Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4307 968035 843141 2026-10-16T00:05:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Kofar Nasarawa - Kano City Gate.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Hawan nasarawa 4.jpg|thumb|Bikin sallahhawan nasarawa]][[File:Masaka market nassarawa.jpg|thumb]][[File:Hawan nasarawa 3.jpg|thumb|Hawan_nasarawa_3]] [[File:Hawan nasarawa1.jpg|thumb|Hawan_nasarawa_1]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.population.gov.ng/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-06-22 |archive-date=2025-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517030017/http://population.gov.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>'''Nasarawa''' Ƙaramar hukuma ce a [[Jihar Kano]], [[Nijeriya]]. Tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan birane na Jihar Kano, sannan kuma Nasarawa na ɗaya daga cikin manyan gurare masu tarin ma'aikatun gwamnatin [[Jihar Kano|Jihar Kano.]] Cibiyar karamar hukumar Nasarawa na nan a garin Bompai, Kano.<ref>"Ana ce-ce-ku-ce kan batun rusa gadar Kofar Nasarawa a Kano". ''BBC News Hausa'' (in Hausa). Retrieved 2021-07-24.</ref><ref>https://www.kanostate.gov.ng/</ref><ref>https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/571/nasarawa</ref><ref>https://nigerianleaders.com/list-of-local-government-areas-in-kano-state-and-their-chairmen/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://xplorer.ng/kano/kano-state-population-by-local-government-area/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618145707/https://xplorer.ng/kano/kano-state-population-by-local-government-area/ |archive-date=2025-06-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://mapcarta.com/Nassarawa</ref><ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/800541-unicef-raises-alarm-over-polio-variant-in-kano-lgas.html</ref> Ƙaramar hukumar Nasarawa na da girman dayakai kimanin 34 km² tare da yawan jama'a mutum 678,669 dangane da kidayar shekara ta 2006. Tana da lamban wasika kamar haka 700.<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2021-07-24.</ref><ref>https://www.zipcode.ng/nasarawa-lga-postal-code-kano-state.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://showpostcodes.com.ng/kano-state-postal-code/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-06-22 |archive-date=2025-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250807044255/https://showpostcodes.com.ng/kano-state-postal-code/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://postcode.com.ng/nasarawa-lga-of-kano-state-postal-or-zip-codes/</ref> == Wurare == [[File:MURITALA MOHAMED LIBRARY KANO 02.jpg|thumb|MURITALA_MOHAMED_LIBRARY_KANO_02]] [[File:MURITALA MOHAMED LIBRARY KANO 01.jpg|thumb|MURITALA_MOHAMED_LIBRARY_KANO_01]] [[File:Kofar Nasarawa - Kano City Gate.jpg|thumb|Kofar Nasarawa -Birnin Kano Bikin sallag]] Ƙofan Nasarawa kofa ce da ke ɗauke da wurare kamar Gadar Nasarawa wacce tsohon gwamna kano kuma sanata Dr Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso ya kashe miliyoyin Nairori wajen ginata.<ref>"Ana ce-ce-ku-ce kan batun rusa gadar Kofar Nasarawa a Kano". BBC News Hausa (in Hausa). Retrieved 2021-07-24.</ref>. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Kananan Hukumomin Jihar Kano}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nasarawa}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin Jihar Kano]] 0qd77gudo8viqz5pev4dsjg2y6pt466 0 6523 967959 917501 2026-10-15T19:38:20Z Ziv 32466 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Bill Clinton and Donald Trump at the U.S. Open in 2000, Flushing Meadows–Corona Park.jpg]] → [[File:Bill Clinton and Donald Trump at the U.S. Open in Flushing, New York (P85027).jpg]] Duplicate 967959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Donald Trump August 19, 2015 (cropped).jpg|alt=Shugaban kasar Amurka Donald Trump |thumb|Tsohon Shugaban Kasar Amurka Donald Trump]] [[File:Marsha Blackburn and Donald Trump waving at Nashville Rally.png|thumb|Lokacin da Trump yayi nasarar lashe zaben shi shida matar shi ]]'''Donald Trump'''<ref>https://www.businessinsider.com/anti-donald-trump-protest-united-states-2016-11</ref><ref>https://cnn.com/2020/08/31/politics/trump-kenosha-briefing-fact-check/</ref> (An haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Yunin shekara ta alif 1946A.C)''.'' Ya kasance ba'amurke, kuma babban ɗan kasuwa, ɗan siyasa a ƙasar. A yanzu shi ne shugaban [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] bayan an zaɓe shi a shekara ta 2024, ya kama aiki 20 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2025.<ref>https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience</ref> == Hoto == <gallery> File:Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg File:Bradley Byrne and Donald Trump - 2016.jpg File:Kelly Loeffler and Donald Trump.jpg File:Donald Trump official portrait (cropped 2).jpg File:Donald Trump Signature.svg File:Bill Clinton and Donald Trump at the U.S. Open in Flushing, New York (P85027).jpg File:Donald Trump Pentagon 2017.jpg </gallery><gallery> File:Bill Clinton and Donald Trump at the U.S. Open in Flushing, New York (P85027).jpg|Bill Clinton tare da Donald Trump a shekaran 2000{{Stub}} File:Jayanthi Sirisena, Maithripala Sirisena, Donald Trump, and Melania Trump.jpg|Jayanthi Sirisena da Donald Trump File:NASA astronaut Kate Rubins visits Donald and Ivanka Trump, April 2017.jpg|Kate Rubins ta ziyarci Donald Trump File:Trump at King Khalid International Airport.jpg| Trump a filin jirgin kasan Sarki Khalid </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Shugabannin Amurka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Trump, Donald}} [[Category:'Yan siyasan Tarayyar Amurka]] [[Category:Shugabannin Amurka]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] cs13rsdimenxotvgsr764dgstkzqxt0 0 7289 968089 965110 2026-10-16T08:00:18Z Nura Bello 24854 968089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Al-Haram mosque-Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg | thumb| Masallacin Harami dake [[Makkah]] waje ne na daya mafi tsalki a wajen [[Musulmi]] Mabiyan Sunnar Annabi [[Muhammad]] (S.A.W.)]] [[File:Islam symbol.svg|thumb]] '''Sunnah Shi''' ne ɓangare mafi girma da tsari daga cikin ɓangarorin addinin [[Musulunci]]. Asalin sunan ya zo ne daga kalmar '''''Sunna'''''<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunnah</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunnah</ref><ref>https://www.islamicstudies.org/what-is-sunnah/{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2293{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>, wato koyi da yin dukkan abinda da Annabi [[Muhammad]] (S.A.W.) ya aikata, ko ya yi umarni da a aikata, ko kuma aka aikata shi a gabansa amma baiyi hani akan abun da aka aikatan ba. Bambanci tsakanin aƙidun Sunnah da kuma na [[Shi'a]] ya samo asali ne tun daga taƙaddama a kan wanda ya cancanci ya jagoranci al'umar Musulmi bayan wafatin Annabi (S.A.W.), wato wanda ya cancanci ya yi Khalifanci, a ɓangaren fahimtar mabiya Sunnah sun ce, tunda yake Annabi (S.A.W) bai yi nuni ba da wani cewa shi za'a bi to sai suka yanke hukuncin a bai wa surukinsa wato [[Sayyadina Abubakar]] ya zamo Khalifa na farko. [[Fayil:Flag of Ahlu Sunnah Waljamaca.svg|thumb|[[Fayil:Sunnah mosque IMG 0067.jpg|thumb|Masallacin sunnah]]]] Amma a ɓangaren Mabiya [[Shi'a]] kuwa sai suka ce ai a ranar [[Ghadir Khumm]] Annabi (s.a.w) ya sanar da cewa ba wanda zai gaje shi sai ɗan'uwansa kuma sirikinsa wato [[Sayyadina Aliyu|Sayyadina Ali]] sun ce saboda shi jininsa ne kuma surukinsa wato mijin ƴarsa, Sayyida [[Fatima Bint Nabiy|Fatima "Bint Nabiy"]]. Tun daga nan ne rikicin ɓangaren Sunnah dana ɓangaren Shi'a ya samo asali. A shekarar 2009 Musulmai mabiya Sunnah sun kai 87% zuwa 90%. Haka zalika Mabiya Ɓangaren Sunnah su ne ɓangare a [[Addini]] wanda suka fi ko wanne yawa a [[duniya]] bayan [[Katolika]] a addinin Kiristanci. Sanannu ne a sunan da suka yi fice da shi wato Ahlul Sunnah Wal Jama'a wato (al'umma mabiya sunnah). == Aƙidun mabiya Sunnah == Ga jerin aƙidojin Sunnah kamar Haka: * [[Izala]] * [[Darika]] * [[shi'a]] * [[Ikwan]] * [[Muslim brothers]] == Shika-shikan Musulunci a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Shika-shikan [[Musulunci]] a wajen mabiya sunnah guda biyar ne sune. ==Imani da Allah da Annabi Muhammada (S.A.W.)== Wato mutum ya furta kalmar ''SHahada'' kamar haka '''LA ILAHA ILALLAH MUHAMMAD RASULULLAH''' ma'ana mutum ya hakikance a ransa cewa '''BABU WANI ABIN BAUTAWA DA CANCANTA DA GASKIYA SAI ALLAH SANNAN ANNABI MUHAMMAD (S.A.W.) BAWAN ALLAH NE KUMA MANZON ALLAH NE'''. ==Tsai Da Sallah== Yin salloli guda biyar a kowacce rana watau a kowane yini da dare. ==Da Azumi Watan Ramadan== Sai yin azumin watan Ramadana wato wata na tara a lissafin kalandar [[Musulunci]]. ==Da Bada Zakka== Shi ne mutum ya cire wani adadi da shari'a ta faɗa na dukiyar sa wadda ta kai nisabi ya bayar da shi ga mabuƙata [[Zakka]] saboda Allah. == Aikin Hajji == Idan Musulmi ya kasance yana da dukiyar da takai zai iya biyan ta wajen zuwa [[Saudiyyah]] kuma yana da ƙarfin lafiya to [[Hajji]] ta wajaba a kansa. == Shika-shikan imani a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Shika-shikan Imani a aƙidar mabiya sunnah guda shida ne, gasu kamar haka. *Imani da [[Allah]]. *Imani da Mala'iku. *Imani da Litattafai Saukakku. *Imani da Manzannin [[Allah]]. *Imani da Ranar Kiyama(Ranar Sakamako). *Imani da Kaddara(Mai dadi ko mara dadi). == Matsayin Hadisai a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Sanannun litattafan Hadisannan guda shida wato ''Kutub al-Sittah'' sune litattan hadisan da mabiya sunnah suka yi imani da gaskiyar hadisan dake cikin su Ga jerin su: *Sahih al-Bukhari na Muhammad al-Bukhari. *Sahih Muslim na Mislim ibn al-Hajjaj. *Sunan al-Sughra na Al-Nasa'i. *Sunan Abu Dawud na Abu Dawood. *Jami' at-Tirmidhi na Al-Tirmidhi. *Sunan Ibn Majah na Ibn Majah. Amma ba iyakar wadannan kadai bane litattafan da mabiya sunnah suka amince da gaskiyar hadisan dake cikin su ba, akwai wadansu litattafan da dama wadanda suka hada da: *Musannaf na Abd al-Razzaq na ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani *Musnad na Ahmad ibn Hanbal *Mustadrak na Al Haakim *Muwatta na Imam Malik *Sahih Ibn Hibbaan *Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah of Ibn Khuzaymah *Sunan al-Darimi na Al-Darimi == Iyalan gidan Annabi (S.A.W.) a mahangar Sunnah == Su ne DUKKAN DANGIN Manzon Allah (SAW) waɗanda sadaka ta haramta garesu, da kuma MATANSA da ZURIYYARSA. Allah ya yarda da su gaba ɗaya. Sabanin Akidun''Shi'a'' ko ''Rafidanci'' Wadanda suke cewa Iyakacin '''Nana Fatima''' da '''Imamuna Aliyu''' da suran zurriyar su,sune kadai Iyalan gidan Manzon Allah (S.A.W.). Wannan gurguwar fahimta ce a mahangar Mabiya Sunnah. Ahlus Sunnah sun yi ITTIFAQI akan WAJABCIN Son Ahlul Baiti, da kuma HARAMCIN Cutar dasu,ko Munana musu,da magana ko aiki. == Sahabbai a mahangar mabiya Sunnah == [[File:Rashidun Caliph Abu Bakr as-Șiddīq (Abdullah ibn Abi Quhafa) - أبو بكر الصديق عبد الله بن عثمان التيمي القرشي أول الخلفاء الراشدين.svg|thumb|right]] Sahabbai Sune dukkan mutanen da suka ga Annabi (S.A.W.) sanna Kuma suka bayar da gaskiya da shi, a lokacin da yake da rai. Waɗannan mutane suna da matsayi mai girma tare da samun girmamawa daga wajen mabiya aƙidar sunnah. Mabiya Sunnah suna yin cikakkiyar soyayya da biyayya ga sahabbai ne sakamakon wadansu ayiyin [[Alkur'ani]] inda Allah da kansa yake yabon su,kamar haka: <blockquote> ''Kuma magabatan farko na Muhajirai da Ansarai da waɗanda suka bi su da kyautatawa, Allah ya yarda da su kuma sun yarda da shi,kuma ya yi musu tattalin gidajen aljanna, qoramu suna gudana a qarqashinsu, suna madawwama a cikinsu har abada. Wancan ne rabo mai girma.'' - Suratut Taubah: 100 </blockquote> A wannan aya mutane sun kasu kashi uku. Muhajirai da Ansarai da waɗanda suka bi su da kyautatawa ba da zagi ba. Sai kuma aya ta gaba: <blockquote> ''Muhammad manzon Allah ne. Kuma waɗanda da ke tare da shimasu tsanani ne a kan kafirai, masu rahama ne a tsakaninsu, ka na ganinsu suna masu ruku’i masu sujada, suna neman falala daga Ubangijinsu, da yardarsa. Alamarsu tana a cikin fuskokinsu, daga kufan sujuda. Wannan ita ce siffarsu a cikin Attaura. Kuma siffarsu a cikin Linjila ita ce, kamar tsiron shuka wanda ya fitar da reshensa, sa’an nan ya qarfafa shi, ya yi kauri, sa’an nan ya daidaita a kan qafafunsa, yana bayar da sha’awa ga masu shukar, domin (Allah) ya fusatar da kafirai game da su. Kuma Allah ya yi alqawali ga waxanda suka yi imani kuma suka aikata ayyukan qwarai daga cikinsu da gafara da lada mai girma'' - Suratul Fathi, Aya ta 29 </blockquote> '''Sahabbai guda goma waɗanda aka yi masu albishir da shiga [[Aljannah]] tun suna a duniya'''. Manzon Allah (S.A.W.) yana da Sahabbai 120,4000. Duk da cewa dukkan waɗannan Sahabbai 'yan Aljanna ne to amma akwai waɗanda aka yi musu bishara da Aljanna tun suna da rai. Akwai guda goma wannan Manzon [[Allah]] (S.A.W.) ya fada a hadisi cewa an yi musu bishara da gidan Aljanna, wato ASHARATUL MUBASHSHIRUN. Wannan Sahabbai sune: #Abubakar Saddik (R.T.A.) #Umar Bin Khaddab (R.T.A.) #Usman Bin Affan (R.T.A.) #Aliyu Bin Abi Dalib (R.T.A.) #Dhalha Ibn Ubaidullah (R.T.A.) #Zubair Ibnul Awwam (R.T.A.) #Abdurrahman Bin Auf (R.T.A.) #Sa'ad Bin Wakkas (R.T.A.) #Sa'id Bin Zaid Bin Amr (R.T.A.) #Abu Ubaidah Bin Jarrah (R.T.A.) Allah Madaukin Sarki ya bamu albarkacin wadandan bayi nasa. {{DEFAULTSORT:Sunnah}} [[Category:Musulunci]]. 7jqk406002dphdnw0jwpt8qv0jc5l9s 968090 968089 2026-10-16T08:13:46Z Nura Bello 24854 968090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Al-Haram mosque-Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg | thumb| Masallacin Harami dake [[Makkah]] waje ne na daya mafi tsalki a wajen [[Musulmi]] Mabiyan Sunnar Annabi [[Muhammad]] (S.A.W.)]] [[File:Islam symbol.svg|thumb]] '''Sunnah Shi''' ne ɓangare mafi girma da tsari daga cikin ɓangarorin addinin [[Musulunci]]. Asalin sunan ya zo ne daga kalmar '''''Sunna'''''<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunnah</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunnah</ref><ref>https://www.islamicstudies.org/what-is-sunnah/{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2293{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>, wato koyi da yin dukkan abinda da Annabi [[Muhammad]] (S.A.W.) ya aikata, ko ya yi umarni da a aikata, ko kuma aka aikata shi a gabansa amma baiyi hani akan abun da aka aikatan ba. Bambanci tsakanin aƙidun Sunnah da kuma na [[Shi'a]] ya samo asali ne tun daga taƙaddama a kan wanda ya cancanci ya jagoranci al'umar Musulmi bayan wafatin Annabi (S.A.W.), wato wanda ya cancanci ya yi Khalifanci, a ɓangaren fahimtar mabiya Sunnah sun ce, tunda yake Annabi (S.A.W) bai yi nuni ba da wani cewa shi za'a bi to sai suka yanke hukuncin a bai wa surukinsa wato [[Sayyadina Abubakar]] ya zamo Khalifa na farko. [[Fayil:Flag of Ahlu Sunnah Waljamaca.svg|thumb|[[Fayil:Sunnah mosque IMG 0067.jpg|thumb|Masallacin sunnah]]]] Amma a ɓangaren Mabiya [[Shi'a]] kuwa sai suka ce ai a ranar [[Ghadir Khumm]] Annabi (s.a.w) ya sanar da cewa ba wanda zai gaje shi sai ɗan'uwansa kuma sirikinsa wato [[Sayyadina Aliyu|Sayyadina Ali]] sun ce saboda shi jininsa ne kuma surukinsa wato mijin ƴarsa, Sayyida [[Fatima Bint Nabiy|Fatima "Bint Nabiy"]]. Tun daga nan ne rikicin ɓangaren Sunnah dana ɓangaren Shi'a ya samo asali. A shekarar 2009 Musulmai mabiya Sunnah sun kai 87% zuwa 90%. Haka zalika Mabiya Ɓangaren Sunnah su ne ɓangare a [[Addini]] wanda suka fi ko wanne yawa a [[duniya]] bayan [[Katolika]] a addinin Kiristanci. Sanannu ne a sunan da suka yi fice da shi wato Ahlul Sunnah Wal Jama'a wato (al'umma mabiya sunnah). == Aƙidun mabiya Sunnah == Ga jerin aƙidojin Sunnah kamar Haka: * [[Izala]] * [[Darika]] * [[shi'a]] * [[Ikwan]] * [[Muslim brothers]] == Shika-shikan Musulunci a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Shika-shikan [[Musulunci]] a wajen mabiya sunnah guda biyar ne sune. ==Imani da Allah da Annabi Muhammada (S.A.W.)