Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Polio 0 2314 967830 952318 2026-10-15T11:23:00Z Maiakwai4u 37986 967830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Infantile paralysis 1.jpg|thumb|Polio]] '''(Poliomyelitis), a harshen Turanci''' wato '''Cutar Polio''' ko kuma '''Cutar shan inna,''' cuta ce da ake iya dauka daga wani zuwa wani ta dalilin kwayoyin cutar polio (poliovirus).<ref name=":0">Estivariz, Concepcion F.; Link-Gelles, Ruth; Shimabukuro, Tom (2021). "Chapter 18: Poliomyelitis". In Hall, Elisha; Wodi, A. Patricia; Hamborsky, Jennifer; Morelli, Valerie; Schillie, Sarah (eds.). ''Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (The Pink Book). (14th ed.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, US). Archived from the original on 17 March 2022.''</ref> Kusan kaso 75% na cutar basa nuna alamomin cutar;<ref>"Disease factsheet about poliomyelitis". ''European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control''. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2023.</ref> ana iya samun kananan alamomi kamar ciwon makoshi da zazzabi; a yawancin lokuta alamomi kan stananta kamar [[ciwon kai]], ciwon wuya, da kuma [[Paresthesia]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>"Poliomyelitis: Key facts". World Health Organisation. 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017.</ref> Wadannan alamomi sukan wuce a tsakanin mako daya ko biyu.<ref name=":0" /> Alamar gama-gari itace shanyewar sashin jiki na dundundun, da kuma mutuwa a wasu lokuta idan tayi stanani.<ref name=":0" /> Ana iya samun alamomin cutar (''post-polio syndrome'') shekaru kadan bayan warke daga cutar, da kuma habakar karancin karfi gabbai irin wanda mutum ke fuskanta yayin kamuwa cutan.<ref>"Post-Polio Syndrome Fact Sheet". NIH. 16 April 2014. Archived from the original on 29 July 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</ref> Cutar shan inna na faruwa ne hakanan ne ga dan-Adam.<ref name=":0" /> Tana da saurin yaduwa matuka, kuma tana yaduwa daga wani zuwa wani ta hanyar cudanya ta baki ko fuska<ref name=":0" /><ref>CDC (29 March 2022). "What is Polio?". ''Centers for Disease Control and Prevention''. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</ref> (misali a dalilin gurbataccen muhalli, ko kuma ta hanyar cin abinci ko shan ruwa da ke dauke da kashin dan-adam), ko kuma ta hanyar cudanya ta baki da baki.<ref name=":0" /> Wadanda suka kamu da cutar suna iya yadata ga sauran mutane har tsawon makonni shida ko da ace basu fara nuna wasu alamomi ba.<ref name=":0" /> Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nemo kwayar cutar a cikin kashin mutum ko kuma nemo kwayoyin halitta masu fada da kwayoyin cuta acikin jini.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Polio lores134.jpg|thumb|Polio]] Poliomyelitis (kwayoyin cutar shan inna) sun wanzu na tsawon shekaru dubunnai da suka gabata, tare da nuna cutar acikin zanukan zamunan baya.<ref name=":0" /> Wanda ya fara gano wannan cutar wani masanin magunguna ne bature dan Ingila [[Michael Underwood]] a matsayin cuta mai rudarwa acikin shakarar 1789,<ref name=":0" /><ref>Underwood, Michael (1789). ''A Treatise on the Diseases of Children''. Vol. 2. London, England: J. Mathews. pp. 53–57.</ref> sannan kuma an fara gano kwayoyin cutar da ke janyo cutar a shekarar 1909, wanda wani mai binciken kwayoyin kariyar jiki dan kasar Austriya [[Karl Landsteiner]].<ref>Daniel TM, Robbins FC, eds. (1999). ''Polio''(1st ed.). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. p. 11. ISBN <bdi>9781580460668</bdi>. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016.</ref><ref>Landsteiner, Karl; Popper, Erwin (1909). "Übertragung der Poliomyelitis acuta auf Affen"[Transmission of Poliomyelitis acuta to monkeys]. ''Zeitschrift für Immunitätsforschung und experimentelle Therapie [Journal for Research on Immunity and Experimental Therapy]'' (in German). '''2''' (4): 377–390.</ref> An samu manyan barkewar cutar acikin karni na 19 a kasashen Turai da Amurka,<ref name=":0" /> sannan acikin karni na 20, cutar ta zamonta cuta mafi tada hankali acikin cututtukan da ke kama kananan yara.<ref>Wheeler DS, Wong HR, Shanley TP, eds. (2009). ''Science and practice of pediatric critical care medicine''. London: Springer. pp. 10–11. ISBN <bdi>9781848009219</bdi>. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016.</ref> Bayan gano rigakafin cutar acikin shekarun 1950s, cutar shan inna ta ragu acikin sauri.<ref name=":0" /> {{Stub}} ==Hotuna== <gallery> [[File:0093 NIGERIA Kabiru Getso 3.jpg|0093_NIGERIA_Kabiru_Getso_3]] File:A_man_with_an_impairment_(paralysis_of_left_leg_from_polio)_who_uses_a_simple_assistive_aid_for_walking..jpg|Wani da ya kamu da cuta a sayar kafasa File:0012 Polio Campaign - Nigeria.jpg|0012_Polio_Campaign_-_Nigeria </gallery> == Dalilin == [[Fayil:Polio_EM_PHIL_1875_lores.PNG|right|thumb|Micrograph na microscope na watsawa na kwayar cutar shan inna]] Cutar shan inna bayan shafa kowwa ni hallita sai ƴan adam. cutar na haddasuwa ne ta hanyar kamuwa da jinsi na kwayar cutar (genus Enterovirus) wanda haƙa sani da poliovirus(PV).This group of RNA viruses colonize the gastrointestinal tract&nbsp;– specifically the oropharynx and the intestine. Its structure is quite simple, composed of a single (+) sense RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell called a capsid.<ref name="Sherris" /> In addition to protecting the virus' genetic material, the capsid proteins enable poliovirus to infect certain types of cells. Three serotypes of poliovirus have been identified&nbsp;– wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3)&nbsp;– each with a slightly different capsid protein. All three are extremely virulent and produce the same disease symptoms.<ref name="Sherris" /> WPV1 is the most commonly encountered form, and the one most closely associated with paralysis. WPV2 was certified as eradicated in 2015 and WPV3 certified as eradicated in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/two-out-of-three-wild-poliovirus-strains-eradicated |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030210736/https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/two-out-of-three-wild-poliovirus-strains-eradicated |archive-date=30 October 2019 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=www.who.int}}</ref> Lokacin shayarwa (daga bayyanar alamomi da alamomi na farko) ya kasance daga kwana uku zuwa shida don cutar shan inna ba tare da shayarwa ba. Idan cutar ta ci gaba da haifar da shanyayye, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.<ref name="PinkBook2021">{{Cite book|editor-first2=Schillie}}.</ref> Mutanen da ke fuskantar Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar [[Yin allurar rigakafi|r]]IgA rigakafi cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tonsils da gastrointestinal tract kuma suna iya toshe kwayar cutar; IgG da IgM antibodies kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.<ref name="Kew_2005">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, Dowdle WR, Pallansch MA |year=2005 |title=Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1235033 |url-status=live |journal=Annual Review of Microbiology |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=587–635 |doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625 |pmid=16153180 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709053801/https://zenodo.org/record/1235033 |archive-date=9 July 2020 |access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref> Cutar cuta ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.<ref name="Kew_2005" /> '''Poliomyelitis''' (/ˌpoʊlioʊˌmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/ POH-lee-oh-MY-ə-LY-tiss), wanda mafi yawancin ake rage shi da '''polio''',cuta ce mai yaɗuwa wanda kwayar halittar polio ke aifa dashi .<ref name="PinkBook2021" /> kusan kashi 75%na b;<ref name="ECDC">{{Cite web |date=26 March 2013 |title=Disease factsheet about poliomyelitis |url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/poliomyelitis/facts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412204733/https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/poliomyelitis/facts |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control}}</ref> mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop such as [[Ciwon kai|headache]], neck stiffness, and paresthesia.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web |date=22 July 2019 |title=Poliomyelitis: Key facts |url=https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418105535/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/ |archive-date=18 April 2017 |publisher=World Health Organisation}}</ref> These symptoms usually pass within one or two weeks. A less common symptom is permanent paralysis, and possible death in extreme cases.<ref name="PinkBook2021">{{Cite book|editor-first2=Schillie}}.</ref> Years after recovery, post-polio syndrome may occur, with a slow development of muscle weakness similar to what the person had during the initial infection.<ref name="NIH2014Post">{{Cite web |date=16 April 2014 |title=Post-Polio Syndrome Fact Sheet |url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/post_polio/detail_post_polio.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110729090555/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/post_polio/detail_post_polio.htm |archive-date=29 July 2011 |access-date=4 November 2014 |publisher=NIH}}</ref> Polio yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin mutane.<ref name="PinkBook2021">{{Cite book|editor-first2=Schillie}}.</ref> Yana da yaduwa sosai, kuma yana yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum ko dai ta hanyar yaduwar baki <ref name="PinkBook2021" /> (misali rashin tsabta, ko ta hanyar cin abinci ko ruwa da aka gurɓata da datti na mutum), ko ta hanyar hanyar baki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2022-03-29 |title=What is Polio? |url=https://www.cdc.gov/polio/what-is-polio/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114175849/https://www.cdc.gov/polio/what-is-polio/index.htm |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Wadanda suka kamu da cutar na iya yada cutar har zuwa makonni shida koda kuwa babu alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Ana iya gano cutar ta hanyar gano kwayar cutar a cikin datti ko gano [[Kashi|magunguna]] rigakafi a cikin jini.<ref name="PinkBook2021" /> [[Fayil:Polio_EM_PHIL_1875_lores.PNG|right|thumb|Micrograph na microscope na watsawa na kwayar cutar shan inna]] Poliomyelitis does not affect any species other than humans. The disease is caused by infection with a member of the genus ''Enterovirus'' known as poliovirus (PV). This group of RNA viruses colonize the gastrointestinal tract&nbsp;– specifically the oropharynx and the intestine. Its structure is quite simple, composed of a single (+) sense RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell called a capsid.<ref name="Sherris" /> In addition to protecting the virus' genetic material, the capsid proteins enable poliovirus to infect certain types of cells. Three serotypes of poliovirus have been identified&nbsp;– wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3)&nbsp;– each with a slightly different capsid protein. All three are extremely virulent and produce the same disease symptoms.<ref name="Sherris" /> WPV1 is the most commonly encountered form, and the one most closely associated with paralysis. WPV2 was certified as eradicated in 2015 and WPV3 certified as eradicated in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/two-out-of-three-wild-poliovirus-strains-eradicated |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030210736/https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/two-out-of-three-wild-poliovirus-strains-eradicated |archive-date=30 October 2019 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=www.who.int}}</ref> Lokacin shayarwa (daga bayyanar alamomi da alamomi na farko) ya kasance tsakanin kwana uku zuwa shida na cutar shan inna ba tare da shanyewar inna. Idan cutar ta ci gaba da wanzuwa zuwa shanyewar gaɓa, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.<ref name="PinkBook2021">{{Cite book|editor-first2=Schillie}}.</ref> Mutanen da ke fuskantar Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar [[Yin allurar rigakafi|r]]IgA rigakafi cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tonsils da gastrointestinal tract kuma suna iya toshe kwayar cutar; IgG da IgM antibodies kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.<ref name="Kew_2005">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, Dowdle WR, Pallansch MA |year=2005 |title=Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1235033 |url-status=live |journal=Annual Review of Microbiology |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=587–635 |doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625 |pmid=16153180 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709053801/https://zenodo.org/record/1235033 |archive-date=9 July 2020 |access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref> Cutar cuta ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.<ref name="Kew_2005" /> Wani yanayi mai wuya tare da irin wannan siffar, wanda ba poliovirus ba, na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta tare da enteroviruses ban da poliovirus.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gorson KC, Ropper AH |date=September 2001 |title=Nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis simulating Guillain-Barré syndrome |journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=58 |issue=9 |pages=1460–64 |doi=10.1001/archneur.58.9.1460 |pmid=11559319 |doi-access=}}</ref> '''Poliomyelitis''' (/ˌpoʊlioʊˌmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/ POH-lee-oh-MY-ə-LY-tiss), wanda mafi yawancin ake rage shi da '''polio''',cuta ce mai yaɗuwa wanda kwayar halittar polio ke aifa dashi .<ref name="PinkBook2021" /> kusan kashi 75%na b;<ref name="ECDC">{{Cite web |date=26 March 2013 |title=Disease factsheet about poliomyelitis |url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/poliomyelitis/facts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412204733/https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/poliomyelitis/facts |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control}}</ref> mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop such as [[Ciwon kai|headache]], neck stiffness, and paresthesia.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web |date=22 July 2019 |title=Poliomyelitis: Key facts |url=https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418105535/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/ |archive-date=18 April 2017 |publisher=World Health Organisation}}</ref> These symptoms usually pass within one or two weeks. A less common symptom is permanent paralysis, and possible death in extreme cases.<ref name="PinkBook2021">{{Cite book|editor-first2=Schillie}}.</ref> Years after recovery, post-polio syndrome may occur, with a slow development of muscle weakness similar to what the person had during the initial infection.<ref name="NIH2014Post">{{Cite web |date=16 April 2014 |title=Post-Polio Syndrome Fact Sheet |url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/post_polio/detail_post_polio.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110729090555/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/post_polio/detail_post_polio.htm |archive-date=29 July 2011 |access-date=4 November 2014 |publisher=NIH}}</ref> Polio yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin mutane.<ref name="PinkBook2021">{{Cite book|editor-first2=Schillie}}.</ref> Yana da yaduwa sosai, kuma yana yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum ko dai ta hanyar yaduwar baki <ref name="PinkBook2021" /> (misali rashin tsabta, ko ta hanyar cin abinci ko ruwa da aka gurɓata da datti na mutum), ko ta hanyar hanyar baki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2022-03-29 |title=What is Polio? |url=https://www.cdc.gov/polio/what-is-polio/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114175849/https://www.cdc.gov/polio/what-is-polio/index.htm |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Wadanda suka kamu da cutar na iya yada cutar har zuwa makonni shida koda kuwa babu alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Ana iya gano cutar ta hanyar gano kwayar cutar a cikin datti ko gano [[Kashi|magunguna]] rigakafi a cikin jini.<ref name="PinkBook2021" /> [[Fayil:Polio_EM_PHIL_1875_lores.PNG|right|thumb|Micrograph na microscope na watsawa na kwayar cutar shan inna]] Poliomyelitis does not affect any species other than humans. The disease is caused by infection with a member of the genus ''Enterovirus'' known as poliovirus (PV). This group of RNA viruses colonize the gastrointestinal tract&nbsp;– specifically the oropharynx and the intestine. Its structure is quite simple, composed of a single (+) sense RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell called a capsid.<ref name="Sherris" /> In addition to protecting the virus' genetic material, the capsid proteins enable poliovirus to infect certain types of cells. Three serotypes of poliovirus have been identified&nbsp;– wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3)&nbsp;– each with a slightly different capsid protein. All three are extremely virulent and produce the same disease symptoms.<ref name="Sherris" /> WPV1 is the most commonly encountered form, and the one most closely associated with paralysis. WPV2 was certified as eradicated in 2015 and WPV3 certified as eradicated in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/two-out-of-three-wild-poliovirus-strains-eradicated |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030210736/https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/two-out-of-three-wild-poliovirus-strains-eradicated |archive-date=30 October 2019 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=www.who.int}}</ref> Lokacin shayarwa (daga bayyanar alamomi da alamomi na farko) ya kasance tsakanin kwana uku zuwa shida na cutar shan inna ba tare da shanyewar inna. Idan cutar ta ci gaba da wanzuwa zuwa shanyewar gaɓa, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.<ref name="PinkBook2021">{{Cite book|editor-first2=Schillie}}.</ref> Mutanen da suka bayyanu ga Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar rigakafin cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tansils da hanyar narkewa r abinci kuma suna iya toshe Ninkawar kwayar cutar; garkuwar jiki na IgG da IgM kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.<ref name="Kew_2005">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, Dowdle WR, Pallansch MA |year=2005 |title=Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1235033 |url-status=live |journal=Annual Review of Microbiology |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=587–635 |doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625 |pmid=16153180 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709053801/https://zenodo.org/record/1235033 |archive-date=9 July 2020 |access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref> Cutar ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.<ref name="Kew_2005" /> Wani yanayi mai wuya tare da irin wannan siffar, wanda ba poliovirus ba, na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta tare da virus na hanji ban da poliovirus.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gorson KC, Ropper AH |date=September 2001 |title=Nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis simulating Guillain-Barré syndrome |journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=58 |issue=9 |pages=1460–64 |doi=10.1001/archneur.58.9.1460 |pmid=11559319 |doi-access=}}</ref> '''Poliomyelitis''' (/ˌpoʊlioʊˌmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/ POH-lee-oh-MY-ə-LY-tiss), wanda mafi yawancin ake rage shi da '''polio''',cuta ce mai yaɗuwa wanda kwayar halittar polio ke aifa dashi .<ref name="PinkBook2021" /> kusan kashi 75%na b;<ref name="ECDC">{{Cite web |date=26 March 2013 |title=Disease factsheet about poliomyelitis |url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/poliomyelitis/facts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412204733/https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/poliomyelitis/facts |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control}}</ref> mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop such as [[Ciwon kai|headache]], neck stiffness, and paresthesia.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web |date=22 July 2019 |title=Poliomyelitis: Key facts |url=https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418105535/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/ |archive-date=18 April 2017 |publisher=World Health Organisation}}</ref> These symptoms usually pass within one or two weeks. A less common symptom is permanent paralysis, and possible death in extreme cases.<ref name="PinkBook2021">{{Cite book|editor-first2=Schillie}}.</ref> Years after recovery, post-polio syndrome may occur, with a slow development of muscle weakness similar to what the person had during the initial infection.<ref name="NIH2014Post">{{Cite web |date=16 April 2014 |title=Post-Polio Syndrome Fact Sheet |url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/post_polio/detail_post_polio.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110729090555/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/post_polio/detail_post_polio.htm |archive-date=29 July 2011 |access-date=4 November 2014 |publisher=NIH}}</ref> Polio yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin mutane.<ref name="PinkBook2021">{{Cite book|editor-first2=Schillie}}.</ref> Yana da yaduwa sosai, kuma yana yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum ko dai ta hanyar yaduwar baki <ref name="PinkBook2021" /> (misali rashin tsabta, ko ta hanyar cin abinci ko ruwa da aka gurɓata da datti na mutum), ko ta hanyar hanyar baki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2022-03-29 |title=What is Polio? |url=https://www.cdc.gov/polio/what-is-polio/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114175849/https://www.cdc.gov/polio/what-is-polio/index.htm |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Wadanda suka kamu da cutar na iya yada cutar har zuwa makonni shida koda kuwa babu alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Ana iya gano cutar ta hanyar gano kwayar cutar a cikin datti ko gano [[Kashi|magunguna]] rigakafi a cikin jini.<ref name="PinkBook2021" /> [[Fayil:Polio_EM_PHIL_1875_lores.PNG|right|thumb|Micrograph na microscope na watsawa na kwayar cutar shan inna]] Poliomyelitis does not affect any species other than humans. The disease is caused by infection with a member of the genus ''Enterovirus'' known as poliovirus (PV). This group of RNA viruses colonize the gastrointestinal tract&nbsp;– specifically the oropharynx and the intestine. Its structure is quite simple, composed of a single (+) sense RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell called a capsid.<ref name="Sherris" /> In addition to protecting the virus' genetic material, the capsid proteins enable poliovirus to infect certain types of cells. Three serotypes of poliovirus have been identified&nbsp;– wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3)&nbsp;– each with a slightly different capsid protein. All three are extremely virulent and produce the same disease symptoms.<ref name="Sherris" /> WPV1 is the most commonly encountered form, and the one most closely associated with paralysis. WPV2 was certified as eradicated in 2015 and WPV3 certified as eradicated in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/two-out-of-three-wild-poliovirus-strains-eradicated |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030210736/https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/two-out-of-three-wild-poliovirus-strains-eradicated |archive-date=30 October 2019 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=www.who.int}}</ref> Lokacin shayarwa (daga bayyanar alamomi da alamomi na farko) ya kasance tsakanin kwana uku zuwa shida na cutar shan inna ba tare da shanyewar inna. Idan cutar ta ci gaba da wanzuwa zuwa shanyewar gaɓa, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.<ref name="PinkBook2021">{{Cite book|editor-first2=Schillie}}.</ref> Mutanen da suka bayyanu ga Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar rigakafin cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tansils da hanyar narkewa r abinci kuma suna iya toshe Ninkawar kwayar cutar; garkuwar jiki na IgG da IgM kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.<ref name="Kew_2005">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, Dowdle WR, Pallansch MA |year=2005 |title=Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1235033 |url-status=live |journal=Annual Review of Microbiology |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=587–635 |doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625 |pmid=16153180 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709053801/https://zenodo.org/record/1235033 |archive-date=9 July 2020 |access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref> Cutar ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.<ref name="Kew_2005" /> Wani yanayi mai wuya tare da irin wannan siffar, wanda ba poliovirus ba, na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta tare da virus na hanji ban da poliovirus.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gorson KC, Ropper AH |date=September 2001 |title=Nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis simulating Guillain-Barré syndrome |journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=58 |issue=9 |pages=1460–64 |doi=10.1001/archneur.58.9.1460 |pmid=11559319 |doi-access=}}</ref> Allurar rigakafin na sha cutar shan inna, wacce ake amfani da ita tun 1961, <ref name="WHO2016">{{Cite journal |vauthors=((World Health Organization)) |date=2016 |title=Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016 |journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record |volume=91 |issue=12 |pages=145–68 |pmid=27039410 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> ta ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta masu rauni waɗanda zasu iya ninkawa. A lokuta masu wuya, ana yana yaɗuwa daga mutumin da aka yi wa allurar rigakafi zuwa wasu mutane; a cikin al'ummomin da ke da Kyakyawan yanayin allurar rigakafi mai kyau, yaduwar tana da iyaka, kuma kwayar cutar tana mutuwa. A cikin al'ummomin da ke da ƙarancin hanyar allurar rigakafi, wannan kwayar cutar Mae rauni na iya ci gaba da yaɗuwa kuma, a tsawon lokaci na iya canzawa kuma ya koma cikin nau'i mai guba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is vaccine-derived polio? |url=https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/what-vaccine-derived-polio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828160534/https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/what-vaccine-derived-polio |archive-date=28 August 2022 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=www.gavi.org}}</ref> Ana kiran kwayar cutar da ta samo asali daga wannan dalili a matsayin kwayar cutar poliovirus (cVDPV) ko kwayar cutar ta poliovirus daban-daban don rarrabe shi daga kwayar cutar 'yar cutar polio' ta halitta ko "wild" (WPV). <ref>{{Cite web |title=GPEI-Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses |url=https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the-virus/vaccine-derived-polio-viruses/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828160534/https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the-virus/vaccine-derived-polio-viruses/ |archive-date=28 August 2022 |access-date=2022-08-28}}</ref> Allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna, wacce ake amfani da ita tun 1961, <ref name="WHO2016">{{Cite journal |vauthors=((World Health Organization)) |date=2016 |title=Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016 |journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record |volume=91 |issue=12 |pages=145–68 |pmid=27039410 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> ta ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta masu rauni waɗanda zasu iya ninkawa. A lokuta masu wuya, ana iya yaduwa daga mutumin da aka yi wa allurar rigakafi zuwa wasu mutane; a cikin al'ummomin da ke da allurar rigakawa mai kyau, yaduwar tana da iyaka, kuma kwayar cutar ta mutu. A cikin al'ummomin da ke da ƙarancin allurar rigakafi, wannan kwayar cutar da ya raunana na iya ci gaba da zagayawa kuma, a tsawon lokaci na iya canzawa kuma ya koma cikin nau'i mai guba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is vaccine-derived polio? |url=https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/what-vaccine-derived-polio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828160534/https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/what-vaccine-derived-polio |archive-date=28 August 2022 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=www.gavi.org}}</ref> Ana kiran kwayar cutar da ta samo asali daga wannan dalili a matsayin kwayar cutar poliovirus (cVDPV) ko kwayar cutar ta poliovirus daban-daban don rarrabe shi daga kwayar cutar 'yar cutar polio' ta halitta ko "wild" (WPV). <ref>{{Cite web |title=GPEI-Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses |url=https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the-virus/vaccine-derived-polio-viruses/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828160534/https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the-virus/vaccine-derived-polio-viruses/ |archive-date=28 August 2022 |access-date=2022-08-28}}</ref> === Yaduwa === <ref name="ECDC">{{Cite web |date=26 March 2013 |title=Disease factsheet about poliomyelitis |url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/poliomyelitis/facts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412204733/https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/poliomyelitis/facts |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control}}</ref> Cutar shan inna '''(polio)''' cuta ce mai saurin yaɗuwa sosai. cutar ma yaɗuwa ne galibi ta hanyar hanyar bayan gida zuwa baki'''(fecal–oral route)''', wato ta cin abinci ko shan ruwa da suka gurɓata. A wasu lokuta kuma ana iya kamuwa ta hanyar '''baki zuwa baki (oral–oral route)'''. Cutar tana da alaƙa da yanayi a ƙasashen da suke da yanayi mai sanyi, inda yawan yaɗuwarta yakan fi ƙaruwa a lokacin bazara da kaka. Amma wannan bambanci na yanayi ba ya fitowa sosai a yankunan da ke da zafi (tropical areas). Cutar polio tana fi saurin yaɗuwa tsakanin '''kwanaki 7 zuwa 10 kafin bayyanar alamomi da kuma bayan sun bayyana''', amma ana iya ci gaba da yaɗuwar cutar muddin ƙwayar cutar tana nan a cikin '''yawu ko bayan gida'''. Ana iya fitar da ƙwayoyin cutar ta cikin bayan gida har tsawon '''makonni shida (6)'''. Abubuwan da ke kara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar shan inna sun haɗa da [[ciki]], <ref name="Evans_1960">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Evans CA |date=December 1960 |title=Factors influencing the occurrence of illness during naturally acquired poliomyelitis virus infections |journal=Bacteriological Reviews |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=341–52 |doi=10.1128/MMBR.24.4.341-352.1960 |pmc=441061 |pmid=13697553}}</ref> tsufa sosai ko ƙuruciya sosai, ƙarancin rigakafi, da [[Rashin abinci mai gina jiki]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Chandra RK |date=June 1975 |title=Reduced secretory antibody response to live attenuated measles and poliovirus vaccines in malnourished children |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_1975-06-14_2_5971/page/583 |journal=British Medical Journal |volume=2 |issue=5971 |pages=583–5 |doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5971.583 |pmc=1673535 |pmid=1131622}}</ref> Kodayake kwayar cutar na iya tsallaka shingen uwa da tayin a lokacin daukar ciki, tayin ba ya bayyana ya shafar ko dai kamuwa da cutar ta uwa ko rigakafin cutar shan inna. Magungunan rigakafin uwa kuma sun ratsa placenta, suna ba da rigakafin da ke kare jariri daga kamuwa da cutar shan inna a cikin 'yan watanni na farko na rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sauerbrei A, Groh A, Bischoff A, Prager J, Wutzler P |date=March 2002 |title=Antibodies against vaccine-preventable diseases in pregnant women and their offspring in the eastern part of Germany |journal=Medical Microbiology and Immunology |volume=190 |issue=4 |pages=167–72 |doi=10.1007/s00430-001-0100-3 |pmid=12005329 |s2cid=12369344 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna, wacce ake amfani da ita tun 1961, <ref name="WHO2016">{{Cite journal |vauthors=((World Health Organization)) |date=2016 |title=Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016 |journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record |volume=91 |issue=12 |pages=145–68 |pmid=27039410 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> ta ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta masu rauni waɗanda zasu iya ninkawa. A lokuta masu wuya, ana iya yaduwa daga mutumin da aka yi wa allurar rigakafi zuwa wasu mutane; a cikin al'ummomin da ke da allurar rigakawa mai kyau, yaduwar tana da iyaka, kuma kwayar cutar ta mutu. A cikin al'ummomin da ke da ƙarancin allurar rigakafi, wannan kwayar cutar da ya raunana na iya ci gaba da zagayawa kuma, a tsawon lokaci na iya canzawa kuma ya koma cikin nau'i mai guba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is vaccine-derived polio? |url=https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/what-vaccine-derived-polio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828160534/https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/what-vaccine-derived-polio |archive-date=28 August 2022 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=www.gavi.org}}</ref> Ana kiran kwayar cutar da ta samo asali daga wannan dalili a matsayin kwayar cutar poliovirus (cVDPV) ko kwayar cutar ta poliovirus daban-daban don rarrabe shi daga kwayar cutar 'yar cutar polio' ta halitta ko "wild" (WPV). <ref>{{Cite web |title=GPEI-Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses |url=https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the-virus/vaccine-derived-polio-viruses/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828160534/https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the-virus/vaccine-derived-polio-viruses/ |archive-date=28 August 2022 |access-date=2022-08-28}}</ref> === Yaduwa === <ref name="ECDC">{{Cite web |date=26 March 2013 |title=Disease factsheet about poliomyelitis |url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/poliomyelitis/facts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412204733/https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/poliomyelitis/facts |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control}}</ref> Cutar shan inna '''(polio)''' cuta ce mai saurin yaɗuwa sosai. cutar ma yaɗuwa ne galibi ta hanyar hanyar bayan gida zuwa baki'''(fecal–oral route)''', wato ta cin abinci ko shan ruwa da suka gurɓata. A wasu lokuta kuma ana iya kamuwa ta hanyar '''baki zuwa baki (oral–oral route)'''. Cutar tana da alaƙa da yanayi a ƙasashen da suke da yanayi mai sanyi, inda yawan yaɗuwarta yakan fi ƙaruwa a lokacin bazara da kaka. Amma wannan bambanci na yanayi ba ya fitowa sosai a yankunan da ke da zafi (tropical areas). Cutar polio tana fi saurin yaɗuwa tsakanin '''kwanaki 7 zuwa 10 kafin bayyanar alamomi da kuma bayan sun bayyana''', amma ana iya ci gaba da yaɗuwar cutar muddin ƙwayar cutar tana nan a cikin '''yawu ko bayan gida'''. Ana iya fitar da ƙwayoyin cutar ta cikin bayan gida har tsawon '''makonni shida (6)'''. Abubuwan da ke kara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar shan inna sun haɗa da [[ciki]], <ref name="Evans_1960">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Evans CA |date=December 1960 |title=Factors influencing the occurrence of illness during naturally acquired poliomyelitis virus infections |journal=Bacteriological Reviews |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=341–52 |doi=10.1128/MMBR.24.4.341-352.1960 |pmc=441061 |pmid=13697553}}</ref> tsufa sosai ko ƙuruciya sosai, ƙarancin rigakafi, da [[Rashin abinci mai gina jiki]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Chandra RK |date=June 1975 |title=Reduced secretory antibody response to live attenuated measles and poliovirus vaccines in malnourished children |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_1975-06-14_2_5971/page/583 |journal=British Medical Journal |volume=2 |issue=5971 |pages=583–5 |doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5971.583 |pmc=1673535 |pmid=1131622}}</ref> Kodayake kwayar cutar na iya tsallaka shingen uwa da ɗan ciki a lokacin daukar ciki,ɗan ciki ba ya nuna ya shafu ko dai kamuwa da cutar ta uwa ko rigakafin cutar shan inna. kwayoyin kariya na uwa kuma sun tsallako mahaifa, suna ba da rigakafin da ke kare jariri daga kamuwa da cutar shan inna a cikin 'yan watanni na farko na rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sauerbrei A, Groh A, Bischoff A, Prager J, Wutzler P |date=March 2002 |title=Antibodies against vaccine-preventable diseases in pregnant women and their offspring in the eastern part of Germany |journal=Medical Microbiology and Immunology |volume=190 |issue=4 |pages=167–72 |doi=10.1007/s00430-001-0100-3 |pmid=12005329 |s2cid=12369344 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Dalilin == [[Fayil:Polio_EM_PHIL_1875_lores.PNG|right|thumb|Micrograph na microscope na watsawa na kwayar cutar shan inna]] Cutar shan inna bayan shafa kowwa ni hallita sai ƴan adam. cutar na haddasuwa ne ta hanyar kamuwa da jinsi na kwayar cutar (genus Enterovirus) wanda haƙa sani da poliovirus(PV). Wannan gungun kwayoyin cuta na RNA suna mamayar hanyoyin bin abinci – mussamman moƙogoro da hanji. Tsarin Halittar su mai sauƙi neh, wanda ya kunshi (+) sense RNA genome guda ɗaya wanda aka rufe cikin kwarya na gurin Wanda ake kira da capsid.<ref name="Sherris" /> Bayan baiwa sinadarai na halittar kwayar kariya, iya furotin na capsid ya kara baiwa kwayar cutar shan inna damar shafar wasu nauyin kwayoyin halitta. An gano nau'oi uku na kwayar cutar– wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3)&nbsp;– ko wani nau'i da babbanci kaɗan a capsid furotin dinsa . Kowani nau'i na da matukar hatsari kuma suna haifar da alamomin cuta iri ɗaya ne.<ref name="Sherris" /> WPV1 shine nau'i da aka fi gamuwa dashi, kuma shi yake da halaka na kusa da shanyewar gaɓobi. An tabbatar da an shafe WPV2 a shekarar 2015 tare da WPV3 wanda aka tabbatar da shafe shi a shekarar 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/two-out-of-three-wild-poliovirus-strains-eradicated |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030210736/https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/two-out-of-three-wild-poliovirus-strains-eradicated |archive-date=30 October 2019 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=www.who.int}}</ref> Lokacin kekashewar cutar(incubation period) (daga bayyanar cutar da alamomi na farko) ya kasance tsakanin kwana uku zuwa shida in ya kasance cutar ba nau'i dake haifar da shanyewar gaɓa bane. Idan cutar ta girmama zuwa shanyayye, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.<ref name="PinkBook2021">{{Cite book|editor-first2=Schillie}}.</ref> Mutanen da ke fuskantar Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar [[Yin allurar rigakafi|r]]IgA rigakafi cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tonsils da gastrointestinal tract kuma suna iya toshe kwayar cutar; IgG da IgM antibodies kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.<ref name="Kew_2005">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, Dowdle WR, Pallansch MA |year=2005 |title=Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1235033 |url-status=live |journal=Annual Review of Microbiology |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=587–635 |doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625 |pmid=16153180 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709053801/https://zenodo.org/record/1235033 |archive-date=9 July 2020 |access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref> Cutar cuta ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.<ref name="Kew_2005" /> == Dalilin == [[Fayil:Polio_EM_PHIL_1875_lores.PNG|right|thumb|Micrograph na microscope na watsawa na kwayar cutar shan inna]] Cutar shan inna bayan shafa kowwa ni hallita sai ƴan adam. cutar na haddasuwa ne ta hanyar kamuwa da jinsi na kwayar cutar (genus Enterovirus) wanda haƙa sani da poliovirus(PV). Wannan gungun kwayoyin cuta na RNA suna mamayar hanyoyin bin abinci – mussamman moƙogoro da hanji. Tsarin Halittar su mai sauƙi neh, wanda ya kunshi (+) sense RNA genome guda ɗaya wanda aka rufe cikin kwarya na gurin Wanda ake kira da capsid.<ref name="Sherris" /> Bayan baiwa sinadarai na halittar kwayar kariya, iya furotin na capsid ya kara baiwa kwayar cutar shan inna damar shafar wasu nauyin kwayoyin halitta. An gano nau'oi uku na kwayar cutar– wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3)&nbsp;– ko wani nau'i da babbanci kaɗan a capsid furotin dinsa . Kowani nau'i na da matukar hatsari kuma suna haifar da alamomin cuta iri ɗaya ne.<ref name="Sherris" /> WPV1 shine nau'i da aka fi gamuwa dashi, kuma shi yake da halaka na kusa da shanyewar gaɓobi. An tabbatar da an shafe WPV2 a shekarar 2015 tare da WPV3 wanda aka tabbatar da shafe shi a shekarar 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/two-out-of-three-wild-poliovirus-strains-eradicated |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030210736/https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/two-out-of-three-wild-poliovirus-strains-eradicated |archive-date=30 October 2019 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=www.who.int}}</ref> Lokacin shayarwa (daga bayyanar alamomi da alamomi na farko) ya kasance daga kwana uku zuwa shida don cutar shan inna ba tare da shayarwa ba. Idan cutar ta ci gaba da haifar da shanyayye, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.<ref name="PinkBook2021">{{Cite book|editor-first2=Schillie}}.</ref> Mutanen da ke fuskantar Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar [[Yin allurar rigakafi|r]]IgA rigakafi cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tonsils da gastrointestinal tract kuma suna iya toshe kwayar cutar; IgG da IgM antibodies kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.<ref name="Kew_2005">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, Dowdle WR, Pallansch MA |year=2005 |title=Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1235033 |url-status=live |journal=Annual Review of Microbiology |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=587–635 |doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625 |pmid=16153180 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709053801/https://zenodo.org/record/1235033 |archive-date=9 July 2020 |access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref> Cutar cuta ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.<ref name="Kew_2005" /> == Treatment == Babu waraka ga cutar shan inna, amma akwai magani. maganin zamani ya fi bada muhimmanci a kan samar da sauƙin alamomi, hanzarta farfadowa da hana wahala. Matakan tallafi sun haɗa da maganin rigakafi don hana kamuwa da cuta a cikin tsokoki masu rauni, analgesics don ciwo, motsa jiki mai matsakaici da abinci mai gina jiki. Maganin cutar shan inna sau da yawa yana buƙatar farfadowa na dogon lokaci, gami da magani na yanayin sana'a magani na jiki , takalma masu gyarawa kuma, a wasu lokuta, tiyata na kashi. Ana iya buƙatar masu ɗaukar iska don tallafawa numfashi. A tarihi, an yi amfani da mai ba da iska, mai matsin lamba mara kyau, wanda aka fi sani da huhu na ƙarfe, don kula da numfashi a lokacin kamuwa da cutar shan inna har sai mutum zai iya numfashi da kansa (yawanci kimanin mako ɗaya zuwa biyu). Amfani da huhu na ƙarfe ya fi tsufa a cikin maganin zamani yayin da aka haɓaka hanyoyin numfashi na zamani <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Corrado |first=A. |last2=Ginanni |first2=R. |last3=Villella |first3=G. |last4=Gorini |first4=M. |last5=Augustynen |first5=A. |last6=Tozzi |first6=D. |last7=Peris |first7=A. |last8=Grifoni |first8=S. |last9=Messori |first9=A. |last10=Nozzoli |first10=C. |last11=Berni |first11=G. |date=March 2004 |title=Iron lung versus conventional mechanical ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD |journal=The European Respiratory Journal |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=419–24 |doi=10.1183/09031936.04.00029304 |issn=0903-1936 |pmid=15065832 |doi-access=free}}</ref> kuma saboda kawar da cutar shan inna a mafi yawan duniya. <ref name="americas_last_2017_11_22_independent_co_uk">{{Cite web |last=Buncombe |first=Andrew |date=November 22, 2017 |title=America's last iron lung users on their lives spent inside obsolete ventilators |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/polio-iron-lung-survivors-photos-lives-inside-ventilators-a8070881.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/polio-iron-lung-survivors-photos-lives-inside-ventilators-a8070881.html |archive-date=May 25, 2022 |access-date=April 16, 2019 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> == Treatment == Babu waraka ga cutar shan inna, amma akwai magani. maganin zamani ya fi bada muhimmanci a kan samar da sauƙin alamomi, hanzarta farfadowa da hana wahala. Matakan tallafi sun haɗa da maganin rigakafi don hana kamuwa da cuta a cikin tsokoki masu rauni, analgesics don ciwo, motsa jiki mai matsakaici da abinci mai gina jiki. Maganin cutar shan inna sau da yawa yana buƙatar farfadowa na dogon lokaci, gami da magani na yanayin sana'a magani na jiki , takalma masu gyarawa kuma, a wasu lokuta, tiyata na kashi. Ana iya buƙatar na'urar iska don tallafawa numfashi. A tarihi, an yi amfani da na'urar iska mara shiga jiki,mai matsi wanda aka fi sani da huhu na ƙarfe, don kula da numfashi a lokacin kamuwa da cutar shan inna mai tsanani har sai mutum zai iya numfashi da kansa (yawanci kimanin mako ɗaya zuwa biyu). Amfani da huhu na ƙarfe ya tsufa a cikin kiwon lafiyan zamani yayin da aka haɓaka hanyoyin numfashi na zamani <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Corrado |first=A. |last2=Ginanni |first2=R. |last3=Villella |first3=G. |last4=Gorini |first4=M. |last5=Augustynen |first5=A. |last6=Tozzi |first6=D. |last7=Peris |first7=A. |last8=Grifoni |first8=S. |last9=Messori |first9=A. |last10=Nozzoli |first10=C. |last11=Berni |first11=G. |date=March 2004 |title=Iron lung versus conventional mechanical ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD |journal=The European Respiratory Journal |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=419–24 |doi=10.1183/09031936.04.00029304 |issn=0903-1936 |pmid=15065832 |doi-access=free}}</ref> kuma saboda kawar da cutar shan inna a mafi yawan wurare a duniya. <ref name="americas_last_2017_11_22_independent_co_uk">{{Cite web |last=Buncombe |first=Andrew |date=November 22, 2017 |title=America's last iron lung users on their lives spent inside obsolete ventilators |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/polio-iron-lung-survivors-photos-lives-inside-ventilators-a8070881.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/polio-iron-lung-survivors-photos-lives-inside-ventilators-a8070881.html |archive-date=May 25, 2022 |access-date=April 16, 2019 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> == Treatment == Babu waraka ga cutar shan inna, amma akwai magani. maganin zamani ya fi bada muhimmanci a kan samar da sauƙin alamomi, hanzarta farfadowa da hana wahala. Matakan tallafi sun haɗa da maganin rigakafi don hana kamuwa da cuta a cikin tsokoki masu rauni, analgesics don ciwo, motsa jiki mai matsakaici da abinci mai gina jiki. Maganin cutar shan inna sau da yawa yana buƙatar farfadowa na dogon lokaci, gami da magani na yanayin sana'a magani na jiki , takalma masu gyarawa kuma, a wasu lokuta, tiyata na kashi. Ana iya buƙatar na'urar iska don tallafawa numfashi. A tarihi, an yi amfani da na'urar iska mara shiga jiki,mai matsi wanda aka fi sani da huhu na ƙarfe, don kula da numfashi a lokacin kamuwa da cutar shan inna mai tsanani har sai mutum zai iya numfashi da kansa (yawanci kimanin mako ɗaya zuwa biyu). Amfani da huhu na ƙarfe ya tsufa a cikin kiwon lafiyan zamani yayin da aka haɓaka hanyoyin numfashi na zamani <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Corrado |first=A. |last2=Ginanni |first2=R. |last3=Villella |first3=G. |last4=Gorini |first4=M. |last5=Augustynen |first5=A. |last6=Tozzi |first6=D. |last7=Peris |first7=A. |last8=Grifoni |first8=S. |last9=Messori |first9=A. |last10=Nozzoli |first10=C. |last11=Berni |first11=G. |date=March 2004 |title=Iron lung versus conventional mechanical ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD |journal=The European Respiratory Journal |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=419–24 |doi=10.1183/09031936.04.00029304 |issn=0903-1936 |pmid=15065832 |doi-access=free}}</ref> kuma saboda kawar da cutar shan inna a mafi yawan wurare a duniya. <ref name="americas_last_2017_11_22_independent_co_uk">{{Cite web |last=Buncombe |first=Andrew |date=November 22, 2017 |title=America's last iron lung users on their lives spent inside obsolete ventilators |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/polio-iron-lung-survivors-photos-lives-inside-ventilators-a8070881.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/polio-iron-lung-survivors-photos-lives-inside-ventilators-a8070881.html |archive-date=May 25, 2022 |access-date=April 16, 2019 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> Sauran hanyoyin magance cutar shan inna na tarihi sun haɗa da hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, tausa da motsa jiki mara karfi, da kuma maganin tiyata, kamar kara tsawo na jijiyar dake hada tsokoki da ciki na jijiya. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} eyhpvsimeknp5kahu4r2ow6recj46ht Kaduna (jiha) 0 2484 967761 922339 2026-10-15T03:33:16Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Tarihi */ 967761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Lugard Hall, Kaduna. Parliamentary house of assembly Capital of North Region.jpg|thumb|Lugard Hall, Kaduna.parliamentary house of Assembly capital north region]] [[File:Kaduna State Polytechnic 03.jpg|thumb|Kaduna state polytechnic.03.jpg]] [[File:Kaduna Capital Plaza, Kaduna State Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Kaduna capital plaza]] [[Fayil:Wikidata and Wikipedia in kaduna State 05.jpg|thumb|Wikidata Da Wikipedia a Kaduna State]] [[Fayil:BridgeAduna State 01.jpg|thumb|'''Bridge in Kaduna State''']] [[Fayil:Zaria to Kaduna road before jaji military barrack, Kaduna state.jpg|thumb|Hanyar zariya zuwa kaduna]] '''Jihar Kaduna:''' Wacce ake mata kirari da cibiyar Ilimi, ta samu wannan sunan ne saboda, Allah ya azurta ta da makarantu na Ilimi, Kaduna jihar ce dake a [[Arewacin Najeriya]]. Babbar cibiyar birnin Jihar na da suna Kaduna, wanda ta kasance birnine ne ta 8 mafi girma daga cikin biranen kasar Najeriya. Kamar yadda yake dangane da kiyasin shekarar ta 2006. An kirkiri Jihar Kaduna a shekara ta 7 bayan samun ƴancin kai, an kirkire ta a shekarar ta (1967), da sunan '''Jihar Tsakiyar Arewa''', wadda kuma ta haɗa da [[Jihar Katsina]] ta yanzu, Kaduna ta samu iyakar ta ne a shekarar ta (1987). Kaduna Ita ce jiha ta uku mafi girman ƙasa kuma ta hada da yawan mutane daga cikin sauran [[Jihohin Najeria]], sannan anama Jihar Kaduna laƙabi ko kirari da cibiyan koyon Ilimi (''Centre of Learning'',) saboda ta kasance tana da manyan makarantu na gaba da sakandare masu muhimmanci, kamar su Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Jami'ar Tsaro ta Najeriya da dai sauran su.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Kaduna-Nigeria</ref><ref>"Kaduna | Location, History, & Facts". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.</ref><ref>Breunig, Peter. 2014. Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context: p. 21.</ref><ref>Fagg, Bernard. 1969. Recent work in west Africa: New light on the Nok culture. World Archaeology 1(1): 41–50.</ref> == Asalin in Dasunnan ya fitto == [[File:Nigerian number plate Kaduna.jpg|thumb|Lambar mota ta jahar kaduna]] [[File:Paga Crocodile pond.jpg|alt=Kada|thumb]] Jihar Kaduna ta samo sunan ta Kaduna ne daga kalmar [[kada]], jam<nowiki>'in kalmar Kadduna, sai aka cire harafin ''</nowiki>D" sai ya koma "Kaduna".<ref>"Overview of Kaduna State economy 2002–2008 | Eldis". www.eldis.org. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020</ref> A wani ƙaulin kuma, an ce kalmar ta Kaduna ta samo asali ne daga yaran '''Gwari,''' sun kasance '''Odna''' suna nufin "Kogi" kasancewar kaduna a zagaye take da [[Tafkunan dake daidaita shara|tafkuna]]. Tambarin Jihar Kaduna dai shi ne hoton [[Kada]].<ref>"El-Rufai vows to restore Kaduna to its past glory". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. 5 February 2021. Archived from the original on 16 February 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021</ref><ref>"Kaduna | Location, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.</ref><ref>Shekwo, Joseph Amali (1979). Fundamentals of the Gbagyi Language. Zaria: Centre for Adult Education and Extension Services, Ahmadu Bello University.</ref> ==Tarihi== [[File:Sultan bello bridge 01.jpg|thumb|Gadar masallacin sultan Bello a Kaduna]] [[File:ASC Leiden - NSAG - van Es 10 - 007 - Two women with caps and white headscarves on top - Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria - 18-21 January 1962.tif|thumb|Sarauniya amina lokacin da take mulki]] [[File:Crocodil-du-nil.jpg|alt=Kada|thumb|Crocodile]] A zance mafi inganci ba a san lokacin da mutane suka fara rayuwa ba a yankin Kaduna, amma akan iya tina garin a wasu ma'aunai na [[tarihi]] da suka shuɗe, kuma hakan ya faru ne kasancewar yawan ƙabilun da ke zaune a cikin garin, Hakika birnin ya kafu ne tun kafin zamanin [[Usman dan Fodiyo]] wato tun tale-tale can a shekarun baya, birnin Kaduna ya kasance cibiyar jamhuriyyar Arewa tun daga shekarar ta 1917,<ref>Smith, Bonnie G. (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Oxford University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 9780195148909</nowiki>.</ref><ref>"History Of Kaduna State". Nigeria Zip Codes. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2023</ref> har zuwa shekarar 1967, tarihi ya nuna cewa an mallaka kaduna ne ga masu mulkin mallaka na turawan ƙasar [[Birtaniya]], babban kwamandan yakin mulkin mallaka [[Frederick Lugard]] ya ƙwace Kaduna a shekarar 1897, da shi da sauran yan koransa<ref>"History Of Kaduna State". Nigeria Zip Codes. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2023</ref>. Daga baya kuma suka yi hadin gwuiwa tsakanin Kudancin [[Najeriya]] da kuma [[arewacin Najeriya]] a shekarar ta 914. Wasu daga cikin tsofaffin garuruwan Kaduna sun hada da [[Zaria|Zariya]], [[Kafanchan]] da kuma [[Nok]], wanda wadannan garuruwan tarihi ya kasa riskan farkon garuruwan da tarihinsu tun asali. Garin Zaria shi ne tsohon gari a duk faɗin yankin Kaduna, wanda ake tunanin an kafa garin ne a shekarar ta1536, wanda a wannan lokacin garin baya da suna, amma daga bisani ana kiran garin da sunan diyar wata shahararriyar sarauniya [[(Sarauniya Amina)]] wato Zaria.<ref>Nigeria, Media (13 April 2024). "History of Kaduna State". ''Media Nigeria''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref><ref>"Kalli hotunan bikin cika shekara 100 da kafa Kaduna". BBC Hausa (in Hausa). 17 December 2017. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.</ref>[[File:River Kaduna and Old Railway Bridge, Another View.jpg|thumb|right|Babban Kogin Jihar Kaduna kenan wanda ake tinanin jahar ta samo suna daga gare shi|259x259px]] <br /> == Ƙananan Hukumomi == Jihar Kaduna tana da matuƙar faɗin gaske,<ref>"Gunmen kidnap students in northwest Nigeria, school official says". France 24. 5 July 2021. Archived from the original on 5 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021</ref><ref>"Two flights 'escape' as '200 terrorists' attack Kaduna airport, one dead". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. 27 March 2022. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022</ref> wanda faɗin ƙasar ta ya kai kimanin kilomita 46,053 km<sup>2</sup>, Kaduna ita ce jiha ta Huɗu da ta fi kowacce jiha girman ƙasa, kuma tana da ƙananan hukumomi guda 23, kowacce ƙaramar hukuma ta na da shugaba da ƙananan garuruwa, ƙananan hukomomi su ne kamar haka:<ref>"Many Feared Killed, Others Kidnapped As Bandits Attack Abuja-Kaduna Train". Channels Television. 29 March 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022</ref> [[File:Nigeria_Kaduna_State_map.png|thumb|250px|alt= jihar kaduna| wannan sashin jihar kaduna kenan daga cikin taswirar kasar Najeriya.]] {| class="wikitable" |+ !Adadi !Karamar Hukama !Fadin Kasa !Shuwagabanni |- |1 |[[Birnin Gwari]] | | |- |2 |[[Chikun]] | |- |3 |[[hukumar Giwa]] | | |- |4 |[[Igabi]] | | |- |5 |[[Ikara]] | | |- |6 |[[Jaba]] | | |- |7 |[[Jama'a]] | | |- |8 |[[Kachia]] | | |- |9 |[[Kaduna ta arewa]] | | |- |10 |[[Kaduna ta kudu]] | | |- |11 |[[Kagarko]] | | |- |12 |[[Kajuru]] | | |- |13 |[[Kaura]] | | |- |14 |[[Kauru]] | | |- |15 |[[Kubau]] | | |- |16 |[[Kudan]] | | |- |17 |[[Lere]] | | |- |.18 |[[Makarfi]] | | |- |19 |[[Sabon-Gari]] | | |- |20 |[[Sanga]] | | |- |21 |[[Soba]] | | |- |22 |[[Zangon-Kataf]] | | |- |23 |[[Zariya]] | | |} =='''SHUWAGABANNIN KANANAN HUKUMOMI NA JIHAR KADUNA'''== Karamar Hukumar Birnin gwari: (chairman) Hon. Joe Danlami Karamar Hukumar cikon: (chairman) Hon. Musa Musa Bello Karamar Hukumar Giwa: (chairman) Hon. Sani Aliyu Karamar Hukumar Igabi: Hon. Jabir khamis (chairman) Karamar Hukumar Ikara: (chairman) Hon. Ibrahim Muazu Karamar HukumarJema'a: (chairman) Hon. Yusuf Galadima Karamar Hukumar Kaciya: (chairman) Hon Zayyanu Dauda Karamar Hukumar Kaduna ta arewa: (chairman) Hon. Danladi Idris Karamar Hukumar Kaduna ta kudu: (chairman) Hon. Aliyu Idris Karamar Hukumar Kagarko: (chairman) Hon. Ga'anda Adamu Karamar Hukumar Kajuru: (chairman) Hon. Al Hassan Adamu Karamar Hukumar Kaura: (chairman) Hon. Ibrahim Cikosi Karamar Hukumar Kubau: (chairman) Hon. Bashir zuntu Karamar Hukumar kudan: (chairman) Hon. Lawal Tukur Karamar Hukumar Lere: (chairman). Hon Mathew G Kaku Karamar Hukumar Magarfi: (chairman) Hon. Musa Haruna Karamar Hukumar Sabon Gari: (chairman) Hon. Muhammad Usman Karamar Hukumar Sanga: (chairman) Hon. Salisu Nuhu Karamar Hukumar Soba: (chairman) Hon. Umar Abu Karamar Hukumar Zangon Katar: (chairman) Hon. Mairo Dabo Karamar Hukumar Zariya: (chairman) Hon. Aliyu Idris == Mulki == [[File:Kafanchan Peace Declaration Signing Ceremony.png|thumb|Nasir el Rufa'i da gwamna Lalong na jahar plateau ]] A jihar Kaduna, akwai masu mulki daban-daban da suka hada da [[sarakuna]], zababbun shuwagabanni na mulkin [[dimukuradiya]], a '''jihar ta Kaduna''' akwai [[Gwamna]], [[Ƴan Majalisa]], [[ƴan majalisar Dattijai]], da kuma [[Sarakuna]] masu mulkin [[gargajiya]]. Shuwagabanni a bangaren dimukuradiya ana zaben su ne duk bayan shekaru Hudu, su kuma sarakunan gargajiya suna gada ne a wajen iyaye da kakanni, kuma zasu iya yin mulki iya tsawon rayuwar su, amma gwamna yana da cikakken ikon da zai iya cire/nada kowane sarki a jihar sa.<gallery> |Gwamnan Jahar Kaduna, Nasir Ahmad elrufa'i |Sarkin [[Zazzau]] </gallery> ==Dimukuradiya == A jihar Kaduna, akwai gwamna da mataimakin gwamna,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.highcourt.kd.gov.ng/lawal_bello.html |access-date=2020-03-31 |archive-date=2020-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802182702/http://www.highcourt.kd.gov.ng/lawal_bello.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Kaduna_State<br /></ref> kuma wadannan su ne masu cikakken mulki a cikin jihar ta Kaduna, kuma zaben su ake yi a duk bayan shekaru hudu, wanda yanzu haka Mallam [[Uba sani]] shi ne gwamnan jihar Kaduna da kuma [[Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe]] a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar ta Kaduna. A tsarin mulkin dimokuraɗiyya akwai ƴan majalisun jiha masu kula da dokokin jihar da kuma tsarinta, sannan akwai sanatoci uku masu kula da yanki uku na Jihar Kaduna su ne; [[Suleiman Abdu Kwari]], [[Danjuma Laah]] da kuma [[Uba Sani]]. == Mulkin Gargajiya == [[File:Sultan bello bridge 01.jpg|thumb|gadar masallacin sarkin musulmai bello a jahar kaduna]] [[File:Weding ceremony.jpg|thumb|Shehu Idris Sarkin Zazzau]] Akwai sarakuna da hakimai a kowanne karamar hukuma da kuma gunduma, amman da manyan sarakunan gargajiya su ne kamar haka; Sarkin Zazzau [[Shehu Idris]], sarkin [[Birnin gwari]], sarkin [[Nok]] da kuma sarkin [[Kafanchan]], wadannan sarakunan suna da ka'idojin salan mulki ga iya mutanan su kadai, sannan gwamnan jahar yana da cikakken ikon da zai sauke su ya daura wanda yake so.[[File:Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg|thumb|Left|173x173px|alt= Tambarin kasar Hausa|Wannan tambarin kasar Hausa kenan. Kaduna tana daya daga cikin jahohin Hausa.]] == Kabilu == Jahar Kaduna jaha ce mai tarin al’adu da ire-iren abinci daban-daban Kamar haka: #Hausawa #Fulani #Gwarawa #Katafawa #Birom da dai sauran *.Ire iren abinci: Tuwon masara da na dawa,da na gero da dan wake da dambu da fate da doya da dankalin Hausa da rogo da koko da dai sauran su. == Addinai == Addinai biyu sune manyan addinan jahar Kaduna, wato addinin [[Musulunci]] da kuma addinin [[kiristanci]], kasancewar addinai ne manya akwai alaka mai tsami a tsakaninsu musamman a shekara ta 2000 zuwa shekarar 2001 an samu rikicin [[addini]] a jahar kaduna a bisa dalilin sharia'ar Musulunci da musulmai sukai kokarin assasawa amma sai aka samu rashin jituwa da kiristoci wai suna tsammanin in har shari'ar musulunci ta kafu, to suma zai shafesu shi yasa suka ki amincewa a dalilin haka rikici ya balle inda aka samu asarar rayuka da dimbin dukiya mai tarin yawa, bayan haka akasa [[Mutane]] 1000 suka rasa rayukansu. Bayan haka an kara samun rikicin addini a shekarar 2002 amma a halin yanzu akwai zamantakewa mai karfi tsakanin addinan guda biyu. == Musulunci == <gallery> File:Sultan bello mosque by Anasskoko 08.jpg|Daya cikin Masallatan Hausawa dake cikin garin [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] File:Sultan bello mosque 03.jpg|Hasumiyar masallacin Sultan Bello File:Sultan bello mosque by Anasskoko 03.jpg|Masallacin da yamma </gallery> File: sultan bello mosque by Anasskoko 03.jpg\masallacin da yamma ==Ilimi== ==Ilimin Zamani == A fagen [[Ilmi]] kaduna ce cibiyar ilimi a arewacin [[Najeriya]] kaduna ce cibiyar makarantar horar da jami'an tsaro ta kasa wato ''Nigeria Defence Academy'' an kafata ne tun a shekarar 1964. Sai kuma babbar makarantar kimiyya da fasaha dake kaduna, wato ''Kaduna Polytechnic'' an kafa ta ne a shekarar ta 1968, sai kuma [[jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] dake [[Zariya]] ita kuma ta kafu a shekarar 1962.Bayan haka akwai Jami'ar jahar Kaduna (kasu) da ''Nuhu bamalli polytechnic Zaria'' da college of education gidan waya da dai sauran manyan cibiyoyin ilimi. Lallai kaduna [[duniya]] ce ta [[ilmi]] wannan dalilin ne yasa kaduna tayi fice a jahohin [[Nigeria]] ta ko'ina ana barkowa daga sassa daban-daban na [[Najeriya]] ana wajajeu n neman ilimi a jahar ta kaduna domin ita jahar kaduna ta bambanta da sauran jahohin [[Arewacin Najeriya]]. ==Jadawalin manyan makarantu == *[[Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna]] *Kwalejin Horar da Manyan Jami'an Soja ''Nigerian Defence Academy''' (NDA), Kaduna *Jami'ar ''Greenfield University'' Kaduna * Kwalejin share fagen shiga jami'a wato ''National Open University of Nigeria''. Kaduna. *''Air Force Institute of Technology'', Kaduna * Kwalejin horar da malamai ''National Teachers Institute'' (NTI), Kaduna * Kwalejin unguwar-zoma ''School of Midwifery Kaduna'' * ''Kaduna Polytechnic'' (a shekarar 1968), Kaduna * Hukumar kula da ilimin addinin Musulunci da harshen Larabci *''Kaduna Business School''. ==Ilimin Addini == A cikin jahar kaduna ana karantar da ilimin [[addini]] matuka, cibiyar [[addini]] na bangaren [[Izala]], [[shi'a]], [[Ɗariƙar Tijjaniya]] da [[salafiyya]] duka suna cikin garin '''jahar kaduna'''[[File:Zaria Friday Mosque.jpg|thumb|Wani masallacin juma'a na ginin al'ada a zaria kaduna]] [[File:Jamaatul nasril islam headquaters kaduna nigeria - panoramio.jpg|thumb|ginin zamani na hedikwatar Jama'atul nasril Islam kaduna]][[File:Hotel in Kaduna 01.jpg|thumb|wani ginin hotal na zamani a kaduna]] == Wasanni == Akwai dandalin [[Murtala Square|Murtala Mohammed Square]] inda ake wasanni da kuma motsa jiki, a ciki akwai [[Kaduna Polo Club ]]da kuma [[Kaduna Golf Club]] kuma akwai sitadiyam mai suna [[Ahmadu Bello Stadium|Ahmadu Bello Stadiyam]] da [[Ranchers Bees Stadium|Ranchers Bees Stadiyam]] == Sadarwa == == '''Kafofin yada labarai (Talabijin)''' == * [[Nigerian Television Authority Kaduna (NTA)]] * Kaduna State Media Corporation TV (KSTV) * Desmims Independent Television (DITV) * Liberty TV ==Kafofin yada labarai (Gidan Rediyo) == A.M masu nisan zango sun hada da: * 639 MW – Kada 1 (KSMC) * 747 MW – Nagarta Radio * 594 MW – FRCN (Hausa), Kaduna * 1107 MW – FRCN (English), Kaduna F.M masu matsakaicin zango sun hada da: * Brila FM * Kada 2 FM, Kaduna (KSMC) * Capital Sounds FM, Kaduna (KSMC) * Liberty Radio (English) Kaduna * Karama FM, Kaduna (FRCN) * Freedom Radio FM, Kaduna * Supreme FM, Kaduna (FRCN)<ref>https://dailytrust.com/frcn-stations-battling-for-survival/</ref> * Alheri Radio FM, Kaduna * Invicta FM, Kaduna * Liberty Radio (Hausa) Kaduna * Ray Power FM Kaduna *Vision FM ==Tattalin arziki == Kaduna cibiya ce ta masana'antun arewa, kamar masana'antar [[karafa]], [[masaka]],[[matatar man fetur ta ƙasa]], ginin tukwane, Kaduna garine wanda ake [[kasuwanci]] kasancewar yawan mutane da kuma cunkosa, akwai kasuwanni dayawa a cikin garin kaduna,galibi ma kusan kowanne anguwa a cikin babban birnin kaduna tana da kasuwan ta. == Masana'antu == A cikin kaduna akwai babban kampanin matatan mai, me suna [[kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company]] ('''KRPC'''),wanda daya ne daga cikin manyan kampanonin matatan mai da'ake dasu a [[Najeriya]] <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nnpcgroup.com/Refining/Pages/KRPC.aspx|title=Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC)|website=www.nnpcgroup.com|access-date=2019-08-01|archive-date=2019-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627142425/https://www.nnpcgroup.com/Refining/Pages/KRPC.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kasuwanni == Jahar tana da manyan kasuwanni kaman su kusuwan [[kasuwar sheikh Abubakar gumi]],[[fanteka]],[[kasuwar chechenia]], [[kasuwan magani]],[[kasuwar kawo]], [[kasuwar bacci]],[[kasuwan tudun wadan zaria]]. == Sufuri == Babbar hanyar data ratsa ta cikin gari ana kiranta '''Ahmadu Bello way.''' Kaduna tanada babbar kasuwa wadda aka gina tun a shekarun 1990s bayan ta fuskanci mahaukaciyar gobara. Acikin garin kaduna akwai hanyoyin jiragen kasa wadda ake sufuri daga kaduna zuwa wasu sassan Najeriya. == Jiragen kasa == Akwai hanyoyin layin dogo na jiragen kasa wadanda aka gina tun a watan satumba shekarar alif 2009 mai nisan tazarar kilomita 1,435 mm (4ft 81/2) zuwa babban birnin tarayya [[Abuja]].<ref name="muhammad2016">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/general/a-memorable-trip-on-the-abuja-kaduna-train/156469.html|title=A memorable trip on the Abuja-Kaduna train|last1=Muhammad|first1=Hamisu|date=23 July 2016|work=Daily Trust}}</ref><gallery> File:Railway track.jpg|Titin jirgin kasa a Kaduna </gallery> ==Jiragen sama == [[File:Chanchangi Airlines BAC 1-11 Makinde-1.jpg|thumb|Chanchangi Airlines na jihar kaduna]] bayan haka akwai filayen jiragen sama guda biyu wato [[Filin Jirgin Saman Jihar kaduna]] da kuma filin jirgin sama na chanchangi wato [[Chanchangi Airlines]] wadda ake sufuri daga jahar zuwa jaha ko daga Nigeria zuwa kasashen ketare. == Sufurin motoci == Jahar kaduna tana da hukumar dake kula da tafiye-tafiye a fannoni sifirin motoci, wacce ak kira da '''KSTA.'''<gallery> File:Night mode Transportation.jpg|Cikin garin Kaduna da daddare File:Bus at badarawa bus stop.jpg|Motar haya a tashar NDA Badarawa . File:Ahmadu Bello way.jpg|Babban hanyar data ratsa cikin garin Kaduna mai suna Ahmadu Bello Way. File:Green car2.jpg|Motar kwashe shara dan tsaftace cikin garin Kaduna </gallery>. ==Wuraren bude ido== <ref>learn about kaduna. [http://ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/kaduna.htm Learn about kaduna state] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221123050/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/kaduna.htm |date=2015-02-21 }}.</ref> * Lugard Hall * Government Monument Bridge * General Hassan park * Man-made kaduna * Nok Terra Cotta * Nok Village * Cultural kaduna * National museum * Jakaranda pottery * kaduna souvenir ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Kaduna River in kaduna state Nigeria.jpg|Kogin Kaduna File:Water fall in Kafancha Kaduna State.jpg|Koramar ruwa a Kafanchan File:Matsirga Water fall Madakiya.jpg|Koramar Matsirga File:Kamuku National Park kaduna State Nigeria.jpg|Wajen bufe ido na Kamuku Kaduna File:Ahmadu bello university senate.jpg|ABU Zaria File:Ten Storey Kaduna5.jpg|Ginin ::Ten Storey'' a Ahmadu Bello File:Flower of kaduna 02.jpg|Muhimmiyar Fulawa a Kaduna File:Kajuru Castle.jpg|Sansanin Kajuru </gallery> ==Sanannun mutane mazauna kaduna== *[[File:Namadi Sambo.jpg|thumb|Arc Muhammad Namadi Sambo. Tsohon Gwamnan jihar kaduna ]]Mohammed Namadi Sambo<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/428652-namadi-sambo-wants-govt-funding-for-private-universities.html?tztc=1</ref> *[[Shehu Sani]] tsohon sanata<ref>https://punchng.com/shehu-sani-slams-wbank-for-advising-nigeria-to-raise-taxes/</ref> *Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi<ref>https://leadership.ng/makarfis-suspension-illegal-pdp/</ref> *[[Uba Sani]] sanata<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/uba-sani-conferred-with-traditional-title-for-his-rural-transformation-initiatives</ref><ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/just-in-governor-uba-sani-bags-2023-leadership-award/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/uba-sani-craving-to-sustain-kaduna-state/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-12-25 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225205408/https://guardian.ng/opinion/uba-sani-craving-to-sustain-kaduna-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Abubakar Gumi]] Malamin Addinin musulunci<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/gumis-extremism-shames-decency</ref> *Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/17/world/africa/17abdulmutallab.html|work=The New York Times|first=Adam|last=Nossiter|title=Lonely Trek to Radicalism for Terror Suspect|date=2010-01-17}}</ref> *[[Tijani Babangida]]<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/18/pfan-will-comply-with-nffs-decision-on-players-union-tijani-babangida/</ref> *[[Celestine Babayaro]] *[[Michael Eneramo]]<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/12/eneramo-can%E2%80%99t-wait-to-move-to-europe/</ref> *Fiona Fullerton *Dahiru Sadi, Dan wasan kwallo<ref>https://leadership.ng/gov-uba-sani-unity-cup-tijani-babangida-appoints-ahmed-lawal-dahiru-sadi-others-as-technical-committee-members/</ref> *[[Adam A Zango]], jarumi a fina finan Hausa<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/kannywood/1518957-in-ka-ji-gangami-da-labari-jarumi-adam-zango-yace-ya-gama-zaman-aure-ya-saki-bidiyo/</ref> *General Mohammed Wushishi<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/499121-general-mohammed-wushishi-nigerias-ex-army-chief-is-dead.html?tztc=1</ref> * sherhk Usman bauchi malamin addini *Col Sani Bello<ref>https://dailytrust.com/the-day-ironsi-died-colonel-sani-bello-his-former-adc/</ref> *[[Mal Muntaqa Usman Bilbis]], malamin addinin musulunci *[[Hon Yusuf Hamisu Abubakar]], mai rago *Sheikh Abubakar Salihu<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2021/08/23/dss-under-fire-for-alleged-inaction-after-cleric-salihu-zaria-threatened-to-kill-christians/</ref>, malamin addinin musulunci ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kaduna}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] {{Template:Jihar Kaduna}} m7zijjhq8oexqeadew1uju7ya41t2b6 967762 967761 2026-10-15T03:35:33Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 967762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Lugard Hall, Kaduna. Parliamentary house of assembly Capital of North Region.jpg|thumb|Lugard Hall, Kaduna.parliamentary house of Assembly capital north region]] [[File:Kaduna State Polytechnic 03.jpg|thumb|Kaduna state polytechnic.03.jpg]] [[File:Kaduna Capital Plaza, Kaduna State Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Kaduna capital plaza]] [[Fayil:Wikidata and Wikipedia in kaduna State 05.jpg|thumb|Wikidata Da Wikipedia a Kaduna State]] [[Fayil:BridgeAduna State 01.jpg|thumb|'''Bridge in Kaduna State''']] [[Fayil:Zaria to Kaduna road before jaji military barrack, Kaduna state.jpg|thumb|Hanyar zariya zuwa kaduna]] '''Jihar Kaduna:''' Wacce ake mata kirari da cibiyar Ilimi, ta samu wannan sunan ne saboda, Allah ya azurta ta da makarantu na Ilimi, Kaduna jihar ce dake a [[Arewacin Najeriya]]. Babbar cibiyar birnin Jihar na da suna Kaduna, wanda ta kasance birnine ne ta 8 mafi girma daga cikin biranen kasar Najeriya. Kamar yadda yake dangane da kiyasin shekarar ta 2006. An kirkiri Jihar Kaduna a shekara ta 7 bayan samun ƴancin kai, an kirkire ta a shekarar ta (1967), da sunan '''Jihar Tsakiyar Arewa''', wadda kuma ta haɗa da [[Jihar Katsina]] ta yanzu, Kaduna ta samu iyakar ta ne a shekarar ta (1987). Kaduna Ita ce jiha ta uku mafi girman ƙasa kuma ta hada da yawan mutane daga cikin sauran [[Jihohin Najeria]], sannan anama Jihar Kaduna laƙabi ko kirari da cibiyan koyon Ilimi (''Centre of Learning'',) saboda ta kasance tana da manyan makarantu na gaba da sakandare masu muhimmanci, kamar su Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Jami'ar Tsaro ta Najeriya da dai sauran su.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Kaduna-Nigeria</ref><ref>"Kaduna | Location, History, & Facts". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.</ref><ref>Breunig, Peter. 2014. Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context: p. 21.</ref><ref>Fagg, Bernard. 1969. Recent work in west Africa: New light on the Nok culture. World Archaeology 1(1): 41–50.</ref> == Asalin in Dasunnan ya fitto == [[File:Nigerian number plate Kaduna.jpg|thumb|Lambar mota ta jahar kaduna]] [[File:Paga Crocodile pond.jpg|alt=Kada|thumb]] Jihar Kaduna ta samo sunan ta Kaduna ne daga kalmar [[kada]], jam<nowiki>'in kalmar Kadduna, sai aka cire harafin ''</nowiki>D" sai ya koma "Kaduna".<ref>"Overview of Kaduna State economy 2002–2008 | Eldis". www.eldis.org. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020</ref> A wani ƙaulin kuma, an ce kalmar ta Kaduna ta samo asali ne daga yaran '''Gwari,''' sun kasance '''Odna''' suna nufin "Kogi" kasancewar kaduna a zagaye take da [[Tafkunan dake daidaita shara|tafkuna]]. Tambarin Jihar Kaduna dai shi ne hoton [[Kada]].<ref>"El-Rufai vows to restore Kaduna to its past glory". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. 5 February 2021. Archived from the original on 16 February 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021</ref><ref>"Kaduna | Location, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.</ref><ref>Shekwo, Joseph Amali (1979). Fundamentals of the Gbagyi Language. Zaria: Centre for Adult Education and Extension Services, Ahmadu Bello University.</ref> ==Tarihi== [[File:Sultan bello bridge 01.jpg|thumb|Gadar masallacin sultan Bello a Kaduna]] [[File:ASC Leiden - NSAG - van Es 10 - 007 - Two women with caps and white headscarves on top - Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria - 18-21 January 1962.tif|thumb|Sarauniya amina lokacin da take mulki]] [[File:Crocodil-du-nil.jpg|alt=Kada|thumb|Crocodile]] A zance mafi inganci ba a san lokacin da mutane suka fara rayuwa ba a yankin Kaduna, amma akan iya tina garin a wasu ma'aunai na [[tarihi]] da suka shuɗe, kuma hakan ya faru ne kasancewar yawan ƙabilun da ke zaune a cikin garin, Hakika birnin ya kafu ne tun kafin zamanin [[Usman dan Fodiyo]] wato tun tale-tale can a shekarun baya, birnin Kaduna ya kasance cibiyar jamhuriyyar Arewa tun daga shekarar ta 1917,<ref>Smith, Bonnie G. (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Oxford University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 9780195148909</nowiki>.</ref><ref>"History Of Kaduna State". Nigeria Zip Codes. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2023</ref> har zuwa shekarar 1967, tarihi ya nuna cewa an mallaka kaduna ne ga masu mulkin mallaka na turawan ƙasar [[Birtaniya]], babban kwamandan yakin mulkin mallaka [[Frederick Lugard]] ya ƙwace Kaduna a shekarar 1897, da shi da sauran yan koransa<ref>"History Of Kaduna State". Nigeria Zip Codes. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2023</ref>. Daga baya kuma suka yi hadin gwuiwa tsakanin Kudancin [[Najeriya]] da kuma [[arewacin Najeriya]] a shekarar ta 914. Wasu daga cikin tsofaffin garuruwan Kaduna sun hada da [[Zaria|Zariya]], [[Kafanchan]] da kuma [[Nok]], wanda wadannan garuruwan tarihi ya kasa riskan farkon garuruwan da tarihinsu tun asali. Garin Zaria shi ne tsohon gari a duk faɗin yankin Kaduna, wanda ake tunanin an kafa garin ne a shekarar ta1536, wanda a wannan lokacin garin baya da suna, amma daga bisani ana kiran garin da sunan diyar wata shahararriyar sarauniya [[(Sarauniya Amina)]] wato Zaria.<ref>Nigeria, Media (13 April 2024). "History of Kaduna State". ''Media Nigeria''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref><ref>"Kalli hotunan bikin cika shekara 100 da kafa Kaduna". BBC Hausa (in Hausa). 17 December 2017. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.</ref>[[File:River Kaduna and Old Railway Bridge, Another View.jpg|thumb|right|Babban Kogin Jihar Kaduna kenan wanda ake tinanin jahar ta samo suna daga gare shi|259x259px]] <br /> == Ƙananan Hukumomi == Jihar Kaduna tana da matuƙar faɗin gaske,<ref>"Gunmen kidnap students in northwest Nigeria, school official says". France 24. 5 July 2021. Archived from the original on 5 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021</ref><ref>"Two flights 'escape' as '200 terrorists' attack Kaduna airport, one dead". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. 27 March 2022. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022</ref> wanda faɗin ƙasar ta ya kai kimanin kilomita 46,053 km<sup>2</sup>, Kaduna ita ce jiha ta Huɗu da ta fi kowacce jiha girman ƙasa, kuma tana da ƙananan hukumomi guda 23, kowacce ƙaramar hukuma ta na da shugaba da ƙananan garuruwa, ƙananan hukomomi su ne kamar haka:<ref>"Many Feared Killed, Others Kidnapped As Bandits Attack Abuja-Kaduna Train". Channels Television. 29 March 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022</ref> [[File:Nigeria_Kaduna_State_map.png|thumb|250px|alt= jihar kaduna| wannan sashin jihar kaduna kenan daga cikin taswirar kasar Najeriya.]] {| class="wikitable" |+ !Adadi !Karamar Hukama !Fadin Kasa !Shuwagabanni |- |1 |[[Birnin Gwari]] | | |- |2 |[[Chikun]] | |- |3 |[[hukumar Giwa]] | | |- |4 |[[Igabi]] | | |- |5 |[[Ikara]] | |Hon Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli |- |6 |[[Jaba]] | | |- |7 |[[Jama'a]] | | |- |8 |[[Kachia]] | | |- |9 |[[Kaduna ta arewa]] | | |- |10 |[[Kaduna ta kudu]] | | |- |11 |[[Kagarko]] | | |- |12 |[[Kajuru]] | | |- |13 |[[Kaura]] | | |- |14 |[[Kauru]] | | |- |15 |[[Kubau]] | |Hon Bashir zuntu |- |16 |[[Kudan]] | | |- |17 |[[Lere]] | | |- |.18 |[[Makarfi]] | | |- |19 |[[Sabon-Gari]] | | |- |20 |[[Sanga]] | | |- |21 |[[Soba]] | | |- |22 |[[Zangon-Kataf]] | | |- |23 |[[Zariya]] | | |} =='''SHUWAGABANNIN KANANAN HUKUMOMI NA JIHAR KADUNA'''== Karamar Hukumar Birnin gwari: (chairman) Hon. Joe Danlami Karamar Hukumar cikon: (chairman) Hon. Musa Musa Bello Karamar Hukumar Giwa: (chairman) Hon. Sani Aliyu Karamar Hukumar Igabi: Hon. Jabir khamis (chairman) Karamar Hukumar Ikara: (chairman) Hon. Ibrahim Muazu Karamar HukumarJema'a: (chairman) Hon. Yusuf Galadima Karamar Hukumar Kaciya: (chairman) Hon Zayyanu Dauda Karamar Hukumar Kaduna ta arewa: (chairman) Hon. Danladi Idris Karamar Hukumar Kaduna ta kudu: (chairman) Hon. Aliyu Idris Karamar Hukumar Kagarko: (chairman) Hon. Ga'anda Adamu Karamar Hukumar Kajuru: (chairman) Hon. Al Hassan Adamu Karamar Hukumar Kaura: (chairman) Hon. Ibrahim Cikosi Karamar Hukumar Kubau: (chairman) Hon. Bashir zuntu Karamar Hukumar kudan: (chairman) Hon. Lawal Tukur Karamar Hukumar Lere: (chairman). Hon Mathew G Kaku Karamar Hukumar Magarfi: (chairman) Hon. Musa Haruna Karamar Hukumar Sabon Gari: (chairman) Hon. Muhammad Usman Karamar Hukumar Sanga: (chairman) Hon. Salisu Nuhu Karamar Hukumar Soba: (chairman) Hon. Umar Abu Karamar Hukumar Zangon Katar: (chairman) Hon. Mairo Dabo Karamar Hukumar Zariya: (chairman) Hon. Aliyu Idris == Mulki == [[File:Kafanchan Peace Declaration Signing Ceremony.png|thumb|Nasir el Rufa'i da gwamna Lalong na jahar plateau ]] A jihar Kaduna, akwai masu mulki daban-daban da suka hada da [[sarakuna]], zababbun shuwagabanni na mulkin [[dimukuradiya]], a '''jihar ta Kaduna''' akwai [[Gwamna]], [[Ƴan Majalisa]], [[ƴan majalisar Dattijai]], da kuma [[Sarakuna]] masu mulkin [[gargajiya]]. Shuwagabanni a bangaren dimukuradiya ana zaben su ne duk bayan shekaru Hudu, su kuma sarakunan gargajiya suna gada ne a wajen iyaye da kakanni, kuma zasu iya yin mulki iya tsawon rayuwar su, amma gwamna yana da cikakken ikon da zai iya cire/nada kowane sarki a jihar sa.<gallery> |Gwamnan Jahar Kaduna, Nasir Ahmad elrufa'i |Sarkin [[Zazzau]] </gallery> ==Dimukuradiya == A jihar Kaduna, akwai gwamna da mataimakin gwamna,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.highcourt.kd.gov.ng/lawal_bello.html |access-date=2020-03-31 |archive-date=2020-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802182702/http://www.highcourt.kd.gov.ng/lawal_bello.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Kaduna_State<br /></ref> kuma wadannan su ne masu cikakken mulki a cikin jihar ta Kaduna, kuma zaben su ake yi a duk bayan shekaru hudu, wanda yanzu haka Mallam [[Uba sani]] shi ne gwamnan jihar Kaduna da kuma [[Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe]] a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar ta Kaduna. A tsarin mulkin dimokuraɗiyya akwai ƴan majalisun jiha masu kula da dokokin jihar da kuma tsarinta, sannan akwai sanatoci uku masu kula da yanki uku na Jihar Kaduna su ne; [[Suleiman Abdu Kwari]], [[Danjuma Laah]] da kuma [[Uba Sani]]. == Mulkin Gargajiya == [[File:Sultan bello bridge 01.jpg|thumb|gadar masallacin sarkin musulmai bello a jahar kaduna]] [[File:Weding ceremony.jpg|thumb|Shehu Idris Sarkin Zazzau]] Akwai sarakuna da hakimai a kowanne karamar hukuma da kuma gunduma, amman da manyan sarakunan gargajiya su ne kamar haka; Sarkin Zazzau [[Shehu Idris]], sarkin [[Birnin gwari]], sarkin [[Nok]] da kuma sarkin [[Kafanchan]], wadannan sarakunan suna da ka'idojin salan mulki ga iya mutanan su kadai, sannan gwamnan jahar yana da cikakken ikon da zai sauke su ya daura wanda yake so.[[File:Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg|thumb|Left|173x173px|alt= Tambarin kasar Hausa|Wannan tambarin kasar Hausa kenan. Kaduna tana daya daga cikin jahohin Hausa.]] == Kabilu == Jahar Kaduna jaha ce mai tarin al’adu da ire-iren abinci daban-daban Kamar haka: #Hausawa #Fulani #Gwarawa #Katafawa #Birom da dai sauran *.Ire iren abinci: Tuwon masara da na dawa,da na gero da dan wake da dambu da fate da doya da dankalin Hausa da rogo da koko da dai sauran su. == Addinai == Addinai biyu sune manyan addinan jahar Kaduna, wato addinin [[Musulunci]] da kuma addinin [[kiristanci]], kasancewar addinai ne manya akwai alaka mai tsami a tsakaninsu musamman a shekara ta 2000 zuwa shekarar 2001 an samu rikicin [[addini]] a jahar kaduna a bisa dalilin sharia'ar Musulunci da musulmai sukai kokarin assasawa amma sai aka samu rashin jituwa da kiristoci wai suna tsammanin in har shari'ar musulunci ta kafu, to suma zai shafesu shi yasa suka ki amincewa a dalilin haka rikici ya balle inda aka samu asarar rayuka da dimbin dukiya mai tarin yawa, bayan haka akasa [[Mutane]] 1000 suka rasa rayukansu. Bayan haka an kara samun rikicin addini a shekarar 2002 amma a halin yanzu akwai zamantakewa mai karfi tsakanin addinan guda biyu. == Musulunci == <gallery> File:Sultan bello mosque by Anasskoko 08.jpg|Daya cikin Masallatan Hausawa dake cikin garin [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] File:Sultan bello mosque 03.jpg|Hasumiyar masallacin Sultan Bello File:Sultan bello mosque by Anasskoko 03.jpg|Masallacin da yamma </gallery> File: sultan bello mosque by Anasskoko 03.jpg\masallacin da yamma ==Ilimi== ==Ilimin Zamani == A fagen [[Ilmi]] kaduna ce cibiyar ilimi a arewacin [[Najeriya]] kaduna ce cibiyar makarantar horar da jami'an tsaro ta kasa wato ''Nigeria Defence Academy'' an kafata ne tun a shekarar 1964. Sai kuma babbar makarantar kimiyya da fasaha dake kaduna, wato ''Kaduna Polytechnic'' an kafa ta ne a shekarar ta 1968, sai kuma [[jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] dake [[Zariya]] ita kuma ta kafu a shekarar 1962.Bayan haka akwai Jami'ar jahar Kaduna (kasu) da ''Nuhu bamalli polytechnic Zaria'' da college of education gidan waya da dai sauran manyan cibiyoyin ilimi. Lallai kaduna [[duniya]] ce ta [[ilmi]] wannan dalilin ne yasa kaduna tayi fice a jahohin [[Nigeria]] ta ko'ina ana barkowa daga sassa daban-daban na [[Najeriya]] ana wajajeu n neman ilimi a jahar ta kaduna domin ita jahar kaduna ta bambanta da sauran jahohin [[Arewacin Najeriya]]. ==Jadawalin manyan makarantu == *[[Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna]] *Kwalejin Horar da Manyan Jami'an Soja ''Nigerian Defence Academy''' (NDA), Kaduna *Jami'ar ''Greenfield University'' Kaduna * Kwalejin share fagen shiga jami'a wato ''National Open University of Nigeria''. Kaduna. *''Air Force Institute of Technology'', Kaduna * Kwalejin horar da malamai ''National Teachers Institute'' (NTI), Kaduna * Kwalejin unguwar-zoma ''School of Midwifery Kaduna'' * ''Kaduna Polytechnic'' (a shekarar 1968), Kaduna * Hukumar kula da ilimin addinin Musulunci da harshen Larabci *''Kaduna Business School''. ==Ilimin Addini == A cikin jahar kaduna ana karantar da ilimin [[addini]] matuka, cibiyar [[addini]] na bangaren [[Izala]], [[shi'a]], [[Ɗariƙar Tijjaniya]] da [[salafiyya]] duka suna cikin garin '''jahar kaduna'''[[File:Zaria Friday Mosque.jpg|thumb|Wani masallacin juma'a na ginin al'ada a zaria kaduna]] [[File:Jamaatul nasril islam headquaters kaduna nigeria - panoramio.jpg|thumb|ginin zamani na hedikwatar Jama'atul nasril Islam kaduna]][[File:Hotel in Kaduna 01.jpg|thumb|wani ginin hotal na zamani a kaduna]] == Wasanni == Akwai dandalin [[Murtala Square|Murtala Mohammed Square]] inda ake wasanni da kuma motsa jiki, a ciki akwai [[Kaduna Polo Club ]]da kuma [[Kaduna Golf Club]] kuma akwai sitadiyam mai suna [[Ahmadu Bello Stadium|Ahmadu Bello Stadiyam]] da [[Ranchers Bees Stadium|Ranchers Bees Stadiyam]] == Sadarwa == == '''Kafofin yada labarai (Talabijin)''' == * [[Nigerian Television Authority Kaduna (NTA)]] * Kaduna State Media Corporation TV (KSTV) * Desmims Independent Television (DITV) * Liberty TV ==Kafofin yada labarai (Gidan Rediyo) == A.M masu nisan zango sun hada da: * 639 MW – Kada 1 (KSMC) * 747 MW – Nagarta Radio * 594 MW – FRCN (Hausa), Kaduna * 1107 MW – FRCN (English), Kaduna F.M masu matsakaicin zango sun hada da: * Brila FM * Kada 2 FM, Kaduna (KSMC) * Capital Sounds FM, Kaduna (KSMC) * Liberty Radio (English) Kaduna * Karama FM, Kaduna (FRCN) * Freedom Radio FM, Kaduna * Supreme FM, Kaduna (FRCN)<ref>https://dailytrust.com/frcn-stations-battling-for-survival/</ref> * Alheri Radio FM, Kaduna * Invicta FM, Kaduna * Liberty Radio (Hausa) Kaduna * Ray Power FM Kaduna *Vision FM ==Tattalin arziki == Kaduna cibiya ce ta masana'antun arewa, kamar masana'antar [[karafa]], [[masaka]],[[matatar man fetur ta ƙasa]], ginin tukwane, Kaduna garine wanda ake [[kasuwanci]] kasancewar yawan mutane da kuma cunkosa, akwai kasuwanni dayawa a cikin garin kaduna,galibi ma kusan kowanne anguwa a cikin babban birnin kaduna tana da kasuwan ta. == Masana'antu == A cikin kaduna akwai babban kampanin matatan mai, me suna [[kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company]] ('''KRPC'''),wanda daya ne daga cikin manyan kampanonin matatan mai da'ake dasu a [[Najeriya]] <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nnpcgroup.com/Refining/Pages/KRPC.aspx|title=Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC)|website=www.nnpcgroup.com|access-date=2019-08-01|archive-date=2019-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627142425/https://www.nnpcgroup.com/Refining/Pages/KRPC.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kasuwanni == Jahar tana da manyan kasuwanni kaman su kusuwan [[kasuwar sheikh Abubakar gumi]],[[fanteka]],[[kasuwar chechenia]], [[kasuwan magani]],[[kasuwar kawo]], [[kasuwar bacci]],[[kasuwan tudun wadan zaria]]. == Sufuri == Babbar hanyar data ratsa ta cikin gari ana kiranta '''Ahmadu Bello way.''' Kaduna tanada babbar kasuwa wadda aka gina tun a shekarun 1990s bayan ta fuskanci mahaukaciyar gobara. Acikin garin kaduna akwai hanyoyin jiragen kasa wadda ake sufuri daga kaduna zuwa wasu sassan Najeriya. == Jiragen kasa == Akwai hanyoyin layin dogo na jiragen kasa wadanda aka gina tun a watan satumba shekarar alif 2009 mai nisan tazarar kilomita 1,435 mm (4ft 81/2) zuwa babban birnin tarayya [[Abuja]].<ref name="muhammad2016">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/general/a-memorable-trip-on-the-abuja-kaduna-train/156469.html|title=A memorable trip on the Abuja-Kaduna train|last1=Muhammad|first1=Hamisu|date=23 July 2016|work=Daily Trust}}</ref><gallery> File:Railway track.jpg|Titin jirgin kasa a Kaduna </gallery> ==Jiragen sama == [[File:Chanchangi Airlines BAC 1-11 Makinde-1.jpg|thumb|Chanchangi Airlines na jihar kaduna]] bayan haka akwai filayen jiragen sama guda biyu wato [[Filin Jirgin Saman Jihar kaduna]] da kuma filin jirgin sama na chanchangi wato [[Chanchangi Airlines]] wadda ake sufuri daga jahar zuwa jaha ko daga Nigeria zuwa kasashen ketare. == Sufurin motoci == Jahar kaduna tana da hukumar dake kula da tafiye-tafiye a fannoni sifirin motoci, wacce ak kira da '''KSTA.'''<gallery> File:Night mode Transportation.jpg|Cikin garin Kaduna da daddare File:Bus at badarawa bus stop.jpg|Motar haya a tashar NDA Badarawa . File:Ahmadu Bello way.jpg|Babban hanyar data ratsa cikin garin Kaduna mai suna Ahmadu Bello Way. File:Green car2.jpg|Motar kwashe shara dan tsaftace cikin garin Kaduna </gallery>. ==Wuraren bude ido== <ref>learn about kaduna. [http://ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/kaduna.htm Learn about kaduna state] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221123050/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/kaduna.htm |date=2015-02-21 }}.</ref> * Lugard Hall * Government Monument Bridge * General Hassan park * Man-made kaduna * Nok Terra Cotta * Nok Village * Cultural kaduna * National museum * Jakaranda pottery * kaduna souvenir ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Kaduna River in kaduna state Nigeria.jpg|Kogin Kaduna File:Water fall in Kafancha Kaduna State.jpg|Koramar ruwa a Kafanchan File:Matsirga Water fall Madakiya.jpg|Koramar Matsirga File:Kamuku National Park kaduna State Nigeria.jpg|Wajen bufe ido na Kamuku Kaduna File:Ahmadu bello university senate.jpg|ABU Zaria File:Ten Storey Kaduna5.jpg|Ginin ::Ten Storey'' a Ahmadu Bello File:Flower of kaduna 02.jpg|Muhimmiyar Fulawa a Kaduna File:Kajuru Castle.jpg|Sansanin Kajuru </gallery> ==Sanannun mutane mazauna kaduna== *[[File:Namadi Sambo.jpg|thumb|Arc Muhammad Namadi Sambo. Tsohon Gwamnan jihar kaduna ]]Mohammed Namadi Sambo<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/428652-namadi-sambo-wants-govt-funding-for-private-universities.html?tztc=1</ref> *[[Shehu Sani]] tsohon sanata<ref>https://punchng.com/shehu-sani-slams-wbank-for-advising-nigeria-to-raise-taxes/</ref> *Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi<ref>https://leadership.ng/makarfis-suspension-illegal-pdp/</ref> *[[Uba Sani]] sanata<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/uba-sani-conferred-with-traditional-title-for-his-rural-transformation-initiatives</ref><ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/just-in-governor-uba-sani-bags-2023-leadership-award/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/uba-sani-craving-to-sustain-kaduna-state/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-12-25 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225205408/https://guardian.ng/opinion/uba-sani-craving-to-sustain-kaduna-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Abubakar Gumi]] Malamin Addinin musulunci<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/gumis-extremism-shames-decency</ref> *Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/17/world/africa/17abdulmutallab.html|work=The New York Times|first=Adam|last=Nossiter|title=Lonely Trek to Radicalism for Terror Suspect|date=2010-01-17}}</ref> *[[Tijani Babangida]]<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/18/pfan-will-comply-with-nffs-decision-on-players-union-tijani-babangida/</ref> *[[Celestine Babayaro]] *[[Michael Eneramo]]<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/12/eneramo-can%E2%80%99t-wait-to-move-to-europe/</ref> *Fiona Fullerton *Dahiru Sadi, Dan wasan kwallo<ref>https://leadership.ng/gov-uba-sani-unity-cup-tijani-babangida-appoints-ahmed-lawal-dahiru-sadi-others-as-technical-committee-members/</ref> *[[Adam A Zango]], jarumi a fina finan Hausa<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/kannywood/1518957-in-ka-ji-gangami-da-labari-jarumi-adam-zango-yace-ya-gama-zaman-aure-ya-saki-bidiyo/</ref> *General Mohammed Wushishi<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/499121-general-mohammed-wushishi-nigerias-ex-army-chief-is-dead.html?tztc=1</ref> * sherhk Usman bauchi malamin addini *Col Sani Bello<ref>https://dailytrust.com/the-day-ironsi-died-colonel-sani-bello-his-former-adc/</ref> *[[Mal Muntaqa Usman Bilbis]], malamin addinin musulunci *[[Hon Yusuf Hamisu Abubakar]], mai rago *Sheikh Abubakar Salihu<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2021/08/23/dss-under-fire-for-alleged-inaction-after-cleric-salihu-zaria-threatened-to-kill-christians/</ref>, malamin addinin musulunci ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kaduna}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] {{Template:Jihar Kaduna}} monh4fqqqjosmj0zggtnjax7drvmgw4 967821 967762 2026-10-15T10:50:21Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Addinai */ 967821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Lugard Hall, Kaduna. Parliamentary house of assembly Capital of North Region.jpg|thumb|Lugard Hall, Kaduna.parliamentary house of Assembly capital north region]] [[File:Kaduna State Polytechnic 03.jpg|thumb|Kaduna state polytechnic.03.jpg]] [[File:Kaduna Capital Plaza, Kaduna State Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Kaduna capital plaza]] [[Fayil:Wikidata and Wikipedia in kaduna State 05.jpg|thumb|Wikidata Da Wikipedia a Kaduna State]] [[Fayil:BridgeAduna State 01.jpg|thumb|'''Bridge in Kaduna State''']] [[Fayil:Zaria to Kaduna road before jaji military barrack, Kaduna state.jpg|thumb|Hanyar zariya zuwa kaduna]] '''Jihar Kaduna:''' Wacce ake mata kirari da cibiyar Ilimi, ta samu wannan sunan ne saboda, Allah ya azurta ta da makarantu na Ilimi, Kaduna jihar ce dake a [[Arewacin Najeriya]]. Babbar cibiyar birnin Jihar na da suna Kaduna, wanda ta kasance birnine ne ta 8 mafi girma daga cikin biranen kasar Najeriya. Kamar yadda yake dangane da kiyasin shekarar ta 2006. An kirkiri Jihar Kaduna a shekara ta 7 bayan samun ƴancin kai, an kirkire ta a shekarar ta (1967), da sunan '''Jihar Tsakiyar Arewa''', wadda kuma ta haɗa da [[Jihar Katsina]] ta yanzu, Kaduna ta samu iyakar ta ne a shekarar ta (1987). Kaduna Ita ce jiha ta uku mafi girman ƙasa kuma ta hada da yawan mutane daga cikin sauran [[Jihohin Najeria]], sannan anama Jihar Kaduna laƙabi ko kirari da cibiyan koyon Ilimi (''Centre of Learning'',) saboda ta kasance tana da manyan makarantu na gaba da sakandare masu muhimmanci, kamar su Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Jami'ar Tsaro ta Najeriya da dai sauran su.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Kaduna-Nigeria</ref><ref>"Kaduna | Location, History, & Facts". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.</ref><ref>Breunig, Peter. 2014. Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context: p. 21.</ref><ref>Fagg, Bernard. 1969. Recent work in west Africa: New light on the Nok culture. World Archaeology 1(1): 41–50.</ref> == Asalin in Dasunnan ya fitto == [[File:Nigerian number plate Kaduna.jpg|thumb|Lambar mota ta jahar kaduna]] [[File:Paga Crocodile pond.jpg|alt=Kada|thumb]] Jihar Kaduna ta samo sunan ta Kaduna ne daga kalmar [[kada]], jam<nowiki>'in kalmar Kadduna, sai aka cire harafin ''</nowiki>D" sai ya koma "Kaduna".<ref>"Overview of Kaduna State economy 2002–2008 | Eldis". www.eldis.org. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020</ref> A wani ƙaulin kuma, an ce kalmar ta Kaduna ta samo asali ne daga yaran '''Gwari,''' sun kasance '''Odna''' suna nufin "Kogi" kasancewar kaduna a zagaye take da [[Tafkunan dake daidaita shara|tafkuna]]. Tambarin Jihar Kaduna dai shi ne hoton [[Kada]].<ref>"El-Rufai vows to restore Kaduna to its past glory". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. 5 February 2021. Archived from the original on 16 February 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021</ref><ref>"Kaduna | Location, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.</ref><ref>Shekwo, Joseph Amali (1979). Fundamentals of the Gbagyi Language. Zaria: Centre for Adult Education and Extension Services, Ahmadu Bello University.</ref> ==Tarihi== [[File:Sultan bello bridge 01.jpg|thumb|Gadar masallacin sultan Bello a Kaduna]] [[File:ASC Leiden - NSAG - van Es 10 - 007 - Two women with caps and white headscarves on top - Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria - 18-21 January 1962.tif|thumb|Sarauniya amina lokacin da take mulki]] [[File:Crocodil-du-nil.jpg|alt=Kada|thumb|Crocodile]] A zance mafi inganci ba a san lokacin da mutane suka fara rayuwa ba a yankin Kaduna, amma akan iya tina garin a wasu ma'aunai na [[tarihi]] da suka shuɗe, kuma hakan ya faru ne kasancewar yawan ƙabilun da ke zaune a cikin garin, Hakika birnin ya kafu ne tun kafin zamanin [[Usman dan Fodiyo]] wato tun tale-tale can a shekarun baya, birnin Kaduna ya kasance cibiyar jamhuriyyar Arewa tun daga shekarar ta 1917,<ref>Smith, Bonnie G. (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Oxford University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 9780195148909</nowiki>.</ref><ref>"History Of Kaduna State". Nigeria Zip Codes. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2023</ref> har zuwa shekarar 1967, tarihi ya nuna cewa an mallaka kaduna ne ga masu mulkin mallaka na turawan ƙasar [[Birtaniya]], babban kwamandan yakin mulkin mallaka [[Frederick Lugard]] ya ƙwace Kaduna a shekarar 1897, da shi da sauran yan koransa<ref>"History Of Kaduna State". Nigeria Zip Codes. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2023</ref>. Daga baya kuma suka yi hadin gwuiwa tsakanin Kudancin [[Najeriya]] da kuma [[arewacin Najeriya]] a shekarar ta 914. Wasu daga cikin tsofaffin garuruwan Kaduna sun hada da [[Zaria|Zariya]], [[Kafanchan]] da kuma [[Nok]], wanda wadannan garuruwan tarihi ya kasa riskan farkon garuruwan da tarihinsu tun asali. Garin Zaria shi ne tsohon gari a duk faɗin yankin Kaduna, wanda ake tunanin an kafa garin ne a shekarar ta1536, wanda a wannan lokacin garin baya da suna, amma daga bisani ana kiran garin da sunan diyar wata shahararriyar sarauniya [[(Sarauniya Amina)]] wato Zaria.<ref>Nigeria, Media (13 April 2024). "History of Kaduna State". ''Media Nigeria''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref><ref>"Kalli hotunan bikin cika shekara 100 da kafa Kaduna". BBC Hausa (in Hausa). 17 December 2017. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.</ref>[[File:River Kaduna and Old Railway Bridge, Another View.jpg|thumb|right|Babban Kogin Jihar Kaduna kenan wanda ake tinanin jahar ta samo suna daga gare shi|259x259px]] <br /> == Ƙananan Hukumomi == Jihar Kaduna tana da matuƙar faɗin gaske,<ref>"Gunmen kidnap students in northwest Nigeria, school official says". France 24. 5 July 2021. Archived from the original on 5 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021</ref><ref>"Two flights 'escape' as '200 terrorists' attack Kaduna airport, one dead". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. 27 March 2022. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022</ref> wanda faɗin ƙasar ta ya kai kimanin kilomita 46,053 km<sup>2</sup>, Kaduna ita ce jiha ta Huɗu da ta fi kowacce jiha girman ƙasa, kuma tana da ƙananan hukumomi guda 23, kowacce ƙaramar hukuma ta na da shugaba da ƙananan garuruwa, ƙananan hukomomi su ne kamar haka:<ref>"Many Feared Killed, Others Kidnapped As Bandits Attack Abuja-Kaduna Train". Channels Television. 29 March 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022</ref> [[File:Nigeria_Kaduna_State_map.png|thumb|250px|alt= jihar kaduna| wannan sashin jihar kaduna kenan daga cikin taswirar kasar Najeriya.]] {| class="wikitable" |+ !Adadi !Karamar Hukama !Fadin Kasa !Shuwagabanni |- |1 |[[Birnin Gwari]] | | |- |2 |[[Chikun]] | |- |3 |[[hukumar Giwa]] | | |- |4 |[[Igabi]] | | |- |5 |[[Ikara]] | |Hon Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli |- |6 |[[Jaba]] | | |- |7 |[[Jama'a]] | | |- |8 |[[Kachia]] | | |- |9 |[[Kaduna ta arewa]] | | |- |10 |[[Kaduna ta kudu]] | | |- |11 |[[Kagarko]] | | |- |12 |[[Kajuru]] | | |- |13 |[[Kaura]] | | |- |14 |[[Kauru]] | | |- |15 |[[Kubau]] | |Hon Bashir zuntu |- |16 |[[Kudan]] | | |- |17 |[[Lere]] | | |- |.18 |[[Makarfi]] | | |- |19 |[[Sabon-Gari]] | | |- |20 |[[Sanga]] | | |- |21 |[[Soba]] | | |- |22 |[[Zangon-Kataf]] | | |- |23 |[[Zariya]] | | |} =='''SHUWAGABANNIN KANANAN HUKUMOMI NA JIHAR KADUNA'''== Karamar Hukumar Birnin gwari: (chairman) Hon. Joe Danlami Karamar Hukumar cikon: (chairman) Hon. Musa Musa Bello Karamar Hukumar Giwa: (chairman) Hon. Sani Aliyu Karamar Hukumar Igabi: Hon. Jabir khamis (chairman) Karamar Hukumar Ikara: (chairman) Hon. Ibrahim Muazu Karamar HukumarJema'a: (chairman) Hon. Yusuf Galadima Karamar Hukumar Kaciya: (chairman) Hon Zayyanu Dauda Karamar Hukumar Kaduna ta arewa: (chairman) Hon. Danladi Idris Karamar Hukumar Kaduna ta kudu: (chairman) Hon. Aliyu Idris Karamar Hukumar Kagarko: (chairman) Hon. Ga'anda Adamu Karamar Hukumar Kajuru: (chairman) Hon. Al Hassan Adamu Karamar Hukumar Kaura: (chairman) Hon. Ibrahim Cikosi Karamar Hukumar Kubau: (chairman) Hon. Bashir zuntu Karamar Hukumar kudan: (chairman) Hon. Lawal Tukur Karamar Hukumar Lere: (chairman). Hon Mathew G Kaku Karamar Hukumar Magarfi: (chairman) Hon. Musa Haruna Karamar Hukumar Sabon Gari: (chairman) Hon. Muhammad Usman Karamar Hukumar Sanga: (chairman) Hon. Salisu Nuhu Karamar Hukumar Soba: (chairman) Hon. Umar Abu Karamar Hukumar Zangon Katar: (chairman) Hon. Mairo Dabo Karamar Hukumar Zariya: (chairman) Hon. Aliyu Idris == Mulki == [[File:Kafanchan Peace Declaration Signing Ceremony.png|thumb|Nasir el Rufa'i da gwamna Lalong na jahar plateau ]] A jihar Kaduna, akwai masu mulki daban-daban da suka hada da [[sarakuna]], zababbun shuwagabanni na mulkin [[dimukuradiya]], a '''jihar ta Kaduna''' akwai [[Gwamna]], [[Ƴan Majalisa]], [[ƴan majalisar Dattijai]], da kuma [[Sarakuna]] masu mulkin [[gargajiya]]. Shuwagabanni a bangaren dimukuradiya ana zaben su ne duk bayan shekaru Hudu, su kuma sarakunan gargajiya suna gada ne a wajen iyaye da kakanni, kuma zasu iya yin mulki iya tsawon rayuwar su, amma gwamna yana da cikakken ikon da zai iya cire/nada kowane sarki a jihar sa.<gallery> |Gwamnan Jahar Kaduna, Nasir Ahmad elrufa'i |Sarkin [[Zazzau]] </gallery> ==Dimukuradiya == A jihar Kaduna, akwai gwamna da mataimakin gwamna,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.highcourt.kd.gov.ng/lawal_bello.html |access-date=2020-03-31 |archive-date=2020-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802182702/http://www.highcourt.kd.gov.ng/lawal_bello.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Kaduna_State<br /></ref> kuma wadannan su ne masu cikakken mulki a cikin jihar ta Kaduna, kuma zaben su ake yi a duk bayan shekaru hudu, wanda yanzu haka Mallam [[Uba sani]] shi ne gwamnan jihar Kaduna da kuma [[Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe]] a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar ta Kaduna. A tsarin mulkin dimokuraɗiyya akwai ƴan majalisun jiha masu kula da dokokin jihar da kuma tsarinta, sannan akwai sanatoci uku masu kula da yanki uku na Jihar Kaduna su ne; [[Suleiman Abdu Kwari]], [[Danjuma Laah]] da kuma [[Uba Sani]]. == Mulkin Gargajiya == [[File:Sultan bello bridge 01.jpg|thumb|gadar masallacin sarkin musulmai bello a jahar kaduna]] [[File:Weding ceremony.jpg|thumb|Shehu Idris Sarkin Zazzau]] Akwai sarakuna da hakimai a kowanne karamar hukuma da kuma gunduma, amman da manyan sarakunan gargajiya su ne kamar haka; Sarkin Zazzau [[Shehu Idris]], sarkin [[Birnin gwari]], sarkin [[Nok]] da kuma sarkin [[Kafanchan]], wadannan sarakunan suna da ka'idojin salan mulki ga iya mutanan su kadai, sannan gwamnan jahar yana da cikakken ikon da zai sauke su ya daura wanda yake so.[[File:Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg|thumb|Left|173x173px|alt= Tambarin kasar Hausa|Wannan tambarin kasar Hausa kenan. Kaduna tana daya daga cikin jahohin Hausa.]] == Kabilu == Jahar Kaduna jaha ce mai tarin al’adu da ire-iren abinci daban-daban Kamar haka: #Hausawa #Fulani #Gwarawa #Katafawa #Birom da dai sauran *.Ire iren abinci: Tuwon masara da na dawa,da na gero da dan wake da dambu da fate da doya da dankalin Hausa da rogo da koko da dai sauran su. == Addinai == Addinai biyu sune manyan addinan jahar Kaduna, wato addinin [[Musulunci]] da kuma addinin [[kiristanci]], kasancewar addinai ne manya akwai alaka mai tsami a tsakaninsu musamman a shekara ta dubu biyu 2000 zuwa shekarar 2001 an samu rikicin [[addini]] a jahar kaduna a bisa dalilin sharia'ar Musulunci da musulmai sukai kokarin assasawa amma sai aka samu rashin jituwa da kiristoci wai suna tsammanin in har shari'ar musulunci ta kafu, to suma zai shafesu shi yasa suka ki amincewa a dalilin haka rikici ya balle inda aka samu asarar rayuka da dimbin dukiya mai tarin yawa, bayan haka akasa [[Mutane]] 1000 suka rasa rayukansu. Bayan haka an kara samun rikicin addini a shekarar 2002 amma a halin yanzu akwai zamantakewa mai karfi tsakanin addinan guda biyu. == Musulunci == <gallery> File:Sultan bello mosque by Anasskoko 08.jpg|Daya cikin Masallatan Hausawa dake cikin garin [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] File:Sultan bello mosque 03.jpg|Hasumiyar masallacin Sultan Bello File:Sultan bello mosque by Anasskoko 03.jpg|Masallacin da yamma </gallery> File: sultan bello mosque by Anasskoko 03.jpg\masallacin da yamma ==Ilimi== ==Ilimin Zamani == A fagen [[Ilmi]] kaduna ce cibiyar ilimi a arewacin [[Najeriya]] kaduna ce cibiyar makarantar horar da jami'an tsaro ta kasa wato ''Nigeria Defence Academy'' an kafata ne tun a shekarar 1964. Sai kuma babbar makarantar kimiyya da fasaha dake kaduna, wato ''Kaduna Polytechnic'' an kafa ta ne a shekarar ta 1968, sai kuma [[jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] dake [[Zariya]] ita kuma ta kafu a shekarar 1962.Bayan haka akwai Jami'ar jahar Kaduna (kasu) da ''Nuhu bamalli polytechnic Zaria'' da college of education gidan waya da dai sauran manyan cibiyoyin ilimi. Lallai kaduna [[duniya]] ce ta [[ilmi]] wannan dalilin ne yasa kaduna tayi fice a jahohin [[Nigeria]] ta ko'ina ana barkowa daga sassa daban-daban na [[Najeriya]] ana wajajeu n neman ilimi a jahar ta kaduna domin ita jahar kaduna ta bambanta da sauran jahohin [[Arewacin Najeriya]]. ==Jadawalin manyan makarantu == *[[Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna]] *Kwalejin Horar da Manyan Jami'an Soja ''Nigerian Defence Academy''' (NDA), Kaduna *Jami'ar ''Greenfield University'' Kaduna * Kwalejin share fagen shiga jami'a wato ''National Open University of Nigeria''. Kaduna. *''Air Force Institute of Technology'', Kaduna * Kwalejin horar da malamai ''National Teachers Institute'' (NTI), Kaduna * Kwalejin unguwar-zoma ''School of Midwifery Kaduna'' * ''Kaduna Polytechnic'' (a shekarar 1968), Kaduna * Hukumar kula da ilimin addinin Musulunci da harshen Larabci *''Kaduna Business School''. ==Ilimin Addini == A cikin jahar kaduna ana karantar da ilimin [[addini]] matuka, cibiyar [[addini]] na bangaren [[Izala]], [[shi'a]], [[Ɗariƙar Tijjaniya]] da [[salafiyya]] duka suna cikin garin '''jahar kaduna'''[[File:Zaria Friday Mosque.jpg|thumb|Wani masallacin juma'a na ginin al'ada a zaria kaduna]] [[File:Jamaatul nasril islam headquaters kaduna nigeria - panoramio.jpg|thumb|ginin zamani na hedikwatar Jama'atul nasril Islam kaduna]][[File:Hotel in Kaduna 01.jpg|thumb|wani ginin hotal na zamani a kaduna]] == Wasanni == Akwai dandalin [[Murtala Square|Murtala Mohammed Square]] inda ake wasanni da kuma motsa jiki, a ciki akwai [[Kaduna Polo Club ]]da kuma [[Kaduna Golf Club]] kuma akwai sitadiyam mai suna [[Ahmadu Bello Stadium|Ahmadu Bello Stadiyam]] da [[Ranchers Bees Stadium|Ranchers Bees Stadiyam]] == Sadarwa == == '''Kafofin yada labarai (Talabijin)''' == * [[Nigerian Television Authority Kaduna (NTA)]] * Kaduna State Media Corporation TV (KSTV) * Desmims Independent Television (DITV) * Liberty TV ==Kafofin yada labarai (Gidan Rediyo) == A.M masu nisan zango sun hada da: * 639 MW – Kada 1 (KSMC) * 747 MW – Nagarta Radio * 594 MW – FRCN (Hausa), Kaduna * 1107 MW – FRCN (English), Kaduna F.M masu matsakaicin zango sun hada da: * Brila FM * Kada 2 FM, Kaduna (KSMC) * Capital Sounds FM, Kaduna (KSMC) * Liberty Radio (English) Kaduna * Karama FM, Kaduna (FRCN) * Freedom Radio FM, Kaduna * Supreme FM, Kaduna (FRCN)<ref>https://dailytrust.com/frcn-stations-battling-for-survival/</ref> * Alheri Radio FM, Kaduna * Invicta FM, Kaduna * Liberty Radio (Hausa) Kaduna * Ray Power FM Kaduna *Vision FM ==Tattalin arziki == Kaduna cibiya ce ta masana'antun arewa, kamar masana'antar [[karafa]], [[masaka]],[[matatar man fetur ta ƙasa]], ginin tukwane, Kaduna garine wanda ake [[kasuwanci]] kasancewar yawan mutane da kuma cunkosa, akwai kasuwanni dayawa a cikin garin kaduna,galibi ma kusan kowanne anguwa a cikin babban birnin kaduna tana da kasuwan ta. == Masana'antu == A cikin kaduna akwai babban kampanin matatan mai, me suna [[kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company]] ('''KRPC'''),wanda daya ne daga cikin manyan kampanonin matatan mai da'ake dasu a [[Najeriya]] <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nnpcgroup.com/Refining/Pages/KRPC.aspx|title=Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC)|website=www.nnpcgroup.com|access-date=2019-08-01|archive-date=2019-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627142425/https://www.nnpcgroup.com/Refining/Pages/KRPC.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kasuwanni == Jahar tana da manyan kasuwanni kaman su kusuwan [[kasuwar sheikh Abubakar gumi]],[[fanteka]],[[kasuwar chechenia]], [[kasuwan magani]],[[kasuwar kawo]], [[kasuwar bacci]],[[kasuwan tudun wadan zaria]]. == Sufuri == Babbar hanyar data ratsa ta cikin gari ana kiranta '''Ahmadu Bello way.''' Kaduna tanada babbar kasuwa wadda aka gina tun a shekarun 1990s bayan ta fuskanci mahaukaciyar gobara. Acikin garin kaduna akwai hanyoyin jiragen kasa wadda ake sufuri daga kaduna zuwa wasu sassan Najeriya. == Jiragen kasa == Akwai hanyoyin layin dogo na jiragen kasa wadanda aka gina tun a watan satumba shekarar alif 2009 mai nisan tazarar kilomita 1,435 mm (4ft 81/2) zuwa babban birnin tarayya [[Abuja]].<ref name="muhammad2016">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/general/a-memorable-trip-on-the-abuja-kaduna-train/156469.html|title=A memorable trip on the Abuja-Kaduna train|last1=Muhammad|first1=Hamisu|date=23 July 2016|work=Daily Trust}}</ref><gallery> File:Railway track.jpg|Titin jirgin kasa a Kaduna </gallery> ==Jiragen sama == [[File:Chanchangi Airlines BAC 1-11 Makinde-1.jpg|thumb|Chanchangi Airlines na jihar kaduna]] bayan haka akwai filayen jiragen sama guda biyu wato [[Filin Jirgin Saman Jihar kaduna]] da kuma filin jirgin sama na chanchangi wato [[Chanchangi Airlines]] wadda ake sufuri daga jahar zuwa jaha ko daga Nigeria zuwa kasashen ketare. == Sufurin motoci == Jahar kaduna tana da hukumar dake kula da tafiye-tafiye a fannoni sifirin motoci, wacce ak kira da '''KSTA.'''<gallery> File:Night mode Transportation.jpg|Cikin garin Kaduna da daddare File:Bus at badarawa bus stop.jpg|Motar haya a tashar NDA Badarawa . File:Ahmadu Bello way.jpg|Babban hanyar data ratsa cikin garin Kaduna mai suna Ahmadu Bello Way. File:Green car2.jpg|Motar kwashe shara dan tsaftace cikin garin Kaduna </gallery>. ==Wuraren bude ido== <ref>learn about kaduna. [http://ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/kaduna.htm Learn about kaduna state] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221123050/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/kaduna.htm |date=2015-02-21 }}.</ref> * Lugard Hall * Government Monument Bridge * General Hassan park * Man-made kaduna * Nok Terra Cotta * Nok Village * Cultural kaduna * National museum * Jakaranda pottery * kaduna souvenir ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Kaduna River in kaduna state Nigeria.jpg|Kogin Kaduna File:Water fall in Kafancha Kaduna State.jpg|Koramar ruwa a Kafanchan File:Matsirga Water fall Madakiya.jpg|Koramar Matsirga File:Kamuku National Park kaduna State Nigeria.jpg|Wajen bufe ido na Kamuku Kaduna File:Ahmadu bello university senate.jpg|ABU Zaria File:Ten Storey Kaduna5.jpg|Ginin ::Ten Storey'' a Ahmadu Bello File:Flower of kaduna 02.jpg|Muhimmiyar Fulawa a Kaduna File:Kajuru Castle.jpg|Sansanin Kajuru </gallery> ==Sanannun mutane mazauna kaduna== *[[File:Namadi Sambo.jpg|thumb|Arc Muhammad Namadi Sambo. Tsohon Gwamnan jihar kaduna ]]Mohammed Namadi Sambo<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/428652-namadi-sambo-wants-govt-funding-for-private-universities.html?tztc=1</ref> *[[Shehu Sani]] tsohon sanata<ref>https://punchng.com/shehu-sani-slams-wbank-for-advising-nigeria-to-raise-taxes/</ref> *Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi<ref>https://leadership.ng/makarfis-suspension-illegal-pdp/</ref> *[[Uba Sani]] sanata<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/uba-sani-conferred-with-traditional-title-for-his-rural-transformation-initiatives</ref><ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/just-in-governor-uba-sani-bags-2023-leadership-award/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/uba-sani-craving-to-sustain-kaduna-state/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-12-25 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225205408/https://guardian.ng/opinion/uba-sani-craving-to-sustain-kaduna-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Abubakar Gumi]] Malamin Addinin musulunci<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/gumis-extremism-shames-decency</ref> *Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/17/world/africa/17abdulmutallab.html|work=The New York Times|first=Adam|last=Nossiter|title=Lonely Trek to Radicalism for Terror Suspect|date=2010-01-17}}</ref> *[[Tijani Babangida]]<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/18/pfan-will-comply-with-nffs-decision-on-players-union-tijani-babangida/</ref> *[[Celestine Babayaro]] *[[Michael Eneramo]]<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/12/eneramo-can%E2%80%99t-wait-to-move-to-europe/</ref> *Fiona Fullerton *Dahiru Sadi, Dan wasan kwallo<ref>https://leadership.ng/gov-uba-sani-unity-cup-tijani-babangida-appoints-ahmed-lawal-dahiru-sadi-others-as-technical-committee-members/</ref> *[[Adam A Zango]], jarumi a fina finan Hausa<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/kannywood/1518957-in-ka-ji-gangami-da-labari-jarumi-adam-zango-yace-ya-gama-zaman-aure-ya-saki-bidiyo/</ref> *General Mohammed Wushishi<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/499121-general-mohammed-wushishi-nigerias-ex-army-chief-is-dead.html?tztc=1</ref> * sherhk Usman bauchi malamin addini *Col Sani Bello<ref>https://dailytrust.com/the-day-ironsi-died-colonel-sani-bello-his-former-adc/</ref> *[[Mal Muntaqa Usman Bilbis]], malamin addinin musulunci *[[Hon Yusuf Hamisu Abubakar]], mai rago *Sheikh Abubakar Salihu<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2021/08/23/dss-under-fire-for-alleged-inaction-after-cleric-salihu-zaria-threatened-to-kill-christians/</ref>, malamin addinin musulunci ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kaduna}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] {{Template:Jihar Kaduna}} lvslu24q0vbdh7xntmekf435ueakcja Hamada 0 3676 967556 966945 2026-10-14T13:44:54Z Mahuta 11340 967556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Nebelbank_in_der_Wüste_Namib_bei_Aus_(2018).jpg|thumb|Haushi daga Tekun Atlantika ya sauya kilomita 100 zuwa gabas zuwa Namib-Desert zuwa Aus&nbsp;<br /><templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|39|01|S|016|14|36|E}}]] '''hamada''' mai hazo wani nau'in hamada ne inda hazo ke samar da mafi yawan danshi da ake buƙata ga dabbobi da shuke-shuke. Misalan hamadar hazo sun haɗa da hamadar Atacama ta bakin teku [[Chile]] da [[Peru]]; hamadar Baja California ta [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]]; hamadar Namib a [[Namibiya|Namibia]]; <ref name="Mares" /> hamadar hazo ta bakin teku ta Larabawa; da kuma misali da mutum ya yi a cikin Biosphere 2, wani rufe yanayin halittu na wucin gadi a [[Arizona]]. [[File:Fog_desert_Lima_and_Trujillo,_Peru.jpg|thumb|Yankin hamada tsakanin [[Lima]] da [[Trujillo|Trujillo, Peru]]. Ana iya ganin tsaunukan [[Andes]], waɗanda hazo ya rufe su, a bango.]] == Kafawa == [[Danshi|Rashin zafi]] a cikin iska mai hazo yana sama da 95%.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Deserts3">{{cite book|last1=Norte|first1=Federico|title=Encyclopedia of Deserts|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-3146-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3CbqZtaF4oC|year=1999}}</ref>Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya samar da hazo a cikin hamada shine ta hanyar hulɗar iska mai zafi (kamar yadda aka kafa a sama da ruwa mai dumi) tare da wani abu mai sanyi, kamar dutse.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Meigs|first1=Peveril|title=Geography of Coastal Deserts|publisher=UNESCO|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000691/069122eo.pdf}}</ref>Lokacin da iska mai dumi ta buge abubuwa masu sanyi, ana samar da hazo ta hanyar kwantar da ruwa mai narkewa. Wata hanyar da hazo ke faruwa a cikin hamada tana faruwa ne lokacin da hamada ke kusa da teku wanda ke da sanyi. Lokacin da iska ta yi zafi a kan ƙasar hamada kuma ta hura zuwa ga ruwan sanyi a cikin teku, sai ta taru kuma ta zama hazo. Sa'an nan kuma iska ta teku ta hura hazo mai sanyi a cikin ƙasa. Ana samar da hazo da sassafe ko bayan faɗuwar rana.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Meigs|first1=Peveril|title=Geography of Coastal Deserts|publisher=UNESCO|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000691/069122eo.pdf}}</ref> Canje-canje masu tsanani a tsawo kamar tsaunuka suna ba da damar iskar teku ta zauna a takamaiman yankuna, wanda shine halayyar gama gari a cikin hamada.<ref name="Rundel 493–505">{{Cite journal |last=Rundel |first=Philip W. |last2=Mahu |first2=Manuel |date=1976-01-01 |title=Community Structure and Diversity in a Coastal Fog Desert in Northern Chile |journal=Flora |volume=165 |issue=6 |pages=493–505 |bibcode=1976FMDFE.165..493R |doi=10.1016/S0367-2530(17)31888-1}}</ref> Dutsen [[Andes]] wanda ke gudana a bakin tekun Pacific na Kudancin Amurka ya raba [[Chile]] da [[Peru]] zuwa yankuna na ciki da na bakin teku, kuma kusanci da teku tare da canji mai tsawo (kuma ta haka ne zafin jiki) yana ba da damar hazo ya zama tare da bakin tekun Pacifique kuma ya samar da danshi ga hamada mai bushewa. Yankin hamada na Atacama, hamada mafi bushewa a duniya, yana da alamun [[Lomas]], wuraren da hazo ke taruwa a kan gangaren tsaunuka kusa da teku kuma yana haifar da "muguwa" tare da yawan nau'ikan shuke-shuke da dabbobi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-03 |title=Yungay – the driest place in the world {{!}} Wondermondo |url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/SA/Chile/Antofagasta/Yungay.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315062440/http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/SA/Chile/Antofagasta/Yungay.htm |archive-date=2013-03-15 |access-date=2017-05-06 |website=www.wondermondo.com |language=en}}</ref> Shuke-shuke na shuke-shuka ya bambanta sosai, daga ɗaukar hoto har zuwa 50% a cikin yankunan da suka fi hazo zuwa kusan kusan rashin rayuwar shuke- shuke-tsuke sama da layin hazo.<ref name="Rundel 493–505" /> A cikin hamadar hazo mai bushewa tare da ƙananan matakan hazo, hazo yana ba da danshi da ake buƙata don ci gaban noma. Bambancin zafi a ko'ina cikin rana da lokutan a cikin yankin hamada yana ƙarfafa ci gaban bambancin nau'ikan shuke-shuke da halaye irin su succulents, nau'ukan deciduous, da bishiyoyi masu katako. == Muhalli == Nau'uka da ke cikin hamadar hazo sun dogara kusan gaba ɗaya akan ruwan da ke cikin hazo don tsira. Wannan ya haifar da ci gaba da sauye-sauye daban-daban na tsari da halayyar kwayoyin halitta don tattara ruwa.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Deserts2">{{cite book|last1=Norte|first1=Federico|title=Encyclopedia of Deserts|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-3146-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3CbqZtaF4oC|year=1999}}</ref>Kwango na Stenocara, wanda ke zaune a cikin hamadar Namib, yana hawa kan yashi lokacin da iska mai laushi ke hurawa daga teku don samun damar ruwan da ke cikin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Museum Australia |url=http://www.nma.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/19421/Extremes_desert_science.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020061654/https://www.nma.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/19421/Extremes_desert_science.pdf |archive-date=2019-10-20 |access-date=2017-11-25 |website=Extremes: Survival in the Great Deserts of the Southern Hemisphere |publisher=National Museum of Australia}}</ref> Misali na tsire-tsire da ke daidaitawa da yanayin hamada shine nau'in ''Welwitschia'' wanda kuma ke girma a cikin hamadar Namib kuma yana girma kawai ganye biyu ta hanyar rayuwarsa. Shafuka suna da manyan pores don taimakawa shi shan ruwa daga hazo da ke tasowa a kansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cooper-Driver |first=Gillian A. |year=1994 |title=''Welwitschia mirabilis''—A Dream Come True |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/42954456 |journal=Arnoldia |volume=54 |pages=2–10 |doi=10.5962/p.258485 |jstor=42954456 |access-date=8 June 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mutanen da ke zaune a Namib sun dogara da dabarun [[Tarihin hazo|tattara ruwa daga hazo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Museum Australia |url=http://www.nma.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/19421/Extremes_desert_science.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020061654/https://www.nma.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/19421/Extremes_desert_science.pdf |archive-date=2019-10-20 |access-date=2017-11-25 |website=Extremes: Survival in the Great Deserts of the Southern Hemisphere |publisher=National Museum of Australia}}</ref> Ana haɓaka fasahohi da yawa don taimakawa wajen cire ruwa daga iska ta hamada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Made for Minds |url=http://www.dw.com/en/why-life-thrives-in-the-foggy-namib-desert/a-39622196 |website=DW}}</ref> Masu girbi na hazo suna fuskantar ci gaba bisa ga lura da daidaitawar wasu daga cikin halittu a cikin hamadar hazo kamar kwari na Stenocara. Na'urorin da ake haɓaka don cire ruwa daga hamadar iska suna amfani da lu'ulu'u na ƙarfe-organic don kamawa da riƙe kwayoyin ruwa lokacin da aka fallasa su ga iska da dare. Da safe, ana yanke iskar iska kuma ruwan da aka tattara da dare da ya gabata ana narke shi ta hanyar hasken rana sannan a kwantar da shi cikin ruwa mai ruwa lokacin da ya bug mai sanyayawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Robert |date=2017-04-13 |title=This new solar-powered device can pull water straight from the desert air |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/new-solar-powered-device-can-pull-water-straight-desert-air |website=science mag}}</ref>   == Bayanan da aka ambata == f9mm1mbnqqxjujwe2xv2z5gw38q0bkd Tattaunawar user:Ammarpad 3 6214 967635 967087 2026-10-14T19:56:43Z ~2026-55218-62 50057 /* Massi */ sabon sashe 967635 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa == Hi, Welcome on the Hausa Wikipedia. Sorry that this message is in English - we are very few editors here and most of us speak only basic/survival Hausa... so I'm very glad to see that someone who speaks fluently has just arrived. Wishing you a good time contributing to this project (please spread the news around you, since it needs more Hausa speakers!), --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:30, 12 Agusta 2017 (UTC) :Nagode [[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], Zanyi kokari in jawo mutane don mu inganta [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. :Thank you [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], I will try to draw more people to help develop this [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:47, 10 Satumba 2017 (UTC) ::Congratulations on your recent edits! I just wanted to ask if you had received my email from last week (there is a project in order to promote Wikipedia among Hausa speakers that I would like to talk you about), and if not, at which email address I could reach out to you. Thanks a lot, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:03, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) :::Thanks Don. I have received it, and I will reply you there –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:23, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ::::I replied. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:48, 6 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) :Hello, iam jalamcy2023 by name iam also a participant of Wikipedia, I used to edits in wikis, so iam try to filled the data support form but it refuse to open for me I don't no what's wrong, and I need the data because I don't have money to buy, please I need your help, so that I should continue my work in Wikipedia, I really enjoyed working with you. Thanks [[User:Jalamcy2023|Jalamcy2023]] ([[User talk:Jalamcy2023|talk]]) 14:28, 12 Satumba 2023 (UTC) :samaan :Hausa :@[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39981-47|&#126;2026-39981-47]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39981-47|talk]]) 13:46, 16 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Help == I am Hausa by tribe,and I am interested to start editing and creating some page need ur help don Camilo and ammar,sorry nt gud in speaking English. [[User:Slmdbr|Slmdbr]] ([[User talk:Slmdbr|talk]]) 15:20, 21 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ==Translation of three sentences== Dear Ammarpad, I hope this finds you well. [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] posted this request on my talk page, but sadly my Hausa is too weak to translate it correctly. Maybe you will be able to help him? Thanks a lot, kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 12:29, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) We are working on an offline distribution system for Wikipedia in Nigeria. Am needing help with the translation of the three sentences '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Internet-in-a-Box/Nigeria#Hausa here]'''. Wondering if you can help. Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 11:48, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) *@Doc James and DonCamillo. I have translated it. I will also send someone to translate the Igbo, if no one did. Thank you all. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 00:01, 15 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) :Thanks a lot! :) --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC) == Facebook page == Dear Ammar, Just to mention that I have just created a Facebook page regarding the Hausa Wikipedia, in order to get more interest from Hausa-speaking people: you're welcome if you want to like it or share it with your friends: [https://www.facebook.com/HausaWikipedia/ Hausa Wikipedia] Thanks a lot, Kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC) :Thanks a lot. I have seen it, will share too. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:48, 8 Maris 2018 (UTC) == Neman Admin == Barka dai Mr.Ammarpad, Ina da matukar sha'awa sosai na taimaka a wannan shafin na hausa Wikipedia. Ni Bahaushe ne kuma ina gane Turanci, na fassara makaloli da dama daga Turanci Zuwa Hausa sabo da haka ne nake nema wannan shafin ya bani Admin domin karin tallafawa sosai. Nagode [[Abubakar A Gwanki]] :[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]] Naji dadin kasancewar ka bahaushe anan. Kasan babu Hausawa da yawa da zamu gina shi. Amma akwai shirye-shiryen da akeyi na farfado da it's. A wane gari kake zaune? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:27, 11 Mayu 2018 (UTC) ::Mr.Ammarpad ina zaune ne a kauyen [[Gwanki]] na karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a jihar [[Kano]] Najeriya. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]]. :::OK, da kwai shirin taro na musamman da ake fatan yi a Kano domin fadada wannan Wikipedia da kuma sawa dalibai suyi rubuta a nan, zan nemeka in sha Allah. Kuma idan ka gama rubuta bayani a shafin tattaunawa (kamar nan da muke magana) kawai ka rubuta (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) guda hudu, banda bracket din, to zaka ga sunan ka, da kwanan wata, ya fito da kanshi. Kamar yadda zaka ga nawa a kasa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:05, 12 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == [[AuwalAzare]] == This page can be deleted (again), apparently. [[User:PlyrStar93|PlyrStar93]] ([[User talk:PlyrStar93|talk]]) 04:16, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :[[User:PlyrStar93|PlyStar93]]. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 04:47, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == Auwal Azare == Barla dai malam Ammarpad, Wanda ya kirkiri wannan makalar ta '''Auwal Azare''' ya tubtubeni game da yadda za'ayi unblocking nashi. Idan da yadda za'ayi to a taimaka. Nagode AAgwanki 16:16, 19 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Gwanki]] Bani na yi blocking din shi ba. Daga can babban shafin [[Special:CentralAuth/Auwall|Meta da Wikifidiya ta Truranci]] akayi blocking din shi. Sannn '''ka daina kirkirar article akan shi''', ci gaba da yin hakan za iya ja yayi blocking dinka. Wikipedia ba wurin talla bane, kuma ba kowa ake rubuta ma tarihi ba sai sannanun mutane na hakika irin yan siyasa da makamantansu. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:30, 21 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == help == Please how to add reference and make template on Hausa articles. It's hard to me. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 07:39, 22 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]]: Yanzu babu template din anan sai an dauko su daga Wikipedia ta turanci. Amma idan kana son ka fiddo reference kawai kasa '''<nowiki><ref> .......</ref> </nowiki>''' a karshen bayanin zaka ga reference din ya fito a kasa kamar haka (<ref>misali</ref>). Inda ka ga nasa dash (....) sai ka sa link din bayanin wato kamar BBC Hausa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:54, 25 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == Databox == Hi Ammar, Well done on the translation of technical messages, I had started this a long time ago but you are way better than me at this! By the way, I have started to translate Wikidata properties into Hausa. This can be useful because since recently there is a new tool called Databox: it allows, with very simple code, to have an infobox with a lot of useful information on many articles: I have created [[Napoleon]] to give an example. As you can see all the properties are not translated yet into Hausa. It can enable us to create thousands of stubs here on the Hausa Wikipedia (or just add an infobox to the existing articles). I have put some on [[User:DonCamillo|my userpage]], you can translate them here if you want, or translate them directly on Wikidata if you are familiar with the "labels" system. Have a great day! Best regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 06:11, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC) :You're welcome {{@|DonCamillo}}, I will look into them and do the appropriate thing. By the way, I am working on new, more intuitive [[Wikipedia:Sabon babban shafi|main page here]], you can have a look and tweak as deem fit. You'll find some templates like [[Template:Articles needed|this]] and [[Template:Invite|this]] are transcluded, so they can be edited independent of main page. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 19:12, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC) == Reason for deletion of the article Abubakar A Gwanki == I have created many articles here in Hausa language Wikipedia, I didn't see anyone deleted but only one article of "Abubakar A Gwanki" why is being deleted? Nasan Dai dukkan makalolin da na kirkira shima kamar sauran ne amma kuma sai shi kadai ne naga ka goge shi. __ [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 17:14, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC) :{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} Ina so in tabbatar ma abun da kake yi a Hausa Wikipedia kana kokari, kuma ina fatan ka ida fahimtar ta baki daya. Na dauki number wayarka zan neme ka mu tattauna abubuwa da dama. Amma ka daina kirkirar mukala akanka ko wani abokinka. Mukalar insakulofidiya ana rubuta ta ne kawai akan mutane fitatattu na gaskiya. Shiya sa kaga aka goge [[:en:Abubakar A Gwanki|abunda ka rubuta a Wikipedia ta turanci]]. Na gode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:38, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC) == Translation request == Hello! May I ask you for a translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' into {{#language:ha}}? Thanks [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 18:23, 20 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) :Will do that on translatewiki –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:05, 26 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) ::It is not a MediaWiki message; just my own request. [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 19:43, 27 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) == Neman taimako Daga Abdulmalik mansur sharif == Assalamu alaikum Ammarpad, Sunana abdulmalik mansur sharif a garin kano nake ni dalibi ne maison bincike, karance-karance da kuma rubutu musamman sanin tarihi dan Allah inaso a bani dama kuma asakani a hanya nayi wasu rubutun ta yadda zan anfanar da al'ummar hausawa, nadanyi wani Karin bayani akan tarihi Michael Jackson zaku iya dubawa Ku gani Dan Allah. Ina data zaku taimakeni. :Sannu da zuwa {{@|Ameer Maleek}} na duba gyaran da kayi kuma nayi farin ciki. A halin yanzu da kwai hausawa yan kadan a shafin, ina fatan zaka ci gaba da ziyartar shi lokaci lokaci. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:56, 7 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) == Godiya == Na gode in Allah ya yarda zanci gaba da bada gudun mowa Dari bisa dari kuma Dan idan kuna da wata kungiya inaso nazama member saboda na kara kwarewa Na kuma samu Karin ilimi da kuma hanyar da zan inganta rubuce rubuce Na. Na gode :{{@|Ameer Maleek}} OK, ka ban numbarka ta waya, zan neme ka. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 13 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) aslm wai wannan malamin yana ina azaune Lamba: 08160956607 Gari: kano Nigeria == [[Kira]] == Hi Ammarpad, sorry for writing in English. An IP has blanked the page above, do you think it was correct? If it was we can delete it. Regards [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[User talk:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 05:58, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC) :Hi {{@|DARIO SEVERI}} I have restored it and will develop it very soon. It is useful stub about [[:en:Blacsmith|Blacksmithing]]. Thank you. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 06:39, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC) == David oyedepo == Wanene crista == WAM 2018 == Salam Ammarpad, Bansan ko zaka shiga cikin wannan gasar ba, amma idan kanada sha'awa zaka iya shiga, ka duba Karin bayani anan [[Wikipedia:Watan Yan'Asiya]]. Nagode. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 21:24, 8 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC) == Hausa Wikimedians User Group == Hello! [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] I would like to let you know that I have started our Hausa editors community user group [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] in order to have a connected and collaborative working environment, that would serve as a primary place for co-ordinating of activities that would support us all in our editing and order related endeavors to improve and make quality contents of the Wikimedia projects. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 12:39, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) :Thanks {{@|The Living love}}, I will take a look. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:26, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) Hello {{@|Ammarpad}}, I'm sorry for contacting you here lately but I've sent you a message through WhatsApp earlier. I've spoken with {{@|DonCamillo}} regarding the application for recognition of our UG Hausa Wikimedians as I earlier told you about, and he's given 100% support for it. I hope to hear from you after seeing my messages. Thanks [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:32, 8 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) :Hello [[user:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], as I told you, the [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] is already on recognition process with the affiliation Committee of the '''WMF''', but the changes you've made just recently has changed everything in the application form we sent, and this has affected the mission which is very crucial. Please let us adhere to the previous name and design of the group. I would also start a discussion on the home page of the project on how we can select boards and audit committee for the group. As founding members I, you and [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]]'s email were all sent to the AffCom committee and I hope they would certainly contact you. If permitted I can undo all the changes or you do it yourself, and if otherwise please let me know. Thanks -[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 02:55, 13 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) ::Zanyi reply ta WhatsApp. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:35, 14 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) :Slm [[user:Ammarpad|Ammar]] na maka magana ta whatsapp da email, dangane da message din da AffCom suka dawo dashi. Yanzu bansan me zaka ce ba.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:28, 7 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) ::Nayi reply. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:49, 8 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) == Moustapha == Hakananna sai nayi nazari == I-mel == Sannu! Na turo maka sakon I-mel. Na gode. [[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis|Engr Muhammad Khamis]] ([[User talk:Engr Muhammad Khamis|talk]]) 09:11, 10 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) narda == Gyara == Barka da rana! Ina son Na ankarar da admins wata matsala da na gano ta a wannan shafin. Matsalar kuwa itace mu masu amfani da wayoyi wajen editing wannan shafin baya bude mana a Babban Shafi (desktop version), Idan da mai yiwuwa to a gyara. - [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 11:56, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) :{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} OK, ina ganin wannan haka site din yake ne. Yanzu kaga nima ina kan wayar hannu ne, in kana son komawa desktop version, saidai ka latsa "Babban shafi" da kanka, zaka ga wurin a can kasan kowane shafi. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:08, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) == gidanhaki == Gidanhaki dai shiya ce mai din bin tarifi ta kafune tun da zuwan shehu uthaman bin fodiyo allah shi yarda dashi izuwa kawo yanzu sai dai karin suna datakeyi a sassa daban daban da fannin muhammad sani gidanhaki Slm ammarpad dan allah inaso na kirkiri shafuka na hausa Assalam == Kwankwaso,s wife == Kwankwaso,s wife == Various requests == Hello, Could you please: *Replace the [[MediaWiki:Common.css|Hausa wiki css]] with the [[:en:MediaWiki:Common.css|english wiki css]]. It fixes, amongst others, the position of the infoboxes. *Delete these two pages: [[Template:Wikibase]], [[Module:Wikibase]]. *Edit these localization pages (Just modify the values on the right hand side): **[[Template:Infobox biography/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/basketball/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/football/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/tennis/localize]]. Thanks. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 18:23, 15 Mayu 2019 (UTC) == Alijos A Shehu == Sunan DUNiYA == Ibrahim kabiru gagarawa == Ina Neman yadda zan bude account na Wikipedia :{{@| 197.210.47.39}} Ka shiga [[Special:CreateAccount]]. Ko kuma ka tura man sunanka da email ta email dina <code>ammar@wikimedia.org.ng</code>. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:04, 13 ga Yuni, 2019 (UTC) == Muhamadu == Salm YA AKEBUDE EMAIL == yusuf == Ibrahim == sa idu musa == riji yan gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu kano == sa idu musa rijiya gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu IP == Yayi daidai kobaiyiba awayar mindakai == 88465702 == Kaka ari == layisantara == lawal ninazauna awurare dabandaba naungowa natashi dagabayan garin daura sunwajan gari shadam bu == Aslm barkan'mu da warhaka ina mana patan alkhairi baki daya yan uwana musilmai == Ina godiya ga allah daya bamu damar yadda damu kasance atare da juna == babani == 112202 == Translation == I want to know if I can translate a Wikipedia article from 'English Wikipedia' to 'Hausa Wikipedia'. If yes, I want to know more about it. Thanks. == ibraheem Adamu gumel jigawa state == barkanku DA fatan kuna lafeeya I want be among members of this organization wannni yafara shugaban kasa a nejire == Neman taimako == Barkanku da aiki, ni sunana ABDULMALIK MANSUR ina zaune a garin kano nayi rijista da wannan shafi ne domin nima na bada gudunmowa. Dan Allah ina bukatar shawarwarinku da kuma taimakon ku na gode. Godiya [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 17:25, 13 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC) :Yawwa {{@|Maliky}} Barka da zuwa, kamar dame dame kake bukatar ka sani? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:31, 16 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC) Kamar yadda ake yin table da kuma saka hoto. [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 11:41, 14 Satumba 2020 (UTC) == Muhammad Huwaidahu sufi == Facebook Wkslm lafiya kalau == 0852 == Aa == Aliyu iliyasu dangada == Nima inaso nabada gudummawa sosai Dan kara bunkasa yaren hausa innasamu damar hakan dukda ba sosai nake fashintar turanciba amma ina ganeshi misali wasu kalmomi da zamuso agyagygyara kuma muna munna da akasamar da wannan shafin muna jinjina maka matuka very good, [[Special:Contributions/105.112.25.48|105.112.25.48]] 10:00, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) :Yawwa yayi kyau, kuma muna maraba daku. Zaka iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin ci gaba da tattaunawa da kuma sanin shirye shiryen mu. Kuma ya kamata ka [[Special:CreateAccount|kirkiri sabon account]] don ka samu username na dindindin. Kana iya sake tambaya na idan kana neman karin bayani. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:09, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == ismail == Labaran duniya == Abdullahi dahiru odo ogun == Barkan muda warhaka! :Yawwa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 11:58, 31 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) == na kirkira mukala == Ya zan sanya reference ::Ka duba shafinka na tattaunawa na anyi maka bayanin hakan. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:08, 16 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC) == From == Ghy == J k musa yaro == Son annabi shine so har abada shine son da mutum zai rika ya amfanar dashi duniya da lahira Allah kasa mudace allah kasamu cekinyan tatu bayin ka Asslm dan Allah ina da tambaya idan kana kusa == mansir isah == unguwar.magaji. kakngi.giwa.area.Kaduna.state Crawle == aminuidris0808811 == aminuiris == Auwal dalladi kargi == An haifi auwal a ranar 01/06/2000 == Databox == Asslm. Ammar ya ake sanya databox. Na yi translation na [[Jami'ar Jos]] amman daga baya naga '''Uncle bash''' ya saka databox. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 08:38, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) :@[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]], Za ka rubuta <nowiki>{{databox}}</nowiki> ne a farkon article din. Har da brackets (braces) din. Daga nan zaka ga information din ya fito. A wani article din kuma ba zaka gani ba, amma duk daya ne. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:04, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], na saka ma [[Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna]] yayi. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 16:34, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) ==Neman shawara== Masha Allah Gaskiya naji dadi sosai kasancewar ansamu mai kula da page na Wikipedia da Hausa hakan ba qaramin cigaba ne ba ace Yaren Hausa yasamu irin wannan daukaka ta hanyar Mr.Ammarpad. Mr. Ammarpad ina jinjina a gareka,Allah yaqara daukaka,yayimaka jagora adukan lamurranka. A qarshe ina neman shawarar ka akan yadda za,ayi nabudawa garina Salame Wikipedia,Kasancewar Salame tsohon garine mai dinbin tarihi a daular Usmaniyya Wanda shine mahaifar Sheik Abdulqadir bn Mustafa alturud Salame. Daga Kabiru Aliyu Salame,Gwadabawa local government,Sokoto state,Nigeria. [[User:Kabir salame|Kabir salame]] ([[User talk:Kabir salame|talk]]) 18:54, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) :Barka da zuwa Malam Kabir, muna farin ciki da zuwanka. :Ka duba tutorial din mu: [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]] akwai bayani sosae akan yadda zaka yi gyara da ƙirƙira sabbin muƙaloli a Wikipedia. :Akwai kuma bayani na musamman a wannan shafin shima: [[Wikipedia:Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 14 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) <u>ja layi</u> COMMUNIYT SYSTERM ALL THE USE VALU TRY [[Special:Contributions/197.210.70.246|197.210.70.246]] 23:09, 7 Disamba 2022 (UTC) == Jami u lawal == Allah yajikan zulaihatu == Databox == Barka da safe, Ammar, Ina fata kana lafiya. Congratulations on the work you are doing to add "databox" to articles where it was missing! I have been doing that manually for a long time but you have very clearly found a faster way to do it. :) Could you tell me which tool you are using? Nagode sosai, –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 07:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) :Barka da yau {{@|DonCamillo|p=}} and sannu da ƙoƙari. Yes yana da wahala manually and can be quite slow. Ina amfani ne da custom PHP code ta hanyar [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=help&modules=edit module na editing], ba tool bane dake a kan wiki ba. Nagode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) == Saifillahi Abdullahi mlf == Kaura ne katsina SANI ABAKAR S D P SOKOTO WAMAKKO LG RUGGAR MONDE AR == Abia == Anyinasarar kama dantaaddaa'ngelzarma'jihar yobe karamunhukumar fune == ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA == ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA == FUNAKAA == FUNAKAA agaskiya inada tambaya to kamar ita wannan kasar ta jamhoriyar nijar wane laifine muhammadu bazoum yake dashi har sukan yimasa juyi mulki == Gaisuwa == Na gode kwarai,muna alfahari daku wurin nuna kulawa akan mu, Godiya nake [[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]] ([[User talk:El-Abdallaah|talk]]) 07:59, 31 ga Augusta, 2023 (UTC) :Nagode, @[[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]]. Barka da ƙoƙari. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:53, 1 Satumba 2023 (UTC) == Usman abubakar == Ita rayuwa wace abace da Allah madau kakin sarki yatsa ramana ita == ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar == Ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar [[Special:Contributions/105.112.235.123|105.112.235.123]] 15:56, 9 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == maganin daji == maganin daji [[Special:Contributions/2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6|2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6]] 20:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == Ali musa == An haife shi Chida ga watan Oktoba 1986 cikin@ gari gidan kube @ dake jahar maradi [[Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism]] [[Special:Contributions/41.254.48.53|41.254.48.53]] 21:45, 24 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == Rigar kusa == "Rigar kusa" kauye ne dake karamar hukumar musawa katsina state. Rigar kusa kauye ne mai dauke dauke da yawa matasa da kuma dattawa masana sunce rigar kusa tsohon gari ne. Rigarkusa kauyika da dama yahada da yar kiya,sabongida slow,bambama da sauransu. Tana wutar nantarki da asibiti da makaranta primary da nasury. == Ghana Boy 055 == Chapiou @ [[Special:Contributions/154.160.9.24|154.160.9.24]] 12:09, 21 ga Maris, 2024 (UTC) == ALIYO == BORNO == Namespaces == Hi! You [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3A%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&diff=213527&oldid=181184 emptied] the page "Wikipedia:Ƙofan al'umma" some time ago. There was a section I added there with a question about namespace names. It can be seen here in an old revision: [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&oldid=181178#Namespaces You know the Hausa language, and you are also very experienced with MediaWiki. Can you please check the table and tell me whether the proposed names are good? Thanks! [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 18:30, 11 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC) :I made a new section about this here: [[Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma#Namespace name translations]]. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 20:01, 12 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC) == Shehu gibirima == Shehu gibirima [[Musamman:Contributions/102.91.4.40|102.91.4.40]] 19:03, 24 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Salisu garba == Assalamu alaikum inason tan baya kozan shiwaka tana da sinada rin ciwon tayi pot == Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru == Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.117.72|105.112.117.72]] 13:47, 28 ga Augusta, 2024 (UTC) == ABDULRAHMAN HARUNA == KADUNA == Bbca == A == HAUSA RIGAR SILKE == DUK WANI ABU DA YA SHAFI INGANTA HARSHEN HAUSA DA HAƁAKATA [[User:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU]] ([[User talk:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|talk]]) 15:05, 2 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC) == shaaibu == JIGAWA == SHEHU USMANU == GADA BUNGUDU ZAMFARA NIGERIA == AmmarBot for Swahili Wikipedia == Hello brother, I hope you are doing great after the series of sessions at Wikimania. I also hope you've returned safely to your home country. I was just asking about the bot issue which I shared with you back in Nairobi. Any progress so far? [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 12:36, 15 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Hello @[[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]], I am fine. I hope you reached home safely too. :I have set up the code now, I just need the translated text. Please share the welcome text. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:22, 16 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) ::Hello back @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]. I have replied to the email. [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 17:46, 17 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == 7 == uyt [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2025-29458-90|&#126;2025-29458-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2025-29458-90|talk]]) 17:51, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Taba nono na mace == Lawan abdulhamid == Lawan abdulhamid kano MIYzansa == Nakasa yin rijista == Nakasa yin rajista miyasane == SLM == SLM == Isma.il.abdul.yar.runfa == 08142754552 Aslm da farko sunana Abdul'aziz Anas ni ina yankin malumfashi ne '''mazaunin yakinkin karamar hukumar malumfashi garin YABA taken wanna rubutu da nakeyi shine ina da burin naga na wallafar da wani littafi Wanda na rubuta na da mashi suna rayuwar mu a yau .Wannan shine taken Wannan rubutu''' [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-11554-74|&#126;2026-11554-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-11554-74|talk]]) 13:02, 21 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji == suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-11940-32|&#126;2026-11940-32]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-11940-32|talk]]) 22:34, 22 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Dodik == imomaliyev [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12770-62|&#126;2026-12770-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12770-62|talk]]) 13:18, 26 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Fulani daneji == danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12974-74|&#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:35, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Tarihin fulani daneji == danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12974-74|&#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:36, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == NURA FADA MUHAMMED == assalama alaikum waramatullah ta alawabar katuhum dafar kodai sunana NURA FADA MUHAMMED MUBI kemikagai suwaga shugabannin kasarmu najeriya dakuma sauran gomnonin jahohin dake afadin najeriya tareda rokon allah subahanahu wata alamadaukakin yabawa shugaban kasar nigeria nisan kona da yawan nasarar wajenganin anshimma wannan zaben dayatinkaromu nashekara ta 2027 alfarman annabi tareda rokonku dan allah dan annabin allah idon allah yasa wanan sakon taje indanake keutata zato taje todan allah kuyikokarin nemoni a number tawa don da sauran bayanin ne al,umar najeriya 07025450283, inajiranku == inason zuwa gambiya == neman aure zasu bani [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-13669-78|&#126;2026-13669-78]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-13669-78|talk]]) 02:28, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Nazifi == yes [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-13801-80|&#126;2026-13801-80]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-13801-80|talk]]) 16:48, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Usmanisah01234@gmail.com == Usmanu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14055-73|&#126;2026-14055-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14055-73|talk]]) 20:11, 4 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == AISHA ABDULLAHI == assalama alaikum mutanen wikipedia hausa == Abdul Aziz == Ssdf [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14413-94|&#126;2026-14413-94]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14413-94|talk]]) 07:21, 6 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == YAHAYA MUSA == 6/3/2026 Ni atemakeni bandasanaa == Isah Abubakar == kaduna steste nigeria inaneman temaku kudi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14783-76|&#126;2026-14783-76]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14783-76|talk]]) 05:47, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Help == Please help me improve [[Gaza genocide|this]] article I recently created; my Hausa language skills are poor. Also, please add [[:en:Gaza_genocide|this]] article to the Hausa Wikipedia as it is important. Thank you. [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 15:48, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah == Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14911-34|&#126;2026-14911-34]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14911-34|talk]]) 18:45, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == INASONASHIGA == WALLAHI == Alkasim == alkasim [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15496-73|&#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:39, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Alkasim == alkasim [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15496-73|&#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:40, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) Jahan dosso partama nawa ne Garett [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15494-30|&#126;2026-15494-30]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15494-30|talk]]) 23:24, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Auwalu mansur gaya == A garin gaya na bada tallafin Ramadan a Kofar gidan Sarkin garin Wanda ya hada da shinkafa da wake da ruwan Leda da lemon fata == Block review == Hi! Could I ask for your review of the block on [[Musamman:Contributions/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] placed by a global sysop roughly a year ago? If you do not think their contributions necessitate it, I'd recommend removing the block. The short version on my end is that [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] created a new account, [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu mc|Adamu mc]], after their account was blocked and subsequently locked. I identified this yesterday and globally blocked the new account. However, reviewing their edits, I don't think they're actually connected to AhmedMustafaaaa. If their contributions to this wiki do not warrant a block, removing their previous account's block would be useful. Thanks for your time, and let me know if I should send this request elsewhere. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 18:40, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]], I am not very familiar with this user, but from looking at the accounts involved, I agree they are the least likely to be AhmedMustafaaaa. Although [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] appears to be independently blocked on Wikidata and MediaWiki.org for unrelated reasons, their actions here on this wiki are quite acceptable and do not warrant a block. :I am fine with removing the block from the older account. However, it is worth noting that they created Adamu_ab about a month before the first account was blocked. They then immediately switched to the second account on the day the first was blocked. They need to stick to a single account and appeal blocks from there. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:33, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]: Indeed - part of a global unblock for them would be a commitment to using a single account, and the old account will likely remain locked. Thanks for looking into this. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 14:49, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Jimi boi gk == Washer boi == (Ibrahim bako) == Bissimillahi rahamani rahim == Zanshuga == masha Allah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-17709-67|&#126;2026-17709-67]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-17709-67|talk]]) 20:02, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-17806-26|&#126;2026-17806-26]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-17806-26|talk]]) 22:04, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == I need to edit == yusuf bin shaik [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-18422-17|&#126;2026-18422-17]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-18422-17|talk]]) 01:37, 25 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Dari daya == Litafi dari daya == Gali == Gufanar da mal. Nasir el rufa'i a gabar kotu == ALI ISA JC NAWA == CHAM == Sai anjima == sai anjima [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-19045-00|&#126;2026-19045-00]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-19045-00|talk]]) 11:00, 27 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == xxwxx == pap pu wwxx [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-19636-09|&#126;2026-19636-09]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-19636-09|talk]]) 18:16, 29 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Masaudu == Ina son koyon NAHAWU [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20180-81|&#126;2026-20180-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20180-81|talk]]) 10:05, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Ina bukatar taimakonku == Ina bukatar taimakonku [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20156-98|&#126;2026-20156-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20156-98|talk]]) 12:50, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Menene amfanin na'a na'a. == Menene amfanin na'a na'a. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20503-90|&#126;2026-20503-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20503-90|talk]]) 01:46, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Learning physics topics == Explain why ph [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20678-19|&#126;2026-20678-19]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20678-19|talk]]) 08:30, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == ١٢٣٤٥ == روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20875-04|&#126;2026-20875-04]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20875-04|talk]]) 15:56, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Chrome == روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20860-61|&#126;2026-20860-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20860-61|talk]]) 16:09, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Inason shiga kasara == yanada sauki kokuma yabinyake Kuma yakudian kasar suke [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21619-45|&#126;2026-21619-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21619-45|talk]]) 15:43, 7 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Fty == Fg [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21613-47|&#126;2026-21613-47]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21613-47|talk]]) 04:11, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alikirashi45 == alikirashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21759-98|&#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alikirashi45 == alikirashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21759-98|&#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:06, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Jibril auwal hamza == Inaso Na goge asusuna Na access bank Nada Wani asusuna Yaya zanyi domin Yin hakan == Usseni. Ibbirashim == 08133144879 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23155-49|&#126;2026-23155-49]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23155-49|talk]]) 14:59, 14 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Correction == The image of the statue, is not of Tullio Moneta but that of his Uncle/Great uncle, Ernesto Theodore Moneta. Tullio lived in Johannesburg, South Africa, not Durban. Mike Hoare lived in the Durban area. Wikipedia is a popular site as a source of credible information. Please be certain of facts before posting information on people. Thank you. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23654-39|&#126;2026-23654-39]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23654-39|talk]]) 17:00, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Ahmad Rufai == Ahmad Rufai [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23571-21|&#126;2026-23571-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23571-21|talk]]) 23:36, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Sutura == Sutura [[User:Ahamad roufaï|Ahamad roufaï]] ([[User talk:Ahamad roufaï|talk]]) 23:44, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24499-81|&#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:23, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Misali kasa ko bishyu haka == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24499-81|&#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:24, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alhamdu lillah == masha Allah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24815-45|&#126;2026-24815-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24815-45|talk]]) 16:13, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Itaciyyar zamani == shin tayaya Zan Iya gabatar Da darasi Mai Anfani a wannan gida Dan cigaban Al,umma GABA daya . Zan so in Samu damar Hakan in sha Allah. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-25442-87|&#126;2026-25442-87]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-25442-87|talk]]) 13:35, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471754 --> == Ahamad Abba == Ahamad Abba [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-29423-27|&#126;2026-29423-27]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-29423-27|talk]]) 10:10, 16 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == Nazifi == abdullashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-29619-62|&#126;2026-29619-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-29619-62|talk]]) 23:58, 16 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == Dan Allah Ina so na koya likitsnci == Abdulrrhaman [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-29631-59|&#126;2026-29631-59]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-29631-59|talk]]) 06:30, 17 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == Brk == a [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-30415-61|&#126;2026-30415-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-30415-61|talk]]) 23:44, 20 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == 9044000454 == abdusammd Ali OPAY [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-32331-29|&#126;2026-32331-29]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-32331-29|talk]]) 02:02, 31 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == Taya zanbude account dazan temaka == ina neman Karin bayani [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-32735-01|&#126;2026-32735-01]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-32735-01|talk]]) 07:13, 2 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Assalamu alaikum Ni ina neman taimako ne wanda ga waɗanda Allah ya horewa su taimaka min Ni ɗaliba ce jami'ar northwest Ina a level 3 yanxu ina neman taimako ne gameda transport fee yanxu haka kusan watanmu biyu da komawa amma ban taba zuwa ba sakamakon yanayi mahaifi bayada ƙarfi ina danyin sanaa to bawani ƙarfi tayi ba koda an saka jarin makaranta ke cinyewa nice babba awajan iyayena inada qanne da dan dama abinda za'aci arana dakyar ake samun ci biyu wanda yake ɗan taimaka min kuma shima yanxu nauyi yamasa yawa gashi ina gab da kammalawa ina matakin aji uku yanxu bana yin social media sosae Whatsapp kadai nake bansan inda xansameku bane sai nan == Assalamu alaikum Ni ina neman taimako ne ga waɗanda Allah ya horewa su taimaka min Ni ɗaliba ce jami'ar northwest Ina a level 3 yanxu ina neman taimako ne gameda transport fee yanxu haka kusan watanmu biyu da komawa amma ban taba zuwa ba sakamakon yanayi mahaifina bayada ƙarfi ina danyin sanaa to bawani ƙarfi tayi ba koda an saka jarin makaranta ke cinyewa nice babba awajan iyayena inada qanne da dan dama abinda za'aci arana dakyar ake samun ci biyu wanda yake ɗan taimaka min kuma shima yanxu nauyi yamasa yawa gashi ina gab da kammalawa ina matakin aji uku yanxu bana yin social media sosae Whatsapp kadai nake bansan inda xansameku bane sai nan [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-32562-31|&#126;2026-32562-31]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-32562-31|talk]]) 12:49, 2 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Reuben lover gwamma == [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-32944-08|&#126;2026-32944-08]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-32944-08|talk]]) 05:26, 4 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Bala sani == sani [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-33592-03|&#126;2026-33592-03]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-33592-03|talk]]) 20:44, 6 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Umar m sharif == yane [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-33592-03|&#126;2026-33592-03]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-33592-03|talk]]) 20:48, 6 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == oumr sama == Gazaou [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-34357-62|&#126;2026-34357-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-34357-62|talk]]) 20:05, 10 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Ibrahim Abdullah dangamau == kusada lg katsina state [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-36380-21|&#126;2026-36380-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-36380-21|talk]]) 21:55, 22 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == 8126141543 opay bank Ibrahim Abdullahi == 8126141543 opay Ibrahim Abdullahi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-36380-21|&#126;2026-36380-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-36380-21|talk]]) 21:58, 22 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Ina tambaya ne game da cikakken tarihin masarautar Jama'are == tarihin masarautar Jama'are [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-36511-04|&#126;2026-36511-04]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-36511-04|talk]]) 21:29, 23 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Ibrahim sani == nace ina da tambaya ne game da littafin tarin hausa barbie in same shi ne akwai yadda zan yi in samu littafan tarin hausa kamar taya na gizo zaku iya gano ta yadda zan samu shi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-37548-11|&#126;2026-37548-11]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-37548-11|talk]]) 11:58, 30 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Mai bincike == idan nasadu damai hiv da condom bayan hiv wani gwaji yadace nayi idan inajin badaidaiba Ajikina [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-37555-93|&#126;2026-37555-93]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-37555-93|talk]]) 12:20, 30 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Ibrahim haruna == azare [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-37948-19|&#126;2026-37948-19]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-37948-19|talk]]) 17:18, 2 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Maradi == bonne nuit [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38771-90|&#126;2026-38771-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38771-90|talk]]) 22:33, 8 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Assalam alaikoum barkamu da warhaka == helle [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38771-90|&#126;2026-38771-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38771-90|talk]]) 22:39, 8 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == 49565314543 == Saifuallhi usaini [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38738-33|&#126;2026-38738-33]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38738-33|talk]]) 00:51, 9 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Nin nombadinayasamumsala == Nin nombadinayasamumsala [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38738-33|&#126;2026-38738-33]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38738-33|talk]]) 01:01, 9 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Inaso ajaramin49565314543 == Inaso ajaramin49565314543 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38738-33|&#126;2026-38738-33]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38738-33|talk]]) 01:03, 9 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == 3233746701,banana, Ahmadu Fesbak,1,000 == bak,1,000 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 23:17, 14 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) :3233746701,banana, Ahmadu Fesbak,1,000 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 23:49, 14 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == 3233746701,banana, Ahmadu Fesbak,1,000 == @ [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 23:24, 14 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 3233746701,banana, Ahmadu fesbak,1,000 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 23:58, 14 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) :@ [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 00:02, 15 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Menene Dalilin Sallar cika ciki == Menene Dalilin Sallar cika ciki [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-40126-77|&#126;2026-40126-77]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-40126-77|talk]]) 21:27, 15 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) california se hamare saath ho raha hai hum kaise pata karengovernmenttaxforcecalifornia@gmail.com [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-40691-12|&#126;2026-40691-12]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-40691-12|talk]]) 17:32, 20 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Batu == safiya [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-42392-57|&#126;2026-42392-57]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-42392-57|talk]]) 18:07, 31 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Auwal Abubakar == Auwal Abubakar Abdullahi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-42968-66|&#126;2026-42968-66]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-42968-66|talk]]) 12:02, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) == mouhammadousirajo4@gmail.com == mouhammadou [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-46209-95|&#126;2026-46209-95]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-46209-95|talk]]) 09:05, 24 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) == Husaini Hassana Husaini == @ [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-47716-12|&#126;2026-47716-12]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-47716-12|talk]]) 08:57, 1 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Yar abbanta == al ummata [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-47594-41|&#126;2026-47594-41]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-47594-41|talk]]) 16:25, 2 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == مريم بنت سراج == Allah y karawa annabi daraja [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-47594-41|&#126;2026-47594-41]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-47594-41|talk]]) 16:30, 2 Satumba 2026 (UTC) allah gafarta malam Ina tambayane akan israi da mi iraji shin annabi yaga Allah wani malamin yace duk Wanda yace annabi yaga Allah hadisin shi nada rauni dan Allah muna son karin bayani [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-48750-15|~2026-48750-15]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-48750-15|talk]]) 20:02, 9 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Sheikh == ibn [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-51225-37|~2026-51225-37]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-51225-37|talk]]) 22:54, 22 Satumba 2026 (UTC) Assalamualaikum warhamdullahi''akarmukalla ina dambaya wanne sahabine yace shine zakin Allah Kuma zakin Manzon Allah s a w<nowiki>''</nowiki>'' [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-51091-35|~2026-51091-35]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-51091-35|talk]]) 05:26, 23 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Allah kasadamu Manzon Allah == Allah karama annabi daraja [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-51091-35|~2026-51091-35]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-51091-35|talk]]) 23:34, 23 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Aljanna makoma == Aljanna makoma [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-51600-55|~2026-51600-55]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-51600-55|talk]]) 05:55, 24 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Parsamet == parsamet [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-51966-06|~2026-51966-06]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-51966-06|talk]]) 15:39, 27 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Tambaya == wace shiya ce ake kira gidan dikko a cikin sokoto [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-53210-05|~2026-53210-05]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-53210-05|talk]]) 13:21, 2 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == Kamilu tasiu == 9031238946 [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-53877-71|~2026-53877-71]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-53877-71|talk]]) 22:38, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == Comptebdkdbd@gmail.com == a [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-54115-16|~2026-54115-16]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-54115-16|talk]]) 23:21, 7 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == NEMAN TAIMAKON YAN UWA MUSULMAI == MUNA DA WATA YAR UWA MARAINIYA MAI MATSALAR KODA DUK SATI ANA YI MATA WANKIN KODA DAN ALLAH KU TAIMAKA ACHE CI WAN NAR BAIWAR ALLAH GA ACCOUNT NUMBERTA 4913077697 SHAHIDA YUSUF ECO BANK [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-55236-22|~2026-55236-22]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-55236-22|talk]]) 10:06, 13 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == Massi == badamassi Abdou [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-55218-62|~2026-55218-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-55218-62|talk]]) 19:56, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 9w8vcio9v8bw565bnetmx062n8tbrgr Gida 0 6304 967539 967348 2026-10-14T13:01:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 967539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Rotjan_-_Enderbury_Day_1_-_2nd_half_(62).JPG|thumb|Wannan coral reef a cikin Phoenix Islands Protected Area yana ba da wurin zama ga nau'ikan ruwa da yawa.]] [[File:Antarctic_(js)_18.jpg|thumb|Ƙananan halittu suna sanya kankara na [[Antatika|Antarctica]] mazauninsu, amma ruwa a ƙarƙashin kankara na iya samar da mazaunin ga nau'o'i da yawa. Dabbobi irin su penguins sun saba da rayuwa a yanayin sanyi sosai.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wohlschlag |first=Donald E. |year=1968 |title=Fishes beneath Antarctic ice |url=https://media.australian.museum/media/dd/Uploads/Documents/35612/ams370_vXVI_2_lowres.8077ffe.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Australian Natural History |publisher=Australian Museum |publication-date=1968 |volume=16 |pages=45–48 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412130032/https://media.australian.museum/media/dd/Uploads/Documents/35612/ams370_vXVI_2_lowres.8077ffe.pdf |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=19 July 2021 |quote=Beneath the sea ice and the terminal portions of the Ross Ice Shelf and Koettlitz Glacier tongue is an aquatic habitat that has a nearly uniform freezing temperature of {{Hyphen}}1.9°C (28.6°F) and a remarkable assemblage of animals.}}</ref>]] Nau'ikan mazaunin sune rarraba muhalli na mahalli daban-daban bisa ga halaye na yankin da aka ba shi, musamman ciyayi da yanayi.<ref name="wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com">{{Cite journal |last=Krausman |first=Paul R. |last2=Morrison |first2=Michael L. |date=26 July 2016 |title=Another plea for standard terminology: Editor's Message |journal=The Journal of Wildlife Management |language=en |volume=80 |issue=7 |pages=1143–1144 |doi=10.1002/jwmg.21121 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Don haka nau'ikan mazaunin ba sa nufin nau'in jinsin guda ɗaya amma ga nau'in halittu da yawa da ke zaune a yankin ɗaya. Misali, nau'ikan mazaunin ƙasa sun haɗa da [[Gandun Daji|gandun daji]], [[Yankin da ke cikin tsaunuka|tsaunuka]], [[Grassland|ciyawa]], tsaka-tsaki ko [[Desert|hamada]]. Nau'ikan mazaunin [[Ruwan Daɗi|Ruwa mai laushi]] sun haɗa da [[Marsh|marshes]], rafi, [[Korama|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]], da [[Pond|tafkuna]]; nau'ikan mazaunan ruwa sun haɗa da gishiri, bakin teku, yankin intertidal, estuaries, [[Reef|reefs]], bays, bude teku, zurfin ruwa da hanyoyin ruwa. Nau'ikan mazaunin na iya canzawa a tsawon lokaci. Dalilan canji na iya haɗawa da tashin hankali (kamar fashewar [[Dutsen Volcano|dutsen wuta]], girgizar ƙasa, [[Tsunami]], [[Wildfire|gobarar daji]] ko canji a cikin ruwan teku); ko canji na ƙarshe ya faru a hankali a cikin dubban shekaru tare da canje-canje a cikin [[Climate|yanayi]], yayin da [[Yankin kankara|kankara]] da [[Gileshiya (Tsaunin kankara)|kankara]] ke ci gaba da komawa baya, kuma yayin da yanayin yanayi daban-daban ke kawo canje-canje na hazo da [[Rana mai zafi|Hasken rana]]. Sauran canje-canje sun zo ne sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam kai tsaye, kamar su [[Deforestation|sare daji]], noma da wuraren ciyawa na dā, karkatarwa da kuma damsing koguna, zubar da marshland da kuma hako zurfin teku. Gabatar da nau'o'in baƙi na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri ga namun daji na asali - ta hanyar karuwar farauta, ta hanyar gasa don albarkatu ko ta hanyar gabatar da kwari da cututtuka waɗanda nau'o-naren asali ba su da rigakafi. == Ma'anar da asalin == == Abubuwan muhalli == Babban abubuwan muhalli da ke shafar rarraba kwayoyin halitta masu rai shine zafin jiki, danshi, yanayi, ƙasa da ƙarfin haske, da kuma kasancewar ko rashin duk bukatun da kwayoyin ke buƙata don kiyaye shi. Gabaɗaya, al'ummomin dabbobi sun dogara da takamaiman nau'ikan al'ummomi na shuke-shuke. Wasu tsire-tsire da dabbobi suna da bukatun mazaunin da ake saduwa da su a wurare da yawa. Ana samun karamin farin malam buɗe ido ''Pieris rapae'' a duk nahiyoyin duniya ban da [[Antatika|Antarctica]]. Magungunansa suna cin abinci a kan nau'ikan ''Brassicas'' da sauran nau'ikan shuke-shuke daban-daban, kuma yana bunƙasa a kowane wuri mai budewa tare da al'ummomin shuke-huke daban-hambana. Babban malamin blue ''Phengaris arion'' ya fi takamaiman abubuwan da yake buƙata; ana samunsa ne kawai a cikin wuraren ciyawa, tsutsotsi suna ciyar da nau'in ''Thymus'', kuma saboda buƙatun sake zagayowar rayuwa yana zaune ne kawai a wuraren da tururuwan Myrmica ke zaune. Rashin jituwa yana da mahimmanci wajen kirkirar nau'ikan mazaunin halittu. Idan babu rikici, an samar da shuke-shuke wanda ke hana kafa wasu nau'o'in. A wasu lokuta masu kiyayewa ne ke kirkirar [[Wildflower|Furen daji]] amma mafi yawan tsire-tsire masu fure da aka yi amfani da su ko dai na [[Shuka na Shekara-Shekara|shekara-shekara]] ne ko na shekaru biyu kuma sun ɓace bayan 'yan shekaru ba tare da wuraren da ba su da kyau inda tsire-shuke zasu iya girma. Hasken walƙiya da itatuwa da aka rushe a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi sun ba da damar kiyaye wadatar jinsuna yayin da jinsunan farko ke motsawa don cika gibin da aka kirkira. Hakazalika, nau'ikan mazaunin bakin teku na iya zama masu rinjaye da [[kelp]] har sai guguwa ta dame zurfin teku kuma [[algae]] ta kwashe, ko kuma canzawar turɓaya ta fallasa sabbin wurare don [[Colonisation (biology)|mulkin mallaka.]] Wani dalilin rikici shine lokacin da wani yanki na iya mamayewa da nau'in da aka gabatar wanda ba a kiyaye shi a ƙarƙashin iko da abokan gaba na halitta a cikin sabon mazauninsa.<ref name="0X7iN">{{Cite web |title=Invasive species |url=https://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Threats-to-Wildlife/Invasive-Species.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531214213/http://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Threats-to-Wildlife/Invasive-Species.aspx |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=24 May 2016 |publisher=National Wildlife Federation}}</ref> == Nau'ikan microhabitat == === Duniya === [[File:Epiphytes_(Dominica).jpg|thumb|Gidan da ke da wadataccen gandun daji a [[Dominika|Dominica]]]] Nau'ikan mazaunin ƙasa sun haɗa da gandun daji, wuraren ciyawa, wuraren da ke da ruwa da hamada. A cikin waɗannan halittu masu rai akwai takamaiman nau'ikan mazaunin tare da nau'ikan yanayi daban-daban, yanayin zafin jiki, ƙasa, tsawo da ciyayi. Yawancin waɗannan nau'ikan mazaunin suna cikin juna kuma kowannensu yana da al'ummomin tsire-tsire da dabbobi. Nau'in mazaunin na iya dacewa da wani nau'in jinsin, amma kasancewarsa ko rashin sa a kowane wuri ya dogara da sa'a, akan iyawar warwatsewa da ingancin sa a matsayin mai mulkin mallaka. === Rashin ruwa === [[File:Marsa_Alam_R18.jpg|thumb|Yanayin hamada a Misira]] Yankunan da ba su da ruwa sune inda akwai ruwa mai yawa. Mafi matsanancin wuraren zama masu bushewa sune hamada. Dabbobi na hamada suna da sauye-sauye iri-iri don tsira daga yanayin bushewa. Wasu kwari suna zaune a cikin hamada, suna haifar da nau'ikan mazaunin da ke karkashin kasa da kuma hibernating yayin da yanayi ba shi da kyau. Tsuntsu na Couch (''Scaphiopus couchii'') ya fito ne daga raminsa lokacin da ruwan sama ya faru kuma ya sa qwai a cikin tafkunan da suka samo asali; tadpoles suna tasowa da sauri, wani lokacin a cikin kwanaki tara, suna fuskantar metamorphosis, kuma suna cin abinci mai yawa kafin su tono ramin kansu.<ref name="96sA2">{{Cite web |title=Couch's spadefoot (''Scaphiopus couchi'') |url=http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_spadefoot.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530230901/http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_spadefoot.php |archive-date=30 May 2016 |access-date=16 May 2016 |publisher=Arizona–Sonora Desert Museum}}</ref> ==== Misalan nau'ikan mazaunin gandun daji ==== * Hamada * Hamada * [[Yankin hamada]] * [[Yankin da ke cikin tsaunuka]] * Savanna === Yankin ruwa da kogin ruwa === Sauran kwayoyin suna jimrewa da bushewar mazauninsu na ruwa ta wasu hanyoyi. Ruwa na Vernal tafkuna ne na ɗan lokaci wanda ke samuwa a lokacin ruwan sama kuma ya bushe daga baya. Suna da tsire-tsire na musamman, galibi sun kunshi shuke-shuke na shekara-shekara, wanda tsaba ya tsira daga fari, amma kuma wasu shuke-shiryen da suka dace. Dabbobi da suka dace da waɗannan nau'ikan mazaunin masu tsananin gaske suma sun wanzu; ƙwayoyin cuta na iya sa "ƙwai na hunturu" waɗanda ke tsayayya da bushewa, wani lokacin ana hura su da ƙura, suna ƙare a cikin sababbin ɓacin rai a ƙasa. Wadannan zasu iya rayuwa a cikin yanayin barci har tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar.<ref name="KNkKt">{{Cite web |last=Green, Scott |title=Fairy shrimp |url=http://www.vernalpool.org/inf_fs.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423074123/http://www.vernalpool.org/inf_fs.htm |archive-date=23 April 2016 |access-date=17 May 2016 |publisher=The Vernal Pool Association}}</ref> Wasu killifish suna nuna irin wannan hali; ƙwai suna furewa kuma ƙananan kifi suna girma da sauri sosai lokacin da yanayin ya dace, amma duk yawan kifi na iya ƙare a matsayin ƙwai a cikin laka mai bushewa wanda ya kasance tafki. ==== Misalan wuraren da ake amfani da su da kuma nau'ikan mazaunin riparian ==== * [[Bog]] * Marsh * [[Fen]] * Yankunan da ke cike da ambaliyar ruwa da kuma tsaunuka * [[Filin Ambaliyar]] * Yankin da ke cikin shuke-shuke * [[Fadama|Ruwa mai santsi]] * [[Tafkin Vernal|Ruwa mai ban sha'awa]] * Yankin da ke da ruwa === Dajin === ==== Jerin nau'ikan mazaunin ruwa ==== * Dajin daji * [[Dajin girgije]] * [[Dajin da ke cike da turare]] * [[Kudancin daji mai laushi]] * Kudancin daji mai laushi * Dajin ruwan sama mai matsakaici * [[Dajin da ke da ƙaya]] * [[Kudancin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da na subtropical|Kyakkyawan gandun daji]] * [[Kudancin zafi da na subtropical mai laushi|Dajin zafi mai zafi]] * [[Gandun Daji Na Yankuna masu Zafi|Dajin ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi]] * Yankin daji === Ruwa mai laushi === [[File:Danau_Sentarum_2006.jpg|thumb|Nau'ikan wuraren zama a Borneo]] Nau'ikan mazaunin ruwa mai laushi sun haɗa da koguna, rafi, tabkuna, tafkuna, marshes da bogs. Ana iya raba su zuwa '''Ruwa mai gudana''' (koguna, rafi) da '''Ruwa mai tsaye''' (kogi, tafkuna, marshes, bogs). <ref>{{Cite web |title=UK Terrestrial & Freshwater Habitat Types: Freshwater Habitat descriptions |url=https://data.jncc.gov.uk/data/b0b5e833-7300-4234-8ae5-bdbf326e854c/habitat-types-freshwater.pdf |access-date=16 May 2024 |publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee}}</ref> Kodayake ana samun wasu kwayoyin a yawancin waɗannan nau'ikan mazaunin, yawancin suna da takamaiman buƙatu. Saurin ruwa, zafin jiki da iskar oxygen sune mahimman abubuwa, amma a cikin tsarin kogi, akwai sassan da ke da sauri da jinkiri, tafkuna, [[Bayou|bayu]] da backwaters waɗanda ke samar da nau'ikan mazaunin da ke kewayon. Hakazalika, Tsire-tsire na ruwa na iya zama masu iyo, rabin ruwa, nutsewa ko girma a cikin ƙasa mai cike da ruwa har abada ko na ɗan lokaci ban da ruwa. Tsire-tsire masu tsayi suna samar da muhimmiyar wurin zama ga duka invertebrates da vertebrates, kuma tsire-tsalle masu nutsewa suna samar da iskar oxygen na ruwa, suna shan abubuwan gina jiki kuma suna taka rawa wajen rage gurɓataccen yanayi. Gidajen ruwa sun haɗa da ruwa mai laushi, estuaries, bays, teku mai budewa, yankin intertidal, kasan teku, reefs da zurfin / wuraren ruwa mai zurfi. Ƙarin bambance-bambance sun haɗa da tafkunan dutse, bankunan yashi, tafkunan ruwa, rairayin bakin teku masu yashi da dutse, da gadajen seagrass, duk suna tallafawa tsire-tsire da fauna. Yankin benthic ko zurfin teku yana ba da gida ga kwayoyin halitta guda biyu, waɗanda aka ɗora su a cikin tushe, da kuma yawancin kwayoyin da ke yawo ko burrowing a cikin farfajiya. Wasu halittu suna iyo a cikin raƙuman ruwa a saman ruwa, ko raft a kan tarkace mai iyo; wasu suna iyo a zurfin zurfi, gami da kwayoyin halitta a cikin Yankin demersal kusa da zurfin teku, kuma dubban kwayoyin suna tafiya tare da raƙuman kuma suna samar da plankton. ==== Jerin nau'ikan mazaunin ruwa ==== <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  === Birni === Dabbobi da tsire-tsire da yawa sun zauna a cikin birane. Suna da sauƙin daidaitawa kuma suna amfani da fasalulluka na garin don yin gidajensu. [[Ɓera|Rats]] da [[Bera|beraye]] sun bi mutum a duniya, kurciya, mahajjata, paregrines, sparrows, swallows da house martins suna amfani da gine-gine don nesting, [[Jemage|jemagu]] suna amfani da sararin rufin don zama, foxes suna ziyartar sharar gida da Squirrels, coyotes, raccoons da skunks suna yawo a kan tituna. Kimanin coyotes 2,000 ana zaton suna zaune a ciki da kewayen [[Chicago]]. Binciken gidaje a cikin biranen arewacin Turai a cikin karni na ashirin ya sami kimanin nau'in dabbobi 175 a ciki, gami da nau'in kwari 53, kwari 21, maciji 13 da asu, ƙwayoyin cuta 13, kwari 9, ƙudan zuma 7, wasps 5, kwari 5, gizo-gizo 5, tururuwa 4 da sauran kungiyoyi da yawa. A cikin yanayin zafi, ƙwayoyin cuta ne masu tsanani a cikin mazaunin birane; an san nau'in 183 da ke shafar gine-gine kuma nau'in 83 suna haifar da mummunar lalacewar tsari. == Nau'ikan microhabitat == [[File:A_leaf_beetle_(Aulacophora_indica)_peeking_from_a_leaf_hole_of_an_Alnus_nepalensis_tree_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Ganyen itacen ''Alnus nepalensis'' suna ba da microhabitat ga nau'o'in kamar ƙwayoyin ''[[Aulacophora indica]]''.]] Microhabitat ya ƙunshi ƙananan buƙatun jiki na wani kwayoyin halitta ko yawan jama'a. Kowane mazaunin ya haɗa da adadi mai yawa na nau'ikan microhabitat tare da bayyanar haske, danshi, zafin jiki, motsi na iska, da sauran dalilai. Lichen da ke girma a gefen arewa na dutse sun bambanta da waɗanda ke girma a fuskar kudu, daga waɗanda ke saman matakin, da waɗanda ke tsiro a ƙasa da ke kusa; lichens da ke girma cikin rami da kuma a kan abubuwan da aka ɗaga sun bambanta da wadanda ke girma a kan jijiyoyin quartz. Tsakanin waɗannan ƙananan "bishiyoyi" sune microfauna, nau'ikan dabbobi marasa rai, kowannensu yana da takamaiman bukatun mazauninsa.<ref name="ngpNx">{{Cite web |title=Microhabitat types |url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/lichen/ecology-habitats-micro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414150015/https://www.anbg.gov.au/lichen/ecology-habitats-micro.html |archive-date=14 April 2016 |access-date=18 May 2016 |website=Australian National Botanic Gardens, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (An Australian Government Initiative) |publisher=Government of the Commonwealth of Australia}}</ref> Akwai nau'ikan microhabitat daban-daban a cikin itace; gandun daji mai laushi, gandun daji, bishiyoyi masu warwatse, gefen gandun daji na gandun daji. Tushen itace, reshe, reshe. bud, ganye, ganye. fure, da 'ya'yan itace; gashi mai laushi mai laushi. Mafi girman bambancin tsari a cikin itace, mafi yawan nau'ikan microhabitat da za su kasance. Nau'o'in bishiyoyi da ke da nau'ikan samfurori daban-daban na girma da shekaru, da kuma siffofi masu yawa kamar rafi, yankuna masu matakin, gangara, waƙoƙi, da wuraren da aka sare za su samar da yanayin da ya dace ga yawancin tsire-tsire da dabbobi. Misali, a Burtaniya an kiyasta cewa nau'ikan katako daban-daban suna gida ga fiye da nau'ikan dabbobi 1700. Ga kwayar cuta, mazauninta shine wani bangare na waje ko ciki na mai masaukin sa a ko inda ya dace da rayuwa. Tsarin rayuwa na wasu kwayar cuta ya haɗa da nau'o'in masu karɓar bakuncin daban-daban, da kuma matakan rayuwa masu zaman kansu, wani lokacin a cikin nau'ikan microhabitat daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan kwayoyin shine trematode (flatworm) ''Microphallus turgidus'', wanda ke cikin ruwan gishiri a kudu maso gabashin Amurka. Matsayinta na farko na tsakiya shine kwari kuma na biyu, Gilashin shrimp. Mai karɓar bakuncin na ƙarshe shine tsuntsayen ruwa ko dabba mai shayarwa wanda ke cinye shrimp. == Nau'ikan mazaunin da suka fi dacewa == {{Biology nav}} [[File:Cryptoendolith.jpg|right|thumb|Wani dutse na Antarctic ya rabu don nuna siffofin rayuwa na Endolithic wanda ke nunawa a matsayin kore mai kauri 'yan millimeters]] Kodayake yawancin rayuwa a Duniya suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin [[Mesophile|mesophyllic]] (mai matsakaici), wasu kwayoyin halitta, mafi yawansu ƙwayoyin cuta, sun sami nasarar mallaki matsanancin yanayin da bai dace da siffofin rayuwa masu rikitarwa ba. Akwai [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]], alal misali, da ke zaune a Tafkin Whillans, rabin mil a ƙarƙashin kankara na Antarctica; idan babu hasken rana, dole ne su dogara da kayan halitta daga wasu wurare, watakila lalacewar abu daga ruwan da ya narke ko ma'adanai daga dutsen da ke ƙasa. Ana iya samun wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa a cikin Mariana Trench, wuri mafi zurfi a cikin teku da Duniya; dusar ƙanƙara ta ruwa tana sauka daga saman teku kuma tana tarawa a cikin wannan kwarin karkashin teku, tana ba da abinci mai gina jiki ga al'ummar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta masu yawa.<ref name="Y9kb7">{{Cite web |last=Choi |first=Charles Q. |date=17 March 2013 |title=Microbes Thrive in Deepest Spot on Earth |url=http://www.livescience.com/27954-microbes-mariana-trench.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402234623/http://www.livescience.com/27954-microbes-mariana-trench.html |archive-date=2 April 2013 |access-date=18 May 2016 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> Yankin intertidal da Yankin photic a cikin teku sune sanannun nau'ikan mazaunin. Koyaya yawancin teku ba su da kyau ga mutane masu numfashi, tare da Masu nutsewa a cikin ruwa da aka iyakance zuwa sama da {{Convert|50|m|ft|-1}} ko haka. Ƙananan iyaka don photosynthesis shine 100 zuwa 200 kuma a ƙasa da wannan zurfin yanayin da ya fi dacewa ya haɗa da duhu, matsin lamba, ƙananan iskar oxygen (a wasu wurare), albarkatun abinci da matsanancin sanyi. Wannan mazaunin yana da ƙalubale sosai ga bincike, kuma ba a yi nazari sosai ba, yana da yawa, tare da kashi 79% na Yanayin halittu na duniya yana da zurfin fiye da {{Convert|1000|m|ft|-2}} m (3,300 . Ba tare da rayuwar shuka ba, dabbobin da ke cikin wannan yanki ko dai Masu cin ganyayyaki ne, suna dogara da abinci da ke sauka daga saman, ko kuma masu cin nama ne, suna cinye juna. Wasu kwayoyin suna cikin teku, suna iyo ko yawo a tsakiyar teku, yayin da wasu ke cikin teku, ke zaune a kan ko kusa da zurfin teku. Yawan girma da metabolism suna da jinkiri, idanunsu na iya zama babba sosai don gano abin da ɗan haske yake, ko kuma suna iya zama makafi kuma su dogara da wasu abubuwan ji. Yawancin halittu masu zurfi na teku suna da haske; wannan yana aiki da ayyuka daban-daban ciki har da farauta, kariya da kuma fahimtar jama'a. Gabaɗaya, jikin dabbobi da ke rayuwa a zurfi mai zurfi sun dace da yanayin matsin lamba ta hanyar samun kwayoyin halitta masu tsayayya da matsin lamba da ƙananan kwayoyin halitta a cikin sel ɗin da aka sani da [[Piezolyte|piezolytes]], wanda ke ba da sunadarai sassauci da suke buƙata. Har ila yau, akwai kitse marasa cikawa a cikin membranes wanda ke hana su karfafawa a yanayin zafi.<ref name="JetfZ">{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=What does it take to live at the bottom of the ocean? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/future |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513205236/http://www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20150129-life-at-the-bottom-of-the-ocean |archive-date=13 May 2016 |access-date=19 May 2016 |publisher=BBC Earth}}</ref> [[File:Dense_mass_of_anomuran_crab_Kiwa_around_deep-sea_hydrothermal_vent.jpg|right|thumb|Kyakkyawan tarin fararen crabs a cikin iska mai zafi, tare da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a dama]] An fara gano hanyoyin hydrothermal a cikin zurfin teku a shekarar 1977. Suna haifar da ruwan teku da ya zama mai zafi bayan ya shiga cikin tsagewa zuwa wuraren da [[Magma]] mai zafi yake kusa da gindin teku. Ruwan zafi na karkashin ruwa na iya fitowa a yanayin zafi sama da {{Convert|340|°C|°F|-1}} ° C (640 ° F) kuma yana tallafawa al'ummomin halittu na musamman a kusa da su. Tushen wannan rayuwa mai yawa shine chemosynthesis, tsari wanda ƙwayoyin cuta ke canza irin waɗannan abubuwa kamar hydrogen sulfide ko ammoniya zuwa kwayoyin halitta.<ref name="SnmYR">{{Cite web |title=Hydrothermal Vent Creatures |url=http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-videos/hydrothermal-vent-creatures |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524171254/http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-videos/hydrothermal-vent-creatures |archive-date=24 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2016 |website=Ocean Portal |publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History}}</ref> Wadannan kwayoyin cuta da Archaea sune manyan masu samarwa a cikin waɗannan yanayin halittu kuma suna tallafawa rayuwa daban-daban. Kimanin nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta 350, wadanda suka mamaye molluscs, polychaete worms da crustaceans, an gano su a kusa da hanyoyin hydrothermal a ƙarshen karni na ashirin, mafi yawansu sabo ne ga kimiyya kuma suna da alaƙa da waɗannan nau'ikan mazaunin. Baya ga samar da damar motsi ga dabbobi masu fuka-fuki da kuma hanyar warwatsa hatsi na pollen, spores da tsaba, ana iya la'akari da yanayi a matsayin nau'in mazaunin kansa. Akwai kwayoyin cuta masu aiki da ke cikin metabolism waɗanda ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna ciyar da duk rayuwarsu a cikin iska, tare da daruruwan dubban kwayoyin halitta da aka kiyasta suna cikin mita cubic na iska. Al'ummar microbial na iska na iya zama daban-daban kamar yadda aka samu a cikin ƙasa ko wasu mahalli na ƙasa, duk da haka, waɗannan kwayoyin ba a rarraba su daidai ba, yawan su ya bambanta a sararin samaniya tare da tsawo da yanayin muhalli. Ba a yi nazarin ilimin halittu da yawa ba, amma akwai shaidar nitrogen a cikin [[Gajimare|girgije]], da kuma rashin cikakken shaidar cycling na carbon, dukansu sun sauƙaƙe ta hanyar aikin microbial. Akwai wasu misalai na matsanancin nau'ikan mazaunin inda aka saba da nau'ikan rayuwa na musamman; tar tar tar tar pits cike da rayuwar microbial; da ke faruwa a dabi'a mai mai cike da larvae na man fetur fly; maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zafi inda zafin jiki na iya zama sama da {{Convert|71|°C}} ° C (160 ° F) da cyanobacteria ke haifar da microbial seeps; <ref name="Ot0z9">{{Cite journal |last=McGregor, G.B. |last2=Rasmussen, J.P. |year=2008 |title=Cyanobacterial composition of microbial mats from an Australian thermal spring: a polyphasic evaluation |journal=FEMS Microbiology Ecology |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=23–35 |bibcode=2008FEMME..63...23M |doi=10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00405.x |pmid=18081588 |doi-access=free}}</ref> sanyi da hydrogen sulfide suna fitowa daga ƙasa ta teku kuma tallafawa microbes da mafi girma kamar su suna suna suna suna Walkuts na cututtukan acid acid acid acidyyyy acy acyy actic hyccccly da ake amfani da su ne: <ref name="0YJr8">{{Cite web |last=Hsing, Pen-Yuan |date=18 October 2010 |title=Gas-powered Circle of Life: Succession in a Deep-sea Ecosystem |url=http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/10lophelia/logs/oct18/oct18.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225105310/http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/10lophelia/logs/oct18/oct18.html |archive-date=25 February 2014 |access-date=22 May 2016 |website=Lophelia II 2010 |publisher=NOAA}}</ref> suna suna suna karɓar waɗannan kwayoyin cutacecece-ccc anticcctics suna karɓar bauctic hyctics suna suna karɓa, kankara mai kankara tare da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyi iri-iri; da filayen dusar ƙanƙara inda algae ke girma. <ref name="0yqn0">{{Cite web |last=Takeuchi, Nozomu |year=2014 |title=Snow algae on Alaskan glaciers |url=http://www-es.s.chiba-u.ac.jp/~takeuchi/snowalgae_ak.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329200551/http://www-es.s.chiba-u.ac.jp/~takeuchi/snowalgae_ak.html |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref> == Canjin mazaunin == Ko daga matakai na halitta ko ayyukan mutum, shimfidar wurare da nau'ikan mazauninsu masu alaƙa suna canzawa a tsawon lokaci. Akwai saurin canje-canje na geomorphological da ke da alaƙa da matakai na geologic waɗanda ke haifar da hauhawar tectonic da raguwa, da kuma canje-canje masu sauri da ke da alaka da girgizar ƙasa, rushewar ƙasa, guguwa, ambaliyar ruwa, gobarar daji, rushewa na bakin teku, sare daji da canje-canje a cikin amfani da ƙasa. Sa'an nan kuma akwai canje-canje a cikin nau'ikan mazaunin da aka kawo ta hanyar canje-canje na ayyukan noma, yawon bude ido, gurɓata, raguwa da canjin yanayi. Rashin mazaunin shine babbar barazana ga kowane nau'in. Idan tsibirin da ke zaune a cikin kwayoyin halitta ya zama wanda ba za a iya zama ba saboda wani dalili, jinsin [[Karewar kwayoyin halitta|ya ƙare]]. Duk wani nau'in mazaunin da ke kewaye da mazaunin daban-daban yana cikin irin wannan yanayin ga tsibirin. Idan an raba gandun daji zuwa sassa ta hanyar katako, tare da sassan ƙasar da aka share da ke raba tubalan gandun daji, kuma nisan tsakanin sauran raguwa ya wuce nisan da dabba ɗaya ke iya tafiya, wannan nau'in ya zama mai rauni musamman. Ƙananan jama'a gabaɗaya ba su da bambancin kwayoyin halitta kuma suna iya fuskantar barazanar karuwar farauta, karuwar gasa, cututtuka da bala'i ba zato ba tsammani. A gefen kowane yanki na gandun daji, karuwar haske yana ƙarfafa ci gaban na biyu na nau'in da ke girma da sauri kuma tsofaffin bishiyoyi masu girma sun fi fuskantar katako yayin da aka inganta damar. Tsuntsaye da ke yin gida a cikin ramuka, epiphytes da ke rataye daga rassan su da invertebrates a cikin ganyen ganye duk suna da mummunar tasiri kuma an rage bambancin halittu. Za'a iya inganta raguwar mazaunin zuwa wani mataki ta hanyar samar da hanyoyin dabbobin daji da ke haɗa raguwa. Wadannan na iya zama kogi, rami, bishiyoyi, shinge ko ma hanyar da ke karkashin hanya zuwa babbar hanya. Ba tare da hanyoyin ba, tsaba ba za su iya warwatsewa ba kuma dabbobi, musamman ƙananan, ba za su taɓa tafiya ta cikin yankin abokan gaba ba, suna sanya yawan jama'a cikin haɗarin halaka na gida. === Rarrabawar === {{Authority control}} === Halakawa === {{Biology nav}} == Kare mazaunin == {{Authority control}}Kare nau'ikan mazaunin wani mataki ne mai mahimmanci wajen kula da bambancin halittu saboda idan lalacewar mazaunin ta faru, dabbobi da tsire-tsire da suka dogara da wannan mazaunin suna shan wahala. Kasashe da yawa sun kafa dokoki don kare dabbobinsu. Wannan na iya ɗaukar nau'in kafa wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, wuraren ajiyar gandun daji da wuraren ajiyar namun daji, ko kuma yana iya ƙuntata ayyukan mutane tare da manufar amfanin namun daji. Ana iya tsara dokoki don kare wani nau'in ko rukuni na nau'in, ko kuma doka na iya hana irin waɗannan ayyukan kamar tattara ƙwai na tsuntsaye, farautar dabbobi ko cire shuke-shuke. Dokar gaba ɗaya game da kariya ga nau'ikan mazaunin na iya zama da wahala a aiwatarwa fiye da takamaiman buƙatun shafin. Wani ra'ayi da aka gabatar a Amurka a cikin 1973 ya haɗa da kare mahimman wuraren zama na nau'in da ke cikin haɗari, kuma an haɗa irin wannan ra'ayi a cikin wasu dokokin Australiya. Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa na iya zama dole don irin waɗannan manufofi kamar kafa wuraren ajiyar ruwa. Wani yarjejeniya na kasa da kasa, Yarjejeniyar kan Tsaro na Dabbobi masu ƙaura, yana kare dabbobi da ke ƙaura a duk faɗin duniya kuma suna buƙatar kariya a cikin ƙasa fiye da ɗaya.<ref name="A4iV3">{{Cite web |title=Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals |url=http://www.cms.int/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307065602/http://www.cms.int/ |archive-date=7 March 2011 |access-date=7 July 2016 |publisher=UNEP/CMS Secretariat}}</ref> Ko da inda doka ke kare muhalli, rashin tilasta sau da yawa yana hana ingantaccen kariya. Koyaya, kariya ga nau'ikan mazaunin yana buƙatar la'akari da bukatun mazauna yankin don abinci, man fetur da sauran albarkatu. Da yake fuskantar yunwa da talauci, manomi na iya noma wani matakin ƙasa duk da cewa shi ne wurin zama na ƙarshe da ya dace da nau'in da ke cikin haɗari kamar San Quintin kangaroo rat, har ma ya kashe dabba a matsayin annoba. A cikin amfanin Yawon shakatawa na muhalli yana da kyau cewa al'ummomin yankin suna da ilimi game da bambancin tsire-tsire da dabbobi. == Gidauniyar Gidauniya ==   Nau'in mazaunin da ba shi da tsari ɗaya ra'ayi ne da wani lokacin ake amfani da shi a [[Ilimin halittu na kiyayewa|fannin ilmin halittu na kiyayewa]], inda nau'in dabba ko shuka ɗaya ne kawai nau'insa da aka samu a cikin wani takamaiman wurin zama kuma ya samar da [[Noma iri Daya|al'adu ɗaya]] . Ko da yake yana iya zama kamar irin wannan nau'in mazaunin yana cikin talauci a cikin [[bambancin halittu]] idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan mazaunin [[wiktionary:polytypic|polytypic]], wannan ba lallai bane haka lamarin yake. Al'adun shukar da ba ta da tushe guda ɗaya na ''Hydrilla'' suna tallafawa nau'ikan namun daji masu wadata iri ɗaya na marasa ƙashi a matsayin wurin zama daban-daban. Mahalli ɗaya ne kawai ke faruwa a cikin yanayin tsirrai da na dabbobi. Wasu nau'ikan halittu masu cin zarafi na iya ƙirƙirar wurare daban-daban na al'adu daban-daban waɗanda ke hana wasu nau'ikan girma a can. Mulkin mallaka mai rinjaye na iya faruwa ne sakamakon sinadarai masu hana ruwa gudu da aka fitar, ko kuma rashin sarrafa sinadarai masu gina jiki, ko kuma rashin sarrafa yanayi, kamar masu cin ciyawa ko yanayi, waɗanda ke daidaita su da nau'in mazauninsu na asali. Tsarin tsirrai masu launin rawaya, <nowiki><i id="mwAtE">Centaurea solstitialis</i></nowiki> misali ne na wannan wurin zama na tsirrai, wanda a halin yanzu ya mamaye fiye da {{Convert|15000000|acre|km2}} a California kaɗai. <ref name="m9qmw">{{Cite web |title=1970 distribution of yellow starthistle in the U.S. |url=http://wric.ucdavis.edu/yst/images/none/nc4.JPG |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231024708/http://wric.ucdavis.edu/yst/images/none/nc4.JPG |archive-date=31 December 2006 |website=Yellow Starthistle Information |publisher=[[University of California, Davis|UCD]]}}</ref> Ruwan zebra mai launin ruwan kasa wanda ba na asali ba ne, <nowiki><i id="mwAtg">Dreissena polymorpha</i></nowiki>, wanda ke mamaye yankunan Manyan Tafkuna da kuma [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin]] [[Mississippi (kogi)|Mississippi]], misali ne na mazaunin dabbobi; dabbobin daji ko ƙwayoyin cuta da ke sarrafa shi a cikin ƙasarsu a Rasha ba su nan. <ref name="RnZlu">{{Cite web |title=Invasive Mussels |url=https://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Threats-to-Wildlife/Invasive-Species/Invasive-Mussels.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817005333/https://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Threats-to-Wildlife/Invasive-Species/Invasive-Mussels.aspx |archive-date=17 August 2016 |access-date=29 June 2016 |publisher=National Wildlife Federation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Dubi kuma == {{Excerpt|Habitat fragmentation}} == Bayanan kula da nassoshi == {{Excerpt|Habitat destruction}}<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Haɗin waje == {{Clear}}<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" /> * {{Commons category-inline|Habitats}} * {{Wiktionary-inline|habitat}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ntzbk1f16awl803a5q05t92677da1x7 Vincent Aboubakar 0 6784 967664 902783 2026-10-14T21:27:40Z Nura Bello 24854 967664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Vincent Paté Aboubakar''' (an haife shi ne a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Kamaru wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba, kwanan nan a kulob din Neftçi na Premier League na Azerbaijan kuma Kyaftin din tawagar ƙasar Kamaru . Aboubakar ya fara aikinsa a Coton Sport kuma ya koma Turai a shekarar 2010, inda ya buga wa ƙungiyoyin Ligue 1 Valenciennes da Lorient wasa, jimillar wasanni 109 da kuma kwallaye 26 a manyan ƙungiyoyin Faransa. A shekarar 2015, ya sanya hannu a Porto, inda ya buga wasanni 125 kuma ya zura kwallaye 58, inda ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga. Ya lashe gasar Turkish Süper Lig a lokacin da yake aro a Beşiktaş a shekarar 2017, sannan kuma a shekarar 2021. Aboubakar ya samu fiye da 110 a [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|Kamaru]] tun lokacin da ya fara buga wasan kasa da kasa a watan Mayu 2010. A halin yanzu shi ne na biyu mafi girma a tarihin tawagar kasa, bayan [[Samuel Eto'o]] kawai. Ya kasance daga cikin tawagar su a gasar cin [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|Kofin Duniya na FIFA]] ta 2010, 2014 da [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|2022]] da kuma gasar cin [[Gasar cin kofin Afrika|Kofin Kasashen Afirka]] a 2015, 2017, 2021 da [[Gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afrika 2023|2023]]. Aboubakar ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na gasar 2017, kuma shine Babban mai zira kwallaye a shekarar 2021. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Vincent Aboubakar a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 1992 a [[Garoua]], yankin Arewacin Kamaru . An haife shi a cikin iyalin [[Kirista]] masu ibada a cikin birni mai yawan Musulmai kuma mahaifiyarsa Maobeal Alice ta kasance mai hidima ga ƙungiyar masu wa'azi na bishara ta Kamaru . == Ayyukan kulob din == [[Fayil:FC_Lorient_-_June_27th_2013_training_-_Vincent_Aboubakar_1.JPG|left|thumb|201x201px|Aboubakar tare da Lorient a cikin 2013]] === Mata na Valencian === On 26 May 2010, Aboubakar signed with Valenciennes in France.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Valenciennes recrute à Quevilly |url=http://www.sport.fr/football/ligue-1-valenciennes-recrute-quevilly-187583.shtm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719172946/http://www.sport.fr/football/ligue-1-valenciennes-recrute-quevilly-187583.shtm |archive-date=19 July 2011 |access-date=19 July 2011 |website=sport.fr}}</ref> He was assigned the number 9 shirt and made his debut in the club's opening league match of the season against Nice appearing as a substitute. He scored his first goal and hat-trick against Boulogne in Coupe de la Ligue. === Gabas ta Tsakiya === Aboubakar signed for Lorient on a free transfer on 1 July 2013. He made his debut for the Breton team on 10 August, playing the full 90 minutes of a 1–0 loss at Lille, and scored his first goal eight days later, equalising in a 2–1 win over Nantes at the Stade du Moustoir. He came joint second top scorer over the season with 16 league goals from 35 appearances, including braces in a 4–0 win at Évian on 23 November and a 4–4 home draw with Montpellier on 20 April 2014. === Porto === [[Fayil:Shahter-Portu_(1).jpg|thumb|301x301px|Aboubakar yana wasa a FC Porto a shekarar 2014]] Aboubakar ya sanya hannu a Porto a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta 2014, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu don kudin Yuro miliyan 3, daidai da kashi 30% na haƙƙin tattalin arzikinsa. Ya kasance a baya ga Hull City. Ya fara bugawa a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba a wasan 1-1 na Premier League a Vitória S.C., inda ya maye gurbin Héctor Herrera a karin lokaci. Kwanaki uku bayan haka a [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]], bayan ya zo Jackson Martínez, ya zira kwallaye na farko a Porto don kammala nasarar da ya samu a gida 6-0 a kan BATE Borisov a matakin rukuni na gasar zakarurorin Turai ta UEFA. A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, kuma a matsayin mai maye gurbin Colombian, ya zira kwallaye na farko don kammala nasarar 5-0 a F.C. Arouca . An yi amfani da shi kusan kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin a lokacin kakar, yayin da Porto ta kammala matsayi na biyu ga S.L. Benfica. In his second season in Portugal, following the sale of Martínez, Aboubakar played much more regularly. He opened the season on 15 August 2015 with two goals in a 3–0 win over Vitória at the Estádio do Dragão, and scored twice the following 10 January in a 5–0 win at city rivals Boavista FC. He scored once in five games as the team reached the final of the Taça de Portugal, and scored the only goal of the fifth-round win at C.D. Feirense on 16 December 2015. ==== Kudin zuwa Beşiktaş ==== A ranar 27 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2016, 'yan wasan [[Süper Lig|Super Lig]] [[Beşiktaş]] sun sanya hannu kan Aboubakar kan aro na tsawon lokaci. Ya fara bugawa kulob din [[Istanbul]] a ranar 10 ga watan Satumba, inda ya maye gurbin Olcay Shaan a minti shida na karshe na nasarar 3-1 a gida a kan Kardemir Karabükspor . Bai ci kwallo ba har sai wasan sa na takwas, inda ya ba da gudummawa ga kwallaye biyu ga nasarar 3-2 a gasar zakarun Turai a Napoli a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2016 wanda shine nasarar farko ta kulob din a gasar tun Nuwamba 2009. Kwanaki hudu bayan haka ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar, ya kuma taimaka wa Talisca a nasarar 3-0 a kan [[Antalyaspor]] a Vodafone Park . A watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, ya zira kwallaye a kowane bangare na nasarar da ya samu 5-2 a kan Olympiacos a zagaye na 16 a gasar UEFA Europa League, kodayake an kore shi a wasan na biyu don yaƙi da Panagiotis Retsos . Ya gama kakar wasa ta bana inda ya zira kwallaye 12 a wasanni 27 da ya buga, yayin da Black Eagles suka ci gaba da lashe gasar. ==== Komawa zuwa Porto ==== Bayan ya koma Portugal, Aboubakar ya kasance wani ɓangare na hari uku da aka yi da 'yan wasan Afirka, tare da [[Musa Marega|Moussa Marega]] na Mali da [[Yacine Brahimi]] na Aljeriya. Ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Dragons a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta 2017 a cikin nasarar 3-0 a gida a kan Moreirense FC. A ranar 13 ga watan Satumba, yayin da yakin neman zagaye na farko ya fara ne da asarar gida 3-1 ga Beşiktaş, ya yi bikin tare da tsoffin abokan aikinsa a cikin ɗakin su. Ya zira kwallaye sau biyar a cikin rukuni yayin da Porto ta ci gaba, ciki har da kwallaye biyu a duka nasarar da ya samu a kan zakarun Faransa AS Monaco . A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba, ya sake zira kwallaye a cikin nasara 5-0 a Vitória F.C. wanda ya mayar da Porto a saman teburin. A watan Satumbar 2018, Aboubakar ya sami rauni a baya a kan C.D. Tondela . An yi masa tiyata, wanda ya haifar da rashin sauka na dogon lokaci. A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2019, ya dawo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Marega a cikin nasara 4-0 a gida a kan CD Aves. A ranar 18 ga watan Agustan 2019, Aboubakar ya buga cikakken minti 90 na wasan 1-1 na FC Porto B a gida tare da Varzim S.C. a LigaPro . === Komawa zuwa Beşiktaş === Bayan ya dakatar da kwangilarsa tare da Porto, Aboubakar ya koma Istanbul don saduwa da Beşiktaş a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2020. Kashegari, ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 31 ga Mayu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2020 |title=Vincent Aboubakar'ın lisansı çıktı! |trans-title=Vincent Aboubakar's license released! |url=https://www.duhuliye.com/futbol/vincent-aboubakar-in-lisansi-cikti-h34719.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030064508/https://www.duhuliye.com/futbol/vincent-aboubakar-in-lisansi-cikti-h34719.html |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=26 September 2020 |publisher=Duhuliye |language=tr}}</ref> A cikin kakar wasa daya da ya yi a Istanbul, shi ne na biyar mafi girma da ya zira kwallaye tare da kwallaye 15 yayin da tawagarsa ta lashe gasar. Wannan ya hada da biyu a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba a cikin nasara 4-3 a abokan hamayyar birni [[Fenerbahçe S.K.|Fenerbahçe]] . === Al Nassr === A ranar 8 ga Yuni 2021, Aboubakar ya sanya hannu tare da kungiyar Saudi Pro League [[Al-Nassr|Al Nassr]] kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku. An saita albashinsa a € 6 miliyan a kowace shekara. Aboubakar ya cimma yarjejeniya don dakatar da kwangilarsa a kulob din da ke [[Riyadh]] a watan Janairun 2023, ana biyan shi don abin da ya rage. An buƙaci ficewarsa don ya 'yantar da wani wuri na baƙo ga [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]. === Lokaci na uku a Beşiktaş === A ranar 21 ga watan Janairun 2023, Aboubakar ya sake sanya hannu tare da kulob din Beşiktaş na Turkiyya a matsayin maye gurbin dan wasan gaba mai barin Wout Weghorst. Yarjejeniyar shekara 2 da rabi ta haɗa da kyautar sa hannu ta Yuro miliyan 1.1 da Yuro miliyan 1.5 don kakar 2022-23, da Yuro milio 3.1 a kowane kakar don sauran lokutan, ban da matsakaicin Yuro 12,000 a kowane wasa dangane da tsawon lokaci da nau'in gasar. Aboubakar ya zira kwallaye 13 daga wasanni 16 a rabi na biyu na kakar, ya sanya shi na tara a cikin jerin manyan masu zira kwallayen Süper Lig na 2022-23. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2022 |title=İlk Sırada Hangi Forvet Var? Bu Sezon Süper Lig'de Dakika Başına En Çok Gol Atan Futbolcular |url=https://onedio.com/haber/ilk-sirada-hangi-forvet-var-bu-sezon-super-lig-de-dakika-basina-en-cok-gol-atan-futbolcular-1154599 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231092719/https://onedio.com/haber/ilk-sirada-hangi-forvet-var-bu-sezon-super-lig-de-dakika-basina-en-cok-gol-atan-futbolcular-1154599 |archive-date=31 December 2023 |access-date=31 December 2023 |website=Onedio |language=Turkish}}</ref>  A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, an sanar da cewa an cire Aboubakar daga tawagar tare da Valentin Rosier, Eric Bailly, [[Rachid Ghezzal]] da Jean Onana saboda rashin aiki da rashin daidaituwa a cikin tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kulübümüzden Bilgilendirme |url=https://bjk.com.tr/tr/haber/87745/kulubumuzden-bilgilendirme.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211111726/https://bjk.com.tr/tr/haber/87745/kulubumuzden-bilgilendirme.html |archive-date=11 December 2023 |access-date=11 December 2023 |publisher=Beşiktaş J.K.}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairun 2024, kulob din ya gafarta wa Aboubakar, kuma ya fara horo tare da tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2024 |title=Beşiktaş'ta Vincent Aboubakar geri döndü |url=https://www.cnnturk.com/spor/futbol/kadro-disi-olan-vincent-aboubakar-geri-dondu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214154912/https://www.cnnturk.com/spor/futbol/kadro-disi-olan-vincent-aboubakar-geri-dondu |archive-date=14 February 2024 |access-date=14 February 2024 |publisher=cnnturk.com}}</ref> An haɗa shi a cikin tawagar don wasan da ke zuwa da Konyaspor . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beşiktaş'ta Aboubakar 13 maç sonra kadroya döndü |url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/sporskor/besiktasta-aboubakar-13-mac-sonra-kadroya-dondu,WcKkThOLvkeqn8UjKTH-Ag |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219182326/https://www.ntv.com.tr/sporskor/besiktasta-aboubakar-13-mac-sonra-kadroya-dondu,WcKkThOLvkeqn8UjKTH-Ag |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=19 February 2024 |publisher=ntvspor}}</ref> === Hatayspor === Aboubakar ya sanya hannu tare da kulob din Hatayspor na Turkiyya bayan ya dakatar da kwangilarsa da [[Beşiktaş]] saboda wani dalili da ba a bayyana ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vincent Aboubakar, Atakaş Hatayspor'a Transfer Oldu |url=https://bjk.com.tr/tr/haber/89733/vincent-aboubakar-atakas-hatayspora-transfer-oldu.html |access-date=9 September 2024 |publisher=Beşiktaş J.K.}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2025, Aboubakar ya dakatar da kwangilarsa tare da kungiyar Hatayspor ta Turkiyya ta hanyar yarjejeniyar juna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2025 |title=Cameroon captain Aboubakar departs Hatayspor |url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/cameroon-captain-aboubakar-departs-hatayspor |access-date=12 May 2025 |publisher=Pan-Africa football }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Neftçi PFK === A ranar 21 ga Oktoba 2025, Aboubakar ya sanya hannu a kulob din Neftçi na Premier League na Azerbaijan kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda, tare da zaɓi na ƙarin shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xoş gəldin, Vensan Abubakar! |trans-title=Welcome, Vincent Aboubakar! |url=https://neftchi.az/az/news/neftchi-news-2025-10-21-173039 |access-date=21 October 2025 |publisher=Neftçi PFK |language=az }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Mayu 2026, Neftçi ya sanar da cewa Aboubakar zai bar kulob din bayan kwangilarsa ta kare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2026 |title=Abubakar, Kuç və Kostinə təşəkkür edirik! |url=https://neftchi.az/az/news/neftchi-news-2026-05-26-124847 |access-date=26 May 2026 |website=neftchi.az |publisher=Neftçi PFK |language=Azerbaijani }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A ranar 18 ga Agusta 2009, an kira Aboubakar cikin tawagar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Kamaru don wasannin Faransanci a Beirut. A watan Mayu na 2010, yana da shekara 18, an sanya shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 23 ta Kamaru don gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2010. Aboubakar shi ne kaɗai ɗan wasa a cikin ƙungiyar da ke zaune a Kamaru. Ya fara buga wasan sada zumunci a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2010 da Slovakia. A ranar 11 ga Agusta 2010, Aboubakar ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa, a wasan sada zumunci da Poland. An kira shi don shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2014 a Brazil, sannan kuma don shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2015. A gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2017, Aboubakar ya zura ƙwallon minti 88 a wasan ƙarshe wanda ya bai wa Kamaru nasara da ci 2-1 a kan Masar, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen jiran da ƙasarsa ta yi na shekaru 15 na lashe kofin nahiyar. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, yana cikin tawagar Kamaru a gasar cin kofin FIFA Confederation Cup ta 2017 a Rasha. Ya zira kwallon ta'aziyya a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun zakarun duniya Jamus a Sochi a ranar 25 ga Yuni. Aboubakar bai halarci tawagar Kamaru ta gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ba, inda kocinta Clarence Seedorf ya nuna shakku kan lafiyarsa bayan dawowarsa daga rauni na dogon lokaci. Aboubakar ya koma tawagar kasa don gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2021, wadda kasarsa ta dauki nauyin shiryawa a farkon shekara mai zuwa. Ya zira kwallaye biyar a matakin rukuni a kan Burkina Faso, Habasha da Cape Verde, sannan ya zira kwallaye shida a wasan da suka doke Comoros da ci 2-1 a zagaye na 16. A wasan da ya zo na uku da Burkina Faso, ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka tashi 3-3, wanda daga karshe aka ci shi a bugun fenariti. Da kwallaye 8 a wasanni 7, shi ne ya fi zura kwallaye kuma ya shiga cikin kungiyar da ta fi kowacce yawan kwallaye a gasar. A gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022, ya zura kwallo daya sannan ya taimaka aka tashi kunnen doki 3-3 da Serbia. BBC Sport ta bayyana kwallon da ya ci a matsayin "abin takaici". Ya zura kwallon da ta yi nasara a kan [[Brazil]] a wasa na uku, bayan haka ya ci katin gargadi na biyu saboda cire rigarsa, don haka aka kore shi daga wasa. An ji rauni a Aboubakar kafin gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2023 a Ivory Coast. Ya murmure a kan lokaci a wasanni 16 na karshe, inda abokan hamayyarsa Najeriya suka fitar da tawagarsa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama wasa na 100 da tawagar kasar. A watan Disamba na 2025, an cire shi daga tawagar karshe ta gasar cin kofin kasashen [[Afirka]] ta 2025. == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{updated|match played 23 May 2026}}<ref name=SW/>{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de France]], [[Taça de Portugal]], [[Turkish Cup]], [[King's Cup (Saudi Arabia)|King Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|League cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]], [[Taça da Liga]]}} !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[Coton Sport FC de Garoua|Coton Sport]] |[[2009–10 Elite One|2009–10]] |[[Elite One]] |15||7||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||15||7 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Valenciennes FC|Valenciennes]] |[[2010–11 Ligue 1|2010–11]] |rowspan="3"|[[Ligue 1]] |17||1||1||0||2||3||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||20||4 |- |[[2011–12 Ligue 1|2011–12]] |27||6||4||2||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||31||8 |- |[[2012–13 Ligue 1|2012–13]] |28||2||0||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||30||3 |- !colspan="2"|Total !72!!9!!6!!3!!3!!3!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!81!!15 |- |rowspan="3"|[[FC Lorient|Lorient]] |[[2013–14 Ligue 1|2013–14]] |rowspan="2"|Ligue 1 |35||16||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||36||16 |- |[[2014–15 FC Lorient season|2014–15]] |2||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||2||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total !37!!17!!1!!0!!0!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!38!!17 |- |rowspan="6"|[[FC Porto|Porto]] |[[2014–15 FC Porto season|2014–15]] |rowspan="5"|[[Primeira Liga]] |14||4||0||0||2||1||4{{efn|name=UCL|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||3||colspan="2"|—||20||8 |- |[[2015–16 FC Porto season|2015–16]] |28||13||5||1||1||1||8{{efn|Six appearances and three goals in UEFA Champions League, two appearances in UEFA Europa League}}||3||colspan="2"|—||42||18 |- |[[2017–18 FC Porto season|2017–18]] |28||15||5||4||4||2||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||5||colspan="2"|—||43||26 |- |[[2018–19 FC Porto season|2018–19]] |8||4||0||0||1||0||1{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||1{{efn|name=SCO|Appearance in [[Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira]]}}||0||11||4 |- |[[2019–20 FC Porto season|2019–20]] |5||0||2||0||0||0||2{{efn|One appearance in UEFA Champions League, one appearance and two goals in UEFA Europa League}}||2||colspan="2"|—||9||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total !83!!36!!12!!5!!8!!4!!21!!13!!1!!0!!125!!58 |- |[[Beşiktaş J.K.|Beşiktaş]] (loan) |[[2016–17 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2016–17]] |rowspan="2"|[[Süper Lig]] |27||12||2||1||colspan="2"|—||9{{efn|Six appearances and three goals in UEFA Champions League, three appearances and three goals in UEFA Europa League}}||6||colspan="2"|—||38||19 |- |Beşiktaş |[[2020–21 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2020–21]] |26||15||3||1||colspan="2"|—||0||0||colspan="2"|—||29||16 |- |rowspan="3"|[[Al Nassr FC|Al Nassr]] |[[2021–22 Al-Nassr FC season|2021–22]] |rowspan="2"|[[Saudi Pro League]] |23||8||1||0||colspan="2"|–||3{{efn|name=ACL|Appearances in [[AFC Champions League]]}}||1||colspan="2"|–||27||9 |- |[[2022–23 Al-Nassr FC season|2022–23]] |11||4||1||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||0||0||12||4 |- !colspan="2"|Total !34!!12!!2!!0!!colspan="2"|–!!3!!1!!0!!0!!39!!13 |- |rowspan="3"|Beşiktaş |[[2022–23 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2022–23]] |rowspan="2"|Süper Lig |16||13||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||16||13 |- |[[2023–24 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2023–24]] |22||5||2||0||colspan="2"|—||10{{efn|name=UECL|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}}||7|| colspan="2"|—||34||12 |- !colspan="2"|Total !38!!18!!2!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!10!!7!!colspan="2"|—!!50!!25 |- |[[Hatayspor]] |[[2024–25 Hatayspor season|2024–25]] |Süper Lig |25||7||3||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||28||8 |- |[[Neftçi PFK|Neftçi]] |[[2025–26 Neftçi PFK season|2025–26]] |[[Azerbaijan Premier League]] |16||7||2||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||18||9 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !359!!140!!31!!13!!11!!7!!43!!27!!1!!0!!444!!187 |} {{notelist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Aikin kasa da kasa == [[File:Cameroon-Chilie (8).jpg|thumb|Aboubakar playing against [[Chile national football team|Chile]] at the 2017 Confederations Cup]] {{updated|match played 13 November 2025}}<ref name=nft>{{NFT player}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="16"|[[Cameroon national football team|Cameroon]] |2010||7||1 |- |2011||5||0 |- |2012||5||0 |- |2013||4||0 |- |2014||10||5 |- |2015||12||6 |- |2016||5||2 |- |2017||16||5 |- |2018||1||1 |- |2019||2||0 |- |2020||2||3 |- |2021||8||2 |- |2022||17||10 |- |2023||4||2 |- |2024||10||5 |- |2025||9||3 |- !colspan="2"|Total!!117!!45 |} {{updated|match played 9 June 2025}}<ref name=nft/><ref name=SW>{{soccerway|vincent-aboubakar/131021}}</ref> :''Scores and results list Cameroon's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Aboubakar goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Vincent Aboubakar !scope="col"|No. !scope="col" data-sort-type="date"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Cap !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition |- |align="center"|1 |11 August 2010||[[Stadion Poznań]], [[Poznań]], Poland||align="center"|5||{{fb|POL}}||align="center"|3–0||align="center"|3–0||[[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]] |- |align="center"|2 |5 March 2014||[[Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa]], [[Leiria]], Portugal||align="center"|22||{{fb|POR}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|1–5||Friendly |- |align="center"|3 |6 September 2014||[[Stade TP Mazembe]], [[Lubumbashi]], DR Congo||align="center"|27||{{fb|DRC}}||align="center"|2–0||align="center"|2–0||[[2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group D|2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|4 |rowspan="2"|10 September 2014||rowspan="2"|[[Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium]], [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|28||rowspan="2"|{{fb|CIV}}||align="center"|2–1||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|5 |align="center"|3–1 |- |align="center"|6 |15 November 2014||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|30||{{fb|DRC}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|7 |10 January 2015||[[Stade d'Angondjé]], [[Libreville]], Gabon||align="center"|32||{{fb|RSA}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–1||Friendly |- |align="center"|8 |25 March 2015||[[Gelora Delta Stadium]], [[Sidoarjo Regency|Sidoarjo]], Indonesia||align="center"|36||{{fb|IDN}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||Friendly |- |align="center"|9 |6 June 2015||[[Stade Yves-du-Manoir]], [[Colombes]], France||align="center"|37||{{fb|BFA}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|3–2||Friendly |- |align="center"|10 |14 June 2015||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|39||{{fb|MTN|1959}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||[[2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group M|2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|11 |6 September 2015||[[Independence Stadium (Bakau)|Independence Stadium]], [[Bakau]], Gambia||align="center"|40||{{fb|GAM}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|12 |13 November 2015||[[Stade Général Seyni Kountché]], [[Niamey]], Niger||align="center"|42||{{fb|NIG}}||align="center"|2–0||align="center"|3–0||[[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF second round|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|13 |30 May 2016||[[Stade de la Beaujoire]], [[Nantes]], France||align="center"|45||{{fb|FRA}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|2–3||Friendly |- |align="center"|14 |12 November 2016||[[Kouekong Stadium]], [[Bafoussam]], Cameroon||align="center"|48||{{fb|ZAM}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|1–1||[[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF third round|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|15 |5 February 2017||[[Stade d'Angondjé|Stade de l'Amitié]], Libreville, Gabon||align="center"|54||{{fb|EGY}}||align="center"|2–1||align="center"|2–1||[[2017 Africa Cup of Nations final]] |- |align="center"|16 |24 March 2017||[[Mustapha Ben Jannet Stadium]], [[Monastir, Tunisia|Monastir]], Tunisia||align="center"|55||{{fb|TUN}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||Friendly |- |align="center"|17 |10 June 2017||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|57||{{fb|MAR}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||[[2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group B|2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|18 |25 June 2017||[[Fisht Olympic Stadium]], [[Sochi]], Russia||align="center"|60||{{fb|GER}}||align="center"|1–2||align="center"|1–3||[[2017 FIFA Confederations Cup Group B|2017 FIFA Confederations Cup]] |- |align="center"|19 |4 September 2017||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|62||{{fb|NGA}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|1–1||2018 FIFA World Cup qualification |- |align="center"|20 |25 March 2018||[[Jaber Al-Ahmad International Stadium]], [[Kuwait City]], Kuwait||align="center"|65||{{fb|KUW}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|3–1||Friendly |- |align="center"|21 |rowspan="2"|12 November 2020||rowspan="2"|[[Reunification Stadium]], [[Douala]], Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|68||rowspan="2"|{{fb|MOZ}}||align="center"|1–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|[[2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group F|2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|22 |align="center"|2–0 |- |align="center"|23 |16 November 2020||[[Estádio do Zimpeto]], [[Maputo]], Mozambique||align="center"|69||{{fb|MOZ}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|2–0||2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|24 |3 September 2021||[[Olembe Stadium|Paul Biya Stadium]], Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|72||{{fb|MWI}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|2–0||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF second round|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|25 |13 November 2021||[[Orlando Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]], South Africa||align="center"|76||{{fb|MWI}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|4–0||2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |- |align="center"|26 |rowspan="2"|9 January 2022||rowspan="2"|Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|78||rowspan="2"|{{fb|BFA}}||align="center"|1–1||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|2–1||rowspan="2"|[[2021 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- |align="center"|27 |align="center"|2–1 |- |align="center"|28 |rowspan="2"|13 January 2022||rowspan="2"|Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|79||rowspan="2"|{{fb|ETH}}||align="center"|2–1||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|29 |align="center"|3–1 |- |align="center"|30 |17 January 2022||Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|80||{{fb|CPV}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–1||2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|31 |24 January 2022||Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|81||{{fb|COM}}||align="center"|2–0||align="center"|2–1||2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|32 |rowspan="2"|5 February 2022||rowspan="2"|Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|84||rowspan="2"|{{fb|BFA}}||align="center"|2–3||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|3–3||rowspan="2"|2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|33 |align="center"|3–3 |- |align="center"|34 |28 November 2022||[[Al Janoub Stadium]], [[Al Wakrah]], Qatar||align="center"|93||{{fb|SRB}}||align="center"|2–3||align="center"|3–3||[[2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|2022 FIFA World Cup]] |- |align="center"|35 |2 December 2022||[[Lusail Stadium]], [[Lusail]], Qatar||align="center"|94||{{fb|BRA}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||2022 FIFA World Cup |- |align="center"|36 |28 March 2023||[[Dobsonville Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]], South Africa||align="center"|95||{{fb|NAM}}||align="center"|1–2||align="center"|1–2||[[2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group C|2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|37 |12 September 2023||[[Roumdé Adjia Stadium]], [[Garoua]], Cameroon||align="center"|96||{{fb|BDI}}||align="center"|3–0||align="center"|3–0||2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|38 |rowspan="2"|8 June 2024||rowspan="2"|Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|101||rowspan="2"|{{fb|CPV}}||align="center"|2–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Group D|2026 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|39 |align="center"|3–1 |- |align="center"|40 |7 September 2024||[[Japoma Stadium]], Doaula, Cameroon||align="center"|103||{{fb|NAM}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||[[2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group J|2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|41 |11 October 2024||Japoma Stadium, Doaula, Cameroon||align="center"|105||{{fb|KEN}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|4–1||2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|42 |19 November 2024||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|108||{{fb|ZIM}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|2–1||2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|43 |rowspan="2"|25 March 2025||rowspan="2"|Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center" rowspan="2"|110||rowspan="2"|{{fb|LBY}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center" rowspan="2"|3–1||rowspan="2"|2026 FIFA World Cup qualification |- |align="center"|44 |align="center"|3–0 |- | style="text-align:center"|45 || 9 June 2025 || [[Marrakesh Stadium]], [[Marrakesh]], Morocco || align="center" | 112 || {{fb|EQG}} || style="text-align:center"|1–0 || style="text-align:center"|1–1 || Friendly |} ==Daraja== '''Coton Sport''' *[[Elite One]]: [[2009–10 Elite One|2009–10]] '''Beşiktaş''' *[[Süper Lig]]: [[2016-17 Süper Lig|2016–17]],<ref>{{cite news|date=15 May 2016|title=Beşiktaş end Turkish title drought|url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/022d-0e94532b623d-8efdc4253039-1000--besiktas-end-turkish-title-drought/|access-date=1 August 2020|website=[[UEFA]]|archive-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908182601/https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/member-associations/TUR/news/022d-0e94532b623d-8efdc4253039-1000--besiktas-end-turkish-title-drought/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2020–21 Süper Lig|2020–21]] *[[Turkish Cup]]: [[2020–21 Turkish Cup|2020–21]], [[2023–24 Turkish Cup|2023–24]] * [[Turkish Super Cup]]: [[2024 Turkish Super Cup|2024]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.turkiyetoday.com/sports/besiktas-claims-turkcell-super-cup-with-5-0-win-over-galatasaray-35863/|title=Besiktas claims Turkcell Super Cup with 5-0 win over Galatasaray|website=Türkiye Today|date=3 August 2024|access-date=3 August 2024}}</ref> '''Porto''' *[[Primeira Liga]]: [[2017–18 Primeira Liga|2017–18]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://talksport.com/football/porto-break-benfica-dominance-portugal-win-first-league-title-2013-and-have-massive-party|title=Porto break Benfica dominance in Portugal to win first league title since 2013 and have a massive party|last=talkSPORT|date=7 May 2018|work=talkSPORT|access-date=25 May 2018|archive-date=11 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511082149/https://talksport.com/football/porto-break-benfica-dominance-portugal-win-first-league-title-2013-and-have-massive-party|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2019–20 Primeira Liga|2019–20]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 July 2020|title=Juventus held by Sassuolo in thriller, Porto win Primeira Liga title|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/jul/16/european-roundup-juventus-sassuolo-milan-parma-porto-sporting|access-date=1 August 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415042045/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/jul/16/european-roundup-juventus-sassuolo-milan-parma-porto-sporting|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[Taça de Portugal]]: [[2019–20 Taça de Portugal|2019–20]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Porto defeat Benfica to win 17th Portuguese Cup|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/porto-defeat-benfica-win-17th-portuguese-cup-221103259--sow.html|date=1 August 2020|access-date=1 August 2020|website=Yahoo Sports|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808070159/https://sports.yahoo.com/porto-defeat-benfica-win-17th-portuguese-cup-221103259--sow.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira]]: [[2018 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira|2018]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/futebol-nacional/fc-porto-conquista-supertaca-pela-21-vez_d1091335|title=FC Porto conquista Supertaça pela 21.ª vez|trans-title=FC Porto conquer Supercup for the 21st time|publisher=[[Rádio e Televisão de Portugal]]|language=pt|date=4 August 2018|access-date=7 August 2018|archive-date=6 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806181251/https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/futebol-nacional/fc-porto-conquista-supertaca-pela-21-vez_d1091335|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Cameroon''' *[[Africa Cup of Nations]]: [[2017 Africa Cup of Nations|2017]]<ref name=":0" /> '''Kai da kai''' *Africa Cup of Nations Golden Boot: [[2021 Africa Cup of Nations#Awards|2021]]<ref name=top>{{cite news|url=https://www.cafonline.com/press-release/news/mane-cisse-mendy-aboubakar-take-totalenergies-afcon-individual-awards|title=Mane, Cissé, Mendy, Aboubakar take TotalEnergies AFCON individual awards|publisher=Confederation of African Football|date=8 February 2022|access-date=8 February 2022|archive-date=8 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208020433/https://www.cafonline.com/press-release/news/mane-cisse-mendy-aboubakar-take-totalenergies-afcon-individual-awards|url-status=live}}</ref> *Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament: [[2021 Africa Cup of Nations#Best XI|2021]]<ref>{{cite tweet |user=CAF_Online |number=1490747184668717062 |date=7 February 2022 |access-date=7 February 2022|title=Not your average players Here is the #TotalEnergiesAFCON2021 best XI #AFCON2021}}</ref> *[[France Football]] Africa Team of the Year: 2017<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Benatia-ghoulam-seri-salah-voici-l-equipe-type-d-afrique-2017-de-france-football/862867 | title=Benatia, Ghoulam, Seri, Salah... Voici l'équipe type d'Afrique 2017 de France Football | access-date=5 January 2023 | archive-date=2 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102211837/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Benatia-ghoulam-seri-salah-voici-l-equipe-type-d-afrique-2017-de-france-football/862867 | url-status=live }}</ref> == Manazarta == 851kti1tkbfankjowqjkogzigfp3vdt 967665 967664 2026-10-14T21:32:30Z Nura Bello 24854 967665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Vincent Paté Aboubakar''' (an haife shi ne a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Kamaru wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba, kwanan nan a kulob din Neftçi na Premier League na Azerbaijan kuma Kyaftin din tawagar ƙasar Kamaru . Aboubakar ya fara aikinsa a Coton Sport kuma ya koma Turai a shekarar 2010, inda ya buga wa ƙungiyoyin Ligue 1 Valenciennes da Lorient wasa, jimillar wasanni 109 da kuma kwallaye 26 a manyan ƙungiyoyin Faransa. A shekarar 2015, ya sanya hannu a Porto, inda ya buga wasanni 125 kuma ya zura kwallaye 58, inda ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga. Ya lashe gasar Turkish Süper Lig a lokacin da yake aro a Beşiktaş a shekarar 2017, sannan kuma a shekarar 2021. Aboubakar ya samu fiye da 110 a [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|Kamaru]] tun lokacin da ya fara buga wasan kasa da kasa a watan Mayu 2010. A halin yanzu shi ne na biyu mafi girma a tarihin tawagar kasa, bayan [[Samuel Eto'o]] kawai. Ya kasance daga cikin tawagar su a gasar cin [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|Kofin Duniya na FIFA]] ta 2010, 2014 da [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|2022]] da kuma gasar cin [[Gasar cin kofin Afrika|Kofin Kasashen Afirka]] a 2015, 2017, 2021 da [[Gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afrika 2023|2023]]. Aboubakar ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na gasar 2017, kuma shine Babban mai zira kwallaye a shekarar 2021. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Vincent Aboubakar a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 1992 a [[Garoua]], yankin Arewacin Kamaru . An haife shi a cikin iyalin [[Kirista]] masu ibada a cikin birni mai yawan Musulmai kuma mahaifiyarsa Maobeal Alice ta kasance mai hidima ga ƙungiyar masu wa'azi na bishara ta Kamaru . == Ayyukan kulob din == [[Fayil:FC_Lorient_-_June_27th_2013_training_-_Vincent_Aboubakar_1.JPG|left|thumb|201x201px|Aboubakar tare da Lorient a cikin 2013]] === Mata na Valencian === On 26 May 2010, Aboubakar signed with Valenciennes in France.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Valenciennes recrute à Quevilly |url=http://www.sport.fr/football/ligue-1-valenciennes-recrute-quevilly-187583.shtm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719172946/http://www.sport.fr/football/ligue-1-valenciennes-recrute-quevilly-187583.shtm |archive-date=19 July 2011 |access-date=19 July 2011 |website=sport.fr}}</ref> He was assigned the number 9 shirt and made his debut in the club's opening league match of the season against Nice appearing as a substitute. He scored his first goal and hat-trick against Boulogne in Coupe de la Ligue. === Gabas ta Tsakiya === Aboubakar signed for Lorient on a free transfer on 1 July 2013. He made his debut for the Breton team on 10 August, playing the full 90 minutes of a 1–0 loss at Lille, and scored his first goal eight days later, equalising in a 2–1 win over Nantes at the Stade du Moustoir. He came joint second top scorer over the season with 16 league goals from 35 appearances, including braces in a 4–0 win at Évian on 23 November and a 4–4 home draw with Montpellier on 20 April 2014. === Porto === [[Fayil:Shahter-Portu_(1).jpg|thumb|301x301px|Aboubakar yana wasa a FC Porto a shekarar 2014]] Aboubakar ya sanya hannu a Porto a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta 2014, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu don kudin Yuro miliyan 3, daidai da kashi 30% na haƙƙin tattalin arzikinsa. Ya kasance a baya ga Hull City. Ya fara bugawa a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba a wasan 1-1 na Premier League a Vitória S.C., inda ya maye gurbin Héctor Herrera a karin lokaci. Kwanaki uku bayan haka a [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]], bayan ya zo Jackson Martínez, ya zira kwallaye na farko a Porto don kammala nasarar da ya samu a gida 6-0 a kan BATE Borisov a matakin rukuni na gasar zakarurorin Turai ta UEFA. A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, kuma a matsayin mai maye gurbin Colombian, ya zira kwallaye na farko don kammala nasarar 5-0 a F.C. Arouca . An yi amfani da shi kusan kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin a lokacin kakar, yayin da Porto ta kammala matsayi na biyu ga S.L. Benfica. In his second season in Portugal, following the sale of Martínez, Aboubakar played much more regularly. He opened the season on 15 August 2015 with two goals in a 3–0 win over Vitória at the Estádio do Dragão, and scored twice the following 10 January in a 5–0 win at city rivals Boavista FC. He scored once in five games as the team reached the final of the Taça de Portugal, and scored the only goal of the fifth-round win at C.D. Feirense on 16 December 2015. ==== Kudin zuwa Beşiktaş ==== A ranar 27 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2016, 'yan wasan [[Süper Lig|Super Lig]] [[Beşiktaş]] sun sanya hannu kan Aboubakar kan aro na tsawon lokaci. Ya fara bugawa kulob din [[Istanbul]] a ranar 10 ga watan Satumba, inda ya maye gurbin Olcay Shaan a minti shida na karshe na nasarar 3-1 a gida a kan Kardemir Karabükspor . Bai ci kwallo ba har sai wasan sa na takwas, inda ya ba da gudummawa ga kwallaye biyu ga nasarar 3-2 a gasar zakarun Turai a Napoli a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2016 wanda shine nasarar farko ta kulob din a gasar tun Nuwamba 2009. Kwanaki hudu bayan haka ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar, ya kuma taimaka wa Talisca a nasarar 3-0 a kan [[Antalyaspor]] a Vodafone Park . A watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, ya zira kwallaye a kowane bangare na nasarar da ya samu 5-2 a kan Olympiacos a zagaye na 16 a gasar UEFA Europa League, kodayake an kore shi a wasan na biyu don yaƙi da Panagiotis Retsos . Ya gama kakar wasa ta bana inda ya zira kwallaye 12 a wasanni 27 da ya buga, yayin da Black Eagles suka ci gaba da lashe gasar. ==== Komawa zuwa Porto ==== Bayan ya koma Portugal, Aboubakar ya kasance wani ɓangare na hari uku da aka yi da 'yan wasan Afirka, tare da [[Musa Marega|Moussa Marega]] na Mali da [[Yacine Brahimi]] na Aljeriya. Ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Dragons a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta 2017 a cikin nasarar 3-0 a gida a kan Moreirense FC. A ranar 13 ga watan Satumba, yayin da yakin neman zagaye na farko ya fara ne da asarar gida 3-1 ga Beşiktaş, ya yi bikin tare da tsoffin abokan aikinsa a cikin ɗakin su. Ya zira kwallaye sau biyar a cikin rukuni yayin da Porto ta ci gaba, ciki har da kwallaye biyu a duka nasarar da ya samu a kan zakarun Faransa AS Monaco . A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba, ya sake zira kwallaye a cikin nasara 5-0 a Vitória F.C. wanda ya mayar da Porto a saman teburin. A watan Satumbar a 2018, Aboubakar ya sami rauni a baya a kan C.D. Tondela . An yi masa tiyata, wanda ya haifar da rashin sauka na dogon lokaci. A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2019, ya dawo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Marega a cikin nasara 4-0 a gida a kan CD Aves. A ranar 18 ga watan Agustan 2019, Aboubakar ya buga cikakken minti 90 na wasan 1-1 na FC Porto B a gida tare da Varzim S.C. a LigaPro . === Komawa zuwa Beşiktaş === Bayan ya dakatar da kwangilarsa tare da Porto, Aboubakar ya koma Istanbul don saduwa da Beşiktaş a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2020. Kashegari, ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 31 ga Mayu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2020 |title=Vincent Aboubakar'ın lisansı çıktı! |trans-title=Vincent Aboubakar's license released! |url=https://www.duhuliye.com/futbol/vincent-aboubakar-in-lisansi-cikti-h34719.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030064508/https://www.duhuliye.com/futbol/vincent-aboubakar-in-lisansi-cikti-h34719.html |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=26 September 2020 |publisher=Duhuliye |language=tr}}</ref> A cikin kakar wasa daya da ya yi a Istanbul, shi ne na biyar mafi girma da ya zira kwallaye tare da kwallaye 15 yayin da tawagarsa ta lashe gasar. Wannan ya hada da biyu a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba a cikin nasara 4-3 a abokan hamayyar birni [[Fenerbahçe S.K.|Fenerbahçe]] . === Al Nassr === A ranar 8 ga Yuni 2021, Aboubakar ya sanya hannu tare da kungiyar Saudi Pro League [[Al-Nassr|Al Nassr]] kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku. An saita albashinsa a € 6 miliyan a kowace shekara. Aboubakar ya cimma yarjejeniya don dakatar da kwangilarsa a kulob din da ke [[Riyadh]] a watan Janairun 2023, ana biyan shi don abin da ya rage. An buƙaci ficewarsa don ya 'yantar da wani wuri na baƙo ga [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]. === Lokaci na uku a Beşiktaş === A ranar 21 ga watan Janairun 2023, Aboubakar ya sake sanya hannu tare da kulob din Beşiktaş na Turkiyya a matsayin maye gurbin dan wasan gaba mai barin Wout Weghorst. Yarjejeniyar shekara 2 da rabi ta haɗa da kyautar sa hannu ta Yuro miliyan 1.1 da Yuro miliyan 1.5 don kakar 2022-23, da Yuro milio 3.1 a kowane kakar don sauran lokutan, ban da matsakaicin Yuro 12,000 a kowane wasa dangane da tsawon lokaci da nau'in gasar. Aboubakar ya zira kwallaye 13 daga wasanni 16 a rabi na biyu na kakar, ya sanya shi na tara a cikin jerin manyan masu zira kwallayen Süper Lig na 2022-23. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2022 |title=İlk Sırada Hangi Forvet Var? Bu Sezon Süper Lig'de Dakika Başına En Çok Gol Atan Futbolcular |url=https://onedio.com/haber/ilk-sirada-hangi-forvet-var-bu-sezon-super-lig-de-dakika-basina-en-cok-gol-atan-futbolcular-1154599 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231092719/https://onedio.com/haber/ilk-sirada-hangi-forvet-var-bu-sezon-super-lig-de-dakika-basina-en-cok-gol-atan-futbolcular-1154599 |archive-date=31 December 2023 |access-date=31 December 2023 |website=Onedio |language=Turkish}}</ref>  A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, an sanar da cewa an cire Aboubakar daga tawagar tare da Valentin Rosier, Eric Bailly, [[Rachid Ghezzal]] da Jean Onana saboda rashin aiki da rashin daidaituwa a cikin tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kulübümüzden Bilgilendirme |url=https://bjk.com.tr/tr/haber/87745/kulubumuzden-bilgilendirme.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211111726/https://bjk.com.tr/tr/haber/87745/kulubumuzden-bilgilendirme.html |archive-date=11 December 2023 |access-date=11 December 2023 |publisher=Beşiktaş J.K.}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairun 2024, kulob din ya gafarta wa Aboubakar, kuma ya fara horo tare da tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2024 |title=Beşiktaş'ta Vincent Aboubakar geri döndü |url=https://www.cnnturk.com/spor/futbol/kadro-disi-olan-vincent-aboubakar-geri-dondu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214154912/https://www.cnnturk.com/spor/futbol/kadro-disi-olan-vincent-aboubakar-geri-dondu |archive-date=14 February 2024 |access-date=14 February 2024 |publisher=cnnturk.com}}</ref> An haɗa shi a cikin tawagar don wasan da ke zuwa da Konyaspor . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beşiktaş'ta Aboubakar 13 maç sonra kadroya döndü |url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/sporskor/besiktasta-aboubakar-13-mac-sonra-kadroya-dondu,WcKkThOLvkeqn8UjKTH-Ag |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219182326/https://www.ntv.com.tr/sporskor/besiktasta-aboubakar-13-mac-sonra-kadroya-dondu,WcKkThOLvkeqn8UjKTH-Ag |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=19 February 2024 |publisher=ntvspor}}</ref> === Hatayspor === Aboubakar ya sanya hannu tare da kulob din Hatayspor na Turkiyya bayan ya dakatar da kwangilarsa da [[Beşiktaş]] saboda wani dalili da ba a bayyana ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vincent Aboubakar, Atakaş Hatayspor'a Transfer Oldu |url=https://bjk.com.tr/tr/haber/89733/vincent-aboubakar-atakas-hatayspora-transfer-oldu.html |access-date=9 September 2024 |publisher=Beşiktaş J.K.}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2025, Aboubakar ya dakatar da kwangilarsa tare da kungiyar Hatayspor ta Turkiyya ta hanyar yarjejeniyar juna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2025 |title=Cameroon captain Aboubakar departs Hatayspor |url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/cameroon-captain-aboubakar-departs-hatayspor |access-date=12 May 2025 |publisher=Pan-Africa football }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Neftçi PFK === A ranar 21 ga Oktoba 2025, Aboubakar ya sanya hannu a kulob din Neftçi na Premier League na Azerbaijan kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda, tare da zaɓi na ƙarin shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xoş gəldin, Vensan Abubakar! |trans-title=Welcome, Vincent Aboubakar! |url=https://neftchi.az/az/news/neftchi-news-2025-10-21-173039 |access-date=21 October 2025 |publisher=Neftçi PFK |language=az }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Mayu 2026, Neftçi ya sanar da cewa Aboubakar zai bar kulob din bayan kwangilarsa ta kare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2026 |title=Abubakar, Kuç və Kostinə təşəkkür edirik! |url=https://neftchi.az/az/news/neftchi-news-2026-05-26-124847 |access-date=26 May 2026 |website=neftchi.az |publisher=Neftçi PFK |language=Azerbaijani }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A ranar 18 ga Agusta 2009, an kira Aboubakar cikin tawagar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Kamaru don wasannin Faransanci a Beirut. A watan Mayu na 2010, yana da shekara 18, an sanya shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 23 ta Kamaru don gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2010. Aboubakar shi ne kaɗai ɗan wasa a cikin ƙungiyar da ke zaune a Kamaru. Ya fara buga wasan sada zumunci a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2010 da Slovakia. A ranar 11 ga Agusta 2010, Aboubakar ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa, a wasan sada zumunci da Poland. An kira shi don shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2014 a Brazil, sannan kuma don shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2015. A gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2017, Aboubakar ya zura ƙwallon minti 88 a wasan ƙarshe wanda ya bai wa Kamaru nasara da ci 2-1 a kan Masar, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen jiran da ƙasarsa ta yi na shekaru 15 na lashe kofin nahiyar. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, yana cikin tawagar Kamaru a gasar cin kofin FIFA Confederation Cup ta 2017 a Rasha. Ya zira kwallon ta'aziyya a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun zakarun duniya Jamus a Sochi a ranar 25 ga Yuni. Aboubakar bai halarci tawagar Kamaru ta gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ba, inda kocinta Clarence Seedorf ya nuna shakku kan lafiyarsa bayan dawowarsa daga rauni na dogon lokaci. Aboubakar ya koma tawagar kasa don gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2021, wadda kasarsa ta dauki nauyin shiryawa a farkon shekara mai zuwa. Ya zira kwallaye biyar a matakin rukuni a kan Burkina Faso, Habasha da Cape Verde, sannan ya zira kwallaye shida a wasan da suka doke Comoros da ci 2-1 a zagaye na 16. A wasan da ya zo na uku da Burkina Faso, ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka tashi 3-3, wanda daga karshe aka ci shi a bugun fenariti. Da kwallaye 8 a wasanni 7, shi ne ya fi zura kwallaye kuma ya shiga cikin kungiyar da ta fi kowacce yawan kwallaye a gasar. A gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022, ya zura kwallo daya sannan ya taimaka aka tashi kunnen doki 3-3 da Serbia. BBC Sport ta bayyana kwallon da ya ci a matsayin "abin takaici". Ya zura kwallon da ta yi nasara a kan [[Brazil]] a wasa na uku, bayan haka ya ci katin gargadi na biyu saboda cire rigarsa, don haka aka kore shi daga wasa. An ji rauni a Aboubakar kafin gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2023 a Ivory Coast. Ya murmure a kan lokaci a wasanni 16 na karshe, inda abokan hamayyarsa Najeriya suka fitar da tawagarsa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama wasa na 100 da tawagar kasar. A watan Disamba na 2025, an cire shi daga tawagar karshe ta gasar cin kofin kasashen [[Afirka]] ta 2025. == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{updated|match played 23 May 2026}}<ref name=SW/>{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de France]], [[Taça de Portugal]], [[Turkish Cup]], [[King's Cup (Saudi Arabia)|King Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|League cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]], [[Taça da Liga]]}} !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[Coton Sport FC de Garoua|Coton Sport]] |[[2009–10 Elite One|2009–10]] |[[Elite One]] |15||7||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||15||7 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Valenciennes FC|Valenciennes]] |[[2010–11 Ligue 1|2010–11]] |rowspan="3"|[[Ligue 1]] |17||1||1||0||2||3||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||20||4 |- |[[2011–12 Ligue 1|2011–12]] |27||6||4||2||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||31||8 |- |[[2012–13 Ligue 1|2012–13]] |28||2||0||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||30||3 |- !colspan="2"|Total !72!!9!!6!!3!!3!!3!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!81!!15 |- |rowspan="3"|[[FC Lorient|Lorient]] |[[2013–14 Ligue 1|2013–14]] |rowspan="2"|Ligue 1 |35||16||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||36||16 |- |[[2014–15 FC Lorient season|2014–15]] |2||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||2||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total !37!!17!!1!!0!!0!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!38!!17 |- |rowspan="6"|[[FC Porto|Porto]] |[[2014–15 FC Porto season|2014–15]] |rowspan="5"|[[Primeira Liga]] |14||4||0||0||2||1||4{{efn|name=UCL|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||3||colspan="2"|—||20||8 |- |[[2015–16 FC Porto season|2015–16]] |28||13||5||1||1||1||8{{efn|Six appearances and three goals in UEFA Champions League, two appearances in UEFA Europa League}}||3||colspan="2"|—||42||18 |- |[[2017–18 FC Porto season|2017–18]] |28||15||5||4||4||2||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||5||colspan="2"|—||43||26 |- |[[2018–19 FC Porto season|2018–19]] |8||4||0||0||1||0||1{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||1{{efn|name=SCO|Appearance in [[Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira]]}}||0||11||4 |- |[[2019–20 FC Porto season|2019–20]] |5||0||2||0||0||0||2{{efn|One appearance in UEFA Champions League, one appearance and two goals in UEFA Europa League}}||2||colspan="2"|—||9||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total !83!!36!!12!!5!!8!!4!!21!!13!!1!!0!!125!!58 |- |[[Beşiktaş J.K.|Beşiktaş]] (loan) |[[2016–17 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2016–17]] |rowspan="2"|[[Süper Lig]] |27||12||2||1||colspan="2"|—||9{{efn|Six appearances and three goals in UEFA Champions League, three appearances and three goals in UEFA Europa League}}||6||colspan="2"|—||38||19 |- |Beşiktaş |[[2020–21 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2020–21]] |26||15||3||1||colspan="2"|—||0||0||colspan="2"|—||29||16 |- |rowspan="3"|[[Al Nassr FC|Al Nassr]] |[[2021–22 Al-Nassr FC season|2021–22]] |rowspan="2"|[[Saudi Pro League]] |23||8||1||0||colspan="2"|–||3{{efn|name=ACL|Appearances in [[AFC Champions League]]}}||1||colspan="2"|–||27||9 |- |[[2022–23 Al-Nassr FC season|2022–23]] |11||4||1||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||0||0||12||4 |- !colspan="2"|Total !34!!12!!2!!0!!colspan="2"|–!!3!!1!!0!!0!!39!!13 |- |rowspan="3"|Beşiktaş |[[2022–23 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2022–23]] |rowspan="2"|Süper Lig |16||13||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||16||13 |- |[[2023–24 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2023–24]] |22||5||2||0||colspan="2"|—||10{{efn|name=UECL|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}}||7|| colspan="2"|—||34||12 |- !colspan="2"|Total !38!!18!!2!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!10!!7!!colspan="2"|—!!50!!25 |- |[[Hatayspor]] |[[2024–25 Hatayspor season|2024–25]] |Süper Lig |25||7||3||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||28||8 |- |[[Neftçi PFK|Neftçi]] |[[2025–26 Neftçi PFK season|2025–26]] |[[Azerbaijan Premier League]] |16||7||2||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||18||9 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !359!!140!!31!!13!!11!!7!!43!!27!!1!!0!!444!!187 |} {{notelist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Aikin kasa da kasa == [[File:Cameroon-Chilie (8).jpg|thumb|Aboubakar playing against [[Chile national football team|Chile]] at the 2017 Confederations Cup]] {{updated|match played 13 November 2025}}<ref name=nft>{{NFT player}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="16"|[[Cameroon national football team|Cameroon]] |2010||7||1 |- |2011||5||0 |- |2012||5||0 |- |2013||4||0 |- |2014||10||5 |- |2015||12||6 |- |2016||5||2 |- |2017||16||5 |- |2018||1||1 |- |2019||2||0 |- |2020||2||3 |- |2021||8||2 |- |2022||17||10 |- |2023||4||2 |- |2024||10||5 |- |2025||9||3 |- !colspan="2"|Total!!117!!45 |} {{updated|match played 9 June 2025}}<ref name=nft/><ref name=SW>{{soccerway|vincent-aboubakar/131021}}</ref> :''Scores and results list Cameroon's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Aboubakar goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Vincent Aboubakar !scope="col"|No. !scope="col" data-sort-type="date"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Cap !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition |- |align="center"|1 |11 August 2010||[[Stadion Poznań]], [[Poznań]], Poland||align="center"|5||{{fb|POL}}||align="center"|3–0||align="center"|3–0||[[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]] |- |align="center"|2 |5 March 2014||[[Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa]], [[Leiria]], Portugal||align="center"|22||{{fb|POR}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|1–5||Friendly |- |align="center"|3 |6 September 2014||[[Stade TP Mazembe]], [[Lubumbashi]], DR Congo||align="center"|27||{{fb|DRC}}||align="center"|2–0||align="center"|2–0||[[2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group D|2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|4 |rowspan="2"|10 September 2014||rowspan="2"|[[Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium]], [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|28||rowspan="2"|{{fb|CIV}}||align="center"|2–1||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|5 |align="center"|3–1 |- |align="center"|6 |15 November 2014||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|30||{{fb|DRC}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|7 |10 January 2015||[[Stade d'Angondjé]], [[Libreville]], Gabon||align="center"|32||{{fb|RSA}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–1||Friendly |- |align="center"|8 |25 March 2015||[[Gelora Delta Stadium]], [[Sidoarjo Regency|Sidoarjo]], Indonesia||align="center"|36||{{fb|IDN}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||Friendly |- |align="center"|9 |6 June 2015||[[Stade Yves-du-Manoir]], [[Colombes]], France||align="center"|37||{{fb|BFA}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|3–2||Friendly |- |align="center"|10 |14 June 2015||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|39||{{fb|MTN|1959}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||[[2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group M|2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|11 |6 September 2015||[[Independence Stadium (Bakau)|Independence Stadium]], [[Bakau]], Gambia||align="center"|40||{{fb|GAM}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|12 |13 November 2015||[[Stade Général Seyni Kountché]], [[Niamey]], Niger||align="center"|42||{{fb|NIG}}||align="center"|2–0||align="center"|3–0||[[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF second round|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|13 |30 May 2016||[[Stade de la Beaujoire]], [[Nantes]], France||align="center"|45||{{fb|FRA}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|2–3||Friendly |- |align="center"|14 |12 November 2016||[[Kouekong Stadium]], [[Bafoussam]], Cameroon||align="center"|48||{{fb|ZAM}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|1–1||[[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF third round|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|15 |5 February 2017||[[Stade d'Angondjé|Stade de l'Amitié]], Libreville, Gabon||align="center"|54||{{fb|EGY}}||align="center"|2–1||align="center"|2–1||[[2017 Africa Cup of Nations final]] |- |align="center"|16 |24 March 2017||[[Mustapha Ben Jannet Stadium]], [[Monastir, Tunisia|Monastir]], Tunisia||align="center"|55||{{fb|TUN}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||Friendly |- |align="center"|17 |10 June 2017||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|57||{{fb|MAR}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||[[2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group B|2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|18 |25 June 2017||[[Fisht Olympic Stadium]], [[Sochi]], Russia||align="center"|60||{{fb|GER}}||align="center"|1–2||align="center"|1–3||[[2017 FIFA Confederations Cup Group B|2017 FIFA Confederations Cup]] |- |align="center"|19 |4 September 2017||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|62||{{fb|NGA}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|1–1||2018 FIFA World Cup qualification |- |align="center"|20 |25 March 2018||[[Jaber Al-Ahmad International Stadium]], [[Kuwait City]], Kuwait||align="center"|65||{{fb|KUW}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|3–1||Friendly |- |align="center"|21 |rowspan="2"|12 November 2020||rowspan="2"|[[Reunification Stadium]], [[Douala]], Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|68||rowspan="2"|{{fb|MOZ}}||align="center"|1–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|[[2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group F|2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|22 |align="center"|2–0 |- |align="center"|23 |16 November 2020||[[Estádio do Zimpeto]], [[Maputo]], Mozambique||align="center"|69||{{fb|MOZ}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|2–0||2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|24 |3 September 2021||[[Olembe Stadium|Paul Biya Stadium]], Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|72||{{fb|MWI}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|2–0||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF second round|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|25 |13 November 2021||[[Orlando Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]], South Africa||align="center"|76||{{fb|MWI}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|4–0||2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |- |align="center"|26 |rowspan="2"|9 January 2022||rowspan="2"|Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|78||rowspan="2"|{{fb|BFA}}||align="center"|1–1||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|2–1||rowspan="2"|[[2021 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- |align="center"|27 |align="center"|2–1 |- |align="center"|28 |rowspan="2"|13 January 2022||rowspan="2"|Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|79||rowspan="2"|{{fb|ETH}}||align="center"|2–1||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|29 |align="center"|3–1 |- |align="center"|30 |17 January 2022||Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|80||{{fb|CPV}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–1||2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|31 |24 January 2022||Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|81||{{fb|COM}}||align="center"|2–0||align="center"|2–1||2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|32 |rowspan="2"|5 February 2022||rowspan="2"|Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|84||rowspan="2"|{{fb|BFA}}||align="center"|2–3||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|3–3||rowspan="2"|2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|33 |align="center"|3–3 |- |align="center"|34 |28 November 2022||[[Al Janoub Stadium]], [[Al Wakrah]], Qatar||align="center"|93||{{fb|SRB}}||align="center"|2–3||align="center"|3–3||[[2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|2022 FIFA World Cup]] |- |align="center"|35 |2 December 2022||[[Lusail Stadium]], [[Lusail]], Qatar||align="center"|94||{{fb|BRA}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||2022 FIFA World Cup |- |align="center"|36 |28 March 2023||[[Dobsonville Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]], South Africa||align="center"|95||{{fb|NAM}}||align="center"|1–2||align="center"|1–2||[[2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group C|2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|37 |12 September 2023||[[Roumdé Adjia Stadium]], [[Garoua]], Cameroon||align="center"|96||{{fb|BDI}}||align="center"|3–0||align="center"|3–0||2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|38 |rowspan="2"|8 June 2024||rowspan="2"|Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|101||rowspan="2"|{{fb|CPV}}||align="center"|2–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Group D|2026 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|39 |align="center"|3–1 |- |align="center"|40 |7 September 2024||[[Japoma Stadium]], Doaula, Cameroon||align="center"|103||{{fb|NAM}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||[[2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group J|2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|41 |11 October 2024||Japoma Stadium, Doaula, Cameroon||align="center"|105||{{fb|KEN}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|4–1||2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|42 |19 November 2024||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|108||{{fb|ZIM}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|2–1||2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|43 |rowspan="2"|25 March 2025||rowspan="2"|Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center" rowspan="2"|110||rowspan="2"|{{fb|LBY}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center" rowspan="2"|3–1||rowspan="2"|2026 FIFA World Cup qualification |- |align="center"|44 |align="center"|3–0 |- | style="text-align:center"|45 || 9 June 2025 || [[Marrakesh Stadium]], [[Marrakesh]], Morocco || align="center" | 112 || {{fb|EQG}} || style="text-align:center"|1–0 || style="text-align:center"|1–1 || Friendly |} ==Daraja== '''Coton Sport''' *[[Elite One]]: [[2009–10 Elite One|2009–10]] '''Beşiktaş''' *[[Süper Lig]]: [[2016-17 Süper Lig|2016–17]],<ref>{{cite news|date=15 May 2016|title=Beşiktaş end Turkish title drought|url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/022d-0e94532b623d-8efdc4253039-1000--besiktas-end-turkish-title-drought/|access-date=1 August 2020|website=[[UEFA]]|archive-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908182601/https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/member-associations/TUR/news/022d-0e94532b623d-8efdc4253039-1000--besiktas-end-turkish-title-drought/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2020–21 Süper Lig|2020–21]] *[[Turkish Cup]]: [[2020–21 Turkish Cup|2020–21]], [[2023–24 Turkish Cup|2023–24]] * [[Turkish Super Cup]]: [[2024 Turkish Super Cup|2024]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.turkiyetoday.com/sports/besiktas-claims-turkcell-super-cup-with-5-0-win-over-galatasaray-35863/|title=Besiktas claims Turkcell Super Cup with 5-0 win over Galatasaray|website=Türkiye Today|date=3 August 2024|access-date=3 August 2024}}</ref> '''Porto''' *[[Primeira Liga]]: [[2017–18 Primeira Liga|2017–18]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://talksport.com/football/porto-break-benfica-dominance-portugal-win-first-league-title-2013-and-have-massive-party|title=Porto break Benfica dominance in Portugal to win first league title since 2013 and have a massive party|last=talkSPORT|date=7 May 2018|work=talkSPORT|access-date=25 May 2018|archive-date=11 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511082149/https://talksport.com/football/porto-break-benfica-dominance-portugal-win-first-league-title-2013-and-have-massive-party|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2019–20 Primeira Liga|2019–20]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 July 2020|title=Juventus held by Sassuolo in thriller, Porto win Primeira Liga title|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/jul/16/european-roundup-juventus-sassuolo-milan-parma-porto-sporting|access-date=1 August 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415042045/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/jul/16/european-roundup-juventus-sassuolo-milan-parma-porto-sporting|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[Taça de Portugal]]: [[2019–20 Taça de Portugal|2019–20]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Porto defeat Benfica to win 17th Portuguese Cup|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/porto-defeat-benfica-win-17th-portuguese-cup-221103259--sow.html|date=1 August 2020|access-date=1 August 2020|website=Yahoo Sports|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808070159/https://sports.yahoo.com/porto-defeat-benfica-win-17th-portuguese-cup-221103259--sow.