== Wato mutum ya furta kalmar ''SHahada'' kamar haka '''LA ILAHA ILALLAH MUHAMMAD RASULULLAH''' ma'ana mutum ya hakikance a ransa cewa '''BABU WANI ABUN BAUTAWA DA CANCANTA DA GASKIYA SAI ALLAH SANNAN ANNABI MUHAMMAD (S.A.W.) BAWAN ALLAH NE KUMA MANZON ALLAH NE'''. ==Tsai Da Sallah== Yin salloli guda biyar a kowacce rana watau a kowane yini da dare. ==Da Azumi Watan Ramadan== Sai yin azumin watan Ramadana wato wata na tara a lissafin kalandar [[Musulunci]]. ==Da Bada Zakka== Shi ne mutum ya cire wani adadi da shari'a ta faɗa na dukiyar sa wadda ta kai nisabi ya bayar da shi ga mabuƙata [[Zakka]] saboda Allah. == Aikin Hajji == Idan Musulmi ya kasance yana da dukiyar da takai zai iya biyan ta wajen zuwa [[Saudiyyah]] kuma yana da ƙarfin lafiya to [[Hajji]] ta wajaba a kansa. == Shika-shikan imani a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Shika-shikan Imani a aƙidar mabiya sunnah guda shida ne, gasu kamar haka. *Imani da [[Allah]]. *Imani da Mala'iku. *Imani da Litattafai Saukakku. *Imani da Manzannin [[Allah]]. *Imani da Ranar Kiyama(Ranar Sakamako). *Imani da Kaddara(Mai dadi ko mara dadi). == Matsayin Hadisai a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Sanannun litattafan Hadisannan guda shida wato ''Kutub al-Sittah'' sune litattan hadisan da mabiya sunnah suka yi imani da gaskiyar hadisan dake cikin su Ga jerin su: *Sahih al-Bukhari na Muhammad al-Bukhari. *Sahih Muslim na Mislim ibn al-Hajjaj. *Sunan al-Sughra na Al-Nasa'i. *Sunan Abu Dawud na Abu Dawood. *Jami' at-Tirmidhi na Al-Tirmidhi. *Sunan Ibn Majah na Ibn Majah. Amma ba iyakar wadannan kadai bane litattafan da mabiya sunnah suka amince da gaskiyar hadisan dake cikin su ba, akwai wadansu litattafan da dama wadanda suka hada da: *Musannaf na Abd al-Razzaq na ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani *Musnad na Ahmad ibn Hanbal *Mustadrak na Al Haakim *Muwatta na Imam Malik *Sahih Ibn Hibbaan *Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah of Ibn Khuzaymah *Sunan al-Darimi na Al-Darimi == Iyalan gidan Annabi (S.A.W.) a mahangar Sunnah == Su ne DUKKAN DANGIN Manzon Allah (SAW) waɗanda sadaka ta haramta garesu, da kuma MATANSA da ZURIYYARSA. Allah ya yarda da su gaba ɗaya. Sabanin Akidun''Shi'a'' ko ''Rafidanci'' Wadanda suke cewa Iyakacin '''Nana Fatima''' da '''Imamuna Aliyu''' da suran zurriyar su,sune kadai Iyalan gidan Manzon Allah (S.A.W.). Wannan gurguwar fahimta ce a mahangar Mabiya Sunnah. Ahlus Sunnah sun yi ITTIFAQI akan WAJABCIN Son Ahlul Baiti, da kuma HARAMCIN Cutar dasu,ko Munana musu,da magana ko aiki. == Sahabbai a mahangar mabiya Sunnah == [[File:Rashidun Caliph Abu Bakr as-Șiddīq (Abdullah ibn Abi Quhafa) - أبو بكر الصديق عبد الله بن عثمان التيمي القرشي أول الخلفاء الراشدين.svg|thumb|right]] Sahabbai Sune dukkan mutanen da suka ga Annabi (S.A.W.) sanna Kuma suka bayar da gaskiya da shi, a lokacin da yake da rai. Waɗannan mutane suna da matsayi mai girma tare da samun girmamawa daga wajen mabiya aƙidar sunnah. Mabiya Sunnah suna yin cikakkiyar soyayya da biyayya ga sahabbai ne sakamakon wadansu ayiyin [[Alkur'ani]] inda Allah da kansa yake yabon su,kamar haka: <blockquote> ''Kuma magabatan farko na Muhajirai da Ansarai da waɗanda suka bi su da kyautatawa, Allah ya yarda da su kuma sun yarda da shi,kuma ya yi musu tattalin gidajen aljanna, qoramu suna gudana a qarqashinsu, suna madawwama a cikinsu har abada. Wancan ne rabo mai girma.'' - Suratut Taubah: 100 </blockquote> A wannan aya mutane sun kasu kashi uku. Muhajirai da Ansarai da waɗanda suka bi su da kyautatawa ba da zagi ba. Sai kuma aya ta gaba: <blockquote> ''Muhammad manzon Allah ne. Kuma waɗanda da ke tare da shimasu tsanani ne a kan kafirai, masu rahama ne a tsakaninsu, ka na ganinsu suna masu ruku’i masu sujada, suna neman falala daga Ubangijinsu, da yardarsa. Alamarsu tana a cikin fuskokinsu, daga kufan sujuda. Wannan ita ce siffarsu a cikin Attaura. Kuma siffarsu a cikin Linjila ita ce, kamar tsiron shuka wanda ya fitar da reshensa, sa’an nan ya qarfafa shi, ya yi kauri, sa’an nan ya daidaita a kan qafafunsa, yana bayar da sha’awa ga masu shukar, domin (Allah) ya fusatar da kafirai game da su. Kuma Allah ya yi alqawali ga waxanda suka yi imani kuma suka aikata ayyukan qwarai daga cikinsu da gafara da lada mai girma'' - Suratul Fathi, Aya ta 29 </blockquote> '''Sahabbai guda goma waɗanda aka yi masu albishir da shiga [[Aljannah]] tun suna a duniya'''. Manzon Allah (S.A.W.) yana da Sahabbai 120,4000. Duk da cewa dukkan waɗannan Sahabbai 'yan Aljanna ne to amma akwai waɗanda aka yi musu bishara da Aljanna tun suna da rai. Akwai guda goma wannan Manzon [[Allah]] (S.A.W.) ya fada a hadisi cewa an yi musu bishara da gidan Aljanna, wato ASHARATUL MUBASHSHIRUN. Wannan Sahabbai sune: #Abubakar Saddik (R.T.A.) #Umar Bin Khaddab (R.T.A.) #Usman Bin Affan (R.T.A.) #Aliyu Bin Abi Dalib (R.T.A.) #Dhalha Ibn Ubaidullah (R.T.A.) #Zubair Ibnul Awwam (R.T.A.) #Abdurrahman Bin Auf (R.T.A.) #Sa'ad Bin Wakkas (R.T.A.) #Sa'id Bin Zaid Bin Amr (R.T.A.) #Abu Ubaidah Bin Jarrah (R.T.A.) Allah Madaukin Sarki ya bamu albarkacin wadandan bayi nasa. {{DEFAULTSORT:Sunnah}} [[Category:Musulunci]]. geod8vzbraeezx9jvmupw92rvfm4cpm 968091 968090 2026-10-16T08:16:45Z Nura Bello 24854 968091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Al-Haram mosque-Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg | thumb| Masallacin Harami dake [[Makkah]] waje ne na daya mafi tsalki a wajen [[Musulmi]] Mabiyan Sunnar Annabi [[Muhammad]] (S.A.W.)]] [[File:Islam symbol.svg|thumb]] '''Sunnah Shi''' ne ɓangare mafi girma da tsari daga cikin ɓangarorin addinin [[Musulunci]]. Asalin sunan ya zo ne daga kalmar '''''Sunna'''''<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunnah</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunnah</ref><ref>https://www.islamicstudies.org/what-is-sunnah/{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2293{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>, wato koyi da yin dukkan abinda da Annabi [[Muhammad]] (S.A.W.) ya aikata, ko ya yi umarni da a aikata, ko kuma aka aikata shi a gabansa amma baiyi hani akan abun da aka aikatan ba. Bambanci tsakanin aƙidun Sunnah da kuma na [[Shi'a]] ya samo asali ne tun daga taƙaddama a kan wanda ya cancanci ya jagoranci al'umar Musulmi bayan wafatin Annabi (S.A.W.), wato wanda ya cancanci ya yi Khalifanci, a ɓangaren fahimtar mabiya Sunnah sun ce, tunda yake Annabi (S.A.W) bai yi nuni ba da wani cewa shi za'a bi to sai suka yanke hukuncin a bai wa surukinsa wato [[Sayyadina Abubakar]] ya zamo Khalifa na farko. [[Fayil:Flag of Ahlu Sunnah Waljamaca.svg|thumb|[[Fayil:Sunnah mosque IMG 0067.jpg|thumb|Masallacin sunnah]]]] Amma a ɓangaren Mabiya [[Shi'a]] kuwa sai suka ce ai a ranar [[Ghadir Khumm]] Annabi (s.a.w) ya sanar da cewa ba wanda zai gaje shi sai ɗan'uwansa kuma sirikinsa wato [[Sayyadina Aliyu|Sayyadina Ali]] sun ce saboda shi jininsa ne kuma surukinsa wato mijin ƴarsa, Sayyida [[Fatima Bint Nabiy|Fatima "Bint Nabiy"]]. Tun daga nan ne rikicin ɓangaren Sunnah dana ɓangaren Shi'a ya samo asali. A shekarar 2009 Musulmai mabiya Sunnah sun kai 87% zuwa 90%. Haka zalika Mabiya Ɓangaren Sunnah su ne ɓangare a [[Addini]] wanda suka fi ko wanne yawa a [[duniya]] bayan [[Katolika]] a addinin Kiristanci. Sanannu ne a sunan da suka yi fice da shi wato Ahlul Sunnah Wal Jama'a wato (al'umma mabiya sunnah). == Aƙidun mabiya Sunnah == Ga jerin aƙidojin Sunnah kamar Haka: * [[Izala]] * [[Darika]] * [[shi'a]] * [[Ikwan]] * [[Muslim brothers]] == Shika-shikan Musulunci a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Shika-shikan [[Musulunci]] a wajen mabiya sunnah guda biyar ne sune. ==Imani da Allah da Annabi Muhammada (S.A.W.)== Wato mutum ya furta kalmar ''SHahada'' kamar haka '''LA ILAHA ILALLAH MUHAMMAD RASULULLAH''' ma'ana mutum ya hakikance a ransa cewa '''BABU WANI ABUN BAUTAWA DA CANCANTA DA GASKIYA SAI ALLAH SANNAN ANNABI MUHAMMAD (S.A.W.) BAWAN ALLAH NE KUMA MANZON ALLAH NE'''. ==Tsai Da Sallah== Yin salloli guda biyar a kowacce rana watau a kowane yini da dare. ==Da Azumi Watan Ramadan== Sai yin azumin watan Ramadana wato wata na tara a lissafin kalandar [[Musulunci]]. ==Da Bada Zakka== Shi ne mutum ya cire wani adadi da shari'a ta faɗa na dukiyar sa wadda ta kai nisabi ya bayar da shi ga mabuƙata [[Zakka]] saboda Allah. == Aikin Hajji == Idan Musulmi ya kasance yana da dukiyar da takai zai iya biyan ta wajen zuwa [[Saudiyyah]] kuma yana da ƙarfin lafiya to [[Hajji]] ta wajaba a kansa. == Shika-shikan imani a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Shika-shikan Imani a aƙidar mabiya sunnah guda shida ne, gasu kamar haka. *Imani da [[Allah]]. *Imani da Mala'iku. *Imani da Litattafai Saukakku. *Imani da Manzannin [[Allah]]. *Imani da Ranar Kiyama(Ranar Sakamako). *Imani da Kaddara(Mai dadi ko mara dadi). == Matsayin Hadisai a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Sanannun litattafan Hadisannan guda shida wato ''Kutub al-Sittah'' sune litattan hadisan da mabiya sunnah suka yi imani da gaskiyar hadisan dake cikin su Ga jerin su: *Sahih al-Bukhari na Muhammad al-Bukhari. *Sahih Muslim na Mislim ibn al-Hajjaj. *Sunan al-Sughra na Al-Nasa'i. *Sunan Abu Dawud na Abu Dawood. *Jami' at-Tirmidhi na Al-Tirmidhi. *Sunan Ibn Majah na Ibn Majah. Amma ba iyakar wadannan kadai bane litattafan da mabiya sunnah suka amince da gaskiyar hadisan dake cikin su ba, akwai wadansu litattafan da dama wadanda suka hada da: *Musannaf na Abd al-Razzaq na ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani *Musnad na Ahmad ibn Hanbal *Mustadrak na Al Haakim *Muwatta na Imam Malik *Sahih Ibn Hibbaan *Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah of Ibn Khuzaymah *Sunan al-Darimi na Al-Darimi == Iyalan gidan Annabi (S.A.W.) a mahangar Sunnah == Su ne DUKKAN DANGIN Manzon Allah (SAW) waɗanda sadaka ta haramta garesu, da kuma MATANSA da ZURIYYARSA. Allah ya yarda da su gaba ɗaya. Sabanin Akidun''Shi'a'' ko ''Rafidanci'' Wadanda suke cewa Iyakacin '''Nana Fatima''' da '''Imamuna Aliyu''' da suran zurriyar su,sune kadai Iyalan gidan Manzon Allah (S.A.W.). Wannan gurguwar fahimta ce a mahangar Mabiya Sunnah. Ahlus Sunnah sun yi ITTIFAQI akan WAJABCIN Son Ahlul Baiti, da kuma HARAMCIN Cutar dasu,ko Munana musu,da magana ko aiki. == Sahabbai a mahangar mabiya Sunnah == [[File:Rashidun Caliph Abu Bakr as-Șiddīq (Abdullah ibn Abi Quhafa) - أبو بكر الصديق عبد الله بن عثمان التيمي القرشي أول الخلفاء الراشدين.svg|thumb|right]] Sahabbai Sune dukkan mutanen da suka ga Annabi (S.A.W.) sanna Kuma suka bayar da gaskiya da shi, a lokacin da yake da rai. Waɗannan mutane suna da matsayi mai girma tare da samun girmamawa daga wajen mabiya aƙidar sunnah. Mabiya Sunnah suna yin cikakkiyar soyayya da biyayya ga sahabbai ne sakamakon wadansu a yiyin [[Alkur'ani]] inda Allah da kansa yake yabon su,kamar haka: <blockquote> ''Kuma magabatan farko na Muhajirai da Ansarai da waɗanda suka bi su da kyautatawa, Allah ya yarda da su kuma sun yarda da shi,kuma ya yi musu tattalin gidajen aljanna, qoramu suna gudana a qarqashinsu, suna madawwama a cikinsu har abada. Wancan ne rabo mai girma.'' - Suratut Taubah: 100 </blockquote> A wannan aya mutane sun kasu kashi uku. Muhajirai da Ansarai da waɗanda suka bi su da kyautatawa ba da zagi ba. Sai kuma aya ta gaba: <blockquote> ''Muhammad manzon Allah ne. Kuma waɗanda da ke tare da shimasu tsanani ne a kan kafirai, masu rahama ne a tsakaninsu, ka na ganinsu suna masu ruku’i masu sujada, suna neman falala daga Ubangijinsu, da yardarsa. Alamarsu tana a cikin fuskokinsu, daga kufan sujuda. Wannan ita ce siffarsu a cikin Attaura. Kuma siffarsu a cikin Linjila ita ce, kamar tsiron shuka wanda ya fitar da reshensa, sa’an nan ya qarfafa shi, ya yi kauri, sa’an nan ya daidaita a kan qafafunsa, yana bayar da sha’awa ga masu shukar, domin (Allah) ya fusatar da kafirai game da su. Kuma Allah ya yi alqawali ga waxanda suka yi imani kuma suka aikata ayyukan qwarai daga cikinsu da gafara da lada mai girma'' - Suratul Fathi, Aya ta 29 </blockquote> '''Sahabbai guda goma waɗanda aka yi masu albishir da shiga [[Aljannah]] tun suna a duniya'''. Manzon Allah (S.A.W.) yana da Sahabbai 120,4000. Duk da cewa dukkan waɗannan Sahabbai 'yan Aljanna ne to amma akwai waɗanda aka yi musu bishara da Aljanna tun suna da rai. Akwai guda goma wannan Manzon [[Allah]] (S.A.W.) ya fada a hadisi cewa an yi musu bishara da gidan Aljanna, wato ASHARATUL MUBASHSHIRUN. Wannan Sahabbai sune: #Abubakar Saddik (R.T.A.) #Umar Bin Khaddab (R.T.A.) #Usman Bin Affan (R.T.A.) #Aliyu Bin Abi Dalib (R.T.A.) #Dhalha Ibn Ubaidullah (R.T.A.) #Zubair Ibnul Awwam (R.T.A.) #Abdurrahman Bin Auf (R.T.A.) #Sa'ad Bin Wakkas (R.T.A.) #Sa'id Bin Zaid Bin Amr (R.T.A.) #Abu Ubaidah Bin Jarrah (R.T.A.) Allah Madaukin Sarki ya bamu albarkacin wadandan bayi nasa. {{DEFAULTSORT:Sunnah}} [[Category:Musulunci]]. fnnxp6pmphte7g9b8y6p9yicgk8hchr 968092 968091 2026-10-16T08:17:39Z Nura Bello 24854 968092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Al-Haram mosque-Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg | thumb| Masallacin Harami dake [[Makkah]] waje ne na daya mafi tsalki a wajen [[Musulmi]] Mabiyan Sunnar Annabi [[Muhammad]] (S.A.W.)]] [[File:Islam symbol.svg|thumb]] '''Sunnah Shi''' ne ɓangare mafi girma da tsari daga cikin ɓangarorin addinin [[Musulunci]]. Asalin sunan ya zo ne daga kalmar '''''Sunna'''''<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunnah</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunnah</ref><ref>https://www.islamicstudies.org/what-is-sunnah/{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2293{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>, wato koyi da yin dukkan abinda da Annabi [[Muhammad]] (S.A.W.) ya aikata, ko ya yi umarni da a aikata, ko kuma aka aikata shi a gabansa amma baiyi hani akan abun da aka aikatan ba. Bambanci tsakanin aƙidun Sunnah da kuma na [[Shi'a]] ya samo asali ne tun daga taƙaddama a kan wanda ya cancanci ya jagoranci al'umar Musulmi bayan wafatin Annabi (S.A.W.), wato wanda ya cancanci ya yi Khalifanci, a ɓangaren fahimtar mabiya Sunnah sun ce, tunda yake Annabi (S.A.W) bai yi nuni ba da wani cewa shi za'a bi to sai suka yanke hukuncin a bai wa surukinsa wato [[Sayyadina Abubakar]] ya zamo Khalifa na farko. [[Fayil:Flag of Ahlu Sunnah Waljamaca.svg|thumb|[[Fayil:Sunnah mosque IMG 0067.jpg|thumb|Masallacin sunnah]]]] Amma a ɓangaren Mabiya [[Shi'a]] kuwa sai suka ce ai a ranar [[Ghadir Khumm]] Annabi (s.a.w) ya sanar da cewa ba wanda zai gaje shi sai ɗan'uwansa kuma sirikinsa wato [[Sayyadina Aliyu|Sayyadina Ali]] sun ce saboda shi jininsa ne kuma surukinsa wato mijin ƴarsa, Sayyida [[Fatima Bint Nabiy|Fatima "Bint Nabiy"]]. Tun daga nan ne rikicin ɓangaren Sunnah dana ɓangaren Shi'a ya samo asali. A shekarar 2009 Musulmai mabiya Sunnah sun kai 87% zuwa 90%. Haka zalika Mabiya Ɓangaren Sunnah su ne ɓangare a [[Addini]] wanda suka fi ko wanne yawa a [[duniya]] bayan [[Katolika]] a addinin Kiristanci. Sanannu ne a sunan da suka yi fice da shi wato Ahlul Sunnah Wal Jama'a wato (al'umma mabiya sunnah). == Aƙidun mabiya Sunnah == Ga jerin aƙidojin Sunnah kamar Haka: * [[Izala]] * [[Darika]] * [[shi'a]] * [[Ikwan]] * [[Muslim brothers]] == Shika-shikan Musulunci a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Shika-shikan [[Musulunci]] a wajen mabiya sunnah guda biyar ne sune. ==Imani da Allah da Annabi Muhammada (S.A.W.)== Wato mutum ya furta kalmar ''SHahada'' kamar haka '''LA ILAHA ILALLAH MUHAMMAD RASULULLAH''' ma'ana mutum ya hakikance a ransa cewa '''BABU WANI ABUN BAUTAWA DA CANCANTA DA GASKIYA SAI ALLAH SANNAN ANNABI MUHAMMAD (S.A.W.) BAWAN ALLAH NE KUMA MANZON ALLAH NE'''. ==Tsai Da Sallah== Yin salloli guda biyar a kowacce rana watau a kowane yini da dare. ==Da Azumi Watan Ramadan== Sai yin azumin watan Ramadana wato wata na tara a lissafin kalandar [[Musulunci]]. ==Da Bada Zakka== Shi ne mutum ya cire wani adadi da shari'a ta faɗa na dukiyar sa wadda ta kai nisabi ya bayar da shi ga mabuƙata [[Zakka]] saboda Allah. == Aikin Hajji == Idan Musulmi ya kasance yana da dukiyar da takai zai iya biyan ta wajen zuwa [[Saudiyyah]] kuma yana da ƙarfin lafiya to [[Hajji]] ta wajaba a kansa. == Shika-shikan imani a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Shika-shikan Imani a aƙidar mabiya sunnah guda shida ne, gasu kamar haka. *Imani da [[Allah]]. *Imani da Mala'iku. *Imani da Litattafai Saukakku. *Imani da Manzannin [[Allah]]. *Imani da Ranar Kiyama(Ranar Sakamako). *Imani da Kaddara(Mai dadi ko mara dadi). == Matsayin Hadisai a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Sanannun litattafan Hadisannan guda shida wato ''Kutub al-Sittah'' sune litattan hadisan da mabiya sunnah suka yi imani da gaskiyar hadisan dake cikin su Ga jerin su: *Sahih al-Bukhari na Muhammad al-Bukhari. *Sahih Muslim na Mislim ibn al-Hajjaj. *Sunan al-Sughra na Al-Nasa'i. *Sunan Abu Dawud na Abu Dawood. *Jami' at-Tirmidhi na Al-Tirmidhi. *Sunan Ibn Majah na Ibn Majah. Amma ba iyakar wadannan kadai bane litattafan da mabiya sunnah suka amince da gaskiyar hadisan dake cikin su ba, akwai wadansu litattafan da dama wadanda suka hada da: *Musannaf na Abd al-Razzaq na ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani *Musnad na Ahmad ibn Hanbal *Mustadrak na Al Haakim *Muwatta na Imam Malik *Sahih Ibn Hibbaan *Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah of Ibn Khuzaymah *Sunan al-Darimi na Al-Darimi == Iyalan gidan Annabi (S.A.W.) a mahangar Sunnah == Su ne DUKKAN DANGIN Manzon Allah (SAW) waɗanda sadaka ta haramta garesu, da kuma MATANSA da ZURIYYARSA. Allah ya yarda da su gaba ɗaya. Sabanin Akidun''Shi'a'' ko ''Rafidanci'' Wadanda suke cewa Iyakacin '''Nana Fatima''' da '''Imamuna Aliyu''' da suran zurriyar su,sune kadai Iyalan gidan Manzon Allah (S.A.W.). Wannan gurguwar fahimta ce a mahangar Mabiya Sunnah. Ahlus Sunnah sun yi ITTIFAQI akan WAJABCIN Son Ahlul Baiti, da kuma HARAMCIN Cutar dasu,ko Munana musu,da magana ko aiki. == Sahabbai a mahangar mabiya Sunnah == [[File:Rashidun Caliph Abu Bakr as-Șiddīq (Abdullah ibn Abi Quhafa) - أبو بكر الصديق عبد الله بن عثمان التيمي القرشي أول الخلفاء الراشدين.svg|thumb|right]] Sahabbai Sune dukkan mutanen da suka ga Annabi (S.A.W.) sanna Kuma suka bayar da gaskiya da shi, a lokacin da yake da rai. Waɗannan mutane suna da matsayi mai girma tare da samun girmamawa daga wajen mabiya aƙidar sunnah. Mabiya Sunnah suna yin cikakkiyar soyayya da biyayya ga sahabbai ne sakamakon wadansu a yoyin [[Alkur'ani]] inda Allah da kansa yake yabon su,kamar haka: <blockquote> ''Kuma magabatan farko na Muhajirai da Ansarai da waɗanda suka bi su da kyautatawa, Allah ya yarda da su kuma sun yarda da shi,kuma ya yi musu tattalin gidajen aljanna, qoramu suna gudana a qarqashinsu, suna madawwama a cikinsu har abada. Wancan ne rabo mai girma.'' - Suratut Taubah: 100 </blockquote> A wannan aya mutane sun kasu kashi uku. Muhajirai da Ansarai da waɗanda suka bi su da kyautatawa ba da zagi ba. Sai kuma aya ta gaba: <blockquote> ''Muhammad manzon Allah ne. Kuma waɗanda da ke tare da shimasu tsanani ne a kan kafirai, masu rahama ne a tsakaninsu, ka na ganinsu suna masu ruku’i masu sujada, suna neman falala daga Ubangijinsu, da yardarsa. Alamarsu tana a cikin fuskokinsu, daga kufan sujuda. Wannan ita ce siffarsu a cikin Attaura. Kuma siffarsu a cikin Linjila ita ce, kamar tsiron shuka wanda ya fitar da reshensa, sa’an nan ya qarfafa shi, ya yi kauri, sa’an nan ya daidaita a kan qafafunsa, yana bayar da sha’awa ga masu shukar, domin (Allah) ya fusatar da kafirai game da su. Kuma Allah ya yi alqawali ga waxanda suka yi imani kuma suka aikata ayyukan qwarai daga cikinsu da gafara da lada mai girma'' - Suratul Fathi, Aya ta 29 </blockquote> '''Sahabbai guda goma waɗanda aka yi masu albishir da shiga [[Aljannah]] tun suna a duniya'''. Manzon Allah (S.A.W.) yana da Sahabbai 120,4000. Duk da cewa dukkan waɗannan Sahabbai 'yan Aljanna ne to amma akwai waɗanda aka yi musu bishara da Aljanna tun suna da rai. Akwai guda goma wannan Manzon [[Allah]] (S.A.W.) ya fada a hadisi cewa an yi musu bishara da gidan Aljanna, wato ASHARATUL MUBASHSHIRUN. Wannan Sahabbai sune: #Abubakar Saddik (R.T.A.) #Umar Bin Khaddab (R.T.A.) #Usman Bin Affan (R.T.A.) #Aliyu Bin Abi Dalib (R.T.A.) #Dhalha Ibn Ubaidullah (R.T.A.) #Zubair Ibnul Awwam (R.T.A.) #Abdurrahman Bin Auf (R.T.A.) #Sa'ad Bin Wakkas (R.T.A.) #Sa'id Bin Zaid Bin Amr (R.T.A.) #Abu Ubaidah Bin Jarrah (R.T.A.) Allah Madaukin Sarki ya bamu albarkacin wadandan bayi nasa. {{DEFAULTSORT:Sunnah}} [[Category:Musulunci]]. 