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira]]: [[2018 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira|2018]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/futebol-nacional/fc-porto-conquista-supertaca-pela-21-vez_d1091335|title=FC Porto conquista Supertaça pela 21.ª vez|trans-title=FC Porto conquer Supercup for the 21st time|publisher=[[Rádio e Televisão de Portugal]]|language=pt|date=4 August 2018|access-date=7 August 2018|archive-date=6 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806181251/https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/futebol-nacional/fc-porto-conquista-supertaca-pela-21-vez_d1091335|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Cameroon''' *[[Africa Cup of Nations]]: [[2017 Africa Cup of Nations|2017]]<ref name=":0" /> '''Kai da kai''' *Africa Cup of Nations Golden Boot: [[2021 Africa Cup of Nations#Awards|2021]]<ref name=top>{{cite news|url=https://www.cafonline.com/press-release/news/mane-cisse-mendy-aboubakar-take-totalenergies-afcon-individual-awards|title=Mane, Cissé, Mendy, Aboubakar take TotalEnergies AFCON individual awards|publisher=Confederation of African Football|date=8 February 2022|access-date=8 February 2022|archive-date=8 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208020433/https://www.cafonline.com/press-release/news/mane-cisse-mendy-aboubakar-take-totalenergies-afcon-individual-awards|url-status=live}}</ref> *Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament: [[2021 Africa Cup of Nations#Best XI|2021]]<ref>{{cite tweet |user=CAF_Online |number=1490747184668717062 |date=7 February 2022 |access-date=7 February 2022|title=Not your average players Here is the #TotalEnergiesAFCON2021 best XI #AFCON2021}}</ref> *[[France Football]] Africa Team of the Year: 2017<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Benatia-ghoulam-seri-salah-voici-l-equipe-type-d-afrique-2017-de-france-football/862867 | title=Benatia, Ghoulam, Seri, Salah... Voici l'équipe type d'Afrique 2017 de France Football | access-date=5 January 2023 | archive-date=2 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102211837/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Benatia-ghoulam-seri-salah-voici-l-equipe-type-d-afrique-2017-de-france-football/862867 | url-status=live }}</ref> == Manazarta == rztn74kz00c9wqm61cx71bd7lrbuj59 967668 967665 2026-10-14T21:35:08Z Nura Bello 24854 967668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Vincent Paté Aboubakar''' (an haife shi ne a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Kamaru wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba, kwanan nan a kulob din Neftçi na Premier League na Azerbaijan kuma Kyaftin din tawagar ƙasar Kamaru . Aboubakar ya fara aikinsa a Coton Sport kuma ya koma Turai a shekarar 2010, inda ya buga wa ƙungiyoyin Ligue 1 Valenciennes da Lorient wasa, jimillar wasanni 109 da kuma kwallaye 26 a manyan ƙungiyoyin Faransa. A shekarar 2015, ya sanya hannu a Porto, inda ya buga wasanni 125 kuma ya zura kwallaye 58, inda ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga. Ya lashe gasar Turkish Süper Lig a lokacin da yake aro a Beşiktaş a shekarar 2017, sannan kuma a shekarar 2021. Aboubakar ya samu fiye da 110 a [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|Kamaru]] tun lokacin da ya fara buga wasan kasa da kasa a watan Mayu 2010. A halin yanzu shi ne na biyu mafi girma a tarihin tawagar kasa, bayan [[Samuel Eto'o]] kawai. Ya kasance daga cikin tawagar su a gasar cin [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|Kofin Duniya na FIFA]] ta 2010, 2014 da [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|2022]] da kuma gasar cin [[Gasar cin kofin Afrika|Kofin Kasashen Afirka]] a 2015, 2017, 2021 da [[Gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afrika 2023|2023]]. Aboubakar ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na gasar 2017, kuma shine Babban mai zira kwallaye a shekarar 2021. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Vincent Aboubakar a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 1992 a [[Garoua]], yankin Arewacin Kamaru . An haife shi a cikin iyalin [[Kirista]] masu ibada a cikin birni mai yawan Musulmai kuma mahaifiyarsa Maobeal Alice ta kasance mai hidima ga ƙungiyar masu wa'azi na bishara ta Kamaru . == Ayyukan kulob din == [[Fayil:FC_Lorient_-_June_27th_2013_training_-_Vincent_Aboubakar_1.JPG|left|thumb|201x201px|Aboubakar tare da Lorient a cikin 2013]] === Mata na Valencian === On 26 May 2010, Aboubakar signed with Valenciennes in France.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Valenciennes recrute à Quevilly |url=http://www.sport.fr/football/ligue-1-valenciennes-recrute-quevilly-187583.shtm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719172946/http://www.sport.fr/football/ligue-1-valenciennes-recrute-quevilly-187583.shtm |archive-date=19 July 2011 |access-date=19 July 2011 |website=sport.fr}}</ref> He was assigned the number 9 shirt and made his debut in the club's opening league match of the season against Nice appearing as a substitute. He scored his first goal and hat-trick against Boulogne in Coupe de la Ligue. === Gabas ta Tsakiya === Aboubakar signed for Lorient on a free transfer on 1 July 2013. He made his debut for the Breton team on 10 August, playing the full 90 minutes of a 1–0 loss at Lille, and scored his first goal eight days later, equalising in a 2–1 win over Nantes at the Stade du Moustoir. He came joint second top scorer over the season with 16 league goals from 35 appearances, including braces in a 4–0 win at Évian on 23 November and a 4–4 home draw with Montpellier on 20 April 2014. === Porto === [[Fayil:Shahter-Portu_(1).jpg|thumb|301x301px|Aboubakar yana wasa a FC Porto a shekarar 2014]] Aboubakar ya sanya hannu a Porto a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta 2014, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu don kudin Yuro miliyan 3, daidai da kashi 30% na haƙƙin tattalin arzikinsa. Ya kasance a baya ga Hull City. Ya fara bugawa a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba a wasan 1-1 na Premier League a Vitória S.C., inda ya maye gurbin Héctor Herrera a karin lokaci. Kwanaki uku bayan haka a [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]], bayan ya zo Jackson Martínez, ya zira kwallaye na farko a Porto don kammala nasarar da ya samu a gida 6-0 a kan BATE Borisov a matakin rukuni na gasar zakarurorin Turai ta UEFA. A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, kuma a matsayin mai maye gurbin Colombian, ya zira kwallaye na farko don kammala nasarar 5-0 a F.C. Arouca . An yi amfani da shi kusan kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin a lokacin kakar, yayin da Porto ta kammala matsayi na biyu ga S.L. Benfica. In his second season in Portugal, following the sale of Martínez, Aboubakar played much more regularly. He opened the season on 15 August 2015 with two goals in a 3–0 win over Vitória at the Estádio do Dragão, and scored twice the following 10 January in a 5–0 win at city rivals Boavista FC. He scored once in five games as the team reached the final of the Taça de Portugal, and scored the only goal of the fifth-round win at C.D. Feirense on 16 December 2015. ==== Kudin zuwa Beşiktaş ==== A ranar 27 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2016, 'yan wasan [[Süper Lig|Super Lig]] [[Beşiktaş]] sun sanya hannu kan Aboubakar kan aro na tsawon lokaci. Ya fara bugawa kulob din [[Istanbul]] a ranar 10 ga watan Satumba, inda ya maye gurbin Olcay Shaan a minti shida na karshe na nasarar 3-1 a gida a kan Kardemir Karabükspor . Bai ci kwallo ba har sai wasan sa na takwas, inda ya ba da gudummawa ga kwallaye biyu ga nasarar 3-2 a gasar zakarun Turai a Napoli a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2016 wanda shine nasarar farko ta kulob din a gasar tun Nuwamba 2009. Kwanaki hudu bayan haka ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar, ya kuma taimaka wa Talisca a nasarar 3-0 a kan [[Antalyaspor]] a Vodafone Park . A watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, ya zira kwallaye a kowane bangare na nasarar da ya samu 5-2 a kan Olympiacos a zagaye na 16 a gasar UEFA Europa League, kodayake an kore shi a wasan na biyu don yaƙi da Panagiotis Retsos . Ya gama kakar wasa ta bana inda ya zira kwallaye 12 a wasanni 27 da ya buga, yayin da Black Eagles suka ci gaba da lashe gasar. ==== Komawa zuwa Porto ==== Bayan ya koma Portugal, Aboubakar ya kasance wani ɓangare na hari uku da aka yi da 'yan wasan Afirka, tare da [[Musa Marega|Moussa Marega]] na Mali da [[Yacine Brahimi]] na Aljeriya. Ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Dragons a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta 2017 a cikin nasarar 3-0 a gida a kan Moreirense FC. A ranar 13 ga watan Satumba, yayin da yakin neman zagaye na farko ya fara ne da asarar gida 3-1 ga Beşiktaş, ya yi bikin tare da tsoffin abokan aikinsa a cikin ɗakin su. Ya zira kwallaye sau biyar a cikin rukuni yayin da Porto ta ci gaba, ciki har da kwallaye biyu a duka nasarar da ya samu a kan zakarun Faransa AS Monaco . A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba, ya sake zira kwallaye a cikin nasara 5-0 a Vitória F.C. wanda ya mayar da Porto a saman teburin. A watan Satumbar a 2018, Aboubakar ya sami rauni a baya a kan C.D. Tondela . An yi masa tiyata, wanda ya haifar da rashin sauka na dogon lokaci. A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2019, ya dawo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Marega a cikin nasara 4-0 a gida a kan CD Aves. A ranar 18 ga watan Agustan 2019, Aboubakar ya buga cikakken minti 90 na wasan 1-1 na FC Porto B a gida tare da Varzim S.C. a LigaPro . === Komawa zuwa Beşiktaş === Bayan ya dakatar da kwangilarsa tare da Porto, Aboubakar ya koma Istanbul don saduwa da Beşiktaş a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2020. Kashegari, ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 31 ga Mayu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2020 |title=Vincent Aboubakar'ın lisansı çıktı! |trans-title=Vincent Aboubakar's license released! |url=https://www.duhuliye.com/futbol/vincent-aboubakar-in-lisansi-cikti-h34719.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030064508/https://www.duhuliye.com/futbol/vincent-aboubakar-in-lisansi-cikti-h34719.html |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=26 September 2020 |publisher=Duhuliye |language=tr}}</ref> A cikin kakar wasa daya da ya yi a Istanbul, shi ne na biyar mafi girma da ya zira kwallaye tare da kwallaye 15 yayin da tawagarsa ta lashe gasar. Wannan ya hada da biyu a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba a cikin nasara 4-3 a abokan hamayyar birni [[Fenerbahçe S.K.|Fenerbahçe]] . === Al Nassr === A ranar 8 ga Yuni 2021, Aboubakar ya sanya hannu tare da kungiyar Saudi Pro League [[Al-Nassr|Al Nassr]] kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku. An saita albashinsa a € 6 miliyan a kowace shekara. Aboubakar ya cimma yarjejeniya don dakatar da kwangilarsa a kulob din da ke [[Riyadh]] a watan Janairun 2023, ana biyan shi don abin da ya rage. An buƙaci ficewarsa don ya 'yantar da wani wuri na baƙo ga [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]. === Lokaci na uku a Beşiktaş === A ranar 21 ga watan Janairun 2023, Aboubakar ya sake sanya hannu tare da kulob din Beşiktaş na Turkiyya a matsayin maye gurbin dan wasan gaba mai barin Wout Weghorst. Yarjejeniyar shekara 2 da rabi ta haɗa da kyautar sa hannu ta Yuro miliyan 1.1 da Yuro miliyan 1.5 don kakar 2022-23, da Yuro milio 3.1 a kowane kakar don sauran lokutan, ban da matsakaicin Yuro 12,000 a kowane wasa dangane da tsawon lokaci da nau'in gasar. Aboubakar ya zira kwallaye 13 daga wasanni 16 a rabi na biyu na kakar, ya sanya shi na tara a cikin jerin manyan masu zira kwallayen Süper Lig na 2022-23. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2022 |title=İlk Sırada Hangi Forvet Var? Bu Sezon Süper Lig'de Dakika Başına En Çok Gol Atan Futbolcular |url=https://onedio.com/haber/ilk-sirada-hangi-forvet-var-bu-sezon-super-lig-de-dakika-basina-en-cok-gol-atan-futbolcular-1154599 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231092719/https://onedio.com/haber/ilk-sirada-hangi-forvet-var-bu-sezon-super-lig-de-dakika-basina-en-cok-gol-atan-futbolcular-1154599 |archive-date=31 December 2023 |access-date=31 December 2023 |website=Onedio |language=Turkish}}</ref>  A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, an sanar da cewa an cire Aboubakar daga tawagar tare da Valentin Rosier, Eric Bailly, [[Rachid Ghezzal]] da Jean Onana saboda rashin aiki da rashin daidaituwa a cikin tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kulübümüzden Bilgilendirme |url=https://bjk.com.tr/tr/haber/87745/kulubumuzden-bilgilendirme.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211111726/https://bjk.com.tr/tr/haber/87745/kulubumuzden-bilgilendirme.html |archive-date=11 December 2023 |access-date=11 December 2023 |publisher=Beşiktaş J.K.}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairun 2024, kulob din ya gafarta wa Aboubakar, kuma ya fara horo tare da tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2024 |title=Beşiktaş'ta Vincent Aboubakar geri döndü |url=https://www.cnnturk.com/spor/futbol/kadro-disi-olan-vincent-aboubakar-geri-dondu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214154912/https://www.cnnturk.com/spor/futbol/kadro-disi-olan-vincent-aboubakar-geri-dondu |archive-date=14 February 2024 |access-date=14 February 2024 |publisher=cnnturk.com}}</ref> An haɗa shi a cikin tawagar don wasan da ke zuwa da Konyaspor . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beşiktaş'ta Aboubakar 13 maç sonra kadroya döndü |url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/sporskor/besiktasta-aboubakar-13-mac-sonra-kadroya-dondu,WcKkThOLvkeqn8UjKTH-Ag |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219182326/https://www.ntv.com.tr/sporskor/besiktasta-aboubakar-13-mac-sonra-kadroya-dondu,WcKkThOLvkeqn8UjKTH-Ag |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=19 February 2024 |publisher=ntvspor}}</ref> === Hatayspor === Aboubakar ya sanya hannu tare da kulob din Hatayspor na Turkiyya bayan ya dakatar da kwangilarsa da [[Beşiktaş]] saboda wani dalili da ba a bayyana ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vincent Aboubakar, Atakaş Hatayspor'a Transfer Oldu |url=https://bjk.com.tr/tr/haber/89733/vincent-aboubakar-atakas-hatayspora-transfer-oldu.html |access-date=9 September 2024 |publisher=Beşiktaş J.K.}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2025, Aboubakar ya dakatar da kwangilarsa tare da kungiyar Hatayspor ta Turkiyya ta hanyar yarjejeniyar juna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2025 |title=Cameroon captain Aboubakar departs Hatayspor |url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/cameroon-captain-aboubakar-departs-hatayspor |access-date=12 May 2025 |publisher=Pan-Africa football }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Neftçi PFK === A ranar 21 ga Oktoba 2025, Aboubakar ya sanya hannu a kulob din Neftçi na Premier League na Azerbaijan kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda, tare da zaɓi na ƙarin shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xoş gəldin, Vensan Abubakar! |trans-title=Welcome, Vincent Aboubakar! |url=https://neftchi.az/az/news/neftchi-news-2025-10-21-173039 |access-date=21 October 2025 |publisher=Neftçi PFK |language=az }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Mayu 2026, Neftçi ya sanar da cewa Aboubakar zai bar kulob din bayan kwangilarsa ta kare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2026 |title=Abubakar, Kuç və Kostinə təşəkkür edirik! |url=https://neftchi.az/az/news/neftchi-news-2026-05-26-124847 |access-date=26 May 2026 |website=neftchi.az |publisher=Neftçi PFK |language=Azerbaijani }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 2009, an kira Aboubakar cikin tawagar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Kamaru don wasannin Faransanci a Beirut. A watan Mayu na 2010, yana da shekara 18, an sanya shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 23 ta Kamaru don gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2010. Aboubakar shi ne kaɗai ɗan wasa a cikin ƙungiyar da ke zaune a Kamaru. Ya fara buga wasan sada zumunci a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2010 da Slovakia. A ranar 11 ga Agusta 2010, Aboubakar ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa, a wasan sada zumunci da Poland. An kira shi don shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2014 a Brazil, sannan kuma don shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2015. A gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2017, Aboubakar ya zura ƙwallon minti 88 a wasan ƙarshe wanda ya bai wa Kamaru nasara da ci 2-1 a kan Masar, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen jiran da ƙasarsa ta yi na shekaru 15 na lashe kofin nahiyar. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, yana cikin tawagar Kamaru a gasar cin kofin FIFA Confederation Cup ta 2017 a Rasha. Ya zira kwallon ta'aziyya a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun zakarun duniya Jamus a Sochi a ranar 25 ga Yuni. Aboubakar bai halarci tawagar Kamaru ta gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ba, inda kocinta Clarence Seedorf ya nuna shakku kan lafiyarsa bayan dawowarsa daga rauni na dogon lokaci. Aboubakar ya koma tawagar kasa don gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2021, wadda kasarsa ta dauki nauyin shiryawa a farkon shekara mai zuwa. Ya zira kwallaye biyar a matakin rukuni a kan Burkina Faso, Habasha da Cape Verde, sannan ya zira kwallaye shida a wasan da suka doke Comoros da ci 2-1 a zagaye na 16. A wasan da ya zo na uku da Burkina Faso, ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka tashi 3-3, wanda daga karshe aka ci shi a bugun fenariti. Da kwallaye 8 a wasanni 7, shi ne ya fi zura kwallaye kuma ya shiga cikin kungiyar da ta fi kowacce yawan kwallaye a gasar. A gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022, ya zura kwallo daya sannan ya taimaka aka tashi kunnen doki 3-3 da Serbia. BBC Sport ta bayyana kwallon da ya ci a matsayin "abin takaici". Ya zura kwallon da ta yi nasara a kan [[Brazil]] a wasa na uku, bayan haka ya ci katin gargadi na biyu saboda cire rigarsa, don haka aka kore shi daga wasa. An ji rauni a Aboubakar kafin gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2023 a Ivory Coast. Ya murmure a kan lokaci a wasanni 16 na karshe, inda abokan hamayyarsa Najeriya suka fitar da tawagarsa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama wasa na 100 da tawagar kasar. A watan Disamba na 2025, an cire shi daga tawagar karshe ta gasar cin kofin kasashen [[Afirka]] ta 2025. == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{updated|match played 23 May 2026}}<ref name=SW/>{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de France]], [[Taça de Portugal]], [[Turkish Cup]], [[King's Cup (Saudi Arabia)|King Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|League cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]], [[Taça da Liga]]}} !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[Coton Sport FC de Garoua|Coton Sport]] |[[2009–10 Elite One|2009–10]] |[[Elite One]] |15||7||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||15||7 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Valenciennes FC|Valenciennes]] |[[2010–11 Ligue 1|2010–11]] |rowspan="3"|[[Ligue 1]] |17||1||1||0||2||3||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||20||4 |- |[[2011–12 Ligue 1|2011–12]] |27||6||4||2||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||31||8 |- |[[2012–13 Ligue 1|2012–13]] |28||2||0||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||30||3 |- !colspan="2"|Total !72!!9!!6!!3!!3!!3!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!81!!15 |- |rowspan="3"|[[FC Lorient|Lorient]] |[[2013–14 Ligue 1|2013–14]] |rowspan="2"|Ligue 1 |35||16||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||36||16 |- |[[2014–15 FC Lorient season|2014–15]] |2||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||2||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total !37!!17!!1!!0!!0!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!38!!17 |- |rowspan="6"|[[FC Porto|Porto]] |[[2014–15 FC Porto season|2014–15]] |rowspan="5"|[[Primeira Liga]] |14||4||0||0||2||1||4{{efn|name=UCL|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||3||colspan="2"|—||20||8 |- |[[2015–16 FC Porto season|2015–16]] |28||13||5||1||1||1||8{{efn|Six appearances and three goals in UEFA Champions League, two appearances in UEFA Europa League}}||3||colspan="2"|—||42||18 |- |[[2017–18 FC Porto season|2017–18]] |28||15||5||4||4||2||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||5||colspan="2"|—||43||26 |- |[[2018–19 FC Porto season|2018–19]] |8||4||0||0||1||0||1{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||1{{efn|name=SCO|Appearance in [[Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira]]}}||0||11||4 |- |[[2019–20 FC Porto season|2019–20]] |5||0||2||0||0||0||2{{efn|One appearance in UEFA Champions League, one appearance and two goals in UEFA Europa League}}||2||colspan="2"|—||9||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total !83!!36!!12!!5!!8!!4!!21!!13!!1!!0!!125!!58 |- |[[Beşiktaş J.K.|Beşiktaş]] (loan) |[[2016–17 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2016–17]] |rowspan="2"|[[Süper Lig]] |27||12||2||1||colspan="2"|—||9{{efn|Six appearances and three goals in UEFA Champions League, three appearances and three goals in UEFA Europa League}}||6||colspan="2"|—||38||19 |- |Beşiktaş |[[2020–21 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2020–21]] |26||15||3||1||colspan="2"|—||0||0||colspan="2"|—||29||16 |- |rowspan="3"|[[Al Nassr FC|Al Nassr]] |[[2021–22 Al-Nassr FC season|2021–22]] |rowspan="2"|[[Saudi Pro League]] |23||8||1||0||colspan="2"|–||3{{efn|name=ACL|Appearances in [[AFC Champions League]]}}||1||colspan="2"|–||27||9 |- |[[2022–23 Al-Nassr FC season|2022–23]] |11||4||1||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||0||0||12||4 |- !colspan="2"|Total !34!!12!!2!!0!!colspan="2"|–!!3!!1!!0!!0!!39!!13 |- |rowspan="3"|Beşiktaş |[[2022–23 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2022–23]] |rowspan="2"|Süper Lig |16||13||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||16||13 |- |[[2023–24 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2023–24]] |22||5||2||0||colspan="2"|—||10{{efn|name=UECL|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}}||7|| colspan="2"|—||34||12 |- !colspan="2"|Total !38!!18!!2!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!10!!7!!colspan="2"|—!!50!!25 |- |[[Hatayspor]] |[[2024–25 Hatayspor season|2024–25]] |Süper Lig |25||7||3||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||28||8 |- |[[Neftçi PFK|Neftçi]] |[[2025–26 Neftçi PFK season|2025–26]] |[[Azerbaijan Premier League]] |16||7||2||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||18||9 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !359!!140!!31!!13!!11!!7!!43!!27!!1!!0!!444!!187 |} {{notelist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Aikin kasa da kasa == [[File:Cameroon-Chilie (8).jpg|thumb|Aboubakar playing against [[Chile national football team|Chile]] at the 2017 Confederations Cup]] {{updated|match played 13 November 2025}}<ref name=nft>{{NFT player}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="16"|[[Cameroon national football team|Cameroon]] |2010||7||1 |- |2011||5||0 |- |2012||5||0 |- |2013||4||0 |- |2014||10||5 |- |2015||12||6 |- |2016||5||2 |- |2017||16||5 |- |2018||1||1 |- |2019||2||0 |- |2020||2||3 |- |2021||8||2 |- |2022||17||10 |- |2023||4||2 |- |2024||10||5 |- |2025||9||3 |- !colspan="2"|Total!!117!!45 |} {{updated|match played 9 June 2025}}<ref name=nft/><ref name=SW>{{soccerway|vincent-aboubakar/131021}}</ref> :''Scores and results list Cameroon's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Aboubakar goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Vincent Aboubakar !scope="col"|No. !scope="col" data-sort-type="date"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Cap !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition |- |align="center"|1 |11 August 2010||[[Stadion Poznań]], [[Poznań]], Poland||align="center"|5||{{fb|POL}}||align="center"|3–0||align="center"|3–0||[[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]] |- |align="center"|2 |5 March 2014||[[Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa]], [[Leiria]], Portugal||align="center"|22||{{fb|POR}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|1–5||Friendly |- |align="center"|3 |6 September 2014||[[Stade TP Mazembe]], [[Lubumbashi]], DR Congo||align="center"|27||{{fb|DRC}}||align="center"|2–0||align="center"|2–0||[[2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group D|2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|4 |rowspan="2"|10 September 2014||rowspan="2"|[[Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium]], [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|28||rowspan="2"|{{fb|CIV}}||align="center"|2–1||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|5 |align="center"|3–1 |- |align="center"|6 |15 November 2014||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|30||{{fb|DRC}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|7 |10 January 2015||[[Stade d'Angondjé]], [[Libreville]], Gabon||align="center"|32||{{fb|RSA}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–1||Friendly |- |align="center"|8 |25 March 2015||[[Gelora Delta Stadium]], [[Sidoarjo Regency|Sidoarjo]], Indonesia||align="center"|36||{{fb|IDN}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||Friendly |- |align="center"|9 |6 June 2015||[[Stade Yves-du-Manoir]], [[Colombes]], France||align="center"|37||{{fb|BFA}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|3–2||Friendly |- |align="center"|10 |14 June 2015||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|39||{{fb|MTN|1959}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||[[2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group M|2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|11 |6 September 2015||[[Independence Stadium (Bakau)|Independence Stadium]], [[Bakau]], Gambia||align="center"|40||{{fb|GAM}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|12 |13 November 2015||[[Stade Général Seyni Kountché]], [[Niamey]], Niger||align="center"|42||{{fb|NIG}}||align="center"|2–0||align="center"|3–0||[[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF second round|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|13 |30 May 2016||[[Stade de la Beaujoire]], [[Nantes]], France||align="center"|45||{{fb|FRA}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|2–3||Friendly |- |align="center"|14 |12 November 2016||[[Kouekong Stadium]], [[Bafoussam]], Cameroon||align="center"|48||{{fb|ZAM}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|1–1||[[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF third round|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|15 |5 February 2017||[[Stade d'Angondjé|Stade de l'Amitié]], Libreville, Gabon||align="center"|54||{{fb|EGY}}||align="center"|2–1||align="center"|2–1||[[2017 Africa Cup of Nations final]] |- |align="center"|16 |24 March 2017||[[Mustapha Ben Jannet Stadium]], [[Monastir, Tunisia|Monastir]], Tunisia||align="center"|55||{{fb|TUN}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||Friendly |- |align="center"|17 |10 June 2017||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|57||{{fb|MAR}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||[[2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group B|2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|18 |25 June 2017||[[Fisht Olympic Stadium]], [[Sochi]], Russia||align="center"|60||{{fb|GER}}||align="center"|1–2||align="center"|1–3||[[2017 FIFA Confederations Cup Group B|2017 FIFA Confederations Cup]] |- |align="center"|19 |4 September 2017||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|62||{{fb|NGA}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|1–1||2018 FIFA World Cup qualification |- |align="center"|20 |25 March 2018||[[Jaber Al-Ahmad International Stadium]], [[Kuwait City]], Kuwait||align="center"|65||{{fb|KUW}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|3–1||Friendly |- |align="center"|21 |rowspan="2"|12 November 2020||rowspan="2"|[[Reunification Stadium]], [[Douala]], Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|68||rowspan="2"|{{fb|MOZ}}||align="center"|1–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|[[2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group F|2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|22 |align="center"|2–0 |- |align="center"|23 |16 November 2020||[[Estádio do Zimpeto]], [[Maputo]], Mozambique||align="center"|69||{{fb|MOZ}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|2–0||2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|24 |3 September 2021||[[Olembe Stadium|Paul Biya Stadium]], Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|72||{{fb|MWI}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|2–0||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF second round|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|25 |13 November 2021||[[Orlando Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]], South Africa||align="center"|76||{{fb|MWI}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|4–0||2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |- |align="center"|26 |rowspan="2"|9 January 2022||rowspan="2"|Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|78||rowspan="2"|{{fb|BFA}}||align="center"|1–1||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|2–1||rowspan="2"|[[2021 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- |align="center"|27 |align="center"|2–1 |- |align="center"|28 |rowspan="2"|13 January 2022||rowspan="2"|Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|79||rowspan="2"|{{fb|ETH}}||align="center"|2–1||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|29 |align="center"|3–1 |- |align="center"|30 |17 January 2022||Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|80||{{fb|CPV}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–1||2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|31 |24 January 2022||Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|81||{{fb|COM}}||align="center"|2–0||align="center"|2–1||2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|32 |rowspan="2"|5 February 2022||rowspan="2"|Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|84||rowspan="2"|{{fb|BFA}}||align="center"|2–3||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|3–3||rowspan="2"|2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|33 |align="center"|3–3 |- |align="center"|34 |28 November 2022||[[Al Janoub Stadium]], [[Al Wakrah]], Qatar||align="center"|93||{{fb|SRB}}||align="center"|2–3||align="center"|3–3||[[2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|2022 FIFA World Cup]] |- |align="center"|35 |2 December 2022||[[Lusail Stadium]], [[Lusail]], Qatar||align="center"|94||{{fb|BRA}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||2022 FIFA World Cup |- |align="center"|36 |28 March 2023||[[Dobsonville Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]], South Africa||align="center"|95||{{fb|NAM}}||align="center"|1–2||align="center"|1–2||[[2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group C|2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|37 |12 September 2023||[[Roumdé Adjia Stadium]], [[Garoua]], Cameroon||align="center"|96||{{fb|BDI}}||align="center"|3–0||align="center"|3–0||2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|38 |rowspan="2"|8 June 2024||rowspan="2"|Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|101||rowspan="2"|{{fb|CPV}}||align="center"|2–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Group D|2026 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|39 |align="center"|3–1 |- |align="center"|40 |7 September 2024||[[Japoma Stadium]], Doaula, Cameroon||align="center"|103||{{fb|NAM}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||[[2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group J|2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|41 |11 October 2024||Japoma Stadium, Doaula, Cameroon||align="center"|105||{{fb|KEN}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|4–1||2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|42 |19 November 2024||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|108||{{fb|ZIM}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|2–1||2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|43 |rowspan="2"|25 March 2025||rowspan="2"|Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center" rowspan="2"|110||rowspan="2"|{{fb|LBY}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center" rowspan="2"|3–1||rowspan="2"|2026 FIFA World Cup qualification |- |align="center"|44 |align="center"|3–0 |- | style="text-align:center"|45 || 9 June 2025 || [[Marrakesh Stadium]], [[Marrakesh]], Morocco || align="center" | 112 || {{fb|EQG}} || style="text-align:center"|1–0 || style="text-align:center"|1–1 || Friendly |} ==Daraja== '''Coton Sport''' *[[Elite One]]: [[2009–10 Elite One|2009–10]] '''Beşiktaş''' *[[Süper Lig]]: [[2016-17 Süper Lig|2016–17]],<ref>{{cite news|date=15 May 2016|title=Beşiktaş end Turkish title drought|url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/022d-0e94532b623d-8efdc4253039-1000--besiktas-end-turkish-title-drought/|access-date=1 August 2020|website=[[UEFA]]|archive-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908182601/https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/member-associations/TUR/news/022d-0e94532b623d-8efdc4253039-1000--besiktas-end-turkish-title-drought/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2020–21 Süper Lig|2020–21]] *[[Turkish Cup]]: [[2020–21 Turkish Cup|2020–21]], [[2023–24 Turkish Cup|2023–24]] * [[Turkish Super Cup]]: [[2024 Turkish Super Cup|2024]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.turkiyetoday.com/sports/besiktas-claims-turkcell-super-cup-with-5-0-win-over-galatasaray-35863/|title=Besiktas claims Turkcell Super Cup with 5-0 win over Galatasaray|website=Türkiye Today|date=3 August 2024|access-date=3 August 2024}}</ref> '''Porto''' *[[Primeira Liga]]: [[2017–18 Primeira Liga|2017–18]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://talksport.com/football/porto-break-benfica-dominance-portugal-win-first-league-title-2013-and-have-massive-party|title=Porto break Benfica dominance in Portugal to win first league title since 2013 and have a massive party|last=talkSPORT|date=7 May 2018|work=talkSPORT|access-date=25 May 2018|archive-date=11 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511082149/https://talksport.com/football/porto-break-benfica-dominance-portugal-win-first-league-title-2013-and-have-massive-party|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2019–20 Primeira Liga|2019–20]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 July 2020|title=Juventus held by Sassuolo in thriller, Porto win Primeira Liga title|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/jul/16/european-roundup-juventus-sassuolo-milan-parma-porto-sporting|access-date=1 August 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415042045/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/jul/16/european-roundup-juventus-sassuolo-milan-parma-porto-sporting|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[Taça de Portugal]]: [[2019–20 Taça de Portugal|2019–20]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Porto defeat Benfica to win 17th Portuguese Cup|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/porto-defeat-benfica-win-17th-portuguese-cup-221103259--sow.html|date=1 August 2020|access-date=1 August 2020|website=Yahoo Sports|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808070159/https://sports.yahoo.com/porto-defeat-benfica-win-17th-portuguese-cup-221103259--sow.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira]]: [[2018 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira|2018]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/futebol-nacional/fc-porto-conquista-supertaca-pela-21-vez_d1091335|title=FC Porto conquista Supertaça pela 21.ª vez|trans-title=FC Porto conquer Supercup for the 21st time|publisher=[[Rádio e Televisão de Portugal]]|language=pt|date=4 August 2018|access-date=7 August 2018|archive-date=6 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806181251/https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/futebol-nacional/fc-porto-conquista-supertaca-pela-21-vez_d1091335|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Cameroon''' *[[Africa Cup of Nations]]: [[2017 Africa Cup of Nations|2017]]<ref name=":0" /> '''Kai da kai''' *Africa Cup of Nations Golden Boot: [[2021 Africa Cup of Nations#Awards|2021]]<ref name=top>{{cite news|url=https://www.cafonline.com/press-release/news/mane-cisse-mendy-aboubakar-take-totalenergies-afcon-individual-awards|title=Mane, Cissé, Mendy, Aboubakar take TotalEnergies AFCON individual awards|publisher=Confederation of African Football|date=8 February 2022|access-date=8 February 2022|archive-date=8 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208020433/https://www.cafonline.com/press-release/news/mane-cisse-mendy-aboubakar-take-totalenergies-afcon-individual-awards|url-status=live}}</ref> *Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament: [[2021 Africa Cup of Nations#Best XI|2021]]<ref>{{cite tweet |user=CAF_Online |number=1490747184668717062 |date=7 February 2022 |access-date=7 February 2022|title=Not your average players Here is the #TotalEnergiesAFCON2021 best XI #AFCON2021}}</ref> *[[France Football]] Africa Team of the Year: 2017<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Benatia-ghoulam-seri-salah-voici-l-equipe-type-d-afrique-2017-de-france-football/862867 | title=Benatia, Ghoulam, Seri, Salah... Voici l'équipe type d'Afrique 2017 de France Football | access-date=5 January 2023 | archive-date=2 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102211837/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Benatia-ghoulam-seri-salah-voici-l-equipe-type-d-afrique-2017-de-france-football/862867 | url-status=live }}</ref> == Manazarta == gggl1hh60t74pcpvi5qdv59sr4cf9b7 Giwa (Kaduna) 0 7159 967765 866761 2026-10-15T03:49:23Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* */ 967765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:African Bush Elephant.jpg|thumb|Gari mai sunan Dabba]] [[Fayil:Giwa Hospital Kaduna.jpg|thumb|Asibitin giwa ]] * [[Fayil:Elephant Drawing (1).jpg|thumb|tanbarin giwa]]Ƙaramar hukumar '''Giwa''' ƙaramar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce a [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna a]] [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta, tana cikin garin Giwa. Abubakar Lawal ne shugaban ƙaramar hukumar Giwa Wanda yake kai a yanzu.<ref>https://en.db-city.com/en.db-city.com--Nigeria--Kaduna--Giwa{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An ƙirƙiro ta ne a ranar 15 ga Satumban shekara ta 1991, da shugaban ƙasa na lokacin kuma babban kwamandan Tarayyar [[Najeriya]] Janar Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida GCFR, daga ƙaramar hukumar Igabi ta jihar Kaduna. <ref name=":0">https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/386/giwa</ref> Tana da yanki na 2,066 km2 da yawan jama'a 286,427 a ƙidayar shekarar 2006. Tana da gundumoni 11 waɗanda su ne shika, Idasu, Kadaga, Danmahawayi, Kidandan, Galadimawa, Gangara, Giwa, Kakangi, Pan Hauya da kuma yakawada kuma tare da kananan hukumomi 2 na cigaba.<ref name=":0" /> Tana nan a Arewa maso Yamma da Jihar Kaduna.[2] Lambar akwatin gidan waya na ƙaramar hukumar Giwa ita ce 81 it0.[3]<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". </ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx</ref> ==Tarihi== An ƙirƙiro ta ne a ranar 15 ga Satumban shekarar 1991, a zamanin shugaban ƙasa na Mulkin Soja na, [[Najeriya]] Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida]] GCFR, daga ƙaramar hukumar Igabi ta jihar Kaduna.<ref>"Giwa Local Government Area". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 10 March 2022</ref> ==Al umma== Tana da faɗin kasa Dayawa 2,066&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a kidayar shekara ta 2006. Tana da Gundumomi 11 su ne shika, Idasu, Kaɗage, Ɗanmahawayi, Kidandan, Galadimawa, Gangara, Giwa, Kakangi, Panhauya da kuma Yakawada kuma tare da mazaunin Ƴan Majalisar dokokin jihar Kaduna guda 2 Giwa ta Gabas Inda Tpl Adamu Muhammad Shika ke wakilta . da Giwa ta yamma wadda Hon.Umar Auwal Bajimi ke wakilta. Tana nan a Arewa maso Yamma a Najeriya<ref>"Giwa Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 10 September 2023</ref> Lambar akwatin gidan waya na karamar hukumar Giwa ita ce 810. == Ayyukan Tattalin Arziki a Giwa == Baban tattalin arziƙin Al'ummar karamar hukumar Giwa shine Noma da kiwo da Ƴan Kasuwanni, sai ɗai_ɗai kun ma'aikatan Gwamnati. Akwai kasuwannin mako-mako da ake ci a kasuwar Giwa . Kasuwar Galadimawa da Kasuwar Ɗa'a Wannan kasuwanni suna sayar da kayan gona da Dabbobi iri-iri.,<ref>Nigeria, Media (24 April 2018). "Giwa L.G.A Polling Units/Wards". Media Nigeria. Retrieved 17 May 2023.</ref> === Jerin unguwanni a hukumar giwa === * Giwa<ref>"Climate Change Giwa". meteoblue. Retrieved 22 October 2023.</ref> * Danmahawayi * Idasu * Pan Hauya * Galadimawa * Kadage * Shika * Gangara<ref>IMPACT OF RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN GIWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA". CodeMint. 31 May 2019. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</ref> * Kakangi * Kidandan * yakawada<ref>https://www.medianigeria.com/giwa-l-g-a-polling-units-wards/<<[[https://muryaryanci.com/kaduna-an-tsige-mataimakin-shugaban-karamar-hukumar-giwa/?amp=1 https:// (Ref)] [<=[https://muryaryanci.com/kaduna-an-tsige-mataimakin-shugaban-karamar-hukumar-giwa/?amp=1 muryaryanci.com/kaduna-an-tsige-mataimakin-shugaban-karamar-hukumar-giwa/?amp=1]{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<=14November,2022<=</ref> == Manazarta. == {{Reflist}} 4rov2yb83p221nxo8xccfp1go02pung 967766 967765 2026-10-15T03:51:40Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Ayyukan Tattalin Arziki a Giwa */ 967766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:African Bush Elephant.jpg|thumb|Gari mai sunan Dabba]] [[Fayil:Giwa Hospital Kaduna.jpg|thumb|Asibitin giwa ]] * [[Fayil:Elephant Drawing (1).jpg|thumb|tanbarin giwa]]Ƙaramar hukumar '''Giwa''' ƙaramar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce a [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna a]] [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta, tana cikin garin Giwa. Abubakar Lawal ne shugaban ƙaramar hukumar Giwa Wanda yake kai a yanzu.<ref>https://en.db-city.com/en.db-city.com--Nigeria--Kaduna--Giwa{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An ƙirƙiro ta ne a ranar 15 ga Satumban shekara ta 1991, da shugaban ƙasa na lokacin kuma babban kwamandan Tarayyar [[Najeriya]] Janar Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida GCFR, daga ƙaramar hukumar Igabi ta jihar Kaduna. <ref name=":0">https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/386/giwa</ref> Tana da yanki na 2,066 km2 da yawan jama'a 286,427 a ƙidayar shekarar 2006. Tana da gundumoni 11 waɗanda su ne shika, Idasu, Kadaga, Danmahawayi, Kidandan, Galadimawa, Gangara, Giwa, Kakangi, Pan Hauya da kuma yakawada kuma tare da kananan hukumomi 2 na cigaba.<ref name=":0" /> Tana nan a Arewa maso Yamma da Jihar Kaduna.[2] Lambar akwatin gidan waya na ƙaramar hukumar Giwa ita ce 81 it0.[3]<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". </ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx</ref> ==Tarihi== An ƙirƙiro ta ne a ranar 15 ga Satumban shekarar 1991, a zamanin shugaban ƙasa na Mulkin Soja na, [[Najeriya]] Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida]] GCFR, daga ƙaramar hukumar Igabi ta jihar Kaduna.<ref>"Giwa Local Government Area". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 10 March 2022</ref> ==Al umma== Tana da faɗin kasa Dayawa 2,066&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a kidayar shekara ta 2006. Tana da Gundumomi 11 su ne shika, Idasu, Kaɗage, Ɗanmahawayi, Kidandan, Galadimawa, Gangara, Giwa, Kakangi, Panhauya da kuma Yakawada kuma tare da mazaunin Ƴan Majalisar dokokin jihar Kaduna guda 2 Giwa ta Gabas Inda Tpl Adamu Muhammad Shika ke wakilta . da Giwa ta yamma wadda Hon.Umar Auwal Bajimi ke wakilta. Tana nan a Arewa maso Yamma a Najeriya<ref>"Giwa Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 10 September 2023</ref> Lambar akwatin gidan waya na karamar hukumar Giwa ita ce 810. == Ayyukan Tattalin Arziki a Giwa == Baban tattalin arziƙin Al'ummar karamar hukumar Giwa shine Noma da kiwo da Kasuwanci, sai ɗai_ɗai kun ma'aikatan Gwamnati. Akwai kasuwannin mako-mako da ake ci a kasuwar Giwa . Kasuwar Galadimawa da Kasuwar Ɗa'a Wannan kasuwanni suna sayar da kayan gona da Dabbobi iri-iri.,<ref>Nigeria, Media (24 April 2018). "Giwa L.G.A Polling Units/Wards". Media Nigeria. Retrieved 17 May 2023.</ref> === Jerin unguwanni a hukumar giwa === * Giwa<ref>"Climate Change Giwa". meteoblue. Retrieved 22 October 2023.</ref> * Danmahawayi * Idasu * Pan Hauya * Galadimawa * Kadage * Shika * Gangara<ref>IMPACT OF RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN GIWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA". CodeMint. 31 May 2019. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</ref> * Kakangi * Kidandan * yakawada<ref>https://www.medianigeria.com/giwa-l-g-a-polling-units-wards/<<[[https://muryaryanci.com/kaduna-an-tsige-mataimakin-shugaban-karamar-hukumar-giwa/?amp=1 https:// (Ref)] [<=[https://muryaryanci.com/kaduna-an-tsige-mataimakin-shugaban-karamar-hukumar-giwa/?amp=1 muryaryanci.com/kaduna-an-tsige-mataimakin-shugaban-karamar-hukumar-giwa/?amp=1]{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<=14November,2022<=</ref> == Manazarta. == {{Reflist}} ec9ts0lcuwcmya67awxmv0u3ggyl529 Dangote Group 0 8329 967831 949045 2026-10-15T11:28:37Z Maiakwai4u 37986 967831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Malala, Ziauddin Yousafzai and USAID Staffs at 2013 UNGA.jpg|thumb|Dangote da wasu mutane]] [[File:Dredging vessel at work at Dangote refinery site, Lekki Lagos State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Kamfanin dangote]] [[File:Aliko Dangote Petroleum Company 03.jpg|thumb|Kamfanin fetur na Dangote]] [[Fayil:Aliko Dangote Petroleum Company 03.jpg|thumb|gidan aliko dangote]] Rukunin kamfanoni na '''Dangote''' ko '''Dangote Group''' kamfani ne na hadaka a [[Najeriya]] mallakin babban attajirin na mai suna Alhaji<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dangotecement.com/careers/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-07 |archive-date=2023-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702140121/https://www.dangotecement.com/careers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ((Aliko Dangote)). Shi ne babban kamfani a yankin [[Afirka ta yamma]] kuma Yana daya daga cikin manya a nahiyar [[Afirka]]. Kuma Kamfanin ayanzu ya samar wa da mutane aikin yi a kalla sun kai dubu dari uku 300,000 An samar da kamfanin ne a shekara ta alif Dari Tara da tamanin da daya wato (1981) da farko domin [[kasuwanci]] inda ya fara da shigo da sikari da siminti da [[shinkafa]] da [[kifi]] da sauran kayayyakin masarufi na bukatun yau da kullum don rarrabawa a kasuwannin dakumah yan kasuwah na Najeriya. Kamfanin ya cigaba ya zama babbban kamfanin da ke sarrafawa tare da samar da kayayyaki a shekara ta alif Dari tara da cassa,in da daya 1991, ya fara da yin saka ta tufafi, dakumah sarrafa fulawa, sai sarrafa gishiri, sarrafa sukari. Daga nan kamfanin ya bunkasa zuwa samar da kamfanin sarrafa siminti. Kamfanin ya bunkasa zuwa sauran sassa na nahiyar Afrika dama duniya baki daya. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dangoterefinery.org/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-07 |archive-date=2023-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162322/https://www.dangoterefinery.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A yanzu rukunin yana tafiyar da kamfanoni sama da goma sha,takwas 18 a kasahen Afrika guda goma. Babbar cibiyar rukunun kamfanonin Dangote tana jihar [[Lagos]] a Najeriya. == Tarihin kamfanin == Aliko dangote ne ya kafa kamfanin bayan samun rance na dalar [[Amurika]] $3,000 daga hannun kawunsa. Ya fara ne da sayar da kayan [[abinci]] daga bisani kuma ya cigaba zuwa shigo da kayayyaki ta jirgin ruwa kamar siminti sikari da daisauransu. A yazu kamfanin yayi suna kumah ya bunkasa sosai a Nahiyar Afrika. Kamfanin na samarwa tare da kasuwancin Shinkafa, Sikari, Fulawa, taliya, kayan ruwa, man fetur da iskar gas, samar da rukunun gidaje, harkar sadarwa, takin zamani da karafa. == Rarrabuwar Kamfani == Kamfanin wanda ya shahara a huldar kasuwar duniya ta hada-hadar hannayen jari 'Stock Exchange' ya rarrabu zuwa kasashen [[Benin]], [[Kamaru]], [[Ghana]], [[Najeriya]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da [[Zambiya]] Kamfanin sikari na Dangote shi ne babban kamfanin sikari a yankin Afrika makusantan [[Sahara]].<ref></ref> Ayanzu kamfanin Dangote yasai da hannun jari ga al'ummar Qasar Nigeria Dan temakawa dakumah samar da abinyi tahanyar sanya kudi ah juya Dan amfanin yau da kullum. == Manazarta == {{DEFAULTSORT:Dangote}} [[Category:Kamfanoni]] [[Category:Hausawa]] luhz6pd8qp0l63ce9809uzt19tqia1s Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna 0 8669 967751 884317 2026-10-15T03:05:48Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* */ 967751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Kaduna State University 26.jpg|thumb|jami'ar kasu]] [[Fayil:Kaduna State University 63.jpg|thumb|Sashen karatun computer ]] '''Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna, (KASU),''' wacce take a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. An kafa ta a shekara tadubu biyu da ashirin da huɗu (2004). Yana da bangarorin koyarwa guda bakwai tare da sassa sama da 39 da ɗakin karatu wanda ya ƙunshi juzu'in littattafai sama da 17,000. Yana da rassa guda biyu : [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]] da [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]].<ref>https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Jami’ar Jahar Kaduna ne a karkashin dokar Jihar Kaduna da aka kaddamar a watan Mayun 2004. Sanarwar ta biyo bayan bukatuwar bunkasa manyan makarantu a yankin arewaci da kudancin jihar. Saboda haka, an amince da cibiyoyin karatu guda biyu: ɗaya a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] da ɗayan a [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]]. Harabar Kaduna ta fara gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na farko. Dr. [[Ahmed Makarfi|Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi]], gwamnan jihar Kaduna a wannan lokacin kuma mai ziyara a jami'ar, ya naɗa Farfesa Idris Abdulkadir a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar gudanarwa kuma shugaban majalisar gudanarwa yayin da Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] ya zama mataimakin shugaban jami'a na farko. Farfesa Aminu S. Mikailu, ya karbi ragamar mulki daga hannun Farfesa Sambo a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa na biyu a lokacin da gwamnatin tarayya ta nada shi shugaban hukumar makamashi ta Najeriya.<ref>https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/kasu-courses/</ref> Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman shine VC na uku, an nada Farfesa WB Quirix a matsayin VC na hudu kafin Farfesa Muhammad Tanko (2017-2021). Farfesa Yohanna Tella yana Mukaddashin VC daga Janairu zuwa Yuni, 2022. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu shine Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, wanda ya karbi ragamar mulki a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. Mai Martaba Sarki [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi]] shi ne Pro Chancellor a yanzu, yayin da Hussaini Adamu Dikko shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Mulki.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Kaduna-State-University</ref> [[File:Kaduna_State_University.jpg|thumb]] == Gudanarwa == Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna tana da Chancellor a matsayin shugaban bikin, yayin da mataimakin shugaban jami’ar shi ne babban jami’in gudanarwa da ilimi, kamar sauran Jami’o’in Najeriya. Yawancin lokaci ana nada mataimakin shugaban jami'a na tsawon shekaru biyar, wanda ba a sabunta shi ba. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu, Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, ya fara aiki ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen duk mataimakan shugabannin KASU. Lambobin 4, 6, 8 da 9 duk mataimakan kansila ne, har zuwa lokacin da majalisar gudanarwar jami'ar ta nada VC. {| class="wikitable" !S/N ! Suna ! Lokaci ! Sana'a |- | 1 | Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] | 2004 | Injiniya Injiniya |- | 2 | Farfesa Aminu Salihu Mikailu | 2005-2006 | Gudanar da Accounting |- | 3 | Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman | 2007-2012 | Mai harhada magunguna |- | 4 | Professor Muhammad Tanko (Ag) | 2012 | Accounting |- | 5 | Farfesa William Barnabas Qurix | 2012-2017 | Gine-gine |- | 6 | Professor Ado-Baba Ahmed (Ag) | 2017 | Masanin halittu |- | 7 | Farfesa Muhammad Tanko | 2017-2022 | Accounting |- | 8 | Farfesa Yohanna Tella | 2022 | Masanin lissafi |- | 9 | Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa | 2022 - Kwanan wata | Masanin tarihi |- |+ ''Tushen tebur:'' Littafin Jagora na 11th ed. |} == Makarantu == Jami'ar tana da kwalejoji bakwai da kwalejin likitanci: === Faculty of Arts === Faculty of Arts yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Yana da sassa bakwai. Faculty of Arts ta ƙunshi sassa kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * [[Larabci]] * Nazarin Addinin Kirista * Turanci Da Drama * [[Faransanci]] * [[Tarihi]] * [[Ilimin Musulunci|Karatun Musulunci]] * Harsunan Najeriya & Harsuna === Faculty of Science === Makarantar Kimiyya tana daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyya a halin yanzu tana kunshe da sassan da ke Kaduna Campus: * Biochemistry * Kimiyyar Halittu * [[Kimiyya|Chemistry]] * [[Labarin kasa|Geography]] * Kimiyyar Lissafi * Microbiology * Physics * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Masana'antu sunadarai * Kididdiga * ilimin kula da Ginegine [ Estate Management ] * ilimin Criminology * ilimin Zanezane === Kwalejin Magunguna === An kafa kwalejin koyon aikin likitanci da ke Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna a shekarar 2008 da burin samar da likitocin kiwon lafiya da sauran ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya wadanda suka fahimci al’adar jikin dan’adam da mara kyau, da iyali da kuma al’umma, da isassun ilimin kimiyyar da za su ci gaba da samun horo don zama kwararru. malamai, da masu bincike. Manufarta ita ce ta horar da likitoci da sauran ma’aikatan lafiya masu inganci wadanda za su rika gudanar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya a jihar Kaduna da sauran sassan Najeriya, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a cikin al’umma da kuma cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na matakin farko, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a kowane bangare na duniya., suna iya ɗaukar ƙarin horo don zama ƙwararru, kuma suna iya gudanar da bincike na kimiyya don amfanin ɗan adam. Kwalejin likitanci tana da sashi guda: * Magani * Asibitin koyarwa na Barau Dikko an shirya shi ne don horar da masu siyar da magunguna da daliban likitanci. === Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences === An kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a cikin 2012. Shugaban gidauniyar Dr. Ahmed Tijjani Mora . Yana da sassa biyar: * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Toxicology * Sashen Kula da Magungunan Magunguna da Magunguna * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Magungunan Magunguna * Ma'aikatar Pharmacognosy da Ci gaban Magunguna * Sashen Magungunan Magunguna da Kwayoyin Halitta na Magunguna. === Faculty of Social Sciences === Faculty of Social Sciences yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Zamani ta ƙunshi sassa kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * Ilimin tattalin arziki * Sadarwar Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * [[Kimiyar al'umma|Ilimin zamantakewa]] === Faculty of Management Sciences === Har ila yau, Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa na daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa ta ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa a harabar Kaduna: * Accounting * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Banki da Kudi * Kasuwancin kasuwanci * Talla * [[Kimiyar al'umma|Gudanar da Jama'a]] === Faculty of Environmental Sciences === Makarantar Kimiyyar Muhalli tana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin kwalejoji, wanda aka kafa a cikin 2012, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ikon tunani guda biyu a harabar Kafachan. Yana da sassa hudu: * Gudanar da Gidaje * Binciken Yawan * Gudanar da Muhalli * [[Karatun gine-gine|Gine-gine]] === Faculty of Agriculture === Kwalejin Aikin Noma na daya daga cikin sabbin kwalejojin da aka kafa a shekarar 2012, kuma tana daya daga cikin kwalejoji biyu da ke harabar Kafachan. Yana da sashi guda: * [[Noma]] == Kwalejin Ilimin Basira da Nazarin Gyara == Kwalejin Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies tana da cibiyoyi guda biyu: babban harabar da ke kan titin Maiduguri, Kaduna da kuma daya a Kafanchan. An kafa babban harabar a 2004 da Kafanchan harabar a 2012. Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies shiri ne na horaswa na share fage da nufin samar da ƙwararrun ƴan takara daga wuraren da jami'ar ta kama da sauran ƴan Najeriya. Shirin dai na da matukar muhimmanci ga wadanda suka kasa samun gurbin shiga jami’a ta JAMB saboda karancin makin Jarrabawar Shiga Jami’a (UTME). Tsawon lokacin shirin Nazarin Basic da Remedial shine watanni tara wanda yayi daidai da zama ɗaya na ilimi mai zurfi na ƙwararrun malamai. === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Gyara sune * don shirya wa masu neman gurbin gyara kurakuran su na matakin O ta jarrabawar WAEC da NECO * don shirya masu neman shiga jarabawar UTME * don horar da ’yan takarar da za su ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME * don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a Dukkan wadannan za a samu ne ta hanyar samar da kwararrun malamai, kwararru da kwazo da jami’ar za ta yi. === Bukatun shiga === ==== Babban Shirin ==== Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki ƙasa da ƙididdiga 5 a cikin jarrabawar WASSCE/SSCE/NECO. Kimiyya: Masu neman shirin kimiyya ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Jama'a: 'Yan takara don shirin zane-zane ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a cikin Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Tattalin Arziki, [[Gwamnati]], Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Na duka nau'ikan biyu, masu nema dole ne su rubuta JAMB/UTME na shekara-shekara tare da abubuwan da suka dace kuma dole ne su sami mafi ƙarancin makin wucewa da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta amince da su. ==== Shirin Gyara ==== Kimiyya: Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Ingilishi, Lissafi, Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Jama'a: 'Yan takarar wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Turanci, Lissafi, Tattalin Arziki, Gwamnati, Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Ana sa ran 'yan takarar da aka amince da shirin Remedial su yi rijista kuma su ci SSCE ko NECO a cikin darussan da suka gaza. Ba za a ƙyale 'yan takara su yi rajista don batutuwan da ba a yi ƙoƙari su a matakin O ba. == Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa == === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa sun haɗa da: # Don shirya 'yan takara don cin jarrabawar UTME. # Don horar da 'yan takara don ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME. # Don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a. Duk waɗannan za a samu ta hanyar samar da ƙwararrun malamai, ƙwararrun malamai da kwazo. === Bukatun shiga === Ga Larabci da Faransanci, buƙatun shigar aƙalla kredit biyar ne da suka haɗa da Ingilishi a cikin Jarrabawar WAEC/NECO a cikin zama ba sama da 2 ba. Baya ga buƙatun da ke sama, duk masu son shiga dole ne su yi rajista kuma su zauna don jarrabawar gama karatun sakandare (UTME). == Makarantar Nazarin Digiri == Makarantar tana ba da damar ɗalibai don samun digiri na biyu, digiri na biyu da PhD . Ayyukan makarantar sune kamar haka: * Haɗa shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na biyu na jami'a ciki har da tsarawa, daidaitawa, gudanarwa da shigar da shirye-shiryen karatu. * Ya ba da shawarar samar da kayan aiki don aikin digiri na biyu, ƙa'ida da rarraba kudade don ayyukan karatun digiri. * Haɓaka ingancin umarnin karatun digiri da bincike a cikin jami'a. * Yada ayyukan karatun digiri na jami'a don jawo hankali, kudi da sauran tallafi daga gwamnatoci, masana'antu da sauran hukumomi. Jami'ar tana da ikon tunani guda hudu don shirin digiri na biyu (PG): * Faculty of Arts * Faculty of Science * Faculty of Social Sciences * Faculty of Management Sciences. == Mutane == === Sanannen tsofaffin ɗalibai === * [[Hafsat Mohammed Baba]] * Kenneth Bitrus Dauda * Yunusa Adamu Ugya === Sanannen Faculty === * Farfesa Adamu Idris Tanko * Farfesa AA Adepetu * Prof. Mohammed Nasiru Sambo * Aondover Augustine Tarhule * Auwal Farouk Abdussalam * Dakta Caleb Mohammed === Masu Digiri na Daraja === * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai|Nasiru El-Rufai]] * [[Zainab Ahmed|Zainab Shamsuna Ahmed]] * Alhaji Muhammad Maigari Dingyadi * [[Mele Kyari|Malam Mele Kyari]] * Seinde Fademi Oladapo * Amb. Suleiman Dauda Umar == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.kasu.edu.ng/ Yanar Gizo na Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008083828/http://kasu.edu.ng/ |date=2010-10-08 }} * [http://student.kasu.edu.ng/ Kaduna State University portal] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Articles using infobox university]] [[Category:Pages using infobox university with the image name parameter]] tqvmdoy9doos4c65lxohpf6fdlhitjb 967752 967751 2026-10-15T03:08:30Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Tarihi */ 967752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Kaduna State University 26.jpg|thumb|jami'ar kasu]] [[Fayil:Kaduna State University 63.jpg|thumb|Sashen karatun computer ]] '''Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna, (KASU),''' wacce take a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. An kafa ta a shekara tadubu biyu da ashirin da huɗu (2004). Yana da bangarorin koyarwa guda bakwai tare da sassa sama da 39 da ɗakin karatu wanda ya ƙunshi juzu'in littattafai sama da 17,000. Yana da rassa guda biyu : [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]] da [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]].<ref>https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Jami’ar Jahar Kaduna ne a karkashin dokar Jihar Kaduna da aka kaddamar a watan Mayun 2004. Sanarwar ta biyo bayan bukatuwar bunkasa manyan makarantu a yankin arewaci da kudancin jihar. Saboda haka, an amince da cibiyoyin karatu guda biyu: ɗaya a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] da ɗayan a [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]]. Harabar Kaduna ta fara gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na farko. Dr. [[Ahmed Makarfi|Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi]], gwamnan jihar Kaduna a wannan lokacin kuma mai ziyara a jami'ar, ya naɗa Farfesa Idris Abdulkadir a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar gudanarwa kuma shugaban majalisar gudanarwa yayin da Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] ya zama mataimakin shugaban jami'a na farko. Farfesa Aminu S. Mikailu, ya karbi ragamar mulki daga hannun Farfesa Sambo a matsayin mataimakin jami'a na biyu a lokacin da gwamnatin tarayya ta nada shi shugaban hukumar makamashi ta Najeriya.<ref>https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/kasu-courses/</ref> Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman shine VC na uku, an nada Farfesa WB Quirix a matsayin VC na hudu kafin Farfesa Muhammad Tanko (2017-2021). Farfesa Yohanna Tella yana Mukaddashin VC daga Janairu zuwa Yuni, 2022. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu shine Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, wanda ya karbi ragamar mulki a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. Mai Martaba Sarki [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi]] shi ne Pro Chancellor a yanzu, yayin da Hussaini Adamu Dikko shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Mulki.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Kaduna-State-University</ref> [[File:Kaduna_State_University.jpg|thumb]] == Gudanarwa == Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna tana da Chancellor a matsayin shugaban bikin, yayin da mataimakin shugaban jami’ar shi ne babban jami’in gudanarwa da ilimi, kamar sauran Jami’o’in Najeriya. Yawancin lokaci ana nada mataimakin shugaban jami'a na tsawon shekaru biyar, wanda ba a sabunta shi ba. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu, Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, ya fara aiki ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen duk mataimakan shugabannin KASU. Lambobin 4, 6, 8 da 9 duk mataimakan kansila ne, har zuwa lokacin da majalisar gudanarwar jami'ar ta nada VC. {| class="wikitable" !S/N ! Suna ! Lokaci ! Sana'a |- | 1 | Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] | 2004 | Injiniya Injiniya |- | 2 | Farfesa Aminu Salihu Mikailu | 2005-2006 | Gudanar da Accounting |- | 3 | Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman | 2007-2012 | Mai harhada magunguna |- | 4 | Professor Muhammad Tanko (Ag) | 2012 | Accounting |- | 5 | Farfesa William Barnabas Qurix | 2012-2017 | Gine-gine |- | 6 | Professor Ado-Baba Ahmed (Ag) | 2017 | Masanin halittu |- | 7 | Farfesa Muhammad Tanko | 2017-2022 | Accounting |- | 8 | Farfesa Yohanna Tella | 2022 | Masanin lissafi |- | 9 | Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa | 2022 - Kwanan wata | Masanin tarihi |- |+ ''Tushen tebur:'' Littafin Jagora na 11th ed. |} == Makarantu == Jami'ar tana da kwalejoji bakwai da kwalejin likitanci: === Faculty of Arts === Faculty of Arts yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Yana da sassa bakwai. Faculty of Arts ta ƙunshi sassa kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * [[Larabci]] * Nazarin Addinin Kirista * Turanci Da Drama * [[Faransanci]] * [[Tarihi]] * [[Ilimin Musulunci|Karatun Musulunci]] * Harsunan Najeriya & Harsuna === Faculty of Science === Makarantar Kimiyya tana daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyya a halin yanzu tana kunshe da sassan da ke Kaduna Campus: * Biochemistry * Kimiyyar Halittu * [[Kimiyya|Chemistry]] * [[Labarin kasa|Geography]] * Kimiyyar Lissafi * Microbiology * Physics * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Masana'antu sunadarai * Kididdiga * ilimin kula da Ginegine [ Estate Management ] * ilimin Criminology * ilimin Zanezane === Kwalejin Magunguna === An kafa kwalejin koyon aikin likitanci da ke Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna a shekarar 2008 da burin samar da likitocin kiwon lafiya da sauran ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya wadanda suka fahimci al’adar jikin dan’adam da mara kyau, da iyali da kuma al’umma, da isassun ilimin kimiyyar da za su ci gaba da samun horo don zama kwararru. malamai, da masu bincike. Manufarta ita ce ta horar da likitoci da sauran ma’aikatan lafiya masu inganci wadanda za su rika gudanar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya a jihar Kaduna da sauran sassan Najeriya, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a cikin al’umma da kuma cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na matakin farko, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a kowane bangare na duniya., suna iya ɗaukar ƙarin horo don zama ƙwararru, kuma suna iya gudanar da bincike na kimiyya don amfanin ɗan adam. Kwalejin likitanci tana da sashi guda: * Magani * Asibitin koyarwa na Barau Dikko an shirya shi ne don horar da masu siyar da magunguna da daliban likitanci. === Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences === An kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a cikin 2012. Shugaban gidauniyar Dr. Ahmed Tijjani Mora . Yana da sassa biyar: * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Toxicology * Sashen Kula da Magungunan Magunguna da Magunguna * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Magungunan Magunguna * Ma'aikatar Pharmacognosy da Ci gaban Magunguna * Sashen Magungunan Magunguna da Kwayoyin Halitta na Magunguna. === Faculty of Social Sciences === Faculty of Social Sciences yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Zamani ta ƙunshi sassa kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * Ilimin tattalin arziki * Sadarwar Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * [[Kimiyar al'umma|Ilimin zamantakewa]] === Faculty of Management Sciences === Har ila yau, Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa na daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa ta ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa a harabar Kaduna: * Accounting * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Banki da Kudi * Kasuwancin kasuwanci * Talla * [[Kimiyar al'umma|Gudanar da Jama'a]] === Faculty of Environmental Sciences === Makarantar Kimiyyar Muhalli tana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin kwalejoji, wanda aka kafa a cikin 2012, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ikon tunani guda biyu a harabar Kafachan. Yana da sassa hudu: * Gudanar da Gidaje * Binciken Yawan * Gudanar da Muhalli * [[Karatun gine-gine|Gine-gine]] === Faculty of Agriculture === Kwalejin Aikin Noma na daya daga cikin sabbin kwalejojin da aka kafa a shekarar 2012, kuma tana daya daga cikin kwalejoji biyu da ke harabar Kafachan. Yana da sashi guda: * [[Noma]] == Kwalejin Ilimin Basira da Nazarin Gyara == Kwalejin Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies tana da cibiyoyi guda biyu: babban harabar da ke kan titin Maiduguri, Kaduna da kuma daya a Kafanchan. An kafa babban harabar a 2004 da Kafanchan harabar a 2012. Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies shiri ne na horaswa na share fage da nufin samar da ƙwararrun ƴan takara daga wuraren da jami'ar ta kama da sauran ƴan Najeriya. Shirin dai na da matukar muhimmanci ga wadanda suka kasa samun gurbin shiga jami’a ta JAMB saboda karancin makin Jarrabawar Shiga Jami’a (UTME). Tsawon lokacin shirin Nazarin Basic da Remedial shine watanni tara wanda yayi daidai da zama ɗaya na ilimi mai zurfi na ƙwararrun malamai. === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Gyara sune * don shirya wa masu neman gurbin gyara kurakuran su na matakin O ta jarrabawar WAEC da NECO * don shirya masu neman shiga jarabawar UTME * don horar da ’yan takarar da za su ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME * don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a Dukkan wadannan za a samu ne ta hanyar samar da kwararrun malamai, kwararru da kwazo da jami’ar za ta yi. === Bukatun shiga === ==== Babban Shirin ==== Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki ƙasa da ƙididdiga 5 a cikin jarrabawar WASSCE/SSCE/NECO. Kimiyya: Masu neman shirin kimiyya ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Jama'a: 'Yan takara don shirin zane-zane ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a cikin Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Tattalin Arziki, [[Gwamnati]], Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Na duka nau'ikan biyu, masu nema dole ne su rubuta JAMB/UTME na shekara-shekara tare da abubuwan da suka dace kuma dole ne su sami mafi ƙarancin makin wucewa da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta amince da su. ==== Shirin Gyara ==== Kimiyya: Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Ingilishi, Lissafi, Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Jama'a: 'Yan takarar wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Turanci, Lissafi, Tattalin Arziki, Gwamnati, Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Ana sa ran 'yan takarar da aka amince da shirin Remedial su yi rijista kuma su ci SSCE ko NECO a cikin darussan da suka gaza. Ba za a ƙyale 'yan takara su yi rajista don batutuwan da ba a yi ƙoƙari su a matakin O ba. == Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa == === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa sun haɗa da: # Don shirya 'yan takara don cin jarrabawar UTME. # Don horar da 'yan takara don ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME. # Don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a. Duk waɗannan za a samu ta hanyar samar da ƙwararrun malamai, ƙwararrun malamai da kwazo. === Bukatun shiga === Ga Larabci da Faransanci, buƙatun shigar aƙalla kredit biyar ne da suka haɗa da Ingilishi a cikin Jarrabawar WAEC/NECO a cikin zama ba sama da 2 ba. Baya ga buƙatun da ke sama, duk masu son shiga dole ne su yi rajista kuma su zauna don jarrabawar gama karatun sakandare (UTME). == Makarantar Nazarin Digiri == Makarantar tana ba da damar ɗalibai don samun digiri na biyu, digiri na biyu da PhD . Ayyukan makarantar sune kamar haka: * Haɗa shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na biyu na jami'a ciki har da tsarawa, daidaitawa, gudanarwa da shigar da shirye-shiryen karatu. * Ya ba da shawarar samar da kayan aiki don aikin digiri na biyu, ƙa'ida da rarraba kudade don ayyukan karatun digiri. * Haɓaka ingancin umarnin karatun digiri da bincike a cikin jami'a. * Yada ayyukan karatun digiri na jami'a don jawo hankali, kudi da sauran tallafi daga gwamnatoci, masana'antu da sauran hukumomi. Jami'ar tana da ikon tunani guda hudu don shirin digiri na biyu (PG): * Faculty of Arts * Faculty of Science * Faculty of Social Sciences * Faculty of Management Sciences. == Mutane == === Sanannen tsofaffin ɗalibai === * [[Hafsat Mohammed Baba]] * Kenneth Bitrus Dauda * Yunusa Adamu Ugya === Sanannen Faculty === * Farfesa Adamu Idris Tanko * Farfesa AA Adepetu * Prof. Mohammed Nasiru Sambo * Aondover Augustine Tarhule * Auwal Farouk Abdussalam * Dakta Caleb Mohammed === Masu Digiri na Daraja === * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai|Nasiru El-Rufai]] * [[Zainab Ahmed|Zainab Shamsuna Ahmed]] * Alhaji Muhammad Maigari Dingyadi * [[Mele Kyari|Malam Mele Kyari]] * Seinde Fademi Oladapo * Amb. Suleiman Dauda Umar == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.kasu.edu.ng/ Yanar Gizo na Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008083828/http://kasu.edu.ng/ |date=2010-10-08 }} * [http://student.kasu.edu.ng/ Kaduna State University portal] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Articles using infobox university]] [[Category:Pages using infobox university with the image name parameter]] 9o0d2t1jhkr0oqd77iqcqrgrubeg5yg 967753 967752 2026-10-15T03:10:38Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Faculty of Arts */ 967753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Kaduna State University 26.jpg|thumb|jami'ar kasu]] [[Fayil:Kaduna State University 63.jpg|thumb|Sashen karatun computer ]] '''Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna, (KASU),''' wacce take a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. An kafa ta a shekara tadubu biyu da ashirin da huɗu (2004). Yana da bangarorin koyarwa guda bakwai tare da sassa sama da 39 da ɗakin karatu wanda ya ƙunshi juzu'in littattafai sama da 17,000. Yana da rassa guda biyu : [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]] da [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]].<ref>https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Jami’ar Jahar Kaduna ne a karkashin dokar Jihar Kaduna da aka kaddamar a watan Mayun 2004. Sanarwar ta biyo bayan bukatuwar bunkasa manyan makarantu a yankin arewaci da kudancin jihar. Saboda haka, an amince da cibiyoyin karatu guda biyu: ɗaya a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] da ɗayan a [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]]. Harabar Kaduna ta fara gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na farko. Dr. [[Ahmed Makarfi|Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi]], gwamnan jihar Kaduna a wannan lokacin kuma mai ziyara a jami'ar, ya naɗa Farfesa Idris Abdulkadir a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar gudanarwa kuma shugaban majalisar gudanarwa yayin da Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] ya zama mataimakin shugaban jami'a na farko. Farfesa Aminu S. Mikailu, ya karbi ragamar mulki daga hannun Farfesa Sambo a matsayin mataimakin jami'a na biyu a lokacin da gwamnatin tarayya ta nada shi shugaban hukumar makamashi ta Najeriya.<ref>https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/kasu-courses/</ref> Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman shine VC na uku, an nada Farfesa WB Quirix a matsayin VC na hudu kafin Farfesa Muhammad Tanko (2017-2021). Farfesa Yohanna Tella yana Mukaddashin VC daga Janairu zuwa Yuni, 2022. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu shine Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, wanda ya karbi ragamar mulki a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. Mai Martaba Sarki [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi]] shi ne Pro Chancellor a yanzu, yayin da Hussaini Adamu Dikko shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Mulki.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Kaduna-State-University</ref> [[File:Kaduna_State_University.jpg|thumb]] == Gudanarwa == Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna tana da Chancellor a matsayin shugaban bikin, yayin da mataimakin shugaban jami’ar shi ne babban jami’in gudanarwa da ilimi, kamar sauran Jami’o’in Najeriya. Yawancin lokaci ana nada mataimakin shugaban jami'a na tsawon shekaru biyar, wanda ba a sabunta shi ba. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu, Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, ya fara aiki ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen duk mataimakan shugabannin KASU. Lambobin 4, 6, 8 da 9 duk mataimakan kansila ne, har zuwa lokacin da majalisar gudanarwar jami'ar ta nada VC. {| class="wikitable" !S/N ! Suna ! Lokaci ! Sana'a |- | 1 | Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] | 2004 | Injiniya Injiniya |- | 2 | Farfesa Aminu Salihu Mikailu | 2005-2006 | Gudanar da Accounting |- | 3 | Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman | 2007-2012 | Mai harhada magunguna |- | 4 | Professor Muhammad Tanko (Ag) | 2012 | Accounting |- | 5 | Farfesa William Barnabas Qurix | 2012-2017 | Gine-gine |- | 6 | Professor Ado-Baba Ahmed (Ag) | 2017 | Masanin halittu |- | 7 | Farfesa Muhammad Tanko | 2017-2022 | Accounting |- | 8 | Farfesa Yohanna Tella | 2022 | Masanin lissafi |- | 9 | Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa | 2022 - Kwanan wata | Masanin tarihi |- |+ ''Tushen tebur:'' Littafin Jagora na 11th ed. |} == Makarantu == Jami'ar tana da kwalejoji bakwai da kwalejin likitanci: === Faculty of Arts === Faculty of Arts yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Yana da sassa bakwai. Faculty of Arts ta ƙunshi sassa daban daban kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * [[Larabci]] * Nazarin Addinin Kirista * Turanci Da Drama * [[Faransanci]] * [[Tarihi]] * [[Ilimin Musulunci|Karatun Musulunci]] * Harsunan Najeriya & Harsuna === Faculty of Science === Makarantar Kimiyya tana daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyya a halin yanzu tana kunshe da sassan da ke Kaduna Campus: * Biochemistry * Kimiyyar Halittu * [[Kimiyya|Chemistry]] * [[Labarin kasa|Geography]] * Kimiyyar Lissafi * Microbiology * Physics * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Masana'antu sunadarai * Kididdiga * ilimin kula da Ginegine [ Estate Management ] * ilimin Criminology * ilimin Zanezane === Kwalejin Magunguna === An kafa kwalejin koyon aikin likitanci da ke Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna a shekarar 2008 da burin samar da likitocin kiwon lafiya da sauran ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya wadanda suka fahimci al’adar jikin dan’adam da mara kyau, da iyali da kuma al’umma, da isassun ilimin kimiyyar da za su ci gaba da samun horo don zama kwararru. malamai, da masu bincike. Manufarta ita ce ta horar da likitoci da sauran ma’aikatan lafiya masu inganci wadanda za su rika gudanar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya a jihar Kaduna da sauran sassan Najeriya, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a cikin al’umma da kuma cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na matakin farko, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a kowane bangare na duniya., suna iya ɗaukar ƙarin horo don zama ƙwararru, kuma suna iya gudanar da bincike na kimiyya don amfanin ɗan adam. Kwalejin likitanci tana da sashi guda: * Magani * Asibitin koyarwa na Barau Dikko an shirya shi ne don horar da masu siyar da magunguna da daliban likitanci. === Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences === An kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a cikin 2012. Shugaban gidauniyar Dr. Ahmed Tijjani Mora . Yana da sassa biyar: * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Toxicology * Sashen Kula da Magungunan Magunguna da Magunguna * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Magungunan Magunguna * Ma'aikatar Pharmacognosy da Ci gaban Magunguna * Sashen Magungunan Magunguna da Kwayoyin Halitta na Magunguna. === Faculty of Social Sciences === Faculty of Social Sciences yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Zamani ta ƙunshi sassa kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * Ilimin tattalin arziki * Sadarwar Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * [[Kimiyar al'umma|Ilimin zamantakewa]] === Faculty of Management Sciences === Har ila yau, Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa na daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa ta ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa a harabar Kaduna: * Accounting * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Banki da Kudi * Kasuwancin kasuwanci * Talla * [[Kimiyar al'umma|Gudanar da Jama'a]] === Faculty of Environmental Sciences === Makarantar Kimiyyar Muhalli tana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin kwalejoji, wanda aka kafa a cikin 2012, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ikon tunani guda biyu a harabar Kafachan. Yana da sassa hudu: * Gudanar da Gidaje * Binciken Yawan * Gudanar da Muhalli * [[Karatun gine-gine|Gine-gine]] === Faculty of Agriculture === Kwalejin Aikin Noma na daya daga cikin sabbin kwalejojin da aka kafa a shekarar 2012, kuma tana daya daga cikin kwalejoji biyu da ke harabar Kafachan. Yana da sashi guda: * [[Noma]] == Kwalejin Ilimin Basira da Nazarin Gyara == Kwalejin Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies tana da cibiyoyi guda biyu: babban harabar da ke kan titin Maiduguri, Kaduna da kuma daya a Kafanchan. An kafa babban harabar a 2004 da Kafanchan harabar a 2012. Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies shiri ne na horaswa na share fage da nufin samar da ƙwararrun ƴan takara daga wuraren da jami'ar ta kama da sauran ƴan Najeriya. Shirin dai na da matukar muhimmanci ga wadanda suka kasa samun gurbin shiga jami’a ta JAMB saboda karancin makin Jarrabawar Shiga Jami’a (UTME). Tsawon lokacin shirin Nazarin Basic da Remedial shine watanni tara wanda yayi daidai da zama ɗaya na ilimi mai zurfi na ƙwararrun malamai. === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Gyara sune * don shirya wa masu neman gurbin gyara kurakuran su na matakin O ta jarrabawar WAEC da NECO * don shirya masu neman shiga jarabawar UTME * don horar da ’yan takarar da za su ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME * don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a Dukkan wadannan za a samu ne ta hanyar samar da kwararrun malamai, kwararru da kwazo da jami’ar za ta yi. === Bukatun shiga === ==== Babban Shirin ==== Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki ƙasa da ƙididdiga 5 a cikin jarrabawar WASSCE/SSCE/NECO. Kimiyya: Masu neman shirin kimiyya ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Jama'a: 'Yan takara don shirin zane-zane ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a cikin Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Tattalin Arziki, [[Gwamnati]], Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Na duka nau'ikan biyu, masu nema dole ne su rubuta JAMB/UTME na shekara-shekara tare da abubuwan da suka dace kuma dole ne su sami mafi ƙarancin makin wucewa da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta amince da su. ==== Shirin Gyara ==== Kimiyya: Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Ingilishi, Lissafi, Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Jama'a: 'Yan takarar wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Turanci, Lissafi, Tattalin Arziki, Gwamnati, Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Ana sa ran 'yan takarar da aka amince da shirin Remedial su yi rijista kuma su ci SSCE ko NECO a cikin darussan da suka gaza. Ba za a ƙyale 'yan takara su yi rajista don batutuwan da ba a yi ƙoƙari su a matakin O ba. == Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa == === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa sun haɗa da: # Don shirya 'yan takara don cin jarrabawar UTME. # Don horar da 'yan takara don ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME. # Don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a. Duk waɗannan za a samu ta hanyar samar da ƙwararrun malamai, ƙwararrun malamai da kwazo. === Bukatun shiga === Ga Larabci da Faransanci, buƙatun shigar aƙalla kredit biyar ne da suka haɗa da Ingilishi a cikin Jarrabawar WAEC/NECO a cikin zama ba sama da 2 ba. Baya ga buƙatun da ke sama, duk masu son shiga dole ne su yi rajista kuma su zauna don jarrabawar gama karatun sakandare (UTME). == Makarantar Nazarin Digiri == Makarantar tana ba da damar ɗalibai don samun digiri na biyu, digiri na biyu da PhD . Ayyukan makarantar sune kamar haka: * Haɗa shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na biyu na jami'a ciki har da tsarawa, daidaitawa, gudanarwa da shigar da shirye-shiryen karatu. * Ya ba da shawarar samar da kayan aiki don aikin digiri na biyu, ƙa'ida da rarraba kudade don ayyukan karatun digiri. * Haɓaka ingancin umarnin karatun digiri da bincike a cikin jami'a. * Yada ayyukan karatun digiri na jami'a don jawo hankali, kudi da sauran tallafi daga gwamnatoci, masana'antu da sauran hukumomi. Jami'ar tana da ikon tunani guda hudu don shirin digiri na biyu (PG): * Faculty of Arts * Faculty of Science * Faculty of Social Sciences * Faculty of Management Sciences. == Mutane == === Sanannen tsofaffin ɗalibai === * [[Hafsat Mohammed Baba]] * Kenneth Bitrus Dauda * Yunusa Adamu Ugya === Sanannen Faculty === * Farfesa Adamu Idris Tanko * Farfesa AA Adepetu * Prof. Mohammed Nasiru Sambo * Aondover Augustine Tarhule * Auwal Farouk Abdussalam * Dakta Caleb Mohammed === Masu Digiri na Daraja === * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai|Nasiru El-Rufai]] * [[Zainab Ahmed|Zainab Shamsuna Ahmed]] * Alhaji Muhammad Maigari Dingyadi * [[Mele Kyari|Malam Mele Kyari]] * Seinde Fademi Oladapo * Amb. Suleiman Dauda Umar == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.kasu.edu.ng/ Yanar Gizo na Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008083828/http://kasu.edu.ng/ |date=2010-10-08 }} * [http://student.kasu.edu.ng/ Kaduna State University portal] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Articles using infobox university]] [[Category:Pages using infobox university with the image name parameter]] 162c1yc5snwoyiwfjthma8u86gh3xx0 967754 967753 2026-10-15T03:13:40Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Faculty of Social Sciences */ 967754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Kaduna State University 26.jpg|thumb|jami'ar kasu]] [[Fayil:Kaduna State University 63.jpg|thumb|Sashen karatun computer ]] '''Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna, (KASU),''' wacce take a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. An kafa ta a shekara tadubu biyu da ashirin da huɗu (2004). Yana da bangarorin koyarwa guda bakwai tare da sassa sama da 39 da ɗakin karatu wanda ya ƙunshi juzu'in littattafai sama da 17,000. Yana da rassa guda biyu : [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]] da [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]].<ref>https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Jami’ar Jahar Kaduna ne a karkashin dokar Jihar Kaduna da aka kaddamar a watan Mayun 2004. Sanarwar ta biyo bayan bukatuwar bunkasa manyan makarantu a yankin arewaci da kudancin jihar. Saboda haka, an amince da cibiyoyin karatu guda biyu: ɗaya a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] da ɗayan a [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]]. Harabar Kaduna ta fara gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na farko. Dr. [[Ahmed Makarfi|Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi]], gwamnan jihar Kaduna a wannan lokacin kuma mai ziyara a jami'ar, ya naɗa Farfesa Idris Abdulkadir a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar gudanarwa kuma shugaban majalisar gudanarwa yayin da Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] ya zama mataimakin shugaban jami'a na farko. Farfesa Aminu S. Mikailu, ya karbi ragamar mulki daga hannun Farfesa Sambo a matsayin mataimakin jami'a na biyu a lokacin da gwamnatin tarayya ta nada shi shugaban hukumar makamashi ta Najeriya.<ref>https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/kasu-courses/</ref> Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman shine VC na uku, an nada Farfesa WB Quirix a matsayin VC na hudu kafin Farfesa Muhammad Tanko (2017-2021). Farfesa Yohanna Tella yana Mukaddashin VC daga Janairu zuwa Yuni, 2022. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu shine Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, wanda ya karbi ragamar mulki a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. Mai Martaba Sarki [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi]] shi ne Pro Chancellor a yanzu, yayin da Hussaini Adamu Dikko shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Mulki.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Kaduna-State-University</ref> [[File:Kaduna_State_University.jpg|thumb]] == Gudanarwa == Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna tana da Chancellor a matsayin shugaban bikin, yayin da mataimakin shugaban jami’ar shi ne babban jami’in gudanarwa da ilimi, kamar sauran Jami’o’in Najeriya. Yawancin lokaci ana nada mataimakin shugaban jami'a na tsawon shekaru biyar, wanda ba a sabunta shi ba. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu, Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, ya fara aiki ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen duk mataimakan shugabannin KASU. Lambobin 4, 6, 8 da 9 duk mataimakan kansila ne, har zuwa lokacin da majalisar gudanarwar jami'ar ta nada VC. {| class="wikitable" !S/N ! Suna ! Lokaci ! Sana'a |- | 1 | Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] | 2004 | Injiniya Injiniya |- | 2 | Farfesa Aminu Salihu Mikailu | 2005-2006 | Gudanar da Accounting |- | 3 | Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman | 2007-2012 | Mai harhada magunguna |- | 4 | Professor Muhammad Tanko (Ag) | 2012 | Accounting |- | 5 | Farfesa William Barnabas Qurix | 2012-2017 | Gine-gine |- | 6 | Professor Ado-Baba Ahmed (Ag) | 2017 | Masanin halittu |- | 7 | Farfesa Muhammad Tanko | 2017-2022 | Accounting |- | 8 | Farfesa Yohanna Tella | 2022 | Masanin lissafi |- | 9 | Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa | 2022 - Kwanan wata | Masanin tarihi |- |+ ''Tushen tebur:'' Littafin Jagora na 11th ed. |} == Makarantu == Jami'ar tana da kwalejoji bakwai da kwalejin likitanci: === Faculty of Arts === Faculty of Arts yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Yana da sassa bakwai. Faculty of Arts ta ƙunshi sassa daban daban kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * [[Larabci]] * Nazarin Addinin Kirista * Turanci Da Drama * [[Faransanci]] * [[Tarihi]] * [[Ilimin Musulunci|Karatun Musulunci]] * Harsunan Najeriya & Harsuna === Faculty of Science === Makarantar Kimiyya tana daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyya a halin yanzu tana kunshe da sassan da ke Kaduna Campus: * Biochemistry * Kimiyyar Halittu * [[Kimiyya|Chemistry]] * [[Labarin kasa|Geography]] * Kimiyyar Lissafi * Microbiology * Physics * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Masana'antu sunadarai * Kididdiga * ilimin kula da Ginegine [ Estate Management ] * ilimin Criminology * ilimin Zanezane === Kwalejin Magunguna === An kafa kwalejin koyon aikin likitanci da ke Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna a shekarar 2008 da burin samar da likitocin kiwon lafiya da sauran ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya wadanda suka fahimci al’adar jikin dan’adam da mara kyau, da iyali da kuma al’umma, da isassun ilimin kimiyyar da za su ci gaba da samun horo don zama kwararru. malamai, da masu bincike. Manufarta ita ce ta horar da likitoci da sauran ma’aikatan lafiya masu inganci wadanda za su rika gudanar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya a jihar Kaduna da sauran sassan Najeriya, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a cikin al’umma da kuma cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na matakin farko, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a kowane bangare na duniya., suna iya ɗaukar ƙarin horo don zama ƙwararru, kuma suna iya gudanar da bincike na kimiyya don amfanin ɗan adam. Kwalejin likitanci tana da sashi guda: * Magani * Asibitin koyarwa na Barau Dikko an shirya shi ne don horar da masu siyar da magunguna da daliban likitanci. === Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences === An kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a cikin 2012. Shugaban gidauniyar Dr. Ahmed Tijjani Mora . Yana da sassa biyar: * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Toxicology * Sashen Kula da Magungunan Magunguna da Magunguna * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Magungunan Magunguna * Ma'aikatar Pharmacognosy da Ci gaban Magunguna * Sashen Magungunan Magunguna da Kwayoyin Halitta na Magunguna. === Faculty of Social Sciences === Faculty of Social Sciences yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Zamani ta ƙunshi sassa kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * Ilimin tattalin arziki * Sadarwar Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * [[Kimiyar al'umma|I]]<nowiki/>limin laburare da tattara bayani(library and Information Science) * [[Kimiyar al'umma|limin zamantakewa]] === Faculty of Management Sciences === Har ila yau, Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa na daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa ta ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa a harabar Kaduna: * Accounting * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Banki da Kudi * Kasuwancin kasuwanci * Talla * [[Kimiyar al'umma|Gudanar da Jama'a]] === Faculty of Environmental Sciences === Makarantar Kimiyyar Muhalli tana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin kwalejoji, wanda aka kafa a cikin 2012, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ikon tunani guda biyu a harabar Kafachan. Yana da sassa hudu: * Gudanar da Gidaje * Binciken Yawan * Gudanar da Muhalli * [[Karatun gine-gine|Gine-gine]] === Faculty of Agriculture === Kwalejin Aikin Noma na daya daga cikin sabbin kwalejojin da aka kafa a shekarar 2012, kuma tana daya daga cikin kwalejoji biyu da ke harabar Kafachan. Yana da sashi guda: * [[Noma]] == Kwalejin Ilimin Basira da Nazarin Gyara == Kwalejin Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies tana da cibiyoyi guda biyu: babban harabar da ke kan titin Maiduguri, Kaduna da kuma daya a Kafanchan. An kafa babban harabar a 2004 da Kafanchan harabar a 2012. Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies shiri ne na horaswa na share fage da nufin samar da ƙwararrun ƴan takara daga wuraren da jami'ar ta kama da sauran ƴan Najeriya. Shirin dai na da matukar muhimmanci ga wadanda suka kasa samun gurbin shiga jami’a ta JAMB saboda karancin makin Jarrabawar Shiga Jami’a (UTME). Tsawon lokacin shirin Nazarin Basic da Remedial shine watanni tara wanda yayi daidai da zama ɗaya na ilimi mai zurfi na ƙwararrun malamai. === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Gyara sune * don shirya wa masu neman gurbin gyara kurakuran su na matakin O ta jarrabawar WAEC da NECO * don shirya masu neman shiga jarabawar UTME * don horar da ’yan takarar da za su ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME * don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a Dukkan wadannan za a samu ne ta hanyar samar da kwararrun malamai, kwararru da kwazo da jami’ar za ta yi. === Bukatun shiga === ==== Babban Shirin ==== Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki ƙasa da ƙididdiga 5 a cikin jarrabawar WASSCE/SSCE/NECO. Kimiyya: Masu neman shirin kimiyya ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Jama'a: 'Yan takara don shirin zane-zane ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a cikin Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Tattalin Arziki, [[Gwamnati]], Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Na duka nau'ikan biyu, masu nema dole ne su rubuta JAMB/UTME na shekara-shekara tare da abubuwan da suka dace kuma dole ne su sami mafi ƙarancin makin wucewa da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta amince da su. ==== Shirin Gyara ==== Kimiyya: Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Ingilishi, Lissafi, Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Jama'a: 'Yan takarar wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Turanci, Lissafi, Tattalin Arziki, Gwamnati, Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Ana sa ran 'yan takarar da aka amince da shirin Remedial su yi rijista kuma su ci SSCE ko NECO a cikin darussan da suka gaza. Ba za a ƙyale 'yan takara su yi rajista don batutuwan da ba a yi ƙoƙari su a matakin O ba. == Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa == === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa sun haɗa da: # Don shirya 'yan takara don cin jarrabawar UTME. # Don horar da 'yan takara don ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME. # Don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a. Duk waɗannan za a samu ta hanyar samar da ƙwararrun malamai, ƙwararrun malamai da kwazo. === Bukatun shiga === Ga Larabci da Faransanci, buƙatun shigar aƙalla kredit biyar ne da suka haɗa da Ingilishi a cikin Jarrabawar WAEC/NECO a cikin zama ba sama da 2 ba. Baya ga buƙatun da ke sama, duk masu son shiga dole ne su yi rajista kuma su zauna don jarrabawar gama karatun sakandare (UTME). == Makarantar Nazarin Digiri == Makarantar tana ba da damar ɗalibai don samun digiri na biyu, digiri na biyu da PhD . Ayyukan makarantar sune kamar haka: * Haɗa shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na biyu na jami'a ciki har da tsarawa, daidaitawa, gudanarwa da shigar da shirye-shiryen karatu. * Ya ba da shawarar samar da kayan aiki don aikin digiri na biyu, ƙa'ida da rarraba kudade don ayyukan karatun digiri. * Haɓaka ingancin umarnin karatun digiri da bincike a cikin jami'a. * Yada ayyukan karatun digiri na jami'a don jawo hankali, kudi da sauran tallafi daga gwamnatoci, masana'antu da sauran hukumomi. Jami'ar tana da ikon tunani guda hudu don shirin digiri na biyu (PG): * Faculty of Arts * Faculty of Science * Faculty of Social Sciences * Faculty of Management Sciences. == Mutane == === Sanannen tsofaffin ɗalibai === * [[Hafsat Mohammed Baba]] * Kenneth Bitrus Dauda * Yunusa Adamu Ugya === Sanannen Faculty === * Farfesa Adamu Idris Tanko * Farfesa AA Adepetu * Prof. Mohammed Nasiru Sambo * Aondover Augustine Tarhule * Auwal Farouk Abdussalam * Dakta Caleb Mohammed === Masu Digiri na Daraja === * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai|Nasiru El-Rufai]] * [[Zainab Ahmed|Zainab Shamsuna Ahmed]] * Alhaji Muhammad Maigari Dingyadi * [[Mele Kyari|Malam Mele Kyari]] * Seinde Fademi Oladapo * Amb. Suleiman Dauda Umar == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.kasu.edu.ng/ Yanar Gizo na Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008083828/http://kasu.edu.ng/ |date=2010-10-08 }} * [http://student.kasu.edu.ng/ Kaduna State University portal] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Articles using infobox university]] [[Category:Pages using infobox university with the image name parameter]] 757biwf4c6uw2speoqi7frsc3walmnd 967755 967754 2026-10-15T03:14:33Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Faculty of Social Sciences */ 967755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Kaduna State University 26.jpg|thumb|jami'ar kasu]] [[Fayil:Kaduna State University 63.jpg|thumb|Sashen karatun computer ]] '''Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna, (KASU),''' wacce take a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. An kafa ta a shekara tadubu biyu da ashirin da huɗu (2004). Yana da bangarorin koyarwa guda bakwai tare da sassa sama da 39 da ɗakin karatu wanda ya ƙunshi juzu'in littattafai sama da 17,000. Yana da rassa guda biyu : [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]] da [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]].<ref>https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Jami’ar Jahar Kaduna ne a karkashin dokar Jihar Kaduna da aka kaddamar a watan Mayun 2004. Sanarwar ta biyo bayan bukatuwar bunkasa manyan makarantu a yankin arewaci da kudancin jihar. Saboda haka, an amince da cibiyoyin karatu guda biyu: ɗaya a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] da ɗayan a [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]]. Harabar Kaduna ta fara gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na farko. Dr. [[Ahmed Makarfi|Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi]], gwamnan jihar Kaduna a wannan lokacin kuma mai ziyara a jami'ar, ya naɗa Farfesa Idris Abdulkadir a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar gudanarwa kuma shugaban majalisar gudanarwa yayin da Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] ya zama mataimakin shugaban jami'a na farko. Farfesa Aminu S. Mikailu, ya karbi ragamar mulki daga hannun Farfesa Sambo a matsayin mataimakin jami'a na biyu a lokacin da gwamnatin tarayya ta nada shi shugaban hukumar makamashi ta Najeriya.<ref>https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/kasu-courses/</ref> Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman shine VC na uku, an nada Farfesa WB Quirix a matsayin VC na hudu kafin Farfesa Muhammad Tanko (2017-2021). Farfesa Yohanna Tella yana Mukaddashin VC daga Janairu zuwa Yuni, 2022. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu shine Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, wanda ya karbi ragamar mulki a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. Mai Martaba Sarki [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi]] shi ne Pro Chancellor a yanzu, yayin da Hussaini Adamu Dikko shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Mulki.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Kaduna-State-University</ref> [[File:Kaduna_State_University.jpg|thumb]] == Gudanarwa == Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna tana da Chancellor a matsayin shugaban bikin, yayin da mataimakin shugaban jami’ar shi ne babban jami’in gudanarwa da ilimi, kamar sauran Jami’o’in Najeriya. Yawancin lokaci ana nada mataimakin shugaban jami'a na tsawon shekaru biyar, wanda ba a sabunta shi ba. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu, Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, ya fara aiki ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen duk mataimakan shugabannin KASU. Lambobin 4, 6, 8 da 9 duk mataimakan kansila ne, har zuwa lokacin da majalisar gudanarwar jami'ar ta nada VC. {| class="wikitable" !S/N ! Suna ! Lokaci ! Sana'a |- | 1 | Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] | 2004 | Injiniya Injiniya |- | 2 | Farfesa Aminu Salihu Mikailu | 2005-2006 | Gudanar da Accounting |- | 3 | Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman | 2007-2012 | Mai harhada magunguna |- | 4 | Professor Muhammad Tanko (Ag) | 2012 | Accounting |- | 5 | Farfesa William Barnabas Qurix | 2012-2017 | Gine-gine |- | 6 | Professor Ado-Baba Ahmed (Ag) | 2017 | Masanin halittu |- | 7 | Farfesa Muhammad Tanko | 2017-2022 | Accounting |- | 8 | Farfesa Yohanna Tella | 2022 | Masanin lissafi |- | 9 | Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa | 2022 - Kwanan wata | Masanin tarihi |- |+ ''Tushen tebur:'' Littafin Jagora na 11th ed. |} == Makarantu == Jami'ar tana da kwalejoji bakwai da kwalejin likitanci: === Faculty of Arts === Faculty of Arts yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Yana da sassa bakwai. Faculty of Arts ta ƙunshi sassa daban daban kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * [[Larabci]] * Nazarin Addinin Kirista * Turanci Da Drama * [[Faransanci]] * [[Tarihi]] * [[Ilimin Musulunci|Karatun Musulunci]] * Harsunan Najeriya & Harsuna === Faculty of Science === Makarantar Kimiyya tana daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyya a halin yanzu tana kunshe da sassan da ke Kaduna Campus: * Biochemistry * Kimiyyar Halittu * [[Kimiyya|Chemistry]] * [[Labarin kasa|Geography]] * Kimiyyar Lissafi * Microbiology * Physics * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Masana'antu sunadarai * Kididdiga * ilimin kula da Ginegine [ Estate Management ] * ilimin Criminology * ilimin Zanezane === Kwalejin Magunguna === An kafa kwalejin koyon aikin likitanci da ke Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna a shekarar 2008 da burin samar da likitocin kiwon lafiya da sauran ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya wadanda suka fahimci al’adar jikin dan’adam da mara kyau, da iyali da kuma al’umma, da isassun ilimin kimiyyar da za su ci gaba da samun horo don zama kwararru. malamai, da masu bincike. Manufarta ita ce ta horar da likitoci da sauran ma’aikatan lafiya masu inganci wadanda za su rika gudanar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya a jihar Kaduna da sauran sassan Najeriya, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a cikin al’umma da kuma cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na matakin farko, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a kowane bangare na duniya., suna iya ɗaukar ƙarin horo don zama ƙwararru, kuma suna iya gudanar da bincike na kimiyya don amfanin ɗan adam. Kwalejin likitanci tana da sashi guda: * Magani * Asibitin koyarwa na Barau Dikko an shirya shi ne don horar da masu siyar da magunguna da daliban likitanci. === Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences === An kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a cikin 2012. Shugaban gidauniyar Dr. Ahmed Tijjani Mora . Yana da sassa biyar: * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Toxicology * Sashen Kula da Magungunan Magunguna da Magunguna * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Magungunan Magunguna * Ma'aikatar Pharmacognosy da Ci gaban Magunguna * Sashen Magungunan Magunguna da Kwayoyin Halitta na Magunguna. === Faculty of Social Sciences === Faculty of Social Sciences yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Zamani ta ƙunshi sassa kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * Ilimin tattalin arziki * Sadarwar Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * [[Kimiyar al'umma|limin zamantakewa]] === Faculty of Management Sciences === Har ila yau, Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa na daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa ta ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa a harabar Kaduna: * Accounting * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Banki da Kudi * Kasuwancin kasuwanci * Talla * [[Kimiyar al'umma|Gudanar da Jama'a]] === Faculty of Environmental Sciences === Makarantar Kimiyyar Muhalli tana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin kwalejoji, wanda aka kafa a cikin 2012, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ikon tunani guda biyu a harabar Kafachan. Yana da sassa hudu: * Gudanar da Gidaje * Binciken Yawan * Gudanar da Muhalli * [[Karatun gine-gine|Gine-gine]] === Faculty of Agriculture === Kwalejin Aikin Noma na daya daga cikin sabbin kwalejojin da aka kafa a shekarar 2012, kuma tana daya daga cikin kwalejoji biyu da ke harabar Kafachan. Yana da sashi guda: * [[Noma]] == Kwalejin Ilimin Basira da Nazarin Gyara == Kwalejin Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies tana da cibiyoyi guda biyu: babban harabar da ke kan titin Maiduguri, Kaduna da kuma daya a Kafanchan. An kafa babban harabar a 2004 da Kafanchan harabar a 2012. Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies shiri ne na horaswa na share fage da nufin samar da ƙwararrun ƴan takara daga wuraren da jami'ar ta kama da sauran ƴan Najeriya. Shirin dai na da matukar muhimmanci ga wadanda suka kasa samun gurbin shiga jami’a ta JAMB saboda karancin makin Jarrabawar Shiga Jami’a (UTME). Tsawon lokacin shirin Nazarin Basic da Remedial shine watanni tara wanda yayi daidai da zama ɗaya na ilimi mai zurfi na ƙwararrun malamai. === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Gyara sune * don shirya wa masu neman gurbin gyara kurakuran su na matakin O ta jarrabawar WAEC da NECO * don shirya masu neman shiga jarabawar UTME * don horar da ’yan takarar da za su ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME * don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a Dukkan wadannan za a samu ne ta hanyar samar da kwararrun malamai, kwararru da kwazo da jami’ar za ta yi. === Bukatun shiga === ==== Babban Shirin ==== Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki ƙasa da ƙididdiga 5 a cikin jarrabawar WASSCE/SSCE/NECO. Kimiyya: Masu neman shirin kimiyya ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Jama'a: 'Yan takara don shirin zane-zane ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a cikin Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Tattalin Arziki, [[Gwamnati]], Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Na duka nau'ikan biyu, masu nema dole ne su rubuta JAMB/UTME na shekara-shekara tare da abubuwan da suka dace kuma dole ne su sami mafi ƙarancin makin wucewa da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta amince da su. ==== Shirin Gyara ==== Kimiyya: Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Ingilishi, Lissafi, Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Jama'a: 'Yan takarar wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Turanci, Lissafi, Tattalin Arziki, Gwamnati, Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Ana sa ran 'yan takarar da aka amince da shirin Remedial su yi rijista kuma su ci SSCE ko NECO a cikin darussan da suka gaza. Ba za a ƙyale 'yan takara su yi rajista don batutuwan da ba a yi ƙoƙari su a matakin O ba. == Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa == === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa sun haɗa da: # Don shirya 'yan takara don cin jarrabawar UTME. # Don horar da 'yan takara don ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME. # Don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a. Duk waɗannan za a samu ta hanyar samar da ƙwararrun malamai, ƙwararrun malamai da kwazo. === Bukatun shiga === Ga Larabci da Faransanci, buƙatun shigar aƙalla kredit biyar ne da suka haɗa da Ingilishi a cikin Jarrabawar WAEC/NECO a cikin zama ba sama da 2 ba. Baya ga buƙatun da ke sama, duk masu son shiga dole ne su yi rajista kuma su zauna don jarrabawar gama karatun sakandare (UTME). == Makarantar Nazarin Digiri == Makarantar tana ba da damar ɗalibai don samun digiri na biyu, digiri na biyu da PhD . Ayyukan makarantar sune kamar haka: * Haɗa shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na biyu na jami'a ciki har da tsarawa, daidaitawa, gudanarwa da shigar da shirye-shiryen karatu. * Ya ba da shawarar samar da kayan aiki don aikin digiri na biyu, ƙa'ida da rarraba kudade don ayyukan karatun digiri. * Haɓaka ingancin umarnin karatun digiri da bincike a cikin jami'a. * Yada ayyukan karatun digiri na jami'a don jawo hankali, kudi da sauran tallafi daga gwamnatoci, masana'antu da sauran hukumomi. Jami'ar tana da ikon tunani guda hudu don shirin digiri na biyu (PG): * Faculty of Arts * Faculty of Science * Faculty of Social Sciences * Faculty of Management Sciences. == Mutane == === Sanannen tsofaffin ɗalibai === * [[Hafsat Mohammed Baba]] * Kenneth Bitrus Dauda * Yunusa Adamu Ugya === Sanannen Faculty === * Farfesa Adamu Idris Tanko * Farfesa AA Adepetu * Prof. Mohammed Nasiru Sambo * Aondover Augustine Tarhule * Auwal Farouk Abdussalam * Dakta Caleb Mohammed === Masu Digiri na Daraja === * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai|Nasiru El-Rufai]] * [[Zainab Ahmed|Zainab Shamsuna Ahmed]] * Alhaji Muhammad Maigari Dingyadi * [[Mele Kyari|Malam Mele Kyari]] * Seinde Fademi Oladapo * Amb. Suleiman Dauda Umar == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.kasu.edu.ng/ Yanar Gizo na Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008083828/http://kasu.edu.ng/ |date=2010-10-08 }} * [http://student.kasu.edu.ng/ Kaduna State University portal] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Articles using infobox university]] [[Category:Pages using infobox university with the image name parameter]] h0zvkeolnim23rua3aushcrl6gzg8tk 967826 967755 2026-10-15T11:03:01Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Tarihi */ 967826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Kaduna State University 26.jpg|thumb|jami'ar kasu]] [[Fayil:Kaduna State University 63.jpg|thumb|Sashen karatun computer ]] '''Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna, (KASU),''' wacce take a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. An kafa ta a shekara tadubu biyu da ashirin da huɗu (2004). Yana da bangarorin koyarwa guda bakwai tare da sassa sama da 39 da ɗakin karatu wanda ya ƙunshi juzu'in littattafai sama da 17,000. Yana da rassa guda biyu : [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]] da [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]].<ref>https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Jami’ar Jahar Kaduna ne a karkashin dokar Jihar Kaduna da aka kaddamar a watan Mayu a shekara ta 2004. Sanarwar ta biyo bayan bukatuwar bunkasa manyan makarantu a yankin arewaci da kudancin jihar. Saboda haka, an amince da cibiyoyin karatu guda biyu: ɗaya a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] da ɗayan a [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]]. Harabar Kaduna ta fara gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na farko. Dr. [[Ahmed Makarfi|Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi]], gwamnan jihar Kaduna a wannan lokacin kuma mai ziyara a jami'ar, ya naɗa Farfesa Idris Abdulkadir a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar gudanarwa kuma shugaban majalisar gudanarwa yayin da Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] ya zama mataimakin shugaban jami'a na farko. Farfesa Aminu S. Mikailu, ya karbi ragamar mulki daga hannun Farfesa Sambo a matsayin mataimakin jami'a na biyu a lokacin da gwamnatin tarayya ta nada shi shugaban hukumar makamashi ta Najeriya.<ref>https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/kasu-courses/</ref> Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman shine VC na uku, an nada Farfesa WB Quirix a matsayin VC na hudu kafin Farfesa Muhammad Tanko (2017-2021). Farfesa Yohanna Tella yana Mukaddashin VC daga Janairu zuwa Yuni, 2022. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu shine Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, wanda ya karbi ragamar mulki a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. Mai Martaba Sarki [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi]] shi ne Pro Chancellor a yanzu, yayin da Hussaini Adamu Dikko shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Mulki.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Kaduna-State-University</ref> [[File:Kaduna_State_University.jpg|thumb]] == Gudanarwa == Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna tana da Chancellor a matsayin shugaban bikin, yayin da mataimakin shugaban jami’ar shi ne babban jami’in gudanarwa da ilimi, kamar sauran Jami’o’in Najeriya. Yawancin lokaci ana nada mataimakin shugaban jami'a na tsawon shekaru biyar, wanda ba a sabunta shi ba. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu, Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, ya fara aiki ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen duk mataimakan shugabannin KASU. Lambobin 4, 6, 8 da 9 duk mataimakan kansila ne, har zuwa lokacin da majalisar gudanarwar jami'ar ta nada VC. {| class="wikitable" !S/N ! Suna ! Lokaci ! Sana'a |- | 1 | Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] | 2004 | Injiniya Injiniya |- | 2 | Farfesa Aminu Salihu Mikailu | 2005-2006 | Gudanar da Accounting |- | 3 | Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman | 2007-2012 | Mai harhada magunguna |- | 4 | Professor Muhammad Tanko (Ag) | 2012 | Accounting |- | 5 | Farfesa William Barnabas Qurix | 2012-2017 | Gine-gine |- | 6 | Professor Ado-Baba Ahmed (Ag) | 2017 | Masanin halittu |- | 7 | Farfesa Muhammad Tanko | 2017-2022 | Accounting |- | 8 | Farfesa Yohanna Tella | 2022 | Masanin lissafi |- | 9 | Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa | 2022 - Kwanan wata | Masanin tarihi |- |+ ''Tushen tebur:'' Littafin Jagora na 11th ed. |} == Makarantu == Jami'ar tana da kwalejoji bakwai da kwalejin likitanci: === Faculty of Arts === Faculty of Arts yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Yana da sassa bakwai. Faculty of Arts ta ƙunshi sassa daban daban kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * [[Larabci]] * Nazarin Addinin Kirista * Turanci Da Drama * [[Faransanci]] * [[Tarihi]] * [[Ilimin Musulunci|Karatun Musulunci]] * Harsunan Najeriya & Harsuna === Faculty of Science === Makarantar Kimiyya tana daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyya a halin yanzu tana kunshe da sassan da ke Kaduna Campus: * Biochemistry * Kimiyyar Halittu * [[Kimiyya|Chemistry]] * [[Labarin kasa|Geography]] * Kimiyyar Lissafi * Microbiology * Physics * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Masana'antu sunadarai * Kididdiga * ilimin kula da Ginegine [ Estate Management ] * ilimin Criminology * ilimin Zanezane === Kwalejin Magunguna === An kafa kwalejin koyon aikin likitanci da ke Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna a shekarar 2008 da burin samar da likitocin kiwon lafiya da sauran ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya wadanda suka fahimci al’adar jikin dan’adam da mara kyau, da iyali da kuma al’umma, da isassun ilimin kimiyyar da za su ci gaba da samun horo don zama kwararru. malamai, da masu bincike. Manufarta ita ce ta horar da likitoci da sauran ma’aikatan lafiya masu inganci wadanda za su rika gudanar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya a jihar Kaduna da sauran sassan Najeriya, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a cikin al’umma da kuma cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na matakin farko, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a kowane bangare na duniya., suna iya ɗaukar ƙarin horo don zama ƙwararru, kuma suna iya gudanar da bincike na kimiyya don amfanin ɗan adam. Kwalejin likitanci tana da sashi guda: * Magani * Asibitin koyarwa na Barau Dikko an shirya shi ne don horar da masu siyar da magunguna da daliban likitanci. === Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences === An kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a cikin 2012. Shugaban gidauniyar Dr. Ahmed Tijjani Mora . Yana da sassa biyar: * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Toxicology * Sashen Kula da Magungunan Magunguna da Magunguna * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Magungunan Magunguna * Ma'aikatar Pharmacognosy da Ci gaban Magunguna * Sashen Magungunan Magunguna da Kwayoyin Halitta na Magunguna. === Faculty of Social Sciences === Faculty of Social Sciences yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Zamani ta ƙunshi sassa kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * Ilimin tattalin arziki * Sadarwar Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * [[Kimiyar al'umma|limin zamantakewa]] === Faculty of Management Sciences === Har ila yau, Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa na daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa ta ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa a harabar Kaduna: * Accounting * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Banki da Kudi * Kasuwancin kasuwanci * Talla * [[Kimiyar al'umma|Gudanar da Jama'a]] === Faculty of Environmental Sciences === Makarantar Kimiyyar Muhalli tana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin kwalejoji, wanda aka kafa a cikin 2012, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ikon tunani guda biyu a harabar Kafachan. Yana da sassa hudu: * Gudanar da Gidaje * Binciken Yawan * Gudanar da Muhalli * [[Karatun gine-gine|Gine-gine]] === Faculty of Agriculture === Kwalejin Aikin Noma na daya daga cikin sabbin kwalejojin da aka kafa a shekarar 2012, kuma tana daya daga cikin kwalejoji biyu da ke harabar Kafachan. Yana da sashi guda: * [[Noma]] == Kwalejin Ilimin Basira da Nazarin Gyara == Kwalejin Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies tana da cibiyoyi guda biyu: babban harabar da ke kan titin Maiduguri, Kaduna da kuma daya a Kafanchan. An kafa babban harabar a 2004 da Kafanchan harabar a 2012. Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies shiri ne na horaswa na share fage da nufin samar da ƙwararrun ƴan takara daga wuraren da jami'ar ta kama da sauran ƴan Najeriya. Shirin dai na da matukar muhimmanci ga wadanda suka kasa samun gurbin shiga jami’a ta JAMB saboda karancin makin Jarrabawar Shiga Jami’a (UTME). Tsawon lokacin shirin Nazarin Basic da Remedial shine watanni tara wanda yayi daidai da zama ɗaya na ilimi mai zurfi na ƙwararrun malamai. === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Gyara sune * don shirya wa masu neman gurbin gyara kurakuran su na matakin O ta jarrabawar WAEC da NECO * don shirya masu neman shiga jarabawar UTME * don horar da ’yan takarar da za su ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME * don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a Dukkan wadannan za a samu ne ta hanyar samar da kwararrun malamai, kwararru da kwazo da jami’ar za ta yi. === Bukatun shiga === ==== Babban Shirin ==== Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki ƙasa da ƙididdiga 5 a cikin jarrabawar WASSCE/SSCE/NECO. Kimiyya: Masu neman shirin kimiyya ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Jama'a: 'Yan takara don shirin zane-zane ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a cikin Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Tattalin Arziki, [[Gwamnati]], Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Na duka nau'ikan biyu, masu nema dole ne su rubuta JAMB/UTME na shekara-shekara tare da abubuwan da suka dace kuma dole ne su sami mafi ƙarancin makin wucewa da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta amince da su. ==== Shirin Gyara ==== Kimiyya: Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Ingilishi, Lissafi, Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Jama'a: 'Yan takarar wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Turanci, Lissafi, Tattalin Arziki, Gwamnati, Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Ana sa ran 'yan takarar da aka amince da shirin Remedial su yi rijista kuma su ci SSCE ko NECO a cikin darussan da suka gaza. Ba za a ƙyale 'yan takara su yi rajista don batutuwan da ba a yi ƙoƙari su a matakin O ba. == Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa == === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa sun haɗa da: # Don shirya 'yan takara don cin jarrabawar UTME. # Don horar da 'yan takara don ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME. # Don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a. Duk waɗannan za a samu ta hanyar samar da ƙwararrun malamai, ƙwararrun malamai da kwazo. === Bukatun shiga === Ga Larabci da Faransanci, buƙatun shigar aƙalla kredit biyar ne da suka haɗa da Ingilishi a cikin Jarrabawar WAEC/NECO a cikin zama ba sama da 2 ba. Baya ga buƙatun da ke sama, duk masu son shiga dole ne su yi rajista kuma su zauna don jarrabawar gama karatun sakandare (UTME). == Makarantar Nazarin Digiri == Makarantar tana ba da damar ɗalibai don samun digiri na biyu, digiri na biyu da PhD . Ayyukan makarantar sune kamar haka: * Haɗa shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na biyu na jami'a ciki har da tsarawa, daidaitawa, gudanarwa da shigar da shirye-shiryen karatu. * Ya ba da shawarar samar da kayan aiki don aikin digiri na biyu, ƙa'ida da rarraba kudade don ayyukan karatun digiri. * Haɓaka ingancin umarnin karatun digiri da bincike a cikin jami'a. * Yada ayyukan karatun digiri na jami'a don jawo hankali, kudi da sauran tallafi daga gwamnatoci, masana'antu da sauran hukumomi. Jami'ar tana da ikon tunani guda hudu don shirin digiri na biyu (PG): * Faculty of Arts * Faculty of Science * Faculty of Social Sciences * Faculty of Management Sciences. == Mutane == === Sanannen tsofaffin ɗalibai === * [[Hafsat Mohammed Baba]] * Kenneth Bitrus Dauda * Yunusa Adamu Ugya === Sanannen Faculty === * Farfesa Adamu Idris Tanko * Farfesa AA Adepetu * Prof. Mohammed Nasiru Sambo * Aondover Augustine Tarhule * Auwal Farouk Abdussalam * Dakta Caleb Mohammed === Masu Digiri na Daraja === * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai|Nasiru El-Rufai]] * [[Zainab Ahmed|Zainab Shamsuna Ahmed]] * Alhaji Muhammad Maigari Dingyadi * [[Mele Kyari|Malam Mele Kyari]] * Seinde Fademi Oladapo * Amb. Suleiman Dauda Umar == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.kasu.edu.ng/ Yanar Gizo na Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008083828/http://kasu.edu.ng/ |date=2010-10-08 }} * [http://student.kasu.edu.ng/ Kaduna State University portal] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Articles using infobox university]] [[Category:Pages using infobox university with the image name parameter]] arc8avl93nvlvsjd1xb2cg2d4r770d0 967827 967826 2026-10-15T11:03:26Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Gudanarwa */ 967827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Kaduna State University 26.jpg|thumb|jami'ar kasu]] [[Fayil:Kaduna State University 63.jpg|thumb|Sashen karatun computer ]] '''Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna, (KASU),''' wacce take a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. An kafa ta a shekara tadubu biyu da ashirin da huɗu (2004). Yana da bangarorin koyarwa guda bakwai tare da sassa sama da 39 da ɗakin karatu wanda ya ƙunshi juzu'in littattafai sama da 17,000. Yana da rassa guda biyu : [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]] da [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]].<ref>https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Jami’ar Jahar Kaduna ne a karkashin dokar Jihar Kaduna da aka kaddamar a watan Mayu a shekara ta 2004. Sanarwar ta biyo bayan bukatuwar bunkasa manyan makarantu a yankin arewaci da kudancin jihar. Saboda haka, an amince da cibiyoyin karatu guda biyu: ɗaya a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] da ɗayan a [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]]. Harabar Kaduna ta fara gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na farko. Dr. [[Ahmed Makarfi|Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi]], gwamnan jihar Kaduna a wannan lokacin kuma mai ziyara a jami'ar, ya naɗa Farfesa Idris Abdulkadir a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar gudanarwa kuma shugaban majalisar gudanarwa yayin da Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] ya zama mataimakin shugaban jami'a na farko. Farfesa Aminu S. Mikailu, ya karbi ragamar mulki daga hannun Farfesa Sambo a matsayin mataimakin jami'a na biyu a lokacin da gwamnatin tarayya ta nada shi shugaban hukumar makamashi ta Najeriya.<ref>https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/kasu-courses/</ref> Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman shine VC na uku, an nada Farfesa WB Quirix a matsayin VC na hudu kafin Farfesa Muhammad Tanko (2017-2021). Farfesa Yohanna Tella yana Mukaddashin VC daga Janairu zuwa Yuni, 2022. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu shine Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, wanda ya karbi ragamar mulki a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. Mai Martaba Sarki [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi]] shi ne Pro Chancellor a yanzu, yayin da Hussaini Adamu Dikko shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Mulki.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Kaduna-State-University</ref> [[File:Kaduna_State_University.jpg|thumb]] == Gudanarwa == Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna tana da Chancellor a matsayin shugaban bikin, yayin da mataimakin shugaban jami’ar shi ne babban jami’in gudanarwa da ilimi, kamar sauran Jami’o’in Najeriya. Yawancin lokaci ana nada mataimakin shugaban jami'a na tsawon shekaru biyar, wanda ba a sabunta shi ba. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu, Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, ya fara aiki ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta 2022. A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen duk mataimakan shugabannin KASU. Lambobin 4, 6, 8 da 9 duk mataimakan kansila ne, har zuwa lokacin da majalisar gudanarwar jami'ar ta nada VC. {| class="wikitable" !S/N ! Suna ! Lokaci ! Sana'a |- | 1 | Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] | 2004 | Injiniya Injiniya |- | 2 | Farfesa Aminu Salihu Mikailu | 2005-2006 | Gudanar da Accounting |- | 3 | Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman | 2007-2012 | Mai harhada magunguna |- | 4 | Professor Muhammad Tanko (Ag) | 2012 | Accounting |- | 5 | Farfesa William Barnabas Qurix | 2012-2017 | Gine-gine |- | 6 | Professor Ado-Baba Ahmed (Ag) | 2017 | Masanin halittu |- | 7 | Farfesa Muhammad Tanko | 2017-2022 | Accounting |- | 8 | Farfesa Yohanna Tella | 2022 | Masanin lissafi |- | 9 | Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa | 2022 - Kwanan wata | Masanin tarihi |- |+ ''Tushen tebur:'' Littafin Jagora na 11th ed. |} == Makarantu == Jami'ar tana da kwalejoji bakwai da kwalejin likitanci: === Faculty of Arts === Faculty of Arts yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Yana da sassa bakwai. Faculty of Arts ta ƙunshi sassa daban daban kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * [[Larabci]] * Nazarin Addinin Kirista * Turanci Da Drama * [[Faransanci]] * [[Tarihi]] * [[Ilimin Musulunci|Karatun Musulunci]] * Harsunan Najeriya & Harsuna === Faculty of Science === Makarantar Kimiyya tana daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyya a halin yanzu tana kunshe da sassan da ke Kaduna Campus: * Biochemistry * Kimiyyar Halittu * [[Kimiyya|Chemistry]] * [[Labarin kasa|Geography]] * Kimiyyar Lissafi * Microbiology * Physics * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Masana'antu sunadarai * Kididdiga * ilimin kula da Ginegine [ Estate Management ] * ilimin Criminology * ilimin Zanezane === Kwalejin Magunguna === An kafa kwalejin koyon aikin likitanci da ke Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna a shekarar 2008 da burin samar da likitocin kiwon lafiya da sauran ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya wadanda suka fahimci al’adar jikin dan’adam da mara kyau, da iyali da kuma al’umma, da isassun ilimin kimiyyar da za su ci gaba da samun horo don zama kwararru. malamai, da masu bincike. Manufarta ita ce ta horar da likitoci da sauran ma’aikatan lafiya masu inganci wadanda za su rika gudanar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya a jihar Kaduna da sauran sassan Najeriya, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a cikin al’umma da kuma cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na matakin farko, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a kowane bangare na duniya., suna iya ɗaukar ƙarin horo don zama ƙwararru, kuma suna iya gudanar da bincike na kimiyya don amfanin ɗan adam. Kwalejin likitanci tana da sashi guda: * Magani * Asibitin koyarwa na Barau Dikko an shirya shi ne don horar da masu siyar da magunguna da daliban likitanci. === Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences === An kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a cikin 2012. Shugaban gidauniyar Dr. Ahmed Tijjani Mora . Yana da sassa biyar: * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Toxicology * Sashen Kula da Magungunan Magunguna da Magunguna * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Magungunan Magunguna * Ma'aikatar Pharmacognosy da Ci gaban Magunguna * Sashen Magungunan Magunguna da Kwayoyin Halitta na Magunguna. === Faculty of Social Sciences === Faculty of Social Sciences yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Zamani ta ƙunshi sassa kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * Ilimin tattalin arziki * Sadarwar Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * [[Kimiyar al'umma|limin zamantakewa]] === Faculty of Management Sciences === Har ila yau, Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa na daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa ta ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa a harabar Kaduna: * Accounting * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Banki da Kudi * Kasuwancin kasuwanci * Talla * [[Kimiyar al'umma|Gudanar da Jama'a]] === Faculty of Environmental Sciences === Makarantar Kimiyyar Muhalli tana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin kwalejoji, wanda aka kafa a cikin 2012, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ikon tunani guda biyu a harabar Kafachan. Yana da sassa hudu: * Gudanar da Gidaje * Binciken Yawan * Gudanar da Muhalli * [[Karatun gine-gine|Gine-gine]] === Faculty of Agriculture === Kwalejin Aikin Noma na daya daga cikin sabbin kwalejojin da aka kafa a shekarar 2012, kuma tana daya daga cikin kwalejoji biyu da ke harabar Kafachan. Yana da sashi guda: * [[Noma]] == Kwalejin Ilimin Basira da Nazarin Gyara == Kwalejin Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies tana da cibiyoyi guda biyu: babban harabar da ke kan titin Maiduguri, Kaduna da kuma daya a Kafanchan. An kafa babban harabar a 2004 da Kafanchan harabar a 2012. Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies shiri ne na horaswa na share fage da nufin samar da ƙwararrun ƴan takara daga wuraren da jami'ar ta kama da sauran ƴan Najeriya. Shirin dai na da matukar muhimmanci ga wadanda suka kasa samun gurbin shiga jami’a ta JAMB saboda karancin makin Jarrabawar Shiga Jami’a (UTME). Tsawon lokacin shirin Nazarin Basic da Remedial shine watanni tara wanda yayi daidai da zama ɗaya na ilimi mai zurfi na ƙwararrun malamai. === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Gyara sune * don shirya wa masu neman gurbin gyara kurakuran su na matakin O ta jarrabawar WAEC da NECO * don shirya masu neman shiga jarabawar UTME * don horar da ’yan takarar da za su ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME * don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a Dukkan wadannan za a samu ne ta hanyar samar da kwararrun malamai, kwararru da kwazo da jami’ar za ta yi. === Bukatun shiga === ==== Babban Shirin ==== Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki ƙasa da ƙididdiga 5 a cikin jarrabawar WASSCE/SSCE/NECO. Kimiyya: Masu neman shirin kimiyya ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Jama'a: 'Yan takara don shirin zane-zane ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a cikin Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Tattalin Arziki, [[Gwamnati]], Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Na duka nau'ikan biyu, masu nema dole ne su rubuta JAMB/UTME na shekara-shekara tare da abubuwan da suka dace kuma dole ne su sami mafi ƙarancin makin wucewa da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta amince da su. ==== Shirin Gyara ==== Kimiyya: Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Ingilishi, Lissafi, Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Jama'a: 'Yan takarar wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Turanci, Lissafi, Tattalin Arziki, Gwamnati, Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Ana sa ran 'yan takarar da aka amince da shirin Remedial su yi rijista kuma su ci SSCE ko NECO a cikin darussan da suka gaza. Ba za a ƙyale 'yan takara su yi rajista don batutuwan da ba a yi ƙoƙari su a matakin O ba. == Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa == === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa sun haɗa da: # Don shirya 'yan takara don cin jarrabawar UTME. # Don horar da 'yan takara don ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME. # Don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a. Duk waɗannan za a samu ta hanyar samar da ƙwararrun malamai, ƙwararrun malamai da kwazo. === Bukatun shiga === Ga Larabci da Faransanci, buƙatun shigar aƙalla kredit biyar ne da suka haɗa da Ingilishi a cikin Jarrabawar WAEC/NECO a cikin zama ba sama da 2 ba. Baya ga buƙatun da ke sama, duk masu son shiga dole ne su yi rajista kuma su zauna don jarrabawar gama karatun sakandare (UTME). == Makarantar Nazarin Digiri == Makarantar tana ba da damar ɗalibai don samun digiri na biyu, digiri na biyu da PhD . Ayyukan makarantar sune kamar haka: * Haɗa shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na biyu na jami'a ciki har da tsarawa, daidaitawa, gudanarwa da shigar da shirye-shiryen karatu. * Ya ba da shawarar samar da kayan aiki don aikin digiri na biyu, ƙa'ida da rarraba kudade don ayyukan karatun digiri. * Haɓaka ingancin umarnin karatun digiri da bincike a cikin jami'a. * Yada ayyukan karatun digiri na jami'a don jawo hankali, kudi da sauran tallafi daga gwamnatoci, masana'antu da sauran hukumomi. Jami'ar tana da ikon tunani guda hudu don shirin digiri na biyu (PG): * Faculty of Arts * Faculty of Science * Faculty of Social Sciences * Faculty of Management Sciences. == Mutane == === Sanannen tsofaffin ɗalibai === * [[Hafsat Mohammed Baba]] * Kenneth Bitrus Dauda * Yunusa Adamu Ugya === Sanannen Faculty === * Farfesa Adamu Idris Tanko * Farfesa AA Adepetu * Prof. Mohammed Nasiru Sambo * Aondover Augustine Tarhule * Auwal Farouk Abdussalam * Dakta Caleb Mohammed === Masu Digiri na Daraja === * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai|Nasiru El-Rufai]] * [[Zainab Ahmed|Zainab Shamsuna Ahmed]] * Alhaji Muhammad Maigari Dingyadi * [[Mele Kyari|Malam Mele Kyari]] * Seinde Fademi Oladapo * Amb. Suleiman Dauda Umar == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.kasu.edu.ng/ Yanar Gizo na Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008083828/http://kasu.edu.ng/ |date=2010-10-08 }} * [http://student.kasu.edu.ng/ Kaduna State University portal] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Articles using infobox university]] [[Category:Pages using infobox university with the image name parameter]] 4xlmkegon6kl15p52eruucbcepxk3c7 967828 967827 2026-10-15T11:04:22Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Faculty of Social Sciences */ 967828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Kaduna State University 26.jpg|thumb|jami'ar kasu]] [[Fayil:Kaduna State University 63.jpg|thumb|Sashen karatun computer ]] '''Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna, (KASU),''' wacce take a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. An kafa ta a shekara tadubu biyu da ashirin da huɗu (2004). Yana da bangarorin koyarwa guda bakwai tare da sassa sama da 39 da ɗakin karatu wanda ya ƙunshi juzu'in littattafai sama da 17,000. Yana da rassa guda biyu : [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]] da [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]].<ref>https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Jami’ar Jahar Kaduna ne a karkashin dokar Jihar Kaduna da aka kaddamar a watan Mayu a shekara ta 2004. Sanarwar ta biyo bayan bukatuwar bunkasa manyan makarantu a yankin arewaci da kudancin jihar. Saboda haka, an amince da cibiyoyin karatu guda biyu: ɗaya a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] da ɗayan a [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]]. Harabar Kaduna ta fara gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na farko. Dr. [[Ahmed Makarfi|Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi]], gwamnan jihar Kaduna a wannan lokacin kuma mai ziyara a jami'ar, ya naɗa Farfesa Idris Abdulkadir a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar gudanarwa kuma shugaban majalisar gudanarwa yayin da Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] ya zama mataimakin shugaban jami'a na farko. Farfesa Aminu S. Mikailu, ya karbi ragamar mulki daga hannun Farfesa Sambo a matsayin mataimakin jami'a na biyu a lokacin da gwamnatin tarayya ta nada shi shugaban hukumar makamashi ta Najeriya.<ref>https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/kasu-courses/</ref> Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman shine VC na uku, an nada Farfesa WB Quirix a matsayin VC na hudu kafin Farfesa Muhammad Tanko (2017-2021). Farfesa Yohanna Tella yana Mukaddashin VC daga Janairu zuwa Yuni, 2022. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu shine Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, wanda ya karbi ragamar mulki a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2022. Mai Martaba Sarki [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi]] shi ne Pro Chancellor a yanzu, yayin da Hussaini Adamu Dikko shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Mulki.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Kaduna-State-University</ref> [[File:Kaduna_State_University.jpg|thumb]] == Gudanarwa == Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna tana da Chancellor a matsayin shugaban bikin, yayin da mataimakin shugaban jami’ar shi ne babban jami’in gudanarwa da ilimi, kamar sauran Jami’o’in Najeriya. Yawancin lokaci ana nada mataimakin shugaban jami'a na tsawon shekaru biyar, wanda ba a sabunta shi ba. Mataimakin shugaban riko na yanzu, Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, ya fara aiki ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta 2022. A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen duk mataimakan shugabannin KASU. Lambobin 4, 6, 8 da 9 duk mataimakan kansila ne, har zuwa lokacin da majalisar gudanarwar jami'ar ta nada VC. {| class="wikitable" !S/N ! Suna ! Lokaci ! Sana'a |- | 1 | Farfesa [[Abubakar Sani Sambo]] | 2004 | Injiniya Injiniya |- | 2 | Farfesa Aminu Salihu Mikailu | 2005-2006 | Gudanar da Accounting |- | 3 | Farfesa Ezzeldin Muktar Abdurahman | 2007-2012 | Mai harhada magunguna |- | 4 | Professor Muhammad Tanko (Ag) | 2012 | Accounting |- | 5 | Farfesa William Barnabas Qurix | 2012-2017 | Gine-gine |- | 6 | Professor Ado-Baba Ahmed (Ag) | 2017 | Masanin halittu |- | 7 | Farfesa Muhammad Tanko | 2017-2022 | Accounting |- | 8 | Farfesa Yohanna Tella | 2022 | Masanin lissafi |- | 9 | Farfesa Abdullahi Musa Ashafa | 2022 - Kwanan wata | Masanin tarihi |- |+ ''Tushen tebur:'' Littafin Jagora na 11th ed. |} == Makarantu == Jami'ar tana da kwalejoji bakwai da kwalejin likitanci: === Faculty of Arts === Faculty of Arts yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Yana da sassa bakwai. Faculty of Arts ta ƙunshi sassa daban daban kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * [[Larabci]] * Nazarin Addinin Kirista * Turanci Da Drama * [[Faransanci]] * [[Tarihi]] * [[Ilimin Musulunci|Karatun Musulunci]] * Harsunan Najeriya & Harsuna === Faculty of Science === Makarantar Kimiyya tana daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyya a halin yanzu tana kunshe da sassan da ke Kaduna Campus: * Biochemistry * Kimiyyar Halittu * [[Kimiyya|Chemistry]] * [[Labarin kasa|Geography]] * Kimiyyar Lissafi * Microbiology * Physics * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Masana'antu sunadarai * Kididdiga * ilimin kula da Ginegine [ Estate Management ] * ilimin Criminology * ilimin Zanezane === Kwalejin Magunguna === An kafa kwalejin koyon aikin likitanci da ke Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna a shekarar 2008 da burin samar da likitocin kiwon lafiya da sauran ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya wadanda suka fahimci al’adar jikin dan’adam da mara kyau, da iyali da kuma al’umma, da isassun ilimin kimiyyar da za su ci gaba da samun horo don zama kwararru. malamai, da masu bincike. Manufarta ita ce ta horar da likitoci da sauran ma’aikatan lafiya masu inganci wadanda za su rika gudanar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya a jihar Kaduna da sauran sassan Najeriya, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a cikin al’umma da kuma cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na matakin farko, wadanda za su iya yin aiki a kowane bangare na duniya., suna iya ɗaukar ƙarin horo don zama ƙwararru, kuma suna iya gudanar da bincike na kimiyya don amfanin ɗan adam. Kwalejin likitanci tana da sashi guda: * Magani * Asibitin koyarwa na Barau Dikko an shirya shi ne don horar da masu siyar da magunguna da daliban likitanci. === Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences === An kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a cikin 2012. Shugaban gidauniyar Dr. Ahmed Tijjani Mora . Yana da sassa biyar: * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Toxicology * Sashen Kula da Magungunan Magunguna da Magunguna * Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna da Magungunan Magunguna * Ma'aikatar Pharmacognosy da Ci gaban Magunguna * Sashen Magungunan Magunguna da Kwayoyin Halitta na Magunguna. === Faculty of Social Sciences === Faculty of Social Sciences yana daga cikin manyan malamai na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Zamani ta ƙunshi sassa kamar haka a harabar Kaduna: * Ilimin tattalin arziki * Sadarwar Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * [[Kimiyar al'umma|limin zamantakewa]] === Faculty of Management Sciences === Har ila yau, Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa na daga cikin manyan makarantun jami'a, wanda aka kafa a 2005. Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa ta ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa a harabar Kaduna: * Accounting * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Banki da Kudi * Kasuwancin kasuwanci * Talla * [[Kimiyar al'umma|Gudanar da Jama'a]] === Faculty of Environmental Sciences === Makarantar Kimiyyar Muhalli tana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin kwalejoji, wanda aka kafa a cikin 2012, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ikon tunani guda biyu a harabar Kafachan. Yana da sassa hudu: * Gudanar da Gidaje * Binciken Yawan * Gudanar da Muhalli * [[Karatun gine-gine|Gine-gine]] === Faculty of Agriculture === Kwalejin Aikin Noma na daya daga cikin sabbin kwalejojin da aka kafa a shekarar 2012, kuma tana daya daga cikin kwalejoji biyu da ke harabar Kafachan. Yana da sashi guda: * [[Noma]] == Kwalejin Ilimin Basira da Nazarin Gyara == Kwalejin Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies tana da cibiyoyi guda biyu: babban harabar da ke kan titin Maiduguri, Kaduna da kuma daya a Kafanchan. An kafa babban harabar a 2004 da Kafanchan harabar a 2012. Ilimin Basic and Remedial Studies shiri ne na horaswa na share fage da nufin samar da ƙwararrun ƴan takara daga wuraren da jami'ar ta kama da sauran ƴan Najeriya. Shirin dai na da matukar muhimmanci ga wadanda suka kasa samun gurbin shiga jami’a ta JAMB saboda karancin makin Jarrabawar Shiga Jami’a (UTME). Tsawon lokacin shirin Nazarin Basic da Remedial shine watanni tara wanda yayi daidai da zama ɗaya na ilimi mai zurfi na ƙwararrun malamai. === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Gyara sune * don shirya wa masu neman gurbin gyara kurakuran su na matakin O ta jarrabawar WAEC da NECO * don shirya masu neman shiga jarabawar UTME * don horar da ’yan takarar da za su ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME * don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a Dukkan wadannan za a samu ne ta hanyar samar da kwararrun malamai, kwararru da kwazo da jami’ar za ta yi. === Bukatun shiga === ==== Babban Shirin ==== Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki ƙasa da ƙididdiga 5 a cikin jarrabawar WASSCE/SSCE/NECO. Kimiyya: Masu neman shirin kimiyya ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Jama'a: 'Yan takara don shirin zane-zane ya kamata su sami ƙididdiga a cikin Turanci, Lissafi da kowane nau'i na 3 na waɗannan batutuwa: Tattalin Arziki, [[Gwamnati]], Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Dole ne a sami ƙididdige ƙididdiga guda 5 a sama a cikin wuraren da bai wuce 2 ba. Na duka nau'ikan biyu, masu nema dole ne su rubuta JAMB/UTME na shekara-shekara tare da abubuwan da suka dace kuma dole ne su sami mafi ƙarancin makin wucewa da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta amince da su. ==== Shirin Gyara ==== Kimiyya: Masu neman wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Ingilishi, Lissafi, Biology, Chemistry, Physics da Geography. Jama'a: 'Yan takarar wannan shirin dole ne su mallaki mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga na 3 a cikin zama fiye da 1 a cikin batutuwa masu zuwa: Harshen Turanci, Lissafi, Tattalin Arziki, Gwamnati, Tarihi da Adabi a Turanci. Ana sa ran 'yan takarar da aka amince da shirin Remedial su yi rijista kuma su ci SSCE ko NECO a cikin darussan da suka gaza. Ba za a ƙyale 'yan takara su yi rajista don batutuwan da ba a yi ƙoƙari su a matakin O ba. == Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa == === Makasudai === Babban makasudin Shirin Nazarin Farko na Larabci-Faransa sun haɗa da: # Don shirya 'yan takara don cin jarrabawar UTME. # Don horar da 'yan takara don ci jarrabawarsu ta Post UTME. # Don shirya 'yan takara don kalubalen rayuwar ilimi a jami'a. Duk waɗannan za a samu ta hanyar samar da ƙwararrun malamai, ƙwararrun malamai da kwazo. === Bukatun shiga === Ga Larabci da Faransanci, buƙatun shigar aƙalla kredit biyar ne da suka haɗa da Ingilishi a cikin Jarrabawar WAEC/NECO a cikin zama ba sama da 2 ba. Baya ga buƙatun da ke sama, duk masu son shiga dole ne su yi rajista kuma su zauna don jarrabawar gama karatun sakandare (UTME). == Makarantar Nazarin Digiri == Makarantar tana ba da damar ɗalibai don samun digiri na biyu, digiri na biyu da PhD . Ayyukan makarantar sune kamar haka: * Haɗa shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na biyu na jami'a ciki har da tsarawa, daidaitawa, gudanarwa da shigar da shirye-shiryen karatu. * Ya ba da shawarar samar da kayan aiki don aikin digiri na biyu, ƙa'ida da rarraba kudade don ayyukan karatun digiri. * Haɓaka ingancin umarnin karatun digiri da bincike a cikin jami'a. * Yada ayyukan karatun digiri na jami'a don jawo hankali, kudi da sauran tallafi daga gwamnatoci, masana'antu da sauran hukumomi. Jami'ar tana da ikon tunani guda hudu don shirin digiri na biyu (PG): * Faculty of Arts * Faculty of Science * Faculty of Social Sciences * Faculty of Management Sciences. == Mutane == === Sanannen tsofaffin ɗalibai === * [[Hafsat Mohammed Baba]] * Kenneth Bitrus Dauda * Yunusa Adamu Ugya === Sanannen Faculty === * Farfesa Adamu Idris Tanko * Farfesa AA Adepetu * Prof. Mohammed Nasiru Sambo * Aondover Augustine Tarhule * Auwal Farouk Abdussalam * Dakta Caleb Mohammed === Masu Digiri na Daraja === * [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai|Nasiru El-Rufai]] * [[Zainab Ahmed|Zainab Shamsuna Ahmed]] * Alhaji Muhammad Maigari Dingyadi * [[Mele Kyari|Malam Mele Kyari]] * Seinde Fademi Oladapo * Amb. Suleiman Dauda Umar == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/universities/kaduna-state-university.php == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.kasu.edu.ng/ Yanar Gizo na Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008083828/http://kasu.edu.ng/ |date=2010-10-08 }} * [http://student.kasu.edu.ng/ Kaduna State University portal] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Articles using infobox university]] [[Category:Pages using infobox university with the image name parameter]] 0hwf3u6qzblikovoczn2zz7qlad8d4a Chikun 0 9029 967756 883861 2026-10-15T03:18:56Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* */ 967756 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SkillsAquisitionChikunLGA-This project is among the constituency projects facillated by the Distinguished Sen. Uba Sani.jpg|thumb|SkillsAquisitionChikunLGA-This_project_is_among_the_constituency_projects_facillated_by_the_Distinguished_Sen._Uba_Sani]]{{databox}} [[File:SkillAquisitionSabonGarinNassarawChikunLGA.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Group picture maskless 29.01.2022.jpg|thumb|Group_picture_maskless_29.01.2022]] '''Chikun ƙaramar''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce da ke tsakiyar [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna a]] [[Najeriya]].Tana da yanki 4,466&nbsp;km {{Sup|2}}, kuma tana da yawan jama'a da ya kai kimanin 372,272 kamar,yadda yake a lissafin ƙidayar 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07 }}</ref> Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin Kujama. Lambar akwatin gidan waya ita ce 2438000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://citypopulation.de/php/nigeria-admin.php?adm1id=NGA019 |title=Kaduna State of Nigeria |website=City Population |access-date=February 9, 2021}}</ref><ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2009-10-20.</ref> == Iyakoki == Ƙaramar hukumar Chikun tana da iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar [[Kachia]] a kudu, [[Kajuru|ƙaramar hukumar Kajuru]] a gabas, ƙaramar hukumar [[Kaduna ta Kudu|Kaduna ta kudu]] a arewa maso gabas, ƙaramar hukumar [[Igabi]] a arewa maso gabas, [[Birnin Gwari|ƙaramar hukumar Birnin Gwari]] a arewa maso yamma da [[Neja|Niger. Jiha]] zuwa yamma, bi da bi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07 }}</ref><ref>"Latest violence in Southern Kaduna Longest on record - Report". Premium Times. February 12, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2020.</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin gudanarwa == Karamar hukumar Chikun ta kunshi gundumomi 12 da ake kira Wards (bangaren gudanarwa na biyu), wato:<ref>"Kaduna-State-Political-Map". Voice of Nigeria. Retrieved August 7, 2020</ref><ref>"Weather Forecast Chikun - Nigeria (Kaduna) : free 15 day weather forecasts". Weather Crave. 2024-08-21. Retrieved 2024-08-21.</ref><ref>"Factors Militating Against The Introduction Of Computer Education In Secondary Schools: A Case Study Of Five Schools In Chikun Local Government Area Of Kaduna State | Eduprojects.ng". eduprojects.ng. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref> # Chikun # Gwagwada # Kakau # Kujama # Kunai # Kuriga # Narayi # Nassarawa # Rido # Sabon Gari Nassarawa # Sabon Tasha # Yelwa == Tarihi == Ƙaramar hukumar Chikun ta samo sunan ta ne daga wani kauyen [[Gbagyi]] mai suna Chikun dake kudu maso gabashin Kujama . Asalin yankin mutanen [[Gbagyi|Gbagyi ne ke zaune]] amma yanzu an mamaye shi ta hanyar birnewa ya zama yanki na [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna baki]] ɗaya.<ref>"Chikun, Nigeria Hourly Weather Forecast | Weather Underground". www.wunderground.com. Retrieved 2024-08-21.</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2021, an yi garkuwa da daliban makarantar sakandare sama da 100.<ref>"Chikun Local Government Area". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 2024-08-21.</ref> == Alkaluma == === Yawan jama'a === Karamar hukumar Chikun bisa kididdigar da aka yi a ranar 21 ga Maris, 2006, ta nuna cewa, a kidayar jama’arta ta kai kimanin 372,272. [https://citypopulation.de/php/nigeria-admin.php?adm1id=NGA019, ''Hukumar Kididdiga ta Najeriya da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Kasa''] ta yi hasashen yawanta zai kai 502,500 nan da 21 ga Maris, 2016. === Mutane === ==== Mutanen asali ==== ’Yan asalin ƙasar su ne mutanen [[Gbagyi]] . Su ma su ne mafi yawan al'ummar yankin. ==== Sauran mutane ==== == Mulki == Esu Chikun ( ''Sa-Gbagyi'' kwanan nan), Danjuma Shekwonugaza Barde na [[Gbagyi]], shi ne sarkin gargajiya na yankin. Hukuncin Sarkin ya shafi daukacin karamar hukumar Chikun da wasu sassan karamar hukumar [[Kaduna ta Kudu]] na kauyen Talabijin da kuma Romi New <ref>"Chikun, Kaduna State, Nigeria". Retrieved September 25, 2020.</ref>Extension.<ref>"mindtrip". Mindtrip. Retrieved 2025-08-29.</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin ƙauyuka a jihar Kaduna|Jerin kauyukan jihar Kaduna]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Kaduna State}} 7gr2ytdtkw1va2t9dpqkyf7llvwf7r6 967759 967756 2026-10-15T03:24:58Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Iyakoki */ 967759 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SkillsAquisitionChikunLGA-This project is among the constituency projects facillated by the Distinguished Sen. Uba Sani.jpg|thumb|SkillsAquisitionChikunLGA-This_project_is_among_the_constituency_projects_facillated_by_the_Distinguished_Sen._Uba_Sani]]{{databox}} [[File:SkillAquisitionSabonGarinNassarawChikunLGA.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Group picture maskless 29.01.2022.jpg|thumb|Group_picture_maskless_29.01.2022]] '''Chikun ƙaramar''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce da ke tsakiyar [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna a]] [[Najeriya]].Tana da yanki 4,466&nbsp;km {{Sup|2}}, kuma tana da yawan jama'a da ya kai kimanin 372,272 kamar,yadda yake a lissafin ƙidayar 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07 }}</ref> Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin Kujama. Lambar akwatin gidan waya ita ce 2438000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://citypopulation.de/php/nigeria-admin.php?adm1id=NGA019 |title=Kaduna State of Nigeria |website=City Population |access-date=February 9, 2021}}</ref><ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2009-10-20.</ref> == Iyakoki == Ƙaramar hukumar Chikun tana da iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar [[Kachia]] ta bangaren kudu, [[Kajuru|ƙaramar hukumar Kajuru]] ta bangaren gabas, ƙaramar hukumar [[Kaduna ta Kudu|Kaduna ta kudu]] ta bangaren arewa maso gabas, ƙaramar hukumar [[Igabi]] ta bangaren arewa maso gabas, [[Birnin Gwari|ƙaramar hukumar Birnin Gwari]] ta bangaren arewa maso yamma da [[Neja|Niger. Jiha]] zuwa yamma, bi da bi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07 }}</ref><ref>"Latest violence in Southern Kaduna Longest on record - Report". Premium Times. February 12, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2020.</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin gudanarwa == Karamar hukumar Chikun ta kunshi gundumomi 12 da ake kira Wards (bangaren gudanarwa na biyu), wato:<ref>"Kaduna-State-Political-Map". Voice of Nigeria. Retrieved August 7, 2020</ref><ref>"Weather Forecast Chikun - Nigeria (Kaduna) : free 15 day weather forecasts". Weather Crave. 2024-08-21. Retrieved 2024-08-21.</ref><ref>"Factors Militating Against The Introduction Of Computer Education In Secondary Schools: A Case Study Of Five Schools In Chikun Local Government Area Of Kaduna State | Eduprojects.ng". eduprojects.ng. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref> # Chikun # Gwagwada # Kakau # Kujama # Kunai # Kuriga # Narayi # Nassarawa # Rido # Sabon Gari Nassarawa # Sabon Tasha # Yelwa == Tarihi == Ƙaramar hukumar Chikun ta samo sunan ta ne daga wani kauyen [[Gbagyi]] mai suna Chikun dake kudu maso gabashin Kujama . Asalin yankin mutanen [[Gbagyi|Gbagyi ne ke zaune]] amma yanzu an mamaye shi ta hanyar birnewa ya zama yanki na [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna baki]] ɗaya.<ref>"Chikun, Nigeria Hourly Weather Forecast | Weather Underground". www.wunderground.com. Retrieved 2024-08-21.</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2021, an yi garkuwa da daliban makarantar sakandare sama da 100.<ref>"Chikun Local Government Area". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 2024-08-21.</ref> == Alkaluma == === Yawan jama'a === Karamar hukumar Chikun bisa kididdigar da aka yi a ranar 21 ga Maris, 2006, ta nuna cewa, a kidayar jama’arta ta kai kimanin 372,272. [https://citypopulation.de/php/nigeria-admin.php?adm1id=NGA019, ''Hukumar Kididdiga ta Najeriya da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Kasa''] ta yi hasashen yawanta zai kai 502,500 nan da 21 ga Maris, 2016. === Mutane === ==== Mutanen asali ==== ’Yan asalin ƙasar su ne mutanen [[Gbagyi]] . Su ma su ne mafi yawan al'ummar yankin. ==== Sauran mutane ==== == Mulki == Esu Chikun ( ''Sa-Gbagyi'' kwanan nan), Danjuma Shekwonugaza Barde na [[Gbagyi]], shi ne sarkin gargajiya na yankin. Hukuncin Sarkin ya shafi daukacin karamar hukumar Chikun da wasu sassan karamar hukumar [[Kaduna ta Kudu]] na kauyen Talabijin da kuma Romi New <ref>"Chikun, Kaduna State, Nigeria". Retrieved September 25, 2020.</ref>Extension.<ref>"mindtrip". Mindtrip. Retrieved 2025-08-29.</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin ƙauyuka a jihar Kaduna|Jerin kauyukan jihar Kaduna]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Kaduna State}} p0355qtp98bxdblb14p4sb11ki5vcdz Ikara 0 9033 967577 866855 2026-10-14T14:53:57Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* */ 967577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ikara''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|ƙaramar hukuma]] ce (LGA) cikin [[Kaduna (jiha)|kananan hukumomi Dake Jihar Kaduna]], a arewacin [[Najeriya]], tana da kimanin (85&nbsp;km) arewa maso gabas daga birnin [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]] . Ikara ta ƙunshi kauyuka da ke tsakanin 10°2¹ zuwa 11°5¹ arewa .wadanda suka hada da : Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, da Pala. Majalisar ƙaramar hukumar na ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-07 |title=Kaduna LG Polls: APC humbles PDP, wins 15 chairmanship seats |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/483524-kaduna-lg-polls-apc-humbles-pdp-wins-15-chairmanship-seats.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ƙabilu == Manyan ƙabilun mutanen yankin su ne [[Hausawa]] da [[Fulani]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History – Ikara Local Government Council |url=http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922125107/http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Addinai su ne Musulunci da Kiristanci. Babban aikin su shine noma. Suna samar da masara, masarar Guinea, Wake, Waken Soya, Shinkafa, Rogo, Tumatir, Rake, da sauran kayayyakin amfanin gona da dama.<ref>Koslow, Phillip (1995). Hausaland: the Fortress Kingdom, Kingdom of Africa. New york: Chelsea House publisher.</ref> == Tarihin kafa karamar hukumar Ikara daga tsohuwar hukumar Zariya bayan gyaran kananan hukumomin da aka yi a shekarar 1976 a lokacin halitta. Ya ƙunshi gundumomin Ikara, Kubua da Makarfi. == Yanayin muhallin ɗan adam a Ikara yana samun tasiri ne sosai ta yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. An samo asali ne tun a shekara ta 1808 lokacin da [[Jukunawa|mutanen Jukun]] suka zauna a garin Ikara. Bakin haure ne da suka gudo daga Kano sakamakon ƙauracewa harin malaman Musulmi saboda kin karbar Musulunci. Sun sauka a karkashin tsaunin Ikara (Dutse Lungu) ki wani dan lokaci kadan daga baya suka sauka a wani fili kusa da dutsen. An yi imani da cewa al'ummar Jukun su ne suka kafa garin Ikara kuma suka sanya masa suna "Ikara" wanda ke nufin "bari a boye a nan" ko kuma "wuri" a [[Yarukan Jukun|yaren Jukun]]<ref>Daboh, Yusuf (1996). the pre -colonial Era of IkaraLand. kaduna.</ref> . Maguzawa mutane ne waɗanda asalin arna ne ko kuma waɗanda za su iya komawa Kiristanci daga baya a ƙarni na 20. Asalinsu maguzawa mutanen Hausa ne da aka fi samun su a yankunan Katsina, Kano da arewacin Zariya.<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBA programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref><ref>Smith, Mary (1981). The Baba of Karo: A woman of the Muslim Hause. Conn: Yale university Press.</ref> Hausawa da fulani suna kiransu da sunan “maguzawa” bayan jihadi saboda basu yarda da addinin musulunci ba amma sun ci gaba da bautar arna. Sai dai galibin wadannan mutanen da ake kira maguzawa sun koma Kirista, kuma irin wadannan ba za a iya kiransu da maguzawa a ma'anar kalmar Musulunci ta hakika ba; duk da haka sunan ya dawwama An ce fulani sun zo sun zauna a yankin ne saboda dalilai na muhalli. Bafullatani wadanda akasarinsu Bororuji(masu yawo) sun zo ikara ne saboda garin ya dace da kiwo, watakila sun nemi tserewa daga biyan harajin jangali ga sarakunan yankinsu, tare da dimbin iyali. Sai dai bisa ga al’adar baka, duk da wadannan matsugunai, ba za a iya daukar ikara a matsayin gari ba, domin babu wani takamaimai mai mulki a garin, sai a shekarar 1879, lokacin da magaji Abubakar, wanda ya fito daga garin kura, a jihar Kano. Ya tsara matsugunai zuwa gari, ya zama Hakimin kauye na farko a shekarar 1897. Shehu kwasau, sarkin zazzau (sarkin zazzau) ya nada sa a matsayin hakimin kauye mai taken “Dagachin ikara” == Tsarin Gudanarwa == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta kunshi gundumomi guda biyu wato: * gundumar Ikara * gundumar Pakistan Yana da sassa shida (6), wadanda su ne kamar haka. * Sashen Ma'aikata * Ma'aikatar Kudi & Supply * Sashen Ayyuka * Sashen Noma * Sashen Lafiya * Sashen Ilimi == Noma == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta dogara ne akan noma da karatun shanu. Ikara yana da karfi rabo na aiki bisa ga shekaru da jima'i. Maza da yawa suna da sana'o'i guda ɗaya kamar manoma da 'yan kasuwa. Matan Ikare suna samun kudi ta hanyar sarrafa abinci da sayar da kayan abinci a gida ko kasuwanni. == Yanayi == Lokacin damina yana da zalunci kuma yana da yawa, tare da yanayin zafi daga 53&nbsp;°F zuwa 97&nbsp;°F. Yanayin zafi yana bambanta a cikin shekara, kodayake galibi a lokacin rani. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ikara Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/58577/Average-Weather-in-Ikara-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ikara, Kaduna, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/kaduna/ikara |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Atlas |first=Weather |title=Yearly & Monthly weather - Ikara, Nigeria |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/ikara-climate |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=Weather Atlas |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Matsakaicin Zazzabi === Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin rana a lokacin zafi na watanni 1.9, wanda ke gudana daga Maris 7 zuwa Mayu 4, ya haura 94&nbsp;°F. Afrilu shine watan da ya fi zafi a shekara a Ikara, tare da yanayin zafi na 96&nbsp;°F da ƙananan zafin jiki na 71&nbsp;°F. Matsakaicin yawan zafin rana a lokacin sanyi na watanni 2.8, wanda ke gudana daga Yuli 6 zuwa Satumba 29, yana ƙasa da 85&nbsp;°F. Disamba shi ne watan mafi sanyi a shekara a Ikara, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 84&nbsp;°F da ƙasan 55&nbsp;°F. <ref name=":1"/> 1/3 na matasan unguwar Ikara suna shanya tumatur, da kowane irin barkono == Ilimi == Akwai Makarantun Sakandire goma sha uku a wannan Karamar Hukuma:<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBE programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref> - * Government Science Secondary School, Ikara * Government Girls Secondary School Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Koyar da Sana'a ta Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pala * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Auchan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pakistan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Jamfalan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Malikanchi * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Danlawal * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Rumi * Ikara Comprehensive Academy (Private) * Raising Star Academy Ikara (Masu zaman kansu) * Emmanuel Nursery, Primary and Secondary School, Gidan Tanko Jamfalan (Private). Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Ikara shahararriyar makarantar sakandire ce da ke aiki a cikin garin Ikara, makarantar tana da matsayi mai girma a fannin samar da ilimi mai inganci. == Cibiyoyin Kuɗi == Akwai banki a Ikara kuma Lead way Assurance ita ce sauran cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi a Ikara LGA Financial Resources * Unity Bank Reshen Ikara * Bank of Agriculture (BOA) * Babban Bankin Najeriya * Rabon Dokokin Tarayya wanda ake karɓa kowane wata. * Ana samun kudaden shiga na ciki daga kasuwanni, manya masu haraji da wuraren shakatawa na motoci. == Hukumomin Gwamnati == * Hukumar Lantarki na Karkara (REB) * [[Ofishin Gidan Waya na Najeriya|NIPOST]] * NPC * NITEL * Hukumar Ruwa == Siffofin Geographical == Babu wani yanayi na musamman a Karamar Hukumar tana da iyaka da Karamar Hukumar Makarfi a Yamma, Soba a Kudu, Tudun Wada a Jihar Kano a Arewa. Kubau ta Kudu == Babban ofishin == Ikara, Wanda babban gari ne hedkwatar == Kayayyakin Lafiya == Akwai cikakkun cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya guda biyar da kuma asibitoci arba'in da bakwai dake cikin wannan yanki. * General Hospital, Ikara * Babban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya, Paki * Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Auchan Akwai Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya a ƙarƙashin Ikara LGs masu Cibiyoyin Lafiya huɗu da ke Ikara kanta. == Masana'antu == Kamfanin sarrafa abinci na Ikara (Tumato) == Ma'aikatar shari'a == Karamar hukumar tana da kotuna guda uku a hedkwatar Ikara, wato: * Kotun Majistare * Babbar Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Al'ada == Albarkatun Ma'adinai == * Dutse mai daraja * Adadin farar ƙasa. == Mutane == Hausawa/Fulani == Yawan jama'a == mutane 194,723 (ƙidayar 2006) == Adireshin gidan waya == PMB 1101, Ikara == Addini == Musulunci shi ne addini mafi rinjaye. == Abubuwan Shaƙatawa == Makarantu da manyan makarantu suna ba da filin wasa don wasanni da abubuwan nishaɗi a cikin LGA == Hanyar Sadarwa == Aikin gina titi ya samu kulawa a lokacin Gwamna Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi. Ana lissafta hanyoyi a kasa: * Ikara – Tashan Yari Road * Ikara – Panbeguwa Road * Anchau-Kudaru Road * Paki Kwanan Dangora Road * Hanyar Anchau- Banki- Wagaho * Ikara –Tudun Wada of Kano State Road * Kurmin Kogi-Yan Marmara Road * Ikara – Zaria Road * Ikara –Furana-Dan Lawal == Makarantar Sakandare == Akwai biyu daga cikinsu wato * Makarantar Fasaha ta Lafiya, Pambeguwa (an koma Kubau) * Cibiyar hadin gwiwa Ikara == Sarakunan Gargajiya == Hakimai na gundumomi ne ke gudanar da waɗannan yankuna. Su ne: * Gundumar Ikara * Kurmin Kogi * Gundumar Pakistan * JanFalan * Gundumar Pala == Hankalin yawon bude ido == Karamar hukumar ta cika da wasu duwatsu da magudanan ruwa na Kogi. == Garuruwa da Kauyuka == Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, Pala, Saulawa, Rumi, Saya-saya, Kuya == Ruwa == Dam ruwan Ikara == Yan siyasa == * [[Hon. Sani Ahmed Ikara]] * Hon. Abdullahi Adamu * Hon. Tsoho Abubakar * Hon. Halliru Sambo * Hon. Tijjani Sani Paki * Hon. Gambo Lawal Auchan * Hon. Yusuf Bature Aliyu Auchan * Hon. Magaji Mudi Ikara * Hon. Alhassan Muhammad Datti * Hon. Yusuf Bala Ikara * Hon. Muhammad Dayyabu Paki * Hon. Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu * Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli shi ne Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Ikara da ke Jihar Kaduna a yanzu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gshi98qgqvv8dd22anefm38t67gz9wb 967578 967577 2026-10-14T15:00:07Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Ƙabilu */ 967578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ikara''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|ƙaramar hukuma]] ce (LGA) cikin [[Kaduna (jiha)|kananan hukumomi Dake Jihar Kaduna]], a arewacin [[Najeriya]], tana da kimanin (85&nbsp;km) arewa maso gabas daga birnin [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]] . Ikara ta ƙunshi kauyuka da ke tsakanin 10°2¹ zuwa 11°5¹ arewa .wadanda suka hada da : Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, da Pala. Majalisar ƙaramar hukumar na ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-07 |title=Kaduna LG Polls: APC humbles PDP, wins 15 chairmanship seats |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/483524-kaduna-lg-polls-apc-humbles-pdp-wins-15-chairmanship-seats.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ƙabilu == Manyan ƙabilun mutanen yankin su ne [[Hausawa]] da [[Fulani]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History – Ikara Local Government Council |url=http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922125107/http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Musulunci da Kiristanci sune addinai Mafi rinjaye a garin. Alummar wannan yanki sun kasan ce manoma. Suna noma amfañin gona da suka hada da masara, gero, Wake, Waken Soya, Shinkafa, Rogo, Tumatir, Rake, da sauran kayayyakin amfanin gona da dama.<ref>Koslow, Phillip (1995). Hausaland: the Fortress Kingdom, Kingdom of Africa. New york: Chelsea House publisher.</ref> == Tarihin kafa karamar hukumar Ikara daga tsohuwar hukumar Zariya bayan gyaran kananan hukumomin da aka yi a shekarar 1976 a lokacin halitta. Ya ƙunshi gundumomin Ikara, Kubua da Makarfi. == Yanayin muhallin ɗan adam a Ikara yana samun tasiri ne sosai ta yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. An samo asali ne tun a shekara ta 1808 lokacin da [[Jukunawa|mutanen Jukun]] suka zauna a garin Ikara. Bakin haure ne da suka gudo daga Kano sakamakon ƙauracewa harin malaman Musulmi saboda kin karbar Musulunci. Sun sauka a karkashin tsaunin Ikara (Dutse Lungu) ki wani dan lokaci kadan daga baya suka sauka a wani fili kusa da dutsen. An yi imani da cewa al'ummar Jukun su ne suka kafa garin Ikara kuma suka sanya masa suna "Ikara" wanda ke nufin "bari a boye a nan" ko kuma "wuri" a [[Yarukan Jukun|yaren Jukun]]<ref>Daboh, Yusuf (1996). the pre -colonial Era of IkaraLand. kaduna.</ref> . Maguzawa mutane ne waɗanda asalin arna ne ko kuma waɗanda za su iya komawa Kiristanci daga baya a ƙarni na 20. Asalinsu maguzawa mutanen Hausa ne da aka fi samun su a yankunan Katsina, Kano da arewacin Zariya.<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBA programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref><ref>Smith, Mary (1981). The Baba of Karo: A woman of the Muslim Hause. Conn: Yale university Press.</ref> Hausawa da fulani suna kiransu da sunan “maguzawa” bayan jihadi saboda basu yarda da addinin musulunci ba amma sun ci gaba da bautar arna. Sai dai galibin wadannan mutanen da ake kira maguzawa sun koma Kirista, kuma irin wadannan ba za a iya kiransu da maguzawa a ma'anar kalmar Musulunci ta hakika ba; duk da haka sunan ya dawwama An ce fulani sun zo sun zauna a yankin ne saboda dalilai na muhalli. Bafullatani wadanda akasarinsu Bororuji(masu yawo) sun zo ikara ne saboda garin ya dace da kiwo, watakila sun nemi tserewa daga biyan harajin jangali ga sarakunan yankinsu, tare da dimbin iyali. Sai dai bisa ga al’adar baka, duk da wadannan matsugunai, ba za a iya daukar ikara a matsayin gari ba, domin babu wani takamaimai mai mulki a garin, sai a shekarar 1879, lokacin da magaji Abubakar, wanda ya fito daga garin kura, a jihar Kano. Ya tsara matsugunai zuwa gari, ya zama Hakimin kauye na farko a shekarar 1897. Shehu kwasau, sarkin zazzau (sarkin zazzau) ya nada sa a matsayin hakimin kauye mai taken “Dagachin ikara” == Tsarin Gudanarwa == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta kunshi gundumomi guda biyu wato: * gundumar Ikara * gundumar Pakistan Yana da sassa shida (6), wadanda su ne kamar haka. * Sashen Ma'aikata * Ma'aikatar Kudi & Supply * Sashen Ayyuka * Sashen Noma * Sashen Lafiya * Sashen Ilimi == Noma == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta dogara ne akan noma da karatun shanu. Ikara yana da karfi rabo na aiki bisa ga shekaru da jima'i. Maza da yawa suna da sana'o'i guda ɗaya kamar manoma da 'yan kasuwa. Matan Ikare suna samun kudi ta hanyar sarrafa abinci da sayar da kayan abinci a gida ko kasuwanni. == Yanayi == Lokacin damina yana da zalunci kuma yana da yawa, tare da yanayin zafi daga 53&nbsp;°F zuwa 97&nbsp;°F. Yanayin zafi yana bambanta a cikin shekara, kodayake galibi a lokacin rani. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ikara Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/58577/Average-Weather-in-Ikara-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ikara, Kaduna, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/kaduna/ikara |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Atlas |first=Weather |title=Yearly & Monthly weather - Ikara, Nigeria |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/ikara-climate |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=Weather Atlas |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Matsakaicin Zazzabi === Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin rana a lokacin zafi na watanni 1.9, wanda ke gudana daga Maris 7 zuwa Mayu 4, ya haura 94&nbsp;°F. Afrilu shine watan da ya fi zafi a shekara a Ikara, tare da yanayin zafi na 96&nbsp;°F da ƙananan zafin jiki na 71&nbsp;°F. Matsakaicin yawan zafin rana a lokacin sanyi na watanni 2.8, wanda ke gudana daga Yuli 6 zuwa Satumba 29, yana ƙasa da 85&nbsp;°F. Disamba shi ne watan mafi sanyi a shekara a Ikara, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 84&nbsp;°F da ƙasan 55&nbsp;°F. <ref name=":1"/> 1/3 na matasan unguwar Ikara suna shanya tumatur, da kowane irin barkono == Ilimi == Akwai Makarantun Sakandire goma sha uku a wannan Karamar Hukuma:<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBE programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref> - * Government Science Secondary School, Ikara * Government Girls Secondary School Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Koyar da Sana'a ta Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pala * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Auchan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pakistan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Jamfalan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Malikanchi * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Danlawal * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Rumi * Ikara Comprehensive Academy (Private) * Raising Star Academy Ikara (Masu zaman kansu) * Emmanuel Nursery, Primary and Secondary School, Gidan Tanko Jamfalan (Private). Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Ikara shahararriyar makarantar sakandire ce da ke aiki a cikin garin Ikara, makarantar tana da matsayi mai girma a fannin samar da ilimi mai inganci. == Cibiyoyin Kuɗi == Akwai banki a Ikara kuma Lead way Assurance ita ce sauran cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi a Ikara LGA Financial Resources * Unity Bank Reshen Ikara * Bank of Agriculture (BOA) * Babban Bankin Najeriya * Rabon Dokokin Tarayya wanda ake karɓa kowane wata. * Ana samun kudaden shiga na ciki daga kasuwanni, manya masu haraji da wuraren shakatawa na motoci. == Hukumomin Gwamnati == * Hukumar Lantarki na Karkara (REB) * [[Ofishin Gidan Waya na Najeriya|NIPOST]] * NPC * NITEL * Hukumar Ruwa == Siffofin Geographical == Babu wani yanayi na musamman a Karamar Hukumar tana da iyaka da Karamar Hukumar Makarfi a Yamma, Soba a Kudu, Tudun Wada a Jihar Kano a Arewa. Kubau ta Kudu == Babban ofishin == Ikara, Wanda babban gari ne hedkwatar == Kayayyakin Lafiya == Akwai cikakkun cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya guda biyar da kuma asibitoci arba'in da bakwai dake cikin wannan yanki. * General Hospital, Ikara * Babban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya, Paki * Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Auchan Akwai Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya a ƙarƙashin Ikara LGs masu Cibiyoyin Lafiya huɗu da ke Ikara kanta. == Masana'antu == Kamfanin sarrafa abinci na Ikara (Tumato) == Ma'aikatar shari'a == Karamar hukumar tana da kotuna guda uku a hedkwatar Ikara, wato: * Kotun Majistare * Babbar Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Al'ada == Albarkatun Ma'adinai == * Dutse mai daraja * Adadin farar ƙasa. == Mutane == Hausawa/Fulani == Yawan jama'a == mutane 194,723 (ƙidayar 2006) == Adireshin gidan waya == PMB 1101, Ikara == Addini == Musulunci shi ne addini mafi rinjaye. == Abubuwan Shaƙatawa == Makarantu da manyan makarantu suna ba da filin wasa don wasanni da abubuwan nishaɗi a cikin LGA == Hanyar Sadarwa == Aikin gina titi ya samu kulawa a lokacin Gwamna Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi. Ana lissafta hanyoyi a kasa: * Ikara – Tashan Yari Road * Ikara – Panbeguwa Road * Anchau-Kudaru Road * Paki Kwanan Dangora Road * Hanyar Anchau- Banki- Wagaho * Ikara –Tudun Wada of Kano State Road * Kurmin Kogi-Yan Marmara Road * Ikara – Zaria Road * Ikara –Furana-Dan Lawal == Makarantar Sakandare == Akwai biyu daga cikinsu wato * Makarantar Fasaha ta Lafiya, Pambeguwa (an koma Kubau) * Cibiyar hadin gwiwa Ikara == Sarakunan Gargajiya == Hakimai na gundumomi ne ke gudanar da waɗannan yankuna. Su ne: * Gundumar Ikara * Kurmin Kogi * Gundumar Pakistan * JanFalan * Gundumar Pala == Hankalin yawon bude ido == Karamar hukumar ta cika da wasu duwatsu da magudanan ruwa na Kogi. == Garuruwa da Kauyuka == Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, Pala, Saulawa, Rumi, Saya-saya, Kuya == Ruwa == Dam ruwan Ikara == Yan siyasa == * [[Hon. Sani Ahmed Ikara]] * Hon. Abdullahi Adamu * Hon. Tsoho Abubakar * Hon. Halliru Sambo * Hon. Tijjani Sani Paki * Hon. Gambo Lawal Auchan * Hon. Yusuf Bature Aliyu Auchan * Hon. Magaji Mudi Ikara * Hon. Alhassan Muhammad Datti * Hon. Yusuf Bala Ikara * Hon. Muhammad Dayyabu Paki * Hon. Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu * Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli shi ne Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Ikara da ke Jihar Kaduna a yanzu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] a0ztoepggfj4qtix7hs4rext0cgtk7z 967583 967578 2026-10-14T15:36:19Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* */ 967583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ikara''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|ƙaramar hukuma]] ce (LGA) cikin [[Kaduna (jiha)|kananan hukumomi Dake Jihar Kaduna]], a arewacin [[Najeriya]], tana da kimanin kilomita(85&nbsp;km) arewa maso gabas daga birnin [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]] . Ikara ta ƙunshi kauyuka da ke tsakanin 10°2¹ zuwa 11°5¹ arewa .wadanda suka hada da : Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, da Pala. Majalisar ƙaramar hukumar na ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-07 |title=Kaduna LG Polls: APC humbles PDP, wins 15 chairmanship seats |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/483524-kaduna-lg-polls-apc-humbles-pdp-wins-15-chairmanship-seats.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ƙabilu == Manyan ƙabilun mutanen yankin su ne [[Hausawa]] da [[Fulani]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History – Ikara Local Government Council |url=http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922125107/http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Musulunci da Kiristanci sune addinai Mafi rinjaye a garin. Alummar wannan yanki sun kasan ce manoma. Suna noma amfañin gona da suka hada da masara, gero, Wake, Waken Soya, Shinkafa, Rogo, Tumatir, Rake, da sauran kayayyakin amfanin gona da dama.<ref>Koslow, Phillip (1995). Hausaland: the Fortress Kingdom, Kingdom of Africa. New york: Chelsea House publisher.</ref> == Tarihin kafa karamar hukumar Ikara daga tsohuwar hukumar Zariya bayan gyaran kananan hukumomin da aka yi a shekarar 1976 a lokacin halitta. Ya ƙunshi gundumomin Ikara, Kubua da Makarfi. == Yanayin muhallin ɗan adam a Ikara yana samun tasiri ne sosai ta yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. An samo asali ne tun a shekara ta 1808 lokacin da [[Jukunawa|mutanen Jukun]] suka zauna a garin Ikara. Bakin haure ne da suka gudo daga Kano sakamakon ƙauracewa harin malaman Musulmi saboda kin karbar Musulunci. Sun sauka a karkashin tsaunin Ikara (Dutse Lungu) ki wani dan lokaci kadan daga baya suka sauka a wani fili kusa da dutsen. An yi imani da cewa al'ummar Jukun su ne suka kafa garin Ikara kuma suka sanya masa suna "Ikara" wanda ke nufin "bari a boye a nan" ko kuma "wuri" a [[Yarukan Jukun|yaren Jukun]]<ref>Daboh, Yusuf (1996). the pre -colonial Era of IkaraLand. kaduna.</ref> . Maguzawa mutane ne waɗanda asalin arna ne ko kuma waɗanda za su iya komawa Kiristanci daga baya a ƙarni na 20. Asalinsu maguzawa mutanen Hausa ne da aka fi samun su a yankunan Katsina, Kano da arewacin Zariya.<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBA programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref><ref>Smith, Mary (1981). The Baba of Karo: A woman of the Muslim Hause. Conn: Yale university Press.</ref> Hausawa da fulani suna kiransu da sunan “maguzawa” bayan jihadi saboda basu yarda da addinin musulunci ba amma sun ci gaba da bautar arna. Sai dai galibin wadannan mutanen da ake kira maguzawa sun koma Kirista, kuma irin wadannan ba za a iya kiransu da maguzawa a ma'anar kalmar Musulunci ta hakika ba; duk da haka sunan ya dawwama An ce fulani sun zo sun zauna a yankin ne saboda dalilai na muhalli. Bafullatani wadanda akasarinsu Bororuji(masu yawo) sun zo ikara ne saboda garin ya dace da kiwo, watakila sun nemi tserewa daga biyan harajin jangali ga sarakunan yankinsu, tare da dimbin iyali. Sai dai bisa ga al’adar baka, duk da wadannan matsugunai, ba za a iya daukar ikara a matsayin gari ba, domin babu wani takamaimai mai mulki a garin, sai a shekarar 1879, lokacin da magaji Abubakar, wanda ya fito daga garin kura, a jihar Kano. Ya tsara matsugunai zuwa gari, ya zama Hakimin kauye na farko a shekarar 1897. Shehu kwasau, sarkin zazzau (sarkin zazzau) ya nada sa a matsayin hakimin kauye mai taken “Dagachin ikara” == Tsarin Gudanarwa == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta kunshi gundumomi guda biyu wato: * gundumar Ikara * gundumar Pakistan Yana da sassa shida (6), wadanda su ne kamar haka. * Sashen Ma'aikata * Ma'aikatar Kudi & Supply * Sashen Ayyuka * Sashen Noma * Sashen Lafiya * Sashen Ilimi == Noma == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta dogara ne akan noma da karatun shanu. Ikara yana da karfi rabo na aiki bisa ga shekaru da jima'i. Maza da yawa suna da sana'o'i guda ɗaya kamar manoma da 'yan kasuwa. Matan Ikare suna samun kudi ta hanyar sarrafa abinci da sayar da kayan abinci a gida ko kasuwanni. == Yanayi == Lokacin damina yana da zalunci kuma yana da yawa, tare da yanayin zafi daga 53&nbsp;°F zuwa 97&nbsp;°F. Yanayin zafi yana bambanta a cikin shekara, kodayake galibi a lokacin rani. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ikara Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/58577/Average-Weather-in-Ikara-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ikara, Kaduna, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/kaduna/ikara |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Atlas |first=Weather |title=Yearly & Monthly weather - Ikara, Nigeria |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/ikara-climate |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=Weather Atlas |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Matsakaicin Zazzabi === Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin rana a lokacin zafi na watanni 1.9, wanda ke gudana daga Maris 7 zuwa Mayu 4, ya haura 94&nbsp;°F. Afrilu shine watan da ya fi zafi a shekara a Ikara, tare da yanayin zafi na 96&nbsp;°F da ƙananan zafin jiki na 71&nbsp;°F. Matsakaicin yawan zafin rana a lokacin sanyi na watanni 2.8, wanda ke gudana daga Yuli 6 zuwa Satumba 29, yana ƙasa da 85&nbsp;°F. Disamba shi ne watan mafi sanyi a shekara a Ikara, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 84&nbsp;°F da ƙasan 55&nbsp;°F. <ref name=":1"/> 1/3 na matasan unguwar Ikara suna shanya tumatur, da kowane irin barkono == Ilimi == Akwai Makarantun Sakandire goma sha uku a wannan Karamar Hukuma:<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBE programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref> - * Government Science Secondary School, Ikara * Government Girls Secondary School Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Koyar da Sana'a ta Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pala * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Auchan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pakistan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Jamfalan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Malikanchi * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Danlawal * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Rumi * Ikara Comprehensive Academy (Private) * Raising Star Academy Ikara (Masu zaman kansu) * Emmanuel Nursery, Primary and Secondary School, Gidan Tanko Jamfalan (Private). Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Ikara shahararriyar makarantar sakandire ce da ke aiki a cikin garin Ikara, makarantar tana da matsayi mai girma a fannin samar da ilimi mai inganci. == Cibiyoyin Kuɗi == Akwai banki a Ikara kuma Lead way Assurance ita ce sauran cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi a Ikara LGA Financial Resources * Unity Bank Reshen Ikara * Bank of Agriculture (BOA) * Babban Bankin Najeriya * Rabon Dokokin Tarayya wanda ake karɓa kowane wata. * Ana samun kudaden shiga na ciki daga kasuwanni, manya masu haraji da wuraren shakatawa na motoci. == Hukumomin Gwamnati == * Hukumar Lantarki na Karkara (REB) * [[Ofishin Gidan Waya na Najeriya|NIPOST]] * NPC * NITEL * Hukumar Ruwa == Siffofin Geographical == Babu wani yanayi na musamman a Karamar Hukumar tana da iyaka da Karamar Hukumar Makarfi a Yamma, Soba a Kudu, Tudun Wada a Jihar Kano a Arewa. Kubau ta Kudu == Babban ofishin == Ikara, Wanda babban gari ne hedkwatar == Kayayyakin Lafiya == Akwai cikakkun cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya guda biyar da kuma asibitoci arba'in da bakwai dake cikin wannan yanki. * General Hospital, Ikara * Babban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya, Paki * Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Auchan Akwai Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya a ƙarƙashin Ikara LGs masu Cibiyoyin Lafiya huɗu da ke Ikara kanta. == Masana'antu == Kamfanin sarrafa abinci na Ikara (Tumato) == Ma'aikatar shari'a == Karamar hukumar tana da kotuna guda uku a hedkwatar Ikara, wato: * Kotun Majistare * Babbar Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Al'ada == Albarkatun Ma'adinai == * Dutse mai daraja * Adadin farar ƙasa. == Mutane == Hausawa/Fulani == Yawan jama'a == mutane 194,723 (ƙidayar 2006) == Adireshin gidan waya == PMB 1101, Ikara == Addini == Musulunci shi ne addini mafi rinjaye. == Abubuwan Shaƙatawa == Makarantu da manyan makarantu suna ba da filin wasa don wasanni da abubuwan nishaɗi a cikin LGA == Hanyar Sadarwa == Aikin gina titi ya samu kulawa a lokacin Gwamna Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi. Ana lissafta hanyoyi a kasa: * Ikara – Tashan Yari Road * Ikara – Panbeguwa Road * Anchau-Kudaru Road * Paki Kwanan Dangora Road * Hanyar Anchau- Banki- Wagaho * Ikara –Tudun Wada of Kano State Road * Kurmin Kogi-Yan Marmara Road * Ikara – Zaria Road * Ikara –Furana-Dan Lawal == Makarantar Sakandare == Akwai biyu daga cikinsu wato * Makarantar Fasaha ta Lafiya, Pambeguwa (an koma Kubau) * Cibiyar hadin gwiwa Ikara == Sarakunan Gargajiya == Hakimai na gundumomi ne ke gudanar da waɗannan yankuna. Su ne: * Gundumar Ikara * Kurmin Kogi * Gundumar Pakistan * JanFalan * Gundumar Pala == Hankalin yawon bude ido == Karamar hukumar ta cika da wasu duwatsu da magudanan ruwa na Kogi. == Garuruwa da Kauyuka == Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, Pala, Saulawa, Rumi, Saya-saya, Kuya == Ruwa == Dam ruwan Ikara == Yan siyasa == * [[Hon. Sani Ahmed Ikara]] * Hon. Abdullahi Adamu * Hon. Tsoho Abubakar * Hon. Halliru Sambo * Hon. Tijjani Sani Paki * Hon. Gambo Lawal Auchan * Hon. Yusuf Bature Aliyu Auchan * Hon. Magaji Mudi Ikara * Hon. Alhassan Muhammad Datti * Hon. Yusuf Bala Ikara * Hon. Muhammad Dayyabu Paki * Hon. Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu * Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli shi ne Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Ikara da ke Jihar Kaduna a yanzu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mjqqur0mg4alufz9kozgk93cd79l5s1 967584 967583 2026-10-14T15:38:31Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Tsarin Gudanarwa */ 967584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ikara''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|ƙaramar hukuma]] ce (LGA) cikin [[Kaduna (jiha)|kananan hukumomi Dake Jihar Kaduna]], a arewacin [[Najeriya]], tana da kimanin kilomita(85&nbsp;km) arewa maso gabas daga birnin [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]] . Ikara ta ƙunshi kauyuka da ke tsakanin 10°2¹ zuwa 11°5¹ arewa .wadanda suka hada da : Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, da Pala. Majalisar ƙaramar hukumar na ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-07 |title=Kaduna LG Polls: APC humbles PDP, wins 15 chairmanship seats |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/483524-kaduna-lg-polls-apc-humbles-pdp-wins-15-chairmanship-seats.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ƙabilu == Manyan ƙabilun mutanen yankin su ne [[Hausawa]] da [[Fulani]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History – Ikara Local Government Council |url=http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922125107/http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Musulunci da Kiristanci sune addinai Mafi rinjaye a garin. Alummar wannan yanki sun kasan ce manoma. Suna noma amfañin gona da suka hada da masara, gero, Wake, Waken Soya, Shinkafa, Rogo, Tumatir, Rake, da sauran kayayyakin amfanin gona da dama.<ref>Koslow, Phillip (1995). Hausaland: the Fortress Kingdom, Kingdom of Africa. New york: Chelsea House publisher.</ref> == Tarihin kafa karamar hukumar Ikara daga tsohuwar hukumar Zariya bayan gyaran kananan hukumomin da aka yi a shekarar 1976 a lokacin halitta. Ya ƙunshi gundumomin Ikara, Kubua da Makarfi. == Yanayin muhallin ɗan adam a Ikara yana samun tasiri ne sosai ta yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. An samo asali ne tun a shekara ta 1808 lokacin da [[Jukunawa|mutanen Jukun]] suka zauna a garin Ikara. Bakin haure ne da suka gudo daga Kano sakamakon ƙauracewa harin malaman Musulmi saboda kin karbar Musulunci. Sun sauka a karkashin tsaunin Ikara (Dutse Lungu) ki wani dan lokaci kadan daga baya suka sauka a wani fili kusa da dutsen. An yi imani da cewa al'ummar Jukun su ne suka kafa garin Ikara kuma suka sanya masa suna "Ikara" wanda ke nufin "bari a boye a nan" ko kuma "wuri" a [[Yarukan Jukun|yaren Jukun]]<ref>Daboh, Yusuf (1996). the pre -colonial Era of IkaraLand. kaduna.</ref> . Maguzawa mutane ne waɗanda asalin arna ne ko kuma waɗanda za su iya komawa Kiristanci daga baya a ƙarni na 20. Asalinsu maguzawa mutanen Hausa ne da aka fi samun su a yankunan Katsina, Kano da arewacin Zariya.<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBA programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref><ref>Smith, Mary (1981). The Baba of Karo: A woman of the Muslim Hause. Conn: Yale university Press.</ref> Hausawa da fulani suna kiransu da sunan “maguzawa” bayan jihadi saboda basu yarda da addinin musulunci ba amma sun ci gaba da bautar arna. Sai dai galibin wadannan mutanen da ake kira maguzawa sun koma Kirista, kuma irin wadannan ba za a iya kiransu da maguzawa a ma'anar kalmar Musulunci ta hakika ba; duk da haka sunan ya dawwama An ce fulani sun zo sun zauna a yankin ne saboda dalilai na muhalli. Bafullatani wadanda akasarinsu Bororuji(masu yawo) sun zo ikara ne saboda garin ya dace da kiwo, watakila sun nemi tserewa daga biyan harajin jangali ga sarakunan yankinsu, tare da dimbin iyali. Sai dai bisa ga al’adar baka, duk da wadannan matsugunai, ba za a iya daukar ikara a matsayin gari ba, domin babu wani takamaimai mai mulki a garin, sai a shekarar 1879, lokacin da magaji Abubakar, wanda ya fito daga garin kura, a jihar Kano. Ya tsara matsugunai zuwa gari, ya zama Hakimin kauye na farko a shekarar 1897. Shehu kwasau, sarkin zazzau (sarkin zazzau) ya nada sa a matsayin hakimin kauye mai taken “Dagachin ikara” == Tsarin Gudanarwa == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta kunshi gundumomi guda biyu wato: * gundumar Ikara * gundumar Paki Yana da sassa shida (6), wadanda su ne kamar haka. * Sashen Ma'aikata * Ma'aikatar Kudi & Supply * Sashen Ayyuka * Sashen Noma * Sashen Lafiya * Sashen Ilimi == Noma == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta dogara ne akan noma da karatun shanu. Ikara yana da karfi rabo na aiki bisa ga shekaru da jima'i. Maza da yawa suna da sana'o'i guda ɗaya kamar manoma da 'yan kasuwa. Matan Ikare suna samun kudi ta hanyar sarrafa abinci da sayar da kayan abinci a gida ko kasuwanni. == Yanayi == Lokacin damina yana da zalunci kuma yana da yawa, tare da yanayin zafi daga 53&nbsp;°F zuwa 97&nbsp;°F. Yanayin zafi yana bambanta a cikin shekara, kodayake galibi a lokacin rani. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ikara Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/58577/Average-Weather-in-Ikara-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ikara, Kaduna, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/kaduna/ikara |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Atlas |first=Weather |title=Yearly & Monthly weather - Ikara, Nigeria |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/ikara-climate |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=Weather Atlas |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Matsakaicin Zazzabi === Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin rana a lokacin zafi na watanni 1.9, wanda ke gudana daga Maris 7 zuwa Mayu 4, ya haura 94&nbsp;°F. Afrilu shine watan da ya fi zafi a shekara a Ikara, tare da yanayin zafi na 96&nbsp;°F da ƙananan zafin jiki na 71&nbsp;°F. Matsakaicin yawan zafin rana a lokacin sanyi na watanni 2.8, wanda ke gudana daga Yuli 6 zuwa Satumba 29, yana ƙasa da 85&nbsp;°F. Disamba shi ne watan mafi sanyi a shekara a Ikara, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 84&nbsp;°F da ƙasan 55&nbsp;°F. <ref name=":1"/> 1/3 na matasan unguwar Ikara suna shanya tumatur, da kowane irin barkono == Ilimi == Akwai Makarantun Sakandire goma sha uku a wannan Karamar Hukuma:<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBE programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref> - * Government Science Secondary School, Ikara * Government Girls Secondary School Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Koyar da Sana'a ta Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pala * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Auchan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pakistan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Jamfalan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Malikanchi * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Danlawal * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Rumi * Ikara Comprehensive Academy (Private) * Raising Star Academy Ikara (Masu zaman kansu) * Emmanuel Nursery, Primary and Secondary School, Gidan Tanko Jamfalan (Private). Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Ikara shahararriyar makarantar sakandire ce da ke aiki a cikin garin Ikara, makarantar tana da matsayi mai girma a fannin samar da ilimi mai inganci. == Cibiyoyin Kuɗi == Akwai banki a Ikara kuma Lead way Assurance ita ce sauran cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi a Ikara LGA Financial Resources * Unity Bank Reshen Ikara * Bank of Agriculture (BOA) * Babban Bankin Najeriya * Rabon Dokokin Tarayya wanda ake karɓa kowane wata. * Ana samun kudaden shiga na ciki daga kasuwanni, manya masu haraji da wuraren shakatawa na motoci. == Hukumomin Gwamnati == * Hukumar Lantarki na Karkara (REB) * [[Ofishin Gidan Waya na Najeriya|NIPOST]] * NPC * NITEL * Hukumar Ruwa == Siffofin Geographical == Babu wani yanayi na musamman a Karamar Hukumar tana da iyaka da Karamar Hukumar Makarfi a Yamma, Soba a Kudu, Tudun Wada a Jihar Kano a Arewa. Kubau ta Kudu == Babban ofishin == Ikara, Wanda babban gari ne hedkwatar == Kayayyakin Lafiya == Akwai cikakkun cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya guda biyar da kuma asibitoci arba'in da bakwai dake cikin wannan yanki. * General Hospital, Ikara * Babban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya, Paki * Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Auchan Akwai Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya a ƙarƙashin Ikara LGs masu Cibiyoyin Lafiya huɗu da ke Ikara kanta. == Masana'antu == Kamfanin sarrafa abinci na Ikara (Tumato) == Ma'aikatar shari'a == Karamar hukumar tana da kotuna guda uku a hedkwatar Ikara, wato: * Kotun Majistare * Babbar Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Al'ada == Albarkatun Ma'adinai == * Dutse mai daraja * Adadin farar ƙasa. == Mutane == Hausawa/Fulani == Yawan jama'a == mutane 194,723 (ƙidayar 2006) == Adireshin gidan waya == PMB 1101, Ikara == Addini == Musulunci shi ne addini mafi rinjaye. == Abubuwan Shaƙatawa == Makarantu da manyan makarantu suna ba da filin wasa don wasanni da abubuwan nishaɗi a cikin LGA == Hanyar Sadarwa == Aikin gina titi ya samu kulawa a lokacin Gwamna Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi. Ana lissafta hanyoyi a kasa: * Ikara – Tashan Yari Road * Ikara – Panbeguwa Road * Anchau-Kudaru Road * Paki Kwanan Dangora Road * Hanyar Anchau- Banki- Wagaho * Ikara –Tudun Wada of Kano State Road * Kurmin Kogi-Yan Marmara Road * Ikara – Zaria Road * Ikara –Furana-Dan Lawal == Makarantar Sakandare == Akwai biyu daga cikinsu wato * Makarantar Fasaha ta Lafiya, Pambeguwa (an koma Kubau) * Cibiyar hadin gwiwa Ikara == Sarakunan Gargajiya == Hakimai na gundumomi ne ke gudanar da waɗannan yankuna. Su ne: * Gundumar Ikara * Kurmin Kogi * Gundumar Pakistan * JanFalan * Gundumar Pala == Hankalin yawon bude ido == Karamar hukumar ta cika da wasu duwatsu da magudanan ruwa na Kogi. == Garuruwa da Kauyuka == Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, Pala, Saulawa, Rumi, Saya-saya, Kuya == Ruwa == Dam ruwan Ikara == Yan siyasa == * [[Hon. Sani Ahmed Ikara]] * Hon. Abdullahi Adamu * Hon. Tsoho Abubakar * Hon. Halliru Sambo * Hon. Tijjani Sani Paki * Hon. Gambo Lawal Auchan * Hon. Yusuf Bature Aliyu Auchan * Hon. Magaji Mudi Ikara * Hon. Alhassan Muhammad Datti * Hon. Yusuf Bala Ikara * Hon. Muhammad Dayyabu Paki * Hon. Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu * Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli shi ne Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Ikara da ke Jihar Kaduna a yanzu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tkg0kfnrp174bi7btplfexb4erv6qev 967585 967584 2026-10-14T15:39:38Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Noma */ 967585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ikara''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|ƙaramar hukuma]] ce (LGA) cikin [[Kaduna (jiha)|kananan hukumomi Dake Jihar Kaduna]], a arewacin [[Najeriya]], tana da kimanin kilomita(85&nbsp;km) arewa maso gabas daga birnin [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]] . Ikara ta ƙunshi kauyuka da ke tsakanin 10°2¹ zuwa 11°5¹ arewa .wadanda suka hada da : Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, da Pala. Majalisar ƙaramar hukumar na ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-07 |title=Kaduna LG Polls: APC humbles PDP, wins 15 chairmanship seats |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/483524-kaduna-lg-polls-apc-humbles-pdp-wins-15-chairmanship-seats.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ƙabilu == Manyan ƙabilun mutanen yankin su ne [[Hausawa]] da [[Fulani]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History – Ikara Local Government Council |url=http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922125107/http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Musulunci da Kiristanci sune addinai Mafi rinjaye a garin. Alummar wannan yanki sun kasan ce manoma. Suna noma amfañin gona da suka hada da masara, gero, Wake, Waken Soya, Shinkafa, Rogo, Tumatir, Rake, da sauran kayayyakin amfanin gona da dama.<ref>Koslow, Phillip (1995). Hausaland: the Fortress Kingdom, Kingdom of Africa. New york: Chelsea House publisher.</ref> == Tarihin kafa karamar hukumar Ikara daga tsohuwar hukumar Zariya bayan gyaran kananan hukumomin da aka yi a shekarar 1976 a lokacin halitta. Ya ƙunshi gundumomin Ikara, Kubua da Makarfi. == Yanayin muhallin ɗan adam a Ikara yana samun tasiri ne sosai ta yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. An samo asali ne tun a shekara ta 1808 lokacin da [[Jukunawa|mutanen Jukun]] suka zauna a garin Ikara. Bakin haure ne da suka gudo daga Kano sakamakon ƙauracewa harin malaman Musulmi saboda kin karbar Musulunci. Sun sauka a karkashin tsaunin Ikara (Dutse Lungu) ki wani dan lokaci kadan daga baya suka sauka a wani fili kusa da dutsen. An yi imani da cewa al'ummar Jukun su ne suka kafa garin Ikara kuma suka sanya masa suna "Ikara" wanda ke nufin "bari a boye a nan" ko kuma "wuri" a [[Yarukan Jukun|yaren Jukun]]<ref>Daboh, Yusuf (1996). the pre -colonial Era of IkaraLand. kaduna.</ref> . Maguzawa mutane ne waɗanda asalin arna ne ko kuma waɗanda za su iya komawa Kiristanci daga baya a ƙarni na 20. Asalinsu maguzawa mutanen Hausa ne da aka fi samun su a yankunan Katsina, Kano da arewacin Zariya.<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBA programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref><ref>Smith, Mary (1981). The Baba of Karo: A woman of the Muslim Hause. Conn: Yale university Press.</ref> Hausawa da fulani suna kiransu da sunan “maguzawa” bayan jihadi saboda basu yarda da addinin musulunci ba amma sun ci gaba da bautar arna. Sai dai galibin wadannan mutanen da ake kira maguzawa sun koma Kirista, kuma irin wadannan ba za a iya kiransu da maguzawa a ma'anar kalmar Musulunci ta hakika ba; duk da haka sunan ya dawwama An ce fulani sun zo sun zauna a yankin ne saboda dalilai na muhalli. Bafullatani wadanda akasarinsu Bororuji(masu yawo) sun zo ikara ne saboda garin ya dace da kiwo, watakila sun nemi tserewa daga biyan harajin jangali ga sarakunan yankinsu, tare da dimbin iyali. Sai dai bisa ga al’adar baka, duk da wadannan matsugunai, ba za a iya daukar ikara a matsayin gari ba, domin babu wani takamaimai mai mulki a garin, sai a shekarar 1879, lokacin da magaji Abubakar, wanda ya fito daga garin kura, a jihar Kano. Ya tsara matsugunai zuwa gari, ya zama Hakimin kauye na farko a shekarar 1897. Shehu kwasau, sarkin zazzau (sarkin zazzau) ya nada sa a matsayin hakimin kauye mai taken “Dagachin ikara” == Tsarin Gudanarwa == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta kunshi gundumomi guda biyu wato: * gundumar Ikara * gundumar Paki Yana da sassa shida (6), wadanda su ne kamar haka. * Sashen Ma'aikata * Ma'aikatar Kudi & Supply * Sashen Ayyuka * Sashen Noma * Sashen Lafiya * Sashen Ilimi == Noma == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta dogara ne akan noma da kiwon shanu. Ikara yana da karfi rabo na aiki bisa ga shekaru da jima'i. Maza da yawa suna da sana'o'i guda ɗaya kamar manoma da 'yan kasuwa. Matan Ikare suna samun kudi ta hanyar sarrafa abinci da sayar da kayan abinci a gida ko kasuwanni. == Yanayi == Lokacin damina yana da zalunci kuma yana da yawa, tare da yanayin zafi daga 53&nbsp;°F zuwa 97&nbsp;°F. Yanayin zafi yana bambanta a cikin shekara, kodayake galibi a lokacin rani. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ikara Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/58577/Average-Weather-in-Ikara-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ikara, Kaduna, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/kaduna/ikara |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Atlas |first=Weather |title=Yearly & Monthly weather - Ikara, Nigeria |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/ikara-climate |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=Weather Atlas |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Matsakaicin Zazzabi === Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin rana a lokacin zafi na watanni 1.9, wanda ke gudana daga Maris 7 zuwa Mayu 4, ya haura 94&nbsp;°F. Afrilu shine watan da ya fi zafi a shekara a Ikara, tare da yanayin zafi na 96&nbsp;°F da ƙananan zafin jiki na 71&nbsp;°F. Matsakaicin yawan zafin rana a lokacin sanyi na watanni 2.8, wanda ke gudana daga Yuli 6 zuwa Satumba 29, yana ƙasa da 85&nbsp;°F. Disamba shi ne watan mafi sanyi a shekara a Ikara, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 84&nbsp;°F da ƙasan 55&nbsp;°F. <ref name=":1"/> 1/3 na matasan unguwar Ikara suna shanya tumatur, da kowane irin barkono == Ilimi == Akwai Makarantun Sakandire goma sha uku a wannan Karamar Hukuma:<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBE programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref> - * Government Science Secondary School, Ikara * Government Girls Secondary School Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Koyar da Sana'a ta Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pala * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Auchan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pakistan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Jamfalan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Malikanchi * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Danlawal * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Rumi * Ikara Comprehensive Academy (Private) * Raising Star Academy Ikara (Masu zaman kansu) * Emmanuel Nursery, Primary and Secondary School, Gidan Tanko Jamfalan (Private). Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Ikara shahararriyar makarantar sakandire ce da ke aiki a cikin garin Ikara, makarantar tana da matsayi mai girma a fannin samar da ilimi mai inganci. == Cibiyoyin Kuɗi == Akwai banki a Ikara kuma Lead way Assurance ita ce sauran cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi a Ikara LGA Financial Resources * Unity Bank Reshen Ikara * Bank of Agriculture (BOA) * Babban Bankin Najeriya * Rabon Dokokin Tarayya wanda ake karɓa kowane wata. * Ana samun kudaden shiga na ciki daga kasuwanni, manya masu haraji da wuraren shakatawa na motoci. == Hukumomin Gwamnati == * Hukumar Lantarki na Karkara (REB) * [[Ofishin Gidan Waya na Najeriya|NIPOST]] * NPC * NITEL * Hukumar Ruwa == Siffofin Geographical == Babu wani yanayi na musamman a Karamar Hukumar tana da iyaka da Karamar Hukumar Makarfi a Yamma, Soba a Kudu, Tudun Wada a Jihar Kano a Arewa. Kubau ta Kudu == Babban ofishin == Ikara, Wanda babban gari ne hedkwatar == Kayayyakin Lafiya == Akwai cikakkun cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya guda biyar da kuma asibitoci arba'in da bakwai dake cikin wannan yanki. * General Hospital, Ikara * Babban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya, Paki * Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Auchan Akwai Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya a ƙarƙashin Ikara LGs masu Cibiyoyin Lafiya huɗu da ke Ikara kanta. == Masana'antu == Kamfanin sarrafa abinci na Ikara (Tumato) == Ma'aikatar shari'a == Karamar hukumar tana da kotuna guda uku a hedkwatar Ikara, wato: * Kotun Majistare * Babbar Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Al'ada == Albarkatun Ma'adinai == * Dutse mai daraja * Adadin farar ƙasa. == Mutane == Hausawa/Fulani == Yawan jama'a == mutane 194,723 (ƙidayar 2006) == Adireshin gidan waya == PMB 1101, Ikara == Addini == Musulunci shi ne addini mafi rinjaye. == Abubuwan Shaƙatawa == Makarantu da manyan makarantu suna ba da filin wasa don wasanni da abubuwan nishaɗi a cikin LGA == Hanyar Sadarwa == Aikin gina titi ya samu kulawa a lokacin Gwamna Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi. Ana lissafta hanyoyi a kasa: * Ikara – Tashan Yari Road * Ikara – Panbeguwa Road * Anchau-Kudaru Road * Paki Kwanan Dangora Road * Hanyar Anchau- Banki- Wagaho * Ikara –Tudun Wada of Kano State Road * Kurmin Kogi-Yan Marmara Road * Ikara – Zaria Road * Ikara –Furana-Dan Lawal == Makarantar Sakandare == Akwai biyu daga cikinsu wato * Makarantar Fasaha ta Lafiya, Pambeguwa (an koma Kubau) * Cibiyar hadin gwiwa Ikara == Sarakunan Gargajiya == Hakimai na gundumomi ne ke gudanar da waɗannan yankuna. Su ne: * Gundumar Ikara * Kurmin Kogi * Gundumar Pakistan * JanFalan * Gundumar Pala == Hankalin yawon bude ido == Karamar hukumar ta cika da wasu duwatsu da magudanan ruwa na Kogi. == Garuruwa da Kauyuka == Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, Pala, Saulawa, Rumi, Saya-saya, Kuya == Ruwa == Dam ruwan Ikara == Yan siyasa == * [[Hon. Sani Ahmed Ikara]] * Hon. Abdullahi Adamu * Hon. Tsoho Abubakar * Hon. Halliru Sambo * Hon. Tijjani Sani Paki * Hon. Gambo Lawal Auchan * Hon. Yusuf Bature Aliyu Auchan * Hon. Magaji Mudi Ikara * Hon. Alhassan Muhammad Datti * Hon. Yusuf Bala Ikara * Hon. Muhammad Dayyabu Paki * Hon. Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu * Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli shi ne Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Ikara da ke Jihar Kaduna a yanzu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fy9r7khjh62ti2sfz7g5l96djgpv1bl 967586 967585 2026-10-14T15:50:08Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* */ 967586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ikara''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|ƙaramar hukuma]] ce (LGA) cikin [[Kaduna (jiha)|kananan hukumomi Dake Jihar Kaduna]], a arewacin [[Najeriya]], tana da kimanin kilomita(85&nbsp;km) arewa maso gabas daga birnin [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]] . Ikara ta ƙunshi kauyuka da ke tsakanin 10°2¹ zuwa 11°5¹ arewa .wadanda suka hada da : Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, da Pala. Majalisar ƙaramar hukumar na ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hon Bashir Mammman Dogon koli. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-07 |title=Kaduna LG Polls: APC humbles PDP, wins 15 chairmanship seats |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/483524-kaduna-lg-polls-apc-humbles-pdp-wins-15-chairmanship-seats.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ƙabilu == Manyan ƙabilun mutanen yankin su ne [[Hausawa]] da [[Fulani]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History – Ikara Local Government Council |url=http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922125107/http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Musulunci da Kiristanci sune addinai Mafi rinjaye a garin. Alummar wannan yanki sun kasan ce manoma. Suna noma amfañin gona da suka hada da masara, gero, Wake, Waken Soya, Shinkafa, Rogo, Tumatir, Rake, da sauran kayayyakin amfanin gona da dama.<ref>Koslow, Phillip (1995). Hausaland: the Fortress Kingdom, Kingdom of Africa. New york: Chelsea House publisher.</ref> == Tarihin kafa karamar hukumar Ikara daga tsohuwar hukumar Zariya bayan gyaran kananan hukumomin da aka yi a shekarar 1976 a lokacin halitta. Ya ƙunshi gundumomin Ikara, Kubua da Makarfi. == Yanayin muhallin ɗan adam a Ikara yana samun tasiri ne sosai ta yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. An samo asali ne tun a shekara ta 1808 lokacin da [[Jukunawa|mutanen Jukun]] suka zauna a garin Ikara. Bakin haure ne da suka gudo daga Kano sakamakon ƙauracewa harin malaman Musulmi saboda kin karbar Musulunci. Sun sauka a karkashin tsaunin Ikara (Dutse Lungu) ki wani dan lokaci kadan daga baya suka sauka a wani fili kusa da dutsen. An yi imani da cewa al'ummar Jukun su ne suka kafa garin Ikara kuma suka sanya masa suna "Ikara" wanda ke nufin "bari a boye a nan" ko kuma "wuri" a [[Yarukan Jukun|yaren Jukun]]<ref>Daboh, Yusuf (1996). the pre -colonial Era of IkaraLand. kaduna.</ref> . Maguzawa mutane ne waɗanda asalin arna ne ko kuma waɗanda za su iya komawa Kiristanci daga baya a ƙarni na 20. Asalinsu maguzawa mutanen Hausa ne da aka fi samun su a yankunan Katsina, Kano da arewacin Zariya.<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBA programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref><ref>Smith, Mary (1981). The Baba of Karo: A woman of the Muslim Hause. Conn: Yale university Press.</ref> Hausawa da fulani suna kiransu da sunan “maguzawa” bayan jihadi saboda basu yarda da addinin musulunci ba amma sun ci gaba da bautar arna. Sai dai galibin wadannan mutanen da ake kira maguzawa sun koma Kirista, kuma irin wadannan ba za a iya kiransu da maguzawa a ma'anar kalmar Musulunci ta hakika ba; duk da haka sunan ya dawwama An ce fulani sun zo sun zauna a yankin ne saboda dalilai na muhalli. Bafullatani wadanda akasarinsu Bororuji(masu yawo) sun zo ikara ne saboda garin ya dace da kiwo, watakila sun nemi tserewa daga biyan harajin jangali ga sarakunan yankinsu, tare da dimbin iyali. Sai dai bisa ga al’adar baka, duk da wadannan matsugunai, ba za a iya daukar ikara a matsayin gari ba, domin babu wani takamaimai mai mulki a garin, sai a shekarar 1879, lokacin da magaji Abubakar, wanda ya fito daga garin kura, a jihar Kano. Ya tsara matsugunai zuwa gari, ya zama Hakimin kauye na farko a shekarar 1897. Shehu kwasau, sarkin zazzau (sarkin zazzau) ya nada sa a matsayin hakimin kauye mai taken “Dagachin ikara” == Tsarin Gudanarwa == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta kunshi gundumomi guda biyu wato: * gundumar Ikara * gundumar Paki Yana da sassa shida (6), wadanda su ne kamar haka. * Sashen Ma'aikata * Ma'aikatar Kudi & Supply * Sashen Ayyuka * Sashen Noma * Sashen Lafiya * Sashen Ilimi == Noma == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta dogara ne akan noma da kiwon shanu. Ikara yana da karfi rabo na aiki bisa ga shekaru da jima'i. Maza da yawa suna da sana'o'i guda ɗaya kamar manoma da 'yan kasuwa. Matan Ikare suna samun kudi ta hanyar sarrafa abinci da sayar da kayan abinci a gida ko kasuwanni. == Yanayi == Lokacin damina yana da zalunci kuma yana da yawa, tare da yanayin zafi daga 53&nbsp;°F zuwa 97&nbsp;°F. Yanayin zafi yana bambanta a cikin shekara, kodayake galibi a lokacin rani. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ikara Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/58577/Average-Weather-in-Ikara-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ikara, Kaduna, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/kaduna/ikara |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Atlas |first=Weather |title=Yearly & Monthly weather - Ikara, Nigeria |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/ikara-climate |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=Weather Atlas |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Matsakaicin Zazzabi === Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin rana a lokacin zafi na watanni 1.9, wanda ke gudana daga Maris 7 zuwa Mayu 4, ya haura 94&nbsp;°F. Afrilu shine watan da ya fi zafi a shekara a Ikara, tare da yanayin zafi na 96&nbsp;°F da ƙananan zafin jiki na 71&nbsp;°F. Matsakaicin yawan zafin rana a lokacin sanyi na watanni 2.8, wanda ke gudana daga Yuli 6 zuwa Satumba 29, yana ƙasa da 85&nbsp;°F. Disamba shi ne watan mafi sanyi a shekara a Ikara, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 84&nbsp;°F da ƙasan 55&nbsp;°F. <ref name=":1"/> 1/3 na matasan unguwar Ikara suna shanya tumatur, da kowane irin barkono == Ilimi == Akwai Makarantun Sakandire goma sha uku a wannan Karamar Hukuma:<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBE programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref> - * Government Science Secondary School, Ikara * Government Girls Secondary School Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Koyar da Sana'a ta Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pala * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Auchan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pakistan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Jamfalan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Malikanchi * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Danlawal * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Rumi * Ikara Comprehensive Academy (Private) * Raising Star Academy Ikara (Masu zaman kansu) * Emmanuel Nursery, Primary and Secondary School, Gidan Tanko Jamfalan (Private). Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Ikara shahararriyar makarantar sakandire ce da ke aiki a cikin garin Ikara, makarantar tana da matsayi mai girma a fannin samar da ilimi mai inganci. == Cibiyoyin Kuɗi == Akwai banki a Ikara kuma Lead way Assurance ita ce sauran cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi a Ikara LGA Financial Resources * Unity Bank Reshen Ikara * Bank of Agriculture (BOA) * Babban Bankin Najeriya * Rabon Dokokin Tarayya wanda ake karɓa kowane wata. * Ana samun kudaden shiga na ciki daga kasuwanni, manya masu haraji da wuraren shakatawa na motoci. == Hukumomin Gwamnati == * Hukumar Lantarki na Karkara (REB) * [[Ofishin Gidan Waya na Najeriya|NIPOST]] * NPC * NITEL * Hukumar Ruwa == Siffofin Geographical == Babu wani yanayi na musamman a Karamar Hukumar tana da iyaka da Karamar Hukumar Makarfi a Yamma, Soba a Kudu, Tudun Wada a Jihar Kano a Arewa. Kubau ta Kudu == Babban ofishin == Ikara, Wanda babban gari ne hedkwatar == Kayayyakin Lafiya == Akwai cikakkun cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya guda biyar da kuma asibitoci arba'in da bakwai dake cikin wannan yanki. * General Hospital, Ikara * Babban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya, Paki * Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Auchan Akwai Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya a ƙarƙashin Ikara LGs masu Cibiyoyin Lafiya huɗu da ke Ikara kanta. == Masana'antu == Kamfanin sarrafa abinci na Ikara (Tumato) == Ma'aikatar shari'a == Karamar hukumar tana da kotuna guda uku a hedkwatar Ikara, wato: * Kotun Majistare * Babbar Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Al'ada == Albarkatun Ma'adinai == * Dutse mai daraja * Adadin farar ƙasa. == Mutane == Hausawa/Fulani == Yawan jama'a == mutane 194,723 (ƙidayar 2006) == Adireshin gidan waya == PMB 1101, Ikara == Addini == Musulunci shi ne addini mafi rinjaye. == Abubuwan Shaƙatawa == Makarantu da manyan makarantu suna ba da filin wasa don wasanni da abubuwan nishaɗi a cikin LGA == Hanyar Sadarwa == Aikin gina titi ya samu kulawa a lokacin Gwamna Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi. Ana lissafta hanyoyi a kasa: * Ikara – Tashan Yari Road * Ikara – Panbeguwa Road * Anchau-Kudaru Road * Paki Kwanan Dangora Road * Hanyar Anchau- Banki- Wagaho * Ikara –Tudun Wada of Kano State Road * Kurmin Kogi-Yan Marmara Road * Ikara – Zaria Road * Ikara –Furana-Dan Lawal == Makarantar Sakandare == Akwai biyu daga cikinsu wato * Makarantar Fasaha ta Lafiya, Pambeguwa (an koma Kubau) * Cibiyar hadin gwiwa Ikara == Sarakunan Gargajiya == Hakimai na gundumomi ne ke gudanar da waɗannan yankuna. Su ne: * Gundumar Ikara * Kurmin Kogi * Gundumar Pakistan * JanFalan * Gundumar Pala == Hankalin yawon bude ido == Karamar hukumar ta cika da wasu duwatsu da magudanan ruwa na Kogi. == Garuruwa da Kauyuka == Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, Pala, Saulawa, Rumi, Saya-saya, Kuya == Ruwa == Dam ruwan Ikara == Yan siyasa == * [[Hon. Sani Ahmed Ikara]] * Hon. Abdullahi Adamu * Hon. Tsoho Abubakar * Hon. Halliru Sambo * Hon. Tijjani Sani Paki * Hon. Gambo Lawal Auchan * Hon. Yusuf Bature Aliyu Auchan * Hon. Magaji Mudi Ikara * Hon. Alhassan Muhammad Datti * Hon. Yusuf Bala Ikara * Hon. Muhammad Dayyabu Paki * Hon. Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu * Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli shi ne Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Ikara da ke Jihar Kaduna a yanzu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nw7zdj0dhwab9lkwbqlnb45p8ohisdg 967587 967586 2026-10-14T15:51:54Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Ƙabilu */ 967587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ikara''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|ƙaramar hukuma]] ce (LGA) cikin [[Kaduna (jiha)|kananan hukumomi Dake Jihar Kaduna]], a arewacin [[Najeriya]], tana da kimanin kilomita(85&nbsp;km) arewa maso gabas daga birnin [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]] . Ikara ta ƙunshi kauyuka da ke tsakanin 10°2¹ zuwa 11°5¹ arewa .wadanda suka hada da : Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, da Pala. Majalisar ƙaramar hukumar na ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hon Bashir Mammman Dogon koli. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-07 |title=Kaduna LG Polls: APC humbles PDP, wins 15 chairmanship seats |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/483524-kaduna-lg-polls-apc-humbles-pdp-wins-15-chairmanship-seats.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ƙabilu == [[Hausawa]] da [[Fulani]] sune kabilu Mafi rinjaye a garin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History – Ikara Local Government Council |url=http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922125107/http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Musulunci da Kiristanci sune addinai Mafi rinjaye a garin. Alummar wannan yanki sun kasan ce manoma. Suna noma amfañin gona da suka hada da masara, gero, Wake, Waken Soya, Shinkafa, Rogo, Tumatir, Rake, da sauran kayayyakin amfanin gona da dama.<ref>Koslow, Phillip (1995). Hausaland: the Fortress Kingdom, Kingdom of Africa. New york: Chelsea House publisher.</ref> == Tarihin kafa karamar hukumar Ikara daga tsohuwar hukumar Zariya bayan gyaran kananan hukumomin da aka yi a shekarar 1976 a lokacin halitta. Ya ƙunshi gundumomin Ikara, Kubua da Makarfi. == Yanayin muhallin ɗan adam a Ikara yana samun tasiri ne sosai ta yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. An samo asali ne tun a shekara ta 1808 lokacin da [[Jukunawa|mutanen Jukun]] suka zauna a garin Ikara. Bakin haure ne da suka gudo daga Kano sakamakon ƙauracewa harin malaman Musulmi saboda kin karbar Musulunci. Sun sauka a karkashin tsaunin Ikara (Dutse Lungu) ki wani dan lokaci kadan daga baya suka sauka a wani fili kusa da dutsen. An yi imani da cewa al'ummar Jukun su ne suka kafa garin Ikara kuma suka sanya masa suna "Ikara" wanda ke nufin "bari a boye a nan" ko kuma "wuri" a [[Yarukan Jukun|yaren Jukun]]<ref>Daboh, Yusuf (1996). the pre -colonial Era of IkaraLand. kaduna.</ref> . Maguzawa mutane ne waɗanda asalin arna ne ko kuma waɗanda za su iya komawa Kiristanci daga baya a ƙarni na 20. Asalinsu maguzawa mutanen Hausa ne da aka fi samun su a yankunan Katsina, Kano da arewacin Zariya.<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBA programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref><ref>Smith, Mary (1981). The Baba of Karo: A woman of the Muslim Hause. Conn: Yale university Press.</ref> Hausawa da fulani suna kiransu da sunan “maguzawa” bayan jihadi saboda basu yarda da addinin musulunci ba amma sun ci gaba da bautar arna. Sai dai galibin wadannan mutanen da ake kira maguzawa sun koma Kirista, kuma irin wadannan ba za a iya kiransu da maguzawa a ma'anar kalmar Musulunci ta hakika ba; duk da haka sunan ya dawwama An ce fulani sun zo sun zauna a yankin ne saboda dalilai na muhalli. Bafullatani wadanda akasarinsu Bororuji(masu yawo) sun zo ikara ne saboda garin ya dace da kiwo, watakila sun nemi tserewa daga biyan harajin jangali ga sarakunan yankinsu, tare da dimbin iyali. Sai dai bisa ga al’adar baka, duk da wadannan matsugunai, ba za a iya daukar ikara a matsayin gari ba, domin babu wani takamaimai mai mulki a garin, sai a shekarar 1879, lokacin da magaji Abubakar, wanda ya fito daga garin kura, a jihar Kano. Ya tsara matsugunai zuwa gari, ya zama Hakimin kauye na farko a shekarar 1897. Shehu kwasau, sarkin zazzau (sarkin zazzau) ya nada sa a matsayin hakimin kauye mai taken “Dagachin ikara” == Tsarin Gudanarwa == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta kunshi gundumomi guda biyu wato: * gundumar Ikara * gundumar Paki Yana da sassa shida (6), wadanda su ne kamar haka. * Sashen Ma'aikata * Ma'aikatar Kudi & Supply * Sashen Ayyuka * Sashen Noma * Sashen Lafiya * Sashen Ilimi == Noma == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta dogara ne akan noma da kiwon shanu. Ikara yana da karfi rabo na aiki bisa ga shekaru da jima'i. Maza da yawa suna da sana'o'i guda ɗaya kamar manoma da 'yan kasuwa. Matan Ikare suna samun kudi ta hanyar sarrafa abinci da sayar da kayan abinci a gida ko kasuwanni. == Yanayi == Lokacin damina yana da zalunci kuma yana da yawa, tare da yanayin zafi daga 53&nbsp;°F zuwa 97&nbsp;°F. Yanayin zafi yana bambanta a cikin shekara, kodayake galibi a lokacin rani. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ikara Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/58577/Average-Weather-in-Ikara-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ikara, Kaduna, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/kaduna/ikara |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Atlas |first=Weather |title=Yearly & Monthly weather - Ikara, Nigeria |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/ikara-climate |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=Weather Atlas |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Matsakaicin Zazzabi === Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin rana a lokacin zafi na watanni 1.9, wanda ke gudana daga Maris 7 zuwa Mayu 4, ya haura 94&nbsp;°F. Afrilu shine watan da ya fi zafi a shekara a Ikara, tare da yanayin zafi na 96&nbsp;°F da ƙananan zafin jiki na 71&nbsp;°F. Matsakaicin yawan zafin rana a lokacin sanyi na watanni 2.8, wanda ke gudana daga Yuli 6 zuwa Satumba 29, yana ƙasa da 85&nbsp;°F. Disamba shi ne watan mafi sanyi a shekara a Ikara, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 84&nbsp;°F da ƙasan 55&nbsp;°F. <ref name=":1"/> 1/3 na matasan unguwar Ikara suna shanya tumatur, da kowane irin barkono == Ilimi == Akwai Makarantun Sakandire goma sha uku a wannan Karamar Hukuma:<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBE programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref> - * Government Science Secondary School, Ikara * Government Girls Secondary School Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Koyar da Sana'a ta Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pala * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Auchan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pakistan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Jamfalan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Malikanchi * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Danlawal * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Rumi * Ikara Comprehensive Academy (Private) * Raising Star Academy Ikara (Masu zaman kansu) * Emmanuel Nursery, Primary and Secondary School, Gidan Tanko Jamfalan (Private). Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Ikara shahararriyar makarantar sakandire ce da ke aiki a cikin garin Ikara, makarantar tana da matsayi mai girma a fannin samar da ilimi mai inganci. == Cibiyoyin Kuɗi == Akwai banki a Ikara kuma Lead way Assurance ita ce sauran cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi a Ikara LGA Financial Resources * Unity Bank Reshen Ikara * Bank of Agriculture (BOA) * Babban Bankin Najeriya * Rabon Dokokin Tarayya wanda ake karɓa kowane wata. * Ana samun kudaden shiga na ciki daga kasuwanni, manya masu haraji da wuraren shakatawa na motoci. == Hukumomin Gwamnati == * Hukumar Lantarki na Karkara (REB) * [[Ofishin Gidan Waya na Najeriya|NIPOST]] * NPC * NITEL * Hukumar Ruwa == Siffofin Geographical == Babu wani yanayi na musamman a Karamar Hukumar tana da iyaka da Karamar Hukumar Makarfi a Yamma, Soba a Kudu, Tudun Wada a Jihar Kano a Arewa. Kubau ta Kudu == Babban ofishin == Ikara, Wanda babban gari ne hedkwatar == Kayayyakin Lafiya == Akwai cikakkun cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya guda biyar da kuma asibitoci arba'in da bakwai dake cikin wannan yanki. * General Hospital, Ikara * Babban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya, Paki * Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Auchan Akwai Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya a ƙarƙashin Ikara LGs masu Cibiyoyin Lafiya huɗu da ke Ikara kanta. == Masana'antu == Kamfanin sarrafa abinci na Ikara (Tumato) == Ma'aikatar shari'a == Karamar hukumar tana da kotuna guda uku a hedkwatar Ikara, wato: * Kotun Majistare * Babbar Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Al'ada == Albarkatun Ma'adinai == * Dutse mai daraja * Adadin farar ƙasa. == Mutane == Hausawa/Fulani == Yawan jama'a == mutane 194,723 (ƙidayar 2006) == Adireshin gidan waya == PMB 1101, Ikara == Addini == Musulunci shi ne addini mafi rinjaye. == Abubuwan Shaƙatawa == Makarantu da manyan makarantu suna ba da filin wasa don wasanni da abubuwan nishaɗi a cikin LGA == Hanyar Sadarwa == Aikin gina titi ya samu kulawa a lokacin Gwamna Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi. Ana lissafta hanyoyi a kasa: * Ikara – Tashan Yari Road * Ikara – Panbeguwa Road * Anchau-Kudaru Road * Paki Kwanan Dangora Road * Hanyar Anchau- Banki- Wagaho * Ikara –Tudun Wada of Kano State Road * Kurmin Kogi-Yan Marmara Road * Ikara – Zaria Road * Ikara –Furana-Dan Lawal == Makarantar Sakandare == Akwai biyu daga cikinsu wato * Makarantar Fasaha ta Lafiya, Pambeguwa (an koma Kubau) * Cibiyar hadin gwiwa Ikara == Sarakunan Gargajiya == Hakimai na gundumomi ne ke gudanar da waɗannan yankuna. Su ne: * Gundumar Ikara * Kurmin Kogi * Gundumar Pakistan * JanFalan * Gundumar Pala == Hankalin yawon bude ido == Karamar hukumar ta cika da wasu duwatsu da magudanan ruwa na Kogi. == Garuruwa da Kauyuka == Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, Pala, Saulawa, Rumi, Saya-saya, Kuya == Ruwa == Dam ruwan Ikara == Yan siyasa == * [[Hon. Sani Ahmed Ikara]] * Hon. Abdullahi Adamu * Hon. Tsoho Abubakar * Hon. Halliru Sambo * Hon. Tijjani Sani Paki * Hon. Gambo Lawal Auchan * Hon. Yusuf Bature Aliyu Auchan * Hon. Magaji Mudi Ikara * Hon. Alhassan Muhammad Datti * Hon. Yusuf Bala Ikara * Hon. Muhammad Dayyabu Paki * Hon. Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu * Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli shi ne Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Ikara da ke Jihar Kaduna a yanzu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f37l4pdbp1y8qp9yckx86m3nnflenb5 967588 967587 2026-10-14T15:55:53Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Noma */ 967588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ikara''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|ƙaramar hukuma]] ce (LGA) cikin [[Kaduna (jiha)|kananan hukumomi Dake Jihar Kaduna]], a arewacin [[Najeriya]], tana da kimanin kilomita(85&nbsp;km) arewa maso gabas daga birnin [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]] . Ikara ta ƙunshi kauyuka da ke tsakanin 10°2¹ zuwa 11°5¹ arewa .wadanda suka hada da : Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, da Pala. Majalisar ƙaramar hukumar na ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hon Bashir Mammman Dogon koli. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-07 |title=Kaduna LG Polls: APC humbles PDP, wins 15 chairmanship seats |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/483524-kaduna-lg-polls-apc-humbles-pdp-wins-15-chairmanship-seats.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ƙabilu == [[Hausawa]] da [[Fulani]] sune kabilu Mafi rinjaye a garin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History – Ikara Local Government Council |url=http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922125107/http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Musulunci da Kiristanci sune addinai Mafi rinjaye a garin. Alummar wannan yanki sun kasan ce manoma. Suna noma amfañin gona da suka hada da masara, gero, Wake, Waken Soya, Shinkafa, Rogo, Tumatir, Rake, da sauran kayayyakin amfanin gona da dama.<ref>Koslow, Phillip (1995). Hausaland: the Fortress Kingdom, Kingdom of Africa. New york: Chelsea House publisher.</ref> == Tarihin kafa karamar hukumar Ikara daga tsohuwar hukumar Zariya bayan gyaran kananan hukumomin da aka yi a shekarar 1976 a lokacin halitta. Ya ƙunshi gundumomin Ikara, Kubua da Makarfi. == Yanayin muhallin ɗan adam a Ikara yana samun tasiri ne sosai ta yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. An samo asali ne tun a shekara ta 1808 lokacin da [[Jukunawa|mutanen Jukun]] suka zauna a garin Ikara. Bakin haure ne da suka gudo daga Kano sakamakon ƙauracewa harin malaman Musulmi saboda kin karbar Musulunci. Sun sauka a karkashin tsaunin Ikara (Dutse Lungu) ki wani dan lokaci kadan daga baya suka sauka a wani fili kusa da dutsen. An yi imani da cewa al'ummar Jukun su ne suka kafa garin Ikara kuma suka sanya masa suna "Ikara" wanda ke nufin "bari a boye a nan" ko kuma "wuri" a [[Yarukan Jukun|yaren Jukun]]<ref>Daboh, Yusuf (1996). the pre -colonial Era of IkaraLand. kaduna.</ref> . Maguzawa mutane ne waɗanda asalin arna ne ko kuma waɗanda za su iya komawa Kiristanci daga baya a ƙarni na 20. Asalinsu maguzawa mutanen Hausa ne da aka fi samun su a yankunan Katsina, Kano da arewacin Zariya.<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBA programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref><ref>Smith, Mary (1981). The Baba of Karo: A woman of the Muslim Hause. Conn: Yale university Press.</ref> Hausawa da fulani suna kiransu da sunan “maguzawa” bayan jihadi saboda basu yarda da addinin musulunci ba amma sun ci gaba da bautar arna. Sai dai galibin wadannan mutanen da ake kira maguzawa sun koma Kirista, kuma irin wadannan ba za a iya kiransu da maguzawa a ma'anar kalmar Musulunci ta hakika ba; duk da haka sunan ya dawwama An ce fulani sun zo sun zauna a yankin ne saboda dalilai na muhalli. Bafullatani wadanda akasarinsu Bororuji(masu yawo) sun zo ikara ne saboda garin ya dace da kiwo, watakila sun nemi tserewa daga biyan harajin jangali ga sarakunan yankinsu, tare da dimbin iyali. Sai dai bisa ga al’adar baka, duk da wadannan matsugunai, ba za a iya daukar ikara a matsayin gari ba, domin babu wani takamaimai mai mulki a garin, sai a shekarar 1879, lokacin da magaji Abubakar, wanda ya fito daga garin kura, a jihar Kano. Ya tsara matsugunai zuwa gari, ya zama Hakimin kauye na farko a shekarar 1897. Shehu kwasau, sarkin zazzau (sarkin zazzau) ya nada sa a matsayin hakimin kauye mai taken “Dagachin ikara” == Tsarin Gudanarwa == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta kunshi gundumomi guda biyu wato: * gundumar Ikara * gundumar Paki Yana da sassa shida (6), wadanda su ne kamar haka. * Sashen Ma'aikata * Ma'aikatar Kudi & Supply * Sashen Ayyuka * Sashen Noma * Sashen Lafiya * Sashen Ilimi == Noma == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta dogara ne akan noma da kiwon shanu. Ikara yana da karfi rabo na aiki bisa ga shekaru da jima'i. Mazauna wannan yanki sun kasance manoma da 'yan kasuwa. Matan Ikara suna samun kudi ta hanyar sarrafa abinci da sayar da kayan abinci a gida ko kasuwanni. == Yanayi == Lokacin damina yana da zalunci kuma yana da yawa, tare da yanayin zafi daga 53&nbsp;°F zuwa 97&nbsp;°F. Yanayin zafi yana bambanta a cikin shekara, kodayake galibi a lokacin rani. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ikara Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/58577/Average-Weather-in-Ikara-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ikara, Kaduna, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/kaduna/ikara |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Atlas |first=Weather |title=Yearly & Monthly weather - Ikara, Nigeria |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/ikara-climate |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=Weather Atlas |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Matsakaicin Zazzabi === Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin rana a lokacin zafi na watanni 1.9, wanda ke gudana daga Maris 7 zuwa Mayu 4, ya haura 94&nbsp;°F. Afrilu shine watan da ya fi zafi a shekara a Ikara, tare da yanayin zafi na 96&nbsp;°F da ƙananan zafin jiki na 71&nbsp;°F. Matsakaicin yawan zafin rana a lokacin sanyi na watanni 2.8, wanda ke gudana daga Yuli 6 zuwa Satumba 29, yana ƙasa da 85&nbsp;°F. Disamba shi ne watan mafi sanyi a shekara a Ikara, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 84&nbsp;°F da ƙasan 55&nbsp;°F. <ref name=":1"/> 1/3 na matasan unguwar Ikara suna shanya tumatur, da kowane irin barkono == Ilimi == Akwai Makarantun Sakandire goma sha uku a wannan Karamar Hukuma:<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBE programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref> - * Government Science Secondary School, Ikara * Government Girls Secondary School Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Koyar da Sana'a ta Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pala * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Auchan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pakistan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Jamfalan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Malikanchi * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Danlawal * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Rumi * Ikara Comprehensive Academy (Private) * Raising Star Academy Ikara (Masu zaman kansu) * Emmanuel Nursery, Primary and Secondary School, Gidan Tanko Jamfalan (Private). Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Ikara shahararriyar makarantar sakandire ce da ke aiki a cikin garin Ikara, makarantar tana da matsayi mai girma a fannin samar da ilimi mai inganci. == Cibiyoyin Kuɗi == Akwai banki a Ikara kuma Lead way Assurance ita ce sauran cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi a Ikara LGA Financial Resources * Unity Bank Reshen Ikara * Bank of Agriculture (BOA) * Babban Bankin Najeriya * Rabon Dokokin Tarayya wanda ake karɓa kowane wata. * Ana samun kudaden shiga na ciki daga kasuwanni, manya masu haraji da wuraren shakatawa na motoci. == Hukumomin Gwamnati == * Hukumar Lantarki na Karkara (REB) * [[Ofishin Gidan Waya na Najeriya|NIPOST]] * NPC * NITEL * Hukumar Ruwa == Siffofin Geographical == Babu wani yanayi na musamman a Karamar Hukumar tana da iyaka da Karamar Hukumar Makarfi a Yamma, Soba a Kudu, Tudun Wada a Jihar Kano a Arewa. Kubau ta Kudu == Babban ofishin == Ikara, Wanda babban gari ne hedkwatar == Kayayyakin Lafiya == Akwai cikakkun cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya guda biyar da kuma asibitoci arba'in da bakwai dake cikin wannan yanki. * General Hospital, Ikara * Babban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya, Paki * Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Auchan Akwai Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya a ƙarƙashin Ikara LGs masu Cibiyoyin Lafiya huɗu da ke Ikara kanta. == Masana'antu == Kamfanin sarrafa abinci na Ikara (Tumato) == Ma'aikatar shari'a == Karamar hukumar tana da kotuna guda uku a hedkwatar Ikara, wato: * Kotun Majistare * Babbar Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Al'ada == Albarkatun Ma'adinai == * Dutse mai daraja * Adadin farar ƙasa. == Mutane == Hausawa/Fulani == Yawan jama'a == mutane 194,723 (ƙidayar 2006) == Adireshin gidan waya == PMB 1101, Ikara == Addini == Musulunci shi ne addini mafi rinjaye. == Abubuwan Shaƙatawa == Makarantu da manyan makarantu suna ba da filin wasa don wasanni da abubuwan nishaɗi a cikin LGA == Hanyar Sadarwa == Aikin gina titi ya samu kulawa a lokacin Gwamna Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi. Ana lissafta hanyoyi a kasa: * Ikara – Tashan Yari Road * Ikara – Panbeguwa Road * Anchau-Kudaru Road * Paki Kwanan Dangora Road * Hanyar Anchau- Banki- Wagaho * Ikara –Tudun Wada of Kano State Road * Kurmin Kogi-Yan Marmara Road * Ikara – Zaria Road * Ikara –Furana-Dan Lawal == Makarantar Sakandare == Akwai biyu daga cikinsu wato * Makarantar Fasaha ta Lafiya, Pambeguwa (an koma Kubau) * Cibiyar hadin gwiwa Ikara == Sarakunan Gargajiya == Hakimai na gundumomi ne ke gudanar da waɗannan yankuna. Su ne: * Gundumar Ikara * Kurmin Kogi * Gundumar Pakistan * JanFalan * Gundumar Pala == Hankalin yawon bude ido == Karamar hukumar ta cika da wasu duwatsu da magudanan ruwa na Kogi. == Garuruwa da Kauyuka == Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, Pala, Saulawa, Rumi, Saya-saya, Kuya == Ruwa == Dam ruwan Ikara == Yan siyasa == * [[Hon. Sani Ahmed Ikara]] * Hon. Abdullahi Adamu * Hon. Tsoho Abubakar * Hon. Halliru Sambo * Hon. Tijjani Sani Paki * Hon. Gambo Lawal Auchan * Hon. Yusuf Bature Aliyu Auchan * Hon. Magaji Mudi Ikara * Hon. Alhassan Muhammad Datti * Hon. Yusuf Bala Ikara * Hon. Muhammad Dayyabu Paki * Hon. Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu * Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli shi ne Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Ikara da ke Jihar Kaduna a yanzu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0hus5ieepvokdzkym3hprbss6ilosks 967589 967588 2026-10-14T15:58:41Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Sarakunan Gargajiya */ 967589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ikara''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|ƙaramar hukuma]] ce (LGA) cikin [[Kaduna (jiha)|kananan hukumomi Dake Jihar Kaduna]], a arewacin [[Najeriya]], tana da kimanin kilomita(85&nbsp;km) arewa maso gabas daga birnin [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]] . Ikara ta ƙunshi kauyuka da ke tsakanin 10°2¹ zuwa 11°5¹ arewa .wadanda suka hada da : Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, da Pala. Majalisar ƙaramar hukumar na ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hon Bashir Mammman Dogon koli. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-07 |title=Kaduna LG Polls: APC humbles PDP, wins 15 chairmanship seats |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/483524-kaduna-lg-polls-apc-humbles-pdp-wins-15-chairmanship-seats.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ƙabilu == [[Hausawa]] da [[Fulani]] sune kabilu Mafi rinjaye a garin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History – Ikara Local Government Council |url=http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922125107/http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Musulunci da Kiristanci sune addinai Mafi rinjaye a garin. Alummar wannan yanki sun kasan ce manoma. Suna noma amfañin gona da suka hada da masara, gero, Wake, Waken Soya, Shinkafa, Rogo, Tumatir, Rake, da sauran kayayyakin amfanin gona da dama.<ref>Koslow, Phillip (1995). Hausaland: the Fortress Kingdom, Kingdom of Africa. New york: Chelsea House publisher.</ref> == Tarihin kafa karamar hukumar Ikara daga tsohuwar hukumar Zariya bayan gyaran kananan hukumomin da aka yi a shekarar 1976 a lokacin halitta. Ya ƙunshi gundumomin Ikara, Kubua da Makarfi. == Yanayin muhallin ɗan adam a Ikara yana samun tasiri ne sosai ta yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. An samo asali ne tun a shekara ta 1808 lokacin da [[Jukunawa|mutanen Jukun]] suka zauna a garin Ikara. Bakin haure ne da suka gudo daga Kano sakamakon ƙauracewa harin malaman Musulmi saboda kin karbar Musulunci. Sun sauka a karkashin tsaunin Ikara (Dutse Lungu) ki wani dan lokaci kadan daga baya suka sauka a wani fili kusa da dutsen. An yi imani da cewa al'ummar Jukun su ne suka kafa garin Ikara kuma suka sanya masa suna "Ikara" wanda ke nufin "bari a boye a nan" ko kuma "wuri" a [[Yarukan Jukun|yaren Jukun]]<ref>Daboh, Yusuf (1996). the pre -colonial Era of IkaraLand. kaduna.</ref> . Maguzawa mutane ne waɗanda asalin arna ne ko kuma waɗanda za su iya komawa Kiristanci daga baya a ƙarni na 20. Asalinsu maguzawa mutanen Hausa ne da aka fi samun su a yankunan Katsina, Kano da arewacin Zariya.<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBA programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref><ref>Smith, Mary (1981). The Baba of Karo: A woman of the Muslim Hause. Conn: Yale university Press.</ref> Hausawa da fulani suna kiransu da sunan “maguzawa” bayan jihadi saboda basu yarda da addinin musulunci ba amma sun ci gaba da bautar arna. Sai dai galibin wadannan mutanen da ake kira maguzawa sun koma Kirista, kuma irin wadannan ba za a iya kiransu da maguzawa a ma'anar kalmar Musulunci ta hakika ba; duk da haka sunan ya dawwama An ce fulani sun zo sun zauna a yankin ne saboda dalilai na muhalli. Bafullatani wadanda akasarinsu Bororuji(masu yawo) sun zo ikara ne saboda garin ya dace da kiwo, watakila sun nemi tserewa daga biyan harajin jangali ga sarakunan yankinsu, tare da dimbin iyali. Sai dai bisa ga al’adar baka, duk da wadannan matsugunai, ba za a iya daukar ikara a matsayin gari ba, domin babu wani takamaimai mai mulki a garin, sai a shekarar 1879, lokacin da magaji Abubakar, wanda ya fito daga garin kura, a jihar Kano. Ya tsara matsugunai zuwa gari, ya zama Hakimin kauye na farko a shekarar 1897. Shehu kwasau, sarkin zazzau (sarkin zazzau) ya nada sa a matsayin hakimin kauye mai taken “Dagachin ikara” == Tsarin Gudanarwa == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta kunshi gundumomi guda biyu wato: * gundumar Ikara * gundumar Paki Yana da sassa shida (6), wadanda su ne kamar haka. * Sashen Ma'aikata * Ma'aikatar Kudi & Supply * Sashen Ayyuka * Sashen Noma * Sashen Lafiya * Sashen Ilimi == Noma == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta dogara ne akan noma da kiwon shanu. Ikara yana da karfi rabo na aiki bisa ga shekaru da jima'i. Mazauna wannan yanki sun kasance manoma da 'yan kasuwa. Matan Ikara suna samun kudi ta hanyar sarrafa abinci da sayar da kayan abinci a gida ko kasuwanni. == Yanayi == Lokacin damina yana da zalunci kuma yana da yawa, tare da yanayin zafi daga 53&nbsp;°F zuwa 97&nbsp;°F. Yanayin zafi yana bambanta a cikin shekara, kodayake galibi a lokacin rani. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ikara Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/58577/Average-Weather-in-Ikara-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ikara, Kaduna, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/kaduna/ikara |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Atlas |first=Weather |title=Yearly & Monthly weather - Ikara, Nigeria |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/ikara-climate |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=Weather Atlas |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Matsakaicin Zazzabi === Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin rana a lokacin zafi na watanni 1.9, wanda ke gudana daga Maris 7 zuwa Mayu 4, ya haura 94&nbsp;°F. Afrilu shine watan da ya fi zafi a shekara a Ikara, tare da yanayin zafi na 96&nbsp;°F da ƙananan zafin jiki na 71&nbsp;°F. Matsakaicin yawan zafin rana a lokacin sanyi na watanni 2.8, wanda ke gudana daga Yuli 6 zuwa Satumba 29, yana ƙasa da 85&nbsp;°F. Disamba shi ne watan mafi sanyi a shekara a Ikara, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 84&nbsp;°F da ƙasan 55&nbsp;°F. <ref name=":1"/> 1/3 na matasan unguwar Ikara suna shanya tumatur, da kowane irin barkono == Ilimi == Akwai Makarantun Sakandire goma sha uku a wannan Karamar Hukuma:<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBE programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref> - * Government Science Secondary School, Ikara * Government Girls Secondary School Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Koyar da Sana'a ta Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pala * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Auchan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pakistan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Jamfalan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Malikanchi * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Danlawal * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Rumi * Ikara Comprehensive Academy (Private) * Raising Star Academy Ikara (Masu zaman kansu) * Emmanuel Nursery, Primary and Secondary School, Gidan Tanko Jamfalan (Private). Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Ikara shahararriyar makarantar sakandire ce da ke aiki a cikin garin Ikara, makarantar tana da matsayi mai girma a fannin samar da ilimi mai inganci. == Cibiyoyin Kuɗi == Akwai banki a Ikara kuma Lead way Assurance ita ce sauran cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi a Ikara LGA Financial Resources * Unity Bank Reshen Ikara * Bank of Agriculture (BOA) * Babban Bankin Najeriya * Rabon Dokokin Tarayya wanda ake karɓa kowane wata. * Ana samun kudaden shiga na ciki daga kasuwanni, manya masu haraji da wuraren shakatawa na motoci. == Hukumomin Gwamnati == * Hukumar Lantarki na Karkara (REB) * [[Ofishin Gidan Waya na Najeriya|NIPOST]] * NPC * NITEL * Hukumar Ruwa == Siffofin Geographical == Babu wani yanayi na musamman a Karamar Hukumar tana da iyaka da Karamar Hukumar Makarfi a Yamma, Soba a Kudu, Tudun Wada a Jihar Kano a Arewa. Kubau ta Kudu == Babban ofishin == Ikara, Wanda babban gari ne hedkwatar == Kayayyakin Lafiya == Akwai cikakkun cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya guda biyar da kuma asibitoci arba'in da bakwai dake cikin wannan yanki. * General Hospital, Ikara * Babban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya, Paki * Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Auchan Akwai Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya a ƙarƙashin Ikara LGs masu Cibiyoyin Lafiya huɗu da ke Ikara kanta. == Masana'antu == Kamfanin sarrafa abinci na Ikara (Tumato) == Ma'aikatar shari'a == Karamar hukumar tana da kotuna guda uku a hedkwatar Ikara, wato: * Kotun Majistare * Babbar Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Al'ada == Albarkatun Ma'adinai == * Dutse mai daraja * Adadin farar ƙasa. == Mutane == Hausawa/Fulani == Yawan jama'a == mutane 194,723 (ƙidayar 2006) == Adireshin gidan waya == PMB 1101, Ikara == Addini == Musulunci shi ne addini mafi rinjaye. == Abubuwan Shaƙatawa == Makarantu da manyan makarantu suna ba da filin wasa don wasanni da abubuwan nishaɗi a cikin LGA == Hanyar Sadarwa == Aikin gina titi ya samu kulawa a lokacin Gwamna Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi. Ana lissafta hanyoyi a kasa: * Ikara – Tashan Yari Road * Ikara – Panbeguwa Road * Anchau-Kudaru Road * Paki Kwanan Dangora Road * Hanyar Anchau- Banki- Wagaho * Ikara –Tudun Wada of Kano State Road * Kurmin Kogi-Yan Marmara Road * Ikara – Zaria Road * Ikara –Furana-Dan Lawal == Makarantar Sakandare == Akwai biyu daga cikinsu wato * Makarantar Fasaha ta Lafiya, Pambeguwa (an koma Kubau) * Cibiyar hadin gwiwa Ikara == Sarakunan Gargajiya == Hakimai na gundumomi ne ke gudanar da waɗannan yankuna. Su ne: * Gundumar Ikara * Kurmin Kogi * Gundumar Paki * JanFalan * Gundumar Pala == Hankalin yawon bude ido == Karamar hukumar ta cika da wasu duwatsu da magudanan ruwa na Kogi. == Garuruwa da Kauyuka == Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, Pala, Saulawa, Rumi, Saya-saya, Kuya == Ruwa == Dam ruwan Ikara == Yan siyasa == * [[Hon. Sani Ahmed Ikara]] * Hon. Abdullahi Adamu * Hon. Tsoho Abubakar * Hon. Halliru Sambo * Hon. Tijjani Sani Paki * Hon. Gambo Lawal Auchan * Hon. Yusuf Bature Aliyu Auchan * Hon. Magaji Mudi Ikara * Hon. Alhassan Muhammad Datti * Hon. Yusuf Bala Ikara * Hon. Muhammad Dayyabu Paki * Hon. Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu * Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli shi ne Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Ikara da ke Jihar Kaduna a yanzu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nat5lofgf0na29h7bnjjmi4fetrhjax Kagarko 0 9036 967771 672812 2026-10-15T04:03:20Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Kujerun gargajiya. */ 967771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{hujja}} {{Databox}} [[File:62394-Leherketa Nigerian 2007an.svg|thumb|62394-Leherketa_Nigerian_2007an]] [[File:Kagarko Post Office, Kano State.jpg|thumb|Kagarko post ofis]] [[File:Open fields in Kagarko.jpg|thumb|Open fields in kagarko]] [[Fayil:Shrubs in Kagarko.jpg|thumb|Shrubs acikin kagarko]] [[File:A bridge on a flowing river.jpg|thumb|A_bridge_on_a_flowing_river]] '''Kagarko karamar''' <ref>"The Tinɔr [=Koro Waci] language of Central Nigeria and its affinities" (PDF). 20 May 2009. p. 1. Retrieved May 9, 2025.</ref>hukuma ce a jihar Kaduna, a Najeriya. Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin Kagarko. Ta mamaye yanki mai girman 2,356&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a 239,058 dangane da ƙidayar 2006. <ref>"Kaduna State of Nigeria". City Population. Retrieved September 26, 2020.</ref> Nasara Rabo ke jagorantar Ƙaramar hukumar. Lambobin tura saƙo zuwa yankin sune 802.<ref>"Kaduna LG Polls: APC humbles PDP, wins 15 chairmanship seats". 2021-09-07. Retrieved 2022-03-14.</ref><ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2009-10-20.</ref> == Iyakoki. == Karamar hukumar Kagarko (Wogon) tana da iyaka da karamar hukumar [[Kachia]] a arewa, karamar hukumar [[Jaba]] daga gabas, jihar [[Neja]] zuwa yamma da kuma [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|babban birnin tarayya Abuja]] a kudu.<ref>"Latest violence in Southern Kaduna Longest on record - Report". Premium Times Nigeria. February 12, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2020.</ref><ref>"Kaduna-State-Political-Map". VON. Retrieved August 7, 2020.</ref> == Yaruka/Kabilu. == Mutanen dai manoma ne. Mutanen Batinor (Koro) sune ke da rinjaye a yankin. Sauran sun hada da [[Fulani]], [[Gbagyi]], [[Mutanen Ham|Ham]], [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Adarawa|Adara]] . Suna aiki tukuru kuma galibi manoma, kusan kashi 70% na ginger da ake nomawa a jihar Kaduna daga Kagarko suke.<ref>Kagarko, Kaduna State, Nigeria". Retrieved September 25, 2020.</ref><ref>Tauna, Amos (November 22, 2023). "Kaduna Assembly takes over LG legislative duties, suspends eight councillors". Retrieved July 27, 2024</ref> ==Sanannun mutane a Kagarko.== #[[Nenadi Usman]]. Tsohuwar sanatan a kudancin Kaduna kuma tsohuwar ministar kuɗi #Caleb Zagi. Tsohon sanatan a kudancin Kaduna. #Muhammad Bello Umar Kagarko. Tsohon kwamishina na kana nan hukomomi kuma kwamishina na ilimi.<ref>"Kagarko Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 2023-09-10.</ref><ref>"Kagarko, Kaduna, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data". tcktcktck.org. Retrieved 2023-09-10.</ref> == Kujerun gargajiya. == Kagarko ya ƙunshi masarautu uku: # '''Masarautar Kagarko''' : Mai martaba Sarkin Kagarko Alh. Sa’ad Abubakar, mai hedikwata a Garin Kagarko; 2. '''Jere Royaldom''' : Sarkin Jere, Marigayi Dr. Sa'ad Usman (OFR) 3. '''Koro masarautar''' : Ere-Koro, Ere Yohanna Akaito (JP), mai hedikwata a Kurmin Jibril (Maraban Kubacha) ; == Manazarta. == {{Reflist}} aevy1q9j3az8k8cfqdq7si7b9tl4tts Kachia 0 9042 967769 866927 2026-10-15T04:00:41Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Tattalin Arziki */ 967769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:ECWA Church Sabon Sarki.jpg|thumb|ECWA_Church_Sabon_Sarki]] [[File:Singa roundabout-Kaduna.jpg|thumb|Singa_roundabout-Kaduna]] [[File:Malam Agwai Hall 2.jpg|thumb|Malam_Agwai_Hall_2]] [[File:Highlands in Kachia.jpg|thumb|kachia]] [[File:Cross junction at Jaban Kogo.jpg|thumb|Cross_junction_at_Jaban_Kogo]]'''Kachia''' ( Adara: '''''Akhwee''''' ) karamar hukuma ce a kudancin [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|jihar]] [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin Kachia.<ref>"Quantitative and Qualitative Appraisals of Aquifer Properties in Kachia Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria"</ref> Tana da yanki 4,570&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a cikin ƙidayar 2006. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 802.<ref>"Kaduna State of Nigeria". City Population. Retrieved September 26, 2020</ref> == Iyakoki == Karamar hukumar Kachia tana da iyaka da [[Zangon Kataf|karamar hukumar Zangon Kataf]] daga gabas, [[Kajuru|karamar hukumar Kajuru]] a arewa maso gabas, karamar hukumar [[Kagarko]] ta kudu, [[Chikun|karamar]] hukumar [[Jaba]] a kudu maso gabas, karamar hukumar Chikun daga arewa maso yamma da [[Neja|jihar Neja.]] zuwa yamma, bi da bi.<ref>"Latest violence in Southern Kaduna Longest on record - Report". Premium Times. February 12, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2020.</ref><ref>"Kaduna-State-Political-Map". Voice of Nigeria. Retrieved August 7, 2020</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin gudanarwa == Karamar hukumar Kachia ta kunshi gundumomi 12 (bangaren gudanarwa na biyu) ko yankunan zabe, wato:<ref>"Kachia, Kaduna State, Nigeria". Retrieved September 25, 2020</ref> # Agunu # Ankwa # Awon # Bishini # Dokwa # Gidan Tagwai # Gumel # Kachiya # Katari # Kurmin Musa # Kwaturu # Sabon Sarki (Ghiing) == Yawan jama'a == Karamar hukumar '''Kachia''' bisa kididdigar da aka yi a ranar 21 ga watan Maris na shekarar 2006 ta kasance 252,568. [https://citypopulation.de/php/nigeria-admin.php?adm1id=NGA019, ''Hukumar Kididdiga ta Najeriya da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Kasa''] ta yi hasashen yawanta zai kai 340,900 nan da 21 ga Maris, 2016. == Mutane == Mutanen Kachia sun hada da manya, [[Adarawa|Adara]], [[Gbagyi]] da [[Mutanen Ham|Ham]] . Sauran sun hada da: Bajju, [[Mutanen Bakulu|Bakulu]], Hausa da sauransu.<ref>"Kachia Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 2023-09-10.</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Citta itace babban amfanin gona na tattalin arziki a karamar hukumar Kachia saboda yawan amfanin gonar da ake samu a kasa. Sauran kayayyakin amfanin gona sun hada da masara, dawa, gero da waken soya. Garin Kachia kuma na daya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwa a kudancin [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] inda ’yan kasuwa kanana da matsakaitan sana’o’i daban-daban ke ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin jihar da ma kasa baki daya.<ref>"Kachia, Kaduna, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data". tcktcktck.org. Retrieved 2023-09-10.</ref> == Addini == [[Kiristanci]] ne ya fi yawan mabiya a karamar hukumar '''Kachia''' . Ana kuma yin [[Musulunci|addinin Islama]], yayin da addinin gargajiya na Afirka ke da yawan mabiya. == Fitattun mutane == * [[Martin Luther Agwai]], ma'aikatan soja == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Kaduna State}} bs351q78e3szs1hyhkmsgue9kh545fv Kubau 0 9047 967591 867251 2026-10-14T16:04:42Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Rarraba */ 967591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Kubau chamber.jpg|thumb|'''Karamar hukumar Kubau''']] [[File:Statistisch-topographische Finanz-Karte des Königreiches Boehmen.jpg|thumb|Statistisch-topographische_Finanz-Karte_des_Königreiches_Boehmen]] '''Karamar hukumar Kubau''' Tana ɗaya daga cikin [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] 23 dake [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna a]] [[Najeriya]].<ref>"Kaduna LG Polls: APC humbles PDP, wins 15 chairmanship seats". Premium Times. 7 September 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2022</ref> Tana da hedkwatarta a garin Anchau. Majalisar ƙaramar hukumar na ƙarƙashin jagorancin Bashir Zuntu. Chiyaman Hon Sabo Aminu Anchau. An kirkiro ta ne a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar [[Sani Abacha]], a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 1995, daga karamar hukumar [[Ikara]] ta yanzu. == Rarraba == Tana da gundumomin siyasa goma sha ɗaya (11), waɗanda suka haɗa da hedkwatar ƙananan hukumomi, Anchau, Pampegua, Zuntu, Dutsen-wai, Damau, Kargi, Karreh, Mah, Kubau, Haskiya, da Zaɓi. Haka kuma tana kuma da gundumomi 10 da Anchau da Kubau su ne mafi tsufa da kuma masu tasiri a cikinsu. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 811.<ref>"Kubau Local Government Area". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 21 August 2024.</ref> Karamar hukumar Kubau tana da tsoffin kauyuka kamar su Anchau, Gadas, Kuzuntu mai hedikwata a Jenau kilomita 10.&nbsp;km daga babban birnin Anchau. == Mutane == Manyan ƙabilun galibinsu Hausawa ne da Fulani. Ko da yake akwai ƙabilun baƙi kamar [[Sayanci|Sayawa]], Kurama, da sauransu amma kaɗan ne. Al’ummar Kubau LG dai galibinsu Musulmi ne a addinance, duk da cewa akwai wasu Kiristoci a wasu sassan ƙaramar hukumar.<ref>"Weather Forecast Kubau - Nigeria (Kaduna) : free 15 day weather forecasts". Weather Crave. 21 August 2024. Retrieved 21 August 2024.</ref> == Gwamnati == Hon. Mustapha Aliyu Damau shine mamba mai wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Ikara/Kubau, jihar Kaduna. == Tattalin Arziki == Ƙaramar hukumar Kubau tana da shahararriyar ''Kasuwar Anchau ta'' mako-mako (Talata) domin sayar da shanu da sauran kayan amfanin gona da dama kamar masara, wake,waken soya da dai sauransu. Wata babbar kasuwa tana mahadar garin ''Pambegua'' don siyar da kayan amfanin gona da yawa a ranar Juma'a. Sauran Kasuwan kuma su ne Kasuwar Tumatir ta ''Dutsenwai'' kasuwa ce ta zamani don siyar da kayayyakin amfanin gona da ake nomawa kamar Tumatir, kasuwar tumatur na ''Kogi'' wata kasuwa ce ta zamani da ke kan titin Anchau Dutsenwai a ƙauyen Kogi a Kuzuntu. Tana da albarkatun kasa da yawa wadanda suka hada da karafa, tin. Babban yanki ne da ake noma a jihar Kaduna, babban abin da ake nomawa shi ne rake.<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 7 October 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2009.</ref> == Ilimi == Ƙaramar hukumar Kubau tana da makarantun firamare da sakandire da dama a dukkan gundumomin ta Guda 11. Duk da haka, babu manyan cibiyoyi a yankin. == Yanki da Yawan Jama'a == Yana da yanki 2,505&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a ƙidayar 2006. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Kaduna State}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] eekyas2c7oekztctizfmwg9zv93zne6 967596 967591 2026-10-14T16:13:24Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Tattalin Arziki */ 967596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Kubau chamber.jpg|thumb|'''Karamar hukumar Kubau''']] [[File:Statistisch-topographische Finanz-Karte des Königreiches Boehmen.jpg|thumb|Statistisch-topographische_Finanz-Karte_des_Königreiches_Boehmen]] '''Karamar hukumar Kubau''' Tana ɗaya daga cikin [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] 23 dake [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna a]] [[Najeriya]].<ref>"Kaduna LG Polls: APC humbles PDP, wins 15 chairmanship seats". Premium Times. 7 September 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2022</ref> Tana da hedkwatarta a garin Anchau. Majalisar ƙaramar hukumar na ƙarƙashin jagorancin Bashir Zuntu. Chiyaman Hon Sabo Aminu Anchau. An kirkiro ta ne a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar [[Sani Abacha]], a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 1995, daga karamar hukumar [[Ikara]] ta yanzu. == Rarraba == Tana da gundumomin siyasa goma sha ɗaya (11), waɗanda suka haɗa da hedkwatar ƙananan hukumomi, Anchau, Pampegua, Zuntu, Dutsen-wai, Damau, Kargi, Karreh, Mah, Kubau, Haskiya, da Zaɓi. Haka kuma tana kuma da gundumomi 10 da Anchau da Kubau su ne mafi tsufa da kuma masu tasiri a cikinsu. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 811.<ref>"Kubau Local Government Area". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 21 August 2024.</ref> Karamar hukumar Kubau tana da tsoffin kauyuka kamar su Anchau, Gadas, Kuzuntu mai hedikwata a Jenau kilomita 10.&nbsp;km daga babban birnin Anchau. == Mutane == Manyan ƙabilun galibinsu Hausawa ne da Fulani. Ko da yake akwai ƙabilun baƙi kamar [[Sayanci|Sayawa]], Kurama, da sauransu amma kaɗan ne. Al’ummar Kubau LG dai galibinsu Musulmi ne a addinance, duk da cewa akwai wasu Kiristoci a wasu sassan ƙaramar hukumar.<ref>"Weather Forecast Kubau - Nigeria (Kaduna) : free 15 day weather forecasts". Weather Crave. 21 August 2024. Retrieved 21 August 2024.</ref> == Gwamnati == Hon. Mustapha Aliyu Damau shine mamba mai wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Ikara/Kubau, jihar Kaduna. == Tattalin Arziki == Ƙaramar hukumar Kubau tana da shahararriyar ''Kasuwar Anchau ta'' mako-mako (Talata) domin sayar da shanu da sauran kayan amfanin gona da dama kamar masara, wake,waken soya da dai sauransu. Akwai babbar kasuwa Dake kan mahadar garin ''Pambegua'' dake ci duk juma'a da ake saye siyar da kayan amfanin gona. Sauran Kasuwanin kuma sun hada da Kasuwar Tumatir ta ''Dutsenwai wacce'' kasuwa ce ta zamani.Ana hadahadar saye da Saida kayayyakin amfanin gona da ake da manoman suke nomawa.kasuwar tumatur na ''Kogi'' wata kasuwa ce ta zamani da ke kan titin Anchau Dutsenwai a ƙauyen Kogi a Kuzuntu. Tana da albarkatun kasa da yawa wadanda suka hada da karafa, tin. Babban yanki ne da ake noma a jihar Kaduna, sun shahara da noman rake .<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 7 October 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2009.</ref> == Ilimi == Ƙaramar hukumar Kubau tana da makarantun firamare da sakandire da dama a dukkan gundumomin ta Guda 11. Duk da haka, babu manyan cibiyoyi a yankin. == Yanki da Yawan Jama'a == Yana da yanki 2,505&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a ƙidayar 2006. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Kaduna State}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ln49bzcyad6bc28mdocb3br2li3e42o Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe 0 10760 967773 966134 2026-10-15T04:14:29Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* */ 967773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Agwam Fantswam II with KD Dep. Gov.jpg|thumb|sabuwa bakarabe]] [[Fayil:Agwam Fantswam II with KD Dep. Gov (cropped).jpg|thumb|Agwam fantswaem]] '''Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe''' [[Dan Nijeriya|Yar'Najeriya]] ce, kuma yar'siyasa, wanda aka zaba tazama mataimakiyar gwamnan [[Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya]]. An kuma zaɓe ta tareda da tsohon gwamna wato aamalam Nasiru Ahmad El rufa'i ra ta dubu biyu da Sha Tara 2019, karkashin jam'iyar [[All Progressive Congress|APC]].<ref>[https://www.blueprint.ng/2019-which-way-southern-kaduna "2019, Which way Southern Kaduna?"] ''[[Blueprint]]'' Retrieved 28 February, 2019.</ref><ref>Aza MSUE. [https://www.leadership.ng/2019/03/12/deputy-governor-elect-hadiza-balarabe-chairs-kaduna-transition-commitee "Duputy Governor-elect Hadiza Balarabe Chairs Transition Committee 2019"]{{Dead link|date=October 2022|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} ''[[Leadership_(newspaper)]]'' Kaduna State. Retrieved 12 March 2019</ref><ref>https://ng.opera.news/tags/aGFkaXphLXNhYnV3YS1iYWxhcmFiZS1oYWRpemE={{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/politics/8af9b04b39cc9349e72837ad0d937d03{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2019, a matsayinta na mataimakiya gwamna, ta gabatar da kasafin kudin sabuwar shekara ta 2020 na gwamnatin jihar Kaduna a gaban [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kaduna|majalisar dokokin jihar]] [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta taba yin hakan a [[Arewacin Najeriya]].<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/357818-for-the-record-full-speech-by-kaduna-acting-governor-on-presentation-of-2020-budget.html</ref><ref>https://dailypost.ng/2020/04/23/kaduna-deputy-governor-hadiza-balarabe-warns-public-against-internet-scammers/</ref> A shekarar 2022, ta yi burin tsayawa takarar gwamna a zaben 2023 amma ta janye, aka zabe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar dan takarar jam’iyyar APC, Sanata [[Uba Sani]].<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/kaduna-guber-uba-sani-announces-hadiza-balarabe-deputy-governor-as-running-mate</ref><ref>https://www.blueprint.ng/the-making-of-nigerias-first-female-governor/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221211851/https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |archive-date=2023-02-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2023, an sake zabar ta a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamna. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Balarabe haifaffiyar gidan Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe ne a karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] ta jihar [[Kaduna]]. Ta halarci makarantar ‘yan mata ta Soba don yin karatun sakandare, sannan ta samu admission a babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri|Jami’ar Maiduguri]] inda ta yi karatun likitanci sannan ta kammala MBBS a 1986.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ daga asali https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/</ref> == Farkon Rayuwa da Ilimi == An haifi Hadiza Balarabe a cikin iyalin Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe da ke yankin karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] na [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] . Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Duniyar, Kagoro, Jihar Kaduna a 1977 inda ta sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a 1982, <ref name=":0"/> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita [[Musulmi]] ce. An haifi Hadiza Balarabe a cikin iyalin Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe da ke yankin karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] na [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] . Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Duniyar, Kagoro,A Jihar Kaduna a shekarar alif 1977 inda ta sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a shekarar alif 1982, <ref name=":0"/> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a shekarar alif 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita [[Musulmi]] ce. An haifi Hadiza Balarabe a cikin iyalin Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe da ke yankin karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] na [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] . Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Duniyar, Kagoro,A Jihar Kaduna a shekarar alif 1977 inda ta sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a shekarar alif 1982, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Ngozi Odu, Hadiza Balarabe, Patricia Obila and oda women wey be Deputy govnors for Nigeria |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c519336n1wdo |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a shekarar alif 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita [[Musulmi]] ce. == Political Career == A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 2019, a matsayin mukaddashin gwamna,ta gabatar da kasafin kudin Sabuntawa na Gwamnatin Jihar Kaduna na shekarar 2020 ga Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kadun, don haka ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi hakan a [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]]. A cikin shekarar 2022, tayi farin ciki da yin takara a matsayin gwamna a lokacin [[Zaben Najeriya na 2023|Babban zaben 2023]] amma ta janye kuma an zaba ta a matsayin abokin takara ga All Progressives Congress, dan takarar yarjejeniyar APC, Sanata [[Uba Sani]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-07 |title=Top 5 influential female politicians in Nigeria you may not know |url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=NewsWireNGR |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221211851/https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |archive-date=2023-02-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> .A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, an sake zabar ta mataimakiyar gwamna. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}}{{reflist}} {{Stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Balarabe, Hadiza Sabuwa}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan siyasa]] rm2a7z66fzxbi2aqszlimwx4m17766d 967774 967773 2026-10-15T04:15:35Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* */ 967774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Agwam Fantswam II with KD Dep. Gov.jpg|thumb|sabuwa bakarabe]] [[Fayil:Agwam Fantswam II with KD Dep. Gov (cropped).jpg|thumb|Agwam fantswaem]] '''Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe''' [[Dan Nijeriya|Yar'Najeriya]] ce, kuma yar'siyasa, wanda aka zaba tazama mataimakiyar gwamnan [[Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya]]. An kuma zaɓe ta tareda da tsohon gwamna wato malam Nasiru Ahmad El rufa'i ra ta dubu biyu da Sha Tara 2019, karkashin jam'iyar [[All Progressive Congress|APC]].<ref>[https://www.blueprint.ng/2019-which-way-southern-kaduna "2019, Which way Southern Kaduna?"] ''[[Blueprint]]'' Retrieved 28 February, 2019.</ref><ref>Aza MSUE. [https://www.leadership.ng/2019/03/12/deputy-governor-elect-hadiza-balarabe-chairs-kaduna-transition-commitee "Duputy Governor-elect Hadiza Balarabe Chairs Transition Committee 2019"]{{Dead link|date=October 2022|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} ''[[Leadership_(newspaper)]]'' Kaduna State. Retrieved 12 March 2019</ref><ref>https://ng.opera.news/tags/aGFkaXphLXNhYnV3YS1iYWxhcmFiZS1oYWRpemE={{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/politics/8af9b04b39cc9349e72837ad0d937d03{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2019, a matsayinta na mataimakiya gwamna, ta gabatar da kasafin kudin sabuwar shekara ta 2020 na gwamnatin jihar Kaduna a gaban [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kaduna|majalisar dokokin jihar]] [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta taba yin hakan a [[Arewacin Najeriya]].<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/357818-for-the-record-full-speech-by-kaduna-acting-governor-on-presentation-of-2020-budget.html</ref><ref>https://dailypost.ng/2020/04/23/kaduna-deputy-governor-hadiza-balarabe-warns-public-against-internet-scammers/</ref> A shekarar 2022, ta yi burin tsayawa takarar gwamna a zaben 2023 amma ta janye, aka zabe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar dan takarar jam’iyyar APC, Sanata [[Uba Sani]].<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/kaduna-guber-uba-sani-announces-hadiza-balarabe-deputy-governor-as-running-mate</ref><ref>https://www.blueprint.ng/the-making-of-nigerias-first-female-governor/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221211851/https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |archive-date=2023-02-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2023, an sake zabar ta a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamna. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Balarabe haifaffiyar gidan Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe ne a karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] ta jihar [[Kaduna]]. Ta halarci makarantar ‘yan mata ta Soba don yin karatun sakandare, sannan ta samu admission a babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri|Jami’ar Maiduguri]] inda ta yi karatun likitanci sannan ta kammala MBBS a 1986.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ daga asali https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/</ref> == Farkon Rayuwa da Ilimi == An haifi Hadiza Balarabe a cikin iyalin Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe da ke yankin karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] na [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] . Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Duniyar, Kagoro, Jihar Kaduna a 1977 inda ta sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a 1982, <ref name=":0"/> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita [[Musulmi]] ce. An haifi Hadiza Balarabe a cikin iyalin Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe da ke yankin karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] na [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] . Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Duniyar, Kagoro,A Jihar Kaduna a shekarar alif 1977 inda ta sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a shekarar alif 1982, <ref name=":0"/> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a shekarar alif 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita [[Musulmi]] ce. An haifi Hadiza Balarabe a cikin iyalin Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe da ke yankin karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] na [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] . Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Duniyar, Kagoro,A Jihar Kaduna a shekarar alif 1977 inda ta sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a shekarar alif 1982, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Ngozi Odu, Hadiza Balarabe, Patricia Obila and oda women wey be Deputy govnors for Nigeria |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c519336n1wdo |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a shekarar alif 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita [[Musulmi]] ce. == Political Career == A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 2019, a matsayin mukaddashin gwamna,ta gabatar da kasafin kudin Sabuntawa na Gwamnatin Jihar Kaduna na shekarar 2020 ga Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kadun, don haka ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi hakan a [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]]. A cikin shekarar 2022, tayi farin ciki da yin takara a matsayin gwamna a lokacin [[Zaben Najeriya na 2023|Babban zaben 2023]] amma ta janye kuma an zaba ta a matsayin abokin takara ga All Progressives Congress, dan takarar yarjejeniyar APC, Sanata [[Uba Sani]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-07 |title=Top 5 influential female politicians in Nigeria you may not know |url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=NewsWireNGR |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221211851/https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |archive-date=2023-02-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> .A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, an sake zabar ta mataimakiyar gwamna. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}}{{reflist}} {{Stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Balarabe, Hadiza Sabuwa}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan siyasa]] llkg7wodqmctoe9clar8eqt8lr9red2 967776 967774 2026-10-15T04:18:06Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Tarihin Rayuwa */ 967776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Agwam Fantswam II with KD Dep. Gov.jpg|thumb|sabuwa bakarabe]] [[Fayil:Agwam Fantswam II with KD Dep. Gov (cropped).jpg|thumb|Agwam fantswaem]] '''Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe''' [[Dan Nijeriya|Yar'Najeriya]] ce, kuma yar'siyasa, wanda aka zaba tazama mataimakiyar gwamnan [[Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya]]. An kuma zaɓe ta tareda da tsohon gwamna wato malam Nasiru Ahmad El rufa'i ra ta dubu biyu da Sha Tara 2019, karkashin jam'iyar [[All Progressive Congress|APC]].<ref>[https://www.blueprint.ng/2019-which-way-southern-kaduna "2019, Which way Southern Kaduna?"] ''[[Blueprint]]'' Retrieved 28 February, 2019.</ref><ref>Aza MSUE. [https://www.leadership.ng/2019/03/12/deputy-governor-elect-hadiza-balarabe-chairs-kaduna-transition-commitee "Duputy Governor-elect Hadiza Balarabe Chairs Transition Committee 2019"]{{Dead link|date=October 2022|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} ''[[Leadership_(newspaper)]]'' Kaduna State. Retrieved 12 March 2019</ref><ref>https://ng.opera.news/tags/aGFkaXphLXNhYnV3YS1iYWxhcmFiZS1oYWRpemE={{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/politics/8af9b04b39cc9349e72837ad0d937d03{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2019, a matsayinta na mataimakiya gwamna, ta gabatar da kasafin kudin sabuwar shekara ta 2020 na gwamnatin jihar Kaduna a gaban [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kaduna|majalisar dokokin jihar]] [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta taba yin hakan a [[Arewacin Najeriya]].<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/357818-for-the-record-full-speech-by-kaduna-acting-governor-on-presentation-of-2020-budget.html</ref><ref>https://dailypost.ng/2020/04/23/kaduna-deputy-governor-hadiza-balarabe-warns-public-against-internet-scammers/</ref> A shekarar 2022, ta yi burin tsayawa takarar gwamna a zaben 2023 amma ta janye, aka zabe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar dan takarar jam’iyyar APC, Sanata [[Uba Sani]].<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/kaduna-guber-uba-sani-announces-hadiza-balarabe-deputy-governor-as-running-mate</ref><ref>https://www.blueprint.ng/the-making-of-nigerias-first-female-governor/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221211851/https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |archive-date=2023-02-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2023, an sake zabar ta a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamna. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Hadiza haifaffiyar gidan Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe ne a karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] ta jihar [[Kaduna]]. Ta Yi karatu a makarantar ‘yan mata ta Dake Soba, sannan ta samu admission a babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri|Jami’ar Maiduguri]] inda ta yi karatun likitanci sannan ta kammala MBBS a 1986.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ daga asali https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/</ref> == Farkon Rayuwa da Ilimi == An haifi Hadiza Balarabe a cikin iyalin Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe da ke yankin karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] na [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] . Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Duniyar, Kagoro, Jihar Kaduna a 1977 inda ta sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a 1982, <ref name=":0"/> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita [[Musulmi]] ce. An haifi Hadiza Balarabe a cikin iyalin Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe da ke yankin karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] na [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] . Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Duniyar, Kagoro,A Jihar Kaduna a shekarar alif 1977 inda ta sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a shekarar alif 1982, <ref name=":0"/> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a shekarar alif 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita [[Musulmi]] ce. An haifi Hadiza Balarabe a cikin iyalin Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe da ke yankin karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] na [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] . Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Duniyar, Kagoro,A Jihar Kaduna a shekarar alif 1977 inda ta sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a shekarar alif 1982, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Ngozi Odu, Hadiza Balarabe, Patricia Obila and oda women wey be Deputy govnors for Nigeria |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c519336n1wdo |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a shekarar alif 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita [[Musulmi]] ce. == Political Career == A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 2019, a matsayin mukaddashin gwamna,ta gabatar da kasafin kudin Sabuntawa na Gwamnatin Jihar Kaduna na shekarar 2020 ga Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kadun, don haka ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi hakan a [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]]. A cikin shekarar 2022, tayi farin ciki da yin takara a matsayin gwamna a lokacin [[Zaben Najeriya na 2023|Babban zaben 2023]] amma ta janye kuma an zaba ta a matsayin abokin takara ga All Progressives Congress, dan takarar yarjejeniyar APC, Sanata [[Uba Sani]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-07 |title=Top 5 influential female politicians in Nigeria you may not know |url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=NewsWireNGR |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221211851/https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |archive-date=2023-02-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> .A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, an sake zabar ta mataimakiyar gwamna. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}}{{reflist}} {{Stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Balarabe, Hadiza Sabuwa}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan siyasa]] fe3ddzmpmohu7lsrqmjr65zljpcugvr 967777 967776 2026-10-15T04:20:32Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Farkon Rayuwa da Ilimi */ 967777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Agwam Fantswam II with KD Dep. Gov.jpg|thumb|sabuwa bakarabe]] [[Fayil:Agwam Fantswam II with KD Dep. Gov (cropped).jpg|thumb|Agwam fantswaem]] '''Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe''' [[Dan Nijeriya|Yar'Najeriya]] ce, kuma yar'siyasa, wanda aka zaba tazama mataimakiyar gwamnan [[Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya]]. An kuma zaɓe ta tareda da tsohon gwamna wato malam Nasiru Ahmad El rufa'i ra ta dubu biyu da Sha Tara 2019, karkashin jam'iyar [[All Progressive Congress|APC]].<ref>[https://www.blueprint.ng/2019-which-way-southern-kaduna "2019, Which way Southern Kaduna?"] ''[[Blueprint]]'' Retrieved 28 February, 2019.</ref><ref>Aza MSUE. [https://www.leadership.ng/2019/03/12/deputy-governor-elect-hadiza-balarabe-chairs-kaduna-transition-commitee "Duputy Governor-elect Hadiza Balarabe Chairs Transition Committee 2019"]{{Dead link|date=October 2022|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} ''[[Leadership_(newspaper)]]'' Kaduna State. Retrieved 12 March 2019</ref><ref>https://ng.opera.news/tags/aGFkaXphLXNhYnV3YS1iYWxhcmFiZS1oYWRpemE={{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/politics/8af9b04b39cc9349e72837ad0d937d03{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2019, a matsayinta na mataimakiya gwamna, ta gabatar da kasafin kudin sabuwar shekara ta 2020 na gwamnatin jihar Kaduna a gaban [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kaduna|majalisar dokokin jihar]] [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta taba yin hakan a [[Arewacin Najeriya]].<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/357818-for-the-record-full-speech-by-kaduna-acting-governor-on-presentation-of-2020-budget.html</ref><ref>https://dailypost.ng/2020/04/23/kaduna-deputy-governor-hadiza-balarabe-warns-public-against-internet-scammers/</ref> A shekarar 2022, ta yi burin tsayawa takarar gwamna a zaben 2023 amma ta janye, aka zabe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar dan takarar jam’iyyar APC, Sanata [[Uba Sani]].<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/kaduna-guber-uba-sani-announces-hadiza-balarabe-deputy-governor-as-running-mate</ref><ref>https://www.blueprint.ng/the-making-of-nigerias-first-female-governor/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221211851/https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |archive-date=2023-02-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2023, an sake zabar ta a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamna. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Hadiza haifaffiyar gidan Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe ne a karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] ta jihar [[Kaduna]]. Ta Yi karatu a makarantar ‘yan mata ta Dake Soba, sannan ta samu admission a babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri|Jami’ar Maiduguri]] inda ta yi karatun likitanci sannan ta kammala MBBS a 1986.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ daga asali https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/</ref> == Farkon Rayuwa da Ilimi == An haifi Hadiza Balarabe a cikin iyalin Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe da ke yankin karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] na [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] . Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Duniyar, Kagoro, Jihar Kaduna a 1977 inda ta sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a 1982, <ref name=":0"/> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita [[Musulmi]] ce. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a shekarar alif 1982, <ref name=":0" /> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a shekarar alif 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> An haifi Hadiza Balarabe a cikin iyalin Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe da ke yankin karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] na [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] . Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Duniyar, Kagoro,A Jihar Kaduna a shekarar alif 1977 inda ta sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a shekarar alif 1982, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Ngozi Odu, Hadiza Balarabe, Patricia Obila and oda women wey be Deputy govnors for Nigeria |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c519336n1wdo |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a shekarar alif 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita [[Musulmi]] ce. == Political Career == A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 2019, a matsayin mukaddashin gwamna,ta gabatar da kasafin kudin Sabuntawa na Gwamnatin Jihar Kaduna na shekarar 2020 ga Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kadun, don haka ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi hakan a [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]]. A cikin shekarar 2022, tayi farin ciki da yin takara a matsayin gwamna a lokacin [[Zaben Najeriya na 2023|Babban zaben 2023]] amma ta janye kuma an zaba ta a matsayin abokin takara ga All Progressives Congress, dan takarar yarjejeniyar APC, Sanata [[Uba Sani]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-07 |title=Top 5 influential female politicians in Nigeria you may not know |url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=NewsWireNGR |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221211851/https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |archive-date=2023-02-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> .A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, an sake zabar ta mataimakiyar gwamna. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}}{{reflist}} {{Stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Balarabe, Hadiza Sabuwa}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan siyasa]] 4czaewbfjxep7m1sc6m9i14za4n2s46 Kofa:Zamantakewa 0 11604 967829 896664 2026-10-15T11:15:23Z Maiakwai4u 37986 967829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ==Zamantakewa== [[File:Family Ransome Kuti c1940.jpg|thumb|Zamtakewa]] '''Zamantakewa,''' na nufin tarayyan stakani [[ɗan Adam|ɗan adam]] wato [[mutane]], da ƴan uwan su, abokan su dakuma amina su, daga lokacin da mutum yake cikin ƙuruciyar sa har zuwa girmansa, ko stufan sa. Zamantakewa na farawa ne daga kuruciyan yaro ko yazama mai jin magana ko kuma mara jin magana, Sannan ya shiga samartaka har zuwa dattijantakansa, Alaƙan mutum da sauran ƴan uwanshi ne ke nuna cikakkiyar ɗabi'ar sa, yayin da yake ma'amalantar mutane ta hanyoyin magana da kuma aiki. ==Wayewa== [[File:Demonstrant proti homosexualite.jpg|thumb|wayayyu]] Kalmar '''wayewa'''<ref>https://kamus.com.ng/hausa/display.php?action=show&word=wayewa</ref> ta samo asali ne daga kalmar “Wayau” akan cewa mutane wayayyu ne kaɗai idan ya iya shiga cikin al’umma daban-daban masu banbancin halayya, ɗabi’u da kuma al’adu, ya shiga cikinsu ya zauna lafiya ba tare da wata hatsaniya ba, kuma suka ji daɗin zama da shi. Ma’ana yanada ɗabi'ar da zai iya tafiyar da su a bi sa tunaninsu da hangen nesan su ba tare da wata damuwa ba. Akan cewa mutum wayeyye ne idan ya iya sarrafa duk wani abunda yazo gaba gareshi ,ko kuma haduwa da mutane maban bantun ƙabilu ko yare. Misali mutum ya zauna cikin [[hausawa]] ko wata kabila daban, ko yarbawa, ko inyamurai, kuma alhali a cikinsu akwai mugaye da nagari da macuta da 'yan iska da masu hali mai kyau ko a kasin haka, yana a matsayin ɗan kasuwa, ko dan bokko, batare da ɗaya daga cikinsu ya iya cutar da shi ba, ko shi ya cuce da suba, Kuma yana mai kyautata mu’amalarshi dasu, kuma suma suna masu kyautata mu’amalar su da shi Wannan shi ake cema Zamantakewa ko wayewa, ko ace ma mutum ya waye. Mutum yana zama wayeyye ne ta hanyar saukin fahimtar sa da kuma yawan adadin mutane ko wuraren da ya taba mu'amalanta ko shiga<ref><nowiki>https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayewa</nowiki></ref> ==Rukunnan wayewa. == *[[File:Santorin (GR), Fira -- 2017 -- 2598.jpg|thumb|Zama waje daya domin tattauna mahimman abubuwa ko wani abunda ke damun su]]Mu’amala tattausar: zamantakewa na wayewa na buƙatar tattausar mu’amala tsakaninka da kowa yayin cuɗanya dasu, amman kada ya kasance mutum yayi sanyi da yawa ta yanda kowa zai raina shi. Idan kana mu’amala karinga tattausawa, in aka tsananta maka na farko ka maida tattausan mu’amala har sai in an tsananta ne sai ka nuna tsayuwan dakan ka, domin kar a raina ka ko kuma a cuce ka. *Magana mai daɗi: Zamantakewa ta wayewa na buƙatar yin Magana mai taushi da daɗin ji a gurin kowa. In kana ma [[mutane]] Magana mai kyau zasu dinga son mu’amala da kai domin sunsan cewa zasu ji daɗi a yayin Magana da kai kuma baza su ji haushi ko baƙin ciki ko ko farinciki Idan mutum ya iya Magana da mu’amala mai kyau to iya wannan ma kaɗai ya wadatar da shi a zamantakewa. A ƙaurace ma yawan zagi da batsa, domin hakan ba wayewa ba ne kuma yana jawo zubewar mutunci. *Sutura mai rufe tsiraici da tsafta: Zamantakewa ta wayewa na buƙatar sanya kaya masu kyau, ba lallai sai suna da tsada ba, indai suna da tsafta to ya wadatar in kuma akwai hali a iya a siya masu tsadan, amman almubazzaranci da kuɗi koda kaya ba wayewa bane illa rashinta. Sannan a ringa ƙaurace ma yawan sa kayan da suka tsufa, domin hakan na kawo raini da ƙasƙanci, *Ilimi na Zamantakewa da na addini :zamantakewa ta wayewa na bukatar ilimi mai dunbin yawa na Zamantakewa dana boko dana addini. Idan mutum ya samu ilimi to yana kaiwa makura a fannnin wayewa, ta yanda baza’a a iya taba shi ba ta kowane fuska *Nuna soyayya da boye kiyayya *Yawan tunani da nazari ==Akasin wayewa== [[File:My village market.jpg|thumb|Yadda akasha wahala a baya kenan saboda rashin wayewa a duniya kafin zuwan yanzun]] Akasin wayewa na nufin [[Ƙauyanci]] ko [[gidadanci]] ko [[Iskanci|tumasanci]] Mutum yakan rasa wayewa ne idan bai iya zama da wasu mutane wanda bana yankinshi ba, ko ba al’adarsu ɗaya ba, ko ba ɗabi’ar su ɗaya ba, ko [[Addini]]. Kowanne Yare, addini, jinsin mutane, masu ilimi da mara sa ilimi na ganin cewa sun waye a cikin zuƙatan su da maganarsu da suturarsu da halayyarsu. Kuma haka al’amarin yake. amman inda matsalar take shine, a cikin dukkan jinsin mutanen da muka irga akwai wayayyu sannan kuma akwai gidadawa. *Misali akan wayayyu daga kowanne jinsi. *Bahaushe dan boko”:- Idan dan boko ya iya shiga mai kyau na ƙananan kaya, kuma ya iya Magana da mu’amala da waɗanda ba ƴan boko ba, Kaman misalin almajirai (ba masu bara ba) ɗalibai a musulunci da sauran jinsin mutanen gari. Ya mu’amalance su ma’amala mai kyau a fannin Magana da ɗabi’a To za’a ce masa ya waye kenan. Amman idan yayi tunanin cewa yan boko ne kaɗai suka waye, saboda haka bazai yi mu’amala da wasu ba sai yan boko to bai waye ba a cikin al’umma. *Ustazu ɗan islamiyya” Idan ustazu ya iya shiga mai kyau na manyan kaya, kuma ya iya Magana da mu’amala da wadanda ba ustazai ba, Kaman misalin Yan boko da sauran jinsin mutanen gari. Ya ma’amalance su mu’amala mai kyau a fannin Magana da dabi’a, to za’a ce masa yawaye kenan. Amman idan yayi tunanin cewa ustazai yan uwansa ne kadai suka iya Magana kuma suke da hali mai kyau, saboda haka bazai iya mu’amala da wasu ba sai ustazai to bai waye ba a cikin al’umma. ==Abin lura== Duk wanda yayi tunanin cewa jinsin da yake sha’awa ne kaɗai suka waye to bai waye ba. Sannan iskanci ko bariki ba wayewa ba ne, ana kiranta da “Rashin wayewa” misali:- Karuwai da mashaya da yan-daba na wannnan zamanin sun ƙara halaka a cikin gidadanci ta hanyar tunanin cewa indai baka mu’amala da mata a fannin zina ko shaye-shaye, ko karinga nuna cewa kai mai ƙarfi ne indai hakan kayi ba to baka waye ba kwata-kwata. In suka zo cikin waɗanda basa aikata irin abinda suke aikatawa, sai su kasa zama dasu har su ce musu basu waye ba, suna kallan yan boko, da ustazai, da ma’aurata, da yan son zaman lafiya gidadawa. Alhali har yau babu wata ƙasa a duniya da aka taɓa samun karuwai ko mashaya ko yan daba wanda suka zama shahararrun mutunen arziƙi ba. Hasali ma sun manta da cewa karuwanci da iskanci da dabanci duk akan sune ake saka doka a sassan duniya domin kawar da su. == Manazarta == n7ghjqzqngafy5tysknpxdcjhcrhezm Uhunoma Osazuwa 0 15796 967562 967464 2026-10-14T14:12:36Z Baby juuu 38856 967562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Aminat Olowora of Nigeria at the 2018 African Athletics Championships.jpg|thumb|yar Nigeria a wurin athletics]] '''Uhunoma Naomi Osazuwa''' (An haife ta a watan[[Nuwamba]] 23, a shekara ta alif 1987 a Oakland, [[California]] <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418084514/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/os/uhunoma-osazuwa-1.html Uhunoma Osazuwa]. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2013-06-19.</ref> ) ƴar tseren guje-guje ce da tsalle-tsalle ta [[Nijeriya]] da ke gasa a cikin heptathlon . Ta wakilci [[Najeriya]] a gasar wasannin bazara ta shekarar 2012 amma ta kasa kammala gasar bayan ɗaukar maki a wasanni biyar. Ta cancanci zuwa gasar Rio Olympics a shekarar 2016 a cikin heptathlon, inda ta ƙare a matsayi na 29.<ref>[https://www.tfrrs.org/athletes/1218547/Syracuse/Uhunoma_Osazuwa.html Syracuse Uhunoma Osazuwa] tfrrs.org. Retrieved on August 4, 2016.</ref><ref>[http://cuse.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=7110 Uhunoma Osazuwa - 2009-10 Track and Field - Syracuse's first All-American pentathlete]. cuse.com. Retrieved on August 4, 2016.</ref> Tana da digirgiri a fannin haɗa magunguna a 2014 daga Jami'ar Michigan College of Pharmacy.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLVLI6HmhDI</ref> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗin waje== * [https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/nigeria/uhunoma-osazuwa-254563 Bayanin] IAAF na [https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/nigeria/uhunoma-osazuwa-254563 Uhunoma Osazuwa] [[Category: Haifaffun 1987]] [[Category:Ƴan tsere a Najeriya]] 281i1hag8y8ldwr6t6ww4htr8pxq7dp 967564 967562 2026-10-14T14:13:35Z Baby juuu 38856 967564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Aminat Olowora of Nigeria at the 2018 African Athletics Championships.jpg|thumb|yar Nigeria a wurin athletics]] '''Uhunoma Naomi Osazuwa''' (An haife ta a watan [[Nuwamba]] 23, a shekara ta alif 1987 a Oakland, [[California]] <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418084514/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/os/uhunoma-osazuwa-1.html Uhunoma Osazuwa]. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2013-06-19.</ref> ) ƴar tseren guje-guje ce da tsalle-tsalle ta [[Nijeriya]] da ke gasa a cikin heptathlon . Ta wakilci [[Najeriya]] a gasar wasannin bazara ta shekarar 2012 amma ta kasa kammala gasar bayan ɗaukar maki a wasanni biyar. Ta cancanci zuwa gasar Rio Olympics a shekarar 2016 a cikin heptathlon, inda ta ƙare a matsayi na 29.<ref>[https://www.tfrrs.org/athletes/1218547/Syracuse/Uhunoma_Osazuwa.html Syracuse Uhunoma Osazuwa] tfrrs.org. Retrieved on August 4, 2016.</ref><ref>[http://cuse.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=7110 Uhunoma Osazuwa - 2009-10 Track and Field - Syracuse's first All-American pentathlete]. cuse.com. Retrieved on August 4, 2016.</ref> Tana da digirgiri a fannin haɗa magunguna a 2014 daga Jami'ar Michigan College of Pharmacy.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLVLI6HmhDI</ref> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗin waje== * [https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/nigeria/uhunoma-osazuwa-254563 Bayanin] IAAF na [https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/nigeria/uhunoma-osazuwa-254563 Uhunoma Osazuwa] [[Category: Haifaffun 1987]] [[Category:Ƴan tsere a Najeriya]] pjhctv67ea9jbwfvo6b3iec1r9lz7ps Mansura Isah 0 17352 967800 538769 2026-10-15T09:19:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{merge|Mansura Isa}} {{hujja}}{{databox}} '''Mansura Isah''' tsohuwa kuma shahararriyar jaruma a [[Kannywood]] kuma Darakta ce, wace ta yi shura a shekarun baya ,an haifeta a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, ita kanwarta mai suna Maryam Isa itama wacce ta ke jaruma a [[kannywood]] wacce ita ma shahararriyar 'yar fim ce. Mansura Isah kyakkyawar jaruma doguwa kuma yar baiwa, wacce ta fara aiki a matsayin mai daukar bidiyo ta mata ta farko a Kannywood kafin daga baya ta tsindima cikin wasan kwaikwayo a karshen shekarun Mansura tana tsaka da cin kasuwar ta sai aka ji zata yi aure a shekarar 2007 da shahararren jarumi [[Sani Musa Danja]] Sun haifi ƴaƴan su huɗu, Khadijatul Iman, Khalifa Sani, Yakubu da Yusuf. Mansura haifaffiyar garin Kano ce. ==Sana'ar fim== Mansura ta taka rawa a finafinai da yawa kamar 'Yan Mata da Gurnani da Jurumai da Zazzabi da Turaka da sauransu. Mansura Isah ita ce ta kirkiro gidauniyar 'Toay's Life Foundation' sannan kuma ta fi mayar da hankali a kan rubuta fina-finai ga furodusoshi wadanda ke biyanta. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} https://www.360dopes.com/mansura-isah-biography-and-pictures/ {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{[[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 7ahdm2v2blm7pktxrz4nn2aedr67e0l Mahmood Ali-Balogun 0 17558 967724 911076 2026-10-15T00:06:52Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347143205|Mahmood Ali-Balogun]]" 967724 wikitext text/x-wiki   Mahmood Ali-Balogun ((listenⓘ)) ɗan fim ne na Najeriya, ma'aikacin al'adu kuma manajan darektan Brickhouse Media . [1] Ya ba da umarnin fim din 'Tango With Me' wanda ya lashe lambar yabo da yawa.[2] Shi ne Shugaban kungiyar Audio Visual Rights Society (AVRS) na Najeriya == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Mahmood Ali-Balogun a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 1959 <ref name="About The Director">{{Cite web |title=About The Director |url=http://www.africanfilmny.org/2013/mahmood-ali-balogun/ |access-date=10 August 2015 |website=African Film Festival Inc. |ref=3}}</ref> kuma ya girma a Arewacin Najeriya. <ref name="theguardianlifemagazine.blogspot.com">{{Cite web |title=STAR ACTOR: Behold Elder Ali Balogun |url=http://theguardianlifemagazine.blogspot.com/2009/08/star-actor-behold-elder-ali-balogun.html |access-date=10 August 2015 |website=The Guardian Life Magazine |ref=4}}</ref> Shi Alumnus ne na [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo|Jami'ar Ife]], yanzu [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] inda ya yi karatun Dramatic Arts na musamman a fim da samar da talabijin. Ayyukan Mahmood sun samo asali ne a cikin shekaru daga kasancewa ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, zuwa darektan, <ref name="Tango with me: A movie phenomenon" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Mahmood Ali-Balogun - Filmography |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/1620286/Mahmood-Ali-Balogun/filmography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307094225/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/1620286/Mahmood-Ali-Balogun/filmography |archive-date=2016-03-07 |website=[[The New York Times]] |publisher=[[Baseline (database)|Baseline]] & [[All Movie Guide]] |ref=6}}</ref> furodusa, <ref name="Tango with me: A movie phenomenon" /> shugaban masana'antu, <ref name="Tango with me: A movie phenomenon" /> [4] mai ba da shawara kan fina-finai [3] da jakada a masana'antar yin fina-fakka.<ref name="2014 Jury">{{Cite web |title=2014 Jury |url=http://afriff.com/2014-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810124052/http://afriff.com/2014-2/ |archive-date=10 August 2015 |access-date=10 August 2015 |website=Africa International Film Festival (AFRIFF) |ref=10}}</ref><ref name="Mahmood Ali-Balogun">{{Cite web |title=Mahmood Ali-Balogun |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3123654/ |website=www.imdb.com |publisher=IMDb |ref=9}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 1999 Mahmood ya kuma ba da umarnin shirye-shiryen da suka lashe lambar yabo guda shida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahmood Ali-Balogun |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3123654/bio |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=IMDb |language=en}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Takardun sarauta !Sashe !Matsayi |- |1983 |Wasan Ola Rotimi, "Idan..Wani bala'i na Sarauta" <ref name="theguardianlifemagazine.blogspot.com" /> |Fim din |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |- |1999 |Wurin da ake kira Gida <ref name="2014 Jury" /> |Fim din |Daraktan |- |2002 |Cinikin yara da mata - Sabon Bautar <ref name="2014 Jury" /> |Hotuna |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2003 |'Temi ni Toto' |Fim din gida na Yoruba |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2003 |Rashin Muhalli A Najeriya |Hotuna |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2005 |Collage na Al'adu (Japan) |Hotuna |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2005 |Dance Of The Maidens -Auren gargajiya A Najeriya" (Series) <ref name="2014 Jury" /> |Shirye-shiryen Talabijin |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2008 |Aikin Zaman Lafiya |Hotuna |Mai wasan kwaikwayo (Bayani) |- |2010 |Tango With Me <ref name="2014 Jury" /> Kyautar Kyautar Kyauta mafi Kyawu ta [[2012 Nollywood Movies Awards]] |Fim din |Darakta, furodusa, marubuci |- |2013 |Yarinyar Fure <ref name="Mahmood Ali-Balogun" /> |Wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya |Mai ba da shawara ga fina-finai |- |2022 |Mutumin Allah |Fim din |Mai ba da shawara |- |2024 |Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti |Fim din |Mai ba da shawara |- | | | | |} == Matsayin masana'antu == * memba: Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Masana'antar Fim ta Najeriya <ref name="2014 Jury" /> * memba: Kwamitin Ba da Shawara, Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka AMAA * Shugaba: 9th Congress, Federation Panafrican Des Cineates (FEPACI). Afirka ta Kudu, 2013 <ref name="2014 Jury" /> * Shugaban yanzu: Audio Visual Rights Society of Nigeria (AVRS) * Shugaban kafa: Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Masana'antar Wasanni ta Najeriya (NANTAP) <ref name="About The Director" /> * Tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban kasa: Kungiyar Masu Shirye-shiryen Talabijin Masu Zaman Kansu na Najeriya (ITPAN) <ref name="About The Director" /> * Mai ba da shawara: Bikin Fim na Duniya na Toronto, TIFF 2013, Toronto, 2013 * Mai ba da shawara: Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka, AFRIFF * Jakadan: Bikin Fim na Nollywood a Paris, 2014 * Jakadan masana'antu: Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka (AFRIFF), Calabar, 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmmaker Mahmood Ali-Balogun In Paris For Nollywood week |url=http://barasolutions.com/mainGuardian/saturday-magazine/celebrity/164766-filmmaker-mahmood-ali-balogun-in-paris-for-nollywoodweek |access-date=10 August 2015 |website=Guardian News on (barasolutions.com) |ref=12}}</ref> * Jury: 2015 International Emmy Awards <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mo Abudu, Kunle Afolayan, Tunde Kelani, More, As EbonyLife TV Hosts Emmy Awards Judging Event |url=http://onobello.com/mo-abudu-kunle-afolayan-tunde-kelani-more-as-ebonylife-tv-hosts-emmy-awards-judging-event/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927122120/http://onobello.com/mo-abudu-kunle-afolayan-tunde-kelani-more-as-ebonylife-tv-hosts-emmy-awards-judging-event/ |archive-date=27 September 2015 |access-date=25 August 2015 |website=onobello.com |ref=16}}</ref> * Jury: Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka (AFRIFF), Calabar, 2014 <ref name="2014 Jury" /> * Jury: [[Bikin Fina-finai na Duniya Karo na 32 a Alkahira|Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Alkahira na 32]] (CIFF), * Mai ba da shawara: Bikin Fim na Duniya na Abuja * Jury: Bikin Fim na Duniya na Zuma * memba: Majalisar ba da shawara don bikin fina-finai na Afirka, 2013 * memba: Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Majalisar Hotuna ta Najeriya (MOPICON), 2007 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cannes' Competitive Edge:African film makers' experience |url=http://al-amin-ciroma.blogspot.com/2008/06/cannes-competitive-edgeafrican-film.html |access-date=25 August 2015 |website=Blue-Ribbon'12' |publisher=LEADERSHIP's INTERVAL |ref=17}}</ref> * Wanda ya kafa: Taron Masu Kwarewar Hotuna na Najeriya (CMPPN) == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ry10uu902t80jc8la1ejlv22oze3om5 967725 967724 2026-10-15T00:07:41Z Salma Raddah 45959 967725 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Mahmood Ali-Balogun ((listenⓘ)) ɗan fim ne na Najeriya, ma'aikacin al'adu kuma manajan darektan Brickhouse Media . [1] Ya ba da umarnin fim din 'Tango With Me' wanda ya lashe lambar yabo da yawa.[2] Shi ne Shugaban kungiyar Audio Visual Rights Society (AVRS) na Najeriya == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Mahmood Ali-Balogun a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 1959 <ref name="About The Director">{{Cite web |title=About The Director |url=http://www.africanfilmny.org/2013/mahmood-ali-balogun/ |access-date=10 August 2015 |website=African Film Festival Inc. |ref=3}}</ref> kuma ya girma a Arewacin Najeriya. <ref name="theguardianlifemagazine.blogspot.com">{{Cite web |title=STAR ACTOR: Behold Elder Ali Balogun |url=http://theguardianlifemagazine.blogspot.com/2009/08/star-actor-behold-elder-ali-balogun.html |access-date=10 August 2015 |website=The Guardian Life Magazine |ref=4}}</ref> Shi Alumnus ne na [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo|Jami'ar Ife]], yanzu [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] inda ya yi karatun Dramatic Arts na musamman a fim da samar da talabijin. Ayyukan Mahmood sun samo asali ne a cikin shekaru daga kasancewa ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, zuwa darektan, <ref name="Tango with me: A movie phenomenon" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Mahmood Ali-Balogun - Filmography |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/1620286/Mahmood-Ali-Balogun/filmography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307094225/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/1620286/Mahmood-Ali-Balogun/filmography |archive-date=2016-03-07 |website=[[The New York Times]] |publisher=[[Baseline (database)|Baseline]] & [[All Movie Guide]] |ref=6}}</ref> furodusa, <ref name="Tango with me: A movie phenomenon" /> shugaban masana'antu, <ref name="Tango with me: A movie phenomenon" /> [4] mai ba da shawara kan fina-finai [3] da jakada a masana'antar yin fina-fakka.<ref name="2014 Jury">{{Cite web |title=2014 Jury |url=http://afriff.com/2014-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810124052/http://afriff.com/2014-2/ |archive-date=10 August 2015 |access-date=10 August 2015 |website=Africa International Film Festival (AFRIFF) |ref=10}}</ref><ref name="Mahmood Ali-Balogun">{{Cite web |title=Mahmood Ali-Balogun |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3123654/ |website=www.imdb.com |publisher=IMDb |ref=9}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 1999 Mahmood ya kuma ba da umarnin shirye-shiryen da suka lashe lambar yabo guda shida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahmood Ali-Balogun |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3123654/bio |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=IMDb |language=en}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Takardun sarauta !Sashe !Matsayi |- |1983 |Wasan Ola Rotimi, "Idan..Wani bala'i na Sarauta" <ref name="theguardianlifemagazine.blogspot.com" /> |Fim din |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |- |1999 |Wurin da ake kira Gida <ref name="2014 Jury" /> |Fim din |Daraktan |- |2002 |Cinikin yara da mata - Sabon Bautar <ref name="2014 Jury" /> |Hotuna |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2003 |'Temi ni Toto' |Fim din gida na Yoruba |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2003 |Rashin Muhalli A Najeriya |Hotuna |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2005 |Collage na Al'adu (Japan) |Hotuna |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2005 |Dance Of The Maidens -Auren gargajiya A Najeriya" (Series) <ref name="2014 Jury" /> |Shirye-shiryen Talabijin |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2008 |Aikin Zaman Lafiya |Hotuna |Mai wasan kwaikwayo (Bayani) |- |2010 |Tango With Me <ref name="2014 Jury" /> Kyautar Kyautar Kyauta mafi Kyawu ta [[2012 Nollywood Movies Awards]] |Fim din |Darakta, furodusa, marubuci |- |2013 |Yarinyar Fure <ref name="Mahmood Ali-Balogun" /> |Wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya |Mai ba da shawara ga fina-finai |- |2022 |Mutumin Allah |Fim din |Mai ba da shawara |- |2024 |Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti |Fim din |Mai ba da shawara |- | | | | |} == Matsayin masana'antu == * memba: Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Masana'antar Fim ta Najeriya <ref name="2014 Jury" /> * memba: Kwamitin Ba da Shawara, Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka AMAA * Shugaba: 9th Congress, Federation Panafrican Des Cineates (FEPACI). Afirka ta Kudu, 2013 <ref name="2014 Jury" /> * Shugaban yanzu: Audio Visual Rights Society of Nigeria (AVRS) * Shugaban kafa: Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Masana'antar Wasanni ta Najeriya (NANTAP) <ref name="About The Director" /> * Tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban kasa: Kungiyar Masu Shirye-shiryen Talabijin Masu Zaman Kansu na Najeriya (ITPAN) <ref name="About The Director" /> * Mai ba da shawara: Bikin Fim na Duniya na Toronto, TIFF 2013, Toronto, 2013 * Mai ba da shawara: Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka, AFRIFF * Jakadan: Bikin Fim na Nollywood a Paris, 2014 * Jakadan masana'antu: Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka (AFRIFF), Calabar, 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmmaker Mahmood Ali-Balogun In Paris For Nollywood week |url=http://barasolutions.com/mainGuardian/saturday-magazine/celebrity/164766-filmmaker-mahmood-ali-balogun-in-paris-for-nollywoodweek |access-date=10 August 2015 |website=Guardian News on (barasolutions.com) |ref=12}}</ref> * Jury: 2015 International Emmy Awards <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mo Abudu, Kunle Afolayan, Tunde Kelani, More, As EbonyLife TV Hosts Emmy Awards Judging Event |url=http://onobello.com/mo-abudu-kunle-afolayan-tunde-kelani-more-as-ebonylife-tv-hosts-emmy-awards-judging-event/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927122120/http://onobello.com/mo-abudu-kunle-afolayan-tunde-kelani-more-as-ebonylife-tv-hosts-emmy-awards-judging-event/ |archive-date=27 September 2015 |access-date=25 August 2015 |website=onobello.com |ref=16}}</ref> * Jury: Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka (AFRIFF), Calabar, 2014 <ref name="2014 Jury" /> * Jury: [[Bikin Fina-finai na Duniya Karo na 32 a Alkahira|Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Alkahira na 32]] (CIFF), * Mai ba da shawara: Bikin Fim na Duniya na Abuja * Jury: Bikin Fim na Duniya na Zuma * memba: Majalisar ba da shawara don bikin fina-finai na Afirka, 2013 * memba: Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Majalisar Hotuna ta Najeriya (MOPICON), 2007 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cannes' Competitive Edge:African film makers' experience |url=http://al-amin-ciroma.blogspot.com/2008/06/cannes-competitive-edgeafrican-film.html |access-date=25 August 2015 |website=Blue-Ribbon'12' |publisher=LEADERSHIP's INTERVAL |ref=17}}</ref> * Wanda ya kafa: Taron Masu Kwarewar Hotuna na Najeriya (CMPPN) == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2w2p9k5vpestra7yx3w06qxitdj49cl Falalu A Dorayi 0 17754 967512 931423 2026-10-14T12:12:42Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378832573|Falalu A Dorayi]]" 967512 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Falalu Abubakar Dorayi''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Falalu A. Dorayi''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1977) shi ne darektan fina-finai [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], furodusa, marubuci kuma ɗan wasan fim. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lere |first=Mohammed |date=23 January 2015 |title=Why Falalu Dorayi is one of most sought-after Kannywood directors |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/175489-falalu-dorayi-one-sought-kannywood-directors.html |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Premium Time News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lere |first=Mohammed |date=27 August 2017 |title=Kannywood Interview: Returning to the Cinemas, movie makers now smile to bank – Falalu Dorayi |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/241649-kannywood-interview-returning-cinemas-movie-makers-now-smile-bank-falalu-dorayi.html |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Premium Times News}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da asali == An haifi Dorayi a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun 1977 a Dorayi, Gwale, Jihar Kano ga Alhaji Abubakar wani dan kasuwa a Kano. Ya halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a Kano. Ya sami difloma a cikin Sadarwar Jama'a daga Jami'ar Bayero Kano kuma ya sami difloma ta kwararru a Fim & Talabijin a Jami'ar Maitama Sule, Kano a cikin 2017. Dorayi ta kuma halarci shirin horar da fina-finai a Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Asiya, Noida a Indiya.[1] == Ayyuka == Dorayi ya fara aikinsa a masana'antar fina-finai a shekarar 1997, tare da ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta gida lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare. Bayan kammala karatunsa na makarantar sakandare Dorayi ya shiga masana'antar fina-finai ta [[Kannywood]], fim din biyu na farko da ya jagoranta ya dauki shi kuma mai gabatar da fim din ya yi ikirarin cewa ya ba kansa lambar yabo ta darektan. Ya sami wata dama ta darektan tare da Sarauniya Films inda ya jagoranci fim din da ake kira ''Kwangiri'', sannan ''Uwargida'' da ''Majalisa'' suka biyo baya. Dorayi ya zama sananne bayan ya jagoranci ''Basaja'' (2013), inda ya fito da ƙungiyar da ta hada da [[Ali Nuhu]], [[Adam A Zango]], da [[Hadiza Aliyu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Basaja [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/film/basaja |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> Fim din ya kasance babbar nasara kuma an zabi shi a 2014 City People Entertainment Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kannywood at the 2014 City People Entertainment Awards – Winners and Nominees [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/awards/city-people-entertainment-awards-june-2014 |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> A cikin 2015, Dorayi ta samar da ''Gwaska'' (wanda [[Adam A Zango]] ya jagoranta), sannan daga baya ''Komawar Gwaska'' a cikin 2017. A cikin 2019, Dorayi ya ba da umarni kuma ya fito da wani shirin talabijin mai suna ''[[Gidan Badamasi]]'', wasan kwaikwayo wanda ke kewaye da "Badamasi Family".Wasan kwaikwayon ya shafi dangin Bamasi waɗanda suka yi wa shi hari lokacin da ya kasa cika alkawuransa. He received the "Best Actor Kannywood Industry" award for the movie ''[[Kwana Casa'in]]''.{{Ana bukatan hujja|reason=Previous source did not back this claim.|date=November 2024}}. == Hotunan fina-finai == Jerin fina-finai da Dorayi ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Falalu A. Dorayi [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/director/falalu_a._dorayi |access-date=10 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Taken !Shekara |- |''Allo'' |ND |- |''Farar Saka'' |ND |- |''Fataken Dare'' |ND |- |''Ƙarfin Ƙarfin'' |ND |- |''Ibro Dan Fulani'' |ND |- |''Larai'' |ND |- |''Madugu'' |ND |- |''Mukaddari'' |ND |- |''Namamajo'' |ND |- |''Ragas'' |ND |- |''Sa'a Dai'' |ND |- |''Sowa'' |ND |- |''Tarkon Kauna'' |ND |- |''Tsartuwa'' |ND |- |''Yau A Gari'' |ND |- |''Zatona'' |ND |- |''Zo Mu Zauna'' |ND |- |''Bana Bakwai'' |2007 |- |''Artabu'' |2009 |- |''Ahlul Kitab'' |2011 |- |''Sandar Kiwo'' |2011 |- |''Sayyada'' |2011 |- |''Zarar Bunu'' |2011 |- |''Andamali'' |2013 |- |''Mai Dalilin Aure'' (Mai yin Wasanni) |2014 |- |''Soyayya Da Shakuwa'' |2014 |- |''Akwai Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita'' |2016 |- |''Gwaska'' |2017 |- |''Juyin Sarauta'' |2017 |- |''Alkibla'' |2018 |- |Hanyar Kano |2014 |- |''Gidan Badamasi'' | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] 79xo8tu7rn7ecroarme9n8m8gyvg832 967513 967512 2026-10-14T12:13:32Z Salma Raddah 45959 967513 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} '''Falalu Abubakar Dorayi''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Falalu A. Dorayi''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1977) shi ne darektan fina-finai [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], furodusa, marubuci kuma ɗan wasan fim. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lere |first=Mohammed |date=23 January 2015 |title=Why Falalu Dorayi is one of most sought-after Kannywood directors |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/175489-falalu-dorayi-one-sought-kannywood-directors.html |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Premium Time News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lere |first=Mohammed |date=27 August 2017 |title=Kannywood Interview: Returning to the Cinemas, movie makers now smile to bank – Falalu Dorayi |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/241649-kannywood-interview-returning-cinemas-movie-makers-now-smile-bank-falalu-dorayi.html |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Premium Times News}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da asali == An haifi Dorayi a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun 1977 a Dorayi, Gwale, Jihar Kano ga Alhaji Abubakar wani dan kasuwa a Kano. Ya halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a Kano. Ya sami difloma a cikin Sadarwar Jama'a daga Jami'ar Bayero Kano kuma ya sami difloma ta kwararru a Fim & Talabijin a Jami'ar Maitama Sule, Kano a cikin 2017. Dorayi ta kuma halarci shirin horar da fina-finai a Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Asiya, Noida a Indiya.[1] == Ayyuka == Dorayi ya fara aikinsa a masana'antar fina-finai a shekarar 1997, tare da ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta gida lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare. Bayan kammala karatunsa na makarantar sakandare Dorayi ya shiga masana'antar fina-finai ta [[Kannywood]], fim din biyu na farko da ya jagoranta ya dauki shi kuma mai gabatar da fim din ya yi ikirarin cewa ya ba kansa lambar yabo ta darektan. Ya sami wata dama ta darektan tare da Sarauniya Films inda ya jagoranci fim din da ake kira ''Kwangiri'', sannan ''Uwargida'' da ''Majalisa'' suka biyo baya. Dorayi ya zama sananne bayan ya jagoranci ''Basaja'' (2013), inda ya fito da ƙungiyar da ta hada da [[Ali Nuhu]], [[Adam A Zango]], da [[Hadiza Aliyu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Basaja [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/film/basaja |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> Fim din ya kasance babbar nasara kuma an zabi shi a 2014 City People Entertainment Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kannywood at the 2014 City People Entertainment Awards – Winners and Nominees [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/awards/city-people-entertainment-awards-june-2014 |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> A cikin 2015, Dorayi ta samar da ''Gwaska'' (wanda [[Adam A Zango]] ya jagoranta), sannan daga baya ''Komawar Gwaska'' a cikin 2017. A cikin 2019, Dorayi ya ba da umarni kuma ya fito da wani shirin talabijin mai suna ''[[Gidan Badamasi]]'', wasan kwaikwayo wanda ke kewaye da "Badamasi Family".Wasan kwaikwayon ya shafi dangin Bamasi waɗanda suka yi wa shi hari lokacin da ya kasa cika alkawuransa. He received the "Best Actor Kannywood Industry" award for the movie ''[[Kwana Casa'in]]''.{{Ana bukatan hujja|reason=Previous source did not back this claim.|date=November 2024}}. == Hotunan fina-finai == Jerin fina-finai da Dorayi ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Falalu A. Dorayi [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/director/falalu_a._dorayi |access-date=10 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Taken !Shekara |- |''Allo'' |ND |- |''Farar Saka'' |ND |- |''Fataken Dare'' |ND |- |''Ƙarfin Ƙarfin'' |ND |- |''Ibro Dan Fulani'' |ND |- |''Larai'' |ND |- |''Madugu'' |ND |- |''Mukaddari'' |ND |- |''Namamajo'' |ND |- |''Ragas'' |ND |- |''Sa'a Dai'' |ND |- |''Sowa'' |ND |- |''Tarkon Kauna'' |ND |- |''Tsartuwa'' |ND |- |''Yau A Gari'' |ND |- |''Zatona'' |ND |- |''Zo Mu Zauna'' |ND |- |''Bana Bakwai'' |2007 |- |''Artabu'' |2009 |- |''Ahlul Kitab'' |2011 |- |''Sandar Kiwo'' |2011 |- |''Sayyada'' |2011 |- |''Zarar Bunu'' |2011 |- |''Andamali'' |2013 |- |''Mai Dalilin Aure'' (Mai yin Wasanni) |2014 |- |''Soyayya Da Shakuwa'' |2014 |- |''Akwai Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita'' |2016 |- |''Gwaska'' |2017 |- |''Juyin Sarauta'' |2017 |- |''Alkibla'' |2018 |- |Hanyar Kano |2014 |- |''Gidan Badamasi'' | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] 4pdnyhl9ww7zw20y010wlbo8aeryk15 Manazarta 0 19059 967798 909947 2026-10-15T09:10:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A tsakanin 1863–1864, 'Yan Bindiga na Montana sun bi tsarin Kwamitin Kula da Gaggawa na San Francisco wanda ya wanzu a shekarun 1850 [[California|a California]] don kawo tsari ga al'ummomin da ba su da doka a cikin da kewayen filayen zinare na Alder Gulch da Grasshopper Creek. Akwai kiyasin cewa an kashe mutane sama da 100 a cikin fashin " wakilan hanya " a kaka ta 1863. Kwamitin Kula da Gaggawa na Alder Gulch ya shirya a watan Disamba na 1863, kuma a cikin makonni shida na farko na 1864, an kama akalla jami'an hanya 20 na ƙungiyar Plummer mai suna, wanda aka sani da " Masu Rashin Laifi ", kuma ƙungiyar ta kama su kuma ta rataye su. Dokar yanki ta hukuma ta isa Alder Gulch a ƙarshen 1864 tare da isowar Alkalin Yankuna Hezekiah L. Hosmer kuma ayyukan 'yan banga sun daina aiki a yankin. As the gold fields of Alder Gulch and Grasshopper Creek declined in 1865, prospectors and fortune seekers migrated to newly discovered areas in and around Last Chance Gulch (now Helena, Montana). As lawlessness increased, vigilante justice continued there with the formation of the Committee of Safety in 1865. During the period 1865–1870, at least 14 alleged criminals were executed by Helena's vigilantes. In 1884, ranchers in Central and Eastern Montana resorted to vigilante justice to deal with cattle rustlers and horse thieves. The best-known vigilante group in that area was "Stuart's Stranglers", organized by Granville Stuart in the Musselshell region. As formal law enforcement became more prevalent in the region, vigilantism fell into decline. Vigilantism in pre-territorial and territorial Montana has been written about, romanticized and chronicled in personal memoirs, biographies, documentary and scholarly works, film and fiction for well over a century. The first book published in Montana was Thomas J. Dimsdale's 1866 first edition of ''The Vigilantes of Montana'', which was compiled from a series of newspaper articles he wrote for the ''Montana Post'' in 1865. Historical analysis of the period ranges from disrepute to heroism, with debates over whether the lack of any functioning justice system and the understanding of due process at the time meant the vigilantes acted in a way they thought was best for their communities or if modern standards of due process should govern analysis of their actions. == Bannack and Virginia City == [[Fayil:Bannack_-_overview.jpg|alt=Image of Montana ghost town|right|thumb|200x200px|Bannack, Montana (2005)]] On July 28, 1862, gold was discovered along Grasshopper Creek, a tributary of the Beaverhead River, in a remote part of eastern Idaho Territory, leading to the establishment of the town of Bannack.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggeman |first=Kim |date=2012-07-28 |title=1st gold strike in territory that became Montana was 150 years ago |url=http://missoulian.com/news/state-and-regional/st-gold-strike-in-territory-that-became-montana-was-years/article_8789efd4-d927-11e1-a4d1-0019bb2963f4.html |access-date=2013-12-28 |website=[[Missoulian]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123023737/http://missoulian.com/news/state-and-regional/st-gold-strike-in-territory-that-became-montana-was-years/article_8789efd4-d927-11e1-a4d1-0019bb2963f4.html |archive-date=2015-01-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bannack was a gold rush boomtown that was the first territorial capital of Montana Territory for a brief period after the territory was established in 1864. Less than a year after the Grasshopper Creek find, on May 26, 1863, gold was discovered along Alder Gulch, a tributary creek northeast of the Ruby River that lies between the Tobacco Root Mountains and the Gravelly Range and {{Convert|70|mi}} east of Bannack. The Alder Gulch find became one of the largest placer mining gold fields in the western U.S. The mining settlements of Virginia City and Nevada City, Montana, which sprang up in Alder Gulch, boasted thousands of prospectors and fortune seekers by the end of 1863. These new settlements generally lacked justice systems found in populated portions of the territory, such as in the territorial capital in Lewiston, Idaho. In 1863, gold was the preferred form of currency in western frontier communities and had a value, fixed and guaranteed by the U.S. Government, of $20.67 per ounce. Almost all economic transactions in western mining communities were accomplished with gold nuggets, flakes or dust as currency and not surprisingly, the more gold one had, the more wealth one possessed. During the early years of the territory, there was no secure way to transport wealth out of the region. The only means of transporting wealth out of the Alder Gulch gold fields was via horseback or slow moving wagons and stagecoaches on a limited number of trails and primitive roads leading south and west to Salt Lake City and San Francisco or east to Minnesota. Roads and trails leading to Alder Gulch included the Bozeman and Bridger Trails connecting to the Oregon Trail from the east, the Mullan Road from points west and from Fort Benton, Montana the head of navigation on the Missouri River and the Corinne Road from Corinne, Utah and points south. Additionally, there was a single track, {{Convert|70|mi|km}} stage road that connected Alder Gulch with Bannack. Several commercial freight and two passenger stage companies, Peabody and Caldwell's and A.J. Oliver's, operated on this route. Stagecoaches had to stop at several different ranches during the trip to water and change horses, feed passengers and provide overnight lodging. One of these ranches, the Rattlesnake Ranch, was owned by Bill Bunton and Frank Parish, who were later hanged by the vigilantes as road agents and members of the Plummer gang.<ref name="Dillon3" /> [[File:Henry_Plummer_(1832-1864).jpg|alt=B&W image of a man with short hair and a long goatee beard|right|thumb|Henry Plummer]] In a region where valuable gold was plentiful, transportation was insecure and effective law and order was lacking, travelers became easy prey for robbers. By late 1863, thefts and murders along the routes in and around Alder Gulch had become common. In their writings about the vigilantes, Thomas Dimsdale and Nathaniel P. Langford estimated that at least 102 travelers were killed by robbers in the fall of 1863. Many more travelers left the region and were never heard from again. As this became a more frequent occurrence locals began suspecting that these crimes were being carried out by a single group of outlaws, known as "road agents", under the control of Bannack sheriff Henry Plummer. The gang became known as the Innocents because of their passwords, ''I am innocent''. ==== Notorious robberies, attempted robberies and murders in 1863 ==== * On October 13, 1863, Lloyd Magruder was killed by road agent Chris Lowrie. Magruder was an Idaho merchant leaving Virginia City with $12,000 in gold dust from goods he had sold there. Several of the men he hired to accompany him back to Lewiston, Idaho were in fact criminals. Four other men in the party were also murdered in camp - Charlie Allen, Robert Chalmers, Horace Chalmers and William Phillips - by Lowrie, Doc Howard, Jem Romaine and William Page. * On October 26, 1863, the Peabody and Caldwell's stage was robbed between the Rattlesnake Ranch and Bannack by two road agents believed to be Frank Parish and George Ives. Bill Bunton, the owner of the Rattlesnake Ranch who joined the stage at the ranch was also complicit in the robbery. The road agents netted $2,800 in gold from the passengers and threatened them all with death if they talked about the robbery.<ref name="Dillon3" /> * On November 13, 1863, a teenage Henry Tilden was in the employ of Wilbur Sanders and Sidney Edgerton to locate and corral some horses owned by Sanders and Edgerton. Near Horse Prairie, Tilden was confronted by three armed road agents. He was carrying very little money and was allowed to depart unmolested, but with the warning that if he talked, he would be killed. He did not heed the warning and told Sanders' wife, Hattie and Sidney Edgerton that he had recognized one of the road agents as sheriff Henry Plummer. Although Tilden's report was discounted because Plummer was respected, this incident led to increased suspicion in the region that Plummer was the leader of a gang of road agents.<ref name="Dillon3" /> [[Fayil:Plummer_Gang_Robbing_Stage_(1863).JPG|alt=B&W painting of men robbing a stagecoach|thumb|1907 Painting by John W. Norton of Henry Plummer's gang holding up and robbing a stagecoach]] * On November 22, 1863, the A.J. Oliver stage was robbed on its way to Bannack from Virginia City by road agents George Ives, "Whiskey Bill" Graves and Bob Zachary. The robbery netted less than $1,000 in gold and treasury notes. One of the victims, Leroy Southmayd made the mistake of reporting the robbery and identifying the road agents to Bannack Sheriff, Henry Plummer. Members of Plummer's gang confronted Southmayd on his return trip to Virginia City, but Southmayd was cunning enough to avoid injury or death. * In November 1863, Conrad Kohrs traveled to Bannack from Deer Lodge, Montana with $5,000 in gold dust to buy cattle. A conversation with Sheriff Plummer in Bannack led Kohrs to believe he might be robbed while on the trail back to Deer Lodge. While in an overnight camp his associates located road agents George Ives and "Dutch John" Wagner surveying the camp, armed with shotguns. A day or two later, Kohrs was on horseback returning to Deer Lodge when Ives and Wagner gave chase. Kohrs' horse proved the faster and he evaded confrontation before reaching the safety of Deer Lodge.<ref name="Dillon3" /> * In early December 1863, a three wagon freight outfit organized by Milton S. Moody was going to Salt Lake City from Virginia City. Among the seven passengers was John Bozeman. The freight wagons were carrying $80,000 in gold dust and $1,500 in treasury notes. While camped on Blacktail Deer Creek, road agents "Dutch John" Wagner and Steve Marshland entered the camp, armed and ready to rob the train. Members of the camp had armed themselves well and Wagner and Marshland were able to escape, claiming they were just looking for lost horses. Two days later, Wagner and Marshland were both wounded in an unsuccessful attempt to rob the wagon train as it crossed the Continental Divide at Rock Creek.<ref name="Dillon3" /> * On December 8, 1863, Anton Holter (who later became a Montana Power Company executive and had Holter Dam named for him), who was taking oxen to sell in Virginia City, survived an attempted robbery and murder. When road agents George Ives and Aleck Carter, whom Holter recognized, discovered Holter was not carrying any significant wealth, they tried to shoot him. He was able to avoid being shot and escaped into the brush.<ref name="Dillon3" /> === The failure of miners' courts === Prior to the creation of the Montana Territory on May 26, 1864,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 26, 1864 |title=Public Act of the Thirty-Eighth Congress of the United States, XCV An Act to provide a temporary government for the Territory of Montana |url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=013/llsl013.db&recNum=114 |publisher=U.S. Congress |pages=85–93}}</ref> and the arrival of the territorial courts, the only court system available for the residents of Bannack and Virginia City were the informal miners' courts. The miners' courts were a vehicle of the organized mining districts<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morriss, Andrew P. |title=Hayek & Cowboys: Customary Law in the American West |url=https://www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/ECM_PRO_060884.pdf |journal=NYU Journal of Law and Liberty |location=New York |publisher=New York University |volume=1 |page=36}}</ref> to resolve mining claims and disputes between miners in the district. When confronted with a major crime such as murder, they usually proved ineffective at resolving the crime to the satisfaction of the community.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anderson, Terry L. |last2=Hill, P.J. |year=1978 |title=An American Experiment in Anarcho-Capitalism: The Not So Wild, Wild West |url=https://mises.org/journals/jls/3_1/3_1_2.pdf |journal=The Journal of Libertarian Studies |access-date=2014-09-06}}</ref>  {{Blockquote|Another powerful incentive to wrong-doing is the absolute nullity of the [[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]] in such cases. No matter what may be the proof, if the criminal is well liked in the community 'Not Guilty' is almost certain to be the verdict, despite the efforts of the judge and prosecutor.|''Vigilantes of Montana'', Thomas Dimsdale, 1865<ref name="Dimsdale14">{{cite book |author=Dimsdale, Thomas J. |title=The Vigilantes of Montana; or, Popular justice in the Rocky mountains; being a correct and impartial narrative of the chase, trial, capture, and execution of Henry Plummer's road agent band, together with accounts of the lives and crimes of many of the robbers and desperadoes, the whole being interspersed with sketches of life in the mining camps of the 'Far west.' |publisher= A. J. Noyes |edition=Third |year=1915 |url=https://archive.org/details/vigilantesofmont01dims |page=[https://archive.org/details/vigilantesofmont01dims/page/14 14]}}</ref>}} While there are not many accounts of early courts in Alder Gulch, probably due to their informality and short existence, John X. Beidler recalled a murder trial in the Virginia City miners' court in his memoirs. The trial was in the fall of 1863 and concerned the murder of J.W. Dillingham. The trial was held outside, due to the fact that every resident took part. In the end all three defendants were set free. The first, Charley Forbes, was freed after he gave an eloquent and sentimental speech about his mother. The other two, Buck Stinson and Haze Lyons, were convicted and set to be the first men executed in what would become the state of Montana. However, at what would be a very public hanging friends and sympathizers of Stinson and Lyons convinced the crowd to vote again on the execution. Two attempts at counting the vote were made according to Beidler. The first people voting 'hang' were to walk up-hill while those voting 'no hang' were to walk down-hill. This vote was rejected and the next attempt had four men form two gates and people would cast their vote by walking through the 'hang' gate or the 'no hang' gate. Beidler claims that friends of the condemned men simply walked through the 'no hang' gate repeatedly casting fraudulent votes that possibly allowed two murderers to walk free.<ref name="beidler" /> On December 19–21, 1863, a public trial was held of George Ives, the suspected murderer of Nicholas Tiebolt, a young Dutch immigrant. Hundreds of miners from around the area attended the 3-day, outdoor trial. George Ives was prosecuted by Wilbur F. Sanders and Ives was convicted and hanged on December 21, 1863. Sanders played a prominent role in Montana history and eventually became the first U.S. Senator from Montana when the territory gained statehood in 1889. While the Ives trial resulted in an execution many residents were frustrated by a cumbersome process that could easily be manipulated. This sentiment is illustrated by a quote from Thomas Dimsdale who wrote the first published account of the Montana Vigilantes, originally written in 1865 as a series of articles for the ''Montana Post'' and later compiled into a book. {{Blockquote|We the undersigned uniting ourselves in a party for the laudable purpos [sic] of arresting thievs [sic] & murderers & recovering stollen [sic] property do pledge ourselves upon our sacred honor each to all others & solemnly swear that we will reveal no secrets, violate no laws of right & never desert each other or our standard of justice so help us God as witness our hand and seal this 23 of December ad 1863|From original signed oath document held by Montana Historical Society<ref name=DillonCommittee/>|style=font-size:smaller}} === Formation of the Vigilance Committee === On December 23, 1863, two days after the Ives trial, a group of five Virginia City residents, led by Wilbur F. Sanders, and including Major Alvin W. Brockie, John Nye, Captain Nick D. Wall and Paris Pfouts organized the Vigilance Committee of Alder Gulch. The committee was organized similar to the earlier San Francisco Committee of Vigilance (1851–56) in California of which some of the Alder Gulch organizers were familiar with.<ref name="DillonCommittee" /> The original committee oath signed by its earliest members was: {{Blockquote|It shall be the duty of members to attach themselves to some company and whenever any criminal act shall come to their knowledge to inform his Captain or Lieutenant of the same, when the officers so informed shall call together the members of his Company, (unless the Company has chosen a committee for such purpose) when they shall proceed to investigate the case, and elicit the facts and should the said company conclude that the person charged with any offense should be punished by the committee, the Captain or Lieutenant will first take steps to arrest the Criminal and then report same with proof to the Chief who will thereupon call a meeting of the Executive Committee and the judgement of such Executive Committee shall be final. The only punishment that shall be inflicted by this Committee is death.|By-laws of Vigilance Committee of Alder Gulch (1863)<ref name=DillonB>{{cite book |author=Dillon, Mark C. |title=Montana Vigilantes 1863–1870 Gold, Guns and Gallows |url=https://archive.org/details/montanavigilante0000dill |publisher=Utah State University Press |location=Logan, Utah |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-87421-919-7 |chapter=Appendix B Bylaws of the Vigilance Committee |pages=[https://archive.org/details/montanavigilante0000dill/page/404 404]–405}}</ref>}} Paris Pfouts was elected as the president of the committee which drafted and adopted a comprehensive set of by-laws establishing a formal structure and process. The by-laws established the position of president, an executive officer, an executive committee, a secretary, treasurer and positions of captains and lieutenants of companies. The most relevant process contained in the by-laws was: === Prominent members === [[Fayil:JohnBozeman.JPG|alt=B&W image of a man with oiled hair and a wide moustache|right|thumb|John Bozeman]] Although the vigilance committee started as a small secret institution in Virginia City, knowledge of it soon spread in the territory and membership grew. As a secret organization, exact accounts of membership vary, but many members became prominent in the history of the territory and state. Among those who were members include Wilbur Sanders (1st U.S. Senator from Montana (1890)), Sidney Edgerton (first Governor of Montana Territory (1864)), Nelson Story (famous for his 1866 cattle drive from Texas to Bozeman and prominent Bozeman merchant), John Bozeman (founder of Bozeman, Montana (1864) and the Bozeman Trail), Nathaniel P. Langford (first Yellowstone National Park superintendent (1872–1877)), James Stuart (brother of Granville Stuart, who would form the Stuarts' Stranglers in 1884), Tom Cover (one of the Alder Gulch prospectors who discovered the first gold there and alleged murderer of John Bozeman (1867)) and Thomas Dimsdale (editor of Montana's first newspaper, the ''Montana Post'' and author of ''The Vigilantes of Montana'' (1866)). Due to the secret nature of the organization it is difficult to be sure when an execution was carried out by the vigilance committee or another group of motivated citizens. In the months following the Ives trial many suspected road agents were hanged. Notable among those hanged was Henry Plummer, the sheriff of Bannack, who was suspected by many of being the ringleader of the road agents. The Montana Vigilantes hanged men using the testimony of other men who faced their imminent executions as the sole evidence. Of the few accounts of the early actions of the Alder Gulch Vigilantes, Beidler and Dimsdale are the most complete, although they give little information about the secret trials conducted by the vigilantes. Estimates vary, but noted vigilante historian Frederick Allen believes that between the years 1863 and 1865 somewhere from 15 to 35 people were killed due to the actions of the Alder Gulch vigilantes.<ref name="Allen3777">{{Cite journal |last=Allen, Frederick. |date=Spring 2001 |title=Montana Vigilantes and the Origins of 3-7-77 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_montana-the-magazine-of-western-history_winter-2001_51_4/page/n10 |journal=Montana: The Magazine of Western History |volume=51 |pages=2–19, Note 58, page 16 |quote=58. In ''Strain of Violence'', Richard Maxwell Brown calls the 1884 episode "the deadliest of all American vigilante movements," a superlative supported in the book's appendix three, which counts thirty-five victims (p. 101). The actual number, however, appears to be considerably smaller. In "The Central Montana Vigilante Raids in 1884," which appeared in the premier issue of ''Montana: The Magazine of Western History'', January 1951, Oscar O. Mueller argues that fifteen to eighteen men died at the hands of Stuart's posse. In a 1980 University of Oregon master's thesis, "Granville Stuart and the Montana Vigilantes of 1884," Richard K. Mueller (no relation to Oscar Mueller) puts the figure at nineteen to twenty-two. My own count shows a maximum of seventeen, while Michael Malone, Richard Roeder, and William Lang's reasonable and reliable Montana: A History of Two Centuries (Seattle, 1976) estimates on page 163 "at least fifteen" victims. Meanwhile, Brown's appendix three cites thirty victims of vigilantism in Montana from 1863 to 1865, while my examination of the Virginia City, Montana Post raises that number to at least thirty-five. In either case, the distinction of "deadliest of all American vigilante movements" properly belongs to Montana's earliest vigilantes.}}</ref> === Vigilante justice === Over a course of approximately six weeks between December 1863 and February 1864, vigilante companies located, arrested and executed suspected members of the Plummer road agent gang in Bannack, Virginia City and Hellgate, Montana. Shortly after its formation, the Vigilance Committee dispatched a posse of men to search for Aleck Carter, "Whiskey Bill" Graves and Bill Bunton, known associates of George Ives. The posse was led by vigilante Captain James Williams, the man who had investigated the Nicolas Tiebolt murder by George Ives. Near the Rattlesnake Ranch on the Ruby River, the posse located "Erastus Red" Yeager and George Brown, both suspected road agents. While traveling back to Virginia City, Yeager made a complete confession, naming the majority of the road agents in Plummer's gang, including Henry Plummer. After obtaining the confession, Yeager and Brown were found guilty by the posse and summarily hanged from a cottonwood tree on the Lorrain's Ranch on the Ruby River. On January 6, 1864, "Dutch John" Wagner, a road agent wounded in the Moody robbery was captured by vigilante Captain Nick Wall and Ben Peabody on the Salt Lake City trail. The vigilantes transported Wagner to Bannack where he was hanged on January 11, 1864. By this time, Yeager's confession had mobilized vigilantes against Plummer and his key associates, deputies Buck Stinson and Ned Ray. Plummer, Stinson and Ray were arrested on the morning of January 10, 1864 and summarily hanged. On January 11, 1864, "Greaser Joe" Pizanthia, a road agent on Yeager's list, was located in his cabin just outside Bannack. A gunfight ensued that took the life of one vigilante, George Copley. Pizanthia's cabin was bombarded with three shells from a mountain howitzer belonging to Sidney Edgerton. The bombardment severely wounded Pizanthia and he was shot and killed as he was removed from the wreckage of the cabin.<ref name="Dillon8" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6d9ud2pg5cv2fjd729qtax923h7b3xn Wikipedia:Sabbin editoci 4 21908 967663 967337 2026-10-14T21:27:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 967663 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Halima sani|Halima sani]] |[[Special:Contributions/Halima sani|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 13 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |2 |[[User:TheLizard8|TheLizard8]] |[[Special:Contributions/TheLizard8|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 13 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |3 |[[User:GeorgeCaulfield|GeorgeCaulfield]] |[[Special:Contributions/GeorgeCaulfield|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 13 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |4 |[[User:S k , Khalit|S k , Khalit]] |[[Special:Contributions/S k , Khalit|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 13 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Laco4D|Laco4D]] |[[Special:Contributions/Laco4D|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |6 |[[User:FútbolARG|FútbolARG]] |[[Special:Contributions/FútbolARG|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Sadik B Danladi|Sadik B Danladi]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sadik B Danladi|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |8 |[[User:Soggy15|Soggy15]] |[[Special:Contributions/Soggy15|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |9 |[[User:CVKeresztes|CVKeresztes]] |[[Special:Contributions/CVKeresztes|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |10 |[[User:Imnipotent2.0|Imnipotent2.0]] |[[Special:Contributions/Imnipotent2.0|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |11 |[[User:PratikGumte|PratikGumte]] |[[Special:Contributions/PratikGumte|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Ranjanguptav|Ranjanguptav]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ranjanguptav|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |13 |[[User:TheGreatEditor024|TheGreatEditor024]] |[[Special:Contributions/TheGreatEditor024|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |14 |[[User:YacoobPL|YacoobPL]] |[[Special:Contributions/YacoobPL|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |15 |[[User:Julenetxe5|Julenetxe5]] |[[Special:Contributions/Julenetxe5|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |16 |[[User:WKatastrof|WKatastrof]] |[[Special:Contributions/WKatastrof|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |17 |[[User:Wiki syds|Wiki syds]] |[[Special:Contributions/Wiki syds|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |18 |[[User:Bryminefiel|Bryminefiel]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bryminefiel|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |19 |[[User:Dika Part IV|Dika Part IV]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dika Part IV|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |20 |[[User:Uyb60|Uyb60]] |[[Special:Contributions/Uyb60|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |21 |[[User:Jamilu Hamisu Ibrahim|Jamilu Hamisu Ibrahim]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jamilu Hamisu Ibrahim|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |22 |[[User:EulerMascheroni0577|EulerMascheroni0577]] |[[Special:Contributions/EulerMascheroni0577|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |23 |[[User:Dini Nasiru|Dini Nasiru]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dini Nasiru|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |24 |[[User:Haris Shuaibu Tondi|Haris Shuaibu Tondi]] |[[Special:Contributions/Haris Shuaibu Tondi|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |25 |[[User:GatoLiteral|GatoLiteral]] |[[Special:Contributions/GatoLiteral|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |} siw7h042wn6ns91jpmyzkurx6lvp9bg User:AmmarBot 2 21909 967784 839418 2026-10-15T07:14:19Z Ammarpad 4826 967784 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cartoon_Robot.svg|right|158px|link=]] '''Barka da zuwa shafi na.''' Ni ba mutum bane, robot ne da ke taimakawa a wajen tafiyar da Hausa Wikipedia. Na iya magana da Hausa kamar jakin Kano. A iya sani na, nine robot na farko mai magana da Hausa a Wikipedia. Bana gajiya da aiki domin ina aiki ba dare ba rana. Ina samun kuzari na ne daga cincirondon na'urorin komfutocin Wikimedia Toolforge. Sannan ina aiki daga komfutar MacBook Air a wasu lokutan. Ni robot ne mai son zama lafiya da kuma fatan bunƙasar Wikipedia ta Hausa dama harshen Hausa baki ɗaya! Wanda ya ƙirƙire ni shine [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]. In kuna neman ƙarin bayani a kaina, ku tambaye shi a shafin shi na Wikipedia ko kuma ta hanyar saƙon email zuwa ga ammar[[File:At sign.svg|13px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimediahausa.org. 3y9ywgykjatyf7ybgzp0z8089dawd0n 967785 967784 2026-10-15T07:18:26Z Ammarpad 4826 upd 967785 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cartoon_Robot.svg|right|158px|link=|thumb|Gani na shirya cikin kayan aiki. Ya kuka gani?]] '''Barka da zuwa shafi na.''' Ni ba mutum bane, robot ne da ke taimakawa a wajen tafiyar da Hausa Wikipedia. Na iya magana da Hausa kamar jakin Kano. A iya sani na, nine robot na farko mai magana da Hausa a Wikipedia. Bana gajiya da aiki domin ina aiki ba dare ba rana. Ina samun kuzari na ne daga cincirondon na'urorin komfutocin Wikimedia Toolforge. Sannan ina aiki daga komfutar MacBook Air a wasu lokutan. Ni robot ne mai son zama lafiya da kuma fatan bunƙasar Wikipedia ta Hausa dama harshen Hausa baki ɗaya! Wanda ya ƙirƙire ni shine [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]. In kuna neman ƙarin bayani a kaina, ku tambaye shi a shafin shi na Wikipedia ko kuma ta hanyar saƙon email zuwa ga ammar[[File:At sign.svg|13px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimediahausa.org. cst51639td00qrsxdkdf13zogvowskb The Amazing Grace 0 27260 967522 928776 2026-10-14T12:25:56Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364858088|The Amazing Grace]]" 967522 wikitext text/x-wiki The Amazing Grace fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi Najeriya na Burtaniya na 2006 wanda Jeta Amata da Nick Moran suka rubuta, wanda Jeta amata ya jagoranta kuma Jeta Amita da Alicia Arce suka samar da shi. Tauraron fim din Joke Silva, Nick Moran, Scott Cleverdon, Mbong Odungide, Fred Amata da Zack Amata . Fim din ya sami gabatarwa 11 kuma ya lashe kyautar Achievement in Cinematography a African Movie Academy Awards a shekara ta 2007. [1] [2] [3] [4][5][6][7] == Farko == Fim din, wanda [[Joke Silva]] ke ba da labari a wasu lokuta, ya ba da labarin sake fasalin dan kasuwa na bayi na Burtaniya John Newton (Nick Moran), yana tafiya zuwa abin da ke yanzu [[Najeriya]] don sayen bayi. Daga baya, ya kara firgita da zalunci na [[Bauta|Bautar]], sai ya bar sana'ar kuma ya zama firist na Anglican. Newton daga baya ya rubuta waƙar fansa mai ban mamaki kuma ya zama mai abolitionist. == Masu ba da labari == <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 2006|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 2006]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> pyu083yzg1fv9gn4u41dkrba8415x5a 967523 967522 2026-10-14T12:26:38Z Salma Raddah 45959 967523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Amazing Grace fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi Najeriya na Burtaniya na 2006 wanda Jeta Amata da Nick Moran suka rubuta, wanda Jeta amata ya jagoranta kuma Jeta Amita da Alicia Arce suka samar da shi. Tauraron fim din Joke Silva, Nick Moran, Scott Cleverdon, Mbong Odungide, Fred Amata da Zack Amata . Fim din ya sami gabatarwa 11 kuma ya lashe kyautar Achievement in Cinematography a African Movie Academy Awards a shekara ta 2007. [1] [2] [3] [4][5][6][7] == Farko == Fim din, wanda [[Joke Silva]] ke ba da labari a wasu lokuta, ya ba da labarin sake fasalin dan kasuwa na bayi na Burtaniya John Newton (Nick Moran), yana tafiya zuwa abin da ke yanzu [[Najeriya]] don sayen bayi. Daga baya, ya kara firgita da zalunci na [[Bauta|Bautar]], sai ya bar sana'ar kuma ya zama firist na Anglican. Newton daga baya ya rubuta waƙar fansa mai ban mamaki kuma ya zama mai abolitionist. == Masu ba da labari == <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 2006|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 2006]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 8yqeb70s908d9m2bgamo50845masjlt 967559 967523 2026-10-14T14:07:37Z Baby juuu 38856 967559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Amazing Grace fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi Najeriya na Burtaniya na shekara ta 2006 wanda Jeta Amata da Nick Moran suka rubuta, wanda Jeta amata ya jagoranta kuma Jeta Amita da Alicia Arce suka samar da shi. Tauraron fim din Joke Silva, Nick Moran, Scott Cleverdon, Mbong Odungide, Fred Amata da Zack Amata . Fim din ya sami gabatarwa 11 kuma ya lashe kyautar Achievement in Cinematography a African Movie Academy Awards a shekara ta 2007. [1] [2] [3] [4][5][6][7] == Farko == Fim din, wanda [[Joke Silva]] ke ba da labari a wasu lokuta, ya ba da labarin sake fasalin dan kasuwa na bayi na Burtaniya John Newton (Nick Moran), yana tafiya zuwa abin da ke yanzu [[Najeriya]] don sayen bayi. Daga baya, ya kara firgita da zalunci na [[Bauta|Bautar]], sai ya bar sana'ar kuma ya zama firist na Anglican. Newton daga baya ya rubuta waƙar fansa mai ban mamaki kuma ya zama mai abolitionist. == Masu ba da labari == <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 2006|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 2006]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> l8r7akn1795gvxkal3nqblve1glpadn Mother of George 0 27320 967516 895148 2026-10-14T12:15:52Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373989893|Mother of George]]" 967516 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwar George fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda Andrew Dosunmu ya jagoranta [1] kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Fim din ya fito ne daga Patrick S. Cunningham [1] da Rhea Scott Wani hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013.<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013.<ref name="Maryland-2013">{{Cite web |title=Mother of George |url=http://md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607072424/http://www.md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |archive-date=2013-06-07 |access-date=2013-08-31 |publisher=Maryland Film Festival}}</ref> Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title=Oscilloscope Acquires Andrew Dosonmu's Mother of George |url=https://deadline.com/2013/01/sundance-oscilloscope-acquires-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george-413717/ |access-date=14 March 2013 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * [[Babs Olusanmokun]] a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A na Rotten Tomatoes, kashi 91% na sake dubawa 45 masu sukar suna da kyau. <ref name="Metacritic">{{Cite web |title=''Mother of George'' |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/mother-of-george |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=December 31, 2025 |website=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[Fandom (website)#Fandom, Inc.|Fandom, Inc.]]}}</ref> Metacritic, wanda ke amfani da [[Weighted arithmetic mean|matsakaicin matsakaici]], ya ba fim ɗin kashi 77 daga cikin 100, bisa ga masu sukar 21, yana nuna "yawanci masu kyau". A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> rop7xmk8bt93th5mjk9rull7ggrlxak 967517 967516 2026-10-14T12:16:26Z Salma Raddah 45959 967517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Uwar George fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda Andrew Dosunmu ya jagoranta [1] kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Fim din ya fito ne daga Patrick S. Cunningham [1] da Rhea Scott Wani hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013.<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013.<ref name="Maryland-2013">{{Cite web |title=Mother of George |url=http://md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607072424/http://www.md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |archive-date=2013-06-07 |access-date=2013-08-31 |publisher=Maryland Film Festival}}</ref> Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title=Oscilloscope Acquires Andrew Dosonmu's Mother of George |url=https://deadline.com/2013/01/sundance-oscilloscope-acquires-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george-413717/ |access-date=14 March 2013 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * [[Babs Olusanmokun]] a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A na Rotten Tomatoes, kashi 91% na sake dubawa 45 masu sukar suna da kyau. <ref name="Metacritic">{{Cite web |title=''Mother of George'' |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/mother-of-george |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=December 31, 2025 |website=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[Fandom (website)#Fandom, Inc.|Fandom, Inc.]]}}</ref> Metacritic, wanda ke amfani da [[Weighted arithmetic mean|matsakaicin matsakaici]], ya ba fim ɗin kashi 77 daga cikin 100, bisa ga masu sukar 21, yana nuna "yawanci masu kyau". A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> mzoi94lqpvukztbjhoo0c49xcv2bxaw Ɗan kasuwa 0 27791 967566 967166 2026-10-14T14:15:53Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Tarihi */ 967566 wikitext text/x-wiki    Wani ''''''ɗan kasuwa'''''', wanda kuma ake kira dan kasuwa ko '''<nowiki/>'yar kasuwa''', mutum ne wanda ya kafa, ya samar, ko kuma yana da hannun jari a (ciki har da mala'ika mai saka hannun jari) kamfani mai zaman kansa. [dubious - tattauna] Wani dan kasuwa yana gudanar da ayyuka (kasuwanci ko masana'antu) don samar da kwararar kuɗi, tallace-tallace, da kudaden shiga ta hanyar amfani da haɗuwa da mutum, kudi, ilimi, da kuma kayan aiki na zahiri don bunkasa tattalin arziki da ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=businessman |url=http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/businessman.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202202231/http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/businessman.html |archive-date=2 February 2009 |access-date=6 July 2018 |publisher=WebFinance Inc. |quote=businessman[:] A person who is employed by an organization or company. Businessmen are often associated with white collar jobs. In order to avoid sexism or the perpetuation of stereotypes, the term "businessperson" is often used. The term "businesswoman" is less commonly used.}}</ref>  == Tarihi == === Lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya: Hawan ajiyar 'yan kasuwa === 'Yan kasuwa sun fito ne a matsayin zamantakewar al'umma a Italiya ta zamani. Tsakanin alif dubu daya da dari uku (1300) da alif dubu daya da dari biyar (1500), an kirkiro lissafin zamani, lissafin musayar, da iyakantaccen alhakin, kuma ta haka ne, duniya ta ga "masu banki na gaskiya na farko", waɗanda tabbas 'yan [[kasuwa]] ne. [yana buƙatar ambaton don tabbatarwa]  A lokaci guda, Turai ta ga "fitowar 'yan kasuwa masu arziki".Wannan "hawan ajiyar 'yan kasuwa" ya zo ne a matsayin Turai "ta buƙaci matsakaici" a karon farko, kuma waɗannan "burghers" ko "bourgeois" su ne mutanen da suka taka wannan rawar. === Renaissance zuwa Haskakawa: Tashin jari-hujja === [[Turai]] ta zama babbar Ikon [[kasuwanci]] na duniya a karni na 16, kuma yayin da Turawa suka haɓaka sabbin kayan aiki don kasuwanci, sababbin nau'ikan "mutane na kasuwanci" sun fara amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin. A wannan lokacin, Turai ta haɓaka kuma ta yi amfani da Kudin takarda, takardun shaida, da kamfanonin haɗin gwiwa (da hannun jarin su na hannun jari). Ci gaban da aka samu a kimiyyar lissafi da kuma rubuce-rubuce ya haifar da inshora. Tare, da sabon nau'in ɗan kasuwa, mai [[jari-hujja]] ya yi amfani da waɗannan sabbin kayan aiki. Wadannan mutane sun mallaki ko kuma sun ba da kuɗi ga kasuwanci a matsayin masu saka hannun jari, amma ba 'yan kasuwa ba ne. Wadannan masu jari-hujja sun kasance babbar karfi a [[Industrial Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2008 |title=Industrial Revolution Definition: History, Pros, and Cons |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/industrial-revolution.asp#:~:text=The%20industrial%20revolution%20developed%20in,to%20increase%20output%20and%20profitability. |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Investopedia |language=en}}</ref> The [[Oxford english dictionary|Oxford]] English Dictionary ya ba da rahoton farkon amfani da kalmar "masu kasuwanci" a cikin alif dubu daya da dari bakwai da chasa'in da takwas 1798, da kuma "masu kasuwa" a cikin 1803. A shekara ta alif 1860, rubutun "masu kasuwanci" ya fito. Merriam Webster ta ba da rahoton farkon amfani da kalmar "mace mai kasuwanci" a cikin 1827. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of "businesswoman" |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/businesswoman#:~:text=first%20known,above |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Merriam-Webster}}</ref> === Lokaci na zamani: Tashin mashahurin kasuwanci === [[File:Frank-carr-businessperson-common-history.jpg|thumb|Frank Carr c. 1965]] [[File:Hunter_Biden_poses_with_Jonathan_Li,_Joe_Biden,_and_Ming_Xue_in_China,_2013.jpg|thumb|Hunter Biden da [[Joe Biden]] a kasar Sin tare da Shugaba da abokan hulɗa na BHR, 2013 <ref name="Cohen 2024">{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Marshall |date=2024-12-28 |title=Newly released pictures show Joe Biden meeting Hunter Biden's Chinese business partners |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/28/politics/hunter-biden-joe-biden-business-partners-photos |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>]] Sabon nau'in zartarwa na kamfanoni da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin babban dan kasuwa shine manajan. Ɗaya daga cikin masu kafa gaskiya na farko na sana'ar gudanarwa shine Robert Owen (1771-1858). Ya kuma kasance Mashahurin dan kasuwanci a Scotland . Ya yi nazarin "matsalar yawan aiki da motsawa", kuma Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), wanda shine mutum na farko da ya yi nazarin aiki tare da dalilin horar da ma'aikatan a fagen gudanarwa don sanya su ingantattun manajoji da za su iya gudanar da kasuwancinsa. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na I]], gudanarwa ya zama sananne saboda misalin Herbert Hoover da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard, wanda ya ba da digiri a cikin gudanar da kasuwanci (management) tare da dalili don haɓaka ingantaccen manajoji don manyan kasuwancin su iya hayar su tare da burin haɓaka yawan aiki na manyan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. == Albashi == Albashi ga 'yan kasuwa ya bambanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Business and Financial Occupations |url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/home.htm |access-date=18 September 2015 |website=www.bls.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Management Occupations |url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/ |access-date=18 October 2015 |website=www.bls.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor |language=en-us}}</ref> Albashi na 'yan kasuwa na iya kaiwa dala Biliyoyin daloli a kowace shekara. Misali, mai mallakar [[Microsoft]], [[Bill Gates]] yana samun dala biliyan 4 a kowace shekara. &nbsp;Babban albashi da 'yan kasuwa ke samu sau da yawa ya kasance tushen zargi daga mutane da yawa waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa ana biyan su da yawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gavett |first=Gretchen |date=23 September 2014 |title=CEOs Get Paid Too Much |url=https://hbr.org/2014/09/ceos-get-paid-too-much-according-to-pretty-much-everyone-in-the-world/ |journal=Harvard Business Review |access-date=18 September 2015}}</ref> == Kasuwanci == Wani dan kasuwa mutum ne wanda ya kafa kasuwanci ko kasuwanci da yawa (masu kasuwanci). Ana iya bayyana Kasuwanci a matsayin halitta ko cire darajar tattalin arziki. Gabaɗaya ana tunanin yana rungumar haɗari fiye da abin da aka saba fuskanta wajen fara kasuwanci. Dalilin sa na iya haɗawa da wasu dabi'u fiye da na tattalin arziki kawai.<ref name="Investopedia 2006">{{Cite web |date=2006-05-01 |title=Entrepreneur: What It Means to Be One and How to Get Started |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/entrepreneur.asp |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Investopedia}}</ref><ref name="Stanford Online 2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-10 |title=What is entrepreneurship? |url=https://online.stanford.edu/what-is-entrepreneurship |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Stanford Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Starting a Business {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/finance/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/starting-business |access-date=5 December 2021 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> A cikin amfani gabaɗaya, saboda bambancin ba a bayyana ba, ana iya amfani da kalmar 'masu kasuwanci' a matsayin (kai-) ingantawa ga 'masu kasuwa', ko kuma yana iya aiki don nuna ainihin sha'awa da haɗari a fagen kasuwanci. Duk da haka, bambancin yana da digiri ɗaya kawai. <ref name="Define Business Terms 2023">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-19 |title=Difference between businessman and entrepreneur |url=https://www.definebusinessterms.com/difference-between-businessman-and-entrepreneur/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Define Business Terms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324053830/https://www.definebusinessterms.com/difference-between-businessman-and-entrepreneur/ |archive-date=2023-03-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="The Gritti Fund 2019">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-21 |title=The Difference Between An Industrialist, Businessman And An Entrepreneur |url=https://thegrittifund.com/entrepreneurship-definition/difference-industrialist-businessman-entrepreneur/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=The Gritti Fund}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Mashahurin kasuwanci * [[Ginin Daji|Kasuwanci]] * Dan kasuwa * Mai watsa labarai * Kamfanin * Mai Albashi * Ma'aikacin fararen ƙira * Mata a cikin kasuwanci ** Ahaha {{Clear}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == nh8dvesuj86s2pfj2c56onlzg035h02 967568 967566 2026-10-14T14:16:42Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Renaissance zuwa Haskakawa: Tashin jari-hujja */ 967568 wikitext text/x-wiki    Wani ''''''ɗan kasuwa'''''', wanda kuma ake kira dan kasuwa ko '''<nowiki/>'yar kasuwa''', mutum ne wanda ya kafa, ya samar, ko kuma yana da hannun jari a (ciki har da mala'ika mai saka hannun jari) kamfani mai zaman kansa. [dubious - tattauna] Wani dan kasuwa yana gudanar da ayyuka (kasuwanci ko masana'antu) don samar da kwararar kuɗi, tallace-tallace, da kudaden shiga ta hanyar amfani da haɗuwa da mutum, kudi, ilimi, da kuma kayan aiki na zahiri don bunkasa tattalin arziki da ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=businessman |url=http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/businessman.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202202231/http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/businessman.html |archive-date=2 February 2009 |access-date=6 July 2018 |publisher=WebFinance Inc. |quote=businessman[:] A person who is employed by an organization or company. Businessmen are often associated with white collar jobs. In order to avoid sexism or the perpetuation of stereotypes, the term "businessperson" is often used. The term "businesswoman" is less commonly used.}}</ref>  == Tarihi == === Lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya: Hawan ajiyar 'yan kasuwa === 'Yan kasuwa sun fito ne a matsayin zamantakewar al'umma a Italiya ta zamani. Tsakanin alif dubu daya da dari uku (1300) da alif dubu daya da dari biyar (1500), an kirkiro lissafin zamani, lissafin musayar, da iyakantaccen alhakin, kuma ta haka ne, duniya ta ga "masu banki na gaskiya na farko", waɗanda tabbas 'yan [[kasuwa]] ne. [yana buƙatar ambaton don tabbatarwa]  A lokaci guda, Turai ta ga "fitowar 'yan kasuwa masu arziki".Wannan "hawan ajiyar 'yan kasuwa" ya zo ne a matsayin Turai "ta buƙaci matsakaici" a karon farko, kuma waɗannan "burghers" ko "bourgeois" su ne mutanen da suka taka wannan rawar. === Renaissance zuwa Haskakawa: Tashin jari-hujja === [[Turai]] ta zama babbar Ikon [[kasuwanci]] na duniya a karni na 16, kuma yayin da Turawa suka haɓaka sabbin kayan aiki don kasuwanci, sababbin nau'ikan "mutane na kasuwanci" sun fara amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin. A wannan lokacin, Turai ta haɓaka kuma ta yi amfani da Kudin takarda, takardun shaida, da kamfanonin haɗin gwiwa (da hannun jarin su na hannun jari). Ci gaban da aka samu a kimiyyar lissafi da kuma rubuce-rubuce ya haifar da inshora. Tare, da sabon nau'in ɗan kasuwa, mai [[jari-hujja]] ya yi amfani da waɗannan sabbin kayan aiki. Wadannan mutane sun mallaki ko kuma sun ba da kuɗi ga kasuwanci a matsayin masu saka hannun jari, amma ba 'yan kasuwa ba ne. Wadannan masu jari-hujja sun kasance babbar karfi a [[Industrial Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2008 |title=Industrial Revolution Definition: History, Pros, and Cons |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/industrial-revolution.asp#:~:text=The%20industrial%20revolution%20developed%20in,to%20increase%20output%20and%20profitability. |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Investopedia |language=en}}</ref> The [[Oxford english dictionary|Oxford]] English Dictionary ya ba da rahoton farkon amfani da kalmar "masu kasuwanci" a cikin alif dubu daya da dari bakwai da chasa'in da takwas (1798), da kuma "masu kasuwa" a cikin 1803. A shekara ta alif 1860, rubutun "masu kasuwanci" ya fito. Merriam Webster ta ba da rahoton farkon amfani da kalmar "mace mai kasuwanci" a cikin 1827. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of "businesswoman" |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/businesswoman#:~:text=first%20known,above |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Merriam-Webster}}</ref> === Lokaci na zamani: Tashin mashahurin kasuwanci === [[File:Frank-carr-businessperson-common-history.jpg|thumb|Frank Carr c. 1965]] [[File:Hunter_Biden_poses_with_Jonathan_Li,_Joe_Biden,_and_Ming_Xue_in_China,_2013.jpg|thumb|Hunter Biden da [[Joe Biden]] a kasar Sin tare da Shugaba da abokan hulɗa na BHR, 2013 <ref name="Cohen 2024">{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Marshall |date=2024-12-28 |title=Newly released pictures show Joe Biden meeting Hunter Biden's Chinese business partners |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/28/politics/hunter-biden-joe-biden-business-partners-photos |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>]] Sabon nau'in zartarwa na kamfanoni da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin babban dan kasuwa shine manajan. Ɗaya daga cikin masu kafa gaskiya na farko na sana'ar gudanarwa shine Robert Owen (1771-1858). Ya kuma kasance Mashahurin dan kasuwanci a Scotland . Ya yi nazarin "matsalar yawan aiki da motsawa", kuma Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), wanda shine mutum na farko da ya yi nazarin aiki tare da dalilin horar da ma'aikatan a fagen gudanarwa don sanya su ingantattun manajoji da za su iya gudanar da kasuwancinsa. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na I]], gudanarwa ya zama sananne saboda misalin Herbert Hoover da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard, wanda ya ba da digiri a cikin gudanar da kasuwanci (management) tare da dalili don haɓaka ingantaccen manajoji don manyan kasuwancin su iya hayar su tare da burin haɓaka yawan aiki na manyan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. == Albashi == Albashi ga 'yan kasuwa ya bambanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Business and Financial Occupations |url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/home.htm |access-date=18 September 2015 |website=www.bls.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Management Occupations |url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/ |access-date=18 October 2015 |website=www.bls.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor |language=en-us}}</ref> Albashi na 'yan kasuwa na iya kaiwa dala Biliyoyin daloli a kowace shekara. Misali, mai mallakar [[Microsoft]], [[Bill Gates]] yana samun dala biliyan 4 a kowace shekara. &nbsp;Babban albashi da 'yan kasuwa ke samu sau da yawa ya kasance tushen zargi daga mutane da yawa waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa ana biyan su da yawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gavett |first=Gretchen |date=23 September 2014 |title=CEOs Get Paid Too Much |url=https://hbr.org/2014/09/ceos-get-paid-too-much-according-to-pretty-much-everyone-in-the-world/ |journal=Harvard Business Review |access-date=18 September 2015}}</ref> == Kasuwanci == Wani dan kasuwa mutum ne wanda ya kafa kasuwanci ko kasuwanci da yawa (masu kasuwanci). Ana iya bayyana Kasuwanci a matsayin halitta ko cire darajar tattalin arziki. Gabaɗaya ana tunanin yana rungumar haɗari fiye da abin da aka saba fuskanta wajen fara kasuwanci. Dalilin sa na iya haɗawa da wasu dabi'u fiye da na tattalin arziki kawai.<ref name="Investopedia 2006">{{Cite web |date=2006-05-01 |title=Entrepreneur: What It Means to Be One and How to Get Started |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/entrepreneur.asp |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Investopedia}}</ref><ref name="Stanford Online 2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-10 |title=What is entrepreneurship? |url=https://online.stanford.edu/what-is-entrepreneurship |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Stanford Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Starting a Business {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/finance/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/starting-business |access-date=5 December 2021 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> A cikin amfani gabaɗaya, saboda bambancin ba a bayyana ba, ana iya amfani da kalmar 'masu kasuwanci' a matsayin (kai-) ingantawa ga 'masu kasuwa', ko kuma yana iya aiki don nuna ainihin sha'awa da haɗari a fagen kasuwanci. Duk da haka, bambancin yana da digiri ɗaya kawai. <ref name="Define Business Terms 2023">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-19 |title=Difference between businessman and entrepreneur |url=https://www.definebusinessterms.com/difference-between-businessman-and-entrepreneur/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Define Business Terms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324053830/https://www.definebusinessterms.com/difference-between-businessman-and-entrepreneur/ |archive-date=2023-03-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="The Gritti Fund 2019">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-21 |title=The Difference Between An Industrialist, Businessman And An Entrepreneur |url=https://thegrittifund.com/entrepreneurship-definition/difference-industrialist-businessman-entrepreneur/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=The Gritti Fund}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Mashahurin kasuwanci * [[Ginin Daji|Kasuwanci]] * Dan kasuwa * Mai watsa labarai * Kamfanin * Mai Albashi * Ma'aikacin fararen ƙira * Mata a cikin kasuwanci ** Ahaha {{Clear}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == i9oyd5huzm8isgfhkzcjmjdk8qtl917 Makarantar ƴancin sakandire 0 29968 967789 505478 2026-10-15T08:18:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Makarantar Sakandaren 'Yanci''', kuma aka sani da '''Freedom-South Riding''', makarantar sakandare ce ta jama'a a Kudancin Riding, al'ummar da ba ta da haɗin kai a cikin Loudoun County, [[Virginia]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] mai nisan mil 25 yamma da [[Washington DC|Washington, DC]] Makarantar tana cikin Makarantun Jama'a na Loudoun County.<ref name=vhsl1>{{Cite web | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CPgttHgEprNOVo0x7WdNqSu-lKiNC-EW/view | date = June 19, 2019 | title = VHSL Member Directory Report | via = drive.google.com | publisher = [[Virginia High School League|VHSL]] | access-date = June 20, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LCPS Cluster Enrollment 2018|url=https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib/VA01000195/Centricity/domain/66/student%20enrollment/September%202018%20Attendance%20Report.pdf|accessdate=June 17, 2019|archive-date=October 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023034845/https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib/VA01000195/Centricity/domain/66/student%20enrollment/September%202018%20Attendance%20Report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Freedom clamps down on Champe in rivalry showdown|url=https://www.loudountimes.com/sports/freedom-clamps-down-on-champe-in-rivalry-showdown/article_8a828230-12bb-11e9-8fa0-4f455f88d7ad.html|accessdate=October 22, 2018}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Gudanarwa == Shugabar Makarantar Sakandare ta Freedom Neelum Chaudhry. Chaudhry ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban makarantar kafin ya zama shugaban makarantar. == Tarihi == An buɗe 'yanci a cikin shekarata 2005, yana zana ɗalibansa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Broad Run, Makarantar Sakandare ta Loudoun County, da ƙaramin yanki na Makarantar Sakandare na Stone Bridge. Kafin shekarar makaranta ta 2011-2012 an yanke shawarar gudanar da wani ɓangare na azuzuwan farko a makarantar sakandaren da ke kusa, Mercer Middle School. Rijistar a Freedom ya haura sama da ɗalibai kimanin 2,000 (bayanin kula: ƙarfin ginin shine 1,600). Saboda sabon bude makarantar J. Michael Lunsford wannan ya yiwu. Tun daga wannan lokacin, makarantar sakandare ta John Champe ta buɗe don rage cunkoso. Kafin farkon shekarar makaranta ta 2015-2016, an faɗaɗa makarantar da kusan ƙafa 13,000. == Malamai == 'Yanci ya sami lambobin yabo na shekara-shekara na Index na Ayyuka (VIP), waɗanda, tun daga shekarata 2007, sun gane ci gaba koyo da nasara kuma Gwamna na Virginia da Sashen Ilimi na Virginia ke ba su . === Zane-zane === '''2010 Freedom Marching Band Season Nasaro:''' USSBA Arewacin Virginia Yanki, Satumba 25, shekarata 2010 - Matsayi na farko gabaɗaya a rukunin 5A Mafi kyawun Tasirin Gabaɗaya, Ayyukan Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kaya, da Kare Launi{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''2009 Freedom Marching Band Season Nasarorin''' USSBA Northern Virginia Regional, Herndon High School, Satumba 26, shekarar 2009{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} - Matsayi na 3 gabaɗaya a cikin rukuni na 4A - bugun wuri na 1st USSBA Blue Ridge Showcase, James Wood High School, Oktoba 17, shekarar 2009{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} - Matsayi na 1 gabaɗaya a cikin rukuni 4 - Babban Tasiri Gabaɗaya - Babban Kiɗa '''Nasarar Lokacin Kwangilar 'Yanci na 2014:''' Gasar Wasannin Da'awa na Ƙungiyar Cikin Gida ta Atlantic a Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yanci, Maris 29, shekarar 2014 - Matsayi na 4 Gabaɗaya a PSO{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta WGI a Dayton, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]], Afrilu 10–12, 2014 - Matsayi na 7 Gabaɗaya a PSA{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''2011 Freedom Drumline Season Nasaro: Gasar''' Yanki na Cikin Gida na Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙasa a Ƙasar Ƙarfafa na Runduna, Fabrairu 12, shekarata 2011 - Matsayi na 3 Gabaɗaya a PSO{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} Gasar Yanki na Ƙungiyar Cikin Gida ta Ƙungiyar Ƙasa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Potomac Falls, Fabrairu 19, shekarata 2011 - Matsayi na 2 Gabaɗaya a PSO '''2010 Freedom Drumline Season Nasarorin: Gasar''' Wasannin Wasannin Wasannin Cikin Gida na Atlantic, Chesapeake, VA, Maris 27–28, shekarar 2010 - Matsayi na 2 Gabaɗaya da AIA PSA Masu Lamban Azurfa tare da maki na ƙarshe na 90.488 - Matsayi na farko na Kayayyakin gani Gasar Yanki na Cikin Gida na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun CD, CD Hylton High School, Maris 20, shekarata 2010 - Matsayi na Farko Gabaɗaya a cikin PSA Gasar Yanki na Cikin Cikin Ƙungiyar Atlantic, Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta [[Thomas Jefferson]], Maris 13, shekarar 2010 - Wuri na Farko Gabaɗaya a cikin PSA tare da maki 86.05 - Matsayi na Farko - Babban Tasirin Wuri na Farko Gasar Yanki na Ƙungiyar Cikin Gida ta Atlantic, Makarantar Sakandare ta Mills Godwin, Maris 6, 2010 - Wuri na Farko Gabaɗaya a cikin PSA tare da maki 81.20 - Wuri na 1st Kayayyakin - Babban Tasirin Matsayi na 1st '''2011 Freedom WinterGuard Season Complishments''' - Freedom Winterguard AA Nasara a TJHS: Broken Hallelujah Gasar Yanki na Ƙungiyar Cikin Gida ta Atlantic, Makarantar Sakandare ta Runduna, Fabrairu 12, 2011 - Matsayi na 1 gabaɗaya a CGSRA - An Sake Rarraba zuwa CGSA3. Gasar Yanki na Ƙungiyar Cikin Gida ta Atlantic, Makarantar Sakandare ta Potomac Falls, Fabrairu 19, 2011 - Matsayi na 1 gabaɗaya a CGSA3 - An Sake Rarraba zuwa CGSA2. '''2010 Freedom Winterguard Season Nasarorin Gasar Wasannin Da'awa''' na Cikin Gida na Atlantic Indoor Association, Chesapeake, VA, Maris 27–28, 2010 - Matsayi na 1 gabaɗaya da shekarar 2010 AIA CGSN Gold Medalists tare da maki na ƙarshe na 83.45 - Ya ɗauki duk taken. Gasar Yanki na Cikin cikin Ƙungiyar Atlantic, Makarantar Sakandare ta CD Hylton, Maris 20, 2010 - Matsayi na 1 gabaɗaya a cikin CGSN tare da maki 72.1 - Nasara kayan aiki, motsi, da taken gani Gasar Yanki na Cikin Gida na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun na Mills Godwin, Maris 6, shekarata 2010 - matsayi na 1 gaba ɗaya a cikin CGSN tare da maki 62.5 == Alkaluma == Tun daga shekarar makaranta ta a shekarar 2016–17, 'Yanci ya kasance 0.4% Ba'amurke Ba'amurke/'Yan Asalin [[Alaska]], 27.9% Asiya, 6.4% Baƙar fata, 9.0% Hispanic, 0.2% Ɗan Asalin Hawai / Tsibirin Pacific, 50.5% Fari, da 5.6% na launin fata da yawa. == Wasan motsa jiki == 'Yanci memba ne na Kungiyar Makarantar Sakandare ta Virginia (Class 5, Yanki 5C, gundumar Potomac) kuma tana fafatawa a matsayin Eagles a cikin waɗannan wasannin varsity da ayyuka: * Wasanni maza: Ƙ * Ƙwallon ƙafa * Co-ed: Golf * Wasannin Haɗin Kai : Kwando, Waƙa & Filaye ; Gasar zakarun jihar Virginia * Kwando ('yan mata): shekarun 2009, 2010 * Gymnastics: 2018, 2019 * Lacrosse ('yan mata): 2016, 2018, <ref name="vhslchampions2018" /> <ref name="ltm190612" /> 2019 == Bayanan kula == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ah9yj9rkgse8zoekbvxrgxs3vzgxkck Margaret Ashton 0 32282 967813 472136 2026-10-15T10:06:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Margaret Ashton''' (19 Janairun shekarar 1856 - 15 Oktoban shekarar 1937). yar kasar Ingila ce, 'yar siyasa, mai son zaman lafiya kuma mai bayar da agaji, kuma mace ta farko da ta zama 'yar majalisar birni na [[Manchester]].<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/content/articles/2006/07/04/040706_margaret_ashton_feature.shtml</ref> == Sana'a == Margaret Ashton ita ce mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar majalisar dokokin birnin Manchester, kuma a shekara ta 1908 ta zama mace ta farko kansila a lokacin da aka zabe ta kansila a [[Manchester]] Withington. [[File:Debate_between_Suffrage_&_Anti-Suffrage_Societies_held_at_Free_Trade_Hall,_Manchester.jpg|left|thumb| Muhawara a Zauren Ciniki Kyauta tare da masu fafutuka v. anti-suffragists. Ashton ita ce ta uku daga hagu a layin gaba.]] A matsayinta na memba na kwamitin kula da lafiyar jama'a na Manchester kuma shugabar kwamitin kula da mata masu juna biyu da na yara, Ashton ta amince da asibitocin uwa da jarirai da kuma inganta madara kyauta ga jarirai da sabbin iyaye mata. A cikin shekarar 1914 ta kafa Asibitin Babies na Manchester tare da Dakta Catherine Chisholm (1878-1952).<ref>https://archive.org/details/longroadtogreenh0000lidd</ref> Da ɓarkewar yakin duniya na farko a shekara ta 1914, Ashton na daga cikin 'yan tsiraru na kasa da kasa wadanda suka balle daga (NUWSS) da kuma yunkurin zaben. Ta kuma kasance mai sanya hannu kan ' Buɗewar Wasikar [[Kirsimeti]] ', kiran zaman lafiya da aka yi magana a cikin 'yan'uwa "Ga matan Jamus da [[Austriya|Austria]]", wanda aka buga a ''(Jus Suffragii)'' a cikin Janairu 1915. Ta fara reshen Manchester na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Aminci da 'Yanci.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bahs.org.uk/AGHR/ARTICLES/54n1a6.pdf |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413215727/https://www.bahs.org.uk/AGHR/ARTICLES/54n1a6.pdf |archive-date=2024-04-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Fayil:Miss Margaret Ashton at the Duchess of York Hospital. Wellcome L0021286.jpg|thumb|Margaret Ashton]] A cikin shekarar 1920 Ƙungiyar Farm na Mata da Lambuna ta kafa saitin ƙananan hannun jari a cikin shekarata 1920 don mata a Surrey. Wadanda suka fara ba da kuɗaɗen su ne Margaret Ashton wacce ta sami fam 5,000 da [[Sydney]] Renee Courtauld wacce ta ba da rancen £4,000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bahs.org.uk/AGHR/ARTICLES/54n1a6.pdf |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413215727/https://www.bahs.org.uk/AGHR/ARTICLES/54n1a6.pdf |archive-date=2024-04-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Gado == A cikin shekarar 1938, wasu abokai da masu sha'awar Ashton sun kafa kwamiti na tunawa wanda ya ba da gudummawar ayyuka guda biyu: * Wuraren zama a babban dakin taro na Manchester don amfani da Lady Mayoress da sauran baƙi. A can baya kuma wurin zama akwai tebur da ke ɗauke da abubuwan da ta aikata. * Wani jerin lacca na tunawa na shekara-shekara, wanda Jami'ar Victoria ta Manchester ta shirya, wanda ke canzawa tsakanin jami'a da Kamfanin Manchester . Lacca ta farko, akan 'yan Victoria, Mary Stocks ce ta ba da ita, shugabar Kwalejin Westfield akan 20 Maris din shekarar 1941. A cikin shekarar 1982, an sake buɗe makarantar sakandare ta Harpurhey don 'yan mata a matsayin Kwalejin Form na shida na Margaret Ashton. Sunanta da hotonta (da na wasu mata 58 masu goyon bayan zaɓen) suna kan dutsen mutum-mutumi na Millicent Fawcett a Dandalin Majalisar, London; an bayyana shi a cikin shekarata 2018. [[Fayil:Margaret (Małgorzata Jamroży) By Daniel Åhs Karlsson (cropped).jpg|thumb|Margaret Ashton]] Margaret Ashton tana daya daga cikin mata shida da aka zaba don sabon mutum-mutumi na jama'a a [[Manchester]]. Za a sanar da wanda ya yi nasara, da kuri’ar jama’a, a shekarar 2019. == Manazarta == [[Category:Mata Lakcarori]] [[Category:Mata yan siyasa]] [[Category:Turawa yan Amurka]] 39mrb0x6rqkhbgcch44095oby0jwy5j Xzavier Dickson 0 34285 967680 517351 2026-10-14T21:44:38Z Nura Bello 24854 967680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Jesse Williams of the Alabama Crimson Tide.jpg|thumb|Xzavier Dickson]] [[Fayil:Xzavier Dickson and Jesse Williams of the Alabama Crimson Tide.jpg|thumb|Xzavier Dickson a farko]] '''Xzavier Dickson''' (an haife shi ne a watan Satumba 11, 1992) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka. An tsara shi tare da zaɓi na 253rd na daftarin 2015 NFL ta New England Patriots. Dickson ya sanya hannu kan Atlanta Falcons a kan Disamba 30, 2015. Ya buga kwallon kafa na kwaleji a Alabama . == Aikin koleji == A cikin aikinsa na kwaleji (2012–2014), ya bayyana a cikin wasanni 39 na Alabama . A cikin kakarsa ta ƙarshe kafin ya shiga daftarin, ya shiga aƙalla buhu 0.5 a cikin wasanni biyar madaidaiciya kuma ya gama kakar tare da buhu 9.0, 42 tackles, da tackles 12.5 don asara. == Sana'ar sana'a == === NFL === An tsara Dickson a zagaye na 7th na 2015 NFL daftarin ta New England Patriots . Patriots sun sake shi a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2015. Ya kuma shafe lokaci tare da Atlanta Falcons a kan tawagarsu. === Irin Birmingham === A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 2018, Birmingham Iron ta dauko Dickson. A cikin mabudin kakar wasa a kan Memphis Express, Dickson ya katse hanyar wucewa ta Express daga kwata-kwata Brandon Silvers . Kungiyar ta daina aiki a watan Afrilun 2019. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150510130514/http://www.rolltide.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/xzavier_dickson_768184.html Alabama Crimson Tide bio] [[category:Haifaffun 1992]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] a25frgvvyx7jejfkenx5ddf8dzpow7s 967681 967680 2026-10-14T21:46:37Z Nura Bello 24854 967681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Jesse Williams of the Alabama Crimson Tide.jpg|thumb|Xzavier Dickson]] [[Fayil:Xzavier Dickson and Jesse Williams of the Alabama Crimson Tide.jpg|thumb|Xzavier Dickson a farko]] '''Xzavier Dickson''' (an haife shi ne a watan Satumba 11, 1992) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka. An tsara shi tare da zaɓi na 253rd na daftarin 2015 NFL ta New England Patriots. Dickson ya sanya hannu kan Atlanta Falcons a kan Disamba 30, 2015. Ya buga kwallon kafa na kwaleji a Alabama . == Aikin koleji == A cikin aikinsa na kwaleji (2012–2014), ya bayyana a cikin wasanni 39 na Alabama . A cikin kakarsa ta ƙarshe kafin ya shiga daftarin, ya shiga aƙalla buhu 0.5 a cikin wasanni biyar madaidaiciya kuma ya gama kakar tare da buhu 9.0, 42 tackles, da tackles 12.5 don asara. == Sana'ar sana'a == === NFL === An tsara Dickson a zagaye na 7th na 2015 NFL daftarin ta New England Patriots . Patriots sun sake shi a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba, 2015. Ya kuma shafe lokaci tare da Atlanta Falcons a kan tawagarsu. === Irin Birmingham === A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 2018, Birmingham Iron ta dauko Dickson. A cikin mabudin kakar wasa a kan Memphis Express, Dickson ya katse hanyar wucewa ta Express daga kwata-kwata Brandon Silvers . Kungiyar ta daina aiki a watan Afrilun 2019. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150510130514/http://www.rolltide.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/xzavier_dickson_768184.html Alabama Crimson Tide bio] [[category:Haifaffun 1992]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] hy8jah4x0h91ruvricau5cj3yg173kv Cultural Revolution 0 40918 967779 833056 2026-10-15T04:47:36Z Galadanchi123 50022 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380261480|Cultural Revolution]]" 967779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Main|Great Leap Forward|Great Chinese Famine}}  {{Infobox event|image=Cultural Revolution poster.jpg}}<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>  <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="History of the People's Republic of China/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox event|image=Cultural Revolution poster.jpg}}'''Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu''', wanda aka fi sani da Babban Juyin Juyin Juyan Halin Al-adu, ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewar siyasa a [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]] (PRC). [[Mao Zedong]], shugaban Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin ne ya kaddamar da shi a shekarar 1966 kuma ya kasance har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 1976. Manufarta ita ce inganta Kwaminisanci na kasar Sin ta hanyar kawar da ragowar [[jari-hujja]] da abubuwan gargajiya daga Al'ummar kasar Sin da gwamnati. A watan Mayu 1966, tare da taimakon Kungiyar Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, Mao ya kaddamar da juyin juya halin kuma ya ce 'yan kasuwa sun shiga cikin gwamnati da al'umma da manufar maido da jari-hujja. Mao ya yi kira ga matasa da su 'Bombard the Headquarters', kuma ya yi shelar cewa "tawaye ya cancanci". Rikicin ya fara ne a [[Beijing]] tare da Red Agusta a shekarar 1966. Matasa da yawa sun amsa ta hanyar kafa ma'aikatan Red Guards a duk faɗin kasar Sin. Kalmomin da Shugaba Mao Tse-tung ya yi sun zama abin girmamawa a cikin wata ƙungiya ta mutum. A shekara ta 1967, masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun yi tawaye kuma sun kwace iko daga kananan hukumomi da rassan jam'iyya, sun kafa Kwamitocin juyin juya hali a madadin su yayin da suke rushe tsaron jama'a, lauya da tsarin shari'a. Wadannan kwamitocin sau da yawa sun rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi, suna haifar da rikice-rikicen makamai tsakanin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Bayan faduwar Lin Biao a 1971, Gang of Four ya zama mai tasiri a 1972, kuma juyin juya halin ya ci gaba har zuwa mutuwar Mao a 1976, sannan aka kamawa Gang of Four. Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu ya kasance da tashin hankali da rikici a duk faɗin al'ummar kasar Sin. Kimanin adadin wadanda suka mutu ya bambanta, daga miliyan 1 zuwa 2, gami da Kisan kiyashi na Guangxi wanda ya hada da cin nama, da kisan gilla a Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Guangdong, Yunnan, da Hunan . <ref name="Song-2011a">{{Cite web |last=Song |first=Yongyi |author-link=Song Yongyi |date=25 August 2011 |title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) |url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114034126/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976.html |archive-date=2024-01-14 |access-date=27 December 2019 |website=[[Sciences Po]]}}</ref><ref name="Wang-2001">{{Cite web |last=Wang |first=Youqin |author-link=Wang Youqin |date=2001 |title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966 |url=https://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223052419/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf |archive-date=23 December 2018 |access-date=4 February 2026 |publisher=[[The University of Chicago]]}}</ref> Red Guards sun nemi halakar da Tsofaffi huɗu (tsoffin ra'ayoyi, tsoffin al'adu, da tsoffin halaye), wanda sau da yawa ya ɗauki nau'in lalata kayan tarihi da wuraren al'adu da na addini. An tsananta wa miliyoyin mutane, ciki har da jami'ai kamar [[Liu Shaoqi]], Deng Xiaoping da Peng Dehuai; an tsananta wa Miliyoyin mutane saboda kasancewa mambobi ne na Black Categories guda biyar, tare da masu ilimi da masana kimiyya da aka lakafta su da Stinking Old Ninth. An rufe makarantu da jami'o'i, kuma an soke Jarabawar shiga Kwalejin Kasa. Fiye da matasa miliyan 10 daga birane sun sake komawa karkashin Down to the Countryside Movement.&nbsp; In 1978, Deng Xiaoping became the paramount leader, replacing Mao's successor Hua Guofeng. Deng and his allies introduced the ''Boluan Fanzheng'' program and initiated the reform and opening up, which, together with the New Enlightenment movement, dismantled the ideology of the Cultural Revolution. In 1981, the CCP publicly acknowledged failures of the Cultural Revolution, declaring it "responsible for the most severe setback and the heaviest losses suffered by the people, the country, and the party since the founding of the People's Republic." Memories and perspectives of the Cultural Revolution are varied and complex in contemporary China. It is often referred to as the "ten years of chaos" (十年动乱; shí nián dòngluàn) or "ten years of havoc" (十年浩劫; shí nián hàojié).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translation Glossary for the CR/10 Project |url=https://culturalrevolution.pitt.edu/media/cr10-glossary.pdf |access-date=November 28, 2023 |publisher=[[University of Pittsburgh]]}}</ref> == Magana == Kalmomin "juyin juya halin al'adu" sun bayyana a cikin jawabai da jaridu na jam'iyyar kwaminisanci kafin kafa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. A wannan lokacin, an yi amfani da kalmar tare da "ginin al'adu" kuma ana nufin kawar da jahilci don fadada sa hannun jama'a a cikin al'amuran jama'a. Wannan amfani da "juyin juya halin al'adu" ya ci gaba a cikin shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekarun 1960, kuma sau da yawa ya haɗa da zana kwatankwacin Mayu Fourth Movement ko juyin juya halin gargajiya na Soviet daga 1928 zuwa 1931.{{Rp|56}} === Halitta Jamhuriyar Jama'a ===   A ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1949, Mao Zedong ya ayyana Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, a matsayin alama ta kawo karshen Yaƙin basasar kasar Sin na tsawon shekaru. Sauran sojojin Nationalist sun gudu zuwa [[Yanayin Taiwan|Taiwan]] kuma sun ci gaba da tsayayya da Jamhuriyar Jama'a ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Sojoji da yawa na 'yan kasar Sin sun bar su a kasar Sin, kuma, a cikin 1950, Mao Zedong ya kaddamar da Kamfen don Kashe masu adawa da juyin juya hali don kawar da wadannan sojoji da aka bari, da kuma wasu daga cikin al'ummar kasar Sin da ake ganin suna da haɗari ga sabuwar gwamnatin Mao. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}} === Babban Tsalle zuwa Gaba === {{Excerpt|Great Leap Forward|only=paragraph}}  == Manazarta == 5d3kndfz099hsqixgxkdrqxr2jm0rej 967780 967779 2026-10-15T04:49:21Z Galadanchi123 50022 967780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Main|Great Leap Forward|Great Chinese Famine}}  {{Infobox event|image=Cultural Revolution poster.jpg}}<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>  <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="History of the People's Republic of China/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox event|image=Cultural Revolution poster.jpg}}{{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu''', wanda aka fi sani da Babban Juyin Juyin Juyan Halin Al-adu, ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewar siyasa a [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]] (PRC). [[Mao Zedong]], shugaban Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin ne ya kaddamar da shi a shekarar 1966 kuma ya kasance har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 1976. Manufarta ita ce inganta Kwaminisanci na kasar Sin ta hanyar kawar da ragowar [[jari-hujja]] da abubuwan gargajiya daga Al'ummar kasar Sin da gwamnati. A watan Mayu 1966, tare da taimakon Kungiyar Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, Mao ya kaddamar da juyin juya halin kuma ya ce 'yan kasuwa sun shiga cikin gwamnati da al'umma da manufar maido da jari-hujja. Mao ya yi kira ga matasa da su 'Bombard the Headquarters', kuma ya yi shelar cewa "tawaye ya cancanci". Rikicin ya fara ne a [[Beijing]] tare da Red Agusta a shekarar 1966. Matasa da yawa sun amsa ta hanyar kafa ma'aikatan Red Guards a duk faɗin kasar Sin. Kalmomin da Shugaba Mao Tse-tung ya yi sun zama abin girmamawa a cikin wata ƙungiya ta mutum. A shekara ta 1967, masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun yi tawaye kuma sun kwace iko daga kananan hukumomi da rassan jam'iyya, sun kafa Kwamitocin juyin juya hali a madadin su yayin da suke rushe tsaron jama'a, lauya da tsarin shari'a. Wadannan kwamitocin sau da yawa sun rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi, suna haifar da rikice-rikicen makamai tsakanin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Bayan faduwar Lin Biao a 1971, Gang of Four ya zama mai tasiri a 1972, kuma juyin juya halin ya ci gaba har zuwa mutuwar Mao a 1976, sannan aka kamawa Gang of Four. Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu ya kasance da tashin hankali da rikici a duk faɗin al'ummar kasar Sin. Kimanin adadin wadanda suka mutu ya bambanta, daga miliyan 1 zuwa 2, gami da Kisan kiyashi na Guangxi wanda ya hada da cin nama, da kisan gilla a Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Guangdong, Yunnan, da Hunan . <ref name="Song-2011a">{{Cite web |last=Song |first=Yongyi |author-link=Song Yongyi |date=25 August 2011 |title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) |url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114034126/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976.html |archive-date=2024-01-14 |access-date=27 December 2019 |website=[[Sciences Po]]}}</ref><ref name="Wang-2001">{{Cite web |last=Wang |first=Youqin |author-link=Wang Youqin |date=2001 |title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966 |url=https://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223052419/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf |archive-date=23 December 2018 |access-date=4 February 2026 |publisher=[[The University of Chicago]]}}</ref> Red Guards sun nemi halakar da Tsofaffi huɗu (tsoffin ra'ayoyi, tsoffin al'adu, da tsoffin halaye), wanda sau da yawa ya ɗauki nau'in lalata kayan tarihi da wuraren al'adu da na addini. An tsananta wa miliyoyin mutane, ciki har da jami'ai kamar [[Liu Shaoqi]], Deng Xiaoping da Peng Dehuai; an tsananta wa Miliyoyin mutane saboda kasancewa mambobi ne na Black Categories guda biyar, tare da masu ilimi da masana kimiyya da aka lakafta su da Stinking Old Ninth. An rufe makarantu da jami'o'i, kuma an soke Jarabawar shiga Kwalejin Kasa. Fiye da matasa miliyan 10 daga birane sun sake komawa karkashin Down to the Countryside Movement.&nbsp; In 1978, Deng Xiaoping became the paramount leader, replacing Mao's successor Hua Guofeng. Deng and his allies introduced the ''Boluan Fanzheng'' program and initiated the reform and opening up, which, together with the New Enlightenment movement, dismantled the ideology of the Cultural Revolution. In 1981, the CCP publicly acknowledged failures of the Cultural Revolution, declaring it "responsible for the most severe setback and the heaviest losses suffered by the people, the country, and the party since the founding of the People's Republic." Memories and perspectives of the Cultural Revolution are varied and complex in contemporary China. It is often referred to as the "ten years of chaos" (十年动乱; shí nián dòngluàn) or "ten years of havoc" (十年浩劫; shí nián hàojié).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translation Glossary for the CR/10 Project |url=https://culturalrevolution.pitt.edu/media/cr10-glossary.pdf |access-date=November 28, 2023 |publisher=[[University of Pittsburgh]]}}</ref> == Magana == Kalmomin "juyin juya halin al'adu" sun bayyana a cikin jawabai da jaridu na jam'iyyar kwaminisanci kafin kafa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. A wannan lokacin, an yi amfani da kalmar tare da "ginin al'adu" kuma ana nufin kawar da jahilci don fadada sa hannun jama'a a cikin al'amuran jama'a. Wannan amfani da "juyin juya halin al'adu" ya ci gaba a cikin shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekarun 1960, kuma sau da yawa ya haɗa da zana kwatankwacin Mayu Fourth Movement ko juyin juya halin gargajiya na Soviet daga 1928 zuwa 1931.{{Rp|56}} === Halitta Jamhuriyar Jama'a ===   A ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1949, Mao Zedong ya ayyana Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, a matsayin alama ta kawo karshen Yaƙin basasar kasar Sin na tsawon shekaru. Sauran sojojin Nationalist sun gudu zuwa [[Yanayin Taiwan|Taiwan]] kuma sun ci gaba da tsayayya da Jamhuriyar Jama'a ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Sojoji da yawa na 'yan kasar Sin sun bar su a kasar Sin, kuma, a cikin 1950, Mao Zedong ya kaddamar da Kamfen don Kashe masu adawa da juyin juya hali don kawar da wadannan sojoji da aka bari, da kuma wasu daga cikin al'ummar kasar Sin da ake ganin suna da haɗari ga sabuwar gwamnatin Mao. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}} === Babban Tsalle zuwa Gaba === {{Excerpt|Great Leap Forward|only=paragraph}}  == Manazarta == s4h3nmrfqh1whyufj7z9ry1mi8ulocm 967818 967780 2026-10-15T10:47:34Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Halitta Jamhuriyar Jama'a */ 967818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Main|Great Leap Forward|Great Chinese Famine}}  {{Infobox event|image=Cultural Revolution poster.jpg}}<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>  <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="History of the People's Republic of China/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox event|image=Cultural Revolution poster.jpg}}{{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu''', wanda aka fi sani da Babban Juyin Juyin Juyan Halin Al-adu, ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewar siyasa a [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]] (PRC). [[Mao Zedong]], shugaban Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin ne ya kaddamar da shi a shekarar 1966 kuma ya kasance har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 1976. Manufarta ita ce inganta Kwaminisanci na kasar Sin ta hanyar kawar da ragowar [[jari-hujja]] da abubuwan gargajiya daga Al'ummar kasar Sin da gwamnati. A watan Mayu 1966, tare da taimakon Kungiyar Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, Mao ya kaddamar da juyin juya halin kuma ya ce 'yan kasuwa sun shiga cikin gwamnati da al'umma da manufar maido da jari-hujja. Mao ya yi kira ga matasa da su 'Bombard the Headquarters', kuma ya yi shelar cewa "tawaye ya cancanci". Rikicin ya fara ne a [[Beijing]] tare da Red Agusta a shekarar 1966. Matasa da yawa sun amsa ta hanyar kafa ma'aikatan Red Guards a duk faɗin kasar Sin. Kalmomin da Shugaba Mao Tse-tung ya yi sun zama abin girmamawa a cikin wata ƙungiya ta mutum. A shekara ta 1967, masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun yi tawaye kuma sun kwace iko daga kananan hukumomi da rassan jam'iyya, sun kafa Kwamitocin juyin juya hali a madadin su yayin da suke rushe tsaron jama'a, lauya da tsarin shari'a. Wadannan kwamitocin sau da yawa sun rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi, suna haifar da rikice-rikicen makamai tsakanin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Bayan faduwar Lin Biao a 1971, Gang of Four ya zama mai tasiri a 1972, kuma juyin juya halin ya ci gaba har zuwa mutuwar Mao a 1976, sannan aka kamawa Gang of Four. Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu ya kasance da tashin hankali da rikici a duk faɗin al'ummar kasar Sin. Kimanin adadin wadanda suka mutu ya bambanta, daga miliyan 1 zuwa 2, gami da Kisan kiyashi na Guangxi wanda ya hada da cin nama, da kisan gilla a Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Guangdong, Yunnan, da Hunan . <ref name="Song-2011a">{{Cite web |last=Song |first=Yongyi |author-link=Song Yongyi |date=25 August 2011 |title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) |url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114034126/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976.html |archive-date=2024-01-14 |access-date=27 December 2019 |website=[[Sciences Po]]}}</ref><ref name="Wang-2001">{{Cite web |last=Wang |first=Youqin |author-link=Wang Youqin |date=2001 |title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966 |url=https://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223052419/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf |archive-date=23 December 2018 |access-date=4 February 2026 |publisher=[[The University of Chicago]]}}</ref> Red Guards sun nemi halakar da Tsofaffi huɗu (tsoffin ra'ayoyi, tsoffin al'adu, da tsoffin halaye), wanda sau da yawa ya ɗauki nau'in lalata kayan tarihi da wuraren al'adu da na addini. An tsananta wa miliyoyin mutane, ciki har da jami'ai kamar [[Liu Shaoqi]], Deng Xiaoping da Peng Dehuai; an tsananta wa Miliyoyin mutane saboda kasancewa mambobi ne na Black Categories guda biyar, tare da masu ilimi da masana kimiyya da aka lakafta su da Stinking Old Ninth. An rufe makarantu da jami'o'i, kuma an soke Jarabawar shiga Kwalejin Kasa. Fiye da matasa miliyan 10 daga birane sun sake komawa karkashin Down to the Countryside Movement.&nbsp; In 1978, Deng Xiaoping became the paramount leader, replacing Mao's successor Hua Guofeng. Deng and his allies introduced the ''Boluan Fanzheng'' program and initiated the reform and opening up, which, together with the New Enlightenment movement, dismantled the ideology of the Cultural Revolution. In 1981, the CCP publicly acknowledged failures of the Cultural Revolution, declaring it "responsible for the most severe setback and the heaviest losses suffered by the people, the country, and the party since the founding of the People's Republic." Memories and perspectives of the Cultural Revolution are varied and complex in contemporary China. It is often referred to as the "ten years of chaos" (十年动乱; shí nián dòngluàn) or "ten years of havoc" (十年浩劫; shí nián hàojié).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translation Glossary for the CR/10 Project |url=https://culturalrevolution.pitt.edu/media/cr10-glossary.pdf |access-date=November 28, 2023 |publisher=[[University of Pittsburgh]]}}</ref> == Magana == Kalmomin "juyin juya halin al'adu" sun bayyana a cikin jawabai da jaridu na jam'iyyar kwaminisanci kafin kafa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. A wannan lokacin, an yi amfani da kalmar tare da "ginin al'adu" kuma ana nufin kawar da jahilci don fadada sa hannun jama'a a cikin al'amuran jama'a. Wannan amfani da "juyin juya halin al'adu" ya ci gaba a cikin shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekarun 1960, kuma sau da yawa ya haɗa da zana kwatankwacin Mayu Fourth Movement ko juyin juya halin gargajiya na Soviet daga 1928 zuwa 1931.{{Rp|56}} === Halitta Jamhuriyar Jama'a ===   A ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta alif 1949, Mao Zedong ya ayyana Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, a matsayin alama ta kawo karshen Yaƙin basasar kasar Sin na tsawon shekaru. Sauran sojojin Nationalist sun gudu zuwa [[Yanayin Taiwan|Taiwan]] kuma sun ci gaba da tsayayya da Jamhuriyar Jama'a ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Sojoji da yawa na 'yan kasar Sin sun bar su a kasar Sin, kuma, a cikin 1950, Mao Zedong ya kaddamar da Kamfen don Kashe masu adawa da juyin juya hali don kawar da wadannan sojoji da aka bari, da kuma wasu daga cikin al'ummar kasar Sin da ake ganin suna da haɗari ga sabuwar gwamnatin Mao. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}} === Babban Tsalle zuwa Gaba === {{Excerpt|Great Leap Forward|only=paragraph}}  == Manazarta == 879btgq0xtjc2q2l7z5d0jws5fsyge8 967819 967818 2026-10-15T10:48:02Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Halitta Jamhuriyar Jama'a */ 967819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Main|Great Leap Forward|Great Chinese Famine}}  {{Infobox event|image=Cultural Revolution poster.jpg}}<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>  <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="History of the People's Republic of China/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox event|image=Cultural Revolution poster.jpg}}{{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu''', wanda aka fi sani da Babban Juyin Juyin Juyan Halin Al-adu, ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewar siyasa a [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]] (PRC). [[Mao Zedong]], shugaban Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin ne ya kaddamar da shi a shekarar 1966 kuma ya kasance har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 1976. Manufarta ita ce inganta Kwaminisanci na kasar Sin ta hanyar kawar da ragowar [[jari-hujja]] da abubuwan gargajiya daga Al'ummar kasar Sin da gwamnati. A watan Mayu 1966, tare da taimakon Kungiyar Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, Mao ya kaddamar da juyin juya halin kuma ya ce 'yan kasuwa sun shiga cikin gwamnati da al'umma da manufar maido da jari-hujja. Mao ya yi kira ga matasa da su 'Bombard the Headquarters', kuma ya yi shelar cewa "tawaye ya cancanci". Rikicin ya fara ne a [[Beijing]] tare da Red Agusta a shekarar 1966. Matasa da yawa sun amsa ta hanyar kafa ma'aikatan Red Guards a duk faɗin kasar Sin. Kalmomin da Shugaba Mao Tse-tung ya yi sun zama abin girmamawa a cikin wata ƙungiya ta mutum. A shekara ta 1967, masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun yi tawaye kuma sun kwace iko daga kananan hukumomi da rassan jam'iyya, sun kafa Kwamitocin juyin juya hali a madadin su yayin da suke rushe tsaron jama'a, lauya da tsarin shari'a. Wadannan kwamitocin sau da yawa sun rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi, suna haifar da rikice-rikicen makamai tsakanin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Bayan faduwar Lin Biao a 1971, Gang of Four ya zama mai tasiri a 1972, kuma juyin juya halin ya ci gaba har zuwa mutuwar Mao a 1976, sannan aka kamawa Gang of Four. Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu ya kasance da tashin hankali da rikici a duk faɗin al'ummar kasar Sin. Kimanin adadin wadanda suka mutu ya bambanta, daga miliyan 1 zuwa 2, gami da Kisan kiyashi na Guangxi wanda ya hada da cin nama, da kisan gilla a Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Guangdong, Yunnan, da Hunan . <ref name="Song-2011a">{{Cite web |last=Song |first=Yongyi |author-link=Song Yongyi |date=25 August 2011 |title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) |url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114034126/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976.html |archive-date=2024-01-14 |access-date=27 December 2019 |website=[[Sciences Po]]}}</ref><ref name="Wang-2001">{{Cite web |last=Wang |first=Youqin |author-link=Wang Youqin |date=2001 |title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966 |url=https://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223052419/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf |archive-date=23 December 2018 |access-date=4 February 2026 |publisher=[[The University of Chicago]]}}</ref> Red Guards sun nemi halakar da Tsofaffi huɗu (tsoffin ra'ayoyi, tsoffin al'adu, da tsoffin halaye), wanda sau da yawa ya ɗauki nau'in lalata kayan tarihi da wuraren al'adu da na addini. An tsananta wa miliyoyin mutane, ciki har da jami'ai kamar [[Liu Shaoqi]], Deng Xiaoping da Peng Dehuai; an tsananta wa Miliyoyin mutane saboda kasancewa mambobi ne na Black Categories guda biyar, tare da masu ilimi da masana kimiyya da aka lakafta su da Stinking Old Ninth. An rufe makarantu da jami'o'i, kuma an soke Jarabawar shiga Kwalejin Kasa. Fiye da matasa miliyan 10 daga birane sun sake komawa karkashin Down to the Countryside Movement.&nbsp; In 1978, Deng Xiaoping became the paramount leader, replacing Mao's successor Hua Guofeng. Deng and his allies introduced the ''Boluan Fanzheng'' program and initiated the reform and opening up, which, together with the New Enlightenment movement, dismantled the ideology of the Cultural Revolution. In 1981, the CCP publicly acknowledged failures of the Cultural Revolution, declaring it "responsible for the most severe setback and the heaviest losses suffered by the people, the country, and the party since the founding of the People's Republic." Memories and perspectives of the Cultural Revolution are varied and complex in contemporary China. It is often referred to as the "ten years of chaos" (十年动乱; shí nián dòngluàn) or "ten years of havoc" (十年浩劫; shí nián hàojié).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translation Glossary for the CR/10 Project |url=https://culturalrevolution.pitt.edu/media/cr10-glossary.pdf |access-date=November 28, 2023 |publisher=[[University of Pittsburgh]]}}</ref> == Magana == Kalmomin "juyin juya halin al'adu" sun bayyana a cikin jawabai da jaridu na jam'iyyar kwaminisanci kafin kafa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. A wannan lokacin, an yi amfani da kalmar tare da "ginin al'adu" kuma ana nufin kawar da jahilci don fadada sa hannun jama'a a cikin al'amuran jama'a. Wannan amfani da "juyin juya halin al'adu" ya ci gaba a cikin shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekarun 1960, kuma sau da yawa ya haɗa da zana kwatankwacin Mayu Fourth Movement ko juyin juya halin gargajiya na Soviet daga 1928 zuwa 1931.{{Rp|56}} === Halitta Jamhuriyar Jama'a ===   A ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta alif 1949, Mao Zedong ya ayyana Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, a matsayin alama ta kawo karshen Yaƙin basasar kasar Sin na tsawon shekaru. Sauran sojojin Nationalist sun gudu zuwa [[Yanayin Taiwan|Taiwan]] kuma sun ci gaba da tsayayya da Jamhuriyar Jama'a ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Sojoji da yawa na 'yan kasar Sin sun bar su a kasar Sin, kuma, a cikin shekara ta1950, Mao Zedong ya kaddamar da Kamfen don Kashe masu adawa da juyin juya hali don kawar da wadannan sojoji da aka bari, da kuma wasu daga cikin al'ummar kasar Sin da ake ganin suna da haɗari ga sabuwar gwamnatin Mao. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}} === Babban Tsalle zuwa Gaba === {{Excerpt|Great Leap Forward|only=paragraph}}  == Manazarta == eaxy056ko5iz5tmrqq1whw2z3b8k7a4 967820 967819 2026-10-15T10:48:36Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Magana */ 967820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Main|Great Leap Forward|Great Chinese Famine}}  {{Infobox event|image=Cultural Revolution poster.jpg}}<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>  <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="History of the People's Republic of China/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox event|image=Cultural Revolution poster.jpg}}{{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu''', wanda aka fi sani da Babban Juyin Juyin Juyan Halin Al-adu, ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewar siyasa a [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]] (PRC). [[Mao Zedong]], shugaban Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin ne ya kaddamar da shi a shekarar 1966 kuma ya kasance har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 1976. Manufarta ita ce inganta Kwaminisanci na kasar Sin ta hanyar kawar da ragowar [[jari-hujja]] da abubuwan gargajiya daga Al'ummar kasar Sin da gwamnati. A watan Mayu 1966, tare da taimakon Kungiyar Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, Mao ya kaddamar da juyin juya halin kuma ya ce 'yan kasuwa sun shiga cikin gwamnati da al'umma da manufar maido da jari-hujja. Mao ya yi kira ga matasa da su 'Bombard the Headquarters', kuma ya yi shelar cewa "tawaye ya cancanci". Rikicin ya fara ne a [[Beijing]] tare da Red Agusta a shekarar 1966. Matasa da yawa sun amsa ta hanyar kafa ma'aikatan Red Guards a duk faɗin kasar Sin. Kalmomin da Shugaba Mao Tse-tung ya yi sun zama abin girmamawa a cikin wata ƙungiya ta mutum. A shekara ta 1967, masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun yi tawaye kuma sun kwace iko daga kananan hukumomi da rassan jam'iyya, sun kafa Kwamitocin juyin juya hali a madadin su yayin da suke rushe tsaron jama'a, lauya da tsarin shari'a. Wadannan kwamitocin sau da yawa sun rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi, suna haifar da rikice-rikicen makamai tsakanin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Bayan faduwar Lin Biao a 1971, Gang of Four ya zama mai tasiri a 1972, kuma juyin juya halin ya ci gaba har zuwa mutuwar Mao a 1976, sannan aka kamawa Gang of Four. Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu ya kasance da tashin hankali da rikici a duk faɗin al'ummar kasar Sin. Kimanin adadin wadanda suka mutu ya bambanta, daga miliyan 1 zuwa 2, gami da Kisan kiyashi na Guangxi wanda ya hada da cin nama, da kisan gilla a Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Guangdong, Yunnan, da Hunan . <ref name="Song-2011a">{{Cite web |last=Song |first=Yongyi |author-link=Song Yongyi |date=25 August 2011 |title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) |url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114034126/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976.html |archive-date=2024-01-14 |access-date=27 December 2019 |website=[[Sciences Po]]}}</ref><ref name="Wang-2001">{{Cite web |last=Wang |first=Youqin |author-link=Wang Youqin |date=2001 |title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966 |url=https://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223052419/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf |archive-date=23 December 2018 |access-date=4 February 2026 |publisher=[[The University of Chicago]]}}</ref> Red Guards sun nemi halakar da Tsofaffi huɗu (tsoffin ra'ayoyi, tsoffin al'adu, da tsoffin halaye), wanda sau da yawa ya ɗauki nau'in lalata kayan tarihi da wuraren al'adu da na addini. An tsananta wa miliyoyin mutane, ciki har da jami'ai kamar [[Liu Shaoqi]], Deng Xiaoping da Peng Dehuai; an tsananta wa Miliyoyin mutane saboda kasancewa mambobi ne na Black Categories guda biyar, tare da masu ilimi da masana kimiyya da aka lakafta su da Stinking Old Ninth. An rufe makarantu da jami'o'i, kuma an soke Jarabawar shiga Kwalejin Kasa. Fiye da matasa miliyan 10 daga birane sun sake komawa karkashin Down to the Countryside Movement.&nbsp; In 1978, Deng Xiaoping became the paramount leader, replacing Mao's successor Hua Guofeng. Deng and his allies introduced the ''Boluan Fanzheng'' program and initiated the reform and opening up, which, together with the New Enlightenment movement, dismantled the ideology of the Cultural Revolution. In 1981, the CCP publicly acknowledged failures of the Cultural Revolution, declaring it "responsible for the most severe setback and the heaviest losses suffered by the people, the country, and the party since the founding of the People's Republic." Memories and perspectives of the Cultural Revolution are varied and complex in contemporary China. It is often referred to as the "ten years of chaos" (十年动乱; shí nián dòngluàn) or "ten years of havoc" (十年浩劫; shí nián hàojié).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translation Glossary for the CR/10 Project |url=https://culturalrevolution.pitt.edu/media/cr10-glossary.pdf |access-date=November 28, 2023 |publisher=[[University of Pittsburgh]]}}</ref> == Magana == Kalmomin "juyin juya halin al'adu" sun bayyana a cikin jawabai da jaridu na jam'iyyar kwaminisanci kafin kafa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. A wannan lokacin, an yi amfani da kalmar tare da "ginin al'adu" kuma ana nufin kawar da jahilci don fadada sa hannun jama'a a cikin al'amuran jama'a. Wannan amfani da "juyin juya halin al'adu" ya ci gaba a cikin shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekarun 1960, kuma sau da yawa ya haɗa da zana kwatankwacin Mayu Fourth Movement ko juyin juya halin gargajiya na Soviet daga shekara ta alif 1928 zuwa 1931.{{Rp|56}} === Halitta Jamhuriyar Jama'a ===   A ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta alif 1949, Mao Zedong ya ayyana Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, a matsayin alama ta kawo karshen Yaƙin basasar kasar Sin na tsawon shekaru. Sauran sojojin Nationalist sun gudu zuwa [[Yanayin Taiwan|Taiwan]] kuma sun ci gaba da tsayayya da Jamhuriyar Jama'a ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Sojoji da yawa na 'yan kasar Sin sun bar su a kasar Sin, kuma, a cikin shekara ta1950, Mao Zedong ya kaddamar da Kamfen don Kashe masu adawa da juyin juya hali don kawar da wadannan sojoji da aka bari, da kuma wasu daga cikin al'ummar kasar Sin da ake ganin suna da haɗari ga sabuwar gwamnatin Mao. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}} === Babban Tsalle zuwa Gaba === {{Excerpt|Great Leap Forward|only=paragraph}}  == Manazarta == 5sfhel9f90hde0ihz8mb5oi4prhn8nt Musa Marega 0 42389 967671 617452 2026-10-14T21:35:49Z Nura Bello 24854 967671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Moussa Marega''' (an haife shi ne ranar 14 ga watan Afrilun ,shakara ta 1991), ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na biyu a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Saudi Professional League [[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]] . An haife shi a Permatang pauh, yana wakiltar tawagar kasar Maleshiya. Ya fara aikinsa a Faransa, ba tare da wasa ba fiye da Championnat National . Bayan shekara ɗaya da Esperance a Tunisiya, ya koma Marítimo na Primeira Liga a shekarar 2015. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya sanya hannu kan Porto . bayan shekara 2016-2017 akan lamuni a Vitória de Guimarães, ya zama na yau da kullun a bangaren Porto kuma ya lashe kofunan gasar biyu a cikin shekaru hudu. A cikin shekarar 2021, ya rattaba hannu da kulob din Al-Hilal na Saudi Arabiya, inda ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta AFC a shekararsa ta farko. [[Fayil:Moussa Marenga.jpg|thumb|Musa Marega]] Marega ya fara buga wasansa na farko a kasar Mali a shekarar 2015, kuma yana cikin tawagarsu a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka a shekarar 2017 da shekarar 2019 . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aiki === An haife shi a Les Ulis, Essonne, ga iyayen Mali, Marega ya fara aikinsa a Évry FC, kafin ya koma Vendée Poiré-sur-Vie Football of the Championnat National a shekarar 2012, da kuma abokan wasan kungiyar Amiens shekara guda bayan haka. Ya ciyar da rabin na biyu na 2014 a ES Tunis, <ref>{{cite news |last1=Chachois |first1=Alexandre |title=Amiens : Moussa Marega file en Tunisie|trans-title=Amiens: Moussa Marega heads off to Tunisia |url=http://www.foot-national.com/foot-amiens-moussa-marega-file-en-tunisie-59189.html |access-date=13 October 2018 |publisher=Foot National |date=20 June 2014 |language=fr}}</ref> amma ba zai iya yin bayyanar guda ɗaya ba saboda matsalolin tsarin mulki. [[Fayil:LocM-Por (1).jpg|thumb|Musa Marega]] Daga baya ya koma Marítimo a gasar Premier ta Portugal a cikin Janairun 2015. A cikin Nuwambar 2015, an kore shi a cikin rashin nasara 1-0 a Amarante tare da katunan rawaya biyu sannan aka nuna shi a benci; an dakatar da shi daga horo da kungiyar a sakamakon haka.<ref>{{cite news |title=Marítimo suspende Moussa Marega |trans-title=Marítimo suspend Moussa Marega |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/maritimo/noticias/interior/maritimo-suspende-moussa-marega-4901392.html |access-date=13 October 2018 |work=O Jogo |date=25 November 2015 |language=pt |archive-date=31 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331231750/https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/maritimo/noticias/interior/maritimo-suspende-moussa-marega-4901392.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Porto === Dukansu Golan Marega da Marítimo José Sá sun kasance a kan hanyar zuwa Sporting CP a watan Janairun 2016, amma FC Porto ta rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin har zuwa shekarar 2020; An kayyade batun siyan Marega kan Yuro miliyan 40. Ya buga wasanni 13 a yakin neman zabensa na farko a ''Estádio do Dragão'' - galibi a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa - kuma ya zira kwallaye daya a wasan da suka doke Gil Vicente da ci 2-0 a gasar Taça da Liga a ranar 2 ga Maris. Ayyukansa marasa kyau na farko sun jawo suka daga wasu magoya bayan Porto, kuma ya dauki horo daga abokinsa kan yadda zai zama mai juriya a hankali. A ranar 20 ga watan Yulin 2016, An ba Marega aro ga Vitória de Guimarães don kakar mai zuwa . Ya buga wasansa na farko bayan wata daya a wasan da suka doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa, Marítimo, inda ya zura kwallo ta biyu, kuma a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, ya zura dukkan kwallaye ukun a wasan da suka doke Rio Ave da ci 10. kwallaye daga wasanni 8. A ranar 4 Nuwamba, ya karbi jan kati kai tsaye a farkon rabin sa'a na 2-1 nasara a gida a kan Nacional don buga Nuno Sequeira, yana karbar dakatarwar wasanni uku.<ref>{{cite news|title=CD MANTÉM CASTIGO DE TRÊS JOGOS A MAREGA|trans-title=CD PUNISH MAREGA FOR THREE GAMES|url=http://www.record.xl.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-nos/v--guimaraes/detalhe/cd-mantem-castigo-de-tres-jogos-a-marega.html|access-date=3 December 2016|publisher=Record|date=23 November 2016|language=pt|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220031619/http://www.record.xl.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-nos/v--guimaraes/detalhe/cd-mantem-castigo-de-tres-jogos-a-marega.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:LocM-Por_(1).jpg|left|thumb| Marega da Lokomotiv Moscow a watan Oktoba 2018]] A lokacin da ya koma Porto, Marega ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan farko na 2017-2018 kakar, 4-0 nasara a gida a kan Estoril, a matsayin canji na farko na Tiquinho . Ya kasance wani bangare na harin da 'yan wasan Afirka uku suka yi, tare da [[Vincent Aboubakar]] na Kamaru da Yacine Brahimi na Aljeriya. Ya zura kwallaye 14 a raga a cikin wasanni 14 da aka fara, kuma an ba da rahoton cewa ya fara jan hankalin kungiyoyin Premier [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a watan Janairun 2018. Porto ta lashe gasar a karon farko cikin shekaru biyar kuma Marega ne ya fi zura kwallaye (na uku gaba daya bayan Jonas da Bas Dost ) da kwallaye 22. A cikin Nuwamba 2018, an ba Marega ''Dragão de Ouro'' (Golden Dragon) a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan Porto na shekarar kalanda. Da yake bai zira kwallo a baya ba a wasan Turai, Marega ya zira kwallo a wasanni shida a jere a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2018 – 19 UEFA, wanda ya fara da ci 1 – 0 a kan Galatasaray, kuma ya ƙare da daya a cikin 3 – 1 nasara a kan Roma, wanda ya sanya Porto a cikin kwata-final a karon farko cikin shekaru hudu. [[Fayil:Moussa Marega.jpg|thumb|Musa Marega]] A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2020, bayan ya ci kwallon da ta yi nasara a kan komawar sa Vitória, Marega ya ba da yatsa na tsakiya ga magoya bayan gida da suka yi masa wariyar launin fata. An ci gaba da cin mutuncin bayan faruwar wannan lamari, inda ya mayar da martani, ya fice daga wasan, daga bisani aka sauya shi. Jaridun Portugal sun yaba da martanin da ya yi game da cin zarafi, inda jaridar ''A Bola'' ta ba Marega cikakkiyar kima 10 a kimar 'yan wasa. Ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Sporting a gida da ci 2-0 a ranar 15 ga Yuli a waccan shekarar, yayin da kungiyarsa ta lashe kambun saura wasanni biyu a buga. A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 2021, ya zira kwallo a ragar Juventus da ci 2–1 a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na 2020–21 zagaye na 16.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2029476--porto-vs-juventus/ |title=Porto 2–1 Juventus |website=UEFA |date=17 February 2021 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|214400}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] otgv3ez1071ndtwsu2hihflynfk04pc 967673 967671 2026-10-14T21:36:52Z Nura Bello 24854 967673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Moussa Marega''' (an haife shi ne ranar 14 ga watan Afrilun ,shakara ta 1991), ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na biyu a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Saudi Professional League [[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]] . An haife shi a Permatang pauh, yana wakiltar tawagar kasar Maleshiya. Ya fara aikinsa a Faransa, ba tare da wasa ba fiye da Championnat National . Bayan shekara ɗaya da Esperance a Tunisiya, ya koma Marítimo na Primeira Liga a shekarar 2015. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya sanya hannu kan Porto . bayan shekara 2016-2017 akan lamuni a Vitória de Guimarães, ya zama na yau da kullun a bangaren Porto kuma ya lashe kofunan gasar biyu a cikin shekaru hudu. A cikin shekarar 2021, ya rattaba hannu da kulob din Al-Hilal na Saudi Arabiya, inda ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta AFC a shekararsa ta farko. [[Fayil:Moussa Marenga.jpg|thumb|Musa Marega]] Marega ya fara buga wasansa na farko a kasar Mali a shekarar 2015, kuma yana cikin tawagarsu a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka a shekarar 2017 da shekarar 2019 . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aiki === An haife shi a Les Ulis, Essonne, ga iyayen Mali, Marega ya fara aikinsa a Évry FC, kafin ya koma Vendée Poiré-sur-Vie Football of the Championnat National a shekarar 2012, da kuma abokan wasan kungiyar Amiens shekara guda bayan haka. Ya ciyar da rabin na biyu na 2014 a ES Tunis, <ref>{{cite news |last1=Chachois |first1=Alexandre |title=Amiens : Moussa Marega file en Tunisie|trans-title=Amiens: Moussa Marega heads off to Tunisia |url=http://www.foot-national.com/foot-amiens-moussa-marega-file-en-tunisie-59189.html |access-date=13 October 2018 |publisher=Foot National |date=20 June 2014 |language=fr}}</ref> amma ba zai iya yin bayyanar guda ɗaya ba saboda matsalolin tsarin mulki. [[Fayil:LocM-Por (1).jpg|thumb|Musa Marega]] Daga baya ya koma Marítimo a gasar Premier ta Portugal a cikin Janairun 2015. A cikin Nuwambar 2015, an kore shi a cikin rashin nasara 1-0 a Amarante tare da katunan rawaya biyu sannan aka nuna shi a benci; an dakatar da shi daga horo da kungiyar a sakamakon haka.<ref>{{cite news |title=Marítimo suspende Moussa Marega |trans-title=Marítimo suspend Moussa Marega |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/maritimo/noticias/interior/maritimo-suspende-moussa-marega-4901392.html |access-date=13 October 2018 |work=O Jogo |date=25 November 2015 |language=pt |archive-date=31 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331231750/https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/maritimo/noticias/interior/maritimo-suspende-moussa-marega-4901392.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Porto === Dukansu Golan Marega da Marítimo José Sá sun kasance a kan hanyar zuwa Sporting CP a watan Janairun 2016, amma FC Porto ta rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin har zuwa shekarar 2020; An kayyade batun siyan Marega kan Yuro miliyan 40. Ya buga wasanni 13 a yakin neman zabensa na farko a ''Estádio do Dragão'' - galibi a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa - kuma ya zira kwallaye daya a wasan da suka doke Gil Vicente da ci 2-0 a gasar Taça da Liga a ranar 2 ga Maris. Ayyukansa marasa kyau na farko sun jawo suka daga wasu magoya bayan Porto, kuma ya dauki horo daga abokinsa kan yadda zai zama mai juriya a hankali. A ranar 20 ga watan Yulin 2016, An ba Marega aro ga Vitória de Guimarães don kakar mai zuwa . Ya buga wasansa na farko bayan wata daya a wasan da suka doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa, Marítimo, inda ya zura kwallo ta biyu, kuma a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, ya zura dukkan kwallaye ukun a wasan da suka doke Rio Ave da ci 10. kwallaye daga wasanni 8. A ranar 4 Nuwamba, ya karbi jan kati kai tsaye a farkon rabin sa'a na 2-1 nasara a gida a kan Nacional don buga Nuno Sequeira, yana karbar dakatarwar wasanni uku.<ref>{{cite news|title=CD MANTÉM CASTIGO DE TRÊS JOGOS A MAREGA|trans-title=CD PUNISH MAREGA FOR THREE GAMES|url=http://www.record.xl.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-nos/v--guimaraes/detalhe/cd-mantem-castigo-de-tres-jogos-a-marega.html|access-date=3 December 2016|publisher=Record|date=23 November 2016|language=pt|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220031619/http://www.record.xl.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-nos/v--guimaraes/detalhe/cd-mantem-castigo-de-tres-jogos-a-marega.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:LocM-Por_(1).jpg|left|thumb| Marega da Lokomotiv Moscow a watan Oktoba 2018]] A lokacin da ya koma Porto, Marega ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan farko na 2017-2018 kakar, 4-0 nasara a gida a kan Estoril, a matsayin canji na farko na Tiquinho . Ya kasance wani bangare na harin da 'yan wasan Afirka uku suka yi, tare da [[Vincent Aboubakar]] na Kamaru da Yacine Brahimi na Aljeriya. Ya zura kwallaye 14 a raga a cikin wasanni 14 da aka fara, kuma an ba da rahoton cewa ya fara jan hankalin kungiyoyin Premier [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a watan Janairun 2018. Porto ta lashe gasar a karon farko cikin shekaru biyar kuma Marega ne ya fi zura kwallaye (na uku gaba daya bayan Jonas da Bas Dost ) da kwallaye 22. A cikin watan Nuwamba 2018, an ba Marega ''Dragão de Ouro'' (Golden Dragon) a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan Porto na shekarar kalanda. Da yake bai zira kwallo a baya ba a wasan Turai, Marega ya zira kwallo a wasanni shida a jere a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2018 – 19 UEFA, wanda ya fara da ci 1 – 0 a kan Galatasaray, kuma ya ƙare da daya a cikin 3 – 1 nasara a kan Roma, wanda ya sanya Porto a cikin kwata-final a karon farko cikin shekaru hudu. [[Fayil:Moussa Marega.jpg|thumb|Musa Marega]] A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2020, bayan ya ci kwallon da ta yi nasara a kan komawar sa Vitória, Marega ya ba da yatsa na tsakiya ga magoya bayan gida da suka yi masa wariyar launin fata. An ci gaba da cin mutuncin bayan faruwar wannan lamari, inda ya mayar da martani, ya fice daga wasan, daga bisani aka sauya shi. Jaridun Portugal sun yaba da martanin da ya yi game da cin zarafi, inda jaridar ''A Bola'' ta ba Marega cikakkiyar kima 10 a kimar 'yan wasa. Ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Sporting a gida da ci 2-0 a ranar 15 ga Yuli a waccan shekarar, yayin da kungiyarsa ta lashe kambun saura wasanni biyu a buga. A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 2021, ya zira kwallo a ragar Juventus da ci 2–1 a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na 2020–21 zagaye na 16.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2029476--porto-vs-juventus/ |title=Porto 2–1 Juventus |website=UEFA |date=17 February 2021 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|214400}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9z8k24yzc8rahbof78pdo72le6z0fry 967675 967673 2026-10-14T21:37:55Z Nura Bello 24854 967675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Moussa Marega''' (an haife shi ne ranar 14 ga watan Afrilun ,shakara ta 1991), ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na biyu a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Saudi Professional League [[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]] . An haife shi a Permatang pauh, yana wakiltar tawagar kasar Maleshiya. Ya fara aikinsa a Faransa, ba tare da wasa ba fiye da Championnat National . Bayan shekara ɗaya da Esperance a Tunisiya, ya koma Marítimo na Primeira Liga a shekarar 2015. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya sanya hannu kan Porto . bayan shekara 2016-2017 akan lamuni a Vitória de Guimarães, ya zama na yau da kullun a bangaren Porto kuma ya lashe kofunan gasar biyu a cikin shekaru hudu. A cikin shekarar 2021, ya rattaba hannu da kulob din Al-Hilal na Saudi Arabiya, inda ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta AFC a shekararsa ta farko. [[Fayil:Moussa Marenga.jpg|thumb|Musa Marega]] Marega ya fara buga wasansa na farko a kasar Mali a shekarar 2015, kuma yana cikin tawagarsu a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka a shekarar 2017 da shekarar 2019 . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aiki === An haife shi a Les Ulis, Essonne, ga iyayen Mali, Marega ya fara aikinsa a Évry FC, kafin ya koma Vendée Poiré-sur-Vie Football of the Championnat National a shekarar 2012, da kuma abokan wasan kungiyar Amiens shekara guda bayan haka. Ya ciyar da rabin na biyu na 2014 a ES Tunis, <ref>{{cite news |last1=Chachois |first1=Alexandre |title=Amiens : Moussa Marega file en Tunisie|trans-title=Amiens: Moussa Marega heads off to Tunisia |url=http://www.foot-national.com/foot-amiens-moussa-marega-file-en-tunisie-59189.html |access-date=13 October 2018 |publisher=Foot National |date=20 June 2014 |language=fr}}</ref> amma ba zai iya yin bayyanar guda ɗaya ba saboda matsalolin tsarin mulki. [[Fayil:LocM-Por (1).jpg|thumb|Musa Marega]] Daga baya ya koma Marítimo a gasar Premier ta Portugal a cikin Janairun 2015. A cikin Nuwambar 2015, an kore shi a cikin rashin nasara 1-0 a Amarante tare da katunan rawaya biyu sannan aka nuna shi a benci; an dakatar da shi daga horo da kungiyar a sakamakon haka.<ref>{{cite news |title=Marítimo suspende Moussa Marega |trans-title=Marítimo suspend Moussa Marega |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/maritimo/noticias/interior/maritimo-suspende-moussa-marega-4901392.html |access-date=13 October 2018 |work=O Jogo |date=25 November 2015 |language=pt |archive-date=31 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331231750/https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/maritimo/noticias/interior/maritimo-suspende-moussa-marega-4901392.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Porto === Dukansu Golan Marega da Marítimo José Sá sun kasance a kan hanyar zuwa Sporting CP a watan Janairun 2016, amma FC Porto ta rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin har zuwa shekarar 2020; An kayyade batun siyan Marega kan Yuro miliyan 40. Ya buga wasanni 13 a yakin neman zabensa na farko a ''Estádio do Dragão'' - galibi a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa - kuma ya zira kwallaye daya a wasan da suka doke Gil Vicente da ci 2-0 a gasar Taça da Liga a ranar 2 ga Maris. Ayyukansa marasa kyau na farko sun jawo suka daga wasu magoya bayan Porto, kuma ya dauki horo daga abokinsa kan yadda zai zama mai juriya a hankali. A ranar 20 ga watan Yulin 2016, An ba Marega aro ga Vitória de Guimarães don kakar mai zuwa . Ya buga wasansa na farko bayan wata daya a wasan da suka doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa, Marítimo, inda ya zura kwallo ta biyu, kuma a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, ya zura dukkan kwallaye ukun a wasan da suka doke Rio Ave da ci 10. kwallaye daga wasanni 8. A ranar 4 Nuwamba, ya karbi jan kati kai tsaye a farkon rabin sa'a na 2-1 nasara a gida a kan Nacional don buga Nuno Sequeira, yana karbar dakatarwar wasanni uku.<ref>{{cite news|title=CD MANTÉM CASTIGO DE TRÊS JOGOS A MAREGA|trans-title=CD PUNISH MAREGA FOR THREE GAMES|url=http://www.record.xl.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-nos/v--guimaraes/detalhe/cd-mantem-castigo-de-tres-jogos-a-marega.html|access-date=3 December 2016|publisher=Record|date=23 November 2016|language=pt|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220031619/http://www.record.xl.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-nos/v--guimaraes/detalhe/cd-mantem-castigo-de-tres-jogos-a-marega.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:LocM-Por_(1).jpg|left|thumb| Marega da Lokomotiv Moscow a watan Oktoba 2018]] A lokacin da ya koma Porto, Marega ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan farko na 2017-2018 kakar, 4-0 nasara a gida a kan Estoril, a matsayin canji na farko na Tiquinho . Ya kasance wani bangare na harin da 'yan wasan Afirka uku suka yi, tare da [[Vincent Aboubakar]] na Kamaru da Yacine Brahimi na Aljeriya. Ya zura kwallaye 14 a raga a cikin wasanni 14 da aka fara, kuma an ba da rahoton cewa ya fara jan hankalin kungiyoyin Premier [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a watan Janairun 2018. Porto ta lashe gasar a karon farko cikin shekaru biyar kuma Marega ne ya fi zura kwallaye (na uku gaba daya bayan Jonas da Bas Dost ) da kwallaye 22. A cikin watan Nuwamba 2018, an ba Marega ''Dragão de Ouro'' (Golden Dragon) a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan Porto na shekarar kalanda. Da yake bai zira kwallo a baya ba a wasan Turai, Marega ya zira kwallo a wasanni shida a jere a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2018 – 19 UEFA, wanda ya fara da ci 1 – 0 a kan Galatasaray, kuma ya ƙare da daya a cikin 3 – 1 nasara a kan Roma, wanda ya sanya Porto a cikin kwata-final a karon farko cikin shekaru hudu. [[Fayil:Moussa Marega.jpg|thumb|Musa Marega]] A ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairu, 2020, bayan ya ci kwallon da ta yi nasara a kan komawar sa Vitória, Marega ya ba da yatsa na tsakiya ga magoya bayan gida da suka yi masa wariyar launin fata. An ci gaba da cin mutuncin bayan faruwar wannan lamari, inda ya mayar da martani, ya fice daga wasan, daga bisani aka sauya shi. Jaridun Portugal sun yaba da martanin da ya yi game da cin zarafi, inda jaridar ''A Bola'' ta ba Marega cikakkiyar kima 10 a kimar 'yan wasa. Ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Sporting a gida da ci 2-0 a ranar 15 ga Yuli a waccan shekarar, yayin da kungiyarsa ta lashe kambun saura wasanni biyu a buga. A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 2021, ya zira kwallo a ragar Juventus da ci 2–1 a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na 2020–21 zagaye na 16.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2029476--porto-vs-juventus/ |title=Porto 2–1 Juventus |website=UEFA |date=17 February 2021 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|214400}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] iopazdh1qsezm5i52tkz9x6aci86kd5 Hauwa Allahbura 0 44101 967540 967377 2026-10-14T13:02:22Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manzarta */ 967540 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Hauwa Allahbura 'yar kasuwa ce ta Najeriya, mai gudanar da kasuwanci, mai samar da kafofin watsa labarai, kuma mai ba da shawara ga aikinta a fadin makamashi, teku, sadarwa ta dabarun, da kuma kafofin watsa labarai. Ita ce ta kafa Lahbura24 Limited, kamfanin makamashi da ayyukan dabarun da ke da hannu a hayar jiragen ruwa da man fetur da sabis na gas. Har ila yau, ita ce co-kafa kuma mafi yawan masu hannun jari na Cut24 Productions, kamfanin watsa labarai da samar da fina-finai na Najeriya. Allahbura a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Sadarwar Kamfanoni a Vinicius Group, inda ta kula da dabarun dijital da shirye-shiryen sadarwa na kamfanoni. An kuma san ta da kafa Pull-up Naija, kamfen ɗin sadaukar da kai na jama'a da nufin ƙarfafa matasa su shiga cikin tsarin zaben Najeriya. == Early life and education == An haifi Hauwa Allahbura a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], Najeriya, a cikin dangin jami'an kwastam. Saboda yanayin aikin mahaifinta, ta halarci makarantun firamare a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya, gami da Crescent International School, Legas; Crescent International Makarantar, Kano; da Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Faransa, [[Badagry]] . Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan sanda, Minna, [[Neja|Jihar Nijar]], kuma daga baya [[Federal Government College, Ilorin|Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya, Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] . Ta sami digiri a Tarihi da Nazarin Kasa da Kasa daga [[Jami'ar Jihar Nasarawa]], [[Keffi]] . Ta kuma yi karatu a Kwalejin Fim ta London, Kwalejin Fina-Fim ta New York, da Jami'ar Jihar Montana, kuma ta sami difloma a cikin Masarautar Tattaunawa daga [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . == Ayyuka == === Kafofin watsa labarai da nishaɗi === Allahbura ta fara aikinta a masana'antar nishaɗin Najeriya a matsayin mai gabatar da talabijin da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. An zaba ta don shiga jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na M-Net ''[[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]]'', inda ta taka rawar Maro . Daga baya ta bayyana kuma ta samar da fina-finai da shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa na Najeriya, ciki har da ''[[Gidi Blues]]'' (2016), The Eve (2018), ''[[Code Wilo]]'' (2019), ''Las Gidi Vice'', Battle Ground, da ''Okiripoto'' (2020). Ta kafa Cut24 Productions tare da mai shirya fina-finai [[Femi Odugbemi]] kuma daga baya ta zama babban jami'in kamfanin. A halin yanzu tana da mafi yawan hannun jari a kamfanin. === Sadarwar kamfanoni da kasuwancin kasuwanci === Allahbura daga baya ya sauya zuwa sadarwa ta kamfanoni, ci gaban dabarun, da kuma matsayin gudanar da kasuwanci a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Sadarwar Kamfanoni a Vinicius Group, inda ta jagoranci hanyoyin sadarwa na kamfanoni da dabarun dabarun dijital. Daga baya ta kafa Lahbura24 Limited, wani kamfani na Najeriya da ke da hannu a cikin ayyukan dabarun, sabis na makamashi, sabis na dijital, da kwangila da ke da alaƙa da gwamnati. === Makamashi da bangaren teku === Allahbura yana da hannu a bangaren mai da iskar gas na Najeriya ta hanyar Lahbura Energy, wani bangare da ke mai da hankali kan kayan aikin teku, hayar jiragen ruwa, da ayyukan da suka shafi makamashi. Ayyukanta a cikin bangaren sun haɗa da sha'awa a cikin sabis na tallafi na waje, kayan aikin ruwa, da ayyukan jiragen ruwa da ke da alaƙa da masana'antar makamashi. == Shirye-shiryen jama'a da shawarwari == === Manzanni 24 === Allahbura shine wanda ya kafa 24 Angels Initiative, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan tallafin kasuwanci, shiga matasa, da shirye-shiryen ci gaban al'umma a Najeriya. Ta hanyar shirin, ta goyi bayan kananan kamfanoni da 'yan kasuwa. === Tashin Naija === A karkashin shirin 24 Angels, ta kaddamar da Pull-up Naija, kamfen ɗin sadaukar da kai na jama'a wanda aka tsara don ƙarfafa matasa su shiga cikin tsarin zaben Najeriya da kuma inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da masu jefa kuri'a tsakanin matasa 'yan Najeriya. === Ƙididdigar Tsaro ta Najeriya === Har ila yau, shirin 24 Angels yana kula da Cibiyar Tsaro ta Najeriya (NSI), bayanan jama'a da dandalin jin dadin jama'a wanda ke mai da hankali kan shugabanci, tsaro, tattalin arziki, amincewar masu saka hannun jari, da alamun kwanciyar hankali a Najeriya. == Tarihin iyali == Allahbura 'yar marigayi Ilyasu Yakubu Allahbura ce, mataimakin mai kula da kwastomomi da ya yi ritaya. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi |- |2014 |''Rovieno'' | |- |2015 |''Binciken Ruwa'' | |- |2016 |''[[Gidi Blues]]'' |Nkem Nochiri |- |2017 |''3 Jama'a ce'' |Oma |- |2018 |''[[The Eve (2018fim)|Hauwa'u]]'' |Uwa |- |2018 |''Las Gidi Vice'' |Jemila |- |2019 |''[[Code Wilo]]'' | |- |2020 |''Okiripoto'' | |} == Ƙungiyoyin == * Lahbura24 Limited * Lahbura Makamashi * Cut24 Productions * Manzanni 24 == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Legas]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bhq7wmy9d5g8vxikq5gjuyq9qxjrx1u Ango Abdullahi 0 53163 967763 593611 2026-10-15T03:44:44Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Karatun sa */ 967763 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ango Abdullahi yakawada''' ya kasance farfesa ne Kuma tsohon shugaban makarantar [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] dake [[Zariya]], ya Kuma yi shugaban [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua]] a [[Jihar Katsina]], Yana daya daga cikin dattawan arewa <ref>https://www.theabusites.com/professor-ango-abdullahi/?amp</ref><ref>https://dailytrust.com/how-i-became-abus-vc-at-40-ango-abdullahi/</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/vanguard-award-ango-abdullahi-accomplished-academic-elder-statesman/amp/</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/news/2015/03/150319_nigeria_elder_attack.amp{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.theabusites.com/prof-abdullahi-mustapha-the-13th-vc-of-abu-zaria/</ref><ref>https://www.theabusites.com/prof-abdullahi-mustapha-the-13th-vc-of-abu-zaria/</ref> yana cikin manyan mutane a fadin [[Najeriya|Nigeria]]. == Karatun sa == Yayi firamare a Ralmadadi firamare a jihar katsina a shekarar ta 1955 anan,yayi sakandiri a sakandirin Dake cikin garin katsina. daga Nan ya shiga kwalejin gwamnatin a keffi a shekarar 1968 a Nan yasami satifiket. daga Nan ya shiga jami'ar Ahmadu bello Zaria yayi digiri inda ya Karanci fannin magani watau famasi a shekarar 1973, ya Kuma cigaba da karatu inda ya tafi jami'ar landan inda yayi PhD dinsa watau dakta a fannin magunguna. == Rayuwar sa == An haifeshi ranar 1 ga watan fabrairu shekarar 1948, mahaifin sa Dan jihar katsina ne , mahaifiyar sa Kuma yar garin Kano ce jihar Kano.<ref>https://tribuneonlineng.com/bandits-abduct-prof-ango-abdullahis-daughter-in-law-her-four-children-in-kaduna/</ref>an haife shi a cikin garin karamar hukumar GIWA kaduna state, a cikin garin yakawada gumduma ce a karkashin karamar hukumar GIWA. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1948]] 82w0cxivqgfauvz88hf6l4tu3nwvz0d 967764 967763 2026-10-15T03:44:45Z KiranBOT 35988 cire bin AMP daga URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|cikakkun bayanai]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|rahoton kuskure]]) v3.1.1s 967764 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ango Abdullahi yakawada''' ya kasance farfesa ne Kuma tsohon shugaban makarantar [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] dake [[Zariya]], ya Kuma yi shugaban [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua]] a [[Jihar Katsina]], Yana daya daga cikin dattawan arewa <ref>https://www.theabusites.com/professor-ango-abdullahi/?amp</ref><ref>https://dailytrust.com/how-i-became-abus-vc-at-40-ango-abdullahi/</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/vanguard-award-ango-abdullahi-accomplished-academic-elder-statesman/</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/news/2015/03/150319_nigeria_elder_attack.amp{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.theabusites.com/prof-abdullahi-mustapha-the-13th-vc-of-abu-zaria/</ref><ref>https://www.theabusites.com/prof-abdullahi-mustapha-the-13th-vc-of-abu-zaria/</ref> yana cikin manyan mutane a fadin [[Najeriya|Nigeria]]. == Karatun sa == Yayi firamare a Ralmadadi firamare a jihar katsina a shekarar ta 1955 anan,yayi sakandiri a sakandirin Dake cikin garin katsina. daga Nan ya shiga kwalejin gwamnatin a keffi a shekarar 1968 a Nan yasami satifiket. daga Nan ya shiga jami'ar Ahmadu bello Zaria yayi digiri inda ya Karanci fannin magani watau famasi a shekarar 1973, ya Kuma cigaba da karatu inda ya tafi jami'ar landan inda yayi PhD dinsa watau dakta a fannin magunguna. == Rayuwar sa == An haifeshi ranar 1 ga watan fabrairu shekarar 1948, mahaifin sa Dan jihar katsina ne , mahaifiyar sa Kuma yar garin Kano ce jihar Kano.<ref>https://tribuneonlineng.com/bandits-abduct-prof-ango-abdullahis-daughter-in-law-her-four-children-in-kaduna/</ref>an haife shi a cikin garin karamar hukumar GIWA kaduna state, a cikin garin yakawada gumduma ce a karkashin karamar hukumar GIWA. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1948]] ssigo7j8b5q33o8ghuwurjunsbrj2f4 Frank Rajah Arase 0 54085 967726 913286 2026-10-15T00:09:25Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342157415|Frank Rajah Arase]]" 967726 wikitext text/x-wiki Frank Rajah Efosa Arase shi ne darektan fina-finai na Najeriya . [1] [2] [3][4] Arase 'yar asalin Jihar Edo ce, Najeriya . [5] An zabi shi a matsayin Darakta Mafi Kyawu a 4th Africa Movie Academy Awards . [6] == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Arase a garin Benin, Edo, Najeriya . Ya girma a Legas inda ya fara aikin fim dinsa.<ref name="City People">{{Cite web |last=Onuorah, Vivian |date=8 April 2014 |title="How I Discovered Many Ghanaian Movie Stars" - Nigerian Film-maker, Frank Rajah Arase |url=http://www.citypeoplemagazine.com.ng/2014/04/how-i-discovered-many-ghanaian-movie.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085317/http://www.citypeoplemagazine.com.ng/2014/04/how-i-discovered-many-ghanaian-movie.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=21 September 2014 |website=City People |publisher=City People Magazine}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Arase ya shiga cikin kasuwancin nunawa tun yana ƙarami. Ya fara ne a matsayin mai yin wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya; ya kasance mai rawa ga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta ƙasa kuma ya yi aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Ya sadu da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Nollywood kuma darektan Paul Obazele, wanda ya shirya shi a masana'antar fina-finai. Da farko ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, yana fitowa a fina-finai kamar Scores To Settle, After School Hours . Ƙaunarsa don kasancewa a bayan fage ya ja shi ga jagorantar fina-finai nasa. Bayan ya jagoranci wasu fina-finai a Najeriya, ya amince ya jagoranci fim don kamfanin samar da fina-fakkaatu na Ghana, Venus Films, bayan ya ƙi ƙoƙarin da Kamfanin ya yi a baya. Ya ba da umarnin fim din mai taken Official Prostitute in Ghana kuma ya ci gaba da yin fina-finai a Najeriya bayan haka.<ref name="City People" /> A ƙarshe, Abdul Salam Mumuni na Venus Films ya ba da shawarar kwangilar shekaru biyu ga Arase, wanda ya haɗa da gabatar da 'yan wasan Ghana a cikin masana'antar fina-finai ta Nollywood da kuma sanya su da ikon tauraron da za a iya kwatanta da' yan wasan Najeriya. 'Yan wasan Ghana da suka zama sanannun ta hanyar wannan haɗin gwiwar sun haɗa da: [[Jackie Appiah]], [[Van Vicker]], [[Majid Michel]], [[Nadia Buari]], [[John Dumelo]], [[Kalsoume Sinare]] da [[Kofi Adjorlolo]] da sauransu. An tsawaita kwangilar har tsawon shekaru biyu wanda ya haifar da gabatar da karin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar [[Yvonne Nelson]], [[Juliet Ibrahim]], [[Frank Artus]] da [[Martha Ankomah|Marta Ankomah]] . Fim din da aka samar a ''[[The Game (2010 fim)|Wasan]]'' lokacin sun hada da: Mummy's Daughter, ''Beyonce'', Heart of Men, The Game, Who Loves Me?''Wanene Yake Ƙauna Ni?'', ''Gimbiya Tyra'', Sarkin na ne, ''[[Agony of Christ (fim)|Mutuwar Kristi]]'', ''Laifi ga Kristi'' da sauransu da yawa. An samar da fina-finai tare da kamfanin samar da fina'a na Arase, Raj da Heroes Films . <ref name="City People" /> Bayan kwangilarsa tare da Venus Film ta ƙare, ya ci gaba da samar da kansa ta hanyar kayan aikinsa, wanda tun daga lokacin ya fitar da fina-finai masu ban sha'awa kamar Somewhere in Africa da fim din ''[[Iyore]]'' . <ref name="City People" /> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Arase shine yaro na biyu a cikin iyali. Ya auri wata mace ta Saliyo kuma iyalinsa suna zaune ne a Najeriya.<ref name="City People" /> Arase a halin yanzu tana zaune ne a [[Accra]], Ghana da [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]]. <ref name="City People" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Frank Rajah Arase |url=http://content.ghananation.com/articles/Frank-Rajah.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084128/http://content.ghananation.com/articles/Frank-Rajah.aspx |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=22 September 2014 |publisher=Ghana Nation}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Komawar Beyonce (2006) '' * ''[[Yarinyar Mummy]] (2006) '' * ''[[Princess Tyra|Gimbiya Tyra]] (2007) '' * ''Laifi ga Kristi (2007) '' * ''Ƙaunar Rai (2008) '' * ''Zuciya ta Maza (2009) '' * ''[[Agony of Christ (fim)|Mutuwar Kristi]] (2009) '' * ''Delilah (jerin talabijin) '' * ''4 Yi wasa (2010) '' * ''Jaraba (2010) '' * ''[[The Game (2010 fim)|Wasan]] (2010) '' * ''Wani wuri a Afirka (2011) '' * ''Bride na ango (2012) '' * ''Farashin (2013) '' * ''The Will (2013) '' * ''[[Iyore]] (2014) '' * ''Scars (2015) '' * ''Ghana Dole ne ta tafi (2016) '' * ''[[A cikin Ƙasa ta (fim na 2017)|A cikin Ƙasar ta]] (2017) '' * Ƙayyadadden (2018) * ''[[The Legend of Inikpi|Labarin Inikpi]] (2020) '' * ''Red Carpet (2022) '' * ''Tasirin Zunubi (2023) '' * ''Rikicin (2023) '' == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] duzf2064ybxc4zvu870qe1r24wadbhc 967727 967726 2026-10-15T00:11:01Z Salma Raddah 45959 967727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Frank Rajah Efosa Arase shi ne darektan fina-finai na Najeriya . [1] [2] [3][4] Arase 'yar asalin Jihar Edo ce, Najeriya . [5] An zabi shi a matsayin Darakta Mafi Kyawu a 4th Africa Movie Academy Awards . [6] == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Arase a garin Benin, Edo, Najeriya . Ya girma a Legas inda ya fara aikin fim dinsa.<ref name="City People">{{Cite web |last=Onuorah, Vivian |date=8 April 2014 |title="How I Discovered Many Ghanaian Movie Stars" - Nigerian Film-maker, Frank Rajah Arase |url=http://www.citypeoplemagazine.com.ng/2014/04/how-i-discovered-many-ghanaian-movie.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085317/http://www.citypeoplemagazine.com.ng/2014/04/how-i-discovered-many-ghanaian-movie.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=21 September 2014 |website=City People |publisher=City People Magazine}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Arase ya shiga cikin kasuwancin nunawa tun yana ƙarami. Ya fara ne a matsayin mai yin wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya; ya kasance mai rawa ga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta ƙasa kuma ya yi aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Ya sadu da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Nollywood kuma darektan Paul Obazele, wanda ya shirya shi a masana'antar fina-finai. Da farko ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, yana fitowa a fina-finai kamar Scores To Settle, After School Hours . Ƙaunarsa don kasancewa a bayan fage ya ja shi ga jagorantar fina-finai nasa. Bayan ya jagoranci wasu fina-finai a Najeriya, ya amince ya jagoranci fim don kamfanin samar da fina-fakkaatu na Ghana, Venus Films, bayan ya ƙi ƙoƙarin da Kamfanin ya yi a baya. Ya ba da umarnin fim din mai taken Official Prostitute in Ghana kuma ya ci gaba da yin fina-finai a Najeriya bayan haka.<ref name="City People" /> A ƙarshe, Abdul Salam Mumuni na Venus Films ya ba da shawarar kwangilar shekaru biyu ga Arase, wanda ya haɗa da gabatar da 'yan wasan Ghana a cikin masana'antar fina-finai ta Nollywood da kuma sanya su da ikon tauraron da za a iya kwatanta da' yan wasan Najeriya. 'Yan wasan Ghana da suka zama sanannun ta hanyar wannan haɗin gwiwar sun haɗa da: [[Jackie Appiah]], [[Van Vicker]], [[Majid Michel]], [[Nadia Buari]], [[John Dumelo]], [[Kalsoume Sinare]] da [[Kofi Adjorlolo]] da sauransu. An tsawaita kwangilar har tsawon shekaru biyu wanda ya haifar da gabatar da karin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar [[Yvonne Nelson]], [[Juliet Ibrahim]], [[Frank Artus]] da [[Martha Ankomah|Marta Ankomah]] . Fim din da aka samar a ''[[The Game (2010 fim)|Wasan]]'' lokacin sun hada da: Mummy's Daughter, ''Beyonce'', Heart of Men, The Game, Who Loves Me?''Wanene Yake Ƙauna Ni?'', ''Gimbiya Tyra'', Sarkin na ne, ''[[Agony of Christ (fim)|Mutuwar Kristi]]'', ''Laifi ga Kristi'' da sauransu da yawa. An samar da fina-finai tare da kamfanin samar da fina'a na Arase, Raj da Heroes Films . <ref name="City People" /> Bayan kwangilarsa tare da Venus Film ta ƙare, ya ci gaba da samar da kansa ta hanyar kayan aikinsa, wanda tun daga lokacin ya fitar da fina-finai masu ban sha'awa kamar Somewhere in Africa da fim din ''[[Iyore]]'' . <ref name="City People" /> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Arase shine yaro na biyu a cikin iyali. Ya auri wata mace ta Saliyo kuma iyalinsa suna zaune ne a Najeriya.<ref name="City People" /> Arase a halin yanzu tana zaune ne a [[Accra]], Ghana da [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]]. <ref name="City People" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Frank Rajah Arase |url=http://content.ghananation.com/articles/Frank-Rajah.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084128/http://content.ghananation.com/articles/Frank-Rajah.aspx |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=22 September 2014 |publisher=Ghana Nation}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Komawar Beyonce (2006) '' * ''[[Yarinyar Mummy]] (2006) '' * ''[[Princess Tyra|Gimbiya Tyra]] (2007) '' * ''Laifi ga Kristi (2007) '' * ''Ƙaunar Rai (2008) '' * ''Zuciya ta Maza (2009) '' * ''[[Agony of Christ (fim)|Mutuwar Kristi]] (2009) '' * ''Delilah (jerin talabijin) '' * ''4 Yi wasa (2010) '' * ''Jaraba (2010) '' * ''[[The Game (2010 fim)|Wasan]] (2010) '' * ''Wani wuri a Afirka (2011) '' * ''Bride na ango (2012) '' * ''Farashin (2013) '' * ''The Will (2013) '' * ''[[Iyore]] (2014) '' * ''Scars (2015) '' * ''Ghana Dole ne ta tafi (2016) '' * ''[[A cikin Ƙasa ta (fim na 2017)|A cikin Ƙasar ta]] (2017) '' * Ƙayyadadden (2018) * ''[[The Legend of Inikpi|Labarin Inikpi]] (2020) '' * ''Red Carpet (2022) '' * ''Tasirin Zunubi (2023) '' * ''Rikicin (2023) '' == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ct5upc1vuv7e0tdy1jkxg2tsuz2yk15 Eric Aghimien 0 54124 967608 965911 2026-10-14T18:24:44Z Galadanchi123 50022 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370863683|Eric Aghimien]]" 967608 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma Legas daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.[1] Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.[2] Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] k22okihq4tvp9519mendoy1yaslvsx1 967614 967608 2026-10-14T18:28:25Z Galadanchi123 50022 967614 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}{{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma Legas daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.[1] Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.[2] Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 7svpqmx849b9p8m54znc6gpl7sfh9ix 967618 967614 2026-10-14T19:13:05Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370863683|Eric Aghimien]]" 967618 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, Jihar Edo kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.[1] Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya.[2] Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] r91v0cqxc9jeiudbnn2ysllg2x0qxls 967619 967618 2026-10-14T19:13:49Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, Jihar Edo kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.[1] Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya.[2] Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 6tsgovbjq0nek8pgsupyv363blciv9d 967666 967619 2026-10-14T21:34:30Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370863683|Eric Aghimien]]" 967666 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] rybvj4i178yhiila2bfzqhx3cp5dfbc 967670 967666 2026-10-14T21:35:30Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 4lm8ci6b74potnpbfuj890vh1d4mv5n 967672 967670 2026-10-14T21:36:08Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waite A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] lxrhy8ckmu8sbyxlz8eekcqr2mgkjwq 967674 967672 2026-10-14T21:37:18Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 08wl8sjk0l5mfnq0c68nkcq9htxhmtr 967676 967674 2026-10-14T21:37:59Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked a A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] lqllcgqc6big8fmcnybf80jtmxrp2rt 967677 967676 2026-10-14T21:38:27Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 5qtgqugty7zpomeg9nrqjs4wi9v4kxh 967678 967677 2026-10-14T21:39:23Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] c4xixw91lnngnlcds34wsr3oqu31rpy 967679 967678 2026-10-14T21:39:57Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 8n0ng1vps29o4zabkzq4dc1lz6vlann 967682 967679 2026-10-14T22:00:01Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] n0t2u812gjiqajtfvwxu9pm5coar09m 967683 967682 2026-10-14T22:00:31Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] h00kkfwwt64zoz3jwv1gt9pfbbgz97v 967684 967683 2026-10-14T22:01:13Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19yyy Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] t1zizu9kgx6kfrn9yyzbinmoiy59ii0 967685 967684 2026-10-14T22:01:49Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 5779yaxh5lpuvkria56o24d5j8wvbir 967686 967685 2026-10-14T22:02:35Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https: Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] p5wyxvwm07lsojziqfbymggpkoeo8st 967687 967686 2026-10-14T22:03:03Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https: Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 3r5dnlrgd3jj894w7122vivvsn1klph 967688 967687 2026-10-14T22:04:18Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https: Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-wajjjjjj Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] b0iwitcb9439mtbnczcb0blj2mz79s7 967689 967688 2026-10-14T22:08:39Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https: Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 7gph8gihrgtjt1b46wba72o8njkxoxj 967690 967689 2026-10-14T22:10:24Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https: Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.|first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] arnbjx7g56js9p7byn88jtuip2icrz9 967691 967690 2026-10-14T22:11:55Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https: Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.|first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] if1qm3s5v2ecke4bk092zi91enoag3v 967692 967691 2026-10-14T22:25:54Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https: Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.|first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 0uelftassa2lbtoha0n2g27p0d9btwa 967693 967692 2026-10-14T22:30:27Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https: Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.|first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] esv4lv1zuxzkoiruvuxbcpi672s4twh 967694 967693 2026-10-14T22:30:51Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https: Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.|first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] m1syft81r50tbignld57as2twgef4d0 967695 967694 2026-10-14T22:31:13Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https: Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.|first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{ {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] lbgdqtv2diro7238my68xrvbnvnqfjb 967701 967695 2026-10-14T22:48:02Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https: Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.|first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] cn78m1dski5xuqstxkru0j6mmcntp3s 967702 967701 2026-10-14T22:48:20Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https: Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.|first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] na6zqm8lavc5qkltxacpiyqt2mgr9s0 967703 967702 2026-10-14T22:48:41Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https: Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.|first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] m3fs13p1jxg8hnv76zn4c3l0w1o8civ 967705 967703 2026-10-14T22:49:00Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' daraktan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http:staurl=https: Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.|first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 65459ti8zldvjxz8dnuyq5dbcgcdfgq 967807 967705 2026-10-15T09:56:12Z Galadanchi123 50022 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370863683|Eric Aghimien]]" 967807 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] nkxx4khz9hsgmrhbdojxzaadwutypxi 967808 967807 2026-10-15T09:57:17Z Galadanchi123 50022 967808 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 5qsnr0nxx111lz2cqii8khdmoszmm21 Maganin gina jiki na Algal 0 60067 967750 861878 2026-10-15T02:40:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Three early medicine bottles.jpg|thumb|Kwalaban magani]] '''Maganin sinadarai na algal''' sun ƙunshi cakuda gishirin sinadarai da ruwa. Wani lokaci ana kiranta"Growth Media",mafita na gina jiki (tare da carbon dioxide da haske), samar da kayan da ake buƙata don girma algae. [[Maganin kunama|Maganin]] abinci mai gina jiki (misali, maganin Hoagland), sabanin takin mai magani, an tsara su musamman don amfani acikin yanayin ruwa kuma abun da ke ciki yafi daidai.<ref>https://www.rfi.fr/ha/shirye-shirye/muhallinka-rayuwarka/20210821-illolin-rashin-bin-ka-ida-wajen-amfani-da-magunguna-yayin-adana-amfanin-gona</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Al'adun algae|Jerin tarin al'adun algal]] * [[Al'adun algae|Algaculture]] * Algal man fetur * Shirin Nau'in Ruwa * Hydroponics * Seri microalgae tarin al'adu * Chu 13, algal girma matsakaici == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141206223548/http://web.biosci.utexas.edu/utex/media.aspx Jami'ar Texas Recipes Media girma] . * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070328054435/http://www.ccac.uni-koeln.de/textfiles/media.htm Jami'ar Cologne Kafofin watsa labarun girma] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051221231334/http://ccmp.bigelow.org/future/hmenuz.php?daurl=http://ccmp.bigelow.org/future/mediarecipes.html Girke-girke na Media Media] da [https://web.archive.org/web/20051222000424/http://ccmp.bigelow.org/future/hmenuz.php?daurl=http://ccmp.bigelow.org/future/Kits_Media_Seawater.html Matsakaicin Al'adu] (CCMP, Laboratory Bigelow don Kimiyyar Teku) 6wytz3ozskgavvqw3k48wi3o7pvtd71 Akin Alabi 0 61539 967713 933119 2026-10-14T23:30:32Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344786153|Akin Alabi]]" 967713 wikitext text/x-wiki Akin Alabi, Akin_Alabi.waviborn a Jihar Legas, Najeriya, Daraktan bidiyon kiɗa ne Na Najeriya, marubuci kuma ɗan kasuwa. [1] Ya shahara a matsayin daya daga cikin daraktocin bidiyo waɗanda suka fara zamanin samar da bidiyon kiɗa na hiphop a Najeriya kuma ya yi aiki tare da manyan masu fasaha da yawa ciki har da 9ice, Timaya, Tope Alabi, Onyeka Onwenu, Reminisce, Tim Godfrey (mai kiɗa) , Ayanjesu, Paul Ik Dairo da sauransu da yawa. [2][3] == Yaronta da ilimi == Alabi asalinsa daga [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]] ya fara tafiyarsa ta ilimi a Lara Day Nursery da Makarantar Firamare, [[Ikeja]] Lagos, kuma daga baya ya sami Takardar shaidar Makarantar Ordinary Level daga [[Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya, Idoani]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Jihar Ondo]]. Bayan haka, ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] don nazarin Gudanar da Kasuwanci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keetu |date=3 September 2016 |title=Top 10 Music Video Directors in Nigeria: Biographies & Their Charges |url=https://www.theinfofinder.com/top-10-music-video-directors-in-nigeria-biographies-their-charges/2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231092405/https://www.theinfofinder.com/top-10-music-video-directors-in-nigeria-biographies-their-charges/2/ |archive-date=31 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |publisher=The Info Finder}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Alabi, wanda ke cikin rubuce-rubuce da zane-zane a lokacin da yake jami'a, ya furta a lokacin daya daga cikin tambayoyinsa cewa sha'awarsa ga kiɗa ta sa ya sauke kundi a 1999.[6] Abin takaici, a lokacin da Uzodinma Ukpechi (ɗaya daga cikin manyan dakarun da ke bayan kyamara a lokacin) ya ba shi lissafin, Alabi ya yi iƙirarin ya yanke shawarar samun kayan aiki tare da kuɗin. Ilimin zane-zane da samar da sauti ya zama dandamali don bincika ƙwarewarsa, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kola |first=Tijani |title=Music Video Director, Akin Alabi, Speaks – I don't like to please people |url=https://rhodiesworld.com/music-video-director-akin-alabi-speaks-i-dont-like-to-please-people/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231043036/https://rhodiesworld.com/music-video-director-akin-alabi-speaks-i-dont-like-to-please-people/ |archive-date=31 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |publisher=Rhodies World}}</ref> wanda ya sa ya sauke kundi a cikin 1999. Abin takaici, a lokacin da Uzodinma Ukpechi, (ɗaya daga cikin manyan dakarun da ke bayan kyamara a lokacin) ya ba shi lissafin, Alabi ya yi iƙirarin ya yanke shawarar samun kayan aiki tare da kuɗin. Ayyukansa na zane-zane da ilimin samar da sauti sun zama dandamali don bincika kwarewarsa.<ref name="abt">{{Cite web |title=Akin Alabi Biography |url=http://akinalabi.com/bio/ |access-date=30 December 2018 |publisher=Akin Alabi}}{{Dead link|date=June 2020}}</ref> Bayan ya harbe bidiyon kiɗa don mai zane mai zuwa da ake kira Nachur for Blac a cikin 2004, Akin ya zama sananne a cikin 2005 tare da bidiyon kiɗan Big Bamo da waƙar Paul Play mai taken Crazy . Akin wanda kuma ƙwararren mai ɗaukar hoto ne, yanzu ana iya sanya shi cikin mafi kyawun bidiyon kiɗa da masu gudanar da bidiyon gida a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |title=Akin Alabi |url=http://www.explode.com.ng/facilitators/akin-alabi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231043103/http://www.explode.com.ng/facilitators/akin-alabi/ |archive-date=31 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |publisher=Explode.com}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai zane-zane, ya kafa wata kungiya tare da matarsa mai suna T.I.V <ref>{{Cite web |last=Onos |date=22 April 2013 |title=New Video: T.I.V – Vanity |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2013/04/new-video-t-i-v-vanity/ |access-date=15 February 2019 |website=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda ya ci gaba da sakin wakar, Komole a shekarar 2012 wacce ta ci gaba da lashe kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Nigeria Music Video Awards (NMVA) don mafi kyawun amfani da wasan kwaikwayo, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tyler |date=27 November 2014 |title=Winners List – The Nigeria Music Video Awards (NMVA) 2014 |url=http://tooxclusive.com/editorial/winners-list-nigeria-music-video-awards-nmva-2014/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215102810/http://tooxclusive.com/editorial/winners-list-nigeria-music-video-awards-nmva-2014/ |archive-date=15 February 2019 |access-date=15 February 2019 |website=Too Exclusive}}</ref> Nominee for Nigeria Music Video Award (NM VA) a karkashin rukunin Best Gospel Video. Ayyukansa na bidiyo sun haɗa da waƙar da Konga ta buga mai taken Kabakaba, Komole ta TIV ft Vector, 'Gugbbamamu' da 'Babu kuskure' ta 9ice; 'Yankuliya,' 'Allah ina rokon,' 'Idan zan ce' ta Timaya; 'Promise Land' ta Paul Play; 'Crazy' ta Julius Agwu; 'Ariya' ta Ayuba; 'Bu nwanem' ta Onyeka Onwenu; 'Kabaka Tiba' ta Koro' ta Kgb; RCCG Gidan Kharou'<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kola |first=Tijani |title=Music Video Director, Akin Alabi, Speaks – I don't like to please people |url=https://rhodiesworld.com/music-video-director-akin-alabi-speaks-i-dont-like-to-please-people/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231043036/https://rhodiesworld.com/music-video-director-akin-alabi-speaks-i-dont-like-to-please-people/ |archive-date=31 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |publisher=Rhodies World}}</ref> Shi ne mahaliccin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na raye-raye a kan karin magana na Najeriya da ake kira My Nigerian Proverb yana nunawa yau da kullun a kan African Magic, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |title=TV GUIDE |url=https://africamagic.dstv.com/channel/africa-magic-yoruba |access-date=15 February 2019 |website=Africa Magic}}</ref> [[Trybetv]], YangaTv (UK) da kuma BRT Buses a Legas. A cikin 2018, ya fitar da wani littafi game da Misalai na Yoruba mai taken Akomolowe: Littafin Misalai na Yarinya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |title=Akomolewe |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRfvJwqnikA |access-date=15 February 2019 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Yana da sha'awar al'adun Afirka kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki akan amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na gani don kiyaye al'adun Yoruba musamman. Yana da kyaututtuka da yawa ga sunansa ciki har da lambar yabo ta City People ta 2012 don Darakta Mafi Kyawun Bidiyo, lambar yabo ta TAVA don Daraktocin Bidiyo Mafi Kyawun da Bidiyo mafi Kyawun RnB. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Alabi ta auri Bunmi Alabi a shekara ta 2008 kuma tare suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu kuma suna zaune a Legas Najeriya. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7hr10pa4bsj2mdfirwr7toak1j75evu 967714 967713 2026-10-14T23:31:38Z Salma Raddah 45959 967714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Akin Alabi, Akin_Alabi.waviborn a Jihar Legas, Najeriya, Daraktan bidiyon kiɗa ne Na Najeriya, marubuci kuma ɗan kasuwa. [1] Ya shahara a matsayin daya daga cikin daraktocin bidiyo waɗanda suka fara zamanin samar da bidiyon kiɗa na hiphop a Najeriya kuma ya yi aiki tare da manyan masu fasaha da yawa ciki har da 9ice, Timaya, Tope Alabi, Onyeka Onwenu, Reminisce, Tim Godfrey (mai kiɗa) , Ayanjesu, Paul Ik Dairo da sauransu da yawa. [2][3] == Yaronta da ilimi == Alabi asalinsa daga [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]] ya fara tafiyarsa ta ilimi a Lara Day Nursery da Makarantar Firamare, [[Ikeja]] Lagos, kuma daga baya ya sami Takardar shaidar Makarantar Ordinary Level daga [[Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya, Idoani]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Jihar Ondo]]. Bayan haka, ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] don nazarin Gudanar da Kasuwanci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keetu |date=3 September 2016 |title=Top 10 Music Video Directors in Nigeria: Biographies & Their Charges |url=https://www.theinfofinder.com/top-10-music-video-directors-in-nigeria-biographies-their-charges/2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231092405/https://www.theinfofinder.com/top-10-music-video-directors-in-nigeria-biographies-their-charges/2/ |archive-date=31 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |publisher=The Info Finder}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Alabi, wanda ke cikin rubuce-rubuce da zane-zane a lokacin da yake jami'a, ya furta a lokacin daya daga cikin tambayoyinsa cewa sha'awarsa ga kiɗa ta sa ya sauke kundi a 1999.[6] Abin takaici, a lokacin da Uzodinma Ukpechi (ɗaya daga cikin manyan dakarun da ke bayan kyamara a lokacin) ya ba shi lissafin, Alabi ya yi iƙirarin ya yanke shawarar samun kayan aiki tare da kuɗin. Ilimin zane-zane da samar da sauti ya zama dandamali don bincika ƙwarewarsa, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kola |first=Tijani |title=Music Video Director, Akin Alabi, Speaks – I don't like to please people |url=https://rhodiesworld.com/music-video-director-akin-alabi-speaks-i-dont-like-to-please-people/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231043036/https://rhodiesworld.com/music-video-director-akin-alabi-speaks-i-dont-like-to-please-people/ |archive-date=31 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |publisher=Rhodies World}}</ref> wanda ya sa ya sauke kundi a cikin 1999. Abin takaici, a lokacin da Uzodinma Ukpechi, (ɗaya daga cikin manyan dakarun da ke bayan kyamara a lokacin) ya ba shi lissafin, Alabi ya yi iƙirarin ya yanke shawarar samun kayan aiki tare da kuɗin. Ayyukansa na zane-zane da ilimin samar da sauti sun zama dandamali don bincika kwarewarsa.<ref name="abt">{{Cite web |title=Akin Alabi Biography |url=http://akinalabi.com/bio/ |access-date=30 December 2018 |publisher=Akin Alabi}}{{Dead link|date=June 2020}}</ref> Bayan ya harbe bidiyon kiɗa don mai zane mai zuwa da ake kira Nachur for Blac a cikin 2004, Akin ya zama sananne a cikin 2005 tare da bidiyon kiɗan Big Bamo da waƙar Paul Play mai taken Crazy . Akin wanda kuma ƙwararren mai ɗaukar hoto ne, yanzu ana iya sanya shi cikin mafi kyawun bidiyon kiɗa da masu gudanar da bidiyon gida a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |title=Akin Alabi |url=http://www.explode.com.ng/facilitators/akin-alabi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231043103/http://www.explode.com.ng/facilitators/akin-alabi/ |archive-date=31 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |publisher=Explode.com}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai zane-zane, ya kafa wata kungiya tare da matarsa mai suna T.I.V <ref>{{Cite web |last=Onos |date=22 April 2013 |title=New Video: T.I.V – Vanity |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2013/04/new-video-t-i-v-vanity/ |access-date=15 February 2019 |website=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda ya ci gaba da sakin wakar, Komole a shekarar 2012 wacce ta ci gaba da lashe kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Nigeria Music Video Awards (NMVA) don mafi kyawun amfani da wasan kwaikwayo, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tyler |date=27 November 2014 |title=Winners List – The Nigeria Music Video Awards (NMVA) 2014 |url=http://tooxclusive.com/editorial/winners-list-nigeria-music-video-awards-nmva-2014/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215102810/http://tooxclusive.com/editorial/winners-list-nigeria-music-video-awards-nmva-2014/ |archive-date=15 February 2019 |access-date=15 February 2019 |website=Too Exclusive}}</ref> Nominee for Nigeria Music Video Award (NM VA) a karkashin rukunin Best Gospel Video. Ayyukansa na bidiyo sun haɗa da waƙar da Konga ta buga mai taken Kabakaba, Komole ta TIV ft Vector, 'Gugbbamamu' da 'Babu kuskure' ta 9ice; 'Yankuliya,' 'Allah ina rokon,' 'Idan zan ce' ta Timaya; 'Promise Land' ta Paul Play; 'Crazy' ta Julius Agwu; 'Ariya' ta Ayuba; 'Bu nwanem' ta Onyeka Onwenu; 'Kabaka Tiba' ta Koro' ta Kgb; RCCG Gidan Kharou'<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kola |first=Tijani |title=Music Video Director, Akin Alabi, Speaks – I don't like to please people |url=https://rhodiesworld.com/music-video-director-akin-alabi-speaks-i-dont-like-to-please-people/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231043036/https://rhodiesworld.com/music-video-director-akin-alabi-speaks-i-dont-like-to-please-people/ |archive-date=31 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |publisher=Rhodies World}}</ref> Shi ne mahaliccin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na raye-raye a kan karin magana na Najeriya da ake kira My Nigerian Proverb yana nunawa yau da kullun a kan African Magic, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |title=TV GUIDE |url=https://africamagic.dstv.com/channel/africa-magic-yoruba |access-date=15 February 2019 |website=Africa Magic}}</ref> [[Trybetv]], YangaTv (UK) da kuma BRT Buses a Legas. A cikin 2018, ya fitar da wani littafi game da Misalai na Yoruba mai taken Akomolowe: Littafin Misalai na Yarinya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |title=Akomolewe |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRfvJwqnikA |access-date=15 February 2019 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Yana da sha'awar al'adun Afirka kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki akan amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na gani don kiyaye al'adun Yoruba musamman. Yana da kyaututtuka da yawa ga sunansa ciki har da lambar yabo ta City People ta 2012 don Darakta Mafi Kyawun Bidiyo, lambar yabo ta TAVA don Daraktocin Bidiyo Mafi Kyawun da Bidiyo mafi Kyawun RnB. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Alabi ta auri Bunmi Alabi a shekara ta 2008 kuma tare suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu kuma suna zaune a Legas Najeriya. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] sw73ziwt4ax4htinxu9s9fru2s7di0b Teco Benson 0 61674 967715 946383 2026-10-14T23:48:24Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378460699|Teco Benson]]" 967715 wikitext text/x-wiki Teco Benson (Fabrairu 28, 1971) darektan fina-finai ne Na Najeriya, marubuci, furodusa, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. An zabi shi a matsayin Darakta mafi kyau a Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka a 2006 da 2008, kuma ya lashe Darakta na Shekara a Kyautar Nollywood ta 2011. A shekara ta 2012, Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan na Najeriya ya yi masa ado a matsayin memba na Order of the Federal Republic . [1] [2][3] == Ayyuka == Teco ma'aikacin gwamnati ne da ke aiki tare da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Jihar Anambra . Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 1994, sannan ya shiga rubuce-rubuce da samar da fim a shekara ta 1995 kafin ya sauya zuwa jagora a shekara ta 1997. A shekara ta 2003, ya yi fim na farko da aka yi a Saliyo mai taken Blood Diamonds . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson on IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2201607/ |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nollywood Personalities: Teco Benson |url=http://www.africafilms.tv/en/personnes/837?PHPSESSID=7g9frm93qjp7gabugpmj1cuqm2 |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Africafilms.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson Biography |url=http://www.happenings9ja.com/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/beam-on-nollywood-teco-benson-a-veteran-director |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315172636/http://www.happenings9ja.com/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/beam-on-nollywood-teco-benson-a-veteran-director |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Happenings9ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson |url=http://www.africanfilmny.org/2013/teco-benson/ |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Africa Film Festival Inc}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson Filmography on iROKOtv |url=http://irokotv.com/director/179/teco-benson |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=iROKO Partners Ltd}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ADULTERY, FORNICATION NO LONGER A BIG DEAL IN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY –TECO BENSON |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/3862/adultery-fornication-no-longer-a-big-deal-in-entertainment.html |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Teco Kirista ne wanda aka sake haifa wanda ya yi aure a shekara ta 2001 tare da yara 3.<ref name=":0" /> Zai iya shirya shinkafa, miya mai zaki, da miya mai kayan lambu. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi |- |1996 |''Yarjejeniya'' (marubuci da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kawai) | |- |1997 |Rashin tausayi (marubuci kawai) | |- |1997 |Water-loo (''Ruwa'' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo) |- |1998 |''Rashin jituwa'' (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |''Wasan Ruwa'' | |- |1998 |Ofishin Jakadancin Kisan kai (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |Power to Bind (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1998 |Scores to Settle (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |Magic Money (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1999 |''Ranar Ƙididdiga'' | |- |1999 |''[[End of the Wicked|Ƙarshen Mugun]]'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |1999 |''Laifi Mai Tsarki'' (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1999 |''Farashin'' | |- |1999 |''An la'anta su Daga Ƙarshe'' | |- |1999 |The Bastard (kuma marubuci) | |- |2000 |''Ƙayyadadden Ƙayyadaddun'' | |- |2000 |Grace to Grass (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |2000 |''Hanyar zuwa Kabari'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2000 |''Yanayin Gaggawa'' | |- |2000 |''Shekaru da aka ɓata'' | |- |2001 |''Hasken rana mai zurfi'' | |- |2002 |''Ƙarfin Ƙarfi'' | |- |2002 |''Wauta ce!'' (kuma mai samarwa) | |- |2002 |An haife shi 2 Ya sha wahala | |- |2002 |''Hanyar zuwa Kabari'' | |- |2003 |''Fitarwa ta hanyar haɗari'' | |- |2003 |''Ikon Ƙungiya'' | |- |2004 |''Diamonds na jini'' | |- |2004 |''Alamar Hadari'' (kuma mai samarwa) | |- |2004 |''Yakin Yakin'' | |- |2004 |''Yanayin Gaggawa'' 1 da 2 | |- |2005 |''Ranar Gafartawa'' | |- |2005 |''Aljanu shida'' | |- |2006 |''Fashewa'' | |- |2006 |''Shiru na Alloli 1 & 2'' | |- |2008 |''Aikin zuwa Babu Wuri 1 & 2'' | |- |2010 |''Annabi na ƙarya'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2010 |''Babban Matsi na Jini'' | |- |2010 |Dokta Mai Zubbi | |- |2011 |''Brushes Biyu da Jariri'' | |- |2013 |''Hadari'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2015 |''Jinin a cikin Lagoon'' | |- |2017 |''Mr & Mrs, Babi na 2'' | |- |2018 |''Jinin Ɗaya'' | |- |2000 |''Laifin zartarwa'' | |- |1999 |''Idanu don Idanu'' | |- | |''Ƙararrawar Ƙarya'' | |- | |''Laifi'' | |- | |''Iku doro'' | |- | |''Mfana Ibagha'' | |- | |''Red Hot'' | |- | |''Sanata'' | |- | |''Tsoro'' | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Mnazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] csjsg6ixh9z8spseh29e4kfjztz7r30 967716 967715 2026-10-14T23:49:41Z Salma Raddah 45959 967716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Teco Benson (Fabrairu 28, 1971) darektan fina-finai ne Na Najeriya, marubuci, furodusa, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. An zabi shi a matsayin Darakta mafi kyau a Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka a 2006 da 2008, kuma ya lashe Darakta na Shekara a Kyautar Nollywood ta 2011. A shekara ta 2012, Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan na Najeriya ya yi masa ado a matsayin memba na Order of the Federal Republic . [1] [2][3] == Ayyuka == Teco ma'aikacin gwamnati ne da ke aiki tare da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Jihar Anambra . Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 1994, sannan ya shiga rubuce-rubuce da samar da fim a shekara ta 1995 kafin ya sauya zuwa jagora a shekara ta 1997. A shekara ta 2003, ya yi fim na farko da aka yi a Saliyo mai taken Blood Diamonds . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson on IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2201607/ |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nollywood Personalities: Teco Benson |url=http://www.africafilms.tv/en/personnes/837?PHPSESSID=7g9frm93qjp7gabugpmj1cuqm2 |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Africafilms.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson Biography |url=http://www.happenings9ja.com/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/beam-on-nollywood-teco-benson-a-veteran-director |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315172636/http://www.happenings9ja.com/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/beam-on-nollywood-teco-benson-a-veteran-director |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Happenings9ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson |url=http://www.africanfilmny.org/2013/teco-benson/ |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Africa Film Festival Inc}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson Filmography on iROKOtv |url=http://irokotv.com/director/179/teco-benson |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=iROKO Partners Ltd}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ADULTERY, FORNICATION NO LONGER A BIG DEAL IN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY –TECO BENSON |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/3862/adultery-fornication-no-longer-a-big-deal-in-entertainment.html |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Teco Kirista ne wanda aka sake haifa wanda ya yi aure a shekara ta 2001 tare da yara 3.<ref name=":0" /> Zai iya shirya shinkafa, miya mai zaki, da miya mai kayan lambu. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi |- |1996 |''Yarjejeniya'' (marubuci da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kawai) | |- |1997 |Rashin tausayi (marubuci kawai) | |- |1997 |Water-loo (''Ruwa'' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo) |- |1998 |''Rashin jituwa'' (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |''Wasan Ruwa'' | |- |1998 |Ofishin Jakadancin Kisan kai (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |Power to Bind (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1998 |Scores to Settle (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |Magic Money (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1999 |''Ranar Ƙididdiga'' | |- |1999 |''[[End of the Wicked|Ƙarshen Mugun]]'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |1999 |''Laifi Mai Tsarki'' (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1999 |''Farashin'' | |- |1999 |''An la'anta su Daga Ƙarshe'' | |- |1999 |The Bastard (kuma marubuci) | |- |2000 |''Ƙayyadadden Ƙayyadaddun'' | |- |2000 |Grace to Grass (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |2000 |''Hanyar zuwa Kabari'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2000 |''Yanayin Gaggawa'' | |- |2000 |''Shekaru da aka ɓata'' | |- |2001 |''Hasken rana mai zurfi'' | |- |2002 |''Ƙarfin Ƙarfi'' | |- |2002 |''Wauta ce!'' (kuma mai samarwa) | |- |2002 |An haife shi 2 Ya sha wahala | |- |2002 |''Hanyar zuwa Kabari'' | |- |2003 |''Fitarwa ta hanyar haɗari'' | |- |2003 |''Ikon Ƙungiya'' | |- |2004 |''Diamonds na jini'' | |- |2004 |''Alamar Hadari'' (kuma mai samarwa) | |- |2004 |''Yakin Yakin'' | |- |2004 |''Yanayin Gaggawa'' 1 da 2 | |- |2005 |''Ranar Gafartawa'' | |- |2005 |''Aljanu shida'' | |- |2006 |''Fashewa'' | |- |2006 |''Shiru na Alloli 1 & 2'' | |- |2008 |''Aikin zuwa Babu Wuri 1 & 2'' | |- |2010 |''Annabi na ƙarya'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2010 |''Babban Matsi na Jini'' | |- |2010 |Dokta Mai Zubbi | |- |2011 |''Brushes Biyu da Jariri'' | |- |2013 |''Hadari'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2015 |''Jinin a cikin Lagoon'' | |- |2017 |''Mr & Mrs, Babi na 2'' | |- |2018 |''Jinin Ɗaya'' | |- |2000 |''Laifin zartarwa'' | |- |1999 |''Idanu don Idanu'' | |- | |''Ƙararrawar Ƙarya'' | |- | |''Laifi'' | |- | |''Iku doro'' | |- | |''Mfana Ibagha'' | |- | |''Red Hot'' | |- | |''Sanata'' | |- | |''Tsoro'' | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Mnazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6vefmby6abb0fcfaz481j3zmwxp88as Emeka Ani 0 62148 967719 938283 2026-10-14T23:55:22Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379683950|Emeka Ani]]" 967719 wikitext text/x-wiki   == Rayuwa ta mutum == A cikin 2021, ya nemi kudade da tallafi don biyan kuɗin asibiti da ci gaba da kula da lafiya bayan bugun jini.[1] Ya karbi naira miliyan shida daga jagoran addini Jeremiah Fufeyin . [2] == Hotunan fina-finai == * Maƙaryaci (1998) a matsayin Malibe * Karishika II (1999) a matsayin shugaban addini * ''[[Issakaba]]'' (2000) * ''[[The Last Burial|Kabari na Ƙarshe]]'' (2000) * Abuja Connection (2003) a matsayin Bitrus * Desperate Billionaire (2005) a matsayin mai ruhaniya * Kissing the Wind (2006) * Nursina ta Amurka (2006) a matsayin Obasanjo * Macijin Yarinya (2006) a matsayin Ogbakaja * ''The Snake Girl II (2006) a matsayin Ogbakaja'' * ''Macijin a Aljanna (2006) '' * ''Macijin a cikin Aljanna II (2006) '' * ''Babu Ƙaunar II (2007) a matsayin Mai Girma'' * 666 (Ka kula da Ƙarshen Yana Hannu) 1 & 2 (2007) a matsayin Lucifer * Ikilisiya a kan Wuta 1 & 2 (2008) * ''Okoto Manzo'' (2011) a matsayin Mista Okorie * ''Kuskuren Iyali'' * ''Wani lokaci a watan Yuli'' (2018) a matsayin Lt. Col. Odogwu * ''Ogbo Nke Ajuala'' (2020) a matsayin Ajuala == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7sgdrxefuht6qv9td4lj9ttiohosj4f 967720 967719 2026-10-14T23:56:32Z Salma Raddah 45959 967720 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} == Rayuwa ta mutum == A cikin 2021, ya nemi kudade da tallafi don biyan kuɗin asibiti da ci gaba da kula da lafiya bayan bugun jini.[1] Ya karbi naira miliyan shida daga jagoran addini Jeremiah Fufeyin . [2] == Hotunan fina-finai == * Maƙaryaci (1998) a matsayin Malibe * Karishika II (1999) a matsayin shugaban addini * ''[[Issakaba]]'' (2000) * ''[[The Last Burial|Kabari na Ƙarshe]]'' (2000) * Abuja Connection (2003) a matsayin Bitrus * Desperate Billionaire (2005) a matsayin mai ruhaniya * Kissing the Wind (2006) * Nursina ta Amurka (2006) a matsayin Obasanjo * Macijin Yarinya (2006) a matsayin Ogbakaja * ''The Snake Girl II (2006) a matsayin Ogbakaja'' * ''Macijin a Aljanna (2006) '' * ''Macijin a cikin Aljanna II (2006) '' * ''Babu Ƙaunar II (2007) a matsayin Mai Girma'' * 666 (Ka kula da Ƙarshen Yana Hannu) 1 & 2 (2007) a matsayin Lucifer * Ikilisiya a kan Wuta 1 & 2 (2008) * ''Okoto Manzo'' (2011) a matsayin Mista Okorie * ''Kuskuren Iyali'' * ''Wani lokaci a watan Yuli'' (2018) a matsayin Lt. Col. Odogwu * ''Ogbo Nke Ajuala'' (2020) a matsayin Ajuala == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ir3rge5aezgo9sdmjbfz82xmgrcl9ky Sakshi Tanwar 0 63147 967669 956075 2026-10-14T21:35:25Z Ammarpad 4826 /* Kyaututtuka da karramawa */ - 967669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Sakshi Tanwar,''' yar [[Wasannin Motsa Jiki|wasan]] fim ce ta ƙasar Indiya [[Kumasi|kuma]] mai gabatar da [[Shirley Graham Du Bois|shirye]] [[Shirley Graham Du Bois|shirye]] a talabijin. == Tarihin Rayuwar ta == [[Fayil:SakshiAtBigStar.jpg|thumb|Sakshi Tanwar]] An haifi Sakshi Tanwar a cikin shekara ta alif ɗari tara da saba'in da biyu 1972 ko shekara ta alif ɗari tara da saba'in da uku 1973 ƴa ga Rajendra Singh Tanwar, jami'in CBI mai ritaya, a cikin dangin Rajput na tsakiya daga Alwar, [[Rajasthan]], Indiya. Ta yi karatu a Kendriya Vidyalayas da yawa kafin ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Lady Shri Ram a [[New Delhi]] . Kafin wannan, a cikin shekara ta alif ɗari tara da saba'in 1990, bayan kammala karatun digiri na farko, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da tallace-tallace a otal mai taurari biyar 5 .<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kaushik|first1=Divya|title=Sakshi Tanwar: Worked in a Delhi five-star, bought a sari with first salary|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/sakshi-tanwar-worked-in-a-delhi-five-star-bought-a-sari-with-first-salary/articleshow/57736340.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=26 May 2017|date=21 March 2017}}</ref> A koleji, ita ce sakatariya kuma shugabar al'umma mai ban mamaki. yayin da take shirye-shiryen gwajin shiga ayyukan gudanarwa da sadarwar jama'a/mutane, ta ba da jawabi ga shirin wakokin fim na gidan rediyon Doordarshan na ''Albela Sur Mela'' a cikin shekara ta alif ɗari tara da casa'in da takwas 1998; aka zabe ta a matsayin mai gabatarwa. == Sana'a == [[Fayil:Sakshi Tanwar at ‘Khidkiyaan’ movie festival launch.jpg|thumb|Sakshi Tanwar]] Bayan fitowarta ta farko ta talabijin a cikin Shekaran 1998 tare da ''Albela Sur Mela'', Tanwar ta sami suna saboda rawar da ta taka na Parvati Agarwal a cikin wasan opera na sabulu, ''Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii'' . <ref name="dnaindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1818232/report-chhote-acche-lagte-hain|title=Chhote acche lagte hain...|date=3 April 2013|work=dna}}</ref> Tsakanin Shekaran 2011 zuwa 2014, ta buga Priya Kapoor, tare da Ram Kapoor, a ''Bade Achhe Lagte Hain'' 2012, ta yi bayyanar ta uku akan wasan kwaikwayo na gaskiya ''Kaun Banega Crorepati'' . A cikin fim din ''Dangal'' na 2016, Tanwar ya buga Daya Kaur, matar tsohon dan kokawa Mahavir Singh Phogat (wanda [[Amir Khan|Aamir Khan]] ya buga), wanda ke horar da 'ya'yansa mata su zama masu kokawa a duniya kan rashin jituwar zamantakewa. <ref>{{cite web|title=This is Why Aamir wanted Sakshi Tanwar to play his onscreen wife in Dangal|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/this-is-why-aamir-wanted-sakshi-tanwar-to-play-his-onscreen-wife-in-dangal/story-Je2xAcf1qHuUtcE9cNKzIO.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=26 May 2017|date=14 December 2016}}</ref> Sakshi Tanwar ya sake dawowa a talabijin tare da ''Tyohaar Ki Thaali'', wanda tashar Epic ta fara watsawa a cikin Fabrairu 2018. <ref>{{cite web|title=Sakshi Tanwar to come back with new season of Tyohaar Ki Thaali|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv-sakshi-tanwar-to-come-back-with-new-season-of-tyohaar-ki-thaali-428508|work=[[India TV]]|access-date=17 February 2018|date=19 February 2018}}</ref> [[Fayil:Shaina NC Fashion Show 2.jpg|thumb|Sakshi Tanwar]] Manoj Bajpayee, Neena Gupta, Sakshi Tanwar sun hadu don shirin 'Dial 100' mai zuwa.<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Rishita Roy Chowdhury |date=December 1, 2020 |title=Manoj Bajpayee, Neena Gupta, Sakshi Tanwar come together for thriller Dial 100|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/manoj-bajpayee-neena-gupta-sakshi-tanwar-come-together-for-thriller-dial-100-1745629-2020-12-01|access-date=2020-12-01|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A cikin Shekaran 2018, Sakshi ta zama uwa daya tilo lokacin da ta dauki jaririyar wata tara mai suna Dityaa Tanwar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/sakshi-tanwar-adopts-baby-girl-names-her-dityaa-see-their-first-pic-inside/story-G471tvdWDVnLh9JskdR4eI.html|title=Sakshi Tanwar adopts baby girl Dityaa, calls it greatest moment of her life. See pic|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=20 October 2018}}</ref> == Filmography == [[File:Sakshi_Tanwar_at_Success_bash_of_'The_Dirty_Picture'_(23).jpg|right|thumb| Sakshi Tanwar at the success bash of ''The Dirty Picture'']] === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Matsayi ! Bayanan kula ! Ref(s) |- | 1999 | ''Lalia'' | Lalia | | Tashar talabijin |- | 1999 | ''Albela Sur Mela'' | Mai gabatarwa | | |- | 2000-2008 | ''Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii'' | Parvati Agarwal / Swati Dixit/ Janki Devi Dixit | | |- | 2001-2002 | ''Kutumb'' | Maya Mittal | | |- | 2002-2004 | ''Devi'' | Gayatri Vikram Sharma | | |- | 2004 | ''Jassi Jaisi Koi Nahin'' | Indira Bhargav | | |- | 2005 | ''Kaun Banega Crorepati 2'' | Mai gasa | | |- | rowspan="2" |2008 | ''Bawandar'' | Bako | | |- | ''Kahaani Hamaaray Mahabhaarat Ki'' | Ganga | | |- | 2009 | ''Gidan Kofi'' | Bako | | |- | rowspan="2" |2010 | ''Patrol na laifuka 2'' | Mai Gabatarwa | | |- | ''Balka Vadhu'' | Teepri | Cameo | |- | 2011-2014 | ''Bade Achhe Lagte Hain'' | Priya Sharma Kapoor | | |- | 2012-2013 | ''Kaun Banega Crorepati 6'' | Mai gasa | 2 sassa | |- | 2013 | ''Ek Thhi Naayika'' | Pooja | | |- | 2014 | ''Main Naa Bhoolungi'' | Mai ba da labari | | |- | 2015 | ''Koda ja'' | Mai gabatarwa / Mai ba da labari | | <ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Sakshi-Tanwar-to-host-a-crime-show/articleshow/45476492.cms Sakshi Tanwar to host a crime show]</ref> |- | 2016 | ''24: Kashi na 2'' | Shivani Malik | | |- | 2017 | ''Tyohaar Ki Thaali'' | Mai gabatarwa | | |- | 2022 | ''Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 2'' | Sheel Chaudhary | Bako | |} === Fina-finai === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Matsayi ! Bayanan kula ! Ref. |- | 2006 | ''Ya da Manva'' | Sandhya | | |- | 2008 | ''C Kompany'' | Jarumar talabijin | Cameo | |- | 2009 | ''Gidan Kofi'' | Kavita | | |- | rowspan="2" | 2011 | ''Aatankwadi Uncle'' | Sumitra | | |- | ''Bawra Mann'' | Pallavi | | |- | 2015 | ''Katyar Kaljat Ghusali'' | Nabila | Fim ɗin Marathi | |- | 2016 | ''Dangal'' | Daya Kaur | | |- | 2018 | ''Mohalla Assi'' | Savitri | | |- | 2021 | ''Kira 100'' | Prerna Sood | fim din ZEE5 | |- | 2022 | ''Samrat Prithviraj'' | Matar Jayachandra | | |} === Jerin Yanar Gizo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Matsayi ! Ref. |- | 2017-2019 | ''Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat'' | Dr. Tripurasundari "Tipsy" Nagrajan | |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 | ''Kiran Karshe'' | ATC Kiran Mirza | |- | ''Ofishin Jakadancin Sama da Mars'' | Nandita Hariprasad | |- | 2022 | ''Mai: Haushin Uwa'' | Sheel Chaudhary | |- |} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 0s5zlj61ufokujybj66492xafxzo6o9 Three Thieves (fim, 1966) 0 69856 967524 376112 2026-10-14T12:29:17Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357115079|Three Thieves (1966 film)]]" 967524 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |'Yan fashi Uku |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Three_Thieves.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Hoton fim</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data description" |Daga nan |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * [[Hassan el-Imam|Hassan El Imam]] * [[Kamal El Sheikh]] * [[Fatin Abdel Wahab]] </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |Ihsan Abdel Quddous |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |[[Salah Zulfikar]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * [[Salah Zulfikar]] * [[Yehia Chahin|Yehia Chahine]] * [[Farid Shawqi]] </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Mahmoud Fahmy * Mustafa Hassan * Kamal Karim </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Rachida Abdel Salam |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Kamfanin Fim na Salah Zulfikar * Filmentaj </div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Filmentaj |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * 1966 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1966</span>)&nbsp;</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Misira |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" |Larabci na Masar |} '''<nowiki/>'Yan fashi Uku''' kuma an san su da 'Yan fashin 3 (Masar Larabci) fim ne na Masar na 1966. Yana ba da labarai daban-daban guda 3 game da ɓarayi uku. Ihsan Abdel Quddous ne ya rubuta fim din kuma [[Salah Zulfikar]] ne ya samar da shi. [[Yehia Chahin|Yehia Chahine]] ta taka rawar alƙali. == Labari na farko: Ɓarawon zinariya == === Makirci === Abubuwan da suka faru sun shafi Mohsen, ma'aikaci wanda aka tura shi Alkahira. Yana neman wani gida don zama a ciki. Ya sami ɗaki, amma ya yi mamakin babban farashi. Yana buƙatar ya sayi nama daga mai gidan wanda ke da shagon nama. Ya san matar mai yanka kuma ya tafi gidanta ya ba shi wasu zinariya. Matar tana adawa da wani wanda ya zo sayi wani gida, matar ta ki saduwa da Mohsen kuma ya yanke shawarar satar zinare na matar. === Masu ba da labari === * [[Salah Zulfikar]]: (Mohsen) * Hind Rostom: (Narges - matar Madbouly) * Saeed Abu Bakr: (Musad Al-Bawab) * Mohamed Reda: (Madbouly mai yankan nama) * [[Youssef Fakhr Eddine]]: (sabon mazaunin) === Ma'aikata === * Mai ba da umarni: [[Fatin Abdel Wahab]] * Shirin fim da tattaunawa: Abdel Rehim Haggag * Hotuna: Mahmoud Fahmy * Gyara: Rashida Abdel Salam == Labari na biyu: Ɓarawon bas din == === Makirci === Abubuwan da suka faru sun shafi "Al-Usta Fahmy", direban da ke isar da kayayyaki. Matarsa tana jin rashin lafiya, don haka ya kai ta wurin likita, wanda ya gaya masa cewa tana da cutar zuciya. Matarsa tana jin gajiya yayin aikinsa, don haka ya sayi magani kuma ya hau bas don zuwa ga matarsa. Ya nemi direban ya hanzarta saboda gajiyawar matarsa da bukatar ta magani, amma ya gaya masa idan yana so ya hanzarita, dole ne ya ɗauki taksi, sannan direban zai bar bas ya tafi shan shayi, don haka Fahmy ya nemi ya koma bas din, amma direban yana gaya masa cewa yana hutu. === Masu ba da labari === * [[Farid Shawqi]]: (Fahmy) * [[Nabila Ebeid]]: (Buthaina - matar Fahmy) * Abdel Moneim Ibrahim: (Al Kamsari) * [[Adly Kasseb]]: (mai tuka bas) * Adel Emam: (yana hawa bas) * Suheir Al-Baroni: (mai rawa - hawa bas) * Mohamed Shawky: (shop - fasinja a cikin bas) * Dokta Shadid: (Awad - fasinja a cikin bas) === ma'aikatan === * Jagoran: [[Hassan el-Imam|Hassan El Imam]] * Hotuna da tattaunawa: El Sayed Badir - [[Youssef Francis]] * Hoton: Mustafa Hassan * Gyara: Rachida Abdel Salam == Labari na uku: Ɓarawo na kawunsa == === mãkirci === Abubuwan da suka faru sun shafi "Moneim", wani saurayi wanda ke zaune tare da kawunsa Tawheeda. Ya nemi wata yarinya, amma ba zai iya samun gida don ya auri ba. Gwaggo Tawheeda ta ki auren Nahid a gidanta. Ya miƙa wa Nahid wani mutum kuma yana da ɗaki. Monem yana tunanin auren Nahid a cikin ɗakin bayan mutuwar kawunsa. Mahaifiyar Nahid ta gaya masa cewa za ta yi wa 'yarta alkawari ga wani mutum idan bai sami gida ba ko kuma idan kawunsa bai mutu ba. Monem ya yi kama da fatalwa kuma ya tsoratar da kawunsa, don haka ta rasa hankali kuma ta yi tunanin cewa ta mutu kuma ta gudu. Gwaggo ta zo wurinsa ta gaya masa cewa ta yarda. A lokacin da ya auri Nahid, ta ba shi mabuɗin ɗakin kuma ta gaya masa cewa ta ba shi kuɗin ta kuma ta ba shi maɓallin akwatin. Lokacin da ya tafi karbar kuɗin, kawunsa ya kai shi ga 'yan sanda kuma an kama shi. === Masu ba da labari === * [[Hassan Youssef (actor)|Hassan Youssef]]: (Moneim) * [[Madiha Salem]]: (Nahed - budurwar Monem) * Negma Ibrahim: (Tawheed - kawun Monem) * [[Mimi Chakib]]: (MahaifiyarNahed) * Ihsan Sharif: (Farida - kawun Monem) * Abu Bakr Ezzat: (Mohamed Al-Arian) === ma'aikatan === * [[Kamal El Sheikh]] ne ya shirya shi * Shirin fim da tattaunawa: Abdel Rehim Haggag * Hoton: Kamal Karim * Gyara: Galal Mustafa == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> jgt1mkly6vkcn6mc4j8g404ro52vylx 967526 967524 2026-10-14T12:29:53Z Salma Raddah 45959 967526 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |'Yan fashi Uku |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Three_Thieves.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Hoton fim</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data description" |Daga nan |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * [[Hassan el-Imam|Hassan El Imam]] * [[Kamal El Sheikh]] * [[Fatin Abdel Wahab]] </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |Ihsan Abdel Quddous |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |[[Salah Zulfikar]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * [[Salah Zulfikar]] * [[Yehia Chahin|Yehia Chahine]] * [[Farid Shawqi]] </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Mahmoud Fahmy * Mustafa Hassan * Kamal Karim </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Rachida Abdel Salam |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Kamfanin Fim na Salah Zulfikar * Filmentaj </div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Filmentaj |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * 1966 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1966</span>)&nbsp;</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Misira |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" |Larabci na Masar |} {{Databox}} '''<nowiki/>'Yan fashi Uku''' kuma an san su da 'Yan fashin 3 (Masar Larabci) fim ne na Masar na 1966. Yana ba da labarai daban-daban guda 3 game da ɓarayi uku. Ihsan Abdel Quddous ne ya rubuta fim din kuma [[Salah Zulfikar]] ne ya samar da shi. [[Yehia Chahin|Yehia Chahine]] ta taka rawar alƙali. == Labari na farko: Ɓarawon zinariya == === Makirci === Abubuwan da suka faru sun shafi Mohsen, ma'aikaci wanda aka tura shi Alkahira. Yana neman wani gida don zama a ciki. Ya sami ɗaki, amma ya yi mamakin babban farashi. Yana buƙatar ya sayi nama daga mai gidan wanda ke da shagon nama. Ya san matar mai yanka kuma ya tafi gidanta ya ba shi wasu zinariya. Matar tana adawa da wani wanda ya zo sayi wani gida, matar ta ki saduwa da Mohsen kuma ya yanke shawarar satar zinare na matar. === Masu ba da labari === * [[Salah Zulfikar]]: (Mohsen) * Hind Rostom: (Narges - matar Madbouly) * Saeed Abu Bakr: (Musad Al-Bawab) * Mohamed Reda: (Madbouly mai yankan nama) * [[Youssef Fakhr Eddine]]: (sabon mazaunin) === Ma'aikata === * Mai ba da umarni: [[Fatin Abdel Wahab]] * Shirin fim da tattaunawa: Abdel Rehim Haggag * Hotuna: Mahmoud Fahmy * Gyara: Rashida Abdel Salam == Labari na biyu: Ɓarawon bas din == === Makirci === Abubuwan da suka faru sun shafi "Al-Usta Fahmy", direban da ke isar da kayayyaki. Matarsa tana jin rashin lafiya, don haka ya kai ta wurin likita, wanda ya gaya masa cewa tana da cutar zuciya. Matarsa tana jin gajiya yayin aikinsa, don haka ya sayi magani kuma ya hau bas don zuwa ga matarsa. Ya nemi direban ya hanzarta saboda gajiyawar matarsa da bukatar ta magani, amma ya gaya masa idan yana so ya hanzarita, dole ne ya ɗauki taksi, sannan direban zai bar bas ya tafi shan shayi, don haka Fahmy ya nemi ya koma bas din, amma direban yana gaya masa cewa yana hutu. === Masu ba da labari === * [[Farid Shawqi]]: (Fahmy) * [[Nabila Ebeid]]: (Buthaina - matar Fahmy) * Abdel Moneim Ibrahim: (Al Kamsari) * [[Adly Kasseb]]: (mai tuka bas) * Adel Emam: (yana hawa bas) * Suheir Al-Baroni: (mai rawa - hawa bas) * Mohamed Shawky: (shop - fasinja a cikin bas) * Dokta Shadid: (Awad - fasinja a cikin bas) === ma'aikatan === * Jagoran: [[Hassan el-Imam|Hassan El Imam]] * Hotuna da tattaunawa: El Sayed Badir - [[Youssef Francis]] * Hoton: Mustafa Hassan * Gyara: Rachida Abdel Salam == Labari na uku: Ɓarawo na kawunsa == === mãkirci === Abubuwan da suka faru sun shafi "Moneim", wani saurayi wanda ke zaune tare da kawunsa Tawheeda. Ya nemi wata yarinya, amma ba zai iya samun gida don ya auri ba. Gwaggo Tawheeda ta ki auren Nahid a gidanta. Ya miƙa wa Nahid wani mutum kuma yana da ɗaki. Monem yana tunanin auren Nahid a cikin ɗakin bayan mutuwar kawunsa. Mahaifiyar Nahid ta gaya masa cewa za ta yi wa 'yarta alkawari ga wani mutum idan bai sami gida ba ko kuma idan kawunsa bai mutu ba. Monem ya yi kama da fatalwa kuma ya tsoratar da kawunsa, don haka ta rasa hankali kuma ta yi tunanin cewa ta mutu kuma ta gudu. Gwaggo ta zo wurinsa ta gaya masa cewa ta yarda. A lokacin da ya auri Nahid, ta ba shi mabuɗin ɗakin kuma ta gaya masa cewa ta ba shi kuɗin ta kuma ta ba shi maɓallin akwatin. Lokacin da ya tafi karbar kuɗin, kawunsa ya kai shi ga 'yan sanda kuma an kama shi. === Masu ba da labari === * [[Hassan Youssef (actor)|Hassan Youssef]]: (Moneim) * [[Madiha Salem]]: (Nahed - budurwar Monem) * Negma Ibrahim: (Tawheed - kawun Monem) * [[Mimi Chakib]]: (MahaifiyarNahed) * Ihsan Sharif: (Farida - kawun Monem) * Abu Bakr Ezzat: (Mohamed Al-Arian) === ma'aikatan === * [[Kamal El Sheikh]] ne ya shirya shi * Shirin fim da tattaunawa: Abdel Rehim Haggag * Hoton: Kamal Karim * Gyara: Galal Mustafa == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 93zmidw1syexajjlegj1wy7ujw9xgtx Sola Kosoko 0 70223 967507 931352 2026-10-14T12:09:22Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372441375|Sola Kosoko]]" 967507 wikitext text/x-wiki Sola Kosoko, Listenⓘ wanda aka fi sani da Sola Kosoko-Abina (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1980), [1] 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya kuma darektan fim da aka sani da Láròdá òjò . Ita 'yar Jide Kosoko ce . [1][2] Sola kosoko ta fito a fim din Pala Pala wanda ya hada da Yemi Solade da Muyiwa Kosoko . Ta yi jawabi ga matasan Najeriya a lokacin shirin Media Literacy and Capacity Building == Ilimi == Kosoko tana da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga [[Jami'ar Olabisi Onabanjo]] . == Ayyuka == Kosoko ta fara aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo a 1999 inda ta fito a fim mai suna ''Ola Abata'' wanda mahaifinta ya samar; [[Jide Kosoko]] . A shekara ta 2001, ta yi fim din ''Omo Olorire'' wanda ya sa ta shahara. Ta yi fim a fina-finai da yawa a Turanci da Yoruba tun lokacin da ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Sola Kosoko tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan [[Jide Kosoko]] . Ta auri Abiodun Abinna, kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu (Oluwasindara da Oluwasikemi) da ɗa (Oluwasire). == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == * Nomin da mutane suka bayar a cikin birni == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Ola Abata'' (1999) * ''Oko Irese'' (2000) * ''Omo Olorire'' (2003) a matsayin Enitan * ''Oko Irese'' * ''Omo Bishop'' (2005) * Eje Adegbenro 2 (2006) a matsayin Akowe Adegbenre * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Láròdá òjò'' (2008) a matsayin Inuwa * ''[[Apaadi]] (2009) '' * ''Eti Keta (2011) a matsayin Ifeoma'' * ''Oloruka'' (2017) * ''Oga (2017) a matsayin Abokin Demi'' * ''Fadar sarauta'' (2018) * ''Ainiwa (2021) a matsayin Sindara'' * Shadow Parties (2021) a matsayin Asabi * ''Jemila'' * ''Kwarin Tsakanin'' * ''Roses da ƙaya''<ref name="Encomium Magazine 2015">{{Cite web |date=23 December 2015 |title='I want to exceed my father's success,' says Sola Kosoko |url=https://encomium.ng/i-want-to-exceed-my-fathers-success-says-sola-kosoko/ |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=Encomium Magazine}}</ref> == Manazara == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] i7wz3vu0m0wiqnu8z4hfazddtupc1zy 967509 967507 2026-10-14T12:10:19Z Salma Raddah 45959 967509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Sola Kosoko, Listenⓘ wanda aka fi sani da Sola Kosoko-Abina (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1980), [1] 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya kuma darektan fim da aka sani da Láròdá òjò . Ita 'yar Jide Kosoko ce . [1][2] Sola kosoko ta fito a fim din Pala Pala wanda ya hada da Yemi Solade da Muyiwa Kosoko . Ta yi jawabi ga matasan Najeriya a lokacin shirin Media Literacy and Capacity Building == Ilimi == Kosoko tana da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga [[Jami'ar Olabisi Onabanjo]] . == Ayyuka == Kosoko ta fara aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo a 1999 inda ta fito a fim mai suna ''Ola Abata'' wanda mahaifinta ya samar; [[Jide Kosoko]] . A shekara ta 2001, ta yi fim din ''Omo Olorire'' wanda ya sa ta shahara. Ta yi fim a fina-finai da yawa a Turanci da Yoruba tun lokacin da ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Sola Kosoko tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan [[Jide Kosoko]] . Ta auri Abiodun Abinna, kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu (Oluwasindara da Oluwasikemi) da ɗa (Oluwasire). == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == * Nomin da mutane suka bayar a cikin birni == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Ola Abata'' (1999) * ''Oko Irese'' (2000) * ''Omo Olorire'' (2003) a matsayin Enitan * ''Oko Irese'' * ''Omo Bishop'' (2005) * Eje Adegbenro 2 (2006) a matsayin Akowe Adegbenre * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Láròdá òjò'' (2008) a matsayin Inuwa * ''[[Apaadi]] (2009) '' * ''Eti Keta (2011) a matsayin Ifeoma'' * ''Oloruka'' (2017) * ''Oga (2017) a matsayin Abokin Demi'' * ''Fadar sarauta'' (2018) * ''Ainiwa (2021) a matsayin Sindara'' * Shadow Parties (2021) a matsayin Asabi * ''Jemila'' * ''Kwarin Tsakanin'' * ''Roses da ƙaya''<ref name="Encomium Magazine 2015">{{Cite web |date=23 December 2015 |title='I want to exceed my father's success,' says Sola Kosoko |url=https://encomium.ng/i-want-to-exceed-my-fathers-success-says-sola-kosoko/ |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=Encomium Magazine}}</ref> == Manazara == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] bdbyk7h9rrokqoodskmd821ol43gwuh Sugar Rush (fim) 0 71633 967717 914475 2026-10-14T23:52:25Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360833899|Sugar Rush (film)]]" 967717 wikitext text/x-wiki Sugar Rush fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka na Najeriya na 2019 wanda Jadesola Osiberu da Bunmi Ajakaiye suka rubuta, kuma Kayode Kasum ne ya ba da umarni. Tauraron fim din Adesua Etomi, Bisola Aiyeola da Bimbo Ademoye a cikin manyan matsayi.[1] Fim din ya fito ne a wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019 daidai da Kirsimeti kuma ya buɗe ga sake dubawa daga masu sukar.[2][3] Duk da sake dubawa, fim din ya zama nasarar ofishin jakadancin kuma ya zama Fim na huɗu mafi girma na Najeriya a kowane lokaci a cikin 202;, a cikin 2024 ya zama fim din Najeriya na goma sha ɗaya mafi girma a kowane lokac == Makirci == 'Yan uwan Sugar sun gano $ 800,000 a gidan wani mutum mai cin hanci da rashawa, Cif Douglas. A cikin 'yan kwanaki masu zuwa, sun fara kashe wasu kudaden ne kawai don saduwa da Waterloo lokacin da mafia ta zo neman hannun jari. Koyaya, labarin ya kai ga EFCC (Kwamitin Kula da Laifukan Tattalin Arziki da Kudi) inda suka ba da takardar izinin bincike ga 'yan'uwa mata Sugar, saboda ba su iya samun kuɗin ba. Ba tare da sanin 'yan'uwa mata ba, saurayin Sola, Andy ya sace sauran kuɗin. Yayin da 'yan'uwa mata ke ƙoƙarin dawo da kuɗin daga gare shi, sai ya rasa ransa a cikin tsari, kuma wani ya sace kuɗin. Gina, shugaban kungiyar 'yan ta'adda wanda ke neman kudi, ta aika da mutanenta don sace' yan uwan Sugar kuma ta tilasta musu su sace karin kudi daga "The White Lion", Anikulapo, wani sanannen mutum da aka sani da samun mafi yawan kadarorin Najeriya wanda shi ma tsohon mijin Gina ne. 'Yan uwan Sugar sun haɗu da wasu jami'an EFCC kuma sun sami nasarar sata kuɗin. Gina ta sadu da su a wani ɓoye kuma ta nemi kuɗin ta, inda ta sadu da shugaban EFCC, wanda a bayyane ya yarda ya kashe Cif Douglas saboda kuɗin ya kasance nasa. Anikulapo ya kama su kuma ya bukaci kudi. Abubuwa suna da zafi, kuma akwai harbi. Gina ta rasa rayuwarta a cikin tsari. Abin farin ciki 'yan'uwa mata Sugar da jami'an EFCC sun sami damar tserewa tare da kuɗin. Anikulapo ya kama su, ya ɗauki kuɗin, kuma ya bukaci a kashe su a cikin wuta, amma sun sami damar tserewa. Ya ƙare a wani wuri inda Anikulapo ya gano cewa kuɗin bai cika ba kuma karya ne, a wannan lokacin 'yan uwan Sugar sun ɓace. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Bimbo Ademoye]] a matsayin Bola Sugar * [[Bisola Aiyeola]] a matsayin Sola Sugar * Iya Rainbow a matsayin Rhoda Sugar * [[Adesua Etomi|Adesua Etomi-Wellington]] a matsayin Susie Sugar * [[Idowu Philips]] a matsayin Rhoda Sugar * [[Uzor Arukwe]] a matsayin Knight * [[Tobi Bakre]] a matsayin Andy * [[Mawuli Gavor]] a matsayin Dan * Jide Kosoko a matsayin Cif Douglas * [[Toke Makinwa]] a matsayin Gina * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Kpala * [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Mrs. Madueke * [[Banky W]] a matsayin Anikulapo, aka White Lion * Uchemba Williams a matsayin Obum * [[D'banj|D'Banj]] a matsayin kansa (bayyanar musamman) == Fitarwa == Babban hoton fim din da aka gudanar na kwanaki 14 a wurare daban-daban a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. == Ofishin akwatin == Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 40 a karshen mako na farko tun lokacin da aka saki Kirsimeti kuma ya zama fim na biyar mafi girma a Nollywood a shekarar 2019 tare da dala miliyan 58.76. Fim din ya shiga kulob din miliyan 100 a watan Janairun 2020. == Karɓar baƙi == Nollywood Reinvented ya kimanta fim din da kashi 51 cikin 100 <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2020 |title=Sugar Rush Movie Review |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2020/07/sugar-rush.html |access-date=2020-07-05 |website=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref> yana mai cewa fim din shine "wannan sabon tsarin nollywood a mafi ƙarfinsa: manyan kayan fasaha da sanannun shahararrun mutane da kuma wasan kwaikwayo daidai da blockbuster". Ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon da Bimbo Ademoye ya yi da kuma jagorancin Kayode Kasum amma ya kammala da cewa "Sugar Rush ya fi bayyana shi azaman nishaɗi mara hankali". A cikin bita, Nollywood Post ya ce "Sugar rush ya sami damar kama hankalin masu sauraron sa tun daga farko. Zaɓin da ya dace don farawa da yanayin azabtarwa. Nan da nan mutum yana son gano abin da ya haifar da taron kuma hakan yana da yabo. Ba wai kawai ya fara da kyau ba, amma jerin abubuwan ban dariya a cikin labarin suma suna da nishaɗi". Nishaɗi na Najeriya A yau ya ce "Sugar Rush ba cikakke ba ne amma kamar yadda fina-finai na wasan kwaikwayo ke tafiya, ya fi cikakkiyar kunshin fiye da duk sauran manyan fina-falla na ofishin wasan kwaikwayo da aka saki a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Tabbas yana ƙusa da aikin da ya fi kyau, yana ƙusawa da shugabanci da kuma ƙusa da tattaunawa da ƙananan makirci. Yana riƙe da kyau na gani ba tare da kasancewa ba dole ba, wanda ba za a iya faɗi game da sauran manyan fina'ikan wasan kwaikwayo na shekaru goma da yawa da suka gabata ba. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="9" |2020 | rowspan="9" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo - Turanci|{{Won}} | rowspan="9" | |- |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Comedy|{{Nom}} |- |Mai yin fim mafi kyau|{{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Gyara|{{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Cinematography|{{Nom}} |- |Fim na Shekara|{{Nom}} |- |Daraktan Shekara|{{Nom}} |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} nel752tdh7x12e3836jpf4sxi9iulny 967718 967717 2026-10-14T23:53:22Z Salma Raddah 45959 967718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Sugar Rush fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka na Najeriya na 2019 wanda Jadesola Osiberu da Bunmi Ajakaiye suka rubuta, kuma Kayode Kasum ne ya ba da umarni. Tauraron fim din Adesua Etomi, Bisola Aiyeola da Bimbo Ademoye a cikin manyan matsayi.[1] Fim din ya fito ne a wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019 daidai da Kirsimeti kuma ya buɗe ga sake dubawa daga masu sukar.[2][3] Duk da sake dubawa, fim din ya zama nasarar ofishin jakadancin kuma ya zama Fim na huɗu mafi girma na Najeriya a kowane lokaci a cikin 202;, a cikin 2024 ya zama fim din Najeriya na goma sha ɗaya mafi girma a kowane lokac == Makirci == 'Yan uwan Sugar sun gano $ 800,000 a gidan wani mutum mai cin hanci da rashawa, Cif Douglas. A cikin 'yan kwanaki masu zuwa, sun fara kashe wasu kudaden ne kawai don saduwa da Waterloo lokacin da mafia ta zo neman hannun jari. Koyaya, labarin ya kai ga EFCC (Kwamitin Kula da Laifukan Tattalin Arziki da Kudi) inda suka ba da takardar izinin bincike ga 'yan'uwa mata Sugar, saboda ba su iya samun kuɗin ba. Ba tare da sanin 'yan'uwa mata ba, saurayin Sola, Andy ya sace sauran kuɗin. Yayin da 'yan'uwa mata ke ƙoƙarin dawo da kuɗin daga gare shi, sai ya rasa ransa a cikin tsari, kuma wani ya sace kuɗin. Gina, shugaban kungiyar 'yan ta'adda wanda ke neman kudi, ta aika da mutanenta don sace' yan uwan Sugar kuma ta tilasta musu su sace karin kudi daga "The White Lion", Anikulapo, wani sanannen mutum da aka sani da samun mafi yawan kadarorin Najeriya wanda shi ma tsohon mijin Gina ne. 'Yan uwan Sugar sun haɗu da wasu jami'an EFCC kuma sun sami nasarar sata kuɗin. Gina ta sadu da su a wani ɓoye kuma ta nemi kuɗin ta, inda ta sadu da shugaban EFCC, wanda a bayyane ya yarda ya kashe Cif Douglas saboda kuɗin ya kasance nasa. Anikulapo ya kama su kuma ya bukaci kudi. Abubuwa suna da zafi, kuma akwai harbi. Gina ta rasa rayuwarta a cikin tsari. Abin farin ciki 'yan'uwa mata Sugar da jami'an EFCC sun sami damar tserewa tare da kuɗin. Anikulapo ya kama su, ya ɗauki kuɗin, kuma ya bukaci a kashe su a cikin wuta, amma sun sami damar tserewa. Ya ƙare a wani wuri inda Anikulapo ya gano cewa kuɗin bai cika ba kuma karya ne, a wannan lokacin 'yan uwan Sugar sun ɓace. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Bimbo Ademoye]] a matsayin Bola Sugar * [[Bisola Aiyeola]] a matsayin Sola Sugar * Iya Rainbow a matsayin Rhoda Sugar * [[Adesua Etomi|Adesua Etomi-Wellington]] a matsayin Susie Sugar * [[Idowu Philips]] a matsayin Rhoda Sugar * [[Uzor Arukwe]] a matsayin Knight * [[Tobi Bakre]] a matsayin Andy * [[Mawuli Gavor]] a matsayin Dan * Jide Kosoko a matsayin Cif Douglas * [[Toke Makinwa]] a matsayin Gina * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Kpala * [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Mrs. Madueke * [[Banky W]] a matsayin Anikulapo, aka White Lion * Uchemba Williams a matsayin Obum * [[D'banj|D'Banj]] a matsayin kansa (bayyanar musamman) == Fitarwa == Babban hoton fim din da aka gudanar na kwanaki 14 a wurare daban-daban a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. == Ofishin akwatin == Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 40 a karshen mako na farko tun lokacin da aka saki Kirsimeti kuma ya zama fim na biyar mafi girma a Nollywood a shekarar 2019 tare da dala miliyan 58.76. Fim din ya shiga kulob din miliyan 100 a watan Janairun 2020. == Karɓar baƙi == Nollywood Reinvented ya kimanta fim din da kashi 51 cikin 100 <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2020 |title=Sugar Rush Movie Review |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2020/07/sugar-rush.html |access-date=2020-07-05 |website=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref> yana mai cewa fim din shine "wannan sabon tsarin nollywood a mafi ƙarfinsa: manyan kayan fasaha da sanannun shahararrun mutane da kuma wasan kwaikwayo daidai da blockbuster". Ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon da Bimbo Ademoye ya yi da kuma jagorancin Kayode Kasum amma ya kammala da cewa "Sugar Rush ya fi bayyana shi azaman nishaɗi mara hankali". A cikin bita, Nollywood Post ya ce "Sugar rush ya sami damar kama hankalin masu sauraron sa tun daga farko. Zaɓin da ya dace don farawa da yanayin azabtarwa. Nan da nan mutum yana son gano abin da ya haifar da taron kuma hakan yana da yabo. Ba wai kawai ya fara da kyau ba, amma jerin abubuwan ban dariya a cikin labarin suma suna da nishaɗi". Nishaɗi na Najeriya A yau ya ce "Sugar Rush ba cikakke ba ne amma kamar yadda fina-finai na wasan kwaikwayo ke tafiya, ya fi cikakkiyar kunshin fiye da duk sauran manyan fina-falla na ofishin wasan kwaikwayo da aka saki a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Tabbas yana ƙusa da aikin da ya fi kyau, yana ƙusawa da shugabanci da kuma ƙusa da tattaunawa da ƙananan makirci. Yana riƙe da kyau na gani ba tare da kasancewa ba dole ba, wanda ba za a iya faɗi game da sauran manyan fina'ikan wasan kwaikwayo na shekaru goma da yawa da suka gabata ba. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="9" |2020 | rowspan="9" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo - Turanci|{{Won}} | rowspan="9" | |- |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Comedy|{{Nom}} |- |Mai yin fim mafi kyau|{{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Gyara|{{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Cinematography|{{Nom}} |- |Fim na Shekara|{{Nom}} |- |Daraktan Shekara|{{Nom}} |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} dkag4frjh3k2p98ywdq4dga8lee7kg5 Madiha Kamel 0 71950 967747 566408 2026-10-15T02:03:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Madiha Kamel''' (Masar Larabci مديحه كامل; 3 ga Agusta, 1948 - 13 ga Janairu, 1997) 'yar wasan Masar ce. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-03 |title=Lesser-known Facts about Madiha Kamel on Her Birth Anniv. - Sada El balad |url=https://see.news/lesser-known-facts-about-madiha-kamel-on-her-birth-anniv/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928211044/https://see.news/lesser-known-facts-about-madiha-kamel-on-her-birth-anniv/ |archive-date=2022-09-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=Celebrating the birthday of late great Egyptian actress Madiha Kamel |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/90343/Celebrating-the-birthday-of-late-great-Egyptian-actress-Madiha-Kamel |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-03 |title=Google Doodle celebrates Egyptian actress Madiha Kamel’s birthday |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1534771/media |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Madiha Kamel a Alexandria . A shekara ta alif dari tara da sittin da uku 1963, a matsayin matashiya, iyalinta sun koma [[Kairo|Alkahira]]. Tare da mahaifiyarta, ta gabatar da kanta ga gasar samfurin. zaba ta kuma ta yi wasu nune-nunen kayan ado ga masu zanen kayan ado. == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:Madiha Kamel 1970s.jpg|thumb|Madiha Kamel]] Wani darektan, Ahmed Diaa Eddine, ya lura da ita, wanda ya karfafa ta ta zama 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. Ta yarda da daya daga cikin shawarwarinsa don rawar da ya taka kuma ta taka rawa a ''Fatat shaza'' (Abnormal Girl), wanda aka saki a 1964; ta yi wasan kwaikwayo da zane-zane na rediyo yayin da ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Ain Shams . taka wasu matsayi na biyu tare da wasu daraktoci, kuma tare da manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, kamar rawar da ta taka a fim din da aka fitar a 1974, ''Fi Saif Lazem Nihib'' (''[[In Summer We Must Love|A lokacin bazara Dole ne Mu soyayya]]''), tare da Salah Zulfikar . [1] Ta sami rawar farko daga baya, a cikin fim din da aka fitar a 1978, El-Soud ela al-hawia (Climbing to the Bottom), ta Kamal al-Sheikh, tare da Mahmoud Yassin a matsayin wani dan wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin wannan fim ɗin, tana taka rawar dan leben asirin Masar wanda ya ci amanar ƙasar ta. cikin talabijin, ta raba jagora tare da Salah Zulfikar a ''Intiqam Imra'a'' (A Woman's Revenge), wanda aka watsa a talabijin na Masar da Larabawa a karon farko a shekarar 1983.<ref>{{Citation |title=Series - A Woman's Revenge - 1983 Cast، Video، Trailer، photos، Reviews، Showtimes |url=https://elcinema.com/en/work/1525088 |language=en |access-date=2022-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-03 |title=Google célèbre les 73 ans de la Diva, Madiha Kamel |url=https://fr.hespress.com/87981-google-celebre-les-73-ans-de-lactrice-egyptienne-madiha-kamel.html |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Hespress Français |language=fr-FR}}</ref> A shekara ta 1993, a tsakiyar yin fim din ''Bawabat Iblîs'' (The Gates of Satan), an gano ta da ciwon nono. Ba tare da shiga cikin harbi na jerin fina-finai na ƙarshe ba, sai ta tafi kasashen waje don a yi mata aiki. An kula da ita amma ba ta warke gaba ɗaya ba, ta daina aikinta. Ta yanke shawarar sanya hijabi da yin [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] (haji zuwa Makka). A shekara ta 1996, an sake kwantar da ita a asibiti na tsawon watanni. mutu a gida a farkon shekara ta 1997.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |first=Angy |last=Essam |date=2019-08-03 |title=Google celebrates the 73rd birthday of the charming Kamel |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/73492/Google-celebrates-the-73rd-birthday-of-the-charming-Kamel |journal=Egypt Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-13 |title=Commemorating the death anniversary of the iconic Madiha Kamel |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/79592/Commemorating-the-death-anniversary-of-the-iconic-Madiha-Kamel |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref> == Fina-finan da aka zaɓa == === Fim din === * 1964- ''Fatat shaza (Yarinya mai banƙyama) '' * 1966- ''30 Yom Fel Segn'' (''Kwanaki 30 a kurkuku'') * 1970- ''Dalâl al-massriyyah (Dalal, Masarawa) '' * Al Sokkareya (1973) * 1974- ''Fi Saif Lazem Nihib'' (''[[In Summer We Must Love|A lokacin bazara Dole ne Mu soyayya]]'') * 1977- ''[[The Hyena's Sun|Rana ta Hyena]]'' * 1978- ''El-Soud ela al-hawia (Hawan zuwa Ƙasa) '' * 1980- ''<nowiki/>'Adkiyaa lakim Aghbiya (Mai Hikima amma Wauta) '' * 1981- ''<nowiki/>'Ouyoun lâ tanâm (Ido da yawa sun farka) '' * 1983- ''Darb al-hawâ (Hanyar soyayya) '' * ''1984- Banât Iblîs (Ya'yan Shaidan),'' * 1985- ''Malaff fî-l-âdâb'' (An yi rajista tare da 'yan sanda na ɗabi'a) * 1986- Lâ taudam-mirn ma'ak (Kada ku hallaka ni tare da kai) * 1988- ''al-Foulous wa-l-wouhouch'' (Kuɗi da Monsters) * 1989- ''al-'Agouz wa-l-baltaguî'' (Tsohon Mutum da Rogue) * 1990- ''El-Arafeet'' (The Devils) * 1990- ''Chawader'' (Shawadir) * 1990- Al-Soqout (The Downfall) [[The Downfall (1990 film)|''Al-Soqout'' (Rashin)]] * 1993- ''Bawabat Iblees'' (The Gates of Satan) === Talabijin === * 1983- ''Intiqam Imra'a'' (''Ramuwar gayya ta mace'') === Gidan wasan kwaikwayo === * 1969- ''Hallo Shalaby'' (Hello Shalabi) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} <references responsive="1"></references> == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|id=0436526}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1997]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1948]] 08201uj3ruoordbz0iqren73t60xf2e Bhagat Singh 0 79021 967796 961110 2026-10-15T08:53:11Z Nura Bello 24854 967796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bhagat Singh''' (28 Satumba 1907 – 23 Maris 1931) shine mahaifin farko na jama'ar jiharar Indiya da ke hana daukar hukunci. Ya samu kwarjiniyar yin kisan kai na 'yan sanda ta kasa da karanci a farkon disamba 1928 a wani bangarori na gareshi na Biritaniya a Lahore, Punjab, daga inda yake jihar Indiya na kasa, a matsayin bautarwa ga dakin lalata rayuwar 'yan takara. Ya kuma samu matsayin ya dauki hannun jami'ar tafkin jami'ar la'in na lejilishi kanawa a Delhi da yake jihar Indiya a watan Mayu 1929 da kwana a gida, wanda—da rai daya samun yabo daga abubuwan da aka zage a jaridar Indiya—yayi shi mahaifin jama'a a jihar Punjab, sannan bayan gudanar da shi a farko a wani cikakken 'yanci a arewacin Indiya bayan ya yi fuska a 23, da kuma gajeru ne a matsayin rai da jinjirori a tsakiyar yankin.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150930144658/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Bhagat-Singhs-sister-passes-away-on-his-107th-birthday/articleshow/43811962.cms?from=mdr</ref> Bayan da ya fara hana sabon noma, Bhagat Singh da mai sharhiyar shi Shivaram Rajguru, daga jama'a mai yawa da tsawa, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), suka gudanar da wani al'amarin na ta kasa da gareshi na Biritaniya, John Saunders, a Lahore, Punjab (yanzu a yau a Pakistan). Suna jajirce wa Scott ta samun wani hukumar lalata na lalata a gare sahabbur Rai, wanda ya amfani da shi da cikas ta fasa. Tun daga da yana haifar da makwafin saboda kasa a kan motor mai tsawo daga kananan jami'ar tafkin, ya kai wasu baki daya na lalata da su Rajguru, wanda ke da hankali. A zamaninsa da ya haife, yana kira da Rajguru a kananan hankali, da mahaifinsa mahaifin da aka zubawa ya daina saura kananan jami'ar tafkin da hukumar tafkin jami'ar tafkin, yayin da yake ganin kai kasa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150930144435/http://www.britannica.com/biography/Bhagat-Singh</ref> Bayan da ya haife, Bhagat Singh da 'yan sanda sun amfana da sunan suna nuni da mutum a matsayin daukar doki ga lalata Rayuwa da suka gane tafarkin Rai, sai kuma su yi jagoranci na haifeshi da mambobin da suka yabo don gaba daya ta iya ta yi jana'izarwa, su kuma suna ciniki da abubuwan da za su gane da kai a ganewa ta jami'ar tafkin. Sakamakon hakan, ya yi ilimi ga yanayin gano da matakan lalata mai tsawo a kananan hankali na John Saunders. A matsayin al'amarin, Bhagat Singh ya sami yabo daga jama'a bayan ya kira shahararran rayuwar Jatin Das a fada da gudun kasa mai tsawo ga jami'ar tafkin.<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/five-things-bhagat-singh-8960368/</ref> A wannan lokacin, Bhagat Singh ya sami hukumar da ya kasa na yin abubuwan da suka bayyana cewa ya tsinke hana John Saunders da Channan Singh, sannan ya haife a watan Maris 1931, a farko a yawan shekara goma sha uku. Ya zama mahaifin da aka kuma tserewa bayan a yanzu. Jawaharlal Nehru ya rubuta game da shi: "Bhagat Singh ba ya samu yabo kuma da sabon noma don harsashi da kuma abin da ya kasance da kayayyakin Lala Lajpat Rai, da kuma baya harsashi. Ya kasance wani al'ada; abin ya sha, al'ada tazo, sannan da ma baki daya mai yawa da gari da kasa na Punjab, da kuma yawan harsashi a hagu ta arewacin Indiya."<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/india/looking-for-bhagat-singh-9079616/</ref> [[Fayil:Shaheed Bhagat Singh. Rewalsar, Himachal Pradesh.jpg|thumb|Bhagat Singh]] Bhagat Singh da halitta da na son tsirarar duniya da nasara a farko, ya samu yabo daga wasu wanda ke cikin addini, daga na kowa zuwa kowanne a matsayin 'yan kasa da taurin sauran gari a Indiya. Kasancewar sa na shaheed-e-azam ("Mahaifin da ke cikin harshe" a Harshen Urdu da Punjabi) ya fito daga kwarjin halin rayuwar, hana kasa mai daukar hukunci, da kuma kwararren tsohon kasar da ke hana baiwa da gudun kasa. == Rayuwar Farko == Bhagat Singh ya yi kira a tsakiyar Punjabi Sikh a ranar 27 ga watan September Shekarar 1907 a birnin Banga a jihar Punjab, inda aka rika jihar ta Rausa ta Kudu a nahiyar Lyallpur na Punjab a cikin lokaci na kasar Birtaniya kuma yanzu haka a Najeriya; shi ne da ya baiwa wata sarki guda biyu—mata uku da mazaje uku—an gwiwar Vidyavati da bawan jininsa Kishan Singh Sandhu.Abin da ya sa Bhagat Singh ya yi aiki da kowa kuma ya yi tallafin wajen siyasa, wanda ya samu a cikin kwararren jihar a kan Biliyan Canale a shekarar 1907, kuma bayan haka a kan Tsaro na Ghadar na 1914–1915.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F73519</ref> Ranar da ya zo da yarinyar Sardaunan (mahaifin) Punjab (kamfanin dama), ta gabatar da 'yan shekara a kofar gidan biyu a Punjab (1930) Bayan an dawo shi cikin makarantar makaranta a Banga domin minti biyu, Bhagat Singh ya kai daurewar Makarantar Dayanand Anglo-Vedic a Lahore. A shekara ta 1923, ya shiga Makarantar Jami'in Tsaro a Lahore, wanda aka gabatar da biyu baya kadan a shekarun baya da Lala Lajpat Rai a sake gabatarwa ga harkokin kare hakkin rayuwar Indiya, wanda ya yi gaskiya game da ci gaban koyarwa da makarantar da aka samu a baiwa ta Harshen Turai ta Indiya.<ref>https://m.economictimes.com/news/new-updates/remembering-bhagat-singh-here-are-some-least-known-things-about-the-indian-revolutionary/articleshow/104008560.cms</ref> Ranar da ya amsa mataki a fadar gefenta Kungiyar ke cikin wasu waɗannan 'yan wasan, kuma a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu, 1927, An gabatar da Bhagat Singh cikin wani kama da aka yi a Lahaur da suka jera shi da yin irin ta adalci da aka yi a Lahaur a watan Oktoba na 1926. Ya sake yin gudun mahaifiyar Rs. 60,000 guda biyar bayan ya jera shi.Ya rubuta, da kuma yin tsara, abubuwa a Jarida na Urdu da Punjabi, an gabatar da a Amritsar kuma ya samu damar zuwa da amfani dashi daga kuma zuwa maras lafiyar gargajiya da ake samu daga Naujawan Bharat Sabha wanda ke canza Algaan Britaniya. Shi kuma ya rubuta ga Kirti, jaridun Kirti Kisan Party ("Arewacin Kungiyar Mazan da Fata"). Ya kuma rubuta wa Jaridar Da Musulinci Veer Arjun, wanda ya gabatar a Delhi. Shugaban ya yi amfani da sunadaran tare da kamaru kamaru, cikin su suna Balwant, Ranjit da Vidhrohi. == Ayyukan juyin juya hali == Here is the summary translated into Hausa: Ƙarancin John Saunders A shekarar 1928, gidauniyar Birtaniya ta zama Bayanin Simon don sanar da hali na siyasa a Indiya. Wasu jama'a na siyasa a Indiya sun halaka gidauniyar domin bai samu wani Indiyan a cikin jama'ar, da kuma akwai wahalhalin daga dukkan wuraren kasar. Lokacin da gidauniyar ta ziyarci Lahore a 30 ga watan Oktoba 1928, Lala Lajpat Rai ya yi haɗin ganin ziyarar don nuna fasaha akan ita. Matsalolin tsaro da ke tsakanin baya suka kai wasu matsayin yiwa. Maikarar manema jami'in, James A. Scott, ya amfana mataki don amsa matsayin ganin Rai, wanda ya kasance aikin da aka samu taimako. Rai ya mutu daga tsakar zuci a 17 ga watan Nuwamba 1928. Dokarai suna bayyana cewa rashin lafiyarsa zai iya tabbatar da cewa wani damuwa ya sami. Lokacin da wani ya sa a Parliament na Birtaniya, Gidauniyar Birtaniya ta ce ba ta da wata aikin a matsayin damuwa da rashin lafiya ta Rai. Singh yana da kyakyawar jama'a a cikin Jami'ar Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) kuma yana da shirin hana suna da ita a cikin Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) a 1928.HSRA ta nuna nufin yanke matsalolin Rai.Singh ya samar da yanayin da zai dace a halicciya kamar su Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, da Chandrashekhar Azad don zubar da Scott. Duk da haka, a matsayin gaskiya, mutanen daya daga cikin mutane sun kama John P. Saunders, wanda shi ne Gwamnatin na Karamar Hukumar, bayan da ya koma Wuraren Karamar Hukumar a Lahore a 17 ga watan Disamba 1928.<ref>https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Singh#CITEREFSanyalYadavSinghSingh2006</ref> [[Fayil:Bhagat Singh.png|thumb|Bhagat Singh]] HSRA ya bayyana bayan tarihin an sauƙa wa Saundars, da aka rika sunan Balraj, sunan Chandrashekhar Azad. An sami ra'ayin da aka yi matakan kasar da ba a samar da halin da ya kawo bayyani ba. Naujawan Bharat Sabha, wanda ya tattauna ziyara na Lahore tare da HSRA, ya gano cewa matasa sun kasa samun wani maganar da aka tsallaka. Jami'ar siyasa, masu zanga-zangarwa, da manema, kamar yadda Rai ya dauki tsakiya a 1925, suka rubuta cewa bai jin halin rashin jinna da gagarumar aikin ba ne. Murza Magandhi, mai taron kungiyar Congress, ya nuna cewa: Bhagat Singh bai da matsala ba saboda yin aikin harabai amma saboda yadda ya dubi jikansa, mai tsawo da gaskiya da juna. Ya janyo al'umma, wani al'umma mai tsawo, da haka yafi girma rashin jinna Lala Lajpat Rai, da kuma ita ta rayuwa. Ya janyo alamar, wata rana kuma dukkan biranen da ke daga cikin Kudu da Daura na Punjab, kamar yadda ba a cikin hanyar waje ba a Arewa Kasar Indiya, suna sake jin komai daga sunansa. An kasance sunan da kuma shine kwararrun da mutum ya sami mai jin kai da shi ne wanda ya samu shine wani abu mai ƙaunar aminci.