0sfbtulnni9hblevez5n9yr11y54lyr 968094 968092 2026-10-16T08:20:49Z Nura Bello 24854 968094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Al-Haram mosque-Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg | thumb| Masallacin Harami dake [[Makkah]] waje ne na daya mafi tsalki a wajen [[Musulmi]] Mabiyan Sunnar Annabi [[Muhammad]] (S.A.W.)]] [[File:Islam symbol.svg|thumb]] '''Sunnah Shi''' ne ɓangare mafi girma da tsari daga cikin ɓangarorin addinin [[Musulunci]]. Asalin sunan ya zo ne daga kalmar '''''Sunna'''''<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunnah</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunnah</ref><ref>https://www.islamicstudies.org/what-is-sunnah/{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2293{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>, wato koyi da yin dukkan abinda da Annabi [[Muhammad]] (S.A.W.) ya aikata, ko ya yi umarni da a aikata, ko kuma aka aikata shi a gabansa amma baiyi hani akan abun da aka aikatan ba. Bambanci tsakanin aƙidun Sunnah da kuma na [[Shi'a]] ya samo asali ne tun daga taƙaddama a kan wanda ya cancanci ya jagoranci al'umar Musulmi bayan wafatin Annabi (S.A.W.), wato wanda ya cancanci ya yi Khalifanci, a ɓangaren fahimtar mabiya Sunnah sun ce, tunda yake Annabi (S.A.W) bai yi nuni ba da wani cewa shi za'a bi to sai suka yanke hukuncin a bai wa surukinsa wato [[Sayyadina Abubakar]] ya zamo Khalifa na farko. [[Fayil:Flag of Ahlu Sunnah Waljamaca.svg|thumb|[[Fayil:Sunnah mosque IMG 0067.jpg|thumb|Masallacin sunnah]]]] Amma a ɓangaren Mabiya [[Shi'a]] kuwa sai suka ce ai a ranar [[Ghadir Khumm]] Annabi (s.a.w) ya sanar da cewa ba wanda zai gaje shi sai ɗan'uwansa kuma sirikinsa wato [[Sayyadina Aliyu|Sayyadina Ali]] sun ce saboda shi jininsa ne kuma surukinsa wato mijin ƴarsa, Sayyida [[Fatima Bint Nabiy|Fatima "Bint Nabiy"]]. Tun daga nan ne rikicin ɓangaren Sunnah dana ɓangaren Shi'a ya samo asali. A shekarar 2009 Musulmai mabiya Sunnah sun kai 87% zuwa 90%. Haka zalika Mabiya Ɓangaren Sunnah su ne ɓangare a [[Addini]] wanda suka fi ko wanne yawa a [[duniya]] bayan [[Katolika]] a addinin Kiristanci. Sanannu ne a sunan da suka yi fice da shi wato Ahlul Sunnah Wal Jama'a wato (al'umma mabiya sunnah). == Aƙidun mabiya Sunnah == Ga jerin aƙidojin Sunnah kamar Haka: * [[Izala]] * [[Darika]] * [[shi'a]] * [[Ikwan]] * [[Muslim brothers]] == Shika-shikan Musulunci a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Shika-shikan [[Musulunci]] a wajen mabiya sunnah guda biyar ne sune. ==Imani da Allah da Annabi Muhammada (S.A.W.)== Wato mutum ya furta kalmar ''SHahada'' kamar haka '''LA ILAHA ILALLAH MUHAMMAD RASULULLAH''' ma'ana mutum ya hakikance a ransa cewa '''BABU WANI ABUN BAUTAWA DA CANCANTA DA GASKIYA SAI ALLAH SANNAN ANNABI MUHAMMAD (S.A.W.) BAWAN ALLAH NE KUMA MANZON ALLAH NE'''. ==Tsai Da Sallah== Yin salloli guda biyar a kowacce rana watau a kowane yini da dare. ==Da Azumi Watan Ramadan== Sai yin azumin watan Ramadana wato wata na tara a lissafin kalandar [[Musulunci]]. ==Da Bada Zakka== Shi ne mutum ya cire wani adadi da shari'a ta faɗa na dukiyar sa wadda ta kai nisabi ya bayar da shi ga mabuƙata [[Zakka]] saboda Allah. == Aikin Hajji == Idan Musulmi ya kasance yana da dukiyar da takai zai iya biyan ta wajen zuwa [[Saudiyyah]] kuma yana da ƙarfin lafiya to [[Hajji]] ta wajaba a kansa. == Shika-shikan imani a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Shika-shikan Imani a aƙidar mabiya sunnah guda shida ne, gasu kamar haka. *Imani da [[Allah]]. *Imani da Mala'iku. *Imani da Litattafai Saukakku. *Imani da Manzannin [[Allah]]. *Imani da Ranar Kiyama(Ranar Sakamako). *Imani da Kaddara(Mai dadi ko mara dadi). == Matsayin Hadisai a wajen mabiya Sunnah == Sanannun litattafan Hadisannan guda shida wato ''Kutub al-Sittah'' sune litattan hadisan da mabiya sunnah suka yi imani da gaskiyar hadisan dake cikin su Ga jerin su: *Sahih al-Bukhari na Muhammad al-Bukhari. *Sahih Muslim na Mislim ibn al-Hajjaj. *Sunan al-Sughra na Al-Nasa'i. *Sunan Abu Dawud na Abu Dawood. *Jami' at-Tirmidhi na Al-Tirmidhi. *Sunan Ibn Majah na Ibn Majah. Amma ba iyakar wadannan kadai bane litattafan da mabiya sunnah suka amince da gaskiyar hadisan dake cikin su ba, akwai wadansu litattafan da dama wadanda suka hada da: *Musannaf na Abd al-Razzaq na ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani *Musnad na Ahmad ibn Hanbal *Mustadrak na Al Haakim *Muwatta na Imam Malik *Sahih Ibn Hibbaan *Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah of Ibn Khuzaymah *Sunan al-Darimi na Al-Darimi == Iyalan gidan Annabi (S.A.W.) a mahangar Sunnah == Su ne DUKKAN DANGIN Manzon Allah (SAW) waɗanda sadaka ta haramta garesu, da kuma MATANSA da ZURIYYARSA. Allah ya yarda da su gaba ɗaya. Sabanin Akidun''Shi'a'' ko ''Rafidanci'' Wadanda suke cewa Iyakacin '''Nana Fatima''' da '''Imamuna Aliyu''' da suran zurriyar su,sune kadai Iyalan gidan Manzon Allah (S.A.W.). Wannan gurguwar fahimta ce a mahangar Mabiya Sunnah. Ahlus Sunnah sun yi ITTIFAQI akan cewa WAJABCIN Son Ahlul Baiti, da kuma HARAMCIN Cutar dasu,ko Munana musu,da magana ko aiki. == Sahabbai a mahangar mabiya Sunnah == [[File:Rashidun Caliph Abu Bakr as-Șiddīq (Abdullah ibn Abi Quhafa) - أبو بكر الصديق عبد الله بن عثمان التيمي القرشي أول الخلفاء الراشدين.svg|thumb|right]] Sahabbai Sune dukkan mutanen da suka ga Annabi (S.A.W.) sanna Kuma suka bayar da gaskiya da shi, a lokacin da yake da rai. Waɗannan mutane suna da matsayi mai girma tare da samun girmamawa daga wajen mabiya aƙidar sunnah. Mabiya Sunnah suna yin cikakkiyar soyayya da biyayya ga sahabbai ne sakamakon wadansu a yoyin [[Alkur'ani]] inda Allah da kansa yake yabon su,kamar haka: <blockquote> ''Kuma magabatan farko na Muhajirai da Ansarai da waɗanda suka bi su da kyautatawa, Allah ya yarda da su kuma sun yarda da shi,kuma ya yi musu tattalin gidajen aljanna, qoramu suna gudana a qarqashinsu, suna madawwama a cikinsu har abada. Wancan ne rabo mai girma.'' - Suratut Taubah: 100 </blockquote> A wannan aya mutane sun kasu kashi uku. Muhajirai da Ansarai da waɗanda suka bi su da kyautatawa ba da zagi ba. Sai kuma aya ta gaba: <blockquote> ''Muhammad manzon Allah ne. Kuma waɗanda da ke tare da shimasu tsanani ne a kan kafirai, masu rahama ne a tsakaninsu, ka na ganinsu suna masu ruku’i masu sujada, suna neman falala daga Ubangijinsu, da yardarsa. Alamarsu tana a cikin fuskokinsu, daga kufan sujuda. Wannan ita ce siffarsu a cikin Attaura. Kuma siffarsu a cikin Linjila ita ce, kamar tsiron shuka wanda ya fitar da reshensa, sa’an nan ya qarfafa shi, ya yi kauri, sa’an nan ya daidaita a kan qafafunsa, yana bayar da sha’awa ga masu shukar, domin (Allah) ya fusatar da kafirai game da su. Kuma Allah ya yi alqawali ga waxanda suka yi imani kuma suka aikata ayyukan qwarai daga cikinsu da gafara da lada mai girma'' - Suratul Fathi, Aya ta 29 </blockquote> '''Sahabbai guda goma waɗanda aka yi masu albishir da shiga [[Aljannah]] tun suna a duniya'''. Manzon Allah (S.A.W.) yana da Sahabbai 120,4000. Duk da cewa dukkan waɗannan Sahabbai 'yan Aljanna ne to amma akwai waɗanda aka yi musu bishara da Aljanna tun suna da rai. Akwai guda goma wannan Manzon [[Allah]] (S.A.W.) ya fada a hadisi cewa an yi musu bishara da gidan Aljanna, wato ASHARATUL MUBASHSHIRUN. Wannan Sahabbai sune: #Abubakar Saddik (R.T.A.) #Umar Bin Khaddab (R.T.A.) #Usman Bin Affan (R.T.A.) #Aliyu Bin Abi Dalib (R.T.A.) #Dhalha Ibn Ubaidullah (R.T.A.) #Zubair Ibnul Awwam (R.T.A.) #Abdurrahman Bin Auf (R.T.A.) #Sa'ad Bin Wakkas (R.T.A.) #Sa'id Bin Zaid Bin Amr (R.T.A.) #Abu Ubaidah Bin Jarrah (R.T.A.) Allah Madaukin Sarki ya bamu albarkacin wadandan bayi nasa. {{DEFAULTSORT:Sunnah}} [[Category:Musulunci]]. hg9jhi4yqb5s3lp15l0vocw3i1fztpf 0 7293 968086 872953 2026-10-16T07:56:25Z Nura Bello 24854 968086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hujja}} {{databox}} [[File:First_Islamic_coins_by_caliph_Uthman-mohammad_adil_rais.jpg |thumb| An samar da kudin Kwandalayen farko a Musulunci daga Khalifa Uthman Mohammad Adil Rais]] [[File:Umarmosquebuilding.JPG |thumb| Masallacin Umar da aka saka sunansa]] [[File:Rashidun Caliphs Umar dan Al-Khattāb - عُمر بن الخطّاب ثاني الخلفاء الراشدين.svg|thumb|right]] [[Umar]], ko kuma a [[Turanci]] Omar a [[Larabci]] kuma عمربن الخطاب '''Umar dan Al'Khattab''' hausa '''Umaru dan Kaddabi''' Allah ya kara yarda da shi. Ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan Sahabban Annabi [[Muhammad]] (s.a.w), Wanda ake ma laƙabi da suna Faruk (wato me rarrabe Ƙarya da Gaskiya),<ref>https://www.worldhistory.org/Umar/</ref> kuma shine na biyu cikin halifofin [[Musulunci]]. Yana ɗaya daga cikin Halifofinnan guda huɗu na Halifancin Annabta, sannan kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin sahabbai goman da Annabi yayima bushara da gidan Aljanna tun suna Duniya.<ref>Hourani (1991), p. 23</ref> <ref>Ahmed, Nazeer; Islam in Global History - From the Death of Prophet Muhammad to the First World War, American Institute of Islamic History and Cul, 2001, p. 34 <nowiki>ISBN 0-7388-5963-X</nowiki>.</ref> Umar ya kasance mai taka tsan-tsan tare da gudun duniya, kasancewar sa mutumin da yayi kaurin suna kwarai wajen rarrabewa tsakanin gaskiya da ƙarya ne yasa akayi masa laƙabi da Al'faruk, ma'ana mai raba ƙarya da gaskiya<ref>Dubnow, Simon (1968). History of the Jews: From the Roman Empire to the Early Medieval Period. Vol. 2. Cornwall Books. p. 326. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8453-6659-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Vaglieri 1970, p. 64</ref><ref>Islamic calendar | Months, Definition, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 27 April 2025.</ref>. Umar ya kasance babban jagora<ref>Bonner, M.; Levi Della Vida, G. "Umar (I) b. al-K̲h̲aṭṭāb". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 10 (Second ed.). Brill. p. 820</ref>, kuma dukkannin hadisan ruwayar shi ana kallonsu a matsayin hadisai ingantattu.<ref>"Hadith – Book of Companions of the Prophet – Sahih al-Bukhari – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com.</ref><ref>"Hadith – Book of Companions of the Prophet – Sahih al-Bukhari – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com.</ref><ref>Bonner, M.; Levi Della Vida, G. "Umar (I) b. al-K̲h̲aṭṭāb". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 10 (Second ed.). Brill. p. 820. Shi'i tradition has never concealed its antipathy to Umar for having thwarted the claims of Ali and the House of the Prophet.</ref> == Farkon rayuwar sa == An haifi Sayyidina Umar (r t a) a birnin [[Makka]] daga ƙabilar Banu Adiy. Mahaifinsa [[Al'Kattab]] ibn Nufayl mahaifiyar sa itace Hantama bintu Hisham, ƴar kabilar Banu Makhzun. <ref>"Umar Ibn Al-Khattab - His Life and Times, Volume 1" – via Internet Archive.</ref>A lokacin ƙuruciyar sa, Umar ya kasance yana taya mahaifin sa kula da raƙuman sa.<ref>Qazi, Moin. Umar Al Farooq - Man and Caliph. Notion Press. <nowiki>ISBN 9789352061716</nowiki>.</ref> Tun a lokacin ƙuruciyar sa Sayyidina Umar ya kasance mai sha'awar koyon rubutu da karatu. <ref>Muhammad Husayn Haykal (1944), Al Farooq, Umar, Chapter 1, p. 45.</ref>Hakane yasa ya samu ƙwarewa wajen iya rubutu da karatu, harma ya zama gagara-badau wajen iya rubuta waƙe-waƙe kamar yadda larabawa suka shahara wajen rubuce-rubuce na waƙe-waƙe a zamanin kafin zuwan [[Musulunci]] ana danganta basirar Umar da gado daga wajen Mahaifin sa wato wanda ya haifeshi.<ref>Haykal, 1944, Chapter 1.</ref> Haka nan dai a zamanin ƙuruciyar Sayyadina Umar, ya zama babban ɗan kasuwa inda yake zuwa ƙasashen [[Romaniya]] da [[Farisa]] fatauci. <ref>Haykal, 1944, Chapter 1.</ref>Sai dai harkar kasuwancin bata karɓe shiba sosai kamar sauran takwarorin sa.<ref>Haykal, 1944, Chapter 1, pp. 40–41</ref> == Zamanin Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w) == [[File:Sword of Umar ibn al-Khittab-mohammad adil rais.JPG|120px|thumb|left|Takobin Sayyadina Umar]] === Kafin Musuluntar sa === A shekara ta ɗari shida da ɗaya miladiyya, 601 C.E. Umar bai bayar da gaskiya ga Annabi ba da farko. Harma ya kasance babban mai adawa da [[Muhammad|Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W)]]. Sakamakon takurawar da Umar da sauran kafiran makkah na lokacin sukema Annabi da wadanda suka musulunta ne yasa Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) ya umarci wasu daga cikin musulmai da suyi [[Hijira|hijirah]] daga [[makkah]] zuwa ƙasar Sham. <ref>as-Suyuti, The History of Khalifahs Who Took The Right Way, London, 1995, pp. 107–108.</ref><ref>"Umar's Conversion to Islam". ''al-islam.org''. 10 November 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2016.</ref>Lokacin da sahabbai sukabi umarnin Annabi (s.a.w) ne sai ganin haka ya kara tayar da hankalin Sayyadina Umar harma ya fara shirye shiryan kashe Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w).<ref>"New Hope - Prophet Muhammad's Uncle & Umar Convert to Islam". aboutislam.net. 21 January 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2024.</ref><ref>Omar Ibn Al Khattab (ra) – The Convert Who Changed The World | The Firsts". Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research. Retrieved 15 November 2024.</ref><ref>Al Mubarakpury, Safi ur Rahman (2002). Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar). Darussalam Publishers. pp. 130–131. <nowiki>ISBN 9960-899-55-1</nowiki>.</ref> === Musuluntar Sayyadina Umar r. === Umar ya shiga musulunci ne a shekarar 616 Miladiya. wato shekara daya kenan bayan hijirar [[Musulmai]] zuwa Sham. Ibn Ishak, yayi rubutu a lattafin sirar shi game da Musuluntar Sayyadina Umar. ''Ga tarihin,'' a ranar da Umar ya yake shawarar "a yau" zai kashe Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W), ya dauko takobin sa ya nufi inda Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) yake, sai ya hadu da wani sahabi, yace mishi me zai hana ka fara daga dangin ka, abun ya bawa Sayidina Umar mamaki, sai wancan ya ce mishi shin baka ji cewa kanwarka ta Musulunta ba? Daga nan ya kama hanya, sai gidan yar'uwar shi, yasame ta da mijinta suna karatun Alqurani, sai yaji da kunnensa alhali baisan sun muslumta ba, sai yayi fushi mai tsanani har yakaiga ya bugi dan uwan nasa, matar dan uwan nasa tace ''Ashhadu an laa ilaha illallahu wa anna Muhammadan Rasulullahi'', sai jikin sa yayi sanyi, sai umar ya umurceta da ta bashi fallen [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Al-Kur'ani]] yagani, sai ta bashi ya karanta ayoyin qurani, sai yace ''don wannan Kuraishu suke azabtar da mutane?'' kai tsaye ya wuce zuwa Darul-Arqam da ke karqashin dutsen Safa wanda kuma nan Manzon Allah (s.a.w) ya samu mafaka. Da isar Sayyadina Umar (r.a) wannan gida sai ya kwankwasa kofa. “ Sai mai gadin Gidan yace Wanene ?yake kwanKwasa kofar?” Sayyadina Umar ya amsa da “Umar ne”. Da mai gadin ya leko ya gan shi da takobi zare, sai ya yi shakkar bude kofar. Sai [[SayyadinaHamza|Sayyadina Hamza]] (r.a) ya ce da shi, “Bude masa idan da alheri ya zo muna maraba da shi idan kuma da akasin haka ya zo ai sarkin yawa ya fi sarkin karfi”. Aka bude masa ya shiga, Da shigarsa sai Sayyadina Hamza (r.a) ya dakume shi ya ce da shi “Umar, me ke tafe da kai?” Sauran Musulmi kuma suka zazzare takubbansu suka yi masa kawanya (suka zagayeshi) da zimmar ko da zai tada jijiyar wuya sai su cimmasa. Da jin wannan hayaniya sai Manzon Allah (s.a.w) ya fito daga dakinsa ya ce da Sayyadina Hamza (r.a) “kyale shi ya karaso gare ni”. Da Sayyadina Umar (r.a) ya kusanci Manzon Allah (s.a.w) sai Manzan Allah (s.a.w) ya ce da shi “Wane irin lokaci za ka dauka kana fada da Musulunci? Har yanzu lokacin da za ka karbi Addinin gaskiya bai yi ba?” Sai Sayyadina Umar (r.a) ya ce: “Hakika lokacin da zan karbi Addinin gaskiya ya yi. Na zo ne na yi imani”. Sai Manzan Allah (s.a.w) ya mikar da hannunsa shi kuma Sayyadina Umar (r.a) ya dora nasa a kan Na Manzan Allah (s.a.w) cikin ladabi sannan ya ce “Na shaida babu abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Allah kuma Muhammadu Manzon Allah ne”. Da jin haka sai Musulmai suka ce “Allahu Akbar” cikin jin dadi. Sai Manzan Allah (s.a.w) ya rungume shi, sannan sauran Musulmai ma suka rinka rugumarsa daya bayan daya. Sayyadina Umar (r.a) shi ne na arba’in (40) a shiga Musulunci. A wannan ranar da Sayyadina Umar ya Musulunta har Mala’ika Jibrilu (a.s) sai da ya taya Manzan Allah (s.a.w) murna saboda musuluntar sayyadina Umar (r.a). Ya ce da shi, “Ya Manzan Allah jama’ar Aljanna suna murna da musuluntar Umar (r.a) kuma suna mika sakon taya murna gareka”. Sayyadina Umar (r.a) Saboda tsananin jin dadin musuluntar da ya yi saida ya rika bi kwararo-kwararo sako-sako a [[Makkah]] yana shelanta Musuluntar sa. ==Hijirar Sayyadina Umar== Sakamakon tsanani yayi yawa daga wajen kafiran [[Makkah]] ne sai Annabi [[Muhammad]](s.a.w) ya umarci sahabbai da suyi hijira zuwa birnin da ake kira '''Yathriba''' a wancan lokacin wanda daga bisani aka mayar dashi [[Madinah]]. <ref>Serat-i-Hazrat Umar-i-Farooq, Mohammad Allias Aadil, p. 119</ref><ref>The Biography of Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq". 