[31] Ƙarancin Channan Singh Bayan da suka dauki Saundars, gurbin saura da suka ƙoƙarin haka, Channan Singh, mai kula daikar da ya kira su, ya mutu a lokacin Chandrashekhar Azad. Bayan da suka koma a ɗakunan al'umma, suka koma da daga cikin motocin waya zuwa birniya mai hakuri. Ƙungiyar kula da matsaloli ta haukatar daukan su, ya kama duk wadannan baya ga su, jami'in takardun tattalin arzikin (CID) zai zama ne a duk inda mutane suka fito daga Lahore. A ɗan lokacin daga cikin wadanda suka kama ga rana biyar suna soke. A 19 ga watan Disamba 1928, Sukhdev ya dubi Durgawati Devi, da yake bayyana kamar Durga Bhabhi, matar wani ma'aikacin HSRA, Bhagwati Charan Vohra, don taimaka, wanda ya amince da hakan. Sunyi ƙoƙarin dakile ɗakunan da ke daga Lahore zuwa Bathinda tare da hankali a rana na gobe. Hawashin daga Lahore Bhagat Singh da Rajguru, kuma da suka ɓoye bindiga, suka bar su a rana na gobe.[33] Kowane ne mai daga cikin wani tsarin (Bhagat Singh ya ba da maganin tuyar da shi yake kiyasta ne a kuma cutar baki a cikin takardun da suka dawo daga Lahore). A cikin ɗan karamin lokaci, Rajguru ya baro da baya ga Banaris yayin da Singh, Devi da zube daga Howrah, da dukkan su kuma Singh ya dawo daga Lahore biyar rana bayan nan.<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bhagat-singh-birth-anniversary-15-least-known-things-about-indian-revolutionary/articleshow/103987039.cms</ref> Bambantarwa da Kasar Delhi da kamfani Wani lokaci, Bhagat Singh ya fi bayyana uwar gajerun da ya ke da taurari a cikin kasashen da suka fada yake don zama wata mai ɗan'antarwa a yin haihuwar Birtaniya, a guje, m magoya ba da daga farko don ka soke da hikima wanda suka zama matakin, wata masana'antar da yake da magoya yawa da wanda aka gano a Paris, Design na Singh ya shiga don sata wa m a shirin Assembly ta cikin gida mai taro gaban mai aikin, da a cikin a daga hoto, kuma daga laka suna zira shara gobe, a cikin hoto na aikin da za su tasheshi don samar da hikima wanda suka amince da ci gaba wanda suka ke yaki.<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-bhagat-singh-endures-even-for-the-misguided-101702578862139.html</ref> Jami'ar jama'a na HSRA don bai bawa jari na bai laluba a kuma ba wanda zai sa wani an tara ga su don suka ke cika da shi a rikicin hikima kamar yadda suke so, a cikin a na laluba kuma a cikin ake kuma a daga don kuɗi na sake yaki masu hikima. Maha Gandhi ya sani cewa sai yawa aikin da hikima wanda a jiye daga tufafi irin mako da ke wankan sa yake ci gaba da mazaunin hukunci.Singh da Dutt sun fada mafarki da hakikanin matsala kan iya gaba da laifin kwamitin da ya faru a farkon biyar na Mayuwa na Mayu. daga karvar da ya dace ya yi don Asafa Ali, tun lokacin da Singh ya yi mai bangarori.Sharudda na da sauya ya kara bayyana cewa zai rike matukar na mai wakiltu. Ga wani muhalli na farko na June, har haka su kamar shida a kuma bakin kawo shaida, sannan kuma alamu mai amfani a nan. Har yanzu, daganan, hukumar ta iya ziyarci a jihar Punjab, wani hukumomin na tare da sana'a, wanda ya sa labarai na sanar da irin sauren zamantakewa don zuwa wasu yankunan da za su rike mutane.<ref>https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/the-legend-of-bhagat-singh-how-he-spent-his-last-months-in-jail/659172</ref> Bayan ƙarƙashin da ya yi a 1929, zuwa farko, Bzbs ne aiki da Wurin Bzbs da ya sake biyo bayan sa. A watan Disambar 1929, gareta na haihuwa da karɓar da ke nahiyar dake cikin kasashen Birtaniya sun kasance a jiya. 1930 da na bin tsohon lokacin da ya ke a dakin Gwamnati ya kuma yiwuwa kuma kuma. alkawarin Musa na haifar da mafi al ade w evensaboda yawan aminci da wani ɗabi'a don siyasar gwamnati, wanda ake bukata. Har ila yau, tsohuwar littafin tsohuwar kasa daga British a zuciyar cewa tsohon zaman lauyar launi sun zama wanda yake nuna hoto ga jam'iyyar. wadda ya ce sun ƙara wa waɗanda basu da damar siyasar gwamnati da mamba da wanda ya bada laifin tsohon zamani ba. == Shahararren == [[Fayil:Bhagat Singh's execution Lahore Tribune Front page.jpg|thumb]] Subhas Chandra Bose ya ce: "Bhagat Singh ya yi alƙawarin ƙasa mai tsawo mazaunin fasaha." Nehru ya ɗauki hankalin cewa rashin kyauta da Bhagat Singh ya yi ya dace da alƙawarinta ta hanyar cewa: "Shi ne mace mai kasa da ya jefa 'yancin sa a hanyar kwance-kwance ... shi ne kamar kuma wani zirga wanda ya kasance zata gudu a lokacin yawan al'umma daga kasa zuwa kasa ya kare ga iri daga cikin birnin da kuma yake lantarki duk wani zaman". Rabi'u biyar bayan da kashe-gidan Bhagat Singh, Mahaifar Nukiliyar Masu Amfani, Sir Horace Williamson, ya rubuta: "Hoton shi a gida da kuma birnin na biyu a kowace birnin da kowane lokaci ya tsinka kuma ya tabbata wani lokaci wanda ya iya da ƙwararrun kyauta a gaba da haka wanda shi ne ma'aikaciyar Bana Gandhi mai daidai". == Littattafai == *{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=[[Why I Am an Atheist]] |date=27 September 1931 |publisher=[[National Book Trust]] |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-1-983124-92-1 |language=en}} *{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=Bhagat Singh : ideas on freedom, liberty and revolution : Jail notes of a revolutionary |date=2007 |publisher=Hope India |location=Gurgaon |isbn=9788178710563 |oclc=506510146 |ref=none}} *{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |last2=Press |first2=General |title=Jail Diary and Other Writings |date=31 December 2019 |publisher=GENERAL PRESS |isbn=978-93-89716-06-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JV7HDwAAQBAJ |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=Ideas of a Nation: Singh, Bhagat |date=28 January 2010 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-81-8475-191-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_Miirb-hsMC |language=en}} *{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |last2=Press |first2=General |title=No Hanging, Please Shoot Us |date=2 October 2019 |publisher=GENERAL PRESS |isbn=978-93-89440-70-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3X2zDwAAQBAJ |language=en |access-date=6 June 2024 |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518114237/https://books.google.com/books?id=3x2zDwAAQBAJ |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=The Complete Writings of Bhagat Singh : Why I am an Atheist, The Red Pamphlet, Introduction to Dreamland, Letter to Jaidev Gupta ... and other works. |date=2020 |publisher=DXBooks |location=Chicago |isbn=9782291088691 |oclc=1153081094 |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1153081094}} *{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=Selected works of Bhagat Singh |url=https://archive.org/details/selectedworksofb0000bhag |date=2009 |publisher=Big Red Oak |isbn=978-1-4495-5861-1}} *{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=Śahīda Bhagata Siṃha : dastāvejoṃ ke āine meṃ |date=2007 |publisher=Prakāśana Vibhāga, Sūcanā aura Prasāraṇa Mantrālaya, Bhārata Sarakāra |location=Naī Dillī |isbn=9788123014845 |oclc=429632571 |ref=none}} *{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=Letter to my Father |date=15 August 2019 |publisher=Sristhi Publishers & Distributors |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1EawDwAAQBAJ |language=en}} *{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=Bhagatasiṃha ke rājanītika dastāveja |year=2008 |publisher=National Book Trust |isbn=978-81-237-5109-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9coVqeEebeIC |language=hi}} *{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=Bhagat Singh ke siyāsī dastāvez |year=2010 |publisher=National Book Trust, India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EYjQxQEACAAJ |language=ur}} == Ayyukan da aka ambata da kuma bibliography == {{Refbegin|colwidth=40em}} * {{citation |last1=Bakshi |first1=S.R. |last2=Gajrani |first2=S. |last3=Singh |first3=Hari |title=Early Aryans to Swaraj |volume=10: Modern India |publisher=Sarup & Sons |location=New Delhi |year=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7fXK3DiuJ5oC |isbn=978-8176255370 }} * {{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Vishwanath |year=2008 |title=Gandhi and Bhagat Singh |publisher=Rupa & Co. |isbn=978-81-291-1367-2 }} * {{citation|last=Gaur|first=I.D.|title=Martyr as Bridegroom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PC4C3KcgCv0C|year=2008|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-1-84331-348-9}} * {{citation|last=Grewal|first=J.S.|title=The Sikhs of the Punjab|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_nryFANsoYC|year=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-63764-0}} * {{citation |last=Gupta|first=Amit Kumar |title=Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897–1938 |journal=Social Scientist |volume=25 |issue=9/10 |date=September–October 1997 |pages=3–27 |jstor=3517678|doi=10.2307/3517678 }} {{subscription required}} * {{Cite book|last2=Singh|first2=Bhagat|last1=Habib|first1=Irfan S.|author-link1=Irfan Habib|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoIMAQAAMAAJ|year=2007|title=To make the deaf hear: ideology and programme of Bhagat Singh and his comrades|publisher=Three Essays Collective|isbn=978-81-88789-56-6}} * {{cite book|last1=MacLean|first1=Kama|title=A revolutionary history of interwar India : violence, image, voice and text|url=https://archive.org/details/revolutionaryhis0000macl|date=2015|publisher=OUP|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-021715-0}} * {{citation|last1=Maclean|first1=Kama|last2=Elam|first2=J. David|title=Revolutionary Lives in South Asia: Acts and Afterlives of Anticolonial Political Action|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TnSFCwAAQBAJ|year=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-63712-7}} * {{citation|last=Moffat|first=Chris|editor1-first=Kama|editor1-last=Maclean|editor2-first=J. David|editor2-last=Elam|title=Revolutionary Lives in South Asia: Acts and Afterlives of Anticolonial Political Action|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TnSFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|year=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-63712-7|pages=73–89|chapter=Experiments in political truth}} * {{cite book |title=Changing Homelands |first=Neeti |last=Nair |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-674-05779-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o-NoCp9Lc24C }} * {{citation |title=Bhagat Singh as 'Satyagrahi': The Limits to Non-violence in Late Colonial India |journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]] |date=May 2009 |first=Neeti |last=Nair |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=649–681 |jstor=20488099 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X08003491 |s2cid=143725577 }} * {{citation |last=Nayar |first=Kuldip |author-link=Kuldip Nayar |year=2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC |title=The Martyr Bhagat Singh: Experiments in Revolution |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-0700-3 }} * {{cite book |last=Noorani |first=Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed |title=The Trial of Bhagat Singh: Politics of Justice |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |orig-year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-579667-4}} * {{citation |last=Rana |first=Bhawan Singh |year=2005a |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEwJQ6_eTEUC |title=Bhagat Singh |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. |isbn=978-81-288-0827-2 }} * {{citation |last=Rana |first=Bhawan Singh |year=2005b |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sudu7qABntcC |title=Chandra Shekhar Azad (An Immortal Revolutionary of India) |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. |isbn=978-81-288-0816-6 }} * {{cite book|last1=Sharma|first1=Shalini|title=Radical Politics in Colonial Punjab: Governance and Sedition|date=2010|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-415-45688-3}} * {{citation |last2=Hooja |first2=Bhupendra |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC |title=The Jail Notebook and Other Writings |publisher=LeftWord Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-87496-72-4 }} * {{citation |title=Review article |journal=Journal of Punjab Studies |date=Fall 2007 |first=Pritam |last=Singh |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=297–326 |access-date=8 October 2013 |url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal_14_2/review_article.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001140644/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal_14_2/review_article.pdf |archive-date=1 October 2015 }} * {{cite book |last2=Singh |first2=Trilochan |last1=Singh |first1=Randhir |author-link1=Randhir Singh (Sikh) |title=Autobiography of Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh: freedom fighter, reformer, theologian, saint and hero of Lahore conspiracy case, first prisoner of Gurdwara reform movement |publisher=Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh Trust |year=1993}} * {{citation|last=Tickell|first=Alex|title=Terrorism, Insurgency and Indian-English Literature, 1830–1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wJhD6My4tR0C|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-61840-6}} * {{cite book|last1=Waraich|first1=Malwinder Jit Singh|title=Bhagat Singh: The Eternal Rebel|date=2007|publisher=Publications Division|location=Delhi|isbn=978-8123014814}} * {{cite book |last2=Sidhu |first2=Gurdev Dingh |last1=Waraich |first1=Malwinder Jit Singh |title=The hanging of Bhagat Singh : complete judgement and other documents |url=https://archive.org/details/hangingofbhagats0000unse |publisher=Unistar |location=Chandigarh |year=2005}} {{Refend}} === ambato === <ref name=Adams>{{citation |url=http://raforum.info/article.php3?id_article=3225&lang=en |first=Jason |last=Adams |title=Asian Anarchism: China, Korea, Japan & India |publisher=Raforum.info |year=2005 |access-date=28 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001143403/http://raforum.info/article.php3?id_article=3225&lang=en|archive-date=1 October 2015}}</ref> <ref name=Dam>{{citation 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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001142717/http://indialawjournal.com/volume1/issue_3/bhagat_singh.html|archive-date=1 October 2015}}</ref> <ref name=Lal>{{citation |last=Lal |first=Chaman |title=April 8, 1929: A Day to Remember |date=11 April 2009 |url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article1283.html |work=Mainstream |access-date=14 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001142556/http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article1283.html|archive-date=1 October 2015}}</ref> <ref name=Mittal>{{citation |last1=Mittal|first1=S.K. |last2 = Habib|first2=Irfan |title=The Congress and the Revolutionaries in the 1920s |author-link2=Irfan Habib |journal=Social Scientist |volume=10 |issue=6 |date=June 1982 |pages=20–37 |jstor=3517065|doi=10.2307/3517065 }} {{subscription required}}</ref> <ref name=Pinney>{{citation |last=Pinney |first=Christopher |year=2004 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8hhXq7hpzSwC |title='Photos of the Gods': The Printed Image And Political Struggle in India |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-184-6|pages=117, 124–126}}</ref> <ref name=Rao1997>{{citation |last=Rao |first=Niraja |date=April 1997 |title=Bhagat Singh and the Revolutionary Movement |journal=Revolutionary Democracy |volume=3 |issue=1 |access-date=18 November 2011|url=http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv3n1/bsingh.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001141654/http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv3n1/bsingh.htm|archive-date=1 October 2015}}</ref> <ref name=s380>{{citation |title=Punjab Reconsidered: History, Culture, and Practice |editor1-first=Anshu |editor1-last=Malhotra |editor2-first=Farina |editor2-last=Mir |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-807801-2 |chapter=Bhagat Singh: A Politics of Death and Hope |first=Simona |last=Sawhney |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198078012.003.0054 |publisher=Oxford University Press|page=380}}</ref> <ref name=Vaidya>{{citation |title=Historical Analysis: Of means and ends |journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |date=27 April 2001 |first=Paresh R. |last=Vaidya |volume=18 |issue=8|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1808/18080910.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829191713/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1808/18080910.htm |archive-date=29 August 2007 |access-date=9 October 2013}}</ref> }} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{Sister project links|d=Q377808|c=category:Bhagat Singh|s=author:Bhagat Singh|n=no|b=no|wikt=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no}} * [http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/ Bhagat Singh biography, and letters written by Bhagat Singh] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131020032511/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?208908 His Violence Wasn't Just About Killing], ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' * [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110508/edit.htm#1 The indomitable courage and sacrifice of Bhagat Singh and his comrades will continue to inspire people], ''[[Tribune India|The Tribune]]'' * [https://www.thequint.com/news/world/pakistans-bhagat-singh-tracing-the-martyrs-footsteps-in-lahore Tracing the Martyr's Footsteps in Lahore], ''[[The Quint]]'' == Manazarta == {{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Bhagat}} [[Category:Indian anarchists]] hctzsaqxvxzmswbdd01g7wtxzmxh8gu Sabuntawa 0 81181 967623 934106 2026-10-14T19:35:53Z Galadanchi123 50022 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380174433|Innovation]]" 967623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Blockquote|Innovation is production or adoption, assimilation, and exploitation of a value-added novelty in economic and social spheres; renewal and enlargement of products, services, and markets; development of new methods of production; and the establishment of new management systems. It is both a process and an outcome.}}{{Blockquote|Workplace creativity concerns the cognitive and behavioral processes applied when attempting to generate novel ideas. Workplace innovation concerns the processes applied when attempting to implement new ideas. Specifically, innovation involves some combination of problem/opportunity identification, the introduction, adoption or modification of new ideas germane to organizational needs, the promotion of these ideas, and the practical implementation of these ideas.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hughes |first1=David J. |last2=Lee |first2=Allan |last3=Tian |first3=Amy Wei |last4=Newman |first4=Alex |last5=Legood |first5=Alison |title=Leadership, creativity, and innovation: A critical review and practical recommendations |journal=The Leadership Quarterly |date=October 2018 |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=549–569 |doi=10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.03.001 |hdl=10871/32289 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>}} [[File:Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg|thumb|[[Thomas Edison]] tare da phonograph a ƙarshen shekarun 1870. Edison, daya daga cikin masu kirkiro mafi yawa a tarihi, ya sami takardun shaida na Amurka 1,093 a cikin sunansa.]] Innovation shine aiwatar da ra'ayoyi da ke haifar da ƙirƙirar ko inganta kayayyaki ko ayyuka. ISO TC 279 a cikin daidaitattun ISO 56000:2020 ya bayyana kirkire-kirkire a matsayin "sabon ko canzawa, fahimtar ko sake rarraba darajar".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=ISO 56000:2020(en)Innovation management — Fundamentals and vocabulary |url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:56000:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617031837/https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:56000:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.1 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=ISO}}</ref> Sauran suna ba da ma'anoni daban-daban; mafi yawansu suna mai da hankali kan sabon abu, ingantawa, da yaduwar ra'ayoyi ko fasaha (duba yaduwar kirkire-kirkire). Sau da yawa kirkire-kirkire suna faruwa ta hanyar ci gaban samfuran da suka fi tasiri, matakai, ayyuka, [[Fasaha|fasahar]], Ayyukan fasaha ko samfuran kasuwanci waɗanda '''masu kirkiro''' ke samarwa ga kasuwanni, [[Gwamnati|gwamnatoci]], da [[al'umma]]. Innovation yana da alaƙa da, amma ba daidai ba ne da, kirkirar: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Kim |date=2 April 2012 |title=This Is The Difference Between 'Invention' And 'Innovation' |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/this-is-the-difference-between-invention-and-innovation-2012-4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509155351/https://www.businessinsider.com/this-is-the-difference-between-invention-and-innovation-2012-4 |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2016 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> kirkirar ta fi dacewa da aiwatar da wani kirkirar (watau sabon / ingantaccen ikon) don yin tasiri mai ma'ana a kasuwa ko a cikin al'umma. Ba duk sababbin abubuwa suna buƙatar sabon kirkirar ba. Jamshed Bharucha ya bayyana don sanya sabon abu a matsayin muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsara Shugabannin. Sabuntawa ta fasaha sau da yawa tana bayyana kanta ta hanyar aikin [[Injinia.|injiniya]] lokacin da matsalar da ake warwarewa ta fasaha ce ko ta kimiyya. Sabanin sababbin abubuwa shine ''exnovation''. == Ma'anar == Binciken wallafe-wallafen kan kirkire-kirkire sun sami ma'anoni daban-daban. A cikin 2009, Baregheh et al. sun sami kusan ma'anoni 60 a cikin takardun kimiyya daban-daban, yayin da binciken 2014 ya sami sama da 40.[1] Dangane da binciken da suka yi, Baragheh et al. sun yi ƙoƙari su tsara ma'anar fannoni da yawa kuma sun isa ga masu zuwa: A binciken yadda Masana'antar software ke la'akari da kirkire-kirkire, ma'anar da Crossan da Apaydin suka bayar an dauke ta mafi cikakke. Crossan da Apaydin sun gina a kan ma'anar da aka bayar a cikin Kungiyar hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaba (OECD) Oslo Manual: <ref name="Henry2013">{{Cite journal |last=Edison |first=Henry |last2=bin Ali |first2=Nauman |last3=Torkar |first3=Richard |date=May 2013 |title=Towards innovation measurement in the software industry |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5690 |journal=Journal of Systems and Software |volume=86 |issue=5 |pages=1390–1407 |doi=10.1016/j.jss.2013.01.013}}</ref> cikin{{Blockquote|Innovation is production or adoption, assimilation, and exploitation of a value-added novelty in economic and social spheres; renewal and enlargement of products, services, and markets; development of new methods of production; and the establishment of new management systems. It is both a process and an outcome.}} Masanin ilimin zamantakewa na Amurka Everett Rogers, ya bayyana shi kamar haka:<blockquote>"Tunanin, aiki, ko abu wanda mutum ko wani sashi na tallafi ya ɗauka sabo ne" </blockquote>A cewar Alan Altshuler da Robert D. Behn, sababbin abubuwa sun haɗa da kirkirar asali da amfani mai ban sha'awa. Wadannan marubutan sun bayyana kirkire-kirkire a matsayin tsara, shigarwa da cika sabbin ra'ayoyi, samfuran, ayyuka da matakai. Manyan fannoni biyu na kirkire-kirkire sune digiri na sabon abu (watau ko sabon abu ne ga kamfanin, sabon abu ga kasuwa, sabon abu ne zuwa masana'antu, ko sabon abu ga duniya) da kuma irin kirkire-karya (watau idan tsari ne ko tsarin samar da sabis). <ref name="Henry2013" /> Masu bincike na ƙungiyoyi sun kuma bambanta sababbin abubuwa daban daga kerawa, ta hanyar samar da ma'anar sabuntawa game da waɗannan gine-gine guda biyu masu alaƙa: {{Blockquote|Workplace creativity concerns the cognitive and behavioral processes applied when attempting to generate novel ideas. Workplace innovation concerns the processes applied when attempting to implement new ideas. Specifically, innovation involves some combination of problem/opportunity identification, the introduction, adoption or modification of new ideas germane to organizational needs, the promotion of these ideas, and the practical implementation of these ideas.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hughes |first1=David J. |last2=Lee |first2=Allan |last3=Tian |first3=Amy Wei |last4=Newman |first4=Alex |last5=Legood |first5=Alison |title=Leadership, creativity, and innovation: A critical review and practical recommendations |journal=The Leadership Quarterly |date=October 2018 |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=549–569 |doi=10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.03.001 |hdl=10871/32289 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>}} Peter Drucker ya rubuta cewa: {{Blockquote|Innovation is the specific function of entrepreneurship, whether in an existing business, a public service institution, or a new venture started by a lone individual in the family kitchen. It is the means by which the entrepreneur either creates new wealth-producing resources or endows existing resources with enhanced potential for creating wealth.<ref name="Drucker">{{cite journal |title=The Discipline of Innovation |journal=[[Harvard Business Review]] |url= http://hbr.org/2002/08/the-discipline-of-innovation/ar/1 |date=August 2002 |access-date=13 October 2013|last1=Drucker |first1=Peter F. }}</ref>}} === Kwarewa da kirkire-kirkire === Gabaɗaya, an bambanta kirkire-kirkire daga ƙwarewa ta hanyar jaddada aiwatar da ra'ayoyin kirkirar a cikin yanayin tattalin arziki. Amabile da Pratt a cikin 2016, suna amfani da wallafe-wallafen, sun bambanta tsakanin kerawa ("samar da sababbin ra'ayoyi masu amfani da mutum ko ƙaramin rukuni na mutane da ke aiki tare") da kirkire-kirkire ("nasara aiwatar da ra'ayoyin kirkira a cikin ƙungiya"). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amabile |first=Teresa M. |last2=Pratt |first2=Michael G. |year=2016 |title=The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning |journal=Research in Organizational Behavior |volume=36 |pages=157–183 |doi=10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001}}</ref> === Tattalin Arziki da kirkire-kirkire === A shekara ta 1957 masanin tattalin arziki Robert Solow ya iya nuna cewa Ci gaban tattalin arziki yana da abubuwa biyu. Sashe na farko za a iya danganta shi da ci gaban [[Samar|samarwa]] gami da [[aikin albashi]] da kuma babban birnin. An gano bangare na biyu ya zama yawan aiki. Tun daga wannan lokacin, masana tarihi na tattalin arziki sun yi ƙoƙari su bayyana tsarin kirkire-kirkire da kansa, maimakon zaton cewa abubuwan kirkirar fasaha da ci gaban fasaha suna haifar da ci gaban yawan aiki. Ma'anar kirkire-kirkire ta fito ne bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, galibi godiya ga ayyukan Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950) wanda ya bayyana tasirin tattalin arziki na hanyoyin kirkire-kire a matsayin lalacewar kirkira. A yau, malamai na Neo-Schumpeterian suna ganin sababbin abubuwa ba a matsayin tsaka-tsaki ko hanyoyin siyasa ba.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Sheila Jasanoff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Papaioannou |first=Theo |date=3 May 2020 |title=Innovation, value-neutrality and the question of politics: unmasking the rhetorical and ideological abuse of evolutionary theory |journal=Journal of Responsible Innovation |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=238–255 |doi=10.1080/23299460.2019.1605484}}</ref> Maimakon haka, ana iya ganin sababbin abubuwa a matsayin hanyoyin da aka gina a cikin al'umma. Saboda haka, tunaninsa ya dogara da yanayin siyasa da zamantakewa inda ake samun kirkire-kirkire.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Robra |first=Ben |last2=Pazaitis |first2=Alex |last3=Giotitsas |first3=Chris |last4=Pansera |first4=Mario |date=2023-07-01 |title=From creative destruction to convivial innovation - A post-growth perspective |journal=Technovation |volume=125 |doi=10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102760 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> A cewar Shannon Walsh, "ƙwarewa a yau an fi fahimta a matsayin ƙira a ƙarƙashin babban birnin" (shafi na 346). <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Walsh |first=Shannon |date=March 2023 |title=Marx, subsumption and the critique of innovation |journal=Organization |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=345–360 |doi=10.1177/13505084211015377}}</ref> &nbsp;Wannan yana nufin cewa manufar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu don kirkire-kirkire shine ingantaccen jari da haɓaka riba, wanda aka kwatanta da karɓar ilimi (misali, ta hanyar ba da izini), yaduwar aikin da aka tsara na ƙarancin tsari (ciki har da rashin gyare-gyare ta ƙira), da kuma Jevons paradox, wanda ke bayyana mummunan sakamako na ƙwarewar muhalli kamar yadda tasirin rage makamashi ke haifar da hanyoyin da ke haifar da tasirin haɓaka makamashi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lange |first=Steffen |last2=Pohl |first2=Johanna |last3=Santarius |first3=Tilman |date=October 2020 |title=Digitalization and energy consumption. Does ICT reduce energy demand? |journal=Ecological Economics |volume=176 |bibcode=2020EcoEc.17606760L |doi=10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106760}}</ref> Wani binciken da aka buga a cikin mujallar ''Kimiyya ta Kasuwanci'', ya gano cewa kashi 73% na sababbin abubuwa da aka bincika a cikin ƙarni na 19 da 20 suna da alaƙa da kumfa na tattalin arziki. Har ila yau, ya gano cewa sikelin waɗannan kumfa suna da alaƙa da yadda sababbin abubuwa suke, da kuma ko sun haifar da [[tasirin cibiyar sadarwa]] kai tsaye.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sorescu |first=Alina |last2=Sorescu |first2=Sorin M. |last3=Armstrong |first3=Will J. |last4=Devoldere |first4=Bart |year=2018 |title=Two Centuries of Innovations and Stock Market Bubbles |journal=[[Marketing Science (journal)|Marketing Science]] |volume=37 |issue=4 |doi=10.1287/mksc.2018.1095}}</ref> == Nau'o'in == An gabatar da tsarin da yawa don bayyana nau'ikan kirkire-kirkire.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edwards-Schachter |first=Mónica |date=2018 |title=The nature and variety of innovation |journal=International Journal of Innovation Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=65–79 |doi=10.1016/j.ijis.2018.08.004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Ci gaba da sababbin abubuwa masu rikitarwa === [[File:L-Hochrad.png|thumb|Wani 1880 penny-farthing (hagu), da kuma 1886 Rover aminci keke tare da gearing]] Ɗaya daga cikin tsarin da Clayton Christensen ya gabatar ya nuna bambanci tsakanin kiyayewa da sababbin abubuwa. Ci gaba da kirkire-kirkire shine inganta samfurin ko sabis bisa ga sanannun bukatun abokan ciniki na yanzu (misali microprocessors masu sauri, talabijin masu laushi). Sabuntawa mai rikitarwa ya bambanta yana nufin tsari wanda sabon samfurin ko sabis ke haifar da sabon kasuwa (misali rediyo na transistor, encyclopedia kyauta, da dai sauransu), a ƙarshe yana kawar da masu fafatawa da aka kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disruptive Innovations |url=https://www.christenseninstitute.org/disruptive-innovations/ |access-date=16 August 2020 |publisher=Christensen Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> A cewar Christensen, sababbin abubuwa masu rikitarwa suna da mahimmanci ga nasarar dogon lokaci a kasuwanci.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Christensen, Clayton |last2=Overdorf, Michael |year=2000 |title=Meeting the Challenge of Disruptive Change |url=https://hbr.org/2000/03/meeting-the-challenge-of-disruptive-change |journal=Harvard Business Review}}</ref> Disruptive innovation is often enabled by disruptive technology. Marco Iansiti and Karim R. Lakhani define foundational technology as having the potential to create new foundations for global technology systems over the longer term. Foundational technology tends to transform business operating models as entirely new business models emerge over many years, with gradual and steady adoption of the innovation leading to waves of technological and institutional change that gain momentum more slowly.  The advent of the packet-switched communication protocol TCP/IP—originally introduced in 1972 to support a single use case for United States Department of Defense electronic communication (email), and which gained widespread adoption only in the mid-1990s with the advent of the [[Yanar Gizo na Duniya|World Wide Web]]—is a foundational technology.<ref name="hbr201701" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8itc3i1x64lw5229qq7hlraowd8y6d6 967624 967623 2026-10-14T19:37:10Z Galadanchi123 50022 967624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Blockquote|Innovation is production or adoption, assimilation, and exploitation of a value-added novelty in economic and social spheres; renewal and enlargement of products, services, and markets; development of new methods of production; and the establishment of new management systems. It is both a process and an outcome.}}{{Blockquote|Workplace creativity concerns the cognitive and behavioral processes applied when attempting to generate novel ideas. Workplace innovation concerns the processes applied when attempting to implement new ideas. Specifically, innovation involves some combination of problem/opportunity identification, the introduction, adoption or modification of new ideas germane to organizational needs, the promotion of these ideas, and the practical implementation of these ideas.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hughes |first1=David J. |last2=Lee |first2=Allan |last3=Tian |first3=Amy Wei |last4=Newman |first4=Alex |last5=Legood |first5=Alison |title=Leadership, creativity, and innovation: A critical review and practical recommendations |journal=The Leadership Quarterly |date=October 2018 |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=549–569 |doi=10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.03.001 |hdl=10871/32289 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>}} [[File:Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg|thumb|[[Thomas Edison]] tare da phonograph a ƙarshen shekarun 1870. Edison, daya daga cikin masu kirkiro mafi yawa a tarihi, ya sami takardun shaida na Amurka 1,093 a cikin sunansa.]]{{Databox}} == Innovation shine aiwatar da ra'ayoyi da ke haifar da ƙirƙirar ko inganta kayayyaki ko ayyuka. ISO TC 279 a cikin daidaitattun ISO 56000:2020 ya bayyana kirkire-kirkire a matsayin "sabon ko canzawa, fahimtar ko sake rarraba darajar".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=ISO 56000:2020(en)Innovation management — Fundamentals and vocabulary |url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:56000:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617031837/https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:56000:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.1 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=ISO}}</ref> Sauran suna ba da ma'anoni daban-daban; mafi yawansu suna mai da hankali kan sabon abu, ingantawa, da yaduwar ra'ayoyi ko fasaha (duba yaduwar kirkire-kirkire). == Sau da yawa kirkire-kirkire suna faruwa ta hanyar ci gaban samfuran da suka fi tasiri, matakai, ayyuka, [[Fasaha|fasahar]], Ayyukan fasaha ko samfuran kasuwanci waɗanda '''masu kirkiro''' ke samarwa ga kasuwanni, [[Gwamnati|gwamnatoci]], da [[al'umma]]. Innovation yana da alaƙa da, amma ba daidai ba ne da, kirkirar: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Kim |date=2 April 2012 |title=This Is The Difference Between 'Invention' And 'Innovation' |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/this-is-the-difference-between-invention-and-innovation-2012-4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509155351/https://www.businessinsider.com/this-is-the-difference-between-invention-and-innovation-2012-4 |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2016 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> kirkirar ta fi dacewa da aiwatar da wani kirkirar (watau sabon / ingantaccen ikon) don yin tasiri mai ma'ana a kasuwa ko a cikin al'umma. Ba duk sababbin abubuwa suna buƙatar sabon kirkirar ba. Jamshed Bharucha ya bayyana don sanya sabon abu a matsayin muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsara Shugabannin. Sabuntawa ta fasaha sau da yawa tana bayyana kanta ta hanyar aikin [[Injinia.|injiniya]] lokacin da matsalar da ake warwarewa ta fasaha ce ko ta kimiyya. Sabanin sababbin abubuwa shine ''exnovation''. == Ma'anar == Binciken wallafe-wallafen kan kirkire-kirkire sun sami ma'anoni daban-daban. A cikin 2009, Baregheh et al. sun sami kusan ma'anoni 60 a cikin takardun kimiyya daban-daban, yayin da binciken 2014 ya sami sama da 40.[1] Dangane da binciken da suka yi, Baragheh et al. sun yi ƙoƙari su tsara ma'anar fannoni da yawa kuma sun isa ga masu zuwa: A binciken yadda Masana'antar software ke la'akari da kirkire-kirkire, ma'anar da Crossan da Apaydin suka bayar an dauke ta mafi cikakke. Crossan da Apaydin sun gina a kan ma'anar da aka bayar a cikin Kungiyar hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaba (OECD) Oslo Manual: <ref name="Henry2013">{{Cite journal |last=Edison |first=Henry |last2=bin Ali |first2=Nauman |last3=Torkar |first3=Richard |date=May 2013 |title=Towards innovation measurement in the software industry |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5690 |journal=Journal of Systems and Software |volume=86 |issue=5 |pages=1390–1407 |doi=10.1016/j.jss.2013.01.013}}</ref> cikin{{Blockquote|Innovation is production or adoption, assimilation, and exploitation of a value-added novelty in economic and social spheres; renewal and enlargement of products, services, and markets; development of new methods of production; and the establishment of new management systems. It is both a process and an outcome.}} Masanin ilimin zamantakewa na Amurka Everett Rogers, ya bayyana shi kamar haka:<blockquote>"Tunanin, aiki, ko abu wanda mutum ko wani sashi na tallafi ya ɗauka sabo ne" </blockquote>A cewar Alan Altshuler da Robert D. Behn, sababbin abubuwa sun haɗa da kirkirar asali da amfani mai ban sha'awa. Wadannan marubutan sun bayyana kirkire-kirkire a matsayin tsara, shigarwa da cika sabbin ra'ayoyi, samfuran, ayyuka da matakai. Manyan fannoni biyu na kirkire-kirkire sune digiri na sabon abu (watau ko sabon abu ne ga kamfanin, sabon abu ga kasuwa, sabon abu ne zuwa masana'antu, ko sabon abu ga duniya) da kuma irin kirkire-karya (watau idan tsari ne ko tsarin samar da sabis). <ref name="Henry2013" /> Masu bincike na ƙungiyoyi sun kuma bambanta sababbin abubuwa daban daga kerawa, ta hanyar samar da ma'anar sabuntawa game da waɗannan gine-gine guda biyu masu alaƙa: {{Blockquote|Workplace creativity concerns the cognitive and behavioral processes applied when attempting to generate novel ideas. Workplace innovation concerns the processes applied when attempting to implement new ideas. Specifically, innovation involves some combination of problem/opportunity identification, the introduction, adoption or modification of new ideas germane to organizational needs, the promotion of these ideas, and the practical implementation of these ideas.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hughes |first1=David J. |last2=Lee |first2=Allan |last3=Tian |first3=Amy Wei |last4=Newman |first4=Alex |last5=Legood |first5=Alison |title=Leadership, creativity, and innovation: A critical review and practical recommendations |journal=The Leadership Quarterly |date=October 2018 |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=549–569 |doi=10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.03.001 |hdl=10871/32289 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>}} Peter Drucker ya rubuta cewa: {{Blockquote|Innovation is the specific function of entrepreneurship, whether in an existing business, a public service institution, or a new venture started by a lone individual in the family kitchen. It is the means by which the entrepreneur either creates new wealth-producing resources or endows existing resources with enhanced potential for creating wealth.<ref name="Drucker">{{cite journal |title=The Discipline of Innovation |journal=[[Harvard Business Review]] |url= http://hbr.org/2002/08/the-discipline-of-innovation/ar/1 |date=August 2002 |access-date=13 October 2013|last1=Drucker |first1=Peter F. }}</ref>}} === Kwarewa da kirkire-kirkire === Gabaɗaya, an bambanta kirkire-kirkire daga ƙwarewa ta hanyar jaddada aiwatar da ra'ayoyin kirkirar a cikin yanayin tattalin arziki. Amabile da Pratt a cikin 2016, suna amfani da wallafe-wallafen, sun bambanta tsakanin kerawa ("samar da sababbin ra'ayoyi masu amfani da mutum ko ƙaramin rukuni na mutane da ke aiki tare") da kirkire-kirkire ("nasara aiwatar da ra'ayoyin kirkira a cikin ƙungiya"). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amabile |first=Teresa M. |last2=Pratt |first2=Michael G. |year=2016 |title=The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning |journal=Research in Organizational Behavior |volume=36 |pages=157–183 |doi=10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001}}</ref> === Tattalin Arziki da kirkire-kirkire === A shekara ta 1957 masanin tattalin arziki Robert Solow ya iya nuna cewa Ci gaban tattalin arziki yana da abubuwa biyu. Sashe na farko za a iya danganta shi da ci gaban [[Samar|samarwa]] gami da [[aikin albashi]] da kuma babban birnin. An gano bangare na biyu ya zama yawan aiki. Tun daga wannan lokacin, masana tarihi na tattalin arziki sun yi ƙoƙari su bayyana tsarin kirkire-kirkire da kansa, maimakon zaton cewa abubuwan kirkirar fasaha da ci gaban fasaha suna haifar da ci gaban yawan aiki. Ma'anar kirkire-kirkire ta fito ne bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, galibi godiya ga ayyukan Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950) wanda ya bayyana tasirin tattalin arziki na hanyoyin kirkire-kire a matsayin lalacewar kirkira. A yau, malamai na Neo-Schumpeterian suna ganin sababbin abubuwa ba a matsayin tsaka-tsaki ko hanyoyin siyasa ba.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Sheila Jasanoff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Papaioannou |first=Theo |date=3 May 2020 |title=Innovation, value-neutrality and the question of politics: unmasking the rhetorical and ideological abuse of evolutionary theory |journal=Journal of Responsible Innovation |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=238–255 |doi=10.1080/23299460.2019.1605484}}</ref> Maimakon haka, ana iya ganin sababbin abubuwa a matsayin hanyoyin da aka gina a cikin al'umma. Saboda haka, tunaninsa ya dogara da yanayin siyasa da zamantakewa inda ake samun kirkire-kirkire.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Robra |first=Ben |last2=Pazaitis |first2=Alex |last3=Giotitsas |first3=Chris |last4=Pansera |first4=Mario |date=2023-07-01 |title=From creative destruction to convivial innovation - A post-growth perspective |journal=Technovation |volume=125 |doi=10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102760 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> A cewar Shannon Walsh, "ƙwarewa a yau an fi fahimta a matsayin ƙira a ƙarƙashin babban birnin" (shafi na 346). <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Walsh |first=Shannon |date=March 2023 |title=Marx, subsumption and the critique of innovation |journal=Organization |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=345–360 |doi=10.1177/13505084211015377}}</ref> &nbsp;Wannan yana nufin cewa manufar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu don kirkire-kirkire shine ingantaccen jari da haɓaka riba, wanda aka kwatanta da karɓar ilimi (misali, ta hanyar ba da izini), yaduwar aikin da aka tsara na ƙarancin tsari (ciki har da rashin gyare-gyare ta ƙira), da kuma Jevons paradox, wanda ke bayyana mummunan sakamako na ƙwarewar muhalli kamar yadda tasirin rage makamashi ke haifar da hanyoyin da ke haifar da tasirin haɓaka makamashi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lange |first=Steffen |last2=Pohl |first2=Johanna |last3=Santarius |first3=Tilman |date=October 2020 |title=Digitalization and energy consumption. Does ICT reduce energy demand? |journal=Ecological Economics |volume=176 |bibcode=2020EcoEc.17606760L |doi=10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106760}}</ref> Wani binciken da aka buga a cikin mujallar ''Kimiyya ta Kasuwanci'', ya gano cewa kashi 73% na sababbin abubuwa da aka bincika a cikin ƙarni na 19 da 20 suna da alaƙa da kumfa na tattalin arziki. Har ila yau, ya gano cewa sikelin waɗannan kumfa suna da alaƙa da yadda sababbin abubuwa suke, da kuma ko sun haifar da [[tasirin cibiyar sadarwa]] kai tsaye.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sorescu |first=Alina |last2=Sorescu |first2=Sorin M. |last3=Armstrong |first3=Will J. |last4=Devoldere |first4=Bart |year=2018 |title=Two Centuries of Innovations and Stock Market Bubbles |journal=[[Marketing Science (journal)|Marketing Science]] |volume=37 |issue=4 |doi=10.1287/mksc.2018.1095}}</ref> == Nau'o'in == An gabatar da tsarin da yawa don bayyana nau'ikan kirkire-kirkire.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edwards-Schachter |first=Mónica |date=2018 |title=The nature and variety of innovation |journal=International Journal of Innovation Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=65–79 |doi=10.1016/j.ijis.2018.08.004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Ci gaba da sababbin abubuwa masu rikitarwa === [[File:L-Hochrad.png|thumb|Wani 1880 penny-farthing (hagu), da kuma 1886 Rover aminci keke tare da gearing]] Ɗaya daga cikin tsarin da Clayton Christensen ya gabatar ya nuna bambanci tsakanin kiyayewa da sababbin abubuwa. Ci gaba da kirkire-kirkire shine inganta samfurin ko sabis bisa ga sanannun bukatun abokan ciniki na yanzu (misali microprocessors masu sauri, talabijin masu laushi). Sabuntawa mai rikitarwa ya bambanta yana nufin tsari wanda sabon samfurin ko sabis ke haifar da sabon kasuwa (misali rediyo na transistor, encyclopedia kyauta, da dai sauransu), a ƙarshe yana kawar da masu fafatawa da aka kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disruptive Innovations |url=https://www.christenseninstitute.org/disruptive-innovations/ |access-date=16 August 2020 |publisher=Christensen Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> A cewar Christensen, sababbin abubuwa masu rikitarwa suna da mahimmanci ga nasarar dogon lokaci a kasuwanci.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Christensen, Clayton |last2=Overdorf, Michael |year=2000 |title=Meeting the Challenge of Disruptive Change |url=https://hbr.org/2000/03/meeting-the-challenge-of-disruptive-change |journal=Harvard Business Review}}</ref> Disruptive innovation is often enabled by disruptive technology. Marco Iansiti and Karim R. Lakhani define foundational technology as having the potential to create new foundations for global technology systems over the longer term. Foundational technology tends to transform business operating models as entirely new business models emerge over many years, with gradual and steady adoption of the innovation leading to waves of technological and institutional change that gain momentum more slowly.  The advent of the packet-switched communication protocol TCP/IP—originally introduced in 1972 to support a single use case for United States Department of Defense electronic communication (email), and which gained widespread adoption only in the mid-1990s with the advent of the [[Yanar Gizo na Duniya|World Wide Web]]—is a foundational technology.<ref name="hbr201701" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] by1y60dg2cf53dzgfexvrpkdow2w9p8 Margunn Bjørnholt 0 82380 967816 963335 2026-10-15T10:36:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967816 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Margunn Bjørnholt''' (an haife shi 9 Oktoba 1958 a Bø, Telemark ) [[Kimiyar al'umma|masanin ilimin zamantakewa]] ne kuma masanin tattalin arziki na Norway. Ita ce farfesa mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Tashin hankali da Tashin hankali na Norwegian (NKVTS) kuma farfesa a fannin ilimin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Bergen . <ref name="NKVTS">{{Cite web |title=Bjørnholt, Margunn |url=https://www.nkvts.no/english/employee/bjornholt-margunn/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507181803/https://www.nkvts.no/english/employee/bjornholt-margunn/ |archive-date=7 May 2023 |access-date=7 May 2023 |publisher=[[Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies]]}}</ref> <ref name="UiB">{{Cite web |title=Professor Margunn Bjørnholt |url=https://www.uib.no/en/persons/Margunn.Bj%C3%B8rnholt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507181607/https://www.uib.no/en/persons/Margunn.Bj%C3%B8rnholt |archive-date=7 May 2023 |access-date=7 May 2023 |publisher=[[University of Bergen]]}}</ref> Binciken ta ya mayar da hankali kan cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi, gudanarwa da rayuwar aiki sannan kuma akan [[daidaiton jinsi]], ƙaura da tashin hankali . Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara, ma'aikaciyar gwamnati, ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararre ga Hukumar Turai kuma ta kasance shugabar Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Mata ta Norwegian . == Fage da aiki == She earned an M.Sc. in European economic studies from the College of Europe (1982), a mag.art. in economic sociology from the University of Oslo (1995), with a dissertation on microfinance, ethical and interest-free [[Banki|banking]], and a PhD in gender studies from Örebro University (2014), with the dissertation ''Modern Men''.<ref name="UiB"/><ref name="mb-bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.margunnbjornholt.no/bio/ |access-date=18 March 2019}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1980s ita ce ke da alhakin shirin kan Kasuwancin mata a Asusun Ci Gaban Yankin. Daga nan ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kasa kuma a matsayin abokin tarayya a cikin mai ba da shawara, inganta kasuwancin mata da jagoranci. [5] [6] [7] [4] [5] [6] [5] [6] [7] A cikin shekarun 1990s, ta shiga cikin tattalin arzikin kore a matsayin malami da kuma ma'aikaci, kuma ta jagoranci JAK Norway (1991-92), ƙoƙari na kafa bankin ɗabi'a ba tare da riba ba tare da haɗin gwiwar Bankin membobin JAK. [[Fayil:NKF Presidents Torild Skard and Margunn Bjørnholt, Palais des Nations, Geneva, 2014.jpg|thumb|Margunn Bjørnholt a gefe]] Daga 1993 ta kasance tana da alaƙa da Project for an Alternative Future (Center for Development and the Environment, Jami'ar Oslo), inda ta yi bincike kan cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi, kudi, da tsarin kudi. Daga nan ta kasance mai bincike a Cibiyar Bincike ta Ayyuka da Sashen Harkokin Jama'a da Yanayin Dan Adam na Jami'ar Oslo. A shekara ta 2015 ta zama farfesa mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Rikicin Norwegian da Traumatic Stress Studies (NKVTS), kuma a Jami'ar Oslo . A cikin 2021 ta kuma zama farfesa a fannin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Bergen . <ref name="NKVTS"/> <ref name="UiB"/><ref name="CNRS">{{Cite web |title=Margunn Bjørnholt |url=https://gbvmigration.cnrs.fr/members/ |access-date=1 July 2021 |publisher=[[CNRS]] |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182101/https://gbvmigration.cnrs.fr/members/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin gwani mai zaman kanta kan daidaiton jinsi ga Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, kuma ta kasance malami mai ziyara a Martha Albertson Fineman's Feminism and Legal Theory Project a Emory Law, Cibiyar GEXcel ta Kwarewar Jima'i da Cibiyar Shari'a da Adalci a Jami'ar Leeds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Margunn Bjørnholt |url=http://web.gs.emory.edu/vulnerability/Affiliated%20Faculty/bjornholt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029204602/http://web.gs.emory.edu/vulnerability/Affiliated%20Faculty/bjornholt.html |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=15 April 2012 |publisher=[[Emory University]]}}</ref><ref name="mb-bio"/> Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar bincike ta 'Yancin, Mutane, Al'adu da Al'umma a Jami'ar Oslo Faculty of Law kuma memba ne na kwamitin ƙwararru na Rethinking Economics a Norway. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deltakere i Rettigheter, individer, kultur og samfunn |url=http://www.jus.uio.no/forskning/omrader/riks/index.html?vrtx=list-related-persons |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004212144/http://www.jus.uio.no/forskning/omrader/riks/index.html?vrtx=list-related-persons |archive-date=4 October 2014 |publisher=University of Oslo Faculty of Law}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Margunn Bjørnholt |url=https://rethinkingeconomicsnorge.com/om-oss/fagradet/margunn-bjornholt/ |publisher=Rethinking Economics Norway}}</ref> Ita 'yar ƙungiyar bincike ce ta duniya, Vulnerability da Human Condition Initiative a Dokar Emory, da kuma Cibiyar WiSE don Adalci na Tattalin Arziki a Makarantar Kasuwanci da Jama'a ta Glasgow.<ref name="mb-bio" /> Ta koyar da dalibai a fannin zamantakewa da ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Oslo, da kuma dalibai a cikin zaman lafiya da rikice-rikice, shugabanci, ilimin laifuka, Manufofin kiwon lafiya da maganin iyali a wasu jami'o'i.<ref name="mb-bio" /> == Bincike == Yawancin ayyukanta suna cikin ilimin zamantakewa, amma ta kuma yi aiki a kan batutuwan kimiyyar tattalin arziki, shari'a da siyasa. Mahimmancin bincikenta ya canza a tsawon lokaci daga cibiyoyin kudi, gudanarwa, da Rayuwar aiki, zuwa daidaiton jinsi, ƙaura, da tashin hankali. Ta wallafa takardu sama da 50, littattafai uku, da rahotanni da yawa. Binciken da ta yi a cikin shekarun 1990 ya mayar da hankali kan banki na ɗabi'a, [[Kuɗi|kudi]] da tsarin kudi. Daga ƙarshen shekarun 1990 ta yi bincike kan gudanarwa da canjin ƙungiya a bangaren jama'a, tare da mai da hankali kan sassauci na ƙungiya da sararin samaniya. Binciken da ta yi game da rayuwar aiki ya kai ta ga batutuwan aiki-iyali da karatun maza, tare da mai da hankali kan sauye-sauyen ayyukan aiki-iyalai da alaƙar jinsi.<ref>[http://bibsys-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?docId=BIBSYS_ILS143481010&vid=BIBSYS Modern men: A Norwegian 30-year longitudinal study of intergenerational transmission and social change] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406024715/http://bibsys-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?docId=BIBSYS_ILS143481010&vid=BIBSYS |date=2020-04-06 }} {{Cite web |url=https://bibsys-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?vid=BIBSYS&docid=BIBSYS_ILS143481010&context=L |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406024715/https://bibsys-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?vid=BIBSYS&docid=BIBSYS_ILS143481010&context=L |archive-date=2020-04-06 |url-status=bot: unknown}}, Oria.no</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2011 |title=Margunn Bjørnholt |url=http://www.ingenere.it/persone/bj-rnholt |access-date=15 April 2012 |publisher=inGenere.it}}</ref><ref name="ref1">{{Cite web |last=Anita Haslie |date=14 September 2010 |title=A Successful Work-Life Balance |url=http://eng.kilden.forskningsradet.no/c52778/nyhet/vis.html?tid=73385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006100548/http://eng.kilden.forskningsradet.no/c52778/nyhet/vis.html?tid=73385 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=15 April 2012 |publisher=[[Research Council of Norway]] Information Centre for Gender Research in Norway}}</ref><ref name="ref4">{{Cite journal |last=Bosse Parbring |year=2011 |title=Delat föräldraskap, delad arbetstid |url=http://www.nikk.no/Delat+föräldraskap,+delad+arbetstid.b7C_wljIXZ.ips |url-status=dead |journal=NIKK Magasin |publisher=[[Nordic Gender Institute]] |volume=2011 |issue=1 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905034735/http://www.nikk.no/Delat+f%C3%B6r%C3%A4ldraskap,+delad+arbetstid.b7C_wljIXZ.ips |archive-date=5 September 2012 |access-date=15 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="ref5">{{Cite journal |last=Linn Stalsberg |author-link=Linn Stalsberg |year=2011 |title=En krympet likestillingsdebatt |url=http://www.apollon.uio.no/artikler/2011/likestilling.html |journal=Forskningsmagasinet Apollon |publisher=[[University of Oslo]] |volume=2011 |issue=1 |access-date=15 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Beret Bråten |date=29 November 2005 |title=Delte arbeid ute og hjemme |url=http://kilden.forskningsradet.no/c16880/artikkel/vis.html?tid=37485 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006092911/http://kilden.forskningsradet.no/c16880/artikkel/vis.html?tid=37485 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=15 April 2012 |publisher=[[Research Council of Norway]] Information Centre for Gender Research in Norway}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gimmestad |first=Johnny |date=5 September 2010 |title=Det lønner seg for far å stelle hjemme |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/jobb/Det-lonner-seg-for-far-a-stelle-hjemme-5344292.html |publisher=[[Aftenposten]]}}</ref> Ta kuma yi bincike kan sauye-sauyen al'adu da ayyukan ƙasashen waje na 'yan gudun hijirar Poland zuwa Norway, kuma ta shiga cikin ayyukan da yawa a Tsakiyar Turai da Gabas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EFFECT: Cross-national Polish–Norwegian project on work–life balance |url=http://www.osloresearch.no/research/effect |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=Oslo Research |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212024523/http://www.osloresearch.no/research/effect |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2015 Ma'aikatar Sami'a da Tsaron Jama'a ta ba ta izini don kafa shirin bincike kan girman jinsi na tashin hankali a NKVTS, kuma ta jagoranci ayyukan da yawa kan tashin hankali na abokin tarayya, tashin hankali na jima'i, tashin hankali ga [[Ƴan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira'yan gudun hijira]] hankali da cin zarafi a cikin al'ummomin Sámi na asali da al'ummomi na baƙi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intimate partner violence: gender, equality and power |url=https://www.nkvts.no/english/project/intimate-partner-violence-gender-equality-and-power/ |publisher=NKVTS |access-date=2024-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212024527/https://www.nkvts.no/english/project/intimate-partner-violence-gender-equality-and-power/ |archive-date=2019-12-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vold i nære relasjoner i samiske samfunn II |url=https://www.nkvts.no/prosjekt/vold-i-naere-relasjoner-i-samiske-samfunn-2/ |publisher=NKVTS |access-date=2024-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807182815/https://www.nkvts.no/prosjekt/vold-i-naere-relasjoner-i-samiske-samfunn-2/ |archive-date=2024-08-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga 2019 ta jagoranci wani aikin da EU ke tallafawa kan tashin hankali ga mata masu ƙaura da 'yan gudun hijira, wanda ya zama tushen shawarwarin manufofi don rage yiwuwar mata ga tashin hankali na jima'i da jinsi, tare da haɗin gwiwar Jane Freedman (CNRS) da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Violence against women migrants and refugees: analysing causes and effective policy response |url=https://www.nkvts.no/english/project/violence-against-women-migrants-and-refugees-analysing-causes-and-effective-policy-response/ |publisher=NKVTS |access-date=2024-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531003156/https://www.nkvts.no/english/project/violence-against-women-migrants-and-refugees-analysing-causes-and-effective-policy-response/ |archive-date=2019-05-31 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Littattafanta game da tashin hankali sune Vold i nære reljoner (Universitetsforlaget, 2019) da ''Maza, Maza da Rikicin Abokin Hulɗa'' (Routledge, 2021). [[Fayil:Berit Ås, Margunn Bjørnholt og Torild Skard.jpeg|thumb|Margunn Bjørnholt a tsakiya ]] Ta kuma yi aiki a kan ka'idojin adalci da Tattalin arzikin mata, kuma ta yi aiki tare da masanin ilimin shari'a na Amurka Martha Albertson Fineman da masanin tattalin arziki na mata Marilyn Waring na shekaru da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Margunn Bjørnholt |url=http://kilden.forskningsradet.no/c17223/ekspert/vis.html?tid=88115 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006164100/http://kilden.forskningsradet.no/c17223/ekspert/vis.html?tid=88115 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=4 October 2014 |website=Expert database for gender research |publisher=[[Research Council of Norway]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2014 ta hada hannu da wani littafi kan ci gaban da aka samu kwanan nan a fannin tattalin arzikin mata tare da masanin tattalin arziki na Scotland Ailsa McKay . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kristin Marie Skaar |date=24 May 2014 |title=– Klart vi kan jobbe mindre |url=http://www.forskning.no/artikler/2014/mai/391278 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714162456/http://www.forskning.no/artikler/2014/mai/391278 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=8 July 2014 |publisher=[[forskning.no]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Langeland |first=Terje |date=18 June 2013 |title=Women Unaccounted for in Global Economy Proves Waring Influence |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-18/women-unaccounted-for-in-global-economy-proves-waring-influence.html |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sullivan |first=T.E. |year=2014 |title=Review: Counting on Marilyn Waring: new advances in feminist economics |journal=[[Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries]] |volume=52 |issue=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Elson |first=Diane |author-link=Diane Elson |year=2015 |title=Book Review: Counting on Marilyn Waring: new advances in feminist economics |url=http://www.palgrave-journals.com/fr/journal/v109/n1/full/fr201458a.html |journal=Feminist Review |volume=109 |issue=1 |pages=e9–e11 |doi=10.1057/fr.2014.58 |access-date=25 February 2015 |doi-access=free |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063344/http://www.palgrave-journals.com/fr/journal/v109/n1/full/fr201458a.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma wallafa ayyukan kan [[Bincike|Hanyoyin bincike]] masu inganci da yawa. == Ayyukan jama'a da siyasa == A farkon shekarun 1980 ta kasance 'yar jarida ga gidan rediyo na mata na rediyo na Orakel . Ta kasance shugabar kungiyar Norwegian Association for Women's Rights (2013-2016), Shugabar kungiyar Norwegian Women's Lobby (2014-2016) kuma memba ne na kwamitin International Alliance of Women (2013-2017).<ref name="kv-presidents">{{Cite web |title=Margunn Bjørnholt |url=http://kvinnesak.no/presidents/margunn-bjornholt/ |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=[[Norwegian Association for Women's Rights]]}}</ref> about="#mwt239" class="mw-ref reference" data-cx="{}" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"aftenposten2014"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-aftenposten2014-44","html":"<nowiki><span typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw=\"{&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;templatestyles&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;attrs&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;src&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;body&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;extsrc&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;cite news &amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Cite_news&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;2014-05-11&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Mannsforsker ny leder i Norsk Kvinnesaksforening&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Mannsforsker-ny-leder-i-Norsk-Kvinnesaksforening-7563258.html&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;archive-url&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20141006103225/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Mannsforsker-ny-leder-i-Norsk-Kvinnesaksforening-7563258.html&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;archive-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;2014-10-06&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;access-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;newspaper&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;[[Aftenposten]]&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwAp4\">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt236\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"mwAp8\" data-ve-ignore=\"true\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20141006103225/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Mannsforsker-ny-leder-i-Norsk-Kvinnesaksforening-7563258.html\" id=\"mwAqA\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Mannsforsker ny leder i Norsk Kvinnesaksforening\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwAqE\"><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"213\" href=\"./Aftenposten\" id=\"mwAqI\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Aftenposten\">Aftenposten</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki>. 11 May 2014. Archived from <nowiki><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Mannsforsker-ny-leder-i-Norsk-Kvinnesaksforening-7563258.html\" id=\"mwAqM\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">the original</a></nowiki> on 6 October 2014.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}' id="cite_ref-aftenposten2014_44-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Margunn_Bjørnholt#cite_note-aftenposten2014-44 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]<ref name="kv-bio">{{Cite web |title=Margunn Bjørnholt |url=http://www.kvinnelobby.no/en/people/margunn-bjornholt/ |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=Norwegian Women's Lobby |archive-date=24 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824230451/http://www.kvinnelobby.no/en/people/margunn-bjornholt/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gwamnatin Norway ce ta nada ta a matsayin memba na tawagar Norway zuwa zaman 59 da 60 na Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Matsayin Mata (CSW).<ref name="kv-presidents" /> Ta kasance dan takara na Green Party a Zaben 2015.<ref>[http://www.budstikka.no/nyheter/nyheter/han-topper-barums-gronne/s/2-2.310-1.8666945 Han topper Bærums grønne], ''Budstikka'', 26 November 2014</ref> == Daraja == * Labari na Shekara - Kyautar Jaridar Kwalejin Kwalejin Jami'ar Scandinavia (2021).<ref name="Universitetsforlaget">{{Cite web |date=9 June 2022 |title=En voldelig relasjon som aldri tar slutt |trans-title=A violent relationship that never ends |url=https://ublogg.no/en-voldelig-relasjon-som-aldri-tar-slutt/ |access-date=9 June 2022 |publisher=[[Universitetsforlaget]]}}</ref> * Kyautar 'Yancin (2023) <ref name="pahoyden">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-28 |title=Rettighetsprisen til Margunn Bjørnholt |url=https://pahoyden.no/rettighetsprisen-til-margunn-bjornholt/128102 |website=På Høyden}}</ref>[no] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Presidents of NKF}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 18755ijyn7tk49tlbuah5s0oi7nu7za Scribd 0 85237 967721 528610 2026-10-14T23:56:56Z ~2026-55228-33 50060 /* */ 967721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{data dislik issn sggbox}} '''Scribd Inc.''' (mai suna {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|k|r|ɪ|b|d}}) yana aiki da dandamali na farko guda uku: '''Scribd''', '''Everand ''', da ''[[SlideShare]]'''. Scribd ɗakin karatu ne na takaddun dijital wanda ke ɗaukar takardu sama da miliyan 195. Everand sabis ne na biyan kuɗin abun ciki na dijital yana ba da zaɓi na ebooks, littattafan mai jiwuwa, mujallu, kwasfan fayiloli, da kiɗan takarda. SlideShare dandamali ne na kan layi wanda ke nuna sama da gabatarwa miliyan 15 daga ƙwararrun batutuwa. <ref name="metz2013">{{cite mujalla |karshe=Metz |first=Cade |date=Oktoba 1, 2013 |title=Scribd Ya Kalubalanci Amazon da Apple Tare da 'Netflix don Littattafai' |url=https://www. wired.com/2013/10/scribd_book_subscription/ |access-date=Satumba 3, 2017 |mujalladi=[[Wayar (mujallar)|Waya]]}}</ref> <ref name="lifehacker1">{{cite labarai |karshe=Orin |farko=Andy |kwanan wata=June 11, 2014 |title=Bayan App: Labarin Scribd |url=http://lifehacker.com/behind -the-app-the-story-of-scribd-1589303246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029112956/https://lifehacker.com/behind-the -app-the-story-of-scribd-1589303246 |archive-date=Oktoba 29, 2020 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |publisher=Lifehacker}}</ref> <ref name="schnuer2013">{{cite magazine |last=Schnuer |first=Jenna |date=November 8, 2013 |title=We Test It: Scribd's All-You-Can Read Digital Buffet |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/229666 |access-date=September 3, 2017 |magazine=[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]]}}</ref> An kafa kamfanin a cikin 2007 ta [[Trip Adler]], [[Jared Friedman]], da [[Tikhon Bernstam]], kuma yana da hedikwata a [[San Francisco]], California. Tony Grimmnck ya karbi mukamin Shugaba a cikin 2024. ==Tarihi== [[File:Scribd logo.svg|thumb|Previous logo]] ==Kafa (2007-2013)=== Scribd ya fara azaman rukunin yanar gizo don ɗaukar nauyi da raba takardu. <ref name="lifehacker1"/> Yayin a [[Harvard]], [[Trip Adler]] an yi wahayi zuwa ga fara Scribd bayan koyo game da dogon tsari da ake buƙata don buga takaddun ilimi. <ref name="krasny">{{cite mujallar |url=http://www.inc.com/jill-krasny/35-under-35-scribd-is-the-library-of-the-future.html |title=Scribd: Laburare na gaba? |farko=Jill |karshe=Krasny |mujallar=Inc. |kwanan wata=June 24, 2014 }}</ref> Mahaifinsa, likita a Stanford, an gaya masa cewa zai ɗauki watanni 18 kafin a buga binciken binciken likitansa.<ref name="krasny"/> Adler yana son ƙirƙirar hanya mai sauƙi don bugawa da raba abubuwan da aka rubuta a kan layi. <ref>{{cite labarai |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/ss/10/04/0419_best_young_tech_entrepreneurs/2.htm |title=Mafi kyawun Matasa Tech 'Yan Kasuwa 2010 | Mawallafi=Bloomberg | Samun-kwanaki= Maris 11 , 2017 | tarihin tarihin = Maris 6, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160306230421 htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Ya haɗu da Scribd tare da [[Jared Friedman]] kuma ya halarci aji na farko na [[Y Combinator (kamfanin) | Y Combinator]] a lokacin rani na 2006. <ref>{{cite labarai |url=http://y-combinator.silk.co/page/Scribd |title=Scribd |publisher=Y Combinator |access-date=Yuli 14, 2015 |archive-date=Agusta 7 , 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807075309/http://y-combinator.silk.co/page/Scribd |url-status=live }}</ref> A can, Scribd ya sami $120,000 na farko a cikin tallafin iri sannan kuma ya ƙaddamar a cikin wani gida na San Francisco a cikin Maris 2007. <ref name="Cleverism1">{{cite news |date=December 10, 2014 |title=Scribd & # 124; Tattaunawa tare da Co-kafa & Shugaba - Tafiya Adler |url=http://www.cleverism.com/scribd-interview-co-founder-ceo-trip-adler/ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924205858/https://www.cleverism.com/scribd-interview-co-founder-ceo-trip-adler/ |publisher=Cleverism |access-date=September 24, 2024 |archive-date=September 24, 2024 }}</ref> Ana kiran Scribd "[YouTube]] don takardu", yana bawa kowa damar buga kansa akan rukunin yanar gizon ta amfani da mai karanta daftarin aiki. <ref name="krasny"/> Mai karanta daftarin aiki yana juya [[PDF]] s, [[Microsoft Word|Word]] daftarorin aiki, da [[PowerPoint]] zuwa takaddun Yanar gizo waɗanda za a iya rabawa akan kowane gidan yanar gizon da ke ba da damar haɗawa. <ref name="macmillan2009">{{cite news | url = http://blogs.reuters.com/mediafile/2009/10/07/from-the-desk-of-your-news-outlet-and-scribd%20/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091010034707/http://blogs.reuters.com/mediafile/2009/10/07/from-the-desk-of-your-labarai- | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2009-10-10 | take = Daga teburin [katin labaran ku] da Scribd | farko = Robert | ƙarshe = MacMillan | aiki = [[Reuters] ] | kwanan wata = Oktoba 7, 2009 | ranar shiga = Satumba 3, 2017 | title = Kwafin ajiya | access-date = 2024-09-27 }}</ref> Hakanan ya kasance ɗayan manyan shafukan sada zumunta 20 a cewar Comscore. <ref name="schonfeld2008"/> A cikin Yuni 2009, Scribd ya ƙaddamar da Scribd Store, yana bawa marubuta damar lodawa da siyar da kwafin dijital na aikinsu akan layi. <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/18/technology/start-ups/18download.html |title=Shafin Yana Bada Marubuta Sayar da Kwafin Dijital |farko=Brad |na karshe = Dutse | kwanan wata = Mayu 17, 2009 | jarida = New York Times | shiga-kwanaki = Oktoba 11, 2010 | tarihin-kwanaki = Satumba 7, 2015 |archive- url=https://web.archive.org/web /20150907200435/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/18/technology/start-ups/18download.html?_r=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>. A wannan watan, rukunin yanar gizon ya haɗu da [[Simon & Schuster]] don siyar da littattafan e-littattafai akan Scribd.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribd#cite_note-11</ref>. Yarjejeniyar ta samar da bugu na dijital na lakabi 5,000 don siye akan Scribd, gami da littattafai daga manyan marubuta kamar [[Stephen King]], [Dan Brown]], da [[Mary Higgins Clark]]. dlyjp1zz3j0dowohbowtipdmokzt4im Nathalie Kovanko 0 92107 967788 577150 2026-10-15T08:17:30Z Ammarpad 4826 /* Bayanan da aka ambata */ 967788 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Nathalie Kovanko</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Кованько_Наталья_Ивановна,актр.(отк.27)_1916-1918гг_0e35221b12_b.jpg|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline">Natalia Ivanovna Kowanko</div>13 Satumba 1899<br /><br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Yalta]], [[Crimea]], [[Russian Empire|Daular Rasha]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ya mutu | class="infobox-data" |23 Mayu 1967 <span style="display:none">(1967-05-23)</span> (shekaru 67) &nbsp;<br /><div class="deathplace" style="display:inline">[[Kiev]], [[Ukrainian SSR|SSR ta Ukraine]], [[Soviet Union|Tarayyar Soviet]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aiki | class="infobox-data role" |'Yar wasan kwaikwayo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Shekaru masu aiki&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |1917-1934 (fim) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Matar aure | class="infobox-data" |[[Victor Tourjansky]] |} '''Nathalie Ivanovna Kovanko''' (Ukrainian; 13 Satumba 1899 - 23 Mayu 1967) 'yar fim din Rasha ce ta Zamanin shiru wacce ta yi aiki a Faransa.[1] An haife ta Natalia Ivanovna Kovanko a Crimea, sannan wani ɓangare na Daular Rasha, a cikin 1919 ta yi hijira zuwa Faransa bayan Juyin Juya Halin Rasha. Ta auri Viktor Tourjansky, abokin gudun hijira. Daga baya ta koma zama a USSR, inda ta mutu a shekarar 1967. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Mace mai rufe fuska'' (1924) * Yarima Charming (1925) * ''Michel Strogoff'' (1926) * Volga a cikin Wutar (1934) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Bayanan littattafai == * Michelangelo Capua. ''Anatole Litvak: Rayuwa da Fim''. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|0468350}} {{Authority control}} 653ba8h2vzmnnetwy2cm2yh01d5r8g0 Mahasu Pahari 0 93432 967758 588540 2026-10-15T03:22:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mahasu Pahari''' (Takri) yare ne na Yammacin Pahari (Himachali, Takri) yare ɗaya ne na yaren Himachali da ake magana a [[Himachal Pradesh]] . An kuma san shi da '''Mahasui''' ko '''Mahasuvi''' . Yawan mutanen da ke magana kusan 1,000,000 ne (2001). Ana yawan magana da shi a cikin gundumomin Himachal Pradesh, Shimla (Simla) da Solan. Ya kamata a san cewa Shimla da Solan sun kasance sassan tsohuwar gundumar Mahasu. Jihar Himachal Pradesh a ranar 1 ga Satumban shekarar 1972 ta sake tsara gundumomin da suka rushe gundumar Mahasu. Gundumar Solan an sassaƙa ta ne daga Solan da Arki tehsils na gundumar Mahasu da tehsils ta Kandaghat da Nalagarh na gundumar Shimla ta Punjab. == Yankin == [[Fayil:Mahasuvi_Pahari_sample.webm|thumb|320x320px|Misali ga yaren Rohruri na harshen Mahasuvi]] Dangane da wurare daban-daban, yaren ya haɓaka yare da yawa. Ƙananan Mahasu Pahari (Baghati, Baghliani, Kiunthali), Babban Mahasu Pahri (Rampuri, Rohruri, Shimla Siraji, Sodochi). Wasu sun fahimci nau'ikan Kiunthali iri-iri, kuma halin da suke ciki game da shi yana da kyau. Ana kuma kiran Rampuri Kochi; ana kiran Rohruri Soracholi; kuma an kuma san Sodochi da Kumharsaini ko Kotgarh bayan yankunan Kumarsain da Kotgarh na Gundumar Shimla bi da bi.<ref name="India1961">{{Cite journal |last=Mallikarjun |first=B. |date=2002-08-02 |title=Mother tongues of India according to the 1961 census |url=http://www.languageinindia.com/aug2002/indianmothertongues1961aug2002.html |journal=Language in India |volume=2 |access-date=2023-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207025838/http://languageinindia.com/aug2002/indianmothertongues1961aug2002.html |archive-date=2015-02-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Fahimtar tsakanin yaruka yana sama da 85%. Kyakkyawan ƙamus shine 74%-82% tare da yaruka na sama, da 74%-95% tare da ƙananan yaruka. Ana amfani da yaren a gida da kuma dalilai na addini. Ana kuma fahimtarsa kuma ana magana da shi daga mutanen da ke da shekaru masu mahimmanci. Masu ilimi sun fi ƙwarewa a cikin [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] da Ingilishi. An ɗauke shi da haɗari sosai saboda yawan mutanen da ke magana da shi koyaushe yana raguwa. Yana da alaƙa da Sirmauri da Jaunsari. == Rubutun == Rubutun asalin yaren shine nau'ikan Takri. Akwai wasu rubuce-rubucen rubuce-daban na yaren a cikin Rubutun Takri da Rubutun Nastaliq amma a zamanin yau ana kuma amfani da Rubutun Devanagari. [[Fayil:Kiunthali.png|alt=|center|thumb|Misali a Kochi da aka yi magana a kusa da Rampur Bushahr]] == Fasahar sauti == === Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" | !Labari !Dental !Alveolar !Retroflex !Bayan al'ada/Fadar<br />Palatal !Velar !Gishiri |- ! rowspan="4" |Plosive / Affricate<br />Rashin lafiya !<small>ba tare da murya ba</small> |p |t |ts |Sanya |tʃ |k | |- !<small>aspriated</small> |ph |th |tsh |Sanya | (tʃh) |kh | |- !<small>murya</small> |b |d |dz |Abin da ya faru |dʒ |ɡ | |- !<small>numfashi</small> |Bɦ |dɦ | | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Fricative !<small>ba tare da murya ba</small> | | |s | |ʃ | | rowspan="2" |Hakan ya sa |- !<small>murya</small> | | |z | | (Ka duba hoton da ke shafin nan.) | |- ! colspan="2" |Hanci |m | |n |Ƙarshen | | (ŋ) | |- ! colspan="2" |Hanyar gefen | | |l |Sanya | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Trill / Tap | | |r |Sanya | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Kusanci |Bayyanawa | | | | (j) | (w) | |} * Sauti [tsh bɦ dɦ] ba a jin sautin kawai tsakanin yaruka. * Ana jin allophones na /b d ɡ/ a matsayin [bī d ɡ̊] a cikin matsayi na ƙarshe. * [tʃh] ya fito ne daga kalmomin aro na Hindi. * [ʒ] ana iya jin sa a matsayin allophone na /dʒ/ . * [ŋ] ana jin sautin hanci ya faru kafin velar ya tsaya. * /ɦ/ kuma ana iya jin sa a matsayin [h] mara murya tsakanin yaruka. * [j, w] galibi ana jin su bayan wasula. [w] kuma na iya zama allophone na /ʋ/ . === Sautin sautin === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! !A gaba !Tsakiya !Komawa |- align="center" !Kusa |i iː | |u uː |- !Tsakanin |da kumaː | (ə) |o oː |- !Bude-tsakiya |ɛ | |ɔː |- align="center" !Bude | | |An tabbatar da shi: |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Sautin hanci ! rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |A gaba ! colspan="2" |Komawa |- !<small>gajeren lokaci</small> !<small>Tsawon Lokaci</small> |- align="center" !Kusa |Ya kasance |A cikin su |A cikin wannan: |- !Tsakanin |Sai dai |Yankin |õː |- !Bude-tsakiya | |O.A. |ɔ̃ː |- align="center" !Bude | |Bayyanawa |A bayyane yake: |} * Wani ɗan gajeren /u/ na iya samun allophone na sauti na kusa [ʊ]. * [ə] galibi ana jin sa a matsayin allophone na /ɑ/ . /ɑ/ kuma ana iya jin sautin tsakiya a matsayin sautin [ʌ]. == Matsayi == Ana kiran yaren [[Pahari]] ko Himachali . Harshen ba shi da matsayin hukuma kuma an rubuta shi azaman yaren Hindi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Language Census |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf}}</ref> A cewar Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNESCO), yaren yana cikin haɗari, watau yawancin yaran Mahasui ba sa koyon Mahasui a matsayin yarensu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Endangered Language (Mahasui) |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered}}</ref> Tun da farko, yaren yana da goyon bayan jihar. Duk abin da ya canza tun bayan samun 'yancin kai, saboda son kai ga Hindi da Gwamnatin ƙasar Indiya ta yi. Bukatar hada 'Pahari (Himachali) ' a karkashin Shirin Takwas na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ya kamata ya wakilci harsunan Pahari da yawa na Himachal Pradesh, an yi shi ne a cikin shekara ta 2010 ta Vidhan Sabha ta jihar. Babu kuma wani ci gaba mai kyau a kan wannan al'amari tun daga wannan lokacin ko da ƙananan kungiyoyi ke ƙoƙari su adana harshe kuma su bukaci shi. Saboda sha'awar siyasa, a halin yanzu ana yin rikodin yaren a matsayin yaren Hindi, koda kuwa yana da rashin fahimta tare da shi. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Twitter|KansaThali/status/1379743372039102465 Grierson's language divisions of Shimla}} * Western Pahari languagesa kanFacebook * {{YouTube|xs7KiMq847E|A brief history of Pahari Languages}} * Taswirar harsunan Pahari na Yamma daga farkon karni na 20 na Grierson Linguistic Survey of IndiaBinciken Harshe na Indiya mh8wt9202cpb5put4kpd6abj83vn3cp Manufofin canjin yanayi na California 0 109673 967802 815975 2026-10-15T09:41:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}} A matsayin jihar da ta fi yawan jama'a a Amurka, <ref>{{Cite web |title=US States – Ranked by Population 2023 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/states |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref> manufofin yanayi na California suna tasiri ga sauyin yanayi na duniya da [[Manufofin canjin yanayi na Amurka|Manufofin yanayi na tarayya]]. Dangane da ra'ayoyin masana kimiyya na yanayi, jihar California ta ci gaba da wuce dokar rage fitarwa. [[California]] ta dauki matakai na doka da fatan rage haɗarin yiwuwar tasirin [[Canjin yanayi a California]] ta hanyar karfafawa da tsare-tsare don motoci masu tsabta, makamashi mai sabuntawa, da [[Gurbatar yanayi|Kula da gurɓataccen yanayi]] a masana'antu. A California, an haɓaka manufofin canjin yanayi ta bangarorin zartarwa da majalisa na gwamnatin jihar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bang |first=Guri |last2=Victor |first2=David G. |last3=Andresen |first3=Steinar |date=August 2017 |title=California's Cap-and-Trade System: Diffusion and Lessons |url=https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00413 |journal=Global Environmental Politics |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=12–30 |doi=10.1162/glep_a_00413 |issn=1526-3800 |s2cid=57559557 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Yawancin manufofi sun yi niyya musamman ga hayakin gas mai guba, wanda aka nuna don haɓaka yanayin zafi na duniya da karkatar da yanayin halitta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=ORD |date=2017-11-02 |title=Greenhouse Gases |url=https://www.epa.gov/report-environment/greenhouse-gases |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun dokokin yanayi a California shine Dokar Majalisar 32. Wannan muhimmin doka ya buƙaci 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a cikin tattalin arzikin California don rage hayakin gas zuwa matakan 1990 ta hanyar 2020.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite journal |last=Mastrandrea |first=Michael D. |last2=Inman |first2=Mason |last3=Cullenward |first3=Danny |date=2020-03-01 |title=Assessing California's progress toward its 2020 greenhouse gas emissions limit |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421519308018 |journal=Energy Policy |language=en |volume=138 |pages=111219 |bibcode=2020EnPol.13811219M |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111219 |issn=0301-4215 |s2cid=214213743 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kudin ya kuma nada Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jirgin Sama ta California (CARB) don tsara manufofi da hanyoyin don cimma burin.<ref name="auto3" /> CARB daga ƙarshe ta aiwatar da shirin ƙwanƙwasawa da kasuwanci na jihar, wani nau'in cinikin hayaki, irin wannan shirin na farko a Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=California Cap and Trade |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/california-cap-and-trade/ |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=Center for Climate and Energy Solutions}}</ref> California ta sami damar kaiwa ga ƙaddamar da hayaki shekaru huɗu kafin jadawalin, a cikin 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cap-and-Trade Program {{!}} California Air Resources Board |url=https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/cap-and-trade-program/about |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=ww2.arb.ca.gov |archive-date=2023-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315190441/https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/cap-and-trade-program/about |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:2022_Wind_and_solar_energy_generation_leaders_among_U.S._states_-_variable_width_bar_chart_-_IEA_data.svg|thumb|Kodayake Texas da California suna samar da mafi yawan iska + hasken rana na dukkan jihohi, wasu jihohi daban-daban suna samar da karin iska + haskakawar rana ''ga kowane mutum''.<ref name="InsideClimateNews_20230309">{{Cite web |last=Gearino |first=Dan |date=9 March 2023 |title=One State Generates Much, Much More Renewable Energy Than Any Other, and It's Not California / Here's a state-by-state tally of the leaders and laggards for wind, solar and other renewable energy in 2022. |url=https://insideclimatenews.org/news/09032023/inside-clean-energy-texas-renewables/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309165347/https://insideclimatenews.org/news/09032023/inside-clean-energy-texas-renewables/ |archive-date=9 March 2023 |publisher=Inside Climate News}} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230309165418im_/https://insideclimatenews.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/U.S.RenewablesChartICE01-700px.png archive of chart]) Gearino cites IEA as data source, crediting Paul Horn for a related bar chart. ● Population data from {{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Table 2: Resident Population for the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/apportionment/apportionment-2020-table02.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306152218/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/apportionment/apportionment-2020-table02.pdf |archive-date=6 March 2023 |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>]] California (kasa ta biyar mafi girma a tattalin arziki a duniya) an dade ana ganin ta a matsayin majagaba na matakin jiha a al'amuran muhalli da suka shafi dumamar yanayi kuma ta nuna wasu jagoranci a cikin shekaru hudu da suka gabata [yaushe?]. A ranar 22 ga Yuli, 2002, Gwamna Gray Davis ya amince da AB 1493, lissafin da ke jagorantar Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Jiragen Sama ta California don haɓaka ƙa'idodi don cimma matsakaicin yuwuwar rage yuwuwar rage yawan iskar gas daga motoci. Yanzu dokar dumamar yanayi ta California, ta bukaci masu kera motoci su rage fitar da hayaki da kashi 30 cikin 100 nan da shekarar 2016. Duk da cewa masu kera motoci sun kalubalanci ta a kotuna, goyon bayan dokar na karuwa yayin da wasu jihohi suka amince da irin wannan doka. A ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2002, Gwamna Davis ya amince da wata doka da ke buƙatar Rijistar Ayyukan Yanayi ta California don ɗaukar matakai da ƙa'idodi don ba da rahoton ayyuka da kuma rarraba carbon a cikin gandun daji. (SB 812. Gwamna Davis ya amince da shi a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2002) California ta kira ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta haɗin gwiwa, wanda aka kafa a Hukumar Makamashi ta California, don haɓaka waɗannan hanyoyin da ka'idoji. A halin yanzu ma'aikata suna neman shigarwa akan tarin tambayoyin fasaha. A watan Yunin shekara ta 2005, Gwamna [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] ya sanya hannu kan umarnin zartarwa yana kira ga raguwa a cikin hayakin gas na jihar: don rage hayakin GHG zuwa matakan 2000 nan da shekara ta 2010, don rage hayaki na GHG har zuwa matakan 1990 nan da shekara, don rage hayar GHG til kashi 80 cikin dari a ƙasa da matakan 1990 nan.<ref name="S-3-05">{{Cite web |last=Schwarzenegger, Arnold |author-link=Arnold Schwarzenegger |date=June 1, 2005 |title=Executive Order S-3-05 |url=http://static1.squarespace.com/static/549885d4e4b0ba0bff5dc695/t/54d7f1e0e4b0f0798cee3010/1423438304744/California+Executive+Order+S-3-05+(June+2005).pdf |access-date=6 December 2018 |publisher=Governor of California}}</ref> Matakan da za su cimma wadannan manufofi sun hada da ka'idojin fitar da hayaki na mota, da kuma bukatun makamashi mai sabuntawa a matsayin rabo na samar da wutar lantarki. Kungiyar Masana Kimiyya da ke Damuwa ta lissafa cewa nan da shekarar 2020, direbobi za su adana dala biliyan 26 a kowace shekara idan aka aiwatar da ka'idodin motoci na California a cikin ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fact Sheet: Climate Policy in the States: California |url=http://www.climatechoices.org/CA_Policies_Fact_Sheet.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218033501/http://www.climatechoices.org/CA_Policies_Fact_Sheet.pdf |archive-date=2006-02-18 |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=[[Union of Concerned Scientists]]}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, Shekara ta 200<sub>6</sub>, Schwarzenegger da Majalisar Dokokin California sun cimma yarjejeniya kan AB32, [[Dokar Magance Dumamar Duniya ta 2006|Dokar Maganin Warming na Duniya]]. Ya sanya hannu kan lissafin a cikin doka a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2006, yana cewa, "Dole ne kawai mu yi duk abin da za mu iya don rage yawan dumamar duniya kafin ya makara... Kimiyya ta bayyana. Tattaunawar dumamar duniya ta ƙare. " Dokar ta rufe fitar da iskar gas a California a matakan 1990 zuwa 2020, kuma ta kafa tsarin bayar da rahoto na tilas don saka idanu kan bin doka, wakiltar shirin farko da za a iya aiwatar da shi a duk fadin Amurka don rufe duk fitar da GHG daga manyan masana'antu wanda ya haɗa da azabtarwa don rashin bin doka. Ya buƙaci Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jirgin Sama ta Jiha ta kafa shirin don bayar da rahoto game da fitar da iskar gas a duk fadin jihar da kuma saka idanu da aiwatar da bin wannan shirin, ya ba da izini ga hukumar jihar don karɓar hanyoyin bin kasuwa ciki har da kai-da-kasuwanci, kuma ya ba da damar tsawaita shekara guda na manufofi a ƙarƙashin yanayi na musamman. Ya zuwa yanzu, an ba da shawarar hanyoyin sassauƙa a cikin nau'ikan aikin da aka tsara don manyan nau'ikan ayyukan guda biyar. aikin carbon zai haifar da canji ta hanyar nuna cewa ya rage carbon dioxide da iskar gas. Nau'ikan aikin sun haɗa da: sarrafa turare, gandun daji, makamashi na gini, SF6, da kuma kama iskar gas. Bugu da ƙari, a ranar 26 ga watan Satumba Gwamna Schwarzenegger ya sanya hannu kan SB 107, wanda ke buƙatar manyan kamfanoni uku na California - Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison, da San Diego Gas &amp;amp; Electric - don samar da akalla 20% na wutar lantarki ta amfani da hanyoyin sabuntawa ta 2010. Wannan ya rage lokacin da Gwamna Davis ya kafa a watan Satumbar 2002 don kara yawan tallace-tallace na makamashi mai sabuntawa 1% a kowace shekara zuwa 20% ta Shekarar 2017. Gwamna Schwarzenegger ya kuma sanar da cewa zai nemi yin aiki tare da Firayim Minista [[Tony Blair]] na Burtaniya, da sauran kokarin kasa da kasa don magance dumamar duniya, ba tare da gwamnatin tarayya ba. == Bayani game da doka == ''Dubi Dokokin Zartarwa na Yanayi na California don cikakken bayani game da umarnin zartarwa da gwamnonin California suka sanya hannu wanda ke mai da hankali kan canjin yanayi.'' 'Yan majalisa na California suna daga cikin shugabannin Amurka wajen aiwatar da manufofin canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-28 |title=California's Continuing Climate Leadership |url=https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2020/09/28/californias-continuing-climate-leadership/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=State of the Planet |language=en}}</ref> Farawa a farkon 2000s, gwamnonin California sun sanya hannu kan umarni da yawa na zartarwa da suka mayar da hankali kan canjin yanayi. Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California ta zartar da takardun kudi da yawa don aiwatar da canje-canje da ka'idojin da suka zama dole don cimma burin da aka tsara a cikin waɗannan umarnin zartarwa. Wadannan manufofi suna magance batutuwan a cikin ma'aunin hayaki, sufuri, sharar gida, da makamashi a California. Wadannan sune jerin sanannun dokokin canjin yanayi a cikin tsari na lokaci: * SB 1771 (2000) * SB 527 (2001) * SB 812 (2002) * AB 1493 (2002) * AB 1007 (2005) * AB 32 (2006) * SB 375 (2008) * SB 535 (2012) * SB 1204 (2014) * SB 1275 (2014) * SB 1383 (2016) == Ma'aunin fitarwa == Canjin yanayi yana m<sup>o</sup> ne ta hanyar hanzarta yawan hayakin gas da ake sanyawa cikin yanayi ta hanyar aikin ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate change widespread, rapid, and intensifying – IPCC |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2021/08/09/ar6-wg1-20210809-pr/ |access-date=2022-05-12}}</ref> Don yaki da canjin yanayi, gwamnatocin ƙasa da jihohi a duniya suna gwagwarmaya don sarrafa matakan fitar da su. Kafa burin rage fitar da hayaki da kuma amfani da ingantaccen fasahar ma'auni na hayaki ya zama dole don rage hayaki da kiyaye bin diddigin ci gaba a duk lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=2015-12-09 |title=Managing Air Quality – Emissions Measurement |url=https://www.epa.gov/air-quality-management-process/managing-air-quality-emissions-measurement |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Dangane da rahoton IPCC na Shekarar 2022, duniya tana buƙatar rage hayakin ta a rabi nan da shekara ta 2030 don iyakance dumama zuwa 1.5o Celsius.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The evidence is clear: the time for action is now. We can halve emissions by 2030. – IPCC |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |access-date=2022-05-12}}</ref> Majalisar dokoki ta California tana mai da hankali ga muhimmancin rage hayaki tun daga shekarun 2000. === SB 1771 (a shekarar 2000) === Wannan lissafin ya kirkiro California Climate Action Registry, duk da haka wannan kungiyar ta rufe a hukumance a watan Disamba na 2010 kuma tana ƙarfafa membobinta su ba da rahoton fitar da su ga Climate Registry a maimakon haka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Name |url=http://www.caclimateregistry.org/ |access-date=2020-08-24 |website=www.caclimateregistry.org |language=en-US}}</ref> === SB 527 (A shekarar 2001) === An amince da SB 527 a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2001, yana ba da izini ga Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jirgin Sama ta California don sanya hukuncin gudanarwa maimakon hukuncin farar hula don keta ka'idojin [[Matsayin fitar da gurbatacciyar iska|Kula da gurɓataccen iska]], tare da iyaka na 10,000 a kowace rana da jimlar 100,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill Text – SB-527 Air pollution. |url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=200120020SB527 |access-date=2020-08-24 |website=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov}}</ref> Kafin a kafa wannan lissafin, Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jirgin Sama ta California dole ne ta dogara da aiwatar da hukuncin da suka yi na keta ka'idojin gurɓata iska ta hanyar matakin da Babban Lauyan ya dauka, yanzu za su sami ikon tantancewa da aiwatar da hukunci na gudanarwa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bill Analysis |url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml |access-date=2020-08-24 |website=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov}}</ref> Ana buƙatar Registry na Ayyukan Yanayi na California don yin rikodin raguwar fitar da iskar gas da hukumomin California suka yi bayan 1990, amma yawancin ayyukanta sun canza tare da wucewar SB 527 ciki har da; tabbatar da jama'a za su iya yin sharhi a kan tarurrukan jirgi, suna buƙatar ladabi don saka idanu da bayar da rahoton fitarwa don daidaitawa da ladabi na Hukumar Makamashi ta California, da kuma cire abin da ake buƙata don bayar da rahoton hayaki a duk ƙasar don mayar da hankali kan hayaki a cikin jihar.<ref name=":0" /> === AB 32 (A shekarata 2006) === A watan Satumbar shekara ta 2006, Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California ta zartar da AB 32, '''[[Dokar Magance Dumamar Duniya ta 2006|Dokar Maganin Warming na Duniya ta 2006]]''' tare da burin rage hayakin gas na California (1.4% na hayakin duniya a shekara ta 2004) zuwa matakan hayakin 1990 ta hanyar 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AB 32 Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 {{!}} California Air Resources Board |url=https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/ab-32-global-warming-solutions-act-2006 |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=ww2.arb.ca.gov}}</ref> Hakki na aiwatarwa, tilasta, da saka idanu kan ci gaba don cimma burin fitarwa an sanya shi a kan Hukumar Kula da Jirgin Sama ta California (CARB). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill Analysis |url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov}}</ref> Saboda sa hannun kungiyoyin shari'ar muhalli, ba a ba da umarni da tsarin fitar da kaya da kasuwanci ba.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Sze |first=Julie |last2=Gambirazzio |first2=Gerardo |last3=Karner |first3=Alex |last4=Rowan |first4=Dana |last5=London |first5=Jonathan |last6=Niemeier |first6=Deb |date=2009 |title=Best in Show? Climate and Environmental Justice Policy in California |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/env.2009.0028 |journal=Environmental Justice |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=179–184 |doi=10.1089/env.2009.0028 |issn=1939-4071 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Masu goyon bayan adalci na muhalli suna ba da shawara don sauya yanayin tarihi na gurɓataccen zubar a kan BIPOC, ƙananan al'ummomin Hispanic da Latino.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Nathanael |date=2020-10-19 |title=The biggest fight over cap and trade isn't about what you think it is |url=https://grist.org/climate/the-biggest-fight-over-cap-and-trade-isnt-about-what-you-think-it-is/ |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=Grist |language=en-us}}</ref> Al'ummomin launi sun fi dacewa da rayuwa kusa da manyan masu gurɓata, waɗanda ke fitar da GHGs da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin iska da ke kewaye.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tessum |first=Christopher W. |last2=Apte |first2=Joshua S. |last3=Goodkind |first3=Andrew L. |last4=Muller |first4=Nicholas Z. |last5=Mullins |first5=Kimberley A. |last6=Paolella |first6=David A. |last7=Polasky |first7=Stephen |last8=Springer |first8=Nathaniel P. |last9=Thakrar |first9=Sumil K. |last10=Marshall |first10=Julian D. |last11=Hill |first11=Jason D. |date=2019-03-26 |title=Inequity in consumption of goods and services adds to racial–ethnic disparities in air pollution exposure |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=116 |issue=13 |pages=6001–6006 |bibcode=2019PNAS..116.6001T |doi=10.1073/pnas.1818859116 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=6442600 |pmid=30858319 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Masu ba da shawara game da adalci na muhalli suna tabbatar da cewa shirin cap-and-trade ba ya buƙatar isasshen kariya ga al'ummomin da aka ware a tarihi.<ref name="latimes.com">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-22 |title=Is California's cap-and-trade program hurting the environment more than helping it? |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-03-22/what-has-california-cap-and-trade-accomplished |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Maimakon haka, yana bawa shugabannin damar sassauci don yin aiki a kan batun duniya na canjin yanayi ba tare da magance batun yankin na gurɓata iska ba.<ref name="latimes.com" />   Saboda wadannan damuwa, yanke shawara game da wane tsarin zai fi tasiri an bar shi ga CARB, tare da bita da bita a kowace shekara biyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moghavem |first=Nuriel |date=2018-02-21 |title=The California Cap-and-Trade Program: A Model Policy for Promoting Environmental Justice Using Accountability for Reasonableness |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2017.1418935 |journal=The American Journal of Bioethics |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=57–59 |doi=10.1080/15265161.2017.1418935 |issn=1526-5161 |pmid=29466130 |s2cid=3488855 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wannan ya ba CARB isasshen sassauci na shirye-shirye don samun nasarar cika umarnin rage fitarwa. An cimma burin fitar da hayaki a cikin 2016, shekaru hudu kafin lokacin da aka ƙayyade na 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 California Green Innovation Index {{!}} Next 10 |url=https://www.next10.org/publications/2019-gii |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=www.next10.org}}</ref> Don cimma burin rage fitarwa, Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jirgin Sama ta California ta karɓi dokoki iri-iri ciki har da tsare-tsaren sufuri mai kyau, rage sharar gida, shirin cap-and-trade, amfani da sabuwar fasahar inganta makamashi da fadada albarkatun makamashi mai sabuntawa.<ref name="auto1"/> Gas din da AB 32 ke niyya sun hada da: * [[Carbon dioxide]] * [[Methane]] * Nitrous oxide * Hydrofluorocarbons * Perfluorocarbons * Sulfur hexafluoride * Nitrogen trifluoride (ba a haɗa shi a cikin shirin binciken AB na asali ba amma daga baya aka jera shi a matsayin iskar gas ta hanyar doka) <ref name="auto1"/> An sabunta burin fitar da hayaki na AB 32 zuwa manufa mai tsauri bayan Dokar Zartarwa B-16-12 da B-30-15. Sabili da haka, sabuntawa na Shirin Scoping na AB 32 suna ci gaba da gabatar da sabbin matakai don rage hayakin gas har ma da ƙari.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=[[California Air Resources Board]] |date= |title=Assembly Bill 32 – California Global Warming Solutions Act |url=https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm |access-date=2018-11-18 |website=www.arb.ca.gov |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ana tattara kudade don aiwatar da AB 32 daga masu fitar da iskar gas. Wannan ya haɗa da kusan masu biyan kuɗi 250 daga masu gurɓata kamar su tashoshin wutar lantarki, masu tsabtace mai, shuke-shuke na siminti, da sauran manyan masana'antu. Bugu da kari, kudaden shiga da aka tattara daga izinin siyarwa ga masu fitar da iskar gas ta hanyar tsarin cap-and-trade ana amfani da su don tallafawa shirye-shirye a karkashin AB 32.<ref name="auto1"/> ==== Shirin Bincike ==== Ci gaban shirin kewayawa shine babban abin da ake buƙata na [[Dokar Magance Dumamar Duniya ta 2006|AB 32]], wanda shine lissafin da ke kira ga California don rage hayakin gas zuwa matakan 1990 nan da shekarar 2020. Shirin da ake buƙata an yi niyya ne don tsara hanyar da California za ta ɗauka don rage hayakin gas. Cikakken tsarin ya haɗa da sabbin matakan da ke akwai a kusan kowane bangare na tattalin arzikin California. Shirin farko na AB 32 ya haɗa da jerin shawarwari waɗanda za su zama doka a cikin 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Board |first=California Air Resources |title=Timeline {{!}} AB 32 Scoping Plan Activities |url=https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/timeline.htm |access-date=2018-11-18 |website=www.arb.ca.gov |language=en |archive-date=2018-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118122737/https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/timeline.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da aiwatar da shirin kai-da-kasuwanci kan hayakin carbon dioxide (wanda za a haɓaka tare da Yammacin Yanayi, don ƙirƙirar kasuwar carbon ta yanki) wanda zai buƙaci gine-gine da kayan aiki don amfani da karancin makamashi.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards Approved Computer Compliance Programs |url=https://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2016standards/2016_computer_prog_list.html |access-date=2018-11-18 |website=California Energy Commission |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118122737/https://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2016standards/2016_computer_prog_list.html |archive-date=2018-11-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, yana buƙatar kamfanonin mai don yin man fetur mai tsabta, da kayan aiki don samar da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na makamashi daga hanyoyin sabuntawa kamar iska, hasken rana da wutar lantarki kuma yana ba da shawarar fadadawa da ƙarfafa shirye-shiryen ingantaccen makamashi na yanzu. California's Renewable Portfolio Standard da aka kirkira a 2002 ta hanyar SB 1078, yana buƙatar masu samar da wutar lantarki su yi amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa don wani ɓangare na wutar lantarki, wanda a ƙarƙashin SB 100 ya karu zuwa 44% zuwa 2024, 52% zuwa 2027 da 60% zuwa 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2019 |title=California Climate Policy Fact Sheet: Renewables Portfolio Standard |url=https://www.law.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Fact-Sheet-RPS.pdf |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Berkeley Law, University of California. Center for Law, Energy & the Environment}}</ref> Shirin zai kuma karfafa ci gaban biranen da za a iya tafiya tare da gajeren tafiye-tafiye, jirgin ƙasa mai sauri a matsayin madadin tafiye-tarayyar iska, kuma zai buƙaci ƙarin motocin matasan don motsa kaya da mutane, biyo bayan aiwatar da dokar California Clean Car (ka'idodin Pavley). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=California's Greenhouse Gas Vehicle Emission Standards under Assembly Bill 1493 of 2002 (Pavley) |url=https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ccms/ccms.htm |access-date=2018-11-20 |website=California Air Resources Board |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128172233/https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ccms/ccms.htm |archive-date=2018-11-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> California ta kuma aiwatar da shirye-shiryen noma masu basira na yanayi ciki har da Shirin Kasa mai Lafiya, Shirin Gudanar da Manure, Shirin Kula da Yankin Aikin Gona mai dorewa, da Shirin Ingantaccen Ruwa da Ingantawa na Jiha, wanda duk suna da niyyar rage fitar da iskar gas mai ɗumi da aka samar daga aikin gona, wanda ya haɗa da kashi 8% na jimlar iskar gas da ke cikin jihohi da mafi yawan iskar nitrous oxide.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Climate Smart Agriculture |url=https://www.law.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Fact-Sheet-Climate-Smart-Ag.pdf |access-date= |website=www.law.berkeley.edu}}</ref> Bugu da kari, an aiwatar da Dokar Ka'idojin Gine-gine ta California a cikin 2009 da nufin rage kusan kashi 25% na hayakin gas na jihohi daga gine-ginen kasuwanci da na zama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CALGreen |url=https://www.dgs.ca.gov/BSC/Resources/Page-Content/Building-Standards-Commission-Resources-List-Folder/CALGreen |access-date=2020-08-25 |website=www.dgs.ca.gov}}</ref> Koyaya, waɗannan ƙa'idodin inganci suna amfani ne kawai ga sababbin gine-gine ko gyare-gyare, suna barin gine-ginen da ke akwai su kasa cimma burin rage fitarwa na AB 32.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Building Energy Efficiency |url=https://www.law.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Fact-Sheet-Building-Energy-Efficiency.pdf |access-date= |website=www.law.berkeley.edu}}</ref> Ƙarin matakai da yawa sun haɗa da cimma raguwar da ake buƙata a ƙarƙashin AB 32. Wadannan sun hada da: * Cikakken turawar shirin Million Solar Roofs. * shirin taya mai inganci wanda ke saita ka'idoji don matsin taya da sayen maye gurbin taya * Matakan ingancin makamashi da suka shafi ruwa; da * ka'idoji da yawa don rage hayaki daga manyan motoci da jiragen ruwa da aka ajiye a tashar jiragen ruwa ta California.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Board |first=California Air Resources |title=Scoping Plan {{!}} California Air Resources Board |url=https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm |access-date=2018-11-17 |website=www.arb.ca.gov |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wani muhimmin fasalin shirin binciken shi ne cewa dole ne Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jirgin Sama ta California ta sabunta shi kowane shekaru biyar. Wannan shi ne don haka California na iya ci gaba da rage hayakin gas yayin da gwamnati ta kafa ƙa'idodi masu tsauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan (kamar yadda aka gani ta Dokar Zartarwa B-16-12 wacce aka bayar a cikin 2012 kuma tana da niyyar rage hayakin 80% a ƙasa da matakan 1990 ta hanyar 2050). <ref>{{Cite web |last=California |first=State of |title=Executive order B-16-2012 – Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr. |url=https://www.gov.ca.gov/2012/03/23/news17472/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223140857/https://www.gov.ca.gov/2012/03/23/news17472/ |archive-date=December 23, 2018 |access-date=2018-11-17 |website=www.gov.ca.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ana gudanar da bita na jama'a da yawa a duk lokacin da aka gabatar da sabon shirin, don hukumar ta sami ra'ayoyi daga jama'a kafin ta amince da shirin sabuntawa.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Board |first=California Air Resources |title=Scoping Plan {{!}} California Air Resources Board |url=https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm |access-date=2018-11-20 |website=www.arb.ca.gov |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kwamitin ya amince da sabuntawa na farko ga shirin a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 2014, kuma yana gina kan shirin binciken asali ta hanyar tsara sabbin shirye-shirye da shawarwari.<ref name="auto2" /> Sabuntawar ta gano yiwuwar saka hannun jari na sabbin kudade da ke akwai a cikin fasahar carbon mai ƙarancin carbon da sauran damar ci gaba da rage fitar da iskar gas a ƙasa da matakan 1990 a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa. Wadannan matakan da aka gabatar suna mai da hankali kan manyan bangarori tara ciki har da sufuri, ruwa, makamashi, kula da sharar gida, shirin cap-and-trade, ingancin makamashi na gine-gine masu zama da wadanda ba na zama ba, da kuma filayen halitta da na noma.<ref name="auto"/> == Sufuri == A cewar EPA, sufuri shine bangaren da ke da gudummawa mafi girma ga hayakin gas na Amurka, yana fitar da kashi 27% na jimlar ƙasar. Motoci suna gudana a kan burbushin man fetur da ke ƙone injunan konewa na ciki, don haka dokokin California suna fara ƙarfafa masu amfani su saka hannun jari a cikin sufuri mai tsabta wanda ke amfani da sabuntawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=2015-12-29 |title=Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions |url=https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions |access-date=2022-05-13 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> === AB 1493 (2002) === Shi ne lissafin magaji ga AB 1058, wanda [[Gwamna]] Gray Davis ya kafa a ranar 22 ga Yuli, 2002, kuma ya ba da umarnin cewa Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jirgin [[Kasuwancin carbon da ƙididdiga|sauka]] ta California (CARB) ta haɓaka da aiwatar da iyakokin iskar gas don motocin da suka fara a cikin shekara ta 2009. Daga baya, kamar yadda AB 1493 ya ba da umarni, CARB a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2004, ta amince da [[Tsarin mulki|ka'idoji]] da ke iyakance adadin iskar gas wanda za'a iya saki daga sabbin motocin fasinjoji, SUVs da manyan motoci da aka sayar a California a cikin shekara ta 2009. Masana'antar kera motoci ta kai karar, tana mai cewa wannan hanya ce kawai ta sanya ka'idojin iskar gas a kan motoci - filin da ka'idoji na tarayya suka riga sun hana. Binciken ma'aikatan CARB ya kammala cewa sabbin dokoki za su haifar da tanadi ga masu sayen motoci ta hanyar rage farashin man fetur wanda zai fi rage farashin farko na sabbin motoci. Masu sukar suna da'awar cewa waɗannan za su yi aiki ne kawai idan aka yi raguwa mai tsanani a cikin mota da girman motoci. Ma'auni na California yana amfani da [[Matsakaicin dumamar yanayi|grams a kowace mil matsakaicin darajar CO]], wanda ke nufin cewa ana auna hayaki na iskar gas daban-daban don la'akari da tasirin su daban-daban akan canjin yanayi (watau matsakaicin 323 g / mi (200 g / km) a cikin 2009 da 205 g / mi (127 g / km), &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kotun gundumar tarayya ta yanke hukunci a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2007, cewa dokokin jihohi da na tarayya na iya kasancewa tare, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA – CENTRAL VALLEY CHRYSLER-JEEP, INC. et al., Plaintiffs, v. James GOLDSTONE, in his official capacity as Executive Officer of the California Air Resources Board, Defendant, THE ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS, Plaintiff-Intervenor, SIERRA CLUB, NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL, ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE, BLUE WATER NETWORK, GLOBAL EXCHANGE, AND RAINFOREST ACTION NETWORK, Defendant-Intervenors. |url=http://www.foe.org/pavley/12.12.07_Pavley_Ruling.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529090755/http://www.foe.org/pavley/12.12.07_Pavley_Ruling.pdf |archive-date=2008-05-29 |access-date= |website=[[Friends of the Earth]]}}</ref> amma a ranar 19 ga Disamba، EPA ta musanta bukatar California don yin watsi da dokar ta, tana mai cewa hayaki na cikin gida ba shi da tasiri sosai ga dumamar duniya, kuma yanayin da ke cikin California ba su da "mai tilastawa kuma na musamman" kamar yadda doka ta buƙaci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=EPA Rejects California's Greenhouse Gas Tailpipe Law |url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/dec2007/2007-12-19-04.asp |website=www.ens-newswire.com}}</ref> California ta yi niyyar kai karar EPA don tilasta sake dubawa, saboda abin da ya faru na ''Massachusetts v. EPA'', wanda ya yanke hukuncin cewa carbon dioxide mai gurɓata iska ne wanda EPA ke da ikon tsarawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Egelko |first=Bob |date=April 3, 2007 |title=Ruling helps California battle global warming / Supreme Court affirms that states can limit greenhouse gases, attorney general says |url=https://www.sfgate.com/green/article/Ruling-helps-California-battle-global-warming-2567153.php |website=SFGate}}</ref> Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, da Washington suma suna da sha'awar karɓar ƙa'idodin fitar da motoci na California. === SB 375 (2008) === Dokar Al'ummomi masu dorewa da Dokar Kare Yanayi ta 2008, wanda aka fi sani da SB 375, wanda ke buƙatar masu tsara birane su iyakance Yaduwar birane === SB 1204 (2014) === Wannan lissafin ya kirkiro shirin California Clean Truck, Bus and Off-Road Vehicle and Equipment Technology don tallafawa fasahar fitar da iska ta amfani da wasu daga cikin Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill Analysis |url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB1204 |access-date=2020-08-24 |website=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov}}</ref> === SB 1275 (2014) === Wannan lissafin ya kirkiro shirin Charge Ahead California Initiative tare da burin; sanya akalla motoci miliyan 1 masu fitar da iska da kusan fitar da iska a cikin sabis a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2023, musamman a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da isasshen kuɗi don tabbatar da cewa waɗannan motocin "zaɓin al'ada ne mai amfani".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill Analysis |url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB1275 |access-date=2020-08-24 |website=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov}}</ref> ==== Shirin Karfafa Motar Man Fetur ==== Shirin Karfafa Motar Fuel na Sauran <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Parking Incentive Programs |url=https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/10393/ |website=afdc.energy.gov}}</ref> (wanda aka taƙaita a matsayin AFVIP, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alternative Fuel Incentive Program |url=http://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/altfuels/incentives/afip/afip.htm |access-date=September 3, 2010 |publisher=ARB.ca.gov }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Fueling Alternatives) Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jirgin Sama ta California (CARB) ce ke tallafawa, wanda aka bayar a ko'ina cikin jihar California kuma Cibiyar California ta Cibiyar Kula da Makamashi mai dorewa (CCSE), wacce aka kafa tare da AB 118. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Center For Sustainability Energy |url=http://energycenter.org |access-date=September 3, 2010 |publisher=CCSE}}</ref> An ba da jimlar dala miliyan 25 don inganta amfani da samar da motocin da za su iya gudana a kan madadin man fetur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ARB Public Meeting For Allocation of $25 Million |url=http://www.arb.ca.gov/board/ma/2007/ma052407.htm |access-date=September 3, 2010 |publisher=ARB.ca.gov |archive-date=August 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817042819/http://www.arb.ca.gov/board/ma/2007/ma052407.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Irin waɗannan hanyoyin samar da makamashi sun haɗa da iskar gas da wutar lantarki ta hanyar motocin lantarki duk motocin lantarki na Plug-in (PHEV). <ref>{{Cite web |title=California Center for Sustainable Energy : Fueling Alternatives Rebate Countdown<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.energycenter.org/ContentPage.asp?ContentID=499&SectionID=530&SectionTarget=473 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531070350/http://www.energycenter.org/ContentPage.asp?ContentID=499&SectionID=530&SectionTarget=473 |archive-date=May 31, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=California Center for Sustainable Energy : Fueling Alternatives<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.energycenter.org/ContentPage.asp?ContentID=473&SectionID=508 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703123857/http://www.energycenter.org/ContentPage.asp?ContentID=473&SectionID=508 |archive-date=July 3, 2008}}</ref> ==== Cibiyar Bincike ta PHEV ==== An ƙaddamar da Cibiyar Bincike ta PHEV tare da kudade daga Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jirgin Sama ta California. Fueling Alternatives sun hada da, a tsakanin wasu, Motocin Wutar Lantarki na Duniya, Vectrix da motocin ZAP. An kara motar lantarki ta Tesla Roadster ta 2008 da ZENN ta 2008 a cikin jerin motocin da suka cancanci sakewa a karkashin Fueling Alternatives .[13] ==== Alamar sabbin motoci don sayarwa ==== Tun daga watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, duk sabbin motocin da aka siyar a California an buƙaci a lakafta su tare da takardar taga ta California Air Resources Board wanda ke nuna duka Smog Score da Global Warming Score. Sakamakon yana kan sikelin 1-10, tare da 5 kasancewa matsakaici kuma tare da 10 kasancewa mafi kyau (watau, fitar da mafi ƙarancin carbon dioxide). Bayanai sun fito ne daga Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka. == Rashin da aka yi == === SB 812 (2002) === An zartar da SB 812 a cikin Shekara ta 2014 yana buƙatar canje-canje ga [[California Department of Toxic Substances Control|Ma'aikatar Kula da Magunguna]] masu guba ta ba da izinin izini don wuraren sharar gida masu haɗari ciki har da; yana buƙatar masu mallakar kayan aiki masu haɗari su gabatar da aikace-aikacen Sashe na A da Sashe na B don sabunta izini aƙalla shekaru 2 kafin ranar ƙarewa na yanzu maimakon watanni 6 kawai, kuma yana buƙatar mai mallakar kayan aikin sharar gida mai haɗari ya gabatar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun farashi da ke da ke da alaƙa da aikin gyara don sharar gida a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill Analysis |url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB812 |access-date=2020-08-24 |website=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov}}</ref> === SB 1383 (A shekarata 2016) === SB 1383, wanda a hukumance ake kira California's Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Reduction Law, Gwamna Brown ya zartar da shi a cikin Shekara ta 2016 a matsayin ƙoƙari na rage hayakin methane da aka saki daga lalata sharar gida.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=California's Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Reduction Strategy |url=https://calrecycle.ca.gov/organics/slcp/ |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=CalRecycle Home Page |language=en}}</ref> Methane yana daya daga cikin sanannun gurɓataccen yanayi guda huɗu. Wadannan iskar gas ne wanda ke da ɗan gajeren rayuwa fiye da carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi, amma suna da damar dumama duniya fiye da carbon dioxy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) |url=https://www.ccacoalition.org/en/content/short-lived-climate-pollutants-slcps |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Climate & Clean Air Coalition |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Musamman, methane yana da ƙarfi sau 28-34 fiye da carbon dioxide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Challenge {{!}} UNECE |url=https://unece.org/challenge#:~:text=Methane%20is%20a%20powerful%20greenhouses,are%20due%20to%20human%20activities. |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=unece.org}}</ref> Sabuwar dokar ta tsara yawan zubar da sharar gida da ceton abinci. * Idan aka kwatanta da matakan a shekarar 2014, dokar ta ba da umarnin cewa dole ne a yanke zubar da sharar gida a cikin wuraren zubar da shara a rabi nan da 2020, da kuma 75% nan da 2025.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=SB 1383 Implementation |url=https://www.calcities.org/advocacy/policy-areas-and-committees/environmental-quality/sb-1383-implementation |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Default |language=en}}</ref> Maimakon ƙare a wurin zubar da shara, za a karkatar da sharar gida zuwa kayan kasuwanci ko wuraren narkewar anaerobic waɗanda za su kama methane da aka saki.<ref name=":02"/> * Don yaki da yawan abincin da ake ci wanda aka lalata a shagunan kayan masarufi da wuraren sabis na abinci, sabuwar dokar tana ba da umarnin cewa aƙalla kashi 20% na abincin da ake cinyewa za a ceto kuma a sake rarraba shi nan da shekara ta 2025.<ref name=":1" />   * Farawa a cikin 2022, ana sa ran duk yankuna za su samar da sabis na tattara sharar gida ga gidaje da kasuwanni da kuma jigilar sharar da aka tattara zuwa wuraren sharar gida.<ref name=":02" /> == Makamashi mai sabuntawa == === AB 1007 (A shekarar 2005) === Dokar Majalisar (AB) 1007, (Pavley, Babi na 371, Dokokin 2005) yana buƙatar Hukumar Makamashi ta California ta shirya shirin jihar don kara amfani da madadin man fetur a California (Shirin Man fetur). An wuce SB 535 a cikin 2012. Kudin ya buƙaci cewa kashi 25% na kudaden da aka samo daga GGRF za a ware su ga GHG rage saka hannun jari wanda ya amfana da al'ummomin da ba su da wadata.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Truong |first=Vien |date=2012 |title=California to direct clean energy funds to low-income communities |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41806659 |journal=Race Poverty & the Environment |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=29–30 |jstor=41806659}}</ref> Wani muhimmin sharadi shi ne cewa aƙalla kashi goma cikin dari na kudaden dole ne a saka hannun jari kai tsaye a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da wadata.<ref name=":4" /> An sanya alhakin ganowa da gano al'ummomin da ba su da wadata a kan CalEPA.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Truong |first=Vien |date=2014 |title=Addressing Poverty and Pollution: California's SB 535 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/hcrcl49&i=525 |journal=Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=493–530 |via=HeinOnline}}</ref> CalEPA ta kirkiro kayan aiki da ake kira [https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen CalEnviroScreen] don tsara waɗannan al'ummomin da kuma tantance wanda ya fi fama da talauci da kuma inda ya kamata a ba da gudummawa.<ref name=":5" /> A cikin 2016 an wuce AB 1550 don fadada kan SB 535 da haɓaka buƙatun saka hannun jari na farko na 25% zuwa kashi 35.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tu |first=Chelsea |last2=Marcantonio |first2=Richard |date=2016 |title=A framework for equitable investment: lessons from the effort to ensure climate investments meet the needs of underserved and overburdened communities |url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=125216480&site=ehost-live |journal=Berkeley Planning Journal |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=100–117 |via=EBSCOhost}}</ref> === SB 100 (2018) === SB 100, wanda aka fi sani da Dokar 100 Percent Clean Energy Act of 2018, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=California's 100 Percent Clean Energy Act, Part 2 |url=https://www.nwcouncil.org/news/california-s-100-percent-clean-energy-act-part-2/#:~:text=Earlier%20this%20year,%20California%20passed,carbon%20energy%20supply%20by%202045. |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=www.nwcouncil.org}}</ref> alama ce ta jajircewar California don bunkasa kayan aikin makamashi mai sabuntawa don maye gurbin makamashi na burbushin. Babban burinta guda biyu sune: * nan da shekara ta 2030, kashi 60% na duk makamashi da aka samar daga zai fito ne daga hanyoyin sabuntawa * ta hanyar 2045,100% makamashi mai sabuntawa ga dukan jihar <ref name=":2"/> Ƙarin farashin iska da fasahar hasken rana ya sa waɗannan tushe biyu su zama babban abin da ake mayar da hankali ga kayan aikin makamashi mai sabuntawa a duk faɗin California.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Renewables' power ahead to become the world's cheapest source of energy in 2020 |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/07/renewables-cheapest-energy-source/ |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> == Cap da kasuwanci == A cikin 2018, California ta kashe dala biliyan 1.4 da aka tara daga shirin ta na cap da kasuwanci don rage hayakin gas, daga dala biliyan 3.4 da aka kashe tun daga 2012; sanannun ayyukan sun haɗa da California High-Speed Rail da Clean Vehicle Rebate don motocin low-emission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report: Cap-and-trade spending doubles to $1.4 billion in 2018 {{!}} California Air Resources Board |url=https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/report-cap-and-trade-spending-doubles-14-billion-2018 |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=ww2.arb.ca.gov}}</ref> Har zuwa 2021, ya kamata a yi amfani da kudaden don rage hayaki; duk da haka, a cikin wani ɓangare na kasafin kuɗi na 2019-2020, 'yan majalisa sun amince da shirin yin amfani da ƙwanƙwasawa da shirye-shiryen kasuwanci don ingancin ruwa, wanda ya haifar da tambayoyi game da haɗin da dumamar duniya. === Kasuwancin yanayi na California === Kasuwancin yanayi na California yana sanya albarkatun cap da cinikayya don aiki don rage hayakin gas, ƙarfafa tattalin arziki, inganta lafiyar jama'a da muhalli, da samar da fa'idodi masu ma'ana ga al'ummomin da suka fi talauci, al'ummomi masu ƙarancin kuɗi, da gidaje masu ƙaranci. == Resilience da daidaitawa == A cikin 2020, Majalisar Kare Tekun ta fitar da Shirin Dabarun don Kare Tekun California. Wannan yarjejeniyar ta kafa shirin aiki na shekaru biyar tare da manyan manufofi huɗu kuma tare da ƙananan manufofi da yawa: ƙarfin canjin yanayi, samun dama ga teku da daidaito, bambancin halittu, da tattalin arzikin shuɗi. Manufofin sun haɗa da daidaitawa don tallafawa 3.5 feet na hauhawar matakin teku a shekara ta 2050, maido da kadada 10,000 na filayen ruwa a shekara ta 2025, da kuma [[Gudanar da ja da baya|Gudanar da koma baya]] ga gine-ginen jama'a da ababen more rayuwa. Shirin ya dogara ne akan hanyoyin samar da kudade na yanzu na shekaru biyu na farko, da kuma yiwuwar rabin biliyan daga cikin dala biliyan 4.75 da Gwamna [[Gavin Newsom]] ya jagoranta ga sauran. Ko da yake California tana aiwatar da manufofi masu yawa na ragewa don rage fitar da iskar gas, tasirin da ya riga ya kasance na canjin yanayi yana ci gaba da tasiri a yankin. Ana iya ganin wannan daga gobarar daji, fari da ambaliyar ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mann |first=Michael E. |last2=Gleick |first2=Peter H. |date=2015-03-31 |title=Climate change and California drought in the 21st century |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=112 |issue=13 |pages=3858–3859 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503667112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4386383 |pmid=25829537 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sabili da haka, jihar ta ba da sabuntawa na 2018 na Shirin Tsaro na California wanda ya tsara ayyukan da hukumomin jihar ke ci gaba da su sama da 300 don rage tasirin canjin yanayi akan ababen more rayuwa, lafiyar jama'a da tattalin arziki. Wasu misalai na daruruwan ayyukan [[Daidaituwar canjin yanayi|daidaitawa]] da jihar ta kafa sun hada da: * ingantaccen makamashi na gundumomin makarantun jama'a * maye gurbin rufin don hana lalacewar da gobarar daji ta haifar * saka hannun jari a cikin bincike kan tsarin tasirin canjin yanayi * rage raunin wutar lantarki na birane zuwa raƙuman zafi * Shirye-shiryen sake gina gandun daji * sake daidaita manyan hanyoyi waɗanda mummunar lalacewar bakin teku ta shafa; da * sabunta tsarin ban ruwa <ref>{{Cite web |last=California |first=State of |title=Safeguarding California {{!}} California Natural Resources Agency |url=http://resources.ca.gov/climate/safeguarding/#safeguard |access-date=2018-11-18 |website=resources.ca.gov |language=en}}</ref> === Jerin lokaci === Wannan jerin lokuta ne wanda ya kunshi takardun rage fitar da iskar gas a halin yanzu a cikin doka a California: <ref name="SB 32">{{Cite web |title=SB-32 California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006: emissions limit |url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB32 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=Bill Text – SB-32}}</ref> <ref name="AB 197">{{Cite web |title=AB-197 State Air Resources Board: greenhouse gases: regulations |url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB197 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=Bill Text – AB-197}}</ref><ref name="AB 32">{{Cite web |title=Assembly Bill 32 Overview |url=https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm |access-date=3 December 2016 |website=Assembly Bill 32 – California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207210529/https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm |archive-date=7 December 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Lokaci na ƙarshe !Abin da ya kamata ya faru !Bill |- |Yuni 2005 |Dokar Zartarwa ta California S-3-05 da Gwamna Arnold Schwarzenegger ya sanya hannu wanda ya kafa cikakken shirin rage iskar gas |S-3-05 |- |Satumba 2006 |AB-32 (Dokar Maganin Warming na Duniya ta 2006) wanda Gwamna Arnold Schwarzenegger ya sanya hannu a cikin doka wanda ya kafa burin rage GHG na 2020. |AB-32 |- |Janairu 2008 |CARB ta karɓi Dokar Rahoton Dokar GHGs |AB-32 |- |Janairu 2009 |CARB ta amince da Shirin Gudanarwa |AB-32 |- |Janairu 2010 |Matakan mataki na farko sun fara aiki |AB-32 |- |A cikin shekara ta 2010 |CARB ta rubuta dokoki don karɓar ƙa'idodin GHG |AB-32 |- |Disamba 2010 |Lokaci na ƙarshe don rage hayaki na GHG zuwa matakan 2000 |S-3-05 |- |Janairu 2011 |CARB ta kammala tsarin mulki don rage GHG |AB-32 |- |Janairu 2012 |Dokokin GHG da aka karɓa kuma aka aiwatar |AB-32 |- |Nuwamba 2012 |Farashin farko na kwata-kwata na hayaki na GHG a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Cap da Trade ya faru |AB-32 |- |Janairu 2013 |Shirin Cap da Kasuwanci ya fara |AB-32 |- |Satumba 2013 |CARB ta fitar da kudaden farko na carbon |AB-32 |- |Mayu 2014 |CARB ta amince da sabuntawa ta farko ga Shirin Scoping |AB-32 |- |Afrilu 2015 |Gwamna Jerry Brown ya sanya hannu kan Dokar Zartarwa ta California B-30-15 a cikin doka |B-30-15 |- |Satumba 2016 |Dokar Majalisar Dattijai ta 32 da Dokar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 197 an sanya hannu a cikin doka ta Gwamna Jerry Brown |SB-32, AB-197 |- |Janairu 2017 |SB-32 da AB-197 sun fara aiki |SB-32, AB-197 |- |Janairu 2018 |CARB ya kara da kayan gurɓataccen iska mai guba[[Kididdigar masu fitar da hayaki|Abubuwan fitarwa]] |AB-197 |- |Disamba 2020 |Lokaci na ƙarshe don rage matakan GHG zuwa matakan 1990 |AB-32, S-3-05 |- |Disamba 2030 |Lokaci na ƙarshe don rage hayaki na GHG zuwa 40% ƙasa da matakan 1990 |SB-32, B-30-15 |- |Disamba 2050 |Lokaci na ƙarshe don rage hayaki na GHG zuwa 80% ƙasa da matakan 1990 |S-3-05 |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Manufofin canjin yanayi na Amurka]] * Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta California * CoolCalifornia.org * Rashin gurɓata a California * [[Tasirin canjin yanayi|Tasirin dumamar yanayi]] * Motocin lantarki a California == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2kbs7hn5r8evltudfjd0qfdacajtrdl Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa da kula da muhalli ta Delaware 0 113669 967744 698404 2026-10-15T01:29:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa da kula da muhalli''' ('''DNREC'''), wata hukuma ce a cikin reshen zartarwa na gwamnatin jihar a [[Delaware]], tana damuwa da shugabancin ƙasar jama'a, albarkatun ƙasa da ka'idojin muhalli ga jihar. DNREC ta ƙunshi ƙananan hukumomi daban-daban: Ofishin Sakatare; Sashen Ingancin Air; Sashen Waste da Hazardous Substances; Sashen Ruwa; Sashen Yanayi, Coastal da Makamashi; Sashen Kifi da Rayuwa; Sashin Parks da Recreation; da Sashen Gudanar da Ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DNREC divisions |url=https://dnrec.delaware.gov/divisions/ |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=DNREC}}</ref> Ofisoshinsa sun fi zama a Dover, babban birnin jihar. == Manufa da tsari == Manufar hukumar ita ce: <ref>{{Cite web |title=DNREC mission |url=https://dnrec.delaware.gov/mission/ |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=DNREC}}</ref> * "Sanya dukkan masu ruwa da tsaki don tabbatar da gudanarwa mai hikima, kiyayewa da haɓaka albarkatun ƙasa na Jiha * "Kariya da lafiyar jama'a da muhalli * "Ba da ingancin nishaɗi na waje * "Yana inganta ingancin rayuwa * "Manufar samar da makamashi da shirye-shiryen yanayi * "Kuma ilimantar da jama'a kan amfani da tarihi, al'adu da albarkatun halitta, buƙatu da batutuwa". === Ƙungiya === A cikin shekaru, an sake tsara DNREC, kuma an raba ƙungiyoyi huɗu na asali zuwa bakwai, kowannensu yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin darektan kuma ƙungiyoyin da aka ƙayyade a cikin dokar jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delaware Code |url=https://delcode.delaware.gov/title29/c080/sc01/index.html |access-date=February 13, 2025 |website=Delaware Code}}</ref> Har ila yau, hukumar ta ƙunshi babban ofishin gudanarwa. Rarrabawar yanzu sune: Sashen wuraren shakatawa da nishaɗi suna kula da wuraren shakatawa na jihohi 17 da kuma gidan zoo na Brandywine, tare da sun ƙunshi fiye da kadada 20,000. Har ila yau, tana kula da kiyaye yanayi da kiyayewa kuma tana da alhakin wasu wuraren tarihi, kamar Fort Delaware da Fort DuPont . <ref>{{Cite web |title=DNREC Division of Parks and Recreation |url=https://dnrec.delaware.gov/parks/ |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=DNREC}}</ref> Fiye da mutane miliyan 8 sun ziyarci wuraren shakatawa na Delaware a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WHYY news |url=https://whyy.org/articles/delaware-state-parks-record-attendance/ |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=WHYY}}</ref> Sashen Yanayi, Yankin Ruwa da Makamashi yana mai da hankali kan canjin yanayi, makamashi, da shirye-shiryen bakin teku a jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DNREC Division of Climate, Coastal and Energy |url=https://dnrec.delaware.gov/climate-coastal-energy/ |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=DNREC}}</ref> Sashe na Ingancin Air ya ba da izini da ka'idoji game da gurɓataccen iska, gami da hayaki, cire asbestos, da buɗe ƙonewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DNREC Division of Air Quality |url=https://dnrec.delaware.gov/air/ |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=DNREC}}</ref> Sashen Kifi da namun daji yana da alhakin kiyayewa kuma yana ba da lasisi da ilimi don farauta, kamun kifi, da jirgin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DNREC Division of Fish and Wildlife |url=https://dnrec.delaware.gov/fish-wildlife/ |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=DNREC}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Waste and Hazardous Substances" tana kewaye da sake amfani, bincike da tsaftace wuraren da aka gurbata, amsawa ga abubuwan da suka shafi kayan haɗari, da kuma tabbatar da 'yan ƙasa da kamfanoni suna bin dokokin da ke akwai game da sharar gida da abubuwa masu haɗari.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DNREC Division of Waste and Hazardous Substances |url=https://dnrec.delaware.gov/waste-hazardous/ |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=DNREC}}</ref> Sashen Ruwa yana sarrafawa da kare ruwan Jihar Farko, yana yin bincike, yana ba da jagora, sarrafa lasisi da ƙari.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DNREC Division of Water |url=https://dnrec.delaware.gov/water/ |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=DNREC}}</ref> Sashen Gudanar da Ruwa yana da alhakin kare albarkatun kasa na jihar, kula da wuraren da ke da ruwa da kuma aiki tare da manoma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DNREC Division of Watershed Stewardship |url=https://dnrec.delaware.gov/watershed-stewardship/ |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=DNREC}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa DNREC a cikin 1970 ta hanyar dokokin da Majalisar Dattijai ta Delaware ta zartar a shekarar da ta gabata. A baya, an caje kwamitoci shida da kula da albarkatun kasa na Jiha ta Farko: Hukumar Wasanni da Kifi, Kifi na Shell, Gidan shakatawa na Jiha, Ruwa da Air Resources, Gidan daji na Jiha da Ruwa. Ofishin Sakataren yana kula da gudanarwa ga Ma'aikatar kuma yana dauke da Ofishin Kasafin Kudi da Kudi, Ofishin Ayyukan Gudanarwa, Ofishin Sadarwa, Ofisi na [[Adalcin Muhalli|Adalci na muhalli]], Ofishin Harkokin Kasuwanci, da Ofishin Albarkatun Dan Adam. Wadannan raka'a suna da alhakin fannoni kamar kasafin kuɗi, tallace-tallace, sauraron jama'a, adalci na muhalli, albarkatun ɗan adam da harkokin majalisa. Ofishin Sadarwa, ko DNREC OComms, yana ba da jagora da ke da alaƙa da aiki a kan alama, tallace-tallace, shiga cikin al'umma, alaƙar kafofin watsa labarai, saƙonnin ciki, tsara taron, buga yanar gizo, kafofin sada zumunta da samar da multimedia. Yana buga sakonnin labarai na DNREC kuma yana kula da mujallar kan layi ta hukumar, Outdoor Delaware, da kuma jaridar dijital.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DNREC Office of the Secretary |url=https://dnrec.delaware.gov/office-of-the-secretary/ |access-date=April 29, 2025 |website=DNREC}}</ref> Ma'aikatar tana da ofishinta na 'yan sanda a duk fadin jihar, 'yan sanda na Delaware Natural Resources, wanda ya hada da raka'a uku: Laifukan Muhalli, Kifi da namun daji, da Parks da Recreation. Bugu da ƙari, DNREC tana karɓar bakuncin kwamitocin jama'a da yawa, allon, da sauran bangarorin da ke kula da takamaiman batutuwa kamar makamashi, kamun kifi, da wuraren budewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DNREC boards, councils, committees, and task forces |url=https://dnrec.delaware.gov/boards-councils-committees/ |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=DNREC}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2005, an fara harbi na farko na tilasta bin doka a tarihin Sashen. Lamarin ya shafi masu kula da wurin shakatawa guda biyu kuma ya haifar da mutuwar wanda ake zargi da fashi. A cikin 2007 DNREC ta kammala fasalin farko na Shirin Ayyukan namun daji na Delaware, dabarun kiyaye namun daji na asali da wuraren zama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Conservation |url=http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/fw/dwap/Pages/HistoryofCons.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718002243/http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/fw/dwap/Pages/HistoryofCons.aspx |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |access-date=May 11, 2018 |website=DNREC}}</ref> A shekarar 2014 Sakatare Collin O'Mara ya bar mukamin bayan shekaru biyar ya zama shugaban kungiyar kare namun daji ta kasa. Ma'aikacin DNREC na dogon lokaci David Small ne ya gaje shi, wanda ya yi aiki na kimanin shekaru uku har sai Gwamna Jack Markell ya bar ofis kuma magajinsa, John Carney, mai suna Garvin sakatare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 25, 2017 |title=From reporter to environmental chief: David Small reflects on career |url=https://baytobaynews.com/stories/from-reporter-to-environmental-chief-david-small-reflects-on-career,6713 |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=Delaware State News}}</ref> A cikin 2015 akwai wani sabuntawa na Delaware Wildlife Action Plan. Wannan fitowar shiri ne na shekaru 10 don kiyaye dukkan kifi da namun daji da wuraren zama. Shirin ya tsara takamaiman nau'o'in da ke cikin mafi girman bukatar kariya, wuraren zama, batutuwan da za su yiwu, wuraren bincike, da dabarun kiyayewa. Shirin kuma yana mai da hankali kan kara ilimi ta hanyar ilimi da fadakarwa. Wadannan ayyukan za a tallafawa ta hanyar tallafin namun daji na tarayya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delaware Wildlife Action Plan |url=http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/fw/dwap/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630072825/http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/fw/dwap/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=June 30, 2011 |access-date=2018-05-11 |website=DNREC}}</ref> Za a sabunta shirin a cikin shekara ta 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 16, 2023 |title=Wildlife Action Plan overview |url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c2fc8f735bb94920981c3109ee5cd908 |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=ARCGIS}}</ref> A cikin <sub>2</sub> Ma'aikatar ta bayyana Shirin Ayyukan Yanayi na Delaware, littafin wasa da aka tsara don jagorantar masu yanke shawara game da waɗanne matakai za su ɗauka idan ya zo ga yaki da [[Canjin yanayi]]. A matsayin jihar mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin ƙasar, Delaware tana cikin haɗarin hauhawar matakin teku. Shirin Ayyukan Yanayi yana mai da hankali kan rage mummunar tasirin canjin yanayi yayin da yake aiki don ɗaukar matakai masu ƙarfin zuciya don ci gaba da batun. Shirin ya yi kira ga rage hayakin iskar gas ta hanyar motsawa zuwa makamashi mai tsabta da sabuntawa, ta amfani da matakan inganta makamashi, sauyawa zuwa motocin hayaki, sarrafa iskar gas ban da carbon dioxide da yaki da hayakin carbon ta hanyar adana gandun daji da wuraren da ke shan CO2 daga yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delaware Climate Action Plan |url=https://dnrec.delaware.gov/climate-plan/ |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=DNREC}}</ref> == Jerin sakatariyar sashen == {| class="wikitable" !Sakatare !Lokacin ya fara !Lokacin ya ƙare |- |Austin N. Heller |1970 |1973 |- |John C. Bryson |1973 |1977 |- |Austin P. Olney |1977 |1979 |- |John E. "Jack" Wilson na uku |1980 |1988 |- |Edwin H. "Toby" Clark II <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spence |first=Kevin |date=2009-03-20 |title=O’Mara named DNREC Secretary |url=https://www.capegazette.com/article/o%E2%80%99mara-named-dnrec-secretary/5062 |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=Cape Gazette}}</ref> |1989 |1993 |- |Christophe Tulou <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stonesifer |first=Nick |date=2025-01-09 |title=How former Cabinet members want to reshape Delaware land use |url=https://spotlightdelaware.org/2025/01/09/rethinking-delaware/ |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=Spotlight Delaware}}</ref> |1993 |1998 |- |Nicholas D. DiPasquale <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pimental |first=Alicia |date=2011-07-08 |title=Nicholas DiPasquale chosen as Chesapeake Bay Program director |url=https://www.chesapeakebay.net/news/blog/nicholas-dipasquale-chosen-as-chesapeake-bay-program-director |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=Chesapeake Bay Program}}</ref> |1999 |2002 |- |John A. Hughes <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoenen |first=Leah |date=2009-01-26 |title=John Hughes reflects on DNREC career |url=https://www.capegazette.com/article/john-hughes-reflects-dnrec-career/7460 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=Cape Gazette}}</ref> |2002 |2009 |- |Collin P. O'Mara <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fries |first=Amanda |date=2023-12-04 |title=This former Delaware Natural Resources secretary is considering running for governor |url=https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/2023/12/04/former-dnrec-secretary-collin-omara-delaware-governor-race/71802244007/ |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=Delaware Online}}</ref> |2009 |2014 |- |David S. Small <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cape Gazette |date=2017-06-12 |title=David Small joins Duffield Associates |url=https://www.capegazette.com/article/david-small-joins-duffield-associates/135479 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=Cape Gazette}}</ref> |2014 |2017 |- |Shawn M. Garvin <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Mike |date=2025-01-16 |title=Garvin retires from DNREC after eight years |url=https://www.coastalpoint.com/news/state/garvin-retires-from-dnrec-after-eight-years/article_59b53d34-d44b-11ef-abb0-fbba8a3a93b5.html |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=Coastal Point}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |2017 |2025 |- |Greg Patterson <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Greg Patterson bio |url=https://dnrec.delaware.gov/greg-patterson/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250215130821/https://dnrec.delaware.gov/greg-patterson/ |archive-date=February 15, 2025 |access-date=March 11, 2025 |website=DNREC}}</ref> |2025 |Mai mulki |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9f64s4nfm92wiggubjsbdvs30nzeoh8 Hafizu Bello 0 114705 967708 933005 2026-10-14T23:21:50Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360682619|Hafizu Bello]]" 967708 wikitext text/x-wiki   Hafizu Bello (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1974) shi ne darektan fina-finai Na Najeriya. Shi babban memba ne na farko na Masana'antar fina-finai ta Kannywood . [1][2] == Ayyuka == Bello ya shiga Masana'antar fina-finai ta [[Kannywood]] a 1999, da farko a matsayin darektan. Ya sami karbuwa a cikin masana'antar bayan ya jagoranci ''Muƙaddari'' a cikin 2000, wanda ya sami fim mafi kyau a Arewa Film Award . ''Ruhi'' ya biyo baya a 2003, ''Yanayi'' a 2004, da ''Qarni'' a 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hafizu Bello [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/director/hafizu_bello |access-date=10 March 2024 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> An amince da shi ta 2013 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards for Best Hausa Film for ''Faida'' a cikin 2013, kuma daga baya ya lashe 2015 Africa Magic Views' Choice Award a cikin mafi kyawun harshen asali (Hausa). == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- !2013 |[[2013 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2013 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMVCA 2013 Photos and Winners |url=http://www.jaguda.com/2013/03/09/all-the-winners-from-the-2013-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306043412/http://jaguda.com/2013/03/09/all-the-winners-from-the-2013-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards/ |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Faida|{{Won}} |- !2014 |[[2014 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka na 2014]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dstv Africa Magic Winners |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/12/06/2014-amvca-nominees-announced/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316015108/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/12/06/2014-amvca-nominees-announced/ |archive-date=2014-03-16 |access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref> |Fim mafi kyau |Bikin Kishi|{{Nom}} |- !2015 |[[2015 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2015 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa |Binkice|{{Won}} |- !2016 |[[2016 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2016 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |date=8 March 2016 |title=2016 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards Winners and Nominees |url=https://www.africanvibes.com/2016-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-winners-and-nominees/ |access-date=8 February 2020 |website=African Vibes Magazine}}</ref> |Fim mafi kyau |Sakaina|{{Nom}} |- !2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Jama'a]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Uwar Bari|{{Won}} |- !2022 |[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2022 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa ||{{Nom}} |- !2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2023 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa ||{{Nom}} |- |} == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Taken !Shekara |- |''Mukaddari'' |2000 |- |''Ruhi'' |2003 |- |''Yanayi'' |2004 |- |''Qarni'' |2005 |- |''Dan mazari'' |2007 |- |''Sammatsi'' |2008 |- |''Faida'' |2013 |- |''Hakki'' |2018 |- |''Hikima'' |2021 |- |''Uwar Bari'' |2022 |- |''Aisha'' |2023 |- |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] 6s0hyoxv3d4kl8bezdwb46hrc8uq9w7 967709 967708 2026-10-14T23:23:05Z Salma Raddah 45959 967709 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Hafizu Bello (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1974) shi ne darektan fina-finai Na Najeriya. Shi babban memba ne na farko na Masana'antar fina-finai ta Kannywood . [1][2] == Ayyuka == Bello ya shiga Masana'antar fina-finai ta [[Kannywood]] a 1999, da farko a matsayin darektan. Ya sami karbuwa a cikin masana'antar bayan ya jagoranci ''Muƙaddari'' a cikin 2000, wanda ya sami fim mafi kyau a Arewa Film Award . ''Ruhi'' ya biyo baya a 2003, ''Yanayi'' a 2004, da ''Qarni'' a 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hafizu Bello [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/director/hafizu_bello |access-date=10 March 2024 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> An amince da shi ta 2013 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards for Best Hausa Film for ''Faida'' a cikin 2013, kuma daga baya ya lashe 2015 Africa Magic Views' Choice Award a cikin mafi kyawun harshen asali (Hausa). == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- !2013 |[[2013 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2013 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMVCA 2013 Photos and Winners |url=http://www.jaguda.com/2013/03/09/all-the-winners-from-the-2013-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306043412/http://jaguda.com/2013/03/09/all-the-winners-from-the-2013-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards/ |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Faida|{{Won}} |- !2014 |[[2014 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka na 2014]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dstv Africa Magic Winners |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/12/06/2014-amvca-nominees-announced/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316015108/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/12/06/2014-amvca-nominees-announced/ |archive-date=2014-03-16 |access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref> |Fim mafi kyau |Bikin Kishi|{{Nom}} |- !2015 |[[2015 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2015 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa |Binkice|{{Won}} |- !2016 |[[2016 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2016 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |date=8 March 2016 |title=2016 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards Winners and Nominees |url=https://www.africanvibes.com/2016-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-winners-and-nominees/ |access-date=8 February 2020 |website=African Vibes Magazine}}</ref> |Fim mafi kyau |Sakaina|{{Nom}} |- !2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Jama'a]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Uwar Bari|{{Won}} |- !2022 |[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2022 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa ||{{Nom}} |- !2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2023 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa ||{{Nom}} |- |} == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Taken !Shekara |- |''Mukaddari'' |2000 |- |''Ruhi'' |2003 |- |''Yanayi'' |2004 |- |''Qarni'' |2005 |- |''Dan mazari'' |2007 |- |''Sammatsi'' |2008 |- |''Faida'' |2013 |- |''Hakki'' |2018 |- |''Hikima'' |2021 |- |''Uwar Bari'' |2022 |- |''Aisha'' |2023 |- |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] klf0urzjpu68usowfl9ak731m6vcbgh Magalan Ugochukwu Awala 0 115050 967748 706612 2026-10-15T02:28:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Magalan Ugochukwu Awala''' (20 Yuni 1990 - 26 Yuni 2024) ya kasance ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], na jihar Kaduna wanda ya buga wa 'yan uwa Brothers Union wasa na ƙarshe a Gasar Firimiya ta Bangladesh . <ref>{{Cite web |title=শেকড়ে ফিরলেন এমিলি |url=https://www.deshrupantor.com/sport/2021/04/14/287616 |access-date=2021-04-14 |website=দেশ রূপান্তর}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - M. Ugochukwu - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/awala-magalan-ugochukwu/152676/ |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Awala ya fara aikinsa tare da Moderate Stars Academy kuma ya shiga kulob din Isra'ila a shekara ta 2008. An zabe shi dan wasa mafi kyau na mako a gasar Isra'ila a watan Yulin 2010 tare da [[Hapoel Ironi Rishon LeZion]] . Bayan shekaru biyu tare da [[Hapoel Ironi Rishon LeZion]] ya shiga kungiyar [[Liga Leumit]] [[Hapoel Herzliya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=The Official Website of Segra Football - SegraFootball.com - Our Players |url=http://www.segrafootball.com/ourplayers.html |access-date=6 February 2018 |website=www.segrafootball.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195102/http://www.segrafootball.com/ourplayers.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] [[Rukuni:CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)]] 86r1apv12tcloiph12o3grfhumxio09 Sarkin Falafel & Shawarma 0 123117 967549 747257 2026-10-14T13:34:12Z ~2026-52593-66 50051 Added link 967549 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:King_of_Falafel_&_Shawarma.jpg|thumb|Waje na Sarkin Falafel da Shawarma a Astoria, wanda ke nuna alamun shagon, tagogi na gaba, da kuma mutanen da ke tafiya a gefen titi.]] [[Fayil:King_of_Falafel_&_Shawarma_Inside_Area.jpg|thumb|Cikin gidan Sarki Falafel da Shawarma yana ɗauke da bangon ja da aka yi wa ado da fosta, kwanduna, tufafi, da kuma kayan haɗin kwarangwal, tare da kujeru kore da ja a wurin zama.]]{{Databox}} '''King of Falafel & Shawarma''' wani gidan cin abinci ne da ke [[Astoria, Queens]], [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]], wanda Fares ("Freddy") Zeideia ya kafa. Kasuwancin ya fara ne a matsayin keken titi a shekara ta 2002 kuma ya buɗe shagonsa a Broadway a watan Janairun 2016. <ref name=":0" /> An rufe shi saboda salon Falasdinawa, [[falafel]] mai siffar wake kawai wanda aka yi wa ado da furanni masu tsayi da kuma lashe kyautar Vendy ta 2010 don Mafi Kyawun Abincin Titi. <ref name=":0" /> Aikin ya kuma gudanar da manyan motocin abinci da yawa da ke hidimar unguwannin birnin New York. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 2024, kasuwancin ya faɗaɗa zuwa [[Chicago Ridge|Chicago Ridge, Illinois]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Selvam |first=Ashok |date=2024-07-29 |title=New York's King of Falafel Is Planning a Chicago Expansion |url=https://chicago.eater.com/2024/7/29/24209104/new-york-king-of-falafel-chicago-ridge-new-location-expansion |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Eater Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:King_of_Falafel_&_Shawarma_Dining_Area.jpg|thumb|Wurin cin abinci a cikin King of Falafel da Shawarma, wanda ke da bangon kore, kujeru ja da kore, da zane-zanen bango.]] == Tarihi == Kasuwancin ya fara ne a shekarar 2002, lokacin da wanda ya kafa Zeideia ya ƙaddamar da keken falafel a Broadway da Titin 30th a Astoria, yana ba da abinci bisa ga abincin da ya samo asali daga Falasɗinawa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Ruhling |first=Nancy |date=2016-06-28 |title=Astoria Characters: The Falafel King |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Keken ya sami karɓuwa sosai bayan ya zama ɗan wasan ƙarshe na kyautar Vendy ta 2009 kuma ya lashe kyautar Vendy ta 2010 don Mafi Kyawun Abincin Titi. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Chapman |first=Ben |date=2009-08-16 |title=Street chefs throughout New York City vie to cart off the 2009 Vendy Award |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2009/08/16/street-chefs-throughout-new-york-city-vie-to-cart-off-the-2009-vendy-award/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=New York Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya faɗaɗa kasuwancin da ƙarin motar abinci a 2013. <ref name=":3" /> Bayan fiye da shekaru goma yana siyarwa a kan titi, ya buɗe gidan cin abinci na dindindin a 30-15 Broadway a watan Janairun 2016, kusa da kusurwar keken. <ref name=":0" /> A watan Yulin 2022, ya sanar da shirin sayar da gidan cin abinci da motocin da ke da alaƙa, amma daga baya ya zaɓi ci gaba da gudanar da kasuwancin bayan goyon bayan al'umma mai ƙarfi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garber |first=Nick |date=2022-07-20 |title=Astoria's King Of Falafel Prepares To Surrender His Crown |url=https://patch.com/new-york/astoria-long-island-city/astorias-king-falafel-prepares-surrender-his-crown |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Astoria-Long Island City, NY Patch |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2" /> Nan da shekarar 2024, kasuwancin yana sarrafa manyan motocin abinci guda huɗu ban da gidan cin abinci na Astoria. <ref name=":2" /> A wannan shekarar, ya kuma buɗe sabon wuri a Chicago Ridge, Illinois, kuma ya nuna sha'awar ƙara faɗaɗawa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Selvam |first=Ashok |date=2024-07-29 |title=New York's King of Falafel Is Planning a Chicago Expansion |url=https://chicago.eater.com/2024/7/29/24209104/new-york-king-of-falafel-chicago-ridge-new-location-expansion |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Eater Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abinci == Gidan cin abinci yana ba da abincin Falasɗinu kamar su wake, falafel mai tsayi, [[shawarma]] na kaza da rago, da kuma pita na gida. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGiacone2024">Giacone, Juliana (2024-07-16). [https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ "A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma"]. ''Epicenter NYC''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ana shirya falafel ba tare da wake na fava ba kuma yana bin girke-girke daga mahaifiyar Zeideia, ana amfani da wake da aka jika da faski da albasa sannan a ƙara masa kayan ƙanshi kamar coriander, anise, da cayenne kafin a soya. <ref name=":0" /> Ƙarin abubuwan menu sun haɗa da kebabs, kofta, shinkafar basmati da aka dafa da tafarnuwa da albasa, da kuma "shawafel" mai haɗakarwa wanda ya haɗa falafel da shawarma. <ref name=":0" /> Jerin abincin kuma yana ɗauke da faranti masu ɗauke da shawarma, shinkafa, salati, da falafel. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" /> == Salo == Gidan abincin yana da ɗaki mai haske a ciki wanda ke ɗauke da fitattun abubuwa ja da kore, tare da kujeru masu dacewa da tebura baƙi, tsarin launi da aka lura da shi yana nuna tutar Falasɗinu. An ɗora wani samfurin abin rufe fuska na motar abinci mai launin lemun tsami mai lambar "FALAFEL1" a kan gidan abincin. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Ruhling |first=Nancy |date=2016-06-28 |title=Astoria Characters: The Falafel King |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRuhling2016">Ruhling, Nancy (2016-06-28). [https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 "Astoria Characters: The Falafel King"]. ''HuffPost''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Zane-zanen bango a cikin gidan abincin suna nuna wurare kamar Urushalima da Manhattan, kuma shagon yana nuna tutocin Falasɗinu, sitika na siyasa, zane-zane masu ban dariya, da kuma zane-zanen bango da ke nuna rikicin Gaza. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGiacone2024">Giacone, Juliana (2024-07-16). [https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ "A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma"]. ''Epicenter NYC''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":3" /> Gidan abincin yana da tsarin kicin a buɗe, kuma ana iya ganin ƙamshi mai ƙarfi na tafarnuwa, albasa, da wake da aka soya lokacin shiga. <ref name=":2" /> == Ganewa == King of Falafel & Shawarma sun yi nasara a gasar Vendy Awards a shekarar 2009 kuma daga baya suka lashe kyautar Best Street Food (Vendy Cup) a shekarar 2010. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Chapman |first=Ben |date=2009-08-16 |title=Street chefs throughout New York City vie to cart off the 2009 Vendy Award |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2009/08/16/street-chefs-throughout-new-york-city-vie-to-cart-off-the-2009-vendy-award/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=New York Daily News |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChapman2009">Chapman, Ben (2009-08-16). [https://www.nydailynews.com/2009/08/16/street-chefs-throughout-new-york-city-vie-to-cart-off-the-2009-vendy-award/ "Street chefs throughout New York City vie to cart off the 2009 Vendy Award"]. ''New York Daily News''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGiacone2024">Giacone, Juliana (2024-07-16). [https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ "A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma"]. ''Epicenter NYC''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ayyuka == Kamfanin yana gudanar da gidan cin abinci mai kama da tubali a Broadway a Astoria kuma ya faɗaɗa zuwa wasu na'urori masu motsi. Baya ga keken titi na asali, an ƙara motar abinci a shekarar 2013, kuma nan da shekarar 2024 kasuwancin yana gudanar da manyan motoci huɗu a wurare masu juyawa a faɗin Manhattan, Queens, da Bronx . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGiacone2024">Giacone, Juliana (2024-07-16). [https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ "A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma"]. ''Epicenter NYC''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Ruhling |first=Nancy |date=2016-06-28 |title=Astoria Characters: The Falafel King |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRuhling2016">Ruhling, Nancy (2016-06-28). [https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 "Astoria Characters: The Falafel King"]. ''HuffPost''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Wuraren da aka ruwaito sun haɗa da East 53rd Street da Park Avenue a Manhattan, Ditmars Boulevard da 31st Street a Queens, Bell Boulevard da 42nd Avenue a Queens, da 5560 Broadway a Bronx. <ref name=":2" /> Gidan cin abinci na Astoria yana aiki a matsayin babban tushen ayyukan kamfanin. <ref name=":2" /> A cikin 2024, kasuwancin ya faɗaɗa a wajen New York tare da wurin ɗaukar kaya da tuƙi a 6058 W 111th St, Chicago Ridge, Illinois, tare da ƙarin wuraren da ake la'akari da su a yankin Chicago. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Selvam |first=Ashok |date=2024-07-29 |title=New York's King of Falafel Is Planning a Chicago Expansion |url=https://chicago.eater.com/2024/7/29/24209104/new-york-king-of-falafel-chicago-ridge-new-location-expansion |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Eater Chicago |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSelvam2024">Selvam, Ashok (2024-07-29). [https://chicago.eater.com/2024/7/29/24209104/new-york-king-of-falafel-chicago-ridge-new-location-expansion "New York's King of Falafel Is Planning a Chicago Expansion"]. ''Eater Chicago''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Mai shi == Wannan kasuwancin mallakar Zeideia ne, Ba’amurke Ba’amurke Ba’amurke Ba’amurke wanda aka haifa a Ramallah kuma ya yi aiki a Astoria sama da shekaru ashirin. [1] Ya taɓa yin ayyuka daban-daban a birnin New York, ciki har da aiki a wani shagon kayan rubutu inda aka yi masa laƙabi da "Freddy." [1] Zeideia ya shahara da nuna asalinsa na Falasɗinawa a bainar jama'a a gidan cin abinci, gami da hotunan siyasa, tutocin Falasɗinawa, da zane-zane masu ban dariya a ƙofar shiga da kuma bangon shagon. [1] A cikin wata hira, Zeideia ya bayyana cewa tattaunawa game da abinci sau da yawa ya haɗa da batutuwan siyasa. [1] A cikin gidan cin abinci, sau da yawa ana ganinsa sanye da riga ta Sarki Falafel, wando mai siffar kayan lambu, da kuma [[Crocs]] masu launi, waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin rahotanni a matsayin tufafinsa na yau da kullun. [1] == Manazarta == <references /> h521obyi56cs0bu8fhctfn2x9er9pxa 967551 967549 2026-10-14T13:38:53Z ~2026-52593-66 50051 Added link 967551 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:King_of_Falafel_&_Shawarma.jpg|thumb|Waje na Sarkin Falafel da Shawarma a Astoria, wanda ke nuna alamun shagon, tagogi na gaba, da kuma mutanen da ke tafiya a gefen titi.]] [[Fayil:King_of_Falafel_&_Shawarma_Inside_Area.jpg|thumb|Cikin gidan Sarki Falafel da Shawarma yana ɗauke da bangon ja da aka yi wa ado da fosta, kwanduna, tufafi, da kuma kayan haɗin kwarangwal, tare da kujeru kore da ja a wurin zama.]]{{Databox}} '''King of Falafel & Shawarma''' wani gidan cin abinci ne da ke [[Astoria, Queens]], [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]], wanda Fares ("Freddy") Zeideia ya kafa. Kasuwancin ya fara ne a matsayin keken titi a shekara ta 2002 kuma ya buɗe shagonsa a Broadway a watan Janairun 2016. <ref name=":0" /> An rufe shi saboda salon Falasdinawa, [[falafel]] mai siffar wake kawai wanda aka yi wa ado da furanni masu tsayi da kuma lashe kyautar Vendy ta 2010 don Mafi Kyawun Abincin Titi. <ref name=":0" /> Aikin ya kuma gudanar da manyan motocin abinci da yawa da ke hidimar unguwannin birnin New York. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 2024, kasuwancin ya faɗaɗa zuwa [[Chicago Ridge|Chicago Ridge, Illinois]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Selvam |first=Ashok |date=2024-07-29 |title=New York's King of Falafel Is Planning a Chicago Expansion |url=https://chicago.eater.com/2024/7/29/24209104/new-york-king-of-falafel-chicago-ridge-new-location-expansion |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Eater Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:King_of_Falafel_&_Shawarma_Dining_Area.jpg|thumb|Wurin cin abinci a cikin King of Falafel da Shawarma, wanda ke da bangon kore, kujeru ja da kore, da zane-zanen bango.]] == Tarihi == Kasuwancin ya fara ne a shekarar 2002, lokacin da wanda ya kafa Zeideia ya ƙaddamar da keken falafel a Broadway da Titin 30th a Astoria, yana ba da abinci bisa ga abincin da ya samo asali daga Falasɗinawa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Ruhling |first=Nancy |date=2016-06-28 |title=Astoria Characters: The Falafel King |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Keken ya sami karɓuwa sosai bayan ya zama ɗan wasan ƙarshe na kyautar Vendy ta 2009 kuma ya lashe kyautar Vendy ta 2010 don Mafi Kyawun Abincin Titi. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Chapman |first=Ben |date=2009-08-16 |title=Street chefs throughout New York City vie to cart off the 2009 Vendy Award |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2009/08/16/street-chefs-throughout-new-york-city-vie-to-cart-off-the-2009-vendy-award/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=New York Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya faɗaɗa kasuwancin da ƙarin motar abinci a 2013. <ref name=":3" /> Bayan fiye da shekaru goma yana siyarwa a kan titi, ya buɗe gidan cin abinci na dindindin a 30-15 Broadway a watan Janairun 2016, kusa da kusurwar keken. <ref name=":0" /> A watan Yulin 2022, ya sanar da shirin sayar da gidan cin abinci da motocin da ke da alaƙa, amma daga baya ya zaɓi ci gaba da gudanar da kasuwancin bayan goyon bayan al'umma mai ƙarfi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garber |first=Nick |date=2022-07-20 |title=Astoria's King Of Falafel Prepares To Surrender His Crown |url=https://patch.com/new-york/astoria-long-island-city/astorias-king-falafel-prepares-surrender-his-crown |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Astoria-Long Island City, NY Patch |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2" /> Nan da shekarar 2024, kasuwancin yana sarrafa manyan motocin abinci guda huɗu ban da gidan cin abinci na Astoria. <ref name=":2" /> A wannan shekarar, ya kuma buɗe sabon wuri a Chicago Ridge, Illinois, kuma ya nuna sha'awar ƙara faɗaɗawa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Selvam |first=Ashok |date=2024-07-29 |title=New York's King of Falafel Is Planning a Chicago Expansion |url=https://chicago.eater.com/2024/7/29/24209104/new-york-king-of-falafel-chicago-ridge-new-location-expansion |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Eater Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abinci == Gidan cin abinci yana ba da abincin Falasɗinu kamar su wake, falafel mai tsayi, [[shawarma]] na kaza da rago, da kuma pita na gida. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGiacone2024">Giacone, Juliana (2024-07-16). [https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ "A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma"]. ''Epicenter NYC''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ana shirya falafel ba tare da wake na fava ba kuma yana bin girke-girke daga mahaifiyar Zeideia, ana amfani da wake da aka jika da faski da albasa sannan a ƙara masa kayan ƙanshi kamar coriander, anise, da cayenne kafin a soya. <ref name=":0" /> Ƙarin abubuwan menu sun haɗa da kebabs, kofta, shinkafar basmati da aka dafa da tafarnuwa da albasa, da kuma "shawafel" mai haɗakarwa wanda ya haɗa falafel da shawarma. <ref name=":0" /> Jerin abincin kuma yana ɗauke da faranti masu ɗauke da shawarma, shinkafa, salati, da falafel. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" /> == Salo == Gidan abincin yana da ɗaki mai haske a ciki wanda ke ɗauke da fitattun abubuwa ja da kore, tare da kujeru masu dacewa da tebura baƙi, tsarin launi da aka lura da shi yana nuna tutar Falasɗinu. An ɗora wani samfurin abin rufe fuska na motar abinci mai launin lemun tsami mai lambar "FALAFEL1" a kan gidan abincin. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Ruhling |first=Nancy |date=2016-06-28 |title=Astoria Characters: The Falafel King |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRuhling2016">Ruhling, Nancy (2016-06-28). [https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 "Astoria Characters: The Falafel King"]. ''HuffPost''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Zane-zanen bango a cikin gidan abincin suna nuna wurare kamar Urushalima da Manhattan, kuma shagon yana nuna tutocin Falasɗinu, sitika na siyasa, zane-zane masu ban dariya, da kuma zane-zanen bango da ke nuna [[Yaƙin Gaza|rikicin Gaza]]. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGiacone2024">Giacone, Juliana (2024-07-16). [https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ "A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma"]. ''Epicenter NYC''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":3" /> Gidan abincin yana da tsarin kicin a buɗe, kuma ana iya ganin ƙamshi mai ƙarfi na tafarnuwa, albasa, da wake da aka soya lokacin shiga. <ref name=":2" /> == Ganewa == King of Falafel & Shawarma sun yi nasara a gasar Vendy Awards a shekarar 2009 kuma daga baya suka lashe kyautar Best Street Food (Vendy Cup) a shekarar 2010. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Chapman |first=Ben |date=2009-08-16 |title=Street chefs throughout New York City vie to cart off the 2009 Vendy Award |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2009/08/16/street-chefs-throughout-new-york-city-vie-to-cart-off-the-2009-vendy-award/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=New York Daily News |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChapman2009">Chapman, Ben (2009-08-16). [https://www.nydailynews.com/2009/08/16/street-chefs-throughout-new-york-city-vie-to-cart-off-the-2009-vendy-award/ "Street chefs throughout New York City vie to cart off the 2009 Vendy Award"]. ''New York Daily News''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGiacone2024">Giacone, Juliana (2024-07-16). [https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ "A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma"]. ''Epicenter NYC''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ayyuka == Kamfanin yana gudanar da gidan cin abinci mai kama da tubali a Broadway a Astoria kuma ya faɗaɗa zuwa wasu na'urori masu motsi. Baya ga keken titi na asali, an ƙara motar abinci a shekarar 2013, kuma nan da shekarar 2024 kasuwancin yana gudanar da manyan motoci huɗu a wurare masu juyawa a faɗin Manhattan, Queens, da Bronx . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGiacone2024">Giacone, Juliana (2024-07-16). [https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ "A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma"]. ''Epicenter NYC''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Ruhling |first=Nancy |date=2016-06-28 |title=Astoria Characters: The Falafel King |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRuhling2016">Ruhling, Nancy (2016-06-28). [https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 "Astoria Characters: The Falafel King"]. ''HuffPost''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Wuraren da aka ruwaito sun haɗa da East 53rd Street da Park Avenue a Manhattan, Ditmars Boulevard da 31st Street a Queens, Bell Boulevard da 42nd Avenue a Queens, da 5560 Broadway a Bronx. <ref name=":2" /> Gidan cin abinci na Astoria yana aiki a matsayin babban tushen ayyukan kamfanin. <ref name=":2" /> A cikin 2024, kasuwancin ya faɗaɗa a wajen New York tare da wurin ɗaukar kaya da tuƙi a 6058 W 111th St, Chicago Ridge, Illinois, tare da ƙarin wuraren da ake la'akari da su a yankin Chicago. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Selvam |first=Ashok |date=2024-07-29 |title=New York's King of Falafel Is Planning a Chicago Expansion |url=https://chicago.eater.com/2024/7/29/24209104/new-york-king-of-falafel-chicago-ridge-new-location-expansion |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Eater Chicago |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSelvam2024">Selvam, Ashok (2024-07-29). [https://chicago.eater.com/2024/7/29/24209104/new-york-king-of-falafel-chicago-ridge-new-location-expansion "New York's King of Falafel Is Planning a Chicago Expansion"]. ''Eater Chicago''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Mai shi == Wannan kasuwancin mallakar Zeideia ne, Ba’amurke Ba’amurke Ba’amurke Ba’amurke wanda aka haifa a Ramallah kuma ya yi aiki a Astoria sama da shekaru ashirin. [1] Ya taɓa yin ayyuka daban-daban a birnin New York, ciki har da aiki a wani shagon kayan rubutu inda aka yi masa laƙabi da "Freddy." [1] Zeideia ya shahara da nuna asalinsa na Falasɗinawa a bainar jama'a a gidan cin abinci, gami da hotunan siyasa, tutocin Falasɗinawa, da zane-zane masu ban dariya a ƙofar shiga da kuma bangon shagon. [1] A cikin wata hira, Zeideia ya bayyana cewa tattaunawa game da abinci sau da yawa ya haɗa da batutuwan siyasa. [1] A cikin gidan cin abinci, sau da yawa ana ganinsa sanye da riga ta Sarki Falafel, wando mai siffar kayan lambu, da kuma [[Crocs]] masu launi, waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin rahotanni a matsayin tufafinsa na yau da kullun. [1] == Manazarta == <references /> mjr50o7dyhlo8rnxsio6faj45z5ewno Dawood Hosni 0 124603 967667 751878 2026-10-14T21:35:02Z Ammarpad 4826 - 967667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dawood Hosni''' (an haife shi '''David Haim Levi''', 26 ga Fabrairu 1870 - 10 ga Disamba 1937) ya kasance mawaki na kiɗa na Masar. == Tarihin rayuwa == Mahaifin Dawood, Khidr Hossnei, masanin kayan ado ne. Iyalin Dawood Yahudawa ne na Karaite. Dawood ya koyi aiki ga mai ɗaure littattafai, Sukkar Bookshop, yaƙi da shekaru goma; abokin ciniki, Sheikh Mohammed Abdu, ya ƙarfafa shi ya yi karatun kiɗa da waka. Mahaifinsa bai so ya zama mawaƙi ba amma ya yi tafiya zuwa Mansoura, inda ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin mawaƙa Mohammed Sahabaari . Ya koyi abun da ke ciki da oud, kuma lokacin da ya koma [[Kairo|Alkahira]], ya raira waƙoƙin Sheikh Mohammad Abdelrahim (wanda aka sani da El-Masloub). A lokacin da yake da shekaru ashirin, ya rubuta a cikin siffofin adwar, taqtuqa, da Kasida, yana kwaikwayon salon waƙoƙin Mohammed Uthman. A cikin 1932, an zaba shi don yin rikodin ayyukan Mohammed Uthman . Ya kuma kasance mawaki na wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Masar, "Shamshoon da Delilah". Hosni ya kirkiro ƙungiyoyi don yawancin wasan kwaikwayo na Ukasha, Muneera al-Mahdia, Naguib al-Rihani, Ali al-Kassar, da Muhammed Bahgat, kamar "Marouf al-Askafee", "Sabah", "al Brensissah", "Al Layalee al Milah", da "al Ghandoura". Ya kuma kasance malami ga [[Ummu Kulthum|Umm Kulthum]] da Amal al-Atrash wanda ya kira "Asmahan". Ɗansa, Yitzhak HaLevi (Abu Badia) ya yi [[Aliyah]] zuwa [[Isra'ila]], kuma a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1977 ya shiga cikin [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty|Tattaunawar zaman lafiya tsakanin Isra'ila da Masar]] da aka gudanar a [[Mena House|Gidan Mena]] a Masar ofwrcukr3dk1ekaqj385x4gpzkx8tng Makonni tara da rabi (littafi) 0 125173 967792 868652 2026-10-15T08:24:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967792 wikitext text/x-wiki Nine and a Half Weeks: A Memoir of a Love Affair wani labari ne na 1978 na Ingeborg Day, wanda aka fara bugawa a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami [[Elizabeth McNeill]]. Ya ba da cikakken bayani game da taƙaitaccen dangantakar jima'i tsakanin mai mallakar zane-zane da kuma dillalin Wall Street - bisa ga abubuwan da Day ya samu. An san tarihin ne a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na lalata na 1986 91⁄2 Weeks, tare da Kim Basinger da Mickey Rourke.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Falke |first=Sandra |date=17 September 2020 |title=Literary Escapades. Elizabeth McNeill: 'Nine and a Half Weeks: A Memoir of a Love Affair' |url=https://sandrafalke.com/2020/09/17/nine-and-a-half-weeks/ |access-date=11 March 2024 |website=Literarische Abenteuer |language=de-DE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311163201/https://sandrafalke.com/2020/09/17/nine-and-a-half-weeks/ |archive-date=11 March 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Bayani game da shi == An kafa tarihin ne a Birnin New York. Wani mai gidan zane-zane ya shiga cikin makonni tara tare da dillalin Wall Street wanda ke cin zarafin ta a kai a kai a cikin gidansa don nishaɗi da jin daɗi. Da yake ba za ta iya cewa a'a ba kuma tana shiga cikin haɗin kai, matar ta sami kanta tana jin daɗin farkon al'amarin. A ƙarshe, dangantakar ta ƙare a cikinsa yana umurta ta yi fashi da wani mutum a wuka a cikin wani mai hawa; ta yi haka, sannan ya tilasta mata yin jima'i da wani yayin da yake kallo. Sau da yawa yakan bar ta a ɗaure, cikin ciwo mai yawa, a cikin gidansa mai kyau na sa'o'i da yawa. Ta fahimci cewa dole ne ta yi zabi tsakanin rayuwarta da hankali, ko kuma mutumin da ya yi mata zalunci don ya ƙaunace shi. Labarin ya ƙare tare da raunin mace lokacin da ya bar ta a asibitin mahaukaci. Bayan ta sami magani wanda ya dauki watanni, an sake ta amma ba ta sake ganinsa ba. == Karɓar karɓa da gado == Littafin ya haifar da abin kunya lokacin da aka buga shi. A cikin wata kasida ta New Yorker ta 2012, Sarah Weinman ta rubuta "Makonni tara da rabi magani ne mai karfi ga abin da ke wucewa ga erotica a yau. Maimakon mafarki mai ban mamaki, littafin McNeill, wanda aka gabatar a matsayin abin tunawa, ana caje shi da yawa ta hanyar bayyane kamar yadda yake ta hanyar rashin. Mai karatu yana da masaniya kawai ga hangen nesa, har ma a lokacin, an rufe shi da amfani da sunan sirri. " [1] Yayinda yake rubuta littafin, Day ya yi tunanin shi a matsayin "waƙar lalata" kuma yana da matsayi na musamman a cikin wallafe-wallafen lalata saboda ba bincike ne na mafarki ba, amma yana bin nau'in labari ta hanyar ba da dogon labari, labarin labarin ayyukan jima'i da kasada na mace. == Manazarta == csnt6sp58dr1clx3vvrdgpsriapwwol Juyin Halitta 0 125940 967626 755880 2026-10-14T19:41:16Z Galadanchi123 50022 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379899421|Evolution]]" 967626 wikitext text/x-wiki     '''Juyin Halitta''' shine canji a cikin halaye na gado na yawan halittu a cikin tsararraki masu zuwa.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hall|Hallgrímsson|2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Evolution Resources |url=http://www.nas.edu/evolution/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603230514/http://www.nas.edu/evolution/index.html |archive-date=3 June 2016 |publisher=[[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine]]}}</ref> Yana faruwa ne lokacin da mutane a cikin yawan jama'a suka bambanta a cikin halayensu na kwayar halitta da kuma yawan 'ya'yansu da suka tsira. Canjin maye gurbi yana gabatar da sabon bambancin kwayar halitta, kuma matakai kamar su yaduwar kwayar halitta (genetic drift), yaduwar kwayoyin halitta, da Zaɓin halitta suna haifar da wasu bambance-bambance na kwayar halitta da suka zama gama gari a tsawon lokaci.<ref name="Scott-Phillips-2014">{{Cite journal |last=Scott-Phillips |first=Thomas C. |last2=Laland |first2=Kevin N. |author-link2=Kevin Laland |last3=Shuker |first3=David M. |last4=Dickins |first4=Thomas E. |last5=West |first5=Stuart A. |author-link5=Stuart West |display-authors=3 |date=May 2014 |title=The Niche Construction Perspective: A Critical Appraisal |journal=[[Evolution (journal)|Evolution]] |volume=68 |issue=5 |pages=1231–1243 |bibcode=2014Evolu..68.1231S |doi=10.1111/evo.12332 |issn=0014-3820 |pmc=4261998 |pmid=24325256 |quote=Evolutionary processes are generally thought of as processes by which these changes occur. Four such processes are widely recognized: natural selection (in the broad sense, to include sexual selection), genetic drift, mutation, and migration (Fisher 1930; Haldane 1932). The latter two generate variation; the first two sort it.}}</ref> Sau da yawa ana bayyana juyin halitta a matsayin canji a cikin mitar alleles (nau'ikan kwayar halitta da aka samo a takamaiman wuri) a cikin yawan jama'a. A cikin magana ta yau da kullun, sau da yawa ana fahimtar juyin halitta don haɗawa da canji a cikin bayyanar waje ko halayyar kwayar halitta (phenotype). Koyaya, saboda alamun ba lallai bane su sami sakamako mai ganuwa, a cikin ma'anar halitta mai tsauri na iya faruwa ko da lokacin da phenotype bai canza ba. Tsarin juyin halitta ya haifar da [[bambancin halittu]] a kowane matakin ƙungiyar halittu.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hall|Hallgrímsson|2008}}</ref><ref name="Voet-2016">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Voet|Voet|Pratt|2016}}</ref> ka'idar kimiyya ta juyin halitta ta hanyar zabin halitta an yi la'akari da ita ne ta hanyar masu ilimin halitta na Burtaniya guda biyu, [[Charles Darwin]] da Alfred Russel Wallace, a tsakiyar karni na 19 a matsayin bayani game da dalilin da ya sa kwayoyin halitta suka dace da yanayin jiki da na halitta. An fara bayyana ka'idar a cikin daki-daki a littafin Darwin On the Origin of Species . <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Darwin|1859}}</ref> Juyin halitta ta hanyar zabin halitta an kafa shi ne ta hanyar abubuwan da za a iya lura da su game da kwayoyin halitta: (1) ana samar da 'ya'ya da yawa fiye da yadda za su iya rayuwa; (2) halaye sun bambanta tsakanin mutane dangane da yanayin su, ilimin lissafi, da halayensu; (3) halaye daban-daban suna ba da ƙimar rayuwa da haifuwa (daidaitaccen lafiya); kuma (4) halaye za a iya wucewa daga tsara zuwa tsara (gado lafiya). <ref name="Lewontin-1970">{{Cite journal |last=Lewontin |first=Richard Charles |author-link=Richard Lewontin |date=November 1970 |title=The Units of Selection |url=http://joelvelasco.net/teaching/167/lewontin%2070%20-%20the%20units%20of%20selection.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics]] |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |bibcode=1970AnRES...1....1L |doi=10.1146/annurev.es.01.110170.000245 |issn=0066-4162 |jstor=2096764 |s2cid=84684420 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206172942/http://joelvelasco.net/teaching/167/lewontin%2070%20-%20the%20units%20of%20selection.pdf |archive-date=6 February 2015}}</ref> A cikin tsararraki masu zuwa, membobin yawan jama'a suna iya maye gurbin su da zuriya iyaye tare da halaye masu kyau ga wannan yanayin. A farkon karni na 20, an karyata ra'ayoyin gasa na juyin halitta kuma an haɗa juyin halitta tare da Gādon Mendelian da ƙwayoyin halittar jama'a don haifar da ka'idar juyin halitta ta zamani.<ref name="Futuyma2017a">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Futuyma|Kirkpatrick|2017}}</ref> A cikin wannan kira tushen gado yana cikin kwayoyin DNA waɗanda ke ba da bayanai daga tsara zuwa tsara. Hanyoyin da ke canza DNA a cikin yawan jama'a sun haɗa da zabin halitta, yaduwar kwayar halitta, maye gurbi, da kwararar kwayar halitta.<ref name="Scott-Phillips-2014" /> Dukkanin rayuwa a Duniya - gami da [[Juyin Halitta na Mutum|bil'adama]] - suna da kakannin duniya na ƙarshe (LUCA), <ref name="Kampourakis-2014">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Kampourakis|2014}}</ref> <ref name="Doolittle-2000">{{Cite journal |last=Doolittle |first=W. Ford |author-link=Ford Doolittle |date=February 2000 |title=Uprooting the Tree of Life |url=http://shiva.msu.montana.edu/courses/mb437_537_2004_fall/docs/uprooting.pdf |journal=[[Scientific American]] |volume=282 |issue=2 |pages=90–95 |bibcode=2000SciAm.282b..90D |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0200-90 |issn=0036-8733 |pmid=10710791 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907081933/http://shiva.msu.montana.edu/courses/mb437_537_2004_fall/docs/uprooting.pdf |archive-date=7 September 2006 |access-date=5 April 2015}}</ref> wanda ya rayu kusan shekaru biliyan 3.5-3.8 da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Glansdorff |first=Nicolas |last2=Ying Xu |last3=Labedan |first3=Bernard |date=9 July 2008 |title=The Last Universal Common Ancestor: emergence, constitution and genetic legacy of an elusive forerunner |journal=[[Biology Direct]] |volume=3 |issue=1 |bibcode=2008BiDir...3...29G |doi=10.1186/1745-6150-3-29 |issn=1745-6150 |pmc=2478661 |pmid=18613974 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Schopf-2007">{{Cite journal |last=Schopf |first=J. William |author-link=J. William Schopf |last2=Kudryavtsev |first2=Anatoliy B. |last3=Czaja |first3=Andrew D. |last4=Tripathi |first4=Abhishek B. |date=5 October 2007 |title=Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils |journal=[[Precambrian Research]] |volume=158 |issue=3–4 |pages=141–155 |bibcode=2007PreR..158..141S |doi=10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009 |issn=0301-9268}}</ref> &nbsp;Rubuce-rubucen burbushin sun haɗa da ci gaba daga farkon Biogenic graphite zuwa burbushin microbial mat zuwa burbushi masu yawa.<ref name="Ohtomo-2014">{{Cite journal |last=Ohtomo |first=Yoko |last2=Kakegawa |first2=Takeshi |last3=Ishida |first3=Akizumi |last4=Nagase |first4=Toshiro |last5=Rosing |first5=Minik T. |display-authors=3 |date=January 2014 |title=Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=25–28 |bibcode=2014NatGe...7...25O |doi=10.1038/ngeo2025 |issn=1752-0894}}</ref><ref name="Noffke-2013">{{Cite journal |last=Noffke |first=Nora |author-link=Nora Noffke |last2=Christian |first2=Daniel |last3=Wacey |first3=David |last4=Hazen |first4=Robert M. |author-link4=Robert Hazen |date=16 November 2013 |title=Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ''ca.'' 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia |journal=[[Astrobiology (journal)|Astrobiology]] |volume=13 |issue=12 |pages=1103–1124 |bibcode=2013AsBio..13.1103N |doi=10.1089/ast.2013.1030 |issn=1531-1074 |pmc=3870916 |pmid=24205812}}</ref> Hanyoyin da ke akwai na bambancin halittu an tsara su ta hanyar maimaitawa na sababbin nau'o'in (speciation), canje-canje a cikin nau'o-in (Anagenesis), da asarar nau'o"in ([[Karewar kwayoyin halitta|halaka]]) a duk tarihin juyin halitta na rayuwa a Duniya.<ref name="Futuyma04">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Futuyma|2004}}</ref> Halin morphological da biochemical sun fi kama da jinsunan da ke da kakanninmu na baya-bayan nan, wanda a tarihi aka yi amfani da shi don sake gina bishiyoyi na phylogenetic, kodayake kwatankwacin kai tsaye na jerin [[Biochemistry|kwayoyin halitta]] hanya ce ta yau.<ref name="Panno 2005">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Panno|2005}}</ref> Masana ilimin juyin halitta sun ci gaba da nazarin fannoni daban-daban na juyin halitta ta hanyar samarwa da gwaji da kuma gina ka'idoji bisa ga shaida daga filin ko dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma bayanan da aka samar ta hanyar hanyoyin ilmin lissafi da ka'idojin ilmin halitta. Abubuwan da suka gano sun rinjayi ba kawai ci gaban ilmin halitta ba har ma da wasu fannoni ciki har da noma, magani, da kimiyyar kwamfuta.[1] == Halitta == [[File:ADN_static.png|left|thumb|Tsarin DNA. Tushen suna cikin tsakiya, kewaye da sarkar sukari na phosphate a cikin nau'i biyu.]] Juyin halitta a cikin kwayoyin halitta yana faruwa ta hanyar canje-canje a cikin halaye na gado - halaye na halitta. A cikin mutane, alal misali, Launi na ido alama ce ta gado kuma mutum na iya gajiyar "halayyar launin ruwan kasa" daga ɗayan iyayensu.[1] Abubuwan da aka gada suna sarrafawa ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta kuma cikakkiyar saitin kwayoyin halitta a cikin kwayar halitta (abubuwan kwayar halitta) ana kiranta kwayar halitta.[2] Cikakken saitin halaye masu lura waɗanda suka zama tsari da halayyar kwayar halitta ana kiransu ''phenotype''. Wasu daga cikin wadannan halaye sun fito ne daga hulɗar kwayar halitta tare da mahalli yayin da wasu ke tsaka-tsaki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Visscher |first=Peter M. |last2=Hill |first2=William G. |author-link2=William G. Hill |last3=Wray |first3=Naomi R. |author-link3=Naomi Wray |date=April 2008 |title=Heritability in the genomics era — concepts and misconceptions |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=255–266 |doi=10.1038/nrg2322 |issn=1471-0056 |pmid=18319743 |s2cid=690431}}</ref> Wasu halaye masu lura ba a gaji su ba. Misali, fatar da aka haskaka ta fito ne daga hulɗar tsakanin kwayar halitta da hasken rana; saboda haka, ba a ba da hasken wuta ga 'ya'yan mutane. Halin shine ikon fata don yin launin ruwan kasa lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga hasken rana. Koyaya, wasu mutane sun fi sauƙi fiye da wasu, saboda bambance-bambance a cikin bambancin kwayar halitta; misali mai ban sha'awa shine mutanen da ke da halayyar [[Zabaya|albinism]], waɗanda ba su da ƙanƙara kwata-kwata kuma suna da matukar damuwa ga ƙonewar rana.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oetting |first=William S. |last2=Brilliant |first2=Murray H. |last3=King |first3=Richard A. |date=August 1996 |title=The clinical spectrum of albinism in humans |journal=[[Molecular Medicine Today]] |volume=2 |issue=8 |pages=330–335 |doi=10.1016/1357-4310(96)81798-9 |issn=1357-4310 |pmid=8796918}}</ref> Ana ba da halaye na gado daga ƙarni ɗaya zuwa na gaba ta hanyar DNA, kwayar da ke ƙunshe da bayanan kwayar halitta.<ref name="Pearson-2006">{{Cite journal |last=Pearson |first=Helen |date=25 May 2006 |title=Genetics: What is a gene? |journal=Nature |volume=441 |issue=7092 |pages=398–401 |bibcode=2006Natur.441..398P |doi=10.1038/441398a |issn=0028-0836 |pmid=16724031 |s2cid=4420674 |doi-access=free}}</ref> DNA wani dogon biopolymer ne wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tushe guda huɗu. Tsarin tushe tare da takamaiman kwayar DNA yana ƙayyade bayanan kwayar halitta, a hanyar da ta yi kama da jerin haruffa da ke bayyana jumla. Kafin tantanin halitta ya rabu, ana kwafin DNA, don kowane ɗayan ƙwayoyin halitta guda biyu su gaji jerin DNA. Sassan kwayar DNA da ke ƙayyade ɗayan aiki guda ɗaya ana kiransu kwayoyin halitta; kwayoyin halitta daban-daban suna da jerin tushe daban-daban. A cikin sel, kowane dogon DNA ana kiransa chromosome. Takamaiman wuri na jerin DNA a cikin chromosome an san shi da locus. Idan jerin DNA a wani wuri ya bambanta tsakanin mutane, ana kiran nau'ikan daban-daban na wannan jerin alleles. Tsarin DNA na iya canzawa ta hanyar maye gurbi, samar da sabbin alamomi. Idan maye gurbi ya faru a cikin kwayar halitta, sabon allele na iya shafar halin da kwayar halitta ke sarrafawa, yana canza yanayin kwayar halitta.<ref name="Futuyma_2005">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Futuyma|2005}}{{Page needed|date=December 2014}}</ref> Koyaya, yayin da wannan takaddama mai sauƙi tsakanin allele da halaye ke aiki a wasu lokuta, yawa halaye suna rinjayar kwayoyin halitta da yawa a cikin ƙididdiga ko hanyar epistatic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Phillips |first=Patrick C. |date=November 2008 |title=Epistasis—the essential role of gene interactions in the structure and evolution of genetic systems |journal=[[Nature Reviews Genetics]] |volume=9 |issue=11 |pages=855–867 |doi=10.1038/nrg2452 |issn=1471-0056 |pmc=2689140 |pmid=18852697}}</ref><ref name="Min Lin-2006">{{Cite journal |last=Rongling Wu |last2=Min Lin |date=March 2006 |title=Functional mapping — how to map and study the genetic architecture of dynamic complex traits |journal=[[Nature Reviews Genetics]] |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=229–237 |doi=10.1038/nrg1804 |issn=1471-0056 |pmid=16485021 |s2cid=24301815}}</ref> == Tushen bambancin ==   Juyin halitta na iya faruwa idan akwai bambancin kwayar halitta a cikin yawan jama'a. Bambanci ya zo ne daga maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halitta, sake fasalin kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar haihuwar jima'i da ƙaura tsakanin al'ummomi (jinkirin kwayar halitta). Duk da gabatarwar sabon bambancin ta hanyar maye gurbi da kwararar kwayar halitta, mafi yawan kwayar halitta na jinsin yayi kama da duk mutanen wannan jinsin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Butlin |first=Roger K. |last2=Tregenza |first2=Tom |date=28 February 1998 |title=Levels of genetic polymorphism: marker loci versus quantitative traits |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B |volume=353 |issue=1366 |pages=187–198 |doi=10.1098/rstb.1998.0201 |issn=0962-8436 |pmc=1692210 |pmid=9533123}} </ref> Koyaya, abubuwan da aka gano a fagen ilmin halitta na juyin halitta sun nuna cewa ko da ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin kwayar halitta na iya haifar da bambance-buce masu ban mamaki a cikin kwafin halitta a ciki da tsakanin jinsuna. Halin kwayar halitta na mutum yana fitowa ne daga nau'in halittarta da tasirin mahalli da ta zauna a ciki.<ref name="Min Lin-2006" /> Tsarin juyin halitta na zamani ya bayyana juyin halitta a matsayin canji a tsawon lokaci a cikin wannan bambancin kwayar halitta. Yawan wani nau'i na wani nau'in zai zama mafi ko žasa da dangi ga wasu nau'ikan wannan kwayar halitta. Bambancin ya ɓace lokacin da sabon allele ya kai ga ma'anar daidaitawa - lokacin da ko dai ya ɓace daga yawan jama'a ko ya maye gurbin allele na kakanninmu gaba ɗaya.<ref name="Amos-1998">{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=William |last2=Harwood |first2=John |date=28 February 1998 |title=Factors affecting levels of genetic diversity in natural populations |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B]] |volume=353 |issue=1366 |pages=177–186 |doi=10.1098/rstb.1998.0200 |issn=0962-8436 |pmc=1692205 |pmid=9533122}}</ref> === Canjin yanayi === [[File:Mutation_hierarchy_outcomes.svg|thumb|425x425px|Hoton da ke nuna nau'ikan maye gurbi, da kuma irin ƙarfin juyin halitta da aka fallasa. Nau'ikan maye gurbin da aka fallasa ga matakai na juyin halitta masu tsaka-tsaki ana nuna su a cikin shuɗi mai haske, kuma waɗanda aka fallasa don zaɓe a cikin purple.]] Canje-canje canje-canje ne a cikin jerin DNA na kwayar halitta kuma sune tushen bambancin kwayar halitta a cikin dukkan kwayoyin halitta.<ref name="Futuyma2017c">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Futuyma|Kirkpatrick|2017}}</ref> Lokacin da maye gurbi ya faru, suna iya canza samfurin kwayar halitta, ko hana kwayar halitta aiki, ko kuma ba su da tasiri. Kimanin rabin maye gurbin a cikin yankunan coding na kwayoyin halitta masu ƙididdigar sunadarai suna da lahani - ɗayan rabin suna tsaka-tsaki. Ƙananan kashi na jimlar maye gurbin a wannan yankin suna ba da fa'idar lafiya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Keightley |first=P. D. |date=2012 |title=Rates and fitness consequences of new mutations in humans |journal=[[Genetics (journal)|Genetics]] |volume=190 |issue=2 |pages=295–304 |bibcode=2012Genet.190..295K |doi=10.1534/genetics.111.134668 |pmc=3276617 |pmid=22345605}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin maye gurbin a wasu sassan kwayar halitta suna da lahani amma yawancin suna da tsaka-tsaki. Wasu suna da fa'ida. Canje-canje na iya haɗawa da manyan sassan chromosome da ke zama kwafi (yawanci ta hanyar sake haɗuwa da kwayoyin halitta), wanda zai iya gabatar da ƙarin kwafin kwayar halitta a cikin kwayar halitta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hastings |first=P. J. |last2=Lupski |first2=James R. |author-link2=James R. Lupski |last3=Rosenberg |first3=Susan M. |last4=Ira |first4=Grzegorz |date=August 2009 |title=Mechanisms of change in gene copy number |journal=[[Nature Reviews Genetics]] |volume=10 |issue=8 |pages=551–564 |doi=10.1038/nrg2593 |issn=1471-0056 |pmc=2864001 |pmid=19597530}}</ref> Ƙarin kwafin kwayoyin halitta sune babban tushen albarkatun da ake buƙata don sababbin kwayoyin halitta su samo asali. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda yawancin sabbin kwayoyin halitta sun samo asali ne a cikin Iyalai na kwayoyin halitta daga kwayoyin halitta da suka riga sun kasance waɗanda ke da kakanninmu na kowa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harrison |first=Paul M. |last2=Gerstein |first2=Mark |author-link2=Mark Bender Gerstein |date=17 May 2002 |title=Studying Genomes Through the Aeons: Protein Families, Pseudogenes and Proteome Evolution |journal=[[Journal of Molecular Biology]] |volume=318 |issue=5 |pages=1155–1174 |bibcode=2002JMBio.318.1155H |doi=10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00109-2 |issn=0022-2836 |pmid=12083509}}</ref> Misali, idon mutum yana amfani da kwayoyin halitta guda huɗu don yin tsarin da ke jin haske: uku don hangen nesa da ɗaya don hangen nesa na dare; dukansu huɗu sun fito ne daga kwayar halitta guda ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bowmaker |first=James K. |date=May 1998 |title=Evolution of colour vision in vertebrates |journal=[[Eye (journal)|Eye]] |volume=12 |issue=3b |pages=541–547 |doi=10.1038/eye.1998.143 |issn=0950-222X |pmid=9775215 |s2cid=12851209 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana iya samar da sabbin kwayoyin halitta daga kwayar halitta ta kakanninmu lokacin da kwafin kwafin ya canza kuma ya sami sabon aiki. Wannan tsari yana da sauƙin sauƙin sauya kwayar halitta saboda yana ƙara yawan tsarin; kwayar halitta ɗaya a cikin biyun na iya samun sabon aiki yayin da ɗayan kwafin ke ci gaba da yin aikinsa na asali.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gregory |first=T. Ryan |author-link=T. Ryan Gregory |last2=Hebert |first2=Paul D. N. |author-link2=Paul D. N. Hebert |date=April 1999 |title=The Modulation of DNA Content: Proximate Causes and Ultimate Consequences |url=http://genome.cshlp.org/content/9/4/317.full |url-status=live |journal=[[Genome Research]] |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=317–324 |doi=10.1101/gr.9.4.317 |issn=1088-9051 |pmid=10207154 |s2cid=16791399 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823063412/http://genome.cshlp.org/content/9/4/317.full |archive-date=23 August 2014 |access-date=11 December 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hurles |first=Matthew |date=13 July 2004 |title=Gene Duplication: The Genomic Trade in Spare Parts |journal=[[PLOS Biology]] |volume=2 |issue=7 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020206 |issn=1545-7885 |pmc=449868 |pmid=15252449 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sauran nau'ikan maye gurbi na iya samar da sabbin kwayoyin halitta gaba ɗaya daga DNA mara coding a baya, wani abu da ake kira de novo gene birth.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Na |last2=Okamura |first2=Katsutomo |last3=Tyler |first3=David M. |last4=Phillips |first4=Michael D. |last5=Chung |first5=Wei-Jen |last6=Lai |first6=Eric C. |display-authors=3 |date=October 2008 |title=The evolution and functional diversification of animal microRNA genes |journal=Cell Research |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=985–996 |doi=10.1038/cr.2008.278 |issn=1001-0602 |pmc=2712117 |pmid=18711447}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Siepel |first=Adam |author-link=Adam C. Siepel |date=October 2009 |title=Darwinian alchemy: Human genes from noncoding DNA |journal=[[Genome Research]] |volume=19 |issue=10 |pages=1693–1695 |doi=10.1101/gr.098376.109 |issn=1088-9051 |pmc=2765273 |pmid=19797681}}</ref> Har ila yau, ƙarni na sabbin kwayoyin halitta na iya haɗawa da ƙananan sassa na kwayoyin halitta da yawa da ake maimaitawa, tare da waɗannan raguwa sannan su sake haɗuwa don samar da sababbin haɗuwa tare da sababbin ayyuka (exon shuffling).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Orengo |first=Christine A. |last2=Thornton |first2=Janet M. |author-link2=Janet Thornton |date=July 2005 |title=Protein families and their evolution—a structural perspective |journal=[[Annual Review of Biochemistry]] |publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=867–900 |bibcode=2005ARBio..74..867O |doi=10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133029 |issn=0066-4154 |pmid=15954844 |s2cid=7483470}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Long |first=Manyuan |last2=Betrán |first2=Esther |last3=Thornton |first3=Kevin |last4=Wang |first4=Wen |date=November 2003 |title=The origin of new genes: glimpses from the young and old |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |volume=4 |issue=11 |pages=865–875 |doi=10.1038/nrg1204 |issn=1471-0056 |pmid=14634634 |s2cid=33999892}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tattara sabbin kwayoyin halitta daga shuffling sassan da suka riga sun kasance, yankuna suna aiki azaman kayan aiki tare da ayyuka masu zaman kansu masu sauƙi, waɗanda za a iya haɗa su tare don samar da sabbin haɗuwa tare da sababbin ayyuka masu rikitarwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Minglei |last2=Caetano-Anollés |first2=Gustavo |author-link2=Gustavo Caetano-Anolles |date=14 January 2009 |title=The Evolutionary Mechanics of Domain Organization in Proteomes and the Rise of Modularity in the Protein World |journal=[[Structure (journal)|Structure]] |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=66–78 |doi=10.1016/j.str.2008.11.008 |issn=1357-4310 |pmid=19141283 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Misali, polyketide synthases manyan enzymes ne waɗanda ke yin maganin rigakafi; suna ƙunshe da yankuna 100 masu zaman kansu waɗanda kowannensu ke haɓaka mataki ɗaya a cikin tsari gaba ɗaya, kamar mataki a cikin layin taro.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weissman |first=Kira J. |last2=Müller |first2=Rolf |date=14 April 2008 |title=Protein–Protein Interactions in Multienzyme Megasynthetases |journal=[[ChemBioChem]] |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=826–848 |doi=10.1002/cbic.200700751 |issn=1439-4227 |pmid=18357594 |s2cid=205552778}}</ref> Misali daya na maye gurbi shine Alade na daji. Suna da launi mai launi kuma suna nuna alamar halayyar duhu da haske. Koyaya, maye gurbi a cikin mai karɓar melanocortin 1 (''MC1R'') yana rushe tsarin. Yawancin nau'ikan alade suna ɗauke da maye gurbin MC1R wanda ke rushe launi na daji da maye gurbi daban-daban wanda ke haifar da launi mai baƙar fata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Andersson |first=Leif |date=2020 |title=Mutations in Domestic Animals Disrupting or Creating Pigmentation Patterns |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=8 |bibcode=2020FrEEv...8..116A |doi=10.3389/fevo.2020.00116 |issn=2296-701X |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Jima'i da sake haɗuwa === A cikin kwayoyin halitta, ana gadon kwayoyin halitta tare, ko kuma an haɗa su, saboda ba za su iya haɗuwa da kwayoyin halitta na wasu kwayoyin halitta ba yayin haifuwa. Sabanin haka, 'ya'yan kwayoyin jima'i suna dauke da cakuda bazuwar chromosomes na iyayensu waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar iri-iri masu zaman kansu. A cikin wani tsari mai alaƙa da ake kira homologous recombination, kwayoyin jima'i suna musayar DNA tsakanin chromosomes guda biyu masu dacewa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Radding |first=Charles M. |date=December 1982 |title=Homologous Pairing and Strand Exchange in Genetic Recombination |journal=[[Annual Review of Genetics]] |volume=16 |pages=405–437 |doi=10.1146/annurev.ge.16.120182.002201 |issn=0066-4197 |pmid=6297377}}</ref> Sake haɗuwa da sake rarraba ba sa canza mitocin allele, amma a maimakon haka canza waɗanne alleles suna da alaƙa da juna, suna samar da zuriya tare da sababbin haɗuwa da alleles.<ref name="Agrawal-2006">{{Cite journal |last=Agrawal |first=Aneil F. |date=5 September 2006 |title=Evolution of Sex: Why Do Organisms Shuffle Their Genotypes? |journal=[[Current Biology]] |volume=16 |issue=17 |pages=R696–R704 |bibcode=2006CBio...16.R696A |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.063 |issn=0960-9822 |pmid=16950096 |s2cid=14739487}}</ref> Jima'i yawanci yana ƙara bambancin kwayar halitta kuma yana iya ƙara yawan juyin halitta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Peters |first=Andrew D. |last2=Otto |first2=Sarah P. |date=June 2003 |title=Liberating genetic variance through sex |journal=[[BioEssays]] |volume=25 |issue=6 |pages=533–537 |doi=10.1002/bies.10291 |issn=0265-9247 |pmid=12766942}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goddard |first=Matthew R. |last2=Godfray |first2=H. Charles J. |author-link2=Charles Godfray |last3=Burt |first3=Austin |date=31 March 2005 |title=Sex increases the efficacy of natural selection in experimental yeast populations |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2005-03-31_434_7033/page/636 |journal=Nature |volume=434 |issue=7033 |pages=636–640 |bibcode=2005Natur.434..636G |doi=10.1038/nature03405 |issn=0028-0836 |pmid=15800622 |s2cid=4397491}}</ref> John Maynard Smith ne ya fara bayyana farashin jima'i sau biyu.<ref name="maynard">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Maynard Smith|1978}}{{Page needed|date=December 2014}}</ref> Farashin farko shi ne cewa a cikin nau'ikan dimorphic na jima'i daya daga cikin maza da mata ne kawai zai iya haifar da yara. Wannan farashi ba ya aiki ga nau'in hermaphroditic, kamar yawancin tsire-tsire da yawancin invertebrates. Kudin na biyu shi ne cewa duk wani mutum wanda ke haifuwa ta hanyar jima'i zai iya ba da kashi 50% na kwayoyin halittarsa ga kowane ɗayan, tare da ma ƙasa da aka ba da ita yayin da kowane sabon ƙarni ya wuce.<ref name="ridley">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ridley|2004}}</ref> Duk da haka haihuwar jima'i ita ce hanyar da aka fi sani da haifuwa tsakanin eukaryotes da kwayoyin halitta masu yawa. An yi amfani da ra'ayin Red Queen don bayyana muhimmancin haihuwar jima'i a matsayin hanyar da za ta ba da damar ci gaba da juyin halitta da daidaitawa don mayar da martani ga coevolution tare da wasu nau'o'in a cikin yanayin da ke canzawa.<ref name="ridley" /><ref name="Van Valen-1973">{{Cite journal |last=Van Valen |first=Leigh |author-link=Leigh Van Valen |year=1973 |title=A New Evolutionary Law |url=https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/18310184/evolutionary-theory/vol-01/Vol.1%2CNo.1%2C1-30%2CL.%20Van%20Valen%2C%20A%20new%20evolutionary%20law..pdf |journal=Evolutionary Theory |volume=1 |pages=1–30 |issn=0093-4755 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222094258/https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/18310184/evolutionary-theory/vol-01/Vol.1%2CNo.1%2C1-30%2CL.%20Van%20Valen%2C%20A%20new%20evolutionary%20law..pdf |archive-date=22 December 2014 |access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="Hamilton-1990">{{Cite journal |last=Hamilton |first=W. D. |author-link=W. D. Hamilton |last2=Axelrod |first2=Robert |author-link2=Robert Axelrod (political scientist) |last3=Tanese |first3=Reiko |date=1 May 1990 |title=Sexual reproduction as an adaptation to resist parasites (a review) |journal=PNAS |volume=87 |issue=9 |pages=3566–3573 |bibcode=1990PNAS...87.3566H |doi=10.1073/pnas.87.9.3566 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=53943 |pmid=2185476 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Birdsell">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Birdsell|Wills|2003}}</ref> Wani ra'ayi shi ne cewa haihuwar jima'i da farko daidaitawa ne don inganta ingantaccen gyaran lalacewa a cikin DNA na kwayar cuta, kuma cewa karuwar bambancin shine samfurin wannan tsari wanda wani lokacin zai iya zama mai fa'ida. <ref>Bernstein H, Byerly HC, Hopf FA, Michod RE. Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex. Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1277–81. {{Doi|10.1126/science.3898363}}. <nowiki>PMID 3898363</nowiki></ref><ref>Bernstein H, Hopf FA, Michod RE. The molecular basis of the evolution of sex. Adv Genet. 1987;24:323-70. {{Doi|10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60012-7}}. <nowiki>PMID 3324702</nowiki></ref> === Gudun kwayoyin halitta === == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9186966f9srzg19uixi7hli9tycwyq2 967628 967626 2026-10-14T19:42:26Z Galadanchi123 50022 967628 wikitext text/x-wiki     {{Databox}} '''Juyin Halitta''' shine canji a cikin halaye na gado na yawan halittu a cikin tsararraki masu zuwa.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hall|Hallgrímsson|2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Evolution Resources |url=http://www.nas.edu/evolution/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603230514/http://www.nas.edu/evolution/index.html |archive-date=3 June 2016 |publisher=[[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine]]}}</ref> Yana faruwa ne lokacin da mutane a cikin yawan jama'a suka bambanta a cikin halayensu na kwayar halitta da kuma yawan 'ya'yansu da suka tsira. Canjin maye gurbi yana gabatar da sabon bambancin kwayar halitta, kuma matakai kamar su yaduwar kwayar halitta (genetic drift), yaduwar kwayoyin halitta, da Zaɓin halitta suna haifar da wasu bambance-bambance na kwayar halitta da suka zama gama gari a tsawon lokaci.<ref name="Scott-Phillips-2014">{{Cite journal |last=Scott-Phillips |first=Thomas C. |last2=Laland |first2=Kevin N. |author-link2=Kevin Laland |last3=Shuker |first3=David M. |last4=Dickins |first4=Thomas E. |last5=West |first5=Stuart A. |author-link5=Stuart West |display-authors=3 |date=May 2014 |title=The Niche Construction Perspective: A Critical Appraisal |journal=[[Evolution (journal)|Evolution]] |volume=68 |issue=5 |pages=1231–1243 |bibcode=2014Evolu..68.1231S |doi=10.1111/evo.12332 |issn=0014-3820 |pmc=4261998 |pmid=24325256 |quote=Evolutionary processes are generally thought of as processes by which these changes occur. Four such processes are widely recognized: natural selection (in the broad sense, to include sexual selection), genetic drift, mutation, and migration (Fisher 1930; Haldane 1932). The latter two generate variation; the first two sort it.}}</ref> Sau da yawa ana bayyana juyin halitta a matsayin canji a cikin mitar alleles (nau'ikan kwayar halitta da aka samo a takamaiman wuri) a cikin yawan jama'a. A cikin magana ta yau da kullun, sau da yawa ana fahimtar juyin halitta don haɗawa da canji a cikin bayyanar waje ko halayyar kwayar halitta (phenotype). Koyaya, saboda alamun ba lallai bane su sami sakamako mai ganuwa, a cikin ma'anar halitta mai tsauri na iya faruwa ko da lokacin da phenotype bai canza ba. Tsarin juyin halitta ya haifar da [[bambancin halittu]] a kowane matakin ƙungiyar halittu.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hall|Hallgrímsson|2008}}</ref><ref name="Voet-2016">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Voet|Voet|Pratt|2016}}</ref> ka'idar kimiyya ta juyin halitta ta hanyar zabin halitta an yi la'akari da ita ne ta hanyar masu ilimin halitta na Burtaniya guda biyu, [[Charles Darwin]] da Alfred Russel Wallace, a tsakiyar karni na 19 a matsayin bayani game da dalilin da ya sa kwayoyin halitta suka dace da yanayin jiki da na halitta. An fara bayyana ka'idar a cikin daki-daki a littafin Darwin On the Origin of Species . <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Darwin|1859}}</ref> Juyin halitta ta hanyar zabin halitta an kafa shi ne ta hanyar abubuwan da za a iya lura da su game da kwayoyin halitta: (1) ana samar da 'ya'ya da yawa fiye da yadda za su iya rayuwa; (2) halaye sun bambanta tsakanin mutane dangane da yanayin su, ilimin lissafi, da halayensu; (3) halaye daban-daban suna ba da ƙimar rayuwa da haifuwa (daidaitaccen lafiya); kuma (4) halaye za a iya wucewa daga tsara zuwa tsara (gado lafiya). <ref name="Lewontin-1970">{{Cite journal |last=Lewontin |first=Richard Charles |author-link=Richard Lewontin |date=November 1970 |title=The Units of Selection |url=http://joelvelasco.net/teaching/167/lewontin%2070%20-%20the%20units%20of%20selection.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics]] |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |bibcode=1970AnRES...1....1L |doi=10.1146/annurev.es.01.110170.000245 |issn=0066-4162 |jstor=2096764 |s2cid=84684420 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206172942/http://joelvelasco.net/teaching/167/lewontin%2070%20-%20the%20units%20of%20selection.pdf |archive-date=6 February 2015}}</ref> A cikin tsararraki masu zuwa, membobin yawan jama'a suna iya maye gurbin su da zuriya iyaye tare da halaye masu kyau ga wannan yanayin. A farkon karni na 20, an karyata ra'ayoyin gasa na juyin halitta kuma an haɗa juyin halitta tare da Gādon Mendelian da ƙwayoyin halittar jama'a don haifar da ka'idar juyin halitta ta zamani.<ref name="Futuyma2017a">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Futuyma|Kirkpatrick|2017}}</ref> A cikin wannan kira tushen gado yana cikin kwayoyin DNA waɗanda ke ba da bayanai daga tsara zuwa tsara. Hanyoyin da ke canza DNA a cikin yawan jama'a sun haɗa da zabin halitta, yaduwar kwayar halitta, maye gurbi, da kwararar kwayar halitta.<ref name="Scott-Phillips-2014" /> Dukkanin rayuwa a Duniya - gami da [[Juyin Halitta na Mutum|bil'adama]] - suna da kakannin duniya na ƙarshe (LUCA), <ref name="Kampourakis-2014">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Kampourakis|2014}}</ref> <ref name="Doolittle-2000">{{Cite journal |last=Doolittle |first=W. Ford |author-link=Ford Doolittle |date=February 2000 |title=Uprooting the Tree of Life |url=http://shiva.msu.montana.edu/courses/mb437_537_2004_fall/docs/uprooting.pdf |journal=[[Scientific American]] |volume=282 |issue=2 |pages=90–95 |bibcode=2000SciAm.282b..90D |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0200-90 |issn=0036-8733 |pmid=10710791 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907081933/http://shiva.msu.montana.edu/courses/mb437_537_2004_fall/docs/uprooting.pdf |archive-date=7 September 2006 |access-date=5 April 2015}}</ref> wanda ya rayu kusan shekaru biliyan 3.5-3.8 da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Glansdorff |first=Nicolas |last2=Ying Xu |last3=Labedan |first3=Bernard |date=9 July 2008 |title=The Last Universal Common Ancestor: emergence, constitution and genetic legacy of an elusive forerunner |journal=[[Biology Direct]] |volume=3 |issue=1 |bibcode=2008BiDir...3...29G |doi=10.1186/1745-6150-3-29 |issn=1745-6150 |pmc=2478661 |pmid=18613974 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Schopf-2007">{{Cite journal |last=Schopf |first=J. William |author-link=J. William Schopf |last2=Kudryavtsev |first2=Anatoliy B. |last3=Czaja |first3=Andrew D. |last4=Tripathi |first4=Abhishek B. |date=5 October 2007 |title=Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils |journal=[[Precambrian Research]] |volume=158 |issue=3–4 |pages=141–155 |bibcode=2007PreR..158..141S |doi=10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009 |issn=0301-9268}}</ref> &nbsp;Rubuce-rubucen burbushin sun haɗa da ci gaba daga farkon Biogenic graphite zuwa burbushin microbial mat zuwa burbushi masu yawa.<ref name="Ohtomo-2014">{{Cite journal |last=Ohtomo |first=Yoko |last2=Kakegawa |first2=Takeshi |last3=Ishida |first3=Akizumi |last4=Nagase |first4=Toshiro |last5=Rosing |first5=Minik T. |display-authors=3 |date=January 2014 |title=Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=25–28 |bibcode=2014NatGe...7...25O |doi=10.1038/ngeo2025 |issn=1752-0894}}</ref><ref name="Noffke-2013">{{Cite journal |last=Noffke |first=Nora |author-link=Nora Noffke |last2=Christian |first2=Daniel |last3=Wacey |first3=David |last4=Hazen |first4=Robert M. |author-link4=Robert Hazen |date=16 November 2013 |title=Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ''ca.'' 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia |journal=[[Astrobiology (journal)|Astrobiology]] |volume=13 |issue=12 |pages=1103–1124 |bibcode=2013AsBio..13.1103N |doi=10.1089/ast.2013.1030 |issn=1531-1074 |pmc=3870916 |pmid=24205812}}</ref> Hanyoyin da ke akwai na bambancin halittu an tsara su ta hanyar maimaitawa na sababbin nau'o'in (speciation), canje-canje a cikin nau'o-in (Anagenesis), da asarar nau'o"in ([[Karewar kwayoyin halitta|halaka]]) a duk tarihin juyin halitta na rayuwa a Duniya.<ref name="Futuyma04">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Futuyma|2004}}</ref> Halin morphological da biochemical sun fi kama da jinsunan da ke da kakanninmu na baya-bayan nan, wanda a tarihi aka yi amfani da shi don sake gina bishiyoyi na phylogenetic, kodayake kwatankwacin kai tsaye na jerin [[Biochemistry|kwayoyin halitta]] hanya ce ta yau.<ref name="Panno 2005">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Panno|2005}}</ref> Masana ilimin juyin halitta sun ci gaba da nazarin fannoni daban-daban na juyin halitta ta hanyar samarwa da gwaji da kuma gina ka'idoji bisa ga shaida daga filin ko dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma bayanan da aka samar ta hanyar hanyoyin ilmin lissafi da ka'idojin ilmin halitta. Abubuwan da suka gano sun rinjayi ba kawai ci gaban ilmin halitta ba har ma da wasu fannoni ciki har da noma, magani, da kimiyyar kwamfuta.[1] == Halitta == [[File:ADN_static.png|left|thumb|Tsarin DNA. Tushen suna cikin tsakiya, kewaye da sarkar sukari na phosphate a cikin nau'i biyu.]] Juyin halitta a cikin kwayoyin halitta yana faruwa ta hanyar canje-canje a cikin halaye na gado - halaye na halitta. A cikin mutane, alal misali, Launi na ido alama ce ta gado kuma mutum na iya gajiyar "halayyar launin ruwan kasa" daga ɗayan iyayensu.[1] Abubuwan da aka gada suna sarrafawa ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta kuma cikakkiyar saitin kwayoyin halitta a cikin kwayar halitta (abubuwan kwayar halitta) ana kiranta kwayar halitta.[2] Cikakken saitin halaye masu lura waɗanda suka zama tsari da halayyar kwayar halitta ana kiransu ''phenotype''. Wasu daga cikin wadannan halaye sun fito ne daga hulɗar kwayar halitta tare da mahalli yayin da wasu ke tsaka-tsaki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Visscher |first=Peter M. |last2=Hill |first2=William G. |author-link2=William G. Hill |last3=Wray |first3=Naomi R. |author-link3=Naomi Wray |date=April 2008 |title=Heritability in the genomics era — concepts and misconceptions |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=255–266 |doi=10.1038/nrg2322 |issn=1471-0056 |pmid=18319743 |s2cid=690431}}</ref> Wasu halaye masu lura ba a gaji su ba. Misali, fatar da aka haskaka ta fito ne daga hulɗar tsakanin kwayar halitta da hasken rana; saboda haka, ba a ba da hasken wuta ga 'ya'yan mutane. Halin shine ikon fata don yin launin ruwan kasa lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga hasken rana. Koyaya, wasu mutane sun fi sauƙi fiye da wasu, saboda bambance-bambance a cikin bambancin kwayar halitta; misali mai ban sha'awa shine mutanen da ke da halayyar [[Zabaya|albinism]], waɗanda ba su da ƙanƙara kwata-kwata kuma suna da matukar damuwa ga ƙonewar rana.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oetting |first=William S. |last2=Brilliant |first2=Murray H. |last3=King |first3=Richard A. |date=August 1996 |title=The clinical spectrum of albinism in humans |journal=[[Molecular Medicine Today]] |volume=2 |issue=8 |pages=330–335 |doi=10.1016/1357-4310(96)81798-9 |issn=1357-4310 |pmid=8796918}}</ref> Ana ba da halaye na gado daga ƙarni ɗaya zuwa na gaba ta hanyar DNA, kwayar da ke ƙunshe da bayanan kwayar halitta.<ref name="Pearson-2006">{{Cite journal |last=Pearson |first=Helen |date=25 May 2006 |title=Genetics: What is a gene? |journal=Nature |volume=441 |issue=7092 |pages=398–401 |bibcode=2006Natur.441..398P |doi=10.1038/441398a |issn=0028-0836 |pmid=16724031 |s2cid=4420674 |doi-access=free}}</ref> DNA wani dogon biopolymer ne wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tushe guda huɗu. Tsarin tushe tare da takamaiman kwayar DNA yana ƙayyade bayanan kwayar halitta, a hanyar da ta yi kama da jerin haruffa da ke bayyana jumla. Kafin tantanin halitta ya rabu, ana kwafin DNA, don kowane ɗayan ƙwayoyin halitta guda biyu su gaji jerin DNA. Sassan kwayar DNA da ke ƙayyade ɗayan aiki guda ɗaya ana kiransu kwayoyin halitta; kwayoyin halitta daban-daban suna da jerin tushe daban-daban. A cikin sel, kowane dogon DNA ana kiransa chromosome. Takamaiman wuri na jerin DNA a cikin chromosome an san shi da locus. Idan jerin DNA a wani wuri ya bambanta tsakanin mutane, ana kiran nau'ikan daban-daban na wannan jerin alleles. Tsarin DNA na iya canzawa ta hanyar maye gurbi, samar da sabbin alamomi. Idan maye gurbi ya faru a cikin kwayar halitta, sabon allele na iya shafar halin da kwayar halitta ke sarrafawa, yana canza yanayin kwayar halitta.<ref name="Futuyma_2005">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Futuyma|2005}}{{Page needed|date=December 2014}}</ref> Koyaya, yayin da wannan takaddama mai sauƙi tsakanin allele da halaye ke aiki a wasu lokuta, yawa halaye suna rinjayar kwayoyin halitta da yawa a cikin ƙididdiga ko hanyar epistatic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Phillips |first=Patrick C. |date=November 2008 |title=Epistasis—the essential role of gene interactions in the structure and evolution of genetic systems |journal=[[Nature Reviews Genetics]] |volume=9 |issue=11 |pages=855–867 |doi=10.1038/nrg2452 |issn=1471-0056 |pmc=2689140 |pmid=18852697}}</ref><ref name="Min Lin-2006">{{Cite journal |last=Rongling Wu |last2=Min Lin |date=March 2006 |title=Functional mapping — how to map and study the genetic architecture of dynamic complex traits |journal=[[Nature Reviews Genetics]] |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=229–237 |doi=10.1038/nrg1804 |issn=1471-0056 |pmid=16485021 |s2cid=24301815}}</ref> == Tushen bambancin ==   Juyin halitta na iya faruwa idan akwai bambancin kwayar halitta a cikin yawan jama'a. Bambanci ya zo ne daga maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halitta, sake fasalin kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar haihuwar jima'i da ƙaura tsakanin al'ummomi (jinkirin kwayar halitta). Duk da gabatarwar sabon bambancin ta hanyar maye gurbi da kwararar kwayar halitta, mafi yawan kwayar halitta na jinsin yayi kama da duk mutanen wannan jinsin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Butlin |first=Roger K. |last2=Tregenza |first2=Tom |date=28 February 1998 |title=Levels of genetic polymorphism: marker loci versus quantitative traits |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B |volume=353 |issue=1366 |pages=187–198 |doi=10.1098/rstb.1998.0201 |issn=0962-8436 |pmc=1692210 |pmid=9533123}} </ref> Koyaya, abubuwan da aka gano a fagen ilmin halitta na juyin halitta sun nuna cewa ko da ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin kwayar halitta na iya haifar da bambance-buce masu ban mamaki a cikin kwafin halitta a ciki da tsakanin jinsuna. Halin kwayar halitta na mutum yana fitowa ne daga nau'in halittarta da tasirin mahalli da ta zauna a ciki.<ref name="Min Lin-2006" /> Tsarin juyin halitta na zamani ya bayyana juyin halitta a matsayin canji a tsawon lokaci a cikin wannan bambancin kwayar halitta. Yawan wani nau'i na wani nau'in zai zama mafi ko žasa da dangi ga wasu nau'ikan wannan kwayar halitta. Bambancin ya ɓace lokacin da sabon allele ya kai ga ma'anar daidaitawa - lokacin da ko dai ya ɓace daga yawan jama'a ko ya maye gurbin allele na kakanninmu gaba ɗaya.<ref name="Amos-1998">{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=William |last2=Harwood |first2=John |date=28 February 1998 |title=Factors affecting levels of genetic diversity in natural populations |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B]] |volume=353 |issue=1366 |pages=177–186 |doi=10.1098/rstb.1998.0200 |issn=0962-8436 |pmc=1692205 |pmid=9533122}}</ref> === Canjin yanayi === [[File:Mutation_hierarchy_outcomes.svg|thumb|425x425px|Hoton da ke nuna nau'ikan maye gurbi, da kuma irin ƙarfin juyin halitta da aka fallasa. Nau'ikan maye gurbin da aka fallasa ga matakai na juyin halitta masu tsaka-tsaki ana nuna su a cikin shuɗi mai haske, kuma waɗanda aka fallasa don zaɓe a cikin purple.]] Canje-canje canje-canje ne a cikin jerin DNA na kwayar halitta kuma sune tushen bambancin kwayar halitta a cikin dukkan kwayoyin halitta.<ref name="Futuyma2017c">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Futuyma|Kirkpatrick|2017}}</ref> Lokacin da maye gurbi ya faru, suna iya canza samfurin kwayar halitta, ko hana kwayar halitta aiki, ko kuma ba su da tasiri. Kimanin rabin maye gurbin a cikin yankunan coding na kwayoyin halitta masu ƙididdigar sunadarai suna da lahani - ɗayan rabin suna tsaka-tsaki. Ƙananan kashi na jimlar maye gurbin a wannan yankin suna ba da fa'idar lafiya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Keightley |first=P. D. |date=2012 |title=Rates and fitness consequences of new mutations in humans |journal=[[Genetics (journal)|Genetics]] |volume=190 |issue=2 |pages=295–304 |bibcode=2012Genet.190..295K |doi=10.1534/genetics.111.134668 |pmc=3276617 |pmid=22345605}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin maye gurbin a wasu sassan kwayar halitta suna da lahani amma yawancin suna da tsaka-tsaki. Wasu suna da fa'ida. Canje-canje na iya haɗawa da manyan sassan chromosome da ke zama kwafi (yawanci ta hanyar sake haɗuwa da kwayoyin halitta), wanda zai iya gabatar da ƙarin kwafin kwayar halitta a cikin kwayar halitta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hastings |first=P. J. |last2=Lupski |first2=James R. |author-link2=James R. Lupski |last3=Rosenberg |first3=Susan M. |last4=Ira |first4=Grzegorz |date=August 2009 |title=Mechanisms of change in gene copy number |journal=[[Nature Reviews Genetics]] |volume=10 |issue=8 |pages=551–564 |doi=10.1038/nrg2593 |issn=1471-0056 |pmc=2864001 |pmid=19597530}}</ref> Ƙarin kwafin kwayoyin halitta sune babban tushen albarkatun da ake buƙata don sababbin kwayoyin halitta su samo asali. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda yawancin sabbin kwayoyin halitta sun samo asali ne a cikin Iyalai na kwayoyin halitta daga kwayoyin halitta da suka riga sun kasance waɗanda ke da kakanninmu na kowa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harrison |first=Paul M. |last2=Gerstein |first2=Mark |author-link2=Mark Bender Gerstein |date=17 May 2002 |title=Studying Genomes Through the Aeons: Protein Families, Pseudogenes and Proteome Evolution |journal=[[Journal of Molecular Biology]] |volume=318 |issue=5 |pages=1155–1174 |bibcode=2002JMBio.318.1155H |doi=10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00109-2 |issn=0022-2836 |pmid=12083509}}</ref> Misali, idon mutum yana amfani da kwayoyin halitta guda huɗu don yin tsarin da ke jin haske: uku don hangen nesa da ɗaya don hangen nesa na dare; dukansu huɗu sun fito ne daga kwayar halitta guda ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bowmaker |first=James K. |date=May 1998 |title=Evolution of colour vision in vertebrates |journal=[[Eye (journal)|Eye]] |volume=12 |issue=3b |pages=541–547 |doi=10.1038/eye.1998.143 |issn=0950-222X |pmid=9775215 |s2cid=12851209 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana iya samar da sabbin kwayoyin halitta daga kwayar halitta ta kakanninmu lokacin da kwafin kwafin ya canza kuma ya sami sabon aiki. Wannan tsari yana da sauƙin sauƙin sauya kwayar halitta saboda yana ƙara yawan tsarin; kwayar halitta ɗaya a cikin biyun na iya samun sabon aiki yayin da ɗayan kwafin ke ci gaba da yin aikinsa na asali.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gregory |first=T. Ryan |author-link=T. Ryan Gregory |last2=Hebert |first2=Paul D. N. |author-link2=Paul D. N. Hebert |date=April 1999 |title=The Modulation of DNA Content: Proximate Causes and Ultimate Consequences |url=http://genome.cshlp.org/content/9/4/317.full |url-status=live |journal=[[Genome Research]] |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=317–324 |doi=10.1101/gr.9.4.317 |issn=1088-9051 |pmid=10207154 |s2cid=16791399 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823063412/http://genome.cshlp.org/content/9/4/317.full |archive-date=23 August 2014 |access-date=11 December 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hurles |first=Matthew |date=13 July 2004 |title=Gene Duplication: The Genomic Trade in Spare Parts |journal=[[PLOS Biology]] |volume=2 |issue=7 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020206 |issn=1545-7885 |pmc=449868 |pmid=15252449 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sauran nau'ikan maye gurbi na iya samar da sabbin kwayoyin halitta gaba ɗaya daga DNA mara coding a baya, wani abu da ake kira de novo gene birth.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Na |last2=Okamura |first2=Katsutomo |last3=Tyler |first3=David M. |last4=Phillips |first4=Michael D. |last5=Chung |first5=Wei-Jen |last6=Lai |first6=Eric C. |display-authors=3 |date=October 2008 |title=The evolution and functional diversification of animal microRNA genes |journal=Cell Research |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=985–996 |doi=10.1038/cr.2008.278 |issn=1001-0602 |pmc=2712117 |pmid=18711447}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Siepel |first=Adam |author-link=Adam C. Siepel |date=October 2009 |title=Darwinian alchemy: Human genes from noncoding DNA |journal=[[Genome Research]] |volume=19 |issue=10 |pages=1693–1695 |doi=10.1101/gr.098376.109 |issn=1088-9051 |pmc=2765273 |pmid=19797681}}</ref> Har ila yau, ƙarni na sabbin kwayoyin halitta na iya haɗawa da ƙananan sassa na kwayoyin halitta da yawa da ake maimaitawa, tare da waɗannan raguwa sannan su sake haɗuwa don samar da sababbin haɗuwa tare da sababbin ayyuka (exon shuffling).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Orengo |first=Christine A. |last2=Thornton |first2=Janet M. |author-link2=Janet Thornton |date=July 2005 |title=Protein families and their evolution—a structural perspective |journal=[[Annual Review of Biochemistry]] |publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=867–900 |bibcode=2005ARBio..74..867O |doi=10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133029 |issn=0066-4154 |pmid=15954844 |s2cid=7483470}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Long |first=Manyuan |last2=Betrán |first2=Esther |last3=Thornton |first3=Kevin |last4=Wang |first4=Wen |date=November 2003 |title=The origin of new genes: glimpses from the young and old |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |volume=4 |issue=11 |pages=865–875 |doi=10.1038/nrg1204 |issn=1471-0056 |pmid=14634634 |s2cid=33999892}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tattara sabbin kwayoyin halitta daga shuffling sassan da suka riga sun kasance, yankuna suna aiki azaman kayan aiki tare da ayyuka masu zaman kansu masu sauƙi, waɗanda za a iya haɗa su tare don samar da sabbin haɗuwa tare da sababbin ayyuka masu rikitarwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Minglei |last2=Caetano-Anollés |first2=Gustavo |author-link2=Gustavo Caetano-Anolles |date=14 January 2009 |title=The Evolutionary Mechanics of Domain Organization in Proteomes and the Rise of Modularity in the Protein World |journal=[[Structure (journal)|Structure]] |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=66–78 |doi=10.1016/j.str.2008.11.008 |issn=1357-4310 |pmid=19141283 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Misali, polyketide synthases manyan enzymes ne waɗanda ke yin maganin rigakafi; suna ƙunshe da yankuna 100 masu zaman kansu waɗanda kowannensu ke haɓaka mataki ɗaya a cikin tsari gaba ɗaya, kamar mataki a cikin layin taro.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weissman |first=Kira J. |last2=Müller |first2=Rolf |date=14 April 2008 |title=Protein–Protein Interactions in Multienzyme Megasynthetases |journal=[[ChemBioChem]] |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=826–848 |doi=10.1002/cbic.200700751 |issn=1439-4227 |pmid=18357594 |s2cid=205552778}}</ref> Misali daya na maye gurbi shine Alade na daji. Suna da launi mai launi kuma suna nuna alamar halayyar duhu da haske. Koyaya, maye gurbi a cikin mai karɓar melanocortin 1 (''MC1R'') yana rushe tsarin. Yawancin nau'ikan alade suna ɗauke da maye gurbin MC1R wanda ke rushe launi na daji da maye gurbi daban-daban wanda ke haifar da launi mai baƙar fata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Andersson |first=Leif |date=2020 |title=Mutations in Domestic Animals Disrupting or Creating Pigmentation Patterns |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=8 |bibcode=2020FrEEv...8..116A |doi=10.3389/fevo.2020.00116 |issn=2296-701X |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Jima'i da sake haɗuwa === A cikin kwayoyin halitta, ana gadon kwayoyin halitta tare, ko kuma an haɗa su, saboda ba za su iya haɗuwa da kwayoyin halitta na wasu kwayoyin halitta ba yayin haifuwa. Sabanin haka, 'ya'yan kwayoyin jima'i suna dauke da cakuda bazuwar chromosomes na iyayensu waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar iri-iri masu zaman kansu. A cikin wani tsari mai alaƙa da ake kira homologous recombination, kwayoyin jima'i suna musayar DNA tsakanin chromosomes guda biyu masu dacewa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Radding |first=Charles M. |date=December 1982 |title=Homologous Pairing and Strand Exchange in Genetic Recombination |journal=[[Annual Review of Genetics]] |volume=16 |pages=405–437 |doi=10.1146/annurev.ge.16.120182.002201 |issn=0066-4197 |pmid=6297377}}</ref> Sake haɗuwa da sake rarraba ba sa canza mitocin allele, amma a maimakon haka canza waɗanne alleles suna da alaƙa da juna, suna samar da zuriya tare da sababbin haɗuwa da alleles.<ref name="Agrawal-2006">{{Cite journal |last=Agrawal |first=Aneil F. |date=5 September 2006 |title=Evolution of Sex: Why Do Organisms Shuffle Their Genotypes? |journal=[[Current Biology]] |volume=16 |issue=17 |pages=R696–R704 |bibcode=2006CBio...16.R696A |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.063 |issn=0960-9822 |pmid=16950096 |s2cid=14739487}}</ref> Jima'i yawanci yana ƙara bambancin kwayar halitta kuma yana iya ƙara yawan juyin halitta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Peters |first=Andrew D. |last2=Otto |first2=Sarah P. |date=June 2003 |title=Liberating genetic variance through sex |journal=[[BioEssays]] |volume=25 |issue=6 |pages=533–537 |doi=10.1002/bies.10291 |issn=0265-9247 |pmid=12766942}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goddard |first=Matthew R. |last2=Godfray |first2=H. Charles J. |author-link2=Charles Godfray |last3=Burt |first3=Austin |date=31 March 2005 |title=Sex increases the efficacy of natural selection in experimental yeast populations |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2005-03-31_434_7033/page/636 |journal=Nature |volume=434 |issue=7033 |pages=636–640 |bibcode=2005Natur.434..636G |doi=10.1038/nature03405 |issn=0028-0836 |pmid=15800622 |s2cid=4397491}}</ref> John Maynard Smith ne ya fara bayyana farashin jima'i sau biyu.<ref name="maynard">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Maynard Smith|1978}}{{Page needed|date=December 2014}}</ref> Farashin farko shi ne cewa a cikin nau'ikan dimorphic na jima'i daya daga cikin maza da mata ne kawai zai iya haifar da yara. Wannan farashi ba ya aiki ga nau'in hermaphroditic, kamar yawancin tsire-tsire da yawancin invertebrates. Kudin na biyu shi ne cewa duk wani mutum wanda ke haifuwa ta hanyar jima'i zai iya ba da kashi 50% na kwayoyin halittarsa ga kowane ɗayan, tare da ma ƙasa da aka ba da ita yayin da kowane sabon ƙarni ya wuce.<ref name="ridley">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ridley|2004}}</ref> Duk da haka haihuwar jima'i ita ce hanyar da aka fi sani da haifuwa tsakanin eukaryotes da kwayoyin halitta masu yawa. An yi amfani da ra'ayin Red Queen don bayyana muhimmancin haihuwar jima'i a matsayin hanyar da za ta ba da damar ci gaba da juyin halitta da daidaitawa don mayar da martani ga coevolution tare da wasu nau'o'in a cikin yanayin da ke canzawa.<ref name="ridley" /><ref name="Van Valen-1973">{{Cite journal |last=Van Valen |first=Leigh |author-link=Leigh Van Valen |year=1973 |title=A New Evolutionary Law |url=https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/18310184/evolutionary-theory/vol-01/Vol.1%2CNo.1%2C1-30%2CL.%20Van%20Valen%2C%20A%20new%20evolutionary%20law..pdf |journal=Evolutionary Theory |volume=1 |pages=1–30 |issn=0093-4755 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222094258/https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/18310184/evolutionary-theory/vol-01/Vol.1%2CNo.1%2C1-30%2CL.%20Van%20Valen%2C%20A%20new%20evolutionary%20law..pdf |archive-date=22 December 2014 |access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="Hamilton-1990">{{Cite journal |last=Hamilton |first=W. D. |author-link=W. D. Hamilton |last2=Axelrod |first2=Robert |author-link2=Robert Axelrod (political scientist) |last3=Tanese |first3=Reiko |date=1 May 1990 |title=Sexual reproduction as an adaptation to resist parasites (a review) |journal=PNAS |volume=87 |issue=9 |pages=3566–3573 |bibcode=1990PNAS...87.3566H |doi=10.1073/pnas.87.9.3566 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=53943 |pmid=2185476 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Birdsell">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Birdsell|Wills|2003}}</ref> Wani ra'ayi shi ne cewa haihuwar jima'i da farko daidaitawa ne don inganta ingantaccen gyaran lalacewa a cikin DNA na kwayar cuta, kuma cewa karuwar bambancin shine samfurin wannan tsari wanda wani lokacin zai iya zama mai fa'ida. <ref>Bernstein H, Byerly HC, Hopf FA, Michod RE. Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex. Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1277–81. {{Doi|10.1126/science.3898363}}. <nowiki>PMID 3898363</nowiki></ref><ref>Bernstein H, Hopf FA, Michod RE. The molecular basis of the evolution of sex. Adv Genet. 1987;24:323-70. {{Doi|10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60012-7}}. <nowiki>PMID 3324702</nowiki></ref> === Gudun kwayoyin halitta === == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 72e0kfi0vsaps5ipp8dyrkdb45qmhqr Makarantar Grammar ta Tsakiya 0 130673 967781 786440 2026-10-15T05:36:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Grammar Central Coast''' makaranta ce mai zaman kanta [[Makarantar Firamare|ta firamare]] da sakandare, wacce ke a Erina Heights a bakin tekun Tsakiya na New South Wales, Ostiraliya. Makarantar tana ba da ilimi gabaɗaya ga kimanin ɗalibai 1,315 daga Shekarar K zuwa Shekara ta 12 ; kuma tana kan harabar makarantar {{Convert|17|ha|acre|0}} tare da gine-gine da yawa kamar Cibiyar Richard Lornie, wacce aka sanya wa suna bayan tsohon shugaban makarantar, gine-ginen Makarantar Junior don Kindergarten zuwa Aji 6, filin wasan tennis da ƙwallon kwando, wani oval na rugby da ake amfani da shi don dalilai da yawa da kuma filin wasan hockey. == Tarihi == An kafa makarantar a shekarar 1985, inda aka buɗe ta da malamai 16 da ɗalibai 185. Ita ce makaranta ta farko irinta a Tekun Tsakiya. An faɗaɗa ta a shekarun 1990, inda aka haɗa gine-gine daga tsohuwar Otal-Motel ta Erina.[1] == Shugabannin makarantu == Mutane masu zuwa sun yi aiki a matsayin shugabanni na Makarantar Grammar ta Central Coast: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Na yau da kullun ! Mai ofis ! Fara wa'adin zangon karatu ! Ƙarshen wa'adi ! Lokacin aiki a ofis ! Bayanan kula |- | align="center" | 1 | Ron Chambers | align="center" | 1985 | align="center" | 1987 | align="right" | Shekaru 1–2 | |- | align="center" | 2 | Richard Lornie OAM | align="center" | 1988 | align="center" | 2008 | align="right" | Shekaru 19–20 | <ref name="Doukakis" /> |- | align="center" | 3 | William Low | align="center" | 2009 | align="center" | 2023 | align="right" | Shekaru 16–17 | <ref name="Meet the Headmaster">{{Cite web |title=Meet the Headmaster |url=https://www.ccgs.nsw.edu.au/about/meet-headmaster |publisher=Central Coast Grammar School |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260101045621/https://www.ccgs.nsw.edu.au/about/meet-headmaster |archive-date=2026-01-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="center" | 4 | Phillip O'Regan | align="center" | 2024 | align="center" | ''mai aiki'' | align="right" | Shekaru 0 | <ref name="Meet the Headmaster" /> |} == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai == * Charlotte Mafi Kyau{{Spaced en dash}}'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai tallan kayan kawa * Caitlin De Wit{{Spaced en dash}}Ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na keken guragu na Australiya * Matt Graham{{Spaced en dash}}Mai wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara na Olympics <ref>{{Cite web |title=A History of Erina |url=http://vivid.blob.core.windows.net/gosford/Community/a-history-of-erina---fact-sheet.pdf?sfvrsn=2 |publisher=Gosford City Council }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Gordon Reid{{Spaced en dash}}Ɗan siyasa * Charlie Hunter{{Spaced en dash}}Ɗan tseren Olympics * Sam Corlett{{Spaced en dash}}ɗan wasan kwaikwayo == Duba kuma == * Jerin makarantun da ba na gwamnati ba a New South Wales == Makarantar == 0cfx1l6p4x9l8gfx4juxdkqpkn7beej Magana mai zurfi 0 133532 967749 774352 2026-10-15T02:30:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tintern Grammar''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tintern changes school name - News - Tintern Grammar |url=http://www.tintern.vic.edu.au/community/news/tintern-changes-school-name/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064144/http://www.tintern.vic.edu.au/community/news/tintern-changes-school-name/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> (wanda kuma aka sani da '''Tintern''' ) wata makaranta ce mai zaman kanta ta Anglican, makarantar kwana ta 'yan mata da maza da ke Ringwood East, wani yanki na [[Melbourne]], Victoria, Ostiraliya. An kafa Tintern a shekarar 1877 ta hannun Emma Bartlet Cook, kuma tana da tsarin rajista ba tare da zaɓe ba kuma a halin yanzu tana kula da ɗalibai sama da 890, daga ELC har zuwa Aji na 12, gami da ɗaliban ƙasashen waje. Cibiyar Koyon Farko da ke a wani wuri a Ringwood East, tana da tsarin ilmantarwa tare, yayin da 'yan mata da maza ke samun ilimi a tsarin ilmantarwa iri ɗaya a cikin yanayin jinsi ɗaya daga Shiri zuwa Shekara ta 9. A cikin shekaru 10 zuwa 12, yara maza da mata suna koyo tare a cikin azuzuwan ilimi tare. Makarantar memba ce ta makarantun gabas masu zaman kansu na Melbourne (EISM), ƙungiyar shugabannin makarantu na ƙarami ta Australiya (JSHAA), <ref name="JSHAA">{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=JSHAA Victorian Directory of Members |url=http://www.jshaa.asn.au/victoria/directory/index.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213101150/http://www.jshaa.asn.au/victoria/directory/index.asp |archive-date=2008-02-13 |access-date=2008-01-15 |website=Victoria Branch |publisher=Junior School Heads' Association of Australia}}</ref> ƙungiyar shugabannin makarantu masu zaman kansu ta Australiya (AHISA), <ref name="AHISA">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Victoria |url=http://www.ahisa.com.au/Display.aspx?tabid=3245 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307010312/http://www.ahisa.com.au/Display.aspx?tabid=3245 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=2008-03-07 |access-date=2008-02-01 |website=School Directory |publisher=Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia}}</ref> ƙungiyar makarantun 'yan mata ta Australasia (AGSA) <ref name="AGSA">{{Cite web |last=Butler |first=Jan |year=2006 |title=Member Schools |url=http://www.agsa.org.au/members.php?PageID=11&Alpha=T |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928131349/http://www.agsa.org.au/members.php?PageID=11&Alpha=T |archive-date=2007-09-28 |access-date=2008-01-15 |website=Members |publisher=The Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia}}</ref> kuma ta kasance memba ta farko a ƙungiyar ' yan mata ta Victoria (GSV). == Tarihi == An kafa Tintern a shekarar 1877 ta hannun Emma Cook. Ba tare da gamsuwa da kowace makaranta da aka kafa a Hawthorn ba, Cook ta ji tana buƙatar fara "makaranta mai kyau" <ref name="History" /> ga ƙananan 'ya'yanta mata huɗu da kuma ƙaramar 'ya'yanta maza biyar. Ba da daɗewa ba maƙwabta suka nemi Cook ta bar 'ya'yansu su yi rajista, kuma kamar yadda labarin ya yaɗu game da nasarorin makarantar, iyalai da yawa na ƙauye sun tura 'ya'yansu su halarta.<ref name="History">{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=130 years of Excellence |url=http://www.tintern.vic.edu.au/girls/130_years_of_excellence |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830235100/http://www.tintern.vic.edu.au/girls/130_years_of_excellence <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=2007-08-30 |access-date=2007-10-04 |website=Girls Grammar – Tintern |publisher=Tintern Schools}}</ref> Cocin Ingila Trust ta sayi makarantar a shekarar 1918, kuma wacce a da makaranta ce ta haɗin gwiwa, ta zama makaranta ga 'yan mata da aka sani da Makarantar Grammar 'Yan Mata ta Cocin Tintern ta Ingila. Ci gaba da bunƙasa ya haifar da buƙatar manyan kayan aiki na zamani, daga baya makarantar ta koma harabarta ta yanzu mai fadin 50 acres (20 ha), a Ringwood East a shekarar 1953. [1] An sayi wurin a watan Yunin 1946 akan £3,113.[2] A shekarar 1999, ƙarƙashin shugabancin Sylvia Walton (1982–2005), makarantar ta koma ga burin Cook na ilmantar da dukkan iyalin, tare da kafa makarantar 'yan'uwan Tintern, Southwood, wacce ke Ringwood.<ref name="History"/> == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai == An san tsofaffin ɗaliban Tintern da suna 'Tsoffin 'Yan Mata' ko 'Tsoffin 'Yan Mata' kuma suna zama membobin ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai ta makarantu, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Matan Tintern (TOGA) ko Ƙungiyar 'Yan Matan Southwood (SOBA).<ref name="TOGA">{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Old Grammarians |url=http://www.tintern.vic.edu.au/our_community/old_grammarians |access-date=2007-10-04 |website=Our Community |publisher=Tintern Schools |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830211155/http://www.tintern.vic.edu.au/our_community/old_grammarians |archive-date=2007-08-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin ɗaliban da suka gabata sun haɗa da: * Jo Bailey – Mai gabatarwa tare ''da Sale of the Century'' * Fifi Box - ɗan wasan barkwanci kuma mai watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo * Kimberley Chen - Shahararriyar mawaƙiya, kuma mai tallan kayan kwalliya a Taiwan * Elizabeth Eggleston - marubuciya kuma lauya * Jacqueline Felgate - 'yar jarida * Joan Gardner - Masanin kimiyyar ƙwayoyin cuta * Louise Hearman - mai zane * Scotty James – Zakaran gasar Olympics ta tagulla a kan dusar ƙanƙara, Gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta PyeongChang ta 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tintern changes school name - News - Tintern Grammar |url=http://www.tintern.vic.edu.au/community/news/tintern-changes-school-name/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064144/http://www.tintern.vic.edu.au/community/news/tintern-changes-school-name/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> * Judy Maddigan - memba a majalisar Essendon mai wakiltar ALP * Bridget McKenzie - ɗan siyasa * Hilary McPhee – abokiyar aikin mataimakin shugaban jami'a ta Jami'ar Melbourne kuma tsohuwar mai wallafawa <ref name="Crikey" /> * Celia Pacquola - 'yar barkwanci * Helen Quinn – Masanin kimiyyar lissafi da kuma malamar makaranta 'yar ƙasar Australiya-Amurka, kuma Jami'ar girmamawa ta Order of Australia. (Sunanta Helen Arnold lokacin da ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Grammar 'Yan Mata ta Cocin Tintern ta Ingila a shekarar 1959.) * Helen Reddy - mawaƙiya, marubuciya kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo * Phyllis Rountree (1911–1994) – masanin ƙwayoyin cuta * Penelope Thwaites - mai piano kuma mawaƙi a kade-kade * Tafaoimalo Leilani Tuala-Warren – Samoan alƙali * Kathy Watt – wacce ta lashe kyautar zinare a gasar Olympics ta Barcelona ta 1992 a tseren hanya <ref name="Crikey" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} ns3ywy5c7k98t7j6ydoz1v7gh6r118t Fim din Fifty 0 139749 967520 933179 2026-10-14T12:24:00Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347090059|Fifty (film)]]" 967520 wikitext text/x-wiki Kashi hamsin sun kama 'yan kwanaki masu mahimmanci na mata huɗu a saman ayyukansu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai ne guda huɗu da aka tilasta a tsakiyar rayuwarsu ta sirri yayin da suke yin aiki da iyali a kan bangarorin unguwanni na Legas.[1] Tola tauraruwar talabijin ce ta gaskiya wacce aurenta da lauya Kunle bai taba samun damar ba saboda asirin iyali mai banƙyama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng}}</ref> Elizabeth sanannen likitan haihuwa ne wanda sha'awar samari ta nisanta ta da 'yarta. Maria, mai shekaru arba'in da tara, tana da alaƙa da wani mutum mai aure wanda ya haifar da ciki ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yakin Kate da cutar da ke barazana ga rayuwa ya sanya ta cikin damuwa ta addini. == Masu ba da labari == === Babban aikin === * [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] a matsayin Elizabeth, wacce likitan haihuwa ce wacce sha'awar samari ta haifar da damuwa a dangantakarta da 'yarta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ireti Doyle |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] a matsayin Tola, wanda shine tauraron talabijin na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taba samun dama ba saboda asirin iyali mai banƙyama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Maria wacce mace ce mai shekaru arba'in da tara wacce ke da alaƙa da mutumin da ya yi aure wanda ya haifar da ciki ba zato ba tsammani <ref>{{Cite web |title=Omoni Oboli |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] a matsayin Kate wacce ke fama da cutar da ke barazana ga rayuwa wacce ta jefa ta cikin damuwa da addini <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe-Etim |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Wale Ojo]] a matsayin Kunle <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wale Ojo |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Kachi Nnochiri a matsayin Chike <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kachi Nnochiri |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Emmanuel Ikubese]] a matsayin Sammy <ref>{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Ikubese |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Kemi 'Lala' Akindoju a matsayin Chi Chi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kemi Akindoju |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Timini Egbuson]] a matsayin Jamal <ref>{{Cite web |title=Timini Egbuson |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Uzor Osimkpa a matsayin Sade <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uzor |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> === Taurari na baƙi === * [[Sunny Ade|Sarki Sunny Adé]] a matsayin kansa <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Sunny Ade |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075444/http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Femi Kuti a matsayin kansa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Femi Kuti |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075609/http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Nneka a matsayin kanta <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nneka |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075243/http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Tiwa Savage]] a matsayin kanta <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiwa Savage |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075925/http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Waje]] a matsayin kanta <ref>{{Cite web |title=Waje |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075514/http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> == Fitarwa == Shugaba na Ebony Life TV [[Mo Abudu]] ne ya samar da fim din.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mo Abudu |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/mo-abudu/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075817/http://fiftythemovie.com/mo-abudu/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> [[Biyi Bandele]] ne ya ba da umarni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biyi Bandele |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/biyi-bandele/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075420/http://fiftythemovie.com/biyi-bandele/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> == Saki == Fifty ya fara fitowa a London a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2015, wanda aka sayar da shi a cikin kwanaki hudu, kuma an gudanar da nunawa mai zaman kansa a Legas a wannan watan. Babban Firimiya ya kasance a ranar Lahadi, 13 ga Disamba 2015, a Eko Hotel da Suites . <ref name="Fifty" /> An saki fim din a gidajen silima a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2015. <ref name="Fifty">{{Cite web |date=4 September 2015 |title=Fifty set to film at the London film festival |url=http://ebonylifetv.com/ebonylife-films-debut-feature-movie-fifty-set-to-screen-at-bfi-london-film-festival-in-october/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=ebonylifetv.com}}</ref> == Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci == Fim din ya sadu da haɗuwa da sake dubawa mai kyau. Nollywood Reinvented ya kimanta fim din 52% kuma ya nuna rashin abun ciki da zurfinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fifty |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2016/01/fifty.html |website=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> hmtysfifa5m9gamnozu7ryl5gn75bwu 967521 967520 2026-10-14T12:24:37Z Salma Raddah 45959 967521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kashi hamsin sun kama 'yan kwanaki masu mahimmanci na mata huɗu a saman ayyukansu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai ne guda huɗu da aka tilasta a tsakiyar rayuwarsu ta sirri yayin da suke yin aiki da iyali a kan bangarorin unguwanni na Legas.[1] Tola tauraruwar talabijin ce ta gaskiya wacce aurenta da lauya Kunle bai taba samun damar ba saboda asirin iyali mai banƙyama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng}}</ref> Elizabeth sanannen likitan haihuwa ne wanda sha'awar samari ta nisanta ta da 'yarta. Maria, mai shekaru arba'in da tara, tana da alaƙa da wani mutum mai aure wanda ya haifar da ciki ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yakin Kate da cutar da ke barazana ga rayuwa ya sanya ta cikin damuwa ta addini. == Masu ba da labari == === Babban aikin === * [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] a matsayin Elizabeth, wacce likitan haihuwa ce wacce sha'awar samari ta haifar da damuwa a dangantakarta da 'yarta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ireti Doyle |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] a matsayin Tola, wanda shine tauraron talabijin na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taba samun dama ba saboda asirin iyali mai banƙyama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Maria wacce mace ce mai shekaru arba'in da tara wacce ke da alaƙa da mutumin da ya yi aure wanda ya haifar da ciki ba zato ba tsammani <ref>{{Cite web |title=Omoni Oboli |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] a matsayin Kate wacce ke fama da cutar da ke barazana ga rayuwa wacce ta jefa ta cikin damuwa da addini <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe-Etim |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Wale Ojo]] a matsayin Kunle <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wale Ojo |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Kachi Nnochiri a matsayin Chike <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kachi Nnochiri |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Emmanuel Ikubese]] a matsayin Sammy <ref>{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Ikubese |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Kemi 'Lala' Akindoju a matsayin Chi Chi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kemi Akindoju |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Timini Egbuson]] a matsayin Jamal <ref>{{Cite web |title=Timini Egbuson |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Uzor Osimkpa a matsayin Sade <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uzor |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> === Taurari na baƙi === * [[Sunny Ade|Sarki Sunny Adé]] a matsayin kansa <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Sunny Ade |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075444/http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Femi Kuti a matsayin kansa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Femi Kuti |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075609/http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Nneka a matsayin kanta <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nneka |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075243/http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Tiwa Savage]] a matsayin kanta <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiwa Savage |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075925/http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * [[Waje]] a matsayin kanta <ref>{{Cite web |title=Waje |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075514/http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> == Fitarwa == Shugaba na Ebony Life TV [[Mo Abudu]] ne ya samar da fim din.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mo Abudu |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/mo-abudu/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075817/http://fiftythemovie.com/mo-abudu/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> [[Biyi Bandele]] ne ya ba da umarni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biyi Bandele |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/biyi-bandele/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075420/http://fiftythemovie.com/biyi-bandele/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> == Saki == Fifty ya fara fitowa a London a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2015, wanda aka sayar da shi a cikin kwanaki hudu, kuma an gudanar da nunawa mai zaman kansa a Legas a wannan watan. Babban Firimiya ya kasance a ranar Lahadi, 13 ga Disamba 2015, a Eko Hotel da Suites . <ref name="Fifty" /> An saki fim din a gidajen silima a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2015. <ref name="Fifty">{{Cite web |date=4 September 2015 |title=Fifty set to film at the London film festival |url=http://ebonylifetv.com/ebonylife-films-debut-feature-movie-fifty-set-to-screen-at-bfi-london-film-festival-in-october/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=ebonylifetv.com}}</ref> == Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci == Fim din ya sadu da haɗuwa da sake dubawa mai kyau. Nollywood Reinvented ya kimanta fim din 52% kuma ya nuna rashin abun ciki da zurfinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fifty |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2016/01/fifty.html |website=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 6aaelfxehws3o5li1sksehp5uk9dq4f MediaWiki:Gadget-WikimediaHausaApp/main.vue 8 141941 967783 882387 2026-10-15T06:18:27Z Ammarpad 4826 Allow User:EUwandu-WMF to test application workflow 967783 vue application/vue+xml <template> <cdx-button action="progressive" weight="primary" @click="isDialogOpen = true"> Request Data Support </cdx-button> <cdx-dialog v-model:open="isDialogOpen" title="DSA" :class="dialogClass" :use-close-button="false" :primary-action="primaryAction" :default-action="defaultAction" @primary="onPrimaryAction" @default="onDefaultAction" > <template #header> <div class="ds-header-wrapper"> <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wikimedia_Hausa_logo.png/250px-Wikimedia_Hausa_logo.png" alt="Wikimedia Hausa" class="ds-header-logo" aria-hidden="true" /> <div class="ds-header-text"> <h3> {{ msg.title }} </h3> <span> {{ msg.subtitle }} </span> </div> <div> <cdx-button weight="quiet" aria-label="Close" @click="resetAndClose()"> <cdx-icon :icon="cdxIconClose" /> </cdx-button> </div> </div> </template> <template v-if="currentStep === STEPS.LOGIN"> <div class="illustration"> <div> <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Illustration_of_Wikimedia_editors_with_Wikipage_background.png/500px-Illustration_of_Wikimedia_editors_with_Wikipage_background.png" width="100%" height="180"> </div> </div> <h2> {{ msg.step_title }} </h2> <template v-if="isTempUser"> <p> {{ msg.step0_text_1 }} </p> </template> <template v-else> <p> {{ msg.step0_text_2 }} </p> </template> </template> <template v-if="currentStep === STEPS.DEFAULT"> <div class="illustration"> <div> <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Illustration_of_Wikimedia_editors_with_Wikipage_background.png/500px-Illustration_of_Wikimedia_editors_with_Wikipage_background.png" width="100%" height="180"> </div> </div> <h2> {{ msg.step_title }} </h2> <p> {{ msg.step_text}} </p> <cdx-field :is-fieldset="true"> <cdx-radio name="langradio" v-model="uiLanguage" input-value="en"> {{ msg.lang_en }} </cdx-radio> <cdx-radio name="langradio" v-model="uiLanguage" input-value="ha"> {{ msg.lang_ha }} </cdx-radio> </cdx-field> </template> <template v-if="currentStep === STEPS.WELCOME"> <div class="illustration"> <div> <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Illustration_of_Wikimedia_editors_with_Wikipage_background_2.png/500px-Illustration_of_Wikimedia_editors_with_Wikipage_background_2.png" width="100%" height="180"> </div> </div> <h2> {{ msg.step_title }} </h2> <p> {{ msg.step_text }} </p> </template> <template v-if="currentStep === STEPS.FORM"> <cdx-field> <template #label> {{ msg.name_label }} </template> <template #description> {{ msg.name_desc }} </template> <cdx-text-input :model-value="username" readonly /> </cdx-field> <cdx-field :status="stateStatus" :messages="stateMessages"> <template #label> {{ msg.state_label }} </template> <template #description> {{ msg.state_desc }} </template> <cdx-select v-model:selected="userState" :menu-items="stateNames" :default-label="msg.state_default" @update:selected="onStateSelection" /> </cdx-field> <cdx-field :status="textStatus" :messages="textMessages"> <cdx-text-area v-model="userText" rows="8" required @input="onTextInput" ></cdx-text-area> <template #label> {{ msg.apply_label }} </template> <template #description> {{ msg.apply_desc }} </template> </cdx-field> </template> <template v-if="currentStep === STEPS.SUBMITTED"> <div class="illustration"> <div> <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Illustration_of_Wikimedia_editors_with_Wikipage_background_2.png/500px-Illustration_of_Wikimedia_editors_with_Wikipage_background_2.png" width="100%" height="180"> </div> </div> <h2> {{ msg.step_title }} </h2> <p> {{ msg.step_text }} </p> </template> <template v-if="currentStep === STEPS.APPLIED"> <div class="illustration"> <div> <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Illustration_of_Wikimedia_editors_with_Wikipage_background_2.png/500px-Illustration_of_Wikimedia_editors_with_Wikipage_background_2.png" width="100%" height="180"> </div> </div> <h2> {{ msg.step_title }} </h2> <p> {{ msg.step_text }} </p> </template> <template v-if="currentStep === STEPS.CLOSED"> <div class="illustration"> <div> <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Illustration_of_Wikimedia_editors_with_Wikipage_background_2.png/500px-Illustration_of_Wikimedia_editors_with_Wikipage_background_2.png" width="100%" height="180"> </div> </div> <h2> {{ msg.step_title }} </h2> <p> {{ msg.step_text }} </p> </template> </cdx-dialog> </template> <script> const { CdxButton, CdxDialog, CdxSelect, CdxIcon, CdxRadio, CdxMessage, CdxTextInput, CdxTextArea, CdxField, } = require( '@wikimedia/codex' ); const { ref, computed, watch } = require( 'vue' ); const config = require( './config.json' ); const messages = require( './i18n.json' ); const statesData = require( './states.json' ); const { cdxIconClose } = require( '../icons.json' ); module.exports = { components: { CdxButton, CdxDialog, CdxSelect, CdxIcon, CdxRadio, CdxMessage, CdxTextInput, CdxTextArea, CdxField, }, setup() { const api = new mw.Api(); let date = new Date(); let lastAppDate = date.toLocaleDateString( 'en-GB', { day: 'numeric', month: 'long', year: 'numeric' } ); let currentApplications = {}; let applicationsLastRevId = 0; const pageDataLoaded = ref( false ); const pageTitle = `${config.page}/${config.year}/Cycle ${config.cycle}.json`; const userid = `u${mw.config.get( 'wgUserId' )}`; const username = mw.config.get( 'wgUserName' ); const isTempUser = mw.user.isTemp(); const loginRequired = !username || isTempUser; const currentStep = ref( 1 ); const uiLanguage = ref( 'en' ); const userText = ref( '' ); const userState = ref( null ); const isDialogOpen = ref( false ); const submitting = ref( false ); const ongoingRequest = ref( false ); const applicationsClosed = (() => { const now = new Date(); const start = new Date(`${config.startDate}T00:00:00`); const end = new Date(`${config.endDate}T23:59:59`); return now < start || now > end; })(); const msg = computed( () => { const data = messages[ uiLanguage.value ]; const finalMsgs = {}; for ( const key in data ) { let val = data[key]; if ( val.includes('{{') ) { val = val .replaceAll( '{{year}}', config.year ) .replaceAll( '{{username}}', username ) .replaceAll( '{{lastAppDate}}', lastAppDate ); } finalMsgs[key] = val; } [ 'title', 'text' ].forEach( ( suffix ) => { Object.defineProperty( finalMsgs, `step_${suffix}`, { get() { return finalMsgs[ `step${currentStep.value}_${suffix}` ]; }, enumerable: true } ); } ); return finalMsgs; }); const textStatus = ref( 'default' ); const stateStatus = ref( 'default' ); const textMessages = ref( [] ); const stateMessages = ref( [] ); const STEPS = { LOGIN: 0, DEFAULT: 1, WELCOME: 2, FORM: 3, SUBMITTED: 4, APPLIED: 5, CLOSED: 6, }; const beginLogin = () => { const loginUrl = mw.util.getUrl( 'Special:UserLogin', { returnto: config.page } ); isDialogOpen.value = false; window.location.href = loginUrl; } const resetAndClose = () => { if ( submitting.value ) { return; } userText.value = ''; userState.value = null; stateStatus.value = 'default'; textStatus.value = 'default'; currentStep.value = STEPS.DEFAULT; isDialogOpen.value = false; } const validateAndSubmit = () => { const m = msg.value; if ( !userState.value ) { stateStatus.value = 'error' stateMessages.value.error = m.error_no_state; return; } const text = userText.value.trim(); if ( text.length < config.minText ) { textStatus.value = 'error' textMessages.value.error = m.error_txt_short; return } if ( text.length > config.maxText ) { textStatus.value = 'error' textMessages.value.error = m.error_txt_long; return } submitting.value = true; const newApplication = { [ userid ]: { username, state: stateNames.find( s => s.value === userState.value ).label, status: 'pending', date: date.toISOString().slice( 0, 10 ), text, } }; submitApplication( newApplication ) .done( () => { currentStep.value = STEPS.SUBMITTED; pageDataLoaded.value = false; } ) .fail( ( code ) => { mw.notify( `${m.error_api}: ${code}`, { type: 'error' } ); } ) .always( () => { submitting.value = false; } ); } const onTextInput = () => textStatus.value = 'default'; const onStateSelection = () => stateStatus.value = 'default'; watch( currentStep, async ( screen ) => { if ( screen === STEPS.WELCOME ) { // Pre-fetch existing applications while reading the // Welcome screen text to reduce network latency on // transition to the subsequent screen. // Ignore errors, since we will rerun it later if it fails. pageDataLoaded.value || loadPageData().fail( () => {} ); } }); const openForm = async () => { if ( !pageDataLoaded.value ) { // Must wait for this now // todo: handle errors await loadPageData( true ); } if ( Object.hasOwn( currentApplications, userid ) ) { date = new Date( currentApplications[userid].date ) lastAppDate = date.toLocaleDateString( 'en-GB', { day: 'numeric', month: 'long', year: 'numeric' } ); currentStep.value = STEPS.APPLIED; return; } currentStep.value = STEPS.FORM; } const loadPageData = ( force = false ) => { if ( ongoingRequest.value ) { return $.Deferred().reject().promise(); } else if ( pageDataLoaded.value && !force ) { return $.Deferred().resolve().promise(); } ongoingRequest.value = true; return api.get( { action: 'query', titles: pageTitle, prop: 'revisions', rvprop: 'content|ids', rvslots: 'main', formatversion: 2 }).then( ( result ) => { const page = result.query.pages[0]; if ( !page.missing ) { applicationsLastRevId = page.revisions[0].revid; currentApplications = JSON.parse( page.revisions[0].slots.main.content ); } pageDataLoaded.value = true; }).always( () => { ongoingRequest.value = false; }); }; const submitApplication = ( data, attempts = 0 ) => { const content = { ...currentApplications, ...data }; return api.postWithToken( 'csrf', { action: 'edit', title: pageTitle, text: JSON.stringify( content, null, 4 ), contentmodel: 'json', baserevid: applicationsLastRevId, summary: 'Apply' } ).then( ( response ) => { return response; }, ( code, details ) => { // Since we pre-fetch data while at Welcome screen for // better UX, we now have a higher risk of a stale revision // id at submission point. // // We'll silently refetch the page data and retry submission // twice. In most cases even one attempt will suffice. if ( code === 'editconflict' && attempts < 3 ) { return loadPageData( true ).then( () => { return submitApplication( data, attempts + 1 ); } ); } return $.Deferred().reject( code, details ); } ); }; const onPrimaryAction = async () => { const step = currentStep.value; if ( step === STEPS.LOGIN ) { beginLogin(); return; } if ( step === STEPS.DEFAULT ) { initFormFlow(); return; } if ( step === STEPS.WELCOME ) { await openForm() return; } if ( step === STEPS.FORM ) { validateAndSubmit(); return; } if ( step >= STEPS.SUBMITTED ) { resetAndClose(); return; } } const initFormFlow = () => { // For demo and WMF reporting presentations const override = mw.user.getName() === 'Hausa Wikimedians User Group' || mw.user.getName() === 'EUwandu-WMF'; if ( applicationsClosed && !override ) { currentStep.value = STEPS.CLOSED; return; } currentStep.value = loginRequired ? STEPS.LOGIN : STEPS.WELCOME; }; const onDefaultAction = async () => { if ( currentStep.value <= STEPS.DEFAULT ) { isDialogOpen.value = false; return; } currentStep.value--; } const primaryLabel = ( step ) => { const m = msg.value; switch ( step ) { case STEPS.LOGIN: return m.login; case STEPS.DEFAULT: case STEPS.WELCOME: return m.next; case STEPS.FORM: return m.submit; case STEPS.SUBMITTED: case STEPS.APPLIED: case STEPS.CLOSED: return m.ok; } } const disableActions = ( currentStep.value === STEPS.FORM && submitting.value ) || ( currentStep.value === STEPS.WELCOME && ongoingRequest.value ); const primaryAction = computed( () => ( { label: primaryLabel( currentStep.value ), actionType: 'progressive', disabled: disableActions } ) ); const defaultAction = computed( () => { if ( currentStep.value >= STEPS.SUBMITTED ) { return null; } return { label: currentStep.value < STEPS.WELCOME ? msg.value.cancel : msg.value.back, disabled: disableActions }; } ); const dialogClass = computed( () => 'ds-app-dialog' + ( submitting.value ? ' submission' : '' ) ); const stateNames = statesData.states.map( ( name ) => ( { label: name, value: name.toLowerCase().replace( /\s+/g, '-' ) } ) ); return { msg, STEPS, cdxIconClose, dialogClass, isDialogOpen, userText, submitting, username, onDefaultAction, onPrimaryAction, primaryAction, defaultAction, textStatus, stateStatus, onTextInput, onStateSelection, stateNames, currentStep, uiLanguage, userState, textMessages, stateMessages, resetAndClose, isTempUser, lastAppDate, }; } }; </script> <style> .ds-app-dialog { min-height: 430px; h2 + p { white-space: pre-line; line-height: 1.6; } .cdx-select-vue { min-width: 100%; } h2 { font-size: 120%; margin-bottom: 0.6em; border-bottom: 1px solid #a2a9b1; } header { background-color: #eaf3ff; border-bottom: 2px solid #36c !important; padding: 4px 24px; display: block; position: relative; } .ds-header-wrapper { position: relative; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; } .ds-header-logo { position: absolute; left: -30px; top: 0px; width: 70px; height: auto; pointer-events: none; z-index: 1; opacity: 0.2; } .ds-header-text { position: relative; z-index: 2; flex: 1; h3 { margin: 0; font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: bold; } span { font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; margin-bottom: 6px; } } .illustration { position: relative; display: inline-block; pointer-events: none; width: 100%; } } </style> 0agkf6b0ygrtjh7xxcujkzis43u0hzf MediaWiki:Gadget-WikimediaHausaApp/config.json 8 143707 967794 956037 2026-10-15T08:42:42Z Ammarpad 4826 lower character threshold for WMF staff testing only 967794 json application/json { "page": "Wikipedia:Hausa Wikimedia Data Support", "year": "2026", "minText": "2", "maxText": "1000", "cycle": "4", "startDate": "2026-10-24", "endDate": "2026-10-31" } ghk11ho7g7swpi72ybza4y9pedojct5 Gidan Shagon Littattafai 0 148275 967728 907428 2026-10-15T00:13:07Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374125510|Bookshop House]]" 967728 wikitext text/x-wiki Gidan Littattafai (wanda kuma ake kira CSS Bookshop) [1] gini ne a Tsibirin Legas wanda ke arewa maso gabashin titin Broad a titin Odunlami. [2] Godwin da Hopwood Architects ne suka tsara shi [1] kuma an gina shi a 1973 [[File:Church_Missionary_Society_Bookshop_Lagos_c.1938.png|left|thumb|A waje na CMS Bookshop Lagos c.1938]] == Tarihi == Lokacin da masu wa'azi na CMS suka isa Najeriya a cikin shekarun 1850, wasu sun zauna a Marina, Legas inda suka bude karamin kantin sayar da Littafi Mai-Tsarki da sauran labaran Kirista. Daga baya aka sayi ginin da ke karbar shagon kuma an gina sabon tsari a 1927, Bishop Melville Jones ne ya keɓe wannan tsarin. Kasuwancin kasuwanci na CMS daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa CSS, Church and School Suppliers. <ref name=":0" />An rushe ginin da ya gabata kuma an gina gidan sayar da littattafai na yanzu a 1973. <ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == m64kpzb7ismq62gx5uvg25kgh012oue 967729 967728 2026-10-15T00:14:10Z Salma Raddah 45959 967729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gidan Littattafai (wanda kuma ake kira CSS Bookshop) [1] gini ne a Tsibirin Legas wanda ke arewa maso gabashin titin Broad a titin Odunlami. [2] Godwin da Hopwood Architects ne suka tsara shi [1] kuma an gina shi a 1973 [[File:Church_Missionary_Society_Bookshop_Lagos_c.1938.png|left|thumb|A waje na CMS Bookshop Lagos c.1938]] == Tarihi == Lokacin da masu wa'azi na CMS suka isa Najeriya a cikin shekarun 1850, wasu sun zauna a Marina, Legas inda suka bude karamin kantin sayar da Littafi Mai-Tsarki da sauran labaran Kirista. Daga baya aka sayi ginin da ke karbar shagon kuma an gina sabon tsari a 1927, Bishop Melville Jones ne ya keɓe wannan tsarin. Kasuwancin kasuwanci na CMS daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa CSS, Church and School Suppliers. <ref name=":0" />An rushe ginin da ya gabata kuma an gina gidan sayar da littattafai na yanzu a 1973. <ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == lxxn8zovr3h9g8jhe08h9d2l090o2c6 Bankin Union Na Legas 0 148276 967730 963847 2026-10-15T00:16:03Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374126495|Union Bank Building (Lagos)]]" 967730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building|name=Union Bank Building|image=|location=36 Marina, [[Lagos Island]], [[Lagos]], [[Lagos State]], Nigeria}}Ginin Bankin Union wani gini ne mai tsawo a Legas . [1] Ginin mai hawa 28 yana aiki a matsayin hedkwatar Bankin Tarayyar Najeriya. == Dubi kuma == * Tsarin gine-gine da gini * Jerin gine-gine mafi tsawo a Afirka == Manazarta == leb002oik9zsjlpe62hlvn306o32qz0 967731 967730 2026-10-15T00:16:51Z Salma Raddah 45959 967731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building|name=Union Bank Building|image=|location=36 Marina, [[Lagos Island]], [[Lagos]], [[Lagos State]], Nigeria}}{{Databox}} Ginin Bankin Union wani gini ne mai tsawo a Legas . [1] Ginin mai hawa 28 yana aiki a matsayin hedkwatar Bankin Tarayyar Najeriya. == Dubi kuma == * Tsarin gine-gine da gini * Jerin gine-gine mafi tsawo a Afirka == Manazarta == cngunicelvcv8mfkpa44gvd6jyvq9as Mai dafa ayaba 0 148959 967768 876942 2026-10-15T03:57:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Frytter na ayaba''' wani irin [[fritter]] ne da aka yi da [[ayaba]] ko plantain da aka soya a cikin man girki mai zafi. Abinci ne da aka saba ci a duk kudu maso gabashin Asiya,musamman a [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], da Kudancin Indiya . == Nau'o'i == === Brunei === Busasshen ayaba wani abincin gargajiya ne a [[Brunei]], inda ake kiransa {{Lang|ms|cucur pisang}} . Suna kama da ''pisang goreng'' a Indonesia da Malaysia . {{Lang|ms|Cucur pisang madu}}, wani nau'in {{Lang|ms|cucur pisang}} an yi shi da zuma, suna shahara a matsayin abincin rana mai sauƙi ( {{Lang|ms|minum petang}} ). === Cambodia === [[Fayil:Noum_Chek_Chien.jpg|left|thumb|Soyayyen ayaba na Cambodia a kasuwa a Siem Reap]] A cikin Khmer, ana kiran gwanon ayaba ''num chek chien'' ( {{Lang|km|នំចេកចៀន}} Ana yin su ta hanyar tsoma ayaba mai laushi a cikin cakuda garin shinkafa, [[Riɗi|tsaban ridi]], farin kwai da [[Madara ta kwakwa|madarar kwakwa]] da aka ƙara [[gishiri]] da [[sukari]] sannan a soya su sosai a cikin mai mai zafi har sai sun yi kauri da launin zinari. Soyayyen ayaba na Cambodia sun fi daɗi fiye da zaki kuma galibi ana cin su a matsayin abun ciye-ciye tare da ice cream [[Attagara|na kwakwa]] a matsayin abin da aka fi so. Shahararren shagon soyayyen ayaba a Cambodia shine ''Chek Chean Pises'' wanda ke aiki tun 2000 wanda ke da wurare biyu a [[Phnom Penh]] - a Mao Tse Tong Boulevard da Kampuchea Krom Boulevard. === Indiya === ==== Kudancin Indiya ==== [[Fayil:Pazhampori.jpg|right|thumb|''Vazhakkappam'' in [[Kerala]], [[Indiya]]]] ''Vazhakkappam'' ko ''pazham pori'' ( Malayalam ), wanda kuma aka sani da ''ethakka appam'', abinci ne mai soyayyen abinci tare da [[ayaba]] ko plantain da aka nuna da garin maida . Abincin da aka fi so a cikin abincin Kudancin Indiya, musamman a [[Kerala]], galibi ana cin sa a matsayin [[karin kumallo]] ko abun ciye-ciye. Ana kiransa da ''balekayi bajji'' ( {{Lang|kn|ಬಾಳೆಕಾಯಿ ಬಜ್ಜಿ}} ) in [[Kannada]], ''vazhakkay bajji'' in [[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]], and ''aratikaya bajji'' ( {{Lang|te|అరటికాయ బజ్జి}} ) a cikin [[Talgu|harshen Telugu]] . Ana yin ''Pazham pori'' ne galibi daga ayaba ko plantain. Ana yanka plantain tsawon lokaci bayan an bare sannan a tsoma shi a cikin batter da aka yi da fulawa mai amfani, gishiri, garin kurkuma da sukari. Sannan a soya shi a cikin mai har sai ya yi launin ruwan zinari. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-02 |title=Pazham Pori / Ethakka appam - Kerala Recipes |url=http://www.tastycircle.com/recipe/pazham-pori/ |access-date=2019-02-22 |website=Tasty Circle |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318232151/https://www.tastycircle.com/recipe/pazham-pori/ |archive-date=2024-03-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A sauran jihohin Kudancin Indiya na [[Karnataka]] da [[Tamil Nadu]], duk da haka, ana yin sa ne ta amfani da garin besan . A jihar [[Kerala]], fritters na ayaba suna da muhimmiyar rawa ta al'adu da abinci kuma ana kiransu da ''pazham pori'' ko ''ethakka appam'' . Yawanci ana shirya su ne ta amfani da ayaba ''nendran'' da suka nuna, wanda ke ba wa fritters dandano da laushi na musamman. Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan fritters da yawa ba, ana yin su ne da kansu a matsayin abincin dare tare da shayi kuma ba a haɗa su da curry ko abincin gefe ba. Ana yin ''Pazham pori'' yawanci tare da shayi ko chai a matsayin abun ciye-ciye da yamma. A wasu gidajen cin abinci a [[Kerala|Kerala,]] ana yin pazham pori tare da naman sa . === Indonesiya === [[Fayil:Pisang_goreng_in_a_basket.jpg|thumb|''[[Fritter|Gorengan]]'' (fritter) mai sayar da titin Indonesiya yana ba da ''pisang goreng'' .]] [[Fayil:Menggoreng_bakwan_dan_pisang_goreng.JPG|thumb|Frying ''pisang goreng'' in Karimun Jawa]] A [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], ana kiran fritters na ayaba da ''pisang goreng'' . Masu sayar da kaya a kan titi galibi suna sayar da su, A Indonesia, ana soya ''pisang goreng'' a cikin man girki mai yawa; ana iya shafa su da batter ko a'a. Sau da yawa ana amfani da Plantain maimakon ayaba. A al'ada, wasu nau'ikan ayaba kamar pisang raja, pisang tanduk da pisang kepok sune nau'ikan ayaba da aka fi amfani da su don pisang goreng. Waɗannan nau'ikan ayaba suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da tsami da kuma laushi mai ƙarfi wanda ba zai murƙushe ba bayan an soya su. Duk da haka, Pisang raja yana da laushi da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. [1] Sau da yawa ana baƙanta ayaba sannan a soya ta cikin man dabino mai yawa. Ana iya baƙanta Pisang goreng ko a soya ta da ɗanɗano. Baƙatar ta fi amfani da haɗin gari, ko dai alkama, garin shinkafa, tapioca ko burodi . Girke-girke da yawa na iya ƙara madarar kwakwa ko madara da ruwan vanilla a cikin baƙatar don ƙara ƙamshi. [2] Yawancin masu siyar da kaya na gargajiya a titi za su sayar da su kamar yadda suke, ba tare da ƙarin sinadarai ko abubuwan da aka ƙara ba. Duk da haka, shagunan kofi masu tsada, gidajen cin abinci da gidajen cin abinci suna ba da ƙarin pisang goreng mai tsada wanda aka yayyafa da sukari foda, sukari kirfa, cuku, jam, madara mai ɗanɗano, cakulan ko ice cream na vanilla . == Manazarta == ktc8hyk401jwi0unsfk6cykmsbrlzgu Okey Ndibe 0 153445 967710 883947 2026-10-14T23:25:22Z M Bash Ne 12403 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380044394|Okey Ndibe]]" 967710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Okechukwu'''Listenⓘ "'''Okey" Ndibe (an haife shi a shekarar 1960) marubuci ne a fannin labarai, marubuci a fannin siyasa, kuma marubuci ɗan ƙabilar Igbo. An haifi Ndibe a Yola, babban birnin jihar Adamawa, arewa maso gabashin Najeriya'''. Shi ne marubucin Arrows of Rain and Foreign Gods, Inc.,[2] littattafai biyu masu daraja da aka buga a shekarar 2000 da 2014 bi da bi..{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2022}} == Ayyuka == Ndibe ya yi aiki a Najeriya a matsayin ɗan jarida da editan mujallar, kuma ya zo Amurka a cikin shekarar 1988 a gayyatar sanannen marubucin Najeriya [[Chinua Achebe]] . A ƙasar Amurka, Ndibe ya taimaka wajen gano African Commentary, mujallar da aka bayyana a matsayin "mai cin nasara da kuma karɓuwa". Ndibe tana da MFA a rubuce da PhD a adabi daga Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Media |date=2018-06-05 |title=Biography Of Okey Ndibe |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-okey-ndibe/ |access-date=2020-05-13 |website=Media Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da rubutawa don mujallu da takardu a ƙasar Amurka, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta shekarar 2001 Association of Opinion Page Editors don mafi kyawun rubutun ra'ayi a cikin jaridar Amurka don rubutun sa "Eyes to the Ground: The Perils of the Black Student".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guest Talk: Stories That Must Be Told, with Okey Ndibe, Wednesday, 4/1, 6-8pm - Gottesman Libraries |url=https://library.tc.columbia.edu/news/1260 |access-date=2020-05-25 |website=library.tc.columbia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=okeynd5_wp |title=ABOUT |url=http://okeyndibe.com/about |access-date=2020-05-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ndibe ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a kwalejoji da yawa, ciki har da Kwalejin Connecticut, Kwalejin Bard a Simon's Rock, Kwaleji ta Trinity a Hartford, Connecticut, da Jami'ar Brown. A halin yanzu shi ne Shearing Fellow a Cibiyar Black Mountain a Jami'ar Nevada, [[Las Vegas]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Mountain Institute |url=http://blackmountaininstitute.org/programs/fellows/2015_16.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911070918/http://blackmountaininstitute.org/programs/fellows/2015_16.php |archive-date=2016-09-11 |access-date=2016-08-31 |website=Black Mountain Institute}}</ref> Ndibe marubucin gajeren labari ne, litattafai, shayari da sharhi na siyasa. Shi marubuci ne na yau da kullun na NEXT, jaridar Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 1960 |title=Biography of Okechukwu Ndibe |url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/okechukwu-ndibe/ |access-date=5 April 2025 |website=Biography.igbopeople.org |publisher=Igbo People Biographies}}</ref> Ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga wasu wallafe-wallafe da yawa, ciki har da The ''Hartford Courant'', The Fabian Society Journal, ''Black Issues Book Review'', [[BBC]] Online. Ya ba da gudummawar waka ga Anthology of New West African Poets . Littafinsa na farko, mai taken Arrows of Rain, an buga shi a cikin shekarar 2000. Littafinsa na biyu, Foreign Gods, Incorporated, Soho Press ne ya buga shi a cikin shekarar 2014; an kira shi ɗaya daga cikin littattafai mafi kyau na shekara ta irin waɗannan wallafe-wallafen kamar The New York Times, Inquirer, Cleveland Plain Dealer, da ''Mosaic'', tare da kasancewa a cikin jerin littattafan Rediyon Jama'a na Kasa na shekarar 2014 . == Buga da karɓar == Mawallafin Nobel [[Wole Soyinka]] ("... wani lokaci tun lokacin da na fahimci alƙawarin ƙirƙirar a wannan matakin"), John Edgar Wideman ("fiction na farko"), [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o|Ngugi wa Thiong'o]] ("Moliere-kamar"), Janet Maslin na ''[[New York Times]]'' ("razor-sharp"), ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' ("Ndibe yana da kunne mara iyaka ga sauye-sauyen kalmomin mutanen karkara na Najeriya"), da kuma mujallar Paste ("kimanin cikakke"), da sauransu da yawa. Janet Maslin, Philadelphia Inquirer, National Public Radio, ''Mosaic'' magazine, Cleveland Plain Dealer, da sauransu, sun kira Foreign Gods, Inc. ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun littattafai 10 ko mafi ban mamaki na shekarar 2014. The Houston, Texas-based USAfricaonline.com mai suna Ndibe ta "Afirka Writer of 2014". <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2014-12-29 |title=USAfrica names Okey Ndibe African Writer of the Year 2014 |url=https://usafricaonline.com/2014/12/28/usafrica-names-okey-ndibe-african-writer-year-2014/ |access-date=2020-05-13 |website=USAfrica |language=en-US}}</ref> Ndibe co-editor ne (tare da marubucin Zimbabwean Chenjerai Hove) na tarin rubutun da ake kira Writers, Writing on Conflicts and Wars in Africa (Adonis Abbey, 2009). Ndibe ya koma Amurka a shekarar 1988 don zama editan kafa African Commentary, mujallar da aka bayyana a matsayin "mai cin nasara da kuma karbuwa sosai".<ref name="auto" />Rubutun nasa "My Biafran Eyes," game da kwarewarsa na yaro na yaki, an buga shi a cikin Best of the Web 2008 (Dzanc Books). An buga waƙoƙinsa a cikin New West African Poets, wanda marubucin Gambian Tijan Sallah ya shirya. Ndibe ya koyar a Jami'ar Brown da ke Providence, Rhode Island, Kwalejin Trinity da ke Hartford, Connecticut, Simon's Rock of Bard College a Great Barrington, MA, Kwaleji ta Connecticut, New London, CT, da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] (a matsayin Masanin Fulbright). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Okey Ndibe Speaks At Asaba Memorial Monument Parks Fund Raising On October 29th 2011 |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/73057/okey-ndibe-speaks-at-asaba-memorial-monument-parks-fund-rais.html |access-date=2020-05-13 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> A halin yanzu yana aiki a kan wani labari mai taken Return Flights da kuma wani tarihin, Going Dutch da sauran American Mis / Adventures .''Going Dutch da sauran Mis / Adventures na Amurka.'' == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == * == Manazarta == * [https://okeyndibe.com/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] * [http://www.guernicamag.com/features/386/my_biafran_eyes_1/http://www.guernicamag.com/fiction/18/from_foreign_gods_inc/ Alloli na kasashen waje, An haɗa su] * [https://www.sohopress.com/ SOHO Press] * [https://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6880&loclr=eanw Webcast Okey Ndibe a Laburaren Majalisa, 21 ga Mayu 2015] * Appearancesa kanC-SPAN [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] 0lgij6g5zg57exvns6p4dawraipyhav 967711 967710 2026-10-14T23:26:21Z M Bash Ne 12403 /* Manazarta */ 967711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Okechukwu'''Listenⓘ "'''Okey" Ndibe (an haife shi a shekarar 1960) marubuci ne a fannin labarai, marubuci a fannin siyasa, kuma marubuci ɗan ƙabilar Igbo. An haifi Ndibe a Yola, babban birnin jihar Adamawa, arewa maso gabashin Najeriya'''. Shi ne marubucin Arrows of Rain and Foreign Gods, Inc.,[2] littattafai biyu masu daraja da aka buga a shekarar 2000 da 2014 bi da bi..{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2022}} == Ayyuka == Ndibe ya yi aiki a Najeriya a matsayin ɗan jarida da editan mujallar, kuma ya zo Amurka a cikin shekarar 1988 a gayyatar sanannen marubucin Najeriya [[Chinua Achebe]] . A ƙasar Amurka, Ndibe ya taimaka wajen gano African Commentary, mujallar da aka bayyana a matsayin "mai cin nasara da kuma karɓuwa". Ndibe tana da MFA a rubuce da PhD a adabi daga Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Media |date=2018-06-05 |title=Biography Of Okey Ndibe |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-okey-ndibe/ |access-date=2020-05-13 |website=Media Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da rubutawa don mujallu da takardu a ƙasar Amurka, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta shekarar 2001 Association of Opinion Page Editors don mafi kyawun rubutun ra'ayi a cikin jaridar Amurka don rubutun sa "Eyes to the Ground: The Perils of the Black Student".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guest Talk: Stories That Must Be Told, with Okey Ndibe, Wednesday, 4/1, 6-8pm - Gottesman Libraries |url=https://library.tc.columbia.edu/news/1260 |access-date=2020-05-25 |website=library.tc.columbia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=okeynd5_wp |title=ABOUT |url=http://okeyndibe.com/about |access-date=2020-05-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ndibe ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a kwalejoji da yawa, ciki har da Kwalejin Connecticut, Kwalejin Bard a Simon's Rock, Kwaleji ta Trinity a Hartford, Connecticut, da Jami'ar Brown. A halin yanzu shi ne Shearing Fellow a Cibiyar Black Mountain a Jami'ar Nevada, [[Las Vegas]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Mountain Institute |url=http://blackmountaininstitute.org/programs/fellows/2015_16.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911070918/http://blackmountaininstitute.org/programs/fellows/2015_16.php |archive-date=2016-09-11 |access-date=2016-08-31 |website=Black Mountain Institute}}</ref> Ndibe marubucin gajeren labari ne, litattafai, shayari da sharhi na siyasa. Shi marubuci ne na yau da kullun na NEXT, jaridar Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 1960 |title=Biography of Okechukwu Ndibe |url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/okechukwu-ndibe/ |access-date=5 April 2025 |website=Biography.igbopeople.org |publisher=Igbo People Biographies}}</ref> Ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga wasu wallafe-wallafe da yawa, ciki har da The ''Hartford Courant'', The Fabian Society Journal, ''Black Issues Book Review'', [[BBC]] Online. Ya ba da gudummawar waka ga Anthology of New West African Poets . Littafinsa na farko, mai taken Arrows of Rain, an buga shi a cikin shekarar 2000. Littafinsa na biyu, Foreign Gods, Incorporated, Soho Press ne ya buga shi a cikin shekarar 2014; an kira shi ɗaya daga cikin littattafai mafi kyau na shekara ta irin waɗannan wallafe-wallafen kamar The New York Times, Inquirer, Cleveland Plain Dealer, da ''Mosaic'', tare da kasancewa a cikin jerin littattafan Rediyon Jama'a na Kasa na shekarar 2014 . == Buga da karɓar == Mawallafin Nobel [[Wole Soyinka]] ("... wani lokaci tun lokacin da na fahimci alƙawarin ƙirƙirar a wannan matakin"), John Edgar Wideman ("fiction na farko"), [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o|Ngugi wa Thiong'o]] ("Moliere-kamar"), Janet Maslin na ''[[New York Times]]'' ("razor-sharp"), ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' ("Ndibe yana da kunne mara iyaka ga sauye-sauyen kalmomin mutanen karkara na Najeriya"), da kuma mujallar Paste ("kimanin cikakke"), da sauransu da yawa. Janet Maslin, Philadelphia Inquirer, National Public Radio, ''Mosaic'' magazine, Cleveland Plain Dealer, da sauransu, sun kira Foreign Gods, Inc. ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun littattafai 10 ko mafi ban mamaki na shekarar 2014. The Houston, Texas-based USAfricaonline.com mai suna Ndibe ta "Afirka Writer of 2014". <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2014-12-29 |title=USAfrica names Okey Ndibe African Writer of the Year 2014 |url=https://usafricaonline.com/2014/12/28/usafrica-names-okey-ndibe-african-writer-year-2014/ |access-date=2020-05-13 |website=USAfrica |language=en-US}}</ref> Ndibe co-editor ne (tare da marubucin Zimbabwean Chenjerai Hove) na tarin rubutun da ake kira Writers, Writing on Conflicts and Wars in Africa (Adonis Abbey, 2009). Ndibe ya koma Amurka a shekarar 1988 don zama editan kafa African Commentary, mujallar da aka bayyana a matsayin "mai cin nasara da kuma karbuwa sosai".<ref name="auto" />Rubutun nasa "My Biafran Eyes," game da kwarewarsa na yaro na yaki, an buga shi a cikin Best of the Web 2008 (Dzanc Books). An buga waƙoƙinsa a cikin New West African Poets, wanda marubucin Gambian Tijan Sallah ya shirya. Ndibe ya koyar a Jami'ar Brown da ke Providence, Rhode Island, Kwalejin Trinity da ke Hartford, Connecticut, Simon's Rock of Bard College a Great Barrington, MA, Kwaleji ta Connecticut, New London, CT, da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] (a matsayin Masanin Fulbright). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Okey Ndibe Speaks At Asaba Memorial Monument Parks Fund Raising On October 29th 2011 |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/73057/okey-ndibe-speaks-at-asaba-memorial-monument-parks-fund-rais.html |access-date=2020-05-13 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> A halin yanzu yana aiki a kan wani labari mai taken Return Flights da kuma wani tarihin, Going Dutch da sauran American Mis / Adventures .''Going Dutch da sauran Mis / Adventures na Amurka.'' == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == * == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin Haɗin waje === * [https://okeyndibe.com/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] * [http://www.guernicamag.com/features/386/my_biafran_eyes_1/http://www.guernicamag.com/fiction/18/from_foreign_gods_inc/ Alloli na kasashen waje, An haɗa su] * [https://www.sohopress.com/ SOHO Press] * [https://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6880&loclr=eanw Webcast Okey Ndibe a Laburaren Majalisa, 21 ga Mayu 2015] * Appearancesa kanC-SPAN [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] 448zt8c47c7v7n6z7eru224dhdkai7f 967712 967711 2026-10-14T23:26:44Z M Bash Ne 12403 967712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Okechukwu'''Listenⓘ "'''Okey" Ndibe (an haife shi a shekarar 1960) marubuci ne a fannin labarai, marubuci a fannin siyasa, kuma marubuci ɗan ƙabilar Igbo. An haifi Ndibe a Yola, babban birnin jihar Adamawa, arewa maso gabashin Najeriya'''. Shi ne marubucin Arrows of Rain and Foreign Gods, Inc.,[2] littattafai biyu masu daraja da aka buga a shekarar 2000 da 2014 bi da bi..{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2022}} == Ayyuka == Ndibe ya yi aiki a Najeriya a matsayin ɗan jarida da editan mujallar, kuma ya zo Amurka a cikin shekarar 1988 a gayyatar sanannen marubucin Najeriya [[Chinua Achebe]] . A ƙasar Amurka, Ndibe ya taimaka wajen gano African Commentary, mujallar da aka bayyana a matsayin "mai cin nasara da kuma karɓuwa". Ndibe tana da MFA a rubuce da PhD a adabi daga Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Media |date=2018-06-05 |title=Biography Of Okey Ndibe |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-okey-ndibe/ |access-date=2020-05-13 |website=Media Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da rubutawa don mujallu da takardu a ƙasar Amurka, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta shekarar 2001 Association of Opinion Page Editors don mafi kyawun rubutun ra'ayi a cikin jaridar Amurka don rubutun sa "Eyes to the Ground: The Perils of the Black Student".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guest Talk: Stories That Must Be Told, with Okey Ndibe, Wednesday, 4/1, 6-8pm - Gottesman Libraries |url=https://library.tc.columbia.edu/news/1260 |access-date=2020-05-25 |website=library.tc.columbia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=okeynd5_wp |title=ABOUT |url=http://okeyndibe.com/about |access-date=2020-05-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ndibe ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a kwalejoji da yawa, ciki har da Kwalejin Connecticut, Kwalejin Bard a Simon's Rock, Kwaleji ta Trinity a Hartford, Connecticut, da Jami'ar Brown. A halin yanzu shi ne Shearing Fellow a Cibiyar Black Mountain a Jami'ar Nevada, [[Las Vegas]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Mountain Institute |url=http://blackmountaininstitute.org/programs/fellows/2015_16.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911070918/http://blackmountaininstitute.org/programs/fellows/2015_16.php |archive-date=2016-09-11 |access-date=2016-08-31 |website=Black Mountain Institute}}</ref> Ndibe marubucin gajeren labari ne, litattafai, shayari da sharhi na siyasa. Shi marubuci ne na yau da kullun na NEXT, jaridar Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 1960 |title=Biography of Okechukwu Ndibe |url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/okechukwu-ndibe/ |access-date=5 April 2025 |website=Biography.igbopeople.org |publisher=Igbo People Biographies}}</ref> Ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga wasu wallafe-wallafe da yawa, ciki har da The ''Hartford Courant'', The Fabian Society Journal, ''Black Issues Book Review'', [[BBC]] Online. Ya ba da gudummawar waka ga Anthology of New West African Poets . Littafinsa na farko, mai taken Arrows of Rain, an buga shi a cikin shekarar 2000. Littafinsa na biyu, Foreign Gods, Incorporated, Soho Press ne ya buga shi a cikin shekarar 2014; an kira shi ɗaya daga cikin littattafai mafi kyau na shekara ta irin waɗannan wallafe-wallafen kamar The New York Times, Inquirer, Cleveland Plain Dealer, da ''Mosaic'', tare da kasancewa a cikin jerin littattafan Rediyon Jama'a na Kasa na shekarar 2014 . == Buga da karɓar == Mawallafin Nobel [[Wole Soyinka]] ("... wani lokaci tun lokacin da na fahimci alƙawarin ƙirƙirar a wannan matakin"), John Edgar Wideman ("fiction na farko"), [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o|Ngugi wa Thiong'o]] ("Moliere-kamar"), Janet Maslin na ''[[New York Times]]'' ("razor-sharp"), ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' ("Ndibe yana da kunne mara iyaka ga sauye-sauyen kalmomin mutanen karkara na Najeriya"), da kuma mujallar Paste ("kimanin cikakke"), da sauransu da yawa. Janet Maslin, Philadelphia Inquirer, National Public Radio, ''Mosaic'' magazine, Cleveland Plain Dealer, da sauransu, sun kira Foreign Gods, Inc. ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun littattafai 10 ko mafi ban mamaki na shekarar 2014. The Houston, Texas-based USAfricaonline.com mai suna Ndibe ta "Afirka Writer of 2014". <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2014-12-29 |title=USAfrica names Okey Ndibe African Writer of the Year 2014 |url=https://usafricaonline.com/2014/12/28/usafrica-names-okey-ndibe-african-writer-year-2014/ |access-date=2020-05-13 |website=USAfrica |language=en-US}}</ref> Ndibe co-editor ne (tare da marubucin Zimbabwean Chenjerai Hove) na tarin rubutun da ake kira Writers, Writing on Conflicts and Wars in Africa (Adonis Abbey, 2009). Ndibe ya koma Amurka a shekarar 1988 don zama editan kafa African Commentary, mujallar da aka bayyana a matsayin "mai cin nasara da kuma karbuwa sosai".<ref name="auto" />Rubutun nasa "My Biafran Eyes," game da kwarewarsa na yaro na yaki, an buga shi a cikin Best of the Web 2008 (Dzanc Books). An buga waƙoƙinsa a cikin New West African Poets, wanda marubucin Gambian Tijan Sallah ya shirya. Ndibe ya koyar a Jami'ar Brown da ke Providence, Rhode Island, Kwalejin Trinity da ke Hartford, Connecticut, Simon's Rock of Bard College a Great Barrington, MA, Kwaleji ta Connecticut, New London, CT, da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] (a matsayin Masanin Fulbright). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Okey Ndibe Speaks At Asaba Memorial Monument Parks Fund Raising On October 29th 2011 |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/73057/okey-ndibe-speaks-at-asaba-memorial-monument-parks-fund-rais.html |access-date=2020-05-13 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> A halin yanzu yana aiki a kan wani labari mai taken Return Flights da kuma wani tarihin, Going Dutch da sauran American Mis / Adventures .''Going Dutch da sauran Mis / Adventures na Amurka.'' == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == * == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin Haɗin waje === * [https://okeyndibe.com/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] * [http://www.guernicamag.com/features/386/my_biafran_eyes_1/http://www.guernicamag.com/fiction/18/from_foreign_gods_inc/ Alloli na kasashen waje, An haɗa su] * [https://www.sohopress.com/ SOHO Press] * [https://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6880&loclr=eanw Webcast Okey Ndibe a Laburaren Majalisa, 21 ga Mayu 2015] * Appearancesa kanC-SPAN [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] 2wer9xsulr1kn5q904a4nqopg0msp0p Mai binciken Aulonocara 0 157054 967767 855761 2026-10-15T03:56:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Aulonocara auditor''''' wani nau'in haplochromine cichlid ne da ke zaune a [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Malawi]] . An san shi ne kawai daga holotype da aka tattara a arewacin Tafkin Malawi kusa da Vua, Malawi. IUCN ta bayyana cewa wannan nau'in na iya ɓacewa saboda yanayin rairayin bakin teku a cikin iyakataccen kewayonsa amma akwai iƙirarin cewa an lura da shi a cikin 1989 kuma yana da yawa, <ref name="Konings">{{Cite web |last=Ad Konings |date=10 September 1996 |title=''Aulonocara auditor'' (Trewavas, 1935) |url=https://www.cichlidae.com/article.php?id=27 |access-date=1 December 2018 |publisher=Cichlid Room Companion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201180733/https://www.cichlidae.com/article.php?id=27 |archive-date=1 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> kodayake daga baya an janye wannan kuma an bayyana cewa waɗannan abubuwan sun shafi ''Aulonocara aquilonium'' . Bayan binciken holotype, wannan binciken ya kuma nuna cewa ''A. auditor'' bazai zama nau'in ''[[Aulonocara]]'' ba kuma ana buƙatar tattara ƙarin kayan aiki da kuma nazarin su. <ref name="Review">{{Cite journal |last=Ad Konings |year=1995 |title=A review of the sand-dwelling species of the genus ''Aulonocara'', with the description of three new species |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237091725 |journal=The Cichlids Yearbook |volume=5 |pages=26–36}}</ref> == Manazarta == allsy4e7kc56a39joaeaykwknek1lh7 Jerin miyar taushe 0 157293 967630 859791 2026-10-14T19:45:23Z SpinnerLaserzthe2nd 12995 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Saltah.gif]] → [[File:Saltah.jpg]] 967630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Wannan shine '''jerin sanannun miyar taushe.''' Saki shine haɗuwa da sinadaran [[abinci]] masu ƙarfi waɗanda aka dafa a cikin ruwa kuma aka ba da su a cikin ruwan da aka samu. Abinci a cikin stew na iya haɗawa da kowane haɗuwa da [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]], kamar carot, [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], [[wake]], [[albasa]], albasa da sauransu, kuma akai-akai tare da [[nama]], musamman nama mai tauri wanda ya dace da danshi, jinkirin [[dafa abinci]], kamar naman sa ko zagaye. Ana amfani da kaji, naman alade, ɗan rago ko ragon, sausages, da abincin teku. == Matakai == {| class="wikitable sortable " !Name ! style="width:100px" |Image !Origin !Tradit­ional protein !Description and distinctive ingredients |- |Ají de gallina |[[Fayil:Ají_de_gallina.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Peru]] |Fowl |Peruvian chicken stew |- |Alicot | |[[Faransa|France]] |Offal |Stew made with poultry giblets and possibly the head, feet and wing tips |- |Andrajos |[[Fayil:Andrajos_(3633922072).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]] (Jaén) |Game |Stew of [[Tumatir|tomatoes]], onions, [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]], red pepper, and [[Zomo|rabbit]], thickened with cake flour |- |Asam pedas |[[Fayil:Ikan_Asam_Padeh_Padang.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Indonesiya|Indonesia]]<br /><br />[[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] |Fish |Sour and spicy stew dish made of seafood, typically fish, cooked in [[Tsamiya|tamarind]] fruit juice, [[Chili foda|chili]], and other spices |- |Balbacua |[[Fayil:BALBACUA_10-31_screenshot.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Beef |Beef stew made from beef and collagen-rich parts of beef stewed for four to six hours in various spices |- |[[Bamia]] |[[Fayil:Bamia-Ocras_tomate_(cropped).JPG|124x124px]] |[[Misra|Egypt]] |Lamb |Stew prepared with okra and lamb as primary ingredients<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Aʿlam |first=H. |last2=Ramazani |first2=N. |date=December 15, 1989 |title=Bāmīā |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bamia-or-bamia-okra |website=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]], Vol. III |pages=656–657}}</ref> |- |Beef bourguignon |[[Fayil:Boeuf_bourguignon_servie_avec_des_pâtes.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]]<br /><br />(Burgundy) |Beef |Stew made of beef braised in red wine, traditionally red Burgundy,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of boeuf bourguignon |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/boeuf%20bourguignon |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000035/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/boeuf%20bourguignon |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=2013-04-18 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> and beef broth, generally flavoured with [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]], onions, and a ''bouquet garni'', with pearl onions and mushrooms |- |Beef Stroganoff |[[Fayil:Beef_Stroganoff-02_cropped.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Rasha|Russia]]<br /><br />[[Faransa|France]] |Beef |'''Beef Stroganoff''' or '''beef Stroganov''' ([[Rashanci|Russian]]: бефстроганов ''befstróganov'') is a Russian dish of sautéed pieces of beef served in a sauce with <nowiki><i id="mwpA">smetana</i></nowiki> (sour cream). |- |Beaver stew |[[Fayil:Castor_estufado.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Lithuania]] |Beaver |Stew made beaver meat, mashed potatoes and various vegetables |- |Bicol express |[[Fayil:Bicol_Express.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Pork or beef |Stew made from long chillies, pork or beef, [[Madara ta kwakwa|coconut milk]], shrimp paste or stockfish, onions, pork, and [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]] |- |Bigos |[[Fayil:Bigos_in_Kraków_(Rynek_Główny).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Poland]]<br /><br />[[Ukraniya|Ukraine]]<br /><br />[[Lithuania]] |Pork |Stew that features white cabbage, sauerkraut, various cuts of meat and sausages, often whole or puréed [[Tumatir|tomatoes]], honey, and mushrooms |- |Birnen, Bohnen und Speck |[[Fayil:Birnen,_Bohnen_und_Speck_2a.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Jamus|Germany]] |Pork |Typical dish in which pears, beans, and bacon are cooked together |- |Birria |[[Fayil:Plato_de_birria.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] |Goat |Spicy meat stew made of pork, goat, lamb, or mutton that is traditionally served on holidays, such as [[Kirsimeti|Christmas]] |- |[[Kayan maraƙi|Blanquette de veau]] |[[Fayil:Blanquette_de_veau.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]] |Veal |Bright veal [[ragout]] with <nowiki><i id="mw-w">mirepoix</i></nowiki> |- |Blindhuhn |[[Fayil:Westfälisches_Blindhuhn_mit_Mettenden_und_Schweinespeck-6650.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Jamus|Germany]]<br /><br />(Westphalia) |Pork |A stew of the Westphalian cuisine prepared with beans, vegetables, and bacon |- |Booyah |[[Fayil:Booyah.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]]<br /><br />(Upper Midwest) |Various |Thick stew popular in the Upper Midwestern United States with meat and vegetables, often prepared communally in large kettles, with several different meats |- |Bosanski lonac |[[Fayil:Bosanskilonac.jpg|141x141px]] |[[Bosnia da Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |Lamb |Typical Bosnian dish with beef, lamb, cabbage, potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, parsley, [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]], and peppercorns (whole, not ground) |- |Bouillabaisse |[[Fayil:Bullabessa.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]]<br /><br />([[Marseille]]) |Seafood |Bony fish and seafood stew with vegetables and Provençal herbs and spices: The name refers to a "simmering boil", the temperature of cooking the stew. |- |Brongkos |[[Fayil:Brongkos_1.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Indonesiya|Indonesia]]<br /><br />(Yogyakarta and<br /><br />Central Java) |Beef |Meat (beef or mutton) with beans (black-eyed peas or kidney beans) stew, with boiled egg and spicy soup made of ''Pangium edule'', coconut milk, and other spices |- |Brodetto |[[Fayil:Foto_brodetto_.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Italiya|Italy]] |Fish |Fish stew typical of the Eastern (Adriatic) coast of Italy: It may slightly vary from place to place. In Veneto, it is eaten with polenta. In Abruzzo, tomato sauce is added. It is similar to Croatian ''brudet.'' |- |Brudet |[[Fayil:Brodet.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Kroatiya|Croatia]]<br /><br />[[Montenegro]] |Fish |A fish stew that is usually eaten with polenta, similar to Italian ''brodetto'' |- |Brunswick stew |[[Fayil:Brunswick_stew.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]]<br /><br />(South) |Game |Tomato-based stew containing various types of lima beans or butter beans, corn, okra, and other vegetables, and one or more types of meat: Most recipes claiming authenticity call for squirrel or [[Zomo|rabbit]] meat, but chicken, pork, and beef are also common ingredients. |- |Trippa alla milanese ([[Buseca]] in South America) |[[Fayil:Trippa_alla_milanese.JPG|165x165px]] |[[Italiya|Italy]]<br /><br />[[Argentina]]<br /><br />[[Uruguay]] |Offal |Italian stew also common in [[Uruguay]] and Argentina, similar to Spanish ''callos'', it is made of finely chopped ''mondongo'' (beef tripe), potatoes, and legumes such as lentils or chickpeas. |- |Buddha Jumps Over the Wall |[[Fayil:Buddha_soup_boul.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Sin|China]] |Fish |Cantonese variation on shark fin soup |- |Buğu kebabı | |[[Turkiyya|Turkey]] |Lamb |Turkish lamb and vegetable stew with a [[kebab]] name |- |Burgoo |[[Fayil:Kentucky_burgoo.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]]<br /><br />(Midwest and<br /><br />South) |Game |Traditionally made with wild game, this spicy thick stew is similar to Irish or Mulligan stew, often served with cornbread or corn muffins. Often prepared communally, it is made with several different meats. |- |Cabbage stew |[[Fayil:Kapuska_with_veal.jpg|120x120px]] |Central Europe |Vegetarian |Prepared using cabbage as a main ingredient: Pictured is ''kapuska''. |- |Cacciatore |[[Fayil:Flickr_preppybyday_4618397089--Chicken_cacciatore.jpg|181x181px]] |[[Italiya|Italy]] |Fowl |A stew with braised chicken (pollo alla cacciatora), sometimes with rabbit (coniglio alla cacciatora), tomatoes, onions, herbs, often bell peppers, and sometimes wine. |- |Cacciucco |[[Fayil:Cacciucco.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Italiya|Italy]] |Fish |A fish stew, it is made with several different types of fish and shellfish cooked in wine, tomatoes, and chili pepper, as typical of west-central Italy and especially Livorno. |- |Cachupa |[[Fayil:Cachupa_2.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]] |Goat |Slow-cooked stew of corn (hominy), beans, and fish or meat (sausage, beef, goat, or chicken) |- |Caldeirada |[[Fayil:Caldeirada.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Portugal]] |Seafood |Stew consisting of a large variety of fish, and sometimes shellfish, with potatoes, tomatoes and onions |- |[[Caldereta de cordero]] |[[Fayil:Caldereta_de_Cordero_-_2015.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]] |Lamb |Lamb or mutton stew |- |[[Caldo avá]] | |[[Paraguay]] |Offal |Stew made of beef tripes, chitterlings, heart, and ''matambre'' |- |Caldo gallego |[[Fayil:Caldo_gallego_-_juantiagues.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]] |Pork |Stew made with fatty pork, white beans, and greens (cabbage or spring greens), literally means "Galician broth" |- |Callaloo |[[Fayil:Callaloo.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Karibiyan|Caribbean]]<br /><br />[[Afirka ta Yamma|West Africa]] |Vegetarian |Caribbean dish made of leaf vegetables, amaranth, capsicum, and [[Gwaza|taro]] |- |Callos |[[Fayil:Callos_cociendose.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]] |Offal |A stew common across Spain, it is considered traditional to Madrid, where it is referred to as ''callos a la madrileña''. It contains beef tripe and chickpeas, blood sausage, and bell peppers. ''Chorizo'' sausage may also be used. |- |Caparrones |[[Fayil:Caparrones89.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]]<br /><br />(La Rioja) |Sausage |Stew made of ''caparrón'' (a variety of red kidney beans) and a spicy ''chorizo'' sausage |- |Caponata |[[Fayil:Caponata_(14049113982).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Italiya|Italy]]<br /><br />([[Sisiliya|Sicily]]) |Vegetarian |Vegetable stew from Sicily that consists mainly of ''aubergine'' (eggplant) tomato sauce, onions, celery, olives, capers, and Agrodolce. |- |Capra e fagioli | |[[Italiya|Italy]]<br /><br />(Liguria) |Goat |Stew made of goat meat, white wine, and white pigna beans |- |[[Carbonada]] | |[[Argentina]], [[Uruguay]] |Beef |Traditional Argentinian and Uruguayan sweet-sour beef, squash, and apricot stew, traditionally served inside a squash |- |Carbonade flamande |[[Fayil:Jielbeaumadier_carbonade_flamande_2010.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Beljik|Belgium]], [[Faransa|France]] |Beef |Traditional Belgian sweet-sour beef and onion stew made with [[Giya|beer]], and seasoned with thyme and [[Ganyen bay|bay leaf]]: Pictured is ''carbonade flamande'' with fries and a side of greens. |- |Carne mechada |[[Fayil:Carne_Mechada_(11351611734).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Kolombiya|Colombia]]<br /><br />[[Chile]]<br /><br />[[Venezuela]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carne Mechada |url=http://gosouthamerica.about.com/od/recipesfromvenezuela/r/carnemechada.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517224523/http://gosouthamerica.about.com/od/recipesfromvenezuela/r/carnemechada.htm |archive-date=2008-05-17 |access-date=2008-03-23}}</ref> |Beef |Latin American beef stew |- |Cassoulet |[[Fayil:Cassoulet.cuit.jpg|125x125px]] |[[Faransa|France]]<br /><br />(Languedoc) |Fowl and sausage |French dish that consists of slow-cooked meat, typically pork sausages, pork, goose, duck, and sometimes mutton, with white haricot beans |- |Cawl |[[Fayil:Cawl_Cymreig.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]]<br /><br />([[Wales]]) |Lamb |Lamb stew (beef or hock in Pembrokeshire), which includes vegetables, such as [[Albasa mai kara|leeks]] and potatoes, as well as carrots, celery, onion, parsnip, swede, and turnip |- |Chairo |[[Fayil:Chairo_at_Ciclik_La_Paz.png|152x152px]] |[[Bolibiya|Bolivia]] |Beef |Meat and vegetable stew with potato starch (''chuños''), onions, carrots, potatoes, [[Masara|white corn]], beef, and wheat kernels |- |Chakapuli |[[Fayil:Chakapuli.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Georgia]] |Lamb |Popular stew with lamb chops or veal, onions, tarragon leaves, cherry plums or ''tkemali'' (cherry plum sauce), dry white wine, mixed fresh herbs (parsley, mint, dill, coriander), garlic, and salt |- |Chapea | |[[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Dominican Republic]] |Sausage |Traditional dish from the countryside that consists of cooked red beans with ''longaniza'' (Dominican sausage), rice, ripe plantain, and mashed squash used as a thickener |- |Chicken mull |[[Fayil:Chicken_mull.jpg|165x165px]] |[[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]]<br /><br />(South) |Fowl |A traditional dish from [[North Carolina]] and [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]], it consists of parboiled whole chicken in a cream- or milk-based broth with butter, seasoned with salt, white or black pepper, and other ingredients. Traditionally, the stew is served in the late fall and winter, often prepared communally. |- |Chicken pastel |[[Fayil:Filipino_Chicken_Pastel.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Chicken or pork |Stew or pie made with chicken, sometimes pork, sausages, mushrooms, peas, carrots, potatoes, soy sauce, and various spices in a creamy sauce. |- |Chili con carne |[[Fayil:Pot-o-chili.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]]<br /><br />([[Texas]]) |Beef |A spicy stew that traditionally features chopped or ground beef, chili peppers, and other ingredients. |- |Cholent |[[Fayil:Vegetable_cholent.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]] |Beef, chicken or goose |Slowly simmered Jewish stew of Ashkenazi origin that cooks overnight and is traditionally served at the ''Shabbat'' meal. Its main ingredients are meat, onions, potatoes, beans or chickpeas, and [[Sha'ir|barley]]. It is believed to be derived from the hamin of Sephardic Jews. Similar to the French cassoulet. |- |Chraime |[[Fayil:צלחת_חריימה.png|138x138px]] |Maghreb |Fish |Fish stewed with tomatoes and peppers, flavored with hot peppers and spices |- |Chupe Andino | |[[Andes]] |Game |Refers to various stews and soups that are prepared in Andes Mountains region of South America |- |[[Chupín]] | |[[Uruguay]] |Fish |Made with any fish of firm meat, usually hake, croaker, or boga, potatoes, tomatoes, and onions, crumbs of marine crackers are usually poured over at the end. |- |Ciambotta |[[Fayil:Ciambotta_di_Vietri_di_Potenza.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Italiya|Italy]] |Vegetarian |Typically based on vegetables, but it may have other ingredients, such as meat or fish. The vegetable choices are usually potatoes, eggplant, tomatoes, [[Barkono|sweet peppers]], chili, onion and herbs. |- |Cioppino |[[Fayil:Cioppino.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]]<br /><br />([[San Francisco]]) |Fish |An Italian-American fish stew, it is traditionally made from the catch of the day, which in the dish's place of origin is typically a combination of Dungeness crab, clams, shrimp, scallops, squid, mussels, and fish. The seafood is then combined with fresh tomatoes in a wine sauce, and served with toasted bread, either sourdough or baguette. |- |Cocido lebaniego |[[Fayil:Cocido_lebaniego.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]]<br /><br />(Cantabria) |Pork and offal |Its essential ingredients include chickpeas, potatoes, and [[Collard (shuka)|collard greens]]. The rest of the elements are ''compangu'', meat from the pig slaughter, such as bacon (''tocino''), black pudding (''morcilla''), ''chorizo'', and [[ham]]. Other additional ingredients are beef, especially <nowiki><i id="mwA1o">cecina</i></nowiki> and bones, and a stuffing made of bread flour, egg, and parsley. |- |Cocido madrileño |[[Fayil:CocidoMadrileño.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]]<br /><br />([[Madrid]]) |Pork |Its main ingredient is the chickpea or garbanzo bean, preferably of its larger variety, also known as ''kabuli''. Vegetables are added, potatoes mainly, but also cabbage, carrots, and turnips. In some cases, green beans, mangold, or cardoon are added. Meats like beef, hen, lard, chorizo, a small block of cured Jamón and morcilla (a type of black pudding) complete the ingredients. Cocido is commonly served with the ingredient types grouped, and the broth served as first course, with very thin pasta, fideo cabellín added. |- |Cocido montañés |[[Fayil:Cocidomontanes.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]]<br /><br />(Cantabria) |Pork and offal |Also known as highlander stew. It is made with two vegetal ingredients, dried large white beans and [[Collard (shuka)|collard greens]] (''berza''). The rest of the elements of this recipe are known as ''compangu'', meat ingredients from the pig slaughter: bacon (''tocino''), pork ribs (''costilla''), black pudding (''morcilla'') with rice, and ''chorizo''. |- |Compote | | |Game |Game stew made for example from [[Zomo|rabbit]], partridge, or pigeon |- |Coq au vin |[[Fayil:Coq_au_vin.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]] |Fowl |French braise of chicken cooked with wine, lardons, mushrooms, and optionally [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]] |- |Cotriade |[[Fayil:Cotriade.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]]<br /><br />(Brittany) |Fish |Breton-style stew made with potatoes and many kinds of fish, but ''without'' shellfish |- |Cozido/Cocido |[[Fayil:Cozido_a_portuguesa_1.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Portugal]]<br /><br />[[Ispaniya|Spain]] |Various |Stew made with different meats and vegetables; numerous regional variations exist throughout Portugal and Spain |- |Cream stew |[[Fayil:Cream_Stew_001.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Japan]] |Various |Cream stew is a Japanese Yōshoku dish consisting of meat, usually chicken or pork, and mixed vegetables, onion, carrot, potato and cabbage, cooked in thick white roux. |- |Daube |[[Fayil:Daube_de_boeuf_carottes.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]]<br /><br />(Provence) |Beef |Classic Provençal stew made with inexpensive beef braised in wine, vegetables, [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]], and ''herbes de Provence'', and traditionally cooked in a ''daubière'', a braising pan. |- |Dillegrout |[[Fayil:Dillegrout,_also_known_at_le_mess_de_gyron,_girunt,_dilgirunt,_dilegrout,_dillygrout,_dilligrout,_maupygernon,_maupigyrnun,_malepigernout,_malpigernoun.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]]<br /><br />([[Ingila|England]]) |Fowl |Chicken pottage made with almond milk, sugar, and spices traditionally presented at coronations of English monarchs by the lord of the manor of Addington. |- |Dimlama |[[Fayil:Dimlama_(16425713838).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Uzbekistan]] |Lamb |Stew made with various combinations of meat, potatoes, onions, vegetables, and sometimes fruits. |- |Dinuguan |[[Fayil:Dinuguan_with_puto.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Offal |Filipino savory stew of meat or offal (typically lungs, kidneys, intestines, ears, heart and snout) simmered in a rich, spicy dark gravy of pig [[Jini|blood]], [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]], chili (most often ''siling mahaba''), and vinegar. |- |Drokpa Katsa | |Tibet |Offal |Stewed tripe, with [[curry]], [[fennel]], monosodium glutamate, and salt. |- |Escudella i carn d'olla |[[Fayil:Escudella.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]]<br /><br />([[Katalunya|Catalonia]]) |Sausage |Stew that contains a ''pilota'', a very big meatball spiced with [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]] and parsley. It contains vegetables, such as celery, cabbage, carrots, etc. depending on the season. Bones, sausages called ''botifarras'', and other types of meat can be used. |- |Étouffée |[[Fayil:Crawfish_etouffee.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]]<br /><br />([[Louisiana]]) |Seafood |Seafood dish of the Creole cuisine of Louisiana that is usually served over rice. Literally means "smothered" in French. |- |Fabada Asturiana |[[Fayil:Fabada_y_sidra.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]]<br /><br />(Asturias) |Pork |Fabada is made with dried large white beans (''fabes de la Granja'', soaked overnight before use), shoulder of pork (''Lacón Gallego'') or bacon (''tocino''), black pudding (''morcilla''), ''chorizo'', and often saffron (''azafrán''). Some recipes also call for ''longaniza''. |- |Fabes con almejas |[[Fayil:Fabes_con_almejas_-_Jlastras.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]]<br /><br />(Asturias) |Seafood |Clam stew that calls for small clams, fava beans, onions, [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]], salt, saffron, [[Ganyen bay|bay leaves]], [[Man zaitun|olive oil]], parsley, bread crumbs and sometimes sweet [[paprika]]. |- |Fahsa |[[Fayil:Fahsa.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Yemen]] |Lamb |Stew made of lamb cutlets with lamb broth. Spices and ''holba'' ([[fenugreek]]) are added after cooking. |- |Fårikål |[[Fayil:Får_i_kål.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Norway]] |Lamb |Traditional dish, consisting of pieces of mutton with bone, cabbage, whole black pepper and optionally a little wheat flour, cooked for several hours in a casserole, traditionally served with potatoes boiled in their skins. Literally means "mutton in cabbage". |- |Fasole cu cârnaţi |[[Fayil:Fasole_cu_afumatura.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Romainiya|Romania]] |Sausage |Dish consisting of baked beans, sausages or [[Ham|smoked ham]]. |- |Feijoada |[[Fayil:Feijoada_à_transmontada.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Brazil]]<br /><br />[[Portugal]]<br /><br />[[Uruguay]] |Beef |Stew of beans with beef or pork, and may include other vegetables. |- |Fesenjān |[[Fayil:Khoresht-e_fesenjan.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Iran]] |Fowl |Thick, tart stew made from pomegranate juice and ground walnuts; traditionally made with poultry, but variants using balls of ground meat, ''ghormeh'' cut lamb, fish, or no meat at all are not unusual. |- |Flaki |[[Fayil:Flaki_(2).JPG|124x124px]] |[[Poland]] |Beef |Meat stew with common ingredients, including beef tripe, beef, [[Ganyen bay|bay leaf]], parsley, carrots, beef broth, and spices to taste, including salt, black pepper, nutmeg, sweet [[paprika]], and marjoram. |- |Főzelék |[[Fayil:Fozelek.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Hungariya|Hungary]] |Vegetarian |Very thick vegetable soup, so it may be considered a stew. Sometimes served with meatballs and often eaten as a side dish. |- |Fricot |[[Fayil:Fricot_de_barques.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Kanada|Canada]]<br /><br />(Acadia) |Various |Consists of potatoes, onions, and whatever meat was available, cooked in a stew and topped with dumplings. The common meats used are chicken (''fricot au poulet''), clams (''fricot aux coques''), rabbit (''fricot au lapin des bois''), beef, or pork. |- |Gaisburger Marsch |[[Fayil:Gaisburger_Marsch.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Jamus|Germany]]<br /><br />(Swabia) |Beef |Swabian dish made from meat with cooked potatoes and spätzle. |- |Galinhada |[[Fayil:Galinhada.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Brazil]] |Fowl |Stew of rice and chicken. |- |Garbure |[[Fayil:Garbure.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]]<br /><br />(Gascony) |Pork |Stew/soup of meat (e.g. goose, duck, salt pork, ham) with vegetables, mainly root vegetables. |- |Ghapama |[[Fayil:Ղափամա_2.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Armeniya|Armenia]] |Vegetarian |Sweet [[Kabushi|pumpkin]] stew, traditionally cooked in the pumpkin shell; does not contain meat. |- |Gheimeh |[[Fayil:Gheymeh_stew.jpg|165x165px]] |[[Iran]] |Lamb |Stew consisting of diced lamb or sometimes beef, tomatoes, split peas, onion and dried lime, garnished with golden thinly sliced crispy potatoes. The stew is usually served with white rice. |- |Ghormeh sabzi |[[Fayil:Ghormeh_Sabzi.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Iran]] |Vegetarian (but often made with lamb or beef) |Dish that consists of a mixture of sautéed herbs, consisting mainly of parsley, [[Albasa mai kara|leek]], and a smaller amount of [[fenugreek]] leaves, where this is usually the dry herb of the mix. |- |Ginataang kalabasa |[[Fayil:Ginataang_kalabasa_at_hipon_(shrimp,_calabaza,_green_beans,_and_eggplant_in_coconut_milk)_-_Philippines.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Shrimp |Stew of calabaza squash cooked in [[Madara ta kwakwa|coconut milk]] and spices, along with shrimp and asparagus bean. |- |Ginataang labong |[[Fayil:Bambooshootjf3760.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Seafood or pork |Stew of bamboo shoots cooked in coconut milk and spices, along with seafood or various meats. |- |Goat water |[[Fayil:Goat_Water.jpg|124x124px]] |Montserrat |Goat |A national dish of Montserrat prepared with goat meat and vegetables. |- |Goulash |[[Fayil:Gulyas080.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Hungariya|Hungary]] |Beef |Soup or stew of meat, noodles and vegetables, especially potato, seasoned with [[paprika]] and other spices. |- |Guatitas |[[Fayil:Guatitas_a_la_Jardinera.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Chile]]<br /><br />[[Ecuador]] |Offal |Stew whose main ingredient is pieces of tripe. |- |[[Guiso carrero]] | |[[Argentina]]<br /><br />[[Uruguay]] |Beef |Traditional stew made with beef, chorizo, white beans, chickpeas, potato, sweet potato, squash, carrots, onions and noodles, seasoned with adobo, a spice mix of oregano, thyme, cumin, paprika and chili. |- |Gulai |[[Fayil:Gulai_cancang_2.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Indonesiya|Indonesia]]<br /><br />[[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] |Various |Stew or curry made with either beef, poultry (chicken or duck meat), vegetables, seafood or lamb with bumbu spice mix cooked in coconut milk. |- |Gumbo |[[Fayil:Shrimp_gumbo.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]]<br /><br />([[Louisiana]]) |Seafood & sausage |Stew or soup that consists primarily of a strongly-flavored stock, with meat or shellfish, a thickener, and the vegetable "holy trinity" of celery, bell peppers, and onions. |- |Güveç |[[Fayil:Djuvec.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Turkiyya|Turkey]] |Lamb |Vegetable and meat stew made with mutton or veal and common to Balkan countries. |- |Guyana Pepperpot |[[Fayil:Pepperpot_(16135006279).jpg|155x155px]] |[[Guyana]] |Various |Stewed meat dish, strongly flavored with cinnamon, hot chili peppers, and ''cassareep'', a special sauce made from the [[Rogo|cassava]] root. Beef, pork, and mutton are the most popular meats used. Chicken is also used. |- |Hachee |[[Fayil:Hachee_1.jpeg|124x124px]] |[[Holand|Netherlands]] |Various |Traditional Dutch stew based on diced meat, fish or poultry, and vegetables. |- |Hamin |[[Fayil:Chamin.jpg|124x124px]] |Iberia |Lamb, beef, or chicken |Traditional Sephardic Jewish Sabbath stew cooked overnight. Made from whole grains, meat, chickpeas or beans, and onion. Also known as dafina. |- |Hasenpfeffer |[[Fayil:Hasenpfeffer.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Jamus|Germany]] |Game |Traditional German stew made from marinated [[Zomo|rabbit]] or hare, cut into stewing-meat sized pieces and braised with onions and wine, in a marinade thickened with the animal's blood. |- |Hochepot |[[Fayil:Vlaamse_Hutsepot.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]] |Beef |Flemish stew made with oxtail, shoulder of mutton, salted bacon, and vegetables. |- |Hoosh | |[[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |Beef (dried) |Thick stew made from pemmican (a mix of dried meat, fat, and cereal) or other meat, thickener such as ground biscuits, and water. Used on expeditions to frozen polar regions. |- |Hot pot |[[Fayil:Day177lilybday.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Sin|China]]<br /><br />[[Taiwan]]<br /><br />[[Mangoliya|Mongolia]] |Various |Stew made with a variety of raw meats, seafood, vegetables, noodles, dumplings, etc., all cooked at the table in a simmering hot pot of broth. |- |Irish stew |[[Fayil:Irish_Beef_Stew_(34046928633).jpg|124x124px]] |Ireland |Lamb |Traditional stew made from lamb or mutton, as well as potatoes, carrots, onions, and parsley. |- |Islim or patlıcan kebabı |[[Fayil:İslim_kebabı.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Turkiyya|Turkey]] |Lamb |Traditional stew made from veal or mutton and eggplants, also having tomatoes and green peppers. |- |Istrian stew |[[Fayil:Jota_02.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Kroatiya|Croatia]] |Pork |Stew prepared using beans, sauerkraut, potatoes, bacon, and spare ribs; the main seasoning is garlic. |- |Jjigae |[[Fayil:Korean_stew-Sundubu_jjigae-05.jpg|120x120px]] |Korea |Various |Stew prepared using meat, seafood or vegetables in a broth seasoned with gochujang (red chilli paste), doenjang (soy bean paste), ganjang (soy sauce) or saeu-jeot (salted and fermented shrimp). |- |Jugged hare |[[Fayil:Civet_de_lapin_aux_USA.jpg|120x120px]] |[[Faransa|France]]<br /><br />[[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]] |Game |Stew prepared using [[Zomo|rabbit]] or hare as a main ingredient. |- |Karhi |[[Fayil:Gujaratikadhi.jpg|125x125px]] |[[Geology na yankin Indiya|Indian Subcontinent]] |Vegetarian |Spicy stew with a thick gravy based on chickpea flour (called ''besan'' in Urdu / Hindi). Contains vegetable fritters called ''[[Pakora|pakoras]]'', to which sour yoghurt is added to give it a little sour taste. |- |Kadyos, baboy, kag langka |[[Fayil:KBL_(Kadios,_Baboy,_Langka).jpg|138x138px]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Pork |[[Waaken Santanbul|Pigeon peas]], ham hock, and jackfruit soured with batuan fruits (''Garcinia binucao'')<ref>{{Cite web |title=It's Time You Know about Kadios⁠ beyond KBL |url=https://pepper.ph/its-time-you-know-about-kadios%E2%81%A0-beyond-kbl/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |website=Pepper.ph |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923093917/https://www.pepper.ph/its-time-you-know-about-kadios%E2%81%A0-beyond-kbl/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Kadyos, manok, kag ubad | |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Fowl |[[Waaken Santanbul|Pigeon peas]], [[Kaza|chicken]], and [[Ayaba|banana]] pith<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2007 |title=Manok at Kadyos / Purple Chicken With Pigeon Peas |url=http://www.marketmanila.com/archives/manok-at-kadyos-purple-chicken-with-pigeon-peas |access-date=8 February 2021 |website=Market Manila}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadyos Beans |url=https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/ark-of-taste-slow-food/kadyos-beans/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |website=Ark of Taste |publisher=Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity}}</ref> |- |Kaldereta |[[Fayil:Beef_caldereta.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Goat |Dish whose common ingredients are goat shoulders with tomato paste and liver spread. |- |Kalops |[[Fayil:Skånsk_kalops_med_grillad_sparris.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Sweden]] |Beef |Swedish stew made of beef, onion, allspice, bay leaves and sometimes carrots. Often eaten with beetroot and potatoes. |- |[[Kamounia]] |[[Fayil:Tunis_Glaïa_Djerba.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Sudan]]<br /><br />[[Misra|Egypt]]<br /><br />[[Tunisiya|Tunisia]] |Beef |Beef and liver stew prepared with cumin |- |Kapuska |[[Fayil:Kapuska.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Turkiyya|Turkey]] |Veal |Cabbage and veal stew. |- |Kare-kare |[[Fayil:Kare-kare_oxtail_stew_1.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Beef |Popular stew made from a peanut-based sauce with a variety of vegetables, stewed oxtail, beef, and occasionally offal or tripe. Meat variants may include goat meat or (rarely) chicken. |- |Karelian hot pot |[[Fayil:19-07-09-Karjalanpaisti-IMG_20190709_180453.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Finland]] |Beef and pork |Traditionally made of a combination of pork and beef, but lamb can also be used. The hot pot is usually seasoned with black peppercorns and salt. Other seasonings such as allspice and [[Ganyen bay|bay leaf]] may be used too. Common vegetables such as carrot, onion, and root vegetables are acceptable additions to the stew. |- |Khoresh karafs |[[Fayil:Making_Khoresh_karafs_1.jpg|frameless|124x124px]] |[[Iran]] |Various |A celery stew, traditionally made with lamb (but various proteins can be used, including vegan versions).<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Najmieh Batmanglij}}</ref> |- |Kig ha farz |[[Fayil:Kig-ha-farz.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]]<br /><br />(Brittany) |Various |Stew consisting of various meats (hock, beef and lamb) simmered in a broth with carrots, potatoes, cabbage and a large buckwheat flour based dumpling. Literally means "meat and stuffing" in Breton. Known mainly in Finisterre. |- |Kokotxas |[[Fayil:Kokotxas_al_pilpil,_Bilbao_(33097477025).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]]<br /><br />(Basque Country) |Fish |A traditional dish of fatty fish stewed in white wine, garlic, flour and olive oil. Other variations include parsley. |- |[[Palaver sauce|Kontomire stew]] |[[Fayil:Kontomire_Stew,_Eggs_and_Plantian.jpg|165x165px]] |[[Ghana]] |Fish (dried) |Cocoyam leaves braised with [[egusi]], dried fish, tomatoes, peppers, and egg. |- |Korma |[[Fayil:Chicken_Korma_1.jpg|187x187px]] |India<br /><br />Pakistan<br /><br />Bangladesh |Various |Meat and/or vegetables is seared, then braised with stock or yogurt kept below curdling temperature with a mixture of spices, including ground coriander, cumin, and Indian bay. Traditionally cooked in a pot set over a very low fire, with coals on the lid. A korma can be mildly spiced or fiery, and may use lamb, beef, chicken, fish. Some kormas combine meat and vegetables such as spinach or cauliflower. |- |Kuru fasulye |[[Fayil:Kuru_fasulye.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Turkiyya|Turkey]] |Lamb |Stew consisting of [[Wake|dry beans]], generally with meat (veal or mutton) and ''[[Pastirma|pastırma]]'' or ''sucuk'' in its broth, with tomato paste. Pictured here is the vegetarian variant. |- |Kuurdak |[[Fayil:Kazakh_quwyrdaq.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Tsakiyar Asiya|Central Asia]] |Goat |Stewed meat dish made with onion, animal fat, vegetable oil, lamb or mutton.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2022 |title=Kuurdak: How The Kyrgyz Do Meat and Potatoes |url=https://folkways.today/kuurdak/ |publisher=Folkways}}</ref> |- |Lancashire hotpot |[[Fayil:Lancashire_hotpot.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]]<br /><br />([[Ingila|England]]) |Lamb |Dish made traditionally from lamb or mutton, and onion topped with sliced potatoes, left to bake in the oven all day in a heavy pot and on a low heat. |- |Läskisoosi |[[Fayil:Läskisoosi_1.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Finland]] |Pork |Pork chops grilled in [[Man shanu|butter]] with [[Albasa|onions]] and flour, stirred in water with salt and pepper. |- |Lecsó |[[Fayil:Warm_Colors-_my_Mom's_Hungarian_Lecsó_cropped.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Hungariya|Hungary]]<br /><br />[[Kazech|Czech Republic]] |Vegetarian |Thick vegetable stew which features peppers, tomato, onion, lard, salt, sugar and ground [[paprika]] as a base recipe. |- |Linat-an | |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Pork |Pork stew or soup from the Visayas and Mindanao islands of the [[Filipin|Philippines]] that characteristically uses pork ribs, or other bony cuts of pork, simmered until very tender, lemongrass (tanglad), string beans, starchy ingredients for a thicker soup (usually [[Gwaza|taro]]), and various other vegetables. |- |Lobby | |[[Ingila|England]] (North Staffordshire) |Corned beef |Stew or casserole made from corned beef or sometimes [[Kaza|chicken]], [[Dankalin turawa|potatoes]], [[Karas|carrots]], peas, and [[Albasa|onion]]. |- |Lobster stew |[[Fayil:Caldereta.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]]<br /><br />(Menorca) |Seafood |Stew made from lobster, which is added to a sofrito with onion, tomato, [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]] and parsley; then boiled, and is eaten with thin slices of bread. |- |Locro |[[Fayil:Locro_(served_in_Recoleta,_Buenos_Aires,_Argentina).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Argentina]]<br /><br />[[Bolibiya|Bolivia]]<br /><br />[[Chile]]<br /><br />[[Ecuador]]<br /><br />[[Peru]] |Beef |Hearty thick stew whose main ingredients are corn, some form of meat, usually beef, pork, and ''chorizo'', but sometimes beef jerky or cheese, and vegetables. Other ingredients vary widely, and typically include onion, beans, potato, squash or [[Kabushi|pumpkin]]. |- |Lunggoi Katsa | |Tibet |Offal |Dish consisting of stewed sheep's head, with [[curry]], [[fennel]], monosodium glutamate, and salt. |- |[[Peanut stew|Maafe]] |[[Fayil:Maafé.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Afirka ta Yamma|West Africa]] |Various |Stew that is made from lamb, beef, or chicken, cooked with a sauce based on tomatoes and groundnuts (peanuts). |- |Maconochie | |[[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]]<br /><br />([[Ingila|England]]) |Beef |Stew of sliced turnips and carrots in a thin soup that was especially made by the "Maconochie Company" for soldiers during [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|World War I]] |- |Maneštra | |[[Kroatiya|Croatia]] |Various |Stew of beans and potatoes which may include meat or spring corn (''bobići''). |- |Mazamorra |[[Fayil:Porotos.png|124x124px]] |Latin America<br /><br />[[Portugal]]<br /><br />[[Ispaniya|Spain]] |Milk |Sweet stew prepared with [[Masara|corn]] (maize) as a primary ingredient. |- |Mechado |[[Fayil:Cooked_mechado.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Beef |A stew traditionally made with larded beef, but now also made with leaner cuts. Marinating in soy sauce and ''calamansi'' juice give it a Filipino flavor. |- |Menudo |[[Fayil:Orient_Valley_Filipino_Cuisine_-_5.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Various<br /><br />Offal |Liver and beef or pork stewed in a tomato sauce with carrots and potatoes. A variation called ''waknatoy'' uses pickle relish and does not typically include other vegetables |- |Mjave lobio |[[Fayil:Lobyo1.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Georgia]] |Vegetarian |Dish of stewed beans, tomatoes and onion. |- |[[Moambe]] |[[Fayil:Chicken_moambe_with_French_fries_(14792587921).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Central Africa]] |Fowl |Dish prepared with a sauce usually made from the [[Ɗan'ice|pericarp]] (not the seeds) of palm nuts, the fruit of the African oil palm. |- |Mocotó |[[Fayil:Mocotó_gaúcho.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Brazil]]<br /><br />[[Portugal]] |Offal |Dish made from cow's feet, stewed with beans and vegetables. |- |Molagoottal | |[[Indiya|India]] |Vegetarian |South Indian stew with [[Attagara|coconut]] and lentils as a base. |- |Moqueca |[[Fayil:Moqueca.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Brazil]] |Seafood |Stew based on fish or shrimp, tomatoes, onions, garlic and coriander. |- |Mulligan stew | |[[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |Various |Dish similar to Irish stew, Brunswick stew, or burgoo, as improvised by American hobos from available or scavenged ingredients, such as squirrel or opossum. |- |Navarin |[[Fayil:Navarin_of_lamb.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]] |Lamb |French ragoût (stew) of lamb or mutton. Often, vegetables are added. |- |[[Ndolé]] |[[Fayil:Ndolé_camerounais.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Kamaru|Cameroon]] |Fish |National dish of Cameroon, a stew of nuts, ''ndoleh'' (bitter leaves indigenous to West Africa), and fish or ground beef. |- |Nihari |[[Fayil:নিহারী_(Nihari).jpg|127x127px]] |[[Geology na yankin Indiya|Indian subcontinent]] |Various |South Asian dish consists of slow-cooked meat, mainly a shank cut of beef, lamb, mutton or goat meat, as well as chicken and bone marrow. It is flavoured with long pepper (pippali), a relative of black pepper. |- |Nikujaga |[[Fayil:Braised_pork_and_potatoes_(3089327692).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Japan]] |Pork or beef |Japanese dish of meat (either beef or pork), potatoes and onion stewed in sweetened soy sauce, sometimes with ''ito konnyaku'' and vegetables. |- |Nilaga |[[Fayil:Bulacan,Batangasjf8355_22.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Beef |A traditional meat stew or soup from the [[Filipin|Philippines]] made with boiled beef (''nilagang baka'') or pork (''nilagang baboy'') with various vegetables. It is typically eaten with [[Farar shinkafa|white rice]] and is served with soy sauce, patis (fish sauce), labuyo chilis, and calamansi on the side.<ref name="cv">{{Cite web |title=Nilagang Baboy (Boiled Pork and Vegetables) |url=https://casaveneracion.com/nilagang-baboy-boiled-pork-ribs-with-vegetables/ |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=Casa Veneracion}}</ref> |- |Oil down |[[Fayil:Cooking_oil_down_03.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Grenada]] |Fowl |Stew made of [[Berefut|breadfruit]], salted meat, chicken, dumplings, callaloo, and other vegetables, all stewed in [[Madara ta kwakwa|coconut milk]], herbs, and spices. National dish of [[Grenada]], but also popular in [[Trinidad da Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago]], with hot peppers and no dumplings. |- |Olla podrida |[[Fayil:Olla_podrida_Covarrubias_-_Santaorosia_Photographic_Colectivity.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]] |Pork |Spanish stew made from pork and beans and an inconsistent, wide variety of other meats and vegetables, often including chickpeas, depending on the recipe used. |- |Ollada | |[[Ispaniya|Spain]]<br /><br />([[Valencia]]) |Sausage |Stew based on boiling vegetables and meat in a casserole. |- |Or lam |[[Fayil:O-lam.png|124x124px]] |[[Laos]] |Various |A thick, peppery broth seasoned primarily with Lao chili wood (sakhaan), chili pepper, and lemongrass. Dried water buffalo skin, beef, game meat, quail or chicken, eggplants, wood ear mushrooms, and asparagus bean. |- |Ostrich stew | |[[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]] |Fowl |Ostrich stew is a stew prepared using ostrich meat as a primary ingredient. Can include vegetables such as onion, celery and carrot, tomatoes, soup stock and wine. |- |Ostropel |[[Fayil:Ostrpel.png|124x124px]] |[[Romainiya|Romania]] |Fowl |Stew that is primarily made from chicken mixed with a thick tomato sauce. |- |Oyster stew |[[Fayil:Oyster_stew.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |Seafood |Stew made from oysters with milk and cream |- |Oxtail Stew | |France |Oxtail, usually with root vegetables |There are numerous oxtail stews in French cuisine: Auguste Escoffier and others have published many recipes for variations on oxtail stew. |- |Paya |[[Fayil:Paya_Curry.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Pakistan]]<br /><br />[[Indiya|India]] |Goat |Stew made with alliums, ginger, spices, and goat or sheep trotters. Coveted for its spicy and fatty broth which is rich in gelatin and animal fat, both rendered from the trotter bones and joints. It is preferred as breakfast with [[Naan]] bread. |- |Paila marina |[[Fayil:Paila_Marina.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Chile]] |Seafood |Typical stew that is usually made of a shellfish stock containing different kinds of cooked shellfish and fish. These are complemented with a variety of herbs and spices such as [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]], cilantro, and onion. |- |[[Palaver sauce]] |[[Fayil:Palava_sauce_w-_cocoyam_leaf_(5612472154).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Afirka ta Yamma|West Africa]] |Various |Stew popular in Western Africa that has many regional varieties and may contain beef, fish, shrimp, ''pepitas'', [[Rogo|cassava]], [[Gwaza|taro]] (''cocoyam'') leaves, and [[Manja|palm oil]]. It is served with boiled rice, potatoes, ''[[Gari|garri]]'', ''[[fufu]]'', or [[Doya|yams]]. |- |Paomo |[[Fayil:Paomo.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Sin|China]] |Lamb |Stew of chopped-up baked unleavened bread cooked in lamb broth and served with lamb meat. It is often eaten with pickled [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]] and chilli sauce. |- |[[Pasulj]] |[[Fayil:Pasulj_(10291319804).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Serbiya|Serbia]]<br /><br />[[Montenegro]]<br /><br />[[Bosnia da Herzegovina|Bosnia]]<br /><br />[[Kroatiya|Croatia]]<br /><br />[[Sloveniya|Slovenia]] |Sausage |Also known as grah. Bean soup made of white, cranberry or pinto beans, usually prepared with smoked meat such as smoked bacon, sausage, and ham hock. This is a typical winter dish. |- |Pepián |[[Fayil:Cocinando_El_Pepian.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]] |Various |Beef or chicken stewed with tomatillo, [[Tumatir|tomato]], and chili pepper and thickened with gourd seeds |- |Philadelphia Pepper Pot | |[[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] ([[Pennsylvania]]) |Offal |Thick stew of beef tripe, vegetables and other seasonings; originates in the cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch. |- |Pichelsteiner |[[Fayil:Pichelsteiner_Eintopf.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Jamus|Germany]] |Various |German stew that consists of several types of meats and vegetables. Common ingredients are beef, pork and mutton, as well as potatoes, carrots and [[Albasa mai kara|leek]]. |- |Pinangat |[[Fayil:Pinangat_na_Hito.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Fish |Filipino stew made of [[Gwaza|taro]] leaves, chilli, meat and [[Madara ta kwakwa|coconut milk]] wrapped in ''gabi'' leaves and tied securely with coconut leaf. |- |Pindang |[[Fayil:Pindang_Patin_Palembang_2.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Indonesiya|Indonesia]]<br /><br />[[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] |Fish |Stew made of by boiling ingredients, especially fish, in salt and certain spices. |- |Piperade |[[Fayil:Pipérade.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]]<br /><br />(Basque) |Vegetarian |Typical Basque dish prepared with onion, green peppers, and tomatoes sautéed and flavored with red Espelette pepper. |- |Pisto |[[Fayil:Pisto.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]]<br /><br />(Murcia) |Vegetarian |Stew made of tomatoes, onions, eggplant or courgettes, green and red peppers and [[Man zaitun|olive oil]]. |- |Pörkölt |[[Fayil:Gulasch.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Hungariya|Hungary]] |Pork |Hungarian stew that consists of meat, [[paprika]], and sometimes vegetables, but no potatoes. It should not be confused with goulash, which always contain potatoes and is more like a soup. |- |Pot-au-feu |[[Fayil:Pot-au-feu2.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]] |Beef |French beef stew. Other ingredients may differ from region to region, but commonly various kinds of vegetables are included, such as carrots, turnips, [[Albasa mai kara|leeks]], celery and onions. |- |Potée Lorraine | |France |Pork or ham |French one-pot stew of salt pork or ham with haricot beans and seasonal vegetables |- |[[Potjiekos]] |[[Fayil:The_Potjie_is_ready.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]] |Game |South African stew that is usually prepared outdoors. The recipe commonly contains meat, vegetables, starches like rice or potatoes, all slow-cooked with Dutch-Malay spices, the distinctive spicing of South Africa's early culinary melting pot. Other common ingredients include fruits and flour-based products like [[pasta]]. |- |Pottage |[[Fayil:Yam_pottage.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]] |Various |Thick soup or stew made by boiling vegetables, grains, and, if available, meat or fish. Pottage commonly consisted of various ingredients easily available to serfs and peasants, and could be kept over the fire for a period of days, during which time some of it was eaten and more ingredients added. The result was a dish that was slowly but constantly evolving, a "perpetual stew". |- |Pozole |[[Fayil:Pozole.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] |Pork or fowl |Mexican stew with ritual significance made from [[Masara|maize]] with meat, usually pork, chicken, turkey, or pork rinds, with chili peppers, and other seasonings and garnishes. Vegetarian and vegan versions also exist. |- |Puchero |[[Fayil:Puchero_canario.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Amurka ta Kudu|South America]]<br /><br />[[Ispaniya|Spain]] |Veal |Stew whose ingredients may vary greatly according to region. Its equivalent may be the Spanish ''cocido''. |- |Qoiri | |Tibet |Lamb |Stew of mutton chops, made with flour, shredded wheat, chilli, dry curd cheese, water and salt. |- |[[Ragout]] |[[Fayil:Ragoût_aux_lentilles.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]] |Various |Refers to a main-dish stew. Ragouts may be prepared with or without meat, a wide variety of vegetables may be incorporated, and they may be more or less heavily spiced and seasoned. Pictured is ragout with lentils. |- |Ratatouille |[[Fayil:Ratatouille.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Faransa|France]]<br /><br />(Provence) |Vegetarian |Vegetable stew from the Provence that consists mainly of tomatoes with [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]], onions, ''courgettes'' (zucchini), ''aubergine'' (eggplant), ''poivron'' ([[Barkono|bell peppers]]), marjoram and [[Ɗaɗɗoya|basil]], or [[Ganyen bay|bay leaf]] and thyme, or a mix of green herbs, such as ''herbes de Provence''. |- |Red cooked pork |[[Fayil:RedCookedPorkBelly.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Sin|China]]<br /><br />[[Taiwan]] |Pork |Braised stew made with soy sauce, Chinese rice wine, caramelized sugar, and spices. Usually made with pork, but other meats, such as beef or chicken are also cooked in this style. |- |Rendang |[[Fayil:Rendang_daging_sapi_asli_Padang.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Indonesiya|Indonesia]] |Beef |Spicy beef stew braised in a [[Madara ta kwakwa|coconut milk]] and seasoned with a mixture of herbs and spices that has been slow cooked for usually four hours. |- |Rössypottu |[[Fayil:Rössypottua.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Finland]] |Pork |Stew made using potatoes (''pottu'', ''peruna''), some pork and the main ingredient, so-called "rössy" (i.e. blood pudding made of [[Jini|blood]], [[Giya|beer]], rye flour and some spices). |- |Rogan Josh |[[Fayil:Rogan_josh02.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Indiya|India]] |Lamb |Aromatic lamb stew native to the [[Geology na yankin Indiya|Indian subcontinent]], which is one of the signature recipes of Kashmiri cuisine. Rogan josh consists of braised lamb chunks cooked with a gravy based on browned onions or shallots, yogurt, garlic, ginger and aromatic spices (cloves, bay leaves, cardamom and cinnamon). |- |Rubaboo | |[[Amurka ta Arewa|North America]] |Game |Basic stew or porridge consumed by ''coureurs des bois'' and ''voyageurs'' (fur traders), as well as Métis people from North America. Traditionally made of peas or corn, or both, with [[Dabbar beya|bear]] or pork grease, and a thickening agent of bread or flour. |- |Sagamite | |[[Amurka ta Arewa|North America]] |Offal |Native-American stew made from hominy or Indian corn. Additional ingredients may include vegetables, wild rice, brown sugar, animal fat, beans, smoked fish or animal [[Kwakwalwa|brains]]. |- |Saksang |[[Fayil:Saksang_3.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Indonesiya|Indonesia]] |Pork |Spicy stew made from minced pork or dog meat (or more rarely, water buffalo meat) stewed in [[Jini|blood]], [[Madara ta kwakwa|coconut milk]], and spices. |- |Saltah |[[Fayil:Saltah.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Yemen]] |Lamb |Considered the national dish of Yemen, the base is a brown [[Nama|meat]] stew called ''maraq'', with [[fenugreek]] froth and ''sahawiq'' or ''sahowqa'', a mixture of chillies, [[Tumatir|tomatoes]], [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]], and herbs ground into a salsa. Common additions are [[Shinkafa|rice]], [[Dankalin turawa|potatoes]], scrambled eggs, and [[Kayan Lambu|vegetables]]. |- |Sambar |[[Fayil:Pumpkin_sambar.JPG|124x124px]] |India |Lentils Meat |South Indian stew made with lentils, vegetables and tamarind pulp extract. Famously used as a side dish with [[idli]], dosa, [[Vada (abinci)|vada]], pongal and plain cooked rice. |- |Sancocho |[[Fayil:Sancocho_de_guandú_con_carne_salá.JPG|124x124px]] |Colombia, Venezuela, Dominican Republic |Various |Meat, vegetables, root vegetables |- |Scouse |[[Fayil:Cookbook-beef-stew.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]]<br /><br />([[Ingila|England]]) |Beef |A variation of labskaus. A type of meat or beef stew. |- |Seco |[[Fayil:Seco_de_Cordero_(Lamb_Leg_Stew)_from_Lima_Peruvian_at_Off_the_Grid-_Fort_Mason_Center_(7423438016).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Ecuador]] |Lamb |Stewed meat. |- |Sekba |[[Fayil:Sekba_2.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Indonesiya|Indonesia]] |Offal |Chinese Indonesian pork offals stewed in mild soy sauce-based soup. The stew tastes mildly sweet and salty, made from soy sauce, [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]], and Chinese herbs. |- |Semur |[[Fayil:Semur_Ayam.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Indonesiya|Indonesia]] |Beef |Type of meat stew that is processed in thick brown gravy. The main material used in ''semur'' gravy is shallots, onions, [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]], ''kecap manis'' (sweet soy sauce), nutmeg, and [[Kaninfari|cloves]]. |- |Shiro |[[Fayil:Taita_and_shiro.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Eritrea]] |Vegetarian |Homogeneous stew whose primary ingredient is powdered chickpeas or broad bean meal. |- |Sinigang |[[Fayil:Sinigang_na_Baboy.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |Various |Filipino soup or stew characterized by its sour flavor most often associated with [[Tsamiya|tamarind]] (''sampalok''). |- |Skirts and kidneys |[[Fayil:Skirts_and_Kidneys.jpg|165x165px]] |Ireland |Pork & offal |Irish stew made from pork and pork kidneys. |- |Sonofabitch stew | |[[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]]<br /><br />(West) |Veal and offal |Cowboy dish consisting of whatever is on hand. Most recipes call for meat and offal from a calf. |- |Spanish fricco | |[[Jamus|Germany]] |Beef |A hearty Westphalian stew prepared primarily using diced beef, potatoes and onions, typically in a cream soup base. |- |Spezzatino |[[Fayil:Veal_stew_with_apples_and_potatoes_(13886150756).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Italiya|Italy]] |Beef | |- |[[Steak and Kidney]] | |[[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]] |Beef and offal |Slowly braised beef, traditionally the less tender cuts, and diced ox kidney. Traditionally served with beef suet dumplings which are cooked in the stew. |- |Stew peas | |[[Jamaika|Jamaica]] |Various |Jamaican stew prepared using [[Madara ta kwakwa|coconut milk]], gungo peas ([[Waaken Santanbul|pigeon peas]]) or red peas (kidney beans), uncured meats and salted meats such as pork and beef. Can also include onion, garlic, scallions, pig tail, herbs, and spices. |- |Sulu köfte |[[Fayil:Sulu_koftes.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Turkiyya|Turkey]] |Sausage |Soup-like stew with köfte meatballs in the dish. |- |[[Tajine]] |[[Fayil:Moroccan_Tajin.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Arewacin Afirka|North Africa]] |Lamb |[[Abincin Berber|Berber]] dish from North Africa, named after the special earthenware pot in which it is cooked. It includes different ingredients according to region, but commonly several kinds of vegetables, meats and spices |- |Tas kebap |[[Fayil:Tas_kebap_and_pilav.jpg|165x165px]] |[[Turkiyya|Turkey]] |Veal |Veal or mutton stew with potatoes |- |Tatws Pum Munud |[[Fayil:Tatws_Pum_Munud2.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]]<br /><br />([[Wales]]) |Pork |Traditional Welsh stew, made with smoked bacon, stock, potatoes and other vegetables. |- |[[Tharid]] |[[Fayil:LambTharid2.jpg|124x124px]] |Arab world |Lamb |Dish made from pieces of bread in a vegetable or meat broth. Pictured is lamb ''tharid''. |- |Tocană |[[Fayil:Plattradbrapolanta.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Romainiya|Romania]] |Vegetarian |Prepared with tomato, garlic and sweet paprika, it is traditionally consumed with a cornmeal mush called ''mămăligă''. |- |Tomato bredie |[[Fayil:Chicken_with_tomato_bredie_(12567481243).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]] |Lamb |South African stew with Dutch origin that usually features mutton, which is cooked for a very long time, and includes cinnamon, [[cardamom]], [[Citta|ginger]], [[Kaninfari|cloves]], and chili as seasonings. |- |Tombet |[[Fayil:Tombet6116.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]]<br /><br />([[Mayorka|Mallorca]]) |Vegetarian |Traditional vegetable stew that contains layers of sliced potatoes, aubergines and red [[Barkono|bell peppers]] previously fried in [[Man zaitun|olive oil]]. The aubergines and red peppers should not be peeled. The whole is topped with tomato fried with [[Tafarnuwa|garlic]] and parsley, and presented in a way that it looks like a pie without a crust. |- |Tuna pot |[[Fayil:Marmitako.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]], [[Faransa|France]]<br /><br />(Basque) |Fish |Fish stew that was eaten on tuna fishing boats in the Cantabrian Sea. A simple dish with potatoes, onions, pimientos, and tomatoes. |- |Türlü |[[Fayil:Турлитава_во_традиционална,_рачно_изработена_земјена_тава._01.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Turkiyya|Turkey]] |Vegetarian |Stew of mixed vegetables stew which may also include meat. The dish is known as ''tourlou'' in Greece and as ''turli tava'' in North Macedonia |- |[[Wat (abinci)|Wat (food)]] |[[Fayil:Ethiopian_wat.jpg|124x124px]] |[[Itofiya|Ethiopia]]<br /><br />[[Eritrea]] |Various |Stew or curry which may be prepared with meat, such as chicken, beef, or lamb, or a variety of vegetables, with spice mixtures, such as ''[[Berber|berbere]]'' and ''niter kibbeh'', a seasoned clarified butter. |- |Waterblommetjiebredie |[[Fayil:Aponogeton_distachyos_-_Waterblommetjies_from_tin.JPG|124x124px]] |[[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]] |Lamb |Meat, typically lamb, stewed together with ''waterblommetjies'' (''Aponogeton distachyos'' flowers, commonly known as Cape pondweed, Cape hawthorn or Cape asparagus). Literally means "small water flower stew" in [[Afrikaans]]. |- |Waterzooi |[[Fayil:(waterzooi)_(79743868).jpg|124x124px]] |[[Beljik|Belgium]]<br /><br />(Flanders) |Fish |Stew made of fish or chicken, vegetables (carrots, [[Albasa mai kara|leeks]], and potatoes), herbs, eggs, cream, and [[Man shanu|butter]]. |- |Zoervleis |[[Fayil:Zuurvlees_met_frietjes.jpg|124x124px]] |Limburg region,<br /><br />Belgium&<br /><br />the Netherlands |Horse |Traditional dish similar to German ''sauerbraten'' which features meat (normally horse meat) that was marinated in vinegar or apple cider. Contrary to what one would expect, it is sweet, as it is served with gingerbread. |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} cwihign1hibt938kfwu7t3wr154h65z Magungunan hana daukar ciki na maza 0 159953 967757 953315 2026-10-15T03:19:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Magungunan hana daukar ciki na maza''', wanda aka fi sani da kula da haihuwa na maza, hanyoyin [[Kulawar haihuwa|hana daukar ciki]] ne ta hanyar katse aikin maniyyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FAQS |url=https://www.malecontraceptive.org/faqs.html |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=Male Contraceptive Initiative |language=en}}</ref> Hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su na rigakafin haihuwa na maza sune [[Kwararon roba|condoms]], [[vasectomy]], da [[Coitus interruptus|janyewa]], wanda tare ya wakilci 20% na amfani da rigakafin ciki na duniya a cikin 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contraceptive Use by Method 2019 |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/files/documents/2020/Jan/un_2019_contraceptiveusebymethod_databooklet.pdf |website=United Nations}}</ref><ref name="Guttmacher Institute">{{Cite web |date=7 April 2021 |title=Contraceptive Use in the United States by Method |url=https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/contraceptive-method-use-united-states |website=Guttmacher Institute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Haakenstad A, Angelino O, Irvine CM, Bhutta ZA, Bienhoff K, Bintz C, Causey K, Dirac MA, Fullman N, Gakidou E, Glucksman T, Hay SI, Henry NJ, Martopullo I, Mokdad AH, Mumford JE, Lim SS, Murray CJ, Lozano R |date=July 2022 |title=Measuring contraceptive method mix, prevalence, and demand satisfied by age and marital status in 204 countries and territories, 1970-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 |journal=Lancet |volume=400 |issue=10348 |pages=295–327 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00936-9 |pmc=9304984 |pmid=35871816}}</ref> Sabbin nau'ikan rigakafin haihuwa na maza suna cikin [[Research and development|bincike da ci gaba]], amma tun daga 2025, babu wanda ya sami amincewar doka don amfani da shi ko'ina.<ref name="Male Contraceptive Initiative_3">{{Cite web |title=What Is In Development |url=https://www.malecontraceptive.org/what-is-in-development.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229210203/https://www.malecontraceptive.org/what-is-in-development.html |archive-date=2024-02-29 |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=Male Contraceptive Initiative |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-03 |title=Birth control options for men are advancing. Here's how they work. |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/male-contraceptives-birth-control-science-explained |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303190333/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/male-contraceptives-birth-control-science-explained |archive-date=March 3, 2023 |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=National Geographic Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=Dec 4, 2022 |title=In the hunt for a male contraceptive, scientists look to stop sperm in their tracks |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/12/04/1140512789/birth-control-male-contraceptive-sperm |access-date=Oct 12, 2023 |website=National Public Radio}}</ref> Za su iya samuwa kafin [[2030]], suna zaton ci gaba mai kyau da [[Clinical trials|Gwaje-gwaje na asibiti]].<ref name="Advances in Male Contraception: Whe">{{Cite journal |last=Kim |first=Jongwon |last2=So |first2=Byeongchan |last3=Heo |first3=Yongki |last4=So |first4=Hongyun |last5=Jo |first5=Jung Ki |date=July 2024 |title=Advances in Male Contraception: When Will the Novel Male Contraception be Available? |journal=World Journal of Men's Health |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=487–501 |doi=10.5534/wjmh.230118 |pmc=11216971 |pmid=38164023}}</ref>  Wadannan sabbin hanyoyin sun hada da creams na yau da kullun, allurar yau da kullun.<ref name="Male Contraceptive Initiative_3"/><ref name="Amory_2023">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Amory JK, Blithe DL, Sitruk-Ware R, Swerdloff RS, Bremner WJ, Dart C, Liu PY, Thirumalai A, Nguyen BT, Anawalt BD, Lee MS, Page ST, Wang C |date=August 2023 |title=Design of an international male contraceptive efficacy trial using a self-administered daily transdermal gel containing testosterone and segesterone acetate (Nestorone) |journal=Contraception |volume=124 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2023.110064 |pmid=37210024 |s2cid=258800752 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Nguyen_2021">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Nguyen BT, Yuen F, Farrant M, Thirumalai A, Fernando F, Amory JK, Swerdloff RS, Anawalt BD, Blithe DL, Long JE, Liu PY, Page ST, Wang C |date=November 2021 |title=Acceptability of the oral hormonal male contraceptive prototype, 11β-methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate (11β-MNTDC), in a 28-day placebo-controlled trial |journal=Contraception |volume=104 |issue=5 |pages=531–537 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2021.06.009 |pmc=8995005 |pmid=34153318}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Cook LA, Van Vliet HA, Lopez LM, Pun A, Gallo MF |date=March 2014 |title=Vasectomy occlusion techniques for male sterilization |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2014 |issue=3 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003991.pub4 |pmc=7173716 |pmid=24683020}}</ref><ref name="Soufir_2017">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Soufir JC |date=2017 |title=Hormonal, chemical and thermal inhibition of spermatogenesis: contribution of French teams to international data with the aim of developing male contraception in France |journal=Basic and Clinical Andrology |volume=27 |doi=10.1186/s12610-016-0047-2 |pmc=5237323 |pmid=28101363 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Long_2019">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Long JE, Lee MS, Blithe DL |date=January 2019 |title=Male Contraceptive Development: Update on Novel Hormonal and Nonhormonal Methods |journal=Clinical Chemistry |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=153–160 |doi=10.1373/clinchem.2018.295089 |pmid=30602479}}</ref> Wasu ma na iya zama unisex, ko kuma kowane mutum zai iya amfani da su, saboda suna iya lalata maniyyi a jikin mutum kafin zubar da ciki, ko kuma ya lalata maniyyin a jikin mace bayan insemination.<ref name="Lishko_2016">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lishko PV |date=October 2016 |title=Contraception: Search for an Ideal Unisex Mechanism by Targeting Ion Channels |journal=Trends in Biochemical Sciences |volume=41 |issue=10 |pages=816–818 |doi=10.1016/j.tibs.2016.08.002 |pmc=5364274 |pmid=27545067}}</ref>   == Tarihi == A cikin karni na 21, binciken ya nuna cewa kusan rabin maza a cikin ƙasashe a duk faɗin duniya suna da sha'awar amfani da sababbin hanyoyin hana daukar ciki, <ref name="Male Contraceptive Initiative_2">{{Cite web |title=International Market Research |url=https://www.malecontraceptive.org/international-market-research.html |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Male Contraceptive Initiative |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="methods">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Glasier A |date=November 2010 |title=Acceptability of contraception for men: a review |journal=Contraception |volume=82 |issue=5 |pages=453–456 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2010.03.016 |pmid=20933119}}</ref> <ref name="Attitudes toward male fertility con">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Heinemann K, Saad F, Wiesemes M, White S, Heinemann L |date=February 2005 |title=Attitudes toward male fertility control: results of a multinational survey on four continents |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_human-reproduction_human-reproduction_2005-02_20_2/page/549 |journal=Human Reproduction |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=549–556 |doi=10.1093/humrep/deh574 |pmid=15608042}}</ref> kuma maza a cikin gwaje-gwaje na asibiti don maganin hana daukar ciki na maza sun ba da rahoton matakan gamsuwa da samfuran.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Interest Among U.S. Men for New Male Contraceptive Options |url=https://www.malecontraceptive.org/uploads/1/3/1/9/131958006/mci_consumerresearchstudy.pdf |access-date=Oct 12, 2023 |website=Male Contraceptive Initiative |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006230044/https://www.malecontraceptive.org/uploads/1/3/1/9/131958006/mci_consumerresearchstudy.pdf |archive-date=October 6, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Nguyen_2021"/><ref name="Nguyen_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Nguyen BT, Farrant MT, Anawalt BD, Yuen F, Thirumalai A, Amory JK, Swerdloff RS, Bremner WJ, Liu PY, Blithe DL, Page ST, Wang C |date=July 2020 |title=Acceptability of oral dimethandrolone undecanoate in a 28-day placebo-controlled trial of a hormonal male contraceptive prototype |journal=Contraception |volume=102 |issue=1 |pages=52–57 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2020.04.006 |pmc=7287214 |pmid=32298717}}</ref> Mata a duk duniya sun kuma nuna babban sha'awa ga sabbin magungunan hana daukar ciki na maza, kuma kodayake maza da mata na iya amfani da magungunan rigakafin kansu a lokaci guda, mata a cikin dangantaka ta dogon lokaci sun nuna babban matsayi na amincewa da ikon abokin aikinsu na samun nasarar sarrafa amfani da hana daukar ciki.<ref name="Male Contraceptive Initiative_2" /><ref name="Reynolds-Wright_2021">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Reynolds-Wright JJ, Cameron NJ, Anderson RA |date=September 2021 |title=Will Men Use Novel Male Contraceptive Methods and Will Women Trust Them? A Systematic Review |url=https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/200401529/20_310.R2_Proof_hi.pdf |journal=Journal of Sex Research |volume=58 |issue=7 |pages=838–849 |doi=10.1080/00224499.2021.1905764 |pmid=33900134 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Glasier_2000">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Glasier AF, Anakwe R, Everington D, Martin CW, van der Spuy Z, Cheng L, Ho PC, Anderson RA |date=March 2000 |title=Would women trust their partners to use a male pill? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_human-reproduction_human-reproduction_2000-03_15_3/page/646 |journal=Human Reproduction |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=646–649 |doi=10.1093/humrep/15.3.646 |pmid=10686212}}</ref> Wani binciken samfurin daga 2018 ya ba da shawarar cewa ko da karɓar sabbin maganin hana daukar ciki na maza zai rage yawan Ciki ba tare da niyya ba a duniya, <ref name="Dorman_2018">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Dorman E, Perry B, Polis CB, Campo-Engelstein L, Shattuck D, Hamlin A, Aiken A, Trussell J, Sokal D |date=January 2018 |title=Modeling the impact of novel male contraceptive methods on reductions in unintended pregnancies in Nigeria, South Africa, and the United States |journal=Contraception |volume=97 |issue=1 |pages=62–69 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2017.08.015 |pmc=5732079 |pmid=28887053}}</ref> wanda ya kasance kusan kashi 50%, har ma a kasashe masu tasowa inda mata ke da damar yin amfani da maganin hana daukar hoto na zamani. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sedgh G, Singh S, Hussain R |date=September 2014 |title=Intended and unintended pregnancies worldwide in 2012 and recent trends |journal=Studies in Family Planning |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=301–314 |doi=10.1111/j.1728-4465.2014.00393.x |pmc=4727534 |pmid=25207494}}</ref> <ref name="Singh_2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Finer LB, Zolna MR |date=March 2016 |title=Declines in Unintended Pregnancy in the United States, 2008-2011 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_the-new-england-journal-of-medicine_2016-03-03_374_9/page/843 |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine |volume=374 |issue=9 |pages=843–852 |doi=10.1056/NEJMsa1506575 |pmc=4861155 |pmid=26962904}}</ref> Ciki mara kyau yana da alaƙa da mummunan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, ilimi, da kuma kiwon lafiya ga mata, maza, da kuma sakamakon yara (musamman a cikin al'ummomin da aka ware a tarihi), <ref name="Singh_2010">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Singh S, Sedgh G, Hussain R |date=December 2010 |title=Unintended pregnancy: worldwide levels, trends, and outcomes |journal=Studies in Family Planning |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=241–250 |doi=10.1111/j.1728-4465.2010.00250.x |pmid=21465725}}</ref> <ref name="Herd_2016">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Herd P, Higgins J, Sicinski K, Merkurieva I |date=March 2016 |title=The Implications of Unintended Pregnancies for Mental Health in Later Life |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=106 |issue=3 |pages=421–429 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2015.302973 |pmc=4815713 |pmid=26691118}}</ref> <ref name="Finer_2013">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Finer LB, Sonfield A |date=February 2013 |title=The evidence mounts on the benefits of preventing unintended pregnancy |journal=Contraception |volume=87 |issue=2 |pages=126–127 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2012.12.005 |pmid=23305754}}</ref> da 60% na ciki mara kyau sun ƙare a cikin [[zubar da ciki]], da yawa daga cikinsu ba su da aminci kuma suna iya haifar da cutar mata ko mutuwa.<ref name="Gipson_2008">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gipson JD, Koenig MA, Hindin MJ |date=March 2008 |title=The effects of unintended pregnancy on infant, child, and parental health: a review of the literature |journal=Studies in Family Planning |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=18–38 |doi=10.1111/j.1728-4465.2008.00148.x |pmid=18540521}}</ref><ref name="Trussell_2007">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Trussell J |date=March 2007 |title=The cost of unintended pregnancy in the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_contraception_2007-03_75_3/page/168 |journal=Contraception |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=168–170 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2006.11.009 |pmid=17303484}}</ref><ref name="Wise_2017">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wise A, Geronimus AT, Smock PJ |date=2017 |title=The Best of Intentions: A Structural Analysis of the Association between Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Unintended Pregnancy in a Sample of Mothers from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979) |journal=Women's Health Issues |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=5–13 |doi=10.1016/j.whi.2016.10.006 |pmc=5219931 |pmid=27913056}}</ref><ref name="Trussell_2013">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Trussell J, Henry N, Hassan F, Prezioso A, Law A, Filonenko A |date=February 2013 |title=Burden of unintended pregnancy in the United States: potential savings with increased use of long-acting reversible contraception |journal=Contraception |volume=87 |issue=2 |pages=154–161 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2012.07.016 |pmc=3659779 |pmid=22959904}}</ref><ref name="Guttmacher Institute_2020a">{{Cite web |date=2020-06-10 |title=Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion Worldwide |url=https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/induced-abortion-worldwide |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=Guttmacher Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bearak_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bearak J, Popinchalk A, Ganatra B, Moller AB, Tunçalp Ö, Beavin C, Kwok L, Alkema L |date=September 2020 |title=Unintended pregnancy and abortion by income, region, and the legal status of abortion: estimates from a comprehensive model for 1990-2019 |journal=The Lancet. Global Health |volume=8 |issue=9 |pages=e1152–e1161 |doi=10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30315-6 |pmid=32710833 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Guttmacher_2011">{{Cite web |date=2011-06-06 |title=Unsafe Abortion: The Missing Link in Global Efforts to Improve Maternal Health {{!}} Guttmacher Institute |url=https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2011/06/unsafe-abortion-missing-link-global-efforts-improve-maternal-health |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=www.guttmacher.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Guttmacher_2017">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-25 |title=Worldwide, an Estimated 25 Million Unsafe Abortions Occur Each Year {{!}} Guttmacher Institute |url=https://www.guttmacher.org/news-release/2017/worldwide-estimated-25-million-unsafe-abortions-occur-each-year |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=www.guttmacher.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Haddad_2009">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Haddad LB, Nour NM |date=2009 |title=Unsafe abortion: unnecessary maternal mortality |journal=Reviews in Obstetrics & Gynecology |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=122–126 |pmc=2709326 |pmid=19609407}}</ref><ref name="Ahman_2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ahman E, Shah IH |date=November 2011 |title=New estimates and trends regarding unsafe abortion mortality |journal=International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics |volume=115 |issue=2 |pages=121–126 |doi=10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.05.027 |pmid=21885049}}</ref> Sabili da haka, ci gaban sabbin magungunan hana daukar ciki na maza yana da damar inganta daidaiton launin fata, tattalin arziki, da jinsi a duk faɗin duniya, inganta adalci na haihuwa da ikon cin gashin kai ga dukkan mutane, da kuma ceton rayuka. == Hanyoyin da ake samu == === Vasectomy === [[Fayil:Open_Vasectomy_.jpeg|thumb|Hoton bude vasectomy]] Vasectomy hanya ce ta tiyata don lalata namiji na dindindin wanda ake yi a ofishin likita a cikin hanyar waje.[1] A lokacin aikin, ana yanke vasa deferentia na mai haƙuri, sannan a ɗaure ko a rufe shi don hana a saki maniyyi yayin zubar da ciki.[2] Vasectomy hanya ce mai tasiri, tare da kasa da 0.15% na abokan tarayya suna da juna biyu a cikin watanni 12 na farko bayan aikin.[3] Vasectomy kuma hanya ce mai aminci da aminci na hana daukar ciki, kuma rikitarwa suna da wuya da ƙananan. [4][5] Ana iya juyar da Vasectomies, kodayake yawan nasarar juyawa yana raguwa yayin da lokaci ya karu, kuma hanyar tana da wahala a fasaha kuma sau da yawa tana da tsada.[2][6][1] === Condoms === [[Fayil:Kondom.jpg|thumb|Condom mai rufi]] Condom na'urar shinge ce da aka yi da latex ko fim din filastik mai laushi wanda aka mirgine a kan azzakari mai tsayi kafin jima'i kuma yana riƙe da maniyyi, don haka hana ciki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Condoms {{!}} How to Put On a Condom Video |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/condom |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=www.plannedparenthood.org |language=en}}</ref> Condoms ba su da tasiri wajen hana daukar ciki fiye da vasectomy ko hanyoyin zamani na hana daukar ciki na mata, tare da ainihin gazawar duniya na 13%.<ref name="Guttmacher Institute_2020">{{Cite web |date=2020-01-23 |title=Contraceptive Effectiveness in the United States |url=https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/contraceptive-effectiveness-united-states |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Guttmacher Institute |language=en}}</ref> Koyaya, condoms suna da fa'idar samar da kariya daga wasu [[Cutar da ake kamuwa ta jima'i|cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i]] kamar [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=What are the Benefits and Advantages of Using Condoms? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/condom/what-are-the-benefits-of-condoms |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=www.plannedparenthood.org |language=en}}</ref> Ana iya haɗa kwaroron roba tare da wasu nau'ikan hana daukar ciki (kamar kisan kai) don ƙarin kariya.<ref name="simultaneous">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kestelman P, Trussell J |year=1991 |title=Efficacy of the simultaneous use of condoms and spermicides |journal=Family Planning Perspectives |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=226–7, 232 |doi=10.2307/2135759 |jstor=2135759 |pmid=1743276}}</ref> === Fitarwa === Hanyar janyewa, wanda aka fi sani da coitus interruptus ko janyewa. <ref name="www.plannedparenthood.org_2">{{Cite web |title=Pull Out Method {{!}} Withdrawal Method {{!}} What is Pulling Out? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/withdrawal-pull-out-method |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=www.plannedparenthood.org |language=en}}</ref> Halin da ya haɗa da dakatar da jima'i na jima'i da jima'in don cire azzakari daga cikin jima'i kafin zubar da ciki. Ana ɗaukar janyewa a matsayin hanyar hana daukar ciki mara inganci, tare da ƙimar gazawar amfani da al'ada a kusa da 20% .<ref name="Guttmacher Institute_2020"/> Koyaya, ba ya buƙatar kayan aiki ko hanyoyin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="www.plannedparenthood.org_2" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kf2na5ln2qzj9qi297oii1mcyyqs59j Prince Hezekiya 0 160576 967722 962217 2026-10-15T00:02:03Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378548949|Prince Hezekiah]]" 967722 wikitext text/x-wiki   Yarima Hezekiah Vincent (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba 1980), wanda aka fi sani da Yarima Hezekjah, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, mai kirkirar abun ciki, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya shirya shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo da kide-kide da yawa kamar Made-in-Portharcourt, Funny Kingz, Humuor Xclusive, Project Laff, da sauransu da yawa.[1] == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === [[File:Prince_Hezekiah_-_Early_Life_02.jpg|thumb|Yarima Hezekiya]] '''Yarima Hezekiya''' Vincent, an haife shi a titin Akokwa, Mile 2, Diobu a Port-Harcourt City, daga baya ya koma titin Awkuzu, Mile 1, Diobu a birnin Port Harcourt. Ya kuma girma a garin Abuja a birnin Port-Harcourt, jihar Rivers. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Jihar Sangana, Port-Harcourt, makarantar sakandare ta Enitonna Borikiri, Port- Harcourt, da [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] Choba . Ya fara wasan kwaikwayonsa a cikin coci. Daga nan sai ya kafa ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Liberty Productions da ƙungiyar rawa mai suna Zabura Afirka . Ya kuma kasance memba na kafa kungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ta Najeriya (N.A.G.) daga baya aka sake masa suna 'yan wasan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya (A.G.N.) Rivers State Chapter, kuma ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Nollywood kamar Oriaja, Crown Battle, Love of the Street, da dai sauransu. === Ilimi === Yarima Hezekiah ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Jihar Sangana, Port-Harcourt, makarantar sakandare ta Enitonna Borikiri, Port- Harcourt, da [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] Choba duk a Jihar Rivers, [[Najeriya]] == Bayyanawa == Yarima Hezekiya ya fara wasan kwaikwayonsa a cikin coci. Daga nan sai ya kafa ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Liberty Productions da ƙungiyar rawa mai suna Psalms Africa . Ya kuma kasance memba na kafa kungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ta Najeriya (NAG) daga baya aka sake masa suna 'yan wasan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya (AGN) Rivers State Chapter, kuma ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Nollywood kamar Oriaja, Crown Battle, Love of the Street, da sauransu. Yarima Hezekiah ya yi a cikin Opa Williams' Night of a Thousand Laughs a Port Harcourt, [[Owerri]], da jihar [[Bayelsa]]. Sauran su ne Crack Ya Ribs tare da [[Julius Agwu]], AY Live, Glo Lafta Fest, [[Basketmouth]]'s Lords of the Ribs, da Gordons' Laugh to the Moon . <ref name="tdl" /> Sauran su ne Tales of The Funny King wanda aka shirya a 2015 a Port Harcourt River State Nigeria, a 2016 a Aztech Arcum, Stadium Road, Port Harcoort . Ya kuma yi a Calabar Carnival, Rivers State Carnival), Rivers State Peace Carnival na Rivers State, da kuma bikin cika shekaru 50 na Rivers. Bikin wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka a Burtaniya, Birmingham City Ball, ya yi wa Gwamnoni da yawa da ayyukan Gwamnati kamar Jihar Rivers, Jihar [[Bayelsa]], [[Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]], Jihar Cross Rivers, da [[Imo|Jihar Imo]]. Ya kuma yi aiki a abubuwan da suka faru a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin ko Master of Ceremonies, bukukuwan aure, kambi, keɓewa.<ref name="tdl" /> == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- | - |Mafi kyawun Comedian Niger Delta (NDAA Awards) | -|| {{Won}} | |- | - |Rivers State Mafi kyawun Comedian |Gidauniyar Fasaha ta PHC|| {{Won}} | |- | - |Mafi kyawun Comedian Tarayyar Tarayyar Dalibai na Kalabari (FUKS) | -|| {{Won}} |<ref name="tdl" /> |- | - |Mai wasan kwaikwayo na Shekara |Mujallar Kalabari Times|| {{Won}} |<ref name="to" /> |- | - |Juvenis Comedian na shekara | -|| {{Won}} |<ref name="tdl" /> |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] l7o6k49vf5o49gdbv6x251pvdbxd2sl 967723 967722 2026-10-15T00:03:08Z Salma Raddah 45959 967723 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Yarima Hezekiah Vincent (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba 1980), wanda aka fi sani da Yarima Hezekjah, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, mai kirkirar abun ciki, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya shirya shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo da kide-kide da yawa kamar Made-in-Portharcourt, Funny Kingz, Humuor Xclusive, Project Laff, da sauransu da yawa.[1] == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === [[File:Prince_Hezekiah_-_Early_Life_02.jpg|thumb|Yarima Hezekiya]] '''Yarima Hezekiya''' Vincent, an haife shi a titin Akokwa, Mile 2, Diobu a Port-Harcourt City, daga baya ya koma titin Awkuzu, Mile 1, Diobu a birnin Port Harcourt. Ya kuma girma a garin Abuja a birnin Port-Harcourt, jihar Rivers. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Jihar Sangana, Port-Harcourt, makarantar sakandare ta Enitonna Borikiri, Port- Harcourt, da [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] Choba . Ya fara wasan kwaikwayonsa a cikin coci. Daga nan sai ya kafa ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Liberty Productions da ƙungiyar rawa mai suna Zabura Afirka . Ya kuma kasance memba na kafa kungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ta Najeriya (N.A.G.) daga baya aka sake masa suna 'yan wasan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya (A.G.N.) Rivers State Chapter, kuma ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Nollywood kamar Oriaja, Crown Battle, Love of the Street, da dai sauransu. === Ilimi === Yarima Hezekiah ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Jihar Sangana, Port-Harcourt, makarantar sakandare ta Enitonna Borikiri, Port- Harcourt, da [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] Choba duk a Jihar Rivers, [[Najeriya]] == Bayyanawa == Yarima Hezekiya ya fara wasan kwaikwayonsa a cikin coci. Daga nan sai ya kafa ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Liberty Productions da ƙungiyar rawa mai suna Psalms Africa . Ya kuma kasance memba na kafa kungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ta Najeriya (NAG) daga baya aka sake masa suna 'yan wasan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya (AGN) Rivers State Chapter, kuma ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Nollywood kamar Oriaja, Crown Battle, Love of the Street, da sauransu. Yarima Hezekiah ya yi a cikin Opa Williams' Night of a Thousand Laughs a Port Harcourt, [[Owerri]], da jihar [[Bayelsa]]. Sauran su ne Crack Ya Ribs tare da [[Julius Agwu]], AY Live, Glo Lafta Fest, [[Basketmouth]]'s Lords of the Ribs, da Gordons' Laugh to the Moon . <ref name="tdl" /> Sauran su ne Tales of The Funny King wanda aka shirya a 2015 a Port Harcourt River State Nigeria, a 2016 a Aztech Arcum, Stadium Road, Port Harcoort . Ya kuma yi a Calabar Carnival, Rivers State Carnival), Rivers State Peace Carnival na Rivers State, da kuma bikin cika shekaru 50 na Rivers. Bikin wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka a Burtaniya, Birmingham City Ball, ya yi wa Gwamnoni da yawa da ayyukan Gwamnati kamar Jihar Rivers, Jihar [[Bayelsa]], [[Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]], Jihar Cross Rivers, da [[Imo|Jihar Imo]]. Ya kuma yi aiki a abubuwan da suka faru a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin ko Master of Ceremonies, bukukuwan aure, kambi, keɓewa.<ref name="tdl" /> == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- | - |Mafi kyawun Comedian Niger Delta (NDAA Awards) | -|| {{Won}} | |- | - |Rivers State Mafi kyawun Comedian |Gidauniyar Fasaha ta PHC|| {{Won}} | |- | - |Mafi kyawun Comedian Tarayyar Tarayyar Dalibai na Kalabari (FUKS) | -|| {{Won}} |<ref name="tdl" /> |- | - |Mai wasan kwaikwayo na Shekara |Mujallar Kalabari Times|| {{Won}} |<ref name="to" /> |- | - |Juvenis Comedian na shekara | -|| {{Won}} |<ref name="tdl" /> |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] 94fonuvpzs4cevns05wok1c5pkxdd0l Makarantar dafa abinci 0 161215 967786 880195 2026-10-15T08:06:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar girki''' {{Efn|Often referred to as a cookery school, culinary school/college, or catering college.}} cibiya ce da aka keɓe don ilimi a fannin fasaha da kimiyyar girki da shirya abinci. Akwai nau'ikan makarantun girki daban-daban a duniya, wasu sun sadaukar da kansu ga horar da ƙwararrun masu dafa abinci, wasu kuma sun mayar da hankali ne ga masu son koyon abinci, wasu kuma sun haɗa da biyun. Makarantun girki na masu son koyon abinci galibi suna da alaƙa da yawon buɗe ido a ƙasashe da yawa. Shirye-shiryen na iya bambanta daga rabin yini zuwa shekaru da yawa. Wasu shirye-shiryen suna haifar da digiri na ilimi ko kuma takardar shaidar sana'a da aka amince da ita, yayin da wasu kuma ba sa yi. Shirye-shirye da yawa sun haɗa da ƙwarewa a cikin ɗakin girki na gidan abinci da ke haɗe da makarantar ko kuma lokacin ƙwarewar aiki a gidan abinci mai zaman kansa. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Marguerite_Martyn_sketch_of_adult_education_cooking_class_in_1913.jpg|right|thumb|Ana Barrows tana koyar da darasin girki ga manya a St. Louis, Missouri a shekarar 1913, a cikin wannan zane na Marguerite Martyn .]] Ilimin girki a Amurka sabon abu ne dangane da ilimin girki a Turai. Charles Ranhoffer, shugaban gidan cin abinci na farko mai kyau na Delmonico, ya buga wata mujallar ƙasa mai suna "Chef" a shekarar 1898, wadda ta haɗa da ɗaya daga cikin kira na farko na kafa makarantar horar da masu dafa abinci a Amurka. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Ranhoffer yana neman Turai don magance matsalolin ma'aikatansa, duk da haka, ya fara zama mai tsada da aiki mai yawa. A shekarar 1911, Amurka ta haɓaka tsarin da ya yi kama da na Turai, wanda masu koyon aiki za su kammala aikin sa'o'i 6,000 kafin su sami takardar shedar zama shugaba. Makarantar dafa abinci mai zaman kanta ta farko a Amurka ita ce Makarantar Girki ta Boston, wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1878, <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2016 |title=Learn the history of Cookery Schools |url=https://www.fagorprofessional.com/blog/en/history-of-cookery-schools/}}</ref> duk da haka, ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi shahara shi ne ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Girki ta Amurka a shekarar 1946. Cibiyar Girki ta Amurka ta kawo wata sabuwar hanya ta ilmantar da ƙwararrun masu dafa abinci, ta hanyar koyar da ɗalibai ka'idar da ke bayan aikinsu na gaba da kuma buƙatar su kammala horon aiki na tsawon makonni 18 da ake biyan kuɗi a wani gidan abinci da aka amince da shi, wanda ke buƙatar su ƙirƙiri aƙalla ɗalibai 51&nbsp;Kashi na kayan aikinsu daga farko. Makarantar tana amfani da salon koyarwa na hannu, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa ɗalibai suna koyo ta hanyar ƙwarewa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Story: CIA History |url=https://www.ciachef.edu/our-story/}}</ref> [[Fayil:Kehtna_Kutsehariduskeskus_005-kokad_pano.jpg|center|thumb|Kallon [[Kicin|ɗakin girki]] mai tsawon 360° daga gidan cin abinci na horo a Cibiyar Ilimi ta Kehtna da ke Kehtna ( [[Istoniya|Estonia]] ).]] == Manhajoji == [[Fayil:Culinary_Work_-_School_of_Hotel_Management_at_Vels_University.jpg|thumb|Aikin dafa abinci a Makarantar Gudanar da Otal-otal a Jami'ar Vels da ke [[Chennai]], Indiya]] Wasu makarantu, kamar Le Cordon Bleu, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-28 |title=Le Cordon Bleu - Why attend Le Cordon Bleu |url=http://www.cordonbleu.edu/whylcb/en |access-date=2014-04-13 |publisher=Cordonbleu.edu}}</ref> suna ba da shirye-shirye waɗanda mai dafa abinci zai iya nuna iliminsa da ƙwarewarsa kuma a ba shi takardar shaida. Wasu kuma, kamar Kwalejin Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Baltimore, Jami'ar Stratford, Jami'ar Johnson da Wales, da Cibiyar Culinary Institute of America <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-27 |title=CIA Leads the Way :: The Culinary Institute of America |url=http://www.ciachef.edu/cia-leads-the-way/ |access-date=2014-04-13 |publisher=Ciachef.edu}}</ref> suna ba da shirye-shirye inda ɗalibai za su sami digiri na Associate ko na Bachelor . Akwai kuma wasu kaɗan, kamar Kwalejin Al'umma ta Ivy Tech ta Indiana, Kwalejin Al'umma ta Manchester da ke Connecticut, Kwalejin Fasaha ta Los Angeles Trade da ke California, ko kuma inda ɗalibai za su sami digiri na Associate bayan kammala karatunsu ba kawai har ma da takardar shaidar Hukumar Culinary ta Amurka, babbar ƙungiyar ƙwararrun masu dafa abinci a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Culinary Connection Culinary Arts Academy |url=http://www.culinaryconnection.com/ |access-date=2014-04-13 |publisher=Culinaryconnection.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-04-19 |title=Who We Are |url=http://www.acfchefs.org/ACF/About/Overview/ACF/About/Overview/ |access-date=2014-04-13 |publisher=Acfchefs.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406141416/http://www.acfchefs.org/ACF/About/Overview/ACF/About/Overview/ |archive-date=2014-04-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manyan kwalejojin girki ==   == Manazarta == to87zdhq1nq30vi6ep1b8zok0frsqvr Makarantar dare 0 165631 967787 912898 2026-10-15T08:10:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar dare''' ko '''makarantar yamma''' makaranta ce ta koyon manya wadda ke gudanar da azuzuwan da yamma ko da daddare don ɗaukar nauyin mutanen da ke aiki da rana. [[Kwalejin Al'umma|Kwalejin al'umma]] ko [[jami'a]] na iya gudanar da azuzuwan makarantar dare waɗanda ke karɓar ɗaliban da ke karatun digiri na farko . == Jamus == === Dakin motsa jiki na Abendgymnasium === Makarantar '''''sakandare ta Abendgymnasium''''' ko " dakin motsa jiki na yamma" aji ne na makarantar sakandare ta Jamusanci ga manya sama da shekaru 18 wanda ke ba su damar samun ''Abitur'' . An fara su ne a shekarun 1920 a matsayin dama ga manya masu aiki don inganta zaɓuɓɓukan aikinsu. Domin samun damar shiga waɗannan makarantu, ɗaliban suna buƙatar aƙalla shekaru 18, kuma suna buƙatar aƙalla shekaru tara na makaranta a baya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Voraussetzungen |url=https://www.abendgymnasium-frankfurt.de/voraussetzungen/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=Abendgymnasium Frankfurt am Main |language=de-DE}}</ref> kuma suna buƙatar kammala horon sana'a ko kuma shekaru biyu na zama iyaye na zama a gida. Duk wanda bai cika waɗannan buƙatu ba yawanci yakan halarci wani gidan motsa jiki na yau da kullun don samun ''Abitur'' . Makarantun yamma suna mai da hankali kan samar da ƙarin ilimi ga manya waɗanda ba su da lokacin halarta da rana. Yawanci ana gudanar da azuzuwan bayan ƙarfe 17:30, kodayake ana iya gudanar da wasu azuzuwan da safe ga iyaye masu yaran makaranta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abitur nachholen an der Abendschule und Abendgymnasium |url=https://www.abitur-nachholen.org/weitere-wege-zum-abitur/abendschule |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=www.abitur-nachholen.org}}</ref> Ana koyar da darussa kamar yadda ake koyarwa a wani gidan motsa jiki na Jamus kuma ɗalibai galibi za su ci gaba da zama a makarantar tsawon shekaru huɗu kafin su yi jarrabawar ƙarshe. Wasu cibiyoyi suna ba da damar koyo ta yanar gizo inda ɗalibai za su iya kammala aikin ''Abitur'' a gida kuma suna buƙatar halartar makarantar dare biyu kawai a mako. Karatu kyauta ne ga Jamusawa a waɗannan makarantun. Idan wanda ya halarci taron yana da kuɗaɗen da ba na kai tsaye ba, kamar rage lokacin aikinsu don zuwa makaranta, za su iya samun tallafin kuɗi ta hanyar BaföG . Ba a biyan waɗannan tallafin kuɗi bayan kammala karatunsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kostenfreiheit |url=https://www.abendgymnasium-frankfurt.de/kostenfreiheit/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=Abendgymnasium Frankfurt am Main |language=de-DE}}</ref> A wasu jihohin tarayyar Jamus, makarantu masu zaman kansu suna ba da darussan ''Abendgymnasium'' . Galibi suna karɓar kuɗi tsakanin €50 a kowane wata zuwa €800 a kowace shekara. ==== Darussa ==== Darussan sun ƙunshi manyan fannoni uku: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abendgymnasium – Abendschule Kassel |url=https://abendschule-kassel.de/course-item/abendgymnasium/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |language=de-DE}}</ref> * Harshe: Jamusanci, ko Jamusanci a matsayin harshe na biyu; Turanci, Faransanci, Latin ko Sifaniyanci * Tarihi da Siyasa: Tarihi, Falsafa, Tattalin Arziki, Kimiyyar Zamani * Kimiyya: lissafi, ilmin halitta, sinadarai, kimiyyar kwamfuta Ƙarin darussan wasanni na son rai ne. Masu halartar makarantun yamma suna rubuta jarabawar ƙarshe iri ɗaya da ɗaliban sauran makarantun gwamnati. Takardar shaidar barin aiki ''ta Abitur'' ta ba su damar shiga jami'o'i. === Abendhauptschule === An '''Abendhauptschule''' ("Evening Hauptschule") aji ne na makarantar sakandare ta Jamus don manyan ɗalibai don ba su damar samun Hauptschulabschluss . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hauptschule |url=http://www.hh.schule.de/abg-stgeorg/html/hauptschule.html |access-date=2026-08-28 |archive-date=2020-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217062008/http://www.hh.schule.de/abg-stgeorg/html/hauptschule.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawanci ana yin azuzuwa da yamma. === Abendrealschule === '''Abendrealschule''' ("Evening Realschule") aji ne na makarantar sakandare ta Jamusanci ga ɗaliban da suka manyanta, wanda ke ba su damar samun Mittlere Reife da kuma wasu takaddun shaida na barin makaranta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2025 |title=Abendrealschule |url=https://www.km.bayern.de/lernen/schularten/weitere-schularten/abendrealschule |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Unterricht und Kultus}}</ref> Yawanci ana yin azuzuwa da yamma. == Ostiriya == Akwai ''ɗaliban makarantar sakandare'' a Austria da kuma Jamus, suna shirya ɗalibai don <nowiki><i id="mwTA">Matura</i></nowiki> . {{Interlanguage link|Abendgymnasium Wien|de}}An kafa , a [[Vienna]], a shekarar 1925, <ref name="Wien-About">{{Cite web |date=24 February 2024 |title=Schule |url=https://wien.abendgymnasium.at/schule/ |access-date=17 December 2024 |website=Abendgymnasium Wien |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111005749/https://wien.abendgymnasium.at/schule/ |archive-date=11 November 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> tare da hannun Wanda Lanzer, kuma an sake buɗe shi a shekarar 1945 bayan [[Austria within Nazi Germany|gwamnatin Nazi]] ta rufe shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2023 |title=Abendgymnasium – Abendgymnasium Wien |url=https://wien.abendgymnasium.at/fest-zur-100-jahre-feier/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |language=de-DE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223172751/http://wien.abendgymnasium.at/fest-zur-100-jahre-feier/ |archive-date=2024-02-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tun daga shekarar 2014, makarantar tana nan a Brünner Straße 72 a gundumar [[Floridsdorf]], kuma kimanin ɗalibai 2,000 sun halarci azuzuwan a can a shekarar 2022. <ref name="Wien-About" /> {{Interlanguage link|Abendgymnasium Salzburg|de}}An kafa a shekarar 1957. Yana kan Franz-Josef-Kai, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abendgymnasium – Abendgymnasium Salzburg |url=https://abendgymnasium.salzburg.at/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |language=de-DE}}</ref> a {{Interlanguage link|Lehen district|de|Lehen (Salzburg)}} . == Italiya == Makarantar '''scuola serale''' (makarantar yamma) cibiya ce da aka tsara don ilmantarwa da horar da ƙwararrun manya a [[Italiya]] . Makarantun farko na yamma sun buɗe a rabin farko na ƙarni na sha tara a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na yajin aikin farar hula na farko da ƙungiyoyin kwadago suka shirya, da babban manufar rage [[Ilimin karatu|jahilci]] . Manyan ayyukan agaji sun taimaka wajen ci gaba da yaɗuwar scuola serale. Tun daga ilimin firamare, makarantun yamma na farko sun yi amfani da tsarin ilimi na "ilimin juna" (ko koyarwa ta juna) wanda malaman Burtaniya Andrew Bell da Joseph Lancaster suka kafa, duk da karancin malamai. Da farko, ana gudanar da azuzuwan ne da rana da kuma yamma. Manoma, ma'aikata da kuma yara kanana ne ke yawan zuwa wurin. A ƙarshen ƙarni, saboda buƙatar samar da cikakken horo na fasaha da sana'o'i, azuzuwan maraice sun bazu a manyan biranen masana'antu. Makarantun fasaha na tashar jiragen ruwa sun taimaka wajen fara "Lahadin Biki," wani kari ga tarurrukan bita da ake budewa a ranar Lahadi kawai. Daga baya, waɗannan darussan Lahadi sun koma yamma. == Amurka == A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, wasu makarantun firamare da sakandare a Amurka suna ba da azuzuwan yamma ga yara daga iyalai matalauta waɗanda ke aikin gona. Zuwa shekarar 1910, babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne koyar da Turanci ga yaran da ba sa jin Turanci. == Duba kuma == * Ilimin manya * ''Abendhauptschule'' * ''Abendrealschule'' * ''[[Kolleg]]'' (makarantar rana irin ta ''Abendgymnasium'' ) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kwp4dzb4cbpjj5gkd1oclh75uexept1 Mai tattala arziki 0 166681 967775 918841 2026-10-15T04:17:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} masanin tattalin arziki''' ƙwararre ne kuma mai aiki a fannin [[kimiyyar zamantakewa]] na tattalin arziki. Mutum na iya karatu, haɓaka, da kuma amfani da ra'ayoyi da ra'ayi daga tattalin arziki da rubutu game da Manufofin tattalin arziki. A cikin wannan fagen akwai ƙananan fannoni da yawa, daga manyan ka'idoji [[Falsafa|falsafar]] zuwa nazarin da aka mayar da hankali ga ƙayyadaddun bayanai a cikin takamaiman kasuwanni, nazarin tattalin arziki, nazarin tattalin arziki microeconomic ko nazarin bayanin kuɗi, wanda ya haɗa da hanyoyin nazari da kayan aiki kamar tattalin arziki, kididdiga, tsarin lissafi na tattalin arziki, tattalin arziki, Binciken tasirin tsari da tattalin arziki. == Tarihin sana'ar == Kodayake yanzu an san masana tattalin arziki a matsayin kwararru a cikin sana'a daban, masu ba da gudummawa na farko ga tunanin tattalin arziki sune [[Falsafa|masana falsafa]]. Wasu daga cikin rubuce-rubucen Tattalin Arziki na farko sun kasance a zamanin d ̄ a, musamman Oeconomica na Aristotle da Oeconomicus na Xenophon na. Wadannan ayyukan sun magance, a cikin rudimentary, jigogi kamar rarraba aiki. A cikin karni na goma sha bakwai, yayin da tunanin tattalin arziki na zamani na farko ya fara farawa, manyan marubutan sun kasance masana masu yawa waɗanda suka rubuta kan tattalin arziki tare da falsafar da doka. Wannan gaskiya ne ga Richard Cantillon, wanda ya bayyana abin da daga baya ya zama sananne da tasirin Cantillon. A cikin shekara ta 1690, Nicholas Barbon, wanda ya kirkiro jinginar gida, ya rubuta A Discourse of Trade, ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko da ke inganta cinikayya kyauta, da kuma nazarin yanayin kasuwannin jari. [[Adam Smith]], a cikin An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, ya rubuta ɗayan manyan ayyukan farko da aka sadaukar da su gaba ɗaya ga tattalin arziki, yana taimakawa wajen kafa tattalin arziki a matsayin wani yanki na musamman a cikin kimiyyar zamantakewa. Ayyukansa na asali sun haifar da al'adun ilimi da yawa, gami da makarantar gargajiya (musamman [[David Ricardo]] da Jean-Baptiste Say) kuma, a cikin martani, Marxism, bin rubuce-rubucen [[Karl Marx]]. Tattalin arziki ya kara ƙwarewa a cikin karni na sha tara. Jean-Baptiste Say ya rike kujera ta farko ta Faransa a fannin tattalin arziki a Conservatoire national des arts et métiers a farkon karni.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reybaud |first=Louis |date=1864 |title=Les Chaires d'Économie politique en France |journal=Revue des Deux Mondes |issue=54}}</ref> A ƙarshen ƙarni, yawancin masana tattalin arziki da ke da alaƙa da Makarantar neoclassical sun kasance malamai, galibi ana horar da su a [[lissafi]]. Adadin masanin tattalin arziki ya sauya daga na masanin ilimin lissafi zuwa na ƙwararren masani. A cikin karni na ashirin, ci gaba a cikin ka'idar tattalin arziki da ke da alaƙa da John Maynard Keynes, Paul Samuelson, da [[Milton Friedman]] sun ba da gudummawa ga fitowar manyan makarantu da yawa na tunani: Tattalin Arziki na Keynesian, nan da nan aka haɗa ta hanyar haɗin Samuelson na neoclassical, sannan kudi Friedman's monetarism, wanda hakan ya rinjayi ci gaban sabon tattalin arzikin gargajiya. == Ayyuka == === Ilimi da horo === Kwararren da ke aiki a cikin ɗayan fannoni da yawa na tattalin arziki ko samun digiri na ilimi a wannan batun galibi ana ɗaukarsa masanin tattalin arziki ne; <ref name="bls">{{Cite web |title=Economists |url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Life-Physical-and-Social-Science/Economists.htm |access-date=2017-02-02 |website=[[U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics]] |language=en-us}}</ref> A cikin Gwamnatin Amurka, a gefe guda, ana iya hayar mutum a matsayin masanin tattalin arziƙi idan dai suna da digiri wanda ya haɗa ko an kara shi da sa'o'i 21 a cikin tattalin arziki da sa'i uku a cikin kididdiga, lissafi, ko lissafi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Economist Series, 0110: U.S. Office of Personnel Management |url=https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/classification-qualifications/general-schedule-qualification-standards/0100/economist-series-0110/}}</ref> duba Bachelor of Economics da Master of Economics . === Ayyuka da matsayi === Masana tattalin arziki suna aiki a fannoni da yawa ciki har da <ref name="bls" /> ilimi, gwamnati da kuma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, inda za su iya "yi nazarin bayanai da kididdiga don gano yanayin da ke cikin ayyukan tattalin arziki, matakan amincewar tattalin arziki, da halayen mabukaci. Suna kimanta wannan bayanin ta amfani da hanyoyin da suka ci gaba a cikin nazarin kididdiga, lissafi, shirye-shiryen kwamfuta [kuma] suna ba da shawarwari game da hanyoyin inganta ingancin tsarin ko amfani da yanayin yayin da suka fara.[and]Baya ga gwamnati da masana kimiyya, ana kuma amfani da masana tattalin arziki a [[banki]], kudi, lissafi, Kasuwanci, [[Kasuwancin yanar gizo|tallace-tallace]], Gudanar da kasuwanci, lobbying da kungiyoyin da ba na riba ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Economics Jobs and Economist Jobs |url=http://www.econ-jobs.com/ |publisher=Econ-Jobs.com |access-date=2026-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402031111/https://www.econ-jobs.com/ |archive-date=2016-04-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin kungiyoyi da yawa, "'''Mai Binciken Tattalin Arziki'''" wani matsayi ne na al'ada. Ana amfani da kwararru a nan (ko kuma suna aiki a matsayin masu ba da shawara ) don gudanar da bincike, shirya rahotanni, ko tsara tsare-tsare da dabarun don magance matsalolin tattalin arziki. A nan, kamar yadda aka tsara, mai sharhi yana ba da tsinkaye, bincike da shawara, bisa ga abubuwan da aka lura da ka'idodin tattalin arziki; wannan ya haɗa da tattara da sarrafa bayanan tattalin arziki da kididdiga ta amfani da hanyoyin tattalin arziki da dabarun kididdiga. ==== Kwalejin da bincike ==== [[Fayil:Mvc-017x.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban Tarayyar Tarayya Alan Greenspan, wanda ya sami Ph.D. a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar New York, ya ba da shaida a gaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai na Amurka kan Ayyukan Kudi.]] A cikin ilimi, yawancin masana tattalin arziki suna da digiri na Ph.D. a cikin Tattalin Arziki. ===== Kasuwanci masu zaman kansu ===== [[Fayil:Chair_Yellen_and_IMF_Managing_Director_Lagarde_140702_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Tsohuwar shugabar Tarayyar Tarayya Janet Yellen tana magana da Manajan Darakta na IMF Christine Lagarde, 2014.]] A bangaren jama'a, masu sharhi suna ba da shawara ga 'yan majalisa da masu zartarwa kan manufofi tattalin arziki, ayyukan jama'a da masu alaƙa; 'yan siyasa galibi suna tuntuɓar masana tattalin arziki kafin su kafa manufofin tattalin arziƙi; kuma' yan siyasa da yawa suna da digiri na ilimi a tattalin arziki. Wani Mai Binciken Tattalin Arziki na Gwamnatin Tarayya yana gudanar da nazarin tattalin arziki na batutuwan da suka shafi kai tsaye da aikin Hukumar gwamnatin tarayya. === Ka'idoji da cancanta === Ya bambanta da ayyukan da aka tsara kamar lissafi, injiniya, doka ko magani, babu buƙatar ilimi ko lasisi ga masana tattalin arziki. ==== Ta hanyar ƙasa ==== Masu karatun tattalin arziki suna iya aiki a digiri daban-daban dangane da yanayin tattalin arzikin yanki da yanayin Kasuwar aiki a lokacin ga wata ƙasa. Baya ga takamaiman fahimtar batun, masu aiki suna darajar ƙwarewar [[Yawanci|lissafi]] da bincike, ikon sadarwa da ikon fahimtar batutuwa masu yawa waɗanda masu digiri suka samu a [[jami'a]] ko kwaleji. A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, masu karatun tattalin arziki suna aiki a cikin saitunan jama'a da masu zaman kansu, gami da sassan gwamnati, masu ba da shawara, bankunan, kamfanonin inshora, da kamfanonin lissafi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Jennifer |date=June 2026 |title=Economics |url=https://www.prospects.ac.uk/careers-advice/what-can-i-do-with-my-degree/economics/ |access-date=4 September 2026 |website=Prospects}}</ref> Yawancin masu karatun tattalin arziki daga ko'ina cikin duniya sun ci nasara wajen samun aiki a manyan kamfanoni na kasa da kasa a bangarorin kudi da kasuwanci, da kuma masana'antu, siyarwa da IT, da kuma bangaren jama'a - misali, a bangarori na kiwon lafiya da ilimi, ko a cikin [[gwamnati]] da [[Siyasa]]. Wasu masu digiri suna ci gaba da gudanar da karatun digiri, ko dai a cikin tattalin arziki, bincike, horar da malamai ko ƙarin cancanta a fannonin ƙwararru. ===== Brazil ===== A cewar Ma'aikatar Aiki ta Amurka, akwai kimanin masana tattalin arziki 15,000 da ba na ilimi ba a Amurka a cikin 2008, tare da matsakaicin albashi na kusan $ 83,000, kuma saman kashi goma da ke samun fiye da $ 147,040 a kowace shekara. Kusan kwalejoji da jami'o'i 135 [ana buƙatar tabbatarwa] suna ba da kusan sabbin Ph.D. 900 a kowace shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subscription Application |url=http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AEA/gradstudents/Schools.htm}}</ref>  Sakamakon ya fi girma ga waɗanda ke cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, sannan gwamnatin tarayya ta biyo baya, tare da malamai da ke biyan mafi ƙarancin kuɗin shiga. Ya zuwa watan Janairun 2013, PayScale.com ya nuna yawan albashi na masu tattalin arziki na Ph.D. kamar haka: duk masu tattalin arziki, $ 61,000 zuwa $ 160,000; masu tattalin arziki da kamfanoni na Ph.C, $ 71,000 zuwa $ 207,000; masu cikakken farfesa na tattalin arziki, € 89,000 zuwa $ 137,000; masu haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki, $59,000 zuwa € 156,000, da mataimakan farfesa na Tattalin Arziki, $ 72,000 zuwa $ 100,000.<ref name="Pay Scale, US income of Economists">{{Cite web |title=Pay Scale, US income of Economists |url=http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Degree=Ph.D._Economics/Salary |access-date=2013-01-14}}</ref> ===== Ƙasar Ingila ===== Mafi girman ƙungiyar ƙwararru na masana tattalin arziki a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] sune fiye da mambobi 3500 na Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/civil-service-government-economic-service/about |access-date=May 30, 2022 |website=Gov.uk |publisher=Open Government Licence}}</ref> == Ilimin zamantakewa da fahimtar jama'a == === Matsayi tsakanin kimiyyar zamantakewa === ==== Yankin da tsibirin ==== Wasu marubutan suna jayayya cewa tattalin arziki yana da matsayi na musamman kuma sau da yawa yana da iko a cikin [[kimiyyar zamantakewa]], sau da yawa ana ganin shi (a ciki da waje da horo) a matsayin kimiyya da kuma tsarawa fiye da 'yar'uwarta.<ref name="Fourcade-2015">{{Cite journal |last=Fourcade |first=Marion |last2=Ollion |first2=Etienne |last3=Algan |first3=Yann |date=2015-02-01 |title=The Superiority of Economists |url=https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/jep.29.1.89 |journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives |language=en |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=89–114 |doi=10.1257/jep.29.1.89 |issn=0895-3309 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan girman da aka gani yana bayyane a cikin sana'ar kanta, amma kuma an ƙarfafa shi daga waje: masana tattalin arziki suna samun albashi mafi girma fiye da sauran masana kimiyyar zamantakewa, a cikin ilimi da kuma kasuwar ma'aikata. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Colander |first=David |date=2005-02-01 |title=The Making of an Economist Redux |url=https://doi.org/10.1257/0895330053147976 |journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=175–198 |doi=10.1257/0895330053147976 |issn=0895-3309 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Freeman |first=Richard B |date=1999-08-01 |title=It's Better Being an Economist (But Don't Tell Anyone) |url=https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.13.3.139 |journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=139–146 |doi=10.1257/jep.13.3.139 |issn=0895-3309 |url-access=subscription |doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau, suna da nasu babban kyautar: Kyautar Sveriges Riksbank a Kimiyya ta Tattalin Arziki don Tunawa da Alfred Nobel (wanda ake kira " Kyautar Nobel a Tattalin Ruwa"), kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da Manufofin jama'a wanda babu wani kimiyyar zamantakewa da ke morewa. Wadannan fasalulluka suna ba da gudummawa ga horo "rashin kula" da kuma karfafa kai na amincewa da fahimta.<ref name="Fourcade-2015" /> Ɗaya daga cikin bayani game da wannan rashin daidaituwa, zai zama hanyar da tattalin arziki ya ɗauka bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]]: ya fi watsi da ɗabi'a da ma'anar Magana kuma ya matsa kusa da tsarin kimiyyar halitta kamar kimiyyar lissafi, yana kafa kansa a cikin lissafi da samfuran da ba a fahimta ba.<ref name="Fourcade-2015" /> Wannan tsari na tsari ya sa tattalin arziki ban da sauran kimiyyar zamantakewa a duka matakan epistemological da kuma hanyoyin, yayin da masana tattalin arziki ke neman samun halayyar daga ka'idar ta hanyar irin waɗannan samfuran.<ref name="Fourcade-2015" /> ==== Matsayi na ciki da mujallu ==== Wani fasalin da ya bambanta da filin, wanda ke ƙarfafa matsayinsa na musamman, shine matsayi na ciki wanda ke ƙara kansa ga wannan na waje.<ref name="Fourcade-2015" /> An tsara tattalin arziki a kan saiti na hanyoyin da kayan aiki waɗanda aka bayyana a matsayin masu kyau ta saman horo sannan aka rarraba su zuwa sauran fagen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hansen |first=W. Lee |date=September 1971 |title=Prediction of Graduate Performance in Economics |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00220485.1971.10845341 |journal=The Journal of Economic Education |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=49–53 |doi=10.1080/00220485.1971.10845341 |issn=0022-0485 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wannan matsayi na iya ɓoyewa ko ware rikice-rikice na ciki kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga masana tattalin arziki suna magana da murya ɗaya, suna ƙarfafa rashin Amincewa, amintacce da halattacce a fagen jama'a. Ana iya bayyana wannan tsari kamar yadda aka kula da shi ta hanyar masu horo da suka hada da manyan sassan, manyan mujallu, da malaman da suka tashi daga tsohon don bugawa a cikin na ƙarshe. Sakamakon matsayi ya kafa ka'idoji da ka'idojin da suka kai ga daukar ma'aikata da kasuwar aiki, daya daga cikin mafi tsari da daidaitawa a cikin kimiyyar zamantakewa.<ref name="Fourcade-2015" /> Ana iya lura da sauye-sauye bayan yaƙi a cikin manyan mujallu na tattalin arziki: wani lokaci na ƙididdigar lissafi da dogaro da kididdiga, tare da raguwar alaƙa da ilimin zamantakewa, [[kimiyyar siyasa]] da [[doka]]. Daga shekarun 1980 zuwa 2000, ana iya lura da ƙarin canji a cikin wannan wuri mai faɗi: lissafi, wanda ya ba da ma'auni na hanya, ya koma baya a matsayin babban ma'anar waje, kuma ambaton mujallar kuɗi ya tashi cikin shahararrun a cikin alamu na ambaton, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan rassan tunani a cikin horo.<ref name="Fourcade-2015" /> === Masana tattalin arziki a cikin manufofin jama'a da fasaha === ==== Kudi da kuma kwararru ==== Ci gaban tsakiya na kudi yana tafiya tare da hauhawar makarantun kasuwanci, waɗanda ke amfani da yawancin masana tattalin arziki kuma suna da matsayi mai girma a cikin manyan mujallu, yayin da marubutan da ke da alaƙa da cibiyoyin jama'a suka zama marasa yawa.<ref name="Fourcade-2015" /> A alamance, wannan yana canza cibiyar ilimi da siyasa na sana'a zuwa duniyar kasuwanci, tare da ƙarin goyon baya ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, deregulation, da iyakoki kan sa hannun jama'a, kuma yana ƙarfafa ra'ayin haɗuwa tsakanin bukatun sana'a da na kudi, wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen bayyana canje-canje a cikin matsayin siyasa na masana tattalin arziki. A cikin wannan mahallin, malamai sun kuma bayyana al'adun "tsare-tsare" tsakanin masana tattalin arziki: amincewa mai ƙarfi da ikon su na ba da mafita da daidaita rashin aiki, dogaro da kayan aikin da suke ɗauka a matsayin masu tasiri da kimiyya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Callon |first=Michel |date=May 1998 |title=Introduction: The Embeddedness of Economic Markets in Economics |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1998.tb03468.x |journal=The Sociological Review |volume=46 |issue=1_suppl |pages=1–57 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-954x.1998.tb03468.x |issn=0038-0261 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa wannan tasirin na iya karfafa matsayi mafi girma da ake ba da shi ga masana tattalin arziki, yayin da yake barin su musamman a cikin fagen jama'a: a lokutan rikici, suna daga cikin na farko da za a yi musu tambayoyi da zargi.<ref name="Fourcade-2015" /> ==== Tasiri a cikin jihar ==== Wasu marubutan sun ba da rahoton rikice-rikice a cikin wannan ganewar asali na "mafi girma" na masana tattalin arziki.<ref name="Hirschman-2014">{{Cite journal |last=Hirschman |first=D. |last2=Berman |first2=E. P. |date=2014-10-01 |title=Do economists make policies? On the political effects of economics |url=https://academic.oup.com/ser/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ser/mwu017 |journal=Socio-Economic Review |language=en |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=779–811 |doi=10.1093/ser/mwu017 |issn=1475-1461 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Daga waje, kamar yadda aka ambata, masana tattalin arziki sun bayyana a matsayin mafi iko a cikin kimiyyar zamantakewa a cikin jihar: Masu yanke shawara sun saba da juyawa ga ƙwarewa, kuma masana tattalin arziki suna da manyan mukamai a cikin bankunan tsakiya, Ma'aikatun kudi, kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da majalisun ba da shawara.<ref name="Fourcade-2015" /> Ana ganin su a matsayin masana da ke "mahimmanci" [[tattalin arziki]], gami da jama'a gaba ɗaya. Amma daga ciki, masana tattalin arziki da yawa suna jin cewa tasirin su ba shi da yawa kuma yana da matukar damuwa a gare su: a cikin muhawara game da manufofi masu mahimmanci (Rikicin Yuro, [[Siyasa na canjin yanayi|Manufofin yanayi]], sake fasalin jin dadin jihar), rikice-rikice na jam'iyya da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da shawarwarin kwararru, koda kuwa masana tattalin arziki sun yarda da kansu.<ref name="Hirschman-2014" /> Mafi girma alama da kayan aiki na iya fassara zuwa tasirin manufofi ta hanyar manyan tashoshi guda uku: babban matakin ikon kwararru tattalin arziki yana jin daɗi, wanda ya sa ya zama ma'anar halitta lokacin da "tattalin arziki" ke cikin matsala; masana tattalin arziki suna da matsayi na dabarun a cikin jihohi da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, don haka a wasu yankuna ba kawai masu ba da shawara ba ne kawai ba amma masu yanke shawara kai tsaye ba; kuma tattalin arziki da ke tsara hanyoyin tunani (karfafa tattalin arziki, [[inganci]], ci gaba, Tsarin kimantawa da kuma masu amfani da tsarin fasaha) suna ganin hanyoyin da kuma masu rarraba-karwa.<ref name="Hirschman-2014" /> ==== Kimiyya na shawarwarin manufofi ==== Rashin tasirin masana tattalin arziki a fannonin yanke shawara yana tafiya tare da wani yanayi mai zurfi: "scientization" na shawarwarin manufofi. An bayyana wannan a matsayin babban yanayi na uku, yana ƙarawa ga fitarwa (ƙaruwa dogaro da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a waje da aikin gwamnati na gargajiya) da siyasa (mafi karfi a kan shawara da kuma amfani da masu ba da shawara na siyasa). <ref name="Christensen-2018">{{Cite journal |last=Christensen |first=Johan |date=2018-09-01 |title=Economic knowledge and the scientization of policy advice |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-018-9316-6 |journal=Policy Sciences |language=en |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=291–311 |doi=10.1007/s11077-018-9316-6 |issn=1573-0891 |pmc=6428222 |pmid=30956358}}</ref> A cikin wannan mahallin, yana nufin karuwar dogaro da masu yanke shawara akan masana kimiyya da kuma muhawara da aka gabatar a bayyane a matsayin kimiyya. A fannin Manufofin tattalin arziki, wannan yana nufin cewa gwamnatoci sun juya cikin tsari ga masana tattalin arziki na ilimi kuma rahotanni na kwamiti suna ƙara dogara ne akan binciken tattalin arziki, maimakon kawai a cikin kwarewar bureaucratic ko shigar masu ruwa da tsaki.<ref name="Christensen-2018" /> Koyaya, bai kamata a rage shawarar manufofin jama'a zuwa tattalin arzikin ilimi kadai ba. Binciken ambato ya nuna cewa rahotanni na kwamiti suna ci gaba da yin amfani da tushen ilimin da aka haɗu: tare da labarai a cikin mujallu na duniya, suna yawan ambaton takardun manufofin ƙasa, binciken da bankunan tsakiya da ofisoshin kididdiga suka samar, da kuma binciken da hukumomin gwamnati suka gudanar. Kimiyya ta haka ne ya kara wani nau'i na ilimi maimakon maye gurbin wasu nau'ikan ilimi. An kuma nuna cewa kimiyya na iya cika kayan aiki da aiki mai inganci.<ref name="Christensen-2018" /> ==== Fasaha da iyakoki ==== Ana iya lura da cikakken misali game da yadda sake fasalin Neoliberal zai iya wucewa bayan manufofin tattalin arziki da kuma cikin tsarin ma'aikata a [[Chile]] a karkashin Pinochet. Sauye-sauyen da ke da alaƙa da "Chicago Boys" (masu tattalin arziki da aka horar da su a cikin al'adar Chicago waɗanda suka ba da shawara ga gwamnatin) sun sake fasalin ilimi mafi girma ta hanyar cinikin kasuwa. Saurin fadada makarantu masu zaman kansu, ƙaddamar da shirye-shirye a fannoni masu daraja na kasuwanci ([[doka]], [[Injinia.|injiniya]], lissafi, kasuwanci, gudanarwa,...), da kuma warewar bil'adama sun nuna yadda sauye-sauyen da aka tsara a matsayin fasaha da zamani zasu iya sanya ka'idodin kasuwa a cikin ababen more rayuwa na jama'a, sake fasalin samar da ilimi da wanda ke samun dama.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Austin |first=Robert |date=1997 |title=Armed Forces, Market Forces: Intellectuals and Higher Education in Chile, 1973-1993 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2634025 |journal=Latin American Perspectives |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=26–58 |doi=10.1177/0094582X9702400503 |issn=0094-582X |jstor=2634025}}</ref> === MTsarin zamantakewa, dabi'u da siffar jama'a === Tattalin Arziki a matsayin horo yana da rinjaye na maza, idan aka kwatanta da sauran kimiyyar zamantakewa da yawa, kuma masu aikinta suma suna fitowa ne daga manyan zamantakewar jama'a.<ref name="Fourcade-2015" /> Masana tattalin arziki sun kafa ƙungiyar ƙwararru tare da bayanin martaba na musamman, ko a cikin halayensu, ra'ayoyinsu na siyasa, matsayinsu na zamantakewa, ko alaƙarsu da iko.<ref name="Fourcade-2015" /> Kamar yawancin duniyar ilimi, suna sanya kansu a gefen hagu na tsakiya, amma a matsakaita ba su da saɓani fiye da abokan aikinsu kuma suna da wata dangantaka da son kai. Yana da wahala, duk da haka, a tantance ko wannan dangantakar ta samo asali ne daga horar da tattalin arziki kanta, ko kuma ko mutane da suka riga sun fi dacewa da son kai suna iya zaɓar tattalin arziki da farko.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frey |first=Bruno S. |last2=Meier |first2=Stephan |date=2003 |title=Selfish and Indoctrinated Economists? |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.301868 |journal=SSRN Electronic Journal |doi=10.2139/ssrn.301868 |issn=1556-5068}}</ref> Ra'ayoyinsu sau da yawa ba su dace da na jama'a ba, misali a cikin goyon bayansu ga hanyoyin da ke kasuwa don magance batutuwan zamantakewa (kamar biyan masu ba da gudummawa, ko amfani da [[harajin carbon]]). Ta'aziyya ta dangi tana fadada nesa da zamantakewa wanda ke raba su daga wasu kungiyoyi, wanda ke tayar da tambayoyi saboda masana tattalin arziki suna da matsayi mai mahimmanci a tsakiyar tsarin yanke shawara, kuma cewa horo yana da alaƙa da gwamnatocin jama'a da manyan kungiyoyi.<ref name="Fourcade-2015" /> == Shahararrun masana tattalin arziki == == Dubi kuma == * Babban masanin tattalin arziki * Jerin masana tattalin arziki == Manazarta == === Bayani === [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2v5pkota93hwl7qlq9t8egkwc3d3d4e Manu Needhi Abokin Ciniki da Cibiyar Kare Muhalli 0 172664 967801 940922 2026-10-15T09:20:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Manu Needhi Abokin Ciniki da Cibiyar Kare Muhalli''' kungiya ce mai zaman kanta, wacce aka yi rajista a karkashin Dokar Rijistar Al'ummomin Tamil Nadu, 1975. Daliban shari'a na [[Chennai]]" id="mwCg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, [[Chennai]]">Kwalejin Dokta Ambedkar, Chennai ne suka kafa ta, mafi yawansu yanzu masu ba da shawara ne a Babban Kotun Madras, Chennau. == Mambobin zartarwa == * A. Muniraja - shugaban kasa * Akila Arunkumar- mataimakin shugaban kasa * S. Saravanan - babban sakatare * P. Saravana Siva - hadin gwiwar sakatare * R. Senthil Kumar - mai ba da kuɗi * M. Manikhandan - memba na kwamitin * Sindhuja Seenivasaga Perumal == Kariyar masu amfani == Manu Needhi yana aiki don wayar da kan masu amfani game da hakkinsu ta hanyar gudanar da kamfen na lokaci-lokaci. Bugu da ƙari, suna ba da taimakon shari'a kyauta <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=personalised legal aid: Real Time News and Latest Updates on personalised legal aid at The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/personalised-legal-aid/speednewsbytopic/keyid-1671092.cms |access-date=2013-12-21 |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> ga masu amfani don a gyara korafin su bisa doka a kotunan masu amfani. Sun kuma gabatar da karar jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Encroachment, MRP violation rampant in Koyambedu: Plea - The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Encroachment-MRP-violation-rampant-in-Koyambedu-Plea/articleshow/19523254.cms?intenttarget=no#.UXQf-dTNiuw.facebook |access-date=2013-12-21 |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff author(s); no by-line --> |date=2013-04-13 |title=PIL plea against CMBT shop-owners |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/pil-plea-against-cmbt-shopowners/article4613001.ece |access-date=2013-12-21 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> == Kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a == Ma'aikata a cibiyar sun shirya kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan da ke shafar jama'a gaba ɗaya, gami da kamfen a ƙauyuka masu nisa da kuma taron wayar da kan masu jefa kuri'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-03-30 |title=தேர்தலில் வாக்களிப்பதன் அவசியத்தை வலியுறுத்தி பேரணி |url=http://www.puthiyathalaimurai.tv/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-129175.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413131232/http://www.puthiyathalaimurai.tv/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-129175.html |archive-date=13 April 2014 |access-date=2014-04-09 |publisher=Puthiyathalaimurai TV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-03-31 |title=Voters Awareness Rally at Marina Beach Photos |url=http://news.chennaipatrika.com/post/2014/03/31/Voters-Awareness-Rally-at-Marina-Beach-Photos.aspx?filename=Voters-Awareness-Rally-at-Marina-Beach-Photo-05.JPG |access-date=2014-04-09 |publisher=Chennai Patrika |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413130552/http://news.chennaipatrika.com/post/2014/03/31/Voters-Awareness-Rally-at-Marina-Beach-Photos.aspx?filename=Voters-Awareness-Rally-at-Marina-Beach-Photo-05.JPG |archive-date=2014-04-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Express news Service |date=2014-04-01 |title=City IAS Aspirants Pledge to Vote, Ensure 'Clean' Poll |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/City-IAS-Aspirants-Pledge-to-Vote-Ensure-%E2%80%98Clean%E2%80%99-Poll/2014/04/01/article2142066.ece1#.U0UC9vmSxX9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413132357/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/City-IAS-Aspirants-Pledge-to-Vote-Ensure-%E2%80%98Clean%E2%80%99-Poll/2014/04/01/article2142066.ece1#.U0UC9vmSxX9 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |access-date=2014-04-09 |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-03-31 |title=கள்ள வாக்குகளை தடுக்க நோட்டா பயன்படும்: முன்னாள் தலைமைத் தேர்தல் அதிகாரி நரேஷ் குப்தா பேச்சு |url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/tamilnadu/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81/article5852413.ece |access-date=2014-04-09 |publisher=Dailythanthi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-03-31 |title=Awareness Rally |url=http://epaper.dailythanthi.com/showxml.aspx?id=16197191&code=7368 |access-date=2014-04-09 |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-03-31 |title=Voters Awareness Rally by Manu Needhi Consumer and Environmental Protection Centre |url=http://www.readwhere.com/read/c/2635147 |access-date=2014-04-09 |publisher=}}</ref> == Labarai da wallafe-wallafe == An san shugaban da mataimakin shugaban kungiyar da rubuta labarai<ref>{{Cite web |last=N.Jeeva |date=2013-12-08 |title=நீங்கள் நல்ல நுகர்வோரா? |url=http://epaper.dinamani.com/c/2033662 |access-date=2014-04-09 |publisher=Dinamani}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=N.Jeeva |date=2013-12-07 |title=நீங்கள் நல்ல நுகர்வோரா? |url=http://www.dinamani.com/weekly_supplements/sunday_kondattam/2013/12/07/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE/article1933478.ece |access-date=2014-04-09 |publisher=Dinamani}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-03-15 |title=Consumer Right is Your Right |url=http://epaper.dailythanthi.com/showxml.aspx?id=16177895&code=3327 |access-date=2014-04-09 |publisher=Dailythanthi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-03-22 |title=Consumer Right is Your Right |url=http://epaper.dailythanthi.com/showxml.aspx?id=16186631&code=5113 |access-date=2014-04-09 |publisher=Dailythanthi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-03-29 |title=Consumer Right is Your Right |url=http://epaper.dailythanthi.com/showxml.aspx?id=16194509&code=3306 |access-date=2014-04-09 |publisher=Dailythanthi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-04-05 |title=Consumer Right is Your Right |url=http://epaper.dailythanthi.com/showxml.aspx?id=16202217&code=3308 |access-date=2014-04-09 |publisher=Dailythanthi}}</ref> da suka shafi haƙƙin mabukaci waɗanda aka buga a cikin jaridu da mujallu na [[Indiya]], musamman a [[Tamil Nadu]]. == Manazarta == j7kkvlisf7pw2kyy0mlnl3uczerv5z3 Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli ta Alaska 0 173362 967739 943096 2026-10-15T00:56:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli ta Alaska''' (ADEC) ita ce hukumar kula da muhalli a cikin gwamnatin Alaska. Majalisar Dokokin Alaska ta kafa ADEC a cikin 1971, kuma an canja nauyin hukumar daga Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Alaska. Ya zuwa 2022 Kwamishinan ADEC shine Jason W. Brune . <ref>{{Cite web |title=DEC History |url=https://dec.alaska.gov/commish/dec-history/ |access-date=October 5, 2022 |publisher=Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005164821/https://dec.alaska.gov/commish/dec-history/ |archive-date=October 5, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ma'aikatar tana gudanar da dokoki da ka'idoji da suka shafi bangarorin [[ingancin ruwa]], haƙƙin ruwa da albarkatun ruwa, kula da bakin teku, tsaftacewar guba, sharar nukiliya, sharar gida mai haɗari, da ingancin iska. Hakanan yana gudanar da saka idanu da kimantawar kimiyya. == Manazarta == edkxxkinzpokhttzvorvem7j64frpzd Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa ta Colorado 0 173373 967745 943143 2026-10-15T01:31:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa ta Colorado''' ita ce babbar sashen Gwamnatin jihar Colorado da ke da alhakin ci gaba, kariya, da haɓaka albarkatun halitta na Colorado don amfani da jin daɗin mazaunan jihar na yanzu da na gaba, da kuma baƙi zuwa jihar. Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi 8 masu zuwa: * Cibiyar Bayanai ta Colorado Avalanche * Sashen Kula da dazuzzuka na Colorado * [[Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining, and Safety|Sashen Colorado na Reclamation, Mining, da Tsaro]] * Sashen albarkatun ruwa na Colorado * [[Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission|Hukumar Kare Man Fetur da Gas ta Colorado]] * Gidajen shakatawa na Colorado da namun daji * [[Colorado State Land Board|Hukumar Kula da Kasa ta Jihar Colorado]] * Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Colorado A baya ya haɗa da Binciken Yanayi na Colorado wanda aka cire kuma daga baya aka haɗa shi cikin Makarantar Ma'adinai ta Colorado a cikin 2014. A cikin 2022, Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa ta Colorado ta ba da sanarwar shirin samar da gobarar daji na Colorado Strategic Wildfire Workforce Development Grant, yana motsa dala miliyan 17.5 na karfafawa don fara aiki a kan ayyukan rage man fetur da haɓaka ikon Colorado don gudanar da aikin gyaran gandun daji da aikin rage gobarar daji. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Birzer |first=Dani |title=Department of Natural Resources announces new grant to boost wildfire mitigation projects |url=https://www.fox21news.com/news/department-of-natural-resources-announces-new-grant-to-boost-wildfire-mitigation-projects/ |access-date=2026-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308185448/https://www.fox21news.com/news/department-of-natural-resources-announces-new-grant-to-boost-wildfire-mitigation-projects/ |archive-date=2023-03-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == 0g5qflfreopjjvuphjayf8c45q8be4n Ma'aikatar Kula da Muhalli ta Idaho 0 173380 967741 943183 2026-10-15T01:02:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ma'aikatar Ingancin Muhalli ta [[Idaho]] ita ce sashen Gwamnatin jihar Idaho da ke da alhakin gudanar da dokokin muhalli da ka'idojin jihar da tarayya. Babban ofisoshin sashen suna cikin Boise, kuma ana kiyaye ofisoshin yanki guda shida. == Tarihi == An kafa sashen ne a cikin 2000 bayan da aka zartar da gyare-gyare ga Dokar Kare Muhalli da Lafiya ta Idaho. Kafin 2000, DEQ a Idaho wani bangare ne na Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idaho Department of Environmental Quality |url=https://www.ecos.org/members/idaho/ |access-date=2021-09-24 |website=The Environmental Council of the States (ECOS) |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Idaho Statutes Sec 39-1 |url=https://legislat=ure.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title39/T39CH1 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Idaho Legislature |language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tsarin da ayyuka == An tsara shi zuwa kashi biyar: * Ingancin iska: yana da alhakin saka idanu kan gurɓataccen iska da izini da suka shafi wannan * Ingancin Ruwa: ya kafa ka'idodin ingancin ruwa kuma yana sa ido kan ƙasa, farfajiyar, da ingancin ruwan sha * Gudanar da sharar gida da gyare-gyare: suna da alhakin duk batutuwan da suka shafi zubar da shararru * Gudanar da Muhalli da Bayani: yana ba da sabis na sadarwa na fasaha, gami da wallafe-wallafen * Ayyukan Fasaha: sashen bincike da tilasta fasaha, gami da ayyukan dubawa Har ila yau, sashen yana gudanar da kulawar da ba ta tsarawa ba na dakin gwaje-gwaje na Idaho. Darakta na sashen ya ba da rahoto ga gwamna. An ba da ƙarin ikon tsarawa a cikin Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Idaho, wanda, tare da shawarar babban lauya jihar, ya kafa dokoki da ka'idojin da sashen ke gudanarwa. == Manazarta == lp7g58zirs7ta9emw7x15cxg1okxqgo Ma'aikatar Harkokin Halitta ta Indiana Sashen Tilasta Dokar 0 173393 967738 943240 2026-10-15T00:53:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ma'aikatar Harkokin Halitta ta [[Indiana|Indiya]] ita ce sashen [[Tabbatar da doka|tilasta bin doka]] na Ma'abiyar Harkokin Hanyar Indiana, hukumar kula da kifi da wasanni ta Indiana. Ma'aikatar tana da iko a ko'ina cikin jihar da kuma cikin ruwan yankin jihar. Hedikwatar ƙungiyar tana cikin Indianapolis kuma tana aiki da gundumomi goma na tilasta bin doka a jihar. Sashen tilasta doka yana daukar ma'aikatan kiyayewa 214. Jami'an kiyayewa na Indiana ba wai kawai suna tilasta dokokin jihar ba, amma suna koyar da darussan Ilimi na waje, suna gudanar da ceto na kogi, ceto na kogo, bincike da dawowa a karkashin ruwa, kuma suna da ƙungiyoyin K-9. == Tarihi == A shekara ta 1897, Babban Taron Indiana ya ba Kwamishinan Kifi (wanda ya riga ya zama Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa ta Indiana) ikon nada akalla mataimaki daya a kowane Gundumar Indiana. A cikin 1911, an ba da doka da ta kafa masu kula da wasan. Sashen tilasta bin doka shine tsohuwar hukumar tilasta bin shari'a ta jihar Indiana. == Gundumomin tilasta bin doka == Gundumomi goma na tilasta bin doka sune: <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Indiana DNR Law Enforcement Contact List and Districts Map |url=http://www.in.gov/dnr/lawenfor/2755.htm |access-date=November 27, 2014 |publisher=Indiana Department of Natural Resources Law Enforcement Division |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119212155/http://www.in.gov/dnr/lawenfor/2755.htm |archive-date=November 19, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Gundumar 1 === * Hedikwatar gundumar: Syracuse, Indiana * Gundumomi: Saint Joseph County, Elkhart County, Marshall County, Kosciusko County, Fulton County, Miami County, Wabash CountyGundumar Wabash === Gundumar 2 === * Hedikwatar gundumar: Birnin Columbia, Indiana * Gundumar LaGrange, Gundumar Steuben, Gundumar Noble, Gundum De Kalb, Gundumar Whitley, Gundumar Allen, Gunduni Huntington, Gunduri Wells, Gundúuni AdamsGundumar Adams === Gundumar 3 === * Hedikwatar gundumar: West Lafayette, IndianaYammacin Lafayette, Indiana * Gundumomi: Benton County, White County, Cass County, Warren County, Tippecanoe County, Carroll County, Fountain County, Montgomery County, Clinton County, Boone CountyGundumar Boone === Gundumar 4 === * Hedikwatar gundumar: Anderson, Indiana * Gundumomi: Howard County, Grant County, Blackford County, Jay County, Tipton County, Madison County, Delaware County, Randolph County, Hamilton County, Henry County, Wayne CountyGundumar Wayne === Gundumar 5 === * Hedikwatar gundumar: Cloverdale, Indiana * Gundumomi: Gundumar Vermillion, Gundumar Parke, Gundumar Putnam, Gundumar Vigo, Gundumar Clay, Gundumar Owen, Gundumar Sullivan, Gundumar Greene == Manazarta == tjrfeigs2hzdc68shj4wmqsmmt9hzk7 Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Louisiana 0 173401 967742 943277 2026-10-15T01:18:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967742 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>'''LDEQ''' {{Databox}} <nowiki>;</nowiki> Faransanci<nowiki>:</nowiki> Département de Qualité Environnemental de Louisiane) hukuma ce ta jihar Louisiana wacce ke sa ido kan yanayin jihar. Tana da hedikwatar a cikin Ginin Galvez a cikin garin Baton Rouge . == Tsarinsa == Ma'aikatar Ingancin Muhalli ta kasu kashi biyar: <ref>{{Cite web |title=About LDEQ {{!}} Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality |url=https://deq.louisiana.gov/subhome/about-ldeq |access-date=2019-02-19 |website=deq.louisiana.gov}}</ref> * Ofishin Sakataren * Ofishin [[Binciken tasirin muhalli|Binciken Muhalli]] * Ofishin Kula da Muhalli[[Yarda da muhalli|Biyan Muhalli]] * Ofishin Ayyukan Muhalli * Ofishin Gudanarwa da Kudi == Tarihi == Hukumar Kula da Kogin daga 1940 zuwa 1979 ita ce kwamiti na farko da ke hulɗa da ruwa a Louisiana. Rubutun rubutu don kowane taron SCC a cikin shekarun 1970s sun kasance a cikin tarihin DEQ.Rubutun sun lissafa kowane wurin da aka tattauna a taron. "A mafi yawan lokuta, ka'idojin suna ƙunshe a cikin ayyukan da kansu".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality |date=2023-03-20 |title=Information & Records FAQs |url=https://www.deq.louisiana.gov/faq/category/1 |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=www.deq.louisiana.gov}}</ref> DEQ tana buga rahotanni na shekara-shekara tun daga shekara ta 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality |title=Annual Reports Archives |url=https://www.deq.louisiana.gov/news/archive/annual-reports |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=www.deq.louisiana.gov |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319234046/https://www.deq.louisiana.gov/news/archive/annual-reports |archive-date=2023-03-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == dfadp43oe7cc77bt2xqk29pupi20oo0 Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Oregon 0 173467 967743 963226 2026-10-15T01:21:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ma'aikatar Ingancin Muhalli ta [[Oregon]] (DEQ) ita ce babbar hukumar kula da gwamnati ta jihar Oregon ta Amurka da ke da alhakin karewa da inganta albarkatun kasa na jihar da kuma kula da tsabtace tsabta da sharar gida. Hukumar tana daukar ma'aikata kusan masana kimiyya 700, injiniyoyi, masu fasaha, masu gudanarwa, da kwararru na muhalli. Tana da hedikwatar a Portland, ofisoshin gudanarwa na yanki a Bend, [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]], da Portland; da kuma ofisoshin filin a Coos Bay, Medford, Pendleton, Salem, da The Dalles. Sashen Binciken Muhalli da Muhalli yana aiki da dakin gwaje-gwaje na muhalli a Hillsboro . Darakta na hukumar yana da ikon sanya tarar don keta dokokin yaki da gurɓataccen yanayi.<ref name="OBB DEQ Duties">{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Department of Environmental Quality - Present Duties and Responsibilities |url=https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/state/executive/environmental-quality.aspx |access-date=February 20, 2014 |website=Oregon Blue Book (Online) |publisher=Oregon Secretary of State}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Baya ga umarnin jihar, [[Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka]] (EPA) ta ba da iko ga DEQ don gudanar da shirye-shiryen muhalli na tarayya ciki har da Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa ta Tarayya, Dokar Tsabtar Ruwa, da Dokar Karewa da Maidowa a cikin jihar. <ref name="DEQ About Us">{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=About us |url=http://www.oregon.gov/DEQ/about_us.shtml |access-date=December 24, 2006 |website=Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (official website) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061215061950/http://www.oregon.gov/DEQ/about_us.shtml |archive-date=December 15, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Majalisar Dokokin Oregon ce ta kafa DEQ a shekarar 1969 lokacin da ta rushe wanda ya riga ta, Hukumar Lafiya ta Jihar Oregon, wacce aka kirkira a shekarar 1938 don mayar da martani ga kukan jama'a don tsaftace Kogin Willamette. Yana gudanar da dokokin gurɓataccen jihar, wanda aka fara kafa shi a cikin shekara ta 1889. <ref name="OBB DEQ Overview">{{Cite web |date=November 2009 |title=Department of Environmental Quality -- Administrative Overview |url=http://records.sos.state.or.us/ORSOSWebDrawer/RecordView/7589737 |access-date=January 16, 2012 |website=Oregon Blue Book |publisher=Oregon Secretary of State |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028112534/http://records.sos.state.or.us/ORSOSWebDrawer/RecordView/7589737 |archive-date=October 28, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * ''Oregon Waste Systems, Inc. v. Ma'aikatar Ingancin Muhalli ta Oregon'' == Manazarta == tdu98oofgxt8jd7cjtbxtxzpykjmn2a Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa ta Kudu Carolina 0 173480 967746 943485 2026-10-15T01:34:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa ta Kudu Carolina''' (DNR) hukuma ce ta jihar Carolina ta Kudu wacce ake cajin tsara [[farauta]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=New rifle range opens in Charleston County |url=http://www.northcarolinasportsman.com/details.php?id=13968 |access-date=12 April 2017 |publisher=North Carolina Sportsman, Inc. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413071855/http://www.northcarolinasportsman.com/details.php?id=13968 |archive-date=13 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Croft State Park gets new barrier-free fishing pier |url=http://www.northcarolinasportsman.com/details.php?id=13945 |access-date=12 April 2017 |publisher=North Carolina Sportsman, Inc. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413071502/http://www.northcarolinasportsman.com/details.php?id=13945 |archive-date=13 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jirgin ruwa, umarnin hatimi, da kokarin kiyayewa <ref>{{Cite web |title=The quest to bring back South Carolina’s only native trout |url=https://greenvillejournal.com/2017/03/29/quest-bring-back-south-carolinas-native-trout/ |access-date=12 April 2017 |publisher=Greenville Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413071643/https://greenvillejournal.com/2017/03/29/quest-bring-back-south-carolinas-native-trout/ |archive-date=13 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> na Gwamnatin jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Carolina’s Best WMA Draw Hunts for Ducks |url=http://www.gameandfishmag.com/hunting/hunting_ducks-geese-hunting_sc_aa114802a/ |access-date=12 April 2017 |publisher=Game and Fish Magazine.}}</ref> Kwamitin Daraktoci mai mambobi bakwai ne ke jagoranta. gwamnan Kudancin Carolina ya nada memba daga kowane Gundumomin majalisa na jihar, ban da memba ɗaya na babba kwamiti. Kwamitin ko gwamna na iya nada kwamitin ba da shawara ga 'yan ƙasa don samar da shawarwari game da shirye-shiryen hukumar. Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa kuma tana kula da [[Yankin kariya|Gundumomin kiyaye ƙasa da ruwa]] na jihar, waɗanda gundumomi ne na musamman da ke kusa da kowane ɗayan yankuna 46 na Kudancin Carolina. Kowace gundumar kiyayewa ana sarrafa ta ta allon mambobi shida. Ana nada mambobi uku na kowane kwamitin ta hanyar Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa, yayin da aka zabi ɗayan rabin kai tsaye. == Babban ma'aikatan DNR == * Darakta - Thomas S. Mullikin * Shugaban Ma'aikata - Shannon F. Bobertz ** Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata - Kevin Ryan * Rarrabawar DNR: ** Tyler Brown, Mataimakin Darakta (Land, Water and Conservation Division) ** COL Chisolm Frampton, Mataimakin Darakta (Sashen Tabbatar da Shari'a) ** Blaik Keppler, Mataimakin Darakta (Sashen albarkatun ruwa) ** James Dillman, Mataimakin Darakta (Sashen Rayuwa da Kifi na Ruwa) == Mambobin kwamitin DNR == * Dokta Mark F. Hartley, Shugaban (1st congressional district) * Duane Swygert, Mataimakin Shugaban (Gundumar majalisa ta 6) * Michael E. Hutchins (Gundumar majalisa ta biyu) * Davy Hite (Gundumar majalisa ta uku) * Hope Blackley (Gundumar majalisa ta 4) * James Carlisle Oxner III (Gundumar majalisa ta 5) * Jerry Allen Lee (Gundumar majalisa ta 7) == Dokar tilasta aiki == Sashen Dokar Shari'a yana da alhakin aiwatar da dokokin jihohi da na tarayya waɗanda ke kula da farauta, kifi na nishaɗi da kasuwanci, jirgin ruwa na nishaɗi, da sauran damuwa game da kiyaye albarkatun kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SC DNR unveils robot deer to combat illegal hunting |url=http://www.foxcarolina.com/story/30033927/sc-dnr-unveils-robot-deer-to-combat-illegal-hunting |access-date=12 April 2017 |publisher=FOX Carolina. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413071908/http://www.foxcarolina.com/story/30033927/sc-dnr-unveils-robot-deer-to-combat-illegal-hunting |archive-date=13 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Rukunin yana gudanar da darussan ilimin farauta da jirgin ruwa na Kudancin Carolina, da kuma sauran shirye-shiryen fadakarwa ciki har da Take One Make One da Archery in the Schools shirye-shirye da nufin gabatar da matasa ga wasan farauta. Sashen yana da alhakin binciken hatsarori na jirgin ruwa da farauta, kuma jami'an DNR suna gudanar da ayyukan bincike da ceto a kai a kai a yankuna masu nisa da kuma taimakawa wasu hukumomin tilasta bin doka a cikin bincike. Sashen yana da jami'an da aka horar da su a cikin ruwa wanda ke taimakawa wajen tilasta bin doka, bincike da ceto, da kuma ayyukan dawo da shaidu. Har ila yau, Sashen yana amfani da jirgin sama don sintiri na tilasta bin doka, bincike da ceto, da sauran ayyukan sashen. Ana kiran sashen da jami'ansa don samar da tsaron gida da ke da alaƙa da ayyukan da ke dauke da ruwa ciki har da jigilar jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci, da madatsar ruwa, kayan aikin nukiliya, da tsaron masana'antar makamashi. Kudancin Carolina ta jami'an tilasta albarkatun kasa an shirya su cikin yankuna huɗu da ke rufe kungiyoyi na yankuna 46 na jihar da bakin teku da ruwa zuwa mil 200. Ana kiyaye lambar kyauta ta awa 24 don gaggawa da ke buƙatar taimakon tilasta bin doka nan da nan daga jami'in albarkatun kasa. Kowane mutum na iya kiran wannan lambar ba tare da izini ba don bayar da rahoton keta dokar kiyayewa ko bayanin da zai iya haifar da kama mai keta doka kuma ya cancanci samun lada ta hanyar Operation Game Thief Program. === Sashen === Hukumar kamar yadda aka shirya a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1994, a karkashin Dokar sake fasalin S.C. ta ƙunshi tsohon Sashen Kula da namun daji da albarkatun ruwa, Hukumar Kula da Ruwa (shirye-shiryen da ba na tsarawa ba), Hukumar Kula da Kasa (shirye'ikan da ba na sarrafawa ba), Binciken Yanayin Jiha (Masanin Jiha), da Kwamitin Tsuntsaye na S.C . Wadannan an haɗa su cikin tsarin rarrabuwa na yanzu. Thomas S. Mullikin shine darektan hukumar a yanzu. === Kwamitin === SCDNR tana karkashin jagorancin kwamitin S.C. mai mambobi bakwai, tare da memba daya da ke wakiltar kowane ɗayan Gundumar Majalisa shida na jihar da ɗaya gaba ɗaya. Kwamitin yana haɗuwa kowane wata. Kwamitocin ba da shawara ga jama'a suna haɗuwa lokaci-lokaci. Ana gayyatar jama'a su halarci dukkan tarurruka, kuma ana ƙarfafa suyi sharhi. Ana sanar da tarurruka masu zuwa ta hanyar fitar da labarai, jaridu na gida, ko Sashen DNR News da Bidiyo. Har ila yau, ana samun minti na taron SCDNR Board yayin da Hukumar ta amince da su. == Manazarta == 8z5g4m937k7jk5pjbfxtyshyhrgglr3 Ma'aikatar Karewa da Nishaɗi ta Virginia 0 173492 967740 943516 2026-10-15T00:59:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma'aikatar Karewa da Nishaɗi ta Virginia''' sashen gwamnati ne na Virginia, Amurka; tana kula da duk wuraren shakatawa na jihar Virginia da wuraren adana halittu.<ref name="Vgov_DCR">{{Cite web |title=Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation |url=https://www.virginia.gov/agencies/virginia-department-of-conservation-and-recreation/ |access-date=January 15, 2017 |website=The Official Site of The Commonwealth of Virginia |publisher=Commonwealth of Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213223148/https://www.virginia.gov/agencies/virginia-department-of-conservation-and-recreation/ |archive-date=December 13, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Douthat_Lake_Douthat_State_Park_Virginia_USA.jpg|thumb|Douthat Lake a Douthat State Park, ɗaya daga cikin wuraren shakatawa na asali na jihar Virginia wanda Civilian Conservation Corps ya gina.]] == Tarihi == An kirkiro Hukumar Kula da Tsaro da Ci Gaban Jihar Virginia a 1926 a karkashin Gwamna Harry F. Byrd don karfafawa da daidaita hukumomin kiyayewa da yawa: Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Ci Gabanin Ruwa, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Jiha, Binciken Yanayi na Jiha, Ofishin Masanin ilimin ƙasa na Jiha. William E. Carson (1870-1942) shi ne shugaban farko na hukumar (wanda ba a biya shi ba) kuma ya yi aiki har sai ya yi murabus har sai an sake tsara shi wanda ya fara aiki a ƙarshen Disamba 1934 kuma wanda ya ba da izini ga ma'aikacin jihar na cikakken lokaci don jagorantar hukumar. Carson ya karfafa abin da a karkashin magajinsa Wilbur C. Hall (1935-1939), ya zama Shenandoah National Park, tare da daidaitawa tare da Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida da Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), wanda ya kirkiro tsarin wuraren shakatawa na jihohi na dala miliyan 5 (a musayar kudaden Virginia na $ 100,000 wanda wasu suka kira "babban ciniki na Sabon Yarjejeniya"). Har ila yau, a lokacin shugabancin Carson, Gwamna John Garland Pollard a cikin 1932 ya karɓi filayen ƙasa da yawa a ciki da kewayen Richmond, Virginia, wanda a watan Maris na 1936 ya zama Richmond National Battlefield Park bayan an ba shi ga National Park Service saboda a lokacin [[Great Depression|Babban Mawuyacin hali]] Commonwealth ba ta da kuɗi don haɓaka da kula da waɗannan ƙasashe da gine-gine. Carson ya kuma kirkiro Sashen Tarihi da Archaeology a cikin Hukumar Kula da Tsaro da Ci Gaban Jiha kuma ya fara shirin alama ta tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Guide to the Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records, 1927–1950 |url=http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi00960.xml |access-date=19 April 2018 |website=ead.lib.virginia.edu}}</ref> An kirkiro wuraren shakatawa na farko na jihar Virginia a watan Yunin 1936 duk da adawar sanatocin Virginia Carter Glass da Harry F. Byrd ga wasu fannoni da yawa na gwamnatin Shugaba [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]. Gidan shakatawa na farko na jihar sune: Westmoreland State Park, Seashore State Park (wanda daga baya ya zama First Landing State Park), Fairy Stone State Park, Staunton River State Park, Douthat State Park da Hungry Mother State Park. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan CCC sun gina Yankin Ci Gaban Yarima William (yanzu Yankin Gidan shakatawa na Yarima William wanda Hukumar Kula da Gidan shakata ta Kasa ke sarrafawa) da Yankin Nuni na Swift Run (yanzu Gidan shakam na Jihar Pocahontas) a matsayin wuraren shakatawa na rukuni, waɗanda daga baya aka canza su zuwa wuraren shakatawa. A cikin waɗannan da sauran ayyukan, CCC ta yi aiki da 107,210 a Virginia a wani lokaci ko wani, gami da matasa 64,762 na Virginians waɗanda suka dasa bishiyoyi miliyan 15.2, suka gina gadoji 986, suka rage haɗarin wuta sama da kadada 152, suka rataye kilomita 2,128 na layin tarho kuma suka adana kifi miliyan 1.3. Virginia ta sami kuɗin jihar na biyar mafi girma a kasar, wanda ya kai dala miliyan 109 a lokacin wanzuwar hukumar ta shekaru tara. [[File:Mason_Neck_State_Park_-_Virginia_Natural_Resources_Police_SUV.jpg|thumb|Motar 'yan sanda ta Virginia State Parks a Mason Neck State ParkGidan shakatawa na Jihar Mason Neck]] Sunan hukumar ya canza a 1938 zuwa Hukumar Kula da Tsaro ta Virginia, wanda N. Clarence Smith (1939-1942), da William A. Wright (1942-1948) suka jagoranta. A cikin 1948 Babban Taron Virginia ya sake tsara gwamnatin jihar kuma ya kirkiro Ma'aikatar Karewa da Ci gaba, wanda ya karfafa ayyukan Hukumar Karewa, Hukumar Kula da Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Jiha da Hukumar Shirye-shiryen Jiha. Gwamna William Tuck ya nada Wright a matsayin darektan sabon Ma'aikatar Karewa da Ci Gaban. A shekara ta 1985, wani babban sake tsara gwamnati ya kirkiro Ma'aikatar Karewa da Nishaɗi ta Virginia ta yanzu. == Manazarta == 7ey7r8maxm1jvv3vrqqjbhmfk70rsqc Léane Alestra 0 173759 967736 944135 2026-10-15T00:30:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=sociologue}}Léane Alestra ƙwararriyar marubuciya ce kuma 'yar jarida ' yar ƙasar Faransa wacce ta ƙware a nazarin jinsi, an haife ta a shekarar 1998. An san ta da rubuce-rubucenta kan jigogin mata, ciki har da Les Vigilantes da aka buga a shekarar 2025. == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Matasa da horo === An haifi Léane Alestra a shekarar 1998 ga uwa wacce malamar makaranta ce kuma uba wanda ma'aikacin gwamnati ne a zauren garin. Ta girma a Vaulx-en-Velin ( Rhône ) sannan ta yi yarinta a Médoc,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Léane Alestra - Biographie |url=https://www.leslibraires.fr/personne/leane-alestra/2256235/ |access-date=25 mai 2025 |website=leslibraires.fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527161640/https://www.leslibraires.fr/personne/leane-alestra/2256235/ |archive-date=2025-05-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref>.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Alice Raybaud |date=2023-09-18 |title=Léane Alestra, l’ex-fille des « boys clubs » qui déboulonne les masculinités |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/campus/article/2023/09/18/leane-alestra-l-ex-fille-des-boys-clubs-qui-deboulonne-les-masculinites_6189837_4401467.html |journal=Le Monde |language=fr |access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunta na sakandare, ta fara karatun zane-zane na zamani a wata makaranta mai zaman kanta da ke Bordeaux.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kareen Janselme |date=2025-05-18 |title=Léane Alestra, femme engagée contre le femonationalisme |url=https://www.humanite.fr/feminisme/droit-des-femmes/leane-alestra-femme-engagee-contre-le-femonationalisme |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=[[L'Humanité]] |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ana ba ta ƙarin darussa kyauta a [[HEC Paris|HEC]], wanda take karɓa. Ta gano duniyar kuɗi a can kuma ta ce an yi mata kalaman batanci, galibi ita ce mace ɗaya tilo da ke cikin ƙungiyarta.<ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 2020, yayin da take ɗalibar digiri na biyu a lokacin kulle-kullen da ya shafi annobar Covid-19, ta ci gaba da karatunta ta hanyar shirin aiki da karatu a wani kamfani na fara aiki . Tana fuskantar rashin gamsuwa da aikinta.<ref name=":0" /> === Tun daga shekarar 2020 === A cikin wannan mahallin, kuma yana da sha'awar al'amuran mata, Léane Alestra ta ƙirƙiro wani aiki na kashin kanta mai suna Mécréantes a cikin 2020. Aikin ya ta'allaka ne akan wani asusun sada zumunta da ke magana kan batutuwan ilimi kan batutuwan jinsi, da kuma wani shirin podcast da zai gayyaci masu bincike da marubuta kan waɗannan jigogi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-16 |title=Interroger nos idées reçues sur le genre avec Léane Delanchy du podcast Mécréantes |url=https://www.parispodcastfestival.com/programme2021-j3/interroger-nos-id%C3%A9es-re%C3%A7ues-sur-le-genre-avec-l%C3%A9ane-delanchy-du-podcast-m%C3%A9cr%C3%A9antes-(en-partenariat-avec--patreon) |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=parispodcastfestival.com |language=fr}}</ref> Sunan yana nuni ga sunayen da aka bai wa mata da aka bayyana a matsayin " karkatacciyar hanya ».<ref name=":0" /> Tana kutsa kai cikin ƙungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na dama a intanet, wani lokacin tana bayyana kanta a matsayin namiji. Tana halartar tattaunawar da ta kai ga ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar Nemesis Collective.<ref name=":1" /> A shekarar 2021, ta fara digiri na biyu a fannin nazarin jinsi a Jami'ar Paris-VIII.<ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 2023, ta buga wani littafi mai suna ''Shin Maza Masu Juna Biyu Da Gaske ne? ?'' , inda ta yi bincike kan ƙa'idodin zamantakewa na maza da kuma yadda ake sanya su ga maza.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barbara Krief |date=2023-04-05 |title=« Les hommes hétéros le sont-ils vraiment ? », Léane Alestra décrotique la masculinité |url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/rue89/20230405.OBS71817/les-hommes-heteros-le-sont-ils-vraiment-la-masculinite-decortiquee.html |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=[[Le Nouvel Obs]] |language=fr}}</ref> Musamman ma, yana magana ne game da "manufofi" na soyayya » da kuma dangantakar da maza ke da ita da juna, da kuma matsayin da suke bai wa mata,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-13 |title=La virilité, une norme sociale ? |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/zoom-zoom-zen/zoom-zoom-zen-du-mardi-13-juin-2023-8723761 |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=[[France Inter]] |language=fr}}</ref>,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faustine Kopiejwski |date=2023-04-06 |title=“Les Hommes hétéros le sont-ils vraiment?”: Léane Alestra dénonce les paradoxes de l'hétérosexualité |url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/non-classe/les-hommes-hetero-le-sont-ils-vraiment-leane-alestra-denonce-les-paradoxes-de-lheterosexualite-551984-06-04-2023/ |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=[[Les Inrockuptibles]] |language=fr-FR}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thelma Susbielle |date=2023-04-27 |title=Les hommes hétéros le sont-ils vraiment ? Léane Alestra lève le tabou sur les constructions masculines |url=https://www.femmeactuelle.fr/amour/news-amour/les-hommes-heteros-le-sont-ils-vraiment-leane-alestra-leve-le-tabou-sur-les-constructions-masculines-2154332 |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=[[Femme Actuelle]] |language=fr}}</ref> A cikin 2025, Alestra ya buga ''Les Vigilantes'' tare da masu wallafa Jean-Claude Lattès. A cikin wannan rubutun, ta gabatar da wasu abubuwa masu rikitarwa game da matsayin mata waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin ƙungiyoyin asali.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-10 |title=La fascisation de la société : comment les idées d'extrême droite se diffusent-elles ? |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/france-culture-va-plus-loin-le-samedi/la-fascisation-de-la-societe-comment-les-idees-d-extreme-droite-se-diffusent-elle-3207062 |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=[[France Culture]] |language=fr}}</ref> Musamman ma, ta haɓaka manufar kwangilar sa ido, inda mata za su dace da hoton mace da ya dace da tattaunawar ƙasa, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin " Mai kyau da kuma ta hanyar sa ido kan kansu don ware mata da ake ganin suna da mummuna " Ta kuma ambaci " ''hukuma mai duhu'' » dabarun haɗa mata a cikin ƙungiyar kama-karya, wadda ta ƙunshi yin tashin hankali ga ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, domin ƙarfafa matsayinsu da ikonsu a cikin motsinsu da al'ummarsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-17 |title=L'autrice Léane Alestra dénonce le "fémonationalisme", ou l'utilisation du féminisme à des fins nationalistes |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/nouvelles-tetes/nouvelles-tetes-du-jeudi-17-avril-2025-3566332 |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=[[France Inter]] |language=fr}}</ref> Daga shekarar 2025, Léane Alestra ta ba da gudummawa wajen ƙirƙirar wata kafar watsa labarai mai zaman kanta mai suna ''Problematik'', tare da haɗin gwiwar Arya Meroni da Apolline Bazin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Margot Bonnéry |date=2025-12-12 |title=Problematik, « un média queer pour dégager l’horizon » : on rencontre les fondatrices |url=https://www.humanite.fr/feminisme/feminisme/problematik-un-media-queer-pour-degager-lhorizon-on-rencontre-les-fondatrices-2 |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=[[L'Humanité]] |language=fr-FR}}</ref> An ƙaddamar da shi a mars 2026 bayan wani kamfen na tara kuɗi wanda ya tara sama da 100 000 euros, kuma yana ba da labarin edita bisa ga nazarin abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-12 |title="Problematik" : naissance d'un média queer indépendant |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/un-monde-connecte/problematik-ou-la-naissance-d-un-media-queer-independant-5763981 |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=[[France Culture]] |language=fr}}</ref> === Sirri === A cikin gabatarwar rubutunsa '', Shin Maza Masu Jinsi Biyu Da Gaske Ne Masu Jinsi Biyu? ?'' Ta nuna cewa ita ' yar madigo ce.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poesy |first=Emma |date=2023-05-07 |title=Rencontre avec Léane Alestra: «Il y a une contradiction dans la manière dont les hommes construisent leur masculinité» - Maze.fr |url=http://maze.fr/2023/05/rencontre-avec-leane-alestra-il-y-a-une-contradiction-dans-la-maniere-dont-les-hommes-construisent-leur-masculinite/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=Maze |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Littattafai == * Sabrina Erin Gin, Axelle Jah Njiké, Léane Alestra, Anaïs Bourdet, Lou Eve, Sharone Omankoy, Emanouela Todorova et Nanténé Traoré (ill. Hina Hundt), Nos amours radicales : 8 visions singulières pour porter un regard nouveau sur l'amour, Les Insolentes, 1er septembre 2021, 192 p. (ISBN 2-01-710130-3). * Léane Alestra, Les hommes hétéros le sont-ils vraiment ?, Éditions Jean-Claude Lattès, 15 mars 2023, 324 p. (ISBN 2-7096-7137-9). * Léane Alestra, Les vigilantes : Surveillées et surveillantes, ces femmes au cœur de l'extrême droite, Éditions Jean-Claude Lattès, 9 avril 2025, 336 p. (ISBN 2-7096-7252-9, BNF 48523002). == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{Liens}}{{Portail|sociologie|genre|LGBT|femmes|France}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] nn5zn9ikkwa3sg1azs0rccc8cc1dkap Lázaro Barbosa na Sousa 0 173799 967735 956446 2026-10-15T00:28:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lázaro Barbosa na Sousa''' 27 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1988 - 28 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2021) ya kasance Mai kisan gilla na Brazil, mai ga kai, kuma mai fyade. Ya kashe mutane biyu a shekarar 2007 kuma ya tsere daga kurkuku sau da yawa. A ranar 9 ga watan Yuni 21, ya kashe 'yan uwa hudu a Ceilândia kuma ya gudu, wanda ya haifar da neman mutum na kwanaki 20 wanda ya kai ga mutuwarsa a cikin harbi da' yan sanda. == Tarihin aikata laifuka == An kama shi a Bahia a shekara ta 2007 saboda kashe mutane biyu, amma ya tsere bayan kwana goma, kuma ya koma Gundumar Tarayya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2021 |title=Suspeito de chacina no DF foi preso por duplo homicídio na Bahia em 2007 |url=https://www.emaisgoias.com.br/suspeito-de-chacina-no-df-foi-preso-por-duplo-homicidio-na-bahiaa-em-2007/ |access-date=26 June 2021 |website=Mais Goiás |language=pt-BR |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615011207/https://www.emaisgoias.com.br/suspeito-de-chacina-no-df-foi-preso-por-duplo-homicidio-na-bahiaa-em-2007/ |archive-date=15 June 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Shekaru biyu bayan haka, an sake kama shi a [[Brasilia|Brasília]] kuma an tura shi kurkukun Papuda, a wannan lokacin an same shi da sata, [[fyade]], da mallakar bindiga ba bisa ka'ida ba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=20 June 2021 |title=Com medo de Lázaro, família com grávida dorme dentro de carro em frente à sede da força-tarefa em Cocalzinho de Goiás |url=https://g1.globo.com/go/goias/noticia/2021/06/20/com-medo-de-lazaro-familia-com-gravida-dorme-dentro-de-carro-em-frente-a-sede-da-forca-tarefa-em-cocalzinho-de-goias.ghtml |access-date=26 June 2021 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2013, ƙungiyar likitoci sun kammala cewa yana da matsaloli masu tsanani na tunani, kuma sun bayyana Lázaro a matsayin mai saurin motsawa, mai damuwa, wanda ba shi da hankali, kuma yana da "damuwar jima'i".<ref name=":0" /> A lokacin Easter na 2016, ya sake tserewa bayan an ba shi izinin barin kurkuku na ɗan lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2021 |title=Caso Lázaro: veja detalhes do processo que concedeu regime semiaberto a suspeito de chacina no DF |url=https://g1.globo.com/df/distrito-federal/noticia/2021/06/21/caso-lazaro-veja-detalhes-do-processo-que-concedeu-regime-semiaberto-a-suspeito-de-chacina-no-df.ghtml |access-date=1 July 2021 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref> A shekara ta 2018, an sake kama shi amma ya sake tserewa. == Jerin lokaci na ayyukan aikata laifuka na 2021 == === 9 Yuni 2021 === A ranar 9 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2021, de Sousa ya mamaye wani karamin gida da ke Incra 9, a birnin Ceilândia, inda ya kashe dan kasuwa mai shekaru 48 Cláudio Vidal da 'ya'yansa maza Gustavo Marques, mai shekaru 21, da Carlos Eduardo Marques, masu shekaru 15. Yayinda yake gudu, ya yi garkuwa da Cleonice Marques mai shekaru 43, matarsa kuma mahaifiyar wadanda aka kashe uku. Kafin a sace shi, Marques ta sami damar tuntuɓar ɗan'uwanta kuma ta faɗakar da shi game da abin da ya faru a gidanta. Ɗan'uwan Cleonice ya je gidan ya kira 'yan sanda. Duk da haka an kashe Marques, kuma an gano gawar ta bayan kwana uku.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2021 |title=Veja o passo a passo do suspeito desde a chacina ocorrida no DF |url=https://www.metropoles.com/distrito-federal/veja-o-passo-a-passo-do-suspeito-desde-a-chacina-ocorrida-no-df |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Metrópoles |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brasil |first=Bolavip |date=14 June 2021 |title=Serial Killer Lázaro Barbosa Souza causa pânico em Brasília |url=https://br.bolavip.com/cotidiano/Cotidiano--Serial-Killer-Lazaro-Barbosa-Souza-causa-panico-em-Brasilia-20210614-0044.html |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Bolavip Brasil |language=pt-BR |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619072835/https://br.bolavip.com/cotidiano/Cotidiano--Serial-Killer-Lazaro-Barbosa-Souza-causa-panico-em-Brasilia-20210614-0044.html |archive-date=19 June 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === 10 Yuni === Kashegari, Barbosa ya shiga wani karamin gida, kilomita uku daga wanda ya shiga a baya, yana riƙe da mai shi da mai kula da gidan a matsayin masu garkuwa na sa'o'i uku. Yayinda yake can, ya tilasta wa mai shi ya dafa masa yayin da yake alfahari da laifin da ya yi a baya, wanda ya riga ya sami ɗaukar hoto a kafofin watsa labarai. Barbosa ya kuma tilasta wa wadanda abin ya shafa su sha da kuma yin kwayoyi tare da shi. Bayan haka, ya gudu tare da wayoyin salula, jaket da reais 200 tare da shi. A wannan lokacin, bai kashe ko cutar da kowa ba.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2021 |title="Reagiram e deu merda", disse suspeito de triplo homicídio a outra vítima |url=https://www.metropoles.com/distrito-federal/reagiram-e-deu-merda-disse-suspeito-de-triplo-homicidio-a-outra-vitima |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Metrópoles |language=pt-BR}}</ref> === 11 ga Yuni === Barbosa ya sace mota a Ceilândia sannan ya tuka zuwa [[Goiás]]" id="mwQg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cocalzinho de Goiás">Cocalzinho na Goiás, a cikin jihar Goiás da ke makwabtaka, inda ya ƙonewa motar don ya sa ya fi wuya ga 'yan sanda su bi shi. Wani abokin tarayya ya taimaka masa wajen tserewa.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Patriolino' |first='Darcianne Diogo, Luana |date=6 June 2021 |title=Busca por suspeito de matar família no Incra 9 já dura três dias |url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/cidades-df/2021/06/4930753-busca-por-suspeito-de-matar-familia-no-incra-9-ja-dura-tres-dias.html |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Cidades DF |language=pt-BR}}</ref> === 12 Yuni === A ranar 12 ga Yuni, Barbosa ya mamaye wani karamin gida kuma ya yi garkuwa da mai kula, kuma ya tilasta wa mutumin ya sha tare da shi, a wannan rana bai yi fashi ba ko kuma ya cutar da mai kula.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2021 |title=Suspeito de matar família em Ceilândia (DF) volta a atacar na cidade de Cocalzinho (GO) - País |url=https://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/ultima-hora/pais/suspeito-de-matar-familia-em-ceilandia-df-volta-a-atacar-na-cidade-de-cocalzinho-go-1.3097155 |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Diário do Nordeste |language=pt-BR}}</ref> A wannan rana, bayanan 'yan sanda sun gano wasu wuraren da ya yi amfani da su a matsayin mafaka, jami'an' yan sanda sun kuma gano ragowar Cleonice, matar da ya sace a ranar 9 ga Yuni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2021 |title=Suspeito de matar família no DF tinha dois esconderijos em matagal |url=https://g1.globo.com/df/distrito-federal/noticia/2021/06/12/suspeito-de-matar-familia-no-df-tinha-dois-esconderijos-em-matagal-na-regiao-do-incra-9.ghtml |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref> A wannan dare, Barbosa ya shiga wani karamin gida. Mutane uku suna cikin gidan, sun yi yaƙi kuma an harbe su, duk ukun sun ji rauni, kuma biyu sun kasance cikin mawuyacin hali. Bayan harbi mazaunan gidan, Barbosa ya tsere ya dauki bindigogi biyu daga karamin gidan. Daga baya, a wannan rana, ya ƙone gida kuma ya musayar wuta tare da 'yan sanda, amma ya sami nasarar tserewa daga gare su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2021 |title='Ele é o chamado satanista', diz polícia sobre Lázaro Barbosa de Sousa, suspeito de chacina no DF |url=https://g1.globo.com/df/distrito-federal/noticia/2021/06/14/ele-e-o-chamado-satanista-diz-investigador-sobre-lazaro-barbosa-de-sousa-suspeito-de-chacina-no-df.ghtml |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> === 13 Yuni === Barbosa ya tsere wa 'yan sanda, ya sace mota da aka ajiye, kuma ya tuka kilomita 30 har sai ya zo kusa da shingen da' yan sanda suka kafa, sannan ya watsar da motar ya gudu da ƙafa zuwa dazuzzuka inda ya ci gaba da ɓoyewa.<ref name=":1" />&nbsp; === 14 Yuni === A ranar 14 ga Yuni, babu wani rajista game da motsi na Barbosa a yankin, wani mai kula da gona da ake zargin ya musayar wuta tare da mai laifin kuma ya ce ya harbe Barbosa da asuba tsakanin 14 da 15 ga Yuni. 'Yan sanda ba su bincika ba idan asusun mai kula gaskiya ne. Ba a ji wa mai kula da shi rauni ba a lokacin harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Povo |first=O. |date=15 June 2021 |title=Suspeito de chacina na Ceilândia segue foragido após trocar tiros com caseiro e ficar ferido |url=https://www.opovo.com.br/noticias/brasil/2021/06/15/suspeito-de-chacina-na-ceilandia-segue-foragido-apos-trocar-tiros-com-caseiro-e-ficar-ferido.html |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Brasil |language=pt-br}}</ref> === 15 ga Yuni === Masu sintiri na karkara ne suka sami Barbosa wadanda ke shiga cikin kewaye da shi bayan ya kai hari kan wani iyali, ya musayar wuta tare da 'yan sanda kuma ya buge wani jami'in' yan sanda, jami'in ya gudu zuwa asibiti kuma ya warke da sauri. Barbosa a bayyane yake ba ta da rauni, don haka ya lalata labarin da mai kula ya fada. Sakatariyar Tsaro ta Jama'a ba za ta iya sanar da ko Barbosa ya ji rauni a lokacin harbi ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Diogo' |first='Darcianne |date=15 June 2021 |title=Policial é atingido durante troca de tiros com Lázaro Barbosa |url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/cidades-df/2021/06/4931394-policial-atingido-com-um-tiro-no-joelho-durante-cacada-a-lazaro-barbosa.html |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Cidades DF |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=Policial militar é atingido por tiro de raspão durante confronto com criminoso Lázaro Barbosa na área rural de Goiás |url=https://extra.globo.com/casos-de-policia/policial-militar-atingido-por-tiro-de-raspao-durante-confronto-com-criminoso-lazaro-barbosa-na-area-rural-de-goias-25062790.html |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Extra Online |language=pt-BR}}</ref> === 16 ga Yuni === Mazaunan Cocalzinho na Goiás ne suka hango Barbosa. Bayan an hango shi, ya [[wiktionary:subjugate|mamayewa]] gidan da ke da mutane uku, ya mamayar biyu daga cikin wadanda aka kashe uku. Ɗaya daga cikin masu garkuwa, wani matashi, ya tuntubi 'yan sanda yayin da yake ɓoye a cikin ɗaki. Gidan yana karkashin kulawar 'yan sanda kuma Barbosa ya shiga cikin gidan bayan tashiwar jami'an.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=Lázaro Barbosa é visto por morador próximo a chácara de Cocalzinho de Goiás, diz secretário |url=https://g1.globo.com/go/goias/noticia/2021/06/16/lazaro-barbosa-e-visto-por-morador-proximo-a-chacara-de-cocalzinho-de-goias-diz-secretario.ghtml |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=Adolescente mantida refém em Cocalzinho de Goiás enviou mensagem à polícia escondida no quarto: 'Socorro, Lázaro está aqui' |url=https://g1.globo.com/go/goias/noticia/2021/06/16/adolescente-mantida-refem-em-cocalzinho-de-goias-enviou-mensagem-a-policia-escondida-no-quarto-socorro-lazaro-esta-aqui.ghtml |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref> Barbosa ya sami matashi kuma ya yi garkuwa da mutane uku zuwa cikin dazuzzuka, inda ya lalata wayoyinsu. Lokacin da ya lura da jirage masu saukar ungulu na 'yan sanda da ke kewaye da shi, sai ya saki masu garkuwa kuma ya gudu. Hukumomi suna zargin cewa Barbosa ya kwashe dare a cikin wani karamin gida da aka watsar, bayan ya sami alamun mamaye gidaje na baya-bayan nan da kuma rigar jini, wanda ke nufin cewa Barbosa na iya samun rauni ko kuma ya farautar dabba kwanan nan.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=POPULAR |first=Redação O. |date=16 June 2021 |title=Lázaro passa a noite em chácara abandonada e camisa suja de sangue é encontrada pela polícia |url=https://www.opopular.com.br/noticias/cidades/l%C3%A1zaro-passa-a-noite-em-ch%C3%A1cara-abandonada-e-camisa-suja-de-sangue-%C3%A9-encontrada-pela-pol%C3%ADcia-1.2269077 |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=O Popular |language=pt-br}}</ref> === 17 ga Yuni === Barbosa da 'yan sanda sun musanya wuta yayin da aka kewaye yankin karkara na Cocalzinho na Goiás. Harin ya bar wasu maza da suka ji rauni, amma ba a buga ƙarin bayani ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2021 |title=Serial killer do DF troca tiros com policiais durante cerco em Goiás |url=https://www.band.uol.com.br/noticias/brasil-urgente/ultimas/seria-killer-do-df-troca-tiros-com-policiais-durante-cerco-em-goias-16354942 |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=www.band.uol.com.br |language=pt-BR}}</ref> === 18 ga Yuni === An hango Barbosa a cikin wani sty a lokacin da aka kewaye shi a gundumar Girassóis, amma ya sami nasarar guje wa 'yan sanda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veja cronologia da fuga do serial Killer Lázaro Barbosa |url=https://www.portaldoholanda.com.br/brasil/veja-cronologia-da-fuga-do-serial-killer-lazaro-barbosa |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=www.portaldoholanda.com.br |language=pt-br}}</ref> Sakataren Tsaro na Jama'a, Rodney Miranda, an yi zargin ya ga Barbosa a cikin kwari kilomita daya daga gare shi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2021 |title=Secretário de segurança acredita ter visto Lázaro Barbosa: 'Estava em um vale a 1 km' |url=https://g1.globo.com/go/goias/noticia/2021/06/18/secretario-de-seguranca-diz-que-acredita-ter-visto-lazaro-barbosa.ghtml |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref> === 19 Yuni === An ga Barbosa yana ɓoye a cikin kogo a kusa da Águas Lindas de Goiás, wani birni kusa da Gundumar Tarayya, wanda ya sa 'yan sanda su nemi shi a kusa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2021 |title=Lázaro é visto por morador se escondendo em gruta, e polícia faz cerco próximo a Águas Lindas de Goiás |url=https://g1.globo.com/go/goias/noticia/2021/06/19/lazaro-e-visto-por-morador-se-escondendo-em-gruta-e-policia-faz-cerco-na-regiao-de-aguas-lindas-de-goias.ghtml |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref> Bincike daga baya ya kammala cewa wannan bayanin karya ne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2021 |title=Informação de que Lázaro está em Águas Lindas é falsa, diz polícia – Mais Goiás |url=https://www.emaisgoias.com.br/informacao-de-que-lazaro-esta-em-aguas-lindas-e-falsa-diz-policia/ |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=www.emaisgoias.com.br |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628071705/https://www.emaisgoias.com.br/informacao-de-que-lazaro-esta-em-aguas-lindas-e-falsa-diz-policia/ |archive-date=28 June 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === 24 ga Yuni === Bayan bincike, sakataren tsaron jama'a ya ce a wani taron manema labarai cewa 'yan sanda sun kama maza biyu da ake zaton suna taimakawa Barbosa tserewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=Força-tarefa que procura Lázaro Barbosa tem dois presos por facilitar fuga e encontra esconderijo, diz secretário |url=https://g1.globo.com/go/goias/noticia/2021/06/24/buscas-por-lazaro-barbosa-tem-duas-pessoas-presas-diz-secretario.ghtml |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref> Su ne manomi Elmir Caetano Evangelista da mai kula Alain Reis dos Santos.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polícia diz que fazendeiro e caseiro ajudavam Lázaro Barbosa |url=https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/policia-diz-que-fazendeiro-e-caseiro-ajudavam-lazaro-barbosa,4d6b9c71841b2094579e8300c5d042earb7604qk.html |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Terra |language=pt-BR}}</ref> A cewar shaidar Alain ga 'yan sanda, Barbosa ta kwanta kwana biyar a gidan Elmir, kuma ta ci abincin rana da abincin dare a can. Alain ya kuma ce Elmir zai kira Barbosa ta hanyar ihu ga dazuzzuka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=Lázaro Barbosa dormia há cinco dias em propriedade de fazendeiro preso, diz caseiro à polícia |url=https://g1.globo.com/go/goias/noticia/2021/06/25/lazaro-barbosa-dormia-ha-cinco-dias-em-propriedade-de-fazendeiro-preso-diz-caseiro-a-policia.ghtml |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2021 |title=Veja como fazendeiro teria ajudado a esconder Lázaro Barbosa, segundo caseiro |url=https://g1.globo.com/go/goias/noticia/2021/06/26/veja-como-fazendeiro-teria-ajudado-a-esconder-lazaro-barbosa-segundo-caseiro.ghtml |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref> Elmir, duk da haka, bisa ga karewarsa, ya musanta komai, kuma ya ce kawai yana yin dariya lokacin da ya yi ihu ga Barbosa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2021 |title=Fazendeiro 'brincava' que chamava Lázaro Barbosa para almoçar, diz defesa |url=https://g1.globo.com/go/goias/noticia/2021/06/26/fazendeiro-brincava-que-chamava-lazaro-barbosa-para-almocar-diz-defesa.ghtml |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref> === 26 ga Yuni === A wannan rana, 'yan sanda sun bayyana cewa Barbosa ya kirkiro wani bayanan [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] na karya wanda ya kasance da sunan "Patrik Sousa", mai yiwuwa don bin labarai da ke kewaye da shi. An kirkiro asusun ne daga wayar da aka sace wanda mai laifin ya ajiye tare da shi tsakanin 15 da 18 Yuni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Segundo |first=IG-Último |date=26 June 2021 |title=Lázaro Barbosa criou perfil falso para acompanhar notícias, afirma a polícia {{!}} Brasil |url=https://odia.ig.com.br/brasil/2021/06/6176466-lazaro-barbosa-criou-perfil-falso-para-acompanhar-noticias-afirma-a-policia.html |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=O Dia |language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Mutuwa == A ranar 28 ga Yuni, gwamnan Goiás, Ronaldo Caiado, ya sanar da cewa an kama Barbosa.<ref name="governador">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2021 |title=Lázaro é baleado e morto em Goiás no 20º dia de buscas |url=https://g1.globo.com/go/goias/noticia/2021/06/28/lazaro-e-preso-em-goias-diz-governador.ghtml |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref> An same shi a gidan tsohuwar surukinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2021 |title=Lázaro Barbosa morre após ser capturado por policiais em Goiás |url=https://www.tupi.fm/brasil/lazaro-barbosa-morre-apos-ser-capturado-por-policiais-em-goias/ |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Super Rádio Tupi |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya mutu a lokacin harbi tare da 'yan sanda bayan an kewaye shi kuma ya harbe shi.<ref name="correiobraziliense">{{Cite web |last=Silva' |first='Darcianne Diogo, Samara Schwingel, Victória Olímpio, Ana Maria da |date=28 June 2021 |title=Lázaro Barbosa morre em troca de tiros com a polícia em Goiás |url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/cidades-df/2021/06/4934087-lazaro-barbosa-e-preso-em-goias-anuncia-caiado.html |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Cidades DF |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Shugaban Brazil [[Jair Bolsonaro]] ya yi bikin mutuwar Barbosa a kafofin sada zumunta. "Godiya ga jaruman PM-GO don kawo karshen ta'addanci da mai laifi Lazaro ya yi, wanda ya kunyata kuma ya kashe maza da mata cikin jini mai sanyi. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2021 |title=Bolsonaro parabeniza PM-GO e comemora morte de Lázaro Barbosa: "menos um para amedrontar as famílias de bem" |url=https://offnews.com.br/2021/06/28/bolsonaro-parabeniza-pm-go-e-comemora-morte-de-lazaro-barbosa-menos-um-para-amedrontar-as-familias-de-bem/amp/ |access-date=15 March 2024 |website=Offnews |language=pt-br}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7yg4sgcuqlyx5e7165fylj60y94crhv Lynne Ramsay 0 173853 967734 956443 2026-10-15T00:21:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lynne Ramsay''' (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1969) 'yar fim ce ta Scotland da aka sani da fina-finai irin su Ratcatcher (1999), ''Morvern Callar'' (2002), Muna buƙatar Magana Game da Kevin (2011), ''Ba ku taɓa kasancewa a nan ba''(2017), da ''Ka Mutu Ƙaunar Ni'' (2025). Ta sami yabo da yawa. Ayyukanta suna da sha'awar yara, matasa, da uwaye, da kuma jigogi masu maimaitawa na baƙin ciki, laifi, mutuwa, da kuma sakamakon kowannensu. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ramsay ne a cikin iyalin ma'aikata a [[Glasgow]] <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Sawyer |first=Miranda |date=25 February 2018 |title=Director Lynne Ramsay: 'I've got a reputation for being difficult – it's bullshit' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/feb/25/lynne-ramsay-director-you-were-never-really-here-observer-interview}}</ref> a ranar 5 ga Disamba 1969. <ref name="LAT">{{Cite web |last=Rothkopf, Joshua |date=20 May 2025 |title=Lynne Ramsay makes movies like no one else. She promises it won't be 8 years before the next one |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2025-05-20/lynne-ramsay-die-my-love-cannes-2025 |access-date=28 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="munz">{{Cite journal |date=5 February 2013 |title=Lynne Ramsay |url=https://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/Lynne+Ramsay/0/29361.html |journal=[[Munzinger-Archiv]] |access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta, Eleanor, ta gabatar da ita ga fina-finai tun tana ƙarama ta hanyar ayyukan Bette Davis, [[Nicolas jack Roeg|Nicolas Roeg]], Alfred Hitchcock, da Michael Curtiz . Ta kuma yaba da The Wizard of Oz (1939) a matsayin wahayi.<ref name="TJ" /> Tana da sha'awar zane na farko wanda ya ba da damar daukar hoto, kuma ta yi karatun fasaha da daukar hoto a Jami'ar Edinburgh Napier .<ref name="Smith2026" /> Yayinda take can, ta kalli Meshes of the Afternoon (1943), wanda daga baya ta ambata a matsayin canji yayin da ya yi mata wahayi zuwa makarantar fim da gangan kuma ta fara neman fim.<ref name="TJ">{{Cite web |last=Weidmann, Toby |date=12 February 2020 |title=The Journey – Lynne Ramsay interview |url=https://www.bafta.org/film/features/the-journey-lynne-ramsay-interview |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]]}}</ref> Ta koma Ingila don halartar Makarantar Fim da Talabijin ta Kasa a Beaconsfield, ta kammala karatu a 1995 tare da mai da hankali kan fim da shugabanci. <ref name="auto" /> == Ayyuka == === 1996-1998: Gajeren fina-finai === A shekara ta 1996, Ramsay ta kammala gajeren fim dinta na farko Small Deaths a matsayin fim dinta da ta kammala karatu a Makarantar Fim da Talabijin ta Kasa. Jerin zane-zane ne guda uku na yara da ke fama da gaskiyar iyali da tasirin ayyukansu. Ramsay shine marubuci, darektan kuma mai daukar hoto a kan fim din, <ref name="double">{{Cite web |date= |title=Double Feature: Lynne Ramsay Early Shorts and Ratcatcher |url=https://walkerart.org/calendar/2012/double-feature-lynne-ramsay-early-shorts-and |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=Walkerart.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260210193422/https://walkerart.org/calendar/2012/double-feature-lynne-ramsay-early-shorts-and |archive-date=10 February 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayan da mai gabatarwa Gavin Emerson ya sayi shi ya gabatar da shi don bikin fina-finai na Cannes na 1996 inda ya lashe Kyautar gajeren fim na juri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Selection 1996: All the Selection |url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/archives/1996/allSelections.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214194206/http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/archives/1996/allSelections.html |archive-date=2013-12-14 |access-date=14 December 2013 |website=[[Cannes Film Festival]]}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar Ramsay ta gama Kill the Day, gajeren fim dinta na biyu. Yana kama rana a rayuwar mai shan heroin da aka saki kwanan nan daga kurkuku, kuma yana magance taken ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.<ref name="double" /> ''Gasman'' (1998), wanda Ramsay ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, game da ɗan'uwa da 'yar'uwa waɗanda suka halarci bikin Kirsimeti tare da mahaifinsu, kuma suka haɗu da wasu yara biyu waɗanda suka saba da shi. Wannan ya lashe ta wani Prix du Jury a wannan shekarar <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Selection 1998: All the Selection |url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/archives/1998/allSelections.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214203657/http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/archives/1998/allSelections.html |archive-date=2013-12-14 |access-date=14 December 2013 |website=[[Cannes Film Festival]]}}</ref> da kuma gabatarwa don kyautar BAFTA don Mafi kyawun gajeren fim. <ref name="TJ" /> === 1999-2002: Ratcatcher da ''Morvern Callar'' === '''Gajeren fim''' ''Morvern Callar'' (2002) ya dogara ne akan littafin Alan Warner na 1995 mai suna. Fim din ya biyo bayan wata budurwa ([[Samantha Morton]]) da ke yawo a Turai bayan kashe kansa na saurayinta, wanda ba ta kai rahoto ga 'yan sanda ba. An bayyana fim din a matsayin hoto na baƙin ciki da rarrabuwa.<ref name="MorCal">{{Cite web |last=Steen, Josef |date=1 November 2022 |title=Some Velvet Mourning: Lynne Ramsay's Morvern Callar At 20 |url=https://thequietus.com/culture/film/film-morvern-callar-20-anniversary |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Fim din ya hada da ayyukan kamar Can, Aphex Twin, Boards of Canada, Broadcast da The Mamas & the Papas . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Perpetua, Matthew |date=17 April 2019 |title='Morvern Callar' Paints A Devastating Portrait Of Grief Through Its Artfully Crafted Soundtrack |url=https://decider.com/2019/04/17/morvern-callar-soundtrack/ |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=[[New York Post|Decider]]}}</ref> Fim din ya sake fitowa a wasan kwaikwayo don cika shekaru 20 a shekarar 2022, tare da Ramsay a halartar nunawa daya, daga inda ta lura da kyakkyawar alaƙar matasa masu sauraro da fasalin ta na biyu.<ref name="LAT" /> === 2010-2019: An kafa aikin === Bayan doguwar hutu Ramsay ya dawo a 2011 tare da Muna Bukatar Magana Game da Kevin . Fim din, wanda ya samo asali ne daga littafin Lionel Shriver mai suna iri ɗaya, game da wata uwa (Tilda Swinton) da ke magance sakamakon kisan kiyashi na makaranta da ɗanta (Ezra Miller) ya aikata. Ramsay ce ta sake ba da umarni kuma a wannan lokacin an rubuta shi tare da mijinta na lokacin Rory Kinnear . Ramsay ya tuna yin aiki tare da Jonny Greenwood don sauti na fim din a matsayin wani bangare mai ban sha'awa na tsari. ''Kevin'' ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na 2011 a gasar don Palme d'Or zuwa bita mai kyau, tare da takamaiman yabo ga aikin Swinton, da kuma jagorancin Ramsay da rubutun. Mai sukar ''Chicago Sun-Times'' [[Roger Ebert]] ya fassara shi a matsayin "fim mai kyau," kuma Kenneth Turan na ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' ya yi magana game da shi a matsayin ""labari mai ban tsoro da aka fada tare da motsin rai mara kyau da kuma babban ƙwarewa ta mai shirya fim din Lynne Ramsay".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=25 January 2012 |title=So overcome by despair her problems exist all at the same time |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/we-need-to-talk-about-kevin-2012 |access-date=16 March 2025 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |date=9 December 2011 |title=Movie review: 'We Need to Talk About Kevin' |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-xpm-2011-dec-09-la-et-we-need-to-talk-about-kevin-20111209-story.html |access-date=16 March 2025 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref>Ramsay ya sami gabatarwa don Kyautar BAFTA don Kyautattun Jagora da Kyakkyawan Fim na Burtaniya, Kyautar AACTA don Kyaututtuka Mafi Kyawu, da Kyautar BIFA don Darakta Mafi Kyawu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film in 2011 |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2011/film |access-date=16 March 2025 |website=[[BAFTA Awards|awards.bafta.org]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AACTA International Awards |url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/aacta-international-awards/inaugural-aacta-international-awards/ |access-date=16 March 2025 |website=[[Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts|AACTA.org]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2011 |title=Winners & Nominations The Awards 2011 |url=https://www.bifa.film/awards/2011/winners-nominations/ |access-date=16 March 2025 |website=[[British Independent Film Awards|BIFA.org]]}}</ref> Farawa a cikin 2011, Ramsay yana raba shirye-shirye don jagorantar sauyawar kimiyya-fiction na zamani na Herman Melville's ''Moby Dick'' da ake kira ''Mobius'' . Fim din za a saita shi a sararin samaniya, kuma ya magance jigogi na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar dan adam]] da Clawtrophobia. Ramsay ya bayyana cewa: "Don haka muna kirkirar sabuwar duniya, da kuma sabon baƙo. [Yana da] wani yanki ne na tunanin mutum, galibi yana faruwa a cikin jirgin, kamar ''Das Boot'', don haka yana da matukar damuwa. Wani fim ne mai ban mamaki, tare da Ahab na dodon. "Ta sami kudade don aikin a cikin 2012, amma tun daga 2023 fim din ya kasance a ci gaba. <ref name="Vupdate">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=19 August 2023 |title='You Were Never Really Here' Director Lynne Ramsay Dishes on Upcoming Collabs with Jennifer Lawrence, Joaquin Phoenix, Sandra Oh, Julianne Moore |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/lynne-ramsay-jennifer-lawrence-joaquin-phoenix-sandra-oh-julianne-moore-1235700347/ |access-date=19 August 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Fim din Swimmer (2012), BBC Fim4, Film4 da kwamitin shirya wasannin Olympics da Paralympic ne suka ba da umarnin gajeren fim din Swimmer. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta BAFTA don Mafi kyawun gajeren fim a 66th British Academy Film Awards a shekarar 2013. <ref name="bafta-2013">{{Cite web |date=10 February 2013 |title=BAFTAs 2013: Complete List Of Winners From This Year's BAFTA Awards |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/02/10/baftas-awards-2013-winners_n_2658184.html |website=Huffingtonpost.co.uk}}</ref> [[File:Jury_Cannes_2013_2.jpg|thumb|Juri na Cannes ciki har da Ramsay (2013) ]] A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, an zaba ta a matsayin memba na babban juri na gasar a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na shekara ta 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Saperstein |first=Pat |date=23 April 2013 |title=Nicole Kidman, Christopher Waltz, Ang Lee Among Cannes Jury Members |url=https://variety.com/2013/film/news/nicole-kidman-christopher-waltz-ang-lee-among-cannes-jury-members-1200410650/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426000925/http://variety.com/2013/film/news/nicole-kidman-christopher-waltz-ang-lee-among-cannes-jury-members-1200410650/ |archive-date=26 April 2013 |access-date=23 April 2013 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |publisher=[[Reed Business Information]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2015, an ambaci sunanta a matsayin memba na juri don babban gasa a bikin fina-finai na Venice na 2015. ''Ba ku taɓa kasancewa a nan ba'', wani karbuwa na littafin Jonathan Ames na wannan sunan, ya fara samun yabo mai yawa a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na 70 a cikin 2017, inda ya sami yabo mai kyau, kuma Ramsay ya lashe kyautar Best Screenplay. Fim din, wanda Joaquin Phoenix ya fito a matsayin Joe, tsohon soja kuma mai kisan kai wanda ke ceton 'yan mata daga fataucin jima'i, Amazon Studios ne suka karbe shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Setoodeh |first=Elsa Keslassy, Ramin |date=2016-05-13 |title=Cannes: Amazon Sweeps in To Buy Joaquin Phoenix's 'You Were Never Really Here' |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/cannes-a24-buys-joaquin-phoenixs-you-were-never-really-here-exclusive-1201773661/ |access-date=2016-07-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> Yana biye da "tsarin [...] na labari" a ƙoƙarin kama tasirin PTSD a hankali. Fim din kuma ya nuna haɗin gwiwa na biyu tare da Jonny Greenwood . <ref name="YWNRH">{{Cite web |last=O'Falt, Chris |date=6 April 2018 |title='You Were Never Really Here': How Lynne Ramsay Captured the Explosions Inside Joaquin Phoenix's Head |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/craft/you-were-never-really-here-how-lynne-ramsay-joaquin-phoenix-jonny-greenwood-interview-1201949627/ |access-date=6 May 2024 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> Daga baya ta ce ta "ta sami abokiyar rayuwarta wajen yin fina-finai" a Phoenix.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharya, Sanjiv |date=12 February 2018 |title=Joaquin Phoenix: A Man Apart |url=https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/film/a16799753/joaquin-phoenix-interview/ |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]}}</ref> ''Brigitte'', wani ɗan gajeren shirin kan Brigitte Lacombe, an sake shi a cikin 2019 bayan an ba shi izini a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin Tales na Mata na Miu Miu. Fim din yana ganin mata biyu, wadanda yawanci suka fi son kasancewa a bayan kyamara, suna harbi juna.<ref name="brigitte">{{Cite web |last=Brooks, Xan |date=6 September 2019 |title='I'm a perfectionist' – director Lynne Ramsay on delays, self-image and dancing with Joaquin Phoenix |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/sep/06/im-a-perfectionist-director-lynne-ramsay-on-delays-self-image-and-dancing-with-joaquin-phoenix |access-date=6 May 2024 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Bayan You Were Never Really Here, Ramsay ya yi fatan yin fim din Yaƙin basasa mai suna Call Black Horse tare da Casey Affleck, wanda ya shiga farkon matakan ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=28 May 2017 |title=How Lynne Ramsay Got Over 'Jane Got A Gun' & Embraced Joaquin Phoenix Noir 'You Were Never Really Here' – Cannes |url=https://deadline.com/2017/05/joaquin-phoenix-lynne-ramsay-you-were-never-really-here-cannes-film-festival-1202103590/ |access-date=13 November 2024 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> A cikin 2018, ta bayyana cewa ta fara rubuta rubutun da ta bayyana a matsayin "tsoro mai ban tsoro na muhalli".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wise |first=Damon |date=2018-11-30 |title=Lynne Ramsay Writing an 'Epic Environmental Horror' |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/global/lynne-ramsay-environmental-horror-1203061664/ |access-date=2020-12-01}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 2020, an sanar da cewa Ramsay zai yi fim din [[Stephen King]] na 1999 The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon . Christy Hall ne ya rubuta fim din, wanda ya kirkiro jerin shirye-shiryen Netflix I Am Not Okay With This, kuma Christine Romero da Roy Lee na Vertigo Entertainment da sauransu ne suka samar da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lattanzio |first=Ryan |date=16 November 2020 |title=Lynne Ramsay to Direct Adaptation of Stephen King's 'The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/11/lynne-ramsay-stephen-king-the-girl-who-loved-tom-gordon-1234599071/ |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref> A cikin 2019 an ba Ramsay umurni don wani ɗan gajeren shirin kan Brigitte Lacombe da 'yar'uwarta Marian ta hanyar salon Miu Miu a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin Tales na Mata. Ramsay ta ce game da fim din cewa ya nuna dangantakarta mai rikitarwa da 'yar'uwarta. === 2020-yanzu: Mutuwa Ƙaunar Ni da aikin da ke zuwa === A bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Valencia a 2021, Ramsay ta bayyana cewa tana aiki a wani fim tare da Joaquin Phoenix da ake kira Polaris, tare da [[Rooney Mara]]. <ref name="Polaris">{{Cite web |last=Sharf, Zack |date=21 June 2021 |title=Lynne Ramsay Sets Joaquin Phoenix Reunion with 'Polaris,' Also Starring Rooney Mara |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/lynne-ramsay-joaquin-phoenix-rooney-mara-polaris-1234645733/ |access-date=6 May 2024 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A cikin wata hira ta 2024, Ramsay ya bayyana fim din a matsayin "Rosemary's Baby in the Arctic".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Denney, Alex |date=31 October 2024 |title=Director Lynne Ramsay Reveals the Inspiration Behind Her Next Film |url=https://www.anothermag.com/design-living/15986/lynne-ramsay-interview-joaquin-phoenix-polaris-dark-slides |access-date=1 November 2024}}</ref> A cikin wata hira ta 2025, Ramsay ta ba da ƙarin bayani game da "aikin sha'awa" ta: Za a saita shi a Alaska a cikin 1910 kuma ya ƙunshi kiɗa ta hanyar abokin aiki na dogon lokaci Johnny Greenwood . Ƙarin bayani ya biyo baya a cikin wata hira ta 2026: Fim din game da mai daukar hoto ne wanda ya sadu da shaidan a cikin arctic. Ta ci gaba da kiranta "na ''2001''." A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, Ramsay ta ba da sanarwar cewa tana aiki a kan fim din "Stone Mattress" na Margaret Atwood. Fim din, wanda aka saita don tauraron [[Julianne Moore]], Sandra Oh da Kyle Chandler, <ref name="Stockfish">{{Cite web |last=Simon, Alissa |date=12 April 2024 |title=Scottish Filmmaker Lynne Ramsay Honored by Reykjavik's Stockfish Fest |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/scottish-filmmaker-lynne-ramsay-reykjaviks-stockfish-fest-1235968912/ |access-date=19 June 2024}}</ref> Amazon Studios ne suka karbe shi. Ramsay ya ce game da fim din "game da juyin juya halin Roe v Wade a Amurka wannan labarin [...] yana da mahimmanci fiye da kowane lokaci".Za a shirya fim din a Greenland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2022 |title=Julianne Moore & Sandra Oh Set For Lynne Ramsay's 'Stone Mattress'; Margaret Atwood Thriller Adaptation From Amazon, John Lesher, JoAnne Sellar, Studiocanal & Film4 |url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/julianne-moore-sandra-oh-lynne-ramsay-stone-mattress-margaret-atwood-amazon-canne-1235026840/ |access-date=6 May 2024 |publisher=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name="LAT" /> A cikin wata hira ta 2025 tare da ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' Ramsay ta ba da labarin makomar karshe na aikin: Bayan ta tura baya kan masu samar da fina-finai da ke buƙatar [[Ayislan|Iceland]] a matsayin wurin yin fim, an dakatar da aikin har abada.<ref name="LAT" /> Bayan nasarar Die My Love a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na 2025, Ramsay ta sake nuna yiwuwar kammala Stone Mattress a cikin wata hira ta 2026, ta bayyana shi a matsayin "fim din fansa na muhalli" kuma ta raba cewa ta samar da cikakken bayani game da aikin. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2022, an ba da sanarwar cewa Ramsay zai ba da umarnin daidaita littafin Ariana Harwicz mai suna Die, My Love, wanda [[Martin Scorsese]] da [[Jennifer Lawrence]] za su samar ta hanyar Excellent Cadaver . Lawrence za ta kuma fito a matsayin mace wacce aurenta da haihuwa suka sa ta zama mahaukaci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheth |first=Aarohi |date=2 November 2022 |title=Jennifer Lawrence Reveals Lynne Ramsay Will Direct Her in 'Die, My Love' |url=https://www.thewrap.com/jennifer-lawrence-lynne-ramsay-die-my-love/ |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Morfoot |first=Addie |date=5 November 2022 |title='Causeway' Producer Justine Ciarrocchi On Why Jennifer Lawrence Sparked To Film's War Veteran Lead – Contenders New York |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/causeway-producer-justine-ciarrocchi-interview-contenders-new-york-1235164462/ |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Ramsay ta ce Lawrence ya aiko mata da kwafin littafin, wanda ke game da baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa da rikicewar bipolar, yana mai lura da cewa fim din da kansa zai zama mai ban dariya, kuma fim din zai zama "watakila" fim dinta na gaba bayan yajin aikin Hollywood na 2023.<ref name="Vupdate" /> Rubutun farko na rubutun ne marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na Irish Enda Walsh ya rubuta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiely, Emma |date=9 November 2024 |title='Small Things Like These' Screenwriter Reveals Why He and Cillian Murphy Are the Perfect Pair |url=https://collider.com/small-things-like-these-screenwriter-enda-walsh/ |access-date=9 November 2024 |website=[[Valnet|Collider]]}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2024, Robert Pattinson ya shiga tattaunawa don shiga fim din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=22 July 2024 |title=Robert Pattinson In Talks To Star Opposite Jennifer Lawrence In Lynne Ramsay's Thriller 'Die, My Love'; Excellent Cadaver And Martin Scorsese Producing |url=https://deadline.com/2024/07/robert-pattinson-jennifer-lawrence-lynne-ramsay-die-my-love-martin-scorsese-1236017951/ |access-date=9 August 2024 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2024, mai daukar hoto Seamus McGarvey ya yi magana game da sake haduwa da Ramsay a fim din, gami da ambaton Repulsion (1965) da Rosemary's Baby (1968) a matsayin tasiri ga fim din. Daga baya a wannan watan, LaKeith Stanfield, Sissy Spacek, da Nick Nolte sun shiga aikin, a lokacin da aikin ya fara yin fim a [[Calgary]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=13 August 2024 |title=LaKeith Stanfield Joins Jennifer Lawrence In Lynne Ramsay's ''Die, My Love'' For Black Label Media And Excellent Cadaver |url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/lakeith-stanfield-jennifer-lawrence-die-my-love-1236037280/ |access-date=19 August 2024 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Geisinger |first=Gabriella |date=19 August 2024 |title=Lynne Ramsay's 'Die, My Love' starring Jennifer Lawrence filming in Calgary |url=https://www.kftv.com/news/2024/08/19/die-my-love-filming-calgary-jennifer-lawrence |access-date=19 August 2024 |website=[[Kemps Film and TV Production Services Handbook]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=29 August 2024 |title=Sissy Spacek & Nick Nolte Latest To Join Lynne Ramsay's 'Die, My Love' |url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/die-my-love-sissy-spacek-nick-nolte-join-lynne-ramsay-movie-1236072874/ |access-date=29 August 2024 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Fim din ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na 2025 a gasar Golden Palm, babban kyautar bikin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2025 |title=Additions to the selection of the 78th Festival de Cannes |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/press/press-releases/additions-to-the-selection-of-the-78th-festival-de-cannes/}}</ref> Duk da yake bai ci nasara ba, ya sami yabo na minti shida kuma Mubi ya sayi shi da dala miliyan 24, a ƙarshe ya haifar da sanya hannu tare da Creative Artists Agency.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiseman, Andreas |last2=Fleming Jr, Mike |date=18 May 2025 |title=Mubi Pays $24M For Jennifer Lawrence-Robert Pattinson Drama 'Die My Love' In First Big Sale At Cannes |url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/jennifer-lawrence-robert-pattinson-die-my-love-cannes-mubi-1236403025/ |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan gabatarwa Ramsay ya yi magana game da masu sukar da ke rage rikicin fim din a karkashin ganewar asali na baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ntim, Zac |date=20 May 2025 |title=Lynne Ramsay Says Some Critics Are Misreading Buzzy Cannes Title 'Die My Love' & All The Focus On Post-Partum Storyline Is "Bullshit" |url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/lynne-ramsay-cannes-die-my-love-postpartum-1236405403/ |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi da ita a shekara ta 2026 tare da The Gentlewoman, Ramsay ta bayyana sha'awarta ta yin sabon yanke na Die My Love bayan wani tsari na gyare-gyare saboda wajibai na cikin gida, ƙuntataccen lokacin kasafin kuɗi, da kuma mutuwar mahaifiyar Ramsay jim kadan kafin fara fim din. A cikin 2024, Variety ya ba da rahoton cewa Ramsay yana rubuta wani rubutun tare da Townend, mai taken Hierarchies . Ba a saki ƙarin bayani game da girman aikin ba.<ref name="Stockfish" /> A cikin wata hira da aka yi da ita a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2025 a Cannes, Ramsay ya sanar da aiki a Fim din vampire wanda Ezra Miller ya fito.<ref name="LAT" /> Miller daga baya ya ba da labarin cewa suna rubuce-rubuce na rubutun fim din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shafer, Ellise |date=23 June 2025 |title=Ezra Miller Eyes 'Tentative' Hollywood Return, Writing New Film With Lynne Ramsay After Attending Her Cannes Premiere: 'That Will Likely Be the First Thing I Do' |url=https://variety.com/2025/film/global/ezra-miller-tentative-hollywood-return-new-lynne-ramsay-film-1236437892/ |access-date=24 June 2025 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> == Rikici na aikin == A shekara ta 2001, an sanar da cewa an shirya Ramsay don jagorantar daidaitawa da Alice Sebold's The Lovely Bones, wanda ta karanta a cikin rubutun hannu kafin a buga littafin. Rubutun Ramsay ya ba da labarin kisan yarinya daga hangen nesa na mahaifinta. Ba da daɗewa ba, littafin ya zama mafi kyawun duniya wanda ya haifar da ƙarin matsin lamba. Ramsay ya ce a cikin tambayoyin: "Mutane sun fara kiran shi The Lovely Money, suna samun haɗama a kusa da shi. Kuma na iya jin vibes. Ya zama kamar Littafi Mai Tsarki, na ci gaba da ba da rubuce-rubuce kuma na yi tunanin suna da kyau, amma kamar 'Amma wannan ba daidai ba ne kamar littafin, littafin zai zama nasara" Wannan shine kuskuren da suka yi da aikin.Sa'an nan Fim4, wanda ya sanya hannu a kan aikin, an rage shi sosai kuma shugaban kamfanin ya maye gurbin Ramsay da Peter Jackson a shekara ta 2004, lokacin da Jackson ya kasance sabo daga The Lord of The Rings saga. Ramsay daga baya ya bayyana wannan gwagwarmaya tare da masana'antar fina-finai a matsayin "yanayin Dauda da Goliath".<ref name="O'Hagan" /> Rashin Lovely Bones ya cutar da amincewar Ramsay na ɗan lokaci, kuma shekara mai zuwa ta zama da wahala ga Ramsay, yayin da mahaifinta da abokinta na kusa, Liana Dognini, suka mutu. Dognini ya kasance marubucin Ramsay a kan ''Morvern Callar'' da rubutun The Lovely Bones wanda ba a cika ba. === ''Jane ta sami bindiga'' === A cikin 1999, kafin a saki Ratcatcher, ta ambaci Nan Goldin, Richard Billingham, Terrence Malick, Andrei Tarkovsky da John Cassavetes a matsayin masu ba da shawara. A cikin wannan hira, ta yi magana game da littafin Robert Bresson Notes on the Cinematographer a matsayin "ɗan Littafi Mai-Tsarki [...] a makarantar fim".<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hagan, Sean |date=31 October 1999 |title=Running into a bright new future |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/1999/oct/31/1 |access-date=5 May 2024}}</ref>Ramsay ya kuma lura da Rainer Werner Fassbinder's Fear Eats the Soul, [[David Lynch]]'s ''Blue Velvet'' da Ingmar Bergman's The Virgin Spring a matsayin abubuwan da ke motsawa sosai.<ref name="criterion">{{Cite web |last=Weston, Hillary |date=16 April 2018 |title=A Life at the Pictures: A Conversation with Lynne Ramsay |url=https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/5551-a-life-at-the-pictures-a-conversation-with-lynne-ramsay |access-date=6 May 2024 |website=[[The Criterion Collection|Criterion]]}}</ref> A cikin 2025 Ramsay ta kira mutanen zamani Jonathan Glazer da Paul Thomas Anderson daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai da ta fi so.<ref name="LAT" /> Fim din Ramsay yana bincika jigogi na mutuwa, sake haihuwa, ƙuruciya, asarar rashin laifi, warewa, laifi da ƙwaƙwalwa.<ref name="bfi">{{Cite web |last=Massa, Will |date=1 March 2018 |title=Into the stunning visual world of Lynne Ramsay |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/lynne-ramsay-you-were-never-really-here |access-date=5 May 2024 |website=[[British Film Institute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lavallée, Eric |date=18 May 2025 |title=2025 Cannes Critics' Panel: Day 5 – Lynne Ramsay's Die My Love |url=https://www.ioncinema.com/news/film-festivals/lynne-ramsay-die-my-love |access-date=18 May 2025 |website=Ioncinema}}</ref> Yawancin fina-finai da ta yi ma'amala da baƙin ciki da sakamakonsa.<ref name="criterion" /> Mawallafin ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' Mark Olsen ya yi la'akari da Ramsay "ɗaya daga cikin manyan fitilu na fina-finai na matasa na Burtaniya", yana kwatanta ta a matsayin "daga cikin shahararrun masu shirya fina-fakka na Burtaniya na ƙarni".Harvard Film Archive ya bayyana Ramsay a matsayin "mai yin fim mara kyau wanda ke sha'awar ikon fim din kai tsaye don yin kira ga ma'ana da kuma farka da sabon zurfi a cikin tunaninmu na sauti da gani. Fim din Ramsay yana cike da hotunan da ba a saba gani ba don amfani da shi na rubutu, abun da ke ciki, launi, kiɗa da sauti. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lynne Ramsay and the Senses of Cinema |url=http://hcl.harvard.edu/hfa/films/2012janmar/ramsay.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621174719/http://www.hcl.harvard.edu/hfa/films/2012janmar/ramsay.html |archive-date=21 June 2013 |access-date=8 June 2012 |publisher=Harvard Film Archive}}</ref>Mai sukar fina-finai na Burtaniya Jonathan Romney, ya rubuta a kan batun We Need to Talk About Kevin, "Ramsay yana tunanin ba a cikin ra'ayoyi ba amma a cikin hotuna. Ba ta yin fina-fukkuna na ilimi, amma waɗanda ke kusa da kiɗa, suna ɗaukar abubuwan gani zuwa ma'anar abstraction. " A shekara ta 2007, an sanya Ramsay a matsayi na 12 a cikin jerin masu gudanarwa 40 mafi kyau a duniya da ke aiki a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Features: The world's 40 best directors |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/features/page/0,11456,1082823,00.html |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ramsay a baya ta auri marubuci kuma mawaƙi Rory Stewart Kinnear (kada a rikita shi da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Rory Kinnear), kodayake ba a san ranar aurensu da saki ba.<ref name="auto" /> Bayan kisan aure, ta yi shekaru hudu a Girka, inda ta zauna a Santorini kuma ta haifi 'yarta a [[Athens]]. <ref name="auto" /> <ref name="brigitte" /> Iyayen 'yarta sune We Need to Talk About Kevin stars Tilda Swinton da John C. Reilly . <ref name="auto" /> Yar uwar Ramsay, Lynne Ramsay Jr, ta fito a cikin matsayi da yawa a cikin fina-finai na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferrier |first=Aimee |date=20 February 2023 |title=Lynne Ramsay's haunting early short films about unhappy families and childhood memory |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/lynne-ramsays-early-shorts/ |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=Far Out}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken ! width="65" |Daraktan ! width="65" |Marubuci ! width="65" |Mai gabatarwa !Bayani ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |1996 |''Ƙananan Mutuwa''|{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}|{{No}} |Har ila yau mai daukar hoto | rowspan="3" |<ref name="double" /> |- |1997 |''Kashe Ranar''|{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}|{{No}} | |- |1998 |''Gasman''|{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}|{{No}} | |- |2012 |''Mai iyo''|{{Yes}}|{{No}}|{{Yes|Executive}} | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2012 |title=Swimmer |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfilm/films/swimmer |access-date=11 June 2024 |website=[[BBC Film]]}}</ref> |- |2019 |''Brigitte''|{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}|{{Yes}} |Hotuna |<ref name="brigitte" /> |} '''Fim mai ban sha'awa''' {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken ! width="65" |Daraktan ! width="65" |Marubuci ! width="65" |Mai gabatarwa ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |1999 |''Mai kamawa''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{No}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Romney |first=Jonathan |date=17 May 1999 |title=Ratcatcher |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/News_Story/Critic_Review/Guardian/0,,50976,00.html |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> |- |2002 |''Morvern Callar''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{No}} |<ref name="MorCal" /> |- |2011 |''Dole ne Muyi Magana game da Kevin''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes|Executive}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scott, A.O. |date=8 December 2011 |title=Suffocated by Motherhood, and a Child Whose Hold Still Lingers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/09/movies/we-need-to-talk-about-kevin-with-tilda-swinton-review.html |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> |- |2017 |''Ba ku taɓa kasancewa a nan ba''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}} |<ref name="YWNRH" /> |- |2025 |''Ka Mutu Ƙaunar Ni''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes|Executive}} | |} '''Bidiyo na kiɗa''' {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Mai zane ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |2005 |"Black da White Town" |Kurciya |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Q&A with Tom Townend, Director of Photography |url=http://www.thecallsheet.co.uk/news/qa-tom-townend-director-photography |access-date=20 May 2026 |website=Thecallsheet.co.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103031512/http://www.thecallsheet.co.uk/news/qa-tom-townend-director-photography |archive-date=3 January 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |} == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == === Amsa mai mahimmanci === {| class="sortable wikitable" !Shekara !Fim din !Tumatir da ya lalace<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lynne Ramsay |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/lynne_ramsay |access-date=28 June 2025 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> !Magana<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lynne Ramsay |url=https://www.metacritic.com/person/lynne-ramsay/ |access-date=28 June 2025 |website=Metacritic}}</ref> |- |1999 |''Mai kamawa'' |85% (bincike 47) |78 (21 sake dubawa) |- |2002 |''Morvern Callar'' |85% (bincike 87) |78 (bincike 24) |- |2011 |''Dole ne Muyi Magana game da Kevin'' |74% (bincike na 208) |68 (bincike 37) |- |2017 |''Ba ku taɓa kasancewa a nan ba'' |89% (bincike 289) |84 (bincike 41) |- |2025 |''Ka Mutu Ƙaunar Ni'' |74% (bincike 219) |72 (bincike 51) |- |} * Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Burtaniya * Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Scotland * Jerin daraktocin fina-finai da talabijin na mata * Fim din mata == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qrdyosxo4rx0txci5ak23qeo2g0wexg Makarantar Harsuna ta NSW 0 173914 967782 963247 2026-10-15T05:44:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Harsuna ta NSW''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Open High School''' ) makarantar sakandare ce ta ilimi ta ƙwararru, wacce ke da ƙwarewa a koyar da harsuna ta hanyar ilimin nesa, wacce ke a West Street, Petersham, wani yanki na cikin gida na [[Sydney]], New South Wales, Ostiraliya. Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta New South Wales ce ke gudanar da makarantar. == Tarihi == A shekarar 1991, Makarantar Wasiku ta New South Wales, wacce ke kula da ɗaliban makarantar renon yara zuwa aji 12, an raba ta zuwa cibiyoyin ilimi na nesa 19 da ke cikin makarantu a faɗin jihar. A wannan lokacin an kafa Cibiyar Samar da Kayan Koyo don samar da kayan koyo ga dukkan waɗannan cibiyoyi kuma an kafa Makarantar Sakandare ta Buɗe don koyar da harsuna ta nesa ga ɗalibai a faɗin jihar. A shekarar 2017, Open High School ta canza sunanta zuwa NSW School of Languages. Makarantar a da tana cikin harabar tsohuwar makarantar sakandare ta Randwick North . A shekarar 2018, Makarantar Harsuna ta NSW ta ƙaura zuwa wurin da take a yanzu kuma na dindindin a Petersham, a harabar tsohuwar Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Petersham . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hiberce |date=21 February 2019 |title=NSW School of Languages Petersham {{!}} Patterson Building Group |url=https://www.pattersonbuild.com.au/nsw-school-of-languages-petersham/ |access-date=2023-09-07}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rijista == Ana samun damar yin rajista ga ɗaliban da ke aji 9-12 waɗanda ke karatun sakandare ko na tsakiya a halin yanzu, na gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu, waɗanda ke New South Wales ko kuma waɗanda Babban Birnin Australiya ya amince da su ko makarantun sakandare ko na tsakiya na Papua New Guinea . [1] Babban manufar makarantar ita ce taimaka wa ɗalibai su faɗaɗa zaɓuɓɓukan manhajar karatunsu da kuma ci gaba da karatu, misali lokacin canja wuri tsakanin makarantu. Domin yin rijista, dole ne ɗalibai su cika sharuɗɗan rajista da aka buga. Ana ƙayyade matsakaicin adadin masu shiga makarantu ta hanyar tsarin rabon kaso; misali makarantar da ke da ɗalibai 600 za a ba ta izinin yin rajista har zuwa sabbin makarantun nesa shida kowace shekara. A halin yanzu ana bayar da darussan a cikin [[Mandarin Chinese|Sinanci]], [[Faransanci]], [[Jamusanci]], Indonesiya, [[Italiyanci]], [[Harshen Japan|Jafananci]], Koriyanci, [[Harshen Latin|Latinanci]], Girkanci na Zamani, [[Harshen Portuguese|Fotigal]], [[Rashanci]], da [[Yaren Sifen|Sifaniyanci]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=NSW School of Languages |url=https://www.schoolinfrastructure.nsw.gov.au/schools/8/8588.html |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=@NSWDepartmentofEducation}}</ref> Makarantar Harsuna ta NSW tana aiki a yanayin ilimi mai nisa. Malamai suna ba wa ɗalibai ƙwarewa mai kyau da jan hankali game da koyo waɗanda aka tsara don biyan buƙatunsu na mutum ɗaya. Wasu daga cikin tsare-tsaren da ake amfani da su sun haɗa da amfani da waɗannan: * LMS na kan layi (Canvas da Moodle) * kayan da aka buga * Kayan CD/DVD * darussa na kan layi * darussa na mutum ɗaya da na rukuni fuska da fuska * sadarwa ta hanyar kwamfuta <ref>{{Cite web |title=Open High School – Researching Virtual Initiatives in Education |url=http://www.virtualeducation.wiki/index.php/Open_High_School |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=virtualeducation.wiki}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nasarorin == Makarantar Harsuna ta NSW tana da tarihin manyan nasarorin da ɗaliban da suka yi jarrabawar HSC suka samu. Ɗaliban Makarantar Harsuna ta NSW galibi suna kan gaba a jihar a darussan harshen HSC ɗinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 HSC First in Course |url=https://educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/about/events/merit-lists/first-in-course/2021 |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=educationstandards.nsw.edu.au}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin makarantun gwamnati a New South Wales: G–P * Ilimi a Ostiraliya == Manazarta == dono09ko7sl9qpf8wv2cbyd28xv9cz5 Mar Lodge Estate 0 174866 967804 963322 2026-10-15T09:48:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mar Lodge Estate''' wani fili ne mai tsaunuka a yammacin Aberdeenshire, [[Scotland]], wanda [[Amincewa ta Kasa ga Scotland|National Trust for Scotland]] (NTS) ke da shi kuma ke kula da shi tun daga shekarar 1995. Babban gininsa, Mar Lodge, yana da nisan {{Convert|4|mi|km}} yamma da ƙauyen Braemar . An amince da kadarar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin muhimman wuraren kiyaye yanayi a Tsibiran Burtaniya kuma tana da kusan kashi 8% na [[Gidan shakatawa na Cairngorms|Cairngorms National Park]], wanda ya mamaye {{Convert|29340|ha|acre}} . <ref name="SNH-NNR">{{Cite web |title=Mar Lodge Estate |url=http://www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/mar-lodge-estate/ |access-date=2018-02-06 |publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131024325/http://www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/mar-lodge-estate/ |archive-date=2018-01-31 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Darajar gadon ƙasa ta bayyana ne ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa an sanya yawancinsa a matsayin Wurin da ke da Sha'awar Kimiyya ta Musamman (SSSI), Yankin Kare Muhalli na Musamman (SAC) da Yankin Kariya na Musamman (SPA). An rarraba dukkan kadarorin a matsayin wurin ajiyar yanayi na ƙasa tun daga watan Mayu na 2017, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-17 |title=Scotland's Newest National Nature Reserves |url=https://www.nts.org.uk/What-we-do/Article/Scotlandas-Newest-National-Nature-Reserves/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208004246/https://www.nts.org.uk/What-we-do/Article/Scotlandas-Newest-National-Nature-Reserves/ |archive-date=8 February 2018 |access-date=2018-02-07 |publisher=National Trust for Scotland}}</ref> kuma Ƙungiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya ta sanya shi yanki mai kariya [[Yankin kariya|na Rukunin II]].<ref name="planet">{{Cite web |title=Mar Lodge Estate |url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/555638750 |access-date=14 February 2021 |publisher=Protected Planet}}</ref> Ana fuskantar mummunan yanayi a duk faɗin yankin, musamman a kan tudun. Zaftarewar ƙasa, zaftarewar ƙasa da ambaliyar ruwa suna canza yanayin ƙasa kuma suna ba shi [[Ilimin Kimiyyar Juyin Sifar Kasa (Geomorphology)|ilimin ƙasa]] mai ban sha'awa.<ref name="case">{{Cite web |title=Case Study – Mar Lodge |url=http://www.ntseducation.org.uk/students/case-mar.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819181631/http://www.ntseducation.org.uk/students/case-mar.html |archive-date=19 August 2008 |access-date=7 February 2009 |publisher=[[National Trust for Scotland]]}}</ref> Gidan yana da tsaunukan Cairngorm masu zagaye a arewa, tare da manyan koguna da duwatsu har zuwa ƙasan kwarin. [[Gileshiya (Tsaunin kankara)|Matsalolin glacial sun]] haɗa da Lairig Ghru da Lairig an Laoigh. A kudu maso yamma akwai tsaunukan [[River Geldie|Geldie]] masu buɗewa da birgima. Ruwa da ke gudana daga tsaunuka ya zama tushen kogin Dee. Gidan yana da farin jini ga masu yawo a tsaunuka, wanda ya ƙunshi tsaunuka 14 na Munros, da kuma tsaunuka 4 daga cikin 5 mafi tsayi a Scotland, ciki har da dutse na biyu mafi tsayi a Birtaniya, Ben Macdui. NTS tana da wurin ajiye motoci da bandaki kusa da magudanar ruwan Linn of Dee, wanda shine babban wurin shiga yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mar Lodge Estate |url=https://www.nts.org.uk/visit/places/mar-lodge-estate |access-date=14 September 2020 |publisher=National Trust for Scotland}}</ref> Samun damar shiga gidan don ayyukan waje kamar tafiya a kan tsaunuka, hawa dutse da kuma sansani na daji ya samu izinin [[Ƴancin yawo|shiga ta hanyar haƙƙin mallaka]] wanda ya shafi dukkan filaye a Scotland a ƙarƙashin dokar shiga waje ta Scotland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scottish Outdoor Access Code |url=https://www.outdooraccess-scotland.scot/ |access-date=2018-05-03 |publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage}}</ref> == Tsirrai da dabbobi == Gidan ya ƙunshi misalan ragowar tsohon [[Dajin Caledonia|dajin Pine na Caledonian]], dajin [[Ƙasar Moorland|heather moorland]], da kuma wani ɓangare na babban tudun Cairngorm. Yana tallafawa muhimman tarin jajayen grouse, wader da raptors.<ref name="nts">{{Cite web |title=Mar Lodge Estate |url=http://www.marlodgeestate.org.uk/ |access-date=7 February 2009 |publisher=[[National Trust for Scotland]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207105426/http://marlodgeestate.org.uk/ |archive-date=7 February 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Dajin Pine na Caledonian gida ne ga squirrels ja, pine martens, tururuwa na itace da tsuntsaye kamar su black grouse, Scottish crossbill da parrot crossbill, waɗanda duk ba kasafai ake samun su ba ko kuma ba a same su a yawancin Burtaniya. Manyan yankuna a kan tudun Cairngorm suna ɗauke da yawan kiwo na dotterel, snow buntings da ptarmigan, kuma shine mafi girman yanki na flora na arctic-alpine a Burtaniya. <ref name="SNH-NNR" /> == Muhalli da aka gina == [[File:Mar_Lodge_Estate_-_Corrour_Bothy_'toilet_extension'_(21_August_2007)_(069).jpg|right|thumb| Corrour Bothy a Mar Lodge Estate, yana nuna tsawaita tubalin bayan gida]] Muhimmancin gine-ginen gidan ya bayyana ne a gaskiyar cewa akwai gine-gine guda 5 da aka jera, ciki har da Mar Lodge, wanda Duke na Fife ya gina a shekarar 1895. Ɗakin wasan yana da kan barewa ja 2,435 da aka lulluɓe a bango da silin. Gobara ta lalata masaukin sosai a shekarar 1991 amma an sake gina shi ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka. Tun daga lokacin aka mayar da shi gidajen hutu kuma yana riƙe da yawancin kyawawan abubuwan da suka faru a zamaninsa a matsayin masaukin farauta. An gina gidajen farauta guda shida a yankin domin ba da damar a ɗauki nauyin masu harbi daga babban ginin Mar Lodge. Ɗaya kawai, Derry Lodge, ya rage a jikinsa, duk da cewa yanzu yana cikin mawuyacin hali. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Derry Lodge |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/81561/derry-lodge |access-date=2018-02-06 |publisher=Canmore - National Record of the Historic Environment}}</ref> A shekarar 2016 NTS ta gabatar da shirye-shiryen gyara masaukin domin samar da masaukin baƙi: tunda masaukin yana nan&nbsp;kilomita daga titin Linn na Dee mafi kusa, wannan masaukin zai iya isa ta ƙafa ko keke ne kawai. Gidan ya haɗa da ƙasa wadda ke da wasu wurare na tarihi na ƙasa da na duniya, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren tarihi na ƙasar da aka tsara a matsayin wuraren tarihi. <ref name="nts" /> A shekara ta 2006, Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Cairngorms ta amince da buƙatar tsare-tsare daga Ƙungiyar Mountain Bothies (MBA) don faɗaɗa Corrour Bothy don shigar da murhun ƙona itace da kuma ƙara tubalin bayan gida don inganta wuraren baƙi. A watan Janairun 2023, Ruighe Ealasaid ya buɗe a matsayin ƙarin gini a gidan, bayan shekaru biyu na aikin MBA don dawo da wani gini da ya lalace a baya. == Tarihi == Mar Lodge Estate ita ce mafi girman ragowar Earldom na tarihi na Maris . Bayan halartar John " <nowiki><i id="mwmw">Bobbing John</i></nowiki> " Erskine, Earl na 6 na Maris a cikin Tashi na Jacobite na 1715, an kwace kadarorin a 1716, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen tsarin mallakar filaye na feudal da ake amfani da shi a Earldom na Mar, kodayake tsarin warware kwace 1716 ya ɗauki shekaru da yawa. Masu mallakar kadarorin na gaba su ne James Erskine, Lord Grange, ɗan'uwan Earl of Mar, da David Erskine, Lord Dun. Ɗan kasuwa mai hazaka William Duff na Dipple ne ya sayi yankin Dalmore, mafi yammacin ƙasar, tsakanin 1730 da 1737. Wannan ya samar da cibiyar Mar Estate. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, ƙananan wurare da yawa da suka kewaye manyan gidaje biyu na Invercauld da Mar an shagaltar da su a hankali ta hanyar ɗaya ko ɗayan, har sai da suka zama gidaje biyu kacal a Braemar. <ref name="history">{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.braemarscotland.co.uk/history/index.htm |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131224221/http://www.braemarscotland.co.uk/history/index.htm |archivedate=31 January 2009 |accessdate=7 February 2009 |publisher=Braemar Guide}}</ref> A ƙarni na 19, an fara amfani da wannan kadarar musamman don yin harbi da kamun kifi ta hanyar gina Hunting Lodges na Derry Lodge, Geldie Lodge da Bynack Lodge. Ƙauyen Inverey shi kaɗai ne ya tsira daga sharewar gidaje - ban da ƙauyen Braemar wanda wani ɓangare na ƙauyen shi ma wani ɓangare ne na Mar Estate har zuwa ƙarni na 20. A shekarar 1879 Alexander William George Duff ya gaji mahaifinsa James ya zama Earl Fife na 6. A wannan lokacin Earl ya mallaki filaye masu yawa ban da kadarorin a matsayin shugaban yawancin 'yan Baronies na Scotland, ciki har da MacDuff, wanda aka sanya wa suna James Duff, Earl Fife na 2. A shekarar 1889 ya auri [[Louise, Gimbiya ta Sarauta|Gimbiya Royal]] kuma aka naɗa shi Duke na 1 na Fife . Bayan rasuwarsa a shekarar 1912, amintattu ne suka kula da kadarorin, daga baya aka mika su ga Gimbiya Alexandra, Duchess ta Fife . Tsakanin 1942 da 1944, Kamfani na 25, na Gundumar Gandun Daji ta 2, na Rundunar Gandun Daji ta Kanada, ya gudanar da sansanin Kanada, wani sansanin katako a ƙasar gabashin gadar Lui a ɓangarorin biyu na titin, kuma ya fara sare bishiyoyi da sarrafa su zuwa katako don tallafawa ƙoƙarin yaƙi. A shekarar 1959 , Alexander Ramsay, Lord da Baron na Braemar sun gaji gadon daga goggonsa. A shekarar 1962, Kamfanin Ashdale Property Company ne ya mallaki Mar Lodge Estate na ɗan lokaci, wanda daga nan ya sayar da shi ga iyalan Swiss Panchaud, a shekarar 1962. 'Yan'uwan Gerald da John Panchaud <ref name="Dawson" /> sun gudanar da kadarorin a matsayin wani kamfani na wasanni na kasuwanci, yayin da kuma Lodge a matsayin otal. An gina hanyoyin mota a ko'ina cikin gidan, ciki har da wanda ke kusa da saman Beinn a' Bhùird wanda aka gina don wani shiri na gina wuraren wasan kankara. Panchauds sun kuma fara gina cibiyar wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a kan tudun da ke bayan Mar Lodge. A shekarar 1989, Mar Lodge Estate Inc., wani kamfani mallakar wani ɗan kasuwa ɗan ƙasar Jamus-Amurke John Kluge, ya sayi kadarorin don dalilai na wasanni, tare da mai da hankali kan kula da filaye masu mahimmanci da inganta wurare da gine-gine. Gobara ta katse gyaran masaukin a shekarar 1991, kuma a ƙarshe gaba ɗaya a shekarar 1993. <ref name="case" /> A ranar 30 ga Yuni 1995, [[Amincewa ta Kasa ga Scotland|National Trust for Scotland]] ta sayi Mar Lodge Estate. Asusun ba shi da kuɗin da ake buƙata kuma yana buƙatar tallafin kuɗi mai yawa daga ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da na gwamnati don ɗaukar nauyin siyan. Ƙungiyar agaji ''ta Easter Charitable Trust'' ta yi tayin fam miliyan 4.5, kuma Asusun Caca na Heritage Lottery ya bayar da sama da fam miliyan 10. An yi amfani da fam miliyan 1.5 na kuɗin da aka tara wajen siyan, kuma an yi amfani da sama da fam miliyan 8 a matsayin tallafi, inda aka sanya wa [[NatureScot|Scottish Natural Heritage]] (SNH) yarjejeniyar gudanarwa ta shekaru 25, tsarin gudanarwa na shekaru 5, da kuma shirin aikin jari mai tsada na shekara 1 (wanda ake sabuntawa kowace shekara) tare da Trust a matsayin tsarin da zai jagoranci samar da ƙarin kuɗin jama'a. An kammala siyan ne da sanin cewa SNH za ta zama "abokin hulɗa mai aiki wajen kula da kadarorin". A lokacin akwai jita-jita da yawa cewa [[Charles III|Yarima Charles]], Duke na Rothesay ne ya bayar da gudummawar, duk da haka daga baya an gano cewa Ann Marie Salvesen, wata mamba mai jin kunyar tallatawa a daular jigilar kaya da rarraba kaya ta Kirista Salvesen ta bayar da gudummawar fam miliyan 4.5 ba tare da an ambaci sunanta ba don taimakawa wajen siyan. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9yt3g1r3gf33r6t3deutc4okpapsj8y Mai inganta iskar gas 0 175026 967770 948245 2026-10-15T04:02:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mai haɓakar gas shine kayan aiki wanda ake amfani dashi don mai da hankali ga [[methane]] a cikin biogas a cikin biomethane, wanda aka fi sani da sunan kasuwanci kamar Sabuntawa na Gas. Ingantawa yana da manyan ayyuka guda uku: cire gurbataccen abu, rabuwa da iskar gas da ba ta da amfani da ita, da bushewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TR1409: Biomethane – Status and Factors {{!}} Task 37 {{!}} Energy from Biogas |url=https://task37.ieabioenergy.com/technical-reports/biomethane-status-and-factors/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> Manufar inganta iskar gas ita ce yin biomethane wanda ya cika ƙayyadaddun inganci don tsarin rarraba iskar gas ko don amfani a cikin motoci iskar gas. [[Fayil:Biogasupgrader.jpg|thumb|Mai haɓaka iskar gas tare da tasoshin adsorption na matsin lamba]] == Cire gurbataccen abu == Biogas ya ƙunshi nau'o'in gurɓataccen abu da yawa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan gurɓataccen abu kamar hydrogen sulphide da ammoniya ana samar da su a cikin tsarin narkewar anaerobic. Sauran nau'o'in gurbatawa ana riƙe su daga kayan abinci, wannan ya zama ruwan dare a cikin iskar gas da aka samar a wuraren zubar da shara da kuma tsire-tsire na tsabtace ruwa. Wadannan gurbataccen abu an rarraba su a matsayin Siloxanes da kwayoyin halitta masu saurin canzawa (VOCs). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gaj |first=Kazimierz |date=22 December 2022 |title=Combined Biological Method for Simultaneous Removal of Hydrogen Sulphide and Volatile Methylsiloxanes from Biogas |journal=Energies |volume=16 |issue=100 |page=100 |doi=10.3390/en16010100 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana buƙatar cire waɗannan gurbataccen don kauce wa guba da kayan rarraba gas na gaba ko don saduwa da ƙayyadaddun biomethane. === Kafofin watsa labarai na hadaya === Za'a iya cire gurbataccen ta amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na hadaya inda nau'ikan gurbataccen ke shiga cikin kafofin watsa labarai ko kuma suna amsawa da kafofin watsa labaru. Wannan kafofin watsa labarai suna tara gurɓataccen abu har sai an cika shi, a wannan lokacin an cire shi kuma an maye gurbinsa da sabon kafofin watsa labarai. Sau da yawa ana yin kafofin watsa labarai na sadaukarwa daga carbon mai kunnawa wani lokacin ana cika shi da wasu abubuwan da aka haɗa kamar alumina mai kunnawa ko ƙarfe don inganta zaɓin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Activated Carbon for Biogas Treatment |url=https://www.donau-carbon.com/getattachment/696b7765-9920-4c6b-905e-d814dec47f82/biogas.aspx |access-date=30 April 2026 |website=Donau Carbon}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Kafofin watsa labarai masu sabuntawa === Wasu nau'ikan kafofin watsa labarai za a iya sake farfadowa ta amfani da adsorption na zafin jiki. A cikin wannan tsari, ana fitar da gurbataccen adsorbed daga kafofin watsa labarai lokacin da aka fallasa su ga iskar gas mai zafi. Ana sanyaya iskar don ajiye gurbataccen ko kuma a ƙone shi don lalata gurbataccen. Wannan tsari yana fadada rayuwar kafofin watsa labarai. === Cirewa da kuma kwayar halitta === Dabbobi masu gurɓataccen kamar hydrogen sulphide kamar yadda za'a iya narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma saboda haka ana iya raba su daga biogas ta amfani da wanke ruwa.Dole ne a cire gurbataccen da aka narke a cikin ruwa don sake farfado da ruwa don sake amfani da shi. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyar amfani da tushen don amsawa tare da gurɓataccen don samar da nau'in da ba za a iya warwarewa ba ko ta hanyar amfani le microbes don sarrafa gurɓata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cattaneo |first=Carlos R. |last2=Muñoz |first2=Raul |last3=Korshin |first3=Gregory V. |last4=Naddeo |first4=Vincenzo |last5=Belgiorno |first5=Vincenzo |last6=Zarra |first6=Tiziano |date=2023-10-01 |title=Biological desulfurization of biogas: A comprehensive review on sulfide microbial metabolism and treatment biotechnologies |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969723033120 |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=893 |bibcode=2023ScTEn.89364689C |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164689 |issn=0048-9697 |pmid=37315597 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Hanyoyin rarraba gas == Biogas ya ƙunshi cakuda nau'ikan gas. [[Methane]] shine mafi girman kashi kuma burin ingantawa shine mayar da hankali ga methane a cikin samfurin samfurin. [[Carbon dioxide]] shine nau'in nau'in na biyu mafi yawanci a cikin iskar gas saboda kuma samfurin tsarin narkewar anaerobic ne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deaconu |first=Adrian |date=2024-09-01 |title=The Basis of Anaerobic Digestion Process |url=https://epcmholdings.com/the-basis-of-anaerobic-digestion-process/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=EPCM |language=en}}</ref> Nitrogen da iskar oxygen na iya kasancewa idan an gabatar da iska a cikin tsarin narkewar anaerobic. Ana iya ƙara iska zuwa tsari don dalilai na gangan kamar oxidizing hydrogen sulphide ko iya shiga ba tare da saninsa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Module 9a: H2S Removal |url=https://americanbiogascouncil.org/operator-training/ |access-date=30 May 2022 |website=American Biogas Council}}</ref> === Yin wankewa mai narkewa === Rashin wankewa shine tsari na narkar da carbon dioxide da nau'ikan gurbataccen Mai narkewa a cikin mai narke. Biogas mai matsin lamba yana gudana cikin wani shafi tare da mai narkewa yana gudana a cikin salon yanzu. Mai narkewa ya zama mai cike kuma ana sake farfadowa ta hanyar sauke matsin lamba ko kara yawan zafin jiki don cire iskar gas.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Rill Ann |date=2018-01-11 |title=Basics Of Biogas Upgrading |url=https://www.biocycle.net/basics-biogas-upgrading/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=BioCycle |language=en-US}}</ref> Abinda aka fi amfani da shi a cikin wannan tsari shine ruwa. D<nowiki><sup id="mwUQ">o</sup></nowiki> Henry ta nuna cewa iskar gas ta narke a mafi girma a ƙananan yanayin zafi, kamar yadda irin waɗannan tsarin wanke ruwa ke aiki a ƙasa da 10oC, wanda ke ba da damar cire 2.5-3g na carbon dioxide a kowace lita na ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solubility of Gases in Water vs. Temperature |url=https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/gases-solubility-water-d_1148.html |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.engineeringtoolbox.com |language=en}}</ref> Methane yana narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa yana ba da damar tattara methane a cikin rafin samfurin. Nitrogen da oxygen suma suna adanawa a cikin ruwa, wanda ke sa wanke ruwa ba ya tasiri don cire su.<ref name=":0" /> Ana iya amfani da kayan narkewa a maimakon ruwa. Ana amfani da kayan narkewa masu kyau saboda don babban ƙarfin narkewa ko zaɓin carbon dioxide ko nau'in gurbatawa. Wani mai narkewa na yau da kullun shine Selexol, wanda ke da babban damar narkar da hydrogen sulphide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selexol Process Fundamentals {{!}} Engineering Guide |url=https://midstreamcalculator.com/engineering/gas-processing/selexol-process-fundamentals.html |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=MidstreamCalculator |language=en}}</ref> f5pjvmv9qc483hppymilr6uaoyweswe Mai mutuwa na bazara 0 176603 967772 956491 2026-10-15T04:14:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Summer Ashley Mortimer''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1993) ɗan ƙasar Kanada ne kuma tsohon ɗan ƙasar Holland wanda ya yi takara a ƙasashen duniya don Kanada, daga baya kuma ya yi takara a ƙungiyar wasannin guragu ta ƙasa ta Netherlands, mai fasaha, mai fasaha, da kuma halayen CBC Sports . Mortimer ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau bakwai ga Kanada da Netherlands, sannan ta lashe lambobin yabo guda hudu ga Kanada a [[Wasannin Paralympic|gasar Paralympic]] ta farko da ta yi [[2012 Summer Paralympics|a Landan]] : zinare biyu, azurfa daya da tagulla daya. Mortimer ya fafata a gasar Olympics ta Kanada ta 2008 a matsayin mai ninkaya mai ƙarfin jiki, kuma ya sake yin horo a matsayin mai ninkaya bayan hatsarin da ya yi da trampolining . Ta fara fafatawa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa a shekarar 2010 da tsarin SM10, inda ta kafa tarihi a duniya (ɗaya daga cikinsu ta sake karya tarihi a lokacin cancantar shiga gasar Paralympics ta 2012). Mortimer ya lashe lambobin yabo a dukkan tsere guda huɗu da ya fafata a gasar. Tana da tarihin duniya a tseren mita 50 da 100 na S10 da kuma tseren mita 50 da 100 da kuma tseren baya-baya. A shekarar 2013 Mortimer ta nemi shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Netherlands, kuma ta sanar da canja wurinta a watan Yunin 2014. Ta lashe lambobin yabo uku (zinare biyu da azurfa ɗaya) a gasar cin kofin [[Kwamitin Wasannin Paralympic na Duniya|IPC]] ta 2014, inda ta kafa tarihi guda biyu a Turai. Ba ta shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2016 ba, saboda "dalilan lafiya masu tsanani." <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2016 |title=Summer Mortimer Not Named Among 18 for Dutch Paralympic Squad |url=https://swimswam.com/summer-mortimer-not-named-among-18-dutch-paralympic-squad/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411222445/https://swimswam.com/summer-mortimer-not-named-among-18-dutch-paralympic-squad/ |archive-date=2016-04-11 |access-date=2016-04-11}}</ref> Ta kasance mai sharhi kan wasanni a gasar ninkaya ta bazara ta 2020, a CBC, da kuma [[Wasannin Paralympics na bazara na 2020|gasar Paralympics ta bazara ta 2020]], wadda aka watsa a CBC da AMI-tv. Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Scott Russell don gasar Paralympics ta lokacin hunturu ta 2022 da kuma [[Wasannin Paralympics na bazara na 2024|gasar Paralympics ta lokacin bazara ta 2024]] a irin wannan tashoshi. ==Ayyukan wasanni== {{anchor|Swimming}} Mortimer ta fara iyo tana da shekara biyu;<ref name=CBCHamilton-29Aug /> mahaifiyarta na daga cikin masu haɗin gwiwa wajen mallakar Oakville Swim Academy.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kuiperij |first=Jon |title=Swim academy offering survival program for infants |url=http://www.insidehalton.com/community/oakvillebeaver/article/880985 |access-date=1 September 2012 |newspaper=Oakville Beaver |date=30 September 2010 |location=Oakville ON}}</ref> tana da shekara tara, ta fara shiga gasar iyo.<ref name=CBCHamilton-29Aug /> A matsayinta na memba ta Hamilton Aquatic Club da Golden Horseshoe Aquatic Club,<ref name=TheSpec-OSA /> Mortimer ta fafata a 2008 Canadian Olympic Trials domin wasannin Beijing.<ref name=CBCHamilton-29Aug /><ref name=CBC-CP-6September2012>{{cite news |title=Canada's Mortimer adds to Paralympic medal haul |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/canada-s-mortimer-adds-to-paralympic-medal-haul-1.1203351 |access-date=6 September 2012 |newspaper=CBC Sports |date=6 September 2012 |agency=The Canadian Press |location=Toronto ON |archive-date=18 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118073128/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2012/09/06/sp-paralympics-canada-wheelchair-basketball.html |url-status=live}}</ref> An rarraba ta a ajin SM10, wanda shi ne ajin paraswimming da ke da mafi ƙarancin nakasa. SM10 yana buɗe ne ga mutanen da ke da "ƙarancin rauni sosai da ke shafar ƙafafu; masu iyo da ke da takaita motsin haɗin gwiwar kwatangwalo; masu iyo da ke da gurɓatattun ƙafafu biyu; masu iyo da aka yanke wa ƙafa ɗaya a ƙasa da gwiwa; masu iyo da suka rasa hannu ɗaya. Wannan shi ne ajin da ke da mafi yawan ƙarfin jiki".