2007 – via Internet Archive</ref>Sai sahabbai suka runka bin dare suna sulalewa daga garin [[Makkah]] saboda gudun cutarwa daga kafiran Makka na wancan lokacin. Amma shi Sayyadina Umar a fili kuma da rana tsaka yayi tasa hijirar har ma yana fadin ''Ina wanda yake son matar sa ta zama bazawara ko yayansa su zama marayu? to ya zo ya hana ni'' Umar yai hijirar sa tare da rakiyar dan dan'uwan sa da kuma dan'uwansa '''Sa'id dan Zaidu'''<ref>Tartib wa Tahthib Kitab Al-Bidaya wa l-Nihaya by ibn Kathir, published by Dar al-Wathan publications, Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1422 Anno hegiræ (2002), compiled by Muhammad ibn Shamil as-Sulami, p. 170 ISBN 978-9960-28-117-9</ref> ==Rayuwar sa a Madina== A [[Madinah]] kuwa, Umar (R.A) na daya daga cikin zaratan mayaka wadanda su kayi ruwa da tsaki wajen kare martabar Addinin Musulunci da ruguza abokan gaba wato ''Kafirai''. Ya kusanci Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama har ya kai matsayin wazirinsa na biyu. A shekara ta uku bayan hijira sai Allah ya karrama shi da surukuta da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama inda Manzo ya nemi auren 'yarsa Hafsah, aka ba shi ita, aka daura masu aure, sai ta zama ita ce ta uku daga cikin matansa bayan rasuwar uwargidansa Khadijah.<ref>Serat-i-Hazrat Umar-i-Farooq, Mohammad Allias Aadil, pp. 40–41</ref> A wurare da dama Umar (R.A) ya dace da hukuncin Alkur'ani kafin saukarsa. Misali, Umar ne ya ba da shawarar kada Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya halarci sallar jana'iza a kan munafukai, kuma sai AlKur'ani ya sauka da aya da tai daidai da wannan hukuncin. <ref>Serat-i-Hazrat Umar-i-Farooq, Mohammad Allias Aadil, p. 42, Sahih al Bukhari</ref>Haka kuma Umar (R.A) ya bai wa Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama shawarar ya hana mutane shiga gidansa, kuma Allah ya saukar da wahayi a kan haka. Shi ne kuma ya nemi a shamakance mata daga maza ta hanyar amfani da hijabi, sai Allah ya saukar da wahayi a kan haka. Ya bada shawarar a kashe fursunonin yaqin Badar, Allah ya karfafi ra'ayinsa a Suratul Ali Imran. Wadannan duka suna nuna irin kaifin basirarsa da kusancinsa ga Allah da sanin abin da Allah yake so da wanda ba ya so. ==Khalifancin Sayyadina Umar (r.a)== [[File:Mohammad adil rais-Caliph Umar's empire at its peak 644.PNG | thumb | Taswirar daular [[Musulunci]] a zamanin Kalifancin Sayyadina Umar R.A]] [[Sayyadina Abubakar]] (R.A) say ya ayyana wa Musulmi Umar a matsayin wanda zai gaje shi bisa ga shawararsu. Don haka da Abubakar ya Rasu nan take mutane su kayi masa mubaya'a kuma ya kama aiki. Wani muhimmin abinda ya kamata a sani game da khalifancin Umar (R.A) shi ne kwarjinin da yake da shi matuka a idon jama'a. Amma kuma duk da haka talakawa sun more a lokacin khalifancinsa, domin kuwa ya kasance yana kula da al'amuransu ta ko wane fanni. Bayan dai kulawarsa da tsayuwar addini. Umar (R.A) yana kulawa da jin dadin rayuwar jama'a da inganta lafiyarsu da gyaruwar tattalin arzikinsu da samun kwanciyar hankali da zaman lafiya a tsakaninsu, hakan yasa Umar (R.A) ya sanya wasu daga cikin Sahabban [[Manzon Allah]] suka zama Gwamnoninsa dan kula da jama'a da jin kokensu,tin daga lokacin ne aka samo asali na nada mukarraben gwamnati. Irin kwarjinin da Umar (R.A) yake da shi a zukatan jama'a ya sanya wata mata ta yi barin cikinta a lokacin da ta samu labarin an kai kararta ga Sarkin Musulmi Umar. Wannan ya sanya Umar ya tara jama'a ya nemi shawararsu a kan wannan abinda ya faru don sanin ko diyya ta wajaba a kansa. Ya kuma yi aiki da ra'ayin [[Sayyadina Ali]] (R.A) na biyan diyyar jinjirin da aka rasa. Ba za mu yi mamakin wannan mata ba idan muka san cewa, manyan Sahabbai irin su [[Zubairu dan Awwam]] da [[Sa'adu dan Abu Waqqas]] sukan tafi wajen Umar da nufin gaya masa wata magana ko gabatar da wata bukata, amma su je su dawo ba su samu damar yin haka ba saboda kwarjininsa da ya cika masu fuska. Ibnu Abbas ma duk da irin kusancin da yake da shi ga Umar amma ya yi shekara daya yana son ya tambaye shi game da wata aya bai samu damar haka ba saboda kwarjininsa. Wani wanzami kuma ya saki iska saboda tsoro a lokacin da Sarkin Musulmi Umar ya yi tari shi kuma yana yi masa aski. Umar (R.A) da kansa ya kan damu wani lokaci da yadda jama'a suke fargabarsa, har ma ya kan ce, Ya Allah! Ka san na fi tsoronka fiye da yadda su ke tsorona. A game da kulawarsa da talakawa kuwa, Umar (R.A) ya shahara da ziyarar sa ido wadda yake yi a cikin dare yana sintiri a tsakanin hanyoyi da gidaje don sanin halin da kasarsa ta ke ciki. A cikin irin wannan ziyarar ne yake gano idan akwai barayi ko wasu miyagu ko mabarnata masu fakewa a cikin duhun dare su yi aikin assha watau aikin masha'a, ko kuma bako wanda bai samu masauki ba. ==Kisan Sayyadina Umar (r.a)== [[File:Tombstone of Umar (r.a) by mohammad adil rais.JPG|thumb|Makwancin Kalifa Umar a masallacin Annabi (s.a.w) [[Madina]]. Tagar farko daga dama tana nuna Kabarin Sa]] A shekarar 144M. ne wani bawa bafarenshe maisuna '''Abu Lu'u lu'ul majusi''' ya kai hari kan Sayyaduna Umar (r.a). Dama ansha shirya kashe Umar watanni kafin aiwatar da kisan. Adaidai lokacin da Sayyaduna Umar yake jagorancin sallar Asuba ne maharin yazo da wuka ya daddabawa Sayyaduna Umar (r.a) har sau shida nakarshe ne ya daba masa ita a makogwaron sa. A kokarin sauran mutanen na ganin a kama maharin Lu'u Lu'u ne sai da ya raunata mutum goma sha biyu(12) . Daga baya shida ko tara na mutanen Allah ya karbi rayuwar su dalilin wannan raunin. Shima Lu'u lu'u daga bisani kashe kansa yayi. Sayyadina Umar ya rasu sakamakon raunukan da maharin wato Lu'u Lu'u (l.a) yayi masa bayan kwana uku. Wato ranar Laraba ta 26 ga watan Dhul Hijja shekara ta 23 bayan hijira. Da Umarnin Aisha ne aka binne mahaifin ta wato Sayyaduna Umar bin khatdab a cikin dakinta gefe kadan da Makwancin Annabi [[Muhammad]] (s.a.w) da kuma na [[Sayyadina Abubakar]](r.a). ==Iyalin Sayyadina Umar (r.a) == Sayyadina Umar(A.S) Ya auri mata Tara ne a iya rayuwar sa. Yana da yaya goma sha hudu, goma maza hudu mata. [[Category:Sahabbai]] == Farkon Rayuwa == An haifi Umar a [[Makkah|Makka]] cikin kabilar Banu Adi, wadda ke da alhakin yin sulhu a tsakanin kabilu. Mahaifinsa shi ne Khattab bn Nufayl, mahaifiyarsa kuwa ita ce Hantama bint Hisham, daga kabilar Banu Makhzum .A lokacin kuruciyarsa, ya kasance yana kiwon [[Raƙumi|rakuman]] mahaifinsa a wani fili kusa da Makka.Mahaifinsa dan kasuwa ne ya shahara saboda hazakarsa a cikin kabilarsa. Umar da kansa ya kan ce: “Babana, al-Khattab, mutum ne mara tausayi.Ya kasance yana sa ni aiki tukuru; idan ban yi aiki ba ya kan yi mini duka, kuma ya kasance yana sani aiki har na gaji.” Duk da karance- karance ba a saba gani ba a Jahar kafin zuwan Musulunci, Umar ya koyi karatu da rubutu tun yana matashi.Ko da yake ba mawaƙi ba ne shi , ya kasance yana son waƙa da adabi . Kamar yadda al'adar [[Ƙuraishawa|Kuraishawa]] ta nuna, Umar tun yana matashin sa ya koyi sana'ar yaki da hawan doki da kokawa .Ya kasance dogo ne, mai karfin jiki kuma sanannen dan kokawa. <ref name="haykal-ch1" /> Ya kuma kasance dan baiwa a zance wanda ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin mai sasantawa a tsakanin kabilu. Umar ya zama dan kasuwa kuma ya yi tafiye-tafiye da dama zuwa [[Daular Rumawa|Rum]] da Farisa, inda aka ce ya hadu da malamai daban-daban kuma ya yi nazari kan al'ummomin Rumawa da Farisa .A matsayinsa na dan kasuwa ya kasance bai yi nasara ba. <ref name="haykal-ch1" /> Kamar sauran na kusa da shi, Umar ya kasance yana sha’awar shaye- shaye a zamaninsa na jahiliyya. == Farkon aikin soja == === Adawa da Musulunci === A cikin shekara ta 610, [[Muhammad|Muhammadu (s.a.w)]] ya fara wa'azin kira zuwa ga Musulunci.Duk da haka, kamar sauran mutane da yawa a Makka, Umar ya yi adawa da Musulunci har ma ya yi barazanar kashe Muhammadu.Ya kuduri aniyar kare addinin mushrikan [[Yankin Larabawa|Larabawa]] na gargajiya .Ya kasance mai tsayin daka da zalunci wajen adawa da Muhammadu, kuma ya yi fice wajen tsananta wa Musulmai. Ya bada shawarar kashe Muhammad. Ya yi imani da hadin kan [[Ƙuraishawa|Quraishawa]], kuma yana ganin sabon addinin Musulunci a matsayin sababin rarrabuwa da sabani. <ref name="haykal-p51" /> Saboda tsanantawa, Muhammadu ya umurci wasu mabiyansa da su yi hijira zuwa Abyssiniya.Lokacin da wasu tsirarun musulmai suka yi hijira, Umar ya damu da hadin kan Quraishawa a nan gaba, kuma ya yanke shawarar a kashe Muhammad. === Komawa zuwa Musulunci da hidima karkashin Muhammadu === Umar ya musulunta a shekara ta 616, shekara daya bayan hijira zuwa Habasha.An kawo labarin a cikin ''Sirah na'' Ibn Ishaq .A hanyarsa ta zuwa kashe Muhammad, Umar ya gamu da babban amininsa Nu'aym bn Abd Allah wanda ya musulunta a asirce amma bai gaya wa Umar ba.Da Umar ya ba shi labarin cewa ya yi niyyar zai je ya kashe Muhammadu, Nu’aym ya ce: “Wallahi ka yaudari kanka ya Umar!Kana tsammanin Banu Abd al-Manaf zasu bar ka da rai kana yawo da zarar ka kashe ɗansu Muhammad?Me ya sa ba za ka koma gidanku ba, ka daidaita shi a ƙalla?” Nuaimal Hakim ya ce masa ya tambayi gidansa inda yayarsa da mijinta suka musulunta.Da isarsa gidanta, Umar ya tarar da kanwarsa da kuma surukinsa [[Sa'id bin Zayd|Saeed bin Zaid]] (dan baffan Umar) yana karatun ayoyin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alqur'ani]] daga [[Surah|suratu]] Ta-Ha . sai ya fara husuma da surukinsa.Sa’ad da ‘yar’uwarsa ta zo ta ceci mijinta, sai itama ya soma rigiman da ita.Amma duk da haka suka ci gaba da cewa "za ka iya kashe mu amma ba za mu bar Musulunci ba".Jin wannan maganar, sai Umar ya mari kanwarsa da karfi har ta fadi kasa tana zubar da jini daga bakinta.Da yaga abin da ya yi wa ‘yar uwarsa, sai ya huce saboda laifin da ya aikata, sai ya ce ma ‘yar uwarsa ta ba shi abin da take karantawa.'Yar'uwarsa ta amsa, da cewa, "Kai marar tsarki ne, kuma ba mai ƙazanta da zai iya taɓa Nassi."Ya dage amma yayarsa bata shirya ta barshi ya taba shafukan ba sai dai idan ya wanke jikinsa.Daga karshe Umar ya yarda.Ya wanke jikinsa sannan ya fara karanta ayoyin da ke cewa: ''Lallai ni ne Allah: babu abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Ni; Sabõda haka ku bauta Mini, kuma ku tsayar da salla dõmin ambatoNa'' (Alƙur´ãni 20:14).Sai ya yi kuka ya ce, “Hakika wannan maganar Allah ce.Ina shaidawa Lallai Muhammadu Manzon Allah ne”.Da Jin haka, sai Khabbab ya fito daga ciki ya ce: “Ya Umar!Albishir a gare ka.Jiya Muhammad ya roki Allah, 'Ya Allah!Ka Qarfafa Musulunci da Umar ko Abu Jahal, duk wanda Kake so acikin su.Kamar dai an karɓa masa addu’arSa da kai ne .” Daga nan sai Umar ya je wurin Muhammad da takobin da ya yi niyyar kashe shi da shi, sai ya karbi Musulunci a gabansa da sahabbansa.Umar ya kasance yana da shekara 39 a duniya lokacin da ya musulunta. A cewar wani labari, bayan musuluntar sa, Umar yana Sallah a fili a dakin [[Kaaba|Ka'aba]] kamar yadda aka ruwaito shugabannin Quraishawa, Abu Jahl da [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]], suna kallon sa cikin fushi . Wannan kuma ya kara taimakawa musulmai wajen samun kwarin gwiwa wajen aiwatar da Musulunci a fili.A wannan mataki Umar ya ma kalubalanci duk wanda ya kuskura ya hana musulmai yin sallah, duk da cewa babu wanda ya kuskura ya yi wa Umar katsalandan a lokacin da yake salla a bayyane. Musuluntar Umar ya baiwa musulmai iko da karfi kuma imanin Musulunci a Makka.Bayan faruwar wannan ne musulmai suke gudanar da salloli a bayyane a [[Masjid al-Haram|masallacin Harami]] a karon farko.[[Abdullah ɗan Mas'ud|Abdullahi Ibn Masud]] yace: ==== Hijira zuwa Madina ==== A cikin shekara ta 622 CE, saboda amincin da Yathrib (daga baya aka sake masa suna Medinat an-Nabī, ko kuma [[Madinah|Madina]] kawai), Muhammad ya umurci mabiyansa su yi hijira zuwa garin Madina.Mafi yawan musulmai sun yi hijira da daddare ne saboda tsoron turjiya daga Quraishawa, amma an ruwaito Umar ya fita a fili da rana yana cewa: "Duk wanda yake son ya mayar da matarsa bazawara, 'ya'yansa marayu to ya zo ya same ni a bayan wannan dutse." Umar ya yi hijira zuwa Madina tare da rakiyar kaninsa kuma surukinsa [[Sa'id bin Zayd|Saeed bn Zaid]] . <ref name="Tahthib 2002 page 170" /> ==== Rayuwa a Madina ==== [[File:Sword_of_Umar_ibn_al-Khittab-mohammad_adil_rais.JPG|left|thumb|264x264px|Takobin Umar]] Lokacin da Muhammadu ya isa Madina, sai ya hada kowane dan hijira ( [[Muhajirun|Muhajir]] ) da daya daga cikin mazaunan garin ( Ansari ), ya hada Muhammad bn Maslamah tare da Umar, ya mai da su ‘yan uwa a musulunci.Daga baya a zamanin Umar a matsayin sa na khalifa, Muhammad bn Muslamah za a nada shi ofishin Babban insifecta na Accountability.Musulmai sun zauna lafiya a Madina kusan shekara guda kafin Quraishawa su kafa runduna ta kai musu hari.A shekara ta 624, Umar ya halarci yakin farko tsakanin musulmai da Quraishawa na Makka, watau [[Yaƙin Badar|yakin Badar]] .A shekara ta 625, ya halarci [[Yaƙin Uhudu|yakin Uhudu]] .A kashi na biyu na yakin, a lokacin da dakarun dawakan [[Khalid ibn al-Walid|Khalid bn Walid]] suka far wa musulmai na baya-bayan nan, inda suka karkata akalar yakin, aka yi ta yada jita-jitar mutuwar Muhammad, aka fatattaki mayakan musulmai da dama daga fagen fama, Umar yana cikinsu.Amma da jin cewa Muhammadu yana raye, sai ya je wurin Muhammad a dutsen Uhud ya shirya domin kare dutsen. Daga baya kuma a cikin shekarar Umar ya kasance wani bangare na yaki da kabilar Banu Nadir yahudawa .A shekara ta 625, aka aurar da ‘yar Umar [[Hafsa bint Umar|Hafsah]] ga Muhammad. Daga baya a shekara ta 627, ya halarci [[Yaƙin gwalalo|yakin mahara]] da kuma yakin Banu Qurayza . A shekara ta 628, Umar ya shaida [[yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyyah]] . <ref name="Maghazi" />A cikin shekara ta 628, ya yi faɗa a [[Yaƙin Khybar|yakin Khaybar]] .A shekara ta 629, Muhammadu ya aika Amr bn al-A'as zuwa Zaat-ul-Sallasal, bayan haka, Muhammad ya aiki [[Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah|Abu Ubaidah bn al-Jarrah]] da wasu dakaru da suka hada da Abubakar da Umar, inda suka kai farmaki suka fatattaki makiya. A shekara ta 630, lokacin da sojojin musulmai suka yi gaggawar [[Nasarar Makka|buge Makka]], yana cikin wannan rundunar.Daga baya a shekara ta 630, ya yi [[Yakin Hunayn|yakin Hunain]] da kewayen Ta'if .Yana cikin rundunar musulmai da suka fafata yakin Tabouk karkashin jagorancin Muhammad, kuma an ruwaito cewa ya bayar da rabin dukiyarsa domin shirya wannan balaguro.Ya kuma halarci aikin [[Aikin Hajji|Hajjin]] bankwana na Muhammad a shekara ta 632. ==== Wafatin Annabi Muhammad ==== Lokacin da Muhammadu ya rasu ranar 8 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 632 Umar ya karyata da farko cewa ya rasu. An ce Umar ya yi alkawarin sare kan duk mutumin da yace Muhammadu ya rasu<ref>as-Suyuti, The History of Khalifahs Who Took The Right Way, London, 1995, pp. 54–61.</ref>.Umar ya ce: “Bai mutu ba, sai dai ya tafi zuwa ga ubangijinsa ne kamar yadda Annabi [[Musa]] (A.S) ya tafi, ya bar mutanensa da dare arba’in bayan ya koma wurinsu.Wallahi manzon Allah hakika zai dawo kamar yadda Musa ya koma (zuwa ga mutanensa) kuma sai ya yanke hannaye da kafafuwan wadanda suka yi ikrarin ya rasu.<ref>"The Biography of Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq". 2007 – via Internet Archive.</ref>” Sai [[Abubakar]] ya fito fili ya yi magana da jama’a a cikin masallaci, yana mai cewa: " Ya Umar, kazauna. Se yace, Ya ku mutane!!! Wanda Allah yake bautawa, muna sheda muku Allah baya mutuwa, amma Wanda yake bautawa Muhammadu (SAW) to hakika muna sheda masa yau kam ya Rasu ya bar Duniya. <ref name="http://sunnah.com/bukhari/62/19" /> Da jin haka sai Umar ya durkusa kan gwiwowinsa cikin baqin ciki da yarda.Musulmai Ahlus-Sunnah sun ce wannan musun mutuwar Muhammadu ya faru ne saboda tsananin kaunarsa gare shi. <ref name="Suyuti54-61" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ncw4417h7vls4iw1jg19xkwc71lu98z 968088 968086 2026-10-16T07:59:16Z Nura Bello 24854 968088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hujja}} {{databox}} [[File:First_Islamic_coins_by_caliph_Uthman-mohammad_adil_rais.jpg |thumb| An samar da kudin Kwandalayen farko a Musulunci daga Khalifa Uthman Mohammad Adil Rais]] [[File:Umarmosquebuilding.JPG |thumb| Masallacin Umar da aka saka sunansa]] [[File:Rashidun Caliphs Umar dan Al-Khattāb - عُمر بن الخطّاب ثاني الخلفاء الراشدين.svg|thumb|right]] [[Umar]], ko kuma a [[Turanci]] Omar a [[Larabci]] kuma عمربن الخطاب '''Umar dan Al'Khattab''' hausa '''Umaru dan Kaddabi''' Allah ya kara yarda da shi. Ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan Sahabban Annabi [[Muhammad]] (s.a.w), Wanda ake ma laƙabi da suna Faruk (wato me rarrabe Ƙarya da Gaskiya),<ref>https://www.worldhistory.org/Umar/</ref> kuma shine na biyu cikin halifofin [[Musulunci]]. Yana ɗaya daga cikin Halifofinnan guda huɗu na Halifancin Annabta, sannan kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin sahabbai goman da Annabi yayima bushara da gidan Aljanna tun suna Duniya.<ref>Hourani (1991), p. 23</ref> <ref>Ahmed, Nazeer; Islam in Global History - From the Death of Prophet Muhammad to the First World War, American Institute of Islamic History and Cul, 2001, p. 34 <nowiki>ISBN 0-7388-5963-X</nowiki>.</ref> Umar ya kasance mai taka tsan-tsan tare da gudun duniya, kasancewar sa mutumin da yayi kaurin suna kwarai wajen rarrabewa tsakanin gaskiya da ƙarya ne yasa akayi masa laƙabi da Al'faruk, ma'ana mai raba ƙarya da gaskiya<ref>Dubnow, Simon (1968). History of the Jews: From the Roman Empire to the Early Medieval Period. Vol. 2. Cornwall Books. p. 326. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8453-6659-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Vaglieri 1970, p. 64</ref><ref>Islamic calendar | Months, Definition, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 27 April 2025.</ref>. Umar ya kasance babban jagora<ref>Bonner, M.; Levi Della Vida, G. "Umar (I) b. al-K̲h̲aṭṭāb". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 10 (Second ed.). Brill. p. 820</ref>, kuma dukkannin hadisan ruwayar shi ana kallonsu a matsayin hadisai ingantattu.<ref>"Hadith – Book of Companions of the Prophet – Sahih al-Bukhari – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com.</ref><ref>"Hadith – Book of Companions of the Prophet – Sahih al-Bukhari – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com.</ref><ref>Bonner, M.; Levi Della Vida, G. "Umar (I) b. al-K̲h̲aṭṭāb". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 10 (Second ed.). Brill. p. 820. Shi'i tradition has never concealed its antipathy to Umar for having thwarted the claims of Ali and the House of the Prophet.</ref> == Farkon rayuwar sa == An haifi Sayyidina Umar (r t a) a birnin [[Makka]] daga ƙabilar Banu Adiy. Mahaifinsa [[Al'Kattab]] ibn Nufayl mahaifiyar sa itace Hantama bintu Hisham, ƴar kabilar Banu Makhzun. <ref>"Umar Ibn Al-Khattab - His Life and Times, Volume 1" – via Internet Archive.</ref>A lokacin ƙuruciyar sa, Umar ya kasance yana taya mahaifin sa kula da kiwon raƙuman sa.<ref>Qazi, Moin. Umar Al Farooq - Man and Caliph. Notion Press. <nowiki>ISBN 9789352061716</nowiki>.</ref> Tun a lokacin ƙuruciyar sa Sayyidina Umar ya kasance mai sha'awar koyon rubutu da karatu. <ref>Muhammad Husayn Haykal (1944), Al Farooq, Umar, Chapter 1, p. 45.</ref>Hakane yasa ya samu ƙwarewa wajen iya rubutu da karatu, harma ya zama gagara-badau wajen iya rubuta waƙe-waƙe kamar yadda larabawa suka shahara wajen rubuce-rubuce na waƙe-waƙe a zamanin kafin zuwan [[Musulunci]] ana danganta basirar Umar da gado daga wajen Mahaifin sa wato wanda ya haifeshi.<ref>Haykal, 1944, Chapter 1.</ref> Haka nan dai a zamanin ƙuruciyar Sayyadina Umar, ya zama babban ɗan kasuwa inda yake zuwa ƙasashen [[Romaniya]] da [[Farisa]] fatauci. <ref>Haykal, 1944, Chapter 1.</ref>Sai dai harkar kasuwancin bata karɓe shiba sosai kamar sauran takwarorin sa.<ref>Haykal, 1944, Chapter 1, pp. 40–41</ref> == Zamanin Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w) == [[File:Sword of Umar ibn al-Khittab-mohammad adil rais.JPG|120px|thumb|left|Takobin Sayyadina Umar]] === Kafin Musuluntar sa === A shekara ta ɗari shida da ɗaya miladiyya, 601 C.E. Umar bai bayar da gaskiya ga Annabi ba da farko. Harma ya kasance babban mai adawa da [[Muhammad|Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W)]]. Sakamakon takurawar da Umar da sauran kafiran makkah na lokacin sukema Annabi da wadanda suka musulunta ne yasa Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) ya umarci wasu daga cikin musulmai da suyi [[Hijira|hijirah]] daga [[makkah]] zuwa ƙasar Sham. <ref>as-Suyuti, The History of Khalifahs Who Took The Right Way, London, 1995, pp. 107–108.</ref><ref>"Umar's Conversion to Islam". ''al-islam.org''. 10 November 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2016.</ref>Lokacin da sahabbai sukabi umarnin Annabi (s.a.w) ne sai ganin haka ya kara tayar da hankalin Sayyadina Umar harma ya fara shirye shiryan kashe Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w).<ref>"New Hope - Prophet Muhammad's Uncle & Umar Convert to Islam". aboutislam.net. 21 January 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2024.</ref><ref>Omar Ibn Al Khattab (ra) – The Convert Who Changed The World | The Firsts". Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research. Retrieved 15 November 2024.</ref><ref>Al Mubarakpury, Safi ur Rahman (2002). Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar). Darussalam Publishers. pp. 130–131. <nowiki>ISBN 9960-899-55-1</nowiki>.</ref> === Musuluntar Sayyadina Umar r. === Umar ya shiga musulunci ne a shekarar 616 Miladiya. wato shekara daya kenan bayan hijirar [[Musulmai]] zuwa Sham. Ibn Ishak, yayi rubutu a lattafin sirar shi game da Musuluntar Sayyadina Umar. ''Ga tarihin,'' a ranar da Umar ya yake shawarar "a yau" zai kashe Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W), ya dauko takobin sa ya nufi inda Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) yake, sai ya hadu da wani sahabi, yace mishi me zai hana ka fara daga dangin ka, abun ya bawa Sayidina Umar mamaki, sai wancan ya ce mishi shin baka ji cewa kanwarka ta Musulunta ba? Daga nan ya kama hanya, sai gidan yar'uwar shi, yasame ta da mijinta suna karatun Alqurani, sai yaji da kunnensa alhali baisan sun muslumta ba, sai yayi fushi mai tsanani har yakaiga ya bugi dan uwan nasa, matar dan uwan nasa tace ''Ashhadu an laa ilaha illallahu wa anna Muhammadan Rasulullahi'', sai jikin sa yayi sanyi, sai umar ya umurceta da ta bashi fallen [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Al-Kur'ani]] yagani, sai ta bashi ya karanta ayoyin qurani, sai yace ''don wannan Kuraishu suke azabtar da mutane?'' kai tsaye ya wuce zuwa Darul-Arqam da ke karqashin dutsen Safa wanda kuma nan Manzon Allah (s.a.w) ya samu mafaka. Da isar Sayyadina Umar (r.a) wannan gida sai ya kwankwasa kofa. “ Sai mai gadin Gidan yace Wanene ?yake kwanKwasa kofar?” Sayyadina Umar ya amsa da “Umar ne”. Da mai gadin ya leko ya gan shi da takobi zare, sai ya yi shakkar bude kofar. Sai [[SayyadinaHamza|Sayyadina Hamza]] (r.a) ya ce da shi, “Bude masa idan da alheri ya zo muna maraba da shi idan kuma da akasin haka ya zo ai sarkin yawa ya fi sarkin karfi”. Aka bude masa ya shiga, Da shigarsa sai Sayyadina Hamza (r.a) ya dakume shi ya ce da shi “Umar, me ke tafe da kai?” Sauran Musulmi kuma suka zazzare takubbansu suka yi masa kawanya (suka zagayeshi) da zimmar ko da zai tada jijiyar wuya sai su cimmasa. Da jin wannan hayaniya sai Manzon Allah (s.a.w) ya fito daga dakinsa ya ce da Sayyadina Hamza (r.a) “kyale shi ya karaso gare ni”. Da Sayyadina Umar (r.a) ya kusanci Manzon Allah (s.a.w) sai Manzan Allah (s.a.w) ya ce da shi “Wane irin lokaci za ka dauka kana fada da Musulunci? Har yanzu lokacin da za ka karbi Addinin gaskiya bai yi ba?” Sai Sayyadina Umar (r.a) ya ce: “Hakika lokacin da zan karbi Addinin gaskiya ya yi. Na zo ne na yi imani”. Sai Manzan Allah (s.a.w) ya mikar da hannunsa shi kuma Sayyadina Umar (r.a) ya dora nasa a kan Na Manzan Allah (s.a.w) cikin ladabi sannan ya ce “Na shaida babu abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Allah kuma Muhammadu Manzon Allah ne”. Da jin haka sai Musulmai suka ce “Allahu Akbar” cikin jin dadi. Sai Manzan Allah (s.a.w) ya rungume shi, sannan sauran Musulmai ma suka rinka rugumarsa daya bayan daya. Sayyadina Umar (r.a) shi ne na arba’in (40) a shiga Musulunci. A wannan ranar da Sayyadina Umar ya Musulunta har Mala’ika Jibrilu (a.s) sai da ya taya Manzan Allah (s.a.w) murna saboda musuluntar sayyadina Umar (r.a). Ya ce da shi, “Ya Manzan Allah jama’ar Aljanna suna murna da musuluntar Umar (r.a) kuma suna mika sakon taya murna gareka”. Sayyadina Umar (r.a) Saboda tsananin jin dadin musuluntar da ya yi saida ya rika bi kwararo-kwararo sako-sako a [[Makkah]] yana shelanta Musuluntar sa. ==Hijirar Sayyadina Umar== Sakamakon tsanani yayi yawa daga wajen kafiran [[Makkah]] ne sai Annabi [[Muhammad]](s.a.w) ya umarci sahabbai da suyi hijira zuwa birnin da ake kira '''Yathriba''' a wancan lokacin wanda daga bisani aka mayar dashi [[Madinah]]. <ref>Serat-i-Hazrat Umar-i-Farooq, Mohammad Allias Aadil, p. 119</ref><ref>The Biography of Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq". 2007 – via Internet Archive</ref>Sai sahabbai suka runka bin dare suna sulalewa daga garin [[Makkah]] saboda gudun cutarwa daga kafiran Makka na wancan lokacin. Amma shi Sayyadina Umar a fili kuma da rana tsaka yayi tasa hijirar har ma yana fadin ''Ina wanda yake son matar sa ta zama bazawara ko yayansa su zama marayu? to ya zo ya hana ni'' Umar yai hijirar sa tare da rakiyar dan dan'uwan sa da kuma dan'uwansa '''Sa'id dan Zaidu'''<ref>Tartib wa Tahthib Kitab Al-Bidaya wa l-Nihaya by ibn Kathir, published by Dar al-Wathan publications, Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1422 Anno hegiræ (2002), compiled by Muhammad ibn Shamil as-Sulami, p. 170 ISBN 978-9960-28-117-9</ref> ==Rayuwar sa a Madina== A [[Madinah]] kuwa, Umar (R.A) na daya daga cikin zaratan mayaka wadanda su kayi ruwa da tsaki wajen kare martabar Addinin Musulunci da ruguza abokan gaba wato ''Kafirai''. Ya kusanci Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama har ya kai matsayin wazirinsa na biyu. A shekara ta uku bayan hijira sai Allah ya karrama shi da surukuta da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama inda Manzo ya nemi auren 'yarsa Hafsah, aka ba shi ita, aka daura masu aure, sai ta zama ita ce ta uku daga cikin matansa bayan rasuwar uwargidansa Khadijah.<ref>Serat-i-Hazrat Umar-i-Farooq, Mohammad Allias Aadil, pp. 40–41</ref> A wurare da dama Umar (R.A) ya dace da hukuncin Alkur'ani kafin saukarsa. Misali, Umar ne ya ba da shawarar kada Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya halarci sallar jana'iza a kan munafukai, kuma sai AlKur'ani ya sauka da aya da tai daidai da wannan hukuncin. <ref>Serat-i-Hazrat Umar-i-Farooq, Mohammad Allias Aadil, p. 42, Sahih al Bukhari</ref>Haka kuma Umar (R.A) ya bai wa Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama shawarar ya hana mutane shiga gidansa, kuma Allah ya saukar da wahayi a kan haka. Shi ne kuma ya nemi a shamakance mata daga maza ta hanyar amfani da hijabi, sai Allah ya saukar da wahayi a kan haka. Ya bada shawarar a kashe fursunonin yaqin Badar, Allah ya karfafi ra'ayinsa a Suratul Ali Imran. Wadannan duka suna nuna irin kaifin basirarsa da kusancinsa ga Allah da sanin abin da Allah yake so da wanda ba ya so. ==Khalifancin Sayyadina Umar (r.a)== [[File:Mohammad adil rais-Caliph Umar's empire at its peak 644.PNG | thumb | Taswirar daular [[Musulunci]] a zamanin Kalifancin Sayyadina Umar R.A]] [[Sayyadina Abubakar]] (R.A) say ya ayyana wa Musulmi Umar a matsayin wanda zai gaje shi bisa ga shawararsu. Don haka da Abubakar ya Rasu nan take mutane su kayi masa mubaya'a kuma ya kama aiki. Wani muhimmin abinda ya kamata a sani game da khalifancin Umar (R.A) shi ne kwarjinin da yake da shi matuka a idon jama'a. Amma kuma duk da haka talakawa sun more a lokacin khalifancinsa, domin kuwa ya kasance yana kula da al'amuransu ta ko wane fanni. Bayan dai kulawarsa da tsayuwar addini. Umar (R.A) yana kulawa da jin dadin rayuwar jama'a da inganta lafiyarsu da gyaruwar tattalin arzikinsu da samun kwanciyar hankali da zaman lafiya a tsakaninsu, hakan yasa Umar (R.A) ya sanya wasu daga cikin Sahabban [[Manzon Allah]] suka zama Gwamnoninsa dan kula da jama'a da jin kokensu,tin daga lokacin ne aka samo asali na nada mukarraben gwamnati. Irin kwarjinin da Umar (R.A) yake da shi a zukatan jama'a ya sanya wata mata ta yi barin cikinta a lokacin da ta samu labarin an kai kararta ga Sarkin Musulmi Umar. Wannan ya sanya Umar ya tara jama'a ya nemi shawararsu a kan wannan abinda ya faru don sanin ko diyya ta wajaba a kansa. Ya kuma yi aiki da ra'ayin [[Sayyadina Ali]] (R.A) na biyan diyyar jinjirin da aka rasa. Ba za mu yi mamakin wannan mata ba idan muka san cewa, manyan Sahabbai irin su [[Zubairu dan Awwam]] da [[Sa'adu dan Abu Waqqas]] sukan tafi wajen Umar da nufin gaya masa wata magana ko gabatar da wata bukata, amma su je su dawo ba su samu damar yin haka ba saboda kwarjininsa da ya cika masu fuska. Ibnu Abbas ma duk da irin kusancin da yake da shi ga Umar amma ya yi shekara daya yana son ya tambaye shi game da wata aya bai samu damar haka ba saboda kwarjininsa. Wani wanzami kuma ya saki iska saboda tsoro a lokacin da Sarkin Musulmi Umar ya yi tari shi kuma yana yi masa aski. Umar (R.A) da kansa ya kan damu wani lokaci da yadda jama'a suke fargabarsa, har ma ya kan ce, Ya Allah! Ka san na fi tsoronka fiye da yadda su ke tsorona. A game da kulawarsa da talakawa kuwa, Umar (R.A) ya shahara da ziyarar sa ido wadda yake yi a cikin dare yana sintiri a tsakanin hanyoyi da gidaje don sanin halin da kasarsa ta ke ciki. A cikin irin wannan ziyarar ne yake gano idan akwai barayi ko wasu miyagu ko mabarnata masu fakewa a cikin duhun dare su yi aikin assha watau aikin masha'a, ko kuma bako wanda bai samu masauki ba. ==Kisan Sayyadina Umar (r.a)== [[File:Tombstone of Umar (r.a) by mohammad adil rais.JPG|thumb|Makwancin Kalifa Umar a masallacin Annabi (s.a.w) [[Madina]]. Tagar farko daga dama tana nuna Kabarin Sa]] A shekarar 144M. ne wani bawa bafarenshe maisuna '''Abu Lu'u lu'ul majusi''' ya kai hari kan Sayyaduna Umar (r.a). Dama ansha shirya kashe Umar watanni kafin aiwatar da kisan. Adaidai lokacin da Sayyaduna Umar yake jagorancin sallar Asuba ne maharin yazo da wuka ya daddabawa Sayyaduna Umar (r.a) har sau shida nakarshe ne ya daba masa ita a makogwaron sa. A kokarin sauran mutanen na ganin a kama maharin Lu'u Lu'u ne sai da ya raunata mutum goma sha biyu(12) . Daga baya shida ko tara na mutanen Allah ya karbi rayuwar su dalilin wannan raunin. Shima Lu'u lu'u daga bisani kashe kansa yayi. Sayyadina Umar ya rasu sakamakon raunukan da maharin wato Lu'u Lu'u (l.a) yayi masa bayan kwana uku. Wato ranar Laraba ta 26 ga watan Dhul Hijja shekara ta 23 bayan hijira. Da Umarnin Aisha ne aka binne mahaifin ta wato Sayyaduna Umar bin khatdab a cikin dakinta gefe kadan da Makwancin Annabi [[Muhammad]] (s.a.w) da kuma na [[Sayyadina Abubakar]](r.a). ==Iyalin Sayyadina Umar (r.a) == Sayyadina Umar(A.S) Ya auri mata Tara ne a iya rayuwar sa. Yana da yaya goma sha hudu, goma maza hudu mata. [[Category:Sahabbai]] == Farkon Rayuwa == An haifi Umar a [[Makkah|Makka]] cikin kabilar Banu Adi, wadda ke da alhakin yin sulhu a tsakanin kabilu. Mahaifinsa shi ne Khattab bn Nufayl, mahaifiyarsa kuwa ita ce Hantama bint Hisham, daga kabilar Banu Makhzum .A lokacin kuruciyarsa, ya kasance yana kiwon [[Raƙumi|rakuman]] mahaifinsa a wani fili kusa da Makka.Mahaifinsa dan kasuwa ne ya shahara saboda hazakarsa a cikin kabilarsa. Umar da kansa ya kan ce: “Babana, al-Khattab, mutum ne mara tausayi.Ya kasance yana sa ni aiki tukuru; idan ban yi aiki ba ya kan yi mini duka, kuma ya kasance yana sani aiki har na gaji.” Duk da karance- karance ba a saba gani ba a Jahar kafin zuwan Musulunci, Umar ya koyi karatu da rubutu tun yana matashi.Ko da yake ba mawaƙi ba ne shi , ya kasance yana son waƙa da adabi . Kamar yadda al'adar [[Ƙuraishawa|Kuraishawa]] ta nuna, Umar tun yana matashin sa ya koyi sana'ar yaki da hawan doki da kokawa .Ya kasance dogo ne, mai karfin jiki kuma sanannen dan kokawa. <ref name="haykal-ch1" /> Ya kuma kasance dan baiwa a zance wanda ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin mai sasantawa a tsakanin kabilu. Umar ya zama dan kasuwa kuma ya yi tafiye-tafiye da dama zuwa [[Daular Rumawa|Rum]] da Farisa, inda aka ce ya hadu da malamai daban-daban kuma ya yi nazari kan al'ummomin Rumawa da Farisa .A matsayinsa na dan kasuwa ya kasance bai yi nasara ba. <ref name="haykal-ch1" /> Kamar sauran na