<ref name=understanding>{{cite web |title=Understanding Classification: A Guide to the Classification Systems used in Paralympic Sports |first=Jane |last=Buckley |year=2011 |access-date=12 November 2011 |url=http://www.sportingwheelies.org.au/doc.php?ID=38 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411023150/http://www.sportingwheelies.org.au/doc.php?ID=38 |archive-date=11 April 2011}}</ref> ===<span class="anchor" id="Para-swimming for Canada"></span>Paraswimming ga Kanada=== Wani mummunan rauni da ta samu a wata gasar tsalle-tsalle ta trampolin ya karya yawancin ƙasusuwan ƙafafun Mortimer;<ref name=TheSpec-OSA /><ref name=CP-24Aug-profile>{{cite news |last=Spencer |first=Donna |title=Mortimer making the most of Paralympic life |url=http://metronews.ca/olympics/347336/mortimer-making-the-most-of-paralympic-life/ |access-date=1 September 2012 |newspaper=Metro News |date=24 August 2012 |agency=The Canadian Press |location=Toronto ON |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907001958/http://metronews.ca/olympics/347336/mortimer-making-the-most-of-paralympic-life/ |archive-date=7 September 2012}}</ref> kuma ta kasance cikin wadanda ke kan gaba a ƙasa baki ɗaya a wannan wasa.<ref name=2012-11-02-sponsorless /> Lokacin da ta fara ƙoƙarin sake tafiya, ta sake koyon yin iyo.<ref name=CP-24Aug-profile /> Ba tare da sanin cewa ana watsa gasar ta Worlds kai tsaye ba, Mortimer ta yi mamaki lokacin da aka ɗauke ta a kyamara, sannan ta fito da harshenta. Halinta na sakin jiki ya ci gaba a wasannin Olympics, inda ta ce duk da cewa akwai yiwuwar akwai "wani girman kai a ɓoye", ba da gangan take ƙoƙarin aika saƙo ga abokan hamayyarta ba.<ref name=VS-31Aug>{{cite news |last=Kingston |first=Gary |title=Summer Mortimer's 'hard-core determination' pays off in Paralympic gold for Canada, new world record |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/summer-mortimers-hard-core-determination-pays-off-in-paralympic-gold-for-canada-new-world-record |access-date=1 September 2012 |newspaper=Vancouver Sun |date=31 August 2012 |location=Vancouver BC |archive-date=4 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904121532/http://www.vancouversun.com/sports/Summer+Mortimer+hard+core+determination+pays+Paralympic+gold+Canada+world/7175236/story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Mortimer tana sanya wata igiyar roba wadda take ja lokacin da ta fahimci cewa tana tunanin wani abu mara kyau; kasancewar tana "tsananin suka ga kanta", hakan yana taimaka mata ta gane yawan tunaninta na "ƙasa" da kuma canza yanayin tunaninta.<ref name=CBCHamilton-29Aug /> A matsayinta na tsohuwar 'yar wasan iyo mai ƙoshin lafiya da ta taɓa fafatawa, tana jin haushi game da ra'ayin da wasu masu iyo marasa nakasa suke da shi cewa wasan iyo na Paralympics "abin dariya ne".<ref name=VS-31Aug /> Ta ce, "Paralympics sun fi wahala sosai fiye da ɓangaren wasanni na marasa nakasa. Na san hakan daga kwarewar kaina. Ya fi wahala sosai";<ref name=VS-31Aug /> Mortimer ta ce ta san "ɗimbin 'yan wasa marasa nakasa waɗanda kullum suke yi wa Paralympics ba'a".<ref name=CP-24Aug-profile /> Tana fatan halaye za su canza, tana nuna irin sauyin da ɗan wasan da ya samu lambar yabo tare da ita, Benoit Huot, ya gani tun daga Paralympics na 2000 a Sydney.<ref name=CP-24Aug-profile /> ====<span class="anchor" id="World level competitions"></span>Gasa a matakin duniya==== A 2010 IPC Swimming World Championships da aka gudanar a Eindhoven, Netherlands, Mortimer ta lashe lambobin zinare huɗu kuma ta kafa sabbin tarihin duniya guda biyar.<ref name=TheSpec-OSA /> A watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar, ta zama Female Paraswimmer of the Year a taron Swimming Canada's Big Splash.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cochrane, Lacroix earn Canada's swimmer of year honours |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/cochrane-lacroix-earn-canada-s-swimmer-of-year-honours-1.952144 |access-date=1 September 2012 |newspaper=CBC.ca |date=30 November 2010 |agency=The Canadian Press |location=Toronto ON |archive-date=3 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203052517/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/amateur/story/2010/11/30/sp-cochrane-lacroix-honours.html |url-status=live}}</ref> A gasar Canadian Olympic and Paralympic Swimming Trials da aka gudanar a Montreal a watan Afrilu 2012, Mortimer ta yi niyyar rage tarihinta na duniya a tseren mita 50 na freestyle daga daƙiƙa 28.30 zuwa kusan 28.27; ta kammala cikin daƙiƙa 28.17.<ref>{{cite news |title=Huot and Mortimer break their world records at Paralympic trials |url=https://www.swimming.ca/NewsArticle.aspx?newsid=3113 |access-date=1 September 2012 |newspaper=Swimming Canada |date=13 April 2012 |location=Ottawa ON |archive-date=6 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706191707/https://www.swimming.ca/NewsArticle.aspx?newsid=3113 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref group=note>Sakamakon Mortimer a Canadian Paralympic Swimming Trials ya ba ta damar samun tallafin kuɗi daga Investors Group. ({{cite news |title=Summer Mortimer awarded 2012 Team Investors Group Amateur Athletes Fund Bursary |url=https://www.swimming.ca/NewsArticle.aspx?newsid=3147 |access-date=1 September 2012 |newspaper=Swimming Canada |date=15 May 2012 |location=Ottawa ON |archive-date=18 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518214831/https://www.swimming.ca/NewsArticle.aspx?newsid=3147 |url-status=live}})</ref> Tsakanin Trials da Paralympics, ta lashe tseren mita 100 na backstroke a watan Yuli a Canada Cup;<ref>{{cite news |title=Canadian Olympic team swimmers display impressive form at Canada Cup |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/olympics/canadian-olympic-team-swimmers-display-impressive-form-at-canada-cup/article4397310/ |access-date=1 September 2012 |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=6 July 2012 |agency=The Canadian Press |location=Toronto ON |archive-date=14 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714065224/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/olympics/canadian-olympic-team-swimmers-display-impressive-form-at-canada-cup/article4397310/ |url-status=live}}</ref> wannan sakamakon ya ba Mortimer mamaki, wadda ta fuskanci "lokaci mai wahala" da ƙafafunta a watan da ya gabata.<ref>{{cite news |title=McCabe on target for London |url=https://www.swimming.ca/NewsArticle.aspx?newsid=3223 |archive-url=https://archie.today/20121217103656/https://www.swimming.ca/NewsArticle.aspx?newsid=3223 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 17, 2012 |access-date=1 September 2012 |newspaper=Swimming Canada |date=8 July 2012 |location=Ottawa ON}}</ref> A wannan watan, ta kuma lashe gasar mata ta mita 100 S10 a Speedo Paraswimming CAN-AM a Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three wins for Paralympian Nathan Stein at the 2012 Speedo CAN/AM Para-swimming Championships |url=https://www.swimming.ca/NewsArticle.aspx?newsid=3239 |archive-url=https://arcive.today/20121217122637/https://www.swimming.ca/NewsArticle.aspx?newsid=3239 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 17, 2012 |access-date=1 September 2012 |newspaper=Swimming Canada |date=21 July 2012 |location=Ottawa ON}}</ref> ====<span class="anchor" id="2012 London"></span>Paralympics na London==== [[File:2012 Hours To Go aquatic centre.jpg|250px|thumb|alt=Night view of modern building, with many people walking outside|The London Aquatics Centre, inda Mortimer ta lashe lambobin Paralympics guda huɗu]] Mortimer ta samu damar shiga gasa shida na mata na SM10 a Paralympics na London na 2012—tseren mita 200 na individual medley, 4 × 100 m freestyle relay mai maki 34, 4 × 100 m medley relay, tseren mita 50 da 100 na freestyle da tseren mita 100 na backstroke—kuma ana da manyan tsammanin za ta yi abin kirki.<ref name=CBC-2012-10-13 /> A ranar 30 ga Agusta, ranar farko ta gasar, Sophie Pascoe ta New Zealand ta lashe tseren SM10 na mita 200 individual medley; Mortimer ta samu lambar azurfa.<ref name=TheSpec-31Aug>{{cite news |title=Ancaster swimmer wins one of two medals on Paralympic opening day |url=http://www.thespec.com/sports/local/article/790690--canada-kicks-off-2012-paralympic-games-with-gold-and-silver |archive-url=https://achive.today/20130204052218/http://www.thespec.com/sports/local/article/790690--canada-kicks-off-2012-paralympic-games-with-gold-and-silver |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 4, 2013 |access-date=1 September 2012 |newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |date=31 August 2012 |agency=The Canadian Press |location=Hamilton ON}}</ref> Tsawon rabin sa'a kafin gasar, Mortimer tana "kuka sosai";<ref name=TheSpec-31Aug /> ta gaya wa The Canadian Press cewa, "[Kasancewa] a nan da kuma haɗuwa da waɗannan mutane ya sa na gane cewa ina matuƙar godiya da wannan kwarewar da na samu sakamakon hatsarina. Ban sani ba ko wannan wani ɓangare ne na tafiyar da ya kamata in bi a rayuwa, amma ba zan taɓa mayar da ita ba ko da duniya za a ba ni".<ref name=TheSpec-31Aug /> Washegari, ta lashe lambar zinare a tseren S10 na mita 50 freestyle da lokacin da ya kafa sabon tarihi na 28.10. Lokacin Mortimer ya fi na tarihin Trials da ta kafa a watan Afrilu da daƙiƙa 0.07 sauri, kuma ya fi lokacin Pascoe da daƙiƙa 0.14 sauri; ta shiga tseren ne tana "ɗan haushi" kuma "a fusace da duk wanda zai kwace min shi".<ref name=VS-31Aug /> A zagayen farko na tseren mita 100 na backstroke na S10, Mortimer ta zo ta uku, kuma tana fatan kada a saka ta kusa da "manyan mutane" a wasan ƙarshe domin ta ci gaba da mai da hankali.<ref name=star /> Ta lashe lambar zinare a wasan ƙarshe a ranar 4 ga Satumba, inda ta kafa sabon tarihin duniya na 1:05.90 bayan ta shawo kan tazarar rabin daƙiƙa da Pascoe ta samu a lokacin juyawa. Mortimer ta lura cewa lokacinta ya fi mafi kyawun lokacinta a matsayin 'yar wasan da ba ta da nakasa sauri.<ref name=star>{{cite news |title=Summer Mortimer wins more gold for Canada at Paralympics |url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/london2012/article/1251153--summer-mortimer-wins-more-gold-for-canada-at-paralympics |access-date=4 September 2012 |newspaper=The Toronto Star |date=4 September 2012 |agency=The Canadian Press |location=Toronto ON |archive-date=6 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906011922/http://www.thestar.com/sports/london2012/article/1251153--summer-mortimer-wins-more-gold-for-canada-at-paralympics |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=galloway>{{cite news |last=Galloway |first=Matt |title=Ancaster double gold-medalist Summer Mortimer live on CBC Radio |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/headlines/ancaster-double-gold-medalist-summer-mortimer-live-on-cbc-radio-1.1207228 |work=Metro Morning |publisher=CBC |access-date=6 October 2012 |date=6 September 2012 |location=Toronto ON}}</ref> A tseren mita 100 freestyle (gasarta ta ƙarshe da ta yi ita kaɗai) Mortimer ta zo ta uku, da tazarar daƙiƙa 0.69 a bayan<ref name=CBC-CP-6September2012 /> Pascoe da Elodie Lorandi ta Faransa; Aurelie Rivard ta Kanada ta zo ta huɗu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Women's 100m Freestyle – S10 |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-100m-freestyle-s10/index.html |work=London 2012 |access-date=6 September 2012 |location=London |date=6 September 2012 |archive-date=7 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907022505/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-100m-freestyle-s10/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Lambar tagulla da Mortimer ta samu ita ce kaɗai da Kanada ta samu a ranar tara ta gasar.<ref name=CBC-CP-6September2012 /> A matsayin ɓangare na tawagar relay ta mata ta Kanada mai maki 34 ta 4 × 100 m freestyle da tawagar 4 × 100 m medley relay,<ref>{{cite web |title=Women's 4x100m Freestyle Relay - 34 Points |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-4x100m-freestyle-relay-34-points/index.html |work=2012 Paralympics |publisher=The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Ltd |access-date=16 October 2012 |location=London |date=September 2012 |archive-date=14 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914133131/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-4x100m-freestyle-relay-34-points/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SportsView: Day 5 brings bronze medals in archery and athletics |url=http://www.northumberlandview.ca/index.php?module=news&type=user&func=display&sid=17005 |access-date=16 October 2012 |newspaper=Northumberland View |date=3 September 2012 |location=Roseneath ON |archive-date=27 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327215527/http://northumberlandview.ca/index.php?module=news&type=user&func=display&sid=17005 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mortimer ba ta samu lamba ba. Duk da cewa tawagarta ta freestyle relay ta yi 4:38.23 (ta kasa karya tarihin Kanada na shekarar 2000 da daƙiƙa 0.22), sun zo na bakwai a wasan ƙarshe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Women's 4x100m Freestyle Relay - 34 Points |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-4x100m-freestyle-relay-34-points/index.html |work=2012 Paralympics |publisher=The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Ltd |access-date=16 October 2012 |location=London |date=September 2012 |archive-date=14 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914133131/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-4x100m-freestyle-relay-34-points/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SportsView: Day 5 brings bronze medals in archery and athletics |url=http://www.northumberlandview.ca/index.php?module=news&type=user&func=display&sid=17005 |access-date=16 October 2012 |newspaper=Northumberland View |date=3 September 2012 |location=Roseneath ON |archive-date=27 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327215527/http://northumberlandview.ca/index.php?module=news&archive=27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da Katarina Roxon, Morgan Bird da Brianna Nelson a medley relay, tawagar Mortimer ta zo ta bakwai kuma ta ƙarshe. Lokutan da ta yi na 32.35 a tseren mita 50 da 1:06.37 a tseren mita 100 su ne mafi sauri a cikin wasannin da ta yi a matsayin memba na tawagar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Women's 4x100m Medley Relay - 34 Points |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-4x100m-medley-relay-34-points/index.html |work=2012 Paralympics |publisher=The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Ltd |access-date=16 October 2012 |location=London |date=September 2012 |archive-date=14 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914133156/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-4x100m-medley-relay-34-points/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=November 2014}} A wasannin Olympics na 2012, lambobin yabo huɗu da Mortimer ta samu su ne mafi yawa da wani ɗan wasan Kanada ko ɗan wasan para-athlete ya samu.<ref>{{cite news |last=Elliott |first=Howard |title=Second-class treatment of first-class athletes |url=http://www.thespec.com/opinion/editorial/article/829704--second-class-treatment-of-first-class-athletes |access-date=3 November 2012 |newspaper=The Spectator |date=3 November 2012 |location=Hamilton ON |archive-date=4 February 2013 |archive-url=https://archve.today/20130204060332/http://www.thespec.com/opinion/editorial/article/829704--second-class-treatment-of-first-class-athletes |url-status=live}}</ref> ====<span class="anchor" id="Post London"></span>Bayan London==== Bayan gasarta ta ƙarshe ta mutum ɗaya a London, Mortimer ta ce duk da cewa tana da niyyar gwada shiga 2013 World Aquatics Championships, 2015 Parapan American Games da 2016 Paralympics,<ref name=CBC-2012-10-13 /> tana ɗaukar rayuwa shekara bayan shekara.<ref name=CBC-CP-6September2012 /> Daga Oktoba 2012 zuwa aƙalla Afrilu 2013, ta shirya ɗaukar ɗan lokaci daga gasa domin mai da hankali kan lafiyarta.<ref name=CBC-2012-10-13 /><ref name=CBC-2013-OSA-win /> Mortimer ta bayyana a Olympic Heroes Parade a Toronto.<ref>{{cite news |last=Strong |first=Gregory |title=Celebration time for Olympians and Paralympians |url=http://www.thespec.com/sports/article/804372--celebration-time-for-olympians-and-paralympians |access-date=13 October 2012 |newspaper=The Spectator |date=22 September 2012 |location=Hamilton ON |archive-date=7 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007200538/http://www.thespec.com/sports/article/804372--celebration-time-for-olympians-and-paralympians |url-status=live}}</ref> A taron, an ba 'yan wasan Paralympics ɗakuna a wani otal da ke wajen Toronto, yayin da aka sauke 'yan wasan Olympics a tsakiyar birni kuma aka ba su kyaututtuka; a wani liyafa, an ware 'yan wasan Paralympics zuwa wani ɗakin cin abinci daban.<ref name=2012-11-02-sponsorless>{{cite news |last=Radley |first=Scott |title=Why can't Paralympian medal hero Summer Mortimer find a sponsor? |url=http://www.thespec.com/sports/article/829124--why-can-t-quadruple-paralympic-medal-winner-summer-mortimer-find-anyone-to-sponsor-her |access-date=3 November 2012 |newspaper=The Spectator |date=2 November 2012 |location=Hamilton ON |archive-date=8 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108025018/http://www.thespec.com/sports/article/829124--why-can-t-quadruple-paralympic-medal-winner-summer-mortimer-find-anyone-to-sponsor-her |url-status=live}}</ref> Wani kakakin Canadian Paralympic Committee ya shaida wa The Spectator cewa kwamitin ya yi ƙoƙari a lokacin Paralympics domin a haɗa 'yan wasansu, kuma saboda ƙarancin kuɗin da suke da shi ba za su iya ba da irin abubuwan more rayuwar da 'yan wasan Olympics suka samu ba.<ref name=2012-11-02-sponsorless /> Mortimer ta kasance jakadiyar 2015 Pan and Parapan American Games, kuma ta gabatar da jawabai a makarantu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Summer Mortimer Inspires a New Generation |url=http://www.hwdsb.on.ca/media/news/details.aspx?id=1588&Page=0&year=&profiling= |access-date=18 October 2012 |newspaper=Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board |date=15 October 2012 |location=Hamilton ON |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307121837/http://www.hwdsb.on.ca/media/news/details.aspx?id=1588&Page=0&year=&profiling= |archive-date=7 March 2013}}</ref> Ta karɓi kuɗin girmamawa saboda waɗannan bayyanarwar, kuma tana fatan samun dala 3,000 a matsayin kuɗin gabatar da jawabai a shekarar 2012.<ref name=2012-11-02-sponsorless /> Ta bayyana a shirin CBC na ''Play On! Street Hockey Championship'' a Niagara Falls,<ref>{{cite news |last=Gold |first=David |title=Canadian Paralympic swimmers mark country's Sports Day |url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/paralympics/summer-paralympics/2012/1011070-canadian-paralympic-swimmers-mark-countrys-sports-day |access-date=13 October 2012 |newspaper=Inside the Games |date=28 September 2012 |location=Milton Keynes UK}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Canadian Paralympians to Celebrate Sports Day in Canada - Swimmers Summer Mortimer and Stephanie Dixon share how sport can transform lives and have positive impact on communities (press release) |url=http://www.heraldonline.com/2012/09/27/4296841/canadian-paralympians-to-celebrate.html |access-date=13 October 2012 |newspaper=Enquirer Herald |date=27 September 2012 |author=Canadian Paralympic Committee}}{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> ta taimaka wajen gudanar da rabon wuraren farawa a gasar Pattison Canadian International Championship Stakes,<ref>{{cite news |last=Mauntah |first=Richard |title=Euro invasion to hit Woodbine |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2012/10/11/euro-invasion-to-hit-woodbine |access-date=13 October 2012 |newspaper=Toronto Sun |date=11 October 2012 |location=Toronto ON |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222549/http://www.torontosun.com/2012/10/11/euro-invasion-to-hit-woodbine |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jockey Peslier will chase rare double victory in International horse race |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/jockey-peslier-will-chase-rare-double-victory-in-international-horse-race-173771051.html |access-date=3 November 2012 |newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press |date=11 October 2012 |agency=The Canadian Press |location=Winnipeg MB}}</ref> kuma ta bayyana a wasu hotunan talla.<ref>{{cite news |title=Media Advisory/Photo Opportunity - RBC Olympian Christian Redmann to make donation to CAN Fund |url=http://www.stockhouse.com/news/canadianreleasesdetail.aspx?n=8622326 |access-date=13 October 2012 |newspaper=Stockhouse |date=24 September 2012 |agency=Royal Bank of Canada |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archve.today/20130203051109/http://www.stockhouse.com/news/canadianreleasesdetail.aspx?n=8622326 |archive-date=3 February 2013}}</ref> Kamfanin kera kayan iyo na gasa Arena ya ɗauki nauyin Mortimer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sponsors |url=http://summermortimer.com/sponsors/ |work=Summer Mortimer |access-date=4 January 2014 |location=[Hamilton, ON] |year=2014 |archive-date=4 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104224640/http://summermortimer.com/sponsors/ |url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 2012, ta bayyana a bainar jama'a game da wahalar da ita da kawunta suka fuskanta wajen samun tallafi tun daga Worlds na 2010.<ref name=2012-11-02-sponsorless /> Mortimer ta ce 'yan wasan Paralympics ba sa samun kuɗin kyauta, duk da dubban dalolin da gwamnati ke bai wa 'yan wasan Olympics da suka yi nasara da masu horar da su. Ta gaya wa ''The Hamilton Spectator'', "Muna samun tafa a baya da kuma saƙon aikin kirki daga Stephen Harper. Abin takaici ne. Ku yarda da ni, daga kasancewa 'yar wasa marar nakasa zuwa 'yar wasan Paralympics, hakan yana fusata ni",<ref name=2012-11-02-sponsorless /> sannan ta ce tana samun tallafin gwamnati na dala 3,000 a shekara.<ref name=2012-11-02-sponsorless /> Komawarta zuwa wurin iyo ya haɗa da gasar Cam Am Para Swimming ta ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2014, inda ta lashe lambobin zinare uku.<ref>{{cite news |title=Huot and Mortimer on Track for Super Seasons After Wins at Can Ams |url=http://www.paralympic.org/news/huot-and-mortimer-track-super-seasons-after-wins-can-ams |access-date=6 October 2014 |work=IPC Swimming |publisher=International Paralympic Committee |date=11 April 2014 |archive-date=9 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009100621/http://www.paralympic.org/news/huot-and-mortimer-track-super-seasons-after-wins-can-ams |url-status=live}}</ref> ===<span class="anchor" id="Para-swimming for the Netherlands"></span>Paraswimming ga Netherlands=== A shekarar 2013, Mortimer ta nemi komawa tawagar ƙasar Netherlands; saboda mahaifiyarta 'yar ƙasar ce, tana da ɗan ƙasa biyu. A watan Yuni 2014, ''Hamilton Spectator'' ta bayar da rahoton wannan sauyin.<ref name=thespec-move>{{cite news |last1=Radley |first1=Scott |title=Paralympian swimmer to cross the Atlantic ocean |url=http://www.thespec.com/sports-story/4586173-paralympian-swimmer-to-cross-the-atlantic-ocean/ |access-date=5 July 2014 |work=Hamilton Spectator |date=18 June 2014}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Duk da cewa tallafin yau da kullum a Netherlands ya yi kama da na Kanada, Netherlands tana ba da kuɗin kyauta ga masu nasara; a Paralympics na 2012, Mortimer za ta samu dala 60,000 saboda lambobin zinare da ta lashe kaɗai.<ref name=thespec-move /> Za ta yi atisaye a Amersfoort.<ref name=thespec-move /> Ta yi nasara a IPC Swimming European Championships na watan Agusta 2014 a Eindhoven. Bayan ta karya tarihin mata na tseren mita 50 freestyle a wasannin share fage na safe, Mortimer ta sake rage shi zuwa 28.12 a wasan ƙarshe.<ref>{{cite news |title=Home hero Evers smashes world record to take Euro gold |url=http://www.paralympic.org/news/home-hero-evers-smashes-world-record-take-euro-gold |work=IPC Swimming |publisher=International Paralympic Committee |date=4 August 2014 |access-date=6 October 2014 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006133514/http://www.paralympic.org/news/home-hero-evers-smashes-world-record-take-euro-gold |url-status=live}}</ref> A tseren mita 100 na backstroke na S10, ta karya tarihin Turai a wasannin share fage na safe, sannan ta sake karya shi a wasan ƙarshe. Duk da cewa ta lashe lambar zinare, ta gaya wa shafin IPC cewa: "Ina son tarihin duniya. Ban gamsu ba, ban yi farin ciki sosai ba. Wannan ba cikakkiyar gasa ba ce. Amma wannan wata hanya ce ta auna don ganin inda nake."<ref>{{cite news |title=Double world records at swimming Euros |url=http://www.paralympic.org/news/double-world-records-swimming-euros |access-date=6 October 2014 |work=IPC Swimming |publisher=International Paralympic Committee |date=8 September 2014 |archive-date=9 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009095153/http://www.paralympic.org/news/double-world-records-swimming-euros |url-status=live}}</ref> ===Kyaututtuka=== ''The Big Splash'' (daga Swimming Canada) * 2011: 'Yar wasan Para-Swimming ta Mata ta Shekara; mahaifinta ya kasance Kocin Para-Mata na Shekara<ref>{{cite web |title=2011 Big Splash: Para-female swimmer and coach of the Year |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=McpPLMJsSlk |work=swimmingcanada channel |publisher=YouTube |access-date=1 September 2012 |author=Swimming Canada |location=Ottawa ON |date=30 November 2011 |archive-date=11 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511062638/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=McpPLMJsSlk |url-status=live}}</ref> * 2012: TAS Para-Swimming Female Swimmer of the Year<ref>{{cite news |title=Cochrane, McCabe among honourees at Big Splash Awards |url=https://www.swimming.ca/NewsArticle.aspx?newsid=3451 |access-date=5 July 2014 |work=Swimming Canada |date=26 November 2012 |location=Ottawa |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714194915/https://www.swimming.ca/NewsArticle.aspx?newsid=3451 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Keith |first=Braden |title=Swimming Canada Names New BOD, Announces 'Big Splash' Nominees |url=http://swimswam.com/swimming-canada-names-new-bod-announces-big-splash-nominees/ |access-date=3 November 2012 |newspaper=Swim Swam |date=22 October 2012 |location=Austin TX |archive-date=6 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906143255/http://swimswam.com/swimming-canada-names-new-bod-announces-big-splash-nominees/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Ontario Sport Award'' (daga Sport Alliance Ontario) * 2011: 'Yar Wasan Mata mai Nakasa ta Shekara<ref name=TheSpec-OSA /><ref group=note>Mahaifin Mortimer an zaɓe shi domin kyautar Male Coach of the Year ta Ontario Sport Award, amma ya sha kaye a hannun Anthony McCleary, kocin wasannin guje-guje. (Moko, "Different strokes". ''The Hamilton Spectator''.)</ref> * 2012: 'Yar Wasan Mata mai Nakasa ta Shekara;<ref name=CBC-2013-OSA-win>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/headlines/hamilton-paralympian-summer-mortimer-tops-ontario-sport-awards-1.1401814 |title=Hamilton paralympian Summer Mortimer tops Ontario Sport Awards |access-date=18 May 2013 |newspaper=CBC News Hamilton |date=19 April 2013 |location=Hamilton ON |archive-date=22 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422022720/http://www.cbc.ca/hamilton/news/story/2013/04/19/hamilton-summer-mortimer-paralympics.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2012 Ontario Sport Awards Winners |url=http://www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/sport/sport/awards_winners_2012.shtml |work=Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport |publisher=Province of Ontario |access-date=18 May 2013 |location=Toronto |year=2013 |archive-date=24 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424234546/http://www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/sport/sport/awards_winners_2012.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref> kocinta, Reg Chappell, shi ne Kocin Maza na Shekara.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coaches of the Year named at Ontario Sport Awards |url=http://www.coachesontario.ca/news/coaches-of-the-year-named-at-ontario-sport-awards/ |archive-url=https://arhive.today/20130616080817/http://www.coachesontario.ca/news/coaches-of-the-year-named-at-ontario-sport-awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 16, 2013 |access-date=18 May 2013 |newspaper=Coaches Ontario |date=19 April 2013 |location=Toronto |quote=Mr. Chappell coached Summer Mortimer, a world record holder and world champion, to a spot on the Canadian Paralympic Team at the London 2012 Olympic Games, where he was also a member of Canada’s coaching staff.}}</ref> ''Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal'' (2012)<ref>{{cite news |title=Athletes returning from London Games get hero's welcome in Parliament |url=http://www.thespec.com/sports/local/article/802575--athletes-returning-from-london-games-get-hero-s-welcome-in-parliament |access-date=6 October 2012 |newspaper=The Spectator |date=19 September 2012 |agency=The Canadian Press |location=Hamilton ON |archive-date=7 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007022230/http://www.thespec.com/sports/local/article/802575--athletes-returning-from-london-games-get-hero-s-welcome-in-parliament |url-status=live}}</ref><ref group=note>An ba Mortimer da sauran 'yan wasan Kanada da suka fafata a wasannin Olympics na 2012 da Paralympics na 2012 wannan lambar yabo. ("Athletes returning from London Games get hero’s welcome in Parliament". ''The Hamilton Spectator''.)</ref> Mortimer, Melissa Tancredi da Cory Conacher an zaɓe su a matsayin waɗanda aka nema domin kyautar 2013 Golden Horseshoe Athlete of the Year ga mazauna Hamilton ko Burlington.<ref>{{cite news |last=Radley |first=Scott |title=Hamilton's top athlete this year will truly have earned the award |url=http://www.thespec.com/sports/local/article/866966--hamilton-s-top-athlete-this-year-will-truly-have-earned-the-award |access-date=29 January 2013 |newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |date=10 January 2013 |location=Hamilton ON |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127074603/http://www.thespec.com/sports/local/article/866966--hamilton-s-top-athlete-this-year-will-truly-have-earned-the-award |url-status=live}}</ref> Tancredi ce ta lashe kyautar.<ref>{{cite news |last=Radley |first=Scott |title=Tancredi named Golden Horseshoe Athlete of the Year |url=http://www.thespec.com/sports/article/895589--tancredi-named-golden-horseshoe-athlete-of-the-year |access-date=9 March 2013 |newspaper=The Spectator |date=1 March 2013 |location=Hamilton ON |archive-date=5 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305112727/http://www.thespec.com/sports/article/895589--tancredi-named-golden-horseshoe-athlete-of-the-year |url-status=live}}</ref> Marubucin shafi Dave Feschuk na ''Toronto Star'' ya lissafa Mortimer a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ake ganin za su iya samun 2012 Lou Marsh Trophy (wanda Christine Sinclair ta lashe).<ref>{{cite news |last=Feschuk |first=Dave |url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/2012/12/10/lou_marsh_award_sizing_up_the_contenders_feschuk.html |title=Lou Marsh Award: Sizing up the contenders: Feschuk |location=Toronto |work=Toronto Star |access-date=2017-09-15 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073017/http://www.thestar.com/sports/2012/12/10/lou_marsh_award_sizing_up_the_contenders_feschuk.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/christine-sinclair-wins-lou-marsh-award-1.1212858 |title=Christine Sinclair wins Lou Marsh Award |website=CBC Sports |date=December 10, 2012 |access-date=November 23, 2014 |archive-date=December 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222163022/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/christine-sinclair-wins-lou-marsh-award-1.1212858 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Sana'ar fasaha da watsa shirye-shirye== A shekara ta 2012, Mortimer ta zana hotunan littafin ''The Night I Met the Boogie Man'', wanda tagwayen 'yar uwarta Julia ta rubuta,<ref name=CP-24Aug-profile /><ref>{{cite news |last=Lawson |first=Brent |title=Easing kids' fears of the dark |url=http://www.thespec.com/living/healthfitness/article/309687--easing-kids-fears-of-the-dark |access-date=1 September 2012 |newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |date=7 January 2012 |location=Hamilton ON |archive-date=8 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108042913/http://www.thespec.com/living/healthfitness/article/309687--easing-kids-fears-of-the-dark |url-status=live}}</ref> sannan ta kuma ƙirƙiri zane-zanen bango.<ref name=CP-24Aug-profile /> A shekara ta 2012, an saka ayyukan fasahar Mortimer cikin baje kolin fasahar 'yan wasan Kanada mai suna Talent Supporting Talent Canadian Athlete Art Exhibit, wanda aka shirya domin tara kuɗi a Jane Roos Gallery da ke Toronto.<ref>{{cite web |title=Talent Supporting Talent Canadian Athlete Art Exhibit Art Exhibit |url=http://www.canadianathletesnow.ca/current-events/talent-supporting-talent-art-exhibit.html |work=CanFund |access-date=17 October 2012 |location=Toronto ON |year=2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926005620/http://www.canadianathletesnow.ca/current-events/talent-supporting-talent-art-exhibit.html |archive-date=26 September 2012}})</ref> Baje kolin fasaharta na farko ita kaɗai ya gudana a Station Coffee House and Gallery a shekara ta 2015.<ref name=jazz /> Bayan kammala sana'ar ninkaya, Mortimer ta sake mayar da hankalinta kan fasahohi, ciki har da fasahar gani da fasahar wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta zama ɗalibar Vocal Performance a Mohawk College. Ta gano sha'awarta ga wasan kwaikwayo ne lokacin da take aiki a matsayin mai koyar da murya da mataimakiyar daraktar kiɗa a Burlington Student Theatre.<ref name=jazz>{{Cite web |url=https://jazz.fm/summer-mortimer/ |title=Summer Mortimer |date=30 April 2018 |access-date=2019-06-29 |archive-date=2019-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629120922/https://jazz.fm/summer-mortimer/ |url-status=live}}</ref> A shekara ta 2020, ta kasance cikin 'yan wasan Drury Lane Theatrical Productions na ''Little Shop of Horrors''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Gary |title=Drury Lane theatre starts live performance of "Little Shop of Horrors" |url=https://www.thespec.com/entertainment/opinion/2020/11/05/drury-lane-theatre-starts-live-performance-of-little-shop-of-horrors.html |access-date=17 May 2021 |work=The Hamilton Spectator |date=5 November 2020 |location=Hamilton ON |archive-date=17 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517014822/https://www.thespec.com/entertainment/opinion/2020/11/05/drury-lane-theatre-starts-live-performance-of-little-shop-of-horrors.html |url-status=live}}</ref> An gabatar da ita a matsayin 'yar takara a Kyaututtukan Fasaha na Birnin Hamilton na 2019, a rukunin Emerging Media Arts Award.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hamilton.ca/government-information/news-centre/news-releases/announcing-110-city-hamilton-arts-awards-nominees |title=Announcing 110 City of Hamilton Arts Awards Nominees for 2019 |access-date=2019-06-29 |archive-date=2019-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629114814/https://www.hamilton.ca/government-information/news-centre/news-releases/announcing-110-city-hamilton-arts-awards-nominees |url-status=live}}</ref> Mortimer ta yi aiki a matsayin "mai wasan gimbiya" ga kamfanin nishaɗi Forever Fairest.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hamilton-today.com/entertainment/hamilton-model-series-summer-mortimer/ |title=Hamilton Model Series – Summer Mortimer |access-date=2019-06-29 |archive-date=2019-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629121418/http://www.hamilton-today.com/entertainment/hamilton-model-series-summer-mortimer/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 2021, an zaɓi Mortimer a matsayin mai bayar da rahoto daga gefen wurin ninkaya ga gasar ninkaya a Wasannin Olympics,<ref>Summer Mortimer, "[https://www.instagram.com/p/CObXcN6nPNI/ Hey guys, I’ve got some stellar news! I’m heading to the Tokyo 2020ne Olympic Games with CBC to cover our Canadian athletes down at the pool! I can’t wait to see what our athletes have in store, and look forward to keeping you all in the loop reporting down on the Aquatics floor! 🌊 🏊‍♀️ @cbcolympics @cbc.sports @olympics @teamcanada]", Instagram, May 3, 2021.</ref> sannan ta kasance mai sharhi a ɗakin studio yayin watsa shirye-shiryen Wasannin Paralympics a CBC da AMI-tv.<ref>"[https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/canada-celebrates-100-days-to-tokyo-paralympic-games-825939768.html Canada celebrates 100 days to Tokyo Paralympic Games] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517011736/https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/canada-celebrates-100-days-to-tokyo-paralympic-games-825939768.html |date=2021-05-17 }}", Canadian Paralympic Committee press release, May 16, 2021.</ref> Ta dawo ta kasance tare da Scott Russell wajen gabatar da shirye-shiryen kai tsaye daga ɗakin studio don bukukuwan buɗewa da rufewa da kuma shirye-shiryen manyan abubuwan yau da kullum, a lokacin Wasannin Paralympics na hunturu na 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Broadcast and digital coverage to bring all the action from 2022 Paralympic Winter Games to audiences across Canada |url=https://paralympic.ca/news/broadcast-and-digital-coverage-bring-all-action-2022-paralympic-winter-games-audiences-across |website=Canadian Paralympic Committee |access-date=4 March 2022 |location=Ottawa ON |date=2 March 2022}}</ref> Daga 2024 zuwa 2025, ta kasance mai gabatar da shirye-shirye a Sportsnet.<ref>{{cite web |title=Summer Mortimer PLY |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/summer-mortimer-ply-9108535b/?originalSubdomain=ca |access-date=22 June 2025 |date=2025}}</ref> ==Rayuwar kanta== {{Quote box |width = 30em |border = 1px |align = right |bgcolor = #c6dbf7 |fontsize = 100% |title_bg = |title_fnt = |title = |quote = Ba na tunanin ina kama da mai nakasa. Ina ɓoye hakan sosai. Saboda ba na nuna ciwo, ina samun suka da yawa. Yi haƙuri. Ni mai taurin kai ce kamar alfadari. Na sha abubuwa da yawa fiye da in nuna wata alamar rauni. |salign = right |source = Mortimer ga Canadian Press a shekara ta 2012<ref name=CP-24Aug-profile /> }} A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2008, jim kaɗan bayan gwajin zaɓen tawagar Olympics na wasan trampoline, Mortimer mai shekaru 15 ta kasa sauka cikin ramin soso bayan ta yi tsalle a kan ƙaramin trampoline, ta faɗi {{convert|15|ft}} zuwa kan wani shimfiɗar kankare;<ref name=CBCHamilton-29Aug /> iyayenta, waɗanda suke kallon gasar, sun ga hatsarin.<ref name=TheSpec-OSA /> Ƙasusuwan ƙafafunta sun farfashe, kuma likitoci suka ba da shawarar cewa ba za ta sake iya tsayawa da ƙafafunta ba.<ref name=CBCHamilton-29Aug /> Yanke ƙafa ma yana daga cikin yiwuwar,<ref name=CBCHamilton-29Aug /><ref name=CP-24Aug-profile /> duk da cewa Mortimer ba ta samu labarin hakan ba sai a shekara ta 2011.<ref name=CBC-2012-10-13>{{cite news |last=Rogers |first=Kaleigh |title=Gold medalist Hamilton grad inspires next generation |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/headlines/gold-medalist-hamilton-grad-inspires-next-generation-1.1149119 |access-date=13 October 2012 |newspaper=CBC Hamilton |date=13 October 2012 |location=Hamilton ON |quote=They even considered amputation. "I didn’t know that at the time," Mortimer said, speaking in front of the gym full of awestruck students. "My parents only told me that last year. I wasn’t too happy when I heard that." |archive-date=15 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015182731/http://www.cbc.ca/hamilton/news/story/2012/10/13/hamilton-summer-mortimer.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Ta shafe watanni shida tana amfani da keken guragu, sannan wasu watanni 18 tana amfani da sandunan tafiya. Ƙafar dama ta Mortimer tana da dunƙule shida da faranti guda ɗaya, yayin da ƙafarta ta hagu take da dunƙule biyu; idon sawunta suna ci gaba da ciwo, kuma a wasu lokuta suna kullewa.<ref name=VS-31Aug /> A lokacin Wasannin Paralympics ta gaya wa Canadian Press cewa ƙafafunta suna "kashe" ta,<ref name=TheSpec-31Aug /> kuma yanayinta yana ƙara lalacewa.<ref name=CP-24Aug-profile /> Lokacin da aka cire mata abin da aka sa a ƙafafunta, an yi mata gyaran tafiya a cikin ruwa, kuma tana ganin cewa ba za ta iya tafiya ba tare da wannan gyaran da aka yi a cikin ruwa ba.<ref name=galloway/> Kafin raunin, tana yin atisayen ninkaya sau 10 a mako a cikin wurin ninkaya (tana yin ninkayar {{convert|6|-|7|km}} a kowane zama), ban da ɗaga nauyi da gudu. Bayan hatsarin, adadin da take ninkaya a wurin ninkaya na YMCA na yankinsu a mako ya kai {{convert|30|to|40|km}}, tare da zama huɗu a ɗakin atisayen ɗaga nauyi.<ref name="setssights" /> Nakasa da take da ita ba kasafai masu kallo suke ganewa ba, kuma a cewar Canadian Press tana tafiya da "salon tafiya kusan na al'ada."<ref name=CP-24Aug-profile /> ''Sportsnet Magazine'' ta zaɓi Mortimer domin fitowar mujallar ta 2013 mai taken "Beauty of Sport", kuma an ɗauki hotonta a Las Vegas sanye da kayan ninkaya na bikini. Ta yi fatan ƙara sha'awar mutane ga wasannin Paralympics da kuma bikin nuna jikin dukkan 'yan wasa.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilkinson-Minks |first=Julia |title=Summer Mortimer Sheds Some Light in Revealing Photo Shoot |url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/Commentary/35263.asp?q=Summer-Mortimer-Sheds-Some-Light-in-Revealing-Photo-Shoot |access-date=27 July 2013 |newspaper=SwimmingWORLD |date=26 July 2013 |location=Sedona AZ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109163801/http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/Commentary/35263.asp?q=Summer-Mortimer-Sheds-Some-Light-in-Revealing-Photo-Shoot |archive-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> Ta kammala karatu daga Westmount Secondary School.<ref name=CBCHamilton-29Aug /> An sanya mata suna ne bisa sunan Summer Sanders, wata 'yar wasan ninkaya ta Olympics 'yar Amurka<ref name="setssights">{{cite news |title=Paralympics countdown: Mortimer sets sights on gold in the pool |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/paralympics-countdown-mortimer-sets-sights-on-gold-in-the-pool-1.689940 |access-date=6 October 2014 |work=CTV.ca |agency=The Canadian Press |date=29 August 2011 |archive-date=10 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010120017/http://www.ctvnews.ca/paralympics-countdown-mortimer-sets-sights-on-gold-in-the-pool-1.689940 |url-status=dead}}</ref> wadda ta lashe lambobin yabo huɗu (biyu na zinariya, ɗaya na azurfa da ɗaya na tagulla) a Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1992 a Barcelona, shekara ɗaya kafin a haifi Mortimer. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] 2bfev8r5wbex2g95qe8dj9zpj7pqtpt Mahesh Murthy 0 177622 967760 960880 2026-10-15T03:31:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mahesh Murthy''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 1965) [[Kasuwancin yanar gizo|ɗan kasuwa ne]] na Indiya, ɗan kasuwa, kuma mai saka hannun jari . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kamfanin dijital Pinstorm. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Mahesh Murthy kuma ya girma a cikin dangin Tamil Brahmin . Mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Indiya kuma ya yi ritaya a matsayin Kanar. An karɓe Murthty a Jami'ar Osmania don yin karatun injiniyan sinadarai, inda ya daina karatu yana da shekaru 17.<ref name="rediff">{{Cite web |title=Murthy: From college dropout to big entrepreneur |url=https://www.rediff.com/money/2006/sep/26inter.htm |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> <ref name="businsider">{{Cite web |last=Dubey |first=Tanya |title=Mahesh Murthy's Unique Art of Survival- From Being a Vacuum Salesman to an Ace Investor |url=http://www.businessinsider.in/Exclusive-Mahesh-Murthys-Unique-Art-of-Survival-From-Being-a-Vacuum-Salesman-to-an-Ace-Investor/articleshow/58177182.cms |access-date=17 October 2017 |website=Business Insider |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017202322/http://www.businessinsider.in/Exclusive-Mahesh-Murthys-Unique-Art-of-Survival-From-Being-a-Vacuum-Salesman-to-an-Ace-Investor/articleshow/58177182.cms |archive-date=17 October 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sana'a == Bayan ya bar jami'a, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sayar da injin tsabtace gida a Eureka Forbes, daga baya ya kafa kamfaninsa na farko, kamfanin tsaftace gida mai suna Vaclean. <ref name="rediff" /> Ya yi aiki a kamfanin talla na FCB (a lokacin FCB/Ulka) da kuma Grey Advertising (a lokacin Trikaya Grey) a Indiya, inda ya lashe kyaututtuka da dama na talla saboda aikinsa a HCL, Network da sauran abokan ciniki. Daga nan sai ya koma Ogilvy &amp;amp; Mather, Hong Kong a matsayin shugaban kirkire-kirkire ga abokan ciniki a faɗin Asiya. A lokacin da yake Hong Kong, a shekarar 1993, ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni a wani shiri na fina-finai shida na MTV tare da Shashanka Ghosh, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eminent Bafians |url=http://www.bafians.com/eminent/Shashanka_Ghosh.htm |access-date=3 November 2017 |website=Bafians}}</ref> wanda suka lashe kyautar New Directors Showcase a Cannes Lions . Daga nan ya koma CKS Partners a Portland a matsayin Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire da Babban Manaja, inda ya yi aiki a kan UI na farko na zane-zane na [[Yahoo!|Yahoo!,]] kuma daga baya ya jagoranci aikin ƙirar yanar gizo da kuma tallata kamfen ɗin "Babban Shagon Littattafai na Duniya" na [[Amazon (kamfani)|Amazon.com]] . Daga nan sai ya koma daga talla zuwa kasuwancin e-commerce, a matsayin mataimakin shugaban tallatawa na iCat, mai buga manhajar e-commerce da ke Seattle wanda Intel ya saya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 1998 |title=Intel To Acquire iCat |url=https://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/1998/Cn113098.htm |publisher=Intel}}</ref> Daga nan aka ɗauki Murthy aiki daga Amurka sannan aka dawo Indiya don ya jagoranci abokin hamayyarsa zuwa MTV, wani tashar talabijin ta kiɗan Indiya mai suna Channel V. <ref name="rediff" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Manaja na Indiya kuma ya taimaka wajen ƙirƙira da ƙaddamar da shafin yanar gizon matasa na al'umma, vIndia.com. A shekara ta 2000, Murthy ta kafa wani asusun tallafi na Angel, Passionfund, wanda ke ba da tallafi ga kamfanoni kamar Compassbox, Tulleeho, WebDunia, Geodesic da EBSDirect. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Mahesh Murthy's Unique Art of Survival- From Being a Vacuum Salesman to an Ace Investor |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/mahesh-murthys-unique-art-of-survival-from-being-a-vacuum-salesman-to-an-ace-investor/articleshow/58177182.cms |website=Business Insider}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Murthy ya rubuta ginshiƙai a ''Business Today'' da ''BusinessWorld'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2007 |title=Do-it-yourself web advertising |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/doityourself-web-advertising-12225-2007-05-17 |website=Business Today}}</ref> Ya kuma rubuta ginshiƙai a cikin ''Jaridar Wall Street'' . Mahesh ɗan kasuwa ne a makarantar kasuwanci ta duniya INSEAD, inda ya koyar da harkokin kasuwanci. A shekara ta 2004, ya kafa kamfanin tallan dijital na Pinstorm. <ref name="khaleej">{{Cite web |last=Mohan |first=Shivani |title=Mahesh Murthy: Maverick Marketeer |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/business/mahesh-murthy-maverick-marketeer |website=Khaleej Times}}</ref> Hedikwatar Pinstorm tana [[Mumbai]] kuma tana da ofisoshi a [[Amsterdam]] da [[Kathmandu]] . <ref name="khaleej" /> Pinstorm yana cikin kamfanonin talla na farko a duniya da suka fara aiwatar da tallan da aka biya don aiki. <ref name="khaleej" /> An zaɓe shi a matsayin " Bayanin Ikon LinkedIn " na Indiya a shekarar 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2012 |title=LinkedIn releases list of most viewed profiles in India |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/linkedin-releases-list-of-most-viewed-profiles-in-india-524968.html |website=News18}}</ref> An kuma zaɓe shi a matsayin "Babban Marubuci" ta Quora a shekarar 2014. A shekarar 2014, kamfaninsa Pinstorm ya yi aiki a jam'iyyar Aam Aadmi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2014 |title=How big data has changed India elections |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/04/10/how-big-data-have-changed-india-elections.html |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> Daga baya, sai kwatsam aka samu yawaitar zarge-zargen cin zarafin mata a kansa, wanda aka shigar a gaban Hukumar Mata ta Ƙasa, wata ƙungiya da jam'iyya mai mulki a Indiya ke kula da ita. Mahesh ya musanta dukkan zarge-zargen. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2018 |title=Complaint before NCW against Mahesh Murthy alleges rape; new harassment cases emerge |url=https://archive.factordaily.com/ncw-rape-complaint-mahesh-murthy/}}</ref> 'Yan sandan Mumbai sun shigar da ƙara a kansa, wanda daga baya Kotun Koli ta Mumbai ta soke shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2019 |title=Bombay HC quashes sexual harassment proceedings against Mahesh Murthy |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bombay-hc-quashes-sexual-harassment-proceedings-against-mahesh-murthy-6001380/}}</ref> Mahesh ya kuma yi adawa da shirin Facebook Free Basics a Indiya na yin bincike kyauta ga talakawa kawai a shafukan da [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] ya amince da su, wanda ya kira "mulkin mallaka na dijital". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murthy |first=Mahesh |date=29 December 2015 |title=What Facebook is Hiding About Free Basics |url=https://www.thequint.com/tech-and-auto/tech-news/what-facebook-is-hiding-about-activist-resistance-to-free-basics |website=TheQuint}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook's Rebuttal to Mahesh Murthy on Free Basics, with Replies |url=https://thewire.in/tech/facebooks-rebuttal-to-mahesh-murthy-on-free-basics-with-replies |website=The Wire}}</ref> Ya taimaka wajen kafa wani gagarumin yunkuri na kafa gwamnati wanda daga ƙarshe ya sa hukumar kula da harkokin sadarwa ta Indiya, Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Sadarwa ta Indiya (TRAI) ta haramta shi, sannan Facebook ta janye shirye-shiryenta - ba wai kawai a Indiya ba, har ma a wasu wurare. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2016 |title=TRAI says no to Facebook's Free Basics, supports net neutrality |url=https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/trai-s-says-no-to-content-based-differential-tariff-offers-supports-net-neutrality-story-1pOAI14aHvXYRu3AQNzMjP.html |website=HT Tech}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2017 |title='It's digital colonialism': how Facebook's free internet service has failed its users |url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jul/27/facebook-free-basics-developing-markets |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Kwanan nan Mahesh ya sanar da saka hannun jarinsa a cikin sabon tsarin sararin samaniya. A shekarar 2017, ya zuba jari a Exseed Space, wanda daga baya ya sake masa suna Satellize, wani kamfani da ya kafa tarihi ta hanyar harba tauraron dan adam na farko na Indiya zuwa sararin samaniya, a cikin jirgin SpaceX . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Race for space: Startups take to the sky with satellites, rocket engine - Up, up and away! |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/features/race-for-space-startups-take-to-the-sky-with-satellites-rocket-engine/bringing-down-the-cost-of-the-satellites/slideshow/77517420.cms |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> Tun daga lokacin ne aka ƙaddamar da Exseed Space a kan PSLV na ISRO kuma ISRO ta zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin da aka zaɓa don haɗawa, haɗawa da gwada manyan tauraron ɗan adam ɗinsa, masu nauyin kilogiram 2,000 da ƙari. <ref name="thewire">{{Cite web |title=SpaceShare, a New Indian Project to Democratise Access to Space – the Wire Science |url=https://science.thewire.in/aerospace/spaceshare-satellize-isro-pslv-ps4/}}</ref> Exseed Space ta kasance cikin ƙungiyar da ta taimaka wa wani kamfani na haɗin gwiwa wajen gina GSAT-30, GSAT-31 da RISAT 1A, waɗanda aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 2021. <ref name="thewire" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sh4qs72xlfpingln0juvsdvofazpf1f Malala 0 177845 967793 961809 2026-10-15T08:26:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 13 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=Malala|settlement_type=Town and electoral ward|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[Nigeria]]|subdivision_type1=State|subdivision_name1=[[Gombe State]]|subdivision_type2=Local Government Area|subdivision_name2=[[Dukku]]|government_type=Registration Area|postal_code=760105|timezone=WAT|utc_offset=+1}} '''Malala''' yanki ne da kuma Registration Area (ward) da ke cikin [[Dukku Local Government Area]] ta [[Gombe State]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Nigeria]]. Hukumar Zaɓe ta Ƙasa ta Najeriya (INEC) ta ware Malala a matsayin Registration Area mai lamba 06 a cikin Dukku Local Government Area. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Malala tana daga cikin wards 11 na Dukku Local Government Area. Sauran wards ɗin sun haɗa da [[Gombe Abba]], [[Hashidu]], [[Jamari]], [[Kunde]], [[Lafiya]], Waziri North, Waziri South/Central, [[Wuro Tale]], [[Zange]] da [[Zaune]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Eduweb}}</ref> == Matsayi da gudanarwa == A tsarin gudanarwar zaɓe, Malala tana da lambar 15/04/06, inda 15 ke wakiltar Jihar Gombe, 04 ke wakiltar Dukku Local Government Area, sannan 06 ke wakiltar Malala Registration Area. Wannan tsarin lambar ya bayyana a cikin kundin INEC na polling units na Jihar Gombe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A kundin INEC da aka sake dubawa a watan Janairun 2015, Malala tana da polling units 24. Daga baya, bayanan da aka sabunta sun ƙara polling units guda biyu, wato Ganawaji Primary School I da Burari Kofar Mai Anguwa I, wanda ya sa adadin ya kai 26 a jerin bayanan da aka sabunta. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Eduweb}}</ref> == Wuraren da ke ƙarƙashin Malala == Kundin INEC ya lissafa wurare da dama a ƙarƙashin Malala Registration Area. Daga cikinsu akwai Unguwar Baba Hassan, Unguwar Galadima, Unguwar Bauchi, Unguwar Madaki, Auyakari, Chiroma Bakau, Kowagol, Dokoroyel, Ganawaji, Jauro Abbu, Jauro Goje, Wuro Bundu, Birishe, Waloji, Gadum Bawa, Lariski, Burari, Gadum Mala, Duggiri, Bakau Tambajam, Tilde, Dalari/Betori da Jauro Bako. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Unguwar Baba Hassan na daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin Malala ward, kuma INEC ta sanya Malala Area Court a matsayin wurin kaɗa kuri'a na wannan yankin. Unguwar Galadima kuma tana da Malala Maternity, yayin da Unguwar Bauchi take da Malala Dispensary. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Unguwar Madaki tana da Malala Primary School a matsayin wurin kaɗa kuri'a. Auyakari kuma yana da wurin kaɗa kuri'a a Kofar Mai Unguwa, yayin da Chiroma Bakau yake da wurin kaɗa kuri'a a Kofar Chiroma. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kowagol yana da polling unit a Primary School, yayin da Dokoroyel yake da wurin kaɗa kuri'a a Kofar Sarki. Ganawaji ma yana da Primary School da aka ware a matsayin polling unit, sannan Jauro Abbu da Jauro Goje suna da wuraren kaɗa kuri'a a Kofar Jauro da Kofar Jauro Goje. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sauran wuraren da ke cikin Malala sun haɗa da Wuro Bundu, Birishe, Waloji, Gadum Bawa, Lariski, Burari, Gadum Mala, Duggiri, Bakau Tambajam, Tilde, Dalari/Betori da Jauro Bako. Waɗannan wurare suna cikin jerin polling units na Malala Registration Area da INEC ta wallafa. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wuraren kaɗa kuri'a == A kundin INEC na 2015, Malala tana da polling units 24, daga lamba 15/04/06/001 zuwa 15/04/06/024. Daga cikin su akwai Malala Area Court, Malala Maternity, Malala Dispensary, Malala Primary School, Auyakari, Chiroma Bakau, Kowagol, Dokoroyel, Ganawaji da Jauro Abbu. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sauran polling units ɗin sun haɗa da Jauro Goje, Wuro Bundu, Birishe, Waloji, Gadum Bawa, Lariski, Burari, Gadum Mala, Duggiri, Bakau Tambajam, Tilde, Dalari/Betori da Jauro Bako. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayanan da aka sabunta sun nuna cewa an ƙara Ganawaji Primary School I da Burari Kofar Mai Anguwa I a matsayin sabbin polling units. Saboda haka, jerin bayanan da aka sabunta ya nuna cewa Malala tana da polling units 26. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Eduweb}}</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun firamare suna daga cikin cibiyoyin da aka yi amfani da su a matsayin wuraren kaɗa kuri'a a Malala. Daga cikinsu akwai Malala Primary School, Kowagol Primary School, Ganawaji Primary School, Waloji Primary School, Burari Primary School da Duggiri Primary School. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ganawaji Primary School ta samu ƙarin polling unit a cikin jerin bayanan da aka sabunta, inda Ganawaji Primary School I aka ƙara a matsayin sabon polling unit. Wannan ƙarin ya bayyana a cikin bayanan polling units na Malala da aka sabunta. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Eduweb}}</ref> == Lafiya == Akwai cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da aka ambata a cikin sunayen polling units na Malala. Daga cikinsu akwai Malala Maternity da ke Unguwar Galadima da Malala Dispensary da ke Unguwar Bauchi. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kasancewar waɗannan wurare a cikin kundin polling units yana tabbatar da cewa akwai cibiyoyin da ake danganta su da kiwon lafiya a yankin, amma bayanan INEC kaɗai ba su bayyana cikakken tarihin kafuwarsu, yawan ma'aikata ko yawan marasa lafiyar da suke kula da su ba. Saboda haka ba a ƙara irin waɗannan bayanai ba tare da wani tushe mai inganci ba. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Zaɓe == Malala tana cikin Dukku North Constituency na tsarin wakilcin zaɓe na Jihar Gombe. Kundin INEC na bayanan zaɓen 2015 ya nuna cewa Dukku North ta ƙunshi Hashidu, Jamari, Lafiya, Malala, Wuro Tale da Zaune. <ref>{{cite web |title=2015 General Elections Information Kit |url=https://wp1.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2015-GENERAL-ELECTIONS-INFO-KIT-.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission}}</ref> A cikin bayanan sakamakon zaɓe da aka tattara a matakin ward, Malala tana da polling units 26 a bayanan da aka sabunta. Wannan bayanin ya bambanta da kundin INEC na 2015 wanda ya lissafa polling units 24, saboda an ƙara wasu sabbin polling units daga baya. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Eduweb}}</ref> Bayanan sakamakon zaɓe da aka tattara daga wasu majiyoyi sun nuna cewa an wakilci polling units na Malala a cikin bayanan sakamakon zaɓen Dukku. Duk da haka, sakamakon zaɓe na hukuma ya kamata a samo shi daga INEC idan ana son amfani da shi a matsayin tushen ƙarshe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Dukku election results |url=https://mundx.com/ng/gombe/dukku/ |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Mundx}}</ref> == Muhimmancin Malala a tsarin Dukku == Malala na daga cikin manyan sassan gudanarwar zaɓe na Dukku Local Government Area. Matsayinta na Registration Area mai lamba 06 ya sanya ta cikin tsarin da INEC ke amfani da shi wajen rarraba polling units da gudanar da zaɓe a ƙaramar hukumar. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A tsarin wakilcin zaɓe na Jihar Gombe, Malala tana cikin Dukku North tare da Hashidu, Jamari, Lafiya, Wuro Tale da Zaune. Wannan tsarin yana nuna yadda wards na Dukku suke shiga cikin tsarin zaɓen wakilan al'umma a matakin jihar. <ref>{{cite web |title=2015 General Elections Information Kit |url=https://wp1.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2015-GENERAL-ELECTIONS-INFO-KIT-.pdf |access-date=2 October 2026 |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Dukku]] * [[Gombe State]] * [[Gombe Abba]] * [[Hashidu]] * [[Jamari]] * [[Kunde]] * [[Lafiya]] * [[Wuro Tale]] * [[Zange]] * [[Zaune]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} moy71o6shwuzmmdc46py8zdl2g417q7 Maitunku 0 178048 967778 962363 2026-10-15T04:31:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967778 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maitunku''' ƙauye ne da ke cikin [[Balanga (Gombe)|Ƙaramar Hukumar Balanga]], a [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Ƙauyen yana ƙarƙashin yankin Daduya Hill na ƙaramar hukumar Balanga.<ref>[[:en:List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State|List of villages in Gombe State]], Wikipedia.</ref> == Wuri == Maitunku yana cikin yankin Daduya Hill na Ƙaramar Hukumar Balanga. An jera Maitunku tare da wasu ƙauyuka na yankin, waɗanda suka haɗa da [[Bormai Dadiya]], [[Dogon Dutse]], [[Dorawa]], [[Gadan Taba]], [[Kafin Bawa]], [[Lobware]], [[Lofiyo]], [[Lokulakuli]], [[Loluba]], [[Loteni]], [[Loyila]], [[Loyilme]], [[Sabara]], [[Sabon Layi]], [[Sabon Layi Maitunku]], [[Unguwan Magaji]], [[Yelwa]] da [[Yemfiyo]].<ref>[[:en:List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State|List of villages in Gombe State]], Wikipedia.</ref> A cikin kundin wuraren rumfunan zaɓe na Jihar Gombe, an ambaci '''Maitunku''' a matsayin wani wuri a yankin Dadiya na Ƙaramar Hukumar Balanga.<ref>[https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf PU Directory, Gombe State] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |date=2026-08-15 }}, Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC).</ref> == Lambar gidan waya (postcode) == Maitunku na da lambar gidan waya (postcode) '''761105'''. An sanya ƙauyen cikin yankin Daduya Hill, Balanga, Jihar Gombe.<ref>[https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/761105/?page=2 Browse Postcode 761105], Nigeria Postcode.</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> 2tnu5edygnlat6tf4o2li95uy13slg1 Al'adun Gargajiya na Tula 0 178164 967537 967417 2026-10-14T12:46:40Z Mahuta 11340 967537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Al'adun Gargajiya na Tula''' na nufin tarihi, harshe, bukukuwa, sarauta, sana'o'i, noma, abinci, kiɗe-kiɗe, raye-raye, tatsuniyoyi da sauran hanyoyin rayuwa da al'ummar Tula ta gada daga kakanninta. Tula tana cikin [[Kaltungo Local Government Area]] ta Jihar Gombe, kuma Tula Chiefdom tana daga cikin manyan hukumomin gargajiya na kudancin jihar. Takardun gwamnati sun bayyana Tula a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙabilun da ke zaune a Kaltungo Local Government Area tare da Kamo, Awak da Tangale. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Environmental and Social Project |url=https://moe.gm.gov.ng/images/GombeSESP2019.pdf |publisher=Gombe State Government |access-date=4 October 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == Tula tana da dogon tarihi wanda ya ƙunshi ƙaura, yaƙe-yaƙe, hulɗa da sauran al'ummomi da kuma kafa tsarin sarauta. Tarihin Tula ya kuma kasance yana da alaƙa da yankunan Baule, Yiri da Wange, waɗanda suke daga cikin manyan sassan Tula Chiefdom. <ref>{{cite news |title=Be more united, Mai Tula tasks subjects |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/united-mai-tula-tasks-subjects/ |work=Vanguard |date=24 January 2018}}</ref> Daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi shahara a tarihin Tula shi ne juriyar al'ummar wajen kare yankinsu. A cikin tarihin baka da ake dangantawa da Tula, ana yawan ambaton karin magana '''“Tula Maza Ba Tsoro”''', wadda ke nuna yadda ake kallon jarumtaka a matsayin wani ɓangare na tarihin al'ummar. Rahoton Vanguard ya kuma ambaci tsohon rikicin yaƙi tsakanin Tula da Masarautar Misau, wanda daga baya aka yi amfani da tarukan gargajiya wajen nuna sulhu da zaman lafiya. <ref>{{cite news |title=Be more united, Mai Tula tasks subjects |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/united-mai-tula-tasks-subjects/ |work=Vanguard |date=24 January 2018}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, Tula ta fuskanci rikici da sojojin Birtaniya. Tarihin wurin ya nuna cewa wani daga cikin muhimman wuraren da ake danganta da wannan tarihi shi ne '''Tula Battlefield''', wanda ya kasance wani wuri mai muhimmanci wajen fahimtar yadda Tula ta fuskanci zuwan mulkin mallaka. <ref>{{cite news |title=A Trip to Tula Cave |url=https://dailytrust.com/a-trip-to-tula-cave/ |work=Daily Trust |date=6 February 2010}}</ref> == Tula Chiefdom == Tula Chiefdom ita ce babbar cibiyar tsarin sarautar gargajiyar Tula. Rahotannin jaridu sun bayyana Mai Tula a matsayin babban sarkin gargajiya na Tula, wanda ke da alhakin wakiltar al'umma da kuma taimakawa wajen kiyaye zaman lafiya da al'adun gargajiya. <ref>{{cite news |title=Be more united, Mai Tula tasks subjects |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/united-mai-tula-tasks-subjects/ |work=Vanguard |date=24 January 2018}}</ref> Tula Chiefdom ta ƙunshi manyan sassa uku da suka haɗa da '''Wange, Baule da Yiri'''. Waɗannan yankuna suna da alaƙa da tarihin Tula kuma suna taimakawa wajen fahimtar yadda al'ummar Tula ta tsara kanta ta fuskar shugabanci da zamantakewa. <ref>{{cite news |title=Be more united, Mai Tula tasks subjects |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/united-mai-tula-tasks-subjects/ |work=Vanguard |date=24 January 2018}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, Mai Tula, Dr. Abubakar Buba Atare II, ya yi kira ga mutanen Tula da sauran al'ummomin kudancin Gombe da su ƙara haɗin kai. Kiran ya nuna cewa sarautar gargajiya tana taka rawa wajen ƙarfafa zumunci da haɗin kan al'umma a Tula. <ref>{{cite news |title=Be more united, Mai Tula tasks subjects |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/united-mai-tula-tasks-subjects/ |work=Vanguard |date=24 January 2018}}</ref> == Harshen Tula == Harshen Tula yana daga cikin muhimman ginshiƙan asalin al'ummar Tula. Masana harshe sun sanya Tula cikin rukunin harsunan Waja-Tula na dangin harsunan Nijar-Kongo, kuma ana samun masu magana da harshen a sassan Tula na Kaltungo. <ref>{{cite journal |last=Kleinewillinghöfer |first=Ulrich |title=The languages of the Tula–Waja Group |journal=Adamawa Languages Project |year=2014}}</ref> Akwai nau'o'in harshen Tula da suka haɗa da Tula-Wange, Tula-Baule da Tula-Yiri. Bambancin waɗannan nau'o'in harshe yana nuna yadda ƙungiyoyin Tula suka ci gaba da kiyaye bambance-bambancen harshe a cikin babban tsarin al'ummar Tula. <ref>{{cite journal |last=Kleinewillinghöfer |first=Ulrich |title=The languages of the Tula–Waja Group |journal=Adamawa Languages Project |year=2014}}</ref> Harshen Tula yana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen adana al'adun gargajiya saboda ana iya amfani da shi wajen watsa tatsuniyoyi, karin magana, waƙoƙi da tarihin baka daga tsofaffi zuwa matasa. Saboda haka, raguwar amfani da harshen na iya shafar yadda ake isar da wasu sassan gadon al'ummar Tula. <ref>{{cite journal |last=Kleinewillinghöfer |first=Ulrich |title=The languages of the Tula–Waja Group |journal=Adamawa Languages Project |year=2014}}</ref> == Tula Cultural Day == '''Tula Cultural Day''' na daga cikin muhimman bukukuwan da ake amfani da su wajen nuna al'adun Tula. A shekarar 2018, an gudanar da bikin Tula Cultural Day inda Mai Tula ya yi kira ga jama'ar Tula da sauran al'ummomin kudancin Gombe da su ƙara haɗin kai. <ref>{{cite news |title=Be more united, Mai Tula tasks subjects |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/united-mai-tula-tasks-subjects/ |work=Vanguard |date=24 January 2018}}</ref> Bikin ya kuma samu halartar Sarkin Misau, Alhaji Ahmed Suleiman, abin da ya zama wata dama ta nuna sabon yanayin dangantaka da zaman lafiya tsakanin al'ummomin da ke da tarihin rikici a baya. Wannan ya nuna cewa bukukuwan gargajiya na iya zama wuraren sulhu, haɗin kai da sake gina dangantaka tsakanin al'ummomi. <ref>{{cite news |title=Be more united, Mai Tula tasks subjects |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/united-mai-tula-tasks-subjects/ |work=Vanguard |date=24 January 2018}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, an sake nuna muhimmancin bikin al'adun Tula wajen adana harshe da al'adun gargajiya. Rahoton [[Nigerian Television Authority|NTA]] ya bayyana bikin a matsayin wani taro na shekara-shekara da ke nuna harshen Tula, al'adunsa, sana'o'in gargajiya da kuma kyawawan wuraren tsaunuka na yankin. <ref>{{cite web |title=Colours, Crafts and Culture: Inside Gombe's Tula Festival |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hztW1o6SSVI |publisher=Nigerian Television Authority |date=5 January 2026}}</ref> == Kiɗe-kiɗe da raye-raye == Kiɗe-kiɗe da raye-raye suna daga cikin abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen bayyana al'adun Tula a lokacin bukukuwa. A lokacin Tula Cultural Day da sauran tarukan al'adu, ana amfani da wasannin gargajiya da nishaɗi wajen nuna tarihi da haɗin kan al'umma. <ref>{{cite news |title=Be more united, Mai Tula tasks subjects |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/united-mai-tula-tasks-subjects/ |work=Vanguard |date=24 January 2018}}</ref> Bikin Tula na zamani ya kuma haɗa nuna al'adu da sana'o'in gargajiya, inda ake bai wa matasa damar ganin abubuwan da suka gada daga kakanninsu. Rahoton NTA na bikin 2025 ya bayyana cewa taron yana nuna harshe, al'adu, sana'o'i da kuma al'adun gargajiya na Tula. <ref>{{cite web |title=Colours, Crafts and Culture: Inside Gombe's Tula Festival |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hztW1o6SSVI |publisher=Nigerian Television Authority |date=5 January 2026}}</ref> == Sana'o'in gargajiya == Sana'o'in gargajiya suna daga cikin abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen bayyana asalin al'ummar Tula. A bikin al'adun Tula, ana nuna sana'o'i da kayayyakin gargajiya a matsayin wani ɓangare na gado da ake son karewa daga bacewa. <ref>{{cite web |title=Colours, Crafts and Culture: Inside Gombe's Tula Festival |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hztW1o6SSVI |publisher=Nigerian Television Authority |date=5 January 2026}}</ref> Sana'o'in hannu suna kuma da alaƙa da tattalin arzikin gargajiya saboda ana iya amfani da kayayyakin da ake samarwa wajen sayarwa da musayar kaya. Hakan ya sa kiyaye sana'o'in gargajiya zai iya zama wata hanya ta haɗa adana al'adu da samar da damar tattalin arziki ga matasa. <ref>{{cite web |title=Colours, Crafts and Culture: Inside Gombe's Tula Festival |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hztW1o6SSVI |publisher=Nigerian Television Authority |date=5 January 2026}}</ref> == Gorontula da rayuwar Tula == Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka shahara sosai da yankin Tula shi ne '''gorontula''', wato 'ya'yan itacen ''Azanza garckeana''. Jaridar ''The Nation'' ta bayyana cewa ana samun wannan itace musamman a wasu al'ummomin Tula da ke cikin yankunan tsaunuka na Kaltungo, kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na rayuwar tattalin arziki da abincin mutanen yankin. <ref>{{cite news |title=How sex-enhancing fruit turned Gombe communities into tourist attraction |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-sex-enhancing-fruit-turned-gombe-communities-into-tourist-attraction/ |work=The Nation |date=23 October 2021}}</ref> A baya, mazauna Tula sun yi amfani da gorontula a matsayin abinci da abin da ake ci yayin aikin gona. Rahoton ''The Nation'' ya bayyana cewa kafin ta shahara a kasuwannin zamani, mutanen Tula suna cin 'ya'yan itacen yayin aiki a gonaki saboda tana taimaka musu wajen samun kuzari. <ref>{{cite news |title=How sex-enhancing fruit turned Gombe communities into tourist attraction |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-sex-enhancing-fruit-turned-gombe-communities-into-tourist-attraction/ |work=The Nation |date=23 October 2021}}</ref> Gorontula ta kuma zama wata muhimmiyar hanya ta samun kuɗin shiga ga wasu mazauna Tula. A lokacin girbi, 'yan kasuwa da masu sayar da ita suna kai ta wasu wurare na Najeriya, kuma rahoton ''The Nation'' ya bayyana cewa ana samun masu saye daga ƙasashe makwabta. <ref>{{cite news |title=How sex-enhancing fruit turned Gombe communities into tourist attraction |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-sex-enhancing-fruit-turned-gombe-communities-into-tourist-attraction/ |work=The Nation |date=23 October 2021}}</ref> == Noma == Noma yana daga cikin tsoffin hanyoyin rayuwar al'ummar Tula. Kafin gorontula ta zama sananniya a matsayin kayan kasuwanci, al'ummar Tula sun dogara sosai da aikin gona, musamman saboda yanayin tsaunuka da ƙasar da suke zaune. <ref>{{cite news |title=How sex-enhancing fruit turned Gombe communities into tourist attraction |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-sex-enhancing-fruit-turned-gombe-communities-into-tourist-attraction/ |work=The Nation |date=23 October 2021}}</ref> Noma da tattara 'ya'yan itatuwan gargajiya suna nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin al'adar Tula da muhalli. Wannan alaƙa ta sa wasu albarkatun daji da tsaunuka suka zama wani ɓangare na tattalin arziki da rayuwar al'umma. <ref>{{cite news |title=How sex-enhancing fruit turned Gombe communities into tourist attraction |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-sex-enhancing-fruit-turned-gombe-communities-into-tourist-attraction/ |work=The Nation |date=23 October 2021}}</ref> == Tula da tsaunuka == Tsaunuka suna da muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin da yanayin al'ummar Tula. Rahotannin kan Tula sun nuna cewa akwai al'ummomin Wange, Yiri da Baule da ke cikin yankunan tsaunuka da duwatsu na kudancin Gombe. <ref>{{cite news |title=How sex-enhancing fruit turned Gombe communities into tourist attraction |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-sex-enhancing-fruit-turned-gombe-communities-into-tourist-attraction/ |work=The Nation |date=23 October 2021}}</ref> Tsaunukan Tula sun kuma taimaka wajen sanya yankin ya zama wurin da ake kallon damar yawon buɗe ido. A lokacin Tula Cultural Day, an yi kira ga masu zuba jari a fannin yawon buɗe ido da ma'adinai da su duba damar da yankin ke da ita wajen samar da ayyukan yi. <ref>{{cite news |title=Be more united, Mai Tula tasks subjects |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/united-mai-tula-tasks-subjects/ |work=Vanguard |date=24 January 2018}}</ref> == Tula Cave == '''Tula Cave''' na daga cikin wuraren da ake dangantawa da tarihin da yawon buɗe ido na Tula. Jaridar ''Daily Trust'' ta wallafa wani rahoto kan ziyartar kogon Tula, inda ta bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da ke jan hankalin masu sha'awar tarihi da yanayin ƙasa a yankin. <ref>{{cite news |title=A Trip to Tula Cave |url=https://dailytrust.com/a-trip-to-tula-cave/ |work=Daily Trust |date=6 February 2010}}</ref> Wuraren tarihi kamar koguna, tsaunuka da tsoffin wuraren zama suna taimakawa wajen fahimtar yadda al'ummar Tula ta rayu a baya. Haka kuma, idan aka kiyaye su, za su iya zama tushen yawon buɗe ido da ilimin tarihi ga matasa da masu bincike. <ref>{{cite news |title=A Trip to Tula Cave |url=https://dailytrust.com/a-trip-to-tula-cave/ |work=Daily Trust |date=6 February 2010}}</ref> == Dangantakar aure da zamantakewa == Aure yana daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke tsara zamantakewar al'umma a Tula, kamar yadda yake a sauran al'ummomin Gombe. Takardun gwamnatin Jihar Gombe sun bayyana cewa aure, haihuwa, jana'iza da bukukuwan girbi suna daga cikin al'amuran da al'adu da imanin jama'a ke tasiri a kansu. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Environmental and Social Project |url=https://moe.gm.gov.ng/images/GombeSESP2019.pdf |publisher=Gombe State Government |access-date=4 October 2026}}</ref> Dangantakar iyali da mutunta manya suna da muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin zamantakewar gargajiya. Takardun gwamnatin jihar sun jaddada cewa girmama dattawa yana daga cikin dabi'un da ake mutuntawa a al'ummomin Gombe, yayin da hulɗar ƙabilu ke faruwa ta hanyar aure, kasuwanci da sauran ayyukan zamantakewa. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Environmental and Social Project |url=https://moe.gm.gov.ng/images/GombeSESP2019.pdf |publisher=Gombe State Government |access-date=4 October 2026}}</ref> == Addini da al'adun gargajiya == Al'ummar Tula, kamar sauran al'ummomin kudancin Gombe, sun fuskanci sauye-sauyen addini da zamantakewa a tsawon lokaci. Takardun gwamnati sun bayyana cewa Gombe jiha ce mai yawan Musulmai da Kiristoci, tare da wasu sassan jihar da har yanzu ake samun wasu ayyukan da suka shafi addinin gargajiya. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Environmental and Social Project |url=https://moe.gm.gov.ng/images/GombeSESP2019.pdf |publisher=Gombe State Government |access-date=4 October 2026}}</ref> Wannan sauyin bai nufin cewa duk abubuwan al'adu sun ɓace ba. Bukukuwan al'adu kamar Tula Cultural Day suna nuna cewa harshe, sana'o'i, kiɗe-kiɗe, tarihi da sauran abubuwan gado suna ci gaba da kasancewa wani ɓangare na rayuwar al'umma ko da yake tsarin rayuwa ya canza. <ref>{{cite web |title=Colours, Crafts and Culture: Inside Gombe's Tula Festival |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hztW1o6SSVI |publisher=Nigerian Television Authority |date=5 January 2026}}</ref> == Sarautar gargajiya da ci gaban al'umma == Sarautar gargajiya tana taka rawa wajen haɗa al'umma da ƙarfafa ayyukan ci gaba. A shekarar 2018, Mai Tula ya buƙaci shugabannin Tula Community Development Association su yi aiki tare da majalisar gargajiya domin inganta rayuwar jama'a da kuma haɗa ƙoƙarin al'umma. <ref>{{cite news |title=Tula monarch tasks devt union officials on synergy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/tula-monarch-tasks-devt-union-officials-on-synergy/ |work=Vanguard |date=3 September 2018}}</ref> Hakan yana nuna cewa sarautar gargajiya a Tula ba ta tsaya ga bukukuwan gargajiya kawai ba, domin tana kuma shiga cikin al'amuran zaman lafiya, haɗin kai, ci gaban al'umma da wakilcin jama'a. <ref>{{cite news |title=Tula monarch tasks devt union officials on synergy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/tula-monarch-tasks-devt-union-officials-on-synergy/ |work=Vanguard |date=3 September 2018}}</ref> == Kiyaye al'adun Tula == A zamanin yau, kiyaye harshen Tula da sauran al'adun gargajiya na daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da al'ummar ke fuskanta. Rahoton NTA kan bikin Tula na 2025 ya nuna cewa ana ƙoƙarin amfani da bikin shekara-shekara wajen jawo hankalin jama'a kan raguwar harshe da al'adun gargajiya da kuma muhimmancin kare su. <ref>{{cite web |title=Colours, Crafts and Culture: Inside Gombe's Tula Festival |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hztW1o6SSVI |publisher=Nigerian Television Authority |date=5 January 2026}}</ref> Bukukuwan gargajiya, rubuce-rubucen tarihi, binciken harshe da kuma shigar matasa cikin ayyukan al'adu na iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye wannan gado. Tula Cultural Day na samar da wani wuri da ake haɗa dattawa da matasa domin nuna tarihi, harshe, sana'o'i da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi asalin Tula. <ref>{{cite news |title=Be more united, Mai Tula tasks subjects |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/united-mai-tula-tasks-subjects/ |work=Vanguard |date=24 January 2018}}</ref> == Muhimmancin Al'adun Gargajiya na Tula == Al'adun gargajiya na Tula suna da muhimmanci wajen adana tarihin al'umma, kare harshen Tula, ƙarfafa haɗin kai da kuma ba matasa damar sanin asalin kakanninsu. Tula Cultural Day da sauran ayyukan al'adu suna samar da damar da al'umma ke amfani da ita wajen nuna waɗannan abubuwa ga jama'a. <ref>{{cite web |title=Colours, Crafts and Culture: Inside Gombe's Tula Festival |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hztW1o6SSVI |publisher=Nigerian Television Authority |date=5 January 2026}}</ref> Al'adun Tula suna kuma da damar taimakawa wajen bunƙasa yawon buɗe ido da tattalin arziki. Tsaunuka, koguna, kogunan dutse, gorontula, sana'o'in gargajiya da bukukuwan al'adu suna daga cikin abubuwan da za su iya jawo masu yawon buɗe ido da masu bincike zuwa yankin idan aka kiyaye su kuma aka inganta hanyoyin yawon buɗe ido. <ref>{{cite news |title=Be more united, Mai Tula tasks subjects |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/united-mai-tula-tasks-subjects/ |work=Vanguard |date=24 January 2018}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Tula Chiefdom]] * [[Tula language]] * [[Kaltungo]] * [[Gombe State]] * [[Tula Cave]] * [[Waja people]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} r2s6q97jl2s9hn88m5baxeeqg1v0jov Babbar Cocin Cathedral ta Kristi da ke Legas. 0 178549 967732 964641 2026-10-15T00:20:16Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375428118|Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos]]" 967732 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="color:white; background-color:#BC50A5" |Cocin Kristi, Legas |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold" |Cocin Cathedral na Kristi, Marina Lagos |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid" |[[File:Interior_of_Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Lagos.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Cikin cocin</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q17003559"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q17003559"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[3.3902,6.4508],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos","marker-symbol":"religious-christian"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Cocin Kristi, Legas</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Lagos&params=6.4508_N_3.3902_E_type:landmark_region:NG <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°27′03′′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°23′25′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.4508°N 3.3902°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">6.4508; 3.3902</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:6}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Lagos&params=6.4508_N_3.3902_E_type:landmark_region:NG <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°27′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°23′25″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.4508°N 3.3902°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">6.4508; 3.3902</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wurin da yake | class="infobox-data label" |[[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data category" |Najeriya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sunan da ake kira | class="infobox-data category" |Anglican |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Shafin yanar gizo | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://www.thecathedrallagos.org www.thecathedrallagos.org]</span> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:white; background-color:#BC50A5" |Gine-gine |- class="note" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mai tsara gine-gine | class="infobox-data" |Bagan Benjamin |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Nau'in gine-gine</div> | class="infobox-data category" |Norman Gothic |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tushen Tushen | class="infobox-data" |1924 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kammala shi | class="infobox-data" |1946 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:white; background-color:#BC50A5" |Gudanarwa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lardin | class="infobox-data" |Lardin Legas |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Diocese | class="infobox-data" |Diocese na Legas |} {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="color:white; background-color:#BC50A5" |Cocin Kristi, Legas |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold" |Cocin Cathedral na Kristi, Marina Lagos |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid" |[[File:Interior_of_Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Lagos.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Cikin cocin</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q17003559"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q17003559"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[3.3902,6.4508],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos","marker-symbol":"religious-christian"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Cocin Kristi, Legas</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Lagos&params=6.4508_N_3.3902_E_type:landmark_region:NG <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°27′03′′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°23′25′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.4508°N 3.3902°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">6.4508; 3.3902</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:6}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Lagos&params=6.4508_N_3.3902_E_type:landmark_region:NG <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°27′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°23′25″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.4508°N 3.3902°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">6.4508; 3.3902</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wurin da yake | class="infobox-data label" |[[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data category" |Najeriya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sunan da ake kira | class="infobox-data category" |Anglican |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Shafin yanar gizo | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://www.thecathedrallagos.org www.thecathedrallagos.org]</span> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:white; background-color:#BC50A5" |Gine-gine |- class="note" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mai tsara gine-gine | class="infobox-data" |Bagan Benjamin |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Nau'in gine-gine</div> | class="infobox-data category" |Norman Gothic |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tushen Tushen | class="infobox-data" |1924 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kammala shi | class="infobox-data" |1946 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:white; background-color:#BC50A5" |Gudanarwa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lardin | class="infobox-data" |Lardin Legas |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Diocese | class="infobox-data" |Diocese na Legas |} The foundation stone for the first cathedral building was laid on 29 March 1867 and the cathedral was established in 1869. [ana buƙatar hujja] The cathedral celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2017.[1] == Tarihi == The foundation stone for the first cathedral building was laid on 29 March 1867 and the cathedral was established in 1869.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}} The cathedral celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Teniola |first=Eric |date=7 October 2017 |title=The Cathedral Church of Christ, Marina, Lagos at 150 |url=https://opinion.premiumtimesng.com/2017/10/07/the-cathedral-church-of-christ-marina-lagos-at-150-by-eric-teniola/?tztc=1 |access-date=7 March 2024 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> Ginin ginin na yanzu zuwa zane-zane na masanin gine-gine Bagan Benjamin ya fara ne a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1924. Yarima na Wales (daga baya Sarki Edward na takwas) ne ya kafa dutsen tushe a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1925. An kammala shi a shekara ta 1946. A shekara ta 1976 an fassara kayan tarihi na Rev Dr [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]], tsohon bawa Yoruba wanda ya zama bishop na farko na Afirka a cikin Cocin Anglican, zuwa babban coci. Akwai cenotaph da aka gina a matsayin abin tunawa da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=83 YEAR OLD OREWANDE JANUARIO : Nigerian Latest News Papers News Online |url=http://www.nigerianbestforum.com/blog/83-year-old-orewande-januario/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727181555/http://www.nigerianbestforum.com/blog/83-year-old-orewande-januario/ |archive-date=2020-07-27 |access-date=2016-12-30}}</ref> An san shi da Cocin Cathedral na Kristi Marina, kuma shine mafi tsufa na Anglican a cikin [[Cocin Najeriya]]. A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsa, babban cocin ya kasance wurin zama na babban bishop na Lardin Yammacin Afirka, wurin zama na Babban bishop da Firayim Minista na Duk Najeriya da kuma wurin zama na Archbishop na Lundumar Ikklisiya ta Legas. A halin yanzu shi ne wurin zama na Bishop na Legas . Oberlinger Orgelbau ne ya gina kwayar cutar, Jamus a gefen dama na bagaden tare da bangarori biyu - daya yana kallon bagaden kuma na biyu yana kallon nau'in dama. Ɗaya daga cikin sassan, Antiphonal, yana cikin ɗakin organ sama da babban ƙofar cocin. A farkon karni na 21 an sabunta dukkan kayan aikin (kuma an sake gina shi) ta kamfanin Ingila Harrison & Harrison; ya ƙunshi tsayawa 64 a kan jagororin 4 da kuma pedalboard. Ita ce mafi girma a Najeriya. == Abubuwan da suka faru == A shekara ta 1969, shugaban Najeriya na lokacin, [[Yakubu Gowon]] ya auri [[Victoria Gowon|Victoria Zakari]], a wani bikin da [[Seth Kale|Seth Irunsewe Kale]] ya gudanar a babban coci. Cocin ya dauki bakuncin jana'izar Injiniya Victor Adetunji Haffner (1919-2015), injiniyan sadarwa a Najeriya, a ranar Jumma'a, 27 ga Nuwamba, 2015. Bikin Centennial na Cathedral Church of Christ Choir, Legas, Najeriya: 1918-2018 a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 1918. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-31 |title=Celebrating the Centennial of the Cathedral Church of Christ Choir, Lagos, Nigeria: 1918–2018 |url=https://www.thediapason.com/content/celebrating-centennial-cathedral-church-christ-choir-lagos-nigeria-1918-2018 |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=www.thediapason.com |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da jana'izar Cif Mrs. Florence Morenike Saraki, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Egobiambu |first=Emmanuel |date=2024-07-19 |title=VIDEO: Funeral Service For Florence Morenike Saraki |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/07/19/live-funeral-service-for-florence-morenike-saraki/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=Channels Television |language=en}}</ref> mahaifiyar tsohon Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya Dr. Abubakar Bukola Saraki, a babban coci a ranar Jumma'a, 19 ga Yuli, 2024. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery> File:The_Cathedral_Church_of_Christ_Marina..jpg File:Cathedral_Church_Of_Christ,_Marina,_Lagos.jpg|Interior of Church of Christ File:The_Cathedral_Church_of_Christ_Marina,_Lagos..jpg File:Cathedral_church_of_christ_(19172528434).jpg|The building and streetside of the cathedral File:The_cathedral_(16878409017).jpg File:Front_View_of_Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_CMS_Lagos.jpg|A front View The Cathedral at CMS, Lagos File:A_side_View_The_Cathedral_at_CMS,_Lagos.jpg|Side view of The Cathedral at CMS, Lagos File:Lagos_Cathedral,_Marina,_Lagos_Island.jpg File:Lagos_Cathedral,_Marina.jpg File:Lagos_Island,_Marina.jpg File:Wikipedia_walkout_053.jpg File:Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Lagos.jpg File:Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Marina,_Lagos,_Island.jpg </gallery> == Manazarta a == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8kebqcbsm2vufz1y71pyd79tdsge0h5 967733 967732 2026-10-15T00:21:18Z Salma Raddah 45959 967733 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="color:white; background-color:#BC50A5" |Cocin Kristi, Legas |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold" |Cocin Cathedral na Kristi, Marina Lagos |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid" |[[File:Interior_of_Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Lagos.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Cikin cocin</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q17003559"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q17003559"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[3.3902,6.4508],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos","marker-symbol":"religious-christian"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Cocin Kristi, Legas</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Lagos&params=6.4508_N_3.3902_E_type:landmark_region:NG <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°27′03′′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°23′25′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.4508°N 3.3902°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">6.4508; 3.3902</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:6}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Lagos&params=6.4508_N_3.3902_E_type:landmark_region:NG <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°27′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°23′25″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.4508°N 3.3902°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">6.4508; 3.3902</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wurin da yake | class="infobox-data label" |[[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data category" |Najeriya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sunan da ake kira | class="infobox-data category" |Anglican |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Shafin yanar gizo | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://www.thecathedrallagos.org www.thecathedrallagos.org]</span> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:white; background-color:#BC50A5" |Gine-gine |- class="note" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mai tsara gine-gine | class="infobox-data" |Bagan Benjamin |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Nau'in gine-gine</div> | class="infobox-data category" |Norman Gothic |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tushen Tushen | class="infobox-data" |1924 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kammala shi | class="infobox-data" |1946 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:white; background-color:#BC50A5" |Gudanarwa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lardin | class="infobox-data" |Lardin Legas |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Diocese | class="infobox-data" |Diocese na Legas |} {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="color:white; background-color:#BC50A5" |Cocin Kristi, Legas |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold" |Cocin Cathedral na Kristi, Marina Lagos |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid" |[[File:Interior_of_Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Lagos.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Cikin cocin</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q17003559"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q17003559"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[3.3902,6.4508],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos","marker-symbol":"religious-christian"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Cocin Kristi, Legas</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Lagos&params=6.4508_N_3.3902_E_type:landmark_region:NG <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°27′03′′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°23′25′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.4508°N 3.3902°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">6.4508; 3.3902</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:6}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Lagos&params=6.4508_N_3.3902_E_type:landmark_region:NG <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°27′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°23′25″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.4508°N 3.3902°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">6.4508; 3.3902</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wurin da yake | class="infobox-data label" |[[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data category" |Najeriya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sunan da ake kira | class="infobox-data category" |Anglican |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Shafin yanar gizo | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://www.thecathedrallagos.org www.thecathedrallagos.org]</span> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:white; background-color:#BC50A5" |Gine-gine |- class="note" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mai tsara gine-gine | class="infobox-data" |Bagan Benjamin |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Nau'in gine-gine</div> | class="infobox-data category" |Norman Gothic |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tushen Tushen | class="infobox-data" |1924 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kammala shi | class="infobox-data" |1946 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:white; background-color:#BC50A5" |Gudanarwa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lardin | class="infobox-data" |Lardin Legas |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Diocese | class="infobox-data" |Diocese na Legas |} {{Databox}} The foundation stone for the first cathedral building was laid on 29 March 1867 and the cathedral was established in 1869. [ana buƙatar hujja] The cathedral celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2017.[1] == Tarihi == The foundation stone for the first cathedral building was laid on 29 March 1867 and the cathedral was established in 1869.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}} The cathedral celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Teniola |first=Eric |date=7 October 2017 |title=The Cathedral Church of Christ, Marina, Lagos at 150 |url=https://opinion.premiumtimesng.com/2017/10/07/the-cathedral-church-of-christ-marina-lagos-at-150-by-eric-teniola/?tztc=1 |access-date=7 March 2024 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> Ginin ginin na yanzu zuwa zane-zane na masanin gine-gine Bagan Benjamin ya fara ne a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1924. Yarima na Wales (daga baya Sarki Edward na takwas) ne ya kafa dutsen tushe a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1925. An kammala shi a shekara ta 1946. A shekara ta 1976 an fassara kayan tarihi na Rev Dr [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]], tsohon bawa Yoruba wanda ya zama bishop na farko na Afirka a cikin Cocin Anglican, zuwa babban coci. Akwai cenotaph da aka gina a matsayin abin tunawa da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=83 YEAR OLD OREWANDE JANUARIO : Nigerian Latest News Papers News Online |url=http://www.nigerianbestforum.com/blog/83-year-old-orewande-januario/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727181555/http://www.nigerianbestforum.com/blog/83-year-old-orewande-januario/ |archive-date=2020-07-27 |access-date=2016-12-30}}</ref> An san shi da Cocin Cathedral na Kristi Marina, kuma shine mafi tsufa na Anglican a cikin [[Cocin Najeriya]]. A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsa, babban cocin ya kasance wurin zama na babban bishop na Lardin Yammacin Afirka, wurin zama na Babban bishop da Firayim Minista na Duk Najeriya da kuma wurin zama na Archbishop na Lundumar Ikklisiya ta Legas. A halin yanzu shi ne wurin zama na Bishop na Legas . Oberlinger Orgelbau ne ya gina kwayar cutar, Jamus a gefen dama na bagaden tare da bangarori biyu - daya yana kallon bagaden kuma na biyu yana kallon nau'in dama. Ɗaya daga cikin sassan, Antiphonal, yana cikin ɗakin organ sama da babban ƙofar cocin. A farkon karni na 21 an sabunta dukkan kayan aikin (kuma an sake gina shi) ta kamfanin Ingila Harrison & Harrison; ya ƙunshi tsayawa 64 a kan jagororin 4 da kuma pedalboard. Ita ce mafi girma a Najeriya. == Abubuwan da suka faru == A shekara ta 1969, shugaban Najeriya na lokacin, [[Yakubu Gowon]] ya auri [[Victoria Gowon|Victoria Zakari]], a wani bikin da [[Seth Kale|Seth Irunsewe Kale]] ya gudanar a babban coci. Cocin ya dauki bakuncin jana'izar Injiniya Victor Adetunji Haffner (1919-2015), injiniyan sadarwa a Najeriya, a ranar Jumma'a, 27 ga Nuwamba, 2015. Bikin Centennial na Cathedral Church of Christ Choir, Legas, Najeriya: 1918-2018 a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 1918. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-31 |title=Celebrating the Centennial of the Cathedral Church of Christ Choir, Lagos, Nigeria: 1918–2018 |url=https://www.thediapason.com/content/celebrating-centennial-cathedral-church-christ-choir-lagos-nigeria-1918-2018 |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=www.thediapason.com |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da jana'izar Cif Mrs. Florence Morenike Saraki, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Egobiambu |first=Emmanuel |date=2024-07-19 |title=VIDEO: Funeral Service For Florence Morenike Saraki |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/07/19/live-funeral-service-for-florence-morenike-saraki/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=Channels Television |language=en}}</ref> mahaifiyar tsohon Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya Dr. Abubakar Bukola Saraki, a babban coci a ranar Jumma'a, 19 ga Yuli, 2024. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery> File:The_Cathedral_Church_of_Christ_Marina..jpg File:Cathedral_Church_Of_Christ,_Marina,_Lagos.jpg|Interior of Church of Christ File:The_Cathedral_Church_of_Christ_Marina,_Lagos..jpg File:Cathedral_church_of_christ_(19172528434).jpg|The building and streetside of the cathedral File:The_cathedral_(16878409017).jpg File:Front_View_of_Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_CMS_Lagos.jpg|A front View The Cathedral at CMS, Lagos File:A_side_View_The_Cathedral_at_CMS,_Lagos.jpg|Side view of The Cathedral at CMS, Lagos File:Lagos_Cathedral,_Marina,_Lagos_Island.jpg File:Lagos_Cathedral,_Marina.jpg File:Lagos_Island,_Marina.jpg File:Wikipedia_walkout_053.jpg File:Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Lagos.jpg File:Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Marina,_Lagos,_Island.jpg </gallery> == Manazarta a == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8qudwihq9qgc1lyf366ijblj5gc2ns4 Makarantun Firamare na Tsakiya a Jihar Gombe 0 178583 967791 964898 2026-10-15T08:19:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967791 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makarantun Firamare na Tsakiya a Jihar Gombe''' jerin wasu daga cikin makarantun firamare da ake kira ''Central Primary School'' ko ''Central Primary School'' tare da sunan garinsu ko yankinsu a [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Makarantun suna cikin ƙananan hukumomi daban-daban na jihar. Bayanan [[Independent National Electoral Commission|Hukumar Zaɓe ta Ƙasa]] (INEC) da wasu bayanan ilimi sun tabbatar da kasancewar wasu daga cikin waɗannan makarantu a matsayin wuraren zaɓe, cibiyoyin al'umma ko wuraren da aka yi amfani da su wajen binciken ilimi.<ref name="INEC2015">{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=8 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Jerin makarantu bisa ƙaramar hukuma == === [[Akko]] === Wasu daga cikin makarantun firamare na tsakiya da aka samu a Akko sun haɗa da: * '''Kumo Central Primary School''' — [[Kumo]] * '''Central Primary School, Kashere''' — [[Kashere]] * '''Central Primary School, Pindiga''' — [[Pindiga]] * '''Central Primary School, Tumu''' — [[Tumu]] INEC ta lissafa Kumo Central, Kashere, Pindiga da Tumu a cikin bayanan cibiyoyin tarin katin PVC na Akko.<ref name="INEC2023">{{cite web |title=Gombe State PVC Collection Centres |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=8 October 2026 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wani binciken ilimi kuma ya lissafa Kumo Central Primary School da wasu makarantun Akko cikin makarantun da aka yi nazari a Gombe Central Senatorial District.<ref name="Research">{{cite web |title=Primary school libraries in Gombe State |url=https://teras.ng/api/asset/document/64044b24-120c-4079-b8c8-73dcdf39433f |website=TERAS |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref> === [[Balanga]] === A Balanga, majiyoyin INEC sun nuna: * '''Central Primary School, Bambam''' * '''Jubulang Central Primary School''' INEC ta lissafa waɗannan makarantu a cikin wuraren tarin katin PVC na Balanga.<ref name="INEC2023"/> === [[Billiri]] === * '''Billiri Central Primary School''' Billiri Central Primary School na cikin makarantun firamare da aka rubuta a Billiri. Takardar kasafin kuɗin [[Jihar Gombe]] ta shekarar 2020 ta nuna aikin gyaran ajujuwan makarantar, yayin da wani binciken ilimi ya kuma lissafa makarantar.<ref name="Budget2020">{{cite web |title=Gombe State Approved 2020 Budget |url=https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/openstates.ng.storage/documents/dataset_Gombe%20State%20Approved%202020%20Budget.pdf |website=Gombe State Government |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Research"/> === [[Dukku]] === * '''Dukku Central Primary School''' * '''Malala Central Primary School''' * '''Gona Dukku Central Primary School''' Bayanan INEC sun nuna Dukku Central Primary School da Malala Central Primary School a cikin wuraren tarin katin PVC na Dukku.<ref name="INEC2015"/><ref name="INEC2023"/> Bayanan makarantu na Dukku kuma sun lissafa Dukku Central Primary School cikin makarantun da ke yankin.<ref name="Dukku">{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |website=Eduweb |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref> === [[Funakaye]] === Wasu makarantun firamare na yankin Funakaye ana amfani da su a matsayin wuraren zaɓe da cibiyoyin jama'a. Ana buƙatar ƙarin majiyoyin hukuma kafin a ware kowace makaranta a matsayin ''Central Primary School'' a wannan jerin. === [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]] === * '''Central Primary School, Gombe''' * '''Hassan Central Primary School, Gombe''' Central Primary School, Gombe tana daga cikin tsofaffin makarantun firamare da aka ambata a bayanan hukumomin ilimi. [[Universal Basic Education Commission|UBEC]] ta bayyana cewa Injiniya Sadiq Abubakar Sa'ad ya koma Central Primary School, Gombe a shekarar 1971 kuma ya kammala Primary Seven a shekarar 1977.<ref name="UBEC">{{cite web |title=Physical Planning |url=https://ubec.gov.ng/physical-planning/ |website=Universal Basic Education Commission |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref> Bayanan bincike kan tarihin Gombe sun kuma nuna cewa Central Primary School an sake mata suna zuwa '''Hassan Central Primary School''' bayan Malam Hassan Deba.<ref name="Gombe25">{{cite web |title=Gombe@25: Essays in Honor of Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo PhD OON |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368602021_Gombe25_Essays_in_Honor_of_Ibrahim_Hassan_Dankwambo_PhD_OON |website=ResearchGate |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref> A Wikidata, Hassan Central Primary School Gombe tana da lambar abu '''Q120500986'''.<ref name="WikidataHassan">{{cite web |title=Hassan Central primary school Gombe |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120500986 |website=Wikidata |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref> === [[Kaltungo]] === Wasu daga cikin makarantun da aka tabbatar a Kaltungo sun haɗa da: * '''Baule Central Primary School''' * '''Wange Central Primary School''' * '''Kaltungo Pilot Primary School''' INEC ta lissafa Baule Central Primary School da Wange Central Primary School a matsayin wuraren da ake amfani da su a Kaltungo.<ref name="INEC2023"/> Wani binciken ilimi kuma ya lissafa Kaltungo Pilot Primary School a cikin makarantun Kaltungo.<ref name="Research"/> === [[Kwami]] === A Kwami akwai makarantun firamare da dama, amma ana buƙatar majiyar da ta bayyana kalmar ''Central Primary School'' kai tsaye kafin a saka takamaiman suna a cikin wannan jerin. === [[Nafada]] === * '''Central Primary School, Nafada I''' * '''Central Primary School, Nafada II''' * '''Ubandoma Central Primary School''' INEC ta lissafa Central Primary School Nafada I da II da Ubandoma Central Primary School a cikin bayanan wuraren zaɓe na Nafada.<ref name="INEC2015"/> === [[Shongom]] === * '''Boh Central Primary School''' Bayanan INEC sun nuna Boh Central Primary School a Boh Ward, Shongom Local Government Area.<ref name="INEC2023"/> === [[Yamaltu-Deba]] === Wasu daga cikin makarantun firamare da aka tabbatar a wannan ƙaramar hukuma sun haɗa da: * '''Deba Central Primary School''' * '''Bello Central Primary School''' Wani binciken ilimi ya lissafa Deba Central Primary School da Bello Central Primary School a cikin makarantun Gombe South/Central da aka yi nazari.<ref name="Research"/> == Muhimmancin makarantu == Makarantun firamare suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da ilimin farko ga yara a ƙananan hukumomin Jihar Gombe. Wasu daga cikin makarantun suna kuma zama wuraren da hukumomin gwamnati ke amfani da su wajen gudanar da ayyukan jama'a, ciki har da zaɓe da ayyukan wayar da kan al'umma.<ref name="INEC2015"/> == Duba kuma == * [[Ilimi a Najeriya]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Makarantu a Jihar Gombe]] * [[Makarantar firamare]] * [[Universal Basic Education Commission]] * [[Independent National Electoral Commission]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Majiyoyi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf INEC — Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State] * [https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf INEC — Gombe State PVC Collection Centres] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://ubec.gov.ng/physical-planning/ UBEC — Physical Planning] * [https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/openstates.ng.storage/documents/dataset_Gombe%20State%20Approved%202020%20Budget.pdf Gombe State Approved 2020 Budget] * [https://teras.ng/api/asset/document/64044b24-120c-4079-b8c8-73dcdf39433f TERAS — Binciken makarantun firamare a Gombe] * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120500986 Wikidata — Hassan Central Primary School Gombe] [[Category:Makarantu a Najeriya]] [[Category:Makarantu a Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:Ilimi a Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:Jihar Gombe]] arwciip9xtlstk83eyyln7dfe4q4ql9 Makarantun Firamare na Al'umma a Balanga 0 178585 967790 964902 2026-10-15T08:18:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967790 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makarantun Firamare na Al'umma a Balanga''' jerin wasu daga cikin makarantun firamare na gwamnati da al'umma da ke cikin [[Balanga (ƙaramar hukuma)|Ƙaramar Hukumar Balanga]], [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Makarantun suna cikin ƙauyuka da garuruwa daban-daban na ƙaramar hukumar kuma suna cikin tsarin ilimin firamare na jihar.<ref name="GombeEducation">{{cite web |title=Gombe State Development Plan 2021–2030 |url=https://media.premiumtimesng.com/wp-content/files/2021/12/MAIN-INNER-compressed.pdf |website=Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref> == Makarantu == Bayanan [[Universal Basic Education Commission|SUBEB]] na Jihar Gombe sun lissafa wasu makarantun firamare na gwamnati a Balanga. Daga cikin waɗanda aka ambata akwai: * '''Lip Talesse Primary School''' * '''Bormi Primary School''' * '''Bangu Primary School''' Waɗannan makarantu suna cikin jerin makarantun firamare na jama'a da aka nuna cewa suna da dakunan karatu a Balanga LGEA.<ref name="SUBEB">{{cite web |title=Gombe State Universal Basic Education (SUBEB) Public Primary Schools with Libraries |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/1050154825/184-1 |website=Gombe State Universal Basic Education Board |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref> == Balanga == A yankin Balanga akwai '''Balanga Primary School'''. [[Independent National Electoral Commission|INEC]] ta lissafa makarantar a matsayin wurin da aka kafa rumfunan zaɓe biyu, Balanga South da Balanga North.<ref name="INEC2015">{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units — Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=8 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A bayanan wuraren zaɓe na baya, ana kuma samun makarantar a matsayin ''Balanga Pri. Sch.'' a cikin bayanan INEC.<ref name="INEC2015"/> == Gelengu == '''Gelengu Primary School''' tana cikin Gelengu/Balanga Registration Area. INEC ta lissafa makarantar a matsayin wurin da ake da rumfunan zaɓe na Garu East I da Garu East II.<ref name="INEC2015"/> Hakan ya nuna cewa makarantar tana daga cikin cibiyoyin jama'a da ake amfani da su a yankin Gelengu na Balanga. == Kembu == A [[Kembu]], akwai '''Kembu Primary School'''. INEC ta lissafa Kembu Primary School a matsayin wurin zaɓe a Kembu Registration Area, tare da rumfunan Kembu da Kembu Matinja.<ref name="INEC2015"/> == Gumsa == '''Gumsa Primary School''' tana cikin Gumsa Registration Area na Balanga. INEC ta lissafa makarantar a matsayin wurin da aka kafa rumfar zaɓe ta Gumsa.<ref name="INEC2015"/> == Talasse == Talasse na ɗaya daga cikin yankunan Balanga. Bayanai na INEC sun nuna cewa '''Central Primary School Talasse''' tana aiki a matsayin cibiyar tarawa a Balanga North State Constituency.<ref name="INECStats">{{cite web |title=2015 General Elections Information Kit |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2015-GENERAL-ELECTIONS-INFO-KIT-.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, bayanan SUBEB sun lissafa '''Lip Talesse''' cikin makarantun firamare na Balanga.<ref name="SUBEB"/> == Nyuwar == A yankin [[Nyuwar]], akwai '''Nyuwar Primary School'''. Bayanai na INEC sun nuna makarantar a matsayin wurin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen ayyukan zaɓe da rajistar masu zaɓe.<ref name="INECNyuwar">{{cite web |title=CVR Live Locator — Balanga LGA |url=https://locator.incportals.com/locator/browse/16/283 |website=INEC |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref> == Matsayin ilimi a Balanga == Bayanan Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe sun nuna cewa Balanga tana da makarantu na firamare da dama. A shekarar makaranta ta 2018/2019, shirin ci gaban jihar ya nuna cewa Balanga tana da jimillar makarantun firamare guda 172.<ref name="GombeEducation"/> Wannan ya nuna girman tsarin ilimin firamare a ƙaramar hukumar, wanda ya haɗa da makarantun gwamnati da masu zaman kansu.<ref name="GombeEducation"/> == Kalubalen ilimi == Wasu rahotannin kafafen yaɗa labarai sun nuna cewa makarantun firamare a wasu yankunan Balanga suna fuskantar matsalolin ƙarancin malamai da kayan more rayuwa. Misali, wani rahoto na ''[[The Independent (Nigeria)|Independent Newspaper Nigeria]]'' ya ambaci [[Dogon Ruwa Primary School]] a Balanga tare da matsalar ƙarancin malamai.<ref name="Independent">{{cite news |title=Crisis In Public Primary Schools In Gombe |url=https://independent.ng/crisis-in-public-primary-schools-in-gombe/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=2025 |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Balanga (ƙaramar hukuma)|Balanga]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Ilimi a Najeriya]] * [[Makarantar firamare]] * [[Universal Basic Education Commission]] * [[Independent National Electoral Commission]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Majiyoyi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf INEC — Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State] * [https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2015-GENERAL-ELECTIONS-INFO-KIT-.pdf INEC — 2015 General Elections Information Kit] * [https://media.premiumtimesng.com/wp-content/files/2021/12/MAIN-INNER-compressed.pdf Gombe State Development Plan 2021–2030] * [https://www.scribd.com/document/1050154825/184-1 Gombe State SUBEB — Public Primary Schools with Libraries] * [https://locator.incportals.com/locator/browse/16/283 INEC — Balanga LGA CVR Centres] * [https://independent.ng/crisis-in-public-primary-schools-in-gombe/ Independent Newspaper Nigeria — Crisis in Public Primary Schools in Gombe] [[Category:Makarantu a Najeriya]] [[Category:Makarantu a Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:Ilimi a Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:Balanga]] [[Category:Jihar Gombe]] gpk6sb6vk4xa578vsswwjltn9tmre3d Manami Konishi 0 178750 967797 965501 2026-10-15T09:06:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967797 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} Manami Konishi , wanda kuma aka sani da KONI-TAN, yar wasan Japan ce, mawaƙi, marubuci, rapper, kuma mai shirya rikodin. == Sana'a == Konishi ya fito a cikin fim ɗin Kiyoshi Kurosawa na 2006 ''mai suna Retribution'', wanda aka nuna a bikin fina-finai na Venice karo na 63. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Elley |first=Derek |date=October 10, 2006 |title=Variety Reviews – Retribution – Film Reviews – Venice |url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117931820/ |website=Variety}}</ref> Ta kuma fito a fim ɗin Hiroshi Ando na 2001 ''mai suna Blue'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharp |first=Jasper |date=May 21, 2003 |title=Midnight Eye review: Blue |url=http://www.midnighteye.com/reviews/blue/ |website=[[Midnight Eye]]}}</ref> fim ɗin Katsuhiro Otomo na 2004 mai suna ''Steamboy'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mes |first=Tom |date=September 23, 2004 |title=Midnight Eye review: Steamboy |url=http://www.midnighteye.com/reviews/steamboy/ |website=[[Midnight Eye]]}}</ref> fim ɗin Junji Sakamoto na 2010 ''mai suna Strangers in the City'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Russell |date=November 8, 2010 |title=Variety Reviews – Strangers in the City – Film Reviews – Tokyo |url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117944015/ |website=Variety}}</ref> da fim ɗin Shinji Aoyama na 2011 mai suna ''Tokyo Park'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Neil |date=August 14, 2011 |title=Tokyo Park: Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/tokyo-park-film-review-222932 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> == Fim ɗin fim == === Fim === * ''Kuro'' (2001) * ''Shuɗi'' (2002) * ''Wasiku daga Duwatsu'' (2002) * ''Utsutsu'' (2002) * ''Bayside Shakedown 2'' (2003) * ''Steamboy'' (2004) * ''Jam Films S'' (2005) * ''Duk Game da Karena'' (2005) * ''Udon'' (2006) * ''Ƙwai na Mala'ika'' (2006) * ''Sakayya'' (2007) * ''Sweet Rain: Shinigami no Seido'' (2008) * ''Nonchan Noriben'' (2009) * ''Tumatir da Shizuku'' (2010) * ''Aibo II'' (2010) * ''Hakika Wata Rana'' (2010) * ''Saru Lock'' (2010) * ''Baƙi a Birni'' (2010) * ''Neman Saurayuwar Gaske'' (2011) * ''Filin shakatawa na Tokyo'' (2011) * ''Miyan: Umarekawari no Monogatari'' (2012) * ''Dare da Rana'' (2019) * ''Majo no Kōsui'' (2023) <ref>{{Cite web |title=魔女の香水 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/98576/ |access-date=January 25, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> === Talabijin === * ''Drama D-yanayin Fukaku Mogure Hakkenden 2001'' (2000) * ''Su10!'' ''Nau'in Mu'ujizar Cocoriko'' (2001) * ''Shiroi Kage'' (2001) * ''Shin Hoshi No Kinka'' (2001) * ''Churasan'' (2001) * ''Tsohon: Seiyo Kotto Yogashi Ten'' (2001) * ''Hito ni Yasashiku'' (2002) * ''Baberu'' (2002) * ''Seikei Bijin'' (2002) * ''Tentai Kansoku'' (2002) * ''Churasan 2'' (2003) * ''Hotman'' (2003) * ''Boku dake no Madonna'' (2003) * ''Unmei ga Mieru Te'' (2003) * ''Renai Shousetsu'' (2004) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan Wasan Wuta'' (2004) * ''Hotman '04: Musamman na bazara'' (2004) * ''Churasan 3'' (2004) * ''Kwanakin Orange'' (2004) * ''Ruri no Shima'' (2005) * ''Water Boys 2005 Natsu'' (2005) * ''Yara'' (2006) * ''Watashi no Atama no Naka no Keshigomu'' (2006) * ''Akechi Mitsuhide: Kami ni Aisarenakatta Otoko'' (2007) * ''Ruri no Shima: Special 2007'' (2007) * ''Kira Kira Kenshui'' (2007) * ''Pandora'' (2008) * ''Ashita no Kita Yoshio'' (2008) * ''Ariadne no Dangan'' (2011) * ''Matakin Uwargida'' (2012) * ''Rabin Sama Mai Shuɗi'' (2018) * ''Hiru'' (2022) <ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二と坂口健太郎主演「ヒル」に吉川愛、飯豊まりえ、柳俊太郎、板垣瑞生ら |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/455044 |access-date=November 26, 2021 |website=Natalie |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503131450/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/455044 |archive-date=May 3, 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Littattafan tarihi == * ''Tegami'' (2004) * ''27'' (2006) == Kundin Waƙoƙi == * "Ranar Rana" (2008) (kamar yadda Kazue Fujiki ya faɗa) * "Ga Mu Nan" (2018) == Kyaututtuka == * 2002: Kyautar Kinema Junpo - Sabon Jarumi * 2002: Kyautar Blue Ribbon ta 45 - Sabon Jarumi * 2003: Kyautar Kwalejin Japan ta 26 - Sabon Jarumi * 2009: Kyautar Fina-finai ta Mainichi karo na 64 – Mafi Kyawun Jaruma ga ''Nonchan Noriben'' * 2009: Bikin Fina-finai na Yokohama karo na 31 – Mafi Kyawun Jaruma ga ''Nonchan Noriben'' <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:第３１回ヨコハマ映画祭 ２００９年日本映画個人 |url=http://homepage3.nifty.com/yokohama-eigasai/31-2009/31_2009_shou.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610063354/http://homepage3.nifty.com/yokohama-eigasai/31-2009/31_2009_shou.html |archive-date=June 10, 2011 |access-date=December 11, 2010 |publisher=Yokohama Film Festival |language=ja}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|www.konishimanami.com}} * {{IMDb name|0973370|Manami Konishi}} * 小西真奈美 at the Japanese Movie Database (in Japanese) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200108115418/http://www.fujikikazue.com/ Official website of Kazue Fujiki] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] == Manazarta == 33ws96jadzjhkvklvb7xdquanfct2sj MUSE (spacecraft) 0 178755 967737 965531 2026-10-15T00:42:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''MUSE''' (Mission to Uranus for Science and Exploration ) wani shiri ne na Turai don sadaukar da kai ga duniyar Uranus don nazarin yanayi ta, ciki, watanni, zobe, da Magnetosphere.<ref name="Bocanegra 2015">{{Cite journal |last=Bocanegra-Bahamón |first=Tatiana |year=2015 |title=MUSE Mission to the Uranian System: Unveiling the evolution and formation of ice giants |url=https://mlaneuville.github.io/papers/Bocanegra+2015.pdf |journal=Advances in Space Research |volume=55 |issue=9 |pages=2190–2216 |bibcode=2015AdSpR..55.2190B |doi=10.1016/j.asr.2015.01.037 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427144227/https://mlaneuville.github.io/papers/Bocanegra+2015.pdf |archive-date=2020-04-27 |access-date=2026-10-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An ba da shawarar a kaddamar da shi tare da Ariane 6 a cikin 2026, tafiya na shekaru 16.5 don isa Uranus a cikin 2044, kuma zai yi aiki har zuwa 2050.<ref name="Bocanegra 2015" /> Cibiyar Ayyukan Sararin samaniya ta Turai za ta saka idanu da sarrafa aikin, da kuma samar da sabbin bayanai. A cikin 2012, an kiyasta farashin a Yuro biliyan 1.8. Manufar tana magance jigogi na ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025. <ref name="Madrid 2012" /> An tsara wannan a matsayin aikin L-Class [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] babban aikin; duk da haka, ana iyakance shi da buƙatar RTGs.<ref name="adsabs.harvard.edu">{{Cite journal |last=Bocanegra-Bahamón |first=Tatiana |last2=Bracken |first2=Colm |last3=Costa Sitjà |first3=Marc |last4=Dirkx |first4=Dominic |last5=Gerth |first5=Ingo |last6=Konstantinidis |first6=Kostas |last7=Labrianidis |first7=Christos |last8=Laneuville |first8=Matthieu |last9=Luntzer |first9=Armin |date=2015-05-01 |title=MUSE – Mission to the Uranian system: Unveiling the evolution and formation of ice giants |journal=Advances in Space Research |volume=55 |issue=9 |pages=2190–2216 |bibcode=2015AdSpR..55.2190B |doi=10.1016/j.asr.2015.01.037 |issn=0273-1177}}</ref>  An kuma bincika MUSE a Amurka a matsayin aikin aji na Enhanced New Frontiers a cikin 2014. == Mai zagayawa == [[File:Uranus_moons.jpg|left|thumb| Uranus da manyan watanni shida da ke cikinta sun yi daidai da girmansu da kuma matsayinsu na dangi. Daga hagu zuwa dama: Puck, Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, da Oberon]] Matakin kimiyyar kewayar sararin samaniya zai ƙunshi matakin Uranus Science Orbit ( '''USO''' ) na kimanin shekaru 2 a cikin zagaye mai siffar elliptical polar don samar da mafi kyawun bayanai na gravimetries, a lokacin da ake yin zagayen Uranus guda 36. <ref name="Bocanegra 2015" /> Daga baya, orbiter zai ci gaba zuwa matakin Moon Tour ('''MT'''), wanda zai dauki shekaru uku. A wannan lokacin, za a tashe periapsis, yana sauƙaƙa tashi tara na kowane ɗayan manyan watanni biyar na Uranus: Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, da Oberon.<ref name="Bocanegra 2015" /> Saboda nesa mai tsawo daga Sun (20 AU a matsakaici), mai kewaye ba zai iya amfani da bangarorin hasken [[Rana]] ba, yana buƙatar maimakon haka hudu Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generators (ASRGs) da ESA za ta haɓaka.<ref name="Bocanegra 2015" /> Tsarin motsa jiki don canja wurin Duniya-Uranus zai zama sinadarai: Ana amfani da haɗin sinadarai na Monomethylhydrazine da Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen (MMH / MON).<ref name="Bocanegra 2015" />{{Clear}} == Binciken sararin samaniya == Fahimtar dalilin da ya sa Uranus ke fitar da irin wannan karamin zafi za'a iya yin shi ne kawai a cikin mahallin tsarin thermodynamic na yanayi (ƙuƙwalwa, matsin lamba, da zafin jiki). Sabili da haka, yanayin yana buƙatar a nuna shi daga duka abun da ke ciki da ra'ayi na thermodynamic. Bayanan sunadarai da za a dawo da su shine maida hankali, musamman na nau'in rashin daidaituwa, isotopic ratios da iskar gas mai kyau, a hade tare da bayanai game da rarraba barbashi na aerosol tare da zurfi. Kwanaki ashirin kafin shigarwa, binciken sararin samaniya zai rabu da jirgin sararin samaniya kuma ya shiga cikin yanayin waje na Uranus a tsawo na kilomita 700 a 21.8 km / s. &nbsp;&nbsp;Zai sauka ta hanyar faɗuwa kyauta kuma ya yi ma'aunin yanayi na kimanin minti 90 zuwa matsakaicin matsin lamba na sanduna 100 (1,500 .<ref name="Bocanegra 2015" /> == Kayan da aka tsara == Jimlar kasafin kuɗi don kayan aikin kimiyya shine {{Convert|150|kg}} kg (330 ; idan an zaɓi duk kayan aikin da aka tsara, za su tara jimlar nauyin kaya na {{Convert|108.4|kg}} . A cikin teburin da ke ƙasa, bango mai kore yana nuna kayan aiki don zuwa binciken shigarwa; sauran don orbiter ne.<ref name="Bocanegra 2015" /> {| class="wikitable" !Kayan aiki !Bayyanawa !Girma, kewayon, ƙuduri !Tarihi |- |Gidajen da ke kusa |Ganuwa da Kusan Infrared Spectrometer |Radiation na lantarki:λ: 0.25-5 μm bands (1.8 nm da band) <br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp; |Dawn {{Abbr|VIR|Visible and InfraRed spectrometer}} |- |IRS |Infrared Spectrometer na zafi |Radiation na electromagnetic:λ: 7.16-16.67 μm1×10 jerin 0.273 Mrad murabba'i<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp; |Cassini {{Abbr|CIRS|Composite InfraRed Spectrometer}} |- |UVIS |Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph |Rashin radiation na lantarki:λ: 55.8-190 nm<br />&nbsp; |Cassini {{Abbr|UVIS|UltraViolet Imaging Spectrograph}} |- |RPW |Rediyo da Plasma Wave Instrument |Radiation na lantarki da raƙuman plasma: 1 Hz-16 MHz (tambuna daban-daban) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; |Cassini {{Abbr|RPWS|Radio and Plasma Wave Science}} |- |MAG |Fluxgate Magnetometer |Filin magnetic:0-20000 nT 3-axis<1 nT daidaito<br />&nbsp;<br /><br />&nbsp; |Juno MAG {{Abbr|VFM|Vector Field Magnetometer}}<br /> |- |TELFA |{{Abbr|TLF|tremendously low frequency}} da [[Extremely low frequency|ELF]] Antenna |Rashin radiation na lantarki: Rashin sauti naumann<br />Sakamakon Schumann |C/NOFS {{Abbr|VEFI|Vector Electric Field Instrument}} antennas |- |ICI |Kayan aiki na Ion |ions masu kyau:25 eV-40 keV (dE/E = 0.07) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; |Rosetta ICA <ref name="rosetta">{{Cite web |title=Rosetta Orbiter Instruments |url=https://sci.esa.int/web/rosetta/-/35061-instruments?fbodylongid=1644 |access-date=5 March 2023 |publisher=ESA}}</ref> |- |IES |Ion da Electron Sensor |Electrons da ions: 1 eV/e-22 keV/e (dE/E = 0.04) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; |Rosetta IES <ref name="rosetta" /> |- |EPD |Mai gano ƙwayoyin kuzari |Particles (free hasken rana da waɗanda ke ƙunshe a cikin belin radiation na Van Allen):Protons: 15 keV-3 MeVAlphas: 25 keV-3 meVCNO: 60 keV-30 MeV [bayyanawa da ake buƙata]Electrons: 15 meV-1 MeV<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; |Sabon Halitta PEPSSI |- |NAC |Kamara mai kusurwa |Rashin wutar lantarki: 350-1050 nm6 μrad/pixel<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp; |Cassini {{Abbr|ISS|Imaging Science Subsystem}} |- |WAC |Kamara mai zurfi |Rashin wutar lantarki: 350-1050 nm60 μrad/pixel<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp; |Cassini ISS |- |RSE |Gwajin Kimiyya na Rediyo |[[X band|X]]-link" data-linkid="249" href="./S_band" id="mwAUU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="S band">S="cx-link" data-linkid="248" href="./Allan_variance" id="mwAUA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Allan variance">Bambancin Allan na oscillators na rediyo: T = 100 s na 1×10<sup>−13</sup> Transponders aiki a S, X da K<nowiki><sub id="mwAUg">a</sub></nowiki> band<br />&nbsp;<br /> |Cassini {{Abbr|RSS|Radio Science Subsystem}} |- |MWR |Microwave Radiometer |Radiation electromagnetic: 0.6-22 GHz Samun har zuwa 80 dB yana ƙayyade yanayin [[Temperature|zafin jiki]] har zuwa 200 bar matsin yanayi<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp; |Juno MWR |- |DC |Mai Binciken Dust |Ƙarƙashin ƙura na duniya:10-15-10-9 [[Kilogram|kg]]-10 μm (radius) <br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp; |Cassini {{Abbr|CDA|Cosmic Dust Analyzer}} Horizons SDC<br /> |- style="background:#98FB98;" |DWE |Gwajin Doppler Wind |Saurin iska:Rashin 1 m / sYana ƙayyade bayanin iska har zuwa matsin yanayi na 20 bar<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp; |Huygens {{Abbr|DWE|Doppler Wind Experiment}} |- style="background:#98FB98;" |AP3 |Yanayin Yanayi na Yanayi |Yanayin zafi, matsin lamba da ƙididdigar ƙira: Rashin zurfi: 0-20 bar<br />&nbsp; |Huygens {{Abbr|HASI|Huygens Atmospheric Structure Instrument}} |- style="background:#98FB98;" |GCMS |Gas Chromatograph da Mass Spectrometer |[[Deuterium|D]]-linkid="287" href="./Atom" id="mwAY8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Atom">Atoms da [[Carbon monoxide|CO]]" id="mwAZA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Chemical compound">mahaɗin: Abubuwa masu nauyi, iskar Gas mai daraja, mahimman isotopic ratios (H<nowiki><sub id="mwAZY">2</sub></nowiki>/He, D/H, PH<nowiki><sub id="mwAZo">3</sub></nowiki>, CO) da nau'in rashin daidaituwa<br />[[Disequilibrium species|Nau'in da ba su da daidaituwa]] |Huygens {{Abbr|GCMS|Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometer}} |- style="background:#98FB98;" |AS & NEP |Tsarin Samfurin Aerosol da Nephelometer |Girman ƙwayoyin yanayi: 0.2-20 μm (radius) Yana aiki a maida hankali har zuwa 1 cm [bayyanawa da ake buƙata]<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;  |Huygens {{Abbr|ACP|Aerosol Collector and Pyrolyser}} GPNE [bayani da ake buƙata]<br />  |} == MUSE a matsayin sabon aikin New Frontiers == A cikin shekara ta 2014, an saki takarda da ke la'akari da MUSE a ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawa na ingantaccen aikin New Frontiers. Wannan ya haɗa da farashin dala biliyan 1.5, kuma ɗayan manyan bambance-bambance shine amfani da rokar Atlas V 551. == Dubi kuma == * Yanayin sararin samaniya na Uranus * Binciken Uranus * Watanni na Uranus ; Shirin aikin Uranus * Odinus * NASA Uranus orbiter da bincike * Oceanus * Mai gano hanyar Uranus == Manazarta == 8h00c7akpg99l92qqii7505qooobyt5 Malikization na Maghreb 0 178949 967795 966438 2026-10-15T08:51:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967795 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosque_of_Oqba_Courtyard,_Kairouan.jpg|right|thumb|260x260px|Babban Masallacin Kairouan ko Masallacin Uqba yana da suna, tun daga karni na 9, na kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin makarantar Maliki.]]{{Databox}} '''Malikization na Maghreb''' shine tsari na ƙarfafa karɓar [[Malikiyya|Makarantar Maliki]] (wanda [[Imam Malik Ibn Anas|Malik ibn Anas]] ya kafa) na Sunni Islama a cikin Maghreb, musamman a cikin ƙarni na 11 da 12, don cutar da mazaunan [[Shi'a|Shia]] da Kharijite na Magheb. Wannan tsari ya faru ne yayin da malaman Maliki suka kara samun tasiri, wanda ya haifar da karɓar makarantar shari'ar Maliki da kuma ƙaddamar da wasu nau'ikan Islama. An dauki Malikism a matsayin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma bambancin addinin Sunni.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Toral |first=Isabel |title=The Umayyad Dynasty and the Western Maghreb. A Transregional Perspective. |url=https://medievalworlds.net/0xc1aa5576%200x003d894f.pdf}}</ref> == Tarihi == Bayan [[Mulkin umayyad a arewacin afrika|Nasarar Musulmi a Maghreb]], ƙungiyoyin Musulunci daban-daban sun fara tasowa a yankin. Kodayake yawancin mazaunan Ifriqiya sun bi addinin Sunni, adawa da [[Khalifancin Umayyawa|Umayyad]] da [[Daular Abbasiyyah|Abbasid]] Caliphates sun fara fitowa a yamma da tsakiyar Maghreb. A cikin waɗannan yankuna, [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]]" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Zaydism">Zaydi Shi'ism, Isma'ili Shi'ism، Kharijite [[Ibadi|Ibadism]] da Kharijite Sufrism duk an kafa su sosai. Rashin amincewa da kuma ware jam'iyyun siyasa a [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] da [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] a karni na 8 ya sa masu wa'azi na addini da masu adawa da siyasa suka yi hijira zuwa Maghreb, wadanda suka tuba da yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0" /> === Kharijites === Yunkurin Kharijite Ibadi ya isa Arewacin Afirka a shekara ta 719, lokacin da aka aika mishan Salma ibn Sa'd daga Ibadi ''Jama'a'' na [[Basra]] a [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] zuwa Kairouan a Ifriqiya, wanda ya sami nasarar juyar da manyan kabilun [[Abzinawa|Berber]] na Huwara a kusa da [[Tripoli]], a cikin Dutsen Nafusa da Zenata a yammacin Tripolitania a shekara ta 740. : 37-38 Kharijism ya kasance a farkon mafi kyawun nau'in Islama ga Berbers, da farko saboda jaddada daidaito na dukkan Musulmai. Duk da wannan, imanin ya kasance tare da girmamawa mai girma ga iy[[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali]] Ali, wanda ya ba da izinin tasowa na sarakunan Sharifian daban-daban (ya'yan [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]] kai tsaye) a cikin Maghreb, kamar daular Zaydi Shari'a Idrisid . === Shi'a === Maghreb a tarihi yana da yawan Shia Larabawa, kamar su Zaydi [[Daular Idrisid|Idrisids]] da kabilun Bedouin na Banu Hilal da Banu Sulaym waɗanda suka yi hijira zuwa Maghreb. A cikin shekara ta 893, wani mishan na Shia na Larabawa da aka sani da Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i ya isa Maghreb daga [[Yemen]], wanda daga baya ya canza Kutama na arewa maso gabashin Aljeriya zuwa Ismaili Shi'ism. Wadannan sun zo ne a karkashin mulkin Daular Fatimid wanda ya shirya sojoji don yaƙi da daular Mu'tazilite Sunni Aghlabid na Ifriqiya . Bayan yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa da Aghlabids, Fatimids sun yi nasara a cikin 909 kuma sun ci Ifriqiya, sun kafa Fatimid Caliphate. An bayyana [[Daular Idrisid|Idrisids]] na yammacin Maghreb (Morocco na yanzu) a matsayin daular Zaydi Shia wacce ta yi ƙoƙari ta gabatar da koyarwar Shia Islama a Maghreb. Da yake sun fito ne daga [[Yankin Larabawa]], Idris ibn Abdallah da zuriyarsa sun kawo tare da su wani nau'i na archaic Shi'ism wanda yayi kama da Zaydism. === Mu'tazilite Hanafites === Daular Aghlabid, wacce ta yi mulki a Ifriqiya daga 800 zuwa 909 a matsayin magoya bayan Abbasids, sun bi koyarwar Mu'tazilite a cikin [[Hanafiyya|Hanafi]] Sunni Islam. Da zarar an karɓi Mu'tazilism a matsayin koyarwar hukuma ta Khalifancin Abbasid na Baghdad a lokacin mulkin Khalifa Al-Ma'mun (813-833), Aghlabids sun bi hakan kuma sun sanya shi a matsayin hukuma a Ifriqiya. Wannan ya sadu da adawa daga mafi yawan Maliki na Ifriqiya, musamman saboda ƙin Mu'tazilite na imani na Orthodox cewa Alkur'ani kalma ce ta Allah ta har abada sabili da haka ba a halicce ta ba. Kodayake Aghlabids sun fahimci tasirin siyasa na shugabannin addinai na [[Malikiyya|Maliki]], dukansu ba su iya ba kuma ba sa son canza tsarin gwamnati don daidaitawa da imanin su.: 57 <nowiki><i id="mwgg">qāḍī</i></nowiki> (alƙali) na Kairouan ya bi makarantar Hanafi kuma ya amince da manufar Khalq al-Alkur'ani (halitta Alkur'ani). Aghlabids sun fi 'Yan Iraki a matsayin alƙalai mafi girma, yayin da viziers suna da alaƙa da makarantar Maliki. An tsananta wa wasu Malikis saboda kin amincewa da imanin Mu'tazilite, kamar Sahsun, wanda ya sha wahala a lokacin mulkin Sarkin sarakuna Muhammad I ibn al-Aghlab (841-856) saboda kin amincewar ra'ayin Mu'tajilite cewa an halicci Alkur'ani.<ref name=":4" /> : 57 : 57  == Malikization == Shekaru biyu kawai bayan nasarar musulmi na Maghreb, Malikism ya zama babbar makarantar Musulunci ta yankin. Wannan a hankali ya sa Ibadism ya ragu kuma ya ɓace daga yawancin yankuna a cikin Maghreb. A tsakiyar karni na goma, Kharijism ya mutu a Arewacin Afirka. Al'ummomin Kharijite sun raunana sosai ta hanyar haɗin kai tare da Maliki Umayyad Andalus da kuma asarar ikon [[Cinikin bayi na Sahara|Cinikin bayi]].<ref name=":0" /> A cewar Allaoua Amara, tsarin Malikization ya fara ne a karkashin Fatimid Caliphate . Bugu da ƙari, Hammadids sun ba da gudummawa ga tsari ta hanyar sanya Malikism a Hodna bayan sun kafa babban birnin su, [[Beni Hammad Fort|Qal'at Bani Hammad]] . Al'ummomin Ibadi a [[Tiaret|Tahert]] da Zab sun riga sun raunana ta hanyar shiga tsakani na soja na Umayyad, juyawa zuwa Malikism, shirya manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci na Maliki, kuma a ƙarshe, isowar Bedouin Banu Hilal da Banu Sulaym, waɗanda suka tilasta Ibadi Berbers zuwa gudun hijira. Daular Zirid, wacce ke zaune a sansanin Maliki na Ifriqiya, ta goyi bayan yaduwar Malikism a yankunan da suke sarrafawa, duk da kasancewa ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar Isma'ili Shia Fatimid Caliphate.<ref name=":0" /> A cikin 1016, Malikis a Ifriqiya ya fara zama mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a rayuwar jama'a kuma yana sukar asalin sarakunan Zirid tare da Shia Islam, kuma da zarar Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis ya zama mai mulki, tashin hankali na Sunni ya fara a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1016, farawa daga Kairouan kuma daga baya ya bazu a duk Ifriqiye. Kimanin Isma'ili Shi'ites 20,000 an ce 'yan ta'adda na Malikite sun kashe su, tare da yardar gwamnati. Malikism ya ci gaba da yaduwa a tsakiyar Maghreb a lokacin mulkin Almoravids da Almohads waɗanda suka goyi bayan inganta wannan makarantar shari'ar Musulunci. Sun inganta rawar Maliki [[Ulama'u|Ulamai]] a birane da garuruwa da yawa kamar [[Tlemcen]], Mazouna, [[Béjaïa|Bejaia]] da [[Constantine, Aljeriya|Constantine]] . <ref name="djazairess9">{{Cite web |title=Djazairess : Le rôle des Oulémas dans la préservation de l'unité du référent religieux au Maghreb et en Afrique souligné à Biskra |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/441624 |access-date=2021-01-13 |website=djazairess.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023172812/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/441624 |archive-date=2023-10-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Banu Hilal da Banu Sulaym, duka kabilun Isma'ili Shia Bedouin Larabawa, Fatimids ne suka tura su zuwa Maghreb don azabtar da Zirids saboda sun watsar da Isma'ili Shi'ism don goyon bayan Maliki Sunnism, wanda ya haifar da kimanin 1,000,000 Larabawa makiyaya da suka koma yankin.<ref name=":13">{{Cite book|last3=Idris El Hareir, Ravane Mbaye}}</ref> Duk da yake wasu dalilai da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ƙaurawar waɗannan kabilun Larabawa zuwa Maghreb, gami da fari mai tsawo na shekaru bakwai a Misira, mamayewar Bedouin na Maghreb a ƙarni na 11 an tabbatar da su ne da farko a kan tushen addini. A sakamakon sauye-sauye na kawance, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a lokacin mulkin Almoravids, Hafsids, [[Masarautar Tlemcen|Zayyanids]] da Marinids, yawancin Banu Hilal da Banu Sulaym sun ci gaba da karɓar makarantar Maliki ta Sunni Islama. <ref name=":3" /> Mai shari'a na Almoravid na karni na 12 Qadi Iyad, wani Maliki wanda ya yi tsayayya da koyarwar Mu'tazilite, yana ambaton aikin Malik ibn Anas, ya rubuta: "Ya ce game da wani wanda ya ce an halicci Alkur'ani, "Shi marar imani ne, don haka kashe shi."Ya ce a cikin fassarar Ibn Nafi', "Ya kamata a yi masa bulala kuma a yi masa duka da zafi kuma a ɗaure shi har sai ya tuba."A cikin fassarar Bishr ibn Bakr at-Tinnisi mun sami, "An kashe shi kuma ba a yarda da tuba ba".[1] == Dubi kuma == * [[Malikiyya|Makarantar Maliki]] * [[Malikism a Algeria|Malikism a Aljeriya]] * [[Imam Malik Ibn Anas|Malik ibn Anas]] * [[Mulkin umayyad a arewacin afrika|Nasarar Musulmi a Maghreb]] * 1016 Kisan kiyashi na Ismaili a Ifriqiya == Manazarta == ri3ohsa4rhbrlw8qxwb2e4fnu1scgrb Manyan Hanyoyi a Jihar Gombe 0 179055 967803 966744 2026-10-15T09:44:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967803 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Manyan hanyoyi a Jihar Gombe''' su ne manyan hanyoyin sufuri da ke haɗa [[Gombe (birni)|Babban Birnin Jihar Gombe]], ƙananan hukumomi, garuruwa da sauran jihohin [[Najeriya]]. Waɗannan hanyoyi suna da muhimmanci wajen jigilar mutane, kayan amfanin gona, dabbobi da kayayyakin kasuwanci. Hanyoyin sun haɗa da waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tarayya da kuma waɗanda gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ke ginawa da gyarawa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Motorists recall tales of pains, despair on federal highways across Nigeria |url=https://punchng.com/motorists-recall-tales-of-pains-despair-on-federal-highways-across-nigeria/ |work=Punch |date=2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gombe SEC okays N13.3bn for Road Projects |url=https://punchng.com/gombe-sec-okays-n13-3bn-for-road-projects/ |work=Punch |date=7 February 2020}}</ref> == Manyan hanyoyi == === Hanyar Gombe–Bauchi === [[Hanyar Gombe–Bauchi]] na daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin da ke haɗa Jihar Gombe da Jihar Bauchi. Hanyar tana taimakawa wajen zirga-zirgar fasinjoji da jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin jihohin biyu da sauran yankunan arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. A watan Fabrairun 2026, Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Tarayya ta sanar da kammala wasu ayyukan gaggawa na gyaran sassan hanyar, ciki har da gyaran wuraren da ruwa ya lalata da gefunan hanya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigerian Govt Inaugurates Emergency Road, Bridge Works in Gombe |url=https://von.gov.ng/nigerian-govt-inaugurates-emergency-road-bridge-works-in-gombe/ |work=Voice of Nigeria |date=14 February 2026}}</ref> === Hanyar Gombe–Yola === Hanyar Gombe–Yola muhimmiyar hanya ce da ke haɗa Jihar Gombe da Yola, babban birnin Jihar Adamawa. Tana bi ta wasu garuruwa da ƙauyuka, ciki har da Kumo, Kalmai, Kaltungo da Bambam, kafin ta nufi Adamawa. Hanyar tana da amfani wajen zirga-zirgar kasuwanci da jigilar amfanin gona da sauran kayayyaki. A watan Fabrairun 2026, an sanar da kammala gyaran wasu gadoji da suka lalace a kan wannan hanyar, musamman a yankin Ture na ƙaramar hukumar Kaltungo.<ref>{{cite news |title=FG Opens New Bridges and Road Projects in Gombe State |url=https://punchng.com/fg-opens-bridges-other-projects-in-gombe/ |work=Punch |date=11 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Government 2022 Approved Budget Summary |url=https://www.gombestate.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/approved-gombe-state-goverment-2022-budget-ncoa.pdf |website=Gombe State Government |date=2022 |access-date=2026-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251126233455/https://gombestate.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/approved-gombe-state-goverment-2022-budget-ncoa.pdf |archive-date=2025-11-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Hanyar Gombe–Biu === Hanyar Gombe–Biu tana haɗa Gombe da Biu a Jihar Borno, kuma tana cikin muhimman hanyoyin sufuri na yankin arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Hanyar tana da muhimmanci ga kasuwanci, zirga-zirgar jama'a da ayyukan tattalin arziki tsakanin al'ummomin jihohin Gombe da Borno. A ranar 4 ga Yunin 2026, gwamnatin tarayya ta ƙaddamar da aikin sake ginawa da faɗaɗa wani ɓangare na hanyar mai tsawon kilomita 125, a matsayin wani ɓangare na babbar hanyar Akwanga–Jos–Bauchi–Gombe–Biu–Maiduguri.<ref>{{cite news |title=After years of broken promises, Tinubu flags off construction of Gombe–Biu–Maiduguri highway |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/885109-after-years-of-broken-promises-tinubu-flags-off-construction-of-gombe-biu-maiduguri-highway.html |work=Premium Times |date=4 June 2026}}</ref> === Hanyar Gombe–Potiskum === Hanyar Gombe–Potiskum tana haɗa Gombe da Potiskum a Jihar Yobe. Tana da muhimmanci wajen jigilar kayayyakin kasuwanci da amfanin gona tsakanin jihohin biyu. Hanyar ta haɗa da wasu rassan da ke bi ta yankunan ƙaramar hukumar Kwami da sauran al'ummomi. A shekarar 2020, gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta amince da kwangilar gina hanyar Malam Inna–Kundulum–Kurba–Potiskum domin inganta zirga-zirga da haɗin kai tsakanin al'ummomin yankin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gombe SEC okays N13.3bn for Road Projects |url=https://punchng.com/gombe-sec-okays-n13-3bn-for-road-projects/ |work=Punch |date=7 February 2020}}</ref> === Hanyar Gombe–Dukku === Hanyar Gombe–Dukku tana haɗa babban birnin jihar da Dukku, ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomin Jihar Gombe. Tana taimakawa wajen zirga-zirgar mazauna yankunan karkara zuwa birni da kuma jigilar kayayyakin noma da kasuwanci. Hanyar tana daga cikin hanyoyin tarayya da aka ambata a cikin rahotannin matsalolin sufuri a jihar, inda aka bayyana cewa wasu sassan hanyoyin suna buƙatar gyara domin inganta amincin masu amfani da su.<ref>{{cite news |title=Motorists recall tales of pains, despair on federal highways across Nigeria |url=https://punchng.com/motorists-recall-tales-of-pains-despair-on-federal-highways-across-nigeria/ |work=Punch |date=2019}}</ref> === Hanyar Billiri–Filiya === Hanyar Billiri–Filiya tana cikin hanyoyin da ke taimakawa wajen haɗa al'ummomin kudancin Jihar Gombe. Tana da muhimmanci ga manoma, 'yan kasuwa da sauran masu zirga-zirga tsakanin Billiri da Filiya da yankunan da ke kewaye. A cikin bayanan ayyukan gyaran hanyoyi na gwamnatin tarayya na shekarar 2024, an ware kuɗi domin gyaran sassan hanyar Billiri–Filiya da suka lalace.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tracking 2024 FG Consolidated Capital Projects in Gombe |url=https://tracka-mobile-images.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/GOMBE%20ST.pdf |website=Tracka |date=2024}}</ref> === Hanyar Bajoga–Ashaka Gari === Hanyar Bajoga–Ashaka Gari tana haɗa wasu al'ummomin yankin arewacin Jihar Gombe, ciki har da yankin da ke da alaƙa da masana'antar siminti ta Ashaka. Tana da muhimmanci wajen jigilar kayayyakin masana'antu da amfanin gona da kuma zirga-zirgar mazauna yankin. Kasafin kuɗin Jihar Gombe na shekarar 2022 ya ƙunshi tanadin kuɗi domin ayyukan da suka shafi wannan hanyar, wanda ke nuna muhimmancin inganta hanyoyin haɗin al'umma a jihar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Government 2022 Approved Budget Summary |url=https://www.gombestate.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/approved-gombe-state-goverment-2022-budget-ncoa.pdf |website=Gombe State Government |date=2022 |access-date=2026-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251126233455/https://gombestate.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/approved-gombe-state-goverment-2022-budget-ncoa.pdf |archive-date=2025-11-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Hanyar Gombe Abba–Dukurfi === Hanyar Gombe Abba–Dukurfi tana haɗa al'ummomin Gombe Abba da Dukurfi, tare da taimakawa wajen zirga-zirgar jama'a da jigilar kayayyaki a yankin. A shekarar 2022, gwamnatin tarayya ta bayyana aikin gina hanyar mai tsawon kilomita 53 a Gombe da Bauchi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da Hukumar Raya Arewa maso Gabas (NEDC) za ta gudanar domin inganta hanyoyin sufuri a yankin.<ref>{{cite news |title=FG approves N54.82bn for projects in two ministries |url=https://punchng.com/fg-approves-n54-82bn-for-projects-in-two-ministries/ |work=Punch |date=2022}}</ref> === Hanyar Degri–Reme–Talasse === Hanyar Degri–Reme–Talasse tana cikin hanyoyin da ke taimakawa wajen haɗa al'ummomin ƙaramar hukumar Balanga da sauran sassan jihar. Tana da amfani wajen jigilar amfanin gona da sauƙaƙa zirga-zirgar mazauna yankunan karkara. A shekarar 2020, gwamnatin jihar ta amince da kwangilar aikin hanyar Degiri–Dembele–Talasse domin inganta sufuri da haɗin kan al'ummomin yankin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gombe SEC okays N13.3bn for Road Projects |url=https://punchng.com/gombe-sec-okays-n13-3bn-for-road-projects/ |work=Punch |date=7 February 2020}}</ref> == Muhimmancin manyan hanyoyi == Manyan hanyoyin Jihar Gombe suna da muhimmanci wajen haɓaka tattalin arziki, saboda suna taimakawa manoma wajen kai amfanin gona kasuwanni, 'yan kasuwa wajen jigilar kayayyaki, da mazauna ƙauyuka wajen samun damar zuwa makarantu da cibiyoyin lafiya. Hanyoyin da ke haɗa Gombe da jihohin Bauchi, Yobe, Adamawa da Borno suna kuma taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa kasuwanci da haɗin kai a yankin arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=After years of broken promises, Tinubu flags off construction of Gombe–Biu–Maiduguri highway |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/885109-after-years-of-broken-promises-tinubu-flags-off-construction-of-gombe-biu-maiduguri-highway.html |work=Premium Times |date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Matsalolin hanyoyi == Duk da muhimmancinsu, wasu hanyoyin jihar suna fuskantar matsalolin lalacewa, ramuka, zaizayar ƙasa da lalacewar gadoji sakamakon ruwan sama. Waɗannan matsaloli na iya ƙara tsawon lokacin tafiya, jawo lalacewar ababen hawa da kawo cikas ga kasuwanci. A watan Fabrairun 2026, gwamnatin tarayya ta sanar da kammala wasu ayyukan gaggawa a kan hanyoyin Gombe–Bauchi da Gombe–Yola domin inganta zirga-zirga da amincin masu amfani da hanyoyin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigerian Govt Inaugurates Emergency Road, Bridge Works in Gombe |url=https://von.gov.ng/nigerian-govt-inaugurates-emergency-road-bridge-works-in-gombe/ |work=Voice of Nigeria |date=14 February 2026}}</ref> == Gyaran hanyoyi da ayyukan raya ƙasa == Gwamnatin tarayya da gwamnatin Jihar Gombe suna aiwatar da shirye-shiryen gina sabbin hanyoyi, gyara waɗanda suka lalace da faɗaɗa wasu manyan hanyoyi. A watan Janairun 2026, Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Gombe ta amince da kwangilolin ayyukan hanyoyi da ababen more rayuwa da suka kai sama da naira biliyan 35. Ayyukan sun haɗa da gina sabbin hanyoyi da sake gina wasu hanyoyi masu muhimmanci a jihar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gombe SEC approves N35bn for major road, infrastructure upgrades |url=https://punchng.com/gombe-sec-approves-n35bn-for-major-road-infrastructure-upgrades/ |work=Punch |date=1 January 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Sufuri a Najeriya]] * [[Hanyar Gombe–Biu]] * [[Hanyar Gombe–Yola]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ls0zq14r9csrfqp2yrqa8ty81eon383 Bikin Soundedit 0 179081 967558 966886 2026-10-14T13:46:56Z Mahuta 11340 967558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Soundedit biki ne na duniya na shekara-shekara wanda aka keɓe ga masu shirya kiɗa da masu tsara sauti. Tun lokacin da aka fara shi a shekarar 2009, bikin yana gudana a Łódź., [[Poland]]. Babban kyautar bikin shine '''Mutumin da ke da lambar yabo ta Golden Ear''' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Festival - Soundedit |url=https://soundedit.pl/about-festival/ |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=soundedit.pl}}</ref> == Wadanda suka ci nasara == === 2009 === * Daniel Lanois * Gareth Jones * Grzegorz Ciechowski (bayan mutuwarsa) === 2010 === * Adrian Sherwood * Andrzej Smolik * Martin Hannett (bayan mutuwarsa) === 2011 === * Mark "Jini" Ellis * Daniel Miller * [[Adam Toczko]] === 2012 === * Martin ya kasance a cikin Glover * [[Józef B. Nowakowski]] * Steve Osborne * Eugeniusz Rudnik * Tim Simenon === 2013 === * Dan Austin * Haydn Bendall * [[Władysław Komendarek]] * Bill Laswell === 2014 === * Karl Bartos * Howard Bernstein (Howie B) * John Cale * Lech Janerka === 2015 === * Bob Geldof * Roger Glover * Wojciech Waglewski * Józef Skrzek * [[Leszek Biolik]] === 2016 === * Brian Eno * Daular Alec * Adam Nowak * George Martin === 2017 === * Marek Biliński * Gary Numan * Michael Nyman * Tony Visconti === 2018 === * Andrzej Korzyński * Giorgio Moroder * Katarzyna Nosowska === 2019 === * Craig Leon * Jan Borysewicz * Mick Harvey * Stanislaw Soyka * Steve Albini === 2020 === * Jan Kanty Pauśkiewicz * Roli Mosimann === 2021 === * Midge Ure * Skalpel * Tomek Lipiński === 2022 === * Barry Adamson * Leszek Kamiński * Nick Mason * Piotr Madziar === 2023 === * Hania Rani * Irena Hussar * Michał Urbaniak === 2024 === * Steve Lyon * Chris Thomas * Czesław Niemen * Tadeusz Mieczkowski <blockquote>''A ranar 26 ga Oktoba 2024, bikin Golden Ears Awards ya gabatar da kyaututtuka kuma ya yi bikin ayyukan mutane 4 na kiɗa waɗanda suka tsara abubuwan da muka samu na kiɗa: Tadeusz Mieczkowski, Czesław Niemen (bayan mutuwarsa), Chris Thomas da Steve Lyon.''</blockquote> == Manazarta == 782kvide14j1d90n354vscy597y0ymo 967560 967558 2026-10-14T14:08:48Z Baby juuu 38856 /* 2024 */ 967560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Soundedit biki ne na duniya na shekara-shekara wanda aka keɓe ga masu shirya kiɗa da masu tsara sauti. Tun lokacin da aka fara shi a shekarar 2009, bikin yana gudana a Łódź., [[Poland]]. Babban kyautar bikin shine '''Mutumin da ke da lambar yabo ta Golden Ear''' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Festival - Soundedit |url=https://soundedit.pl/about-festival/ |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=soundedit.pl}}</ref> == Wadanda suka ci nasara == === 2009 === * Daniel Lanois * Gareth Jones * Grzegorz Ciechowski (bayan mutuwarsa) === 2010 === * Adrian Sherwood * Andrzej Smolik * Martin Hannett (bayan mutuwarsa) === 2011 === * Mark "Jini" Ellis * Daniel Miller * [[Adam Toczko]] === 2012 === * Martin ya kasance a cikin Glover * [[Józef B. Nowakowski]] * Steve Osborne * Eugeniusz Rudnik * Tim Simenon === 2013 === * Dan Austin * Haydn Bendall * [[Władysław Komendarek]] * Bill Laswell === 2014 === * Karl Bartos * Howard Bernstein (Howie B) * John Cale * Lech Janerka === 2015 === * Bob Geldof * Roger Glover * Wojciech Waglewski * Józef Skrzek * [[Leszek Biolik]] === 2016 === * Brian Eno * Daular Alec * Adam Nowak * George Martin === 2017 === * Marek Biliński * Gary Numan * Michael Nyman * Tony Visconti === 2018 === * Andrzej Korzyński * Giorgio Moroder * Katarzyna Nosowska === 2019 === * Craig Leon * Jan Borysewicz * Mick Harvey * Stanislaw Soyka * Steve Albini === 2020 === * Jan Kanty Pauśkiewicz * Roli Mosimann === 2021 === * Midge Ure * Skalpel * Tomek Lipiński === 2022 === * Barry Adamson * Leszek Kamiński * Nick Mason * Piotr Madziar === 2023 === * Hania Rani * Irena Hussar * Michał Urbaniak === 2024 === * Steve Lyon * Chris Thomas * Czesław Niemen * Tadeusz Mieczkowski <blockquote>''A ranar 26 ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta 2024, bikin Golden Ears Awards ya gabatar da kyaututtuka kuma ya yi bikin ayyukan mutane 4 na kiɗa waɗanda suka tsara abubuwan da muka samu na kiɗa: Tadeusz Mieczkowski, Czesław Niemen (bayan mutuwarsa), Chris Thomas da Steve Lyon.''</blockquote> == Manazarta == kn7xvkwk9n2gxg48pdlg34hs8ne5b86 Kifi mai launin toka 0 179085 967557 966932 2026-10-14T13:45:58Z Mahuta 11340 967557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kingfisher mai launin toka ('''''Halcyon leucocephala''''') nau'in tsuntsaye ne a cikin dangin kingfisher, Alcedinidae . Ana samunsa a fadin manyan sassan [[Afirka]] da kudancin Arabiya, daga [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]] ta hanyar Senegal da [[Gambiya]], gabas zuwa [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Somaliya]], [[Yemen]], [[Oman]] da [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]], da kudu har zuwa [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Hakanan ana samunsa a tsibirai a bakin tekun Afirka kamar tsibirin Cape Verde da Zanzibar . == Tarihin lissafi == Bayani na farko na tsutsu mai launin toka shine masanin ilimin dabbobi na Jamus Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller a cikin shekara ta 1776. Ya kirkiro [[Nomenclature na binomial|Sunan binomial]] ''Alcedo leucocephala'' . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=James L. Peters}}</ref> Masanin halitta na Ingila da mai zane William Swainson ne ya gabatar da nau'in ''Halcyon'' na yanzu a cikin 1821.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=William Swainson}}</ref> Sunan jinsin ya fito ne daga harshen Girkanci na gargajiya, tsuntsu ne na almara, wanda ke da alaƙa da mai kifi. Takamaiman ma'anar ''Leukocephala'' ya fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci na gargajiya leukos ma'anar "farin" da ''-kephalos'' don "-kai". An san nau'o'i biyar: <ref name="ioc">{{Cite web |year=2017 |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |title=Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers |url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/rollers/ |access-date=28 May 2017 |website=World Bird List Version 7.2 |publisher=International Ornithologists' Union}}</ref> * H. l. acteon <small> (Lesson, R, 1830) </small> - [[Cabo Verde|Tsibirin Cape Verde]] * ''H. l. leucocephala'' <small> (Statius Müller, PL, 1776) </small> - Senegal da Gambiya zuwa arewa maso yammacin Somalia, arewacin Tanzania da arewacin DR Congo * ''H. l. semicaerulea'' <small> (Gmelin, JF, 1788) </small> - kudancin yankin Arabiya * ''H. l. hyacinthina'' Reichenow, 1900 - kudu maso gabashin Somalia zuwa Tanzania * ''H. l. pallidiventris'' <small>Cabanis, 1880</small> - kudancin DR Congo zuwa arewa maso yammacin Tanzania da kudu zuwa arewacin Afirka ta Kudu == Bayyanawa == [[File:Martin-chasseur_à_tête_grise.JPG|left|thumb|Mai kifi mai launin toka, a cikin Gidan shakatawa na Akagera, Rwanda]] Jinsi suna kama da juna. Manya na tseren ''H. l. leucocephala&nbsp;'' yana da launin toka mai launin toka, baƙar fata da baya, launin shudi mai haske, fuka-fuki da wutsiya, da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙanƙara. Subspecies ''H. l. pallidiventris&nbsp;'' yana da launin toka mai duhu da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta amma in ba haka ba yayi kama da haka. Bakinsa yana da tsawo, ja kuma yana da kaifi. Wannan tsuntsu yana girma zuwa matsakaicin tsawon {{Convert|21|cm|in|1}} in). Waƙar ta kasance jerin bayanan rubutu, hawa, saukowa sannan kuma hawa, ta zama mai ƙarfi. Kira na gargadi shine jerin bayanan da suka fi kaifi, "tchk, tchk, tchк". == Rarraba da mazaunin == Ana samun mai launin toka mai suna kingfisher a cikin wurare masu zafi da tsaka-tsaki na Afirka da kuma yankin Larabawa. Yankin ya hada da Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Kamaru, Cape Verde, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Chadi, Kongo, Jamhuryar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Eswatini, Habasha, Gabon, Gambiya, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Iran, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Nijar, Najeriya, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Saliyo, Somalia, Sudan ta Kudu, Sudan, Yemen, Uganda, Uganda, da Zimbabwe. Gidansa na yau da kullun shine gandun daji, wuraren da aka noma, har zuwa tsawo na kimanin {{Convert|2200|m|ft|-2}} m (7,200 . == Muhalli == [[File:Halcyon_leucocephala_MHNT_ZOO_2010_11_160_RdN_Santiago_Cap-Vert.jpg|thumb|Kwayoyin biyu na ''Halcyon leucocephala'']] Wani mai kifi mai bushewa na daji da gandun daji, shi kaɗai ko a nau'i-nau'i, sau da yawa ana samunsa kusa da ruwa, amma ba kamar yawancin masu kifi ba ruwa ba ne. Yana tsaye a kan reshe, ba ya motsawa na dogon lokaci yayin da yake kallon ƙasa don alamun kwari ko ƙananan lizards, yana jujjuya kai kafin ya nutse a kan ganima. A bayyanar kamar mai launin ruwan kasa amma tare da ja maimakon ja da baƙar fata kuma yayi kama da mai kama da mai kifi na gandun daji, amma mai kifi na gandun daji ba shi da ciki kuma yana da mafi yawan gashin gashi a baya. Yana da gidaje a cikin ramuka a cikin koguna masu tsawo kuma yana da kariya sosai ga gida ta hanyar maimaita fashewar bom na masu sa ido. Yana da kwayar cuta ta hanyar jagorar zuma mafi girma. Wannan nau'in yana ƙaura da dare kuma sau da yawa ana kashe shi ta hanyar tashi cikin cikas kamar gine-gine, hasumiyoyi da layin wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodall, P.F. |date=2020 |title=Grey-headed Kingfisher (''Halcyon leucocephala'') |url=http://www.hbw.com/node/55752 |journal=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive |publisher=Lynx Edicions, Barcelona |doi=10.2173/bow.gyhkin1.01 |access-date=24 November 2016}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == s9xm244m7ln1xwetwe6xpftleteu3ao Yankin shuke-shuke 0 179087 967555 966954 2026-10-14T13:44:13Z Mahuta 11340 967555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Sagebrush.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Sagebrush]] Shrub-steppe wani nau'i ne na ƙasa mai ruwan sama. Duk da yake busasshiyar, shrub-steppes suna da isasshen danshi don tallafawa murfin ciyawa ko shrubs, fasalin da ke rarrabe su daga hamada. Hanyoyin muhalli na farko a tarihi a aiki a cikin yanayin halittu na shrub-steppe shine [[fari]] da [[Muhalli na wuta|wuta]]. Nau'o'in shuke-shuke na shuke-tsire sun haɓaka takamaiman daidaitawa ga ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da yanayin fari na rani. Daidaitawar shuke-shuke zuwa tsarin danshi daban-daban na ƙasa yana rinjayar rarraba su. tsarin wuta mai yawa a cikin shrub-steppe kamar haka yana ƙarawa ga tsarin shrub da ciyawa wanda ke nuna yanayin shrub-stappe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shrub-Steppe Ecosystem |url=https://www.wnps.org/ecosystems#shrub-steppe |website=Ecosystems |publisher=Washington Native Plant Society}}</ref> == Arewacin Amurka == [[File:2013-07-04_15_37_14_Sagebrush-steppe_along_U.S._Route_93_in_central_Elko_County_in_Nevada.jpg|thumb|Yankin Sagebrush a arewa maso gabashin Nevada tare da US 93]] [[File:Fire_near_Hammett_Idaho_2005.jpg|thumb|Shrub-steppe, daya daga cikin yanayin halittu mafi haɗari na Amurka, a wuta. ''Artemisia tridentata'' ssp. ''Wyomingensis'', ba kamar ponderosa pine ba, bai dace da wuta ba kuma a mafi yawan lokuta an lalata shi gaba ɗaya.]] Yankunan shrub na Arewacin Amurka suna faruwa a yammacin Amurka da yammacin Kanada, a cikin inuwa tsakanin [[Yankin Cascade|Cascades]] da Sierra Nevada a yamma da Rocky Mountains a gabas. Sun shimfiɗa daga kudu maso tsakiyar [[British Columbia]] zuwa kudu maso tsakiya da kudu maso gabashin [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], gabashin [[Oregon]], da gabashin [[California]], da kuma fadin [[Idaho]], [[Nevada]], da [[Utah]] zuwa yammacin [[Wyoming]] da [[Colorado]], da kuma sauka zuwa arewa da tsakiyar [[New Mexico]] da arewacin [[Arizona]]. Girma ya mamaye da farko ta ƙananan shrubs, kamar babban sagebrush (''Artemisia tridentata'') da bitterbrush (''Purshia tridentata''), tare da ruwan sama kaɗan don tallafawa ci gaban gandun daji, kodayake wasu bishiyoyi suna faruwa. Sauran tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci sune bunchgrasses kamar ''Pseudoroegneria spicata'', waɗanda a tarihi suka samar da abinci ga dabbobi da dabbobi na daji, amma ana maye gurbinsu da sauri da nau'ikan shekara-shekara kamar cheatgrass (''Bromus tectorum''), tumble mustard (''Sisymbrium altissimum''), da Russian thistle (''Salsola kali''). Har ila yau, akwai wasu dabbobi da ke kiran shrub-steppe gida, gami da sage grouse, pygmy rabbit, Western rattlesnake, da pronghorn. A tarihi, yawancin shrub-steppe a jihar Washington ana kiransu scabland saboda zurfin tashoshin da aka yanke cikin dutse mai tsabta ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa sama da shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata. Manyan barazanar da ke tattare da yanayin halittu sun hada da kiwo, gobara, mamayewa ta jinsunan da ba na asali ba, ci gaba (tun da yawancin sa suna a ƙananan tsaunuka), juyawa zuwa gonar amfanin gona, da ci gaban makamashi. Kasa da kashi 50% na tarihin shrub-steppe na jihar Washington ya kasance; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shrubsteppe Ecology |url=http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/research/projects/shrubsteppe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202153051/http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/research/projects/shrubsteppe/ |archive-date=2017-12-02 |access-date=2017-12-02 |publisher=Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife}}</ref> bisa ga wasu kimantawa, kawai 12 zuwa 15% ya kasance. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Threats to the Shrub-Steppe |url=http://www.wnps.org/ecosystems/shrubsteppe_eco/threats.htm |publisher=Washington Native Plant Society}}</ref> Yankunan da ke cikin tsaunuka na Arewacin Amurka sun hada da: * Babban gandun daji na Basin a gabashin California, tsakiyar Nevada, yammacin Utah, da kudu maso gabashin Idaho.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Great Basin shrub steppe|id=na1305}}</ref> * Yankin Snake-Columbia a kudancin tsakiyar jihar Washington, gabashin Oregon, arewa maso gabashin California, arewacin Nevada, da kudancin Idaho.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Snake-Columbia shrub steppe|id=na1309}}</ref> * Wyoming Basin shrub steppe a tsakiyar Wyoming, ya kai kudu maso tsakiyar Montana, arewa maso gabashin Utah, kudu maso gabashin Idaho, da arewa maso yammacin Colorado.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Wyoming Basin shrub steppe|id=na1313}}</ref> * Kudancin Okanagan shrub steppe a cikin Okanagan Valley a kudu maso tsakiyar British Columbia, da kuma kudancin Similkameen Valley a kudu-tsakiya na British Columbia da arewa maso tsakiyar Washington jihar. Kudancin Tsakiyar Rockies, Kwarin Montana da wuraren ciyawa, da kuma gandun daji na Blue Mountains suma suna dauke da shrub-steppes. == Dubi kuma == * Arid Lands Ecology Reserve (a cikin jihar Washington a Amurka) * Artemisia tridentata * Yankin hamada da shrublands * Rangeland * [[Yankin da ke cikin tsaunuka]] * Yankunan ciyawa, savannah, da kuma shrublands == Bayanan da aka ambata == dtj3ghwbawi2034va3eog9a7sajlgf3 Ntando Maduna 0 179140 967554 967104 2026-10-14T13:41:23Z Mahuta 11340 967554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ntando Maduna''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 (ashirin da tara) ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1992) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] na Majalisar Dokoki ta Afirka tun daga shekara ta 2024. == Ayyukan siyasa == A watan Yulin 2023 (shakarar dubu biyu ashirin dan tara), an zabi Maduna don aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar matasa ta African National Congress Youth League . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mavuso |first=Sihle |date=2023-07-03 |title=ANCYL NEC achieves gender parity, but no space for any young white leaders |url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2023-07-03-ancyl-nec-achieves-gender-parity-but-no-space-for-any-young-white-leaders/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> An zabi Maduna a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] a Babban zaben 2024 (shararar dubu biyu da a shirin da hudu) daga jerin sunayen ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2024, Maduna memba ne na Kwamitin Dindindin kan Babban Mai Bincike, Kwamitin Dandani kan Asusun Jama'a, da Kwamitin Fayil kan Sufuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ntando Maduna |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/ntando-maduna/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] akn2jv87a1acxs15q3u8dbyg103c3ip 967597 967554 2026-10-14T16:16:36Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ayyukan siyasa */ 967597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ntando Maduna''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 (ashirin da tara) ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1992) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] na Majalisar Dokoki ta Afirka tun daga shekara ta 2024. == Ayyukan siyasa == A watan Yuli shekara ta 2023 (shakarar dubu biyu ashirin dan tara), an zabi Maduna don aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar matasa ta African National Congress Youth League . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mavuso |first=Sihle |date=2023-07-03 |title=ANCYL NEC achieves gender parity, but no space for any young white leaders |url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2023-07-03-ancyl-nec-achieves-gender-parity-but-no-space-for-any-young-white-leaders/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> An zabi Maduna a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] a Babban zaben 2024 (shararar dubu biyu da a shirin da hudu) daga jerin sunayen ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2024, Maduna memba ne na Kwamitin Dindindin kan Babban Mai Bincike, Kwamitin Dandani kan Asusun Jama'a, da Kwamitin Fayil kan Sufuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ntando Maduna |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/ntando-maduna/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] kva05dre5kaifnxdon2kkmn4gb4kcjx 967598 967597 2026-10-14T16:17:06Z Kamaf001 48297 967598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ntando Maduna''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 (ashirin da tara) ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif 1992) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] na Majalisar Dokoki ta Afirka tun daga shekara ta 2024. == Ayyukan siyasa == A watan Yuli shekara ta 2023 (shakarar dubu biyu ashirin dan tara), an zabi Maduna don aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar matasa ta African National Congress Youth League . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mavuso |first=Sihle |date=2023-07-03 |title=ANCYL NEC achieves gender parity, but no space for any young white leaders |url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2023-07-03-ancyl-nec-achieves-gender-parity-but-no-space-for-any-young-white-leaders/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> An zabi Maduna a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] a Babban zaben 2024 (shararar dubu biyu da a shirin da hudu) daga jerin sunayen ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2024, Maduna memba ne na Kwamitin Dindindin kan Babban Mai Bincike, Kwamitin Dandani kan Asusun Jama'a, da Kwamitin Fayil kan Sufuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ntando Maduna |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/ntando-maduna/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] p4k2dbehrc37xfz31cg5n79wkhwbckr 967599 967598 2026-10-14T16:18:15Z Kamaf001 48297 967599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ntando Maduna''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 (ashirin da tara) ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif 1992) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] na Majalisar Dokoki ta Afirka tun daga shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da hudu (2024). == Ayyukan siyasa == A watan Yuli shekara ta 2023 (shakarar dubu biyu ashirin dan tara), an zabi Maduna don aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar matasa ta African National Congress Youth League . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mavuso |first=Sihle |date=2023-07-03 |title=ANCYL NEC achieves gender parity, but no space for any young white leaders |url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2023-07-03-ancyl-nec-achieves-gender-parity-but-no-space-for-any-young-white-leaders/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> An zabi Maduna a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] a Babban zaben 2024 (shararar dubu biyu da a shirin da hudu) daga jerin sunayen ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2024, Maduna memba ne na Kwamitin Dindindin kan Babban Mai Bincike, Kwamitin Dandani kan Asusun Jama'a, da Kwamitin Fayil kan Sufuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ntando Maduna |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/ntando-maduna/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] kqpwdk044luxniaxcoj9ayuq1chpgbb 967817 967599 2026-10-15T10:45:55Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Bayanan da aka ambata */ 967817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ntando Maduna''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 (ashirin da tara) ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif 1992) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] na Majalisar Dokoki ta Afirka tun daga shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da hudu (2024). == Ayyukan siyasa == A watan Yuli shekara ta 2023 (shakarar dubu biyu ashirin dan tara), an zabi Maduna don aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar matasa ta African National Congress Youth League . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mavuso |first=Sihle |date=2023-07-03 |title=ANCYL NEC achieves gender parity, but no space for any young white leaders |url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2023-07-03-ancyl-nec-achieves-gender-parity-but-no-space-for-any-young-white-leaders/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> An zabi Maduna a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] a Babban zaben 2024 (shararar dubu biyu da a shirin da hudu) daga jerin sunayen ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2024, Maduna memba ne na Kwamitin Dindindin kan Babban Mai Bincike, Kwamitin Dandani kan Asusun Jama'a, da Kwamitin Fayil kan Sufuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ntando Maduna |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/ntando-maduna/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3t8lrq5hgo0zo1q9b0d3oxeotzbhtmc Bazza Hill 0 179188 967536 967470 2026-10-14T12:45:59Z Mahuta 11340 967536 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bazza Hill''' tudu ne da ke Karamar Hukumar Dukku, a [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Ana kuma kiransa da sunan Baza Hill. Tsayinsa ya kai kimanin mita 156 sama da matakin teku.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bazza Map – Hill – Dukku, Gombe State, Nigeria |url=https://mapcarta.com/17040464 |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Wuri da yanayin ƙasa == Bazza Hill yana a kusan latitud 10.94746° arewa da longitid 10.96618° gabas. Yana cikin yankin Dukku, a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bazza Hill, Dukku, Gombe State, Nigeria |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-2347393.html |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 6aeozq333p4b6wmt19k12xmrv2ugo82 Madaki Primary Health Care Centre, Gombe 0 179214 967534 967504 2026-10-14T12:45:05Z Mahuta 11340 967534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Madaki Primary Health Care Centre''' cibiyar kula da lafiya ce ta gwamnati da ke unguwar '''Bolari East''', a [[Gombe (birni)|birnin Gombe]], [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. An jera cibiyar a cikin kundin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na ƙaramar hukumar Gombe, da lambar rajista 15/06/1/1/1/0017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madaki Primary Health Care Center Bolari East, Gombe |url=https://thehospitalbook.com/madaki-primary-health-care-center/ |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi da ayyuka == Wani kundin bayanan kiwon lafiya ya nuna cewa an kafa cibiyar a ranar 1 ga Mayu 2014. An kuma lissafa ayyukan kula da mata masu juna biyu, rigakafi, tsarin iyali, kula da uwa da jariri, da ayyukan kula da wasu cututtuka a cikin ayyukan cibiyar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madaki Primary Health Care Center Bolari East, Gombe |url=https://thehospitalbook.com/madaki-primary-health-care-center/ |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> Wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2021 ya bayyana Madaki Health Care Centre a matsayin cibiyar kula da lafiya ta ƙaramar hukuma a cikin jerin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na birnin Gombe.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Primary Health Care Services Utilization in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology |date=2021 |url=https://ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT21JUN384.pdf |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Wuri == Cibiyar tana Bolari East, kusa da kasuwar Mammy, a birnin Gombe. An wallafa lambobin waya 0703 362 9855 da 0906 924 7798 a cikin kundin bayanan cibiyar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madaki Primary Health Care Center Gombe |url=https://branches.com.ng/branch-detail/Hospitals-and-Clinics-in-Nigeria-Madaki-Primary-Health-Care-Center-Gombe |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3nmj1aa8jl18w8fkux2qzz1tczrx7cc London Mai Doruwa Health Clinic, Gombe 0 179215 967505 2026-10-14T12:05:59Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''London Mai Doruwa Health Clinic''' cibiyar kula da lafiya ce da ke [[Ƙaramar Hukumar Gombe]], [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. An ambaci cibiyar a cikin takardun kasafin kuɗin gwamnatin Jihar Gombe, inda aka ware kuɗaɗe domin gyara ko sake gina ta.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Approved Budget for the Year 2025 |url=https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/openstates.ng.storage/documents/dataset_GOMBE%20STATE%20APPROVED%20BUDGET%20FOR%20THE%20YEAR%202025.pdf |access-date=14 Octo... 967505 wikitext text/x-wiki '''London Mai Doruwa Health Clinic''' cibiyar kula da lafiya ce da ke [[Ƙaramar Hukumar Gombe]], [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. An ambaci cibiyar a cikin takardun kasafin kuɗin gwamnatin Jihar Gombe, inda aka ware kuɗaɗe domin gyara ko sake gina ta.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Approved Budget for the Year 2025 |url=https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/openstates.ng.storage/documents/dataset_GOMBE%20STATE%20APPROVED%20BUDGET%20FOR%20THE%20YEAR%202025.pdf |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Gyara da sake gina cibiyar == Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta saka aikin gyara ko sake gina London Mai Doruwa Health Clinic a cikin kasafin kuɗinta na shekarar 2025, tare da ware naira miliyan 10 domin aikin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Approved Budget for the Year 2025 |url=https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/openstates.ng.storage/documents/dataset_GOMBE%20STATE%20APPROVED%20BUDGET%20FOR%20THE%20YEAR%202025.pdf |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> Rahoton aiwatar da kasafin kuɗin jihar na zangon biyu na shekarar 2024 ya kuma ambaci aikin gyara ko gina cibiyar, tare da ware naira miliyan 8 a cikin rahoton.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Government: 2024 Second Quarter Budget Implementation Report |url=https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/openstates.ng.storage/documents/dataset_Gombe%20state%20Q2%20BIR%202024.pdf |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} a19it8uda88xxg31qr4tvqqmp6q84wm Gombe State College of Education and Legal Studies, Nafada 0 179216 967506 2026-10-14T12:08:11Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Gombe State College of Education and Legal Studies''' (GSCOELS) babbar makarantar gaba da sakandare ce ta gwamnatin [[Jihar Gombe]], wadda take a [[Nafada]], Najeriya. Makarantar tana ba da horo a fannin ilimi da wasu fannoni da suka shafi karatun shari'a. Hukumar Kula da Kwalejojin Ilimi ta Ƙasa (NCCE) ta jera makarantar cikin kwalejojin ilimi na jihar Gombe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Accredited Colleges |url=https://ncce.gov.ng/AccreditedColleges/Index |access-date=14 October... 967506 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gombe State College of Education and Legal Studies''' (GSCOELS) babbar makarantar gaba da sakandare ce ta gwamnatin [[Jihar Gombe]], wadda take a [[Nafada]], Najeriya. Makarantar tana ba da horo a fannin ilimi da wasu fannoni da suka shafi karatun shari'a. Hukumar Kula da Kwalejojin Ilimi ta Ƙasa (NCCE) ta jera makarantar cikin kwalejojin ilimi na jihar Gombe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Accredited Colleges |url=https://ncce.gov.ng/AccreditedColleges/Index |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen karatu == Makarantar tana bayar da shirye-shiryen samun takardar shaidar koyarwa ta ƙasa (NCE), da wasu shirye-shiryen difloma. Daga cikin fannonin karatun da aka jera a shafin neman shiga makarantar akwai ilimin Larabci, Hausa, Turanci, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, kimiyyar kwamfuta da ilimin ɗakin karatu.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Programmes |url=https://gscoels.admissions.cloud/list_of_courses |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 9i4wauaq8weacvg9o1d80fsb78n4o8v 967533 967506 2026-10-14T12:44:33Z Mahuta 11340 967533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gombe State College of Education and Legal Studies''' (GSCOELS) babbar makarantar gaba da sakandare ce ta gwamnatin [[Jihar Gombe]], wadda take a [[Nafada]], Najeriya. Makarantar tana ba da horo a fannin ilimi da wasu fannoni da suka shafi karatun shari'a. Hukumar Kula da Kwalejojin Ilimi ta Ƙasa (NCCE) ta jera makarantar cikin kwalejojin ilimi na jihar Gombe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Accredited Colleges |url=https://ncce.gov.ng/AccreditedColleges/Index |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen karatu == Makarantar tana bayar da shirye-shiryen samun takardar shaidar koyarwa ta ƙasa (NCE), da wasu shirye-shiryen difloma. Daga cikin fannonin karatun da aka jera a shafin neman shiga makarantar akwai ilimin Larabci, Hausa, Turanci, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, kimiyyar kwamfuta da ilimin ɗakin karatu.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Programmes |url=https://gscoels.admissions.cloud/list_of_courses |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} bl3md6oivt6276o1agwoycf7dqgpkc0 Federal Government College, Billiri 0 179217 967508 2026-10-14T12:09:23Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Federal Government College, Billiri''' makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnatin tarayya da ke [[Billiri]], [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Makarantar tana cikin jerin makarantun yankin Arewa maso Gabas da Asusun Samar da Ayyukan Sadarwa na Ƙasa (Universal Service Provision Fund, USPF) ya wallafa.<ref>{{cite web |title=North East Projects |url=https://uspf.gov.ng/projects/north-east |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Wuri == Makarantar tana Billiri, ƙaramar hukumar Billiri, J... 967508 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Federal Government College, Billiri''' makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnatin tarayya da ke [[Billiri]], [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Makarantar tana cikin jerin makarantun yankin Arewa maso Gabas da Asusun Samar da Ayyukan Sadarwa na Ƙasa (Universal Service Provision Fund, USPF) ya wallafa.<ref>{{cite web |title=North East Projects |url=https://uspf.gov.ng/projects/north-east |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Wuri == Makarantar tana Billiri, ƙaramar hukumar Billiri, Jihar Gombe. An jera ta a matsayin makarantar gwamnatin tarayya a cikin bayanan cibiyoyin ilimi na yankin Arewa maso Gabas.<ref>{{cite web |title=North East Projects |url=https://uspf.gov.ng/projects/north-east |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} pwjffs0r41b23zwf3n5sb3b1e22t5jc Federal Government Girls’ College, Bajoga 0 179218 967510 2026-10-14T12:10:59Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Federal Government Girls’ College, Bajoga''' makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnatin tarayya da aka ware domin ilimin ’yan mata, wadda take a [[Bajoga]], ƙaramar hukumar Funakaye, [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Makarantar tana cikin jerin kwalejojin haɗin kai na gwamnatin tarayya (Federal Unity Colleges) da Ma’aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya ta wallafa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Federal Unity Colleges |url=https://education.gov.ng/federal-unity-colleges/ |publisher=Federal Ministry of... 967510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Federal Government Girls’ College, Bajoga''' makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnatin tarayya da aka ware domin ilimin ’yan mata, wadda take a [[Bajoga]], ƙaramar hukumar Funakaye, [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Makarantar tana cikin jerin kwalejojin haɗin kai na gwamnatin tarayya (Federal Unity Colleges) da Ma’aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya ta wallafa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Federal Unity Colleges |url=https://education.gov.ng/federal-unity-colleges/ |publisher=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Ilimi da ayyukan makaranta == Makarantar tana ba da ilimin sakandare ga ɗalibai mata. Shafinta na yanar gizo ya bayyana cewa tana mai da hankali kan nasarar karatu, kyawawan ɗabi’u, ƙwarewar rayuwa da bunƙasa baiwar ɗalibai. Haka kuma, tana gudanar da ayyukan ƙarin karatu kamar wasanni, fasaha da kulob ɗin kimiyyar kwamfuta da fasahar mutum-mutumi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Federal Government Girls College Bajoga |url=https://fggcbajoga.sch.ng/ |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Fasahar sadarwa == Asusun Samar da Ayyukan Sadarwa na Ƙasa (Universal Service Provision Fund, USPF) ya jera makarantar cikin ayyukan samar da cibiyoyin ilimi da damar amfani da fasahar sadarwa a yankin Arewa maso Gabas, tare da shekarar 2010 a matsayin shekarar aikin da aka rubuta.<ref>{{cite web |title=North East Projects |url=https://uspf.gov.ng/projects/north-east |publisher=Universal Service Provision Fund |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 0k3hkrne2pzg75thavy9rjnq7z93g9w Kaltungo Market 0 179219 967511 2026-10-14T12:12:32Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Kaltungo Market''' kasuwa ce da ke garin [[Kaltungo]], [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Kasuwar tana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren cinikayya a yankin, inda ake saye da sayar da kayan abinci da dabbobi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A guide to healthy food markets in Gombe |url=https://ynaija.com/a-guide-to-healthy-food-markets-in-gombe/ |date=24 June 2021 |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Kayayyakin ciniki == Ana sayar da kayan abinci da kayayyakin noma a kasuwar, tare da dabbobi da sa... 967511 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaltungo Market''' kasuwa ce da ke garin [[Kaltungo]], [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Kasuwar tana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren cinikayya a yankin, inda ake saye da sayar da kayan abinci da dabbobi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A guide to healthy food markets in Gombe |url=https://ynaija.com/a-guide-to-healthy-food-markets-in-gombe/ |date=24 June 2021 |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Kayayyakin ciniki == Ana sayar da kayan abinci da kayayyakin noma a kasuwar, tare da dabbobi da sauran kayayyakin da ake amfani da su a gida. Kasuwar tana taimaka wa manoma da ’yan kasuwa wajen sayar da kayayyakinsu da samar da kayayyaki ga mazauna Kaltungo da yankunan da ke kusa.<ref>{{cite web |title=A guide to healthy food markets in Gombe |url=https://ynaija.com/a-guide-to-healthy-food-markets-in-gombe/ |date=24 June 2021 |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Wuri == Kasuwar tana garin Kaltungo, a Jihar Gombe. Wani kundin bayanan kasuwanci ya nuna adireshinta a yankin Kalaring, Kaltungo, mai lambar gidan waya (Postal Code) 770117.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaltungo Market |url=https://www.africabizinfo.com/NG/kaltungo-market |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} q963ihrfzmzhw9ldgss1apbbr7a7xhm Bambam market 0 179220 967514 2026-10-14T12:13:51Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Bambam Market''' kasuwa ce da ke garin [[Bambam]], [[Ƙaramar Hukumar Balanga]], [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Kasuwar tana daga cikin wuraren cinikayya da ke taimaka wa mazauna garin da al'ummomin da ke kewaye wajen saye da sayar da kayayyakin abinci da amfanin gona.<ref>{{cite web |title=A guide to healthy food markets in Gombe |url=https://ynaija.com/a-guide-to-healthy-food-markets-in-gombe/ |date=24 June 2021 |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Kayayyakin ciniki == An... 967514 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bambam Market''' kasuwa ce da ke garin [[Bambam]], [[Ƙaramar Hukumar Balanga]], [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Kasuwar tana daga cikin wuraren cinikayya da ke taimaka wa mazauna garin da al'ummomin da ke kewaye wajen saye da sayar da kayayyakin abinci da amfanin gona.<ref>{{cite web |title=A guide to healthy food markets in Gombe |url=https://ynaija.com/a-guide-to-healthy-food-markets-in-gombe/ |date=24 June 2021 |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Kayayyakin ciniki == Ana sayar da kayan abinci da kayan lambu a kasuwar, ciki har da amfanin gona da ake kawo wa daga gonaki. Kasuwar tana taimaka wa manoma wajen sayar da amfanin gonakinsu da kuma samar da kayan abinci ga masu saye a yankin.<ref>{{cite web |title=A guide to healthy food markets in Gombe |url=https://ynaija.com/a-guide-to-healthy-food-markets-in-gombe/ |date=24 June 2021 |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Ranar kasuwa == Wani rahoton kasuwannin Ƙaramar Hukumar Balanga ya nuna cewa ana gudanar da kasuwar Bambam a ranar Litinin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Balanga markets and their days |url=https://soluap.com/balanga-markets-and-their-days/ |date=13 November 2024 |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Ayyukan gwamnati == Rahoton kuɗaɗen gwamnatin Jihar Gombe na shekarar 2019 ya ambaci aikin gina banɗakin jama'a a Bambam Market. Wannan yana nuna cewa kasuwar ta kasance cikin wuraren da aka ware ayyukan more rayuwa a kansu a cikin bayanan gwamnati.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State 2019 Financial Statement |url=https://mof.gm.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Gombe-State-2019-Financial-Statement-min.pdf |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 4a3c1b4tungocm0j8jjjc03ld05c4uy Biliri Market 0 179221 967515 2026-10-14T12:15:09Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Billiri Market''' kasuwa ce da ke garin [[Billiri]], [[Ƙaramar Hukumar Billiri]], [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Kasuwar na daga cikin manyan wuraren cinikin amfanin gona a yankin, musamman wake da waken soya. Tana taimakawa wajen haɗa manoma da ’yan kasuwa da masu sayen amfanin gona.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Primary Health Care Services Utilization in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology |year=2025 |url... 967515 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Billiri Market''' kasuwa ce da ke garin [[Billiri]], [[Ƙaramar Hukumar Billiri]], [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Kasuwar na daga cikin manyan wuraren cinikin amfanin gona a yankin, musamman wake da waken soya. Tana taimakawa wajen haɗa manoma da ’yan kasuwa da masu sayen amfanin gona.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Primary Health Care Services Utilization in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology |year=2025 |url=https://njaat.com.ng/index.php/njaat/article/download/1179/856/3372 |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Kayayyakin ciniki == Daga cikin muhimman kayayyakin da ake sayarwa a kasuwar akwai wake, waken soya da sauran amfanin gona. Binciken da aka gudanar kan cinikin wake a Jihar Gombe ya lissafa kasuwar Billiri cikin kasuwannin da ake gudanar da cinikin wake sosai.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Primary Health Care Services Utilization in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology |year=2025 |url=https://njaat.com.ng/index.php/njaat/article/download/1179/856/3372 |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Ranar kasuwa == Ana gudanar da babbar ranar kasuwar Billiri a ranar Asabar ta kowane mako. A wannan rana, manoma da ’yan kasuwa daga Billiri da yankunan da ke kewaye suna zuwa kasuwar domin saye da sayar da kayayyaki.<ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Local Markets in Gombe State |url=https://kashgain.net/blog/full-list-of-local-markets-in-gombe-state/ |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} s0fkbqfobxhia0qxpcdqxfcrw7d50ck Kasuwar Tashar Gwari 0 179222 967518 2026-10-14T12:19:43Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Kasuwar Tashar Gwari''' kasuwa ce da ke garin [[Kumo]], a ƙaramar hukumar [[Akko]], Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An san kasuwar da sayar da kayan lambu da ’ya’yan itatuwa iri-iri. Tana daga cikin kasuwannin da ke taimaka wa harkokin ciniki da samar da abinci a yankin Kumo.<ref>{{cite web |title=A guide to healthy food markets in Gombe |url=https://ynaija.com/a-guide-to-healthy-food-markets-in-gombe/ |website=YNaija |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Refli... 967518 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kasuwar Tashar Gwari''' kasuwa ce da ke garin [[Kumo]], a ƙaramar hukumar [[Akko]], Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An san kasuwar da sayar da kayan lambu da ’ya’yan itatuwa iri-iri. Tana daga cikin kasuwannin da ke taimaka wa harkokin ciniki da samar da abinci a yankin Kumo.<ref>{{cite web |title=A guide to healthy food markets in Gombe |url=https://ynaija.com/a-guide-to-healthy-food-markets-in-gombe/ |website=YNaija |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 7trk08pmn89m8eehiginpcokxdhb9w1 Kasuwar Tudun Hatsi 0 179223 967519 2026-10-14T12:21:37Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Kasuwar Tudun Hatsi''' kasuwa ce ta hatsi da ke tsakiyar garin [[Gombe]], a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Tana kusa da hanyar fadar Sarkin Gombe, a gaban tsohuwar kasuwar Gombe. Sunan kasuwar yana nufin tudun da ake sayar da hatsi a kai.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe grain market still booms, 88 years after establishment |url=https://dailytrust.com/gombe-grain-market-still-booms-88-years-after-establishment/ |website=Daily Trust |last=Yaya |first=Haruna Gimba |access-date=14 October... 967519 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kasuwar Tudun Hatsi''' kasuwa ce ta hatsi da ke tsakiyar garin [[Gombe]], a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Tana kusa da hanyar fadar Sarkin Gombe, a gaban tsohuwar kasuwar Gombe. Sunan kasuwar yana nufin tudun da ake sayar da hatsi a kai.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe grain market still booms, 88 years after establishment |url=https://dailytrust.com/gombe-grain-market-still-booms-88-years-after-establishment/ |website=Daily Trust |last=Yaya |first=Haruna Gimba |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa kasuwar ne a harabar tsohuwar kasuwar Gombe, a lokacin mulkin Sarkin Gombe Haruna Umaru, wanda ya yi sarauta daga shekarar 1922 zuwa 1935. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa kasuwar ta shafe fiye da shekaru tamanin tana gudanar da cinikin hatsi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe grain market still booms, 88 years after establishment |url=https://dailytrust.com/gombe-grain-market-still-booms-88-years-after-establishment/ |website=Daily Trust |last=Yaya |first=Haruna Gimba |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Kayayyakin da ake sayarwa == Ana sayar da nau'o'in hatsi da amfanin gona a kasuwar, ciki har da gero, masara, gyada, wake, waken soya, ƙwayar sesame, shinkafa da dawa. Kasuwar tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cinikin amfanin gona a Gombe da kewaye.<ref>{{cite web |title=Popular Markets in Gombe State |url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Gombe/Popular-Markets-in-Gombe-State.html |website=Nigeria Galleria |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Shirin sauya wurin kasuwar == A watan Agusta na shekarar 2026, gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta amince da shirin mayar da kasuwar zuwa hanyar Dukku, tare da ware kuɗaɗen sauya wurin da biyan diyya ga waɗanda abin ya shafa. An bayyana cewa manufar shirin ita ce inganta tsara birni, rage matsalar cunkoson ababen hawa da kuma samar da yanayin ciniki mai aminci.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe approves N260m for grains market relocation |url=https://punchng.com/gombe-approves-n260m-for-grains-market-relocation/ |website=Punch |date=21 August 2026 |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} nbi3cbz6izaf586hhh2unnlp93b7hhe Dakin Karatu na Abdullahi Mahadi 0 179224 967525 2026-10-14T12:29:45Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Dakin Karatu na Abdullahi Mahadi''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Abdullahi Mahadi Library''') shi ne babban ɗakin karatu na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]], da ke garin [[Gombe]], Najeriya. Ana amfani da ɗakin karatun wajen tallafa wa koyarwa, karatu da binciken ilimi a jami'ar. An sanya masa suna ne don girmama Farfesa Abdullahi Mahadi, tsohon mataimakin shugaban jami'ar na farko.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State University |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_State_University |... 967525 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dakin Karatu na Abdullahi Mahadi''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Abdullahi Mahadi Library''') shi ne babban ɗakin karatu na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]], da ke garin [[Gombe]], Najeriya. Ana amfani da ɗakin karatun wajen tallafa wa koyarwa, karatu da binciken ilimi a jami'ar. An sanya masa suna ne don girmama Farfesa Abdullahi Mahadi, tsohon mataimakin shugaban jami'ar na farko.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State University |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_State_University |website=Wikipedia |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara ɗakin karatun a watan Agustan 2004 a matsayin ɗakin karatu na School of Basic and Remedial Studies na jami'ar. A watan Janairun 2008, an gina babban ɗakin karatun jami'ar domin biyan buƙatun ɗalibai da ma'aikata da ke ƙaruwa. Daga baya, an gina sabon babban gini da tallafin TETFund, wanda aka ƙaddamar a hukumance a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=SIWES Report: Gombe State University Library |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/827165304/Yusuf-Muhammad-Alhaj-Repport |website=Scribd |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Ayyuka da albarkatun ilimi == Ɗakin karatun yana samar da littattafai, mujallu da sauran albarkatun bayanai na bugawa da na lantarki. Yana taimaka wa ɗalibai da malamai wajen samun bayanan da suke buƙata don karatu, koyarwa da bincike. Haka kuma, jami'ar tana da wasu ɗakunan karatu na rassan fannoni, ciki har da na Ilimi da na Shari'a.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State University |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_State_University |website=Wikipedia |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} bht6uw6y24mg9c673u1bene1sqcrk5k 967527 967525 2026-10-14T12:32:42Z Qassamy 47996 967527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dakin Karatu na Abdullahi Mahadi''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Abdullahi Mahadi Library''') shi ne babban ɗakin karatu na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]], da ke garin [[Gombe]], Najeriya. Ana amfani da ɗakin karatun wajen tallafa wa koyarwa, karatu da binciken ilimi a jami'ar. An sanya masa suna ne don girmama Farfesa Abdullahi Mahadi, tsohon mataimakin shugaban jami'ar na farko.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State University |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_State_University |website=Wikipedia |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara ɗakin karatun a watan Agustan 2004 a matsayin ɗakin karatu na School of Basic and Remedial Studies na jami'ar. A watan Janairun 2008, an gina babban ɗakin karatun jami'ar domin biyan buƙatun ɗalibai da ma'aikata da ke ƙaruwa. Daga baya, an gina sabon babban gini da tallafin TETFund, wanda aka ƙaddamar a hukumance a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=SIWES Report: Gombe State University Library |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/827165304/Yusuf-Muhammad-Alhaj-Repport |website=Scribd |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Ayyuka da albarkatun ilimi == Ɗakin karatun yana samar da littattafai da mujallu da ake samu ta hanyar kwamfuta da kuma yanar gizo. Yana taimaka wa ɗalibai da malamai wajen samun bayanan da suke buƙata don karatu, koyarwa da bincike. Haka kuma, jami'ar tana da wasu ɗakunan karatu na rassan fannoni, ciki har da na Ilimi da na Shari'a.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State University |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_State_University |website=Wikipedia |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} mdgm9pctmcntbmf50nxp0y65jh1l0vz 967532 967527 2026-10-14T12:43:42Z Mahuta 11340 967532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dakin Karatu na Abdullahi Mahadi''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Abdullahi Mahadi Library''') shi ne babban ɗakin karatu na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]], da ke garin [[Gombe]], Najeriya. Ana amfani da ɗakin karatun wajen tallafa wa koyarwa, karatu da binciken ilimi a jami'ar. An sanya masa suna ne don girmama Farfesa Abdullahi Mahadi, tsohon mataimakin shugaban jami'ar na farko.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State University |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_State_University |website=Wikipedia |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara ɗakin karatun a watan Agustan 2004 a matsayin ɗakin karatu na School of Basic and Remedial Studies na jami'ar. A watan Janairun 2008, an gina babban ɗakin karatun jami'ar domin biyan buƙatun ɗalibai da ma'aikata da ke ƙaruwa. Daga baya, an gina sabon babban gini da tallafin TETFund, wanda aka ƙaddamar a hukumance a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=SIWES Report: Gombe State University Library |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/827165304/Yusuf-Muhammad-Alhaj-Repport |website=Scribd |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Ayyuka da albarkatun ilimi == Ɗakin karatun yana samar da littattafai da mujallu da ake samu ta hanyar kwamfuta da kuma yanar gizo. Yana taimaka wa ɗalibai da malamai wajen samun bayanan da suke buƙata don karatu, koyarwa da bincike. Haka kuma, jami'ar tana da wasu ɗakunan karatu na rassan fannoni, ciki har da na Ilimi da na Shari'a.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State University |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_State_University |website=Wikipedia |access-date=14 October 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} j4r0s2uxjqztz6s4ov7tgkx78tizdrq Laburaren Ƙasa na Najeriya, Reshen Jihar Gombe. 0 179225 967528 2026-10-14T12:34:49Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Laburaren Ƙasa na Najeriya, Reshen Jihar Gombe''' (National Library of Nigeria, Gombe State Branch) reshe ne na [[Laburaren Ƙasa na Najeriya]] da ke garin [[Gombe]], Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An kafa reshen a shekarar 2008, inda ya fara aiki daga Laburaren Hukumar Laburaren Jihar Gombe.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Library of Nigeria – State Branches |url=https://www.nln.gov.ng/statebranches.php |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=National Library of Nigeria}}</ref> ==... 967528 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laburaren Ƙasa na Najeriya, Reshen Jihar Gombe''' (National Library of Nigeria, Gombe State Branch) reshe ne na [[Laburaren Ƙasa na Najeriya]] da ke garin [[Gombe]], Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An kafa reshen a shekarar 2008, inda ya fara aiki daga Laburaren Hukumar Laburaren Jihar Gombe.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Library of Nigeria – State Branches |url=https://www.nln.gov.ng/statebranches.php |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=National Library of Nigeria}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa reshen Gombe a shekarar 2008. P. S. Aya ne shugaban reshen na farko. A shekarar 2015, Y. M. Abubakar ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin shugaban reshen. Da farko, reshen yana aiki ne a wani gini na wucin gadi da ke kan hanyar Dukku. Daga baya, an mayar da shi sabon gininsa na dindindin da ke kan hanyar Adamawa, kusa da Gombe International Hotel. An koma sabon ginin a ranar 19 ga Maris 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Branch Relocates to Permanent Building |url=https://nigeriareposit.nln.gov.ng/bitstreams/f4c122e3-9fc0-46fd-a0f4-5a988d1de2a3/download |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=National Library of Nigeria}}</ref> == Gini da ayyuka == Ginin reshen ya ƙunshi babban ɗakin karatu, sashen mujallu da sauran wallafe-wallafe, ɗakin karatu na dijital, wurin baje kolin littattafai, ɗakunan taro da sashen kula da kayan karatu. An gina shi ne domin inganta samar da ayyukan laburare ga al'ummar Jihar Gombe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Branch Relocates to Permanent Building |url=https://nigeriareposit.nln.gov.ng/bitstreams/f4c122e3-9fc0-46fd-a0f4-5a988d1de2a3/download |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=National Library of Nigeria}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} sz0cpynosixpkqfkavnqdigi2ap49r6 967531 967528 2026-10-14T12:43:00Z Mahuta 11340 967531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Laburaren Ƙasa na Najeriya, Reshen Jihar Gombe''' (National Library of Nigeria, Gombe State Branch) reshe ne na [[Laburaren Ƙasa na Najeriya]] da ke garin [[Gombe]], Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An kafa reshen a shekarar 2008, inda ya fara aiki daga Laburaren Hukumar Laburaren Jihar Gombe.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Library of Nigeria – State Branches |url=https://www.nln.gov.ng/statebranches.php |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=National Library of Nigeria}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa reshen Gombe a shekarar 2008. P. S. Aya ne shugaban reshen na farko. A shekarar 2015, Y. M. Abubakar ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin shugaban reshen. Da farko, reshen yana aiki ne a wani gini na wucin gadi da ke kan hanyar Dukku. Daga baya, an mayar da shi sabon gininsa na dindindin da ke kan hanyar Adamawa, kusa da Gombe International Hotel. An koma sabon ginin a ranar 19 ga Maris 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Branch Relocates to Permanent Building |url=https://nigeriareposit.nln.gov.ng/bitstreams/f4c122e3-9fc0-46fd-a0f4-5a988d1de2a3/download |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=National Library of Nigeria}}</ref> == Gini da ayyuka == Ginin reshen ya ƙunshi babban ɗakin karatu, sashen mujallu da sauran wallafe-wallafe, ɗakin karatu na dijital, wurin baje kolin littattafai, ɗakunan taro da sashen kula da kayan karatu. An gina shi ne domin inganta samar da ayyukan laburare ga al'ummar Jihar Gombe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Branch Relocates to Permanent Building |url=https://nigeriareposit.nln.gov.ng/bitstreams/f4c122e3-9fc0-46fd-a0f4-5a988d1de2a3/download |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=National Library of Nigeria}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} p0nyrbeq3slfo6gvxpkycsrqrdruqia Dakin Karatu na Jami’ar Tarayya ta Kashere 0 179226 967529 2026-10-14T12:42:02Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Dakin Karatu na Jami’ar Tarayya ta Kashere''' (Federal University of Kashere Library) shi ne babban ɗakin karatu na [[Jami’ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Kashere, a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An kafa ɗakin karatun a shekarar 2011 domin tallafa wa karatu, koyarwa da binciken ilimi a jami’ar.<ref>{{cite web |title=University Library |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/library/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Federal University of Kashere}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa ɗaki... 967529 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dakin Karatu na Jami’ar Tarayya ta Kashere''' (Federal University of Kashere Library) shi ne babban ɗakin karatu na [[Jami’ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Kashere, a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An kafa ɗakin karatun a shekarar 2011 domin tallafa wa karatu, koyarwa da binciken ilimi a jami’ar.<ref>{{cite web |title=University Library |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/library/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Federal University of Kashere}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa ɗakin karatun ne tare da ƙirƙirar jami’ar a shekarar 2011. Da farko, yana aiki ne a wani gini na wucin gadi. Daga baya, an samar masa da ginin dindindin, wanda aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=University Library |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/library/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Federal University of Kashere}}</ref> == Ayyuka da kayan karatu == Ɗakin karatun yana samar da littattafai, mujallu da sauran kayan bincike ga ɗalibai da ma’aikatan jami’ar. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da ba da rancen littattafai, taimaka wa masu bincike wajen neman bayanai, da samar da damar amfani da littattafan dijital, mujallun yanar gizo da rumbunan bayanan ilimi.<ref>{{cite web |title=University Library |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/library/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Federal University of Kashere}}</ref> == Tsarin ɗakin karatu == Ɗakin karatun yana da sassa daban-daban domin gudanar da ayyukan kula da littattafai, hidimar masu karatu, bayanai da ayyukan dijital. Waɗannan sassa suna taimakawa wajen tsara albarkatun ilimi da sauƙaƙa wa masu amfani samun bayanan da suke buƙata.<ref>{{cite web |title=University Library |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/library/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Federal University of Kashere}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} miitgy12fph8vxoypoo8557w0fuwwzq Filin Yaƙin Tula 0 179227 967530 2026-10-14T12:42:41Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Filin Yaƙin Tula''' wani wurin tarihi ne da ke yankin Tula, a ƙaramar hukumar Kaltungo, Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Wurin yana da alaƙa da yaƙin da sojojin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya suka yi da mutanen Tula a farkon ƙarni na 20.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tula Battlefield Gombe State |url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Gombe/Tula-Battlefield-Gombe.html |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Nigeria Galleria}}</ref> == Tarihi == A shekarar 1908, wasu al'um... 967530 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Filin Yaƙin Tula''' wani wurin tarihi ne da ke yankin Tula, a ƙaramar hukumar Kaltungo, Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Wurin yana da alaƙa da yaƙin da sojojin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya suka yi da mutanen Tula a farkon ƙarni na 20.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tula Battlefield Gombe State |url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Gombe/Tula-Battlefield-Gombe.html |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Nigeria Galleria}}</ref> == Tarihi == A shekarar 1908, wasu al'ummomin da ke makwabtaka da Tula sun kai ƙorafi ga jami'an mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya a Bauchi game da rikice-rikice da hare-haren da suke dangantawa da mutanen Tula. Jami'an Birtaniya sun yi ƙoƙarin sasanta rikicin, amma tattaunawar ta gaza. Daga baya, sojojin mulkin mallaka ƙarƙashin jagorancin wani jami'in da majiyoyi suka rubuta sunansa a matsayin Captain Calye suka kai hari kan Tula, suka kuma fatattaki mutanen yankin.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Anloho |first=Albert Teryima |year=2021 |title=Military Organisation and Warfare of the Tula of Gombe State, Nigeria up to 1900 A.D. |url=https://www.thecalabarhistoricaljournal.com/pages/Vol10-No2Page91-106.pdf |journal=The Calabar Historical Journal |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=91–106}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Trip to Tula Cave |url=https://trustradio.com.ng/en/a-trip-to-tula-cave |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Trust Radio}}</ref> == Muhimmancin tarihi == Filin yaƙin yana daga cikin wuraren tarihi da ke da alaƙa da tarihin mutanen Tula da turjiyarsu ga mulkin mallaka. Yankin Tula yana da wasu wuraren tarihi da na al'adu, ciki har da kogon Tula, wanda al'ummar yankin suka yi amfani da shi a matsayin mafaka a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tula Battlefield Gombe State |url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Gombe/Tula-Battlefield-Gombe.html |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Nigeria Galleria}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} hrupv24sgjpwdalvrhgbewj8rhrq5fx Wurin Kare Namun Daji na Lame-Burra 0 179228 967535 2026-10-14T12:45:28Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Wurin Kare Namun Daji na Lame-Burra''' (Lame-Burra Game Reserve) yanki ne da aka ware domin kare namun daji da muhallinsu a Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. Ya ƙunshi gandun daji na savanna da wuraren da rafuka da magudanan ruwa na yanayi suka samar, waɗanda ke tallafa wa nau'o'in tsirrai da dabbobi daban-daban.<ref>{{cite web |title=WACN Lame-Burra Game Reserve Project |url=https://www.westafricanconservation.org/projects/wacn-lame-burra-game-reserve-project/ |access-date=14 Octob... 967535 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wurin Kare Namun Daji na Lame-Burra''' (Lame-Burra Game Reserve) yanki ne da aka ware domin kare namun daji da muhallinsu a Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. Ya ƙunshi gandun daji na savanna da wuraren da rafuka da magudanan ruwa na yanayi suka samar, waɗanda ke tallafa wa nau'o'in tsirrai da dabbobi daban-daban.<ref>{{cite web |title=WACN Lame-Burra Game Reserve Project |url=https://www.westafricanconservation.org/projects/wacn-lame-burra-game-reserve-project/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=West African Conservation Network}}</ref> == Wuri da girma == Wurin yana tsakanin yankunan ƙananan hukumomin Toro da Ningi na Jihar Bauchi. An kiyasta girmansa da kusan murabba'in kilomita 2,058, ko hekta 205,900, bisa bayanan kare muhalli.<ref>{{cite web |title=Protected Area Profile for Lame-Burra |url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/7860 |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Protected Planet}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WACN Lame-Burra Game Reserve Project |url=https://www.westafricanconservation.org/projects/wacn-lame-burra-game-reserve-project/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=West African Conservation Network}}</ref> == Muhalli da namun daji == Tsirran da suka fi yawa a yankin sun haɗa da na savanna ta arewacin Najeriya, tare da wasu gandun daji da ke gefen rafuka da magudanan ruwa. Wannan yanayi yana samar da mafaka da wuraren abinci ga nau'o'in namun daji da tsuntsaye. Rahotannin kare muhalli sun nuna cewa yankin yana da muhimmanci ga kiyaye halittu da bambancin nau'o'in rayuwa.<ref>{{cite web |title=WACN Lame-Burra Game Reserve Project |url=https://www.westafricanconservation.org/projects/wacn-lame-burra-game-reserve-project/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=West African Conservation Network}}</ref> == Barazanar muhalli == Daga cikin matsalolin da aka ruwaito a yankin akwai sare bishiyoyi, samar da gawayi, kiwo fiye da kima da farauta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Waɗannan ayyuka na iya lalata wuraren zama na namun daji da rage yawan halittun da ke yankin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Confronting Bauchi’s deforestation |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/confronting-bauchis-deforestation/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=The Nation}}</ref> == Kiyaye muhalli == West African Conservation Network na aiki tare da gwamnatin Jihar Bauchi domin taimakawa wajen farfaɗo da muhalli, inganta kula da yankin da kuma ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar al'ummomin da ke makwabtaka da wurin. Shirin yana da nufin kare halittu tare da tallafa wa bincike, ilimi da yawon buɗe ido mai ɗorewa.<ref>{{cite web |title=WACN Lame-Burra Game Reserve Project |url=https://www.westafricanconservation.org/projects/wacn-lame-burra-game-reserve-project/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=West African Conservation Network}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} op312mvttcax0wvj9vyd1q111ry9vw5 Fadar Sarkin Gombe 0 179229 967538 2026-10-14T12:47:30Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Fadar Sarkin Gombe''' fadar gargajiya ce da ke birnin [[Gombe]], babban birnin Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ita ce cibiyar gudanar da harkokin masarautar Gombe, inda Sarkin Gombe yake gudanar da wasu ayyukan sarauta, karɓar baƙi da halartar bukukuwan gargajiya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Emirate |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_Emirate |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Tarihi == An gina fadar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu a shekarar 1984, a loka... 967538 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fadar Sarkin Gombe''' fadar gargajiya ce da ke birnin [[Gombe]], babban birnin Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ita ce cibiyar gudanar da harkokin masarautar Gombe, inda Sarkin Gombe yake gudanar da wasu ayyukan sarauta, karɓar baƙi da halartar bukukuwan gargajiya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Emirate |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_Emirate |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Tarihi == An gina fadar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu a shekarar 1984, a lokacin sarautar Sarkin Gombe na goma, Shehu Usman Abubakar, wanda ya yi sarauta daga Janairu 1984 zuwa Mayu 2014. Fadar tana daga cikin muhimman wuraren tarihi da ke nuna ci gaban masarautar Gombe da al'adunta.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Gombe state Emirs palace |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Gombe_state_Emirs_palace.jpg |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Wikimedia Commons}}</ref> == Muhimmancin al'adu == Fadar tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gudanar da harkokin gargajiya da al'adun masarautar. Ana kai ziyara fadar a lokacin bukukuwan Sallah, inda Sarkin Gombe da sauran masu sarauta ke halartar bukukuwan al'adu, ciki har da hawan dawakai da aka fi sani da ''durbar'' da kuma ''Jafi''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eid-el-Fitr: Governor Inuwa Yahaya Joins Emir of Gombe, Muslim Faithful for Eid Prayers |url=https://fmino.gov.ng/eid-el-fitr-governor-inuwa-yahaya-joins-emir-of-gombe-muslim-faithful-for-eid-prayers/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation}}</ref> == Gyaran fadar == A watan Agustan 2026, gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta miƙa wurin aikin gyara da inganta fadar ga kamfanin Datum Construction Nigeria Limited. Shirin ya ƙunshi inganta gine-gine da wuraren gudanar da bukukuwa, tarurrukan gargajiya da sauran ayyukan masarauta. An tsara aikin ne domin kiyaye muhimmancin fadar a tarihi da al'adun jihar.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ngwakwe |first=Ben |date=13 August 2026 |title=Gombe govt hands over sites for Emir’s Palace, Central Mosque remodelling |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/08/gombe-govt-hands-over-sites-for-emirs-palace-central-mosque-remodelling/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |work=Vanguard}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} g1w4hho59rxahbuudixdvmm728k30tl Gregory Iron 0 179230 967541 2026-10-14T13:23:25Z Beehra 15944 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379249040|Gregory Iron]]" 967541 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Gregory Allen Smith''' <ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1986), <ref name="iron">{{Cite web |date= |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunansa '''Gregory Iron''', ko " '''GAS''' " a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo a kan ainihin farkon sunansa, ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne [[Amurkawa|ɗan Amurka]], wanda ke yin wasan kwaikwayo akai-akai a gasar kokawa ta Pro Wrestling Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash And Alpha 1. Bayan ya zama bako a shirin Steve Austin na Podcast, Iron ya yanke shawarar fara shirinsa na podcast, Iron-On Wrestling. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin dakin nauyi, ya kirkiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, 2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 36f090qepgkwsgz309mbxaqli4m0yzw 967542 967541 2026-10-14T13:23:58Z Beehra 15944 967542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregory Allen Smith''' <ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1986), <ref name="iron">{{Cite web |date= |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunansa '''Gregory Iron''', ko " '''GAS''' " a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo a kan ainihin farkon sunansa, ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne [[Amurkawa|ɗan Amurka]], wanda ke yin wasan kwaikwayo akai-akai a gasar kokawa ta Pro Wrestling Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash And Alpha 1. Bayan ya zama bako a shirin Steve Austin na Podcast, Iron ya yanke shawarar fara shirinsa na podcast, Iron-On Wrestling. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin dakin nauyi, ya kirkiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, 2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7lfcabzco9fzel0onjtfr8axio6an28 967543 967542 2026-10-14T13:24:39Z Beehra 15944 967543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregory Allen Smith''' <ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoba, 1986), <ref name="iron">{{Cite web |date= |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunansa '''Gregory Iron''', ko " '''GAS''' " a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo a kan ainihin farkon sunansa, ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne [[Amurkawa|ɗan Amurka]], wanda ke yin wasan kwaikwayo akai-akai a gasar kokawa ta Pro Wrestling Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash And Alpha 1. Bayan ya zama bako a shirin Steve Austin na Podcast, Iron ya yanke shawarar fara shirinsa na podcast, Iron-On Wrestling. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin dakin nauyi, ya kirkiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, 2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] muyern3duwbm6g73yrqjq3iwdd823t0 967544 967543 2026-10-14T13:24:58Z Beehra 15944 967544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregory Allen Smith''' <ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoba, na shekara 1986), <ref name="iron">{{Cite web |date= |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunansa '''Gregory Iron''', ko " '''GAS''' " a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo a kan ainihin farkon sunansa, ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne [[Amurkawa|ɗan Amurka]], wanda ke yin wasan kwaikwayo akai-akai a gasar kokawa ta Pro Wrestling Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash And Alpha 1. Bayan ya zama bako a shirin Steve Austin na Podcast, Iron ya yanke shawarar fara shirinsa na podcast, Iron-On Wrestling. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin dakin nauyi, ya kirkiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, 2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] aj5l9rcfv161fapwgdfzx5srk3hfllu 967545 967544 2026-10-14T13:30:11Z Beehra 15944 967545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregory Allen Smith''' <ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoba, na shekara ta 1986), <ref name="iron">{{Cite web |date= |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunansa '''Gregory Iron''', ko " '''GAS''' " a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo a kan ainihin farkon sunansa, ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne [[Amurkawa|ɗan Amurka]], wanda ke yin wasan kwaikwayo akai-akai a gasar kokawa ta Pro Wrestling Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash And Alpha 1. Bayan ya zama bako a shirin Steve Austin na Podcast, Iron ya yanke shawarar fara shirinsa na podcast, Iron-On Wrestling. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin dakin nauyi, ya kirkiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, 2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3km5zhwir27ophbla36o7x7k7wr1wz6 967546 967545 2026-10-14T13:31:05Z Beehra 15944 967546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregory Allen Smith''' <ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoba, na shekara ta 1986), <ref name="iron">{{Cite web |date= |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunansa '''Gregory Iron''', ko " '''GAS''' " a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a kan ainihin farkon sunansa, ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne [[Amurkawa|ɗan Amurka]], wanda ke yin wasan kwaikwayo akai-akai a gasar kokawa ta Pro Wrestling Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash And Alpha 1. Bayan ya zama bako a shirin Steve Austin na Podcast, Iron ya yanke shawarar fara shirinsa na podcast, Iron-On Wrestling. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin dakin nauyi, ya kirkiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, 2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1h25rehvmi13xobe3i92km5l1seohhu 967547 967546 2026-10-14T13:32:12Z Beehra 15944 967547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregory Allen Smith''' <ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoba, na shekara ta 1986), <ref name="iron">{{Cite web |date= |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunansa '''Gregory Iron''', ko " '''GAS''' " a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a kan ainihin farkon sunansa, ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne [[Amurkawa|ɗan Amurka]], wanda ke yin wasan kwaikwayo akai-akai a gasar kokawa ta '''Pro Wrestling''' Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash And Alpha 1. Bayan ya zama bako a shirin Steve Austin na Podcast, Iron ya yanke shawarar fara shirinsa na podcast, Iron-On Wrestling. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin dakin nauyi, ya kirkiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, 2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3q1o6pu6rd3r37ozz3gklhewqgfjpn1 967548 967547 2026-10-14T13:33:22Z Beehra 15944 967548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregory Allen Smith''' <ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoba, na shekara ta 1986), <ref name="iron">{{Cite web |date= |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunansa '''Gregory Iron''', ko " '''GAS''' " a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a kan ainihin farkon sunansa, ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne [[Amurkawa|ɗan Amurka]], wanda ke yin wasan kwaikwayo akai-akai a gasar kokawa ta '''Pro Wrestling''' Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash And Alpha 1. Bayan ya zama bako a shirin Steve Austin na Podcast, Iron ya yanke shawarar fara shirinsa na podcast, Iron-On Wrestling. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin dakin nauyi, ya kirkiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, 2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0m0ag775lpi31kuw2omz1l3jkgmnubb 967550 967548 2026-10-14T13:38:24Z Beehra 15944 967550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregory Allen Smith'''<ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1986),<ref name="iron">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunan '''Gregory Iron''' ko kuma '''GAS''', ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne na Amurka. Ya kan yi kokawa a gasar Pro Wrestling Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash Wrestling da Alpha-1 Wrestling. Bayan da ya kasance bako a shirin fayilolin sauti na Steve Austin (podcast), Iron ya yanke shawarar ƙaddamar da nasa shirin mai suna ''Iron-On Wrestling''. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin dakin nauyi, ya kirkiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, 2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] savpeeyom1u6q5wrwn2w1nhd9n2rjm4 967552 967550 2026-10-14T13:39:35Z Beehra 15944 /* Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a */ 967552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregory Allen Smith'''<ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1986),<ref name="iron">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunan '''Gregory Iron''' ko kuma '''GAS''', ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne na Amurka. Ya kan yi kokawa a gasar Pro Wrestling Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash Wrestling da Alpha-1 Wrestling. Bayan da ya kasance bako a shirin fayilolin sauti na Steve Austin (podcast), Iron ya yanke shawarar ƙaddamar da nasa shirin mai suna ''Iron-On Wrestling''. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin ɗakin nauyi, ya kirkiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, 2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5uidjvzle9jkgd8kvqhe5di1sr1fw0e 967553 967552 2026-10-14T13:40:20Z Beehra 15944 /* Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a */ 967553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregory Allen Smith'''<ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1986),<ref name="iron">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunan '''Gregory Iron''' ko kuma '''GAS''', ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne na Amurka. Ya kan yi kokawa a gasar Pro Wrestling Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash Wrestling da Alpha-1 Wrestling. Bayan da ya kasance bako a shirin fayilolin sauti na Steve Austin (podcast), Iron ya yanke shawarar ƙaddamar da nasa shirin mai suna ''Iron-On Wrestling''. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin ɗakin nauyi, ya ƙirƙiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, 2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2ltfgf1y3k4g0ea3jb41sf8we8erdjy 967592 967553 2026-10-14T16:06:36Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a */ 967592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregory Allen Smith'''<ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1986),<ref name="iron">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunan '''Gregory Iron''' ko kuma '''GAS''', ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne na Amurka. Ya kan yi kokawa a gasar Pro Wrestling Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash Wrestling da Alpha-1 Wrestling. Bayan da ya kasance bako a shirin fayilolin sauti na Steve Austin (podcast), Iron ya yanke shawarar ƙaddamar da nasa shirin mai suna ''Iron-On Wrestling''. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin ɗakin nauyi, ya ƙirƙiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, a shekarata2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dq42cs25p8l5fwlika8c1r85ktm6nuy 967593 967592 2026-10-14T16:07:32Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a */ 967593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregory Allen Smith'''<ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1986),<ref name="iron">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunan '''Gregory Iron''' ko kuma '''GAS''', ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne na Amurka. Ya kan yi kokawa a gasar Pro Wrestling Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash Wrestling da Alpha-1 Wrestling. Bayan da ya kasance bako a shirin fayilolin sauti na Steve Austin (podcast), Iron ya yanke shawarar ƙaddamar da nasa shirin mai suna ''Iron-On Wrestling''. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin ɗakin nauyi, ya ƙirƙiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, a shekara ta 2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin shekara ta 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hu8c7ey0oqu07tlloygwhoohek8j7i8 967594 967593 2026-10-14T16:08:16Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a */ 967594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregory Allen Smith'''<ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1986),<ref name="iron">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunan '''Gregory Iron''' ko kuma '''GAS''', ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne na Amurka. Ya kan yi kokawa a gasar Pro Wrestling Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash Wrestling da Alpha-1 Wrestling. Bayan da ya kasance bako a shirin fayilolin sauti na Steve Austin (podcast), Iron ya yanke shawarar ƙaddamar da nasa shirin mai suna ''Iron-On Wrestling''. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin ɗakin nauyi, ya ƙirƙiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, a shekara ta 2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin shekara ta 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta dubu biyu da sha daya (2011), aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q7z0zvnm9pn3nhlocyelgc2vaivzjbu 967595 967594 2026-10-14T16:08:45Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a */ 967595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregory Allen Smith'''<ref name="admin">{{Cite web |title=WWE HQ - WWEHQ Exclusive Interview with Gregory Iron!! - Free WWE Online Streams - WWE Raw, WWE Smackdown, WWE Tough Enough, WWE PPV, Free HQ Streams &#124; World Wrestling Entertainment HQ |url=http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908085036/http://www.wwehq.com/wordpress/wwehq-exclusive-interview-with-gregory-iron/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1986),<ref name="iron">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron « Wrestler-Datenbank |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.de}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da sunan '''Gregory Iron''' ko kuma '''GAS''', ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne na Amurka. Ya kan yi kokawa a gasar Pro Wrestling Ohio, AAW, Chikara, Smash Wrestling da Alpha-1 Wrestling. Bayan da ya kasance bako a shirin fayilolin sauti na Steve Austin (podcast), Iron ya yanke shawarar ƙaddamar da nasa shirin mai suna ''Iron-On Wrestling''. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gregory Smith a shekara ta 1986 a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . <ref name="iron" /> An haife shi wata daya da wuri kuma yana da nauyin fam daya a lokacin haihuwa, Smith an gano shi da ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya bar hannunsa na dama ya bushe kuma yana da iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron's disability doesn't prevent him from wrestling - More Sports - SI.com |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115074537/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/more/11/10/The-life-of-Gregory-Iron/ |archive-date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref> Yayinda yake yaro ya kasance mai cin zarafi, wanda Smith a yau ke nunawa ga wasu yara da ba su iya fahimtar nakasa ba.<ref name="indy">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-03 |title=Gregory Iron Interview — IndyWrestlers.net - Promoting Independent Wrestling and Promotions |url=http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818044535/http://www.indywrestlers.net/indynet/gregory-iron-interview/ |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Indywrestlers.net}}</ref> Ya haɓaka nasa ƙwarewa ta musamman don magance zalunci, wanda ya dogara da kasancewa da son rai kuma yana iya ba da labarinsa, da kuma yin hakan a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba kuma wani lokacin yana da ban dariya.<ref name="bully">{{Cite web |date=2011-10-05 |title=Gregory Iron: what can a pro wrestler teach us about bullying? |url=http://bullyoutreachproject.com/?p=412 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Bullyoutreachproject.com}}</ref> A lokaci guda, rayuwar iyalinsa ta bar shi da karancin goyon baya. Yayinda mahaifinsa, Dwane, ya yi aiki don tallafawa iyalin, matar Dwane Gloria ta zama mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma za ta sayar da dukiyar iyali, kuma ta yi amfani da kuɗin haya, don siyan kwayoyi.<ref name="SI" /> Ma'auratan sun rabu, kuma Greg, a hannun Gloria, an bar shi ya tayar da 'yan uwansa biyu, har sai Gloria ta tafi kurkuku kuma Dwane ya sami kula da yaran. Kakar Smith, mai sha'awar [[Hulk Hogan]], ta gabatar da shi ga gwagwarmayar kwararru. "Ta yi ma'ana da yawa a gare ni, kuma duk abin da nake yi a cikin kokawa shine don girmama ta. "<ref name="indy" /> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya na sana'a == Da farko, Iron ya bi gwagwarmayar kwararru a cikin ɗakin nauyi, ya ƙirƙiro tsarin kansa tunda hannunsa na dama ba zai ba shi damar aiwatar da mafi yawan ɗagawa a hanyar gargajiya ba. Ta wannan hanyar ya kara fam 30 na tsoka ga jikinsa. A farkon horo tare da J. T. Lightning, Iron ya ɗauki hukunci mai yawa, ba ya neman tausayi, kuma ya canza gwagwarmaya don a iya amfani da su ta amfani da hannu ɗaya. Iron ya bayyana a farkon fitowar Pro Wrestling Ohio, wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na Sports Time Ohio, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2007, inda ya ci Johnny Gargano a cikin abin da ake kira tashin hankali. Wannan cin nasarar Gargano ya haifar da babban rikici na farko na Iron, yayin da Gargano ya musanta cewa zai iya rasawa ga mai kokawa tare da nakasa na Iron.<ref name="PWO results">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185912/http://pwowrestling.com/results.html |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010}}</ref> Wani mummunan hari da Gargano ya kai a lokacin da aka yi fim din PWO a watan Fabrairun 2008, ya bar Iron ba zai iya yin gasa ba har tsawon watanni uku.<ref name="PWO results" /> Lokacin da Iron ya koma aiki, A watan Agusta, a shekara ta 2008, an warware rikici a wasan Last Man Standing, wanda Gargano ya lashe.<ref name="PWO results" /> Babu wani baƙo ga rauni a cikin zoben, a cikin yakin basasa, an ɗora Iron a kansa sau da yawa, yana ba shi mummunan rauni, yana sanya shi cikin kulawa mai tsanani na kwana uku.<ref name="admin" /> Komawarsa daga irin wannan rauni, haɗe da shi yana kokawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwanan nan ya ja hankalin masu gwagwarmaya da yawa <ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |last=Trask |first=Mike |date= |title=Gregory Iron wrestles despite cerebral palsy, gets CM Punk's endorsement - Page 2 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index?id=6815920 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Espn.go.com}}</ref> da magoya baya suna godiya ga ikonsa na yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmi mai kyau tare da nakasa. <ref name="indy" /> Iron yana bawa abokan adawar damar yin ba'a da nakasa da hannunsa na dama, a matsayin hanyar sanya shi a matsayin fuska kuma abokin hamayyarsa a matsayin diddige.<ref name="ESPN" /> "Wannan shi ne abin da yake a can. Kai mugu ne. Mutumin da ba shi da kyau zai yi wa hannuna ba'a. Wannan kawai yana sa taron ya fi farin ciki kuma a gefen ni. "<ref name="ESPN" /> Iron kuma shine abokin haɗin gwiwar Hobo Joe na dogon lokaci, a cikin "Homeless Handicapped Connection," wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya shawo kan matsaloli da yawa don yin gasa. Sun rufe rikici tare da Sex Appeal (Bobby Beverly da Bobby Shields, tare da Nickie Valentino) <ref name="PWOresults">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004051017/http://www.pwowrestling.com/news_stories_6.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> ta hanyar neman taimakon wani mai kokawa mai nakasa, Zach Gowen. Tare da taimakon Gowen, Iron da Hobo sun kayar da Sex Appeal don PWO Tag Team Championship, taken farko na Iron.<ref name="PWOresults" /> [[File:Handicapped_Heroes.jpg|right|thumb|Jarumai masu nakasa - Iron (hagu) da Zach Gowen - a wani wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a watan Afrilun 2014]] A cikin shekara ta 2012, Iron da Gowen za su kafa ƙungiyar tag da ke kiran kansu "The Handicapped Handguns". Su biyun za su kayar da The Dead Wrestling Society a watan Janairun 2013 don zama Firayim Minista Tag Team Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/title-tag.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> A watan Maris, duka Gowen da Iron sun cimma yarjejeniya don canza sunan ƙungiyar su zuwa "Handicapped Heroes" galibi saboda yawan harbe-harbe na makaranta da suka faru a farkon shekarar saboda ba sa son inganta kowane irin tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gregory Iron |url=https://www.facebook.com/thehandicappedhero?fref=ts |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, za a kori Gowen daga wasan kwaikwayon a cikin sanannen Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Agora da Ballroom ta Firayim Kwamishinan Wrestling, Vic Travagliante. Wannan zai bar Iron don kare lakabi da kansa, yana ba shi damar The Brotherhood of Mushtachioed Brawlers su ci shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PRIMEwrestlingTV |date=17 May 2013 |title=PRIME TV #180: Vic's State of the Union |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OBHaxlgJHQ |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, Iron ya yi rashin nasara a kan tsohon abokin aikinsa, Matthew Justice a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Lisbon, Ohio don gasar Firayim TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIME Wrestling |url=http://www.primewrestling.com/index2.php |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Primewrestling.com}}</ref> Iron watakila an fi saninsa da mai kokawa saboda rikici da Gargano, cin nasarar tag-team na Sex Appeal, da kuma wasan Chikara tare da Lince Dorado a watan Agusta, 2010, a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Young Lions ta takwas - inda "wani nakasassu [ya yi ƙoƙari] ya shawo kan mai zalunci, kuma taron sun ƙaunace shi!" <ref name="indy" /> A Gasar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta dubu biyu da sha daya (2011), aikin Iron ya tsallake daga rashin tabbas: bayan ya yi haɗin gwiwa a wasan tag tare da Colt Cabana, Iron ya kasance a cikin zobe na 'yan lokatai, kuma ya yi mamakin dawowar Cabana zuwa zobe tare da WWE Champion [[CM Punk]] . {{Blockquote|You're awesome! You overcome more than I ever have just waking up every morning. The fact that you became a pro wrestler, I'm only assuming it's because it was something you wanted to do. You didn't let anybody tell you that you couldn't do it ... I saw something special watching you in this ring.}} A lokacin wata hira ta kai tsaye a kan Fox da Abokai, Iron ya yi magana game da kalubalen da ya shawo kan, kuma ya ba da kalubalantar kansa: ko dai WWE ta kara shi zuwa [[Royal Rumble]] na 2012, ko Vince McMahon ya sadu da Iron a cikin zobe daya-da-daya.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Wrestler Overcomes Cerebral Palsy &#124; On Air Videos &#124; Fox News |url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/1272933370001/wrestler-overcomes-cerebral-palsy/?playlist_id=87857 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Video.foxnews.com}}</ref> WWE ba ta amsa kalubalen ba; kuma Iron bai bayyana a cikin Rumble na 2012 ba. [[File:Greg_Iron_and_Veda_Scott.jpg|right|thumb|Gregory Iron tare da Veda Scott]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2012, Iron ya sami asarar goyon bayan magoya baya ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya haifar da tirade a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Absolute Intense Wrestling, <ref name="critics">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=Gregory Iron The Handicapped Heel Turn- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeNyMEIgtk4 |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bayan wasan tag wanda Iron da Cabana suka rasa ga haramtacciyar doka da Matt Cross - wasan da Iron shine kawai daya daga cikin mahalarta huɗu da yawancin magoya baya suka goyi bayan su. <ref name="ghostplanet">{{Cite web |last=Arrand |first=Colette |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Gregory Iron: Handicapped Anti-Hero |url=http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010831/http://fearofaghostplanet.com/gregory-iron-handicapped-anti-hero/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |publisher=Fear of a Ghost Planet}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Iron da Absolute Intense Wrestling, inda Iron ya nemi taimakon Veda Scott a matsayin "mai ba da shawara kan shari'a" <ref name="veda">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott:Change Is Coming - Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VH4yYjjalE |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> - taimakon Scott ya haifar da AIW ta karɓi "haɗin kai" don nakasassu na Iron: don a ci shi, dole ne a ƙidaya shi da ƙidaya huɗu maimakon uku. A lokacin katin Satumba, Iron ya kasance a cikin haramtacciyar doka don ƙidaya uku, amma yayin da Scott ya tunatar da haramtacciya sabuwar doka, Iron ya mirgine shi don cin nasara.<ref name="veda" /> Iron ya yi aiki sosai tare da Scott cewa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Tag, <ref name="gregveda">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-23 |title=Gregory Iron and Veda Scott: "You Can't Stop Talent"- Absolute Intense Wrestling |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6RLy2yY2NM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> inda suka ci Batiri (Obariyon da Kodama) a watan Nuwamba na 2012 <ref name="AIWtagtitles">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2012 |title=AIW Results: Hell On Earth 8 – Cleveland, OH (11/23) |url=http://www.wrestling-news.net/results-earth-cleveland/19087/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-News.Net}}</ref> don gasar zakarun AIW Tag Team . Iron akai-akai yana sa T-shirt mai kama da wanda CM Punk ya sa a cikin shekara ta 2011 da kuma farkon 2012. A maimakon haka yana da alamar nakasassu a tsakiya maimakon harafin X a bayan hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Disabled Wrestler In The World |url=http://www.prowrestlingtees.com/best-disabled-wrestler-in-the-world.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Prowrestlingtees.com}}</ref> A bayan rigar ya ce "Mafi kyawun Mai Gwagwarmaya a Duniya", sunan laƙabi Iron yana amfani da kansa tun Nuwamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2013 |title=The Rust Belt Report: Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio (April 26, 2013) - CXF - Culture Crossfire |url=http://culturecrossfire.com/wrestling/the-rust-belt-report-absolute-intense-wrestling-in-cleveland-ohio-april-26-2013/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Culturecrossfire.com}}</ref> Iron shine batun wani rahoto na musamman daga mai ba da labarai Chris Van Vliet na [[Cleveland]]'s WOIO-TV Channel 19, mai taken "An Iron Will".Wannan rahoto ya lashe kyautar [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]] <ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=AN IRON WILL: The Gregory Iron Story |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrokvZgIbOM |access-date=2016-07-07 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> don Mafi kyawun Labarin Wasanni guda ɗaya a watan Yunin, 2012. <ref name="emmy" /> A shekara ta 2013, bai yi nasara ba wajen lashe kyautarsa don ci gaba a TNA's Gutcheck Challenge, kodayake ya zo a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyEVP |url=http://challenge.tnagutcheck.com/ |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Challenge.tnagutcheck.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2013, The Handicapped Heroes sun sake lashe gasar Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidel |first=Nick |date=2013-10-21 |title=Show results - 10/20 Prime Wrestling in Parma, Ohio: Gargano becomes new Prime champion, Rhino, more |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74048.shtml |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2019, Iron ya kirkiro 44OH!, wani dakarun masu gwagwarmaya masu zaman kansu na Ohio wanda zai haifar da rikici a Game Changer Wrestling. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2021, Iron ya kayar da "The Deathmatch King" Nick Gage da hannu daya don zama sabon fuskar GCW. == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == [[File:Gregory_Iron_Alpha1_tag_champion.jpg|thumb|Iron yana riƙe da Gasar Cin Kofin A1 Tag Team]] * '''Gwagwarmaya Mai tsanani''' ** AIW Intense Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 11, 2015 |title=AIW Intense Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=611 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** AIW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Veda Scott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Jason |date=2012-11-25 |title=11/23 AIW Results: Cleveland, Ohio |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1353859269 |access-date=2012-11-25 |website=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 23, 2012 |title=AIW Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=612 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Alpha-1 Gwagwarmaya''' ** A1 Alpha Male Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=November 17, 2019 |title=A1 Alpha Male Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1522 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Tag Team Championship (sau 2) - tare da Rickey Shane Page (1) da Anthony Greene (1) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=October 30, 2016 |title=A1 Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1599 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date=September 10, 2017 |title=A1 Zero Gravity Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1524 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> ** Gasar Sarkin Zuciya (2019) * '''Kwarewar Gwagwarmayar Gwagwarmaya''' ** CWE Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=Championships |url=http://cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=5295&page=11}}</ref> * '''CLASH Gwagwarmaya''' ** CLASH Tag Team Champions (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref name="Clashtag">{{Cite web |title=Competitors |url=http://clashwrestling.com/competitors/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |publisher=Clash Wrestling}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar EMERGE''' ** Gasar cin kofin EMERGE (lokaci 1) * '''Gwagwarmayar Daular''' ** ESW Tag Team Championships (1 lokaci) - tare da RJ CityBirnin RJ ** Kofin Tunawa da Ilio DiPaolo (2023, 2024) * '''Wasan Canjin Wasan''' ** RSp Championship (1 lokaci) * '''H20 Wrestling: Hardcore Hustle Organization''' ** H2O Hybrid Championship (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=H20 Hybrid Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184141/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=3435 |archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> * '''Gwagwarmayar Karfe Mai Girma''' ** HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) * '''Mista Chainsaw Productions Wrestling''' ** MCPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of MCPW Tag Team Champions |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1136}}</ref> * '''Rashin tausayi na Wrestling''' ** RPW Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci, yanzu) - tare da Zach Thomas da Otis Cogar * '''NWA Gabas / Pro Wrestling eXpress''' ** NWA Gabashin Kogin Uku (1 lokaci) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Three Rivers Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-tr.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> ** NWA East Brass Knuckles Championship (1 lokaci) ** NWA East / WWX Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Matthew Justice <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWX Tag Team Championship history |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/pa/w/pwx/nwa-pwx-t.html |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling All-Stars na Detroit''' ** PWASD Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |title=PWASD Tag Team Championship « Titles Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829202832/https://www.cagematch.net/en/?id=5&nr=2284 |archive-date=2021-08-29}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling An kwatanta shi''' ** PWI ta sanya shi No. 386 na manyan masu kokawa 500 a cikin PWI 500 a cikin 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2013 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2013.html |access-date=2013-08-22 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Ohio / Firayim Wrestling''' ** PWO / Firayim Ministan Tag Team Championship (sau 3) - tare da Hobo Joe (1) da Zach Gowen (2) <ref name="PWOresults" /> * '''Kungiyar Wrestling''' ** PWS Tag Team Championship (1 lokaci) - tare da Zach Gowen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=PWS Tag Team Championship « Titles Database |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1141 |access-date=2016-07-07 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Yaki na Yaki''' ** UPW 585 Live Championship (1 lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cacdzyd5z71rwowtyr7ccv90gluquod Bansang 0 179231 967561 2026-10-14T14:12:15Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377563630|Bansang]]" 967561 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Bansang</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Gambia_bansang_havard.jpg|300x300px]] |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px">[[File:Gambia_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|300x300px|Bansang is located in The Gambia]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:51%;left:69.118%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Bansang]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Bansang</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a Gambiya</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bansang&params=13_26_N_14_39_W_region:GM_type:city(8843) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°26′N</span> <span class="longitude">14°39′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.433°N 14.650°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.433; -14.650</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Gambiya]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Rarraba | class="infobox-data" |Yankin Kogin Tsakiya |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gundumar | class="infobox-data" |Fulladu Yamma |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kafa shi | class="infobox-data" |1262 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Maimaitawa | class="infobox-data" |Shekaru na 1920 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2012)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |8,843 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+0 (GMT) |} '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Bansang''' wani gari ne a cikin Central River Division na [[Gambiya]], tare da yawan mutane 8,843 (2012). Kodayake cibiyar gwamnati ta hukuma ta Sashen tana cikin [[Janjanbureh]], Bansang yana da damar shiga yankin da ya fi wadata a bakin teku na ƙasar, kuma wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa babban birnin tattalin arziki na "ƙasa" wanda ba na hukuma ba. [dubious - tattauna]  Garin kasuwa ce ta man shanu, shinkafa da kifi. == Tarihi == A cewar labari, an kafa Bansang a matsayin '''Ba-Sansango''', ma'ana 'kogi tata' a farkon 1260s, a lokacin ƙaurawar Tiramakhan Traore Uba kwarin [[Kogin Gambiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronologie de Tiramanghan |url=http://chantshistoiremande.free.fr/Html/chronol3.php |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=Chants et Histoires du Mande |language=French}}</ref> Yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na masarautun [[Kingdom of Jimara|Jimara]] da [[Wuropana]], jihohin da suka kafa daular [[Daular Kaabu|Kaabu]]. A cikin shekarun 1860 mulkin Fula na Fuladu ya tashi yayin da Kaabu ya ƙi. A ƙarshen karni na 19, Bansang kawai tashar jiragen ruwa ce da kuma wurin haye kogi. Ya zama muhimmiyar sulhu a lokacin mulkin mallaka yayin da iyalai suka zauna a can don amfani da damar da ke cikin kasuwancin peanuts a [[Kogin Gambiya]]. Mutanen Mandinka sune na farko da suka sake zama a wurin, sannan [[Fulani|Fula]] da Wolof suka biyo baya a karni na 20. Garin ya fara ne a matsayin wurin cinikayya da ake zaune a lokacin, har sai wani dan kasuwa mai arziki na gida, Bakary Darboe, ya kafa fili na farko a cikin shekarun 1920. Iyalansa sun biyo bayan dangin Musa Molloh Balde, tsohon mai mulkin Fuladu. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Bansang_Central_River_Division_Gambia.jpg|The main street in Bansang File:RiverGambia_BansangCentralRiverDivisionGambia.jpg|Upstream view of the [[Kogin Gambiya|River Gambia]] File:River_Ferry_Bansang_Central_River_Division_Gambia.jpg|The manually-operated vehicle ferry across the river </gallery> == Tushe == * ''[http://www.columbia.edu/~msj42/CentralRiver.htm Atlas na Gambiya]'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} nijnxqttjq0nagk9o5wkd7yacvcxhv3 967563 967561 2026-10-14T14:13:00Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 967563 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Bansang</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Gambia_bansang_havard.jpg|300x300px]] |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px">[[File:Gambia_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|300x300px|Bansang is located in The Gambia]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:51%;left:69.118%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Bansang]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Bansang</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a Gambiya</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bansang&params=13_26_N_14_39_W_region:GM_type:city(8843) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°26′N</span> <span class="longitude">14°39′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.433°N 14.650°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.433; -14.650</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Gambiya]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Rarraba | class="infobox-data" |Yankin Kogin Tsakiya |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gundumar | class="infobox-data" |Fulladu Yamma |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kafa shi | class="infobox-data" |1262 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Maimaitawa | class="infobox-data" |Shekaru na 1920 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2012)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |8,843 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+0 (GMT) |} '''Bansang''' wani gari ne a cikin Central River Division na [[Gambiya]], tare da yawan mutane 8,843 (2012). Kodayake cibiyar gwamnati ta hukuma ta Sashen tana cikin [[Janjanbureh]], Bansang yana da damar shiga yankin da ya fi wadata a bakin teku na ƙasar, kuma wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa babban birnin tattalin arziki na "ƙasa" wanda ba na hukuma ba. [dubious - tattauna]  Garin kasuwa ce ta man shanu, shinkafa da kifi. == Tarihi == A cewar labari, an kafa Bansang a matsayin '''Ba-Sansango''', ma'ana 'kogi tata' a farkon 1260s, a lokacin ƙaurawar Tiramakhan Traore Uba kwarin [[Kogin Gambiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronologie de Tiramanghan |url=http://chantshistoiremande.free.fr/Html/chronol3.php |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=Chants et Histoires du Mande |language=French}}</ref> Yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na masarautun [[Kingdom of Jimara|Jimara]] da [[Wuropana]], jihohin da suka kafa daular [[Daular Kaabu|Kaabu]]. A cikin shekarun 1860 mulkin Fula na Fuladu ya tashi yayin da Kaabu ya ƙi. A ƙarshen karni na 19, Bansang kawai tashar jiragen ruwa ce da kuma wurin haye kogi. Ya zama muhimmiyar sulhu a lokacin mulkin mallaka yayin da iyalai suka zauna a can don amfani da damar da ke cikin kasuwancin peanuts a [[Kogin Gambiya]]. Mutanen Mandinka sune na farko da suka sake zama a wurin, sannan [[Fulani|Fula]] da Wolof suka biyo baya a karni na 20. Garin ya fara ne a matsayin wurin cinikayya da ake zaune a lokacin, har sai wani dan kasuwa mai arziki na gida, Bakary Darboe, ya kafa fili na farko a cikin shekarun 1920. Iyalansa sun biyo bayan dangin Musa Molloh Balde, tsohon mai mulkin Fuladu. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Bansang_Central_River_Division_Gambia.jpg|The main street in Bansang File:RiverGambia_BansangCentralRiverDivisionGambia.jpg|Upstream view of the [[Kogin Gambiya|River Gambia]] File:River_Ferry_Bansang_Central_River_Division_Gambia.jpg|The manually-operated vehicle ferry across the river </gallery> == Tushe == * ''[http://www.columbia.edu/~msj42/CentralRiver.htm Atlas na Gambiya]'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3vhehs8e5lxm2dmbrxqazezdj3kv9x8 967565 967563 2026-10-14T14:15:04Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 967565 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Bansang</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Gambia_bansang_havard.jpg|300x300px]] |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px">[[File:Gambia_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|300x300px|Bansang is located in The Gambia]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:51%;left:69.118%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Bansang]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Bansang</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a Gambiya</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bansang&params=13_26_N_14_39_W_region:GM_type:city(8843) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°26′N</span> <span class="longitude">14°39′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.433°N 14.650°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.433; -14.650</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Gambiya]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Rarraba | class="infobox-data" |Yankin Kogin Tsakiya |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gundumar | class="infobox-data" |Fulladu Yamma |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kafa shi | class="infobox-data" |1262 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Maimaitawa | class="infobox-data" |Shekaru na 1920 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2012)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |8,843 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+0 (GMT) |} '''Bansang''' wani gari ne a cikin Central River Division na [[Gambiya]], tare da yawan mutane 8,843 (2012). Kodayake cibiyar gwamnati ta hukuma ta Sashen tana cikin [[Janjanbureh]], Bansang yana da damar shiga yankin da ya fi wadata a bakin teku na ƙasar, kuma wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa babban birnin tattalin arziki na "ƙasa" wanda ba na hukuma ba. [dubious - tattauna]  Garin kasuwa ce ta man shanu, shinkafa da kifi.<ref name="EB Bansang">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/52153/Bansang Bansang], Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved 2012-04-30.</ref> == Tarihi == A cewar labari, an kafa Bansang a matsayin '''Ba-Sansango''', ma'ana 'kogi tata' a farkon 1260s, a lokacin ƙaurawar Tiramakhan Traore Uba kwarin [[Kogin Gambiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronologie de Tiramanghan |url=http://chantshistoiremande.free.fr/Html/chronol3.php |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=Chants et Histoires du Mande |language=French}}</ref> Yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na masarautun [[Kingdom of Jimara|Jimara]] da [[Wuropana]], jihohin da suka kafa daular [[Daular Kaabu|Kaabu]]. A cikin shekarun 1860 mulkin Fula na Fuladu ya tashi yayin da Kaabu ya ƙi. A ƙarshen karni na 19, Bansang kawai tashar jiragen ruwa ce da kuma wurin haye kogi. Ya zama muhimmiyar sulhu a lokacin mulkin mallaka yayin da iyalai suka zauna a can don amfani da damar da ke cikin kasuwancin peanuts a [[Kogin Gambiya]]. Mutanen Mandinka sune na farko da suka sake zama a wurin, sannan [[Fulani|Fula]] da Wolof suka biyo baya a karni na 20. Garin ya fara ne a matsayin wurin cinikayya da ake zaune a lokacin, har sai wani dan kasuwa mai arziki na gida, Bakary Darboe, ya kafa fili na farko a cikin shekarun 1920. Iyalansa sun biyo bayan dangin Musa Molloh Balde, tsohon mai mulkin Fuladu. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Bansang_Central_River_Division_Gambia.jpg|The main street in Bansang File:RiverGambia_BansangCentralRiverDivisionGambia.jpg|Upstream view of the [[Kogin Gambiya|River Gambia]] File:River_Ferry_Bansang_Central_River_Division_Gambia.jpg|The manually-operated vehicle ferry across the river </gallery> == Tushe == * ''[http://www.columbia.edu/~msj42/CentralRiver.htm Atlas na Gambiya]'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} kkmf0z1jnzg9v7mchjoioev5aj549m8 967567 967565 2026-10-14T14:16:21Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Tarihi */ 967567 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Bansang</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Gambia_bansang_havard.jpg|300x300px]] |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px">[[File:Gambia_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|300x300px|Bansang is located in The Gambia]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:51%;left:69.118%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Bansang]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Bansang</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a Gambiya</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bansang&params=13_26_N_14_39_W_region:GM_type:city(8843) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°26′N</span> <span class="longitude">14°39′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.433°N 14.650°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.433; -14.650</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Gambiya]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Rarraba | class="infobox-data" |Yankin Kogin Tsakiya |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gundumar | class="infobox-data" |Fulladu Yamma |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kafa shi | class="infobox-data" |1262 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Maimaitawa | class="infobox-data" |Shekaru na 1920 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2012)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |8,843 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+0 (GMT) |} '''Bansang''' wani gari ne a cikin Central River Division na [[Gambiya]], tare da yawan mutane 8,843 (2012). Kodayake cibiyar gwamnati ta hukuma ta Sashen tana cikin [[Janjanbureh]], Bansang yana da damar shiga yankin da ya fi wadata a bakin teku na ƙasar, kuma wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa babban birnin tattalin arziki na "ƙasa" wanda ba na hukuma ba. [dubious - tattauna]  Garin kasuwa ce ta man shanu, shinkafa da kifi.<ref name="EB Bansang">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/52153/Bansang Bansang], Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved 2012-04-30.</ref> == Tarihi == A cewar labari, an kafa Bansang a matsayin '''Ba-Sansango''', ma'ana 'kogi tata' a farkon 1260s, a lokacin ƙaurawar Tiramakhan Traore Uba kwarin [[Kogin Gambiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronologie de Tiramanghan |url=http://chantshistoiremande.free.fr/Html/chronol3.php |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=Chants et Histoires du Mande |language=French}}</ref> Yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na masarautun [[Kingdom of Jimara|Jimara]] da [[Wuropana]], jihohin da suka kafa daular [[Daular Kaabu|Kaabu]]. A cikin shekarun 1860 mulkin Fula na Fuladu ya tashi yayin da Kaabu ya ƙi. A ƙarshen karni na 19, Bansang kawai tashar jiragen ruwa ce da kuma wurin haye kogi. Ya zama muhimmiyar sulhu a lokacin mulkin mallaka yayin da iyalai suka zauna a can don amfani da damar da ke cikin kasuwancin peanuts a [[Kogin Gambiya]]. Mutanen Mandinka sune na farko da suka sake zama a wurin, sannan [[Fulani|Fula]] da Wolof suka biyo baya a karni na 20. Garin ya fara ne a matsayin wurin cinikayya da ake zaune a lokacin, har sai wani dan kasuwa mai arziki na gida, Bakary Darboe, ya kafa fili na farko a cikin shekarun 1920. Iyalansa sun biyo bayan dangin Musa Molloh Balde, tsohon mai mulkin Fuladu.<ref>Bellagamba, 47-8.</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Bansang_Central_River_Division_Gambia.jpg|The main street in Bansang File:RiverGambia_BansangCentralRiverDivisionGambia.jpg|Upstream view of the [[Kogin Gambiya|River Gambia]] File:River_Ferry_Bansang_Central_River_Division_Gambia.jpg|The manually-operated vehicle ferry across the river </gallery> == Tushe == * ''[http://www.columbia.edu/~msj42/CentralRiver.htm Atlas na Gambiya]'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 85wntgxjs9vf4g8htygzwuqmidr2iow 967569 967567 2026-10-14T14:17:12Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Tarihi */ 967569 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Bansang</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Gambia_bansang_havard.jpg|300x300px]] |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px">[[File:Gambia_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|300x300px|Bansang is located in The Gambia]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:51%;left:69.118%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Bansang]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Bansang</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a Gambiya</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bansang&params=13_26_N_14_39_W_region:GM_type:city(8843) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°26′N</span> <span class="longitude">14°39′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.433°N 14.650°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.433; -14.650</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Gambiya]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Rarraba | class="infobox-data" |Yankin Kogin Tsakiya |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gundumar | class="infobox-data" |Fulladu Yamma |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kafa shi | class="infobox-data" |1262 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Maimaitawa | class="infobox-data" |Shekaru na 1920 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2012)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |8,843 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+0 (GMT) |} '''Bansang''' wani gari ne a cikin Central River Division na [[Gambiya]], tare da yawan mutane 8,843 (2012). Kodayake cibiyar gwamnati ta hukuma ta Sashen tana cikin [[Janjanbureh]], Bansang yana da damar shiga yankin da ya fi wadata a bakin teku na ƙasar, kuma wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa babban birnin tattalin arziki na "ƙasa" wanda ba na hukuma ba. [dubious - tattauna]  Garin kasuwa ce ta man shanu, shinkafa da kifi.<ref name="EB Bansang">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/52153/Bansang Bansang], Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved 2012-04-30.</ref> == Tarihi == A cewar labari, an kafa Bansang a matsayin '''Ba-Sansango''', ma'ana 'kogi tata' a farkon 1260s, a lokacin ƙaurawar Tiramakhan Traore Uba kwarin [[Kogin Gambiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronologie de Tiramanghan |url=http://chantshistoiremande.free.fr/Html/chronol3.php |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=Chants et Histoires du Mande |language=French}}</ref> Yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na masarautun [[Kingdom of Jimara|Jimara]] da [[Wuropana]], jihohin da suka kafa daular [[Daular Kaabu|Kaabu]]. A cikin shekarun 1860 mulkin Fula na Fuladu ya tashi yayin da Kaabu ya ƙi. A ƙarshen karni na 19, Bansang kawai tashar jiragen ruwa ce da kuma wurin haye kogi. Ya zama muhimmiyar sulhu a lokacin mulkin mallaka yayin da iyalai suka zauna a can don amfani da damar da ke cikin kasuwancin peanuts a [[Kogin Gambiya]]. Mutanen Mandinka sune na farko da suka sake zama a wurin, sannan [[Fulani|Fula]] da Wolof suka biyo baya a karni na 20.<ref>Bellagamba, Alice. "A Matter of Trust. Political Identities and Interpersonal Relationships along the River Gambia." Paideuma, vol. 46, 2000, p. 38. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40341782. Accessed 4 June 2023.</ref> Garin ya fara ne a matsayin wurin cinikayya da ake zaune a lokacin, har sai wani dan kasuwa mai arziki na gida, Bakary Darboe, ya kafa fili na farko a cikin shekarun 1920. Iyalansa sun biyo bayan dangin Musa Molloh Balde, tsohon mai mulkin Fuladu.<ref>Bellagamba, 47-8.</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Bansang_Central_River_Division_Gambia.jpg|The main street in Bansang File:RiverGambia_BansangCentralRiverDivisionGambia.jpg|Upstream view of the [[Kogin Gambiya|River Gambia]] File:River_Ferry_Bansang_Central_River_Division_Gambia.jpg|The manually-operated vehicle ferry across the river </gallery> == Tushe == * ''[http://www.columbia.edu/~msj42/CentralRiver.htm Atlas na Gambiya]'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} n5cgbfmibyyrz4xg4caadk66sdau436 967570 967569 2026-10-14T14:17:42Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 967570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Bansang</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Gambia_bansang_havard.jpg|300x300px]] |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px">[[File:Gambia_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|300x300px|Bansang is located in The Gambia]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:51%;left:69.118%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Bansang]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Bansang</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a Gambiya</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bansang&params=13_26_N_14_39_W_region:GM_type:city(8843) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°26′N</span> <span class="longitude">14°39′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.433°N 14.650°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.433; -14.650</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Gambiya]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Rarraba | class="infobox-data" |Yankin Kogin Tsakiya |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gundumar | class="infobox-data" |Fulladu Yamma |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kafa shi | class="infobox-data" |1262 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Maimaitawa | class="infobox-data" |Shekaru na 1920 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2012)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |8,843 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+0 (GMT) |} '''Bansang''' wani gari ne a cikin Central River Division na [[Gambiya]], tare da yawan mutane 8,843 (2012). Kodayake cibiyar gwamnati ta hukuma ta Sashen tana cikin [[Janjanbureh]], Bansang yana da damar shiga yankin da ya fi wadata a bakin teku na ƙasar, kuma wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa babban birnin tattalin arziki na "ƙasa" wanda ba na hukuma ba. [dubious - tattauna]  Garin kasuwa ce ta man shanu, shinkafa da kifi.<ref name="EB Bansang">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/52153/Bansang Bansang], Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved 2012-04-30.</ref> == Tarihi == A cewar labari, an kafa Bansang a matsayin '''Ba-Sansango''', ma'ana 'kogi tata' a farkon 1260s, a lokacin ƙaurawar Tiramakhan Traore Uba kwarin [[Kogin Gambiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronologie de Tiramanghan |url=http://chantshistoiremande.free.fr/Html/chronol3.php |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=Chants et Histoires du Mande |language=French}}</ref> Yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na masarautun [[Kingdom of Jimara|Jimara]] da [[Wuropana]], jihohin da suka kafa daular [[Daular Kaabu|Kaabu]]. A cikin shekarun 1860 mulkin Fula na Fuladu ya tashi yayin da Kaabu ya ƙi. A ƙarshen karni na 19, Bansang kawai tashar jiragen ruwa ce da kuma wurin haye kogi. Ya zama muhimmiyar sulhu a lokacin mulkin mallaka yayin da iyalai suka zauna a can don amfani da damar da ke cikin kasuwancin peanuts a [[Kogin Gambiya]]. Mutanen Mandinka sune na farko da suka sake zama a wurin, sannan [[Fulani|Fula]] da Wolof suka biyo baya a karni na 20.