kusa da shi, Umar ya kasance yana sha’awar shaye- shaye a zamaninsa na jahiliyya. == Farkon aikin soja == === Adawa da Musulunci === A cikin shekara ta 610, [[Muhammad|Muhammadu (s.a.w)]] ya fara wa'azin kira zuwa ga Musulunci.Duk da haka, kamar sauran mutane da yawa a Makka, Umar ya yi adawa da Musulunci har ma ya yi barazanar kashe Muhammadu.Ya kuduri aniyar kare addinin mushrikan [[Yankin Larabawa|Larabawa]] na gargajiya .Ya kasance mai tsayin daka da zalunci wajen adawa da Muhammadu, kuma ya yi fice wajen tsananta wa Musulmai. Ya bada shawarar kashe Muhammad. Ya yi imani da hadin kan [[Ƙuraishawa|Quraishawa]], kuma yana ganin sabon addinin Musulunci a matsayin sababin rarrabuwa da sabani. <ref name="haykal-p51" /> Saboda tsanantawa, Muhammadu ya umurci wasu mabiyansa da su yi hijira zuwa Abyssiniya.Lokacin da wasu tsirarun musulmai suka yi hijira, Umar ya damu da hadin kan Quraishawa a nan gaba, kuma ya yanke shawarar a kashe Muhammad. === Komawa zuwa Musulunci da hidima karkashin Muhammadu === Umar ya musulunta a shekara ta 616, shekara daya bayan hijira zuwa Habasha.An kawo labarin a cikin ''Sirah na'' Ibn Ishaq .A hanyarsa ta zuwa kashe Muhammad, Umar ya gamu da babban amininsa Nu'aym bn Abd Allah wanda ya musulunta a asirce amma bai gaya wa Umar ba.Da Umar ya ba shi labarin cewa ya yi niyyar zai je ya kashe Muhammadu, Nu’aym ya ce: “Wallahi ka yaudari kanka ya Umar!Kana tsammanin Banu Abd al-Manaf zasu bar ka da rai kana yawo da zarar ka kashe ɗansu Muhammad?Me ya sa ba za ka koma gidanku ba, ka daidaita shi a ƙalla?” Nuaimal Hakim ya ce masa ya tambayi gidansa inda yayarsa da mijinta suka musulunta.Da isarsa gidanta, Umar ya tarar da kanwarsa da kuma surukinsa [[Sa'id bin Zayd|Saeed bin Zaid]] (dan baffan Umar) yana karatun ayoyin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alqur'ani]] daga [[Surah|suratu]] Ta-Ha . sai ya fara husuma da surukinsa.Sa’ad da ‘yar’uwarsa ta zo ta ceci mijinta, sai itama ya soma rigiman da ita.Amma duk da haka suka ci gaba da cewa "za ka iya kashe mu amma ba za mu bar Musulunci ba".Jin wannan maganar, sai Umar ya mari kanwarsa da karfi har ta fadi kasa tana zubar da jini daga bakinta.Da yaga abin da ya yi wa ‘yar uwarsa, sai ya huce saboda laifin da ya aikata, sai ya ce ma ‘yar uwarsa ta ba shi abin da take karantawa.'Yar'uwarsa ta amsa, da cewa, "Kai marar tsarki ne, kuma ba mai ƙazanta da zai iya taɓa Nassi."Ya dage amma yayarsa bata shirya ta barshi ya taba shafukan ba sai dai idan ya wanke jikinsa.Daga karshe Umar ya yarda.Ya wanke jikinsa sannan ya fara karanta ayoyin da ke cewa: ''Lallai ni ne Allah: babu abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Ni; Sabõda haka ku bauta Mini, kuma ku tsayar da salla dõmin ambatoNa'' (Alƙur´ãni 20:14).Sai ya yi kuka ya ce, “Hakika wannan maganar Allah ce.Ina shaidawa Lallai Muhammadu Manzon Allah ne”.Da Jin haka, sai Khabbab ya fito daga ciki ya ce: “Ya Umar!Albishir a gare ka.Jiya Muhammad ya roki Allah, 'Ya Allah!Ka Qarfafa Musulunci da Umar ko Abu Jahal, duk wanda Kake so acikin su.Kamar dai an karɓa masa addu’arSa da kai ne .” Daga nan sai Umar ya je wurin Muhammad da takobin da ya yi niyyar kashe shi da shi, sai ya karbi Musulunci a gabansa da sahabbansa.Umar ya kasance yana da shekara 39 a duniya lokacin da ya musulunta. A cewar wani labari, bayan musuluntar sa, Umar yana Sallah a fili a dakin [[Kaaba|Ka'aba]] kamar yadda aka ruwaito shugabannin Quraishawa, Abu Jahl da [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]], suna kallon sa cikin fushi . Wannan kuma ya kara taimakawa musulmai wajen samun kwarin gwiwa wajen aiwatar da Musulunci a fili.A wannan mataki Umar ya ma kalubalanci duk wanda ya kuskura ya hana musulmai yin sallah, duk da cewa babu wanda ya kuskura ya yi wa Umar katsalandan a lokacin da yake salla a bayyane. Musuluntar Umar ya baiwa musulmai iko da karfi kuma imanin Musulunci a Makka.Bayan faruwar wannan ne musulmai suke gudanar da salloli a bayyane a [[Masjid al-Haram|masallacin Harami]] a karon farko.[[Abdullah ɗan Mas'ud|Abdullahi Ibn Masud]] yace: ==== Hijira zuwa Madina ==== A cikin shekara ta 622 CE, saboda amincin da Yathrib (daga baya aka sake masa suna Medinat an-Nabī, ko kuma [[Madinah|Madina]] kawai), Muhammad ya umurci mabiyansa su yi hijira zuwa garin Madina.Mafi yawan musulmai sun yi hijira da daddare ne saboda tsoron turjiya daga Quraishawa, amma an ruwaito Umar ya fita a fili da rana yana cewa: "Duk wanda yake son ya mayar da matarsa bazawara, 'ya'yansa marayu to ya zo ya same ni a bayan wannan dutse." Umar ya yi hijira zuwa Madina tare da rakiyar kaninsa kuma surukinsa [[Sa'id bin Zayd|Saeed bn Zaid]] . <ref name="Tahthib 2002 page 170" /> ==== Rayuwa a Madina ==== [[File:Sword_of_Umar_ibn_al-Khittab-mohammad_adil_rais.JPG|left|thumb|264x264px|Takobin Umar]] Lokacin da Muhammadu ya isa Madina, sai ya hada kowane dan hijira ( [[Muhajirun|Muhajir]] ) da daya daga cikin mazaunan garin ( Ansari ), ya hada Muhammad bn Maslamah tare da Umar, ya mai da su ‘yan uwa a musulunci.Daga baya a zamanin Umar a matsayin sa na khalifa, Muhammad bn Muslamah za a nada shi ofishin Babban insifecta na Accountability.Musulmai sun zauna lafiya a Madina kusan shekara guda kafin Quraishawa su kafa runduna ta kai musu hari.A shekara ta 624, Umar ya halarci yakin farko tsakanin musulmai da Quraishawa na Makka, watau [[Yaƙin Badar|yakin Badar]] .A shekara ta 625, ya halarci [[Yaƙin Uhudu|yakin Uhudu]] .A kashi na biyu na yakin, a lokacin da dakarun dawakan [[Khalid ibn al-Walid|Khalid bn Walid]] suka far wa musulmai na baya-bayan nan, inda suka karkata akalar yakin, aka yi ta yada jita-jitar mutuwar Muhammad, aka fatattaki mayakan musulmai da dama daga fagen fama, Umar yana cikinsu.Amma da jin cewa Muhammadu yana raye, sai ya je wurin Muhammad a dutsen Uhud ya shirya domin kare dutsen. Daga baya kuma a cikin shekarar Umar ya kasance wani bangare na yaki da kabilar Banu Nadir yahudawa .A shekara ta 625, aka aurar da ‘yar Umar [[Hafsa bint Umar|Hafsah]] ga Muhammad. Daga baya a shekara ta 627, ya halarci [[Yaƙin gwalalo|yakin mahara]] da kuma yakin Banu Qurayza . A shekara ta 628, Umar ya shaida [[yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyyah]] . <ref name="Maghazi" />A cikin shekara ta 628, ya yi faɗa a [[Yaƙin Khybar|yakin Khaybar]] .A shekara ta 629, Muhammadu ya aika Amr bn al-A'as zuwa Zaat-ul-Sallasal, bayan haka, Muhammad ya aiki [[Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah|Abu Ubaidah bn al-Jarrah]] da wasu dakaru da suka hada da Abubakar da Umar, inda suka kai farmaki suka fatattaki makiya. A shekara ta 630, lokacin da sojojin musulmai suka yi gaggawar [[Nasarar Makka|buge Makka]], yana cikin wannan rundunar.Daga baya a shekara ta 630, ya yi [[Yakin Hunayn|yakin Hunain]] da kewayen Ta'if .Yana cikin rundunar musulmai da suka fafata yakin Tabouk karkashin jagorancin Muhammad, kuma an ruwaito cewa ya bayar da rabin dukiyarsa domin shirya wannan balaguro.Ya kuma halarci aikin [[Aikin Hajji|Hajjin]] bankwana na Muhammad a shekara ta 632. ==== Wafatin Annabi Muhammad ==== Lokacin da Muhammadu ya rasu ranar 8 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 632 Umar ya karyata da farko cewa ya rasu. An ce Umar ya yi alkawarin sare kan duk mutumin da yace Muhammadu ya rasu<ref>as-Suyuti, The History of Khalifahs Who Took The Right Way, London, 1995, pp. 54–61.</ref>.Umar ya ce: “Bai mutu ba, sai dai ya tafi zuwa ga ubangijinsa ne kamar yadda Annabi [[Musa]] (A.S) ya tafi, ya bar mutanensa da dare arba’in bayan ya koma wurinsu.Wallahi manzon Allah hakika zai dawo kamar yadda Musa ya koma (zuwa ga mutanensa) kuma sai ya yanke hannaye da kafafuwan wadanda suka yi ikrarin ya rasu.<ref>"The Biography of Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq". 2007 – via Internet Archive.</ref>” Sai [[Abubakar]] ya fito fili ya yi magana da jama’a a cikin masallaci, yana mai cewa: " Ya Umar, kazauna. Se yace, Ya ku mutane!!! Wanda Allah yake bautawa, muna sheda muku Allah baya mutuwa, amma Wanda yake bautawa Muhammadu (SAW) to hakika muna sheda masa yau kam ya Rasu ya bar Duniya. <ref name="http://sunnah.com/bukhari/62/19" /> Da jin haka sai Umar ya durkusa kan gwiwowinsa cikin baqin ciki da yarda.Musulmai Ahlus-Sunnah sun ce wannan musun mutuwar Muhammadu ya faru ne saboda tsananin kaunarsa gare shi. <ref name="Suyuti54-61" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} a9w1flqykrqpz2y9lciuaycanwpc6di 0 8329 967937 967831 2026-10-15T18:24:37Z Kamaf001 48297 967937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Malala, Ziauddin Yousafzai and USAID Staffs at 2013 UNGA.jpg|thumb|Dangote da wasu mutane]] [[File:Dredging vessel at work at Dangote refinery site, Lekki Lagos State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Kamfanin dangote]] [[File:Aliko Dangote Petroleum Company 03.jpg|thumb|Kamfanin fetur na Dangote]] [[Fayil:Aliko Dangote Petroleum Company 03.jpg|thumb|gidan aliko dangote]] Rukunin kamfanoni na '''Dangote''' ko '''Dangote Group''' kamfani ne na hadaka a [[Najeriya]] mallakin babban attajirin na mai suna Alhaji<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dangotecement.com/careers/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-07 |archive-date=2023-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702140121/https://www.dangotecement.com/careers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ((Aliko Dangote)). Shi ne babban kamfani a yankin [[Afirka ta yamma]] kuma Yana daya daga cikin manya a nahiyar [[Afirka]]. Kuma Kamfanin ayanzu ya samar wa da mutane aikin yi a kalla sun kai dubu dari uku (300,000) An samar da kamfanin ne a shekara ta alif Dari Tara da tamanin da daya wato (1981) da farko domin [[kasuwanci]] inda ya fara da shigo da sikari da siminti da [[shinkafa]] da [[kifi]] da sauran kayayyakin masarufi na bukatun yau da kullum don rarrabawa a kasuwannin dakumah yan kasuwah na Najeriya. Kamfanin ya cigaba ya zama babbban kamfanin da ke sarrafawa tare da samar da kayayyaki a shekara ta alif Dari tara da cassa,in da daya 1991, ya fara da yin saka ta tufafi, dakumah sarrafa fulawa, sai sarrafa gishiri, sarrafa sukari. Daga nan kamfanin ya bunkasa zuwa samar da kamfanin sarrafa siminti. Kamfanin ya bunkasa zuwa sauran sassa na nahiyar Afrika dama duniya baki daya. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dangoterefinery.org/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-07 |archive-date=2023-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162322/https://www.dangoterefinery.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A yanzu rukunin yana tafiyar da kamfanoni sama da goma sha,takwas 18 a kasahen Afrika guda goma. Babbar cibiyar rukunun kamfanonin Dangote tana jihar [[Lagos]] a Najeriya. == Tarihin kamfanin == Aliko dangote ne ya kafa kamfanin bayan samun rance na dalar [[Amurika]] $3,000 daga hannun kawunsa. Ya fara ne da sayar da kayan [[abinci]] daga bisani kuma ya cigaba zuwa shigo da kayayyaki ta jirgin ruwa kamar siminti sikari da daisauransu. A yazu kamfanin yayi suna kumah ya bunkasa sosai a Nahiyar Afrika. Kamfanin na samarwa tare da kasuwancin Shinkafa, Sikari, Fulawa, taliya, kayan ruwa, man fetur da iskar gas, samar da rukunun gidaje, harkar sadarwa, takin zamani da karafa. == Rarrabuwar Kamfani == Kamfanin wanda ya shahara a huldar kasuwar duniya ta hada-hadar hannayen jari 'Stock Exchange' ya rarrabu zuwa kasashen [[Benin]], [[Kamaru]], [[Ghana]], [[Najeriya]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da [[Zambiya]] Kamfanin sikari na Dangote shi ne babban kamfanin sikari a yankin Afrika makusantan [[Sahara]].<ref></ref> Ayanzu kamfanin Dangote yasai da hannun jari ga al'ummar Qasar Nigeria Dan temakawa dakumah samar da abinyi tahanyar sanya kudi ah juya Dan amfanin yau da kullum. == Manazarta == {{DEFAULTSORT:Dangote}} [[Category:Kamfanoni]] [[Category:Hausawa]] ipow9je2l5kqf5801zzufob4hvo53x9 967938 967937 2026-10-15T18:25:07Z Kamaf001 48297 967938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Malala, Ziauddin Yousafzai and USAID Staffs at 2013 UNGA.jpg|thumb|Dangote da wasu mutane]] [[File:Dredging vessel at work at Dangote refinery site, Lekki Lagos State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Kamfanin dangote]] [[File:Aliko Dangote Petroleum Company 03.jpg|thumb|Kamfanin fetur na Dangote]] [[Fayil:Aliko Dangote Petroleum Company 03.jpg|thumb|gidan aliko dangote]] Rukunin kamfanoni na '''Dangote''' ko '''Dangote Group''' kamfani ne na hadaka a [[Najeriya]] mallakin babban attajirin na mai suna Alhaji<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dangotecement.com/careers/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-07 |archive-date=2023-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702140121/https://www.dangotecement.com/careers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ((Aliko Dangote)). Shi ne babban kamfani a yankin [[Afirka ta yamma]] kuma Yana daya daga cikin manya a nahiyar [[Afirka]]. Kuma Kamfanin ayanzu ya samar wa da mutane aikin yi a kalla sun kai dubu dari uku (300,000) An samar da kamfanin ne a shekara ta alif Dari Tara da tamanin da daya wato (1981) da farko domin [[kasuwanci]] inda ya fara da shigo da sikari da siminti da [[shinkafa]] da [[kifi]] da sauran kayayyakin masarufi na bukatun yau da kullum don rarrabawa a kasuwannin dakumah yan kasuwah na Najeriya. Kamfanin ya cigaba ya zama babbban kamfanin da ke sarrafawa tare da samar da kayayyaki a shekara ta alif Dari tara da cassa,in da daya alif 1991, ya fara da yin saka ta tufafi, dakumah sarrafa fulawa, sai sarrafa gishiri, sarrafa sukari. Daga nan kamfanin ya bunkasa zuwa samar da kamfanin sarrafa siminti. Kamfanin ya bunkasa zuwa sauran sassa na nahiyar Afrika dama duniya baki daya. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dangoterefinery.org/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-07 |archive-date=2023-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162322/https://www.dangoterefinery.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A yanzu rukunin yana tafiyar da kamfanoni sama da goma sha,takwas 18 a kasahen Afrika guda goma. Babbar cibiyar rukunun kamfanonin Dangote tana jihar [[Lagos]] a Najeriya. == Tarihin kamfanin == Aliko dangote ne ya kafa kamfanin bayan samun rance na dalar [[Amurika]] $3,000 daga hannun kawunsa. Ya fara ne da sayar da kayan [[abinci]] daga bisani kuma ya cigaba zuwa shigo da kayayyaki ta jirgin ruwa kamar siminti sikari da daisauransu. A yazu kamfanin yayi suna kumah ya bunkasa sosai a Nahiyar Afrika. Kamfanin na samarwa tare da kasuwancin Shinkafa, Sikari, Fulawa, taliya, kayan ruwa, man fetur da iskar gas, samar da rukunun gidaje, harkar sadarwa, takin zamani da karafa. == Rarrabuwar Kamfani == Kamfanin wanda ya shahara a huldar kasuwar duniya ta hada-hadar hannayen jari 'Stock Exchange' ya rarrabu zuwa kasashen [[Benin]], [[Kamaru]], [[Ghana]], [[Najeriya]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da [[Zambiya]] Kamfanin sikari na Dangote shi ne babban kamfanin sikari a yankin Afrika makusantan [[Sahara]].<ref></ref> Ayanzu kamfanin Dangote yasai da hannun jari ga al'ummar Qasar Nigeria Dan temakawa dakumah samar da abinyi tahanyar sanya kudi ah juya Dan amfanin yau da kullum. == Manazarta == {{DEFAULTSORT:Dangote}} [[Category:Kamfanoni]] [[Category:Hausawa]] o0dhwqhcwps7z9b4nww5d242e03ffcq 0 9027 967845 892629 2026-10-15T13:48:10Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* */ 967845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:A signpost at Sabon Gari Chori.jpg|thumb|A_signpost_at_Sabon_Gari_Chori]] [[File:Sabon Gari Post Office Zaria, Kaduna State.jpg|thumb|Sabon_Gari_Post_Office_Zaria,_Kaduna_State]] [[File:Cleaning exercise for world cleap day 2023 05.jpg|thumb|Cleaning_exercise_for_world_cleap_day_2023_05]] [[File:Hoton Kasuwar Sabon Gari.png|thumb|Hoton_Kasuwar_Sabon_Gari]] [[File:Sabon Gari Market Kano.jpg|thumb|Sabon_Gari_Market_Kano]] [[File:ECWA Church Sabon Gari Kafanchan.jpg|thumb|ECWA_Church_Sabon_Gari_Kafanchan]] Karamar hukumar '''Sabon Gari''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukuma ce]] a [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna a]] [[Najeriya]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mortimore |first=M.J |title=Zaria and it's regions: A. Nigerian Savannah city and it's environs |publisher=Department of Geography, Ahmadu Bello University, zaria |year=1970}}</ref> Yana daya daga cikin kananan hukumomin da ke cikin birnin garin [[Zariya]] sannan kuma daya ne daga cikin gundumomin masarautar kasar [[Zazzau]] . Birnin da koma kauye dogarawa, bomo, basawa, zabi, Samaru, kwari, Barashi, Mucchiya da Palladan. Majalisar karamar hukumar na karkashin jagorancin Alhaji Mohammed Usman. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020-03-10 |title=Three to die by hanging in Zaria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/three-to-die-by-hanging-in-zaria/ |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Yawan jama'a == Karamar hukumar Sabon Gari tana da yawan jama'a da kiyasin mutane 204,562. Garuruwan sun karbi bakoncin mutane daban-daban na kabilu daban-daban. Babban harshen da ake amfani da shi shi ne harshen Hausa yayin da Musulunci da Kiristanci su ne addinan da ake yi a tsakanin mutanen yankin. == Geography == Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 32 ° C, tare da manyan yanayi guda biyu waɗanda suke bushe da damina. == Tattalin Arziki == Kasuwanci wani muhimmin aiki ne na tattalin arziki na Sabon Gari inda yankin ya mallaki kasuwanni da dama irin su Samaru zariya da manyan kasuwannin Sabon Gari wanda ke jan hankalin dubban kwastomomi kamar saye da sayarwa. Gida ne na ɗalibai da ayyukan ilimi tare da ayyukan noma masu fa'ida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3u5cxw20lzo5qxu0om2nd8bvm374s1d 967846 967845 2026-10-15T13:52:37Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Tattalin Arziki */ 967846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:A signpost at Sabon Gari Chori.jpg|thumb|A_signpost_at_Sabon_Gari_Chori]] [[File:Sabon Gari Post Office Zaria, Kaduna State.jpg|thumb|Sabon_Gari_Post_Office_Zaria,_Kaduna_State]] [[File:Cleaning exercise for world cleap day 2023 05.jpg|thumb|Cleaning_exercise_for_world_cleap_day_2023_05]] [[File:Hoton Kasuwar Sabon Gari.png|thumb|Hoton_Kasuwar_Sabon_Gari]] [[File:Sabon Gari Market Kano.jpg|thumb|Sabon_Gari_Market_Kano]] [[File:ECWA Church Sabon Gari Kafanchan.jpg|thumb|ECWA_Church_Sabon_Gari_Kafanchan]] Karamar hukumar '''Sabon Gari''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukuma ce]] a [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna a]] [[Najeriya]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mortimore |first=M.J |title=Zaria and it's regions: A. Nigerian Savannah city and it's environs |publisher=Department of Geography, Ahmadu Bello University, zaria |year=1970}}</ref> Yana daya daga cikin kananan hukumomin da ke cikin birnin garin [[Zariya]] sannan kuma daya ne daga cikin gundumomin masarautar kasar [[Zazzau]] . Birnin da koma kauye dogarawa, bomo, basawa, zabi, Samaru, kwari, Barashi, Mucchiya da Palladan. Majalisar karamar hukumar na karkashin jagorancin Alhaji Mohammed Usman. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020-03-10 |title=Three to die by hanging in Zaria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/three-to-die-by-hanging-in-zaria/ |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Yawan jama'a == Karamar hukumar Sabon Gari tana da yawan jama'a da kiyasin mutane 204,562. Garuruwan sun karbi bakoncin mutane daban-daban na kabilu daban-daban. Babban harshen da ake amfani da shi shi ne harshen Hausa yayin da Musulunci da Kiristanci su ne addinan da ake yi a tsakanin mutanen yankin. == Geography == Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 32 ° C, tare da manyan yanayi guda biyu waɗanda suke bushe da damina. == Tattalin Arziki == Kasuwanci ya kasance Abu Mai mahimmanci na tattalin arzikin Sabon Gari inda akwai kasuwanni da dama a wannan yanki, irin su Samaru zariya da manyan kasuwannin Sabon Gari wanda ke jan hankalin dubban kwastomomi kamar saye da sayarwa. Gida ne na ɗalibai da ayyukan ilimi tare da ayyukan noma masu fa'ida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} izwf3fmw5jjtlmh3l3cb1l43cnuiv2o 0 9033 968195 967589 2026-10-16T10:28:54Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Matsakaicin Zazzabi */ 968195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ikara''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|ƙaramar hukuma]] ce (LGA) cikin [[Kaduna (jiha)|kananan hukumomi Dake Jihar Kaduna]], a arewacin [[Najeriya]], tana da kimanin kilomita(85&nbsp;km) arewa maso gabas daga birnin [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]] . Ikara ta ƙunshi kauyuka da ke tsakanin 10°2¹ zuwa 11°5¹ arewa .wadanda suka hada da : Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, da Pala. Majalisar ƙaramar hukumar na ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hon Bashir Mammman Dogon koli. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-07 |title=Kaduna LG Polls: APC humbles PDP, wins 15 chairmanship seats |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/483524-kaduna-lg-polls-apc-humbles-pdp-wins-15-chairmanship-seats.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ƙabilu == [[Hausawa]] da [[Fulani]] sune kabilu Mafi rinjaye a garin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History – Ikara Local Government Council |url=http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922125107/http://ikaralgc.kd.gov.ng/history/ |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Musulunci da Kiristanci sune addinai Mafi rinjaye a garin. Alummar wannan yanki sun kasan ce manoma. Suna noma amfañin gona da suka hada da masara, gero, Wake, Waken Soya, Shinkafa, Rogo, Tumatir, Rake, da sauran kayayyakin amfanin gona da dama.<ref>Koslow, Phillip (1995). Hausaland: the Fortress Kingdom, Kingdom of Africa. New york: Chelsea House publisher.</ref> == Tarihin kafa karamar hukumar Ikara daga tsohuwar hukumar Zariya bayan gyaran kananan hukumomin da aka yi a shekarar 1976 a lokacin halitta. Ya ƙunshi gundumomin Ikara, Kubua da Makarfi. == Yanayin muhallin ɗan adam a Ikara yana samun tasiri ne sosai ta yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. An samo asali ne tun a shekara ta 1808 lokacin da [[Jukunawa|mutanen Jukun]] suka zauna a garin Ikara. Bakin haure ne da suka gudo daga Kano sakamakon ƙauracewa harin malaman Musulmi saboda kin karbar Musulunci. Sun sauka a karkashin tsaunin Ikara (Dutse Lungu) ki wani dan lokaci kadan daga baya suka sauka a wani fili kusa da dutsen. An yi imani da cewa al'ummar Jukun su ne suka kafa garin Ikara kuma suka sanya masa suna "Ikara" wanda ke nufin "bari a boye a nan" ko kuma "wuri" a [[Yarukan Jukun|yaren Jukun]]<ref>Daboh, Yusuf (1996). the pre -colonial Era of IkaraLand. kaduna.</ref> . Maguzawa mutane ne waɗanda asalin arna ne ko kuma waɗanda za su iya komawa Kiristanci daga baya a ƙarni na 20. Asalinsu maguzawa mutanen Hausa ne da aka fi samun su a yankunan Katsina, Kano da arewacin Zariya.<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBA programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref><ref>Smith, Mary (1981). The Baba of Karo: A woman of the Muslim Hause. Conn: Yale university Press.</ref> Hausawa da fulani suna kiransu da sunan “maguzawa” bayan jihadi saboda basu yarda da addinin musulunci ba amma sun ci gaba da bautar arna. Sai dai galibin wadannan mutanen da ake kira maguzawa sun koma Kirista, kuma irin wadannan ba za a iya kiransu da maguzawa a ma'anar kalmar Musulunci ta hakika ba; duk da haka sunan ya dawwama An ce fulani sun zo sun zauna a yankin ne saboda dalilai na muhalli. Bafullatani wadanda akasarinsu Bororuji(masu yawo) sun zo ikara ne saboda garin ya dace da kiwo, watakila sun nemi tserewa daga biyan harajin jangali ga sarakunan yankinsu, tare da dimbin iyali. Sai dai bisa ga al’adar baka, duk da wadannan matsugunai, ba za a iya daukar ikara a matsayin gari ba, domin babu wani takamaimai mai mulki a garin, sai a shekarar 1879, lokacin da magaji Abubakar, wanda ya fito daga garin kura, a jihar Kano. Ya tsara matsugunai zuwa gari, ya zama Hakimin kauye na farko a shekarar 1897. Shehu kwasau, sarkin zazzau (sarkin zazzau) ya nada sa a matsayin hakimin kauye mai taken “Dagachin ikara” == Tsarin Gudanarwa == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta kunshi gundumomi guda biyu wato: * gundumar Ikara * gundumar Paki Yana da sassa shida (6), wadanda su ne kamar haka. * Sashen Ma'aikata * Ma'aikatar Kudi & Supply * Sashen Ayyuka * Sashen Noma * Sashen Lafiya * Sashen Ilimi == Noma == Wannan Karamar Hukuma ta dogara ne akan noma da kiwon shanu. Ikara yana da karfi rabo na aiki bisa ga shekaru da jima'i. Mazauna wannan yanki sun kasance manoma da 'yan kasuwa. Matan Ikara suna samun kudi ta hanyar sarrafa abinci da sayar da kayan abinci a gida ko kasuwanni. == Yanayi == Lokacin damina yana da zalunci kuma yana da yawa, tare da yanayin zafi daga 53&nbsp;°F zuwa 97&nbsp;°F. Yanayin zafi yana bambanta a cikin shekara, kodayake galibi a lokacin rani. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ikara Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/58577/Average-Weather-in-Ikara-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ikara, Kaduna, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/kaduna/ikara |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Atlas |first=Weather |title=Yearly & Monthly weather - Ikara, Nigeria |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/ikara-climate |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=Weather Atlas |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Matsakaicin Zazzabi === Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin rana a lokacin zafi na watanni (1.9), wanda ke gudana daga Maris 7 zuwa Mayu 4, ya haura 94&nbsp;°F. Afrilu shine watan da ya fi zafi a shekara a Ikara, tare da yanayin zafi na 96&nbsp;°F da ƙananan zafin jiki na 71&nbsp;°F. Matsakaicin yawan zafin rana a lokacin sanyi na watanni 2.8, wanda ke gudana daga Yuli 6 zuwa Satumba 29, yana ƙasa da 85&nbsp;°F. Disamba shi ne watan mafi sanyi a shekara a Ikara, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 84&nbsp;°F da ƙasan 55&nbsp;°F. <ref name=":1"/> 1/3 na matasan unguwar Ikara suna shanya tumatur, da kowane irin barkono == Ilimi == Akwai Makarantun Sakandire goma sha uku a wannan Karamar Hukuma:<ref>Shehu, Umar (2011). Assessment of the UBE programme: A case study of Ikara Local Government.</ref> - * Government Science Secondary School, Ikara * Government Girls Secondary School Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Koyar da Sana'a ta Gwamnati, Ikara * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pala * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Auchan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Pakistan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Jamfalan * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Malikanchi * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Danlawal * Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati, Rumi * Ikara Comprehensive Academy (Private) * Raising Star Academy Ikara (Masu zaman kansu) * Emmanuel Nursery, Primary and Secondary School, Gidan Tanko Jamfalan (Private). Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati Ikara shahararriyar makarantar sakandire ce da ke aiki a cikin garin Ikara, makarantar tana da matsayi mai girma a fannin samar da ilimi mai inganci. == Cibiyoyin Kuɗi == Akwai banki a Ikara kuma Lead way Assurance ita ce sauran cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi a Ikara LGA Financial Resources * Unity Bank Reshen Ikara * Bank of Agriculture (BOA) * Babban Bankin Najeriya * Rabon Dokokin Tarayya wanda ake karɓa kowane wata. * Ana samun kudaden shiga na ciki daga kasuwanni, manya masu haraji da wuraren shakatawa na motoci. == Hukumomin Gwamnati == * Hukumar Lantarki na Karkara (REB) * [[Ofishin Gidan Waya na Najeriya|NIPOST]] * NPC * NITEL * Hukumar Ruwa == Siffofin Geographical == Babu wani yanayi na musamman a Karamar Hukumar tana da iyaka da Karamar Hukumar Makarfi a Yamma, Soba a Kudu, Tudun Wada a Jihar Kano a Arewa. Kubau ta Kudu == Babban ofishin == Ikara, Wanda babban gari ne hedkwatar == Kayayyakin Lafiya == Akwai cikakkun cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya guda biyar da kuma asibitoci arba'in da bakwai dake cikin wannan yanki. * General Hospital, Ikara * Babban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya, Paki * Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Auchan Akwai Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya a ƙarƙashin Ikara LGs masu Cibiyoyin Lafiya huɗu da ke Ikara kanta. == Masana'antu == Kamfanin sarrafa abinci na Ikara (Tumato) == Ma'aikatar shari'a == Karamar hukumar tana da kotuna guda uku a hedkwatar Ikara, wato: * Kotun Majistare * Babbar Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Shari'a * Kotun Al'ada == Albarkatun Ma'adinai == * Dutse mai daraja * Adadin farar ƙasa. == Mutane == Hausawa/Fulani == Yawan jama'a == mutane 194,723 (ƙidayar 2006) == Adireshin gidan waya == PMB 1101, Ikara == Addini == Musulunci shi ne addini mafi rinjaye. == Abubuwan Shaƙatawa == Makarantu da manyan makarantu suna ba da filin wasa don wasanni da abubuwan nishaɗi a cikin LGA == Hanyar Sadarwa == Aikin gina titi ya samu kulawa a lokacin Gwamna Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi. Ana lissafta hanyoyi a kasa: * Ikara – Tashan Yari Road * Ikara – Panbeguwa Road * Anchau-Kudaru Road * Paki Kwanan Dangora Road * Hanyar Anchau- Banki- Wagaho * Ikara –Tudun Wada of Kano State Road * Kurmin Kogi-Yan Marmara Road * Ikara – Zaria Road * Ikara –Furana-Dan Lawal == Makarantar Sakandare == Akwai biyu daga cikinsu wato * Makarantar Fasaha ta Lafiya, Pambeguwa (an koma Kubau) * Cibiyar hadin gwiwa Ikara == Sarakunan Gargajiya == Hakimai na gundumomi ne ke gudanar da waɗannan yankuna. Su ne: * Gundumar Ikara * Kurmin Kogi * Gundumar Paki * JanFalan * Gundumar Pala == Hankalin yawon bude ido == Karamar hukumar ta cika da wasu duwatsu da magudanan ruwa na Kogi. == Garuruwa da Kauyuka == Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, Pala, Saulawa, Rumi, Saya-saya, Kuya == Ruwa == Dam ruwan Ikara == Yan siyasa == * [[Hon. Sani Ahmed Ikara]] * Hon. Abdullahi Adamu * Hon. Tsoho Abubakar * Hon. Halliru Sambo * Hon. Tijjani Sani Paki * Hon. Gambo Lawal Auchan * Hon. Yusuf Bature Aliyu Auchan * Hon. Magaji Mudi Ikara * Hon. Alhassan Muhammad Datti * Hon. Yusuf Bala Ikara * Hon. Muhammad Dayyabu Paki * Hon. Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu * Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli Hon. Bashir Mamman Dogon Koli shi ne Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Ikara da ke Jihar Kaduna a yanzu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lf42cqgviry6h99d4uagsflidqyly32 0 9042 967939 967769 2026-10-15T18:25:48Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Yawan jama'a */ 967939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:ECWA Church Sabon Sarki.jpg|thumb|ECWA_Church_Sabon_Sarki]] [[File:Singa roundabout-Kaduna.jpg|thumb|Singa_roundabout-Kaduna]] [[File:Malam Agwai Hall 2.jpg|thumb|Malam_Agwai_Hall_2]] [[File:Highlands in Kachia.jpg|thumb|kachia]] [[File:Cross junction at Jaban Kogo.jpg|thumb|Cross_junction_at_Jaban_Kogo]]'''Kachia''' ( Adara: '''''Akhwee''''' ) karamar hukuma ce a kudancin [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|jihar]] [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin Kachia.<ref>"Quantitative and Qualitative Appraisals of Aquifer Properties in Kachia Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria"</ref> Tana da yanki 4,570&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a cikin ƙidayar 2006. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 802.<ref>"Kaduna State of Nigeria". City Population. Retrieved September 26, 2020</ref> == Iyakoki == Karamar hukumar Kachia tana da iyaka da [[Zangon Kataf|karamar hukumar Zangon Kataf]] daga gabas, [[Kajuru|karamar hukumar Kajuru]] a arewa maso gabas, karamar hukumar [[Kagarko]] ta kudu, [[Chikun|karamar]] hukumar [[Jaba]] a kudu maso gabas, karamar hukumar Chikun daga arewa maso yamma da [[Neja|jihar Neja.]] zuwa yamma, bi da bi.<ref>"Latest violence in Southern Kaduna Longest on record - Report". Premium Times. February 12, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2020.</ref><ref>"Kaduna-State-Political-Map". Voice of Nigeria. Retrieved August 7, 2020</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin gudanarwa == Karamar hukumar Kachia ta kunshi gundumomi 12 (bangaren gudanarwa na biyu) ko yankunan zabe, wato:<ref>"Kachia, Kaduna State, Nigeria". Retrieved September 25, 2020</ref> # Agunu # Ankwa # Awon # Bishini # Dokwa # Gidan Tagwai # Gumel # Kachiya # Katari # Kurmin Musa # Kwaturu # Sabon Sarki (Ghiing) == Yawan jama'a == Karamar hukumar '''Kachia''' bisa kididdigar da aka yi a ranar 21 ga watan Maris a shekarar 2006 ta kasance 252,568. [https://citypopulation.de/php/nigeria-admin.php?adm1id=NGA019, ''Hukumar Kididdiga ta Najeriya da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Kasa''] ta yi hasashen yawanta zai kai 340,900 nan da 21 ga Maris, 2016. == Mutane == Mutanen Kachia sun hada da manya, [[Adarawa|Adara]], [[Gbagyi]] da [[Mutanen Ham|Ham]] . Sauran sun hada da: Bajju, [[Mutanen Bakulu|Bakulu]], Hausa da sauransu.<ref>"Kachia Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 2023-09-10.</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Citta itace babban amfanin gona na tattalin arziki a karamar hukumar Kachia saboda yawan amfanin gonar da ake samu a kasa. Sauran kayayyakin amfanin gona sun hada da masara, dawa, gero da waken soya. Garin Kachia kuma na daya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwa a kudancin [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] inda ’yan kasuwa kanana da matsakaitan sana’o’i daban-daban ke ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin jihar da ma kasa baki daya.<ref>"Kachia, Kaduna, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data". tcktcktck.org. Retrieved 2023-09-10.