<ref>Bellagamba, Alice. "A Matter of Trust. Political Identities and Interpersonal Relationships along the River Gambia." Paideuma, vol. 46, 2000, p. 38. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40341782. Accessed 4 June 2023.</ref> Garin ya fara ne a matsayin wurin cinikayya da ake zaune a lokacin, har sai wani dan kasuwa mai arziki na gida, Bakary Darboe, ya kafa fili na farko a cikin shekarun 1920. Iyalansa sun biyo bayan dangin Musa Molloh Balde, tsohon mai mulkin Fuladu.<ref>Bellagamba, 47-8.</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Bansang_Central_River_Division_Gambia.jpg|The main street in Bansang File:RiverGambia_BansangCentralRiverDivisionGambia.jpg|Upstream view of the [[Kogin Gambiya|River Gambia]] File:River_Ferry_Bansang_Central_River_Division_Gambia.jpg|The manually-operated vehicle ferry across the river </gallery> == Tushe == * ''[http://www.columbia.edu/~msj42/CentralRiver.htm Atlas na Gambiya]'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} jephgvkvt02pkxtcjd7nve3c8qxomph Qays ibn al-Haytham al-Sulami 0 179232 967571 2026-10-14T14:26:11Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1306174967|Qays ibn al-Haytham al-Sulami]]" 967571 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Qays ibn al-Haytham al-Sulamī''' (Arabic: قيس بن الهيثم السلمي) (fl. 649 – 684) == Rayuwa == Qays ibn al-Haytham na kabilar Banu Sulaym ne, wani bangare na ƙungiyar Qays / Mudar. {{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Ya fito ne daga wani fitaccen iyali a Basra, {{Sfn|Hawting|1989}} wani ɓangare na Mudar ''ashraf'' (masu daraja na kabilar Larabawa).{{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}}An ba da cikakken sunansa a matsayin Qays ibn al-Haytham ibn Qays ibn Al-Salt ibn Habib ko Qays ibn a Haytham ibn Asma ibn al-Salt. {{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}}{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Masanin tarihi na ƙarni na 8 [[Sayf ɗan Umar|Sayf ibn Umar]] ya ambaci ɗan'uwan Qays Amr a matsayin mai shiga cikin mamayar Musulmi na Iraki a cikin 634, amma masanin tarihi Khalid Yahya Blankinship ya ɗauki wannan ba zai yiwu ba.{{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}}A cewar al-Baladhuri, wani kawun Qays, Asim ibn Qays ibn al-Salt, [[Abu Musa al-Ashari|Abu Musa al-Ash'ari]] ne ya nada shi gwamna na garin Manadhir a yankin [[Ahvaz|Ahwaz]] bayan Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Harithi ya ci shi daga [[Daular Sasanian|Sasanians]] a kusa da 638. {{Sfn|Murgotten|1924}} Caliph [[Usman Ibn Affan|Uthman]] (r. 644-656) ne ya nada Qays a kan gundumar Nishapur ta Khurasan a cikin 649/50 .{{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}Kafin kisan da aka yi masa a shekara ta 656, Uthman ya fadada gwamnan Qays zuwa duk lardin Khurasan.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}Qays ya nada dan uwan mahaifinsa, [[Abd Allah dan Khazim al-Sulami|Abd Allah ibn Khazim al-Sulami]], a matsayin mataimakin gwamnansa kuma ya bar lardin zuwa Basra don tantance h[[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali]] siyasa bayan mutuwar Uthman; duk da haka, Ibn Khazim, ta amfani da difloma da ya samu a baya daga gwamnan Basra, Abd Allah ibn Amir, ya bayyana kansa gwamna kuma ya kasance a cikin mukamin har sai da Khalifa Ali (r. 656-661) ya kore shi.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}Qays ya yi fushi da makircin dan uwansa kuma an ruwaito cewa: "Ina da mafi kyawun dama fiye da Abd Allah na zama ɗan [mahaifiyar Abd Allah] Ajla. " Lokacin da Mu'awiya na shiga cikin Khalifanci a cikin 661, an sake nada Qays a matsayin gwamnan Khurasan ta hanyar umarnin Ibn Amir ko Khalifanci da kansa. {{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Ya kasance a cikin mukamin na tsawon shekaru biyu.{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}An sake maye gurbinsa da dan uwansa Abd Allah bayan ya kasa murkushe tawaye a [[Karin, Iran|Qarin]] kuma an ɗaure shi a Basra har sai mahaifiyarsa ta shiga tsakani a madadinsa.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}Daga baya Ibn Amir ya sanya shi mataimakin gwamnan Basra lokacin da ya ziyarci kotun Mu'awiya a Siriya a cikin 664. {{Sfn|Hawting|1996}} Bayan da aka nada Ziyad ibn Abihi a matsayin gwamnan Basra a cikin 665, ya nada Qays a matsayin gwamnatin Marw al-Rudh a Khurasan.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}A cikin 678/79, Mu'awiya ya sanya ɗan Ziyad Abd al-Rahman gwamna na Khurasan.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}A wannan lokacin, Qays ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar Banu Sulaym ta Basra, ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙabilar guda biyar na garuruwan birnin.{{Sfn|Howard|1990}}Abd al-Rahman ya nada Qays mataimakinsa kuma ya sanya shi ya shiga lardin a gabansa. Bayan haka, Qays ya kama babban shugaban kabilar Aslam ibn Zur'a al-Kilabi.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}A lokacin mulkin Khalifa [[Yazid I]] (r. 680-683), a cikin 680/81, sabon wanda Khalifa ya nada a kan Khurasan, ɗan'uwan Abd al-Rahman Salm, ya aika mataimakinsa al-Harith ibn Mu'awiya al-Harithi don daidaita shi a lardin kafin zuwansa. Al-Harith ya kama Qays kuma ya ɗaure shi kuma ya ɗaura ɗansa Shabib a cikin sarƙoƙi.{{Sfn|Howard|1990}}Qays daga baya ya koma Basra inda ya ci gaba a matsayin mai daraja na Sulaym da ƙungiyar Mudar (wanda ke adawa da ƙungiyar Azd-Rabi'a). {{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Tare da wani dan kabilar Basran mai daraja daga ƙungiyar Azd-Rabi'a, al-Nu'man ibn Suhban al-Rasibi, Qays ya kasance mai sulhu don zabar magajin Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad a matsayin gwamnan Basra bayan korar UbaydAllah bayan mutuwar Yazid a cikin 683.{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}} Basra da mafi yawan Khalifanci sun amince da tushen [[Makkah|Makka]], mai adawa da Umayyad [[Abdullah ɗan al-Zubayr|Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr]] a matsayin Khalifa. An aika Qays tare da jami'an tsaro na Basran don murkushe yunkurin magoya bayan al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, mai mulkin Alid na [[Kufa]], don samun iko da Basra.{{Sfn|Fishbein|1990}}Ya mutu bayan 684. {{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Bayanan littattafai == *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *  {{Dead link|date=May 2021}} cotf65bwjmccbo6tmhr6flngwpo5778 967572 967571 2026-10-14T14:26:43Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 967572 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Qays ibn al-Haytham al-Sulamī''' (Arabic: قيس بن الهيثم السلمي) (fl. 649 – 684) == Rayuwa == Qays ibn al-Haytham na kabilar Banu Sulaym ne, wani bangare na ƙungiyar Qays / Mudar. {{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Ya fito ne daga wani fitaccen iyali a Basra, {{Sfn|Hawting|1989}} wani ɓangare na Mudar ''ashraf'' (masu daraja na kabilar Larabawa).{{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}}An ba da cikakken sunansa a matsayin Qays ibn al-Haytham ibn Qays ibn Al-Salt ibn Habib ko Qays ibn a Haytham ibn Asma ibn al-Salt. {{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}}{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Masanin tarihi na ƙarni na 8 [[Sayf ɗan Umar|Sayf ibn Umar]] ya ambaci ɗan'uwan Qays Amr a matsayin mai shiga cikin mamayar Musulmi na Iraki a cikin 634, amma masanin tarihi Khalid Yahya Blankinship ya ɗauki wannan ba zai yiwu ba.{{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}}A cewar al-Baladhuri, wani kawun Qays, Asim ibn Qays ibn al-Salt, [[Abu Musa al-Ashari|Abu Musa al-Ash'ari]] ne ya nada shi gwamna na garin Manadhir a yankin [[Ahvaz|Ahwaz]] bayan Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Harithi ya ci shi daga [[Daular Sasanian|Sasanians]] a kusa da 638. {{Sfn|Murgotten|1924}} Caliph [[Usman Ibn Affan|Uthman]] (r. 644-656) ne ya nada Qays a kan gundumar Nishapur ta Khurasan a cikin 649/50 .{{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}Kafin kisan da aka yi masa a shekara ta 656, Uthman ya fadada gwamnan Qays zuwa duk lardin Khurasan.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}Qays ya nada dan uwan mahaifinsa, [[Abd Allah dan Khazim al-Sulami|Abd Allah ibn Khazim al-Sulami]], a matsayin mataimakin gwamnansa kuma ya bar lardin zuwa Basra don tantance h[[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali]] siyasa bayan mutuwar Uthman; duk da haka, Ibn Khazim, ta amfani da difloma da ya samu a baya daga gwamnan Basra, Abd Allah ibn Amir, ya bayyana kansa gwamna kuma ya kasance a cikin mukamin har sai da Khalifa Ali (r. 656-661) ya kore shi.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}Qays ya yi fushi da makircin dan uwansa kuma an ruwaito cewa: "Ina da mafi kyawun dama fiye da Abd Allah na zama ɗan [mahaifiyar Abd Allah] Ajla. " Lokacin da Mu'awiya na shiga cikin Khalifanci a cikin 661, an sake nada Qays a matsayin gwamnan Khurasan ta hanyar umarnin Ibn Amir ko Khalifanci da kansa. {{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Ya kasance a cikin mukamin na tsawon shekaru biyu.{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}An sake maye gurbinsa da dan uwansa Abd Allah bayan ya kasa murkushe tawaye a [[Karin, Iran|Qarin]] kuma an ɗaure shi a Basra har sai mahaifiyarsa ta shiga tsakani a madadinsa.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}Daga baya Ibn Amir ya sanya shi mataimakin gwamnan Basra lokacin da ya ziyarci kotun Mu'awiya a Siriya a cikin 664. {{Sfn|Hawting|1996}} Bayan da aka nada Ziyad ibn Abihi a matsayin gwamnan Basra a cikin 665, ya nada Qays a matsayin gwamnatin Marw al-Rudh a Khurasan.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}A cikin 678/79, Mu'awiya ya sanya ɗan Ziyad Abd al-Rahman gwamna na Khurasan.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}A wannan lokacin, Qays ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar Banu Sulaym ta Basra, ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙabilar guda biyar na garuruwan birnin.{{Sfn|Howard|1990}}Abd al-Rahman ya nada Qays mataimakinsa kuma ya sanya shi ya shiga lardin a gabansa. Bayan haka, Qays ya kama babban shugaban kabilar Aslam ibn Zur'a al-Kilabi.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}A lokacin mulkin Khalifa [[Yazid I]] (r. 680-683), a cikin 680/81, sabon wanda Khalifa ya nada a kan Khurasan, ɗan'uwan Abd al-Rahman Salm, ya aika mataimakinsa al-Harith ibn Mu'awiya al-Harithi don daidaita shi a lardin kafin zuwansa. Al-Harith ya kama Qays kuma ya ɗaure shi kuma ya ɗaura ɗansa Shabib a cikin sarƙoƙi.{{Sfn|Howard|1990}}Qays daga baya ya koma Basra inda ya ci gaba a matsayin mai daraja na Sulaym da ƙungiyar Mudar (wanda ke adawa da ƙungiyar Azd-Rabi'a). {{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Tare da wani dan kabilar Basran mai daraja daga ƙungiyar Azd-Rabi'a, al-Nu'man ibn Suhban al-Rasibi, Qays ya kasance mai sulhu don zabar magajin Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad a matsayin gwamnan Basra bayan korar UbaydAllah bayan mutuwar Yazid a cikin 683.{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}} Basra da mafi yawan Khalifanci sun amince da tushen [[Makkah|Makka]], mai adawa da Umayyad [[Abdullah ɗan al-Zubayr|Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr]] a matsayin Khalifa. An aika Qays tare da jami'an tsaro na Basran don murkushe yunkurin magoya bayan al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, mai mulkin Alid na [[Kufa]], don samun iko da Basra.{{Sfn|Fishbein|1990}}Ya mutu bayan 684. {{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Bayanan littattafai == *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *  {{Dead link|date=May 2021}} ph9o0ost34zbgwhqf8c5pjfpmnc1k9u 967573 967572 2026-10-14T14:28:47Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Bayanan littattafai */ 967573 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Qays ibn al-Haytham al-Sulamī''' (Arabic: قيس بن الهيثم السلمي) (fl. 649 – 684) == Rayuwa == Qays ibn al-Haytham na kabilar Banu Sulaym ne, wani bangare na ƙungiyar Qays / Mudar. {{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Ya fito ne daga wani fitaccen iyali a Basra, {{Sfn|Hawting|1989}} wani ɓangare na Mudar ''ashraf'' (masu daraja na kabilar Larabawa).{{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}}An ba da cikakken sunansa a matsayin Qays ibn al-Haytham ibn Qays ibn Al-Salt ibn Habib ko Qays ibn a Haytham ibn Asma ibn al-Salt. {{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}}{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Masanin tarihi na ƙarni na 8 [[Sayf ɗan Umar|Sayf ibn Umar]] ya ambaci ɗan'uwan Qays Amr a matsayin mai shiga cikin mamayar Musulmi na Iraki a cikin 634, amma masanin tarihi Khalid Yahya Blankinship ya ɗauki wannan ba zai yiwu ba.{{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}}A cewar al-Baladhuri, wani kawun Qays, Asim ibn Qays ibn al-Salt, [[Abu Musa al-Ashari|Abu Musa al-Ash'ari]] ne ya nada shi gwamna na garin Manadhir a yankin [[Ahvaz|Ahwaz]] bayan Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Harithi ya ci shi daga [[Daular Sasanian|Sasanians]] a kusa da 638. {{Sfn|Murgotten|1924}} Caliph [[Usman Ibn Affan|Uthman]] (r. 644-656) ne ya nada Qays a kan gundumar Nishapur ta Khurasan a cikin 649/50 .{{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}Kafin kisan da aka yi masa a shekara ta 656, Uthman ya fadada gwamnan Qays zuwa duk lardin Khurasan.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}Qays ya nada dan uwan mahaifinsa, [[Abd Allah dan Khazim al-Sulami|Abd Allah ibn Khazim al-Sulami]], a matsayin mataimakin gwamnansa kuma ya bar lardin zuwa Basra don tantance h[[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali]] siyasa bayan mutuwar Uthman; duk da haka, Ibn Khazim, ta amfani da difloma da ya samu a baya daga gwamnan Basra, Abd Allah ibn Amir, ya bayyana kansa gwamna kuma ya kasance a cikin mukamin har sai da Khalifa Ali (r. 656-661) ya kore shi.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}Qays ya yi fushi da makircin dan uwansa kuma an ruwaito cewa: "Ina da mafi kyawun dama fiye da Abd Allah na zama ɗan [mahaifiyar Abd Allah] Ajla. " Lokacin da Mu'awiya na shiga cikin Khalifanci a cikin 661, an sake nada Qays a matsayin gwamnan Khurasan ta hanyar umarnin Ibn Amir ko Khalifanci da kansa. {{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Ya kasance a cikin mukamin na tsawon shekaru biyu.{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}An sake maye gurbinsa da dan uwansa Abd Allah bayan ya kasa murkushe tawaye a [[Karin, Iran|Qarin]] kuma an ɗaure shi a Basra har sai mahaifiyarsa ta shiga tsakani a madadinsa.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}Daga baya Ibn Amir ya sanya shi mataimakin gwamnan Basra lokacin da ya ziyarci kotun Mu'awiya a Siriya a cikin 664. {{Sfn|Hawting|1996}} Bayan da aka nada Ziyad ibn Abihi a matsayin gwamnan Basra a cikin 665, ya nada Qays a matsayin gwamnatin Marw al-Rudh a Khurasan.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}A cikin 678/79, Mu'awiya ya sanya ɗan Ziyad Abd al-Rahman gwamna na Khurasan.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}A wannan lokacin, Qays ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar Banu Sulaym ta Basra, ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙabilar guda biyar na garuruwan birnin.{{Sfn|Howard|1990}}Abd al-Rahman ya nada Qays mataimakinsa kuma ya sanya shi ya shiga lardin a gabansa. Bayan haka, Qays ya kama babban shugaban kabilar Aslam ibn Zur'a al-Kilabi.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}A lokacin mulkin Khalifa [[Yazid I]] (r. 680-683), a cikin 680/81, sabon wanda Khalifa ya nada a kan Khurasan, ɗan'uwan Abd al-Rahman Salm, ya aika mataimakinsa al-Harith ibn Mu'awiya al-Harithi don daidaita shi a lardin kafin zuwansa. Al-Harith ya kama Qays kuma ya ɗaure shi kuma ya ɗaura ɗansa Shabib a cikin sarƙoƙi.{{Sfn|Howard|1990}}Qays daga baya ya koma Basra inda ya ci gaba a matsayin mai daraja na Sulaym da ƙungiyar Mudar (wanda ke adawa da ƙungiyar Azd-Rabi'a). {{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Tare da wani dan kabilar Basran mai daraja daga ƙungiyar Azd-Rabi'a, al-Nu'man ibn Suhban al-Rasibi, Qays ya kasance mai sulhu don zabar magajin Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad a matsayin gwamnan Basra bayan korar UbaydAllah bayan mutuwar Yazid a cikin 683.{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}} Basra da mafi yawan Khalifanci sun amince da tushen [[Makkah|Makka]], mai adawa da Umayyad [[Abdullah ɗan al-Zubayr|Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr]] a matsayin Khalifa. An aika Qays tare da jami'an tsaro na Basran don murkushe yunkurin magoya bayan al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, mai mulkin Alid na [[Kufa]], don samun iko da Basra.{{Sfn|Fishbein|1990}}Ya mutu bayan 684. {{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Bayanan littattafai == *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=11 }} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=21 }} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=15 }} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=17 }} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=20 }} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=19 }} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=18 }} *{{cite book |last1=Murgotten |first1=Francis Clark |title=The Origins of the Islamic State, Being a Translation from the Arabic, Accompanied with Annotations, Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitâb Fitûh al-Buldân of al-Imâm Abu-l Abbâs Ahmad Ibn-Jâbir al-Balâdhuri, Part 2 |date=1924 |publisher=Columbia University & Longman, Green & Co. |location=New York and London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J35DAQAAIAAJ}} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=18 |url={{Gbook||plainurl=y}}}}{{Dead link|date=May 2021}} {{Authority control}} f7w2stnbiwq9ztaltpue4qdksf1kzal 967575 967573 2026-10-14T14:39:38Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 967575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Qays ibn al-Haytham al-Sulamī''' (Arabic: قيس بن الهيثم السلمي) (fl. 649 – 684) == Rayuwa == Qays ibn al-Haytham na kabilar Banu Sulaym ne, wani bangare na ƙungiyar Qays / Mudar. {{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Ya fito ne daga wani fitaccen iyali a Basra, {{Sfn|Hawting|1989}} wani ɓangare na Mudar ''ashraf'' (masu daraja na kabilar Larabawa).{{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}}An ba da cikakken sunansa a matsayin Qays ibn al-Haytham ibn Qays ibn Al-Salt ibn Habib ko Qays ibn a Haytham ibn Asma ibn al-Salt. {{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}}{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Masanin tarihi na ƙarni na 8 [[Sayf ɗan Umar|Sayf ibn Umar]] ya ambaci ɗan'uwan Qays Amr a matsayin mai shiga cikin mamayar Musulmi na Iraki a cikin 634, amma masanin tarihi Khalid Yahya Blankinship ya ɗauki wannan ba zai yiwu ba.{{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}}A cewar al-Baladhuri, wani kawun Qays, Asim ibn Qays ibn al-Salt, [[Abu Musa al-Ashari|Abu Musa al-Ash'ari]] ne ya nada shi gwamna na garin Manadhir a yankin [[Ahvaz|Ahwaz]] bayan Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Harithi ya ci shi daga [[Daular Sasanian|Sasanians]] a kusa da 638. {{Sfn|Murgotten|1924}} Caliph [[Usman Ibn Affan|Uthman]] (r. 644-656) ne ya nada Qays a kan gundumar Nishapur ta Khurasan a cikin 649/50 .{{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}Kafin kisan da aka yi masa a shekara ta 656, Uthman ya fadada gwamnan Qays zuwa duk lardin Khurasan.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}Qays ya nada dan uwan mahaifinsa, [[Abd Allah dan Khazim al-Sulami|Abd Allah ibn Khazim al-Sulami]], a matsayin mataimakin gwamnansa kuma ya bar lardin zuwa Basra don tantance h[[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali]] siyasa bayan mutuwar Uthman; duk da haka, Ibn Khazim, ta amfani da difloma da ya samu a baya daga gwamnan Basra, Abd Allah ibn Amir, ya bayyana kansa gwamna kuma ya kasance a cikin mukamin har sai da Khalifa Ali (r. 656-661) ya kore shi.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}Qays ya yi fushi da makircin dan uwansa kuma an ruwaito cewa: "Ina da mafi kyawun dama fiye da Abd Allah na zama ɗan [mahaifiyar Abd Allah] Ajla. " Lokacin da Mu'awiya na shiga cikin Khalifanci a cikin 661, an sake nada Qays a matsayin gwamnan Khurasan ta hanyar umarnin Ibn Amir ko Khalifanci da kansa. {{Sfn|Humphreys|1990}}{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Ya kasance a cikin mukamin na tsawon shekaru biyu.{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}An sake maye gurbinsa da dan uwansa Abd Allah bayan ya kasa murkushe tawaye a [[Karin, Iran|Qarin]] kuma an ɗaure shi a Basra har sai mahaifiyarsa ta shiga tsakani a madadinsa.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}Daga baya Ibn Amir ya sanya shi mataimakin gwamnan Basra lokacin da ya ziyarci kotun Mu'awiya a Siriya a cikin 664. {{Sfn|Hawting|1996}} Bayan da aka nada Ziyad ibn Abihi a matsayin gwamnan Basra a cikin 665, ya nada Qays a matsayin gwamnatin Marw al-Rudh a Khurasan.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}A cikin 678/79, Mu'awiya ya sanya ɗan Ziyad Abd al-Rahman gwamna na Khurasan.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}A wannan lokacin, Qays ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar Banu Sulaym ta Basra, ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙabilar guda biyar na garuruwan birnin.{{Sfn|Howard|1990}}Abd al-Rahman ya nada Qays mataimakinsa kuma ya sanya shi ya shiga lardin a gabansa. Bayan haka, Qays ya kama babban shugaban kabilar Aslam ibn Zur'a al-Kilabi.{{Sfn|Hawting|1996}}A lokacin mulkin Khalifa [[Yazid I]] (r. 680-683), a cikin 680/81, sabon wanda Khalifa ya nada a kan Khurasan, ɗan'uwan Abd al-Rahman Salm, ya aika mataimakinsa al-Harith ibn Mu'awiya al-Harithi don daidaita shi a lardin kafin zuwansa. Al-Harith ya kama Qays kuma ya ɗaure shi kuma ya ɗaura ɗansa Shabib a cikin sarƙoƙi.{{Sfn|Howard|1990}}Qays daga baya ya koma Basra inda ya ci gaba a matsayin mai daraja na Sulaym da ƙungiyar Mudar (wanda ke adawa da ƙungiyar Azd-Rabi'a). {{Sfn|Hawting|1989}}Tare da wani dan kabilar Basran mai daraja daga ƙungiyar Azd-Rabi'a, al-Nu'man ibn Suhban al-Rasibi, Qays ya kasance mai sulhu don zabar magajin Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad a matsayin gwamnan Basra bayan korar UbaydAllah bayan mutuwar Yazid a cikin 683.{{Sfn|Hawting|1989}} Basra da mafi yawan Khalifanci sun amince da tushen [[Makkah|Makka]], mai adawa da Umayyad [[Abdullah ɗan al-Zubayr|Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr]] a matsayin Khalifa. An aika Qays tare da jami'an tsaro na Basran don murkushe yunkurin magoya bayan al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, mai mulkin Alid na [[Kufa]], don samun iko da Basra.{{Sfn|Fishbein|1990}}Ya mutu bayan 684. {{Sfn|Blankinship|1993}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Bayanan littattafai == *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=11 }} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=21 }} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=15 }} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=17 }} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=20 }} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=19 }} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=18 }} *{{cite book |last1=Murgotten |first1=Francis Clark |title=The Origins of the Islamic State, Being a Translation from the Arabic, Accompanied with Annotations, Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitâb Fitûh al-Buldân of al-Imâm Abu-l Abbâs Ahmad Ibn-Jâbir al-Balâdhuri, Part 2 |date=1924 |publisher=Columbia University & Longman, Green & Co. |location=New York and London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J35DAQAAIAAJ}} *{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=18 |url={{Gbook||plainurl=y}}}}{{Dead link|date=May 2021}} {{Authority control}} nt53njhj16qukdir65fekzcboq2ukyz Tashar Jirgin Ƙasa ta Bajoga 0 179233 967574 2026-10-14T14:35:15Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Tashar Jirgin Ƙasa ta Bajoga''' (''Bajoga Railway Station'') tashar jirgin ƙasa ce da ke garin [[Bajoga]], hedikwatar ƙaramar hukumar [[Funakaye]], a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Tashar tana kan layin dogo na Gabashin Najeriya, wanda ya haɗa wasu yankunan ƙasar da arewa maso gabas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bajoga Map – Railway Station |url=https://mapcarta.com/N4180445030 |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Mapcarta}}</ref> == Sufuri == Tashar tana cikin hanyar layin dogo d... 967574 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tashar Jirgin Ƙasa ta Bajoga''' (''Bajoga Railway Station'') tashar jirgin ƙasa ce da ke garin [[Bajoga]], hedikwatar ƙaramar hukumar [[Funakaye]], a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Tashar tana kan layin dogo na Gabashin Najeriya, wanda ya haɗa wasu yankunan ƙasar da arewa maso gabas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bajoga Map – Railway Station |url=https://mapcarta.com/N4180445030 |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Mapcarta}}</ref> == Sufuri == Tashar tana cikin hanyar layin dogo da ta ratsa yankin arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. A shekarar 2014, Ma'aikatar Sufurin Najeriya ta bayyana Bajoga a matsayin wurin da ayyukan gyaran layin dogo suka kai, yayin da ake shirin dawo da zirga-zirgar jiragen ƙasa a yankin.<ref>{{cite news |date=28 September 2014 |title=Rail services’ll soon commence on Port Harcourt, North East lines – FG |url=https://peoplesdaily.ng/rail-servicesll-soon-commence-on-porthacourt-north-east-lines-fg/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |work=People's Daily}}</ref> == Yanayin tashar == Bayanai kan taswirori sun nuna cewa tashar tana cikin garin Bajoga, a yankin Funakaye. Duk da haka, babu isassun bayanai na baya-bayan nan da ke tabbatar da cewa ana gudanar da zirga-zirgar fasinjoji a tashar a halin yanzu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bajoga Railway Station |url=https://vymaps.com/NG/Bajoga-Railway-Station-18850/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=VYMaps}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} bi37bvz1h0ukghwjhtk5y6ofkhej4h0 Gidan Tarihi na Shaik Adam el Nafaty 0 179234 967576 2026-10-14T14:45:24Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Gidan Tarihi na Shaik Adam el Nafaty''' (''Shaik Adam el Nafaty Museum'') wani gidan tarihi ne da ke Nafada, a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ana danganta wurin da Shaik Adam el Nafaty, kuma an jera shi a matsayin gidan tarihi a kundin adireshin wuraren da ke Nafada.<ref>{{cite web |title=shaik adam Elnafaty |url=https://ng.worldorgs.com/catalog/nafada/museum/shaikadamelnafaty |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=WorldOrgs}}</ref> == Wuri == Gidan tarihin yana Nafada, hedikwatar... 967576 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gidan Tarihi na Shaik Adam el Nafaty''' (''Shaik Adam el Nafaty Museum'') wani gidan tarihi ne da ke Nafada, a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ana danganta wurin da Shaik Adam el Nafaty, kuma an jera shi a matsayin gidan tarihi a kundin adireshin wuraren da ke Nafada.<ref>{{cite web |title=shaik adam Elnafaty |url=https://ng.worldorgs.com/catalog/nafada/museum/shaikadamelnafaty |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=WorldOrgs}}</ref> == Wuri == Gidan tarihin yana Nafada, hedikwatar ƙaramar hukumar Nafada a Jihar Gombe. Ana iya samun bayanan adireshinsa a kundin wuraren kasuwanci da ayyuka na yankin.<ref>{{cite web |title=shaik adam Elnafaty |url=https://ng.worldorgs.com/catalog/nafada/museum/shaikadamelnafaty |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=WorldOrgs}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ai22165s4penqtmjveocoium1rit69h Ofishin Gidan Wasiƙa na Bajoga 0 179235 967579 2026-10-14T15:10:23Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Ofishin Gidan Wasiƙa na Bajoga''' (''Bajoga Post Office'') ofishin gidan wasiƙa ne da ke garin Bajoga, hedikwatar Ƙaramar Hukumar Funakaye, a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An jera adireshinsa a matsayin Anguwar Ari, kusa da Babban Asibitin Bajoga.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Post Offices in Gombe State, Nigeria With Addresses |url=https://postalcode.com.ng/gombe/list-of-post-offices-in-gombe-state-nigeria-with-addresses/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Postalcode.com.ng}... 967579 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ofishin Gidan Wasiƙa na Bajoga''' (''Bajoga Post Office'') ofishin gidan wasiƙa ne da ke garin Bajoga, hedikwatar Ƙaramar Hukumar Funakaye, a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An jera adireshinsa a matsayin Anguwar Ari, kusa da Babban Asibitin Bajoga.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Post Offices in Gombe State, Nigeria With Addresses |url=https://postalcode.com.ng/gombe/list-of-post-offices-in-gombe-state-nigeria-with-addresses/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Postalcode.com.ng}}</ref> == Lambar gidan waya == An jera lambar gidan waya (Postal Code) ta ofishin a matsayin 762001. Wannan ya bambanta da lambar 762101 da ake amfani da ita a wasu jerin lambobin gidan waya na yankunan karkara na Bajoga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Postal Code |url=https://zipcode.ng/gombe-state-postal-code.html |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Zipcode.ng}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ghwcb4grhkj0n7lr4mao41hm30j4qi3 Gombe International Hotel 0 179236 967580 2026-10-14T15:19:27Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Otal na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Gombe''' (''Gombe International Hotel'') otal ne da ke birnin Gombe, Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An ambaci otal ɗin a cikin bayanan kuɗaɗen gwamnatin Jihar Gombe, ciki har da kuɗaɗen shiga da aka samu daga gare shi da kuma kasafin kuɗin sake fasalinsa da kammala ayyukansa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State 2019 Financial Statement |url=https://mof.gm.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Gombe-State-2019-Financial-Statement-min.pdf |access-date=14 Octo... 967580 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Otal na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Gombe''' (''Gombe International Hotel'') otal ne da ke birnin Gombe, Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An ambaci otal ɗin a cikin bayanan kuɗaɗen gwamnatin Jihar Gombe, ciki har da kuɗaɗen shiga da aka samu daga gare shi da kuma kasafin kuɗin sake fasalinsa da kammala ayyukansa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State 2019 Financial Statement |url=https://mof.gm.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Gombe-State-2019-Financial-Statement-min.pdf |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe}}</ref> == Kuɗaɗen shiga da gyare-gyare == Rahoton kuɗaɗen gwamnatin jihar na shekarar 2020 ya nuna cewa an samu kuɗaɗen shiga daga Gombe International Hotel. Haka kuma, takardun kasafin kuɗi na jihar sun ambaci aikin sake fasali da kammala otal ɗin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State 2019 Financial Statement |url=https://mof.gm.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Gombe-State-2019-Financial-Statement-min.pdf |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State 2023 First Quarter Budget Performance Report |url=https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Final-Version-of-Gombe-State-2023-Q-1-BPR-CR-1.pdf |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} nyf4rgkcmyvf5csdxz9f7xh2wojo13g Metro Consultants Clinic 0 179237 967581 2026-10-14T15:23:39Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Metro Consultants Clinic''' asibiti ne mai zaman kansa da ke birnin Gombe, Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ana jera cibiyar a cikin kundin masu samar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na kamfanonin inshorar lafiya a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Service Providers |url=https://fountainhealthcareng.com/service-providers/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Fountain Healthcare Limited}}</ref> == Wuri == Cibiyar tana kan titin Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, a yankin Federal Low Cost na birnin Gombe... 967581 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Metro Consultants Clinic''' asibiti ne mai zaman kansa da ke birnin Gombe, Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ana jera cibiyar a cikin kundin masu samar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na kamfanonin inshorar lafiya a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Service Providers |url=https://fountainhealthcareng.com/service-providers/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Fountain Healthcare Limited}}</ref> == Wuri == Cibiyar tana kan titin Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, a yankin Federal Low Cost na birnin Gombe. Wani kundin masu samar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya ya bayyana wurinta a matsayin kusa da Federal Medical Centre, Gombe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Providers |url=https://healthpartnersng.org/our-providers/ |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=Health Partners HMO}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} a7glzg2aj9uhpwm7mhd3apkys5wvoyq Hukumar Laburaren Jihar Gombe 0 179238 967582 2026-10-14T15:27:03Z Qassamy 47996 Sabon shafi: '''Hukumar Laburaren Jihar Gombe''' (''Gombe State Library Board'') hukuma ce da aka kafa domin kula da ayyukan laburaren jama'a a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Hukumar ta kasance cibiyar da reshen Laburaren Ƙasa na Najeriya a Gombe ya fara aiki daga gare ta kafin a kafa reshen na ƙasa a shekarar 2008.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Branch |url=https://www.nln.gov.ng/statebranches.php |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=National Library of Nigeria}}</ref> == Tarihi == Bayanan... 967582 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hukumar Laburaren Jihar Gombe''' (''Gombe State Library Board'') hukuma ce da aka kafa domin kula da ayyukan laburaren jama'a a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Hukumar ta kasance cibiyar da reshen Laburaren Ƙasa na Najeriya a Gombe ya fara aiki daga gare ta kafin a kafa reshen na ƙasa a shekarar 2008.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Branch |url=https://www.nln.gov.ng/statebranches.php |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=National Library of Nigeria}}</ref> == Tarihi == Bayanan Laburaren Ƙasa na Najeriya sun nuna cewa reshen hukumar a Jihar Gombe ya fara aiki a shekarar 2008 daga Gombe State Library Board. Daga baya, reshen ya koma nasa ginin na dindindin a shekarar 2017, a kan titin Yola kusa da Gombe International Hotel.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Branch |url=https://www.nln.gov.ng/statebranches.php |access-date=14 October 2026 |website=National Library of Nigeria}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} q8f5eeo9gxqudc9z1vzjnn6eh9jfwl3 User:Kamaf001 2 179239 967590 2026-10-14T16:04:31Z Kamaf001 48297 Sabon shafi: Barka da zuwa shafina na Wikipedia ta Hausa. Wannan shafi zai ƙunshi bayanai game da ni da ayyukana. 967590 wikitext text/x-wiki Barka da zuwa shafina na Wikipedia ta Hausa. Wannan shafi zai ƙunshi bayanai game da ni da ayyukana. 3rkve1qesdqv15v0hwg0qr81ygt2hcu Aorun 0 179240 967600 2026-10-14T16:50:27Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350785202|Aorun]]" 967600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox|image=Aorun.png|taxon=Aorun|authority=Choiniere et al., [[2013 in paleontology|2013]]}} '''''Aorun''''' (pronunciationⓘ) wani nau'i ne na dinosaur Masu cin nama wanda aka fara ganowa a shekara ta 2006, tare da bayanin kimiyya da aka buga a shekara ta 2013.<ref name="cho">{{Cite journal |last=Choiniere J.N. |last2=Clark J.M. |last3=Forster C.M. |last4=Norella M.A. |last5=Eberth D.A. |last6=Erickson G.M. |last7=Chu H |last8=Xu X |year=2013 |title=A juvenile specimen of a new coelurosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Middle–Late Jurassic Shishugou Formation of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/migration/news-migration/files/Paper%20Journal%20of%20Systematic%20Palaentology%20Aorun%20zhaoi%20Choiniere%20et%20al%202013.pdf |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=177–215 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2013.781067 |s2cid=53538348 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111054900/https://www.wits.ac.za/media/migration/news-migration/files/Paper%20Journal%20of%20Systematic%20Palaentology%20Aorun%20zhaoi%20Choiniere%20et%20al%202013.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> Gabaɗaya ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin dinosaur na coelurosaurian kuma an kiyasta cewa sun rayu ~ shekaru miliyan 161.6 da suka gabata a [[Tarihin ilimin ƙasa da duwatsu|Lokacin]] Late Jurassic Period, kodayake wasu masu bincike suna ɗaukar shi Carnosaurian ne a maimakon haka.<ref name="Cau2024">{{Cite journal |last=Cau |first=Andrea |date=2024 |title=A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution |journal=Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.4435/BSPI.2024.08 |doi-broken-date=11 July 2025 |issn=0375-7633}}</ref> == Bincike da suna == [[File:Aorun_skull.jpg|left|thumb|Misali na kwanyar holotype (IVPP V15709) ]] James Clark, Ronald B. Weintraub Farfesa na ilmin halitta, ya gano burbushin da suka hada da kwanyar kai ke da hakora da yawa, a Sashen Kimiyya na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta GW tare da ɗalibinsa na digiri na lokacin Jonah Choiniere, tare da ƙungiyar masu bincike na duniya a wani yanki mai nisa na Xinjiang a China a shekara ta 2006. Da farko sun ga wani ɓangare na ƙashin kafa da aka fallasa a saman, kuma lokacin da suka haƙa shi, sun sami kwanyar a ƙarƙashin. Irin nau'in ''Aorun zhaoi'' an sanya masa suna kuma an bayyana shi a cikin 2013 ta hanyar Jonah Choiniere, James Clark, Catherine Forster, Mark Norell, [[David Eberth]], Gregory Erickson, [[Chuc Hongjun|Chu Hongjun]] da Xu Xing. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga Mandarin Sinanci kuma a zahiri gajeren sunan namiji ne na ''Ao Run'', wanda shine allahn almara na Sinanci, Dragon King of the West Sea a cikin ''Tafiya zuwa Yamma''.<ref name="cho" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=George Washington University |date=3 May 2013 |title=New dinosaur fossil discovered in China: Meat-eating dinosaur from late Jurassic period was less than a year old |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130503132723.htm |access-date=2013-05-04 |website=ScienceDaily |publisher=ScienceDaily LLC}}</ref> takamaiman suna yana girmama Farfesa Zhao Xijin, wanda ya jagoranci manyan tafiye-tafiye masu yawa na paleontological zuwa Junggar Basin. ''Aorun zhaoi'' shine kawai jinsin da ke ƙarƙashin jinsin, wanda saboda haka yana da nau'i ɗaya. holotype, IVPP V15709, ya ƙunshi kwanyar, ƙananan jaws, ƙashin wuyan, ƙashin baya, ƙashin wutsiyar wutsiyar wutsiya guda uku, ƙashin hagu da hannu, ƙananan iyakar duka pubes da ƙananan ƙafafu biyu. A cikin kwanyar, hanyar da ta dace ta ƙunshi kusan cikakken zobe na scleral wanda ya ƙunshi ƙasusuwa masu haɗuwa. Hannun gracile na wannan samfurin, wanda ke da ƙanƙanta metacarpals III da IV ya fi kusanci da hannayen coelurosaurs da ba na tsuntsaye ba fiye da hannayen wasu basal theropods.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gishlick |first=A.D. |last2=Gauthier |first2=J.A. |date=2007 |title=On the manual morphology of Composognathus longipes and its bearing on the diagnosis of Compsognathidae |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=149 |issue=4 |pages=569–581 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00269.x}}</ref> An kiyasta cewa yawan hakora a cikin premaxilla shine hudu, a cikin maxilla goma sha biyu, kuma a cikin dentary tsakanin ashirin da biyar zuwa talatin. Matsayinta goma sha biyu na hakora ma suna nuna yanayin yara, tare da tsofaffin coelurosaurs yawanci suna da 15 ko fiye. Hanci suna da bambanci, saboda ba su da serrations (a cikin premaxillary da wasu hakora na hakora), ko kuma suna ɗauke da serration mai kyau (~ 10 / mm) kawai a kan carinae na nesa (hakora na maxillary da sauran hakora na haƙora). Marubutan sun lura, duk da haka, cewa bambancin da ke cikin hakora na iya wakiltar yanayin yara.<ref name="cho" /> === Girma da matakin ontogenetic === Misali, kamar yadda za'a iya yin hukunci daga Tsarin kwarangwal da ke akwai, yana wakiltar karamin mai farauta mai ƙafa biyu. Irin samfurin yaro ne kuma yana da kimanin 1 m (3.3 ft) tsawo, yana da nauyin kimanin 1.5 kilogram (3.3 lbs). <ref name="cho" /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Choiniere et al. (2013) sun lura cewa bisa ga nazarin histological na femur da tibia da sauran halaye na holotype, wannan samfurin na ''Aorun'' yana da shekara guda, kuma a bayyane yake ba perinate ba ne. Babban yanayin ''Aorun'' ba ya nuna abin da za a sa ran yanayin manya. === Abubuwan ganowa === Marubutan da ke bayyanawa sun kafa wasu halaye na bincike. A cikin bakin ciki don buɗewar kwanyar, ''fenestra antorbitalis'', a gaba akwai buɗewa ta biyu, ''fenestra maxillaris'', wanda ke mamaye yawancin ɓangaren gaba na wannan bakin ciki. Hanci a cikin maxilla kawai a gefen baya suna da denticles waɗanda suke da ƙananan gaske kuma suna jagorantar zuwa ga ma'anar hakora. Ƙashin wuyan suna da ɗanɗano opisthocoelous: tare da tsakiya waɗanda ke da ƙuƙwalwa a gaba da ƙuƙa a baya. Ƙuƙwalwar hannu ta bambanta da juna: yatsan yatsa babba ne kuma ya yi lankwasa, amma sauran yatsunsu biyu sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma suna da madaidaiciyar ƙasa. Shinbone yana da a gefen gaba na waje kawai mai zurfi wanda ke aiki azaman hulɗa tare da ɓangaren sama na astragalus. Wannan tsari yana hawa duk da haka, kodayake hakika an sanya shi a gefen waje, yana da ƙasa. Aorun ya bambanta da sauran hanyoyin da aka gano daga wannan yanki, kamar Guanlong, Haplocheirus, Limusaurus, Monolophosaurus, Sinraptor da Zuolong. Ya bambanta da Guanlong a rashin tsakiyar ƙirji a kan premaxilla, hanci da ƙasusuwan gaba. Hakanan ba shi da dogon hanci na waje, da kuma ɗan gajeren tsari na gaba na gaba. Yana da gajarta jiki na premaxillary, amma tare da babban fenestra na maxillary, jugal mai kama da sanda, ƙananan serrations masu faɗi a kan carinae na haƙori na maxilla da haƙori. Tsakiyar vertebra na mahaifa tana da tsayi da foramina guda biyu na pneumatic, kashin baya na jijiyoyi gajeru ne kuma tsayin su zuwa ga baya a cikin dorsal vertebrae, kuma shaft na pubic yana lanƙwasa a ƙarshe. Kasusuwan gaɓoɓi suma sun bambanta sosai.<ref name="cho" /> == Halitta == Marubutan da suka bayyana ''Aorun'' sun sanya shi a cikin matsayi na asali a cikin Coelurosauria kuma memba ne na Coeluridae . <ref name="cho" /> Aikin ''Aorun'' ga wannan matsayi ya kasance ne saboda rashin sinapomorphies wanda zai samar da shaidar alakarsa da ƙarin ƙwayoyin coelurosaurian. Tykoski (2005) da sauransu sun nuna cewa lokacin da ba su manyanta ba, kamar yadda lamarin yake tare da wannan samfurin, an tsara su a matsayin manya a cikin nazarin phylogenetic, an dawo da ba su da girma a cikin matsayi na wucin gadi na dangi na manya na wannan harajin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tykoski |first=R.S. |date=2005 |title=Anatomy, ontogeny, and phylogeny of coelophysoid theropods |url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=010b7cecd1fd220517527427ca5e1417805ebbb6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811022047/https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=010b7cecd1fd220517527427ca5e1417805ebbb6 |archive-date=2024-08-11 |access-date=2024-08-11 |publisher=University of Texas, Austin |type=PhD |oclc=62769519}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kammerer |first=C.F. |date=2010 |title=Systematics of the Anteosauria (Therapsida: Dinocephalia) |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=261–304 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2010.492645}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tsuihiji |first=T. W |last2=atabe |first2=M. |last3=Tsogtbaatar |first3=K. |last4=Tsubamoto |first4=T. |last5=Barsbold |first5=R. |last6=Suzuki |first6=S. |last7=Lee |first7=A.H. |last8=Ridgely |first8=R.C. |last9=Kawahara |first9=Y. |last10=Witmer |first10=L.M. |date=2011 |title=Cranial osteology of a juvenile specimen of Tarbosaurus bataar (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae) from the Nemegt formation (upper cretaceous) of Bugin Tsav, Mongolia |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=497–517 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.557116}}</ref> A cikin binciken su na ''Bannykus'' da ''Xiyunykus'', Xu et al. (2018) sun dawo da ''Aorun'' a matsayin alvarezsaur.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=Xing |last2=Choiniere |first2=Jonah |last3=Tan |first3=Qingwei |last4=Benson |first4=Roger B.J. |last5=Clark |first5=James |last6=Sullivan |first6=Corwin |last7=Zhao |first7=Qi |last8=Han |first8=Fenglu |last9=Ma |first9=Qingyu |last10=He |first10=Yiming |last11=Wang |first11=Shuo |last12=Xing |first12=Hai |last13=Tan |first13=Lin |date=2018 |title=Two Early Cretaceous fossils document transitional stages in alvarezsaurian dinosaur evolution |journal=Current Biology |volume=28 |issue=17 |pages=2853–60 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.057}}</ref> An yi tambaya game da wannan aikin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Agnolín |first=Federico L. |last2=Lu |first2=Jun-Chang |last3=Kundrát |first3=Martin |last4=Xu |first4=Li |date=2022-03-04 |title=Alvarezsaurid osteology: new data on cranial anatomy |journal=Historical Biology |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=443–452 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2021.1929203 |issn=0891-2963}}</ref> Binciken da Kohta Kubo da abokan aiki suka gudanar tare da bayanin su na jinsin ''Jaculinykus'' a cikin 2023 sun gano cewa yana daya daga cikin alvarezsaurs na basalmost, yana da ɗan ƙarami fiye da jinsin ''Haplocheirus'' na zamani. Ana iya ganin taƙaitaccen itacen da suka bayar a ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kubo |first=K. |last2=Kobayashi |first2=Y. |last3=Chinzorig |first3=T. |last4=Tsogtbaatar |first4=K. |date=2023 |title=A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur (Theropoda, Alvarezsauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia provides insights for bird-like sleeping behavior in non-avian dinosaurs |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=18 |issue=11 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0293801 |pmc=10651048 |pmid=37967055 |doi-access=free}}</ref>{{clade|{{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Therizinosauria]] [[File:Therizinosaurus Restoration.png|100px]] |2=[[Pennaraptora]] <div style="{{mirrorH}}">[[File:Meyers grosses Konversations-Lexikon - ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens (1908) (Antwerpener Breiftaube).jpg|40px]]</div> }} |label2=[[Alvarezsauria]] |2={{clade |1='''''Aorun''''' |label2=[[Alvarezsauroidea]] |2={{clade |1=''[[Haplocheirus]]'' [[File:Haplocherius sollers TIV 400.JPG|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''[[Tugulusaurus]]'' |2=''[[Xiyunykus]]'' }} |2={{clade |1=''[[Bannykus]]'' |2={{clade |1=''[[Bonapartenykus]]'' |2={{clade |1=''[[Patagonykus]]'' [[File:Patagonykuspuertai.jpg|110px]] |2={{clade |1=''[[Achillesaurus]]'' |2=[[Alvarezsauridae]] [[File:Alvarezsaurus calvoi (flipped).jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=[[Maniraptora]]}}Cau (2024) ya dawo da ''Aorun'' a matsayin memba na asali na superfamily Allosauroidea . <ref name="Cau2024" /> An nuna sauƙaƙeccen sigar cladogram a ƙasa. {{clade|{{clade |1=''[[Monolophosaurus]]''[[File:Monolophosaurus jiangi jmallon (flipped).jpg|100 px]] |2={{clade |1=[[Metriacanthosauridae]][[File:Yangchuanosaurus NT (flipped).jpg|120px]] |2={{clade |1=''[[Lourinhanosaurus]]'' |2=''Aorun'' |3={{clade |1=''[[Allosaurus]]''[[File:Allosaurus Revised.jpg|120px]] |2=[[Carcharodontosauridae]]<div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Carcharodontosaurus.png|120px]]</div> }} }} }} }}|style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%|label1=[[Allosauroidea]]}} == Ilimin halittu == === Tushen da kuma faruwar === An samo ragowar samfurin farko (type specimen) na '''Aorun zhaoi''' (mai lamba IVPP V15709) a yankin Wucaiwan, a sashin kasa na tsarin duwatsu na Shishugou, a kwamin Junggar da ke Xinjiang, kasar Sin. Kungiyar bincike ta IVPP-GWU ce ta tattara samfurin a shekarar 2006, daga wani nau'in dutsen siltstone mai launin ja da ruwan kasa wanda aka tabbatar ta hanyar gwajin zamani (radiometric dating) cewa ya samo asali ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 161.6 da suka gabata, a daidai iyakar lokutan Oxfordian da Callovian na zamanin Jurassic. Wannan bincike yana da matukar muhimmanci dangane da yanayin lokaci, kasancewar ana samun ragowar halittun coelurosaur na zamanin Jurassic da wuya. A halin yanzu, ana ajiye wannan samfurin a cikin tarin kayan tarihi na Cibiyar Nazarin Halittun Kashin Baya da Asalin Dan Adam (Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology) da ke birnin Beijing, kasar Sin.<ref name="cho" /> === Dabbobi da mazaunin === Yanayin paleoenvironment na Shishugou Formation yana da dumi amma yana da yanayin bushewar yanayi. Garin Wucaiwan na Shishugou Formation ya samar da ragowar sauran theropods, kamar su basal ceratosaur ''Limusaurus inextricabilis'', <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=X. |last2=Clark |first2=J.M. |last3=Mo |first3=J. |last4=Choiniere |first4=J. |last5=Forster |first5=C.A. |last6=Erickson |first6=G M. |last7=Hone |first7=D.W.E. |last8=Sullivan |first8=C. |last9=Eberth |first9=D.A. |last10=Nesbitt |first10=S. |last11=Zhao |first11=Q. |last12=Hernandez |first12=R. |last13=Jia |first13=C.-K. |last14=Han |first14=F.-l. |last15=Guo |first15=Y. |date=June 2009 |title=A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies |journal=Nature |volume=459 |issue=7249 |pages=940–4 |doi=10.1038/nature08124 |pmid=19536256}}</ref> basal coelurosaur ''Zuolong salleei'', <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Choiniere |first=J.N. |last2=Clark |first2=J.M. |last3=Forster |first3=C.A. |last4=Xing |first4=X. |date=2010a |title=A basal coelurosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) of the Shishugou Formation in Wucaiwan, People's Republic of China |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=1773–96 |bibcode=2010JVPal..30.1773C |doi=10.1080/02724634.2010.520779}}</ref> basal tyrannosauroid ''Guanlong wucaii'' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=X. |last2=Clark |first2=J.M. |last3=Forster |first3=C.A. |last4=Norell |first4=M.A. |last5=Erickson |first5=G.M. |last6=Eberth |first6=D.A. |last7=Jie |first7=C. |last8=Zhao |first8=Q. |date=February 2006 |title=A basal tyrannosauroid dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of China |journal=Nature |volume=439 |issue=7077 |pages=715–8 |doi=10.1038/nature04511 |pmid=16467836}}</ref> da basal alvarezsauroids Haplocheirus sollers da Shishugounykus <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Choiniere |first=J.N. |last2=Xu |first2=X. |last3=Clark |first3=J.M. |last4=Forster |first4=C.A. |last5=Guo |first5=Y. |last6=Han |first6=F. |date=January 2010 |title=A basal alvarezsauroid theropod from the early Late Jurassic of Xinjiang, China |journal=Science |volume=327 |issue=5965 |pages=571–4 |bibcode=2010Sci...327..571C |doi=10.1126/science.1182143 |pmid=20110503}}</ref> . Wadannan sauran theropods, duk da haka, an dawo dasu a cikin turɓaya da suka kasance Oxfordian a cikin shekaru. Wannan wadataccen paleofauna ya haɗa da pterosaurs kamar ''Sericipterus'', Ornithischians kamar ''Jiangjunosaurus'' da ''Yinlong'' da sauropods ''Bellusaurus'', ''Klamelisaurus'', ''Tienshanosaurus'' da ''Mamenchisaurus''. ''Aorun'' mai yiwuwa ne mai cin nama ga kananan [[Kadangare|lizards]] da dabbobi masu shayarwa.<ref name="Nosowitz">{{Cite web |last=Nosowitz D |date=3 May 2013 |title=New Dinosaur Species Found In China |url=http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-05/tiny-meat-eating-baby-dinosaur-found-china |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505105249/http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-05/tiny-meat-eating-baby-dinosaur-found-china |archive-date=2013-05-05 |access-date=2013-05-04 |website=POPSCI |publisher=Popular Science, A Bonnier Corporation Company}}</ref> ''Aorun'' shine theropod na bakwai, kuma mafi tsufa coelurosaur da aka sani daga Shishugou Formation, wanda ake la'akari da daya daga cikin mafi yawan phylogenetically da trophically bambance-bambance na tsakiya zuwa marigayi Jurassic theropod faunas.<ref name="cho" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9v6oosb5tgx8uwuc0uzfd83dv9638l0 967601 967600 2026-10-14T16:51:27Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 967601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Automatic taxobox|image=Aorun.png|taxon=Aorun|authority=Choiniere et al., [[2013 in paleontology|2013]]}} '''''Aorun''''' (pronunciationⓘ) wani nau'i ne na dinosaur Masu cin nama wanda aka fara ganowa a shekara ta 2006, tare da bayanin kimiyya da aka buga a shekara ta 2013.<ref name="cho">{{Cite journal |last=Choiniere J.N. |last2=Clark J.M. |last3=Forster C.M. |last4=Norella M.A. |last5=Eberth D.A. |last6=Erickson G.M. |last7=Chu H |last8=Xu X |year=2013 |title=A juvenile specimen of a new coelurosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Middle–Late Jurassic Shishugou Formation of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/migration/news-migration/files/Paper%20Journal%20of%20Systematic%20Palaentology%20Aorun%20zhaoi%20Choiniere%20et%20al%202013.pdf |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=177–215 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2013.781067 |s2cid=53538348 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111054900/https://www.wits.ac.za/media/migration/news-migration/files/Paper%20Journal%20of%20Systematic%20Palaentology%20Aorun%20zhaoi%20Choiniere%20et%20al%202013.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> Gabaɗaya ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin dinosaur na coelurosaurian kuma an kiyasta cewa sun rayu ~ shekaru miliyan 161.6 da suka gabata a [[Tarihin ilimin ƙasa da duwatsu|Lokacin]] Late Jurassic Period, kodayake wasu masu bincike suna ɗaukar shi Carnosaurian ne a maimakon haka.<ref name="Cau2024">{{Cite journal |last=Cau |first=Andrea |date=2024 |title=A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution |journal=Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.4435/BSPI.2024.08 |doi-broken-date=11 July 2025 |issn=0375-7633}}</ref> == Bincike da suna == [[File:Aorun_skull.jpg|left|thumb|Misali na kwanyar holotype (IVPP V15709) ]] James Clark, Ronald B. Weintraub Farfesa na ilmin halitta, ya gano burbushin da suka hada da kwanyar kai ke da hakora da yawa, a Sashen Kimiyya na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta GW tare da ɗalibinsa na digiri na lokacin Jonah Choiniere, tare da ƙungiyar masu bincike na duniya a wani yanki mai nisa na Xinjiang a China a shekara ta 2006. Da farko sun ga wani ɓangare na ƙashin kafa da aka fallasa a saman, kuma lokacin da suka haƙa shi, sun sami kwanyar a ƙarƙashin. Irin nau'in ''Aorun zhaoi'' an sanya masa suna kuma an bayyana shi a cikin 2013 ta hanyar Jonah Choiniere, James Clark, Catherine Forster, Mark Norell, [[David Eberth]], Gregory Erickson, [[Chuc Hongjun|Chu Hongjun]] da Xu Xing. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga Mandarin Sinanci kuma a zahiri gajeren sunan namiji ne na ''Ao Run'', wanda shine allahn almara na Sinanci, Dragon King of the West Sea a cikin ''Tafiya zuwa Yamma''.<ref name="cho" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=George Washington University |date=3 May 2013 |title=New dinosaur fossil discovered in China: Meat-eating dinosaur from late Jurassic period was less than a year old |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130503132723.htm |access-date=2013-05-04 |website=ScienceDaily |publisher=ScienceDaily LLC}}</ref> takamaiman suna yana girmama Farfesa Zhao Xijin, wanda ya jagoranci manyan tafiye-tafiye masu yawa na paleontological zuwa Junggar Basin. ''Aorun zhaoi'' shine kawai jinsin da ke ƙarƙashin jinsin, wanda saboda haka yana da nau'i ɗaya. holotype, IVPP V15709, ya ƙunshi kwanyar, ƙananan jaws, ƙashin wuyan, ƙashin baya, ƙashin wutsiyar wutsiyar wutsiya guda uku, ƙashin hagu da hannu, ƙananan iyakar duka pubes da ƙananan ƙafafu biyu. A cikin kwanyar, hanyar da ta dace ta ƙunshi kusan cikakken zobe na scleral wanda ya ƙunshi ƙasusuwa masu haɗuwa. Hannun gracile na wannan samfurin, wanda ke da ƙanƙanta metacarpals III da IV ya fi kusanci da hannayen coelurosaurs da ba na tsuntsaye ba fiye da hannayen wasu basal theropods.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gishlick |first=A.D. |last2=Gauthier |first2=J.A. |date=2007 |title=On the manual morphology of Composognathus longipes and its bearing on the diagnosis of Compsognathidae |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=149 |issue=4 |pages=569–581 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00269.x}}</ref> An kiyasta cewa yawan hakora a cikin premaxilla shine hudu, a cikin maxilla goma sha biyu, kuma a cikin dentary tsakanin ashirin da biyar zuwa talatin. Matsayinta goma sha biyu na hakora ma suna nuna yanayin yara, tare da tsofaffin coelurosaurs yawanci suna da 15 ko fiye. Hanci suna da bambanci, saboda ba su da serrations (a cikin premaxillary da wasu hakora na hakora), ko kuma suna ɗauke da serration mai kyau (~ 10 / mm) kawai a kan carinae na nesa (hakora na maxillary da sauran hakora na haƙora). Marubutan sun lura, duk da haka, cewa bambancin da ke cikin hakora na iya wakiltar yanayin yara.<ref name="cho" /> === Girma da matakin ontogenetic === Misali, kamar yadda za'a iya yin hukunci daga Tsarin kwarangwal da ke akwai, yana wakiltar karamin mai farauta mai ƙafa biyu. Irin samfurin yaro ne kuma yana da kimanin 1 m (3.3 ft) tsawo, yana da nauyin kimanin 1.5 kilogram (3.3 lbs). <ref name="cho" /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Choiniere et al. (2013) sun lura cewa bisa ga nazarin histological na femur da tibia da sauran halaye na holotype, wannan samfurin na ''Aorun'' yana da shekara guda, kuma a bayyane yake ba perinate ba ne. Babban yanayin ''Aorun'' ba ya nuna abin da za a sa ran yanayin manya. === Abubuwan ganowa === Marubutan da ke bayyanawa sun kafa wasu halaye na bincike. A cikin bakin ciki don buɗewar kwanyar, ''fenestra antorbitalis'', a gaba akwai buɗewa ta biyu, ''fenestra maxillaris'', wanda ke mamaye yawancin ɓangaren gaba na wannan bakin ciki. Hanci a cikin maxilla kawai a gefen baya suna da denticles waɗanda suke da ƙananan gaske kuma suna jagorantar zuwa ga ma'anar hakora. Ƙashin wuyan suna da ɗanɗano opisthocoelous: tare da tsakiya waɗanda ke da ƙuƙwalwa a gaba da ƙuƙa a baya. Ƙuƙwalwar hannu ta bambanta da juna: yatsan yatsa babba ne kuma ya yi lankwasa, amma sauran yatsunsu biyu sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma suna da madaidaiciyar ƙasa. Shinbone yana da a gefen gaba na waje kawai mai zurfi wanda ke aiki azaman hulɗa tare da ɓangaren sama na astragalus. Wannan tsari yana hawa duk da haka, kodayake hakika an sanya shi a gefen waje, yana da ƙasa. Aorun ya bambanta da sauran hanyoyin da aka gano daga wannan yanki, kamar Guanlong, Haplocheirus, Limusaurus, Monolophosaurus, Sinraptor da Zuolong. Ya bambanta da Guanlong a rashin tsakiyar ƙirji a kan premaxilla, hanci da ƙasusuwan gaba. Hakanan ba shi da dogon hanci na waje, da kuma ɗan gajeren tsari na gaba na gaba. Yana da gajarta jiki na premaxillary, amma tare da babban fenestra na maxillary, jugal mai kama da sanda, ƙananan serrations masu faɗi a kan carinae na haƙori na maxilla da haƙori. Tsakiyar vertebra na mahaifa tana da tsayi da foramina guda biyu na pneumatic, kashin baya na jijiyoyi gajeru ne kuma tsayin su zuwa ga baya a cikin dorsal vertebrae, kuma shaft na pubic yana lanƙwasa a ƙarshe. Kasusuwan gaɓoɓi suma sun bambanta sosai.<ref name="cho" /> == Halitta == Marubutan da suka bayyana ''Aorun'' sun sanya shi a cikin matsayi na asali a cikin Coelurosauria kuma memba ne na Coeluridae . <ref name="cho" /> Aikin ''Aorun'' ga wannan matsayi ya kasance ne saboda rashin sinapomorphies wanda zai samar da shaidar alakarsa da ƙarin ƙwayoyin coelurosaurian. Tykoski (2005) da sauransu sun nuna cewa lokacin da ba su manyanta ba, kamar yadda lamarin yake tare da wannan samfurin, an tsara su a matsayin manya a cikin nazarin phylogenetic, an dawo da ba su da girma a cikin matsayi na wucin gadi na dangi na manya na wannan harajin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tykoski |first=R.S. |date=2005 |title=Anatomy, ontogeny, and phylogeny of coelophysoid theropods |url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=010b7cecd1fd220517527427ca5e1417805ebbb6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811022047/https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=010b7cecd1fd220517527427ca5e1417805ebbb6 |archive-date=2024-08-11 |access-date=2024-08-11 |publisher=University of Texas, Austin |type=PhD |oclc=62769519}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kammerer |first=C.F. |date=2010 |title=Systematics of the Anteosauria (Therapsida: Dinocephalia) |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=261–304 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2010.492645}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tsuihiji |first=T. W |last2=atabe |first2=M. |last3=Tsogtbaatar |first3=K. |last4=Tsubamoto |first4=T. |last5=Barsbold |first5=R. |last6=Suzuki |first6=S. |last7=Lee |first7=A.H. |last8=Ridgely |first8=R.C. |last9=Kawahara |first9=Y. |last10=Witmer |first10=L.M. |date=2011 |title=Cranial osteology of a juvenile specimen of Tarbosaurus bataar (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae) from the Nemegt formation (upper cretaceous) of Bugin Tsav, Mongolia |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=497–517 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.557116}}</ref> A cikin binciken su na ''Bannykus'' da ''Xiyunykus'', Xu et al. (2018) sun dawo da ''Aorun'' a matsayin alvarezsaur.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=Xing |last2=Choiniere |first2=Jonah |last3=Tan |first3=Qingwei |last4=Benson |first4=Roger B.J. |last5=Clark |first5=James |last6=Sullivan |first6=Corwin |last7=Zhao |first7=Qi |last8=Han |first8=Fenglu |last9=Ma |first9=Qingyu |last10=He |first10=Yiming |last11=Wang |first11=Shuo |last12=Xing |first12=Hai |last13=Tan |first13=Lin |date=2018 |title=Two Early Cretaceous fossils document transitional stages in alvarezsaurian dinosaur evolution |journal=Current Biology |volume=28 |issue=17 |pages=2853–60 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.057}}</ref> An yi tambaya game da wannan aikin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Agnolín |first=Federico L. |last2=Lu |first2=Jun-Chang |last3=Kundrát |first3=Martin |last4=Xu |first4=Li |date=2022-03-04 |title=Alvarezsaurid osteology: new data on cranial anatomy |journal=Historical Biology |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=443–452 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2021.1929203 |issn=0891-2963}}</ref> Binciken da Kohta Kubo da abokan aiki suka gudanar tare da bayanin su na jinsin ''Jaculinykus'' a cikin 2023 sun gano cewa yana daya daga cikin alvarezsaurs na basalmost, yana da ɗan ƙarami fiye da jinsin ''Haplocheirus'' na zamani. Ana iya ganin taƙaitaccen itacen da suka bayar a ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kubo |first=K. |last2=Kobayashi |first2=Y. |last3=Chinzorig |first3=T. |last4=Tsogtbaatar |first4=K. |date=2023 |title=A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur (Theropoda, Alvarezsauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia provides insights for bird-like sleeping behavior in non-avian dinosaurs |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=18 |issue=11 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0293801 |pmc=10651048 |pmid=37967055 |doi-access=free}}</ref>{{clade|{{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Therizinosauria]] [[File:Therizinosaurus Restoration.png|100px]] |2=[[Pennaraptora]] <div style="{{mirrorH}}">[[File:Meyers grosses Konversations-Lexikon - ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens (1908) (Antwerpener Breiftaube).jpg|40px]]</div> }} |label2=[[Alvarezsauria]] |2={{clade |1='''''Aorun''''' |label2=[[Alvarezsauroidea]] |2={{clade |1=''[[Haplocheirus]]'' [[File:Haplocherius sollers TIV 400.JPG|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''[[Tugulusaurus]]'' |2=''[[Xiyunykus]]'' }} |2={{clade |1=''[[Bannykus]]'' |2={{clade |1=''[[Bonapartenykus]]'' |2={{clade |1=''[[Patagonykus]]'' [[File:Patagonykuspuertai.jpg|110px]] |2={{clade |1=''[[Achillesaurus]]'' |2=[[Alvarezsauridae]] [[File:Alvarezsaurus calvoi (flipped).jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=[[Maniraptora]]}}Cau (2024) ya dawo da ''Aorun'' a matsayin memba na asali na superfamily Allosauroidea . <ref name="Cau2024" /> An nuna sauƙaƙeccen sigar cladogram a ƙasa. {{clade|{{clade |1=''[[Monolophosaurus]]''[[File:Monolophosaurus jiangi jmallon (flipped).jpg|100 px]] |2={{clade |1=[[Metriacanthosauridae]][[File:Yangchuanosaurus NT (flipped).jpg|120px]] |2={{clade |1=''[[Lourinhanosaurus]]'' |2=''Aorun'' |3={{clade |1=''[[Allosaurus]]''[[File:Allosaurus Revised.jpg|120px]] |2=[[Carcharodontosauridae]]<div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Carcharodontosaurus.png|120px]]</div> }} }} }} }}|style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%|label1=[[Allosauroidea]]}} == Ilimin halittu == === Tushen da kuma faruwar === An samo ragowar samfurin farko (type specimen) na '''Aorun zhaoi''' (mai lamba IVPP V15709) a yankin Wucaiwan, a sashin kasa na tsarin duwatsu na Shishugou, a kwamin Junggar da ke Xinjiang, kasar Sin. Kungiyar bincike ta IVPP-GWU ce ta tattara samfurin a shekarar 2006, daga wani nau'in dutsen siltstone mai launin ja da ruwan kasa wanda aka tabbatar ta hanyar gwajin zamani (radiometric dating) cewa ya samo asali ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 161.6 da suka gabata, a daidai iyakar lokutan Oxfordian da Callovian na zamanin Jurassic. Wannan bincike yana da matukar muhimmanci dangane da yanayin lokaci, kasancewar ana samun ragowar halittun coelurosaur na zamanin Jurassic da wuya. A halin yanzu, ana ajiye wannan samfurin a cikin tarin kayan tarihi na Cibiyar Nazarin Halittun Kashin Baya da Asalin Dan Adam (Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology) da ke birnin Beijing, kasar Sin.<ref name="cho" /> === Dabbobi da mazaunin === Yanayin paleoenvironment na Shishugou Formation yana da dumi amma yana da yanayin bushewar yanayi. Garin Wucaiwan na Shishugou Formation ya samar da ragowar sauran theropods, kamar su basal ceratosaur ''Limusaurus inextricabilis'', <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=X. |last2=Clark |first2=J.M. |last3=Mo |first3=J. |last4=Choiniere |first4=J. |last5=Forster |first5=C.A. |last6=Erickson |first6=G M. |last7=Hone |first7=D.W.E. |last8=Sullivan |first8=C. |last9=Eberth |first9=D.A. |last10=Nesbitt |first10=S. |last11=Zhao |first11=Q. |last12=Hernandez |first12=R. |last13=Jia |first13=C.-K. |last14=Han |first14=F.-l. |last15=Guo |first15=Y. |date=June 2009 |title=A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies |journal=Nature |volume=459 |issue=7249 |pages=940–4 |doi=10.1038/nature08124 |pmid=19536256}}</ref> basal coelurosaur ''Zuolong salleei'', <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Choiniere |first=J.N. |last2=Clark |first2=J.M. |last3=Forster |first3=C.A. |last4=Xing |first4=X. |date=2010a |title=A basal coelurosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) of the Shishugou Formation in Wucaiwan, People's Republic of China |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=1773–96 |bibcode=2010JVPal..30.1773C |doi=10.1080/02724634.2010.520779}}</ref> basal tyrannosauroid ''Guanlong wucaii'' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=X. |last2=Clark |first2=J.M. |last3=Forster |first3=C.A. |last4=Norell |first4=M.A. |last5=Erickson |first5=G.M. |last6=Eberth |first6=D.A. |last7=Jie |first7=C. |last8=Zhao |first8=Q. |date=February 2006 |title=A basal tyrannosauroid dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of China |journal=Nature |volume=439 |issue=7077 |pages=715–8 |doi=10.1038/nature04511 |pmid=16467836}}</ref> da basal alvarezsauroids Haplocheirus sollers da Shishugounykus <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Choiniere |first=J.N. |last2=Xu |first2=X. |last3=Clark |first3=J.M. |last4=Forster |first4=C.A. |last5=Guo |first5=Y. |last6=Han |first6=F. |date=January 2010 |title=A basal alvarezsauroid theropod from the early Late Jurassic of Xinjiang, China |journal=Science |volume=327 |issue=5965 |pages=571–4 |bibcode=2010Sci...327..571C |doi=10.1126/science.1182143 |pmid=20110503}}</ref> . Wadannan sauran theropods, duk da haka, an dawo dasu a cikin turɓaya da suka kasance Oxfordian a cikin shekaru. Wannan wadataccen paleofauna ya haɗa da pterosaurs kamar ''Sericipterus'', Ornithischians kamar ''Jiangjunosaurus'' da ''Yinlong'' da sauropods ''Bellusaurus'', ''Klamelisaurus'', ''Tienshanosaurus'' da ''Mamenchisaurus''. ''Aorun'' mai yiwuwa ne mai cin nama ga kananan [[Kadangare|lizards]] da dabbobi masu shayarwa.<ref name="Nosowitz">{{Cite web |last=Nosowitz D |date=3 May 2013 |title=New Dinosaur Species Found In China |url=http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-05/tiny-meat-eating-baby-dinosaur-found-china |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505105249/http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-05/tiny-meat-eating-baby-dinosaur-found-china |archive-date=2013-05-05 |access-date=2013-05-04 |website=POPSCI |publisher=Popular Science, A Bonnier Corporation Company}}</ref> ''Aorun'' shine theropod na bakwai, kuma mafi tsufa coelurosaur da aka sani daga Shishugou Formation, wanda ake la'akari da daya daga cikin mafi yawan phylogenetically da trophically bambance-bambance na tsakiya zuwa marigayi Jurassic theropod faunas.<ref name="cho" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1fthtsjr4s7i9flgyf9dfxzyqglxbpk 967602 967601 2026-10-14T16:52:02Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 967602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox|image=Aorun.png|taxon=Aorun|authority=Choiniere et al., [[2013 in paleontology|2013]]}} '''''Aorun''''' (pronunciationⓘ) wani nau'i ne na dinosaur Masu cin nama wanda aka fara ganowa a shekara ta 2006, tare da bayanin kimiyya da aka buga a shekara ta 2013.<ref name="cho">{{Cite journal |last=Choiniere J.N. |last2=Clark J.M. |last3=Forster C.M. |last4=Norella M.A. |last5=Eberth D.A. |last6=Erickson G.M. |last7=Chu H |last8=Xu X |year=2013 |title=A juvenile specimen of a new coelurosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Middle–Late Jurassic Shishugou Formation of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/migration/news-migration/files/Paper%20Journal%20of%20Systematic%20Palaentology%20Aorun%20zhaoi%20Choiniere%20et%20al%202013.pdf |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=177–215 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2013.781067 |s2cid=53538348 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111054900/https://www.wits.ac.za/media/migration/news-migration/files/Paper%20Journal%20of%20Systematic%20Palaentology%20Aorun%20zhaoi%20Choiniere%20et%20al%202013.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> Gabaɗaya ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin dinosaur na coelurosaurian kuma an kiyasta cewa sun rayu ~ shekaru miliyan 161.6 da suka gabata a [[Tarihin ilimin ƙasa da duwatsu|Lokacin]] Late Jurassic Period, kodayake wasu masu bincike suna ɗaukar shi Carnosaurian ne a maimakon haka.<ref name="Cau2024">{{Cite journal |last=Cau |first=Andrea |date=2024 |title=A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution |journal=Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.4435/BSPI.2024.08 |doi-broken-date=11 July 2025 |issn=0375-7633}}</ref> == Bincike da suna == [[File:Aorun_skull.jpg|left|thumb|Misali na kwanyar holotype (IVPP V15709) ]] James Clark, Ronald B. Weintraub Farfesa na ilmin halitta, ya gano burbushin da suka hada da kwanyar kai ke da hakora da yawa, a Sashen Kimiyya na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta GW tare da ɗalibinsa na digiri na lokacin Jonah Choiniere, tare da ƙungiyar masu bincike na duniya a wani yanki mai nisa na Xinjiang a China a shekara ta 2006. Da farko sun ga wani ɓangare na ƙashin kafa da aka fallasa a saman, kuma lokacin da suka haƙa shi, sun sami kwanyar a ƙarƙashin. Irin nau'in ''Aorun zhaoi'' an sanya masa suna kuma an bayyana shi a cikin 2013 ta hanyar Jonah Choiniere, James Clark, Catherine Forster, Mark Norell, [[David Eberth]], Gregory Erickson, [[Chuc Hongjun|Chu Hongjun]] da Xu Xing. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga Mandarin Sinanci kuma a zahiri gajeren sunan namiji ne na ''Ao Run'', wanda shine allahn almara na Sinanci, Dragon King of the West Sea a cikin ''Tafiya zuwa Yamma''.<ref name="cho" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=George Washington University |date=3 May 2013 |title=New dinosaur fossil discovered in China: Meat-eating dinosaur from late Jurassic period was less than a year old |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130503132723.htm |access-date=2013-05-04 |website=ScienceDaily |publisher=ScienceDaily LLC}}</ref> takamaiman suna yana girmama Farfesa Zhao Xijin, wanda ya jagoranci manyan tafiye-tafiye masu yawa na paleontological zuwa Junggar Basin. ''Aorun zhaoi'' shine kawai jinsin da ke ƙarƙashin jinsin, wanda saboda haka yana da nau'i ɗaya. holotype, IVPP V15709, ya ƙunshi kwanyar, ƙananan jaws, ƙashin wuyan, ƙashin baya, ƙashin wutsiyar wutsiyar wutsiya guda uku, ƙashin hagu da hannu, ƙananan iyakar duka pubes da ƙananan ƙafafu biyu. A cikin kwanyar, hanyar da ta dace ta ƙunshi kusan cikakken zobe na scleral wanda ya ƙunshi ƙasusuwa masu haɗuwa. Hannun gracile na wannan samfurin, wanda ke da ƙanƙanta metacarpals III da IV ya fi kusanci da hannayen coelurosaurs da ba na tsuntsaye ba fiye da hannayen wasu basal theropods.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gishlick |first=A.D. |last2=Gauthier |first2=J.A. |date=2007 |title=On the manual morphology of Composognathus longipes and its bearing on the diagnosis of Compsognathidae |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=149 |issue=4 |pages=569–581 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00269.x}}</ref> An kiyasta cewa yawan hakora a cikin premaxilla shine hudu, a cikin maxilla goma sha biyu, kuma a cikin dentary tsakanin ashirin da biyar zuwa talatin. Matsayinta goma sha biyu na hakora ma suna nuna yanayin yara, tare da tsofaffin coelurosaurs yawanci suna da 15 ko fiye. Hanci suna da bambanci, saboda ba su da serrations (a cikin premaxillary da wasu hakora na hakora), ko kuma suna ɗauke da serration mai kyau (~ 10 / mm) kawai a kan carinae na nesa (hakora na maxillary da sauran hakora na haƙora). Marubutan sun lura, duk da haka, cewa bambancin da ke cikin hakora na iya wakiltar yanayin yara.<ref name="cho" /> === Girma da matakin ontogenetic === Misali, kamar yadda za'a iya yin hukunci daga Tsarin kwarangwal da ke akwai, yana wakiltar karamin mai farauta mai ƙafa biyu. Irin samfurin yaro ne kuma yana da kimanin 1 m (3.3 ft) tsawo, yana da nauyin kimanin 1.5 kilogram (3.3 lbs). <ref name="cho" /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Choiniere et al. (2013) sun lura cewa bisa ga nazarin histological na femur da tibia da sauran halaye na holotype, wannan samfurin na ''Aorun'' yana da shekara guda, kuma a bayyane yake ba perinate ba ne. Babban yanayin ''Aorun'' ba ya nuna abin da za a sa ran yanayin manya. === Abubuwan ganowa === Marubutan da ke bayyanawa sun kafa wasu halaye na bincike. A cikin bakin ciki don buɗewar kwanyar, ''fenestra antorbitalis'', a gaba akwai buɗewa ta biyu, ''fenestra maxillaris'', wanda ke mamaye yawancin ɓangaren gaba na wannan bakin ciki. Hanci a cikin maxilla kawai a gefen baya suna da denticles waɗanda suke da ƙananan gaske kuma suna jagorantar zuwa ga ma'anar hakora. Ƙashin wuyan suna da ɗanɗano opisthocoelous: tare da tsakiya waɗanda ke da ƙuƙwalwa a gaba da ƙuƙa a baya. Ƙuƙwalwar hannu ta bambanta da juna: yatsan yatsa babba ne kuma ya yi lankwasa, amma sauran yatsunsu biyu sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma suna da madaidaiciyar ƙasa. Shinbone yana da a gefen gaba na waje kawai mai zurfi wanda ke aiki azaman hulɗa tare da ɓangaren sama na astragalus. Wannan tsari yana hawa duk da haka, kodayake hakika an sanya shi a gefen waje, yana da ƙasa. Aorun ya bambanta da sauran hanyoyin da aka gano daga wannan yanki, kamar Guanlong, Haplocheirus, Limusaurus, Monolophosaurus, Sinraptor da Zuolong. Ya bambanta da Guanlong a rashin tsakiyar ƙirji a kan premaxilla, hanci da ƙasusuwan gaba. Hakanan ba shi da dogon hanci na waje, da kuma ɗan gajeren tsari na gaba na gaba. Yana da gajarta jiki na premaxillary, amma tare da babban fenestra na maxillary, jugal mai kama da sanda, ƙananan serrations masu faɗi a kan carinae na haƙori na maxilla da haƙori. Tsakiyar vertebra na mahaifa tana da tsayi da foramina guda biyu na pneumatic, kashin baya na jijiyoyi gajeru ne kuma tsayin su zuwa ga baya a cikin dorsal vertebrae, kuma shaft na pubic yana lanƙwasa a ƙarshe. Kasusuwan gaɓoɓi suma sun bambanta sosai.<ref name="cho" /> == Halitta == Marubutan da suka bayyana ''Aorun'' sun sanya shi a cikin matsayi na asali a cikin Coelurosauria kuma memba ne na Coeluridae . <ref name="cho" /> Aikin ''Aorun'' ga wannan matsayi ya kasance ne saboda rashin sinapomorphies wanda zai samar da shaidar alakarsa da ƙarin ƙwayoyin coelurosaurian. Tykoski (2005) da sauransu sun nuna cewa lokacin da ba su manyanta ba, kamar yadda lamarin yake tare da wannan samfurin, an tsara su a matsayin manya a cikin nazarin phylogenetic, an dawo da ba su da girma a cikin matsayi na wucin gadi na dangi na manya na wannan harajin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tykoski |first=R.S. |date=2005 |title=Anatomy, ontogeny, and phylogeny of coelophysoid theropods |url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=010b7cecd1fd220517527427ca5e1417805ebbb6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811022047/https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=010b7cecd1fd220517527427ca5e1417805ebbb6 |archive-date=2024-08-11 |access-date=2024-08-11 |publisher=University of Texas, Austin |type=PhD |oclc=62769519}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kammerer |first=C.F. |date=2010 |title=Systematics of the Anteosauria (Therapsida: Dinocephalia) |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=261–304 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2010.492645}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tsuihiji |first=T. W |last2=atabe |first2=M. |last3=Tsogtbaatar |first3=K. |last4=Tsubamoto |first4=T. |last5=Barsbold |first5=R. |last6=Suzuki |first6=S. |last7=Lee |first7=A.H. |last8=Ridgely |first8=R.C. |last9=Kawahara |first9=Y. |last10=Witmer |first10=L.M. |date=2011 |title=Cranial osteology of a juvenile specimen of Tarbosaurus bataar (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae) from the Nemegt formation (upper cretaceous) of Bugin Tsav, Mongolia |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=497–517 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.557116}}</ref> A cikin binciken su na ''Bannykus'' da ''Xiyunykus'', Xu et al. (2018) sun dawo da ''Aorun'' a matsayin alvarezsaur.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=Xing |last2=Choiniere |first2=Jonah |last3=Tan |first3=Qingwei |last4=Benson |first4=Roger B.J. |last5=Clark |first5=James |last6=Sullivan |first6=Corwin |last7=Zhao |first7=Qi |last8=Han |first8=Fenglu |last9=Ma |first9=Qingyu |last10=He |first10=Yiming |last11=Wang |first11=Shuo |last12=Xing |first12=Hai |last13=Tan |first13=Lin |date=2018 |title=Two Early Cretaceous fossils document transitional stages in alvarezsaurian dinosaur evolution |journal=Current Biology |volume=28 |issue=17 |pages=2853–60 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.057}}</ref> An yi tambaya game da wannan aikin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Agnolín |first=Federico L. |last2=Lu |first2=Jun-Chang |last3=Kundrát |first3=Martin |last4=Xu |first4=Li |date=2022-03-04 |title=Alvarezsaurid osteology: new data on cranial anatomy |journal=Historical Biology |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=443–452 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2021.1929203 |issn=0891-2963}}</ref> Binciken da Kohta Kubo da abokan aiki suka gudanar tare da bayanin su na jinsin ''Jaculinykus'' a cikin 2023 sun gano cewa yana daya daga cikin alvarezsaurs na basalmost, yana da ɗan ƙarami fiye da jinsin ''Haplocheirus'' na zamani. Ana iya ganin taƙaitaccen itacen da suka bayar a ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kubo |first=K. |last2=Kobayashi |first2=Y. |last3=Chinzorig |first3=T. |last4=Tsogtbaatar |first4=K. |date=2023 |title=A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur (Theropoda, Alvarezsauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia provides insights for bird-like sleeping behavior in non-avian dinosaurs |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=18 |issue=11 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0293801 |pmc=10651048 |pmid=37967055 |doi-access=free}}</ref>{{clade|{{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Therizinosauria]] [[File:Therizinosaurus Restoration.png|100px]] |2=[[Pennaraptora]] <div style="{{mirrorH}}">[[File:Meyers grosses Konversations-Lexikon - ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens (1908) (Antwerpener Breiftaube).jpg|40px]]</div> }} |label2=[[Alvarezsauria]] |2={{clade |1='''''Aorun''''' |label2=[[Alvarezsauroidea]] |2={{clade |1=''[[Haplocheirus]]'' [[File:Haplocherius sollers TIV 400.JPG|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''[[Tugulusaurus]]'' |2=''[[Xiyunykus]]'' }} |2={{clade |1=''[[Bannykus]]'' |2={{clade |1=''[[Bonapartenykus]]'' |2={{clade |1=''[[Patagonykus]]'' [[File:Patagonykuspuertai.jpg|110px]] |2={{clade |1=''[[Achillesaurus]]'' |2=[[Alvarezsauridae]] [[File:Alvarezsaurus calvoi (flipped).jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=[[Maniraptora]]}}Cau (2024) ya dawo da ''Aorun'' a matsayin memba na asali na superfamily Allosauroidea . <ref name="Cau2024" /> An nuna sauƙaƙeccen sigar cladogram a ƙasa. {{clade|{{clade |1=''[[Monolophosaurus]]''[[File:Monolophosaurus jiangi jmallon (flipped).jpg|100 px]] |2={{clade |1=[[Metriacanthosauridae]][[File:Yangchuanosaurus NT (flipped).jpg|120px]] |2={{clade |1=''[[Lourinhanosaurus]]'' |2=''Aorun'' |3={{clade |1=''[[Allosaurus]]''[[File:Allosaurus Revised.jpg|120px]] |2=[[Carcharodontosauridae]]<div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Carcharodontosaurus.png|120px]]</div> }} }} }} }}|style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%|label1=[[Allosauroidea]]}} == Ilimin halittu == === Tushen da kuma faruwar === An samo ragowar samfurin farko (type specimen) na '''Aorun zhaoi''' (mai lamba IVPP V15709) a yankin Wucaiwan, a sashin kasa na tsarin duwatsu na Shishugou, a kwamin Junggar da ke Xinjiang, kasar Sin. Kungiyar bincike ta IVPP-GWU ce ta tattara samfurin a shekarar 2006, daga wani nau'in dutsen siltstone mai launin ja da ruwan kasa wanda aka tabbatar ta hanyar gwajin zamani (radiometric dating) cewa ya samo asali ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 161.6 da suka gabata, a daidai iyakar lokutan Oxfordian da Callovian na zamanin Jurassic. Wannan bincike yana da matukar muhimmanci dangane da yanayin lokaci, kasancewar ana samun ragowar halittun coelurosaur na zamanin Jurassic da wuya. A halin yanzu, ana ajiye wannan samfurin a cikin tarin kayan tarihi na Cibiyar Nazarin Halittun Kashin Baya da Asalin Dan Adam (Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology) da ke birnin Beijing, kasar Sin.<ref name="cho" /> === Dabbobi da mazaunin === Yanayin paleoenvironment na Shishugou Formation yana da dumi amma yana da yanayin bushewar yanayi. Garin Wucaiwan na Shishugou Formation ya samar da ragowar sauran theropods, kamar su basal ceratosaur ''Limusaurus inextricabilis'', <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=X. |last2=Clark |first2=J.M. |last3=Mo |first3=J. |last4=Choiniere |first4=J. |last5=Forster |first5=C.A. |last6=Erickson |first6=G M. |last7=Hone |first7=D.W.E. |last8=Sullivan |first8=C. |last9=Eberth |first9=D.A. |last10=Nesbitt |first10=S. |last11=Zhao |first11=Q. |last12=Hernandez |first12=R. |last13=Jia |first13=C.-K. |last14=Han |first14=F.-l. |last15=Guo |first15=Y. |date=June 2009 |title=A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies |journal=Nature |volume=459 |issue=7249 |pages=940–4 |doi=10.1038/nature08124 |pmid=19536256}}</ref> basal coelurosaur ''Zuolong salleei'', <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Choiniere |first=J.N. |last2=Clark |first2=J.M. |last3=Forster |first3=C.A. |last4=Xing |first4=X. |date=2010a |title=A basal coelurosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) of the Shishugou Formation in Wucaiwan, People's Republic of China |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=1773–96 |bibcode=2010JVPal..30.1773C |doi=10.1080/02724634.2010.520779}}</ref> basal tyrannosauroid ''Guanlong wucaii'' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=X. |last2=Clark |first2=J.M. |last3=Forster |first3=C.A. |last4=Norell |first4=M.A. |last5=Erickson |first5=G.M. |last6=Eberth |first6=D.A. |last7=Jie |first7=C. |last8=Zhao |first8=Q. |date=February 2006 |title=A basal tyrannosauroid dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of China |journal=Nature |volume=439 |issue=7077 |pages=715–8 |doi=10.1038/nature04511 |pmid=16467836}}</ref> da basal alvarezsauroids Haplocheirus sollers da Shishugounykus <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Choiniere |first=J.N. |last2=Xu |first2=X. |last3=Clark |first3=J.M. |last4=Forster |first4=C.A. |last5=Guo |first5=Y. |last6=Han |first6=F. |date=January 2010 |title=A basal alvarezsauroid theropod from the early Late Jurassic of Xinjiang, China |journal=Science |volume=327 |issue=5965 |pages=571–4 |bibcode=2010Sci...327..571C |doi=10.1126/science.1182143 |pmid=20110503}}</ref> . Wadannan sauran theropods, duk da haka, an dawo dasu a cikin turɓaya da suka kasance Oxfordian a cikin shekaru. Wannan wadataccen paleofauna ya haɗa da pterosaurs kamar ''Sericipterus'', Ornithischians kamar ''Jiangjunosaurus'' da ''Yinlong'' da sauropods ''Bellusaurus'', ''Klamelisaurus'', ''Tienshanosaurus'' da ''Mamenchisaurus''. ''Aorun'' mai yiwuwa ne mai cin nama ga kananan [[Kadangare|lizards]] da dabbobi masu shayarwa.<ref name="Nosowitz">{{Cite web |last=Nosowitz D |date=3 May 2013 |title=New Dinosaur Species Found In China |url=http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-05/tiny-meat-eating-baby-dinosaur-found-china |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505105249/http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-05/tiny-meat-eating-baby-dinosaur-found-china |archive-date=2013-05-05 |access-date=2013-05-04 |website=POPSCI |publisher=Popular Science, A Bonnier Corporation Company}}</ref> ''Aorun'' shine theropod na bakwai, kuma mafi tsufa coelurosaur da aka sani daga Shishugou Formation, wanda ake la'akari da daya daga cikin mafi yawan phylogenetically da trophically bambance-bambance na tsakiya zuwa marigayi Jurassic theropod faunas.<ref name="cho" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9v6oosb5tgx8uwuc0uzfd83dv9638l0 Fran González (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi a shekara ta 2005) 0 179241 967603 2026-10-14T18:13:13Z Galadanchi123 50022 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376301690|Fran González (footballer, born 2005)]]" 967603 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma Real Madrid bayan wani lokaci a cikin National League tare da kungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta Leonesa. [1] Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a karkashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a karkashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti.[2][3] A watan Yulin 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na Real Madrid a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 85o080f4q8dsure8lbndvah7e2c81gr 967604 967603 2026-10-14T18:17:24Z Galadanchi123 50022 967604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma Real Madrid bayan wani lokaci a cikin National League tare da kungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta Leonesa. [1] Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a karkashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a karkashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti.[2][3] A watan Yulin 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na Real Madrid a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] pkjwfgl63bv8vo587j2op4xkqtvel5x 967605 967604 2026-10-14T18:19:14Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Real Madrid */ 967605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma Real Madrid bayan wani lokaci a cikin National League tare da kungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta Leonesa. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a karkashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a karkashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti.[2][3] A watan Yulin 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na Real Madrid a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2zapw9wsrpm77tnyyjmhvag1wgwgfez 967606 967605 2026-10-14T18:20:03Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Real Madrid */ 967606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma Real Madrid bayan wani lokaci a cikin National League tare da kungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta Leonesa. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a karkashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a karkashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na Real Madrid a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hcasfg58espxls5fw1vfxxmjhl0oxg7 967607 967606 2026-10-14T18:21:40Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Real Madrid */ 967607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma Real Madrid bayan wani lokaci a cikin National League tare da kungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta Leonesa. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a karkashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a karkashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na Real Madrid a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar shekarar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] n01k5h5a4kf686aolvpa0uwkak8neh8 967609 967607 2026-10-14T18:24:52Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Real Madrid */ 967609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma Real Madrid bayan wani lokaci a cikin National League tare da kungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta Leonesa. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a karkashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a karkashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin shekara 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na Real Madrid a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar shekarar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ortahwbw9vuo6sweoexk5rujbmkjq2u 967610 967609 2026-10-14T18:25:11Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Real Madrid */ 967610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma Real Madrid bayan wani lokaci a cikin National League tare da kungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta Leonesa. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a karkashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a karkashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na Real Madrid a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar shekarar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] g2te9kmqsjo20e4spyfgkjg0irvxgvt 967611 967610 2026-10-14T18:25:44Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Real Madrid */ 967611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma [[Real Madrid]] bayan wani lokaci a cikin National League tare da kungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta Leonesa. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a karkashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a karkashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na Real Madrid a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar shekarar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7x1i0wsd5hedky1fwrztwa6txbgitii 967612 967611 2026-10-14T18:26:24Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Real Madrid */ 967612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma [[Real Madrid]] bayan wani lokaci a cikin National League tare da ƙungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta Leonesa. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a karkashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a karkashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na Real Madrid a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar shekarar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] q5hjmc4y3fkr44g4tpwyf5ekd1300mk 967613 967612 2026-10-14T18:27:34Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Real Madrid */ 967613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma [[Real Madrid]] bayan wani lokaci a cikin '''National League''' tare da ƙungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta Leonesa. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a karkashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a karkashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na Real Madrid a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar shekarar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] pqbe965vilp5oh6hz3ljr2bq7fxc2dr 967615 967613 2026-10-14T18:28:50Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Real Madrid */ 967615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma [[Real Madrid]] bayan wani lokaci a cikin '''National League''' tare da ƙungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta Leonesa. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a ƙarƙashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a karkashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na Real Madrid a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar shekarar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6f8knds10ypo43xz3drqf16eju2mxnh 967616 967615 2026-10-14T18:29:18Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Real Madrid */ 967616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma [[Real Madrid]] bayan wani lokaci a cikin '''National League''' tare da ƙungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta [[Leonesa]]. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a ƙarƙashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a karkashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na Real Madrid a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar shekarar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] j5nz0e7cumb7hpa57hrrokynjiikgc6 967617 967616 2026-10-14T18:29:57Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Real Madrid */ 967617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma [[Real Madrid]] bayan wani lokaci a cikin '''National League''' tare da ƙungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta [[Leonesa]]. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a ƙarƙashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na Real Madrid a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar shekarar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6ggb9jucpp8h4pgxkspycx0bia2o9xk 967637 967617 2026-10-14T20:36:27Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Real Madrid */ 967637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma [[Real Madrid]] bayan wani lokaci a cikin '''National League''' tare da ƙungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta [[Leonesa]]. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a ƙarƙashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na [[Real Madrid]] a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar shekarar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6wbl6d51ecg4bmmjuxxek0c350kk5xw Hasumiyoyin Punic-Roman a Malta 0 179242 967620 2026-10-14T19:27:04Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324453150|Punic-Roman towers in Malta]]" 967620 wikitext text/x-wiki An gano ragowar '''hasumiyoyin Punic-Roman''' guda shida a '''Malta''' . Ana kyautata zaton an gina su ne yayin da [[Malta|tsibirin]] yake cikin Daular [[Tsohon Carthage|Punic]] ko ta Romawa . Tsarin gine-ginensu yana nuna asalin Punic na ƙarshen zamani, kuma sun ci gaba da amfani da su a duk tsawon zamanin Romawa, har zuwa aƙalla ƙarni na 3 AD. Shaidu sun nuna cewa an yi amfani da hasumiyoyin don kare tsibirin. <ref>Sagona, Claudia (2015), 'Melita and Gaulos during the Punic Period, in [https://books.google.com/books?id=qR5TCgAAQBAJ&dq=persephone+mtarfa&pg=PA230 "The Archeology of Malta"], Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|9781107006690}}, p. 239.</ref> A bayyane yake cewa duk an gina hasumiyoyin ne a kan tuddai, a wurare na musamman, kuma suna iya sadarwa sosai da sigina daga juna. Ana kuma samun irin waɗannan hasumiyai a kusa da [[Tunisiya]] tare da tsarin kariya iri ɗaya. A zamanin da, wasu mazauna yankin har yanzu suna zaune a cikin kogo, wasu kaɗan ne kuma ke zaune a gidajen gargajiya masu kama da [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] da ke kusa. Galibi ana ɗaukar cewa an gina hasumiyoyin ne a zamanin Punic kuma Romawa sun ƙawata su. An gina gidaje na Romawa da Girkawa daga baya kuma gabaɗaya ba a kusa da hasumiyai ba, wanda ke nuna cewa a lokacin hasumiyoyin na iya rage mahimmancin su ta hanyar amfani da wasu tsarin soja kamar katangar Melite . Duk da haka, karo na ƙarshe da aka ƙone hasumiyai, don aika sigina, shine a ƙarni na uku na AD. Wasu hasumiyai, kamar Hasumiyar Ta' Ċieda, an gina su ne da amfani da sake amfani da duwatsun da suka riga suka zama tarihi, kuma bayan lalata hasumiyai, lokacin da ba a sake gina su ba, an yi amfani da tarkacen don yin kaburbura da ganuwar tarkace a lokacin mulkin Larabawa. Har yanzu tushen ƙasan hasumiyai shida yana nan, a yanayi daban-daban, yayin da wasu abubuwa da aka samu a hasumiyai yanzu ana nuna su a gidajen tarihi. Wasu biyu kuma wataƙila an rusa su gaba ɗaya yayin gina titin jirgin saman Malta na ƙasa da ƙasa . == Jerin hasumiyai == An gano wurare shida, duk a babban tsibirin Malta, a matsayin ragowar hasumiyai da aka gina ko dai a zamanin Punic ko Romawa. Waɗannan su ne: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Buhagiar |first=Keith |date=2007 |title=Baħrija: Its Archaeological Significance |url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.14(2004-07)/MH.14(2007)4/01.pdf |url-status=usurped |journal=Melita Historica |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=361–362 |issn=1021-6952 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416125607/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.14(2004-07)/MH.14(2007)4/01.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2016}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" |Sunan ! scope="col" |Wurin da yake ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ma'auni |- |{{Sort|Ghajn Klieb Tower|Għajn Klieb Tower}} |{{Sort|Rabat|[[Rabat, Malta|Rabat]]}} | |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|53|10.6|N|14|23|3.3|E}} |- |Hasumiyar Tal-Baqqari (wanda aka fi sani da ''tal-Bakkari'') |{{Sort|Zurrieq|[[Żurrieq]]}} | |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|49|10.1|N|14|29|46.2|E}} |- |{{Sort|Ta Cieda Tower|[[Ta' Ċieda Tower]]}} |{{Sort|San Gwann|[[San Ġwann]]}} |Kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tushe ya kasance |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|54|26.6|N|14|28|48.1|E}} |- |{{Sort|Ta Gawhar Tower|[[Ta' Ġawhar Tower]]}} |{{Sort|Safi|[[Safi, Malta|Safi]]}} |Ya kasance har zuwa darussan bakwai |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|49|57.8|N|14|29|58.2|E}} |- |{{Sort|Ta Santi Tower|Tas-Santi Tower}} |{{Sort|Rabat|[[Rabat, Malta|Rabat]]}} |Wasu tubalan masonry sun kasance |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|53|50.3|N|14|21|26.6|E}} |- |{{Sort|Ta Wilga Tower|Ta' Wilġa Tower}} (wanda aka fi sani da ''Tat-Torrijiet'') |{{Sort|Mqabba|[[Mqabba]]}} |Wani bangare na tushe ya kasance |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|50|59.2|N|14|27|34.5|E}} |- |} Bugu da ƙari, masanin ilmin kayan tarihi David Trump ya ambaci ƙarin hasumiyai guda biyu, wanda ya kawo jimillar zuwa takwas. An rusa ragowar wasu hasumiyai ne domin a samar da hanyar shiga filin jirgin saman Malta . <ref name="schoolnet">{{Cite web |title=It-Torrijiet Tondi Rumani |url=http://www.schoolnet.gov.mt/history/wirt/Rumani/Torrijiet/torrijiet.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008202158/http://schoolnet.gov.mt/history/wirt/Rumani/Torrijiet/torrijiet.htm |archive-date=8 October 2014 |website=schoolnet.gov.mt |language=Maltese}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Julians - Malta's most creative DMC |url=http://mt.petiteevents.com/accomodation/st-julians/ |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=Mt.petiteevents.com}}</ref> Ba a gano wani hasumiyoyin Romawa a tsibirin Gozo na ƙanwar Malta ba, <ref name="cieda">{{Cite web |title=Ta' Cieda Round Tower |url=http://www.sangwannmalta.org/cieda.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122180014/http://sangwannmalta.org/cieda.htm |archive-date=22 November 2015 |website=San Ġwann Local Council}}</ref> amma wasu abubuwan tarihi da aka gano a tsibirin wani lokacin ana kyautata zaton su ne ragowar hasumiyoyin. Duk da haka, tarkacen ba su isa su tantance ko hasumiyoyin Punic ne ko na Romawa ba, kuma kusan babu abin da aka sani game da su. <ref name="civilisation">{{Cite journal |last=Zammit |first=Vincent |date=1984 |title=Maltese Fortifications |journal=Civilization |location=[[Ħamrun]] |publisher=PEG Ltd |volume=1 |page=25}}</ref> An sami wani hasumiyar Punic a cikin lambun gidan firist na cocin Żurrieq . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Phoenician and Punic remains in Malta - The Malta Independent |url=http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2014-03-23/news/phoenician-and-punic-remains-in-malta-4347265029/ |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=Independent.com.mt}}</ref> Yana da {{Convert|5.5|m}} mai tsayi, kuma yana cikin kyakkyawan yanayi. Ba kamar sauran hasumiyai ba, wannan yana da siffar murabba'i, kuma ana kyautata zaton wani ɓangare ne na babban gini. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bonanno |first=Anthony |date=1980 |title=Quintinus and the location of the Temple of Hercules at Marsaxlokk |url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.08(1980-83)/MH.8(1980)3/orig02.pdf |url-status=usurped |journal=Melita Historica |volume=8 |issue=3 |page=197 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416152837/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.08(1980-83)/MH.8(1980)3/orig02.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2016}}</ref> <ref name="zurrieq">{{Cite web |title=Archaeology |url=http://zurrieqlocalcouncil.com/archaeology/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609080107/http://zurrieqlocalcouncil.com/archaeology/ |archive-date=9 June 2015 |website=Żurrieq Local Council}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Phoenician remains at Zurrieq |url=http://www.webring.org/l/rd?ring=malta;id=2;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwebspace%2Ewebring%2Ecom%2Fpeople%2Fiu%2Fum_1967%2Ftower%2Ehtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113133348/http://www.webring.org/l/rd?ring=malta;id=2;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwebspace%2Ewebring%2Ecom%2Fpeople%2Fiu%2Fum_1967%2Ftower%2Ehtml |archive-date=13 January 2016 |website=webring.org}}</ref> == Tsarin gini, shekaru da kuma manufa == [[File:Ta_Cieda_Roman_Tower.jpeg|left|thumb| Rago na gindin Hasumiyar Ta' Ċieda a San Ġwann]] Duk hasumiyai shida suna da siffar zagaye, kuma an gina su ne da manyan tubalan ashlar, irin waɗanda aka saba gani a zamanin baya na gine-ginen [[Tsohon Carthage|Punic]] . <ref name="gawharnicpmi">{{Cite web |date=16 December 2011 |title=Ta' Ġawhar Tower |url=http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/00021.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528140134/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/00021.pdf |archive-date=28 May 2015 |website=National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands}}</ref> An sami rijiyoyi na dā a hasumiya na Ta'Ġawhar da Ta'Ċieda. <ref name="cieda" /> Ba a san ainihin shekarun da manufar hasumiyoyin ba. Duk da cewa wasu ka'idoji sun nuna cewa hasumiyoyin tarihi ne na zamanin da, ana kyautata zaton cewa sun samo asali ne tun daga ƙarshen zamanin Punic, kamar yadda gine-ginensu da kuma tukwane da sauran kayan tarihi da aka gano a Ta' Wilġa da Ta' Ġawhar suka tabbatar. An kuma gano wani kabari na mutanen Finikiya kusa da Hasumiyar Ta' Wilġa. Ana kyautata zaton an kona Hasumiyar Ta' Ġawhar sau biyu, da farko a lokacin Yaƙin Punic na Farko da kuma a kusan ƙarni na 3 na Miladiyya. An gano tsabar kuɗi tun daga shekara ta 35 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa da kuma ƙarni na 3 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa a Ta' Ġawhar, tare da ƙarfe da kuma 'yan kunne na zinariya. Wannan ya nuna cewa tabbas an yi amfani da hasumiyai a zamanin mulkin Romawa. An gabatar da ra'ayoyi da dama game da manufar hasumiyoyin: * A cewar Farfesa A. Bonanno, wataƙila mutanen Carthaginians ne suka gina hasumiyoyin a ƙarni na 3 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), don kare tsibirin daga harin Romawa a lokacin Yaƙin Punic . <ref name="cieda" /> * Wataƙila an gina su ne don gargaɗi ga sansanin sojojin birnin Melita game da wani maƙiyi da ke gabatowa, <ref name="civilisation" /> amma wasu ba su yarda ba suna cewa wuraren da suke ba su da ma'ana a tsarin tsaro. <ref name="gawharnicpmi" /> * Wataƙila suna cikin ƙauyuka, kewaye da kuma kare wani babban matsuguni a yankin Żurrieq - Safi . * Wataƙila an gina su kusa da gidajen ƙauye don tsaron gonakin zaitun, amma ba a sami ragowar gidajen ƙauye a kusa da ɗaya daga cikin hasumiyoyin ba. <ref name="cieda" /> * A wani lokaci akwai gidaje sama da talatin na Romawa a yankunan karkara waɗanda yawancin ragowar an rushe su ne don gidaje na zamani yayin da wasu kuma aka yi watsi da su, aka binne su, wasu kuma suna da ƙarancin ragowar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Il |url=http://www.schoolnet.gov.mt/history/wirt/Rumani/WirtRuman/WirtRumanNOTI.htm |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=Schoolnet.gov.mt}}</ref> * Wataƙila an gina su ne don kare Malta daga harin da mutanen Heruli suka kai musu. <ref name="civilisation" /> Ana kyautata zaton an yi watsi da hasumiyoyin a kusan karni na 3 na AD. <ref name="gawharnicpmi" /> == Ilimin kayan tarihi == Ma'aikatar Gidajen Tarihi ta haƙa Hasumiyar Ta' Wilġa a shekarar 1910. An gano Hasumiyar Tal-Baqqari a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1920, amma ba a taɓa haƙa ta yadda ya kamata ba. <ref name="zurrieq" /> Masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Burtaniya David Trump ne ya binciki Ta'Ġawhar da Ta' Ċieda Towers a 1960. <ref name="cieda" /> <ref name="gawharnicpmi" /> An saka hasumiyoyin Ta' Wilġa da Ta' Ċieda a cikin Jerin Kayan Tarihi na 1925. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Protection of Antiquities Regulations 21st November, 1932 Government Notice 402 of 1932, as Amended by Government Notices 127 of 1935 and 338 of 1939. |url=https://www.mepa.org.mt/file.aspx?f=2627 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419101304/https://www.mepa.org.mt/file.aspx?f=2627 |archive-date=19 April 2016 |website=[[Malta Environment and Planning Authority]]}}</ref> Hasumiyar Ta' Ġawhar wadda ta fi kyau a kiyaye ta daga cikin hasumiyoyin shida ita ce Hasumiyar Ta' Ġawhar, wacce wasu sassanta suka rayu har zuwa layuka bakwai. An jera wannan hasumiya a cikin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Al'adu na Tsibiran Malta . <ref name="gawharnicpmi" /> == Wasu hasumiyai masu yiwuwar asalin Romawa == [[File:Xlejli_Tower_at_Palazzo_Dorell.jpeg|thumb| Hasumiyar Xlejli, wadda wataƙila asalin Romawa ne]] Hasumiyar Xlejli da ke Gudja, wadda har yanzu tana cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, wataƙila ta samo asali ne daga Romawa. A cewar masanin tarihi {{Interlanguage link|Louis de Boisgelin|fr|Pierre-Marie-Louis de Boisgelin de Kerdu}}, an sami wani akwati cike da lambobin tagulla na Romawa a hasumiyar, kuma siffarta mai zagaye ta sa ta yi kama da sauran hasumiyoyin Romawa a Malta. Duk da haka, a cewar wasu majiyoyi, an gina hasumiyar a ƙarni na 12 ko 13 na Miladiyya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Jimmy |date=7 October 2014 |title=Xlejli Tower, Bettina Palace |url=http://lecrac.blogspot.com.mt/2014/10/xlejli-tower-bettina-palace.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226013407/http://lecrac.blogspot.com.mt/2014/10/xlejli-tower-bettina-palace.html |archive-date=26 December 2015 |website=Le Crac}}</ref> == Ƙarin karatu == * Luttrell, Anthony, "Malta Before 870: Some Libyan Connections", shafi na 10.&nbsp;127–33. * [https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/41143/1/Maltese%20fortifcations.pdf Katangar Maltese] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 61dzl5eejvyy2ekzt8fepttwb3lmz2o 967621 967620 2026-10-14T19:28:46Z Baffa ali 47435 967621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An gano ragowar '''hasumiyoyin Punic-Roman''' guda shida a '''Malta''' . Ana kyautata zaton an gina su ne yayin da [[Malta|tsibirin]] yake cikin Daular [[Tsohon Carthage|Punic]] ko ta Romawa . Tsarin gine-ginensu yana nuna asalin Punic na ƙarshen zamani, kuma sun ci gaba da amfani da su a duk tsawon zamanin Romawa, har zuwa aƙalla ƙarni na 3 AD. Shaidu sun nuna cewa an yi amfani da hasumiyoyin don kare tsibirin. <ref>Sagona, Claudia (2015), 'Melita and Gaulos during the Punic Period, in [https://books.google.com/books?id=qR5TCgAAQBAJ&dq=persephone+mtarfa&pg=PA230 "The Archeology of Malta"], Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|9781107006690}}, p. 239.</ref> A bayyane yake cewa duk an gina hasumiyoyin ne a kan tuddai, a wurare na musamman, kuma suna iya sadarwa sosai da sigina daga juna. Ana kuma samun irin waɗannan hasumiyai a kusa da [[Tunisiya]] tare da tsarin kariya iri ɗaya. A zamanin da, wasu mazauna yankin har yanzu suna zaune a cikin kogo, wasu kaɗan ne kuma ke zaune a gidajen gargajiya masu kama da [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] da ke kusa. Galibi ana ɗaukar cewa an gina hasumiyoyin ne a zamanin Punic kuma Romawa sun ƙawata su. An gina gidaje na Romawa da Girkawa daga baya kuma gabaɗaya ba a kusa da hasumiyai ba, wanda ke nuna cewa a lokacin hasumiyoyin na iya rage mahimmancin su ta hanyar amfani da wasu tsarin soja kamar katangar Melite . Duk da haka, karo na ƙarshe da aka ƙone hasumiyai, don aika sigina, shine a ƙarni na uku na AD. Wasu hasumiyai, kamar Hasumiyar Ta' Ċieda, an gina su ne da amfani da sake amfani da duwatsun da suka riga suka zama tarihi, kuma bayan lalata hasumiyai, lokacin da ba a sake gina su ba, an yi amfani da tarkacen don yin kaburbura da ganuwar tarkace a lokacin mulkin Larabawa. Har yanzu tushen ƙasan hasumiyai shida yana nan, a yanayi daban-daban, yayin da wasu abubuwa da aka samu a hasumiyai yanzu ana nuna su a gidajen tarihi. Wasu biyu kuma wataƙila an rusa su gaba ɗaya yayin gina titin jirgin saman Malta na ƙasa da ƙasa . == Jerin hasumiyai == An gano wurare shida, duk a babban tsibirin Malta, a matsayin ragowar hasumiyai da aka gina ko dai a zamanin Punic ko Romawa. Waɗannan su ne: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Buhagiar |first=Keith |date=2007 |title=Baħrija: Its Archaeological Significance |url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.14(2004-07)/MH.14(2007)4/01.pdf |url-status=usurped |journal=Melita Historica |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=361–362 |issn=1021-6952 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416125607/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.14(2004-07)/MH.14(2007)4/01.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2016}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" |Sunan ! scope="col" |Wurin da yake ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ma'auni |- |{{Sort|Ghajn Klieb Tower|Għajn Klieb Tower}} |{{Sort|Rabat|[[Rabat, Malta|Rabat]]}} | |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|53|10.6|N|14|23|3.3|E}} |- |Hasumiyar Tal-Baqqari (wanda aka fi sani da ''tal-Bakkari'') |{{Sort|Zurrieq|[[Żurrieq]]}} | |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|49|10.1|N|14|29|46.2|E}} |- |{{Sort|Ta Cieda Tower|[[Ta' Ċieda Tower]]}} |{{Sort|San Gwann|[[San Ġwann]]}} |Kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tushe ya kasance |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|54|26.6|N|14|28|48.1|E}} |- |{{Sort|Ta Gawhar Tower|[[Ta' Ġawhar Tower]]}} |{{Sort|Safi|[[Safi, Malta|Safi]]}} |Ya kasance har zuwa darussan bakwai |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|49|57.8|N|14|29|58.2|E}} |- |{{Sort|Ta Santi Tower|Tas-Santi Tower}} |{{Sort|Rabat|[[Rabat, Malta|Rabat]]}} |Wasu tubalan masonry sun kasance |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|53|50.3|N|14|21|26.6|E}} |- |{{Sort|Ta Wilga Tower|Ta' Wilġa Tower}} (wanda aka fi sani da ''Tat-Torrijiet'') |{{Sort|Mqabba|[[Mqabba]]}} |Wani bangare na tushe ya kasance |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|50|59.2|N|14|27|34.5|E}} |- |} Bugu da ƙari, masanin ilmin kayan tarihi David Trump ya ambaci ƙarin hasumiyai guda biyu, wanda ya kawo jimillar zuwa takwas. An rusa ragowar wasu hasumiyai ne domin a samar da hanyar shiga filin jirgin saman Malta . <ref name="schoolnet">{{Cite web |title=It-Torrijiet Tondi Rumani |url=http://www.schoolnet.gov.mt/history/wirt/Rumani/Torrijiet/torrijiet.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008202158/http://schoolnet.gov.mt/history/wirt/Rumani/Torrijiet/torrijiet.htm |archive-date=8 October 2014 |website=schoolnet.gov.mt |language=Maltese}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Julians - Malta's most creative DMC |url=http://mt.petiteevents.com/accomodation/st-julians/ |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=Mt.petiteevents.com}}</ref> Ba a gano wani hasumiyoyin Romawa a tsibirin Gozo na ƙanwar Malta ba, <ref name="cieda">{{Cite web |title=Ta' Cieda Round Tower |url=http://www.sangwannmalta.org/cieda.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122180014/http://sangwannmalta.org/cieda.htm |archive-date=22 November 2015 |website=San Ġwann Local Council}}</ref> amma wasu abubuwan tarihi da aka gano a tsibirin wani lokacin ana kyautata zaton su ne ragowar hasumiyoyin. Duk da haka, tarkacen ba su isa su tantance ko hasumiyoyin Punic ne ko na Romawa ba, kuma kusan babu abin da aka sani game da su. <ref name="civilisation">{{Cite journal |last=Zammit |first=Vincent |date=1984 |title=Maltese Fortifications |journal=Civilization |location=[[Ħamrun]] |publisher=PEG Ltd |volume=1 |page=25}}</ref> An sami wani hasumiyar Punic a cikin lambun gidan firist na cocin Żurrieq . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Phoenician and Punic remains in Malta - The Malta Independent |url=http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2014-03-23/news/phoenician-and-punic-remains-in-malta-4347265029/ |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=Independent.com.mt}}</ref> Yana da {{Convert|5.5|m}} mai tsayi, kuma yana cikin kyakkyawan yanayi. Ba kamar sauran hasumiyai ba, wannan yana da siffar murabba'i, kuma ana kyautata zaton wani ɓangare ne na babban gini. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bonanno |first=Anthony |date=1980 |title=Quintinus and the location of the Temple of Hercules at Marsaxlokk |url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.08(1980-83)/MH.8(1980)3/orig02.pdf |url-status=usurped |journal=Melita Historica |volume=8 |issue=3 |page=197 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416152837/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.08(1980-83)/MH.8(1980)3/orig02.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2016}}</ref> <ref name="zurrieq">{{Cite web |title=Archaeology |url=http://zurrieqlocalcouncil.com/archaeology/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609080107/http://zurrieqlocalcouncil.com/archaeology/ |archive-date=9 June 2015 |website=Żurrieq Local Council}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Phoenician remains at Zurrieq |url=http://www.webring.org/l/rd?ring=malta;id=2;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwebspace%2Ewebring%2Ecom%2Fpeople%2Fiu%2Fum_1967%2Ftower%2Ehtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113133348/http://www.webring.org/l/rd?ring=malta;id=2;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwebspace%2Ewebring%2Ecom%2Fpeople%2Fiu%2Fum_1967%2Ftower%2Ehtml |archive-date=13 January 2016 |website=webring.org}}</ref> == Tsarin gini, shekaru da kuma manufa == [[File:Ta_Cieda_Roman_Tower.jpeg|left|thumb| Rago na gindin Hasumiyar Ta' Ċieda a San Ġwann]] Duk hasumiyai shida suna da siffar zagaye, kuma an gina su ne da manyan tubalan ashlar, irin waɗanda aka saba gani a zamanin baya na gine-ginen [[Tsohon Carthage|Punic]] . <ref name="gawharnicpmi">{{Cite web |date=16 December 2011 |title=Ta' Ġawhar Tower |url=http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/00021.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528140134/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/00021.pdf |archive-date=28 May 2015 |website=National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands}}</ref> An sami rijiyoyi na dā a hasumiya na Ta'Ġawhar da Ta'Ċieda. <ref name="cieda" /> Ba a san ainihin shekarun da manufar hasumiyoyin ba. Duk da cewa wasu ka'idoji sun nuna cewa hasumiyoyin tarihi ne na zamanin da, ana kyautata zaton cewa sun samo asali ne tun daga ƙarshen zamanin Punic, kamar yadda gine-ginensu da kuma tukwane da sauran kayan tarihi da aka gano a Ta' Wilġa da Ta' Ġawhar suka tabbatar. An kuma gano wani kabari na mutanen Finikiya kusa da Hasumiyar Ta' Wilġa. Ana kyautata zaton an kona Hasumiyar Ta' Ġawhar sau biyu, da farko a lokacin Yaƙin Punic na Farko da kuma a kusan ƙarni na 3 na Miladiyya. An gano tsabar kuɗi tun daga shekara ta 35 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa da kuma ƙarni na 3 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa a Ta' Ġawhar, tare da ƙarfe da kuma 'yan kunne na zinariya. Wannan ya nuna cewa tabbas an yi amfani da hasumiyai a zamanin mulkin Romawa. An gabatar da ra'ayoyi da dama game da manufar hasumiyoyin: * A cewar Farfesa A. Bonanno, wataƙila mutanen Carthaginians ne suka gina hasumiyoyin a ƙarni na 3 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), don kare tsibirin daga harin Romawa a lokacin Yaƙin Punic . <ref name="cieda" /> * Wataƙila an gina su ne don gargaɗi ga sansanin sojojin birnin Melita game da wani maƙiyi da ke gabatowa, <ref name="civilisation" /> amma wasu ba su yarda ba suna cewa wuraren da suke ba su da ma'ana a tsarin tsaro. <ref name="gawharnicpmi" /> * Wataƙila suna cikin ƙauyuka, kewaye da kuma kare wani babban matsuguni a yankin Żurrieq - Safi . * Wataƙila an gina su kusa da gidajen ƙauye don tsaron gonakin zaitun, amma ba a sami ragowar gidajen ƙauye a kusa da ɗaya daga cikin hasumiyoyin ba. <ref name="cieda" /> * A wani lokaci akwai gidaje sama da talatin na Romawa a yankunan karkara waɗanda yawancin ragowar an rushe su ne don gidaje na zamani yayin da wasu kuma aka yi watsi da su, aka binne su, wasu kuma suna da ƙarancin ragowar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Il |url=http://www.schoolnet.gov.mt/history/wirt/Rumani/WirtRuman/WirtRumanNOTI.htm |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=Schoolnet.gov.mt}}</ref> * Wataƙila an gina su ne don kare Malta daga harin da mutanen Heruli suka kai musu. <ref name="civilisation" /> Ana kyautata zaton an yi watsi da hasumiyoyin a kusan karni na 3 na AD. <ref name="gawharnicpmi" /> == Ilimin kayan tarihi == Ma'aikatar Gidajen Tarihi ta haƙa Hasumiyar Ta' Wilġa a shekarar 1910. An gano Hasumiyar Tal-Baqqari a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1920, amma ba a taɓa haƙa ta yadda ya kamata ba. <ref name="zurrieq" /> Masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Burtaniya David Trump ne ya binciki Ta'Ġawhar da Ta' Ċieda Towers a 1960. <ref name="cieda" /> <ref name="gawharnicpmi" /> An saka hasumiyoyin Ta' Wilġa da Ta' Ċieda a cikin Jerin Kayan Tarihi na 1925. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Protection of Antiquities Regulations 21st November, 1932 Government Notice 402 of 1932, as Amended by Government Notices 127 of 1935 and 338 of 1939. |url=https://www.mepa.org.mt/file.aspx?f=2627 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419101304/https://www.mepa.org.mt/file.aspx?f=2627 |archive-date=19 April 2016 |website=[[Malta Environment and Planning Authority]]}}</ref> Hasumiyar Ta' Ġawhar wadda ta fi kyau a kiyaye ta daga cikin hasumiyoyin shida ita ce Hasumiyar Ta' Ġawhar, wacce wasu sassanta suka rayu har zuwa layuka bakwai. An jera wannan hasumiya a cikin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Al'adu na Tsibiran Malta . <ref name="gawharnicpmi" /> == Wasu hasumiyai masu yiwuwar asalin Romawa == [[File:Xlejli_Tower_at_Palazzo_Dorell.jpeg|thumb| Hasumiyar Xlejli, wadda wataƙila asalin Romawa ne]] Hasumiyar Xlejli da ke Gudja, wadda har yanzu tana cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, wataƙila ta samo asali ne daga Romawa. A cewar masanin tarihi {{Interlanguage link|Louis de Boisgelin|fr|Pierre-Marie-Louis de Boisgelin de Kerdu}}, an sami wani akwati cike da lambobin tagulla na Romawa a hasumiyar, kuma siffarta mai zagaye ta sa ta yi kama da sauran hasumiyoyin Romawa a Malta. Duk da haka, a cewar wasu majiyoyi, an gina hasumiyar a ƙarni na 12 ko 13 na Miladiyya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Jimmy |date=7 October 2014 |title=Xlejli Tower, Bettina Palace |url=http://lecrac.blogspot.com.mt/2014/10/xlejli-tower-bettina-palace.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226013407/http://lecrac.blogspot.com.mt/2014/10/xlejli-tower-bettina-palace.html |archive-date=26 December 2015 |website=Le Crac}}</ref> == Ƙarin karatu == * Luttrell, Anthony, "Malta Before 870: Some Libyan Connections", shafi na 10.&nbsp;127–33. * [https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/41143/1/Maltese%20fortifcations.pdf Katangar Maltese] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pvfbmv26zml7jjghqreyaco57jss1os 967622 967621 2026-10-14T19:30:39Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Tsarin gini, shekaru da kuma manufa */ 967622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An gano ragowar '''hasumiyoyin Punic-Roman''' guda shida a '''Malta''' . Ana kyautata zaton an gina su ne yayin da [[Malta|tsibirin]] yake cikin Daular [[Tsohon Carthage|Punic]] ko ta Romawa . Tsarin gine-ginensu yana nuna asalin Punic na ƙarshen zamani, kuma sun ci gaba da amfani da su a duk tsawon zamanin Romawa, har zuwa aƙalla ƙarni na 3 AD. Shaidu sun nuna cewa an yi amfani da hasumiyoyin don kare tsibirin. <ref>Sagona, Claudia (2015), 'Melita and Gaulos during the Punic Period, in [https://books.google.com/books?id=qR5TCgAAQBAJ&dq=persephone+mtarfa&pg=PA230 "The Archeology of Malta"], Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|9781107006690}}, p. 239.</ref> A bayyane yake cewa duk an gina hasumiyoyin ne a kan tuddai, a wurare na musamman, kuma suna iya sadarwa sosai da sigina daga juna. Ana kuma samun irin waɗannan hasumiyai a kusa da [[Tunisiya]] tare da tsarin kariya iri ɗaya. A zamanin da, wasu mazauna yankin har yanzu suna zaune a cikin kogo, wasu kaɗan ne kuma ke zaune a gidajen gargajiya masu kama da [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] da ke kusa. Galibi ana ɗaukar cewa an gina hasumiyoyin ne a zamanin Punic kuma Romawa sun ƙawata su. An gina gidaje na Romawa da Girkawa daga baya kuma gabaɗaya ba a kusa da hasumiyai ba, wanda ke nuna cewa a lokacin hasumiyoyin na iya rage mahimmancin su ta hanyar amfani da wasu tsarin soja kamar katangar Melite . Duk da haka, karo na ƙarshe da aka ƙone hasumiyai, don aika sigina, shine a ƙarni na uku na AD. Wasu hasumiyai, kamar Hasumiyar Ta' Ċieda, an gina su ne da amfani da sake amfani da duwatsun da suka riga suka zama tarihi, kuma bayan lalata hasumiyai, lokacin da ba a sake gina su ba, an yi amfani da tarkacen don yin kaburbura da ganuwar tarkace a lokacin mulkin Larabawa. Har yanzu tushen ƙasan hasumiyai shida yana nan, a yanayi daban-daban, yayin da wasu abubuwa da aka samu a hasumiyai yanzu ana nuna su a gidajen tarihi. Wasu biyu kuma wataƙila an rusa su gaba ɗaya yayin gina titin jirgin saman Malta na ƙasa da ƙasa . == Jerin hasumiyai == An gano wurare shida, duk a babban tsibirin Malta, a matsayin ragowar hasumiyai da aka gina ko dai a zamanin Punic ko Romawa. Waɗannan su ne: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Buhagiar |first=Keith |date=2007 |title=Baħrija: Its Archaeological Significance |url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.14(2004-07)/MH.14(2007)4/01.pdf |url-status=usurped |journal=Melita Historica |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=361–362 |issn=1021-6952 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416125607/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.14(2004-07)/MH.14(2007)4/01.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2016}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" |Sunan ! scope="col" |Wurin da yake ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ma'auni |- |{{Sort|Ghajn Klieb Tower|Għajn Klieb Tower}} |{{Sort|Rabat|[[Rabat, Malta|Rabat]]}} | |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|53|10.6|N|14|23|3.3|E}} |- |Hasumiyar Tal-Baqqari (wanda aka fi sani da ''tal-Bakkari'') |{{Sort|Zurrieq|[[Żurrieq]]}} | |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|49|10.1|N|14|29|46.2|E}} |- |{{Sort|Ta Cieda Tower|[[Ta' Ċieda Tower]]}} |{{Sort|San Gwann|[[San Ġwann]]}} |Kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tushe ya kasance |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|54|26.6|N|14|28|48.1|E}} |- |{{Sort|Ta Gawhar Tower|[[Ta' Ġawhar Tower]]}} |{{Sort|Safi|[[Safi, Malta|Safi]]}} |Ya kasance har zuwa darussan bakwai |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|49|57.8|N|14|29|58.2|E}} |- |{{Sort|Ta Santi Tower|Tas-Santi Tower}} |{{Sort|Rabat|[[Rabat, Malta|Rabat]]}} |Wasu tubalan masonry sun kasance |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|53|50.3|N|14|21|26.6|E}} |- |{{Sort|Ta Wilga Tower|Ta' Wilġa Tower}} (wanda aka fi sani da ''Tat-Torrijiet'') |{{Sort|Mqabba|[[Mqabba]]}} |Wani bangare na tushe ya kasance |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|50|59.2|N|14|27|34.5|E}} |- |} Bugu da ƙari, masanin ilmin kayan tarihi David Trump ya ambaci ƙarin hasumiyai guda biyu, wanda ya kawo jimillar zuwa takwas. An rusa ragowar wasu hasumiyai ne domin a samar da hanyar shiga filin jirgin saman Malta . <ref name="schoolnet">{{Cite web |title=It-Torrijiet Tondi Rumani |url=http://www.schoolnet.gov.mt/history/wirt/Rumani/Torrijiet/torrijiet.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008202158/http://schoolnet.gov.mt/history/wirt/Rumani/Torrijiet/torrijiet.htm |archive-date=8 October 2014 |website=schoolnet.gov.mt |language=Maltese}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Julians - Malta's most creative DMC |url=http://mt.petiteevents.com/accomodation/st-julians/ |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=Mt.petiteevents.com}}</ref> Ba a gano wani hasumiyoyin Romawa a tsibirin Gozo na ƙanwar Malta ba, <ref name="cieda">{{Cite web |title=Ta' Cieda Round Tower |url=http://www.sangwannmalta.org/cieda.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122180014/http://sangwannmalta.org/cieda.htm |archive-date=22 November 2015 |website=San Ġwann Local Council}}</ref> amma wasu abubuwan tarihi da aka gano a tsibirin wani lokacin ana kyautata zaton su ne ragowar hasumiyoyin. Duk da haka, tarkacen ba su isa su tantance ko hasumiyoyin Punic ne ko na Romawa ba, kuma kusan babu abin da aka sani game da su. <ref name="civilisation">{{Cite journal |last=Zammit |first=Vincent |date=1984 |title=Maltese Fortifications |journal=Civilization |location=[[Ħamrun]] |publisher=PEG Ltd |volume=1 |page=25}}</ref> An sami wani hasumiyar Punic a cikin lambun gidan firist na cocin Żurrieq . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Phoenician and Punic remains in Malta - The Malta Independent |url=http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2014-03-23/news/phoenician-and-punic-remains-in-malta-4347265029/ |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=Independent.com.mt}}</ref> Yana da {{Convert|5.5|m}} mai tsayi, kuma yana cikin kyakkyawan yanayi. Ba kamar sauran hasumiyai ba, wannan yana da siffar murabba'i, kuma ana kyautata zaton wani ɓangare ne na babban gini. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bonanno |first=Anthony |date=1980 |title=Quintinus and the location of the Temple of Hercules at Marsaxlokk |url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.08(1980-83)/MH.8(1980)3/orig02.pdf |url-status=usurped |journal=Melita Historica |volume=8 |issue=3 |page=197 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416152837/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.08(1980-83)/MH.8(1980)3/orig02.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2016}}</ref> <ref name="zurrieq">{{Cite web |title=Archaeology |url=http://zurrieqlocalcouncil.com/archaeology/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609080107/http://zurrieqlocalcouncil.com/archaeology/ |archive-date=9 June 2015 |website=Żurrieq Local Council}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Phoenician remains at Zurrieq |url=http://www.webring.org/l/rd?ring=malta;id=2;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwebspace%2Ewebring%2Ecom%2Fpeople%2Fiu%2Fum_1967%2Ftower%2Ehtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113133348/http://www.webring.org/l/rd?ring=malta;id=2;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwebspace%2Ewebring%2Ecom%2Fpeople%2Fiu%2Fum_1967%2Ftower%2Ehtml |archive-date=13 January 2016 |website=webring.org}}</ref> == Tsarin gini, shekaru da kuma manufa == [[File:Ta_Cieda_Roman_Tower.jpeg|left|thumb| Rago na gindin Hasumiyar Ta' Ċieda a San Ġwann]] Duk hasumiyai shida suna da siffar zagaye, kuma an gina su ne da manyan tubalan ashlar, irin waɗanda aka saba gani a zamanin baya na gine-ginen [[Tsohon Carthage|Punic]] . <ref name="gawharnicpmi">{{Cite web |date=16 December 2011 |title=Ta' Ġawhar Tower |url=http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/00021.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528140134/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/00021.pdf |archive-date=28 May 2015 |website=National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands}}</ref> An sami rijiyoyi na dā a hasumiya na Ta'Ġawhar da Ta'Ċieda. <ref name="cieda" /> Ba a san ainihin shekarun da manufar hasumiyoyin ba. Duk da cewa wasu ka'idoji sun nuna cewa hasumiyoyin tarihi ne na zamanin da, ana kyautata zaton cewa sun samo asali ne tun daga ƙarshen zamanin Punic, kamar yadda gine-ginensu da kuma tukwane da sauran kayan tarihi da aka gano a Ta' Wilġa da Ta' Ġawhar suka tabbatar. An kuma gano wani kabari na mutanen Finikiya kusa da Hasumiyar Ta' Wilġa. <ref name=sagona2015/> Ana kyautata zaton an kona Hasumiyar Ta' Ġawhar sau biyu, da farko a lokacin Yaƙin Punic na Farko da kuma a kusan ƙarni na 3 na Miladiyya. An gano tsabar kuɗi tun daga shekara ta 35 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa da kuma ƙarni na 3 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa a Ta' Ġawhar, tare da ƙarfe da kuma 'yan kunne na zinariya. Wannan ya nuna cewa tabbas an yi amfani da hasumiyai a zamanin mulkin Romawa. An gabatar da ra'ayoyi da dama game da manufar hasumiyoyin: * A cewar Farfesa A. Bonanno, wataƙila mutanen Carthaginians ne suka gina hasumiyoyin a ƙarni na 3 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), don kare tsibirin daga harin Romawa a lokacin Yaƙin Punic . <ref name="cieda" /> * Wataƙila an gina su ne don gargaɗi ga sansanin sojojin birnin Melita game da wani maƙiyi da ke gabatowa, <ref name="civilisation" /> amma wasu ba su yarda ba suna cewa wuraren da suke ba su da ma'ana a tsarin tsaro. <ref name="gawharnicpmi" /> * Wataƙila suna cikin ƙauyuka, kewaye da kuma kare wani babban matsuguni a yankin Żurrieq - Safi . * Wataƙila an gina su kusa da gidajen ƙauye don tsaron gonakin zaitun, amma ba a sami ragowar gidajen ƙauye a kusa da ɗaya daga cikin hasumiyoyin ba. <ref name="cieda" /> * A wani lokaci akwai gidaje sama da talatin na Romawa a yankunan karkara waɗanda yawancin ragowar an rushe su ne don gidaje na zamani yayin da wasu kuma aka yi watsi da su, aka binne su, wasu kuma suna da ƙarancin ragowar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Il |url=http://www.schoolnet.gov.mt/history/wirt/Rumani/WirtRuman/WirtRumanNOTI.htm |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=Schoolnet.gov.mt}}</ref> * Wataƙila an gina su ne don kare Malta daga harin da mutanen Heruli suka kai musu. <ref name="civilisation" /> Ana kyautata zaton an yi watsi da hasumiyoyin a kusan karni na 3 na AD. <ref name="gawharnicpmi" /> == Ilimin kayan tarihi == Ma'aikatar Gidajen Tarihi ta haƙa Hasumiyar Ta' Wilġa a shekarar 1910. An gano Hasumiyar Tal-Baqqari a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1920, amma ba a taɓa haƙa ta yadda ya kamata ba. <ref name="zurrieq" /> Masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Burtaniya David Trump ne ya binciki Ta'Ġawhar da Ta' Ċieda Towers a 1960. <ref name="cieda" /> <ref name="gawharnicpmi" /> An saka hasumiyoyin Ta' Wilġa da Ta' Ċieda a cikin Jerin Kayan Tarihi na 1925. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Protection of Antiquities Regulations 21st November, 1932 Government Notice 402 of 1932, as Amended by Government Notices 127 of 1935 and 338 of 1939. |url=https://www.mepa.org.mt/file.aspx?f=2627 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419101304/https://www.mepa.org.mt/file.aspx?f=2627 |archive-date=19 April 2016 |website=[[Malta Environment and Planning Authority]]}}</ref> Hasumiyar Ta' Ġawhar wadda ta fi kyau a kiyaye ta daga cikin hasumiyoyin shida ita ce Hasumiyar Ta' Ġawhar, wacce wasu sassanta suka rayu har zuwa layuka bakwai. An jera wannan hasumiya a cikin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Al'adu na Tsibiran Malta . <ref name="gawharnicpmi" /> == Wasu hasumiyai masu yiwuwar asalin Romawa == [[File:Xlejli_Tower_at_Palazzo_Dorell.jpeg|thumb| Hasumiyar Xlejli, wadda wataƙila asalin Romawa ne]] Hasumiyar Xlejli da ke Gudja, wadda har yanzu tana cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, wataƙila ta samo asali ne daga Romawa. A cewar masanin tarihi {{Interlanguage link|Louis de Boisgelin|fr|Pierre-Marie-Louis de Boisgelin de Kerdu}}, an sami wani akwati cike da lambobin tagulla na Romawa a hasumiyar, kuma siffarta mai zagaye ta sa ta yi kama da sauran hasumiyoyin Romawa a Malta. Duk da haka, a cewar wasu majiyoyi, an gina hasumiyar a ƙarni na 12 ko 13 na Miladiyya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Jimmy |date=7 October 2014 |title=Xlejli Tower, Bettina Palace |url=http://lecrac.blogspot.com.mt/2014/10/xlejli-tower-bettina-palace.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226013407/http://lecrac.blogspot.com.mt/2014/10/xlejli-tower-bettina-palace.html |archive-date=26 December 2015 |website=Le Crac}}</ref> == Ƙarin karatu == * Luttrell, Anthony, "Malta Before 870: Some Libyan Connections", shafi na 10.&nbsp;127–33. * [https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/41143/1/Maltese%20fortifcations.pdf Katangar Maltese] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j85dujnj65b4k68xqdn014ew9ciksc9 Mithraeum na Dura-Europos 0 179243 967625 2026-10-14T19:38:35Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379823197|Mithraeum of Dura-Europos]]" 967625 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cumont_and_Rostovtzeff_in_the_Mithraeum.jpg|thumb| Cumont da Rostovtzeff a Mithraeum]] An gano '''Mithraeum na Dura Europos''' a lokacin haƙa rami a birnin a shekarar 1934. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen ibada mafi kyau da aka kiyaye kuma aka rubuta su da kyau a cikin Mithraism . Haikalin yana arewa maso yammacin birnin, kusa da bangon birnin. Gini ne mai zaman kansa wanda aka yi da tubalin adobe. An bayyana aiwatar da aikin ginin a cikin rahoton farko a matsayin abin takaici. Akwai matakai uku na gini. Da farko ɗakin ibada ne da aka gina a cikin ginin zama, wanda tsawon shekaru aka faɗaɗa shi aka kuma ƙara ƙawata shi. Haikalin yana ƙasa, kuma yana kama da basilica a ciki. Waɗannan abubuwa ne marasa tsari ga mithraeum, domin galibi an tsara su ne a ƙarƙashin ƙasa da kuma kama da kogo. == tono ƙasa == Clark Hopkins da Franz Cumont ne suka haƙa ramin tare da sauran birnin, waɗanda daga baya Rostovtzeff da Robert du Mesnil du Buisson suka haɗu da shi. Sauran membobin sune Maurice Pillet, Margaret Crosby da Frank Edward Brown . Mithraeum yana da muhimmanci domin shi ne wuri na farko kuma shi kaɗai da aka samu a Siriya har sai da aka tono rami a Caesarea Maritima a 1973-74 kuma aka gano wani rami mai suna mithraeum. == Tarihi da bayanin == [[File:Dura-Europos_plan.png|thumb| Tsarin Dura-Europos wanda ke nuna Mithraeum wanda aka yiwa alama da J7]] An kiyaye wani ɓangare na ginin kariya na Mithraeum ( ''CIMRM'' 34–70), wanda ke tsakanin hasumiyai 23 da 24. An tono shi a watan Janairun 1934 bayan shekaru da dama ana ta tsammanin ko Dura zai bayyana alamun ƙungiyar Romawa ta Mithras . Alamun tarihi na farko da aka samu a cikin haikalin sun kasance daga tsakanin AD 168 da 171, wanda ya yi daidai da isowar Lucius Verus da sojojinsa. A wannan matakin har yanzu ɗaki ne a cikin wani gida mai zaman kansa. Sojojin Cohors XX Palmyrenorum ne suka rubuta rubutun keɓewa na 171 AD. An faɗaɗa shi kuma an gyara shi tsakanin 209 da 211, kuma yawancin frescoes ɗin sun fito ne daga wannan lokacin. ''Tabula ansata'' na 210 yana yi wa Septimius Severus, Caracalla, da Geta gaisuwa. Wani ''centurio principe praepositus'' na legio IIII Scythicae et XVI Flaviae firmae ( ''CIMRM'' 53) ne ya gudanar da ginin, kuma da alama sojojin daular mulkin ne suka yi ginin. An sake faɗaɗa mithraeum a shekara ta 240, amma a shekara ta 256—da yaƙi da Sassaniyawa da ke shirin karewa—an cika wurin ibadar kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na katangar da aka ƙarfafa. Bayan an tono, an kai haikalin gunduwa-gunduwa zuwa New Haven, Connecticut, inda aka sake gina shi (kuma yanzu ana nuna shi) a Gidan Tarihi na Jami'ar Yale. Zane-zanen da suka rage, zane-zanen bango da kuma dipinti (wadanda suka kai adadi mai yawa) suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga nazarin tsarin zamantakewa na ƙungiyar asiri. <ref>''cf.'' {{Harvard citation no brackets|Francis|1975b}}.</ref> An gano gunkin da bagadai ba tare da wata matsala ba, haka kuma an ga irin rawar da Mithras ya taka wajen yanka bijimin, tare da allahn jarumin sanye da kayan "gabas" ("wando, takalma, da hula mai kaifi"). Kamar yadda aka saba gani a lardunan Romawa a Gabas ta Girka, rubuce-rubuce da rubutu a bango galibi suna cikin Girkanci, sauran kuma a cikin Palmyrene (da kuma wasu daga cikin Helenanci). Ƙarshen wurin ibada yana da baka mai siffar zama a kan kowanne ginshiƙai biyu masu goyon baya. A ciki da kuma bin siffar baka akwai jerin zane-zanen taurari . A cikin tsarin ka'idar da ta daɗe tana wanzuwa cewa ƙungiyar Romawa "wani nau'in Mazdaism na Romawa" (" ''la forme romaine du mazdeisme'' "), Cumont ya yi zaton cewa ƙungiyoyin Dura guda biyu suna wakiltar manyan mutane biyu na littafinsa ''Les Mages helénisés'', wato [[Zoroaster|"Zoroaster"]] da " Ostanes ". <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cumont|1975}}.</ref> Wannan karatun bai sami tushe ba; "zanen biyu Palmyrene ne a duk halayensu na musamman" <ref>Rostovtzeff, qtd. by<br /><br />{{Harvard citation no brackets|Francis|1975a}}.</ref> kuma wataƙila hotunan manyan membobin ƙungiyar mataimakan Siriya ta wannan mithraeum ne. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Francis|1975a}}.</ref> Sojojin Romawa da na Palmyrene da dama ne suka sanya hannu kuma suka rubuta zane-zanen da ke wurin. Ba za a iya tabbatar da asalin yawancin waɗannan sojoji gaba ɗaya ba sai dai waɗanda suka sanya hannu ko dai da cikakkun sunayensu ko kuma bayanan runduna. Rubutun da aka yi wa rubutu ya nuna cewa daga manyan jami'ai (gami da babban jami'i ) zuwa ƙananan matsayi (kamar zaɓuɓɓuka da ma'ana), sojoji na matsayi daban-daban sun ratsa ta Mithraeum, idan ba haka ba. <gallery mode="packed" heights="200px" caption="An sake gina Mithraeum a Yale"> File:Mithraeum_of_Dura_Europos_01.jpg File:Mithraeum_of_Dura_Europos_02.jpg </gallery> == Mataki na farko == An gina ginin farko jim kaɗan kafin shekarar 168 AD. Babban ɗakinsa tsawonsa mita 4.65 ne kawai da faɗinsa mita 5.80. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙananan ɗakuna guda biyu. Wani rubutu na keɓewa ya nuna cewa an gina wannan ginin a shekara ta 168. Rubutun ya samo asali ne daga Stragegos Ethpeni, ɗan Zabde'a kuma an rubuta shi a Palmyrisch kuma an sanya shi a kan wani abin tunawa wanda Mithras ya nuna yadda yake kashe bijimin ( Tauroctony ). Wani ɗan gajeren rubutu na Girkanci ya maimaita sunansa kawai. Rostovtzeff ya yi zargin cewa shine farkon hoton bautar gumaka a wurin ibada. <gallery mode="packed" heights="180px" caption="Rubuce-rubuce masu ban sha'awa tare da rubutun sadaukarwa"> File:Ag-obj-6890-001-pub-large.jpg| AD 168 File:Ag-obj-6891-001-pub-large.jpg| AD 170–171 </gallery>Wani hoton ibada na biyu ya faru shekaru biyu kacal bayan haka. Yana nuna irin wannan yanayi, amma tare da wasu siffofi daban-daban. Rubutun keɓewa na Girkanci yana cewa: "Ga allahn Mithras, wanda Zenobios ya yi, wanda kuma ake kira Eiaebas, ɗan Yaribol, dabarun maharba, a shekara ta 482 (170-171 AD)". A gefen dama na bijimin akwai masu kallo, waɗanda in ba haka ba ba a rubuta su don abubuwan da suka faru na tauroctony ba. Uku daga cikin masu kallo suna da taken rubutu. Mafi girman mutum, a gefen dama, shine Zenobius, wanda ya bayar da gudummawar agajin. Sauran haruffa biyu sune Jariboles da Barnaadth. Wani abin da ya bambanta wannan sassaucin shine ƙwallo bakwai da ke tsakanin ƙafafun gaba na bijimin. Ba a tabbatar da fassarar ba, amma ra'ayin duniya na Iran ya raba duniya zuwa nahiyoyi bakwai. Don haka wakilcin waɗannan sassa bakwai na duniya na iya zama nuni ga Mithras, Ubangijin dukkan duniya. == Mataki na biyu da na uku == An gano wasu kayan tarihi guda biyu na ƙungiyar asiri. Ƙaramin, babba, yana tsaye a ƙasa da babban kuma wataƙila an rufe shi da labule. [[Tommaso Gnoli]] yana zargin cewa akwai mithraeums guda biyu a Dura Europos. An yi watsi da ɗaya daga cikinsu kuma aka kawo hoton ƙungiyar asiri a nan. Mataki na biyu na ginin ya samo asali ne daga kusan shekara ta 210 zuwa 240 AD kuma sojojin Roma ne suka yi shi ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Antonius Valentius]] . A wannan matakin, an faɗaɗa babban ɗakin zuwa mita 10.90. Yanzu an yi masa ado da zane-zanen bango. A mataki na uku, an faɗaɗa ginin kuma an yi masa ado. A babban ɗakin kowane mataki akwai bagadi, kuma a mataki na ƙarshe akwai ma wani cancel daban. An kuma gano kayan tarihi guda biyu na ƙungiyar asiri a nan. Zane-zanen bango masu kyau na haikalin sun samo asali ne daga mataki na biyu na gini, ciki har da Mithras a matsayin mafarauta, masu sihiri biyu da kuma bagadai masu ƙonawa. Akwai gajerun rubuce-rubuce sama da 200 a cikin ginin. Wannan kuma ya haɗa da sa hannun mai zane Mareos, wanda ya zana ɗakin bautar. An wargaza dukkan wurin ibadar bayan an tono shi aka mayar da shi zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Yale . An sake gina wurin bautar kuma an nuna shi a can. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shrine to the God Mithras (Mithraeum) - Yale University Art Gallery |url=https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/6746 |access-date=18 December 2021 |website=artgallery.yale.edu}}</ref> == Mareos == Mareos (ko Mareinos) mai zane ne wanda aka sani da sa hannun sa a cikin mithraeum. Zane-zanen da ke wurin an yi su ne a tsakiyar ƙarni na uku kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS). A takaice rubutun yana karanta: "Don ceton Mareos, mai zane (Νάμα Μαρέῳ ζωγράφῳ)". An adana zane-zanen da ke cikin mithraeum sosai, amma yawancin marubutan zamani sun bayyana su a matsayin waɗanda ba su da inganci sosai. Wataƙila ya kasance mai fasaha a yankin da ke da ƙarancin ƙwarewa. Da mai zane na ƙasashen waje, mutum zai yi tsammanin ingancin aikin ya fi kyau. An albarkaci Mareos a cikin ɗan gajeren rubutun, ta amfani da kalmar ''namais'' . Wannan kalma ta samo asali ne daga Farisa kuma galibi ana amfani da ita a cikin addinin Mithras a matsayin wata dabara ta musamman ta albarka a ma'anar "don ceto...". Don haka Mareos wataƙila mabiyin Mithra ne. == Manazarta == == Majiyoyi == * Dirven, LA 1999 ''Palmyrenes na Dura-Europos: nazarin hulɗar addini a cikin Roman Syria'' (Leiden: Brill). * Hopkins, C, 1979 ''Gano Dura Europos'', (New Haven da London). * Rostovtzeff, MI, 1938. ''Dura-Europos da Fasaharsa'' (Oxford University Press). * . * . * [[Tommaso Gnoli]] : ''Mithraeum na Dura-Europos'', a cikin: Ted Kaizer (Awannin): ''Addini, Al'umma da Al'adu a Dura-Europos'', Nazarin Gargajiya na Yale 38, Cambridge 2016,{{ISBN|978-1-107-12379-3}}, shafi na&nbsp;126–143 * MI Rostovtzeff, FE Brown, CB Welles: ''Haƙa rami a Dura-Europos: Rahoton Farko na Lokacin Aiki na Bakwai da Takwas 1933–1934 da 1934–1935.'' Jami'ar Yale Press, New Haven/London/Leipzig/Prag 1939, shafi na 1.&nbsp;62–134. == Ƙarin karatu == * Ann Perkins, Fasahar Dura-Europos, bugu na 1. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973), 49–52, shafi na 15, rashin lafiya. * Clark Hopkins, Gano Dura-Europos, edita. Bernard Goldman (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1979), 193-205, rashin lafiya. * Christa Bauchenss-Thüriedl, Erika Simon, da Ingrid Krauskopf, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, 8 vols. (Zurich: Artemis, 1981–97), juzu'i. 6, shafi.&nbsp;609, lamba 328, shafi na 358. * Susan B. Matheson, Dura-Europos: Tsohon Birni da Tarin Yale, na 1 (New Haven, Conn.: Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Yale, 1982), 21, hoto na 19. * Katherine M Kiefer da Susan B. Matheson, Rayuwa a Lardin Gabas: Sansanin Romawa a Dura-Europos, exh. kyanwa. (New Haven, Conn.: Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Yale, 1982), lamba 11. * Christy Cunningham, “Kiyaye Mithraeum a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Yale,” Bulletin Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Yale 39, lamba 2 (Kaka ta 1984): 12–15, hoto na 1–5. * Littafin Jagora na Tarin, exh. kyanwa. (New Haven, Conn.: Gidan Tarihi na Jami'ar Yale, 1992), 270, rashin lafiya. * D. Jason Cooper, Mithras: An sake gano Asirai da Farawa (York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser, Inc., 1996), 79, 84–5, Launi mai kama da haka. babban yanki da murfin 1935.100e, hoto na 3, 8,9. * Lisa R. Brody da Gail Hoffman, editoci. , Dura-Europos: Hanyoyin Magudanar Tarihi (Boston: Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na McMullen, 2011), 31n35. * Lisa R. Brody da Gail Hoffman, editoci. , Roman a cikin Larduna: Fasaha a Gefen Daular (Chestnut Hill, Mass.: Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na McMullen, 2014), 131, hoto na 8.7. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100128204526/http://andreas.irmer.org:80/dura/mithras.html Das Mithraeum von Dura-Europos in Syrien] (a cikin Jamusanci) * [http://users.stlcc.edu/mfuller/duramithras.html Hotuna daga taskar adana kayan tarihi na Yale Art Museum] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] te2r67xa49orfi98sdvvie9ud4cf7xv 967627 967625 2026-10-14T19:42:09Z Baffa ali 47435 967627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Cumont_and_Rostovtzeff_in_the_Mithraeum.jpg|thumb| Cumont da Rostovtzeff a Mithraeum]] An gano '''Mithraeum na Dura Europos''' a lokacin haƙa rami a birnin a shekarar 1934. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen ibada mafi kyau da aka kiyaye kuma aka rubuta su da kyau a cikin Mithraism . Haikalin yana arewa maso yammacin birnin, kusa da bangon birnin. Gini ne mai zaman kansa wanda aka yi da tubalin adobe. An bayyana aiwatar da aikin ginin a cikin rahoton farko a matsayin abin takaici. Akwai matakai uku na gini. Da farko ɗakin ibada ne da aka gina a cikin ginin zama, wanda tsawon shekaru aka faɗaɗa shi aka kuma ƙara ƙawata shi. Haikalin yana ƙasa, kuma yana kama da basilica a ciki. Waɗannan abubuwa ne marasa tsari ga mithraeum, domin galibi an tsara su ne a ƙarƙashin ƙasa da kuma kama da kogo. == tono ƙasa == Clark Hopkins da Franz Cumont ne suka haƙa ramin tare da sauran birnin, waɗanda daga baya Rostovtzeff da Robert du Mesnil du Buisson suka haɗu da shi. Sauran membobin sune Maurice Pillet, Margaret Crosby da Frank Edward Brown . Mithraeum yana da muhimmanci domin shi ne wuri na farko kuma shi kaɗai da aka samu a Siriya har sai da aka tono rami a Caesarea Maritima a 1973-74 kuma aka gano wani rami mai suna mithraeum. == Tarihi da bayanin == [[File:Dura-Europos_plan.png|thumb| Tsarin Dura-Europos wanda ke nuna Mithraeum wanda aka yiwa alama da J7]] An kiyaye wani ɓangare na ginin kariya na Mithraeum ( ''CIMRM'' 34–70), wanda ke tsakanin hasumiyai 23 da 24. An tono shi a watan Janairun 1934 bayan shekaru da dama ana ta tsammanin ko Dura zai bayyana alamun ƙungiyar Romawa ta Mithras . Alamun tarihi na farko da aka samu a cikin haikalin sun kasance daga tsakanin AD 168 da 171, wanda ya yi daidai da isowar Lucius Verus da sojojinsa. A wannan matakin har yanzu ɗaki ne a cikin wani gida mai zaman kansa. Sojojin Cohors XX Palmyrenorum ne suka rubuta rubutun keɓewa na 171 AD. An faɗaɗa shi kuma an gyara shi tsakanin 209 da 211, kuma yawancin frescoes ɗin sun fito ne daga wannan lokacin. ''Tabula ansata'' na 210 yana yi wa Septimius Severus, Caracalla, da Geta gaisuwa. Wani ''centurio principe praepositus'' na legio IIII Scythicae et XVI Flaviae firmae ( ''CIMRM'' 53) ne ya gudanar da ginin, kuma da alama sojojin daular mulkin ne suka yi ginin. An sake faɗaɗa mithraeum a shekara ta 240, amma a shekara ta 256—da yaƙi da Sassaniyawa da ke shirin karewa—an cika wurin ibadar kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na katangar da aka ƙarfafa. Bayan an tono, an kai haikalin gunduwa-gunduwa zuwa New Haven, Connecticut, inda aka sake gina shi (kuma yanzu ana nuna shi) a Gidan Tarihi na Jami'ar Yale. Zane-zanen da suka rage, zane-zanen bango da kuma dipinti (wadanda suka kai adadi mai yawa) suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga nazarin tsarin zamantakewa na ƙungiyar asiri. <ref>''cf.'' {{Harvard citation no brackets|Francis|1975b}}.</ref> An gano gunkin da bagadai ba tare da wata matsala ba, haka kuma an ga irin rawar da Mithras ya taka wajen yanka bijimin, tare da allahn jarumin sanye da kayan "gabas" ("wando, takalma, da hula mai kaifi"). Kamar yadda aka saba gani a lardunan Romawa a Gabas ta Girka, rubuce-rubuce da rubutu a bango galibi suna cikin Girkanci, sauran kuma a cikin Palmyrene (da kuma wasu daga cikin Helenanci). Ƙarshen wurin ibada yana da baka mai siffar zama a kan kowanne ginshiƙai biyu masu goyon baya. A ciki da kuma bin siffar baka akwai jerin zane-zanen taurari . A cikin tsarin ka'idar da ta daɗe tana wanzuwa cewa ƙungiyar Romawa "wani nau'in Mazdaism na Romawa" (" ''la forme romaine du mazdeisme'' "), Cumont ya yi zaton cewa ƙungiyoyin Dura guda biyu suna wakiltar manyan mutane biyu na littafinsa ''Les Mages helénisés'', wato [[Zoroaster|"Zoroaster"]] da " Ostanes ". <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cumont|1975}}.</ref> Wannan karatun bai sami tushe ba; "zanen biyu Palmyrene ne a duk halayensu na musamman" <ref>Rostovtzeff, qtd. by<br /><br />{{Harvard citation no brackets|Francis|1975a}}.</ref> kuma wataƙila hotunan manyan membobin ƙungiyar mataimakan Siriya ta wannan mithraeum ne. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Francis|1975a}}.</ref> Sojojin Romawa da na Palmyrene da dama ne suka sanya hannu kuma suka rubuta zane-zanen da ke wurin. Ba za a iya tabbatar da asalin yawancin waɗannan sojoji gaba ɗaya ba sai dai waɗanda suka sanya hannu ko dai da cikakkun sunayensu ko kuma bayanan runduna. Rubutun da aka yi wa rubutu ya nuna cewa daga manyan jami'ai (gami da babban jami'i ) zuwa ƙananan matsayi (kamar zaɓuɓɓuka da ma'ana), sojoji na matsayi daban-daban sun ratsa ta Mithraeum, idan ba haka ba. <gallery mode="packed" heights="200px" caption="An sake gina Mithraeum a Yale"> File:Mithraeum_of_Dura_Europos_01.jpg File:Mithraeum_of_Dura_Europos_02.jpg </gallery> == Mataki na farko == An gina ginin farko jim kaɗan kafin shekarar 168 AD. Babban ɗakinsa tsawonsa mita 4.65 ne kawai da faɗinsa mita 5.80. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙananan ɗakuna guda biyu. Wani rubutu na keɓewa ya nuna cewa an gina wannan ginin a shekara ta 168. Rubutun ya samo asali ne daga Stragegos Ethpeni, ɗan Zabde'a kuma an rubuta shi a Palmyrisch kuma an sanya shi a kan wani abin tunawa wanda Mithras ya nuna yadda yake kashe bijimin ( Tauroctony ). Wani ɗan gajeren rubutu na Girkanci ya maimaita sunansa kawai. Rostovtzeff ya yi zargin cewa shine farkon hoton bautar gumaka a wurin ibada. <gallery mode="packed" heights="180px" caption="Rubuce-rubuce masu ban sha'awa tare da rubutun sadaukarwa"> File:Ag-obj-6890-001-pub-large.jpg| AD 168 File:Ag-obj-6891-001-pub-large.jpg| AD 170–171 </gallery>Wani hoton ibada na biyu ya faru shekaru biyu kacal bayan haka. Yana nuna irin wannan yanayi, amma tare da wasu siffofi daban-daban. Rubutun keɓewa na Girkanci yana cewa: "Ga allahn Mithras, wanda Zenobios ya yi, wanda kuma ake kira Eiaebas, ɗan Yaribol, dabarun maharba, a shekara ta 482 (170-171 AD)". A gefen dama na bijimin akwai masu kallo, waɗanda in ba haka ba ba a rubuta su don abubuwan da suka faru na tauroctony ba. Uku daga cikin masu kallo suna da taken rubutu. Mafi girman mutum, a gefen dama, shine Zenobius, wanda ya bayar da gudummawar agajin. Sauran haruffa biyu sune Jariboles da Barnaadth. Wani abin da ya bambanta wannan sassaucin shine ƙwallo bakwai da ke tsakanin ƙafafun gaba na bijimin. Ba a tabbatar da fassarar ba, amma ra'ayin duniya na Iran ya raba duniya zuwa nahiyoyi bakwai. Don haka wakilcin waɗannan sassa bakwai na duniya na iya zama nuni ga Mithras, Ubangijin dukkan duniya. == Mataki na biyu da na uku == An gano wasu kayan tarihi guda biyu na ƙungiyar asiri. Ƙaramin, babba, yana tsaye a ƙasa da babban kuma wataƙila an rufe shi da labule. [[Tommaso Gnoli]] yana zargin cewa akwai mithraeums guda biyu a Dura Europos. An yi watsi da ɗaya daga cikinsu kuma aka kawo hoton ƙungiyar asiri a nan. Mataki na biyu na ginin ya samo asali ne daga kusan shekara ta 210 zuwa 240 AD kuma sojojin Roma ne suka yi shi ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Antonius Valentius]] . A wannan matakin, an faɗaɗa babban ɗakin zuwa mita 10.90. Yanzu an yi masa ado da zane-zanen bango. A mataki na uku, an faɗaɗa ginin kuma an yi masa ado. A babban ɗakin kowane mataki akwai bagadi, kuma a mataki na ƙarshe akwai ma wani cancel daban. An kuma gano kayan tarihi guda biyu na ƙungiyar asiri a nan. Zane-zanen bango masu kyau na haikalin sun samo asali ne daga mataki na biyu na gini, ciki har da Mithras a matsayin mafarauta, masu sihiri biyu da kuma bagadai masu ƙonawa. Akwai gajerun rubuce-rubuce sama da 200 a cikin ginin. Wannan kuma ya haɗa da sa hannun mai zane Mareos, wanda ya zana ɗakin bautar. An wargaza dukkan wurin ibadar bayan an tono shi aka mayar da shi zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Yale . An sake gina wurin bautar kuma an nuna shi a can. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shrine to the God Mithras (Mithraeum) - Yale University Art Gallery |url=https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/6746 |access-date=18 December 2021 |website=artgallery.yale.edu}}</ref> == Mareos == Mareos (ko Mareinos) mai zane ne wanda aka sani da sa hannun sa a cikin mithraeum. Zane-zanen da ke wurin an yi su ne a tsakiyar ƙarni na uku kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS). A takaice rubutun yana karanta: "Don ceton Mareos, mai zane (Νάμα Μαρέῳ ζωγράφῳ)". An adana zane-zanen da ke cikin mithraeum sosai, amma yawancin marubutan zamani sun bayyana su a matsayin waɗanda ba su da inganci sosai. Wataƙila ya kasance mai fasaha a yankin da ke da ƙarancin ƙwarewa. Da mai zane na ƙasashen waje, mutum zai yi tsammanin ingancin aikin ya fi kyau. An albarkaci Mareos a cikin ɗan gajeren rubutun, ta amfani da kalmar ''namais'' . Wannan kalma ta samo asali ne daga Farisa kuma galibi ana amfani da ita a cikin addinin Mithras a matsayin wata dabara ta musamman ta albarka a ma'anar "don ceto...". Don haka Mareos wataƙila mabiyin Mithra ne. == Majiyoyi == * Dirven, LA 1999 ''Palmyrenes na Dura-Europos: nazarin hulɗar addini a cikin Roman Syria'' (Leiden: Brill). * Hopkins, C, 1979 ''Gano Dura Europos'', (New Haven da London). * Rostovtzeff, MI, 1938. ''Dura-Europos da Fasaharsa'' (Oxford University Press). * . * . * [[Tommaso Gnoli]] : ''Mithraeum na Dura-Europos'', a cikin: Ted Kaizer (Awannin): ''Addini, Al'umma da Al'adu a Dura-Europos'', Nazarin Gargajiya na Yale 38, Cambridge 2016,{{ISBN|978-1-107-12379-3}}, shafi na&nbsp;126–143 * MI Rostovtzeff, FE Brown, CB Welles: ''Haƙa rami a Dura-Europos: Rahoton Farko na Lokacin Aiki na Bakwai da Takwas 1933–1934 da 1934–1935.'' Jami'ar Yale Press, New Haven/London/Leipzig/Prag 1939, shafi na 1.&nbsp;62–134. == Ƙarin karatu == * Ann Perkins, Fasahar Dura-Europos, bugu na 1. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973), 49–52, shafi na 15, rashin lafiya. * Clark Hopkins, Gano Dura-Europos, edita. Bernard Goldman (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1979), 193-205, rashin lafiya. * Christa Bauchenss-Thüriedl, Erika Simon, da Ingrid Krauskopf, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, 8 vols. (Zurich: Artemis, 1981–97), juzu'i. 6, shafi.&nbsp;609, lamba 328, shafi na 358. * Susan B. Matheson, Dura-Europos: Tsohon Birni da Tarin Yale, na 1 (New Haven, Conn.: Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Yale, 1982), 21, hoto na 19. * Katherine M Kiefer da Susan B. Matheson, Rayuwa a Lardin Gabas: Sansanin Romawa a Dura-Europos, exh. kyanwa. (New Haven, Conn.: Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Yale, 1982), lamba 11. * Christy Cunningham, “Kiyaye Mithraeum a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Yale,” Bulletin Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Yale 39, lamba 2 (Kaka ta 1984): 12–15, hoto na 1–5. * Littafin Jagora na Tarin, exh. kyanwa. (New Haven, Conn.: Gidan Tarihi na Jami'ar Yale, 1992), 270, rashin lafiya. * D. Jason Cooper, Mithras: An sake gano Asirai da Farawa (York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser, Inc., 1996), 79, 84–5, Launi mai kama da haka. babban yanki da murfin 1935.100e, hoto na 3, 8,9. * Lisa R. Brody da Gail Hoffman, editoci. , Dura-Europos: Hanyoyin Magudanar Tarihi (Boston: Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na McMullen, 2011), 31n35. * Lisa R. Brody da Gail Hoffman, editoci. , Roman a cikin Larduna: Fasaha a Gefen Daular (Chestnut Hill, Mass.: Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na McMullen, 2014), 131, hoto na 8.7. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100128204526/http://andreas.irmer.org:80/dura/mithras.html Das Mithraeum von Dura-Europos in Syrien] (a cikin Jamusanci) * [http://users.stlcc.edu/mfuller/duramithras.html Hotuna daga taskar adana kayan tarihi na Yale Art Museum] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == 32k31n2ggws0bwn67qho0n4930hgpm5 Virus 0 179244 967629 2026-10-14T19:45:05Z Galadanchi123 50022 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379186090|Virus]]" 967629 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''kwayar cuta''' ce mai kamuwa da cuta ta submicroscopic wacce ke sake maimaitawa ne kawai a cikin sel masu rai na kwayar halitta. kwayoyin cuta sun kamu da dukkan nau'ikan rayuwa, daga dabbobi da tsire-tsire zuwa microorganisms, gami da [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]] da archaea.<ref name="Koonin_2006">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Koonin EV, Senkevich TG, Dolja VV |date=September 2006 |title=The ancient Virus World and evolution of cells |journal=Biology Direct |volume=1 |issue=1 |page=29 |doi=10.1186/1745-6150-1-29 |pmc=1594570 |pmid=16984643 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana samun ƙwayoyin cuta a kusan kowane tsarin halittu a Duniya kuma sune mafi yawan nau'ikan halittu. <ref name="Lawrence_2009">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lawrence CM, Menon S, Eilers BJ, Bothner B, Khayat R, Douglas T, Young MJ |date=May 2009 |title=Structural and functional studies of archaeal viruses |journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=284 |issue=19 |pages=12599–603 |doi=10.1074/jbc.R800078200 |pmc=2675988 |pmid=19158076 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Edwards RA, Rohwer F |date=June 2005 |title=Viral metagenomics |journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=504–10 |doi=10.1038/nrmicro1163 |pmid=15886693 |s2cid=8059643}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka fara gano kwayar cutar, kwayar cutar mosaic, a cikin shekarun 1890, an bayyana fiye da 16,000 na miliyoyin nau'ikan kwayar cutar dalla-dalla.<ref name="ictv_2024">{{Cite web |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy |access-date=10 March 2025 |website=talk.ictvonline.org |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses}}</ref><ref name="Breitbart_2005">{{Cite journal |author-link=Mya Breitbart |vauthors=Breitbart M, Rohwer F |date=June 2005 |title=Here a virus, there a virus, everywhere the same virus? |journal=Trends in Microbiology |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=278–84 |doi=10.1016/j.tim.2005.04.003 |pmid=15936660}}</ref> Nazarin ƙwayoyin cuta an san shi da virology, wani nau'i na microbiology. Lokacin da aka kamu da cutar, ana tilasta wa tantanin halitta ya samar da dubban kwafin kwayar cutar ta asali cikin sauri. Lokacin da ba a cikin tantanin halitta mai kamuwa da cuta ba ko kuma a cikin aiwatar da kamuwa da kwayar halitta, ƙwayoyin cuta suna cikin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta masu zaman kansu, ko virions, waɗanda suka ƙunshi (i) kayan kwayar halitta masu tsawo, ''watau'', kwayoyin DNA ko RNA waɗanda ke ƙunshe da tsarin sunadarai waɗanda ƙwayoyin cutar ke aiki; (ii) furotin, ''Capsid'', wanda ke kewaye da kare kayan kwayar cuta; kuma a wasu lokuta (iii) envelope na waje na lipids. Siffofin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta sun fito ne daga nau'ikan Helical da Icosahedral masu sauƙi zuwa tsarin da ya fi rikitarwa. Yawancin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta da ba za a iya gani ba tare da microscope na gani kuma suna da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na girman yawancin ƙwayoyin cutar. Asalin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tarihin juyin halitta na rayuwa har yanzu ba a bayyane yake ba. Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na iya samo asali ne daga plasmids, waɗanda su ne ɓangarorin DNA waɗanda zasu iya motsawa tsakanin sel. Sauran ƙwayoyin cuta na iya samo asali ne daga ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta. A cikin juyin halitta, ƙwayoyin cuta wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci ta canja wurin kwayar halitta a kwance, wanda ke kara bambancin kwayar halitta ta hanyar da ta yi kama da haihuwar jima'i.<ref name="Canchaya_2003">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Canchaya C, Fournous G, Chibani-Chennoufi S, Dillmann ML, Brüssow H |date=August 2003 |title=Phage as agents of lateral gene transfer |journal=Current Opinion in Microbiology |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=417–24 |doi=10.1016/S1369-5274(03)00086-9 |pmid=12941415}}</ref> Wasu masana kimiyyar halittu suna ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin nau'in rayuwa, saboda suna ɗauke da kayan kwayar halitta, haifuwa, kuma suna canzawa ta hanyar Zaɓin halitta, kodayake ba su da wasu mahimman halaye, kamar tsarin tantanin halitta, waɗanda galibi ana ɗaukar su ƙa'idodin da suka dace don bayyana rayuwa. Saboda suna da wasu amma ba duk irin waɗannan halaye ba, an bayyana ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin "kwararrun halittu a gefen rayuwa" kuma a matsayin masu maimaitawa. <ref name="Rybicki_1990">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Rybicki EP |year=1990 |title=The classification of organisms at the edge of life, or problems with virus systematics |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=86 |pages=182–86}}</ref><ref name="Koonin_2016">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Koonin EV, Starokadomskyy P |date=October 2016 |title=Are viruses alive? The replicator paradigm sheds decisive light on an old but misguided question |journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences |volume=59 |pages=125–34 |doi=10.1016/j.shpsc.2016.02.016 |pmc=5406846 |pmid=26965225}}</ref> [[Yaduwar kwayar cuta|Kwayoyin cuta sun bazu]] a hanyoyi da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin watsawa ta hanyar kwayoyin da ke dauke da cututtuka da aka sani da [[Mai yaduwar cuta|vectors]]: alal misali, ƙwayoyin cuta galibi ana watsa su daga shuka zuwa shuka ta kwari da ke cinye ruwan shuka, kamar aphids; kuma ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin a cikin dabbobi na iya ɗaukar su ta hanyar kwari masu shan jini. Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta suna yaduwa [[Cutar dake yadu wa ta iska|a cikin iska]] ta hanyar tari da tari, gami da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cutar mura, [[SARS-CoV-2]], chickenpox, kyanda, da kyanda. Norovirus da Rutavirus, abubuwan da ke haifar da [[Gastroenteritis]] na kwayar cuta, ana watsa su ta hanyar hanyar magunguna, ta hanyar hulɗa ta hannu da baki ko a cikin abinci ko ruwa. Rashin kamuwa da cutar norovirus da ake buƙata don samar da kamuwa da cuta a cikin mutane ƙasa da barbashi 100.<ref name="Robilotti_2015">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Robilotti E, Deresinski S, Pinsky BA |date=January 2015 |title=Norovirus |journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=134–64 |bibcode=2015CliMR..28..134R |doi=10.1128/CMR.00075-14 |pmc=4284304 |pmid=25567225}}</ref> HIV yana daya daga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa da aka watsa ta hanyar jima'i da kuma [[Cutar da ke yaduwa da jini|bayyanar jini mai kamuwa da cuta]]. Nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayar cuta za ta iya kamuwa da su ana kiransu kewayon mahalarta: wannan ƙanƙanta ne ga ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da suka ƙware don kamuwa da wasu nau'o'i kawai, ko kuma ga ƙwayoyan cuta da ke iya kamuwa.{{Rp|123–124}} Cutar kwayar cuta a cikin dabbobi tana haifar da amsawar rigakafi wanda yawanci ke kawar da kwayar cutar. Hakanan ana iya samar da magungunan rigakafi ta hanyar allurar rigakafi, wanda ke ba da rigakafin da aka samu ta wucin gadi ga takamaiman kamuwa da kwayar cuta. Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da waɗanda ke haifar da HIV / AIDS, kamuwa da Cutar HPV, da cutar hepatitis, suna guje wa waɗannan magungunan rigakafi kuma suna haifar da cututtukan cututtuka. An kirkiro nau'ikan Magungunan rigakafi da yawa kuma ana amfani da magungunan kashe kwayar cuta kusan 100 ko haɗuwa da su a duk duniya. == Magana == The English word "virus" comes from the [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] word vīrus, which refers to [[Dafi|poison]] and other noxious liquids. {{Lang|la|Vīrus}} comes from the same [[Harsunan Indo-Turai|Indo-European]] root as [[Sanskrit]] {{Lang|sa|वि॒ष}} ({{Transl|sa|viṣá}}), and Ancient Greek {{Lang|grc|ἰός}} ({{Transl|grc|iós}}), which all mean 'poison'. The first attested use of "virus" in English appeared in 1398 in John Trevisa's translation of Bartholomeus Anglicus's {{Lang|la|De Proprietatibus Rerum}}.<ref name="Etymology_Dictionary">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=virus |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=virus |access-date=19 December 2014 |website=The Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref> ''Virulent'', from Latin {{Lang|la|virulentus}} ('poisonous'), dates to {{Circa|1400}}.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=virulent |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=virulent |access-date=19 December 2014 |website=The Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref> A meaning of 'agent that causes infectious disease' is first recorded in 1728,<ref name="Etymology_Dictionary" /> long before the discovery of viruses by Martinus Beijerinck and Dmitri Ivanovsky in the late 19th century. The English plural is ''viruses'' (sometimes also ''vira''), whereas the Latin word is a mass noun, which has no classically attested plural ({{Lang|la|vīra}} is used in Neo-Latin). The adjective ''viral'' dates to 1948.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=viral |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=viral |access-date=19 December 2014 |website=The Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref> The term ''virion'' (plural ''virions''), which dates from 1959,<ref name="Etymology_Dictionary2">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=virion |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=virion |access-date=19 December 2014 |website=The Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref> is also used to refer to a single viral particle that is released from the cell and is capable of infecting other cells of the same type. == Asalin == Ana samun ƙwayoyin cuta a duk inda rayuwa take kuma tabbas sun wanzu tun lokacin da ƙwayoyin halitta suka fara.<ref name="Iyer_2006">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Iyer LM, Balaji S, Koonin EV, Aravind L |date=April 2006 |title=Evolutionary genomics of nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1259447 |journal=Virus Research |volume=117 |issue=1 |pages=156–84 |doi=10.1016/j.virusres.2006.01.009 |pmid=16494962}}</ref> Asalin ƙwayoyin cuta ba a bayyane yake ba saboda ba sa samar da [[Fossil|burbushin halittu]], don haka ana amfani da dabarun kwayoyin don ƙaddamar da yadda suka taso.<ref name="Sanjuán_2010">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sanjuán R, Nebot MR, Chirico N, Mansky LM, Belshaw R |date=October 2010 |title=Viral mutation rates |journal=Journal of Virology |volume=84 |issue=19 |pages=9733–9748 |bibcode=2010JVir...84.9733S |doi=10.1128/JVI.00694-10 |pmc=2937809 |pmid=20660197}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, kwayoyin halitta na kwayar cuta a wasu lokuta suna haɗuwa a cikin kwayar halitta na kwayoyin da ke karɓar bakuncin, wanda za'a iya ba da su a [[Vertical transfer|tsaye]] ga zuriyar mai karɓar bakilin na tsararraki da yawa. Wannan yana ba da tushen bayanai mai mahimmanci ga masu binciken halittu don gano ƙwayoyin cuta na dā waɗanda suka wanzu tun miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata. Akwai manyan ra'ayoyi guda uku da ke da niyyar bayyana asalin ƙwayoyin cuta: <ref name="Krupovic_2019">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Krupovic M, Dolja VV, Koonin EV |date=July 2019 |title=Origin of viruses: primordial replicators recruiting capsids from hosts |url=https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-02557191/file/Krupovic_NRMICRO-19-022_MS_v3_clean.pdf |journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=449–58 |doi=10.1038/s41579-019-0205-6 |pmid=31142823 |s2cid=256744818}}</ref> ; Ra'ayi na koma baya : Kwayoyin cuta na iya kasancewa ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda suka kwace manyan ƙwayoyin cuta. A tsawon lokaci, kwayoyin halitta da ba a buƙata ta hanyar parasitised sun ɓace. Kwayoyin cuta rickettsia da chlamydia sune kwayoyin halitta masu rai waɗanda, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, zasu iya haifuwa ne kawai a cikin sel masu karɓar bakuncin. Suna ba da goyon baya ga wannan ra'ayi, saboda dogaro da su akan parasitism na iya haifar da asarar kwayoyin halitta wanda ya ba su damar rayuwa a waje da tantanin halitta. Wannan kuma ana kiransa "tsarin lalacewa", : 16 : 11 ko "tsarin raguwa". <ref name="Mahy_2009" /> : 24 {{Rp|24}} ; Tunanin asalin kwayar halitta : Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na iya samo asali ne daga ɓangarorin DNA ko RNA waɗanda suka "tsere" daga kwayoyin halitta mafi girma. DNA ɗin da ya tsere na iya fitowa daga plasmids (ƙananan DNA tsirara waɗanda zasu iya motsawa tsakanin sel) ko transposons (molecules na DNA waɗanda ke maimaitawa da motsawa zuwa wurare daban-daban a cikin kwayoyin halitta na tantanin halitta). :{{Rp|810}} Da zarar ana kiranta "jumping genes", transposons misalai ne na kwayoyin halitta masu motsi kuma na iya zama asalin wasu ƙwayoyin cuta. [[Barbara McClintock]] ce ta gano su a cikin [[masara]] a cikin 1950.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=McClintock B |date=June 1950 |title=The origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=344–55 |bibcode=1950PNAS...36..344M |doi=10.1073/pnas.36.6.344 |pmc=1063197 |pmid=15430309 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan wani lokacin ana kiransa "magana mai banƙyama", : 16 : 11-12 ko "magana ta tserewa". : 24 {{Rp|24}} ; Tunanin juyin halitta : Wannan kuma ana kiransa "viruses-first" hypothesis" : 24 kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa ƙwayoyin cuta na iya samo asali ne daga ƙwayoyin furotin da nucleic acid a lokaci guda da ƙwayoyin halitta suka fara bayyana a Duniya kuma za su dogara da rayuwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cutar su ne na miliyoyin shekaru. Viroids waɗanda ba a rarraba su a matsayin ƙwayoyin jini na ƙwayoyin halittar ƙwayoyin suna iya haifar da ƙwayoyi masu rarraba su ba. Viroutunan ƙwayoyin cututtukanƙwalwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta masu rarraba ƙwayoyin jiki na ƙwayoyi na ƙwayohin ƙwayoyin ruwa suna iya haifarwa na ƙwayowar ƙwayoyi ƙwayoyin su da ƙwayohin cuta masu ƙwayoyin kwayoyin cuta masu haɗari suna iya haifar wa ƙwayoyin kwayar cuta na ƙwayoyen ƙwayoyin halittu masu rarraba suna iya haifar.<ref name="Mahy_2009" /><ref name="Tsagris_2008">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Tsagris EM, Martínez de Alba AE, Gozmanova M, Kalantidis K |date=November 2008 |title=Viroids |journal=Cellular Microbiology |volume=10 |issue=11 |pages=2168–79 |doi=10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01231.x |pmid=18764915 |s2cid=221581424 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="La_Scola_2008">{{Cite journal |vauthors=La Scola B, Desnues C, Pagnier I, Robert C, Barrassi L, Fournous G, Merchat M, Suzan-Monti M, Forterre P, Koonin E, Raoult D |date=September 2008 |title=The virophage as a unique parasite of the giant mimivirus |journal=Nature |volume=455 |issue=7209 |pages=100–04 |bibcode=2008Natur.455..100L |doi=10.1038/nature07218 |pmid=18690211 |s2cid=4422249}}</ref> {{Rp|777}}[1]{{Rp|55}}{{Rp|55–57}} A baya, akwai matsaloli tare da duk waɗannan ra'ayoyin: ra'ayin koma baya bai bayyana dalilin da ya sa har ma da mafi ƙanƙanta na ƙwayoyin cuta ba su yi kama da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta ba; ra'ayin tserewa bai bayyana rikitarwa da sauran tsarin akan ƙwayoyin kwayar cuta ba; kuma ra'ayin kwayar cutaa-na farko ya saba wa ma'anar ƙwayoyin cutar a cikin cewa suna buƙatar ƙwayoyin karɓar bakuncin.: 24 Viruses yanzu an gane su a matsayin tsoho kuma suna da asali wanda ya riga ya bambanta da rayuwa cikin yankuna uku.<ref name="Mahy_2009" />: 28 Wannan binciken ya haifar da masu binciken ƙwayoyin cuta na zamani don sake la'akari da sake kimanta waɗannan ra'ayoyin gargajiya guda uku.<ref name="Mahy_2009" /> : 28 {{Rp|28}} Shaidar duniyar kakanninmu na kwayoyin RNA : 26 da nazarin kwamfuta na jerin kwayoyin cuta da DNA masu karɓar bakuncin suna ba da kyakkyawar fahimta game da alaƙar juyin halitta tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban kuma suna iya taimakawa wajen gano kakannin ƙwayoyin halitta na zamani. Har zuwa yau, irin waɗannan bincike ba su tabbatar da wane daga cikin waɗannan ra'ayoyin daidai ba.<ref name="Mahy_2009" />: 26 Da alama ba zai yiwu ba cewa duk ƙwayoyin cuta da aka sani a halin yanzu suna da kakanninmu ɗaya, kuma ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta sun taso sau da yawa a baya ta hanyar daya ko fiye da hanyoyin. == Ilimin halittu == === Bincike === Shaidar farko game da kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta ta fito ne daga gwaje-gwaje tare da matattarar da ke da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta don riƙe ƙwayoyin cutar. A shekara ta 1892, Dmitri Ivanovsky ya yi amfani da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan matattarar don nuna cewa sap daga tsire-tsire masu fama da taba ya kasance mai kamuwa da cuta ga tsire-tire masu lafiya duk da cewa an tace su.<ref name="pmid36291572">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Zerbini FM, Kitajima EW |date=September 2022 |title=From Contagium vivum fluidum to Riboviria: A Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Centric History of Virus Taxonomy |journal=Biomolecules |volume=12 |issue=10 |page=1363 |doi=10.3390/biom12101363 |pmc=9599303 |pmid=36291572 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Martinus Beijerinck ya gano kwayar cutar taba a cikin 1898. : 4 Ya kira mai tacewa, mai kamuwa da cuta "kwayar cuta", kuma wannan binciken an dauke shi farkon ilmin kwayar cuta. Binciken da ya biyo baya da kuma wani ɓangare na Kwayoyin cuta ta Frederick Twort da Félix d'Herelle sun kara haɓaka filin, kuma a farkon karni na 20 an gano ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta da yawa. A cikin 1926, Thomas Milton Rivers ya bayyana ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta. An nuna ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin barbashi, maimakon ruwa, ta hanyar Wendell Meredith Stanley, kuma kirkirar microscope na lantarki a cikin 1931 ya ba da damar ganin tsarin su mai rikitarwa. === Abubuwan rayuwa === Ra'ayoyin kimiyya sun bambanta kan ko ƙwayoyin cuta wani nau'i ne na rayuwa ko tsarin kwayoyin da ke hulɗa da kwayoyin halitta masu rai.<ref name="Koonin_2016" /> An bayyana su a matsayin "kayan halitta a gefen rayuwa", tunda suna kama da kwayoyin halitta saboda suna da kwayoyin halittar halitta, suna samo asali ne ta hanyar Zaɓin halitta, <ref name="Rybicki_1990" /> kuma suna haifuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kwafin kansu da yawa ta hanyar haɗuwa da kansu.<ref name="Holmes_2007">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Holmes EC |date=October 2007 |title=Viral evolution in the genomic age |journal=PLOS Biology |volume=5 |issue=10 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0050278 |pmc=1994994 |pmid=17914905 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kodayake suna da kwayoyin halitta, ba su da tsarin tantanin halitta, wanda galibi ana ganinsa a matsayin ainihin rayuwar rayuwa. Kwayoyin cuta ba su da nasu metabolism kuma suna buƙatar tantanin halitta don yin sabbin kayayyaki. Saboda haka ba za su iya haifuwa ta halitta a waje da tantanin halitta ba - kodayake wasu ƙwayoyin cuta kamar rickettsia da chlamydia ana ɗaukar su rayayyun halittu duk da wannan iyakancewa. <ref name="Wimmer_2009">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wimmer E, Mueller S, Tumpey TM, Taubenberger JK |date=December 2009 |title=Synthetic viruses: a new opportunity to understand and prevent viral disease |journal=Nature Biotechnology |volume=27 |issue=12 |pages=1163–72 |doi=10.1038/nbt.1593 |pmc=2819212 |pmid=20010599}}</ref><ref name="Horn_2008">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Horn M |year=2008 |title=Chlamydiae as symbionts in eukaryotes |journal=Annual Review of Microbiology |volume=62 |pages=113–31 |doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.162818 |pmid=18473699}}</ref><ref name="pmid30448253">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Diop A, Raoult D, Fournier PE |date=February 2019 |title=Paradoxical evolution of rickettsial genomes |journal=Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=462–469 |doi=10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.11.007 |pmid=30448253}}</ref> Hanyoyin da aka yarda da su na rayuwa suna amfani da rarrabawar tantanin halitta don haifuwa, yayin da ƙwayoyin cuta ke tattare a cikin sel. Sun bambanta da ci gaban lu'ulu'u masu cin gashin kansu yayin da suke gajiyar maye gurbi kwayoyin halitta yayin da suke ƙarƙashin zaɓin halitta. Haɗin kai na kwayar cuta a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta yana da tasiri ga nazarin asalin rayuwa, yayin da yake ba da ƙarin tabbaci ga ra'ayin cewa rayuwa na iya farawa a matsayin kwayoyin halitta masu haɗuwa.<ref name="Koonin_2006" /> Misali na Virocell, wanda Patrick Forterre ya fara gabatar da shi, ya ɗauki kwayar cutar ta zama "nau'in rayuwa" na ƙwayoyin cuta kuma cewa ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta (virions) suna kama da ƙwayoyin. Kodayake muhawara mai rai da wadanda ba masu rai ba ta ci gaba, tsarin virocell ya sami karbuwa.<ref name="pmid34522049">{{Cite journal |vauthors=DeLong JP, Al-Sammak MA, Al-Ameeli ZT, Dunigan DD, Edwards KF, Fuhrmann JJ, Gleghorn JP, Li H, Haramoto K, Harrison AO, Marston MF, Moore RM, Polson SW, Ferrell BD, Salsbery ME, Schvarcz CR, Shirazi J, Steward GF, Van Etten JL, Wommack KE |date=February 2022 |title=Towards an integrative view of virus phenotypes |journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=83–94 |doi=10.1038/s41579-021-00612-w |pmid=34522049}}</ref> === Tsarinsa === Kwayoyin cuta suna nuna bambancin girma da siffofi, wanda ake kira morphologies. Gabaɗaya, ƙwayoyin cuta sun fi ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta ƙwayoyin cutar ƙwayoyin cututtukan ƙwayoyin jini fiye da dubu ɗaya za su shiga cikin kwayar cutar ''Escherichia coli''.: 98 Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta da aka yi nazari suna da siffar ƙira kuma suna da diamita tsakanin 20 zuwa 300 nanometers. Wasu Filoviruses, waɗanda filaments ne, suna da jimlar tsawon har zuwa 1400 nm; diamitainsu kusan 80 nm ne kawai.&nbsp;&nbsp;: 33-55 Ba za a iya ganin mafi yawan ƙwayoyin cuta ba tare da microscope na gani ba, don haka ana amfani da microscopes na lantarki don ganin su.: 33-37 Don kara bambancin tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta da bango, ana amfani da tabo mai yawa na lantarki. Wadannan sune mafita na gishiri na ƙarfe mai nauyi, kamar tungsten, wanda ke watsar da electrons daga yankunan da aka rufe da tabo. Lokacin da aka rufe virions da tabo (mahimmanci mai kyau), ana rufe cikakkun bayanai. Rashin lalacewa yana shawo kan wannan matsala ta hanyar canza bango kawai.<ref name="Kiselev_1990">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kiselev NA, Sherman MB, Tsuprun VL |year=1990 |title=Negative staining of proteins |journal=Electron Microscopy Reviews |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=43–72 |doi=10.1016/0892-0354(90)90013-I |pmid=1715774}}</ref> Cikakken kwayar cuta, wanda aka sani da virion, ya ƙunshi nucleic acid wanda ke kewaye da murfin kariya na furotin da ake kira Capsid. Wadannan an kafa su ne daga subunits na furotin da ake kira Capsomers . : 40 Kwayoyin cuta na iya samun "envelope" mai laushi wanda aka samo daga membrane na tantanin halitta. An yi capsid ne daga sunadarai da kwayar cutar ta tsara kuma siffarsa tana aiki a matsayin tushen bambancin morphological.<ref name="Caspar_1962">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Caspar DL, Klug A |year=1962 |title=Physical principles in the construction of regular viruses |journal=Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology |volume=27 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1101/sqb.1962.027.001.005 |pmid=14019094}}</ref><ref name="Crick_1956">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Crick FH, Watson JD |date=March 1956 |title=Structure of small viruses |journal=Nature |volume=177 |issue=4506 |pages=473–75 |bibcode=1956Natur.177..473C |doi=10.1038/177473a0 |pmid=13309339 |s2cid=5740221}}</ref> Ƙungiyoyin furotin masu ƙwayoyin cuta za su haɗu da kansu don samar da capsid, gabaɗaya suna buƙatar kasancewar kwayar cutar. Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu rikitarwa don sunadarai waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen gina capsid ɗin su. An san sunadarai da ke da alaƙa da nucleic acid a matsayin nucleoproteins, kuma haɗin sunadarai na capsid na kwayar cuta tare da nucleic acid na kwayar cutar ana kiranta nucleocapsid. Ana iya bincika capsid da dukan tsarin kwayar cuta ta hanyar inji (a zahiri) ta hanyar microscopy na ƙarfin atom. <ref name="Falvo_1997">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Falvo MR, Washburn S, Superfine R, Finch M, Brooks FP, Chi V, Taylor RM |date=March 1997 |title=Manipulation of individual viruses: friction and mechanical properties |journal=Biophysical Journal |volume=72 |issue=3 |pages=1396–403 |bibcode=1997BpJ....72.1396F |doi=10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78786-1 |pmc=1184522 |pmid=9138585}}</ref><ref name="Kuznetsov_2001">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kuznetsov YG, Malkin AJ, Lucas RW, Plomp M, McPherson A |date=September 2001 |title=Imaging of viruses by atomic force microscopy |journal=The Journal of General Virology |volume=82 |issue=Pt 9 |pages=2025–34 |doi=10.1099/0022-1317-82-9-2025 |pmid=11514711 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Gabaɗaya, akwai manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar: == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m4e59ljwy5ygjxxcwl22z1twn6s5sdq 967631 967629 2026-10-14T19:46:03Z Galadanchi123 50022 967631 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''kwayar cuta''' ce mai kamuwa da cuta ta submicroscopic wacce ke sake maimaitawa ne kawai a cikin sel masu rai na kwayar halitta. kwayoyin cuta sun kamu da dukkan nau'ikan rayuwa, daga dabbobi da tsire-tsire zuwa microorganisms, gami da [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]] da archaea.<ref name="Koonin_2006">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Koonin EV, Senkevich TG, Dolja VV |date=September 2006 |title=The ancient Virus World and evolution of cells |journal=Biology Direct |volume=1 |issue=1 |page=29 |doi=10.1186/1745-6150-1-29 |pmc=1594570 |pmid=16984643 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana samun ƙwayoyin cuta a kusan kowane tsarin halittu a Duniya kuma sune mafi yawan nau'ikan halittu. <ref name="Lawrence_2009">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lawrence CM, Menon S, Eilers BJ, Bothner B, Khayat R, Douglas T, Young MJ |date=May 2009 |title=Structural and functional studies of archaeal viruses |journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=284 |issue=19 |pages=12599–603 |doi=10.1074/jbc.R800078200 |pmc=2675988 |pmid=19158076 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Edwards RA, Rohwer F |date=June 2005 |title=Viral metagenomics |journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=504–10 |doi=10.1038/nrmicro1163 |pmid=15886693 |s2cid=8059643}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka fara gano kwayar cutar, kwayar cutar mosaic, a cikin shekarun 1890, an bayyana fiye da 16,000 na miliyoyin nau'ikan kwayar cutar dalla-dalla.<ref name="ictv_2024">{{Cite web |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy |access-date=10 March 2025 |website=talk.ictvonline.org |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses}}</ref><ref name="Breitbart_2005">{{Cite journal |author-link=Mya Breitbart |vauthors=Breitbart M, Rohwer F |date=June 2005 |title=Here a virus, there a virus, everywhere the same virus? |journal=Trends in Microbiology |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=278–84 |doi=10.1016/j.tim.2005.04.003 |pmid=15936660}}</ref> Nazarin ƙwayoyin cuta an san shi da virology, wani nau'i na microbiology. Lokacin da aka kamu da cutar, ana tilasta wa tantanin halitta ya samar da dubban kwafin kwayar cutar ta asali cikin sauri. Lokacin da ba a cikin tantanin halitta mai kamuwa da cuta ba ko kuma a cikin aiwatar da kamuwa da kwayar halitta, ƙwayoyin cuta suna cikin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta masu zaman kansu, ko virions, waɗanda suka ƙunshi (i) kayan kwayar halitta masu tsawo, ''watau'', kwayoyin DNA ko RNA waɗanda ke ƙunshe da tsarin sunadarai waɗanda ƙwayoyin cutar ke aiki; (ii) furotin, ''Capsid'', wanda ke kewaye da kare kayan kwayar cuta; kuma a wasu lokuta (iii) envelope na waje na lipids. Siffofin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta sun fito ne daga nau'ikan Helical da Icosahedral masu sauƙi zuwa tsarin da ya fi rikitarwa. Yawancin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta da ba za a iya gani ba tare da microscope na gani kuma suna da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na girman yawancin ƙwayoyin cutar. Asalin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tarihin juyin halitta na rayuwa har yanzu ba a bayyane yake ba. Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na iya samo asali ne daga plasmids, waɗanda su ne ɓangarorin DNA waɗanda zasu iya motsawa tsakanin sel. Sauran ƙwayoyin cuta na iya samo asali ne daga ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta. A cikin juyin halitta, ƙwayoyin cuta wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci ta canja wurin kwayar halitta a kwance, wanda ke kara bambancin kwayar halitta ta hanyar da ta yi kama da haihuwar jima'i.<ref name="Canchaya_2003">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Canchaya C, Fournous G, Chibani-Chennoufi S, Dillmann ML, Brüssow H |date=August 2003 |title=Phage as agents of lateral gene transfer |journal=Current Opinion in Microbiology |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=417–24 |doi=10.1016/S1369-5274(03)00086-9 |pmid=12941415}}</ref> Wasu masana kimiyyar halittu suna ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin nau'in rayuwa, saboda suna ɗauke da kayan kwayar halitta, haifuwa, kuma suna canzawa ta hanyar Zaɓin halitta, kodayake ba su da wasu mahimman halaye, kamar tsarin tantanin halitta, waɗanda galibi ana ɗaukar su ƙa'idodin da suka dace don bayyana rayuwa. Saboda suna da wasu amma ba duk irin waɗannan halaye ba, an bayyana ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin "kwararrun halittu a gefen rayuwa" kuma a matsayin masu maimaitawa. <ref name="Rybicki_1990">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Rybicki EP |year=1990 |title=The classification of organisms at the edge of life, or problems with virus systematics |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=86 |pages=182–86}}</ref><ref name="Koonin_2016">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Koonin EV, Starokadomskyy P |date=October 2016 |title=Are viruses alive? The replicator paradigm sheds decisive light on an old but misguided question |journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences |volume=59 |pages=125–34 |doi=10.1016/j.shpsc.2016.02.016 |pmc=5406846 |pmid=26965225}}</ref> [[Yaduwar kwayar cuta|Kwayoyin cuta sun bazu]] a hanyoyi da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin watsawa ta hanyar kwayoyin da ke dauke da cututtuka da aka sani da [[Mai yaduwar cuta|vectors]]: alal misali, ƙwayoyin cuta galibi ana watsa su daga shuka zuwa shuka ta kwari da ke cinye ruwan shuka, kamar aphids; kuma ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin a cikin dabbobi na iya ɗaukar su ta hanyar kwari masu shan jini. Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta suna yaduwa [[Cutar dake yadu wa ta iska|a cikin iska]] ta hanyar tari da tari, gami da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cutar mura, [[SARS-CoV-2]], chickenpox, kyanda, da kyanda. Norovirus da Rutavirus, abubuwan da ke haifar da [[Gastroenteritis]] na kwayar cuta, ana watsa su ta hanyar hanyar magunguna, ta hanyar hulɗa ta hannu da baki ko a cikin abinci ko ruwa. Rashin kamuwa da cutar norovirus da ake buƙata don samar da kamuwa da cuta a cikin mutane ƙasa da barbashi 100.<ref name="Robilotti_2015">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Robilotti E, Deresinski S, Pinsky BA |date=January 2015 |title=Norovirus |journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=134–64 |bibcode=2015CliMR..28..134R |doi=10.1128/CMR.00075-14 |pmc=4284304 |pmid=25567225}}</ref> HIV yana daya daga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa da aka watsa ta hanyar jima'i da kuma [[Cutar da ke yaduwa da jini|bayyanar jini mai kamuwa da cuta]]. Nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayar cuta za ta iya kamuwa da su ana kiransu kewayon mahalarta: wannan ƙanƙanta ne ga ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da suka ƙware don kamuwa da wasu nau'o'i kawai, ko kuma ga ƙwayoyan cuta da ke iya kamuwa.{{Rp|123–124}} Cutar kwayar cuta a cikin dabbobi tana haifar da amsawar rigakafi wanda yawanci ke kawar da kwayar cutar. Hakanan ana iya samar da magungunan rigakafi ta hanyar allurar rigakafi, wanda ke ba da rigakafin da aka samu ta wucin gadi ga takamaiman kamuwa da kwayar cuta. Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da waɗanda ke haifar da HIV / AIDS, kamuwa da Cutar HPV, da cutar hepatitis, suna guje wa waɗannan magungunan rigakafi kuma suna haifar da cututtukan cututtuka. An kirkiro nau'ikan Magungunan rigakafi da yawa kuma ana amfani da magungunan kashe kwayar cuta kusan 100 ko haɗuwa da su a duk duniya. == Magana == The English word "virus" comes from the [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] word vīrus, which refers to [[Dafi|poison]] and other noxious liquids. {{Lang|la|Vīrus}} comes from the same [[Harsunan Indo-Turai|Indo-European]] root as [[Sanskrit]] {{Lang|sa|वि॒ष}} ({{Transl|sa|viṣá}}), and Ancient Greek {{Lang|grc|ἰός}} ({{Transl|grc|iós}}), which all mean 'poison'. The first attested use of "virus" in English appeared in 1398 in John Trevisa's translation of Bartholomeus Anglicus's {{Lang|la|De Proprietatibus Rerum}}.<ref name="Etymology_Dictionary">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=virus |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=virus |access-date=19 December 2014 |website=The Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref> ''Virulent'', from Latin {{Lang|la|virulentus}} ('poisonous'), dates to {{Circa|1400}}.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=virulent |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=virulent |access-date=19 December 2014 |website=The Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref> A meaning of 'agent that causes infectious disease' is first recorded in 1728,<ref name="Etymology_Dictionary" /> long before the discovery of viruses by Martinus Beijerinck and Dmitri Ivanovsky in the late 19th century. The English plural is ''viruses'' (sometimes also ''vira''), whereas the Latin word is a mass noun, which has no classically attested plural ({{Lang|la|vīra}} is used in Neo-Latin). The adjective ''viral'' dates to 1948.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=viral |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=viral |access-date=19 December 2014 |website=The Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref> The term ''virion'' (plural ''virions''), which dates from 1959,<ref name="Etymology_Dictionary2">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=virion |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=virion |access-date=19 December 2014 |website=The Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref> is also used to refer to a single viral particle that is released from the cell and is capable of infecting other cells of the same type. == Asalin == Ana samun ƙwayoyin cuta a duk inda rayuwa take kuma tabbas sun wanzu tun lokacin da ƙwayoyin halitta suka fara.<ref name="Iyer_2006">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Iyer LM, Balaji S, Koonin EV, Aravind L |date=April 2006 |title=Evolutionary genomics of nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1259447 |journal=Virus Research |volume=117 |issue=1 |pages=156–84 |doi=10.1016/j.virusres.2006.01.009 |pmid=16494962}}</ref> Asalin ƙwayoyin cuta ba a bayyane yake ba saboda ba sa samar da [[Fossil|burbushin halittu]], don haka ana amfani da dabarun kwayoyin don ƙaddamar da yadda suka taso.<ref name="Sanjuán_2010">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sanjuán R, Nebot MR, Chirico N, Mansky LM, Belshaw R |date=October 2010 |title=Viral mutation rates |journal=Journal of Virology |volume=84 |issue=19 |pages=9733–9748 |bibcode=2010JVir...84.9733S |doi=10.1128/JVI.00694-10 |pmc=2937809 |pmid=20660197}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, kwayoyin halitta na kwayar cuta a wasu lokuta suna haɗuwa a cikin kwayar halitta na kwayoyin da ke karɓar bakuncin, wanda za'a iya ba da su a [[Vertical transfer|tsaye]] ga zuriyar mai karɓar bakilin na tsararraki da yawa. Wannan yana ba da tushen bayanai mai mahimmanci ga masu binciken halittu don gano ƙwayoyin cuta na dā waɗanda suka wanzu tun miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata. Akwai manyan ra'ayoyi guda uku da ke da niyyar bayyana asalin ƙwayoyin cuta: <ref name="Krupovic_2019">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Krupovic M, Dolja VV, Koonin EV |date=July 2019 |title=Origin of viruses: primordial replicators recruiting capsids from hosts |url=https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-02557191/file/Krupovic_NRMICRO-19-022_MS_v3_clean.pdf |journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=449–58 |doi=10.1038/s41579-019-0205-6 |pmid=31142823 |s2cid=256744818}}</ref> ; Ra'ayi na koma baya : Kwayoyin cuta na iya kasancewa ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda suka kwace manyan ƙwayoyin cuta. A tsawon lokaci, kwayoyin halitta da ba a buƙata ta hanyar parasitised sun ɓace. Kwayoyin cuta rickettsia da chlamydia sune kwayoyin halitta masu rai waɗanda, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, zasu iya haifuwa ne kawai a cikin sel masu karɓar bakuncin. Suna ba da goyon baya ga wannan ra'ayi, saboda dogaro da su akan parasitism na iya haifar da asarar kwayoyin halitta wanda ya ba su damar rayuwa a waje da tantanin halitta. Wannan kuma ana kiransa "tsarin lalacewa", : 16 : 11 ko "tsarin raguwa". <ref name="Mahy_2009" /> : 24 {{Rp|24}} ; Tunanin asalin kwayar halitta : Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na iya samo asali ne daga ɓangarorin DNA ko RNA waɗanda suka "tsere" daga kwayoyin halitta mafi girma. DNA ɗin da ya tsere na iya fitowa daga plasmids (ƙananan DNA tsirara waɗanda zasu iya motsawa tsakanin sel) ko transposons (molecules na DNA waɗanda ke maimaitawa da motsawa zuwa wurare daban-daban a cikin kwayoyin halitta na tantanin halitta). :{{Rp|810}} Da zarar ana kiranta "jumping genes", transposons misalai ne na kwayoyin halitta masu motsi kuma na iya zama asalin wasu ƙwayoyin cuta. [[Barbara McClintock]] ce ta gano su a cikin [[masara]] a cikin 1950.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=McClintock B |date=June 1950 |title=The origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=344–55 |bibcode=1950PNAS...36..344M |doi=10.1073/pnas.36.6.344 |pmc=1063197 |pmid=15430309 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan wani lokacin ana kiransa "magana mai banƙyama", : 16 : 11-12 ko "magana ta tserewa". : 24 {{Rp|24}} ; Tunanin juyin halitta : Wannan kuma ana kiransa "viruses-first" hypothesis" : 24 kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa ƙwayoyin cuta na iya samo asali ne daga ƙwayoyin furotin da nucleic acid a lokaci guda da ƙwayoyin halitta suka fara bayyana a Duniya kuma za su dogara da rayuwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cutar su ne na miliyoyin shekaru. Viroids waɗanda ba a rarraba su a matsayin ƙwayoyin jini na ƙwayoyin halittar ƙwayoyin suna iya haifar da ƙwayoyi masu rarraba su ba. Viroutunan ƙwayoyin cututtukanƙwalwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta masu rarraba ƙwayoyin jiki na ƙwayoyi na ƙwayohin ƙwayoyin ruwa suna iya haifarwa na ƙwayowar ƙwayoyi ƙwayoyin su da ƙwayohin cuta masu ƙwayoyin kwayoyin cuta masu haɗari suna iya haifar wa ƙwayoyin kwayar cuta na ƙwayoyen ƙwayoyin halittu masu rarraba suna iya haifar.<ref name="Mahy_2009" /><ref name="Tsagris_2008">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Tsagris EM, Martínez de Alba AE, Gozmanova M, Kalantidis K |date=November 2008 |title=Viroids |journal=Cellular Microbiology |volume=10 |issue=11 |pages=2168–79 |doi=10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01231.x |pmid=18764915 |s2cid=221581424 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="La_Scola_2008">{{Cite journal |vauthors=La Scola B, Desnues C, Pagnier I, Robert C, Barrassi L, Fournous G, Merchat M, Suzan-Monti M, Forterre P, Koonin E, Raoult D |date=September 2008 |title=The virophage as a unique parasite of the giant mimivirus |journal=Nature |volume=455 |issue=7209 |pages=100–04 |bibcode=2008Natur.455..100L |doi=10.1038/nature07218 |pmid=18690211 |s2cid=4422249}}</ref> {{Rp|777}}[1]{{Rp|55}}{{Rp|55–57}} A baya, akwai matsaloli tare da duk waɗannan ra'ayoyin: ra'ayin koma baya bai bayyana dalilin da ya sa har ma da mafi ƙanƙanta na ƙwayoyin cuta ba su yi kama da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta ba; ra'ayin tserewa bai bayyana rikitarwa da sauran tsarin akan ƙwayoyin kwayar cuta ba; kuma ra'ayin kwayar cutaa-na farko ya saba wa ma'anar ƙwayoyin cutar a cikin cewa suna buƙatar ƙwayoyin karɓar bakuncin.: 24 Viruses yanzu an gane su a matsayin tsoho kuma suna da asali wanda ya riga ya bambanta da rayuwa cikin yankuna uku.<ref name="Mahy_2009" />: 28 Wannan binciken ya haifar da masu binciken ƙwayoyin cuta na zamani don sake la'akari da sake kimanta waɗannan ra'ayoyin gargajiya guda uku.<ref name="Mahy_2009" /> : 28 {{Rp|28}} Shaidar duniyar kakanninmu na kwayoyin RNA : 26 da nazarin kwamfuta na jerin kwayoyin cuta da DNA masu karɓar bakuncin suna ba da kyakkyawar fahimta game da alaƙar juyin halitta tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban kuma suna iya taimakawa wajen gano kakannin ƙwayoyin halitta na zamani. Har zuwa yau, irin waɗannan bincike ba su tabbatar da wane daga cikin waɗannan ra'ayoyin daidai ba.<ref name="Mahy_2009" />: 26 Da alama ba zai yiwu ba cewa duk ƙwayoyin cuta da aka sani a halin yanzu suna da kakanninmu ɗaya, kuma ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta sun taso sau da yawa a baya ta hanyar daya ko fiye da hanyoyin. == Ilimin halittu == === Bincike === Shaidar farko game da kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta ta fito ne daga gwaje-gwaje tare da matattarar da ke da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta don riƙe ƙwayoyin cutar. A shekara ta 1892, Dmitri Ivanovsky ya yi amfani da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan matattarar don nuna cewa sap daga tsire-tsire masu fama da taba ya kasance mai kamuwa da cuta ga tsire-tire masu lafiya duk da cewa an tace su.<ref name="pmid36291572">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Zerbini FM, Kitajima EW |date=September 2022 |title=From Contagium vivum fluidum to Riboviria: A Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Centric History of Virus Taxonomy |journal=Biomolecules |volume=12 |issue=10 |page=1363 |doi=10.3390/biom12101363 |pmc=9599303 |pmid=36291572 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Martinus Beijerinck ya gano kwayar cutar taba a cikin 1898. : 4 Ya kira mai tacewa, mai kamuwa da cuta "kwayar cuta", kuma wannan binciken an dauke shi farkon ilmin kwayar cuta. Binciken da ya biyo baya da kuma wani ɓangare na Kwayoyin cuta ta Frederick Twort da Félix d'Herelle sun kara haɓaka filin, kuma a farkon karni na 20 an gano ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta da yawa. A cikin 1926, Thomas Milton Rivers ya bayyana ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta. An nuna ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin barbashi, maimakon ruwa, ta hanyar Wendell Meredith Stanley, kuma kirkirar microscope na lantarki a cikin 1931 ya ba da damar ganin tsarin su mai rikitarwa. === Abubuwan rayuwa === Ra'ayoyin kimiyya sun bambanta kan ko ƙwayoyin cuta wani nau'i ne na rayuwa ko tsarin kwayoyin da ke hulɗa da kwayoyin halitta masu rai.<ref name="Koonin_2016" /> An bayyana su a matsayin "kayan halitta a gefen rayuwa", tunda suna kama da kwayoyin halitta saboda suna da kwayoyin halittar halitta, suna samo asali ne ta hanyar Zaɓin halitta, <ref name="Rybicki_1990" /> kuma suna haifuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kwafin kansu da yawa ta hanyar haɗuwa da kansu.<ref name="Holmes_2007">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Holmes EC |date=October 2007 |title=Viral evolution in the genomic age |journal=PLOS Biology |volume=5 |issue=10 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0050278 |pmc=1994994 |pmid=17914905 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kodayake suna da kwayoyin halitta, ba su da tsarin tantanin halitta, wanda galibi ana ganinsa a matsayin ainihin rayuwar rayuwa. Kwayoyin cuta ba su da nasu metabolism kuma suna buƙatar tantanin halitta don yin sabbin kayayyaki. Saboda haka ba za su iya haifuwa ta halitta a waje da tantanin halitta ba - kodayake wasu ƙwayoyin cuta kamar rickettsia da chlamydia ana ɗaukar su rayayyun halittu duk da wannan iyakancewa. <ref name="Wimmer_2009">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wimmer E, Mueller S, Tumpey TM, Taubenberger JK |date=December 2009 |title=Synthetic viruses: a new opportunity to understand and prevent viral disease |journal=Nature Biotechnology |volume=27 |issue=12 |pages=1163–72 |doi=10.1038/nbt.1593 |pmc=2819212 |pmid=20010599}}</ref><ref name="Horn_2008">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Horn M |year=2008 |title=Chlamydiae as symbionts in eukaryotes |journal=Annual Review of Microbiology |volume=62 |pages=113–31 |doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.162818 |pmid=18473699}}</ref><ref name="pmid30448253">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Diop A, Raoult D, Fournier PE |date=February 2019 |title=Paradoxical evolution of rickettsial genomes |journal=Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=462–469 |doi=10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.11.007 |pmid=30448253}}</ref> Hanyoyin da aka yarda da su na rayuwa suna amfani da rarrabawar tantanin halitta don haifuwa, yayin da ƙwayoyin cuta ke tattare a cikin sel. Sun bambanta da ci gaban lu'ulu'u masu cin gashin kansu yayin da suke gajiyar maye gurbi kwayoyin halitta yayin da suke ƙarƙashin zaɓin halitta. Haɗin kai na kwayar cuta a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta yana da tasiri ga nazarin asalin rayuwa, yayin da yake ba da ƙarin tabbaci ga ra'ayin cewa rayuwa na iya farawa a matsayin kwayoyin halitta masu haɗuwa.<ref name="Koonin_2006" /> Misali na Virocell, wanda Patrick Forterre ya fara gabatar da shi, ya ɗauki kwayar cutar ta zama "nau'in rayuwa" na ƙwayoyin cuta kuma cewa ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta (virions) suna kama da ƙwayoyin. Kodayake muhawara mai rai da wadanda ba masu rai ba ta ci gaba, tsarin virocell ya sami karbuwa.<ref name="pmid34522049">{{Cite journal |vauthors=DeLong JP, Al-Sammak MA, Al-Ameeli ZT, Dunigan DD, Edwards KF, Fuhrmann JJ, Gleghorn JP, Li H, Haramoto K, Harrison AO, Marston MF, Moore RM, Polson SW, Ferrell BD, Salsbery ME, Schvarcz CR, Shirazi J, Steward GF, Van Etten JL, Wommack KE |date=February 2022 |title=Towards an integrative view of virus phenotypes |journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=83–94 |doi=10.1038/s41579-021-00612-w |pmid=34522049}}</ref> === Tsarinsa === Kwayoyin cuta suna nuna bambancin girma da siffofi, wanda ake kira morphologies. Gabaɗaya, ƙwayoyin cuta sun fi ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta ƙwayoyin cutar ƙwayoyin cututtukan ƙwayoyin jini fiye da dubu ɗaya za su shiga cikin kwayar cutar ''Escherichia coli''.: 98 Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta da aka yi nazari suna da siffar ƙira kuma suna da diamita tsakanin 20 zuwa 300 nanometers. Wasu Filoviruses, waɗanda filaments ne, suna da jimlar tsawon har zuwa 1400 nm; diamitainsu kusan 80 nm ne kawai.&nbsp;&nbsp;: 33-55 Ba za a iya ganin mafi yawan ƙwayoyin cuta ba tare da microscope na gani ba, don haka ana amfani da microscopes na lantarki don ganin su.: 33-37 Don kara bambancin tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta da bango, ana amfani da tabo mai yawa na lantarki. Wadannan sune mafita na gishiri na ƙarfe mai nauyi, kamar tungsten, wanda ke watsar da electrons daga yankunan da aka rufe da tabo. Lokacin da aka rufe virions da tabo (mahimmanci mai kyau), ana rufe cikakkun bayanai. Rashin lalacewa yana shawo kan wannan matsala ta hanyar canza bango kawai.<ref name="Kiselev_1990">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kiselev NA, Sherman MB, Tsuprun VL |year=1990 |title=Negative staining of proteins |journal=Electron Microscopy Reviews |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=43–72 |doi=10.1016/0892-0354(90)90013-I |pmid=1715774}}</ref> Cikakken kwayar cuta, wanda aka sani da virion, ya ƙunshi nucleic acid wanda ke kewaye da murfin kariya na furotin da ake kira Capsid. Wadannan an kafa su ne daga subunits na furotin da ake kira Capsomers . : 40 Kwayoyin cuta na iya samun "envelope" mai laushi wanda aka samo daga membrane na tantanin halitta. An yi capsid ne daga sunadarai da kwayar cutar ta tsara kuma siffarsa tana aiki a matsayin tushen bambancin morphological.<ref name="Caspar_1962">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Caspar DL, Klug A |year=1962 |title=Physical principles in the construction of regular viruses |journal=Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology |volume=27 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1101/sqb.1962.027.001.005 |pmid=14019094}}</ref><ref name="Crick_1956">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Crick FH, Watson JD |date=March 1956 |title=Structure of small viruses |journal=Nature |volume=177 |issue=4506 |pages=473–75 |bibcode=1956Natur.177..473C |doi=10.1038/177473a0 |pmid=13309339 |s2cid=5740221}}</ref> Ƙungiyoyin furotin masu ƙwayoyin cuta za su haɗu da kansu don samar da capsid, gabaɗaya suna buƙatar kasancewar kwayar cutar. Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu rikitarwa don sunadarai waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen gina capsid ɗin su. An san sunadarai da ke da alaƙa da nucleic acid a matsayin nucleoproteins, kuma haɗin sunadarai na capsid na kwayar cuta tare da nucleic acid na kwayar cutar ana kiranta nucleocapsid. Ana iya bincika capsid da dukan tsarin kwayar cuta ta hanyar inji (a zahiri) ta hanyar microscopy na ƙarfin atom. <ref name="Falvo_1997">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Falvo MR, Washburn S, Superfine R, Finch M, Brooks FP, Chi V, Taylor RM |date=March 1997 |title=Manipulation of individual viruses: friction and mechanical properties |journal=Biophysical Journal |volume=72 |issue=3 |pages=1396–403 |bibcode=1997BpJ....72.1396F |doi=10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78786-1 |pmc=1184522 |pmid=9138585}}</ref><ref name="Kuznetsov_2001">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kuznetsov YG, Malkin AJ, Lucas RW, Plomp M, McPherson A |date=September 2001 |title=Imaging of viruses by atomic force microscopy |journal=The Journal of General Virology |volume=82 |issue=Pt 9 |pages=2025–34 |doi=10.1099/0022-1317-82-9-2025 |pmid=11514711 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Gabaɗaya, akwai manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar: == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 17tzpzmnfvraib0a0vzhgegv8skeq0k Membrane na tantanin halitta 0 179245 967632 2026-10-14T19:48:07Z Galadanchi123 50022 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379640061|Cell membrane]]" 967632 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  [[File:Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_4.svg|thumb|469x469px|Hoton kwayar halitta ta eukaryotic]] [[File:Celltypes.svg|thumb|400x400px|Kwatanta eukaryote da prokaryote.]] '''membrane na tantanin halitta''' (wanda aka fi sani da membrane na plasma ko '''Membrane na cytoplasmic''', kuma a tarihi ana kiransa da '''plasmalemma''') membrane ne na halitta wanda ke raba da kare ciki na tantanin halittar daga yanayin waje (sararin waje).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cell Membranes |url=http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220092155/http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html |archive-date=2018-02-20 |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=users.rcn.com}}</ref> Membrane na tantanin halitta shine lipid bilayer, yawanci ya kunshi phospholipids da glycolipids; eukaryotes da wasu archaea yawanci suna da sterols (kamar [[cholesterol]] a cikin dabbobi) da aka rarraba tsakanin su, kiyaye isasshen ruwa na membrane a yanayin zafi daban-daban. Membrane kuma ya ƙunshi sunadarai na membrane, gami da sunadarai masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke ratsa membrane kuma suna aiki a matsayin masu jigilar kaya, da sunadarin sunadarai waɗanda ke haɗe da farfajiyar membrane, suna aiki azaman enzymes don sauƙaƙa hulɗa tare da yanayin tantanin halitta.<ref name="Herrmann-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Tom Herrmann |last2=Sandeep Sharma |date=March 2, 2019 |title=Physiology, Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538211/ |journal=StatPearls |location=1 SIU School of Medicine 2 Baptist Regional Medical Center |pmid=30855799}}</ref> Glycolipids da aka saka a cikin layin lipid na waje suna aiki da irin wannan dalili. Membrane na tantanin halitta yana sarrafa motsi na abubuwa a ciki da waje na tantanin halittar, yana iya shiga cikin ions da kwayoyin halitta.[1] Bugu da kari, membranes na tantanin halitta suna da hannu a cikin matakai daban-daban na salula kamar mannewar tantanin halitta, ion conductivity, da siginar tantanin halitta kuma suna aiki a matsayin faɗin haɗe don tsarin extracellular da yawa, gami da bangon tantanin halitta da murfin sel na carbohydrate da ake kira glycocalyx, da kuma cibiyar sadarwa ta intracellular na fiber protein da ake kira cytoskeleton. A fagen ilmin halitta na roba, ana iya sake haɗa membranes na sel ta hanyar wucin gadi.[2][3][4][5] == Tarihi ==   Binciken da Robert Hooke ya yi game da sel a cikin 1665 ya haifar da gabatarwar ka'idar sel. Da farko an yi imanin cewa duk sel ɗin suna ƙunshe da bango mai wuya tun lokacin da za'a iya lura da ƙwayoyin shuke-shuke ne kawai a lokacin.<ref name="Lombard-2014">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lombard J |date=December 2014 |title=Once upon a time the cell membranes: 175 years of cell boundary research |journal=Biology Direct |volume=9 |page=32 |doi=10.1186/s13062-014-0032-7 |pmc=4304622 |pmid=25522740 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Microscopists sun mayar da hankali kan bangon tantanin halitta sama da shekaru 150 har sai an sami ci gaba a cikin microscopy. A farkon karni na 19, an gane sel a matsayin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, ba a haɗa su ba, kuma an ɗaure su da bangon tantanin halitta bayan an gano cewa za a iya raba ƙwayoyin shuka. Wannan ka'idar ta kara da ita don haɗawa da ƙwayoyin dabbobi don ba da shawarar hanyar duniya don kariya da ci gaba. A rabi na biyu na karni na 19, microscopy har yanzu bai ci gaba sosai ba don yin bambanci tsakanin membranes na tantanin halitta da bangon tantanin halitta. Koyaya, wasu masu binciken microscopists sun gano daidai a wannan lokacin cewa yayin da ba a ganuwa, ana iya ƙaddara cewa membranes na tantanin halitta sun wanzu a cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi saboda motsi na intracellular na abubuwan da ke ciki amma ba a waje ba kuma cewa membranes ba daidai ba ne da bango na tantanin shuka. An kuma yi la'akari da cewa membranes na tantanin halitta ba muhimman abubuwa ne ga dukkan sel ba. Mutane da yawa sun musanta wanzuwar membrane na tantanin halitta har yanzu zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19. A cikin 1890, wani bita ga ka'idar tantanin halitta ya bayyana cewa membranes na tantanin halitta sun wanzu, amma kawai tsarin sakandare ne. Ba har sai bayan karatun da aka yi da osmosis da permeability ba ne membranes na tantanin halitta suka sami karin karbuwa.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> A shekara ta 1895, Ernest Overton ya ba da shawarar cewa an yi membranes na tantanin halitta da lipids. Maganar lipid bilayer, wanda [[:nl:Evert Gorter|Gorter]] da Grendel suka gabatar a 1925, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gorter E, Grendel F |date=March 1925 |title=On Bimolecular Layers of Lipoids on the Chromocytes of the Blood |journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=439–43 |doi=10.1084/jem.41.4.439 |pmc=2130960 |pmid=19868999}}</ref> ya haifar da hasashe a cikin bayanin tsarin membrane bilayer na tantanin halitta wanda ya dogara da nazarin crystallographic da lura da sabulu. A cikin ƙoƙari na karɓar ko ƙin ra'ayin, masu bincike sun auna kaurin membrane. Wadannan masu bincike sun cire lipid daga jajayen ƙwayoyin jini na mutum kuma sun auna adadin yankin da lipid zai rufe lokacin da ya bazu a saman ruwa. Tun da ƙwayoyin jini masu tasowa ba su da ƙwayoyi da ƙwayoyan cytoplasmic, membrane na plasma shine kawai tsarin da ke dauke da lipid a cikin tantanin halitta. Sakamakon haka, duk lipids da aka cire daga sel za a iya ɗauka sun zauna a cikin membranes na plasma na sel. Rabin yankin saman ruwa da aka rufe da lipid ɗin da aka cire zuwa yankin saman da aka lissafa don jajayen ƙwayoyin jini daga abin da lipid ya kasance 2:1 (kimanin) kuma sun kammala cewa membrane na plasma ya ƙunshi lipid bilayer.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> A cikin 1925 Fricke ya ƙaddara cewa kauri na erythrocyte da membranes na yisti ya kasance tsakanin 3.3 da 4 nm, kauri mai jituwa tare da lipid monolayer. &nbsp;Zaɓin ma'aunin dielectric da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin waɗannan binciken an yi tambaya amma gwaje-gwaje na gaba ba za su iya karyata sakamakon gwajin farko ba. Da kansa, an ƙirƙiri leptoscope don auna membranes masu laushi ta hanyar kwatanta ƙarfin hasken da aka nuna daga samfurin zuwa ƙarfin ma'aunin membrane na sanannen kauri. Kayan aikin zai iya warware kauri wanda ya dogara da ma'aunin pH da kasancewar sunadarai na membrane wanda ya kasance daga 8.6 zuwa 23.2 nm, tare da ƙananan ma'auni da ke tallafawa lipid bilayer hypothesis. &nbsp;Daga baya a cikin shekarun 1930, tsarin tsarin membrane ya bunkasa a cikin yarjejeniya ta gaba ɗaya don zama samfurin paucimolecular na Davson da Danielli (1935). Wannan samfurin ya dogara ne akan nazarin tashin hankali tsakanin mai da ƙwai na echinoderm. Tun da yake ƙimar tashin hankali na sama sun bayyana sun fi ƙasa da yadda za a yi tsammani don ƙirar mai-ruwa, an ɗauka cewa wasu abubuwa suna da alhakin rage tashin hankali a saman sel. An ba da shawarar cewa lipid bilayer yana tsakanin nau'ikan furotin guda biyu. Tsarin paucimolecular nan da nan ya zama sananne kuma ya mamaye nazarin membrane na sel na shekaru 30 masu zuwa, har sai ya zama mai tsayayya da samfurin mosaic na Singer da Nicolson (1972).<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Duk da samfuran da yawa na membrane na tantanin halitta da aka gabatar kafin samfurin mosaic na ruwa, ya kasance ainihin nau'in membrane na sel tun bayan an fara shi a cikin shekarun 1970.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Kodayake an sabunta samfurin mosaic na ruwa don yin bayani dalla-dalla game da abubuwan da aka gano na zamani, abubuwan da suka dace sun kasance daidai: membrane shine lipid bilayer wanda ya ƙunshi kawunan waje na hydrophilic da kuma ciki na hydrophobic inda sunadarai zasu iya hulɗa tare da kawunan hydrophical ta hanyar hulɗar polar, amma sunadarai da ke ɗaukar bilayer gaba ɗaya ko kuma a wani ɓangare suna da hydrophobian amino acid wanda ke hulɗa tare le ba na polar lipid ciki ba. Misali na mosaic na ruwa ba wai kawai ya ba da cikakken wakilci na injiniyoyin membrane ba, ya inganta nazarin dakarun hydrophobic, wanda daga baya zai bunkasa ya zama iyakancewar bayyanawa don bayyana macromolecules na halitta.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Shekaru da yawa, masana kimiyya da suka ambata ba su yarda da muhimmancin tsarin da suke gani ba a matsayin membrane na tantanin halitta. Kusan ƙarni biyu, an ga membranes amma galibi an yi watsi da su a matsayin muhimmiyar tsari tare da aikin salula. Ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne muhimmancin membrane na tantanin halitta kamar yadda aka amince da shi. A ƙarshe, masana kimiyya biyu Gorter da Grendel (1925) sun gano cewa membrane "ya dogara ne da man fetur". Daga wannan, sun ci gaba da ra'ayin cewa wannan tsari dole ne ya kasance a cikin tsari wanda ya yi koyi da yadudduka. Da zarar an ci gaba da nazarin, an samo shi ta hanyar kwatanta jimlar saman tantanin halitta da saman lipids, an kiyasta rabo na 2: 1; don haka, samar da tushen farko na tsarin bilayer da aka sani a yau. Wannan binciken ya fara sabbin karatu da yawa waɗanda suka taso a duniya a cikin fannoni daban-daban na nazarin kimiyya, suna tabbatar da cewa tsarin da ayyukan membrane na tantanin halitta an yarda da su sosai.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Marubutan daban-daban sun kira tsarin a matsayin ectoplast (de Vries, 1885), <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=de Vries H |year=1885 |title=Plasmolytische Studien über die Wand der Vakuolen |journal=Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. |volume=16 |pages=465–598}}</ref> ''Plasmahaut'' (fatar plasma, Pfeffer, 1877, 1891), ''Hautschicht'' (fatar fata, Pfefer, 1886; Hofmeister, 1867 ya yi amfani da shi da ma'ana daban-daban, membrane plasmatic (Pfeffer, 1900), membrane plasma, membrane cytoplasmic, envelope cell da membrane. Wasu marubutan da ba su yi imani da cewa akwai iyaka mai aiki a saman tantanin halitta sun fi son amfani da kalmar plasmalemma (wanda Mast ya kirkiro, 1924) don yankin waje na tantanin halitta.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mast SO |year=1924 |title=Structure and locomotion in ''Amoeba proteus'' |journal=Anat. Rec. |volume=29 |issue=2 |page=88 |doi=10.1002/ar.1090290205 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=[[Janet Plowe|Plowe JQ]] |year=1931 |title=Membranes in the plant cell. I. Morphological membranes at protoplasmic surfaces |journal=Protoplasma |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=196–220 |doi=10.1007/BF01618716 |s2cid=32248784}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == Membrane na sel suna dauke da kwayoyin halitta iri-iri, musamman lipids da sunadarai. Ba a saita abun da ke ciki ba, amma koyaushe yana canzawa don ruwa da canje-canje a cikin muhalli, har ma yana canzawa a lokuta daban-daban na ci gaban tantanin halitta. Musamman, adadin cholesterol a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwacewar ƙwayar cuta ta mutum yana canzawa, kuma wannan canji a cikin abun da ke ciki yana shafar ruwa a duk matakan ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Noutsi P, Gratton E, Chaieb S |date=2016-06-30 |title=Assessment of Membrane Fluidity Fluctuations during Cellular Development Reveals Time and Cell Type Specificity |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=11 |issue=6 |bibcode=2016PLoSO..1158313N |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0158313 |pmc=4928918 |pmid=27362860 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana haɗa kayan cikin membrane, ko share shi, ta hanyoyi daban-daban: * [[File:Membrane_Lipids.svg|right|thumb|310x310px|Misalan manyan membrane phospholipids da glycolipids: phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), phosphatidylethanolamine (P LtdEtn), phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), phospaditylserine (PtradSer).]] Membrane na tantanin halitta ya ƙunshi nau'o'i uku na lipids na amphipathic: phospholipids, glycolipids, da sterols. Adadin kowannensu ya dogara da nau'in tantanin halitta, amma a mafi yawan lokuta phospholipids sune mafi yawa, galibi suna ba da gudummawa ga sama da 50% na dukkan lipids a cikin membranes na plasma.<ref name="Lodish-2000a">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref><ref name="Cooper-2000">{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Geoffrey M. |name-list-style=vanc |date=2000 |title=Structure of the Plasma Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |url-status=live |journal=The Cell: A Molecular Approach |language=en |edition=2nd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919234732/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |archive-date=2017-09-19}}</ref> Glycolipids kawai suna da kimanin kashi 2% kuma sterols sun hada da sauran. A cikin nazarin jajayen jini, kashi 30% na membrane na plasma shine lipid. Koyaya, ga mafi yawan sel na eukaryotic, abun da ke cikin membranes na plasma kusan rabin lipids ne da rabin sunadarai ta hanyar nauyi. Sashin mai a cikin phospholipids da glycolipids yawanci suna dauke da adadin kwayar halitta ta carbon, yawanci tsakanin 16 da 20. 16- da 18-carbon fatty acids sune mafi yawanci. Ana iya cika acid mai ƙiba ko ba a cika shi ba, tare da tsari na haɗin biyu kusan koyaushe "cis". Tsawon da kuma matakin rashin cikawa na sarkar mai suna da tasiri mai zurfi a kan ruwa na membrane kamar yadda lipids marasa cikawa ke haifar da kink, hana fatty acids daga tattarawa tare kamar yadda yake da ƙarfi, don haka rage zafin narkewa (ƙara ruwa) na membrane.<ref name="Lodish-2000a" /><ref name="Cooper-2000" /> Ikon wasu kwayoyin halitta don daidaita ruwa na membranes na sel ta hanyar canza abun da ke cikin lipid ana kiransa homeoviscous adaptation. Dukan membrane an riƙe su tare ta hanyar hulɗar da ba ta dace ba ta wutsiyoyi na hydrophobic, duk da haka tsarin yana da ruwa sosai kuma ba a daidaita shi sosai a wuri ba. A karkashin yanayin ilimin lissafi kwayoyin phospholipid a cikin membrane na tantanin halitta suna cikin Yanayin ruwa mai haske. Yana nufin kwayoyin lipid suna da 'yanci don yadawa kuma suna nuna saurin watsawa a gefe tare da Layer inda suke.<ref name="Lodish-2000a" /> Koyaya, musayar kwayoyin phospholipid tsakanin intracellular da extracellular leaflets na bilayer tsari ne mai jinkiri sosai. Lipid rafts da caveolae misalai ne na microdomains masu wadatar [[cholesterol]] a cikin membrane na tantanin halitta.<ref name="Cooper-2000" /> Har ila yau, wani ɓangare na lipid a cikin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da sunadarai na membrane, wanda ke da alaƙa da farfajiyar furotin ana kiransa harsashin lipid na annular; yana aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na furotin mai rikitarwa. Ana samun cholesterol a cikin digiri daban-daban a cikin membranes na tantanin halitta, a cikin sarari mara kyau tsakanin wutsiyoyin hydrophobic na lipids na membrane, inda yake ba da ƙarfi da ƙarfafawa a kan membrane.<ref name="Alberts-2002a">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, adadin cholesterol a cikin membranes na halitta ya bambanta tsakanin kwayoyin halitta, nau'ikan sel, har ma a cikin sel. Cholesterol, babban bangare na membranes na plasma, yana sarrafa ruwa na membrane gaba ɗaya, ma'ana cewa cholesterol yana sarrafa adadin motsi na bangarorin membrane daban-daban na tantanin halitta bisa ga maida hankali.<ref name="Alberts-2002a" /> A cikin yanayin zafi mai girma, cholesterol yana hana motsi na sarkar fatty acid na phospholipid, yana haifar da raguwar permeability ga ƙananan kwayoyin da rage ruwa na membrane. Akasin haka gaskiya ne ga rawar da cholesterol ke takawa a yanayin sanyi. Samar da cholesterol, kuma ta haka ne maida hankali, ana daidaita shi (ƙaruwa) don amsa yanayin sanyi. A yanayin sanyi, cholesterol yana tsoma baki tare da hulɗar sarkar mai. Yin aiki azaman anti-freeze, cholesterol yana kula da ruwa na membrane. Cholesterol ya fi yawa a cikin dabbobi masu sanyi fiye da dabbobi masu zafi. A cikin tsire-tsire, waɗanda ba su da cholesterol, wasu mahadi masu alaƙa da sterol suna yin aiki iri ɗaya da cholesterol.<ref name="Alberts-2002a" /> === Carbohydrates === Plasma membranes kuma suna dauke da carbohydrates, galibi glycoproteins, amma tare da wasu glycolipids (cerebrosides da gangliosides). Carbohydrates suna da mahimmanci a cikin rawar da tantanin tantanin halitta ke takawa a cikin eukaryotes; suna kan farfajiyar tantanin halitta inda suke gane sel masu karɓar bakuncin kuma suna raba bayanai. Kwayoyin cuta da ke ɗaure zuwa sel ta amfani da waɗannan masu karɓa suna haifar da kamuwa da cuta.<ref name="Brandley-1986">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brandley BK, Schnaar RL |date=July 1986 |title=Cell-surface carbohydrates in cell recognition and response |journal=Journal of Leukocyte Biology |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=97–111 |doi=10.1002/jlb.40.1.97 |pmid=3011937 |s2cid=45528175}}</ref> Ga mafi yawanci, babu glycosylation da ke faruwa a kan membranes a cikin tantanin halitta; maimakon haka gabaɗaya glycosylasion yana faruwa a kan farfajiyar extracellular na membrane na plasma. glycocalyx muhimmiyar alama ce a cikin dukkan sel, musamman epithelia tare da microvilli. Bayanan kwanan nan sun nuna cewa glycocalyx yana shiga cikin mannewar tantanin halitta, homing na lymphocyte, <ref name="Brandley-1986" /> da sauransu da yawa. Shuka [[wiktionary:Penultimate|na ƙarshe]] shine galactose kuma sukari na ƙarshe shine sialic acid, yayin da aka canza kashin sukari a cikin Na'urar Golgi. Sialic acid yana ɗauke da caji mara kyau, yana ba da shingen waje ga barbashi masu caji. === Protein === {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:85%; margin-left:15px; width:60%" !Irin wannan !Bayyanawa !Misalan |- |Integral protein transmembrane sunadarai<br /> |Yadu da membrane kuma suna da yankin hydrophilic cytosolic, wanda ke hulɗa tare da kwayoyin ciki, yankin hydrophobic membrane-spanning wanda ke ɗaure shi a cikin membrane na tantanin halitta, da kuma yankin hydrophil extracellular wanda ke hulɗar da kwayoyin waje. Yankin hydrophobic ya ƙunshi ɗaya, da yawa, ko haɗuwa da α-helices da β sheet protein motifs. |Tashoshin ion, famfo na proton, mai karɓar furotin GG protein-coupled mai karɓa |- |Ruwan sunadarai da aka ɗaure |Covalently ɗaure zuwa guda ɗaya ko da yawa lipid kwayoyin; hydrophobically saka a cikin cell membrane kuma anchorate da furotin. Protein da kansa ba ya hulɗa da membrane. |G sunadarai |- |Protein na waje |An haɗa shi da sunadarai na membrane, ko kuma an haɗa shi da yankuna na gefe na lipid bilayer. Wadannan sunadarai suna da hulɗa na wucin gadi kawai tare da membranes na halitta, kuma da zarar sun amsa, kwayar ta rabu don ci gaba da aikinta a cikin cytoplasm. |Wasu enzymes, wasu hormones |} tta.<ref name="Alberts-2002a2">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref>.<ref name="Budin-2012">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Budin I, Devaraj NK |date=January 2012 |title=Membrane assembly driven by a biomimetic coupling reaction |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=134 |issue=2 |pages=751–3 |bibcode=2012JAChS.134..751B |doi=10.1021/ja2076873 |pmc=3262119 |pmid=22239722}}</ref><ref name="Staff-2012a">{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=January 25, 2012 |title=Chemists Synthesize Artificial Cell Membrane |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125132822.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129222718/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125132822.htm |archive-date=January 29, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2012 |publisher=[[ScienceDaily]]}}</ref><ref name="Staff-2012">{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=January 26, 2012 |title=Chemists create artificial cell membrane |url=http://www.kurzweilai.net/chemists-create-artificial-cell-membrane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128215025/http://www.kurzweilai.net/chemists-create-artificial-cell-membrane |archive-date=January 28, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2012 |publisher=[[Ray Kurzweil|kurzweilai.net]]}}</ref><ref name="Zeidi-2018">{{Cite journal |last=Zeidi |first=Mahdi |last2=Kim |first2=Chun IL |date=2018 |title=The effects of intra-membrane viscosity on lipid membrane morphology: complete analytical solution |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=12845 |bibcode=2018NatSR...812845Z |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-31251-6 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6110749 |pmid=30150612 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin teburin da ke kusa, sunadarai masu mahimmanci sune sunadarai na transmembrane na amphipathic. Misalan sunadarai masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da tashoshin ion, famfo na proton, da masu karɓar g-protein. Tashoshin ion suna ba da damar ions na inorganic kamar sodium, potassium, calcium, ko chlorine don yada su a cikin gradient na electrochemical a fadin lipid bilayer ta hanyar pores na hydrophilic a fadin membrane. Halin lantarki na sel (watau ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi) ana sarrafa shi ta tashoshin ion.<ref name="Alberts-2002a" /> Fumps na Proton sune famfo na furotin waɗanda aka saka a cikin lipid bilayer wanda ke ba da damar protons suyi tafiya ta membrane ta hanyar canja wuri daga ɗayan amino acid zuwa wani. Hanyoyi irin su jigilar lantarki da samar da ATP suna amfani da famfo na proton.<ref name="Alberts-2002a" /> Mai karɓar G-protein da aka haɗa shi shine sarkar polypeptide guda ɗaya wanda ke ƙetare lipid bilayer sau bakwai yana amsawa ga kwayoyin sigina (watau hormones da neurotransmitters). Ana amfani da masu karɓar G-protein a cikin matakai kamar sel zuwa siginar sel, tsarin samar da cAMP, da kuma tsarin tashoshin ion.<ref name="Alberts-2002a" /> Membrane na tantanin halitta, wanda aka fallasa shi ga yanayin waje, muhimmin shafin ne na sadarwa tsakanin tantanin halitta. Saboda haka, yawancin masu karɓar furotin da sunadarai na ganewa, kamar su antigens, suna nan a saman membrane. Ayyukan sunadarai na membrane na iya haɗawa da hulɗar tantanin halitta, ganewar farfajiyar, hulɗar cytoskeleton, sigina, aikin enzymatic, ko jigilar abubuwa a fadin membrane. Dole ne a saka mafi yawan sunadarai na membrane a wata hanya a cikin membrane.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lodish |first=Harvey |last2=Berk |first2=Arnold |last3=Zipursky |first3=S. Lawrence |last4=Matsudaira |first4=Paul |last5=Baltimore |first5=David |last6=Darnell |first6=James |name-list-style=vanc |date=2000 |title=Post-Translational Modifications and Quality Control in the Rough ER |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21741/ |journal=Molecular Cell Biology |edition=4th |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121155245/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21741/ |archive-date=January 21, 2022}}</ref> Don wannan ya faru, wani N-terminus "signal sequence" na amino acid yana jagorantar sunadarai zuwa endoplasmic reticulum, wanda ke saka sunadarai a cikin lipid bilayer. Da zarar an saka su, ana jigilar sunadarai zuwa inda suke zuwa a ƙarshe a cikin vesicles, inda vesicle ya haɗu da membrane da aka yi niyya. == Ayyuka == [[File:Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_en.svg|thumb|400x400px|Cikakken zane na membrane na tantanin halitta]] [[File:Blausen_0213_CellularDiffusion.png|thumb|Hoton da ke nuna yaduwar salula]] Membrane na tantanin halitta yana kewaye da cytoplasm na sel masu rai, yana raba abubuwan da ke cikin tantanin halitta daga yanayin intracellular. Membrane na tantanin halitta kuma yana taka rawa wajen kafa cytoskeleton don samar da siffar tantanin halitta, da kuma haɗa su da matrix na extracellular da sauran sel don riƙe su tare don samar da kyallen takarda. Fungi, [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]], mafi yawan archaea, da tsire-tsire suma suna da bango na tantanin halitta, wanda ke ba da tallafin inji ga tantanin halitta kuma yana hana wucewar manyan kwayoyin. # Passive 2" href="./Osmosis" id="mwAaE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Osmosis">osmosis da 2" href="./Diffusion" id="mwAaI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Diffusion">watsawa: Wasu abubuwa (ƙananan kwayoyin, ions) kamar carbon dioxide (CO2) da oxygen (O2), na iya motsawa a fadin membrane na plasma ta hanyar watsawa, wanda shine tsarin sufuri mai wucewa. Saboda membrane yana aiki azaman shingen ga wasu kwayoyin da ions, suna iya faruwa a cikin maida hankali daban-daban a bangarorin biyu na membrane. Rarrabawar tana faruwa ne lokacin da ƙananan kwayoyin da ions ke motsawa kyauta daga babban maida hankali zuwa ƙananan maida hankali don daidaita membrane. An dauke shi tsari ne na sufuri mai wucewa saboda ba ya buƙatar makamashi kuma yana motsawa ta hanyar maida hankali da aka kirkira ta kowane gefen membrane.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Geoffrey M. |date=2000 |title=Transport of Small Molecules |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9847/ |url-status=live |journal=The Cell: A Molecular Approach |language=en |edition=2nd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605030211/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9847/ |archive-date=2018-06-05}}</ref> Irin wannan maida hankali a fadin membrane mai zurfi yana saita kwararar osmotic don ruwa. Osmosis, a cikin tsarin halittu ya haɗa da mai narkewa, yana motsawa ta hanyar membrane mai narkewar kama da watsawa yayin da mai narkarwa ke motsawa tare da gradient na maida hankali kuma ba ya buƙatar makamashi. Duk da yake ruwa shine mafi yawan mai narkewa a cikin tantanin halitta, yana iya zama wasu ruwa da kuma ruwa mai mahimmanci da iskar gas.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kramer EM, Myers DR |date=April 2013 |title=Osmosis is not driven by water dilution |journal=Trends in Plant Science |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=195–7 |bibcode=2013TPS....18..195K |doi=10.1016/j.tplants.2012.12.001 |pmid=23298880}}</ref> # Tashoshin furotin na Transmembrane da masu jigilar kaya: sunadarai na Transmebrane suna fadada ta hanyar lipid bilayer na membranes; suna aiki a bangarorin biyu na membrane don jigilar kwayoyin a fadinsa.<ref name="Alberts-2002">{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> Abinci, kamar sukari ko amino acid, dole ne su shiga tantanin halitta, kuma wasu samfuran metabolism dole ne su bar tantanin halitta. Irin waɗannan kwayoyin na iya yadawa ta hanyar tashoshin furotin kamar su aquaporins a cikin sauƙin watsawa ko kuma ana tura su a fadin membrane ta hanyar Masu jigilar transmembrane. Protein channel sunadarai, wanda kuma ake kira permeases, yawanci takamaiman ne, kuma kawai suna ganewa da jigilar nau'ikan sunadarai iri-iri, sau da yawa iyakance ga abu ɗaya. Wani misali na furotin transmembrane shine mai karɓar sel-surface, wanda ke ba da damar kwayoyin siginar sel don sadarwa tsakanin sel.<ref name="Alberts-2002" /> # Endocytosis: Endocytolis shine tsari wanda kwayoyin zasu shawo kan kwayoyin ta hanyar haɗiye su. Plasma membrane yana haifar da karamin lalacewa a ciki, wanda ake kira invagination, wanda aka kama abin da za a ɗauka. Wannan invagination yana haifar da sunadarai a waje a kan membrane na tantanin halitta, yana aiki a matsayin masu karɓa da taruwa cikin ɓacin rai wanda a ƙarshe ke inganta tarin sunadarai da lipids a gefen cytosolic na membrane.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> Bayan haka, lalacewar ta cire daga membrane a cikin tantanin halitta, ta haifar da vesicle wanda ke dauke da abin da aka kama. Endocytosis hanya ce don shigar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta ("cikin tantanin halitta" ko phagocytosis), ƙananan kwayoyin da ions ("cikin ƙwayoyin cuta" ko pinocytosis). Endocytosis yana buƙatar makamashi kuma saboda haka wani nau'i ne na jigilar kaya. # Exocytosis: Kamar yadda za'a iya kawo kayan cikin tantanin halitta ta hanyar invagination da kuma samar da vesicle, za'a mën a haɗa membrane na vesicle tare da membrane na plasma, yana fitar da abubuwan da ke ciki zuwa matsakaiciyar da ke kewaye. Wannan shine tsarin exocytosis. Exocytosis yana faruwa a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban don cire ragowar abubuwan da ba a narke su ba daga abubuwan da endocytosis ta kawo, don ɓoye abubuwa kamar hormones da enzymes, da kuma jigilar abu gaba ɗaya a fadin shingen sel. A cikin tsari na exocytosis, abincin da ba a narke shi ba ko kuma vesicle na ɓoye wanda ya fito daga Na'urar Golgi, an fara motsa shi ta hanyar cytoskeleton daga cikin tantanin halitta zuwa farfajiya. Membrane na vesicle ya zo cikin hulɗa tare da membrane na plasma. Kwayoyin lipid na bilayers guda biyu sun sake tsara kansu kuma membranes guda biyu, saboda haka, sun haɗu. An kafa wani sashi a cikin membrane mai narkewa kuma vesicle yana fitar da abubuwan da ke ciki a waje da tantanin halitta. == Kayan kwalliya == Prokaryotes sun kasu kashi biyu daban-daban: Archaea da Bacteria, tare da [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|Kwayoyin cuta]] da ke ci gaba da rarraba zuwa Gram-positive da Gram-negative. Kwayoyin cuta masu guba suna da membrane na plasma da membrane na waje da aka raba ta hanyar periplasm; duk da haka, wasu prokaryotes suna da membrana na plasma kawai. Wadannan membranes guda biyu sun bambanta a fannoni da yawa. Membrane na waje na kwayoyin cuta masu guba sun bambanta da sauran prokaryotes saboda lipopolysaccharides da ke samar da waje na bilayer, da Lipoproteins da phospholipids da ke samarwa cikin ciki.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> Membrane na waje yawanci yana da ingancin porous saboda sunadarai na membrane kamar su porins, waɗanda ke samar da sunadarai. Membrane na ciki na plasma kuma gabaɗaya yana da daidaituwa, yayin da membrane na waje ba shi da daidaituwa saboda sunadarai kamar waɗanda aka ambata a sama. [yanawa da ake buƙata]  Har ila yau, ga membranes na prokaryotic, akwai abubuwa da yawa waɗanda zasu iya shafar ruwa. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da zasu iya shafar ruwa shine abun da ke cikin kitse. Misali, lokacin da aka girma ''Staphylococcus aureus'' a 37 °C na awanni 24, membrane ya nuna yanayin ruwa maimakon yanayin gel. &nbsp;&nbsp;Wannan yana tallafawa ra'ayin cewa a cikin yanayin zafi mafi girma, membrane ya fi ruwa fiye da yanayin sanyi. Lokacin da membrane ke zama mafi ruwa kuma yana buƙatar zama mafi daidaituwa, zai sa sarkar mai mai tsayi ko sarkar mai tsayi don taimakawa tabbatar da membrane.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mishra NN, Liu GY, Yeaman MR, Nast CC, Proctor RA, McKinnell J, Bayer AS |date=February 2011 |title=Carotenoid-related alteration of cell membrane fluidity impacts Staphylococcus aureus susceptibility to host defense peptides |journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=526–31 |doi=10.1128/AAC.00680-10 |pmc=3028772 |pmid=21115796}}</ref> Hakanan ana kewaye da [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|Kwayoyin cuta]] da bango na tantanin halitta wanda ya ƙunshi peptidoglycan (amino acid da sukari). Wasu kwayoyin eukaryotic suma suna da ganuwar tantanin halitta, amma babu wanda aka yi da peptidoglycan. Membrane na waje na ƙwayoyin cuta masu guba suna da wadata a cikin lipopoly, waɗanda suka haɗu da poly- ko oligosaccharide da saccharolipid waɗanda ke motsa rigakafin halitta na tantanin halitta.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Alexander C, Rietschel ET |date=2001 |title=Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and innate immunity |journal=Journal of Endotoxin Research |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=167–202 |doi=10.1177/09680519010070030101 |pmid=11581570 |s2cid=86224757 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Membrane na waje na iya hurawa cikin fashewar periplasmic a ƙarƙashin yanayin damuwa ko a kan buƙatun ƙwayoyin cuta yayin haɗuwa da tantanin halitta mai karɓar bakuncin, kuma ta haka ne irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin na iya aiki azaman ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=YashRoy RC |year=1999 |title=A structural model for virulence organellae of gram negative organisms with reference to Salmonella pathogenicity in chicken ileum |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230856732 |url-status=live |journal=Indian Journal of Poultry Science |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=213–219 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107062130/http://www.researchgate.net/publication/230856732_A_structural_model_for_virulence_organellae_of_gram-negative_organisms_with_reference_to_Salmonella_pathogenicity_in_chicken_ileum?ev=prf_pub |archive-date=2014-11-07}}</ref> Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna ba da misalai da yawa na hanyoyi daban-daban waɗanda aka daidaita membranes na ƙwayoyin halitta tare da tsarin da ya dace da yanayin kwayoyin. Misali, sunadarai a saman wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna taimakawa a cikin motsi na su.<ref name="Saier-2013">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Saier MH |date=2013 |title=Microcompartments and protein machines in prokaryotes |journal=Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology |volume=23 |issue=4–5 |pages=243–69 |doi=10.1159/000351625 |pmc=3832201 |pmid=23920489}}</ref> Yawancin kwayoyin cuta masu guba suna da membranes na sel wanda ke dauke da tsarin fitar da furotin na ATP.<ref name="Saier-2013" /> == Tsarin == === Tsarin mosaic na ruwa === Dangane da samfurin mosaic na ruwa na S. J. Singer da G. L. Nicolson (1972), wanda ya maye gurbin samfurin Davson da Danielli na baya, ana iya la'akari da membranes na halitta a matsayin Ruwa mai girma biyu wanda kwayoyin lipid da furotin ke yadawa da sauƙi.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Singer SJ, Nicolson GL |date=February 1972 |title=The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes |journal=Science |volume=175 |issue=4023 |pages=720–31 |bibcode=1972Sci...175..720S |doi=10.1126/science.175.4023.720 |pmid=4333397 |s2cid=83851531}}</ref> Kodayake lipid bilayers waɗanda suka zama tushen membranes hakika suna samar da ruwa mai girma biyu da kansu, membrane na plasma kuma yana ƙunshe da adadi mai yawa na sunadarai, wanda ke ba da ƙarin tsari. Misalan irin waɗannan tsarin sune furotin-protein complexes, pickets da shinge da aka kafa ta hanyar cytoskeleton na actin, da kuma yiwuwar lipid rafts. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 97zip99773g3qrkxhfsa9viinnqg4a0 967633 967632 2026-10-14T19:49:12Z Galadanchi123 50022 967633 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  [[File:Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_4.svg|thumb|469x469px|Hoton kwayar halitta ta eukaryotic]] [[File:Celltypes.svg|thumb|400x400px|Kwatanta eukaryote da prokaryote.]] {{Databox}}'''membrane na tantanin halitta''' (wanda aka fi sani da membrane na plasma ko '''Membrane na cytoplasmic''', kuma a tarihi ana kiransa da '''plasmalemma''') membrane ne na halitta wanda ke raba da kare ciki na tantanin halittar daga yanayin waje (sararin waje).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cell Membranes |url=http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220092155/http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html |archive-date=2018-02-20 |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=users.rcn.com}}</ref> Membrane na tantanin halitta shine lipid bilayer, yawanci ya kunshi phospholipids da glycolipids; eukaryotes da wasu archaea yawanci suna da sterols (kamar [[cholesterol]] a cikin dabbobi) da aka rarraba tsakanin su, kiyaye isasshen ruwa na membrane a yanayin zafi daban-daban. Membrane kuma ya ƙunshi sunadarai na membrane, gami da sunadarai masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke ratsa membrane kuma suna aiki a matsayin masu jigilar kaya, da sunadarin sunadarai waɗanda ke haɗe da farfajiyar membrane, suna aiki azaman enzymes don sauƙaƙa hulɗa tare da yanayin tantanin halitta.<ref name="Herrmann-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Tom Herrmann |last2=Sandeep Sharma |date=March 2, 2019 |title=Physiology, Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538211/ |journal=StatPearls |location=1 SIU School of Medicine 2 Baptist Regional Medical Center |pmid=30855799}}</ref> Glycolipids da aka saka a cikin layin lipid na waje suna aiki da irin wannan dalili. Membrane na tantanin halitta yana sarrafa motsi na abubuwa a ciki da waje na tantanin halittar, yana iya shiga cikin ions da kwayoyin halitta.[1] Bugu da kari, membranes na tantanin halitta suna da hannu a cikin matakai daban-daban na salula kamar mannewar tantanin halitta, ion conductivity, da siginar tantanin halitta kuma suna aiki a matsayin faɗin haɗe don tsarin extracellular da yawa, gami da bangon tantanin halitta da murfin sel na carbohydrate da ake kira glycocalyx, da kuma cibiyar sadarwa ta intracellular na fiber protein da ake kira cytoskeleton. A fagen ilmin halitta na roba, ana iya sake haɗa membranes na sel ta hanyar wucin gadi.[2][3][4][5] == Tarihi ==   Binciken da Robert Hooke ya yi game da sel a cikin 1665 ya haifar da gabatarwar ka'idar sel. Da farko an yi imanin cewa duk sel ɗin suna ƙunshe da bango mai wuya tun lokacin da za'a iya lura da ƙwayoyin shuke-shuke ne kawai a lokacin.<ref name="Lombard-2014">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lombard J |date=December 2014 |title=Once upon a time the cell membranes: 175 years of cell boundary research |journal=Biology Direct |volume=9 |page=32 |doi=10.1186/s13062-014-0032-7 |pmc=4304622 |pmid=25522740 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Microscopists sun mayar da hankali kan bangon tantanin halitta sama da shekaru 150 har sai an sami ci gaba a cikin microscopy. A farkon karni na 19, an gane sel a matsayin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, ba a haɗa su ba, kuma an ɗaure su da bangon tantanin halitta bayan an gano cewa za a iya raba ƙwayoyin shuka. Wannan ka'idar ta kara da ita don haɗawa da ƙwayoyin dabbobi don ba da shawarar hanyar duniya don kariya da ci gaba. A rabi na biyu na karni na 19, microscopy har yanzu bai ci gaba sosai ba don yin bambanci tsakanin membranes na tantanin halitta da bangon tantanin halitta. Koyaya, wasu masu binciken microscopists sun gano daidai a wannan lokacin cewa yayin da ba a ganuwa, ana iya ƙaddara cewa membranes na tantanin halitta sun wanzu a cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi saboda motsi na intracellular na abubuwan da ke ciki amma ba a waje ba kuma cewa membranes ba daidai ba ne da bango na tantanin shuka. An kuma yi la'akari da cewa membranes na tantanin halitta ba muhimman abubuwa ne ga dukkan sel ba. Mutane da yawa sun musanta wanzuwar membrane na tantanin halitta har yanzu zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19. A cikin 1890, wani bita ga ka'idar tantanin halitta ya bayyana cewa membranes na tantanin halitta sun wanzu, amma kawai tsarin sakandare ne. Ba har sai bayan karatun da aka yi da osmosis da permeability ba ne membranes na tantanin halitta suka sami karin karbuwa.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> A shekara ta 1895, Ernest Overton ya ba da shawarar cewa an yi membranes na tantanin halitta da lipids. Maganar lipid bilayer, wanda [[:nl:Evert Gorter|Gorter]] da Grendel suka gabatar a 1925, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gorter E, Grendel F |date=March 1925 |title=On Bimolecular Layers of Lipoids on the Chromocytes of the Blood |journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=439–43 |doi=10.1084/jem.41.4.439 |pmc=2130960 |pmid=19868999}}</ref> ya haifar da hasashe a cikin bayanin tsarin membrane bilayer na tantanin halitta wanda ya dogara da nazarin crystallographic da lura da sabulu. A cikin ƙoƙari na karɓar ko ƙin ra'ayin, masu bincike sun auna kaurin membrane. Wadannan masu bincike sun cire lipid daga jajayen ƙwayoyin jini na mutum kuma sun auna adadin yankin da lipid zai rufe lokacin da ya bazu a saman ruwa. Tun da ƙwayoyin jini masu tasowa ba su da ƙwayoyi da ƙwayoyan cytoplasmic, membrane na plasma shine kawai tsarin da ke dauke da lipid a cikin tantanin halitta. Sakamakon haka, duk lipids da aka cire daga sel za a iya ɗauka sun zauna a cikin membranes na plasma na sel. Rabin yankin saman ruwa da aka rufe da lipid ɗin da aka cire zuwa yankin saman da aka lissafa don jajayen ƙwayoyin jini daga abin da lipid ya kasance 2:1 (kimanin) kuma sun kammala cewa membrane na plasma ya ƙunshi lipid bilayer.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> A cikin 1925 Fricke ya ƙaddara cewa kauri na erythrocyte da membranes na yisti ya kasance tsakanin 3.3 da 4 nm, kauri mai jituwa tare da lipid monolayer. &nbsp;Zaɓin ma'aunin dielectric da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin waɗannan binciken an yi tambaya amma gwaje-gwaje na gaba ba za su iya karyata sakamakon gwajin farko ba. Da kansa, an ƙirƙiri leptoscope don auna membranes masu laushi ta hanyar kwatanta ƙarfin hasken da aka nuna daga samfurin zuwa ƙarfin ma'aunin membrane na sanannen kauri. Kayan aikin zai iya warware kauri wanda ya dogara da ma'aunin pH da kasancewar sunadarai na membrane wanda ya kasance daga 8.6 zuwa 23.2 nm, tare da ƙananan ma'auni da ke tallafawa lipid bilayer hypothesis. &nbsp;Daga baya a cikin shekarun 1930, tsarin tsarin membrane ya bunkasa a cikin yarjejeniya ta gaba ɗaya don zama samfurin paucimolecular na Davson da Danielli (1935). Wannan samfurin ya dogara ne akan nazarin tashin hankali tsakanin mai da ƙwai na echinoderm. Tun da yake ƙimar tashin hankali na sama sun bayyana sun fi ƙasa da yadda za a yi tsammani don ƙirar mai-ruwa, an ɗauka cewa wasu abubuwa suna da alhakin rage tashin hankali a saman sel. An ba da shawarar cewa lipid bilayer yana tsakanin nau'ikan furotin guda biyu. Tsarin paucimolecular nan da nan ya zama sananne kuma ya mamaye nazarin membrane na sel na shekaru 30 masu zuwa, har sai ya zama mai tsayayya da samfurin mosaic na Singer da Nicolson (1972).<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Duk da samfuran da yawa na membrane na tantanin halitta da aka gabatar kafin samfurin mosaic na ruwa, ya kasance ainihin nau'in membrane na sel tun bayan an fara shi a cikin shekarun 1970.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Kodayake an sabunta samfurin mosaic na ruwa don yin bayani dalla-dalla game da abubuwan da aka gano na zamani, abubuwan da suka dace sun kasance daidai: membrane shine lipid bilayer wanda ya ƙunshi kawunan waje na hydrophilic da kuma ciki na hydrophobic inda sunadarai zasu iya hulɗa tare da kawunan hydrophical ta hanyar hulɗar polar, amma sunadarai da ke ɗaukar bilayer gaba ɗaya ko kuma a wani ɓangare suna da hydrophobian amino acid wanda ke hulɗa tare le ba na polar lipid ciki ba. Misali na mosaic na ruwa ba wai kawai ya ba da cikakken wakilci na injiniyoyin membrane ba, ya inganta nazarin dakarun hydrophobic, wanda daga baya zai bunkasa ya zama iyakancewar bayyanawa don bayyana macromolecules na halitta.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Shekaru da yawa, masana kimiyya da suka ambata ba su yarda da muhimmancin tsarin da suke gani ba a matsayin membrane na tantanin halitta. Kusan ƙarni biyu, an ga membranes amma galibi an yi watsi da su a matsayin muhimmiyar tsari tare da aikin salula. Ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne muhimmancin membrane na tantanin halitta kamar yadda aka amince da shi. A ƙarshe, masana kimiyya biyu Gorter da Grendel (1925) sun gano cewa membrane "ya dogara ne da man fetur". Daga wannan, sun ci gaba da ra'ayin cewa wannan tsari dole ne ya kasance a cikin tsari wanda ya yi koyi da yadudduka. Da zarar an ci gaba da nazarin, an samo shi ta hanyar kwatanta jimlar saman tantanin halitta da saman lipids, an kiyasta rabo na 2: 1; don haka, samar da tushen farko na tsarin bilayer da aka sani a yau. Wannan binciken ya fara sabbin karatu da yawa waɗanda suka taso a duniya a cikin fannoni daban-daban na nazarin kimiyya, suna tabbatar da cewa tsarin da ayyukan membrane na tantanin halitta an yarda da su sosai.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Marubutan daban-daban sun kira tsarin a matsayin ectoplast (de Vries, 1885), <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=de Vries H |year=1885 |title=Plasmolytische Studien über die Wand der Vakuolen |journal=Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. |volume=16 |pages=465–598}}</ref> ''Plasmahaut'' (fatar plasma, Pfeffer, 1877, 1891), ''Hautschicht'' (fatar fata, Pfefer, 1886; Hofmeister, 1867 ya yi amfani da shi da ma'ana daban-daban, membrane plasmatic (Pfeffer, 1900), membrane plasma, membrane cytoplasmic, envelope cell da membrane. Wasu marubutan da ba su yi imani da cewa akwai iyaka mai aiki a saman tantanin halitta sun fi son amfani da kalmar plasmalemma (wanda Mast ya kirkiro, 1924) don yankin waje na tantanin halitta.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mast SO |year=1924 |title=Structure and locomotion in ''Amoeba proteus'' |journal=Anat. Rec. |volume=29 |issue=2 |page=88 |doi=10.1002/ar.1090290205 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=[[Janet Plowe|Plowe JQ]] |year=1931 |title=Membranes in the plant cell. I. Morphological membranes at protoplasmic surfaces |journal=Protoplasma |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=196–220 |doi=10.1007/BF01618716 |s2cid=32248784}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == Membrane na sel suna dauke da kwayoyin halitta iri-iri, musamman lipids da sunadarai. Ba a saita abun da ke ciki ba, amma koyaushe yana canzawa don ruwa da canje-canje a cikin muhalli, har ma yana canzawa a lokuta daban-daban na ci gaban tantanin halitta. Musamman, adadin cholesterol a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwacewar ƙwayar cuta ta mutum yana canzawa, kuma wannan canji a cikin abun da ke ciki yana shafar ruwa a duk matakan ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Noutsi P, Gratton E, Chaieb S |date=2016-06-30 |title=Assessment of Membrane Fluidity Fluctuations during Cellular Development Reveals Time and Cell Type Specificity |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=11 |issue=6 |bibcode=2016PLoSO..1158313N |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0158313 |pmc=4928918 |pmid=27362860 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana haɗa kayan cikin membrane, ko share shi, ta hanyoyi daban-daban: * [[File:Membrane_Lipids.svg|right|thumb|310x310px|Misalan manyan membrane phospholipids da glycolipids: phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), phosphatidylethanolamine (P LtdEtn), phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), phospaditylserine (PtradSer).]] Membrane na tantanin halitta ya ƙunshi nau'o'i uku na lipids na amphipathic: phospholipids, glycolipids, da sterols. Adadin kowannensu ya dogara da nau'in tantanin halitta, amma a mafi yawan lokuta phospholipids sune mafi yawa, galibi suna ba da gudummawa ga sama da 50% na dukkan lipids a cikin membranes na plasma.<ref name="Lodish-2000a">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref><ref name="Cooper-2000">{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Geoffrey M. |name-list-style=vanc |date=2000 |title=Structure of the Plasma Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |url-status=live |journal=The Cell: A Molecular Approach |language=en |edition=2nd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919234732/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |archive-date=2017-09-19}}</ref> Glycolipids kawai suna da kimanin kashi 2% kuma sterols sun hada da sauran. A cikin nazarin jajayen jini, kashi 30% na membrane na plasma shine lipid. Koyaya, ga mafi yawan sel na eukaryotic, abun da ke cikin membranes na plasma kusan rabin lipids ne da rabin sunadarai ta hanyar nauyi. Sashin mai a cikin phospholipids da glycolipids yawanci suna dauke da adadin kwayar halitta ta carbon, yawanci tsakanin 16 da 20. 16- da 18-carbon fatty acids sune mafi yawanci. Ana iya cika acid mai ƙiba ko ba a cika shi ba, tare da tsari na haɗin biyu kusan koyaushe "cis". Tsawon da kuma matakin rashin cikawa na sarkar mai suna da tasiri mai zurfi a kan ruwa na membrane kamar yadda lipids marasa cikawa ke haifar da kink, hana fatty acids daga tattarawa tare kamar yadda yake da ƙarfi, don haka rage zafin narkewa (ƙara ruwa) na membrane.<ref name="Lodish-2000a" /><ref name="Cooper-2000" /> Ikon wasu kwayoyin halitta don daidaita ruwa na membranes na sel ta hanyar canza abun da ke cikin lipid ana kiransa homeoviscous adaptation. Dukan membrane an riƙe su tare ta hanyar hulɗar da ba ta dace ba ta wutsiyoyi na hydrophobic, duk da haka tsarin yana da ruwa sosai kuma ba a daidaita shi sosai a wuri ba. A karkashin yanayin ilimin lissafi kwayoyin phospholipid a cikin membrane na tantanin halitta suna cikin Yanayin ruwa mai haske. Yana nufin kwayoyin lipid suna da 'yanci don yadawa kuma suna nuna saurin watsawa a gefe tare da Layer inda suke.<ref name="Lodish-2000a" /> Koyaya, musayar kwayoyin phospholipid tsakanin intracellular da extracellular leaflets na bilayer tsari ne mai jinkiri sosai. Lipid rafts da caveolae misalai ne na microdomains masu wadatar [[cholesterol]] a cikin membrane na tantanin halitta.<ref name="Cooper-2000" /> Har ila yau, wani ɓangare na lipid a cikin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da sunadarai na membrane, wanda ke da alaƙa da farfajiyar furotin ana kiransa harsashin lipid na annular; yana aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na furotin mai rikitarwa. Ana samun cholesterol a cikin digiri daban-daban a cikin membranes na tantanin halitta, a cikin sarari mara kyau tsakanin wutsiyoyin hydrophobic na lipids na membrane, inda yake ba da ƙarfi da ƙarfafawa a kan membrane.<ref name="Alberts-2002a">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, adadin cholesterol a cikin membranes na halitta ya bambanta tsakanin kwayoyin halitta, nau'ikan sel, har ma a cikin sel. Cholesterol, babban bangare na membranes na plasma, yana sarrafa ruwa na membrane gaba ɗaya, ma'ana cewa cholesterol yana sarrafa adadin motsi na bangarorin membrane daban-daban na tantanin halitta bisa ga maida hankali.<ref name="Alberts-2002a" /> A cikin yanayin zafi mai girma, cholesterol yana hana motsi na sarkar fatty acid na phospholipid, yana haifar da raguwar permeability ga ƙananan kwayoyin da rage ruwa na membrane. Akasin haka gaskiya ne ga rawar da cholesterol ke takawa a yanayin sanyi. Samar da cholesterol, kuma ta haka ne maida hankali, ana daidaita shi (ƙaruwa) don amsa yanayin sanyi. A yanayin sanyi, cholesterol yana tsoma baki tare da hulɗar sarkar mai. Yin aiki azaman anti-freeze, cholesterol yana kula da ruwa na membrane. Cholesterol ya fi yawa a cikin dabbobi masu sanyi fiye da dabbobi masu zafi. A cikin tsire-tsire, waɗanda ba su da cholesterol, wasu mahadi masu alaƙa da sterol suna yin aiki iri ɗaya da cholesterol.<ref name="Alberts-2002a" /> === Carbohydrates === Plasma membranes kuma suna dauke da carbohydrates, galibi glycoproteins, amma tare da wasu glycolipids (cerebrosides da gangliosides). Carbohydrates suna da mahimmanci a cikin rawar da tantanin tantanin halitta ke takawa a cikin eukaryotes; suna kan farfajiyar tantanin halitta inda suke gane sel masu karɓar bakuncin kuma suna raba bayanai. Kwayoyin cuta da ke ɗaure zuwa sel ta amfani da waɗannan masu karɓa suna haifar da kamuwa da cuta.<ref name="Brandley-1986">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brandley BK, Schnaar RL |date=July 1986 |title=Cell-surface carbohydrates in cell recognition and response |journal=Journal of Leukocyte Biology |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=97–111 |doi=10.1002/jlb.40.1.97 |pmid=3011937 |s2cid=45528175}}</ref> Ga mafi yawanci, babu glycosylation da ke faruwa a kan membranes a cikin tantanin halitta; maimakon haka gabaɗaya glycosylasion yana faruwa a kan farfajiyar extracellular na membrane na plasma. glycocalyx muhimmiyar alama ce a cikin dukkan sel, musamman epithelia tare da microvilli. Bayanan kwanan nan sun nuna cewa glycocalyx yana shiga cikin mannewar tantanin halitta, homing na lymphocyte, <ref name="Brandley-1986" /> da sauransu da yawa. Shuka [[wiktionary:Penultimate|na ƙarshe]] shine galactose kuma sukari na ƙarshe shine sialic acid, yayin da aka canza kashin sukari a cikin Na'urar Golgi. Sialic acid yana ɗauke da caji mara kyau, yana ba da shingen waje ga barbashi masu caji. === Protein === {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:85%; margin-left:15px; width:60%" !Irin wannan !Bayyanawa !Misalan |- |Integral protein transmembrane sunadarai<br /> |Yadu da membrane kuma suna da yankin hydrophilic cytosolic, wanda ke hulɗa tare da kwayoyin ciki, yankin hydrophobic membrane-spanning wanda ke ɗaure shi a cikin membrane na tantanin halitta, da kuma yankin hydrophil extracellular wanda ke hulɗar da kwayoyin waje. Yankin hydrophobic ya ƙunshi ɗaya, da yawa, ko haɗuwa da α-helices da β sheet protein motifs. |Tashoshin ion, famfo na proton, mai karɓar furotin GG protein-coupled mai karɓa |- |Ruwan sunadarai da aka ɗaure |Covalently ɗaure zuwa guda ɗaya ko da yawa lipid kwayoyin; hydrophobically saka a cikin cell membrane kuma anchorate da furotin. Protein da kansa ba ya hulɗa da membrane. |G sunadarai |- |Protein na waje |An haɗa shi da sunadarai na membrane, ko kuma an haɗa shi da yankuna na gefe na lipid bilayer. Wadannan sunadarai suna da hulɗa na wucin gadi kawai tare da membranes na halitta, kuma da zarar sun amsa, kwayar ta rabu don ci gaba da aikinta a cikin cytoplasm. |Wasu enzymes, wasu hormones |} tta.<ref name="Alberts-2002a2">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref>.<ref name="Budin-2012">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Budin I, Devaraj NK |date=January 2012 |title=Membrane assembly driven by a biomimetic coupling reaction |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=134 |issue=2 |pages=751–3 |bibcode=2012JAChS.134..751B |doi=10.1021/ja2076873 |pmc=3262119 |pmid=22239722}}</ref><ref name="Staff-2012a">{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=January 25, 2012 |title=Chemists Synthesize Artificial Cell Membrane |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125132822.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129222718/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125132822.htm |archive-date=January 29, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2012 |publisher=[[ScienceDaily]]}}</ref><ref name="Staff-2012">{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=January 26, 2012 |title=Chemists create artificial cell membrane |url=http://www.kurzweilai.net/chemists-create-artificial-cell-membrane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128215025/http://www.kurzweilai.net/chemists-create-artificial-cell-membrane |archive-date=January 28, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2012 |publisher=[[Ray Kurzweil|kurzweilai.net]]}}</ref><ref name="Zeidi-2018">{{Cite journal |last=Zeidi |first=Mahdi |last2=Kim |first2=Chun IL |date=2018 |title=The effects of intra-membrane viscosity on lipid membrane morphology: complete analytical solution |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=12845 |bibcode=2018NatSR...812845Z |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-31251-6 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6110749 |pmid=30150612 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin teburin da ke kusa, sunadarai masu mahimmanci sune sunadarai na transmembrane na amphipathic. Misalan sunadarai masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da tashoshin ion, famfo na proton, da masu karɓar g-protein. Tashoshin ion suna ba da damar ions na inorganic kamar sodium, potassium, calcium, ko chlorine don yada su a cikin gradient na electrochemical a fadin lipid bilayer ta hanyar pores na hydrophilic a fadin membrane. Halin lantarki na sel (watau ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi) ana sarrafa shi ta tashoshin ion.<ref name="Alberts-2002a" /> Fumps na Proton sune famfo na furotin waɗanda aka saka a cikin lipid bilayer wanda ke ba da damar protons suyi tafiya ta membrane ta hanyar canja wuri daga ɗayan amino acid zuwa wani. Hanyoyi irin su jigilar lantarki da samar da ATP suna amfani da famfo na proton.<ref name="Alberts-2002a" /> Mai karɓar G-protein da aka haɗa shi shine sarkar polypeptide guda ɗaya wanda ke ƙetare lipid bilayer sau bakwai yana amsawa ga kwayoyin sigina (watau hormones da neurotransmitters). Ana amfani da masu karɓar G-protein a cikin matakai kamar sel zuwa siginar sel, tsarin samar da cAMP, da kuma tsarin tashoshin ion.<ref name="Alberts-2002a" /> Membrane na tantanin halitta, wanda aka fallasa shi ga yanayin waje, muhimmin shafin ne na sadarwa tsakanin tantanin halitta. Saboda haka, yawancin masu karɓar furotin da sunadarai na ganewa, kamar su antigens, suna nan a saman membrane. Ayyukan sunadarai na membrane na iya haɗawa da hulɗar tantanin halitta, ganewar farfajiyar, hulɗar cytoskeleton, sigina, aikin enzymatic, ko jigilar abubuwa a fadin membrane. Dole ne a saka mafi yawan sunadarai na membrane a wata hanya a cikin membrane.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lodish |first=Harvey |last2=Berk |first2=Arnold |last3=Zipursky |first3=S. Lawrence |last4=Matsudaira |first4=Paul |last5=Baltimore |first5=David |last6=Darnell |first6=James |name-list-style=vanc |date=2000 |title=Post-Translational Modifications and Quality Control in the Rough ER |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21741/ |journal=Molecular Cell Biology |edition=4th |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121155245/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21741/ |archive-date=January 21, 2022}}</ref> Don wannan ya faru, wani N-terminus "signal sequence" na amino acid yana jagorantar sunadarai zuwa endoplasmic reticulum, wanda ke saka sunadarai a cikin lipid bilayer. Da zarar an saka su, ana jigilar sunadarai zuwa inda suke zuwa a ƙarshe a cikin vesicles, inda vesicle ya haɗu da membrane da aka yi niyya. == Ayyuka == [[File:Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_en.svg|thumb|400x400px|Cikakken zane na membrane na tantanin halitta]] [[File:Blausen_0213_CellularDiffusion.png|thumb|Hoton da ke nuna yaduwar salula]] Membrane na tantanin halitta yana kewaye da cytoplasm na sel masu rai, yana raba abubuwan da ke cikin tantanin halitta daga yanayin intracellular. Membrane na tantanin halitta kuma yana taka rawa wajen kafa cytoskeleton don samar da siffar tantanin halitta, da kuma haɗa su da matrix na extracellular da sauran sel don riƙe su tare don samar da kyallen takarda. Fungi, [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]], mafi yawan archaea, da tsire-tsire suma suna da bango na tantanin halitta, wanda ke ba da tallafin inji ga tantanin halitta kuma yana hana wucewar manyan kwayoyin. # Passive 2" href="./Osmosis" id="mwAaE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Osmosis">osmosis da 2" href="./Diffusion" id="mwAaI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Diffusion">watsawa: Wasu abubuwa (ƙananan kwayoyin, ions) kamar carbon dioxide (CO2) da oxygen (O2), na iya motsawa a fadin membrane na plasma ta hanyar watsawa, wanda shine tsarin sufuri mai wucewa. Saboda membrane yana aiki azaman shingen ga wasu kwayoyin da ions, suna iya faruwa a cikin maida hankali daban-daban a bangarorin biyu na membrane. Rarrabawar tana faruwa ne lokacin da ƙananan kwayoyin da ions ke motsawa kyauta daga babban maida hankali zuwa ƙananan maida hankali don daidaita membrane. An dauke shi tsari ne na sufuri mai wucewa saboda ba ya buƙatar makamashi kuma yana motsawa ta hanyar maida hankali da aka kirkira ta kowane gefen membrane.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Geoffrey M. |date=2000 |title=Transport of Small Molecules |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9847/ |url-status=live |journal=The Cell: A Molecular Approach |language=en |edition=2nd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605030211/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9847/ |archive-date=2018-06-05}}</ref> Irin wannan maida hankali a fadin membrane mai zurfi yana saita kwararar osmotic don ruwa. Osmosis, a cikin tsarin halittu ya haɗa da mai narkewa, yana motsawa ta hanyar membrane mai narkewar kama da watsawa yayin da mai narkarwa ke motsawa tare da gradient na maida hankali kuma ba ya buƙatar makamashi. Duk da yake ruwa shine mafi yawan mai narkewa a cikin tantanin halitta, yana iya zama wasu ruwa da kuma ruwa mai mahimmanci da iskar gas.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kramer EM, Myers DR |date=April 2013 |title=Osmosis is not driven by water dilution |journal=Trends in Plant Science |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=195–7 |bibcode=2013TPS....18..195K |doi=10.1016/j.tplants.2012.12.001 |pmid=23298880}}</ref> # Tashoshin furotin na Transmembrane da masu jigilar kaya: sunadarai na Transmebrane suna fadada ta hanyar lipid bilayer na membranes; suna aiki a bangarorin biyu na membrane don jigilar kwayoyin a fadinsa.<ref name="Alberts-2002">{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> Abinci, kamar sukari ko amino acid, dole ne su shiga tantanin halitta, kuma wasu samfuran metabolism dole ne su bar tantanin halitta. Irin waɗannan kwayoyin na iya yadawa ta hanyar tashoshin furotin kamar su aquaporins a cikin sauƙin watsawa ko kuma ana tura su a fadin membrane ta hanyar Masu jigilar transmembrane. Protein channel sunadarai, wanda kuma ake kira permeases, yawanci takamaiman ne, kuma kawai suna ganewa da jigilar nau'ikan sunadarai iri-iri, sau da yawa iyakance ga abu ɗaya. Wani misali na furotin transmembrane shine mai karɓar sel-surface, wanda ke ba da damar kwayoyin siginar sel don sadarwa tsakanin sel.<ref name="Alberts-2002" /> # Endocytosis: Endocytolis shine tsari wanda kwayoyin zasu shawo kan kwayoyin ta hanyar haɗiye su. Plasma membrane yana haifar da karamin lalacewa a ciki, wanda ake kira invagination, wanda aka kama abin da za a ɗauka. Wannan invagination yana haifar da sunadarai a waje a kan membrane na tantanin halitta, yana aiki a matsayin masu karɓa da taruwa cikin ɓacin rai wanda a ƙarshe ke inganta tarin sunadarai da lipids a gefen cytosolic na membrane.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> Bayan haka, lalacewar ta cire daga membrane a cikin tantanin halitta, ta haifar da vesicle wanda ke dauke da abin da aka kama. Endocytosis hanya ce don shigar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta ("cikin tantanin halitta" ko phagocytosis), ƙananan kwayoyin da ions ("cikin ƙwayoyin cuta" ko pinocytosis). Endocytosis yana buƙatar makamashi kuma saboda haka wani nau'i ne na jigilar kaya. # Exocytosis: Kamar yadda za'a iya kawo kayan cikin tantanin halitta ta hanyar invagination da kuma samar da vesicle, za'a mën a haɗa membrane na vesicle tare da membrane na plasma, yana fitar da abubuwan da ke ciki zuwa matsakaiciyar da ke kewaye. Wannan shine tsarin exocytosis. Exocytosis yana faruwa a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban don cire ragowar abubuwan da ba a narke su ba daga abubuwan da endocytosis ta kawo, don ɓoye abubuwa kamar hormones da enzymes, da kuma jigilar abu gaba ɗaya a fadin shingen sel. A cikin tsari na exocytosis, abincin da ba a narke shi ba ko kuma vesicle na ɓoye wanda ya fito daga Na'urar Golgi, an fara motsa shi ta hanyar cytoskeleton daga cikin tantanin halitta zuwa farfajiya. Membrane na vesicle ya zo cikin hulɗa tare da membrane na plasma. Kwayoyin lipid na bilayers guda biyu sun sake tsara kansu kuma membranes guda biyu, saboda haka, sun haɗu. An kafa wani sashi a cikin membrane mai narkewa kuma vesicle yana fitar da abubuwan da ke ciki a waje da tantanin halitta. == Kayan kwalliya == Prokaryotes sun kasu kashi biyu daban-daban: Archaea da Bacteria, tare da [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|Kwayoyin cuta]] da ke ci gaba da rarraba zuwa Gram-positive da Gram-negative. Kwayoyin cuta masu guba suna da membrane na plasma da membrane na waje da aka raba ta hanyar periplasm; duk da haka, wasu prokaryotes suna da membrana na plasma kawai. Wadannan membranes guda biyu sun bambanta a fannoni da yawa. Membrane na waje na kwayoyin cuta masu guba sun bambanta da sauran prokaryotes saboda lipopolysaccharides da ke samar da waje na bilayer, da Lipoproteins da phospholipids da ke samarwa cikin ciki.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> Membrane na waje yawanci yana da ingancin porous saboda sunadarai na membrane kamar su porins, waɗanda ke samar da sunadarai. Membrane na ciki na plasma kuma gabaɗaya yana da daidaituwa, yayin da membrane na waje ba shi da daidaituwa saboda sunadarai kamar waɗanda aka ambata a sama. [yanawa da ake buƙata]  Har ila yau, ga membranes na prokaryotic, akwai abubuwa da yawa waɗanda zasu iya shafar ruwa. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da zasu iya shafar ruwa shine abun da ke cikin kitse. Misali, lokacin da aka girma ''Staphylococcus aureus'' a 37 °C na awanni 24, membrane ya nuna yanayin ruwa maimakon yanayin gel. &nbsp;&nbsp;Wannan yana tallafawa ra'ayin cewa a cikin yanayin zafi mafi girma, membrane ya fi ruwa fiye da yanayin sanyi. Lokacin da membrane ke zama mafi ruwa kuma yana buƙatar zama mafi daidaituwa, zai sa sarkar mai mai tsayi ko sarkar mai tsayi don taimakawa tabbatar da membrane.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mishra NN, Liu GY, Yeaman MR, Nast CC, Proctor RA, McKinnell J, Bayer AS |date=February 2011 |title=Carotenoid-related alteration of cell membrane fluidity impacts Staphylococcus aureus susceptibility to host defense peptides |journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=526–31 |doi=10.1128/AAC.00680-10 |pmc=3028772 |pmid=21115796}}</ref> Hakanan ana kewaye da [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|Kwayoyin cuta]] da bango na tantanin halitta wanda ya ƙunshi peptidoglycan (amino acid da sukari). Wasu kwayoyin eukaryotic suma suna da ganuwar tantanin halitta, amma babu wanda aka yi da peptidoglycan. Membrane na waje na ƙwayoyin cuta masu guba suna da wadata a cikin lipopoly, waɗanda suka haɗu da poly- ko oligosaccharide da saccharolipid waɗanda ke motsa rigakafin halitta na tantanin halitta.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Alexander C, Rietschel ET |date=2001 |title=Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and innate immunity |journal=Journal of Endotoxin Research |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=167–202 |doi=10.1177/09680519010070030101 |pmid=11581570 |s2cid=86224757 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Membrane na waje na iya hurawa cikin fashewar periplasmic a ƙarƙashin yanayin damuwa ko a kan buƙatun ƙwayoyin cuta yayin haɗuwa da tantanin halitta mai karɓar bakuncin, kuma ta haka ne irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin na iya aiki azaman ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=YashRoy RC |year=1999 |title=A structural model for virulence organellae of gram negative organisms with reference to Salmonella pathogenicity in chicken ileum |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230856732 |url-status=live |journal=Indian Journal of Poultry Science |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=213–219 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107062130/http://www.researchgate.net/publication/230856732_A_structural_model_for_virulence_organellae_of_gram-negative_organisms_with_reference_to_Salmonella_pathogenicity_in_chicken_ileum?ev=prf_pub |archive-date=2014-11-07}}</ref> Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna ba da misalai da yawa na hanyoyi daban-daban waɗanda aka daidaita membranes na ƙwayoyin halitta tare da tsarin da ya dace da yanayin kwayoyin. Misali, sunadarai a saman wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna taimakawa a cikin motsi na su.<ref name="Saier-2013">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Saier MH |date=2013 |title=Microcompartments and protein machines in prokaryotes |journal=Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology |volume=23 |issue=4–5 |pages=243–69 |doi=10.1159/000351625 |pmc=3832201 |pmid=23920489}}</ref> Yawancin kwayoyin cuta masu guba suna da membranes na sel wanda ke dauke da tsarin fitar da furotin na ATP.<ref name="Saier-2013" /> == Tsarin == === Tsarin mosaic na ruwa === Dangane da samfurin mosaic na ruwa na S. J. Singer da G. L. Nicolson (1972), wanda ya maye gurbin samfurin Davson da Danielli na baya, ana iya la'akari da membranes na halitta a matsayin Ruwa mai girma biyu wanda kwayoyin lipid da furotin ke yadawa da sauƙi.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Singer SJ, Nicolson GL |date=February 1972 |title=The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes |journal=Science |volume=175 |issue=4023 |pages=720–31 |bibcode=1972Sci...175..720S |doi=10.1126/science.175.4023.720 |pmid=4333397 |s2cid=83851531}}</ref> Kodayake lipid bilayers waɗanda suka zama tushen membranes hakika suna samar da ruwa mai girma biyu da kansu, membrane na plasma kuma yana ƙunshe da adadi mai yawa na sunadarai, wanda ke ba da ƙarin tsari. Misalan irin waɗannan tsarin sune furotin-protein complexes, pickets da shinge da aka kafa ta hanyar cytoskeleton na actin, da kuma yiwuwar lipid rafts. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gbh98hvm2xenbkdf0q4gicr93nygdzj 967832 967633 2026-10-15T11:51:05Z Galadanchi123 50022 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379640061|Cell membrane]]" 967832 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_4.svg|thumb|469x469px|Hoton kwayar halitta ta eukaryotic]] [[File:Celltypes.svg|thumb|400x400px|Kwatanta eukaryote da prokaryote.]] '''membrane na tantanin halitta''' (wanda aka fi sani da membrane na plasma ko '''Membrane na cytoplasmic''', kuma a tarihi ana kiransa da '''plasmalemma''') membrane ne na halitta wanda ke raba da kare ciki na tantanin halittar daga yanayin waje (sararin waje).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cell Membranes |url=http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220092155/http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html |archive-date=2018-02-20 |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=users.rcn.com}}</ref> Membrane na tantanin halitta shine lipid bilayer, yawanci ya kunshi phospholipids da glycolipids; eukaryotes da wasu archaea yawanci suna da sterols (kamar [[cholesterol]] a cikin dabbobi) da aka rarraba tsakanin su, kiyaye isasshen ruwa na membrane a yanayin zafi daban-daban. Membrane kuma ya ƙunshi sunadarai na membrane, gami da sunadarai masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke ratsa membrane kuma suna aiki a matsayin masu jigilar kaya, da sunadarin sunadarai waɗanda ke haɗe da farfajiyar membrane, suna aiki azaman enzymes don sauƙaƙa hulɗa tare da yanayin tantanin halitta.<ref name="Herrmann-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Tom Herrmann |last2=Sandeep Sharma |date=March 2, 2019 |title=Physiology, Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538211/ |journal=StatPearls |location=1 SIU School of Medicine 2 Baptist Regional Medical Center |pmid=30855799}}</ref> Glycolipids da aka saka a cikin layin lipid na waje suna aiki da irin wannan dalili. Membrane na tantanin halitta yana sarrafa motsi na abubuwa a ciki da waje na tantanin halittar, yana iya shiga cikin ions da kwayoyin halitta.<ref name="Alberts-2002a">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref> Bugu da kari, membranes na tantanin halitta suna da hannu a cikin matakai daban-daban na salula kamar mannewar tantanin halitta, ion conductivity, da siginar tantanin halitta kuma suna aiki a matsayin faɗin haɗe don tsarin extracellular da yawa, gami da bangon tantanin halitta da murfin sel na carbohydrate da ake kira glycocalyx, da kuma cibiyar sadarwa ta intracellular na fiber protein da ake kira cytoskeleton. A fagen ilmin halitta na roba, ana iya sake haɗa membranes na sel ta hanyar wucin gadi.<ref name="Budin-2012">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Budin I, Devaraj NK |date=January 2012 |title=Membrane assembly driven by a biomimetic coupling reaction |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=134 |issue=2 |pages=751–3 |bibcode=2012JAChS.134..751B |doi=10.1021/ja2076873 |pmc=3262119 |pmid=22239722}}</ref><ref name="Staff-2012a">{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=January 25, 2012 |title=Chemists Synthesize Artificial Cell Membrane |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125132822.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129222718/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125132822.htm |archive-date=January 29, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2012 |publisher=[[ScienceDaily]]}}</ref><ref name="Staff-2012">{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=January 26, 2012 |title=Chemists create artificial cell membrane |url=http://www.kurzweilai.net/chemists-create-artificial-cell-membrane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128215025/http://www.kurzweilai.net/chemists-create-artificial-cell-membrane |archive-date=January 28, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2012 |publisher=[[Ray Kurzweil|kurzweilai.net]]}}</ref><ref name="Zeidi-2018">{{Cite journal |last=Zeidi |first=Mahdi |last2=Kim |first2=Chun IL |date=2018 |title=The effects of intra-membrane viscosity on lipid membrane morphology: complete analytical solution |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=12845 |bibcode=2018NatSR...812845Z |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-31251-6 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6110749 |pmid=30150612 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Tarihi == Binciken da Robert Hooke ya yi game da sel a cikin 1665 ya haifar da gabatarwar ka'idar sel. Da farko an yi imanin cewa duk sel ɗin suna ƙunshe da bango mai wuya tun lokacin da za'a iya lura da ƙwayoyin shuke-shuke ne kawai a lokacin.<ref name="Lombard-2014">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lombard J |date=December 2014 |title=Once upon a time the cell membranes: 175 years of cell boundary research |journal=Biology Direct |volume=9 |page=32 |doi=10.1186/s13062-014-0032-7 |pmc=4304622 |pmid=25522740 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Microscopists sun mayar da hankali kan bangon tantanin halitta sama da shekaru 150 har sai an sami ci gaba a cikin microscopy. A farkon karni na 19, an gane sel a matsayin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, ba a haɗa su ba, kuma an ɗaure su da bangon tantanin halitta bayan an gano cewa za a iya raba ƙwayoyin shuka. Wannan ka'idar ta kara da ita don haɗawa da ƙwayoyin dabbobi don ba da shawarar hanyar duniya don kariya da ci gaba. A rabi na biyu na karni na 19, microscopy har yanzu bai ci gaba sosai ba don yin bambanci tsakanin membranes na tantanin halitta da bangon tantanin halitta. Koyaya, wasu masu binciken microscopists sun gano daidai a wannan lokacin cewa yayin da ba a ganuwa, ana iya ƙaddara cewa membranes na tantanin halitta sun wanzu a cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi saboda motsi na intracellular na abubuwan da ke ciki amma ba a waje ba kuma cewa membranes ba daidai ba ne da bango na tantanin shuka. An kuma yi la'akari da cewa membranes na tantanin halitta ba muhimman abubuwa ne ga dukkan sel ba. Mutane da yawa sun musanta wanzuwar membrane na tantanin halitta har yanzu zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19. A cikin 1890, wani bita ga ka'idar tantanin halitta ya bayyana cewa membranes na tantanin halitta sun wanzu, amma kawai tsarin sakandare ne. Ba har sai bayan karatun da aka yi da osmosis da permeability ba ne membranes na tantanin halitta suka sami karin karbuwa.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> A shekara ta 1895, Ernest Overton ya ba da shawarar cewa an yi membranes na tantanin halitta da lipids. Maganar lipid bilayer, wanda [[:nl:Evert Gorter|Gorter]] da Grendel suka gabatar a 1925, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gorter E, Grendel F |date=March 1925 |title=On Bimolecular Layers of Lipoids on the Chromocytes of the Blood |journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=439–43 |doi=10.1084/jem.41.4.439 |pmc=2130960 |pmid=19868999}}</ref> ya haifar da hasashe a cikin bayanin tsarin membrane bilayer na tantanin halitta wanda ya dogara da nazarin crystallographic da lura da sabulu. A cikin ƙoƙari na karɓar ko ƙin ra'ayin, masu bincike sun auna kaurin membrane. Wadannan masu bincike sun cire lipid daga jajayen ƙwayoyin jini na mutum kuma sun auna adadin yankin da lipid zai rufe lokacin da ya bazu a saman ruwa. Tun da ƙwayoyin jini masu tasowa ba su da ƙwayoyi da ƙwayoyan cytoplasmic, membrane na plasma shine kawai tsarin da ke dauke da lipid a cikin tantanin halitta. Sakamakon haka, duk lipids da aka cire daga sel za a iya ɗauka sun zauna a cikin membranes na plasma na sel. Rabin yankin saman ruwa da aka rufe da lipid ɗin da aka cire zuwa yankin saman da aka lissafa don jajayen ƙwayoyin jini daga abin da lipid ya kasance 2:1 (kimanin) kuma sun kammala cewa membrane na plasma ya ƙunshi lipid bilayer.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> A cikin 1925 Fricke ya ƙaddara cewa kauri na erythrocyte da membranes na yisti ya kasance tsakanin 3.3 da 4 nm, kauri mai jituwa tare da lipid monolayer. &nbsp;Zaɓin ma'aunin dielectric da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin waɗannan binciken an yi tambaya amma gwaje-gwaje na gaba ba za su iya karyata sakamakon gwajin farko ba. Da kansa, an ƙirƙiri leptoscope don auna membranes masu laushi ta hanyar kwatanta ƙarfin hasken da aka nuna daga samfurin zuwa ƙarfin ma'aunin membrane na sanannen kauri. Kayan aikin zai iya warware kauri wanda ya dogara da ma'aunin pH da kasancewar sunadarai na membrane wanda ya kasance daga 8.6 zuwa 23.2 nm, tare da ƙananan ma'auni da ke tallafawa lipid bilayer hypothesis. &nbsp;Daga baya a cikin shekarun 1930, tsarin tsarin membrane ya bunkasa a cikin yarjejeniya ta gaba ɗaya don zama samfurin paucimolecular na Davson da Danielli (1935). Wannan samfurin ya dogara ne akan nazarin tashin hankali tsakanin mai da ƙwai na echinoderm. Tun da yake ƙimar tashin hankali na sama sun bayyana sun fi ƙasa da yadda za a yi tsammani don ƙirar mai-ruwa, an ɗauka cewa wasu abubuwa suna da alhakin rage tashin hankali a saman sel. An ba da shawarar cewa lipid bilayer yana tsakanin nau'ikan furotin guda biyu. Tsarin paucimolecular nan da nan ya zama sananne kuma ya mamaye nazarin membrane na sel na shekaru 30 masu zuwa, har sai ya zama mai tsayayya da samfurin mosaic na Singer da Nicolson (1972).<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Duk da samfuran da yawa na membrane na tantanin halitta da aka gabatar kafin samfurin mosaic na ruwa, ya kasance ainihin nau'in membrane na sel tun bayan an fara shi a cikin shekarun 1970.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Kodayake an sabunta samfurin mosaic na ruwa don yin bayani dalla-dalla game da abubuwan da aka gano na zamani, abubuwan da suka dace sun kasance daidai: membrane shine lipid bilayer wanda ya ƙunshi kawunan waje na hydrophilic da kuma ciki na hydrophobic inda sunadarai zasu iya hulɗa tare da kawunan hydrophical ta hanyar hulɗar polar, amma sunadarai da ke ɗaukar bilayer gaba ɗaya ko kuma a wani ɓangare suna da hydrophobian amino acid wanda ke hulɗa tare le ba na polar lipid ciki ba. Misali na mosaic na ruwa ba wai kawai ya ba da cikakken wakilci na injiniyoyin membrane ba, ya inganta nazarin dakarun hydrophobic, wanda daga baya zai bunkasa ya zama iyakancewar bayyanawa don bayyana macromolecules na halitta.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Shekaru da yawa, masana kimiyya da suka ambata ba su yarda da muhimmancin tsarin da suke gani ba a matsayin membrane na tantanin halitta. Kusan ƙarni biyu, an ga membranes amma galibi an yi watsi da su a matsayin muhimmiyar tsari tare da aikin salula. Ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne muhimmancin membrane na tantanin halitta kamar yadda aka amince da shi. A ƙarshe, masana kimiyya biyu Gorter da Grendel (1925) sun gano cewa membrane "ya dogara ne da man fetur". Daga wannan, sun ci gaba da ra'ayin cewa wannan tsari dole ne ya kasance a cikin tsari wanda ya yi koyi da yadudduka. Da zarar an ci gaba da nazarin, an samo shi ta hanyar kwatanta jimlar saman tantanin halitta da saman lipids, an kiyasta rabo na 2: 1; don haka, samar da tushen farko na tsarin bilayer da aka sani a yau. Wannan binciken ya fara sabbin karatu da yawa waɗanda suka taso a duniya a cikin fannoni daban-daban na nazarin kimiyya, suna tabbatar da cewa tsarin da ayyukan membrane na tantanin halitta an yarda da su sosai.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Marubutan daban-daban sun kira tsarin a matsayin ectoplast (de Vries, 1885), [1] Plasmahaut (fatar plasma, Pfeffer, 1877, 1891), [2] Hautschicht (fatar fata, Pfefer, 1886; Hofmeister, 1867 ya yi amfani da shi da ma'ana daban-daban, membrane plasmatic (Pfeffer, 1900), [3] membrane plasma, membrane cytoplasmic, envelope cell da membrane. [4] [5] Wasu marubutan da ba su yi imani da cewa akwai iyaka mai aiki a saman tantanin halitta sun fi son amfani da kalmar plasmalemma (wanda Mast ya kirkiro, 1924) don yankin waje na tantanin halitta.[6][7][8] == Rubuce-rubuce == Membrane na sel suna dauke da kwayoyin halitta iri-iri, musamman lipids da sunadarai. Ba a saita abun da ke ciki ba, amma koyaushe yana canzawa don ruwa da canje-canje a cikin muhalli, har ma yana canzawa a lokuta daban-daban na ci gaban tantanin halitta. Musamman, adadin cholesterol a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwacewar ƙwayar cuta ta mutum yana canzawa, kuma wannan canji a cikin abun da ke ciki yana shafar ruwa a duk matakan ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Noutsi P, Gratton E, Chaieb S |date=2016-06-30 |title=Assessment of Membrane Fluidity Fluctuations during Cellular Development Reveals Time and Cell Type Specificity |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=11 |issue=6 |bibcode=2016PLoSO..1158313N |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0158313 |pmc=4928918 |pmid=27362860 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana haɗa kayan cikin membrane, ko share shi, ta hanyoyi daban-daban: * Haɗuwa da intracellular vesicles tare da membrane (exocytosis) ba wai kawai yana fitar da abubuwan da ke cikin vesicle ba har ma ya haɗa da abubuwan da suka shafi vesicle a cikin membrane na tantanin halitta. Membrane na iya samar da blebs a kusa da kayan extracellular wanda ke tsagewa don zama vesicles (endocytosis). * Idan membrane yana ci gaba tare da tsarin tubular da aka yi da kayan membrane, to ana iya zana kayan daga bututun zuwa cikin membrane koyaushe. * Kodayake maida hankali ga abubuwan membrane a cikin yanayin ruwa yana da ƙarancin (masu sashi na membrane masu ɗorewa suna da ƙaranci a cikin ruwa), akwai musayar kwayoyin tsakanin matakan lipid da ruwa. === Lipids === [[File:Membrane_Lipids.svg|right|thumb|310x310px|Misalan manyan membrane phospholipids da glycolipids: phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), phosphatidylethanolamine (P LtdEtn), phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), phospaditylserine (PtradSer).]] Membrane na tantanin halitta ya ƙunshi nau'o'i uku na lipids na amphipathic: phospholipids, glycolipids, da sterols. Adadin kowannensu ya dogara da nau'in tantanin halitta, amma a mafi yawan lokuta phospholipids sune mafi yawa, galibi suna ba da gudummawa ga sama da 50% na dukkan lipids a cikin membranes na plasma.<ref name="Lodish-2000a">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref><ref name="Cooper-2000">{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Geoffrey M. |name-list-style=vanc |date=2000 |title=Structure of the Plasma Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |url-status=live |journal=The Cell: A Molecular Approach |language=en |edition=2nd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919234732/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |archive-date=2017-09-19}}</ref> Glycolipids kawai suna da kimanin kashi 2% kuma sterols sun hada da sauran. A cikin nazarin jajayen jini, kashi 30% na membrane na plasma shine lipid. Koyaya, ga mafi yawan sel na eukaryotic, abun da ke cikin membranes na plasma kusan rabin lipids ne da rabin sunadarai ta hanyar nauyi. Sashin mai a cikin [[Phospholipid|phospholipids]] da [[Glycolipid|glycolipids]] yawanci suna dauke da adadin kwayar halitta ta carbon, yawanci tsakanin 16 da 20. 16- da 18-carbon fatty acids sune mafi yawanci. Ana iya cika acid mai ƙiba ko ba a cika shi ba, tare da tsari na haɗin biyu kusan koyaushe "cis". Tsawon da kuma matakin rashin cikawa na sarkar mai suna da tasiri mai zurfi a kan ruwa na membrane kamar yadda lipids marasa cikawa ke haifar da kink, hana fatty acids daga tattarawa tare kamar yadda yake da ƙarfi, don haka rage zafin narkewa (ƙara ruwa) na membrane.<ref name="Lodish-2000a2">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref><ref name="Cooper-20002">{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Geoffrey M. |name-list-style=vanc |date=2000 |title=Structure of the Plasma Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |url-status=live |journal=The Cell: A Molecular Approach |language=en |edition=2nd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919234732/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |archive-date=2017-09-19}}</ref> Ikon wasu kwayoyin halitta don daidaita [[Membrane fluidity|ruwa na membranes na sel]] ta hanyar canza abun da ke cikin lipid ana kiransa homeoviscous adaptation. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6g9mtdxiul03i5i18zhf84ol1qr9nbn 967833 967832 2026-10-15T11:51:56Z Galadanchi123 50022 967833 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_4.svg|thumb|469x469px|Hoton kwayar halitta ta eukaryotic]] [[File:Celltypes.svg|thumb|400x400px|Kwatanta eukaryote da prokaryote.]] {{Databox}}'''membrane na tantanin halitta''' (wanda aka fi sani da membrane na plasma ko '''Membrane na cytoplasmic''', kuma a tarihi ana kiransa da '''plasmalemma''') membrane ne na halitta wanda ke raba da kare ciki na tantanin halittar daga yanayin waje (sararin waje).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cell Membranes |url=http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220092155/http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html |archive-date=2018-02-20 |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=users.rcn.com}}</ref> Membrane na tantanin halitta shine lipid bilayer, yawanci ya kunshi phospholipids da glycolipids; eukaryotes da wasu archaea yawanci suna da sterols (kamar [[cholesterol]] a cikin dabbobi) da aka rarraba tsakanin su, kiyaye isasshen ruwa na membrane a yanayin zafi daban-daban. Membrane kuma ya ƙunshi sunadarai na membrane, gami da sunadarai masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke ratsa membrane kuma suna aiki a matsayin masu jigilar kaya, da sunadarin sunadarai waɗanda ke haɗe da farfajiyar membrane, suna aiki azaman enzymes don sauƙaƙa hulɗa tare da yanayin tantanin halitta.<ref name="Herrmann-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Tom Herrmann |last2=Sandeep Sharma |date=March 2, 2019 |title=Physiology, Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538211/ |journal=StatPearls |location=1 SIU School of Medicine 2 Baptist Regional Medical Center |pmid=30855799}}</ref> Glycolipids da aka saka a cikin layin lipid na waje suna aiki da irin wannan dalili. Membrane na tantanin halitta yana sarrafa motsi na abubuwa a ciki da waje na tantanin halittar, yana iya shiga cikin ions da kwayoyin halitta.<ref name="Alberts-2002a">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref> Bugu da kari, membranes na tantanin halitta suna da hannu a cikin matakai daban-daban na salula kamar mannewar tantanin halitta, ion conductivity, da siginar tantanin halitta kuma suna aiki a matsayin faɗin haɗe don tsarin extracellular da yawa, gami da bangon tantanin halitta da murfin sel na carbohydrate da ake kira glycocalyx, da kuma cibiyar sadarwa ta intracellular na fiber protein da ake kira cytoskeleton. A fagen ilmin halitta na roba, ana iya sake haɗa membranes na sel ta hanyar wucin gadi.<ref name="Budin-2012">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Budin I, Devaraj NK |date=January 2012 |title=Membrane assembly driven by a biomimetic coupling reaction |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=134 |issue=2 |pages=751–3 |bibcode=2012JAChS.134..751B |doi=10.1021/ja2076873 |pmc=3262119 |pmid=22239722}}</ref><ref name="Staff-2012a">{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=January 25, 2012 |title=Chemists Synthesize Artificial Cell Membrane |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125132822.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129222718/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125132822.htm |archive-date=January 29, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2012 |publisher=[[ScienceDaily]]}}</ref><ref name="Staff-2012">{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=January 26, 2012 |title=Chemists create artificial cell membrane |url=http://www.kurzweilai.net/chemists-create-artificial-cell-membrane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128215025/http://www.kurzweilai.net/chemists-create-artificial-cell-membrane |archive-date=January 28, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2012 |publisher=[[Ray Kurzweil|kurzweilai.net]]}}</ref><ref name="Zeidi-2018">{{Cite journal |last=Zeidi |first=Mahdi |last2=Kim |first2=Chun IL |date=2018 |title=The effects of intra-membrane viscosity on lipid membrane morphology: complete analytical solution |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=12845 |bibcode=2018NatSR...812845Z |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-31251-6 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6110749 |pmid=30150612 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Tarihi == Binciken da Robert Hooke ya yi game da sel a cikin 1665 ya haifar da gabatarwar ka'idar sel. Da farko an yi imanin cewa duk sel ɗin suna ƙunshe da bango mai wuya tun lokacin da za'a iya lura da ƙwayoyin shuke-shuke ne kawai a lokacin.<ref name="Lombard-2014">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lombard J |date=December 2014 |title=Once upon a time the cell membranes: 175 years of cell boundary research |journal=Biology Direct |volume=9 |page=32 |doi=10.1186/s13062-014-0032-7 |pmc=4304622 |pmid=25522740 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Microscopists sun mayar da hankali kan bangon tantanin halitta sama da shekaru 150 har sai an sami ci gaba a cikin microscopy. A farkon karni na 19, an gane sel a matsayin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, ba a haɗa su ba, kuma an ɗaure su da bangon tantanin halitta bayan an gano cewa za a iya raba ƙwayoyin shuka. Wannan ka'idar ta kara da ita don haɗawa da ƙwayoyin dabbobi don ba da shawarar hanyar duniya don kariya da ci gaba. A rabi na biyu na karni na 19, microscopy har yanzu bai ci gaba sosai ba don yin bambanci tsakanin membranes na tantanin halitta da bangon tantanin halitta. Koyaya, wasu masu binciken microscopists sun gano daidai a wannan lokacin cewa yayin da ba a ganuwa, ana iya ƙaddara cewa membranes na tantanin halitta sun wanzu a cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi saboda motsi na intracellular na abubuwan da ke ciki amma ba a waje ba kuma cewa membranes ba daidai ba ne da bango na tantanin shuka. An kuma yi la'akari da cewa membranes na tantanin halitta ba muhimman abubuwa ne ga dukkan sel ba. Mutane da yawa sun musanta wanzuwar membrane na tantanin halitta har yanzu zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19. A cikin 1890, wani bita ga ka'idar tantanin halitta ya bayyana cewa membranes na tantanin halitta sun wanzu, amma kawai tsarin sakandare ne. Ba har sai bayan karatun da aka yi da osmosis da permeability ba ne membranes na tantanin halitta suka sami karin karbuwa.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> A shekara ta 1895, Ernest Overton ya ba da shawarar cewa an yi membranes na tantanin halitta da lipids. Maganar lipid bilayer, wanda [[:nl:Evert Gorter|Gorter]] da Grendel suka gabatar a 1925, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gorter E, Grendel F |date=March 1925 |title=On Bimolecular Layers of Lipoids on the Chromocytes of the Blood |journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=439–43 |doi=10.1084/jem.41.4.439 |pmc=2130960 |pmid=19868999}}</ref> ya haifar da hasashe a cikin bayanin tsarin membrane bilayer na tantanin halitta wanda ya dogara da nazarin crystallographic da lura da sabulu. A cikin ƙoƙari na karɓar ko ƙin ra'ayin, masu bincike sun auna kaurin membrane. Wadannan masu bincike sun cire lipid daga jajayen ƙwayoyin jini na mutum kuma sun auna adadin yankin da lipid zai rufe lokacin da ya bazu a saman ruwa. Tun da ƙwayoyin jini masu tasowa ba su da ƙwayoyi da ƙwayoyan cytoplasmic, membrane na plasma shine kawai tsarin da ke dauke da lipid a cikin tantanin halitta. Sakamakon haka, duk lipids da aka cire daga sel za a iya ɗauka sun zauna a cikin membranes na plasma na sel. Rabin yankin saman ruwa da aka rufe da lipid ɗin da aka cire zuwa yankin saman da aka lissafa don jajayen ƙwayoyin jini daga abin da lipid ya kasance 2:1 (kimanin) kuma sun kammala cewa membrane na plasma ya ƙunshi lipid bilayer.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> A cikin 1925 Fricke ya ƙaddara cewa kauri na erythrocyte da membranes na yisti ya kasance tsakanin 3.3 da 4 nm, kauri mai jituwa tare da lipid monolayer. &nbsp;Zaɓin ma'aunin dielectric da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin waɗannan binciken an yi tambaya amma gwaje-gwaje na gaba ba za su iya karyata sakamakon gwajin farko ba. Da kansa, an ƙirƙiri leptoscope don auna membranes masu laushi ta hanyar kwatanta ƙarfin hasken da aka nuna daga samfurin zuwa ƙarfin ma'aunin membrane na sanannen kauri. Kayan aikin zai iya warware kauri wanda ya dogara da ma'aunin pH da kasancewar sunadarai na membrane wanda ya kasance daga 8.6 zuwa 23.2 nm, tare da ƙananan ma'auni da ke tallafawa lipid bilayer hypothesis. &nbsp;Daga baya a cikin shekarun 1930, tsarin tsarin membrane ya bunkasa a cikin yarjejeniya ta gaba ɗaya don zama samfurin paucimolecular na Davson da Danielli (1935). Wannan samfurin ya dogara ne akan nazarin tashin hankali tsakanin mai da ƙwai na echinoderm. Tun da yake ƙimar tashin hankali na sama sun bayyana sun fi ƙasa da yadda za a yi tsammani don ƙirar mai-ruwa, an ɗauka cewa wasu abubuwa suna da alhakin rage tashin hankali a saman sel. An ba da shawarar cewa lipid bilayer yana tsakanin nau'ikan furotin guda biyu. Tsarin paucimolecular nan da nan ya zama sananne kuma ya mamaye nazarin membrane na sel na shekaru 30 masu zuwa, har sai ya zama mai tsayayya da samfurin mosaic na Singer da Nicolson (1972).<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Duk da samfuran da yawa na membrane na tantanin halitta da aka gabatar kafin samfurin mosaic na ruwa, ya kasance ainihin nau'in membrane na sel tun bayan an fara shi a cikin shekarun 1970.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Kodayake an sabunta samfurin mosaic na ruwa don yin bayani dalla-dalla game da abubuwan da aka gano na zamani, abubuwan da suka dace sun kasance daidai: membrane shine lipid bilayer wanda ya ƙunshi kawunan waje na hydrophilic da kuma ciki na hydrophobic inda sunadarai zasu iya hulɗa tare da kawunan hydrophical ta hanyar hulɗar polar, amma sunadarai da ke ɗaukar bilayer gaba ɗaya ko kuma a wani ɓangare suna da hydrophobian amino acid wanda ke hulɗa tare le ba na polar lipid ciki ba. Misali na mosaic na ruwa ba wai kawai ya ba da cikakken wakilci na injiniyoyin membrane ba, ya inganta nazarin dakarun hydrophobic, wanda daga baya zai bunkasa ya zama iyakancewar bayyanawa don bayyana macromolecules na halitta.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Shekaru da yawa, masana kimiyya da suka ambata ba su yarda da muhimmancin tsarin da suke gani ba a matsayin membrane na tantanin halitta. Kusan ƙarni biyu, an ga membranes amma galibi an yi watsi da su a matsayin muhimmiyar tsari tare da aikin salula. Ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne muhimmancin membrane na tantanin halitta kamar yadda aka amince da shi. A ƙarshe, masana kimiyya biyu Gorter da Grendel (1925) sun gano cewa membrane "ya dogara ne da man fetur". Daga wannan, sun ci gaba da ra'ayin cewa wannan tsari dole ne ya kasance a cikin tsari wanda ya yi koyi da yadudduka. Da zarar an ci gaba da nazarin, an samo shi ta hanyar kwatanta jimlar saman tantanin halitta da saman lipids, an kiyasta rabo na 2: 1; don haka, samar da tushen farko na tsarin bilayer da aka sani a yau. Wannan binciken ya fara sabbin karatu da yawa waɗanda suka taso a duniya a cikin fannoni daban-daban na nazarin kimiyya, suna tabbatar da cewa tsarin da ayyukan membrane na tantanin halitta an yarda da su sosai.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Marubutan daban-daban sun kira tsarin a matsayin ectoplast (de Vries, 1885), [1] Plasmahaut (fatar plasma, Pfeffer, 1877, 1891), [2] Hautschicht (fatar fata, Pfefer, 1886; Hofmeister, 1867 ya yi amfani da shi da ma'ana daban-daban, membrane plasmatic (Pfeffer, 1900), [3] membrane plasma, membrane cytoplasmic, envelope cell da membrane. [4] [5] Wasu marubutan da ba su yi imani da cewa akwai iyaka mai aiki a saman tantanin halitta sun fi son amfani da kalmar plasmalemma (wanda Mast ya kirkiro, 1924) don yankin waje na tantanin halitta.[6][7][8] == Rubuce-rubuce == Membrane na sel suna dauke da kwayoyin halitta iri-iri, musamman lipids da sunadarai. Ba a saita abun da ke ciki ba, amma koyaushe yana canzawa don ruwa da canje-canje a cikin muhalli, har ma yana canzawa a lokuta daban-daban na ci gaban tantanin halitta. Musamman, adadin cholesterol a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwacewar ƙwayar cuta ta mutum yana canzawa, kuma wannan canji a cikin abun da ke ciki yana shafar ruwa a duk matakan ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Noutsi P, Gratton E, Chaieb S |date=2016-06-30 |title=Assessment of Membrane Fluidity Fluctuations during Cellular Development Reveals Time and Cell Type Specificity |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=11 |issue=6 |bibcode=2016PLoSO..1158313N |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0158313 |pmc=4928918 |pmid=27362860 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana haɗa kayan cikin membrane, ko share shi, ta hanyoyi daban-daban: * Haɗuwa da intracellular vesicles tare da membrane (exocytosis) ba wai kawai yana fitar da abubuwan da ke cikin vesicle ba har ma ya haɗa da abubuwan da suka shafi vesicle a cikin membrane na tantanin halitta. Membrane na iya samar da blebs a kusa da kayan extracellular wanda ke tsagewa don zama vesicles (endocytosis). * Idan membrane yana ci gaba tare da tsarin tubular da aka yi da kayan membrane, to ana iya zana kayan daga bututun zuwa cikin membrane koyaushe. * Kodayake maida hankali ga abubuwan membrane a cikin yanayin ruwa yana da ƙarancin (masu sashi na membrane masu ɗorewa suna da ƙaranci a cikin ruwa), akwai musayar kwayoyin tsakanin matakan lipid da ruwa. === Lipids === [[File:Membrane_Lipids.svg|right|thumb|310x310px|Misalan manyan membrane phospholipids da glycolipids: phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), phosphatidylethanolamine (P LtdEtn), phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), phospaditylserine (PtradSer).]] Membrane na tantanin halitta ya ƙunshi nau'o'i uku na lipids na amphipathic: phospholipids, glycolipids, da sterols. Adadin kowannensu ya dogara da nau'in tantanin halitta, amma a mafi yawan lokuta phospholipids sune mafi yawa, galibi suna ba da gudummawa ga sama da 50% na dukkan lipids a cikin membranes na plasma.<ref name="Lodish-2000a">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref><ref name="Cooper-2000">{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Geoffrey M. |name-list-style=vanc |date=2000 |title=Structure of the Plasma Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |url-status=live |journal=The Cell: A Molecular Approach |language=en |edition=2nd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919234732/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |archive-date=2017-09-19}}</ref> Glycolipids kawai suna da kimanin kashi 2% kuma sterols sun hada da sauran. A cikin nazarin jajayen jini, kashi 30% na membrane na plasma shine lipid. Koyaya, ga mafi yawan sel na eukaryotic, abun da ke cikin membranes na plasma kusan rabin lipids ne da rabin sunadarai ta hanyar nauyi. Sashin mai a cikin [[Phospholipid|phospholipids]] da [[Glycolipid|glycolipids]] yawanci suna dauke da adadin kwayar halitta ta carbon, yawanci tsakanin 16 da 20. 16- da 18-carbon fatty acids sune mafi yawanci. Ana iya cika acid mai ƙiba ko ba a cika shi ba, tare da tsari na haɗin biyu kusan koyaushe "cis". Tsawon da kuma matakin rashin cikawa na sarkar mai suna da tasiri mai zurfi a kan ruwa na membrane kamar yadda lipids marasa cikawa ke haifar da kink, hana fatty acids daga tattarawa tare kamar yadda yake da ƙarfi, don haka rage zafin narkewa (ƙara ruwa) na membrane.<ref name="Lodish-2000a2">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref><ref name="Cooper-20002">{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Geoffrey M. |name-list-style=vanc |date=2000 |title=Structure of the Plasma Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |url-status=live |journal=The Cell: A Molecular Approach |language=en |edition=2nd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919234732/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |archive-date=2017-09-19}}</ref> Ikon wasu kwayoyin halitta don daidaita [[Membrane fluidity|ruwa na membranes na sel]] ta hanyar canza abun da ke cikin lipid ana kiransa homeoviscous adaptation. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hzgly24oe5tlhziycum84wi1f05prwk Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri 0 179246 967634 2026-10-14T19:55:20Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363033200|Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri]]" 967634 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri''' (a hukumance PM Shri Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri) babbar makarantar sakandare ce ta hadin gwiwa wacce ke Janakpuri, West Delhi, Indiya. An kafa makarantar a shekarar 1973, [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]] (KVS), wata hukuma mai zaman kanta a ƙarƙashin [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta ƙasa (Indiya)|Ma'aikatar Ilimi]], Gwamnatin Indiya ce ke gudanar da ita. Cibiyar tana aiki a sassa biyu, inda aikin na biyu zai fara a watan Satumba na 2004. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri |url=https://janakpuri.kvs.ac.in/en/about-kv/}}</ref> Makarantar tana da matsayi na musamman na zama ofishin yanki na KVS Delhi daga Oktoba 1984 zuwa Nuwamba 1992. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Genesis {{!}} REGIONAL OFFICE, DELHI {{!}} India |url=https://rodelhi.kvs.gov.in/en/genesis/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> An sanya ta a matsayin Makarantar PM SHRI a ƙarƙashin shirin ilimi na Gwamnatin Indiya mai taken haɓaka makarantun ƙira a faɗin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PM SHRI Schools {{!}} KVS - Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Government of India {{!}} India |url=https://kvsangathan.nic.in/en/pm-shri-schools/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da shekarun farko === An kafa Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri a shekarar 1973 a matsayin wani ɓangare na cibiyar sadarwa ta Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS), wacce ke aiki a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Gwamnatin Indiya . An kafa wannan cibiyar ne domin samar da ingantaccen ilimi ga yaran ma'aikatan gwamnatin tsakiya da za a iya canjawa wuri, ciki har da waɗanda ke cikin ɓangaren tsaro da na sojoji masu zaman kansu, don tabbatar da ci gaba da ilimi duk da yawan ƙaura. === Hedkwatar ofishin yanki (1984–1992) === Daga Oktoba 1984 zuwa Nuwamba 1992, harabar makarantar ta yi aiki a matsayin hedikwatar Ofishin Yankin KVS Delhi, wanda aka ƙaura daga Kendriya Vidyalaya Sector 2, RK Puram. A wannan lokacin, Yankin Delhi ya ƙunshi makarantu 33, waɗanda tun daga lokacin suka faɗaɗa zuwa [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan|Kendriya Vidyalayas]] 69, gami da sauye-sauye na biyu. <ref name=":1" /> === Faɗaɗawa da ci gaban zamani === A watan Satumba na 2004, Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri ta faɗaɗa don biyan buƙatun ilimi da ke ƙaruwa ta hanyar ƙaddamar da aikinta na biyu. Dangane da sabbin bayanai da ake da su, kimanin ɗalibai 2,600 ne suka yi karatu a canjin aiki na farko, da kuma ɗalibai 1,300 a canjin aiki na biyu, tare da haɗin gwiwar ma'aikatan koyarwa sama da 128 na masu ilimi da ma'aikatan gudanarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=पीएम श्री केन्द्रीय विद्यालय जनकपुरी नई दिल्ली {{!}} India |url=https://janakpurishift2.kvs.ac.in/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Harabar jami'a da kayayyakin more rayuwa == === Wuri da kuma kayan aiki na gabaɗaya === Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri yana a C-2 Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110058. <ref>{{Cite journal |title=VIDYALAYA PROFILE JANAKPURI |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3kv02917f17d1a076a9ca052eb0e82c42/uploads/2024/05/2024053160.pdf? |journal=cdnbbsr}}</ref> === Yankin harabar jami'a === Makarantar ta mamaye fadin eka 7.37, wanda hakan ke samar da sarari don dalilai na ilimi, nishaɗi, da gudanarwa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=PM Shri Kendriya Vidyalaya (KV), Janakpuri, New Delhi: Admission, Fee, Affiliation |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/pm-shri-kendriya-vidyalaya-janakpuri-new-delhi |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=school.careers360.com |language=en}}</ref> === Kayayyakin ilimi === Makarantar tana da kayan aiki na ilimi, ciki har da: * Azuzuwan da ke da fasahar allo mai wayo * Dakunan karatu masu kyau ga ɗalibai biyu * Dakunan gwaje-gwajen kimiyya don kimiyyar lissafi, sinadarai, da ilmin halitta * Dakunan gwaje-gwajen kwamfuta da kuma azuzuwan lantarki masu amfani da fasahar sadarwa (ICT) * Dakin Gwaji na Harshe na Dijital * Atal Tinkering Lab (wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2020) don ilimin kirkire-kirkire da fasaha <ref name=":0" /> === Wasanni da nishaɗi === Harabar makarantar tana da wurare masu yawa na wasanni, ciki har da: * Filin wasa don wasan ƙwallon raga, [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]], wasannin motsa jiki, da [[wasannin gargajiya na Indiya]] * Filin wasan badminton da wasan teburi * Filin [[Kurket|wasan kurket]] da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] <ref name=":2" /> === Ƙarin wurare === Sauran abubuwan more rayuwa na harabar jami'a sun haɗa da: * Wuraren kiwon lafiya da shirye-shiryen lafiya * Na'urar sanya ido ta CCTV don tsaro * Tsarin tsarkake ruwa * Hanyoyin zamani da wuraren shakatawa masu kyau <ref name=":2" /> == Malamai == === Manhaja ta Manhaja === Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri tana da alaƙa da Hukumar Ilimi ta Tsakiya (CBSE) a ƙarƙashin lambar haɗin gwiwa 2700007. Makarantar tana bin manhajar karatu ta CBSE daga Aji na 1 zuwa Aji na 12, tana ba da ilimi mai inganci kuma wanda aka amince da shi a duk faɗin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=- SARAS |url=https://saras.cbse.gov.in/SARAS/AffiliatedList/AfflicationDetails/2700007 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=saras.cbse.gov.in}}</ref> === Manyan hanyoyin sakandare === A matakin +2 (Aji XI–XII), Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri tana bayar da kwararar ilimi guda uku a dukkan lokutan biyu: * [[Ilmi|Kimiyya]] (tare da zaɓuɓɓukan Ayyukan [[Biology|Halittu]] da Informatics ) * Kasuwanci * Ilimin ɗan adam / Fasaha An tsara waɗannan hanyoyin don biyan buƙatun ɗalibai daban-daban da kuma burin aiki. <ref name=":0" /> === Harshen koyarwa === Makarantar tana aiki a matsayin cibiyar da ke da harsuna biyu, tana ba da koyarwa a harsunan [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] da [[Turanci|Ingilishi]], wanda ke taimaka wa ɗalibai su sami ƙwarewa a harsunan biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TEACHING OF REGIONAL LANGUAGE IN KENDRIYA VIDYALAYAS |url=https://sansad.in/getFile/loksabhaquestions/annex/183/AU123_N2eKcy.pdf?source=pqals}}</ref> === Aikin ilimi === Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri ta ci gaba da samun sakamako mai kyau a fannin ilimi a Jarrabawar Hukumar CBSE, inda ta ci gaba da samun maki mai yawa a jarrabawar Aji na X da Aji na XII. Kendriya Vidyalayas a yankin Delhi sun sami maki mafi yawa a tarihi, wanda ya wuce kashi 99%. == Ayyukan haɗin gwiwa == === 'Yan leƙen asiri da jagorori === Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri yana da ingantaccen shirin Scouts da jagorori . Dalibai suna shiga cikin ayyukan leƙen asiri daban-daban, ciki har da tarurrukan gangami, sansanonin sojoji, da ayyukan hidimar al'umma. Makarantar tana shirya sansanonin Rajya Puraskar da Rashtrapati Puraskar, kuma ɗalibai daga azuzuwan III zuwa na biyar suna shiga ayyukan Cubs da Bulbul. Waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna da nufin haɓaka jagoranci, ladabi, da kuma ɗaukar nauyin zamantakewa tsakanin ɗalibai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NCC/Scout & Guides |url=https://janakpuri.kvs.ac.in/en/ncc-scout-guides/}}</ref> === Atal Tinkering Lab === An kafa Atal Tinkering Lab a farkon shekarar 2020, kuma yana haɓaka kirkire-kirkire, halayyar kimiyya, da kuma ilmantarwa ta hannu a cikin fasahohin zamani, ciki har da na'urorin robot, bugu na 3D, na'urorin lantarki, da kuma [[Kirkirar Basira|basirar wucin gadi]] . Dalibai suna shiga cikin ƙalubalen ƙirƙira da gasannin ƙasa da ƙungiyar Atal Innovation Mission ta shirya a ƙarƙashin NITI Aayog . <ref>{{Cite web |last=AvianWe |title=Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) |url=https://aim.gov.in/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) |language=en}}</ref> === Majalisar Matasa === Makarantar tana shiga cikin gasar Majalisar Matasa ta Ƙasa, tana ba wa ɗalibai dandamali don shiga cikin muhawara irin ta 'yan majalisa, haɓaka ƙwarewar jagoranci, da fahimtar hanyoyin dimokuraɗiyya. Gasar tana haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a da kuma iya magana a bainar jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Youth Parliament Janakpuri |url=https://janakpuri.kvs.ac.in/en/youth-parliament/}}</ref> === Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat === A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin haɗin gwiwa na ƙasa, makarantar tana gudanar da ayyukan da ke nuna bambancin al'adu, ciki har da raye-rayen gargajiya, kiɗan gargajiya, nune-nunen fasaha, koyon harshe, da musayar al'adu da ƙasashe masu haɗin gwiwa. Wannan shirin yana nuna haɗin kai a cikin bambancin ra'ayi kuma ana gudanar da shi kowace shekara a Kendriya Vidyalayas. <ref>{{Cite web |title=एक भारत श्रेष्ठ भारत |url=https://janakpuri.kvs.ac.in/en/ek-bharat-shrestha-bharat/}}</ref> === Nasarorin wasanni === Ɗaliban KV Janakpuri sun samu nasara a gasar wasanni ta yanki da ta ƙasa. A gasar cin kofin Delhi ta 2022 da yankin KVS Delhi ya shirya, dalibai sun yi fice a wasan kwallon raga, wasannin motsa jiki, da wasannin kungiya. Dalibai takwas sun shiga gasar wasanni ta ƙasa baki ɗaya kuma sun sami matsayi na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi Cup - 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXnjJydemKM}}</ref> === Ayyukan al'adu === Makarantar tana shirya shirye-shiryen al'adu na yau da kullun waɗanda suka haɗa da: * Bukukuwan Ranar Shekara-shekara * Bikin Ranar 'Yanci da kuma Bikin Ranar Jamhuriya * Nunin kimiyya * Gasar fasaha da sana'a * Waƙoƙin kiɗa da rawa <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Kendriya Vidyalya Janakpuri |url=https://janakpuri.kvs.ac.in/}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == === Kyaututtukan cibiyoyi === Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri ta sami lambobin yabo da dama na cibiyoyi saboda matsayinta na ilimi da kuma gudunmawarta ga ilimi na gaba ɗaya: * An zaɓe shi a matsayin Makarantar PM SHRI a ƙarƙashin shirin Gwamnatin Indiya na ƙasa don haɓaka makarantun ƙira. * Na sami kyautar Makaranta Mai Kyau ga Muhalli (2013) don ayyukan da suka daɗe a harabar jami'a. * An karrama ta da lambar yabo ta "Girls-Centric Education and Training Award" (2018) saboda haɓaka ilimi mai haɗaka da ƙarfafawa ga ɗalibai mata. === Nasarorin malamai === An karrama malaman makarantar a matakin yanki da na ƙasa saboda ƙwarewarsu a fannin koyarwa da kirkire-kirkire: * Sh. Kyautar Harshen Hindi ta Sushil Upadhyay (2024) saboda ƙwarewa a fannin ilimin Hindi. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Teacher Achiever |url=https://janakpurishift2.kvs.ac.in/teacher-achiever/}}</ref> * Mrs. Punita – Kyautar Laxmi Mazumdar saboda gudunmawar da ta bayar ga ƙungiyar Bharat Scouts da Guides . <ref name=":3" /> * Mrs. Monika Batra – Kyauta ta Yanki don kayan koyarwa masu ƙirƙira ( ''Littafin Technofun'' ). <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |title=ACHIEVEMENTS KVJP |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3kv02917f17d1a076a9ca052eb0e82c42/uploads/2024/05/2024053160.pdf |journal=cdnbbsr}}</ref> * Ms. Manpreet Kaur – Kyauta ta Yanki don ƙirƙirar sabbin abubuwa na ilimi ( ''Littafin Technofun'' ). <ref name=":4" /> * Mista Vinay Kumar – Kyautar Malami Mai Kirkire-kirkire don haɗa fasaha da ilimin aji. === Nasarorin ɗalibai === Daliban Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri sun sami karramawa a fannin ilimi, ayyukan da suka shafi manhaja, da wasanni a matakin jiha, yanki, da kuma ƙasa: * Kasancewa da nasara akai-akai a gasar Olympics ta ƙasa da ta ƙasa (Lissafi, Kimiyya, Intanet, da kuma gasar Olympics ta kore). * Wakilci a Nunin Kimiyya da Zamantakewa na Ƙasa wanda [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]] da NCERT suka shirya. * An yi gagarumin wasan kwaikwayo a Kala Utsav, inda ɗalibai ke wakiltar Yankin Delhi a matakin ƙasa. * Masu lashe lambobin yabo da yawa a taron wasanni na yanki da na ƙasa na KVS, musamman a wasan ƙwallon raga, wasannin motsa jiki, da kuma tarurrukan ƙungiya. * Shiga cikin gasannin Lab na Atal Tinkering, gami da ƙalubalen matakin ƙasa wanda Ofishin Atal Innovation Mission, NITI Aayog, ya shirya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Student Achiever |url=https://janakpuri.kvs.ac.in/en/student-achiever/}}</ref> == Majalisar ɗalibai da jagoranci == Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri tana da Majalisar Dalibai masu aiki da ake zaɓa kowace shekara don ƙarfafa ɗalibai su shiga cikin shugabancin makaranta, ladabtarwa, da ayyukan haɗin gwiwa na manhaja. Majalisar ta ƙunshi mukamai kamar Kyaftin Makaranta (Sarara da 'Yan Mata), Mataimakan Kyaftin, Kyaftin na Majalisa, Kyaftin na Wasanni, Kyaftin na Ayyukan Kwas ɗin Haɗaka (CCA), Kyaftin na Ladabtarwa, da Kyaftin na Buga Littattafai. <ref name=":5" /> == Taken makaranta da falsafa == Taken Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri shine "Tat Tvam Pooshan Apavrinu" (तत् त्वं पूषण अपावृणु), ayar da ta samo asali daga ''Isha Upanishad'' . Yana fassara zuwa:<blockquote>"Ya Ubangiji, fuskar Gaskiya an lulluɓe ta da faifan zinare. Don Allah ka cire wannan rufin ka bayyana gaskiya ga mai neman adalci."</blockquote>Wannan ka'ida mai jagora tana nuna falsafar ilimi ta makarantar, wadda ke jaddada: * Neman gaskiya da ilimi ta hanyar koyo mai kyau. * Cire jahilci da sanin kai a matsayin hanyar samun wayewa . * Ilimi a matsayin hanyar adalci ( dharma ) da kuma ci gaban ɗan adam gaba ɗaya. Taken ya yi daidai da hangen nesa na [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]], wanda ke neman haɓaka ilimi, ɗabi'a, da ruhaniya a cikin ɗalibai tare da haɓaka haɗin kai na ƙasa da wayar da kan jama'a a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=rnpatel1962 |date=2020-12-14 |title=KVS Foundation Day |url=https://kvlakhisarailibrarysite.wordpress.com/2020/12/14/kvs-foundation-day/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |language=en}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin Kendriya Vidyalayas * [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]] * Babban Hukumar Ilimi ta Sakandare * Majalisar Ƙasa ta Bincike da Horarwa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nffhjxbuebsstlhfi0mnh7wlekyr1x9 967636 967634 2026-10-14T19:56:56Z Baffa ali 47435 967636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri''' (a hukumance PM Shri Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri) babbar makarantar sakandare ce ta hadin gwiwa wacce ke Janakpuri, West Delhi, Indiya. An kafa makarantar a shekarar 1973, [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]] (KVS), wata hukuma mai zaman kanta a ƙarƙashin [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta ƙasa (Indiya)|Ma'aikatar Ilimi]], Gwamnatin Indiya ce ke gudanar da ita. Cibiyar tana aiki a sassa biyu, inda aikin na biyu zai fara a watan Satumba na 2004. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri |url=https://janakpuri.kvs.ac.in/en/about-kv/}}</ref> Makarantar tana da matsayi na musamman na zama ofishin yanki na KVS Delhi daga Oktoba 1984 zuwa Nuwamba 1992. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Genesis {{!}} REGIONAL OFFICE, DELHI {{!}} India |url=https://rodelhi.kvs.gov.in/en/genesis/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> An sanya ta a matsayin Makarantar PM SHRI a ƙarƙashin shirin ilimi na Gwamnatin Indiya mai taken haɓaka makarantun ƙira a faɗin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PM SHRI Schools {{!}} KVS - Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Government of India {{!}} India |url=https://kvsangathan.nic.in/en/pm-shri-schools/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da shekarun farko === An kafa Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri a shekarar 1973 a matsayin wani ɓangare na cibiyar sadarwa ta Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS), wacce ke aiki a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Gwamnatin Indiya . An kafa wannan cibiyar ne domin samar da ingantaccen ilimi ga yaran ma'aikatan gwamnatin tsakiya da za a iya canjawa wuri, ciki har da waɗanda ke cikin ɓangaren tsaro da na sojoji masu zaman kansu, don tabbatar da ci gaba da ilimi duk da yawan ƙaura. === Hedkwatar ofishin yanki (1984–1992) === Daga Oktoba 1984 zuwa Nuwamba 1992, harabar makarantar ta yi aiki a matsayin hedikwatar Ofishin Yankin KVS Delhi, wanda aka ƙaura daga Kendriya Vidyalaya Sector 2, RK Puram. A wannan lokacin, Yankin Delhi ya ƙunshi makarantu 33, waɗanda tun daga lokacin suka faɗaɗa zuwa [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan|Kendriya Vidyalayas]] 69, gami da sauye-sauye na biyu. <ref name=":1" /> === Faɗaɗawa da ci gaban zamani === A watan Satumba na 2004, Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri ta faɗaɗa don biyan buƙatun ilimi da ke ƙaruwa ta hanyar ƙaddamar da aikinta na biyu. Dangane da sabbin bayanai da ake da su, kimanin ɗalibai 2,600 ne suka yi karatu a canjin aiki na farko, da kuma ɗalibai 1,300 a canjin aiki na biyu, tare da haɗin gwiwar ma'aikatan koyarwa sama da 128 na masu ilimi da ma'aikatan gudanarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=पीएम श्री केन्द्रीय विद्यालय जनकपुरी नई दिल्ली {{!}} India |url=https://janakpurishift2.kvs.ac.in/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Harabar jami'a da kayayyakin more rayuwa == === Wuri da kuma kayan aiki na gabaɗaya === Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri yana a C-2 Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110058. <ref>{{Cite journal |title=VIDYALAYA PROFILE JANAKPURI |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3kv02917f17d1a076a9ca052eb0e82c42/uploads/2024/05/2024053160.pdf? |journal=cdnbbsr}}</ref> === Yankin harabar jami'a === Makarantar ta mamaye fadin eka 7.37, wanda hakan ke samar da sarari don dalilai na ilimi, nishaɗi, da gudanarwa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=PM Shri Kendriya Vidyalaya (KV), Janakpuri, New Delhi: Admission, Fee, Affiliation |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/pm-shri-kendriya-vidyalaya-janakpuri-new-delhi |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=school.careers360.com |language=en}}</ref> === Kayayyakin ilimi === Makarantar tana da kayan aiki na ilimi, ciki har da: * Azuzuwan da ke da fasahar allo mai wayo * Dakunan karatu masu kyau ga ɗalibai biyu * Dakunan gwaje-gwajen kimiyya don kimiyyar lissafi, sinadarai, da ilmin halitta * Dakunan gwaje-gwajen kwamfuta da kuma azuzuwan lantarki masu amfani da fasahar sadarwa (ICT) * Dakin Gwaji na Harshe na Dijital * Atal Tinkering Lab (wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2020) don ilimin kirkire-kirkire da fasaha <ref name=":0" /> === Wasanni da nishaɗi === Harabar makarantar tana da wurare masu yawa na wasanni, ciki har da: * Filin wasa don wasan ƙwallon raga, [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]], wasannin motsa jiki, da [[wasannin gargajiya na Indiya]] * Filin wasan badminton da wasan teburi * Filin [[Kurket|wasan kurket]] da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] <ref name=":2" /> === Ƙarin wurare === Sauran abubuwan more rayuwa na harabar jami'a sun haɗa da: * Wuraren kiwon lafiya da shirye-shiryen lafiya * Na'urar sanya ido ta CCTV don tsaro * Tsarin tsarkake ruwa * Hanyoyin zamani da wuraren shakatawa masu kyau <ref name=":2" /> == Malamai == === Manhaja ta Manhaja === Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri tana da alaƙa da Hukumar Ilimi ta Tsakiya (CBSE) a ƙarƙashin lambar haɗin gwiwa 2700007. Makarantar tana bin manhajar karatu ta CBSE daga Aji na 1 zuwa Aji na 12, tana ba da ilimi mai inganci kuma wanda aka amince da shi a duk faɗin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=- SARAS |url=https://saras.cbse.gov.in/SARAS/AffiliatedList/AfflicationDetails/2700007 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=saras.cbse.gov.in}}</ref> === Manyan hanyoyin sakandare === A matakin +2 (Aji XI–XII), Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri tana bayar da kwararar ilimi guda uku a dukkan lokutan biyu: * [[Ilmi|Kimiyya]] (tare da zaɓuɓɓukan Ayyukan [[Biology|Halittu]] da Informatics ) * Kasuwanci * Ilimin ɗan adam / Fasaha An tsara waɗannan hanyoyin don biyan buƙatun ɗalibai daban-daban da kuma burin aiki. <ref name=":0" /> === Harshen koyarwa === Makarantar tana aiki a matsayin cibiyar da ke da harsuna biyu, tana ba da koyarwa a harsunan [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] da [[Turanci|Ingilishi]], wanda ke taimaka wa ɗalibai su sami ƙwarewa a harsunan biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TEACHING OF REGIONAL LANGUAGE IN KENDRIYA VIDYALAYAS |url=https://sansad.in/getFile/loksabhaquestions/annex/183/AU123_N2eKcy.pdf?source=pqals}}</ref> === Aikin ilimi === Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri ta ci gaba da samun sakamako mai kyau a fannin ilimi a Jarrabawar Hukumar CBSE, inda ta ci gaba da samun maki mai yawa a jarrabawar Aji na X da Aji na XII. Kendriya Vidyalayas a yankin Delhi sun sami maki mafi yawa a tarihi, wanda ya wuce kashi 99%. == Ayyukan haɗin gwiwa == === 'Yan leƙen asiri da jagorori === Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri yana da ingantaccen shirin Scouts da jagorori . Dalibai suna shiga cikin ayyukan leƙen asiri daban-daban, ciki har da tarurrukan gangami, sansanonin sojoji, da ayyukan hidimar al'umma. Makarantar tana shirya sansanonin Rajya Puraskar da Rashtrapati Puraskar, kuma ɗalibai daga azuzuwan III zuwa na biyar suna shiga ayyukan Cubs da Bulbul. Waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna da nufin haɓaka jagoranci, ladabi, da kuma ɗaukar nauyin zamantakewa tsakanin ɗalibai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NCC/Scout & Guides |url=https://janakpuri.kvs.ac.in/en/ncc-scout-guides/}}</ref> === Atal Tinkering Lab === An kafa Atal Tinkering Lab a farkon shekarar 2020, kuma yana haɓaka kirkire-kirkire, halayyar kimiyya, da kuma ilmantarwa ta hannu a cikin fasahohin zamani, ciki har da na'urorin robot, bugu na 3D, na'urorin lantarki, da kuma [[Kirkirar Basira|basirar wucin gadi]] . Dalibai suna shiga cikin ƙalubalen ƙirƙira da gasannin ƙasa da ƙungiyar Atal Innovation Mission ta shirya a ƙarƙashin NITI Aayog . <ref>{{Cite web |last=AvianWe |title=Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) |url=https://aim.gov.in/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) |language=en}}</ref> === Majalisar Matasa === Makarantar tana shiga cikin gasar Majalisar Matasa ta Ƙasa, tana ba wa ɗalibai dandamali don shiga cikin muhawara irin ta 'yan majalisa, haɓaka ƙwarewar jagoranci, da fahimtar hanyoyin dimokuraɗiyya. Gasar tana haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a da kuma iya magana a bainar jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Youth Parliament Janakpuri |url=https://janakpuri.kvs.ac.in/en/youth-parliament/}}</ref> === Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat === A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin haɗin gwiwa na ƙasa, makarantar tana gudanar da ayyukan da ke nuna bambancin al'adu, ciki har da raye-rayen gargajiya, kiɗan gargajiya, nune-nunen fasaha, koyon harshe, da musayar al'adu da ƙasashe masu haɗin gwiwa. Wannan shirin yana nuna haɗin kai a cikin bambancin ra'ayi kuma ana gudanar da shi kowace shekara a Kendriya Vidyalayas. <ref>{{Cite web |title=एक भारत श्रेष्ठ भारत |url=https://janakpuri.kvs.ac.in/en/ek-bharat-shrestha-bharat/}}</ref> === Nasarorin wasanni === Ɗaliban KV Janakpuri sun samu nasara a gasar wasanni ta yanki da ta ƙasa. A gasar cin kofin Delhi ta 2022 da yankin KVS Delhi ya shirya, dalibai sun yi fice a wasan kwallon raga, wasannin motsa jiki, da wasannin kungiya. Dalibai takwas sun shiga gasar wasanni ta ƙasa baki ɗaya kuma sun sami matsayi na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi Cup - 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXnjJydemKM}}</ref> === Ayyukan al'adu === Makarantar tana shirya shirye-shiryen al'adu na yau da kullun waɗanda suka haɗa da: * Bukukuwan Ranar Shekara-shekara * Bikin Ranar 'Yanci da kuma Bikin Ranar Jamhuriya * Nunin kimiyya * Gasar fasaha da sana'a * Waƙoƙin kiɗa da rawa <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Kendriya Vidyalya Janakpuri |url=https://janakpuri.kvs.ac.in/}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == === Kyaututtukan cibiyoyi === Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri ta sami lambobin yabo da dama na cibiyoyi saboda matsayinta na ilimi da kuma gudunmawarta ga ilimi na gaba ɗaya: * An zaɓe shi a matsayin Makarantar PM SHRI a ƙarƙashin shirin Gwamnatin Indiya na ƙasa don haɓaka makarantun ƙira. * Na sami kyautar Makaranta Mai Kyau ga Muhalli (2013) don ayyukan da suka daɗe a harabar jami'a. * An karrama ta da lambar yabo ta "Girls-Centric Education and Training Award" (2018) saboda haɓaka ilimi mai haɗaka da ƙarfafawa ga ɗalibai mata. === Nasarorin malamai === An karrama malaman makarantar a matakin yanki da na ƙasa saboda ƙwarewarsu a fannin koyarwa da kirkire-kirkire: * Sh. Kyautar Harshen Hindi ta Sushil Upadhyay (2024) saboda ƙwarewa a fannin ilimin Hindi. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Teacher Achiever |url=https://janakpurishift2.kvs.ac.in/teacher-achiever/}}</ref> * Mrs. Punita – Kyautar Laxmi Mazumdar saboda gudunmawar da ta bayar ga ƙungiyar Bharat Scouts da Guides . <ref name=":3" /> * Mrs. Monika Batra – Kyauta ta Yanki don kayan koyarwa masu ƙirƙira ( ''Littafin Technofun'' ). <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |title=ACHIEVEMENTS KVJP |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3kv02917f17d1a076a9ca052eb0e82c42/uploads/2024/05/2024053160.pdf |journal=cdnbbsr}}</ref> * Ms. Manpreet Kaur – Kyauta ta Yanki don ƙirƙirar sabbin abubuwa na ilimi ( ''Littafin Technofun'' ). <ref name=":4" /> * Mista Vinay Kumar – Kyautar Malami Mai Kirkire-kirkire don haɗa fasaha da ilimin aji. === Nasarorin ɗalibai === Daliban Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri sun sami karramawa a fannin ilimi, ayyukan da suka shafi manhaja, da wasanni a matakin jiha, yanki, da kuma ƙasa: * Kasancewa da nasara akai-akai a gasar Olympics ta ƙasa da ta ƙasa (Lissafi, Kimiyya, Intanet, da kuma gasar Olympics ta kore). * Wakilci a Nunin Kimiyya da Zamantakewa na Ƙasa wanda [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]] da NCERT suka shirya. * An yi gagarumin wasan kwaikwayo a Kala Utsav, inda ɗalibai ke wakiltar Yankin Delhi a matakin ƙasa. * Masu lashe lambobin yabo da yawa a taron wasanni na yanki da na ƙasa na KVS, musamman a wasan ƙwallon raga, wasannin motsa jiki, da kuma tarurrukan ƙungiya. * Shiga cikin gasannin Lab na Atal Tinkering, gami da ƙalubalen matakin ƙasa wanda Ofishin Atal Innovation Mission, NITI Aayog, ya shirya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Student Achiever |url=https://janakpuri.kvs.ac.in/en/student-achiever/}}</ref> == Majalisar ɗalibai da jagoranci == Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri tana da Majalisar Dalibai masu aiki da ake zaɓa kowace shekara don ƙarfafa ɗalibai su shiga cikin shugabancin makaranta, ladabtarwa, da ayyukan haɗin gwiwa na manhaja. Majalisar ta ƙunshi mukamai kamar Kyaftin Makaranta (Sarara da 'Yan Mata), Mataimakan Kyaftin, Kyaftin na Majalisa, Kyaftin na Wasanni, Kyaftin na Ayyukan Kwas ɗin Haɗaka (CCA), Kyaftin na Ladabtarwa, da Kyaftin na Buga Littattafai. <ref name=":5" /> == Taken makaranta da falsafa == Taken Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri shine "Tat Tvam Pooshan Apavrinu" (तत् त्वं पूषण अपावृणु), ayar da ta samo asali daga ''Isha Upanishad'' . Yana fassara zuwa:<blockquote>"Ya Ubangiji, fuskar Gaskiya an lulluɓe ta da faifan zinare. Don Allah ka cire wannan rufin ka bayyana gaskiya ga mai neman adalci."</blockquote>Wannan ka'ida mai jagora tana nuna falsafar ilimi ta makarantar, wadda ke jaddada: * Neman gaskiya da ilimi ta hanyar koyo mai kyau. * Cire jahilci da sanin kai a matsayin hanyar samun wayewa . * Ilimi a matsayin hanyar adalci ( dharma ) da kuma ci gaban ɗan adam gaba ɗaya. Taken ya yi daidai da hangen nesa na [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]], wanda ke neman haɓaka ilimi, ɗabi'a, da ruhaniya a cikin ɗalibai tare da haɓaka haɗin kai na ƙasa da wayar da kan jama'a a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=rnpatel1962 |date=2020-12-14 |title=KVS Foundation Day |url=https://kvlakhisarailibrarysite.wordpress.com/2020/12/14/kvs-foundation-day/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |language=en}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin Kendriya Vidyalayas * [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]] * Babban Hukumar Ilimi ta Sakandare * Majalisar Ƙasa ta Bincike da Horarwa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] krthkmuxs668qzm28njmrf0ot0cxsm7 Tattaunawar user:GatoLiteral 3 179247 967638 2026-10-14T21:23:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967638 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, GatoLiteral! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/GatoLiteral|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 3s0456sficijcco3sm3rci4op4brjcx Tattaunawar user:Haris Shuaibu Tondi 3 179248 967639 2026-10-14T21:23:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967639 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Haris Shuaibu Tondi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Haris Shuaibu Tondi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) fo2ota6ogvd3b9bs1j41rnv76dltqcu Tattaunawar user:Dini Nasiru 3 179249 967640 2026-10-14T21:23:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967640 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Dini Nasiru! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Dini Nasiru|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) mx660mbzogsy7dk3zo5i4ss1ajeog3k Tattaunawar user:EulerMascheroni0577 3 179250 967641 2026-10-14T21:23:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967641 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, EulerMascheroni0577! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/EulerMascheroni0577|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ddcgjc1ktjyjuczab1uo58papuye714 Tattaunawar user:Jamilu Hamisu Ibrahim 3 179251 967642 2026-10-14T21:23:55Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967642 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Jamilu Hamisu Ibrahim! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Jamilu Hamisu Ibrahim|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) mfpncoqhgdadrwy5yui71ifdowej148 Tattaunawar user:Uyb60 3 179252 967643 2026-10-14T21:24:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967643 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Uyb60! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Uyb60|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ti7eplrg2t5mp8kfiddfzpqrwg5m6vh Tattaunawar user:Dika Part IV 3 179253 967644 2026-10-14T21:24:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967644 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Dika Part IV! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Dika Part IV|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) mrjuntaxty88ord30l082gqev9j565q Tattaunawar user:Bryminefiel 3 179254 967645 2026-10-14T21:24:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967645 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bryminefiel! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bryminefiel|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 1ri018jydk18b2qq7zow4h3v6vdx8a9 Tattaunawar user:Wiki syds 3 179255 967646 2026-10-14T21:24:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967646 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Wiki syds! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Wiki syds|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 54ypxukskn01zrxlnbeskjdjo1b6oue Tattaunawar user:WKatastrof 3 179256 967647 2026-10-14T21:24:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967647 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, WKatastrof! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/WKatastrof|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) pr9yn6rsi3nbf9uzc24a4a3thokfmzq Tattaunawar user:Julenetxe5 3 179257 967648 2026-10-14T21:24:55Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967648 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Julenetxe5! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Julenetxe5|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) p21kj2w8suq4wpbtmo8qfflq0twh7ok Tattaunawar user:YacoobPL 3 179258 967649 2026-10-14T21:25:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967649 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, YacoobPL! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/YacoobPL|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 9yb9nx2pczwxd6356l2x7djiyc6f7yb Tattaunawar user:TheGreatEditor024 3 179259 967650 2026-10-14T21:25:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967650 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TheGreatEditor024! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TheGreatEditor024|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 2sxp3hdzjiecs6b60q1wdfaiuh6qzj9 Tattaunawar user:Ranjanguptav 3 179260 967651 2026-10-14T21:25:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967651 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ranjanguptav! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ranjanguptav|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) am3fra5z7nhg7kamlkqw3ramsvm3p69 Tattaunawar user:PratikGumte 3 179261 967652 2026-10-14T21:25:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967652 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, PratikGumte! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/PratikGumte|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) l3kxmnpjm7uw83nhqiy6v1mcrtgh2rl Tattaunawar user:Imnipotent2.0 3 179262 967653 2026-10-14T21:25:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967653 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Imnipotent2.0! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Imnipotent2.0|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) d49o0v6qgqqoqbxilqeorvz5fouwsnb Tattaunawar user:CVKeresztes 3 179263 967654 2026-10-14T21:25:55Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967654 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, CVKeresztes! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/CVKeresztes|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lhcxv1cmuaafaokh6nng278fa0bbo7f Tattaunawar user:Soggy15 3 179264 967655 2026-10-14T21:26:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967655 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Soggy15! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Soggy15|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) p2xv8tx0a7cxl92bfelv7amnggho5cz Tattaunawar user:Sadik B Danladi 3 179265 967656 2026-10-14T21:26:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967656 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sadik B Danladi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sadik B Danladi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) tf47jhv2wp8ovxysiqj852h1o8s2ozr Tattaunawar user:FútbolARG 3 179266 967657 2026-10-14T21:26:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967657 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, FútbolARG! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/FútbolARG|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) b6e9u0es3e7anxpp6vzu9nzvgi20o3n Tattaunawar user:Laco4D 3 179267 967658 2026-10-14T21:26:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967658 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Laco4D! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Laco4D|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 152iow3sjejmk62yqvw0q72r3s6ld7j Tattaunawar user:S k , Khalit 3 179268 967659 2026-10-14T21:26:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967659 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, S k , Khalit! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/S k , Khalit|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) gnqcq1n8axgxtakrnu9aa5ttlh4omho Tattaunawar user:GeorgeCaulfield 3 179269 967660 2026-10-14T21:26:55Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967660 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, GeorgeCaulfield! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/GeorgeCaulfield|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) hu5xnfb7b8jaui8hsmh6srn248bruqb Tattaunawar user:TheLizard8 3 179270 967661 2026-10-14T21:27:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967661 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TheLizard8! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TheLizard8|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) px2ltu5hiif03n39eiv64yxrv9hvuki Tattaunawar user:Halima sani 3 179271 967662 2026-10-14T21:27:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967662 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Halima sani! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Halima sani|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) go1fcmypqevdbyst2sqn308m7gs98en Daniel Gbegi Orsaa 0 179272 967696 2026-10-14T22:37:36Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Daniel Gbegi Orsaa | occupation = Farfesa, malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | field = Lissafin kuɗi, harkokin kuɗi, binciken kuɗi | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''Daniel Gbegi Orsaa''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin lissafin kuɗi da harkokin kuɗi. Yana aiki a [[Federal University of Kashere]], Jihar Gombe, inda shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Facul... 967696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Daniel Gbegi Orsaa | occupation = Farfesa, malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | field = Lissafin kuɗi, harkokin kuɗi, binciken kuɗi | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''Daniel Gbegi Orsaa''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin lissafin kuɗi da harkokin kuɗi. Yana aiki a [[Federal University of Kashere]], Jihar Gombe, inda shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Faculty of Management Sciences (Sub-Dean).<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Management Sciences |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-management-sciences/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=14 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin ilimi == Orsaa yana da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting na Federal University of Kashere. Mujallu na ilimi sun bayyana shi a matsayin farfesa a fannin Accounting and Finance.<ref name="Gusau">{{cite journal |last1=Aliyu Saleh |first1=Munir |last2=Bappah |first2=Sirajo |last3=Gbegi |first3=Daniel Orsaa |last4=Adamu Saleh |first4=Ibrahim |title=Environmental Sustainability Disclosure and Market Value of Listed Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria |journal=Gusau Journal of Accounting and Finance |volume=3 |issue=1 |date=2022 |url=https://journals.gujaf.com.ng/index.php/gujaf/article/view/164 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Orsaa ya gudanar da bincike kan lissafin kuɗi, gudanar da kamfanoni, aikin bankuna, da bayyana bayanan kuɗi da muhalli. A shekarar 2023, ya haɗa kai da Philip Jehu, Danladi Friday Apuwa da Ishaq Ahmed Mohammed wajen wallafa bincike kan alaƙar aikin kamfanoni da bayyana bayanan alhakin zamantakewa na kamfanonin da aka jera a Najeriya. An wallafa binciken a Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance.<ref name="KAJAF2023">{{cite journal |last1=Jehu |first1=Philip |last2=Apuwa |first2=Danladi Friday |last3=Gbegi |first3=Daniel Orsaa |last4=Mohammed |first4=Ishaq Ahmed |title=Firm Performance and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure of Listed Companies in Nigeria: Inference from GMM Model |journal=Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=26–44 |date=2023 |url=https://kajaf.com.ng/index.php/kajaf/article/view/32 }}</ref> A shekarar 2024, Orsaa ya haɗa kai da Ibrahim Caleb da Philip Jehu wajen binciken tasirin rancen banki ga aikin kuɗi na kamfanonin kayan masarufi da aka jera a kasuwar hannayen jari ta Najeriya. An wallafa binciken a Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance.<ref name="KAJAF2024">{{cite journal |last1=Caleb |first1=Ibrahim |last2=Jehu |first2=Philip |last3=Gbegi |first3=Daniel Orsaa |title=Effect of Bank Credit on Financial Performance of Listed Consumer Goods Companies in Nigeria |journal=Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=69–82 |date=2024 |url=https://kajaf.com.ng/index.php/kajaf/article/view/42 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] 3ung4zplv6eyzq87kjydqai11j0zaut Philip Begho 0 179273 967697 2026-10-14T22:38:11Z M Bash Ne 12403 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377516255|Philip Begho]]" 967697 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philip Begho''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1956) [[Adabin Najeriya|Marubucin Najeriya]] ne (mai wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin yara, marubucin littafi, marubucin gajeren labari, kuma mawaki), marubucin littattafai sama da arba'in. An haife shi a ƙaramar hukumar [[Warri]], dake [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], na mahaifin [[Mutanen Itsekiri|Itsekiri]] kuma mahaifiyar tseren tsakiya, ya sami karatun sakandare a Kwalejin King, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], kuma ya sami LLB. daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] da LL.M. daga Jami'ar London (London School of Economics). Koda yake a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin marubuci na cikakken lokaci, ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida, ma'aikacin banki, ɗan kasuwa, likitan shari'a da kuma malamin jami'a. Ya kuma shiga cikin fina-finai da wasan kwaikwayo. Rubuce-rubucensa masu ban mamaki a fim, talabijin, rediyo da kuma mataki, kuma yawancin wasansa sun sami kyaututtuka. Ya kuma rubuta waƙoƙi da ayyukan da ba na almara ba, kuma littafinsa na doka Company Formation: Precedents on Objects of Incorporation ya shiga cikin bugu da yawa. == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === An karɓi wani ɓangare na ilimin firamare na Philip Begho a Makarantar Grange, [[Ikeja]], Legas, amma lokacin da aka tura mahaifinsa, wanda ya kasance babban majistare a Ikeja, zuwa [[Benin City (Birnin Benin)|Birnin Benin]] kuma daga baya aka nada shi alƙali a sabuwar yankin Mid-Western, <ref>Begho, M.A. (1988), ''The Dog-Bite Magistrate'', p. 80, The Daily Times of Nigeria Ltd, Lagos. {{ISBN|978-144-009-0}}</ref> ya ci gaba da karatun firamare a can a Makarantar Kasuwancin Emotan. A shekara ta 1967 an shigar da shi a [[King's College, Lagos|Kwalejin Sarki, Legas]] kuma ya fara rubutu yana da shekaru goma sha ɗaya don wallafe-wallafen makaranta guda biyu - The Searchlight da The Mermaid . Ya kasance mai ban sha'awa sosai a lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare, kuma yana da shekaru goma sha uku ya ɓace yayin da yake bincika hanyar da ke cikin daji kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya ga abubuwa masu ban mamaki, wanda zai iya ba da gudummawa ga tunanin da ya haifar da tunanin yaransa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Ya wakilci makarantarsa da [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] a gasa ta wasanni, ya yi fice a tsalle-tsalle da kuma abubuwan da suka faru, kuma an nada shi mataimakin kyaftin din makaranta a shekararsa ta ƙarshe. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga Nigerian Observer kafin ya fara karatun digiri na farko a fannin shari'a a shekarar 1974 a Jami'ar Legas.. A shekarar 1975 ya sami tallafin karatu don yin fice a fannin ilimi kuma yana cikin jerin shugabannin jami'a a shekarar 1976, kafin ya kammala karatunsa da lambar yabo a shekarar 1977. An shigar da shi makarantar koyon shari'a ta Najeriya da ke Legas kuma aka kira shi zuwa lauya a shekarar 1978.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2020}}. === Farkon aiki === Bayan ƴan watanni bayan kiran da ya yi zuwa mashaya a shekara ta 1978, an rubuta Philip Begho a cikin Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Ƙasa kuma an tura shi [[Jos]] a Jihar Plateau, inda aikinsa na farko ya kasance a matsayin mai bincike a Kwalejin Ma'aikatan ƴan sanda a Bukuru. A lokacin shirin shekara guda, ya fara samun shakku mai tsanani game da neman aiki a cikin sana'a da ya fara samun ƙuntatawa. Amma idan ba doka ba, menene? Matsayinsa ya karu, kuma ya yanke shawarar rubuta waka game da shi. Yayin da ya gama kuma ya riƙe waka a hannunsa, sai ya buge shi cewa yana riƙe da "me?"Tabbas ba za ku iya yin aikin waka ba, ba sai dai idan kun kasance sanannen marubucin waka ba, amma za ku iya zama ɗaya daga cikin rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro a matsayin marubuci, don haka marubucin littafi ya yanke shawarar zama. Amma bukatun samun rayuwa ya nuna cewa dole ne ya fara aiki, don haka lokacin da aka gayyace shi ya shiga Kamfanin lauya na tsohon malaminsa, ya yarda da sauri. Yayinda yake aiki a can, ya yi aiki a matsayin dan kasuwa da fatan cewa zai sami isasshen kuɗi don samun 'yanci don yin abin da yake so. Amma ba tare da samun irin wannan sa'a ba, ya yarda da wuri a cikin shekarar 1980 don yin karatu a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, Jami'ar London, don LL.M. Ya yi aiki shekara guda kawai a kamfanin lauya a Legas, amma lokacin da yake can ya yi nasara sosai har ya sami tayin komawa kamfanin a matsayin ƙaramin abokin tarayya. Amma lokacin da ya sami digiri na biyu a cikin shekarar 1981, ya fara aiki tare da Citibank N.A. kuma an tura shi zuwa Glyfada, [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] a matsayin mai horar da shi. Aikin ya kasance mai fa'ida sosai, amma lokacin da ya rubuta littafi, wanda bai samu a LSE ba, har yanzu bai iya samu a Citibank ba. Har ila yau bai same shi ba lokacin da ya koma Najeriya a shekarar 1982 kuma ya zama malami a [[Jami'ar Benin]] . A shekara ta 1983 ya bar aikin koyarwa kuma, yana rayuwa a kan kuɗaɗen da aka adana, ya fara rubutu. Ya kammala litattafai uku kafin kuɗin ya ƙare, kuma biyu daga cikinsu - ''Alero: na Mafarki...''da The Lecturer's Dilemma - an yarda da su don bugawa ta Jami'o'in Afirka. Amma ba a taɓa buga su ba kuma dalilin da aka ba shi ne cewa yanayin tashin hankali da tattalin arzikin ya ɗauka ba zai iya ci gaba da littattafai ba banda littattafan rubutu. Ba tare da kudi ba, ya yi tunanin yana da kyau ya koma shari'a, don haka ya tafi Legas don kafa kamfaninsa na lauya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya daga shekarar 1984 har sai da ya koma ɗan lokaci a cikin shekarar 1987 zuwa Burtaniya Amma kafin ya bar ya rubuta kuma ya buga bugu na farko na Kamfanin: Precedents on Objects of Incorporation . Wannan ya faru ne a shekarar 1986. === Ayyukan rubuce-rubuce === Tun daga lokacin da ya kafa a London a watan Yulin shekarar 1987, lauyan a Philip Begho ya ɓace. A matsayinsa akwai sabon mutum, wanda ya ga cewa idan mafarkin rubuce-rubuce, wanda ya mutu a cikin mutane da yawa, ba zai mutu a cikinsa ba, dole ne ya sadaukar da ƙwarewarsa ta ilimi da ƙwarewar sana'a kuma ya ci gaba da yin ayyukan da ba su da muhimmanci wanda zai 'yantar da shi ya rubuta. Don haka, yana aiki a cikin ayyukan tsaftacewa wanda ya ɗauki ƴan sa'o'i kawai da yamma, ya yi aiki da rana a cikin ɗakunan karatu, yana horo don aikin rubutu. A ƙarshen shekara ta 1988, saboda bai iya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo ba, an motsa shi ya fara wasan ''Esther''. Bincike da makirci ya dauki shi shekaru biyu, kuma ba har zuwa farkon shekarar 1991 ba ne ya kasance a shirye don fara tattaunawar. Ikon rubutawa a cikin aya, wanda ya daɗe ana so, ta hanyar mu'ujiza ya zo masa ya ce, kuma ya sami damar rubuta tattaunawar a cikin aya wanda aka bayyana a matsayin tabbatacce da kyau a cikin sautin. An kammala ''Esther'' a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1991 kuma a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1992 Philip Begho ya koma Najeriya. Da yake hawa da tiger-back na katsewar wutar lantarki da tashin hankali na zamantakewa wanda ya nuna Legas a 1993, ya fara kuma ya kammala ''Daniyel'', wani wasa na aya. ''Esther'' da ''Daniyel'' sun shiga cikin rubuce-rubuce don Kyautar Wasan kwaikwayo ta [[Kungiyar Marubuta ta Najeriya|Ƙungiyar Marubutan Najeriya]] (ANA) a cikin shekarar 1994, kuma ''Esther'' ta lashe yayin da ''Daniyel'' ya zo na biyu. Amma ''Daniyel'' ne, maimakon ''Esther'', wanda aka fara samarwa, cike da jigogi da suka ba da murya ga gwagwarmayar mutane a cikin shekarun Abacha. An shirya shi zuwa yabo mai mahimmanci a Jami'ar Legas da kuma Cibiyar MUSON ta Najeriya a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1994. Kayan wasan kwaikwayon sun nuna irin waɗannan manyan fitilu na matakin Najeriya kamar [[Joke Silva]], Ayo Lijadu da Ihria Enakimio, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin an sake yin wasanni da yawa. An buga ''Daniyel'' (wanda aka fi sani da Power of Lions) a shekara ta 2001 kuma ''Esther'' ta biyo baya a shekara ta 2002. Har ila yau, an buga shi a shekara ta 2002 wasan kwaikwayo na uku na Philip Begho, ''Matar Ayuba'', wani wasan aya. ''Matar Ayuba'' ta lashe kyautar wasan kwaikwayo ta 2002 ta Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA). Amma Philip Begho ba wai kawai ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo ba. Ya rubuta don talabijin, rediyo da fim, kuma yana rubuta ƙarin litattafai a kwanakin nan. Littafinsa ''Songbird'' ya sa lambar yabo ta Isidore Okpewho Prose ta shekarar 2003 kuma an sanya shi cikin gajeren jerin sunayen don Kyautar Najeriya ta shekarar 2004 don Littattafai. Littafin yaransa Aunty Felicia ya lashe kyautar ANA / Matatu ta shekarar 2003 don wallafe-wallafen yara, yayin da Aunty Felilia Returns ta lashe kyautar wallafe-wallo ta yara ta shekarar 2005 ANA / Atiku Abubakar . === Jigogi da salon === Sanarwar Philip Begho game da tasirin da wallafe-wallafen da zane-zane ke da shi wajen tsara dabi'un al'umma a bayyane yake a cikin aikinsa, kuma almara, ko ga manya ko yara, yana da alaƙa da irin waɗannan kyawawan halaye kamar gaskiya, adalci da adalci da matsayinsu na yaki da matsalolin al'umma. Wani mai sukar ya tafi har ya ce yana amfani da wallafe-wallafen kirkira don kawo mutane kusa da Allah. Game da salon, Philip Begho, ya rungumi wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya haɗu da waka. === Rayuwa a waje da rubuce-rubuce === Philip Begho Kirista ne na Bishara wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya haɗu da Kristi Yesu wanda ya juya rayuwarsa a shekara ta 1986. Yana da sauri ya danganta jagorancin aikinsa da girmansa ga jagorancin Allah da taimako. Lokacin da bai rubuta ba sai ya shiga cikin ba da shawara ga Kirista da horar da aiki kuma yana ba da lokaci don gudanar da ƙungiyoyin wasa da koyo ga yara. Yana jin daɗin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, fina-finai, kiɗa, rawa, tafiya, wasan tennis, badminton da iyo. == Bayanan littattafai == === Wasan kwaikwayo === # ''Daniyel'' (wanda aka fi sani da Power of Lions; Legas: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2001) # ''Esther'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2002) # ''Matar Ayuba'' (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2002) # ''Titi Rella'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2004) # Yarinyar Jefta (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2006) # Leopard Woman (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Traffic Jam Kids (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Solomon (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Joseph (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Nabuchadnezzar (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2010) # ''Jael'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''An haife shi Sarki'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Predator (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Smallie (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 2: Yaushe Ya Kamata Na Yi Aure? '' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 3: The Rubbishians'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 4: Taron Aure'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Smallie 5: The Beggar (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Smallie 6: The Sandwich (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Smallie 7: Littattafai biyar (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 8: titin Biyu'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 9: Ranar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 10: Makarantar Daze'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 11: Siffar NEPA'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 12: Dimokuradiyya ta Gaskiya'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) === Magana === # ''Songbird'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2002) # Strange World (Tarin gajerun labaru; Legas: Littattafan Monarch, 2004) # ''Jelly Baby'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2004) # Aunty Felicia (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2003) # Aunty Felicia Returns (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2005) # Aunty Felicia Ta tafi Yankari (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Aunty Felicia Ta je makaranta (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Aunty Felicia a cikin Mugun daji'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Aunty Felicia Ta je Ikilisiya (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2010) # ''Sarki Omatosan'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Chuma the Terror (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2010) # Crab Story (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) === Waƙoƙi === * Tulip na Nilu (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2003) === Ba tatsuniyoyi ba === # ''Kafawar Kamfanin: Abubuwan da suka gabata akan Abubuwan Haɗuwa'' (1986; Legas: Littattafan Masarauta, 1993, 2003, 2009) # Harsuna Aflame (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2003) == Kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka == # Kungiyar Marubutan Najeriya (ANA) Kyautar Wasan kwaikwayo ta 1994 # Karanta a cikin Festa Short Story 1st Prize 2001 # Kyautar ANA/NDDC JP Clark-Bekederemo don Wasan kwaikwayo 2002 # Kyautar ANA / Matatu don Littattafan Yara 2003 # Kyautar Isidore Okpewho Prose ta 2003 # Kyautar ANA/Atiku Abubakar don wallafe-wallafen yara ta 2005 == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin marubutan Afirka ta ƙasa|Jerin marubutan Afirka]] * Jerin mawaƙa na Afirka == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h5ymjbu2t8z3y08io8mw8z8bkwe4wpm 967698 967697 2026-10-14T22:39:15Z M Bash Ne 12403 /* Rayuwa ta farko */ 967698 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philip Begho''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1956) [[Adabin Najeriya|Marubucin Najeriya]] ne (mai wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin yara, marubucin littafi, marubucin gajeren labari, kuma mawaki), marubucin littattafai sama da arba'in. An haife shi a ƙaramar hukumar [[Warri]], dake [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], na mahaifin [[Mutanen Itsekiri|Itsekiri]] kuma mahaifiyar tseren tsakiya, ya sami karatun sakandare a Kwalejin King, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], kuma ya sami LLB. daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] da LL.M. daga Jami'ar London (London School of Economics). Koda yake a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin marubuci na cikakken lokaci, ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida, ma'aikacin banki, ɗan kasuwa, likitan shari'a da kuma malamin jami'a. Ya kuma shiga cikin fina-finai da wasan kwaikwayo. Rubuce-rubucensa masu ban mamaki a fim, talabijin, rediyo da kuma mataki, kuma yawancin wasansa sun sami kyaututtuka. Ya kuma rubuta waƙoƙi da ayyukan da ba na almara ba, kuma littafinsa na doka Company Formation: Precedents on Objects of Incorporation ya shiga cikin bugu da yawa. == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === An karɓi wani ɓangare na ilimin firamare na Philip Begho a Makarantar Grange, [[Ikeja]], Legas, amma lokacin da aka tura mahaifinsa, wanda ya kasance babban majistare a Ikeja, zuwa [[Benin City (Birnin Benin)|Birnin Benin]] kuma daga baya aka nada shi alƙali a sabuwar yankin Mid-Western, <ref>Begho, M.A. (1988), ''The Dog-Bite Magistrate'', p. 80, The Daily Times of Nigeria Ltd, Lagos. {{ISBN|978-144-009-0}}</ref> ya ci gaba da karatun firamare a can a Makarantar Kasuwancin Emotan. A shekara ta 1967 an shigar da shi a [[King's College, Lagos|Kwalejin Sarki, Legas]] kuma ya fara rubutu yana da shekaru goma sha ɗaya don wallafe-wallafen makaranta guda biyu - The Searchlight da The Mermaid . Ya kasance mai ban sha'awa sosai a lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare, kuma yana da shekaru goma sha uku ya ɓace yayin da yake bincika hanyar da ke cikin daji kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya ga abubuwa masu ban mamaki, wanda zai iya ba da gudummawa ga tunanin da ya haifar da tunanin yaransa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Ya wakilci makarantarsa da [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] a gasa ta wasanni, ya yi fice a tsalle-tsalle da kuma abubuwan da suka faru, kuma an nada shi mataimakin kyaftin din makaranta a shekararsa ta ƙarshe. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga Nigerian Observer kafin ya fara karatun digiri na farko a fannin shari'a a shekarar 1974 a Jami'ar Legas.. A shekarar 1975 ya sami tallafin karatu don yin fice a fannin ilimi kuma yana cikin jerin shugabannin jami'a a shekarar 1976, kafin ya kammala karatunsa da lambar yabo a shekarar 1977. An shigar da shi makarantar koyon shari'a ta Najeriya da ke Legas kuma aka kira shi zuwa lauya a shekarar 1978. === Farkon aiki === Bayan ƴan watanni bayan kiran da ya yi zuwa mashaya a shekara ta 1978, an rubuta Philip Begho a cikin Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Ƙasa kuma an tura shi [[Jos]] a Jihar Plateau, inda aikinsa na farko ya kasance a matsayin mai bincike a Kwalejin Ma'aikatan ƴan sanda a Bukuru. A lokacin shirin shekara guda, ya fara samun shakku mai tsanani game da neman aiki a cikin sana'a da ya fara samun ƙuntatawa. Amma idan ba doka ba, menene? Matsayinsa ya karu, kuma ya yanke shawarar rubuta waka game da shi. Yayin da ya gama kuma ya riƙe waka a hannunsa, sai ya buge shi cewa yana riƙe da "me?"Tabbas ba za ku iya yin aikin waka ba, ba sai dai idan kun kasance sanannen marubucin waka ba, amma za ku iya zama ɗaya daga cikin rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro a matsayin marubuci, don haka marubucin littafi ya yanke shawarar zama. Amma bukatun samun rayuwa ya nuna cewa dole ne ya fara aiki, don haka lokacin da aka gayyace shi ya shiga Kamfanin lauya na tsohon malaminsa, ya yarda da sauri. Yayinda yake aiki a can, ya yi aiki a matsayin dan kasuwa da fatan cewa zai sami isasshen kuɗi don samun 'yanci don yin abin da yake so. Amma ba tare da samun irin wannan sa'a ba, ya yarda da wuri a cikin shekarar 1980 don yin karatu a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, Jami'ar London, don LL.M. Ya yi aiki shekara guda kawai a kamfanin lauya a Legas, amma lokacin da yake can ya yi nasara sosai har ya sami tayin komawa kamfanin a matsayin ƙaramin abokin tarayya. Amma lokacin da ya sami digiri na biyu a cikin shekarar 1981, ya fara aiki tare da Citibank N.A. kuma an tura shi zuwa Glyfada, [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] a matsayin mai horar da shi. Aikin ya kasance mai fa'ida sosai, amma lokacin da ya rubuta littafi, wanda bai samu a LSE ba, har yanzu bai iya samu a Citibank ba. Har ila yau bai same shi ba lokacin da ya koma Najeriya a shekarar 1982 kuma ya zama malami a [[Jami'ar Benin]] . A shekara ta 1983 ya bar aikin koyarwa kuma, yana rayuwa a kan kuɗaɗen da aka adana, ya fara rubutu. Ya kammala litattafai uku kafin kuɗin ya ƙare, kuma biyu daga cikinsu - ''Alero: na Mafarki...''da The Lecturer's Dilemma - an yarda da su don bugawa ta Jami'o'in Afirka. Amma ba a taɓa buga su ba kuma dalilin da aka ba shi ne cewa yanayin tashin hankali da tattalin arzikin ya ɗauka ba zai iya ci gaba da littattafai ba banda littattafan rubutu. Ba tare da kudi ba, ya yi tunanin yana da kyau ya koma shari'a, don haka ya tafi Legas don kafa kamfaninsa na lauya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya daga shekarar 1984 har sai da ya koma ɗan lokaci a cikin shekarar 1987 zuwa Burtaniya Amma kafin ya bar ya rubuta kuma ya buga bugu na farko na Kamfanin: Precedents on Objects of Incorporation . Wannan ya faru ne a shekarar 1986. === Ayyukan rubuce-rubuce === Tun daga lokacin da ya kafa a London a watan Yulin shekarar 1987, lauyan a Philip Begho ya ɓace. A matsayinsa akwai sabon mutum, wanda ya ga cewa idan mafarkin rubuce-rubuce, wanda ya mutu a cikin mutane da yawa, ba zai mutu a cikinsa ba, dole ne ya sadaukar da ƙwarewarsa ta ilimi da ƙwarewar sana'a kuma ya ci gaba da yin ayyukan da ba su da muhimmanci wanda zai 'yantar da shi ya rubuta. Don haka, yana aiki a cikin ayyukan tsaftacewa wanda ya ɗauki ƴan sa'o'i kawai da yamma, ya yi aiki da rana a cikin ɗakunan karatu, yana horo don aikin rubutu. A ƙarshen shekara ta 1988, saboda bai iya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo ba, an motsa shi ya fara wasan ''Esther''. Bincike da makirci ya dauki shi shekaru biyu, kuma ba har zuwa farkon shekarar 1991 ba ne ya kasance a shirye don fara tattaunawar. Ikon rubutawa a cikin aya, wanda ya daɗe ana so, ta hanyar mu'ujiza ya zo masa ya ce, kuma ya sami damar rubuta tattaunawar a cikin aya wanda aka bayyana a matsayin tabbatacce da kyau a cikin sautin. An kammala ''Esther'' a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1991 kuma a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1992 Philip Begho ya koma Najeriya. Da yake hawa da tiger-back na katsewar wutar lantarki da tashin hankali na zamantakewa wanda ya nuna Legas a 1993, ya fara kuma ya kammala ''Daniyel'', wani wasa na aya. ''Esther'' da ''Daniyel'' sun shiga cikin rubuce-rubuce don Kyautar Wasan kwaikwayo ta [[Kungiyar Marubuta ta Najeriya|Ƙungiyar Marubutan Najeriya]] (ANA) a cikin shekarar 1994, kuma ''Esther'' ta lashe yayin da ''Daniyel'' ya zo na biyu. Amma ''Daniyel'' ne, maimakon ''Esther'', wanda aka fara samarwa, cike da jigogi da suka ba da murya ga gwagwarmayar mutane a cikin shekarun Abacha. An shirya shi zuwa yabo mai mahimmanci a Jami'ar Legas da kuma Cibiyar MUSON ta Najeriya a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1994. Kayan wasan kwaikwayon sun nuna irin waɗannan manyan fitilu na matakin Najeriya kamar [[Joke Silva]], Ayo Lijadu da Ihria Enakimio, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin an sake yin wasanni da yawa. An buga ''Daniyel'' (wanda aka fi sani da Power of Lions) a shekara ta 2001 kuma ''Esther'' ta biyo baya a shekara ta 2002. Har ila yau, an buga shi a shekara ta 2002 wasan kwaikwayo na uku na Philip Begho, ''Matar Ayuba'', wani wasan aya. ''Matar Ayuba'' ta lashe kyautar wasan kwaikwayo ta 2002 ta Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA). Amma Philip Begho ba wai kawai ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo ba. Ya rubuta don talabijin, rediyo da fim, kuma yana rubuta ƙarin litattafai a kwanakin nan. Littafinsa ''Songbird'' ya sa lambar yabo ta Isidore Okpewho Prose ta shekarar 2003 kuma an sanya shi cikin gajeren jerin sunayen don Kyautar Najeriya ta shekarar 2004 don Littattafai. Littafin yaransa Aunty Felicia ya lashe kyautar ANA / Matatu ta shekarar 2003 don wallafe-wallafen yara, yayin da Aunty Felilia Returns ta lashe kyautar wallafe-wallo ta yara ta shekarar 2005 ANA / Atiku Abubakar . === Jigogi da salon === Sanarwar Philip Begho game da tasirin da wallafe-wallafen da zane-zane ke da shi wajen tsara dabi'un al'umma a bayyane yake a cikin aikinsa, kuma almara, ko ga manya ko yara, yana da alaƙa da irin waɗannan kyawawan halaye kamar gaskiya, adalci da adalci da matsayinsu na yaki da matsalolin al'umma. Wani mai sukar ya tafi har ya ce yana amfani da wallafe-wallafen kirkira don kawo mutane kusa da Allah. Game da salon, Philip Begho, ya rungumi wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya haɗu da waka. === Rayuwa a waje da rubuce-rubuce === Philip Begho Kirista ne na Bishara wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya haɗu da Kristi Yesu wanda ya juya rayuwarsa a shekara ta 1986. Yana da sauri ya danganta jagorancin aikinsa da girmansa ga jagorancin Allah da taimako. Lokacin da bai rubuta ba sai ya shiga cikin ba da shawara ga Kirista da horar da aiki kuma yana ba da lokaci don gudanar da ƙungiyoyin wasa da koyo ga yara. Yana jin daɗin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, fina-finai, kiɗa, rawa, tafiya, wasan tennis, badminton da iyo. == Bayanan littattafai == === Wasan kwaikwayo === # ''Daniyel'' (wanda aka fi sani da Power of Lions; Legas: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2001) # ''Esther'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2002) # ''Matar Ayuba'' (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2002) # ''Titi Rella'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2004) # Yarinyar Jefta (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2006) # Leopard Woman (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Traffic Jam Kids (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Solomon (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Joseph (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Nabuchadnezzar (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2010) # ''Jael'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''An haife shi Sarki'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Predator (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Smallie (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 2: Yaushe Ya Kamata Na Yi Aure? '' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 3: The Rubbishians'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 4: Taron Aure'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Smallie 5: The Beggar (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Smallie 6: The Sandwich (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Smallie 7: Littattafai biyar (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 8: titin Biyu'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 9: Ranar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 10: Makarantar Daze'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 11: Siffar NEPA'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 12: Dimokuradiyya ta Gaskiya'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) === Magana === # ''Songbird'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2002) # Strange World (Tarin gajerun labaru; Legas: Littattafan Monarch, 2004) # ''Jelly Baby'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2004) # Aunty Felicia (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2003) # Aunty Felicia Returns (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2005) # Aunty Felicia Ta tafi Yankari (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Aunty Felicia Ta je makaranta (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Aunty Felicia a cikin Mugun daji'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Aunty Felicia Ta je Ikilisiya (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2010) # ''Sarki Omatosan'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Chuma the Terror (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2010) # Crab Story (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) === Waƙoƙi === * Tulip na Nilu (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2003) === Ba tatsuniyoyi ba === # ''Kafawar Kamfanin: Abubuwan da suka gabata akan Abubuwan Haɗuwa'' (1986; Legas: Littattafan Masarauta, 1993, 2003, 2009) # Harsuna Aflame (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2003) == Kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka == # Kungiyar Marubutan Najeriya (ANA) Kyautar Wasan kwaikwayo ta 1994 # Karanta a cikin Festa Short Story 1st Prize 2001 # Kyautar ANA/NDDC JP Clark-Bekederemo don Wasan kwaikwayo 2002 # Kyautar ANA / Matatu don Littattafan Yara 2003 # Kyautar Isidore Okpewho Prose ta 2003 # Kyautar ANA/Atiku Abubakar don wallafe-wallafen yara ta 2005 == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin marubutan Afirka ta ƙasa|Jerin marubutan Afirka]] * Jerin mawaƙa na Afirka == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] s29pm0dan31277x3xxv8k8sanw7dx4g 967699 967698 2026-10-14T22:39:47Z M Bash Ne 12403 967699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Philip Begho''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1956) [[Adabin Najeriya|Marubucin Najeriya]] ne (mai wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin yara, marubucin littafi, marubucin gajeren labari, kuma mawaki), marubucin littattafai sama da arba'in. An haife shi a ƙaramar hukumar [[Warri]], dake [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], na mahaifin [[Mutanen Itsekiri|Itsekiri]] kuma mahaifiyar tseren tsakiya, ya sami karatun sakandare a Kwalejin King, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], kuma ya sami LLB. daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] da LL.M. daga Jami'ar London (London School of Economics). Koda yake a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin marubuci na cikakken lokaci, ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida, ma'aikacin banki, ɗan kasuwa, likitan shari'a da kuma malamin jami'a. Ya kuma shiga cikin fina-finai da wasan kwaikwayo. Rubuce-rubucensa masu ban mamaki a fim, talabijin, rediyo da kuma mataki, kuma yawancin wasansa sun sami kyaututtuka. Ya kuma rubuta waƙoƙi da ayyukan da ba na almara ba, kuma littafinsa na doka Company Formation: Precedents on Objects of Incorporation ya shiga cikin bugu da yawa. == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === An karɓi wani ɓangare na ilimin firamare na Philip Begho a Makarantar Grange, [[Ikeja]], Legas, amma lokacin da aka tura mahaifinsa, wanda ya kasance babban majistare a Ikeja, zuwa [[Benin City (Birnin Benin)|Birnin Benin]] kuma daga baya aka nada shi alƙali a sabuwar yankin Mid-Western, <ref>Begho, M.A. (1988), ''The Dog-Bite Magistrate'', p. 80, The Daily Times of Nigeria Ltd, Lagos. {{ISBN|978-144-009-0}}</ref> ya ci gaba da karatun firamare a can a Makarantar Kasuwancin Emotan. A shekara ta 1967 an shigar da shi a [[King's College, Lagos|Kwalejin Sarki, Legas]] kuma ya fara rubutu yana da shekaru goma sha ɗaya don wallafe-wallafen makaranta guda biyu - The Searchlight da The Mermaid . Ya kasance mai ban sha'awa sosai a lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare, kuma yana da shekaru goma sha uku ya ɓace yayin da yake bincika hanyar da ke cikin daji kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya ga abubuwa masu ban mamaki, wanda zai iya ba da gudummawa ga tunanin da ya haifar da tunanin yaransa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Ya wakilci makarantarsa da [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] a gasa ta wasanni, ya yi fice a tsalle-tsalle da kuma abubuwan da suka faru, kuma an nada shi mataimakin kyaftin din makaranta a shekararsa ta ƙarshe. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga Nigerian Observer kafin ya fara karatun digiri na farko a fannin shari'a a shekarar 1974 a Jami'ar Legas.. A shekarar 1975 ya sami tallafin karatu don yin fice a fannin ilimi kuma yana cikin jerin shugabannin jami'a a shekarar 1976, kafin ya kammala karatunsa da lambar yabo a shekarar 1977. An shigar da shi makarantar koyon shari'a ta Najeriya da ke Legas kuma aka kira shi zuwa lauya a shekarar 1978. === Farkon aiki === Bayan ƴan watanni bayan kiran da ya yi zuwa mashaya a shekara ta 1978, an rubuta Philip Begho a cikin Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Ƙasa kuma an tura shi [[Jos]] a Jihar Plateau, inda aikinsa na farko ya kasance a matsayin mai bincike a Kwalejin Ma'aikatan ƴan sanda a Bukuru. A lokacin shirin shekara guda, ya fara samun shakku mai tsanani game da neman aiki a cikin sana'a da ya fara samun ƙuntatawa. Amma idan ba doka ba, menene? Matsayinsa ya karu, kuma ya yanke shawarar rubuta waka game da shi. Yayin da ya gama kuma ya riƙe waka a hannunsa, sai ya buge shi cewa yana riƙe da "me?"Tabbas ba za ku iya yin aikin waka ba, ba sai dai idan kun kasance sanannen marubucin waka ba, amma za ku iya zama ɗaya daga cikin rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro a matsayin marubuci, don haka marubucin littafi ya yanke shawarar zama. Amma bukatun samun rayuwa ya nuna cewa dole ne ya fara aiki, don haka lokacin da aka gayyace shi ya shiga Kamfanin lauya na tsohon malaminsa, ya yarda da sauri. Yayinda yake aiki a can, ya yi aiki a matsayin dan kasuwa da fatan cewa zai sami isasshen kuɗi don samun 'yanci don yin abin da yake so. Amma ba tare da samun irin wannan sa'a ba, ya yarda da wuri a cikin shekarar 1980 don yin karatu a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, Jami'ar London, don LL.M. Ya yi aiki shekara guda kawai a kamfanin lauya a Legas, amma lokacin da yake can ya yi nasara sosai har ya sami tayin komawa kamfanin a matsayin ƙaramin abokin tarayya. Amma lokacin da ya sami digiri na biyu a cikin shekarar 1981, ya fara aiki tare da Citibank N.A. kuma an tura shi zuwa Glyfada, [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] a matsayin mai horar da shi. Aikin ya kasance mai fa'ida sosai, amma lokacin da ya rubuta littafi, wanda bai samu a LSE ba, har yanzu bai iya samu a Citibank ba. Har ila yau bai same shi ba lokacin da ya koma Najeriya a shekarar 1982 kuma ya zama malami a [[Jami'ar Benin]] . A shekara ta 1983 ya bar aikin koyarwa kuma, yana rayuwa a kan kuɗaɗen da aka adana, ya fara rubutu. Ya kammala litattafai uku kafin kuɗin ya ƙare, kuma biyu daga cikinsu - ''Alero: na Mafarki...''da The Lecturer's Dilemma - an yarda da su don bugawa ta Jami'o'in Afirka. Amma ba a taɓa buga su ba kuma dalilin da aka ba shi ne cewa yanayin tashin hankali da tattalin arzikin ya ɗauka ba zai iya ci gaba da littattafai ba banda littattafan rubutu. Ba tare da kudi ba, ya yi tunanin yana da kyau ya koma shari'a, don haka ya tafi Legas don kafa kamfaninsa na lauya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya daga shekarar 1984 har sai da ya koma ɗan lokaci a cikin shekarar 1987 zuwa Burtaniya Amma kafin ya bar ya rubuta kuma ya buga bugu na farko na Kamfanin: Precedents on Objects of Incorporation . Wannan ya faru ne a shekarar 1986. === Ayyukan rubuce-rubuce === Tun daga lokacin da ya kafa a London a watan Yulin shekarar 1987, lauyan a Philip Begho ya ɓace. A matsayinsa akwai sabon mutum, wanda ya ga cewa idan mafarkin rubuce-rubuce, wanda ya mutu a cikin mutane da yawa, ba zai mutu a cikinsa ba, dole ne ya sadaukar da ƙwarewarsa ta ilimi da ƙwarewar sana'a kuma ya ci gaba da yin ayyukan da ba su da muhimmanci wanda zai 'yantar da shi ya rubuta. Don haka, yana aiki a cikin ayyukan tsaftacewa wanda ya ɗauki ƴan sa'o'i kawai da yamma, ya yi aiki da rana a cikin ɗakunan karatu, yana horo don aikin rubutu. A ƙarshen shekara ta 1988, saboda bai iya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo ba, an motsa shi ya fara wasan ''Esther''. Bincike da makirci ya dauki shi shekaru biyu, kuma ba har zuwa farkon shekarar 1991 ba ne ya kasance a shirye don fara tattaunawar. Ikon rubutawa a cikin aya, wanda ya daɗe ana so, ta hanyar mu'ujiza ya zo masa ya ce, kuma ya sami damar rubuta tattaunawar a cikin aya wanda aka bayyana a matsayin tabbatacce da kyau a cikin sautin. An kammala ''Esther'' a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1991 kuma a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1992 Philip Begho ya koma Najeriya. Da yake hawa da tiger-back na katsewar wutar lantarki da tashin hankali na zamantakewa wanda ya nuna Legas a 1993, ya fara kuma ya kammala ''Daniyel'', wani wasa na aya. ''Esther'' da ''Daniyel'' sun shiga cikin rubuce-rubuce don Kyautar Wasan kwaikwayo ta [[Kungiyar Marubuta ta Najeriya|Ƙungiyar Marubutan Najeriya]] (ANA) a cikin shekarar 1994, kuma ''Esther'' ta lashe yayin da ''Daniyel'' ya zo na biyu. Amma ''Daniyel'' ne, maimakon ''Esther'', wanda aka fara samarwa, cike da jigogi da suka ba da murya ga gwagwarmayar mutane a cikin shekarun Abacha. An shirya shi zuwa yabo mai mahimmanci a Jami'ar Legas da kuma Cibiyar MUSON ta Najeriya a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1994. Kayan wasan kwaikwayon sun nuna irin waɗannan manyan fitilu na matakin Najeriya kamar [[Joke Silva]], Ayo Lijadu da Ihria Enakimio, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin an sake yin wasanni da yawa. An buga ''Daniyel'' (wanda aka fi sani da Power of Lions) a shekara ta 2001 kuma ''Esther'' ta biyo baya a shekara ta 2002. Har ila yau, an buga shi a shekara ta 2002 wasan kwaikwayo na uku na Philip Begho, ''Matar Ayuba'', wani wasan aya. ''Matar Ayuba'' ta lashe kyautar wasan kwaikwayo ta 2002 ta Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA). Amma Philip Begho ba wai kawai ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo ba. Ya rubuta don talabijin, rediyo da fim, kuma yana rubuta ƙarin litattafai a kwanakin nan. Littafinsa ''Songbird'' ya sa lambar yabo ta Isidore Okpewho Prose ta shekarar 2003 kuma an sanya shi cikin gajeren jerin sunayen don Kyautar Najeriya ta shekarar 2004 don Littattafai. Littafin yaransa Aunty Felicia ya lashe kyautar ANA / Matatu ta shekarar 2003 don wallafe-wallafen yara, yayin da Aunty Felilia Returns ta lashe kyautar wallafe-wallo ta yara ta shekarar 2005 ANA / Atiku Abubakar . === Jigogi da salon === Sanarwar Philip Begho game da tasirin da wallafe-wallafen da zane-zane ke da shi wajen tsara dabi'un al'umma a bayyane yake a cikin aikinsa, kuma almara, ko ga manya ko yara, yana da alaƙa da irin waɗannan kyawawan halaye kamar gaskiya, adalci da adalci da matsayinsu na yaki da matsalolin al'umma. Wani mai sukar ya tafi har ya ce yana amfani da wallafe-wallafen kirkira don kawo mutane kusa da Allah. Game da salon, Philip Begho, ya rungumi wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya haɗu da waka. === Rayuwa a waje da rubuce-rubuce === Philip Begho Kirista ne na Bishara wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya haɗu da Kristi Yesu wanda ya juya rayuwarsa a shekara ta 1986. Yana da sauri ya danganta jagorancin aikinsa da girmansa ga jagorancin Allah da taimako. Lokacin da bai rubuta ba sai ya shiga cikin ba da shawara ga Kirista da horar da aiki kuma yana ba da lokaci don gudanar da ƙungiyoyin wasa da koyo ga yara. Yana jin daɗin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, fina-finai, kiɗa, rawa, tafiya, wasan tennis, badminton da iyo. == Bayanan littattafai == === Wasan kwaikwayo === # ''Daniyel'' (wanda aka fi sani da Power of Lions; Legas: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2001) # ''Esther'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2002) # ''Matar Ayuba'' (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2002) # ''Titi Rella'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2004) # Yarinyar Jefta (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2006) # Leopard Woman (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Traffic Jam Kids (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Solomon (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Joseph (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Nabuchadnezzar (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2010) # ''Jael'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''An haife shi Sarki'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Predator (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Smallie (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 2: Yaushe Ya Kamata Na Yi Aure? '' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 3: The Rubbishians'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 4: Taron Aure'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Smallie 5: The Beggar (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Smallie 6: The Sandwich (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Smallie 7: Littattafai biyar (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 8: titin Biyu'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 9: Ranar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 10: Makarantar Daze'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 11: Siffar NEPA'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Smallie 12: Dimokuradiyya ta Gaskiya'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) === Magana === # ''Songbird'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2002) # Strange World (Tarin gajerun labaru; Legas: Littattafan Monarch, 2004) # ''Jelly Baby'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2004) # Aunty Felicia (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2003) # Aunty Felicia Returns (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2005) # Aunty Felicia Ta tafi Yankari (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Aunty Felicia Ta je makaranta (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # ''Aunty Felicia a cikin Mugun daji'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Aunty Felicia Ta je Ikilisiya (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2010) # ''Sarki Omatosan'' (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) # Chuma the Terror (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2010) # Crab Story (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2010) === Waƙoƙi === * Tulip na Nilu (Lagos: Littattafan Sarkin sarakuna, 2003) === Ba tatsuniyoyi ba === # ''Kafawar Kamfanin: Abubuwan da suka gabata akan Abubuwan Haɗuwa'' (1986; Legas: Littattafan Masarauta, 1993, 2003, 2009) # Harsuna Aflame (Lagos: Littattafan Monarch, 2003) == Kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka == # Kungiyar Marubutan Najeriya (ANA) Kyautar Wasan kwaikwayo ta 1994 # Karanta a cikin Festa Short Story 1st Prize 2001 # Kyautar ANA/NDDC JP Clark-Bekederemo don Wasan kwaikwayo 2002 # Kyautar ANA / Matatu don Littattafan Yara 2003 # Kyautar Isidore Okpewho Prose ta 2003 # Kyautar ANA/Atiku Abubakar don wallafe-wallafen yara ta 2005 == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin marubutan Afirka ta ƙasa|Jerin marubutan Afirka]] * Jerin mawaƙa na Afirka == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6molaomz99g5rgh0w91f5u5qfz39o81 Mohammed Musa Bayero 0 179274 967700 2026-10-14T22:39:48Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Mohammed Musa Bayero | occupation = Ma'aikacin jami'a | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Aikin kula da jarrabawa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''Mohammed Musa Bayero''' ma'aikacin jami'a ne a Najeriya wanda yake da alaƙa da [[Federal University of Kashere]], jami'ar tarayya da ke Jihar Gombe. Shafin Faculty of Management Sciences na jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin jami'in kula da jarrabawa (Examination Officer).<ref nam... 967700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Mohammed Musa Bayero | occupation = Ma'aikacin jami'a | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Aikin kula da jarrabawa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''Mohammed Musa Bayero''' ma'aikacin jami'a ne a Najeriya wanda yake da alaƙa da [[Federal University of Kashere]], jami'ar tarayya da ke Jihar Gombe. Shafin Faculty of Management Sciences na jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin jami'in kula da jarrabawa (Examination Officer).<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Management Sciences |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-management-sciences/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=14 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aiki == Bayanin ma'aikatan Faculty of Management Sciences na Federal University of Kashere ya ambaci Bayero a matsayin Examination Officer. Wannan aiki yana da alaƙa da gudanarwa da shirya harkokin jarrabawa a jami'a.<ref name="FUK" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan jami'o'i na Najeriya]] 4xx0iua3ikfozdimmk83jfjer3ephd6 Chijioke Amu-Nnadi 0 179275 967704 2026-10-14T22:48:51Z M Bash Ne 12403 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374267149|Chijioke Amu-Nnadi]]" 967704 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chijioke Amu-Nnadi''' Chijioke Amu-Nnadi mawaƙi ne kuma marubuci ɗan Najeriya. Waƙoƙinsa na farko da aka buga sun fito a cikin kundin waƙoƙin sabuwar waƙar Najeriya da aka buga a shekarar 1987, Voices from the Fringe., wanda ya gyara [[Harry Garuba]] (Malthouse Press).<ref>{{Cite web |title=interview with chijioke amu-nnadi |url=http://www.sentinelpoetry.org.uk/0206/interview.htm |access-date=25 February 2018 |publisher=Sentinelpoetry.org.uk}}</ref> Amu-Nnadi shine marubucin ''wuta a cikin shekarar'' (2002), wanda ya lashe kyautar farko ta shekarar 2002 Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA) [[Gabriel Okara]] don shayari, fasalin mahajjata shekarar (2004) da kuma ta taga na sandcastle, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta shekarar 2013 ANA Poetry, da kuma kyautar Glenna Luschei ta farko don shayari na Afirka a cikin shekarar 2014. Har ila yau, yana da sunansa da kuma ba da kyauta ga ''Tafiyar kogi'' da kuma filin murya, dukansu an buga su a cikin shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A RIver's Journey by amu nnadi |url=https://amab.com.ng/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=369 |website=AMAB Book Store}}</ref> Amu Nnadi ya rubuta waka ba tare da alamar rubutu da manyan haruffa ba kuma ya buga ba tare da wani bayanan sirri ba, hoto da suna. Yana zaune a Port Harcourt, Najeriya, kuma ana karɓar waƙoƙinsa sosai a Afirka da waje. An fassara wasu waƙoƙinsa zuwa Italiyanci, Mutanen Espanya da Rasha. == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === An haifi Amu-Nnadi a cikin garin[[Benin]], babban birnin [[Edo|Jihar Edo]], kudancin Najeriya a shekarar 1962. Ya fito ne daga [[Enugu (city)|Enugu]]" yankin ƙaramar hukumar Igbo Etiti na jihar Enugu, Najeriya. Kamar yadda ya yarda, waƙoƙi sun zo masa da wuri a rayuwarsa, don amsa ƙalubalen daga aboki. A matsayinsa na dalibi na shekara ta farko na Mass Communication a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]], yana da damar raba aji ɗaya tare da wasu samari da ke son waka. Shi kadai ne wanda ba shi da lokacin waka kuma shi kadai ne wanda bai yi karatun adabi ba. A asirce, ya fara karanta shayari kuma ya kashe yawancin kuɗin aljihunsa a kowane irin littattafan adabi, musamman shayari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2013 |title=Chijioke Amu-Nnadi: We have authorship, not authority, over what we write |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/chijioke-amu-nnadi-we-have-authorship-not-authority-over-what-we-write/ |website=AfricanWriter.com}}</ref> === Ilimi da aiki === Amu-Nnadi ya yi karatun Sadarwar Jama'a a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]], inda ya sami kyaututtuka kamar Alumni Prize ga Mafi Kyawun Dalibi a Nazarin Gabaɗaya, Kyautar Sashen ga Mafi Kyawu Ɗalibi da ke Karatu da kuma Kyautar Daily Times ga Mafi Kyautar Ɗalibi a cikin Sadarwar Masanawa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Why I left Daily Times in 1992, by Amu-Nnadi |url=https://newtelegraphonline.com/2018/01/left-daily-times-1992-amu-nnadi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826125116/https://newtelegraphonline.com/2018/01/left-daily-times-1992-amu-nnadi/ |archive-date=26 August 2018 |access-date=19 January 2018 |website=newtelegraphonline.com}}</ref> Amu-Nnadi ya fi rubuta waka. Ba ya son a kira shi mawaki na Najeriya ko na Afirka saboda, kamar yadda ya nace, babu wani abu da ya fi ƙasƙantar da fasaha kamar yadda za a yi ƙoƙari, daga matsanancin nuna bambanci na zamantakewa, girman kai na al'adu da / ko saukin hankali, don iyakance shi zuwa wani yanki, wuri, jinsi da lokaci. Art, ya ci gaba, ya fi dacewa da hakan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FRI-YAY Author Profile: Chijioke Amu-nnadi – Zinny's Blog |url=http://www.zinnychukwuka.com/2017/10/fri-yay-author-profile-chijioke-amu.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921132655/https://www.zinnychukwuka.com/2017/10/fri-yay-author-profile-chijioke-amu.html |archive-date=2020-09-21 |access-date=2018-02-28}}</ref> Amu-Nnadi tana jin daɗin soyayya mai ɗorewa tare da rubutu. Ya bayyana kansa a matsayin mai son soyayya da abubuwa. Ya nace kan rubuta waka ba tare da manyan haruffa da cikakkun tsayawa ba, yana bayyana cewa waka rayuwa ce kanta kuma ruhun Allah ne da ke aiki ta hanyar bil'adama don fadada halitta, da kuma wadatar da rayuwa. Kamar yadda ya ce: "rayuwa ba ta da matsala na commas da yawa amma babu tsayawa. Waƙoƙi sun fi mutum girma a duk ƙididdiga".Wannan yana nuna aikin aikin waka. A cikin nasa kalmomi: "Rayuwa jirgin ƙasa ne na motsin rai da motsin rai wanda ba za a iya karyawa ba kuma ba za a sarrafa shi ba. Amu-Nnadi kuma ya buga ba tare da bayanan kansa ba saboda ya yi imanin cewa mutum ba zai iya mallakar abin da ya rubuta ba. Babu wani abu da ya fi girman kai da kuma inganta kansa, in ji shi. Amu-Nnadi kuma ƙwararren ƙwararren ɗan jarida ne. A halin yanzu shi darakta ne a Hukumar Raya Neja Delta, Port Harcourt, wata hukuma a cikin shugabancin da ke sauƙaƙe ci gaban ci gaba mai ɗorewa na yankin jihar Neja Delta na Najeriya. Ya yi aure sannan kuma yana da 'ya'ya uku. == Hanyar da ake amfani da ita == Waƙoƙin Amu Nnadi sun ƙunshi hotuna masu ƙarfi da misalai. An haifi salon sa ne daga zurfin ƙaunar da yake da ita ga harshe, da kuma sha'awarsa ga soyayya da wurare, da kuma wahayi da aka haifa daga baƙin ciki na tunawa game da rayuwa kamar yadda mawaki ke fuskanta. Babban sha'awarsa a cikin shayensa shine soyayya, saduwa da wurare da mutane, al'adu da abubuwan tunawa. A cikin waƙoƙin Amu Nnadi, ana iya bincika kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan ta hanyar kwatancin soyayya, kuma ana iya bayyana soyayya ta amfani da hotuna na abubuwa. Daga waƙoƙin Amu Nnadi, marubucin, Michael Chiedoziem Chukwudera ya rubuta:<blockquote>"Yawancin waƙoƙinsa, alal misali, iyaka kan soyayya da baƙin ciki, a cikin ƙuƙwalwar haɗuwa da kansa, wasu mutane da yanayi. Wadannan haɗuwa da kansu an saka su cikin hanyar rayuwar mai zane. Ya rubuta waƙoƙin soyayya a matsayin kwatanci na haɗuwa da shi, a matsayin furcin jin daɗin da ya fi motsa gidan kayan gargajiya, da kuma na sauran baƙin ciki da duk masoya suka sani. " <ref>{{Cite web |last=Review |first=The Kalahari |date=2020-05-21 |title=An Encounter with Amu Nnadi's Poetry and Philosophy |url=https://kalaharireview.com/an-encounter-with-amu-nnadis-poetry-and-philosophy-e9ed68aceb21 |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref></blockquote> == Ayyuka == * ''wuta a ciki'' (waƙoƙi) - 2002 ** Ya lashe kyautar ANA Gabriel Okara don waka. * ''Hanyar mahajjata'' (waƙoƙi) - 2005 ** An ƙaddamar da shi don 2005 NLNG NIGERIA PRIZE don LITERATURE * ''ta hanyar taga na sandcastle'' (waƙoƙi) - 2013 ** Wanda ya zo na biyu a 2013 NLNG Nigeria Prize for Literature ** Wanda ya lashe kyautar waka ta ANA 2013 ** Wanda ya lashe kyautar Glenna Luschei ta 2014 don Waƙoƙin AfirkaKyautar Glenna Luschei don Waƙoƙin Afirka * ihejuruonu (tarin waƙoƙin baƙin ciki) - 2014 * ''Tafiyar kogi'' (waƙoƙi) - 2016 * ''wani filin echoes'' (waƙoƙi) - 2016 * ''waƙoƙin soyayya'' (waƙoƙi) - 2021 A halin yanzu yana aiki a kan tarin shayari mai taken "eucalyptus," wanda za a saki a cikin shekarar 2022, da kuma kundin kiɗa mai taken komai kyakkyawa, wanda zai ƙunshi waƙoƙi bisa ga waƙoƙin daga waƙoƙinsa na soyayya, tarin da ya buga a baya (ta hanyar taga na sandcastle, tafiyar kogi, filin echoes), da kuma eucalyptum da ba a buga ba. == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin Haɗin waje == * Yada bisharar waka a Amurka [http://thenationonlineng.net/spreading-the-gospel-of-poetry-in-us/] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lsp2ge3nsw05d8r9afygll3dhp2pem0 967706 967704 2026-10-14T22:49:16Z M Bash Ne 12403 /* Manazarta */ 967706 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chijioke Amu-Nnadi''' Chijioke Amu-Nnadi mawaƙi ne kuma marubuci ɗan Najeriya. Waƙoƙinsa na farko da aka buga sun fito a cikin kundin waƙoƙin sabuwar waƙar Najeriya da aka buga a shekarar 1987, Voices from the Fringe., wanda ya gyara [[Harry Garuba]] (Malthouse Press).<ref>{{Cite web |title=interview with chijioke amu-nnadi |url=http://www.sentinelpoetry.org.uk/0206/interview.htm |access-date=25 February 2018 |publisher=Sentinelpoetry.org.uk}}</ref> Amu-Nnadi shine marubucin ''wuta a cikin shekarar'' (2002), wanda ya lashe kyautar farko ta shekarar 2002 Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA) [[Gabriel Okara]] don shayari, fasalin mahajjata shekarar (2004) da kuma ta taga na sandcastle, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta shekarar 2013 ANA Poetry, da kuma kyautar Glenna Luschei ta farko don shayari na Afirka a cikin shekarar 2014. Har ila yau, yana da sunansa da kuma ba da kyauta ga ''Tafiyar kogi'' da kuma filin murya, dukansu an buga su a cikin shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A RIver's Journey by amu nnadi |url=https://amab.com.ng/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=369 |website=AMAB Book Store}}</ref> Amu Nnadi ya rubuta waka ba tare da alamar rubutu da manyan haruffa ba kuma ya buga ba tare da wani bayanan sirri ba, hoto da suna. Yana zaune a Port Harcourt, Najeriya, kuma ana karɓar waƙoƙinsa sosai a Afirka da waje. An fassara wasu waƙoƙinsa zuwa Italiyanci, Mutanen Espanya da Rasha. == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === An haifi Amu-Nnadi a cikin garin[[Benin]], babban birnin [[Edo|Jihar Edo]], kudancin Najeriya a shekarar 1962. Ya fito ne daga [[Enugu (city)|Enugu]]" yankin ƙaramar hukumar Igbo Etiti na jihar Enugu, Najeriya. Kamar yadda ya yarda, waƙoƙi sun zo masa da wuri a rayuwarsa, don amsa ƙalubalen daga aboki. A matsayinsa na dalibi na shekara ta farko na Mass Communication a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]], yana da damar raba aji ɗaya tare da wasu samari da ke son waka. Shi kadai ne wanda ba shi da lokacin waka kuma shi kadai ne wanda bai yi karatun adabi ba. A asirce, ya fara karanta shayari kuma ya kashe yawancin kuɗin aljihunsa a kowane irin littattafan adabi, musamman shayari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2013 |title=Chijioke Amu-Nnadi: We have authorship, not authority, over what we write |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/chijioke-amu-nnadi-we-have-authorship-not-authority-over-what-we-write/ |website=AfricanWriter.com}}</ref> === Ilimi da aiki === Amu-Nnadi ya yi karatun Sadarwar Jama'a a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]], inda ya sami kyaututtuka kamar Alumni Prize ga Mafi Kyawun Dalibi a Nazarin Gabaɗaya, Kyautar Sashen ga Mafi Kyawu Ɗalibi da ke Karatu da kuma Kyautar Daily Times ga Mafi Kyautar Ɗalibi a cikin Sadarwar Masanawa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Why I left Daily Times in 1992, by Amu-Nnadi |url=https://newtelegraphonline.com/2018/01/left-daily-times-1992-amu-nnadi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826125116/https://newtelegraphonline.com/2018/01/left-daily-times-1992-amu-nnadi/ |archive-date=26 August 2018 |access-date=19 January 2018 |website=newtelegraphonline.com}}</ref> Amu-Nnadi ya fi rubuta waka. Ba ya son a kira shi mawaki na Najeriya ko na Afirka saboda, kamar yadda ya nace, babu wani abu da ya fi ƙasƙantar da fasaha kamar yadda za a yi ƙoƙari, daga matsanancin nuna bambanci na zamantakewa, girman kai na al'adu da / ko saukin hankali, don iyakance shi zuwa wani yanki, wuri, jinsi da lokaci. Art, ya ci gaba, ya fi dacewa da hakan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FRI-YAY Author Profile: Chijioke Amu-nnadi – Zinny's Blog |url=http://www.zinnychukwuka.com/2017/10/fri-yay-author-profile-chijioke-amu.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921132655/https://www.zinnychukwuka.com/2017/10/fri-yay-author-profile-chijioke-amu.html |archive-date=2020-09-21 |access-date=2018-02-28}}</ref> Amu-Nnadi tana jin daɗin soyayya mai ɗorewa tare da rubutu. Ya bayyana kansa a matsayin mai son soyayya da abubuwa. Ya nace kan rubuta waka ba tare da manyan haruffa da cikakkun tsayawa ba, yana bayyana cewa waka rayuwa ce kanta kuma ruhun Allah ne da ke aiki ta hanyar bil'adama don fadada halitta, da kuma wadatar da rayuwa. Kamar yadda ya ce: "rayuwa ba ta da matsala na commas da yawa amma babu tsayawa. Waƙoƙi sun fi mutum girma a duk ƙididdiga".Wannan yana nuna aikin aikin waka. A cikin nasa kalmomi: "Rayuwa jirgin ƙasa ne na motsin rai da motsin rai wanda ba za a iya karyawa ba kuma ba za a sarrafa shi ba. Amu-Nnadi kuma ya buga ba tare da bayanan kansa ba saboda ya yi imanin cewa mutum ba zai iya mallakar abin da ya rubuta ba. Babu wani abu da ya fi girman kai da kuma inganta kansa, in ji shi. Amu-Nnadi kuma ƙwararren ƙwararren ɗan jarida ne. A halin yanzu shi darakta ne a Hukumar Raya Neja Delta, Port Harcourt, wata hukuma a cikin shugabancin da ke sauƙaƙe ci gaban ci gaba mai ɗorewa na yankin jihar Neja Delta na Najeriya. Ya yi aure sannan kuma yana da 'ya'ya uku. == Hanyar da ake amfani da ita == Waƙoƙin Amu Nnadi sun ƙunshi hotuna masu ƙarfi da misalai. An haifi salon sa ne daga zurfin ƙaunar da yake da ita ga harshe, da kuma sha'awarsa ga soyayya da wurare, da kuma wahayi da aka haifa daga baƙin ciki na tunawa game da rayuwa kamar yadda mawaki ke fuskanta. Babban sha'awarsa a cikin shayensa shine soyayya, saduwa da wurare da mutane, al'adu da abubuwan tunawa. A cikin waƙoƙin Amu Nnadi, ana iya bincika kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan ta hanyar kwatancin soyayya, kuma ana iya bayyana soyayya ta amfani da hotuna na abubuwa. Daga waƙoƙin Amu Nnadi, marubucin, Michael Chiedoziem Chukwudera ya rubuta:<blockquote>"Yawancin waƙoƙinsa, alal misali, iyaka kan soyayya da baƙin ciki, a cikin ƙuƙwalwar haɗuwa da kansa, wasu mutane da yanayi. Wadannan haɗuwa da kansu an saka su cikin hanyar rayuwar mai zane. Ya rubuta waƙoƙin soyayya a matsayin kwatanci na haɗuwa da shi, a matsayin furcin jin daɗin da ya fi motsa gidan kayan gargajiya, da kuma na sauran baƙin ciki da duk masoya suka sani. " <ref>{{Cite web |last=Review |first=The Kalahari |date=2020-05-21 |title=An Encounter with Amu Nnadi's Poetry and Philosophy |url=https://kalaharireview.com/an-encounter-with-amu-nnadis-poetry-and-philosophy-e9ed68aceb21 |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref></blockquote> == Ayyuka == * ''wuta a ciki'' (waƙoƙi) - 2002 ** Ya lashe kyautar ANA Gabriel Okara don waka. * ''Hanyar mahajjata'' (waƙoƙi) - 2005 ** An ƙaddamar da shi don 2005 NLNG NIGERIA PRIZE don LITERATURE * ''ta hanyar taga na sandcastle'' (waƙoƙi) - 2013 ** Wanda ya zo na biyu a 2013 NLNG Nigeria Prize for Literature ** Wanda ya lashe kyautar waka ta ANA 2013 ** Wanda ya lashe kyautar Glenna Luschei ta 2014 don Waƙoƙin AfirkaKyautar Glenna Luschei don Waƙoƙin Afirka * ihejuruonu (tarin waƙoƙin baƙin ciki) - 2014 * ''Tafiyar kogi'' (waƙoƙi) - 2016 * ''wani filin echoes'' (waƙoƙi) - 2016 * ''waƙoƙin soyayya'' (waƙoƙi) - 2021 A halin yanzu yana aiki a kan tarin shayari mai taken "eucalyptus," wanda za a saki a cikin shekarar 2022, da kuma kundin kiɗa mai taken komai kyakkyawa, wanda zai ƙunshi waƙoƙi bisa ga waƙoƙin daga waƙoƙinsa na soyayya, tarin da ya buga a baya (ta hanyar taga na sandcastle, tafiyar kogi, filin echoes), da kuma eucalyptum da ba a buga ba. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin Haɗin waje == * Yada bisharar waka a Amurka [http://thenationonlineng.net/spreading-the-gospel-of-poetry-in-us/] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sokx345hcoihs1638kdx7emn1z8zw5g 967707 967706 2026-10-14T22:49:41Z M Bash Ne 12403 967707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Chijioke Amu-Nnadi''' Chijioke Amu-Nnadi mawaƙi ne kuma marubuci ɗan Najeriya. Waƙoƙinsa na farko da aka buga sun fito a cikin kundin waƙoƙin sabuwar waƙar Najeriya da aka buga a shekarar 1987, Voices from the Fringe., wanda ya gyara [[Harry Garuba]] (Malthouse Press).<ref>{{Cite web |title=interview with chijioke amu-nnadi |url=http://www.sentinelpoetry.org.uk/0206/interview.htm |access-date=25 February 2018 |publisher=Sentinelpoetry.org.uk}}</ref> Amu-Nnadi shine marubucin ''wuta a cikin shekarar'' (2002), wanda ya lashe kyautar farko ta shekarar 2002 Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA) [[Gabriel Okara]] don shayari, fasalin mahajjata shekarar (2004) da kuma ta taga na sandcastle, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta shekarar 2013 ANA Poetry, da kuma kyautar Glenna Luschei ta farko don shayari na Afirka a cikin shekarar 2014. Har ila yau, yana da sunansa da kuma ba da kyauta ga ''Tafiyar kogi'' da kuma filin murya, dukansu an buga su a cikin shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A RIver's Journey by amu nnadi |url=https://amab.com.ng/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=369 |website=AMAB Book Store}}</ref> Amu Nnadi ya rubuta waka ba tare da alamar rubutu da manyan haruffa ba kuma ya buga ba tare da wani bayanan sirri ba, hoto da suna. Yana zaune a Port Harcourt, Najeriya, kuma ana karɓar waƙoƙinsa sosai a Afirka da waje. An fassara wasu waƙoƙinsa zuwa Italiyanci, Mutanen Espanya da Rasha. == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === An haifi Amu-Nnadi a cikin garin[[Benin]], babban birnin [[Edo|Jihar Edo]], kudancin Najeriya a shekarar 1962. Ya fito ne daga [[Enugu (city)|Enugu]]" yankin ƙaramar hukumar Igbo Etiti na jihar Enugu, Najeriya. Kamar yadda ya yarda, waƙoƙi sun zo masa da wuri a rayuwarsa, don amsa ƙalubalen daga aboki. A matsayinsa na dalibi na shekara ta farko na Mass Communication a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]], yana da damar raba aji ɗaya tare da wasu samari da ke son waka. Shi kadai ne wanda ba shi da lokacin waka kuma shi kadai ne wanda bai yi karatun adabi ba. A asirce, ya fara karanta shayari kuma ya kashe yawancin kuɗin aljihunsa a kowane irin littattafan adabi, musamman shayari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2013 |title=Chijioke Amu-Nnadi: We have authorship, not authority, over what we write |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/chijioke-amu-nnadi-we-have-authorship-not-authority-over-what-we-write/ |website=AfricanWriter.com}}</ref> === Ilimi da aiki === Amu-Nnadi ya yi karatun Sadarwar Jama'a a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]], inda ya sami kyaututtuka kamar Alumni Prize ga Mafi Kyawun Dalibi a Nazarin Gabaɗaya, Kyautar Sashen ga Mafi Kyawu Ɗalibi da ke Karatu da kuma Kyautar Daily Times ga Mafi Kyautar Ɗalibi a cikin Sadarwar Masanawa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Why I left Daily Times in 1992, by Amu-Nnadi |url=https://newtelegraphonline.com/2018/01/left-daily-times-1992-amu-nnadi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826125116/https://newtelegraphonline.com/2018/01/left-daily-times-1992-amu-nnadi/ |archive-date=26 August 2018 |access-date=19 January 2018 |website=newtelegraphonline.com}}</ref> Amu-Nnadi ya fi rubuta waka. Ba ya son a kira shi mawaki na Najeriya ko na Afirka saboda, kamar yadda ya nace, babu wani abu da ya fi ƙasƙantar da fasaha kamar yadda za a yi ƙoƙari, daga matsanancin nuna bambanci na zamantakewa, girman kai na al'adu da / ko saukin hankali, don iyakance shi zuwa wani yanki, wuri, jinsi da lokaci. Art, ya ci gaba, ya fi dacewa da hakan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FRI-YAY Author Profile: Chijioke Amu-nnadi – Zinny's Blog |url=http://www.zinnychukwuka.com/2017/10/fri-yay-author-profile-chijioke-amu.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921132655/https://www.zinnychukwuka.com/2017/10/fri-yay-author-profile-chijioke-amu.html |archive-date=2020-09-21 |access-date=2018-02-28}}</ref> Amu-Nnadi tana jin daɗin soyayya mai ɗorewa tare da rubutu. Ya bayyana kansa a matsayin mai son soyayya da abubuwa. Ya nace kan rubuta waka ba tare da manyan haruffa da cikakkun tsayawa ba, yana bayyana cewa waka rayuwa ce kanta kuma ruhun Allah ne da ke aiki ta hanyar bil'adama don fadada halitta, da kuma wadatar da rayuwa. Kamar yadda ya ce: "rayuwa ba ta da matsala na commas da yawa amma babu tsayawa. Waƙoƙi sun fi mutum girma a duk ƙididdiga".Wannan yana nuna aikin aikin waka. A cikin nasa kalmomi: "Rayuwa jirgin ƙasa ne na motsin rai da motsin rai wanda ba za a iya karyawa ba kuma ba za a sarrafa shi ba. Amu-Nnadi kuma ya buga ba tare da bayanan kansa ba saboda ya yi imanin cewa mutum ba zai iya mallakar abin da ya rubuta ba. Babu wani abu da ya fi girman kai da kuma inganta kansa, in ji shi. Amu-Nnadi kuma ƙwararren ƙwararren ɗan jarida ne. A halin yanzu shi darakta ne a Hukumar Raya Neja Delta, Port Harcourt, wata hukuma a cikin shugabancin da ke sauƙaƙe ci gaban ci gaba mai ɗorewa na yankin jihar Neja Delta na Najeriya. Ya yi aure sannan kuma yana da 'ya'ya uku. == Hanyar da ake amfani da ita == Waƙoƙin Amu Nnadi sun ƙunshi hotuna masu ƙarfi da misalai. An haifi salon sa ne daga zurfin ƙaunar da yake da ita ga harshe, da kuma sha'awarsa ga soyayya da wurare, da kuma wahayi da aka haifa daga baƙin ciki na tunawa game da rayuwa kamar yadda mawaki ke fuskanta. Babban sha'awarsa a cikin shayensa shine soyayya, saduwa da wurare da mutane, al'adu da abubuwan tunawa. A cikin waƙoƙin Amu Nnadi, ana iya bincika kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan ta hanyar kwatancin soyayya, kuma ana iya bayyana soyayya ta amfani da hotuna na abubuwa. Daga waƙoƙin Amu Nnadi, marubucin, Michael Chiedoziem Chukwudera ya rubuta:<blockquote>"Yawancin waƙoƙinsa, alal misali, iyaka kan soyayya da baƙin ciki, a cikin ƙuƙwalwar haɗuwa da kansa, wasu mutane da yanayi. Wadannan haɗuwa da kansu an saka su cikin hanyar rayuwar mai zane. Ya rubuta waƙoƙin soyayya a matsayin kwatanci na haɗuwa da shi, a matsayin furcin jin daɗin da ya fi motsa gidan kayan gargajiya, da kuma na sauran baƙin ciki da duk masoya suka sani. " <ref>{{Cite web |last=Review |first=The Kalahari |date=2020-05-21 |title=An Encounter with Amu Nnadi's Poetry and Philosophy |url=https://kalaharireview.com/an-encounter-with-amu-nnadis-poetry-and-philosophy-e9ed68aceb21 |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref></blockquote> == Ayyuka == * ''wuta a ciki'' (waƙoƙi) - 2002 ** Ya lashe kyautar ANA Gabriel Okara don waka. * ''Hanyar mahajjata'' (waƙoƙi) - 2005 ** An ƙaddamar da shi don 2005 NLNG NIGERIA PRIZE don LITERATURE * ''ta hanyar taga na sandcastle'' (waƙoƙi) - 2013 ** Wanda ya zo na biyu a 2013 NLNG Nigeria Prize for Literature ** Wanda ya lashe kyautar waka ta ANA 2013 ** Wanda ya lashe kyautar Glenna Luschei ta 2014 don Waƙoƙin AfirkaKyautar Glenna Luschei don Waƙoƙin Afirka * ihejuruonu (tarin waƙoƙin baƙin ciki) - 2014 * ''Tafiyar kogi'' (waƙoƙi) - 2016 * ''wani filin echoes'' (waƙoƙi) - 2016 * ''waƙoƙin soyayya'' (waƙoƙi) - 2021 A halin yanzu yana aiki a kan tarin shayari mai taken "eucalyptus," wanda za a saki a cikin shekarar 2022, da kuma kundin kiɗa mai taken komai kyakkyawa, wanda zai ƙunshi waƙoƙi bisa ga waƙoƙin daga waƙoƙinsa na soyayya, tarin da ya buga a baya (ta hanyar taga na sandcastle, tafiyar kogi, filin echoes), da kuma eucalyptum da ba a buga ba. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin Haɗin waje == * Yada bisharar waka a Amurka [http://thenationonlineng.net/spreading-the-gospel-of-poetry-in-us/] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8b16qg2tpfyrl66f3w2az3rvscfe4rk Gregory Maksha Wajiga 0 179276 967799 2026-10-15T09:15:28Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Gregory Maksha Wajiga | birth_date = 15 Agusta 1956 | birth_place = Kwambla, Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta, malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama]] | known_for = Bincike a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta }} '''Gregory Maksha Wajiga''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar kwamfuta]]. Ya yi aiki a [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama]] da ke Yola, Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya. Bincikensa ya s... 967799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Gregory Maksha Wajiga | birth_date = 15 Agusta 1956 | birth_place = Kwambla, Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta, malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama]] | known_for = Bincike a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta }} '''Gregory Maksha Wajiga''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar kwamfuta]]. Ya yi aiki a [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama]] da ke Yola, Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya. Bincikensa ya shafi kimiyyar kwamfuta da amfani da hanyoyin lissafi wajen warware matsaloli. == Rayuwarsa da karatunsa == An haifi Gregory Maksha Wajiga a ranar 15 ga Agusta 1956 a Kwambla, wani yanki da ke Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya. Ya halarci makarantu daban-daban kafin ya shiga jami'a. A shekarar 1979, ya sami digirin farko a fannin lissafi daga [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] da ke Zariya. Daga baya, a shekarar 1983, ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin binciken ayyuka (Operations Research) daga Jami'ar Aston da ke Birmingham, Ingila. Ya kuma sami digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta daga [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] a shekarar 2000.<ref name="BLERF">{{cite web |title=Wajiga, Gregory Maksha |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/wajiga-gregory-maksha/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref><ref name="Handbook">{{cite web |title=B.Sc. Mathematics Undergraduate Students' Handbook |url=https://fukashere.com.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/BSc-Mathematics_Students-Handbook-2019_2023.pdf |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa da bincike == Wajiga ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a jami'o'in Najeriya, musamman a fannin lissafi da kimiyyar kwamfuta. Ya rike mukamai daban-daban a tsohuwar Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Yola, wadda daga baya ta zama Jami'ar Modibbo Adama. Daga cikin mukaman da ya rike akwai shugabancin sashen Operations Research and Planning, shugabancin sashen Mathematics and Statistics, da kula da cibiyar kwamfuta ta jami'ar. Ya kuma yi aiki a sashen kimiyyar kwamfuta na jami'ar a matsayin farfesa.<ref name="BLERF"/><ref name="MAU">{{cite web |title=Department of Computer Science |url=https://mau.edu.ng/course/7LYRrD2a/faculty |website=Modibbo Adama University |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Wajiga ya wallafa bincike tare da sauran masana a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta da lissafi. Daga cikin ayyukansa akwai bincike kan amfani da hanyoyin ''Artificial Neural Networks'' wajen taimakawa wajen tantance guraben shiga jami'o'in Najeriya.<ref name="Neural">{{cite web |title=Students' Admission Placement in Nigerian Universities Using Artificial Neural Networks |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369188992_Students%27_Admission_placement_in_Nigerian_Universities_Using_Artificial_Neural_Networks_1 |website=ResearchGate |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki tare da wasu masu bincike a kan amfani da dabarun ''Ant Colony Optimization'' wajen hasashen sauye-sauyen kasuwar hannayen jari.<ref name="Stock">{{cite web |title=Stock Market Forecasting Using Ant Colony Optimization Based Algorithm |url=https://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/10.11648/10040074 |website=American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar kwamfuta]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafi]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Adamawa]] h1b12xnlzaf528spovhwwi2p7k9u3r0 Ruminant 0 179277 967805 2026-10-15T09:51:48Z Galadanchi123 50022 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379947332|Ruminant]]" 967805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox|name=Ruminants|image=Ruminantia.jpg|taxon=Ruminantia|authority=[[Scopoli]], 1777|subdivision=* "[[Tragulina]]" * [[Pecora]]}}<templatestyles src="Template:Taxobox/core/styles.css" />Ruminants suna cin ganyayyaki ko bincike artiodactyls na '''Ruminantia''' wanda ke iya samun abubuwan gina jiki daga fiber na tsire-tsire (kamar cellulose) ta hanyar fermenting shi a ciki ciki na musamman kafin narkewa, musamman ta hanyar ayyukan microbial. Shirin, wanda ke faruwa a gaban tsarin narkewa sabili da haka ana kiransa fermentation, yawanci yana buƙatar ingesta mai fermented (wanda aka sani da cud) don a sake fitarwa kuma a cinye shi. Tsarin sake '''cinyewa''' ingesta don ci gaba da rushe kwayoyin shuka da kuma motsa narkewar ana kiransa '''rumination''' ko cinye kur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rumination: The process of foregut fermentation |url=http://www.ultimateungulate.com/cetartiodactyla/Rumination.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719095546/http://www.ultimateungulate.com/cetartiodactyla/Rumination.html |archive-date=19 July 2013 |access-date=19 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruminant Digestive System |url=http://faculty.fortlewis.edu/LASHELL_B/Nutr2-Rumdigestion.pdf}}</ref> Kimanin nau'ikan ruminants 200 sun haɗa da nau'ikan gida da na daji.<ref name="Fernández-20052">{{Cite journal |last=Fernández |first=Manuel Hernández |last2=Vrba |first2=Elisabeth S. |date=1 May 2005 |title=A complete estimate of the phylogenetic relationships in Ruminantia: a dated species-level supertree of the extant ruminants |journal=Biological Reviews |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=269–302 |doi=10.1017/s1464793104006670 |issn=1469-185X |pmid=15921052 |s2cid=29939520}}</ref> Dabbobi masu shayarwa sun haɗa da [[Saniya|shanu]], duk [[Bovine|shanu]] na gida da na [[Antelope|doki]], [[Akwiya|awaki]], [[Rago|tumaki]], giraffes, [[Dabbar rendiya|deer]], gazelles, da antelopes. Har ila yau, an ba da shawarar cewa notoungulates sun dogara da rumination, sabanin sauran [[Atlantogenata|atlantogenatans]] waɗanda suka dogara da yisti na baya, kodayake wannan ba cikakke ba ne. Ruminants suna wakiltar ƙungiya mafi yawa na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suborder Ruminatia, the Ultimate Ungulate |url=http://www.ultimateungulate.com/cetartiodactyla/Ruminantia.html}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Ruminantia ta haɗa da iyalai daban-daban guda shida: Tragulidae, Giraffidae, Antilocapridae, [[Dabbar rendiya|Cervidae]], Moschidae, da Bovidae.<ref name="Fernández-2005">{{Cite journal |last=Fernández |first=Manuel Hernández |last2=Vrba |first2=Elisabeth S. |date=1 May 2005 |title=A complete estimate of the phylogenetic relationships in Ruminantia: a dated species-level supertree of the extant ruminants |journal=Biological Reviews |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=269–302 |doi=10.1017/s1464793104006670 |issn=1469-185X |pmid=15921052 |s2cid=29939520}}</ref>{{Reflist|30em}} == Magana == Kalmar ''Ruminari'' ta fito ne daga Latin rūminārī, "don ruminate", daga ''Rumen'', ciki na farko. Hanyar da ake fitar da abinci da sake dafa shi ana kiransa ''rumination'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruminant - Etymology, Origin & Meaning |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/ruminant |access-date=2026-10-12 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi da juyin halitta == Abubuwan burbushin burbushin halittu na farko sun bayyana a farkon Eocene kuma sun kasance ƙananan, mai yiwuwa masu cin komai, mazaunan gandun daji.<ref name="DeMiguel">{{Cite journal |last=DeMiguel |first=D. |last2=Azanza |first2=B. |last3=Morales |first3=J. |year=2014 |title=Key Innovations in Ruminant Evolution: A Paleontological Perspective |journal=Integrative Zoology |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=412–433 |doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12080 |pmid=24148672}}</ref> Artiodactyls tare da kayan haɗi na ƙashin kai sun fara faruwa a farkon Miocene.<ref name="DeMiguel" /> === Halitta === '''Ruminantia''' rukuni ne na kambi na ruminants a cikin tsari Artiodactyla, wanda Spaulding et al. suka bayyana a matsayin "mafi ƙarancin ƙididdigar da ta haɗa da ''[[Saniya|Bos taurus]]'' (cow) da Tragulus napu (mouse deer) ". '''Ruminantiamorpha''' wani yanki ne mai girma na artiodactyls, wanda Spaulding et al. suka bayyana a matsayin "Ruminantia tare da duk wani nau'in da ya fi dacewa da membobin Ruminantia fiye da kowane nau'in rayuwa". <ref name="Spaulding2009">{{Cite journal |last=Spaulding |first=M |last2=O'Leary |first2=MA |last3=Gatesy |first3=J |year=2009 |title=Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) among mammals: increased taxon sampling alters interpretations of key fossils and character evolution |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=4 |issue=9 |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.7062S |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0007062 |pmc=2740860 |pmid=19774069 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Wannan ma'anar tushe ce ga Ruminantiamorpha, kuma ya fi hadawa fiye da ƙungiyar kambi Ruminantia. A matsayin rukuni na kambi, Ruminantia kawai ya haɗa da kakanninmu na ƙarshe na duk ruminants da suka wanzu (rayayyu) da zuriyarsu (rayayye ko waɗanda suka ƙare), yayin da Ruminantiamorpha, a matsayin rukuni mai tushe, ya haɗa da kakanni masu cin ganyayyaki waɗanda suka fi alaƙa da ruminants masu rai fiye da sauran mambobin Artiodactyla. Lokacin la'akari da kawai rayayyun taxa (neontology), wannan ya sa Ruminantiamorpha da Ruminantia daidai, kuma ana amfani da Ruminentia kawai. Don haka, ana amfani da Ruminantiamorpha ne kawai a cikin mahallin paleontology. Dangane da haka, Spaulding ya haɗa wasu nau'ikan dangin Anthracotheriidae a cikin Ruminantiamorpha (amma ba a cikin Rumanantia ba), amma ya sanya wasu a cikin 'yar'uwar Ruminantiomorpha, Cetancodontamorpha . <ref name="Spaulding2009" /> Ana iya wakiltar sanya Ruminantia a cikin Artiodactyla a cikin wannan cladogram:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beck |first=N.R. |year=2006 |title=A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals |journal=BMC Evol Biol |volume=6 |page=93 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-6-93 |pmc=1654192 |pmid=17101039 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="O'Leary2013">{{Cite journal |last=O'Leary |first=M.A. |last2=Bloch |first2=J.I. |last3=Flynn |first3=J.J. |last4=Gaudin |first4=T.J. |last5=Giallombardo |first5=A. |last6=Giannini |first6=N.P. |last7=Goldberg |first7=S.L. |last8=Kraatz |first8=B.P. |last9=Luo |first9=Z.-X. |last10=Meng |first10=J. |last11=Ni |first11=X. |last12=Novacek |first12=M.J. |last13=Perini |first13=F.A. |last14=Randall |first14=Z.S. |last15=Rougier |first15=G.W. |year=2013 |title=The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post-K-Pg Radiation of Placentals |journal=Science |volume=339 |issue=6120 |pages=662–667 |bibcode=2013Sci...339..662O |doi=10.1126/science.1229237 |pmid=23393258 |s2cid=206544776 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Song2012">{{Cite journal |last=Song |first=S. |last2=Liu |first2=L. |last3=Edwards |first3=S.V. |last4=Wu |first4=S. |year=2012 |title=Resolving conflict in eutherian mammal phylogeny using phylogenomics and the multispecies coalescent model |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=109 |issue=37 |pages=14942–14947 |bibcode=2012PNAS..10914942S |doi=10.1073/pnas.1211733109 |pmc=3443116 |pmid=22930817 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="dos Reis2012">{{Cite journal |last=dos Reis |first=M. |last2=Inoue |first2=J. |last3=Hasegawa |first3=M. |last4=Asher |first4=R.J. |last5=Donoghue |first5=P.C.J. |last6=Yang |first6=Z. |year=2012 |title=Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=279 |issue=1742 |pages=3491–3500 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2012.0683 |pmc=3396900 |pmid=22628470 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Upham2019">{{Cite journal |last=Upham |first=N.S. |last2=Esselstyn |first2=J.A. |last3=Jetz |first3=W. |year=2019 |title=Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation |journal=PLOS Biology |volume=17 |issue=12 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 |pmc=6892540 |pmid=31800571 |doi-access=free}}(see e.g. Fig S10)</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles>A cikin Ruminantia, ana ɗaukar Tragulidae (doki-doki) a matsayin mafi yawan asali, <ref name="Kulemzina2011">{{Cite journal |last=Kulemzina |first=Anastasia I. |last2=Yang |first2=Fengtang |last3=Trifonov |first3=Vladimir A. |last4=Ryder |first4=Oliver A. |last5=Ferguson-Smith |first5=Malcolm A. |last6=Graphodatsky |first6=Alexander S. |year=2011 |title=Chromosome painting in Tragulidae facilitates the reconstruction of Ruminantia ancestral karyotype |journal=Chromosome Research |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=531–539 |doi=10.1007/s10577-011-9201-z |issn=0967-3849 |pmid=21445689 |s2cid=8456507}}</ref> tare da sauran ruminants da aka rarraba a matsayin na infraorder Pecora. Har zuwa farkon karni na 21, an fahimci cewa dangin Moschidae (musk deer) 'yar'uwa ce ga [[Dabbar rendiya|Cervidae]]. Koyaya, binciken phylogenetic na 2003 da Alexandre Hassanin (na Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Kasa, Faransa) da abokan aiki, bisa ga nazarin mitochondrial da nukiliya, sun bayyana cewa Moschidae da Bovidae sun zama 'yar'uwa ga [[Dabbar rendiya|Cervidae]]. Dangane da binciken, Cervidae ya rabu da Bovidae-Moschidae clade shekaru miliyan 27 zuwa 28 da suka gabata.<ref name="Hassanin2003">{{Cite journal |last=Hassanin |first=A. |last2=Douzery |first2=E. J. P. |date=2003 |title=Molecular and morphological phylogenies of Ruminantia and the alternative position of the Moschidae |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10760976 |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=206–28 |doi=10.1080/10635150390192726 |pmid=12746147 |doi-access=free}}</ref> cladogram mai zuwa ya dogara ne akan babban binciken jerin kwayoyin halitta mai laushi daga 2019: <ref name="RumiantPhylo2020">{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=L. |last2=Qiu |first2=Q. |last3=Jiang |first3=Y. |last4=Wang |first4=K. |year=2019 |title=Large-scale ruminant genome sequencing provides insights into their evolution and distinct traits |journal=Science |volume=364 |issue=6446 |bibcode=2019Sci...364.6202C |doi=10.1126/science.aav6202 |pmid=31221828 |doi-access=free}}</ref>  Hi [[File:Gazelle_rumination_-_zoom.webm|thumb|375x375px| (Bidiyo) impala yana haɗiyewa sannan ya sake fitar da abinci - halayyar da aka sani da "tauna kurciya"]] === Rarraba === * '''Dokar Artiodactyla''' ** Suborder Tylopoda: [[Raƙumi|raƙuma]] da llamas, nau'o'in halittu 7 masu rai a cikin nau'o-nau'i 3 ** Suborder Suina: [[aladu]] da peccaries[[Peccary|ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta]] ** Suborder Cetruminantia: ruminants, whales da Hippos *** '''Clade Ruminantia''' **** Infraorder Tragulina (paraphyletic) <ref name="Clauss2014">{{Cite journal |last=Clauss |first=M. |last2=Rossner |first2=G. E. |date=2014 |title=Old world ruminant morphophysiology, life history, and fossil record: exploring key innovations of a diversification sequence |url=http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/94203/1/AnnZoolFenn_omasum_2014.pdf |journal=Annales Zoologici Fennici |volume=51 |issue=1–2 |pages=80–94 |doi=10.5735/086.051.0210 |s2cid=85347098}}</ref> ***** Iyali †Leptomerycidae ***** Iyali †Hypertragulidae ***** Iyali †[[Praetragulidae]] ***** Iyali †GelocidaeGishiri ***** Iyali †Bachitheriidae ***** Iyali Tragulidae: Chevrotains, nau'o'in 6 masu rai a cikin nau'o-in 4 ***** Iyali †Archaeomerycidae ***** Iyali †[[Lophiomerycidae]] **** Infraorder Pecora ***** Iyalin [[Dabbar rendiya|Cervidae]]: [[Dabbar rendiya|deer]] da Moose, nau'in halittu 49 masu rai a cikin nau'o'i 16 ***** Iyali †Palaeomerycidae ***** Iyali †Dromomerycidae ***** Iyali †Hoplitomerycidae ***** Iyali †Climacoceratidae ***** Giraffidae na iyali: giraffe da okapi, nau'in halittu 2 masu rai a cikin nau'o'i 2 ***** Iyali Antilocapridae: pronghorn, nau'in rayuwa guda ɗaya a cikin nau'i ɗaya ***** Family Moschidae: musk deer, nau'o'in halittu 4 a cikin jinsin daya ***** Iyali Bovidae: [[Saniya|shanu]], awaki, [[Rago|tumaki]], da antelope, nau'in halittu 143 masu rai a cikin nau'ikan 53. == Tsarin narkewar abinci == Hofmann da Stewart sun raba ruminants zuwa manyan rukuni uku bisa ga nau'in abinci da halaye na ciyarwa: masu zaɓar hankali, nau'ikan matsakaici, da masu cin ciyawa / redghage, tare da zaton cewa halaye na abinci a cikin ruminants suna haifar da bambance-bambance na morphological a cikin tsarin narkewar su, gami da glandar salivary, girman rumen, da rumen papillae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ditchkoff |first=S. S. |year=2000 |title=A decade since "diversification of ruminants": has our knowledge improved? |url=https://fp.auburn.edu/sfws/ditchkoff/PDF%20publications/2000%20-%20Oecologia.pdf |journal=Oecologia |volume=125 |issue=1 |pages=82–84 |bibcode=2000Oecol.125...82D |doi=10.1007/PL00008894 |pmid=28308225 |s2cid=23923707 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716073320/https://fp.auburn.edu/sfws/ditchkoff/PDF%20publications/2000%20-%20Oecologia.pdf |archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> Koyaya, Woodall ya gano cewa akwai ɗan alaƙa tsakanin abun da ke cikin fiber na abincin mai cin nama da halaye na morphological, ma'ana cewa rarrabuwar rarrabuwar masu cin nama ta Hofmann da Stewart sun ba da ƙarin bincike.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodall |first=P. F. |date=1 June 1992 |title=An evaluation of a rapid method for estimating digestibility |journal=African Journal of Ecology |language=en |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=181–185 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2028.1992.tb00492.x |issn=1365-2028}}</ref> Har ila yau, wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa sune pseudoruminants, waɗanda ke da ciki mai sashi uku maimakon hudu kamar ruminants. Hippopotamidae (wanda ya hada da Hippopotamuses) sanannun misalai ne. Pseudoruminants, kamar ruminants na gargajiya, sune masu fermentor kuma mafi yawan ruminate ko chew cud. Koyaya, jikin su da hanyar narkewa sun bambanta sosai da na ruminant mai ɗakuna huɗu. Monogastric herbivores, kamar rhinoceroses, dawakai, aladu, da zomo, ba ruminants ba ne, saboda [[Zomo|buns]] da ciki mai sauƙi. Da yake suna da fermenters na baya, waɗannan dabbobi suna ferment cellulose a cikin babban cecum. A cikin ƙananan fermenters na baya na tsari Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, da pikas), da kuma Caviomorph rodents (Guinea pigs, Capybaras, da dai sauransu), an samar da kayan daga cecum a cikin Cecotropes, ya wuce ta cikin babban hanji, an fitar da shi kuma daga baya an sake shi don shan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin cecottropes. Sabanin haka, colonic monogastrics kamar [[Ɗan Adam|mutane]] da [[aladu]] suna da sauƙi, ciki guda ɗaya amma suna amfani da fermentation na hindgut a matsayin ƙarin hanyar metabolism.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stevens |first=C.E. |last2=Hume |first2=I.D. |year=1998 |title=Contributions of microbes in vertebrate gastrointestinal tract to production and conservation of nutrients |journal=Physiological Reviews |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=393–427 |doi=10.1152/physrev.1998.78.2.393 |pmid=9550998}}</ref> Ba kamar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun cecal ba, ƙwararrun microbial suna faruwa ne da farko a cikin babban hanji mai girma (colon) maimakon ƙwararrun Cecum, kuma ba sa samarwa ko sake cinye cecotropes. [[File:Abomasum_(PSF).png|thumb|250x250px|Hoton da aka tsara na tsarin narkewa mai cin nama]] [[File:Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_041.png|right|thumb|350x350px|Hanyoyi daban-daban na ciki a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa. <'''D'''="mwAUY">B id="mwAUU">A, kar'''E'''; B, ''C">Mus decumanus''; C, ''Mus Musculus''; D, weasel; E, makircin ciki mai cin nama, kibiyar da ke nuna layin da abinci ya ɗauka; '''F''', ciki na mutum. a, ƙaramin karkata; b, babban karkata; c, ƙars'''H''' zuciya '''G''', raƙumi; H, ''Echidna aculeata''. Cma, babban karkata; Cmi, ƙaramin karkata. I, ''Bradypus tridactylus'' Du, duodenum; MB, cecal diverticulum; **, fitowar duodenum, †, reticulum; ††, rumen. A (a cikin E da G), abomasum; Ca, rabuwa ta zuciya; O, psalterium; Oe, esophagus; P, pylorus; R (a dama a cikin E da hagu a cikin G), rumen; R (zuwa hagu a cikin E kuma zuwa dama a cikin G) reticulum; Sc, rabuwa na zuciya; Sp, rabuwa da pyloric; WZ, ƙwayoyin ruwa. (daga littafin Wiedersheim's Comparative Anatomy) ]] [[File:Ruversin.jpg|right|thumb|350x350px|Rashin narkewar abinci a cikin ciki mai sauƙi na dabbobi marasa ruminant da ruminants ]] Bambanci na farko tsakanin ruminants da nonruminants shine cewa ciki na ruminants yana da sassan huɗu: # rumen - wuri na farko na fermentation na microbial # reticulum # omasum - yana karɓar ƙanƙara, kuma yana shan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu narkewa # Abomasum - ciki na gaskiya Gidajen biyu na farko sune rumen da reticulum. Wadannan sassan biyu sun hada da bututun fermentation kuma sune babban shafin ayyukan microbial. Gurasar tana da mahimmanci ga narkewa saboda tana rushe carbohydrates masu rikitarwa, kamar cellulose, kuma tana bawa dabba damar amfani da su. Microbes suna aiki mafi kyau a cikin yanayin zafi, mai laushi, anaerobic tare da kewayon zafin jiki na 37.7 zuwa 42.2 ° C (99.9 zuwa 108.0 ° F) da pH tsakanin 6.0 da 6.4. Ba tare da taimakon ƙwayoyin cuta ba, ruminants ba za su iya amfani da abubuwan gina jiki daga abinci ba. Ana gauraya abinci da [[Yawu|hawaye]] kuma ya rabu cikin yadudduka na abu mai ƙarfi da ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How do ruminants digest? |url=http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/science/biology/how-do-ruminants-digest |access-date=14 July 2016 |website=OpenLearn |publisher=The Open University}}</ref> Abubuwan da ke da ƙarfi suna haɗuwa don samar da kur ko bolus. Sa'an nan kuma a sake fitar da ita kuma a cinye ta don hada shi gaba ɗaya da hawaye kuma ya rushe girman ƙwayoyin. Ƙananan girman ƙwayoyin suna ba da damar ƙara yawan sinadarin abinci. Fiber, musamman cellulose da hemicellulose, an fara karya su a cikin waɗannan ɗakunan ta hanyar [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]] (yawanci ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, da wasu protozoa, fungi, da [[Yis|yisti]]) a cikin ƙwayoyin mai ƙwayoyin (VFAs): acetic acid, propionic acid, da butyric acid. Protein da nonstructural carbohydrate (pectin, [[sukari]], da starches) suma suna fermented. Saliva yana da matukar muhimmanci saboda yana samar da ruwa ga yawan microbial, yana sake zagaya nitrogen da ma'adanai, kuma yana aiki azaman mai hana pH na rumen. Irin abincin da dabba ke cinyewa yana shafar adadin hawaye da aka samar. Kodayake rumen da reticulum suna da sunaye daban-daban, suna da nau'ikan nama da rubutu iri ɗaya, suna sa ya zama da wahala a raba su da gani. Suna kuma yin irin wannan aiki. Tare, ana kiran waɗannan ɗakunan reticulorumen. Digesta mai lalacewa, wanda yanzu yana cikin ƙananan ruwa na reticulorumen, sannan ya wuce cikin ɗakin na gaba, omasum. Wannan ɗakin yana sarrafa abin da zai iya wucewa cikin abomasum. Yana riƙe girman ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin kamar yadda zai yiwu don shiga cikin abomasum. Omasum kuma yana shan sinadarin mai mai narkewa da ammoniya. Bayan wannan, ana motsa digesta zuwa cikin ciki na gaskiya, abomasum. Wannan shi ne ɓangaren ciki na ruminant ciki. Abomasum daidai yake da ciki na monogastric, kuma ana narke digesta a nan ta hanyar da ta dace. Wannan ɓangaren yana fitar da acid da enzymes waɗanda ke ci gaba da narke kayan da ke wucewa. Wannan kuma shine inda ruminant ke narkewar microbes da aka samar a cikin rumen. A ƙarshe an motsa digesta zuwa cikin ƙananan hanji, inda narkewa da shan abubuwan gina jiki ke faruwa. Ƙananan hanji shine babban wurin shan abinci mai gina jiki. Yankin saman digesta ya karu sosai a nan saboda villi da ke cikin ƙananan hanji. Wannan karuwar yanki yana ba da damar samun ƙarin sinadarin abinci. Microbes da aka samar a cikin reticulorumen kuma ana narke su a cikin ƙananan hanji. Bayan karamin hanji shine babban hanji. Babban matsayi a nan shine rushewa galibi fiber ta hanyar fermentation tare da microbes, shan ruwa (ions da ma'adanai) da sauran kayayyakin fermented, da kuma fitar da sharar gida. Fermentation yana ci gaba a cikin babban hanji kamar yadda yake a cikin reticulorumen. Ƙananan glucose ne kawai ke sha daga carbohydrates na abinci. Yawancin carbohydrates na abinci suna fermented cikin VFAs a cikin rumen. Glucose da ake buƙata azaman makamashi ga kwakwalwa da kuma lactose da kitsen madara a cikin samar da madara, da sauran amfani, sun fito ne daga tushen da ba na sukari ba, kamar VFA propionate, glycerol, lactate, da furotin. Ana amfani da VFA propionate don kusan 70% na glucose da glycogen da aka samar da kuma furotin don wani 20% (50% a ƙarƙashin yanayin yunwa).<ref>William O. Reece (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=gvt_qSsLobUC&pg=PA350 Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals], pages 357–358 {{ISBN|978-0-7817-4333-4}}</ref> == Yawanci, rarraba, da domestication == Raminants na daji sun kai akalla miliyan 75 kuma 'yan asalin su ne a duk nahiyoyi sai dai Antarctica da Australia. <ref name="Fernández-2005" /> Kusan kashi 90% na dukkan nau'o'in suna samuwa a Eurasia da Afirka.<ref name="hackmann" /> Dabbobi suna zaune a yanayi daban-daban (daga wurare masu zafi zuwa arctic) da wuraren zama (daga filayen budewa zuwa gandun daji). <ref name="hackmann" /> The population of domestic ruminants is greater than 3.5 billion, with cattle, sheep, and goats accounting for about 95% of the total population. Goats were domesticated in the Near East {{Circa|8000 BC}}. Most other species were domesticated by 2500 BC., either in the Near East or southern Asia. == Ilimin jiki mai haske == Dabbobi masu haske suna da siffofi daban-daban na jiki wanda ke ba su damar rayuwa a cikin yanayi. Ɗaya daga cikin fasalulluka na ruminants shine hakoran su da ke ci gaba da girma. A lokacin kiwo, abun da ke cikin silica a cikin abinci yana haifar da abrasion hakora. Ana biyan wannan ta hanyar ci gaba da girma hakora a duk rayuwar ruminant, sabanin mutane ko wasu wadanda ba ruminants ba, waɗanda hakora suka daina girma bayan wani zamani. Yawancin ruminants ba su da incisors na sama; a maimakon haka, suna da babban hakora don cinye abinci na shuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dental Anatomy of Ruminants |url=http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pregastric/cowpage.html}}</ref> Wani fasalin ruminants shine babban ƙarfin ajiyar ruminal wanda ke ba su damar cin abinci da sauri kuma su kammala tsarin cinyewa daga baya. Wannan an san shi da rumination, wanda ya ƙunshi sake zubar da abinci, sakewa, sakewa da sakewa. Rumination yana rage girman ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke inganta aikin microbial kuma yana ba da damar narkewa ta hanyar narkewa. Ba kamar camelids ba, ruminants suna Yin jima'i a matsayin tsaye kuma ba a haifar da ovulators ba. == Ilimin microbiology na Rumen == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Vertebrates ba su da ikon hydrolyse beta [1-4] glycosidic bond na cellulose na shuka saboda rashin enzyme cellulase. Don haka, ruminants gaba ɗaya sun dogara da microbial flora da ke cikin rumen (a cikin foregut), ko kuma zuwa ƙaramin digiri na hindgut, don narke cellulose. Gudanar da abinci a cikin rumen ana gudanar da shi ne ta hanyar rumen microflora, wanda ya ƙunshi yawan mutane da yawa na nau'ikan [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]], protozoa, wani lokacin [[Yis|yisti]] da sauran ƙwayoyin - 1 ml na rumen an kiyasta ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta biliyan 10-50 da protozoa miliyan 1, da kuma yisti da ƙwayoyin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fermentation Microbiology and Ecology |url=http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/herbivores/microbes.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926050349/http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/herbivores/microbes.html |archive-date=26 September 2011 |access-date=25 January 2011}}</ref> Tunda mahalli a cikin rumen [[wiktionary:anaerobic|Anaerobic]] ne, yawancin waɗannan nau'ikan microbial suna da tilastawa ko anaerobes na zaɓi waɗanda zasu iya lalata kayan shuka masu rikitarwa, kamar cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, da [[Protein (mai gina jiki)|sunadarai]]. Hydrolysis na cellulose yana haifar da sukari, wanda aka kara fermented zuwa acetate, lactate, propionate, butyrate, carbon dioxide, da [[methane]]. Yayin da kwayoyin cuta ke gudanar da fermentation a cikin rumen, suna cinye kusan 10% na carbon, 60% na phosphorus, da 80% na nitrogen da ruminant ke cinyewa.<ref name="Callewaert">{{Cite journal |last=Callewaert |first=L. |last2=Michiels |first2=C. W. |date=2010 |title=Lysozymes in the animal kingdom |journal=Journal of Biosciences |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=127–160 |doi=10.1007/S12038-010-0015-5 |pmid=20413917 |s2cid=21198203}}</ref> Don dawo da waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki, ruminant sannan ya narkar da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin Abomasum. Enzyme lysozyme ya daidaita don sauƙaƙe narkewar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ruminant abomasum.<ref name="Irwin">{{Cite journal |last=Irwin |first=D. M. |last2=Prager |first2=E. M. |last3=Wilson |first3=A. C. |date=1992 |title=Evolutionary genetics of ruminant lysozymes |journal=Animal Genetics |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=193–202 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00131.x |pmid=1503255}}</ref> Pancreatic ribonuclease kuma yana lalata RNA na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙananan hanji a matsayin tushen nitrogen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jermann |first=T. M. |last2=Opitz |first2=J. G. |last3=Stackhouse |first3=J. |last4=Benner |first4=S. A. |date=1995 |title=Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the artiodactyl ribonuclease superfamily |url=http://64.238.189.139/pubs/Reconstructing%20the%20evolutionary%20history%20of%20the%20artiodactyl%20ribonuclease%20superfamily.pdf |journal=Nature |volume=374 |issue=6517 |pages=57–59 |bibcode=1995Natur.374...57J |doi=10.1038/374057a0 |pmid=7532788 |s2cid=4315312 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521104301/http://64.238.189.139/pubs/Reconstructing%20the%20evolutionary%20history%20of%20the%20artiodactyl%20ribonuclease%20superfamily.pdf |archive-date=21 May 2019}}</ref> A lokacin kiwo, ruminants suna samar da babban kumfa - kimantawa daga 100 zuwa 150 lita na kumfa a kowace rana ga saniya. Matsayin hawaye shine samar da isasshen ruwa don fermentation rumen da kuma aiki a matsayin wakili mai hanawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rumen Physiology and Rumination |url=http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu:80/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/herbivores/rumination.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980129111027/http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu:80/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/herbivores/rumination.html |archive-date=29 January 1998}}</ref> Rumen fermentation yana samar da adadi mai yawa na kwayoyin acid, don haka kiyaye pH mai dacewa na ruwa na rumen wani muhimmin abu ne a cikin rumen fermentation. Bayan digesta ya wuce ta cikin rumen, omasum yana shan ruwa mai yawa don enzymes na narkewa da acid a cikin abomasum ba su narke ba.<ref name="Clauss2014" /> == Tannin guba a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa == Tannins sune mahaɗan phenolic waɗanda ake yawan samun su a cikin shuke-shuke. Ana samun su a cikin ganye, bud, iri, tushen, da ƙwayoyin tsiro, tannins suna rarraba a cikin nau'ikan shuke-shuke daban-daban. Tannins an raba su zuwa nau'o'i biyu: tannins masu narkewa da tannins masu ƙuntata. Dangane da mayar da hankali da yanayin su, ko dai aji na iya samun sakamako mara kyau ko mai fa'ida. Tannins na iya zama mai fa'ida, bayan an nuna shi don kara samar da madara, ci gaban ulu, yawan ovulation, da kuma kashi na raguna, da kuma rage haɗarin kumbura da rage nauyin kwayar cuta ta ciki. Tannins na iya zama mai guba ga ruminants, saboda suna fitar da sunadarai, suna sa ba su samuwa don narkewa ba, kuma suna hana shan abubuwan gina jiki ta hanyar rage yawan ƙwayoyin cuta na proteolytic rumen. Matsayi mai yawa na cin tannin na iya haifar da guba wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Tannins: fascinating but sometimes dangerous molecules' [Cornell University Department of Animal Science? (c) 2018] |url=https://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/toxicagents/tannin.html}}</ref> Dabbobi waɗanda galibi suna cinye tsire-tsire masu wadata da tannin na iya haɓaka hanyoyin kariya daga tannins, kamar turawar dabarun lipids da extracellular polysaccharides waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ɗaurewa da tannins.<ref name="Barry" /> Wasu ruminants (goats, deer, elk, moose) suna iya cin abinci da yawa a cikin tannins (shafuka, rassa, bark) saboda kasancewar sunadarai masu ɗaure tannin a cikin hawan su.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Austin |first=PJ |display-authors=etal |year=1989 |title=Tannin-binding proteins in saliva of deer and their absence in saliva of sheep and cattle |journal=J Chem Ecol |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=1335–47 |doi=10.1007/BF01014834 |pmid=24272016 |s2cid=32846214}}</ref> == Muhimmancin addini == Dokar Musa a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki ta ba da izinin cin wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda ke da ƙafar ƙafafu (watau membobin tsari na Artiodactyla) da kuma "waɗanda ke cinye ƙafar", wani tsari da aka kiyaye har zuwa yau a cikin Dokokin abinci na Yahudawa da kuma dokokin abinci na Samariyawa, ƙungiyoyin Sunan Mai Tsarki da kuma ƙungiyoyin da ke bin waɗannan dokokin abinci, kamar Ikilisiyar Orthodox ta Habasha, Adventists na bakwai, Ikilisiyar Allah ta Philadelphia, da wasu ƙungiyoyi. == Sauran amfani == An faɗaɗa aikatau 'don yin tunani' a matsayin kwatanci don ma'anar yin tunani ko yin tunani a kan wasu batutuwa. Hakazalika, ana iya 'ya'yan ra'ayoyi' ko 'ya'ya'. 'Chew the cud', ko 'Chew one's cud', shine yin tunani ko yin tunani. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, "[[Rumination (halayyar mutum)|rumination]]" yana nufin tsarin tunani, kuma ba shi da alaƙa da ilimin narkewar abinci. == Ruminants da canjin yanayi == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> A matsayin samfur na cin cellulose, shanu suna fitar da methane, ta haka ne suka dawo da wannan carbon da shuke-shuke suka kwace a cikin yanayi. Bayan kimanin shekaru 10 zuwa 1, wannan methane ya lalace kuma ya sake komawa zuwa CO. Da zarar an canza su zuwa , tsire-tsire na iya sake yin photosynthesis kuma su gyara wannan carbon zuwa cellulose. Daga nan, shanu za su iya cin shuke-shuke kuma sake zagayowar ta fara. Ainihin, methane da aka samo daga shanu ba ya ƙara sabon carbon zuwa yanayi. Maimakon haka yana daga cikin yanayin halitta na carbon ta hanyar sake zagayowar carbon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Werth |first=Samantha |date=19 February 2020 |title=The Biogenic Carbon Cycle and Cattle |url=https://clear.ucdavis.edu/explainers/biogenic-carbon-cycle-and-cattle |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221070734/https://clear.ucdavis.edu/explainers/biogenic-carbon-cycle-and-cattle |archive-date=21 February 2024 |website=CLEAR Center |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2010, fermentation na ciki ya kai kashi 43% na jimlar hayakin gas daga duk ayyukan noma a duniya, [1] 26% na jimlar iskar gas daga aikin gona a Amurka, da kuma kashi 22% na jimlar fitar da methane na Amurka. [2] Naman daga ruminants da aka haifa a cikin gida yana da sawun carbon mafi girma fiye da sauran nama ko tushen kayan lambu na furotin bisa ga nazarin meta-analysis na duniya na nazarin nazarin rayuwar rayuwa.[3] Samar da methane ta dabbobi masu nama, galibi ruminants, an kiyasta 15-20% samar da methane a duniya, sai dai idan an farautar dabbobi a cikin daji. [4][5] Yawan shanu na cikin gida da na madara na yanzu yana kusa da miliyan 90, kusan kashi 50% sama da yawan mutanen daji na Bison na Amurka na miliyan 60 a cikin shekarun 1700, wanda ya fara yawo a yankin Arewacin Amurka wanda yanzu ya zama Amurka.[6] == Dubi kuma == * Ɗaya daga cikin Gida * Mai Haskakawa == Manazarta ==  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ea7fkx7m2x1zkujtyr90fe2if7g7q4y 967806 967805 2026-10-15T09:53:11Z Galadanchi123 50022 967806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox|name=Ruminants|image=Ruminantia.jpg|taxon=Ruminantia|authority=[[Scopoli]], 1777|subdivision=* "[[Tragulina]]" * [[Pecora]]}}<templatestyles src="Template:Taxobox/core/styles.css" />Ruminants suna {{Databox}}cin ganyayyaki ko bincike artiodactyls na '''Ruminantia''' wanda ke iya samun abubuwan gina jiki daga fiber na tsire-tsire (kamar cellulose) ta hanyar fermenting shi a ciki ciki na musamman kafin narkewa, musamman ta hanyar ayyukan microbial. Shirin, wanda ke faruwa a gaban tsarin narkewa sabili da haka ana kiransa fermentation, yawanci yana buƙatar ingesta mai fermented (wanda aka sani da cud) don a sake fitarwa kuma a cinye shi. Tsarin sake '''cinyewa''' ingesta don ci gaba da rushe kwayoyin shuka da kuma motsa narkewar ana kiransa '''rumination''' ko cinye kur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rumination: The process of foregut fermentation |url=http://www.ultimateungulate.com/cetartiodactyla/Rumination.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719095546/http://www.ultimateungulate.com/cetartiodactyla/Rumination.html |archive-date=19 July 2013 |access-date=19 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruminant Digestive System |url=http://faculty.fortlewis.edu/LASHELL_B/Nutr2-Rumdigestion.pdf}}</ref> Kimanin nau'ikan ruminants 200 sun haɗa da nau'ikan gida da na daji.<ref name="Fernández-20052">{{Cite journal |last=Fernández |first=Manuel Hernández |last2=Vrba |first2=Elisabeth S. |date=1 May 2005 |title=A complete estimate of the phylogenetic relationships in Ruminantia: a dated species-level supertree of the extant ruminants |journal=Biological Reviews |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=269–302 |doi=10.1017/s1464793104006670 |issn=1469-185X |pmid=15921052 |s2cid=29939520}}</ref> Dabbobi masu shayarwa sun haɗa da [[Saniya|shanu]], duk [[Bovine|shanu]] na gida da na [[Antelope|doki]], [[Akwiya|awaki]], [[Rago|tumaki]], giraffes, [[Dabbar rendiya|deer]], gazelles, da antelopes. Har ila yau, an ba da shawarar cewa notoungulates sun dogara da rumination, sabanin sauran [[Atlantogenata|atlantogenatans]] waɗanda suka dogara da yisti na baya, kodayake wannan ba cikakke ba ne. Ruminants suna wakiltar ƙungiya mafi yawa na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suborder Ruminatia, the Ultimate Ungulate |url=http://www.ultimateungulate.com/cetartiodactyla/Ruminantia.html}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Ruminantia ta haɗa da iyalai daban-daban guda shida: Tragulidae, Giraffidae, Antilocapridae, [[Dabbar rendiya|Cervidae]], Moschidae, da Bovidae.<ref name="Fernández-2005">{{Cite journal |last=Fernández |first=Manuel Hernández |last2=Vrba |first2=Elisabeth S. |date=1 May 2005 |title=A complete estimate of the phylogenetic relationships in Ruminantia: a dated species-level supertree of the extant ruminants |journal=Biological Reviews |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=269–302 |doi=10.1017/s1464793104006670 |issn=1469-185X |pmid=15921052 |s2cid=29939520}}</ref>{{Reflist|30em}} == Magana == Kalmar ''Ruminari'' ta fito ne daga Latin rūminārī, "don ruminate", daga ''Rumen'', ciki na farko. Hanyar da ake fitar da abinci da sake dafa shi ana kiransa ''rumination'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruminant - Etymology, Origin & Meaning |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/ruminant |access-date=2026-10-12 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi da juyin halitta == Abubuwan burbushin burbushin halittu na farko sun bayyana a farkon Eocene kuma sun kasance ƙananan, mai yiwuwa masu cin komai, mazaunan gandun daji.<ref name="DeMiguel">{{Cite journal |last=DeMiguel |first=D. |last2=Azanza |first2=B. |last3=Morales |first3=J. |year=2014 |title=Key Innovations in Ruminant Evolution: A Paleontological Perspective |journal=Integrative Zoology |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=412–433 |doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12080 |pmid=24148672}}</ref> Artiodactyls tare da kayan haɗi na ƙashin kai sun fara faruwa a farkon Miocene.<ref name="DeMiguel" /> === Halitta === '''Ruminantia''' rukuni ne na kambi na ruminants a cikin tsari Artiodactyla, wanda Spaulding et al. suka bayyana a matsayin "mafi ƙarancin ƙididdigar da ta haɗa da ''[[Saniya|Bos taurus]]'' (cow) da Tragulus napu (mouse deer) ". '''Ruminantiamorpha''' wani yanki ne mai girma na artiodactyls, wanda Spaulding et al. suka bayyana a matsayin "Ruminantia tare da duk wani nau'in da ya fi dacewa da membobin Ruminantia fiye da kowane nau'in rayuwa". <ref name="Spaulding2009">{{Cite journal |last=Spaulding |first=M |last2=O'Leary |first2=MA |last3=Gatesy |first3=J |year=2009 |title=Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) among mammals: increased taxon sampling alters interpretations of key fossils and character evolution |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=4 |issue=9 |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.7062S |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0007062 |pmc=2740860 |pmid=19774069 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Wannan ma'anar tushe ce ga Ruminantiamorpha, kuma ya fi hadawa fiye da ƙungiyar kambi Ruminantia. A matsayin rukuni na kambi, Ruminantia kawai ya haɗa da kakanninmu na ƙarshe na duk ruminants da suka wanzu (rayayyu) da zuriyarsu (rayayye ko waɗanda suka ƙare), yayin da Ruminantiamorpha, a matsayin rukuni mai tushe, ya haɗa da kakanni masu cin ganyayyaki waɗanda suka fi alaƙa da ruminants masu rai fiye da sauran mambobin Artiodactyla. Lokacin la'akari da kawai rayayyun taxa (neontology), wannan ya sa Ruminantiamorpha da Ruminantia daidai, kuma ana amfani da Ruminentia kawai. Don haka, ana amfani da Ruminantiamorpha ne kawai a cikin mahallin paleontology. Dangane da haka, Spaulding ya haɗa wasu nau'ikan dangin Anthracotheriidae a cikin Ruminantiamorpha (amma ba a cikin Rumanantia ba), amma ya sanya wasu a cikin 'yar'uwar Ruminantiomorpha, Cetancodontamorpha . <ref name="Spaulding2009" /> Ana iya wakiltar sanya Ruminantia a cikin Artiodactyla a cikin wannan cladogram:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beck |first=N.R. |year=2006 |title=A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals |journal=BMC Evol Biol |volume=6 |page=93 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-6-93 |pmc=1654192 |pmid=17101039 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="O'Leary2013">{{Cite journal |last=O'Leary |first=M.A. |last2=Bloch |first2=J.I. |last3=Flynn |first3=J.J. |last4=Gaudin |first4=T.J. |last5=Giallombardo |first5=A. |last6=Giannini |first6=N.P. |last7=Goldberg |first7=S.L. |last8=Kraatz |first8=B.P. |last9=Luo |first9=Z.-X. |last10=Meng |first10=J. |last11=Ni |first11=X. |last12=Novacek |first12=M.J. |last13=Perini |first13=F.A. |last14=Randall |first14=Z.S. |last15=Rougier |first15=G.W. |year=2013 |title=The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post-K-Pg Radiation of Placentals |journal=Science |volume=339 |issue=6120 |pages=662–667 |bibcode=2013Sci...339..662O |doi=10.1126/science.1229237 |pmid=23393258 |s2cid=206544776 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Song2012">{{Cite journal |last=Song |first=S. |last2=Liu |first2=L. |last3=Edwards |first3=S.V. |last4=Wu |first4=S. |year=2012 |title=Resolving conflict in eutherian mammal phylogeny using phylogenomics and the multispecies coalescent model |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=109 |issue=37 |pages=14942–14947 |bibcode=2012PNAS..10914942S |doi=10.1073/pnas.1211733109 |pmc=3443116 |pmid=22930817 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="dos Reis2012">{{Cite journal |last=dos Reis |first=M. |last2=Inoue |first2=J. |last3=Hasegawa |first3=M. |last4=Asher |first4=R.J. |last5=Donoghue |first5=P.C.J. |last6=Yang |first6=Z. |year=2012 |title=Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=279 |issue=1742 |pages=3491–3500 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2012.0683 |pmc=3396900 |pmid=22628470 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Upham2019">{{Cite journal |last=Upham |first=N.S. |last2=Esselstyn |first2=J.A. |last3=Jetz |first3=W. |year=2019 |title=Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation |journal=PLOS Biology |volume=17 |issue=12 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 |pmc=6892540 |pmid=31800571 |doi-access=free}}(see e.g. Fig S10)</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles>A cikin Ruminantia, ana ɗaukar Tragulidae (doki-doki) a matsayin mafi yawan asali, <ref name="Kulemzina2011">{{Cite journal |last=Kulemzina |first=Anastasia I. |last2=Yang |first2=Fengtang |last3=Trifonov |first3=Vladimir A. |last4=Ryder |first4=Oliver A. |last5=Ferguson-Smith |first5=Malcolm A. |last6=Graphodatsky |first6=Alexander S. |year=2011 |title=Chromosome painting in Tragulidae facilitates the reconstruction of Ruminantia ancestral karyotype |journal=Chromosome Research |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=531–539 |doi=10.1007/s10577-011-9201-z |issn=0967-3849 |pmid=21445689 |s2cid=8456507}}</ref> tare da sauran ruminants da aka rarraba a matsayin na infraorder Pecora. Har zuwa farkon karni na 21, an fahimci cewa dangin Moschidae (musk deer) 'yar'uwa ce ga [[Dabbar rendiya|Cervidae]]. Koyaya, binciken phylogenetic na 2003 da Alexandre Hassanin (na Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Kasa, Faransa) da abokan aiki, bisa ga nazarin mitochondrial da nukiliya, sun bayyana cewa Moschidae da Bovidae sun zama 'yar'uwa ga [[Dabbar rendiya|Cervidae]]. Dangane da binciken, Cervidae ya rabu da Bovidae-Moschidae clade shekaru miliyan 27 zuwa 28 da suka gabata.<ref name="Hassanin2003">{{Cite journal |last=Hassanin |first=A. |last2=Douzery |first2=E. J. P. |date=2003 |title=Molecular and morphological phylogenies of Ruminantia and the alternative position of the Moschidae |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10760976 |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=206–28 |doi=10.1080/10635150390192726 |pmid=12746147 |doi-access=free}}</ref> cladogram mai zuwa ya dogara ne akan babban binciken jerin kwayoyin halitta mai laushi daga 2019: <ref name="RumiantPhylo2020">{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=L. |last2=Qiu |first2=Q. |last3=Jiang |first3=Y. |last4=Wang |first4=K. |year=2019 |title=Large-scale ruminant genome sequencing provides insights into their evolution and distinct traits |journal=Science |volume=364 |issue=6446 |bibcode=2019Sci...364.6202C |doi=10.1126/science.aav6202 |pmid=31221828 |doi-access=free}}</ref>  Hi [[File:Gazelle_rumination_-_zoom.webm|thumb|375x375px| (Bidiyo) impala yana haɗiyewa sannan ya sake fitar da abinci - halayyar da aka sani da "tauna kurciya"]] === Rarraba === * '''Dokar Artiodactyla''' ** Suborder Tylopoda: [[Raƙumi|raƙuma]] da llamas, nau'o'in halittu 7 masu rai a cikin nau'o-nau'i 3 ** Suborder Suina: [[aladu]] da peccaries[[Peccary|ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta]] ** Suborder Cetruminantia: ruminants, whales da Hippos *** '''Clade Ruminantia''' **** Infraorder Tragulina (paraphyletic) <ref name="Clauss2014">{{Cite journal |last=Clauss |first=M. |last2=Rossner |first2=G. E. |date=2014 |title=Old world ruminant morphophysiology, life history, and fossil record: exploring key innovations of a diversification sequence |url=http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/94203/1/AnnZoolFenn_omasum_2014.pdf |journal=Annales Zoologici Fennici |volume=51 |issue=1–2 |pages=80–94 |doi=10.5735/086.051.0210 |s2cid=85347098}}</ref> ***** Iyali †Leptomerycidae ***** Iyali †Hypertragulidae ***** Iyali †[[Praetragulidae]] ***** Iyali †GelocidaeGishiri ***** Iyali †Bachitheriidae ***** Iyali Tragulidae: Chevrotains, nau'o'in 6 masu rai a cikin nau'o-in 4 ***** Iyali †Archaeomerycidae ***** Iyali †[[Lophiomerycidae]] **** Infraorder Pecora ***** Iyalin [[Dabbar rendiya|Cervidae]]: [[Dabbar rendiya|deer]] da Moose, nau'in halittu 49 masu rai a cikin nau'o'i 16 ***** Iyali †Palaeomerycidae ***** Iyali †Dromomerycidae ***** Iyali †Hoplitomerycidae ***** Iyali †Climacoceratidae ***** Giraffidae na iyali: giraffe da okapi, nau'in halittu 2 masu rai a cikin nau'o'i 2 ***** Iyali Antilocapridae: pronghorn, nau'in rayuwa guda ɗaya a cikin nau'i ɗaya ***** Family Moschidae: musk deer, nau'o'in halittu 4 a cikin jinsin daya ***** Iyali Bovidae: [[Saniya|shanu]], awaki, [[Rago|tumaki]], da antelope, nau'in halittu 143 masu rai a cikin nau'ikan 53. == Tsarin narkewar abinci == Hofmann da Stewart sun raba ruminants zuwa manyan rukuni uku bisa ga nau'in abinci da halaye na ciyarwa: masu zaɓar hankali, nau'ikan matsakaici, da masu cin ciyawa / redghage, tare da zaton cewa halaye na abinci a cikin ruminants suna haifar da bambance-bambance na morphological a cikin tsarin narkewar su, gami da glandar salivary, girman rumen, da rumen papillae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ditchkoff |first=S. S. |year=2000 |title=A decade since "diversification of ruminants": has our knowledge improved? |url=https://fp.auburn.edu/sfws/ditchkoff/PDF%20publications/2000%20-%20Oecologia.pdf |journal=Oecologia |volume=125 |issue=1 |pages=82–84 |bibcode=2000Oecol.125...82D |doi=10.1007/PL00008894 |pmid=28308225 |s2cid=23923707 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716073320/https://fp.auburn.edu/sfws/ditchkoff/PDF%20publications/2000%20-%20Oecologia.pdf |archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> Koyaya, Woodall ya gano cewa akwai ɗan alaƙa tsakanin abun da ke cikin fiber na abincin mai cin nama da halaye na morphological, ma'ana cewa rarrabuwar rarrabuwar masu cin nama ta Hofmann da Stewart sun ba da ƙarin bincike.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodall |first=P. F. |date=1 June 1992 |title=An evaluation of a rapid method for estimating digestibility |journal=African Journal of Ecology |language=en |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=181–185 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2028.1992.tb00492.x |issn=1365-2028}}</ref> Har ila yau, wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa sune pseudoruminants, waɗanda ke da ciki mai sashi uku maimakon hudu kamar ruminants. Hippopotamidae (wanda ya hada da Hippopotamuses) sanannun misalai ne. Pseudoruminants, kamar ruminants na gargajiya, sune masu fermentor kuma mafi yawan ruminate ko chew cud. Koyaya, jikin su da hanyar narkewa sun bambanta sosai da na ruminant mai ɗakuna huɗu. Monogastric herbivores, kamar rhinoceroses, dawakai, aladu, da zomo, ba ruminants ba ne, saboda [[Zomo|buns]] da ciki mai sauƙi. Da yake suna da fermenters na baya, waɗannan dabbobi suna ferment cellulose a cikin babban cecum. A cikin ƙananan fermenters na baya na tsari Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, da pikas), da kuma Caviomorph rodents (Guinea pigs, Capybaras, da dai sauransu), an samar da kayan daga cecum a cikin Cecotropes, ya wuce ta cikin babban hanji, an fitar da shi kuma daga baya an sake shi don shan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin cecottropes. Sabanin haka, colonic monogastrics kamar [[Ɗan Adam|mutane]] da [[aladu]] suna da sauƙi, ciki guda ɗaya amma suna amfani da fermentation na hindgut a matsayin ƙarin hanyar metabolism.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stevens |first=C.E. |last2=Hume |first2=I.D. |year=1998 |title=Contributions of microbes in vertebrate gastrointestinal tract to production and conservation of nutrients |journal=Physiological Reviews |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=393–427 |doi=10.1152/physrev.1998.78.2.393 |pmid=9550998}}</ref> Ba kamar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun cecal ba, ƙwararrun microbial suna faruwa ne da farko a cikin babban hanji mai girma (colon) maimakon ƙwararrun Cecum, kuma ba sa samarwa ko sake cinye cecotropes. [[File:Abomasum_(PSF).png|thumb|250x250px|Hoton da aka tsara na tsarin narkewa mai cin nama]] [[File:Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_041.png|right|thumb|350x350px|Hanyoyi daban-daban na ciki a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa. <'''D'''="mwAUY">B id="mwAUU">A, kar'''E'''; B, ''C">Mus decumanus''; C, ''Mus Musculus''; D, weasel; E, makircin ciki mai cin nama, kibiyar da ke nuna layin da abinci ya ɗauka; '''F''', ciki na mutum. a, ƙaramin karkata; b, babban karkata; c, ƙars'''H''' zuciya '''G''', raƙumi; H, ''Echidna aculeata''. Cma, babban karkata; Cmi, ƙaramin karkata. I, ''Bradypus tridactylus'' Du, duodenum; MB, cecal diverticulum; **, fitowar duodenum, †, reticulum; ††, rumen. A (a cikin E da G), abomasum; Ca, rabuwa ta zuciya; O, psalterium; Oe, esophagus; P, pylorus; R (a dama a cikin E da hagu a cikin G), rumen; R (zuwa hagu a cikin E kuma zuwa dama a cikin G) reticulum; Sc, rabuwa na zuciya; Sp, rabuwa da pyloric; WZ, ƙwayoyin ruwa. (daga littafin Wiedersheim's Comparative Anatomy) ]] [[File:Ruversin.jpg|right|thumb|350x350px|Rashin narkewar abinci a cikin ciki mai sauƙi na dabbobi marasa ruminant da ruminants ]] Bambanci na farko tsakanin ruminants da nonruminants shine cewa ciki na ruminants yana da sassan huɗu: # rumen - wuri na farko na fermentation na microbial # reticulum # omasum - yana karɓar ƙanƙara, kuma yana shan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu narkewa # Abomasum - ciki na gaskiya Gidajen biyu na farko sune rumen da reticulum. Wadannan sassan biyu sun hada da bututun fermentation kuma sune babban shafin ayyukan microbial. Gurasar tana da mahimmanci ga narkewa saboda tana rushe carbohydrates masu rikitarwa, kamar cellulose, kuma tana bawa dabba damar amfani da su. Microbes suna aiki mafi kyau a cikin yanayin zafi, mai laushi, anaerobic tare da kewayon zafin jiki na 37.7 zuwa 42.2 ° C (99.9 zuwa 108.0 ° F) da pH tsakanin 6.0 da 6.4. Ba tare da taimakon ƙwayoyin cuta ba, ruminants ba za su iya amfani da abubuwan gina jiki daga abinci ba. Ana gauraya abinci da [[Yawu|hawaye]] kuma ya rabu cikin yadudduka na abu mai ƙarfi da ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How do ruminants digest? |url=http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/science/biology/how-do-ruminants-digest |access-date=14 July 2016 |website=OpenLearn |publisher=The Open University}}</ref> Abubuwan da ke da ƙarfi suna haɗuwa don samar da kur ko bolus. Sa'an nan kuma a sake fitar da ita kuma a cinye ta don hada shi gaba ɗaya da hawaye kuma ya rushe girman ƙwayoyin. Ƙananan girman ƙwayoyin suna ba da damar ƙara yawan sinadarin abinci. Fiber, musamman cellulose da hemicellulose, an fara karya su a cikin waɗannan ɗakunan ta hanyar [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]] (yawanci ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, da wasu protozoa, fungi, da [[Yis|yisti]]) a cikin ƙwayoyin mai ƙwayoyin (VFAs): acetic acid, propionic acid, da butyric acid. Protein da nonstructural carbohydrate (pectin, [[sukari]], da starches) suma suna fermented. Saliva yana da matukar muhimmanci saboda yana samar da ruwa ga yawan microbial, yana sake zagaya nitrogen da ma'adanai, kuma yana aiki azaman mai hana pH na rumen. Irin abincin da dabba ke cinyewa yana shafar adadin hawaye da aka samar. Kodayake rumen da reticulum suna da sunaye daban-daban, suna da nau'ikan nama da rubutu iri ɗaya, suna sa ya zama da wahala a raba su da gani. Suna kuma yin irin wannan aiki. Tare, ana kiran waɗannan ɗakunan reticulorumen. Digesta mai lalacewa, wanda yanzu yana cikin ƙananan ruwa na reticulorumen, sannan ya wuce cikin ɗakin na gaba, omasum. Wannan ɗakin yana sarrafa abin da zai iya wucewa cikin abomasum. Yana riƙe girman ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin kamar yadda zai yiwu don shiga cikin abomasum. Omasum kuma yana shan sinadarin mai mai narkewa da ammoniya. Bayan wannan, ana motsa digesta zuwa cikin ciki na gaskiya, abomasum. Wannan shi ne ɓangaren ciki na ruminant ciki. Abomasum daidai yake da ciki na monogastric, kuma ana narke digesta a nan ta hanyar da ta dace. Wannan ɓangaren yana fitar da acid da enzymes waɗanda ke ci gaba da narke kayan da ke wucewa. Wannan kuma shine inda ruminant ke narkewar microbes da aka samar a cikin rumen. A ƙarshe an motsa digesta zuwa cikin ƙananan hanji, inda narkewa da shan abubuwan gina jiki ke faruwa. Ƙananan hanji shine babban wurin shan abinci mai gina jiki. Yankin saman digesta ya karu sosai a nan saboda villi da ke cikin ƙananan hanji. Wannan karuwar yanki yana ba da damar samun ƙarin sinadarin abinci. Microbes da aka samar a cikin reticulorumen kuma ana narke su a cikin ƙananan hanji. Bayan karamin hanji shine babban hanji. Babban matsayi a nan shine rushewa galibi fiber ta hanyar fermentation tare da microbes, shan ruwa (ions da ma'adanai) da sauran kayayyakin fermented, da kuma fitar da sharar gida. Fermentation yana ci gaba a cikin babban hanji kamar yadda yake a cikin reticulorumen. Ƙananan glucose ne kawai ke sha daga carbohydrates na abinci. Yawancin carbohydrates na abinci suna fermented cikin VFAs a cikin rumen. Glucose da ake buƙata azaman makamashi ga kwakwalwa da kuma lactose da kitsen madara a cikin samar da madara, da sauran amfani, sun fito ne daga tushen da ba na sukari ba, kamar VFA propionate, glycerol, lactate, da furotin. Ana amfani da VFA propionate don kusan 70% na glucose da glycogen da aka samar da kuma furotin don wani 20% (50% a ƙarƙashin yanayin yunwa).<ref>William O. Reece (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=gvt_qSsLobUC&pg=PA350 Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals], pages 357–358 {{ISBN|978-0-7817-4333-4}}</ref> == Yawanci, rarraba, da domestication == Raminants na daji sun kai akalla miliyan 75 kuma 'yan asalin su ne a duk nahiyoyi sai dai Antarctica da Australia. <ref name="Fernández-2005" /> Kusan kashi 90% na dukkan nau'o'in suna samuwa a Eurasia da Afirka.<ref name="hackmann" /> Dabbobi suna zaune a yanayi daban-daban (daga wurare masu zafi zuwa arctic) da wuraren zama (daga filayen budewa zuwa gandun daji). <ref name="hackmann" /> The population of domestic ruminants is greater than 3.5 billion, with cattle, sheep, and goats accounting for about 95% of the total population. Goats were domesticated in the Near East {{Circa|8000 BC}}. Most other species were domesticated by 2500 BC., either in the Near East or southern Asia. == Ilimin jiki mai haske == Dabbobi masu haske suna da siffofi daban-daban na jiki wanda ke ba su damar rayuwa a cikin yanayi. Ɗaya daga cikin fasalulluka na ruminants shine hakoran su da ke ci gaba da girma. A lokacin kiwo, abun da ke cikin silica a cikin abinci yana haifar da abrasion hakora. Ana biyan wannan ta hanyar ci gaba da girma hakora a duk rayuwar ruminant, sabanin mutane ko wasu wadanda ba ruminants ba, waɗanda hakora suka daina girma bayan wani zamani. Yawancin ruminants ba su da incisors na sama; a maimakon haka, suna da babban hakora don cinye abinci na shuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dental Anatomy of Ruminants |url=http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pregastric/cowpage.html}}</ref> Wani fasalin ruminants shine babban ƙarfin ajiyar ruminal wanda ke ba su damar cin abinci da sauri kuma su kammala tsarin cinyewa daga baya. Wannan an san shi da rumination, wanda ya ƙunshi sake zubar da abinci, sakewa, sakewa da sakewa. Rumination yana rage girman ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke inganta aikin microbial kuma yana ba da damar narkewa ta hanyar narkewa. Ba kamar camelids ba, ruminants suna Yin jima'i a matsayin tsaye kuma ba a haifar da ovulators ba. == Ilimin microbiology na Rumen == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Vertebrates ba su da ikon hydrolyse beta [1-4] glycosidic bond na cellulose na shuka saboda rashin enzyme cellulase. Don haka, ruminants gaba ɗaya sun dogara da microbial flora da ke cikin rumen (a cikin foregut), ko kuma zuwa ƙaramin digiri na hindgut, don narke cellulose. Gudanar da abinci a cikin rumen ana gudanar da shi ne ta hanyar rumen microflora, wanda ya ƙunshi yawan mutane da yawa na nau'ikan [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]], protozoa, wani lokacin [[Yis|yisti]] da sauran ƙwayoyin - 1 ml na rumen an kiyasta ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta biliyan 10-50 da protozoa miliyan 1, da kuma yisti da ƙwayoyin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fermentation Microbiology and Ecology |url=http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/herbivores/microbes.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926050349/http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/herbivores/microbes.html |archive-date=26 September 2011 |access-date=25 January 2011}}</ref> Tunda mahalli a cikin rumen [[wiktionary:anaerobic|Anaerobic]] ne, yawancin waɗannan nau'ikan microbial suna da tilastawa ko anaerobes na zaɓi waɗanda zasu iya lalata kayan shuka masu rikitarwa, kamar cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, da [[Protein (mai gina jiki)|sunadarai]]. Hydrolysis na cellulose yana haifar da sukari, wanda aka kara fermented zuwa acetate, lactate, propionate, butyrate, carbon dioxide, da [[methane]]. Yayin da kwayoyin cuta ke gudanar da fermentation a cikin rumen, suna cinye kusan 10% na carbon, 60% na phosphorus, da 80% na nitrogen da ruminant ke cinyewa.<ref name="Callewaert">{{Cite journal |last=Callewaert |first=L. |last2=Michiels |first2=C. W. |date=2010 |title=Lysozymes in the animal kingdom |journal=Journal of Biosciences |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=127–160 |doi=10.1007/S12038-010-0015-5 |pmid=20413917 |s2cid=21198203}}</ref> Don dawo da waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki, ruminant sannan ya narkar da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin Abomasum. Enzyme lysozyme ya daidaita don sauƙaƙe narkewar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ruminant abomasum.<ref name="Irwin">{{Cite journal |last=Irwin |first=D. M. |last2=Prager |first2=E. M. |last3=Wilson |first3=A. C. |date=1992 |title=Evolutionary genetics of ruminant lysozymes |journal=Animal Genetics |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=193–202 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00131.x |pmid=1503255}}</ref> Pancreatic ribonuclease kuma yana lalata RNA na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙananan hanji a matsayin tushen nitrogen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jermann |first=T. M. |last2=Opitz |first2=J. G. |last3=Stackhouse |first3=J. |last4=Benner |first4=S. A. |date=1995 |title=Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the artiodactyl ribonuclease superfamily |url=http://64.238.189.139/pubs/Reconstructing%20the%20evolutionary%20history%20of%20the%20artiodactyl%20ribonuclease%20superfamily.pdf |journal=Nature |volume=374 |issue=6517 |pages=57–59 |bibcode=1995Natur.374...57J |doi=10.1038/374057a0 |pmid=7532788 |s2cid=4315312 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521104301/http://64.238.189.139/pubs/Reconstructing%20the%20evolutionary%20history%20of%20the%20artiodactyl%20ribonuclease%20superfamily.pdf |archive-date=21 May 2019}}</ref> A lokacin kiwo, ruminants suna samar da babban kumfa - kimantawa daga 100 zuwa 150 lita na kumfa a kowace rana ga saniya. Matsayin hawaye shine samar da isasshen ruwa don fermentation rumen da kuma aiki a matsayin wakili mai hanawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rumen Physiology and Rumination |url=http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu:80/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/herbivores/rumination.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980129111027/http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu:80/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/herbivores/rumination.html |archive-date=29 January 1998}}</ref> Rumen fermentation yana samar da adadi mai yawa na kwayoyin acid, don haka kiyaye pH mai dacewa na ruwa na rumen wani muhimmin abu ne a cikin rumen fermentation. Bayan digesta ya wuce ta cikin rumen, omasum yana shan ruwa mai yawa don enzymes na narkewa da acid a cikin abomasum ba su narke ba.<ref name="Clauss2014" /> == Tannin guba a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa == Tannins sune mahaɗan phenolic waɗanda ake yawan samun su a cikin shuke-shuke. Ana samun su a cikin ganye, bud, iri, tushen, da ƙwayoyin tsiro, tannins suna rarraba a cikin nau'ikan shuke-shuke daban-daban. Tannins an raba su zuwa nau'o'i biyu: tannins masu narkewa da tannins masu ƙuntata. Dangane da mayar da hankali da yanayin su, ko dai aji na iya samun sakamako mara kyau ko mai fa'ida. Tannins na iya zama mai fa'ida, bayan an nuna shi don kara samar da madara, ci gaban ulu, yawan ovulation, da kuma kashi na raguna, da kuma rage haɗarin kumbura da rage nauyin kwayar cuta ta ciki. Tannins na iya zama mai guba ga ruminants, saboda suna fitar da sunadarai, suna sa ba su samuwa don narkewa ba, kuma suna hana shan abubuwan gina jiki ta hanyar rage yawan ƙwayoyin cuta na proteolytic rumen. Matsayi mai yawa na cin tannin na iya haifar da guba wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Tannins: fascinating but sometimes dangerous molecules' [Cornell University Department of Animal Science? (c) 2018] |url=https://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/toxicagents/tannin.html}}</ref> Dabbobi waɗanda galibi suna cinye tsire-tsire masu wadata da tannin na iya haɓaka hanyoyin kariya daga tannins, kamar turawar dabarun lipids da extracellular polysaccharides waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ɗaurewa da tannins.<ref name="Barry" /> Wasu ruminants (goats, deer, elk, moose) suna iya cin abinci da yawa a cikin tannins (shafuka, rassa, bark) saboda kasancewar sunadarai masu ɗaure tannin a cikin hawan su.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Austin |first=PJ |display-authors=etal |year=1989 |title=Tannin-binding proteins in saliva of deer and their absence in saliva of sheep and cattle |journal=J Chem Ecol |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=1335–47 |doi=10.1007/BF01014834 |pmid=24272016 |s2cid=32846214}}</ref> == Muhimmancin addini == Dokar Musa a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki ta ba da izinin cin wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda ke da ƙafar ƙafafu (watau membobin tsari na Artiodactyla) da kuma "waɗanda ke cinye ƙafar", wani tsari da aka kiyaye har zuwa yau a cikin Dokokin abinci na Yahudawa da kuma dokokin abinci na Samariyawa, ƙungiyoyin Sunan Mai Tsarki da kuma ƙungiyoyin da ke bin waɗannan dokokin abinci, kamar Ikilisiyar Orthodox ta Habasha, Adventists na bakwai, Ikilisiyar Allah ta Philadelphia, da wasu ƙungiyoyi. == Sauran amfani == An faɗaɗa aikatau 'don yin tunani' a matsayin kwatanci don ma'anar yin tunani ko yin tunani a kan wasu batutuwa. Hakazalika, ana iya 'ya'yan ra'ayoyi' ko 'ya'ya'. 'Chew the cud', ko 'Chew one's cud', shine yin tunani ko yin tunani. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, "[[Rumination (halayyar mutum)|rumination]]" yana nufin tsarin tunani, kuma ba shi da alaƙa da ilimin narkewar abinci. == Ruminants da canjin yanayi == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> A matsayin samfur na cin cellulose, shanu suna fitar da methane, ta haka ne suka dawo da wannan carbon da shuke-shuke suka kwace a cikin yanayi. Bayan kimanin shekaru 10 zuwa 1, wannan methane ya lalace kuma ya sake komawa zuwa CO. Da zarar an canza su zuwa , tsire-tsire na iya sake yin photosynthesis kuma su gyara wannan carbon zuwa cellulose. Daga nan, shanu za su iya cin shuke-shuke kuma sake zagayowar ta fara. Ainihin, methane da aka samo daga shanu ba ya ƙara sabon carbon zuwa yanayi. Maimakon haka yana daga cikin yanayin halitta na carbon ta hanyar sake zagayowar carbon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Werth |first=Samantha |date=19 February 2020 |title=The Biogenic Carbon Cycle and Cattle |url=https://clear.ucdavis.edu/explainers/biogenic-carbon-cycle-and-cattle |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221070734/https://clear.ucdavis.edu/explainers/biogenic-carbon-cycle-and-cattle |archive-date=21 February 2024 |website=CLEAR Center |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2010, fermentation na ciki ya kai kashi 43% na jimlar hayakin gas daga duk ayyukan noma a duniya, [1] 26% na jimlar iskar gas daga aikin gona a Amurka, da kuma kashi 22% na jimlar fitar da methane na Amurka. [2] Naman daga ruminants da aka haifa a cikin gida yana da sawun carbon mafi girma fiye da sauran nama ko tushen kayan lambu na furotin bisa ga nazarin meta-analysis na duniya na nazarin nazarin rayuwar rayuwa.[3] Samar da methane ta dabbobi masu nama, galibi ruminants, an kiyasta 15-20% samar da methane a duniya, sai dai idan an farautar dabbobi a cikin daji. [4][5] Yawan shanu na cikin gida da na madara na yanzu yana kusa da miliyan 90, kusan kashi 50% sama da yawan mutanen daji na Bison na Amurka na miliyan 60 a cikin shekarun 1700, wanda ya fara yawo a yankin Arewacin Amurka wanda yanzu ya zama Amurka.[6] == Dubi kuma == * Ɗaya daga cikin Gida * Mai Haskakawa == Manazarta ==  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dabiaqvrfs6a11y2t8oji2yoqq1awq4 Renmar 'Arnejo 0 179278 967809 2026-10-15T10:00:22Z Buzzlightyear34 50071 Sabon shafi: '''Renmar Cañete 'Arnejo''' (wanda aka haifa a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1999) ɗan ƙasar Philippines ne, mai ƙera tsana, kuma sanannen mutum a kafofin sada zumunta. Ya shahara musamman saboda bidiyon rawa da yake wallafawa a dandalin TikTok da kuma tasharsa ta YouTube, inda ya fara aiki sosai tun shekarar 2019. {{Infobox person|name=Renmar 'Arnejo|image=|birth_name=Renmar Cañete 'Arnejo|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1999|01|24|df=yes}}|nationality=[[Philippines|Filipino]]|bi... 967809 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Renmar Cañete 'Arnejo''' (wanda aka haifa a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1999) ɗan ƙasar Philippines ne, mai ƙera tsana, kuma sanannen mutum a kafofin sada zumunta. Ya shahara musamman saboda bidiyon rawa da yake wallafawa a dandalin TikTok da kuma tasharsa ta YouTube, inda ya fara aiki sosai tun shekarar 2019. {{Infobox person|name=Renmar 'Arnejo|image=|birth_name=Renmar Cañete 'Arnejo|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1999|01|24|df=yes}}|nationality=[[Philippines|Filipino]]|birth_place=Cebu City,|years_active=2014–zuwa yanzu|parents=Renato 'Arnejo Jr. (mahaifi), Marcila 'Arnejo (mahaifiya)|height=1.72 m (ƙafa 5 inci 8)|weight=|education=Makarantar Firamare ta Zapatera, Makarantar Sakandare ta Ƙasa ta Zapatera|occupation=Mai ƙera tsana, sanannen mutum a kafofin sada zumunta.|relatives=[[Virginia 'Arnejo]] (Goggo/Anti), Rica 'Arnejo ('Yar uwa/cousin), Mary Rose 'Limpiado ('yar uwa/cousin), Mary Alodia 'Limpiado ('yar uwa/cousin)}} == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Renmar 'Arnejo a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1999, a birnin Cebu, Philippines. Cikakken sunansa shi ne Renmar Cañete 'Arnejo. A halin yanzu yana da shekaru 21, kuma alamar tauraruwarsa ita ce Aquarius. Shi ɗan ƙasar Philippines ne, amma ba a san kabilarsa ba. Bugu da ƙari, Renmar yana da ɗan'uwa ko 'yar'uwa guda ɗaya. Yana da ’yan’uwa maza biyu, ɗayansu shi ne Rennell 'Arnejo. Sunan mahaifiyarsa Marcila 'Arnejo, sunan mahaifinsa kuma Renato 'Arnejo Jr. Daga baya iyayensa sun rabu, inda mahaifiyarsa ta tafi da shi zuwa ƙasar Philippines, inda ya girma. Yana yawan raka mahaifiyarsa zuwa coci, wuraren sayayya (malls), da manyan shaguna, inda take ɗaukar hotunansa. Iyalan Renmar 'Arnejo su ne Renato 'Arnejo Jr. da Marcila 'Arnejo. Ya girma tare da ƙaninsa, Renmar 'Arnejo. Shi ne ƙanin Rennell 'Arnejo, wanda ya shahara a ƙasar Philippines a fannin wasan bidiyo na Dota da kuma fasaha. Tare, sun kafa haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi wanda ya yi matuƙar shahara a yanar gizo. == Rayuwarsa ta sirri == A birnin Cebu, Philippines, ya fara karatunsa (tsakanin shekarun 2011-2012). Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Zapatera, sannan ya ci gaba a makarantar sakandare ta Zapatera (Zapatera National High School), inda ya yi aji 2 zuwa 5 tsakanin shekarun 2011 zuwa 2015, sannan ya yi aji 6 a shekarar 2016 zuwa 2017. Daga nan, ya ci gaba da aji 7 zuwa 9 a makarantar Zapatera tsakanin shekarun 2017 zuwa 2020. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, ya kasance yana zuwa hutu a yankin Talamba, inda yake ciyar da lokaci tare da ’yan’uwansa (cousins), musamman ma Rica 'Arnejo. A halin yanzu, yana zaune a Private Sambag 1 tare da 'yan uwansa, musamman Mary Alodia 'Limpiado da 'yar uwarta Mary Rose 'Limpiado, inda suke shirya bidiyo (vlogs) game da rayuwarsu a lokacin killacewar annobar COVID-19. == Aiki == Renmar 'Arnejo ya fara sana'ar kera 'yan tsana a shekarar 2011, lokacin da yake a aji 2. Yana yin hakan ne a gida, inda yake kera tarin 'yan tsana na gimbiya irin na Disney—kamar Anna, Elsa, da Gimbiya Jasmine. Haka kuma, yana kera 'yan tsana na wasan kwaikwayo (puppets) da kayan wasan yara masu laushi, ciki har da 'yan tsana irin na "Peas in a Pod" daga fim din *Toy Story 3*. Ya fara wannan aikin ne a Private Sambag 1, inda 'yan uwansa su ma suke zaune a lokacin (sun zauna a wurin har zuwa shekarar 2013). == Duba kuma == * Rica 'Arnejo * Mary Alodia 'Limpiado * Mary Rose 'Limpiado == Manazarta == {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:'Arnejo, Renmar}} [[Category:An haife su a 1999]] [[Category:Filipinos masu asalin Irish]] [[Category:Masu kera 'yan tsana]] [[Category:Masu tasiri a kafofin sada zumunta]] i4b0oyq3wvgji82iyqpjobgtdkshwb9 967812 967809 2026-10-15T10:03:47Z Buzzlightyear34 50071 /* */ 967812 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Renmar Cañete 'Arnejo''' (wanda aka haifa a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1999) ɗan ƙasar Philippines ne, mai ƙera tsana, kuma sanannen mutum a kafofin sada zumunta. Ya shahara musamman saboda bidiyon rawa da yake wallafawa a dandalin TikTok da kuma tasharsa ta YouTube, inda ya fara aiki sosai tun shekarar 2019. {{Infobox person|name=Renmar 'Arnejo|image=File:Renmar 'Arnejo .jpg (2027).jpg|birth_name=Renmar Cañete 'Arnejo|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1999|01|24|df=yes}}|nationality=[[Philippines|Filipino]]|birth_place=Cebu City,|years_active=2014–zuwa yanzu|parents=Renato 'Arnejo Jr. (mahaifi), Marcila 'Arnejo (mahaifiya)|height=1.72 m (ƙafa 5 inci 8)|weight=|education=Makarantar Firamare ta Zapatera, Makarantar Sakandare ta Ƙasa ta Zapatera|occupation=Mai ƙera tsana, sanannen mutum a kafofin sada zumunta.|relatives=[[Virginia 'Arnejo]] (Goggo/Anti), Rica 'Arnejo ('Yar uwa/cousin), Mary Rose 'Limpiado ('yar uwa/cousin), Mary Alodia 'Limpiado ('yar uwa/cousin)}} == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Renmar 'Arnejo a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1999, a birnin Cebu, Philippines. Cikakken sunansa shi ne Renmar Cañete 'Arnejo. A halin yanzu yana da shekaru 21, kuma alamar tauraruwarsa ita ce Aquarius. Shi ɗan ƙasar Philippines ne, amma ba a san kabilarsa ba. Bugu da ƙari, Renmar yana da ɗan'uwa ko 'yar'uwa guda ɗaya. Yana da ’yan’uwa maza biyu, ɗayansu shi ne Rennell 'Arnejo. Sunan mahaifiyarsa Marcila 'Arnejo, sunan mahaifinsa kuma Renato 'Arnejo Jr. Daga baya iyayensa sun rabu, inda mahaifiyarsa ta tafi da shi zuwa ƙasar Philippines, inda ya girma. Yana yawan raka mahaifiyarsa zuwa coci, wuraren sayayya (malls), da manyan shaguna, inda take ɗaukar hotunansa. Iyalan Renmar 'Arnejo su ne Renato 'Arnejo Jr. da Marcila 'Arnejo. Ya girma tare da ƙaninsa, Renmar 'Arnejo. Shi ne ƙanin Rennell 'Arnejo, wanda ya shahara a ƙasar Philippines a fannin wasan bidiyo na Dota da kuma fasaha. Tare, sun kafa haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi wanda ya yi matuƙar shahara a yanar gizo. == Rayuwarsa ta sirri == A birnin Cebu, Philippines, ya fara karatunsa (tsakanin shekarun 2011-2012). Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Zapatera, sannan ya ci gaba a makarantar sakandare ta Zapatera (Zapatera National High School), inda ya yi aji 2 zuwa 5 tsakanin shekarun 2011 zuwa 2015, sannan ya yi aji 6 a shekarar 2016 zuwa 2017. Daga nan, ya ci gaba da aji 7 zuwa 9 a makarantar Zapatera tsakanin shekarun 2017 zuwa 2020. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, ya kasance yana zuwa hutu a yankin Talamba, inda yake ciyar da lokaci tare da ’yan’uwansa (cousins), musamman ma Rica 'Arnejo. A halin yanzu, yana zaune a Private Sambag 1 tare da 'yan uwansa, musamman Mary Alodia 'Limpiado da 'yar uwarta Mary Rose 'Limpiado, inda suke shirya bidiyo (vlogs) game da rayuwarsu a lokacin killacewar annobar COVID-19. == Aiki == Renmar 'Arnejo ya fara sana'ar kera 'yan tsana a shekarar 2011, lokacin da yake a aji 2. Yana yin hakan ne a gida, inda yake kera tarin 'yan tsana na gimbiya irin na Disney—kamar Anna, Elsa, da Gimbiya Jasmine. Haka kuma, yana kera 'yan tsana na wasan kwaikwayo (puppets) da kayan wasan yara masu laushi, ciki har da 'yan tsana irin na "Peas in a Pod" daga fim din *Toy Story 3*. Ya fara wannan aikin ne a Private Sambag 1, inda 'yan uwansa su ma suke zaune a lokacin (sun zauna a wurin har zuwa shekarar 2013). == Duba kuma == * Rica 'Arnejo * Mary Alodia 'Limpiado * Mary Rose 'Limpiado == Manazarta == {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:'Arnejo, Renmar}} [[Category:An haife su a 1999]] [[Category:Filipinos masu asalin Irish]] [[Category:Masu kera 'yan tsana]] [[Category:Masu tasiri a kafofin sada zumunta]] s30ic4bhqnbrzk3i74ydf8n2eqkl108 David Furnish 0 179279 967810 2026-10-15T10:00:59Z Galadanchi123 50022 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377533271|David Furnish]]" 967810 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''David James Furnish''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1962) shi ne Shugaba na Kanada, manajan mai zane-zane, mai shirya fina-finai kuma tsohon mai kula da talla. Shi ne mijin mawaƙin Burtaniya, marubucin waƙa, kuma pianist [[Elton John]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2014 |title=Photos: Sir Elton John and David Furnish marry · PinkNews |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2014/12/21/photos-sir-elton-john-and-david-furnish-marry/ |access-date=4 June 2018 |publisher=Pinknews.co.uk}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi David Furnish a [[Toronto]] a Asibitin Kwalejin Mata, ga Gladys da Jack Furnish, darektan Kamfanin Bristol-Myers, kamfanin magunguna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matt & Andrej Koymasky - Famous GLTB - David Furnish |url=http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/fam/biof3/furnis01.html |access-date=3 April 2023 |website=andrejkoymasky.com}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026}}</ref> Yana da babban ɗan'uwa, John, da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa، Peter. Ya kammala karatu daga Cibiyar Kwalejin Sir John A. Macdonald a 1981 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Bachelor of Business Administration (HBA) daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Ivey a Jami'ar Western Ontario a London, Ontario, a 1985. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2015 |title=Pride grand marshal David Furnish reflects on growing up gay in a very different Toronto |url=https://www.thestar.com/life/health_wellness/2015/06/26/pride-grand-marshal-david-furnish-reflects-on-growing-up-gay-in-a-very-different-toronto.html |access-date=28 June 2015 |website=Toronto Star}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, kamfanin talla na Ogilvy &amp;amp; Mather Canada ne ya dauki David Furnish a Toronto. A shekara ta 27, ya nemi kamfaninsa ya tura shi zuwa [[Landan]] ofisoshin su na Burtaniya a London. Kayan gida sun bunƙasa a can, sun zama darektan mafi ƙanƙanta na sabis na asusun.<ref name=":0" /> Furnish is co-chief of Rocket Pictures with his husband [[Elton John]]. Furnish serves on the board of the Elton John AIDS Foundation as chairman,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=9 June 2023 |title=David Furnish on wiping out HIV/Aids, the 'weaponisation' of LGBTQ+ rights … and the day Putin called |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/jun/09/david-furnish-on-wiping-out-hivaids-the-weaponisation-of-lgbtq-rights-and-the-day-putin-called |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> attending fund-raising events and other events in support of the foundation.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2019}} Furnish is a contributing editor for ''Tatler,'' a magazine, and also is a regular columnist for ''Interview'' and ''GQ''.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2019}} In 2015, he was named one of ''GQ''{{'}}s 50 best dressed men in Britain. A watan Yunin 2019, don yin bikin cika shekaru 50 na Rikicin Stonewall, ''[[Queer]]" id="mwSw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Queerty">Queerty'' ya sanya masa suna tare da Elton John, a matsayin daya daga cikin Pride50 "mutanen da ke ci gaba da tabbatar da al'umma ta ci gaba da motsawa zuwa ga [[Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki|daidaito]], karɓa da mutunci ga duk mutanen da ba su da kyau".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queerty Pride50 2019 Honorees |url=https://www.queerty.com/pride50 |access-date=18 June 2019 |website=Queerty |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Furnish da Elton John sun sami lambar yabo ta Artist da Manager Partnership daga Music Managers Forum (MMF) a cikin 2021. Kyautar ta amince da aikinsu a cikin kiɗa da sadaka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elton John and David Furnish to be honoured at Artist & Manager Awards |url=https://www.musicweek.com/management/read/elton-john-and-david-furnish-to-be-honoured-at-artist-manager-awards/084272}}</ref> Furnish ya lashe kyautar Manajan Shekara a 2022 Music Week Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Elton John speaks out on the charts, Brexit & why women are making the best music in 2022 |url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/exclusive-elton-john-speaks-out-on-the-charts-brexit-why-women-are-making-the-best-music-in-2022/086197}}</ref> A cikin 2024, Furnish ya jagoranci shirin Elton John: Never Too Late tare da RJ Cutler . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Furnish ya fara dangantaka da Elton John a 1993. Elton John ya ba da shawarar ga Furnish a watan Mayu 2005 a wani biki na abincin dare tare da abokai da dangi a daya daga cikin gidajensu a Old Windsor. Sun shiga cikin haɗin gwiwar farar hula a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2005, ranar farko da aka iya yin haɗin gwiwar jama'a a Ingila, a garin Windsor, Berkshire . [1] An haifi ɗansu na farko a ranar 25 ga Disamba 2010 a California ta hanyar maye gurbin.[1] A ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2013, an haifi ɗan ma'auratan na biyu ta hanyar wannan mataimakin na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title=Special Announcement |url=http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120013211/http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4 |archive-date=20 January 2013 |access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Bayan auren jinsi guda ya zama doka a Ingila da Wales a watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, sun sake canza haɗin gwiwar su na farar hula zuwa aure kuma sun gudanar da bikin a Windsor a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014. Shekarar cika shekaru tara na haɗin gwiwar farar hula. A cikin 2016, Furnish ya nemi umarnin sirri a cikin shari'ar PJS v News Group Newspapers Ltd . == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Elton John: Tantrums &amp;amp; Tiaras''; darektan (1997) * Mata Masu Magana Dirty; mai gabatarwa (1999) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Elley |first=Derek |date=11 October 1999 |title=Women Talking Dirty |url=https://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/women-talking-dirty-1200459510/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Variety |language=en}}</ref> * Desert Flower; mai samarwa (1999) * Kofi Annan: Cibiyar Guguwa; babban furodusa (2002) * Fama da Fashion: A ciki Gucci - Jima'i da Fashion; darektan, marubucin rubutun (2002) * Fama da Fashion: A ciki Versace - Fama da Fada; darektan, marubucin rubutun (2002) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inside Versace Fame and Fashion (2002) |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88a0a6b2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411170319/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88a0a6b2 |archive-date=11 April 2018 |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=BFI |language=en}}</ref> * ''Yaro ne Yaro Yaro''; mai gabatarwa (2006) * Pride da Predator; mai gabatarwa (an sanar da shi 2009) * Gnomeo & Juliet; furodusa (2011) <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2011 |title=Gnomeo and Juliet: Exclusive interview with Elton John and David |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/gnomeo-and-juliet-exclusive-interview-with-elton-john-and-david-furnish-2209082.html |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> * Billy Elliot the Musical Live; babban furodusa (2014) <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Furnish |url=http://billyelliotthemusical.com/creative/david-furnish/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Billy Elliot Tour |language=en-US}}</ref> * Virtuoso; mai gabatar da zartarwa (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wagmeister |first=Elizabeth |date=27 January 2015 |title=HBO Orders Musical Period Drama Pilot From Elton John & 'True Blood' Creator |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/hbo-virtuoso-pilot-order-alan-ball-elton-john-1201415580/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Variety |language=en}}</ref> * Sherlock Gnomes; furodusa (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |title=British Council Film: Sherlock Gnomes |url=http://film.britishcouncil.org/sherlock-gnomes |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=film.britishcouncil.org}}</ref> * ''Rocketman''; furodusa (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2019 |title=David Furnish says Elton John biopic Rocketman is giving him 'sleepless nights' |url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/david-furnish-says-elton-john-biopic-rocketman-is-giving-him-sleepless-nights-37844545.html |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Irish Independent |language=en}}</ref> * Elton John: Never Too Late, darektan (2024) * ''Spinal Tap II'', da kansa (2025) == Talabijin == * ''Nunin: Elvis Costello tare da...''; mai gabatarwa (2008) == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == * Billy Elliot the Musical; babban furodusa (Maris 2005) == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] arko8wko226rqo39xhhu3rxim7m99l6 967811 967810 2026-10-15T10:02:05Z Galadanchi123 50022 967811 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''David James Furnish''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1962) shi ne Shugaba na Kanada, manajan mai zane-zane, mai shirya fina-finai kuma tsohon mai kula da talla. Shi ne mijin mawaƙin Burtaniya, marubucin waƙa, kuma pianist [[Elton John]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2014 |title=Photos: Sir Elton John and David Furnish marry · PinkNews |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2014/12/21/photos-sir-elton-john-and-david-furnish-marry/ |access-date=4 June 2018 |publisher=Pinknews.co.uk}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi David Furnish a [[Toronto]] a Asibitin Kwalejin Mata, ga Gladys da Jack Furnish, darektan Kamfanin Bristol-Myers, kamfanin magunguna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matt & Andrej Koymasky - Famous GLTB - David Furnish |url=http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/fam/biof3/furnis01.html |access-date=3 April 2023 |website=andrejkoymasky.com}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026}}</ref> Yana da babban ɗan'uwa, John, da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa، Peter. Ya kammala karatu daga Cibiyar Kwalejin Sir John A. Macdonald a 1981 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Bachelor of Business Administration (HBA) daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Ivey a Jami'ar Western Ontario a London, Ontario, a 1985. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2015 |title=Pride grand marshal David Furnish reflects on growing up gay in a very different Toronto |url=https://www.thestar.com/life/health_wellness/2015/06/26/pride-grand-marshal-david-furnish-reflects-on-growing-up-gay-in-a-very-different-toronto.html |access-date=28 June 2015 |website=Toronto Star}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, kamfanin talla na Ogilvy &amp;amp; Mather Canada ne ya dauki David Furnish a Toronto. A shekara ta 27, ya nemi kamfaninsa ya tura shi zuwa [[Landan]] ofisoshin su na Burtaniya a London. Kayan gida sun bunƙasa a can, sun zama darektan mafi ƙanƙanta na sabis na asusun.<ref name=":0" /> Furnish is co-chief of Rocket Pictures with his husband [[Elton John]]. Furnish serves on the board of the Elton John AIDS Foundation as chairman,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=9 June 2023 |title=David Furnish on wiping out HIV/Aids, the 'weaponisation' of LGBTQ+ rights … and the day Putin called |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/jun/09/david-furnish-on-wiping-out-hivaids-the-weaponisation-of-lgbtq-rights-and-the-day-putin-called |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> attending fund-raising events and other events in support of the foundation.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2019}} Furnish is a contributing editor for ''Tatler,'' a magazine, and also is a regular columnist for ''Interview'' and ''GQ''.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2019}} In 2015, he was named one of ''GQ''{{'}}s 50 best dressed men in Britain. A watan Yunin 2019, don yin bikin cika shekaru 50 na Rikicin Stonewall, ''[[Queer]]" id="mwSw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Queerty">Queerty'' ya sanya masa suna tare da Elton John, a matsayin daya daga cikin Pride50 "mutanen da ke ci gaba da tabbatar da al'umma ta ci gaba da motsawa zuwa ga [[Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki|daidaito]], karɓa da mutunci ga duk mutanen da ba su da kyau".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queerty Pride50 2019 Honorees |url=https://www.queerty.com/pride50 |access-date=18 June 2019 |website=Queerty |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Furnish da Elton John sun sami lambar yabo ta Artist da Manager Partnership daga Music Managers Forum (MMF) a cikin 2021. Kyautar ta amince da aikinsu a cikin kiɗa da sadaka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elton John and David Furnish to be honoured at Artist & Manager Awards |url=https://www.musicweek.com/management/read/elton-john-and-david-furnish-to-be-honoured-at-artist-manager-awards/084272}}</ref> Furnish ya lashe kyautar Manajan Shekara a 2022 Music Week Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Elton John speaks out on the charts, Brexit & why women are making the best music in 2022 |url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/exclusive-elton-john-speaks-out-on-the-charts-brexit-why-women-are-making-the-best-music-in-2022/086197}}</ref> A cikin 2024, Furnish ya jagoranci shirin Elton John: Never Too Late tare da RJ Cutler . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Furnish ya fara dangantaka da Elton John a 1993. Elton John ya ba da shawarar ga Furnish a watan Mayu 2005 a wani biki na abincin dare tare da abokai da dangi a daya daga cikin gidajensu a Old Windsor. Sun shiga cikin haɗin gwiwar farar hula a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2005, ranar farko da aka iya yin haɗin gwiwar jama'a a Ingila, a garin Windsor, Berkshire . [1] An haifi ɗansu na farko a ranar 25 ga Disamba 2010 a California ta hanyar maye gurbin.[1] A ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2013, an haifi ɗan ma'auratan na biyu ta hanyar wannan mataimakin na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title=Special Announcement |url=http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120013211/http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4 |archive-date=20 January 2013 |access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Bayan auren jinsi guda ya zama doka a Ingila da Wales a watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, sun sake canza haɗin gwiwar su na farar hula zuwa aure kuma sun gudanar da bikin a Windsor a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014. Shekarar cika shekaru tara na haɗin gwiwar farar hula. A cikin 2016, Furnish ya nemi umarnin sirri a cikin shari'ar PJS v News Group Newspapers Ltd . == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Elton John: Tantrums &amp;amp; Tiaras''; darektan (1997) * Mata Masu Magana Dirty; mai gabatarwa (1999) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Elley |first=Derek |date=11 October 1999 |title=Women Talking Dirty |url=https://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/women-talking-dirty-1200459510/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Variety |language=en}}</ref> * Desert Flower; mai samarwa (1999) * Kofi Annan: Cibiyar Guguwa; babban furodusa (2002) * Fama da Fashion: A ciki Gucci - Jima'i da Fashion; darektan, marubucin rubutun (2002) * Fama da Fashion: A ciki Versace - Fama da Fada; darektan, marubucin rubutun (2002) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inside Versace Fame and Fashion (2002) |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88a0a6b2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411170319/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88a0a6b2 |archive-date=11 April 2018 |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=BFI |language=en}}</ref> * ''Yaro ne Yaro Yaro''; mai gabatarwa (2006) * Pride da Predator; mai gabatarwa (an sanar da shi 2009) * Gnomeo & Juliet; furodusa (2011) <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2011 |title=Gnomeo and Juliet: Exclusive interview with Elton John and David |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/gnomeo-and-juliet-exclusive-interview-with-elton-john-and-david-furnish-2209082.html |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> * Billy Elliot the Musical Live; babban furodusa (2014) <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Furnish |url=http://billyelliotthemusical.com/creative/david-furnish/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Billy Elliot Tour |language=en-US}}</ref> * Virtuoso; mai gabatar da zartarwa (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wagmeister |first=Elizabeth |date=27 January 2015 |title=HBO Orders Musical Period Drama Pilot From Elton John & 'True Blood' Creator |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/hbo-virtuoso-pilot-order-alan-ball-elton-john-1201415580/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Variety |language=en}}</ref> * Sherlock Gnomes; furodusa (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |title=British Council Film: Sherlock Gnomes |url=http://film.britishcouncil.org/sherlock-gnomes |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=film.britishcouncil.org}}</ref> * ''Rocketman''; furodusa (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2019 |title=David Furnish says Elton John biopic Rocketman is giving him 'sleepless nights' |url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/david-furnish-says-elton-john-biopic-rocketman-is-giving-him-sleepless-nights-37844545.html |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Irish Independent |language=en}}</ref> * Elton John: Never Too Late, darektan (2024) * ''Spinal Tap II'', da kansa (2025) == Talabijin == * ''Nunin: Elvis Costello tare da...''; mai gabatarwa (2008) == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == * Billy Elliot the Musical; babban furodusa (Maris 2005) == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] jwoz3rf9k9uwmofh0dv0yjeldu1xo6z 967822 967811 2026-10-15T11:00:45Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi */ 967822 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''David James Furnish''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1962) shi ne Shugaba na Kanada, manajan mai zane-zane, mai shirya fina-finai kuma tsohon mai kula da talla. Shi ne mijin mawaƙin Burtaniya, marubucin waƙa, kuma pianist [[Elton John]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2014 |title=Photos: Sir Elton John and David Furnish marry · PinkNews |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2014/12/21/photos-sir-elton-john-and-david-furnish-marry/ |access-date=4 June 2018 |publisher=Pinknews.co.uk}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi David Furnish a [[Toronto]] a Asibitin Kwalejin Mata, ga Gladys da Jack Furnish, darektan Kamfanin Bristol-Myers, kamfanin magunguna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matt & Andrej Koymasky - Famous GLTB - David Furnish |url=http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/fam/biof3/furnis01.html |access-date=3 April 2023 |website=andrejkoymasky.com}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026}}</ref> Yana da babban ɗan'uwa, John, da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa، Peter. Ya kammala karatu daga Cibiyar Kwalejin Sir John A. Macdonald a shekara ta 1981 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Bachelor of Business Administration (HBA) daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Ivey a Jami'ar Western Ontario a London, Ontario, a 1985. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2015 |title=Pride grand marshal David Furnish reflects on growing up gay in a very different Toronto |url=https://www.thestar.com/life/health_wellness/2015/06/26/pride-grand-marshal-david-furnish-reflects-on-growing-up-gay-in-a-very-different-toronto.html |access-date=28 June 2015 |website=Toronto Star}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, kamfanin talla na Ogilvy &amp;amp; Mather Canada ne ya dauki David Furnish a Toronto. A shekara ta 27, ya nemi kamfaninsa ya tura shi zuwa [[Landan]] ofisoshin su na Burtaniya a London. Kayan gida sun bunƙasa a can, sun zama darektan mafi ƙanƙanta na sabis na asusun.<ref name=":0" /> Furnish is co-chief of Rocket Pictures with his husband [[Elton John]]. Furnish serves on the board of the Elton John AIDS Foundation as chairman,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=9 June 2023 |title=David Furnish on wiping out HIV/Aids, the 'weaponisation' of LGBTQ+ rights … and the day Putin called |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/jun/09/david-furnish-on-wiping-out-hivaids-the-weaponisation-of-lgbtq-rights-and-the-day-putin-called |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> attending fund-raising events and other events in support of the foundation.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2019}} Furnish is a contributing editor for ''Tatler,'' a magazine, and also is a regular columnist for ''Interview'' and ''GQ''.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2019}} In 2015, he was named one of ''GQ''{{'}}s 50 best dressed men in Britain. A watan Yunin 2019, don yin bikin cika shekaru 50 na Rikicin Stonewall, ''[[Queer]]" id="mwSw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Queerty">Queerty'' ya sanya masa suna tare da Elton John, a matsayin daya daga cikin Pride50 "mutanen da ke ci gaba da tabbatar da al'umma ta ci gaba da motsawa zuwa ga [[Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki|daidaito]], karɓa da mutunci ga duk mutanen da ba su da kyau".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queerty Pride50 2019 Honorees |url=https://www.queerty.com/pride50 |access-date=18 June 2019 |website=Queerty |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Furnish da Elton John sun sami lambar yabo ta Artist da Manager Partnership daga Music Managers Forum (MMF) a cikin 2021. Kyautar ta amince da aikinsu a cikin kiɗa da sadaka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elton John and David Furnish to be honoured at Artist & Manager Awards |url=https://www.musicweek.com/management/read/elton-john-and-david-furnish-to-be-honoured-at-artist-manager-awards/084272}}</ref> Furnish ya lashe kyautar Manajan Shekara a 2022 Music Week Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Elton John speaks out on the charts, Brexit & why women are making the best music in 2022 |url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/exclusive-elton-john-speaks-out-on-the-charts-brexit-why-women-are-making-the-best-music-in-2022/086197}}</ref> A cikin 2024, Furnish ya jagoranci shirin Elton John: Never Too Late tare da RJ Cutler . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Furnish ya fara dangantaka da Elton John a 1993. Elton John ya ba da shawarar ga Furnish a watan Mayu 2005 a wani biki na abincin dare tare da abokai da dangi a daya daga cikin gidajensu a Old Windsor. Sun shiga cikin haɗin gwiwar farar hula a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2005, ranar farko da aka iya yin haɗin gwiwar jama'a a Ingila, a garin Windsor, Berkshire . [1] An haifi ɗansu na farko a ranar 25 ga Disamba 2010 a California ta hanyar maye gurbin.[1] A ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2013, an haifi ɗan ma'auratan na biyu ta hanyar wannan mataimakin na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title=Special Announcement |url=http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120013211/http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4 |archive-date=20 January 2013 |access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Bayan auren jinsi guda ya zama doka a Ingila da Wales a watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, sun sake canza haɗin gwiwar su na farar hula zuwa aure kuma sun gudanar da bikin a Windsor a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014. Shekarar cika shekaru tara na haɗin gwiwar farar hula. A cikin 2016, Furnish ya nemi umarnin sirri a cikin shari'ar PJS v News Group Newspapers Ltd . == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Elton John: Tantrums &amp;amp; Tiaras''; darektan (1997) * Mata Masu Magana Dirty; mai gabatarwa (1999) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Elley |first=Derek |date=11 October 1999 |title=Women Talking Dirty |url=https://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/women-talking-dirty-1200459510/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Variety |language=en}}</ref> * Desert Flower; mai samarwa (1999) * Kofi Annan: Cibiyar Guguwa; babban furodusa (2002) * Fama da Fashion: A ciki Gucci - Jima'i da Fashion; darektan, marubucin rubutun (2002) * Fama da Fashion: A ciki Versace - Fama da Fada; darektan, marubucin rubutun (2002) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inside Versace Fame and Fashion (2002) |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88a0a6b2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411170319/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88a0a6b2 |archive-date=11 April 2018 |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=BFI |language=en}}</ref> * ''Yaro ne Yaro Yaro''; mai gabatarwa (2006) * Pride da Predator; mai gabatarwa (an sanar da shi 2009) * Gnomeo & Juliet; furodusa (2011) <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2011 |title=Gnomeo and Juliet: Exclusive interview with Elton John and David |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/gnomeo-and-juliet-exclusive-interview-with-elton-john-and-david-furnish-2209082.html |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> * Billy Elliot the Musical Live; babban furodusa (2014) <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Furnish |url=http://billyelliotthemusical.com/creative/david-furnish/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Billy Elliot Tour |language=en-US}}</ref> * Virtuoso; mai gabatar da zartarwa (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wagmeister |first=Elizabeth |date=27 January 2015 |title=HBO Orders Musical Period Drama Pilot From Elton John & 'True Blood' Creator |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/hbo-virtuoso-pilot-order-alan-ball-elton-john-1201415580/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Variety |language=en}}</ref> * Sherlock Gnomes; furodusa (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |title=British Council Film: Sherlock Gnomes |url=http://film.britishcouncil.org/sherlock-gnomes |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=film.britishcouncil.org}}</ref> * ''Rocketman''; furodusa (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2019 |title=David Furnish says Elton John biopic Rocketman is giving him 'sleepless nights' |url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/david-furnish-says-elton-john-biopic-rocketman-is-giving-him-sleepless-nights-37844545.html |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Irish Independent |language=en}}</ref> * Elton John: Never Too Late, darektan (2024) * ''Spinal Tap II'', da kansa (2025) == Talabijin == * ''Nunin: Elvis Costello tare da...''; mai gabatarwa (2008) == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == * Billy Elliot the Musical; babban furodusa (Maris 2005) == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] ki7ri0i9f4gr0vbagr6x3ilvcydulv0 967823 967822 2026-10-15T11:01:06Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Rayuwa ta mutum */ 967823 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''David James Furnish''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1962) shi ne Shugaba na Kanada, manajan mai zane-zane, mai shirya fina-finai kuma tsohon mai kula da talla. Shi ne mijin mawaƙin Burtaniya, marubucin waƙa, kuma pianist [[Elton John]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2014 |title=Photos: Sir Elton John and David Furnish marry · PinkNews |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2014/12/21/photos-sir-elton-john-and-david-furnish-marry/ |access-date=4 June 2018 |publisher=Pinknews.co.uk}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi David Furnish a [[Toronto]] a Asibitin Kwalejin Mata, ga Gladys da Jack Furnish, darektan Kamfanin Bristol-Myers, kamfanin magunguna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matt & Andrej Koymasky - Famous GLTB - David Furnish |url=http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/fam/biof3/furnis01.html |access-date=3 April 2023 |website=andrejkoymasky.com}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026}}</ref> Yana da babban ɗan'uwa, John, da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa، Peter. Ya kammala karatu daga Cibiyar Kwalejin Sir John A. Macdonald a shekara ta 1981 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Bachelor of Business Administration (HBA) daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Ivey a Jami'ar Western Ontario a London, Ontario, a 1985. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2015 |title=Pride grand marshal David Furnish reflects on growing up gay in a very different Toronto |url=https://www.thestar.com/life/health_wellness/2015/06/26/pride-grand-marshal-david-furnish-reflects-on-growing-up-gay-in-a-very-different-toronto.html |access-date=28 June 2015 |website=Toronto Star}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, kamfanin talla na Ogilvy &amp;amp; Mather Canada ne ya dauki David Furnish a Toronto. A shekara ta 27, ya nemi kamfaninsa ya tura shi zuwa [[Landan]] ofisoshin su na Burtaniya a London. Kayan gida sun bunƙasa a can, sun zama darektan mafi ƙanƙanta na sabis na asusun.<ref name=":0" /> Furnish is co-chief of Rocket Pictures with his husband [[Elton John]]. Furnish serves on the board of the Elton John AIDS Foundation as chairman,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=9 June 2023 |title=David Furnish on wiping out HIV/Aids, the 'weaponisation' of LGBTQ+ rights … and the day Putin called |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/jun/09/david-furnish-on-wiping-out-hivaids-the-weaponisation-of-lgbtq-rights-and-the-day-putin-called |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> attending fund-raising events and other events in support of the foundation.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2019}} Furnish is a contributing editor for ''Tatler,'' a magazine, and also is a regular columnist for ''Interview'' and ''GQ''.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2019}} In 2015, he was named one of ''GQ''{{'}}s 50 best dressed men in Britain. A watan Yunin 2019, don yin bikin cika shekaru 50 na Rikicin Stonewall, ''[[Queer]]" id="mwSw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Queerty">Queerty'' ya sanya masa suna tare da Elton John, a matsayin daya daga cikin Pride50 "mutanen da ke ci gaba da tabbatar da al'umma ta ci gaba da motsawa zuwa ga [[Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki|daidaito]], karɓa da mutunci ga duk mutanen da ba su da kyau".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queerty Pride50 2019 Honorees |url=https://www.queerty.com/pride50 |access-date=18 June 2019 |website=Queerty |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Furnish da Elton John sun sami lambar yabo ta Artist da Manager Partnership daga Music Managers Forum (MMF) a cikin 2021. Kyautar ta amince da aikinsu a cikin kiɗa da sadaka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elton John and David Furnish to be honoured at Artist & Manager Awards |url=https://www.musicweek.com/management/read/elton-john-and-david-furnish-to-be-honoured-at-artist-manager-awards/084272}}</ref> Furnish ya lashe kyautar Manajan Shekara a 2022 Music Week Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Elton John speaks out on the charts, Brexit & why women are making the best music in 2022 |url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/exclusive-elton-john-speaks-out-on-the-charts-brexit-why-women-are-making-the-best-music-in-2022/086197}}</ref> A cikin 2024, Furnish ya jagoranci shirin Elton John: Never Too Late tare da RJ Cutler . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Furnish ya fara dangantaka da Elton John a 1993. Elton John ya ba da shawarar ga Furnish a watan Mayu 2005 a wani biki na abincin dare tare da abokai da dangi a daya daga cikin gidajensu a Old Windsor. Sun shiga cikin haɗin gwiwar farar hula a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2005, ranar farko da aka iya yin haɗin gwiwar jama'a a Ingila, a garin Windsor, Berkshire . [1] An haifi ɗansu na farko a ranar 25 ga Disamba 2010 a California ta hanyar maye gurbin.[1] A ranar 11 ga watan Janairu a shekara ta 2013, an haifi ɗan ma'auratan na biyu ta hanyar wannan mataimakin na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title=Special Announcement |url=http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120013211/http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4 |archive-date=20 January 2013 |access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Bayan auren jinsi guda ya zama doka a Ingila da Wales a watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, sun sake canza haɗin gwiwar su na farar hula zuwa aure kuma sun gudanar da bikin a Windsor a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014. Shekarar cika shekaru tara na haɗin gwiwar farar hula. A cikin 2016, Furnish ya nemi umarnin sirri a cikin shari'ar PJS v News Group Newspapers Ltd . == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Elton John: Tantrums &amp;amp; Tiaras''; darektan (1997) * Mata Masu Magana Dirty; mai gabatarwa (1999) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Elley |first=Derek |date=11 October 1999 |title=Women Talking Dirty |url=https://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/women-talking-dirty-1200459510/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Variety |language=en}}</ref> * Desert Flower; mai samarwa (1999) * Kofi Annan: Cibiyar Guguwa; babban furodusa (2002) * Fama da Fashion: A ciki Gucci - Jima'i da Fashion; darektan, marubucin rubutun (2002) * Fama da Fashion: A ciki Versace - Fama da Fada; darektan, marubucin rubutun (2002) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inside Versace Fame and Fashion (2002) |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88a0a6b2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411170319/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88a0a6b2 |archive-date=11 April 2018 |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=BFI |language=en}}</ref> * ''Yaro ne Yaro Yaro''; mai gabatarwa (2006) * Pride da Predator; mai gabatarwa (an sanar da shi 2009) * Gnomeo & Juliet; furodusa (2011) <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2011 |title=Gnomeo and Juliet: Exclusive interview with Elton John and David |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/gnomeo-and-juliet-exclusive-interview-with-elton-john-and-david-furnish-2209082.html |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> * Billy Elliot the Musical Live; babban furodusa (2014) <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Furnish |url=http://billyelliotthemusical.com/creative/david-furnish/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Billy Elliot Tour |language=en-US}}</ref> * Virtuoso; mai gabatar da zartarwa (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wagmeister |first=Elizabeth |date=27 January 2015 |title=HBO Orders Musical Period Drama Pilot From Elton John & 'True Blood' Creator |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/hbo-virtuoso-pilot-order-alan-ball-elton-john-1201415580/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Variety |language=en}}</ref> * Sherlock Gnomes; furodusa (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |title=British Council Film: Sherlock Gnomes |url=http://film.britishcouncil.org/sherlock-gnomes |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=film.britishcouncil.org}}</ref> * ''Rocketman''; furodusa (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2019 |title=David Furnish says Elton John biopic Rocketman is giving him 'sleepless nights' |url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/david-furnish-says-elton-john-biopic-rocketman-is-giving-him-sleepless-nights-37844545.html |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Irish Independent |language=en}}</ref> * Elton John: Never Too Late, darektan (2024) * ''Spinal Tap II'', da kansa (2025) == Talabijin == * ''Nunin: Elvis Costello tare da...''; mai gabatarwa (2008) == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == * Billy Elliot the Musical; babban furodusa (Maris 2005) == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] 6colp5hw6pc9d9ilwrp8movv8km5727 967824 967823 2026-10-15T11:01:57Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Rayuwa ta mutum */ 967824 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''David James Furnish''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1962) shi ne Shugaba na Kanada, manajan mai zane-zane, mai shirya fina-finai kuma tsohon mai kula da talla. Shi ne mijin mawaƙin Burtaniya, marubucin waƙa, kuma pianist [[Elton John]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2014 |title=Photos: Sir Elton John and David Furnish marry · PinkNews |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2014/12/21/photos-sir-elton-john-and-david-furnish-marry/ |access-date=4 June 2018 |publisher=Pinknews.co.uk}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi David Furnish a [[Toronto]] a Asibitin Kwalejin Mata, ga Gladys da Jack Furnish, darektan Kamfanin Bristol-Myers, kamfanin magunguna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matt & Andrej Koymasky - Famous GLTB - David Furnish |url=http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/fam/biof3/furnis01.html |access-date=3 April 2023 |website=andrejkoymasky.com}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026}}</ref> Yana da babban ɗan'uwa, John, da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa، Peter. Ya kammala karatu daga Cibiyar Kwalejin Sir John A. Macdonald a shekara ta 1981 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Bachelor of Business Administration (HBA) daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Ivey a Jami'ar Western Ontario a London, Ontario, a 1985. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2015 |title=Pride grand marshal David Furnish reflects on growing up gay in a very different Toronto |url=https://www.thestar.com/life/health_wellness/2015/06/26/pride-grand-marshal-david-furnish-reflects-on-growing-up-gay-in-a-very-different-toronto.html |access-date=28 June 2015 |website=Toronto Star}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, kamfanin talla na Ogilvy &amp;amp; Mather Canada ne ya dauki David Furnish a Toronto. A shekara ta 27, ya nemi kamfaninsa ya tura shi zuwa [[Landan]] ofisoshin su na Burtaniya a London. Kayan gida sun bunƙasa a can, sun zama darektan mafi ƙanƙanta na sabis na asusun.<ref name=":0" /> Furnish is co-chief of Rocket Pictures with his husband [[Elton John]]. Furnish serves on the board of the Elton John AIDS Foundation as chairman,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=9 June 2023 |title=David Furnish on wiping out HIV/Aids, the 'weaponisation' of LGBTQ+ rights … and the day Putin called |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/jun/09/david-furnish-on-wiping-out-hivaids-the-weaponisation-of-lgbtq-rights-and-the-day-putin-called |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> attending fund-raising events and other events in support of the foundation.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2019}} Furnish is a contributing editor for ''Tatler,'' a magazine, and also is a regular columnist for ''Interview'' and ''GQ''.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2019}} In 2015, he was named one of ''GQ''{{'}}s 50 best dressed men in Britain. A watan Yunin 2019, don yin bikin cika shekaru 50 na Rikicin Stonewall, ''[[Queer]]" id="mwSw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Queerty">Queerty'' ya sanya masa suna tare da Elton John, a matsayin daya daga cikin Pride50 "mutanen da ke ci gaba da tabbatar da al'umma ta ci gaba da motsawa zuwa ga [[Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki|daidaito]], karɓa da mutunci ga duk mutanen da ba su da kyau".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queerty Pride50 2019 Honorees |url=https://www.queerty.com/pride50 |access-date=18 June 2019 |website=Queerty |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Furnish da Elton John sun sami lambar yabo ta Artist da Manager Partnership daga Music Managers Forum (MMF) a cikin 2021. Kyautar ta amince da aikinsu a cikin kiɗa da sadaka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elton John and David Furnish to be honoured at Artist & Manager Awards |url=https://www.musicweek.com/management/read/elton-john-and-david-furnish-to-be-honoured-at-artist-manager-awards/084272}}</ref> Furnish ya lashe kyautar Manajan Shekara a 2022 Music Week Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Elton John speaks out on the charts, Brexit & why women are making the best music in 2022 |url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/exclusive-elton-john-speaks-out-on-the-charts-brexit-why-women-are-making-the-best-music-in-2022/086197}}</ref> A cikin 2024, Furnish ya jagoranci shirin Elton John: Never Too Late tare da RJ Cutler . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Furnish ya fara dangantaka da Elton John a 1993. Elton John ya ba da shawarar ga Furnish a watan Mayu 2005 a wani biki na abincin dare tare da abokai da dangi a daya daga cikin gidajensu a Old Windsor. Sun shiga cikin haɗin gwiwar farar hula a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2005, ranar farko da aka iya yin haɗin gwiwar jama'a a Ingila, a garin Windsor, Berkshire . [1] An haifi ɗansu na farko a ranar 25 ga watan Disambaa shekara ta 2010 a California ta hanyar maye gurbin.[1] A ranar 11 ga watan Janairu a shekara ta 2013, an haifi ɗan ma'auratan na biyu ta hanyar wannan mataimakin na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title=Special Announcement |url=http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120013211/http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4 |archive-date=20 January 2013 |access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Bayan auren jinsi guda ya zama doka a Ingila da Wales a watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, sun sake canza haɗin gwiwar su na farar hula zuwa aure kuma sun gudanar da bikin a Windsor a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014. Shekarar cika shekaru tara na haɗin gwiwar farar hula. A cikin 2016, Furnish ya nemi umarnin sirri a cikin shari'ar PJS v News Group Newspapers Ltd . == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Elton John: Tantrums &amp;amp; Tiaras''; darektan (1997) * Mata Masu Magana Dirty; mai gabatarwa (1999) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Elley |first=Derek |date=11 October 1999 |title=Women Talking Dirty |url=https://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/women-talking-dirty-1200459510/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Variety |language=en}}</ref> * Desert Flower; mai samarwa (1999) * Kofi Annan: Cibiyar Guguwa; babban furodusa (2002) * Fama da Fashion: A ciki Gucci - Jima'i da Fashion; darektan, marubucin rubutun (2002) * Fama da Fashion: A ciki Versace - Fama da Fada; darektan, marubucin rubutun (2002) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inside Versace Fame and Fashion (2002) |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88a0a6b2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411170319/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88a0a6b2 |archive-date=11 April 2018 |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=BFI |language=en}}</ref> * ''Yaro ne Yaro Yaro''; mai gabatarwa (2006) * Pride da Predator; mai gabatarwa (an sanar da shi 2009) * Gnomeo & Juliet; furodusa (2011) <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2011 |title=Gnomeo and Juliet: Exclusive interview with Elton John and David |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/gnomeo-and-juliet-exclusive-interview-with-elton-john-and-david-furnish-2209082.html |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> * Billy Elliot the Musical Live; babban furodusa (2014) <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Furnish |url=http://billyelliotthemusical.com/creative/david-furnish/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Billy Elliot Tour |language=en-US}}</ref> * Virtuoso; mai gabatar da zartarwa (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wagmeister |first=Elizabeth |date=27 January 2015 |title=HBO Orders Musical Period Drama Pilot From Elton John & 'True Blood' Creator |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/hbo-virtuoso-pilot-order-alan-ball-elton-john-1201415580/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Variety |language=en}}</ref> * Sherlock Gnomes; furodusa (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |title=British Council Film: Sherlock Gnomes |url=http://film.britishcouncil.org/sherlock-gnomes |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=film.britishcouncil.org}}</ref> * ''Rocketman''; furodusa (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2019 |title=David Furnish says Elton John biopic Rocketman is giving him 'sleepless nights' |url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/david-furnish-says-elton-john-biopic-rocketman-is-giving-him-sleepless-nights-37844545.html |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Irish Independent |language=en}}</ref> * Elton John: Never Too Late, darektan (2024) * ''Spinal Tap II'', da kansa (2025) == Talabijin == * ''Nunin: Elvis Costello tare da...''; mai gabatarwa (2008) == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == * Billy Elliot the Musical; babban furodusa (Maris 2005) == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] lqfnfqo7lis3m537uemwcumncqrvydg 967825 967824 2026-10-15T11:02:22Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Rayuwa ta mutum */ 967825 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''David James Furnish''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1962) shi ne Shugaba na Kanada, manajan mai zane-zane, mai shirya fina-finai kuma tsohon mai kula da talla. Shi ne mijin mawaƙin Burtaniya, marubucin waƙa, kuma pianist [[Elton John]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2014 |title=Photos: Sir Elton John and David Furnish marry · PinkNews |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2014/12/21/photos-sir-elton-john-and-david-furnish-marry/ |access-date=4 June 2018 |publisher=Pinknews.co.uk}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi David Furnish a [[Toronto]] a Asibitin Kwalejin Mata, ga Gladys da Jack Furnish, darektan Kamfanin Bristol-Myers, kamfanin magunguna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matt & Andrej Koymasky - Famous GLTB - David Furnish |url=http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/fam/biof3/furnis01.html |access-date=3 April 2023 |website=andrejkoymasky.com}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026}}</ref> Yana da babban ɗan'uwa, John, da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa، Peter. Ya kammala karatu daga Cibiyar Kwalejin Sir John A. Macdonald a shekara ta 1981 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Bachelor of Business Administration (HBA) daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Ivey a Jami'ar Western Ontario a London, Ontario, a 1985. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2015 |title=Pride grand marshal David Furnish reflects on growing up gay in a very different Toronto |url=https://www.thestar.com/life/health_wellness/2015/06/26/pride-grand-marshal-david-furnish-reflects-on-growing-up-gay-in-a-very-different-toronto.html |access-date=28 June 2015 |website=Toronto Star}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, kamfanin talla na Ogilvy &amp;amp; Mather Canada ne ya dauki David Furnish a Toronto. A shekara ta 27, ya nemi kamfaninsa ya tura shi zuwa [[Landan]] ofisoshin su na Burtaniya a London. Kayan gida sun bunƙasa a can, sun zama darektan mafi ƙanƙanta na sabis na asusun.<ref name=":0" /> Furnish is co-chief of Rocket Pictures with his husband [[Elton John]]. Furnish serves on the board of the Elton John AIDS Foundation as chairman,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=9 June 2023 |title=David Furnish on wiping out HIV/Aids, the 'weaponisation' of LGBTQ+ rights … and the day Putin called |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/jun/09/david-furnish-on-wiping-out-hivaids-the-weaponisation-of-lgbtq-rights-and-the-day-putin-called |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> attending fund-raising events and other events in support of the foundation.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2019}} Furnish is a contributing editor for ''Tatler,'' a magazine, and also is a regular columnist for ''Interview'' and ''GQ''.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2019}} In 2015, he was named one of ''GQ''{{'}}s 50 best dressed men in Britain. A watan Yunin 2019, don yin bikin cika shekaru 50 na Rikicin Stonewall, ''[[Queer]]" id="mwSw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Queerty">Queerty'' ya sanya masa suna tare da Elton John, a matsayin daya daga cikin Pride50 "mutanen da ke ci gaba da tabbatar da al'umma ta ci gaba da motsawa zuwa ga [[Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki|daidaito]], karɓa da mutunci ga duk mutanen da ba su da kyau".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queerty Pride50 2019 Honorees |url=https://www.queerty.com/pride50 |access-date=18 June 2019 |website=Queerty |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Furnish da Elton John sun sami lambar yabo ta Artist da Manager Partnership daga Music Managers Forum (MMF) a cikin 2021. Kyautar ta amince da aikinsu a cikin kiɗa da sadaka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elton John and David Furnish to be honoured at Artist & Manager Awards |url=https://www.musicweek.com/management/read/elton-john-and-david-furnish-to-be-honoured-at-artist-manager-awards/084272}}</ref> Furnish ya lashe kyautar Manajan Shekara a 2022 Music Week Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Elton John speaks out on the charts, Brexit & why women are making the best music in 2022 |url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/exclusive-elton-john-speaks-out-on-the-charts-brexit-why-women-are-making-the-best-music-in-2022/086197}}</ref> A cikin 2024, Furnish ya jagoranci shirin Elton John: Never Too Late tare da RJ Cutler . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Furnish ya fara dangantaka da Elton John a 1993. Elton John ya ba da shawarar ga Furnish a watan Mayu 2005 a wani biki na abincin dare tare da abokai da dangi a daya daga cikin gidajensu a Old Windsor. Sun shiga cikin haɗin gwiwar farar hula a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2005, ranar farko da aka iya yin haɗin gwiwar jama'a a Ingila, a garin Windsor, Berkshire . [1] An haifi ɗansu na farko a ranar 25 ga watan Disambaa shekara ta 2010 a California ta hanyar maye gurbin.[1] A ranar 11 ga watan Janairu a shekara ta 2013, an haifi ɗan ma'auratan na biyu ta hanyar wannan mataimakin na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title=Special Announcement |url=http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120013211/http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4 |archive-date=20 January 2013 |access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Bayan auren jinsi guda ya zama doka a Ingila da Wales a watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, sun sake canza haɗin gwiwar su na farar hula zuwa aure kuma sun gudanar da bikin a Windsor a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014. Shekarar cika shekaru tara na haɗin gwiwar farar hula. A cikin shekarun 2016, Furnish ya nemi umarnin sirri a cikin shari'ar PJS v News Group Newspapers Ltd . == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Elton John: Tantrums &amp;amp; Tiaras''; darektan (1997) * Mata Masu Magana Dirty; mai gabatarwa (1999) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Elley |first=Derek |date=11 October 1999 |title=Women Talking Dirty |url=https://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/women-talking-dirty-1200459510/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Variety |language=en}}</ref> * Desert Flower; mai samarwa (1999) * Kofi Annan: Cibiyar Guguwa; babban furodusa (2002) * Fama da Fashion: A ciki Gucci - Jima'i da Fashion; darektan, marubucin rubutun (2002) * Fama da Fashion: A ciki Versace - Fama da Fada; darektan, marubucin rubutun (2002) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inside Versace Fame and Fashion (2002) |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88a0a6b2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411170319/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88a0a6b2 |archive-date=11 April 2018 |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=BFI |language=en}}</ref> * ''Yaro ne Yaro Yaro''; mai gabatarwa (2006) * Pride da Predator; mai gabatarwa (an sanar da shi 2009) * Gnomeo & Juliet; furodusa (2011) <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2011 |title=Gnomeo and Juliet: Exclusive interview with Elton John and David |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/gnomeo-and-juliet-exclusive-interview-with-elton-john-and-david-furnish-2209082.html |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> * Billy Elliot the Musical Live; babban furodusa (2014) <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Furnish |url=http://billyelliotthemusical.com/creative/david-furnish/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Billy Elliot Tour |language=en-US}}</ref> * Virtuoso; mai gabatar da zartarwa (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wagmeister |first=Elizabeth |date=27 January 2015 |title=HBO Orders Musical Period Drama Pilot From Elton John & 'True Blood' Creator |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/hbo-virtuoso-pilot-order-alan-ball-elton-john-1201415580/ |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Variety |language=en}}</ref> * Sherlock Gnomes; furodusa (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |title=British Council Film: Sherlock Gnomes |url=http://film.britishcouncil.org/sherlock-gnomes |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=film.britishcouncil.org}}</ref> * ''Rocketman''; furodusa (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2019 |title=David Furnish says Elton John biopic Rocketman is giving him 'sleepless nights' |url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/david-furnish-says-elton-john-biopic-rocketman-is-giving-him-sleepless-nights-37844545.html |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=Irish Independent |language=en}}</ref> * Elton John: Never Too Late, darektan (2024) * ''Spinal Tap II'', da kansa (2025) == Talabijin == * ''Nunin: Elvis Costello tare da...''; mai gabatarwa (2008) == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == * Billy Elliot the Musical; babban furodusa (Maris 2005) == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] tg9xfg3nia8cc7v3ib365nflrgyqddt Tattaunawar user:Buzzlightyear34 3 179280 967814 2026-10-15T10:31:07Z Salihu Aliyu 12360 /* */ Barka da zuwa 967814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{welcome}} [[User:Salihu Aliyu|S Ahmad Fulani]] 10:31, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 4eorm6bkdsid5aba5ncq4k4c7ixx5ya Tattaunawar user:Sarauta125 3 179281 967815 2026-10-15T10:31:48Z Salihu Aliyu 12360 /* */ 967815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{welcome}} [[User:Salihu Aliyu|S Ahmad Fulani]] 10:31, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 4eorm6bkdsid5aba5ncq4k4c7ixx5ya