</ref> == Addini == [[Kiristanci]] ne ya fi yawan mabiya a karamar hukumar '''Kachia''' . Ana kuma yin [[Musulunci|addinin Islama]], yayin da addinin gargajiya na Afirka ke da yawan mabiya. == Fitattun mutane == * [[Martin Luther Agwai]], ma'aikatan soja == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Kaduna State}} hg90be4f96pudv9zro58ltk8i6np53z 0 10760 967945 967777 2026-10-15T19:02:03Z Kamaf001 48297 967945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Agwam Fantswam II with KD Dep. Gov.jpg|thumb|sabuwa bakarabe]] [[Fayil:Agwam Fantswam II with KD Dep. Gov (cropped).jpg|thumb|Agwam fantswaem]] '''Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe''' [[Dan Nijeriya|Yar'Najeriya]] ce, kuma yar'siyasa, wanda aka zaba tazama mataimakiyar gwamnan [[Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya]]. An kuma zaɓe ta tareda da tsohon gwamna wato malam Nasiru Ahmad El rufa'i ra ta dubu biyu da Sha Tara 2019, karkashin jam'iyar [[All Progressive Congress|APC]].<ref>[https://www.blueprint.ng/2019-which-way-southern-kaduna "2019, Which way Southern Kaduna?"] ''[[Blueprint]]'' Retrieved 28 February, 2019.</ref><ref>Aza MSUE. [https://www.leadership.ng/2019/03/12/deputy-governor-elect-hadiza-balarabe-chairs-kaduna-transition-commitee "Duputy Governor-elect Hadiza Balarabe Chairs Transition Committee 2019"]{{Dead link|date=October 2022|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} ''[[Leadership_(newspaper)]]'' Kaduna State. Retrieved 12 March 2019</ref><ref>https://ng.opera.news/tags/aGFkaXphLXNhYnV3YS1iYWxhcmFiZS1oYWRpemE={{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/politics/8af9b04b39cc9349e72837ad0d937d03{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba, a shekara ta 2019, a matsayinta na mataimakiya gwamna, ta gabatar da kasafin kudin sabuwar shekara ta 2020 na gwamnatin jihar Kaduna a gaban [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kaduna|majalisar dokokin jihar]] [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta taba yin hakan a [[Arewacin Najeriya]].<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/357818-for-the-record-full-speech-by-kaduna-acting-governor-on-presentation-of-2020-budget.html</ref><ref>https://dailypost.ng/2020/04/23/kaduna-deputy-governor-hadiza-balarabe-warns-public-against-internet-scammers/</ref> A shekarar 2022, ta yi burin tsayawa takarar gwamna a zaben 2023 amma ta janye, aka zabe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar dan takarar jam’iyyar APC, Sanata [[Uba Sani]].<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/kaduna-guber-uba-sani-announces-hadiza-balarabe-deputy-governor-as-running-mate</ref><ref>https://www.blueprint.ng/the-making-of-nigerias-first-female-governor/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221211851/https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |archive-date=2023-02-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2023, an sake zabar ta a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamna. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Hadiza haifaffiyar gidan Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe ne a karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] ta jihar [[Kaduna]]. Ta Yi karatu a makarantar ‘yan mata ta Dake Soba, sannan ta samu admission a babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri|Jami’ar Maiduguri]] inda ta yi karatun likitanci sannan ta kammala MBBS a 1986.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ daga asali https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/</ref> == Farkon Rayuwa da Ilimi == An haifi Hadiza Balarabe a cikin iyalin Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe da ke yankin karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] na [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] . Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Duniyar, Kagoro, Jihar Kaduna a 1977 inda ta sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a 1982, <ref name=":0"/> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita [[Musulmi]] ce. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a shekarar alif 1982, <ref name=":0" /> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a shekarar alif 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> An haifi Hadiza Balarabe a cikin iyalin Alhaji Abubakar Balarabe da ke yankin karamar hukumar [[Sanga]] na [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] . Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Duniyar, Kagoro,A Jihar Kaduna a shekarar alif 1977 inda ta sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Ta ci gaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Gwamnati a Soba, yanzu da aka sani da Makarantar Kimiyya ta 'yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Soba don karatun sakandare kuma ta sami Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a shekarar alif 1982, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Ngozi Odu, Hadiza Balarabe, Patricia Obila and oda women wey be Deputy govnors for Nigeria |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c519336n1wdo |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Daga nan sai ta shiga cikin babbar [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] don karatun likita kuma ta kammala karatun MBBS a shekarar alif 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor – Kaduna State Government |url=https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014236/https://kdsg.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita [[Musulmi]] ce. == Political Career == A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 2019, a matsayin mukaddashin gwamna,ta gabatar da kasafin kudin Sabuntawa na Gwamnatin Jihar Kaduna na shekarar 2020 ga Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kadun, don haka ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi hakan a [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]]. A cikin shekarar 2022, tayi farin ciki da yin takara a matsayin gwamna a lokacin [[Zaben Najeriya na 2023|Babban zaben 2023]] amma ta janye kuma an zaba ta a matsayin abokin takara ga All Progressives Congress, dan takarar yarjejeniyar APC, Sanata [[Uba Sani]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-07 |title=Top 5 influential female politicians in Nigeria you may not know |url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=NewsWireNGR |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221211851/https://newswirengr.com/2022/04/07/top-5-influential-female-politicians-in-nigeria-you-may-not-know/ |archive-date=2023-02-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> .A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, an sake zabar ta mataimakiyar gwamna. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}}{{reflist}} {{Stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Balarabe, Hadiza Sabuwa}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan siyasa]] 4s7s4p60qygf3rtwrh96zvaseif9sg4 0 13243 968012 943584 2026-10-15T23:00:41Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376503194|Umar Gombe]]" 968012 wikitext text/x-wiki Umar Sani Labaran (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1983), wanda aka fi sani da Umar Gombe, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, Mai shirya fim-finai, kuma darektan fina-fakka na [1] wanda ya fito a cikin fina-fukkuna sama da ɗari da kuma shirye-shiryen talabijin da wasan kwaikwayo. Gombe shine manajan shirin farko na Northflix, aikace-aikacen watsa shirye-shiryen fim na Hausa.[2] Ya fito a fina-finai, shirye-shiryen talabijin, shirye-aikacen rediyo, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. An zabi shi a matsayin mafi kyawun mai ba da tallafi sau da yawa kuma ya lashe wasu kyaututtuka da yawa == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Gombe a cikin iyalin Kano a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1983, a [[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]] . Shi ne ɗan Malam Sani Labaran, manomi, dattijo kuma memba na Arewa Consultative Forum . Daga 1986 zuwa 1998, ya halarci makarantar jariri, firamare, da sakandare a [[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]], sannan wani ɓangare na [[Bauchi (jiha)|Jihar Bauchi]]. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Jami'ar Bayero Kano da Cibiyar Nazarin Kwamfuta ta Duniya, inda ya sami difloma a cikin gwamnati da kuma sarrafa bayanai da fasahar bayanai bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=HausaFilms.TV |date=2018-07-12 |title=Umar Gombe HausaFilms.TV - Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities |url=http://hausafilms.tv/actor/umar_gombe |access-date=2022-09-11 |publisher=HausaFilms.TV}}</ref> Gombe tana da digiri na farko na kimiyya a cikin fasahar bayanai da tsarin bayanai na kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Middlesex, Dubai, kuma daga baya ta shiga cikin shirin MBA a Jami'ar National Open ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |date=2021-05-21 |title=I would have become a model if I was not an actor - Umar Gombe - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDS0Y0-ysuY |access-date=2022-09-11 |publisher=Daily Trust}}</ref> A cikin 2014, Gombe ta shiga cikin shirin horar da fina-finai a Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Asiya, Noida a [[Indiya]], Shirin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=IFCPC |date=2018-05-12 |title=Indo Nigerian Film Association Moves Further Under ICMEI |url=http://ifcpc.com/indo-nigerian-film-association-moves-further-under-icmei/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923145900/http://ifcpc.com/indo-nigerian-film-association-moves-further-under-icmei/ |archive-date=2022-09-23 |access-date=2022-09-23 |publisher=IFCPC}}</ref> tare da sauran 'yan wasan [[Kannywood]] kamar [[Falalu A Dorayi]], [[Ali Nuhu]], [[Ishaq Sidi Ishaq]] da Ibrahim Mandawari . == Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo == Gombe ya fara fitowa a fina-finai na Hausa a shekara ta 2001 tare da ''Shaida'', daga ƙarshe ya zama babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a fina-fukki na Fasaha kafin ya koma ISI Films, wanda sanannen Mai shirya fim-fakka na [[Ishaq Sidi Ishaq]] ya kafa, kuma daga baya Kumbo Productions, wanda ya samar da fim din ''Sanafahna'', wanda aka harbe shi a Najeriya da [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]]. Ya bayyana a fina-finai da yawa na Kumbo Productions, ciki har da ''Armala'', ''Noor'', da ''Sanafahna'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=HausaFilms.TV |title=Umar Gombe HausaFilms.TV - Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities |url=http://hausafilms.tv/actor/umar_gombe |access-date=2022-09-11 |publisher=HausaFilms.TV}}</ref> Gombe ya zama sananne bayan ya bayyana a fim din [[Nollywood]] na [[Netflix]], Tenant of the House, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Netflix |title=Watch Tenant of the House - Netflix |url=https://www.netflix.com/ng/title/81463088 |access-date=2022-09-11 |publisher=Netflix}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=[[IMDb]] |title=Tenant of the House (2019) - Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16287560/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=IMDb |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] da Adieu Salut suka jagoranta, da sauran fina-finai na Hausa kamar ''Kwalla'', ''Lambar Girma'', ''Noor'', ''Lissafi'', ''Iko'', da In Zaki So Ni. Tare da rawar da ya taka a fina-finai kamar ''Lissafi'', ''Noor'', ''Mati A Zazzau'', ''Kishiyata, Fati'', ''Wakili'', ''Hauwa Kulu'', da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''[[Gidan Badamasi]]'', Umar ya kafa kansa a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kannywood mafi ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[IMDb]] |title=Mati a Zazzau (2020) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16762488/ |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=IMDb |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Dadin Kowa'', wanda shine jerin yaren Hausa na farko da aka watsa a [[Arewa 24|Arewa24]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[BBC Hausa|BBC News Hausa]] |date=2021-10-21 |title=Daga Bakin Mai Ita Tare Da Umar Gombe - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lMoOBlYop7E |access-date=2022-09-11 |publisher=BBC News Hausa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Arewa 24|Arewa24]] |date=2015-02-06 |title=DADIN KOWA EPS 3 PRT 1 - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owswT0BaJGU |access-date=2022-09-11 |publisher=Arewa24}}</ref> Umar kuma ya fito a cikin mujallar iyali ta Najeriya, Ongacious season 2. An nada Gombe a matsayin shugaban kula da kungiyar masu aikin fina-finai ta Najeriya a shekarar 2021, kuma daga baya ya zama mataimakin sakataren hukumar na kasa bayan zaben ta a shekarar 2022. == Hotunan fina-finai == Gombe made his film debut in the 2001 drama film ''Shaida'', which helped him rise to fame and gain public recognition from many in the industry, which later helped him gain recognition and begin appearing in upcoming Hausa movies. In 2014, he made his television debut in the award-winning drama series ''Dadin Kowa''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arewa24 |title=Dadin Kowa - AREWA24 |url=https://arewa24.com/en/dadin-kowa/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |publisher=Arewa24}}</ref> on [[Arewa 24|Arewa24]], followed by a starring role in Netflix [[Kunle Afolayan]]'s ''[[Tenants of the House]]'', a film about conspiracy, dangerous romance, and girl-child education. In 2022, he made his first major appearance in [[Falalu A Dorayi|Falalu Dorayi]]'s award-winning controversial comedy television series ''Gidan Badamasi''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arewa24 |title=Gidan Badamasi - AREWA24 |url=https://arewa24.com/en/gidan-badamasi/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |publisher=Arewa24}}</ref> on Arewa24. Gombe ya zama sananne bayan ya bayyana a cikin ''Gidan Badamasi'' da ''Noor'', fim game da maye gurbin don magance batutuwan zamantakewa, wanda Faika Ibrahim Rahi, darektan mata mai lambar yabo ta jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily Trust |title=Tambari by Daily Trust Tambari - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/aagarba/docs/tambari_ac6534de8b6449/12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923144749/https://issuu.com/aagarba/docs/tambari_ac6534de8b6449/12 |archive-date=2022-09-23 |access-date=2022-09-23 |publisher=Daily Trust}}</ref> === Fim din === {| class="wikitable" |+Maɓalli | style="background:#FFFFCC;" |† |Yana nuna fina-finai da ba a sake su ba |} {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Irin wannan !Bayani |- |2001 |''Shaida'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2001 |''Haske'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2002 |''Duhun Damunai'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2002 |''Kwalla'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2003 |''Sansani'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2004 |''Ambaliya'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2004 |''Tutar So'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2005 |''Jarida'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2006 |''Takbir'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2006 |''Yankin'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2007 |''Attajira'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2007 |''Nauyi'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2008 |''Iko'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2008 |''Budurwa'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2008 |''Jari Hujja'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo / Marubuci |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2009 |''Wasila'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2009 |''Wasila (Turanci) '' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2009 |''Lissafi'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2009 |''Kusuwar Danga'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2010 |''Wa'azi'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2010 |''Bakar Ashana'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo / Marubuci |Abin mamaki | |- |2010 |''Abubuwan da suka faru'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |2010 |''Sanafahna 2'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2010 |''Ruwan Dare'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2010 |''Sauyin Lamari'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2011 |''Balele'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2011 |''A cikin Zaki Soni'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2011 |''Noor'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo / Mai gabatarwa |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2014 |''Wannan Bulus ne'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo (Imran) |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2014 |''Armala''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flickr |title=IMG_0709 - Producer/Actor Umar Gombe on set of Armala. - talatu-carmen - Flickr |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/talatu-carmen/5624230620/ |access-date=2022-09-17 |publisher=talatu-carmen}}</ref> |Mai wasan kwaikwayo / Mai gabatarwa |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2014 |''Makuwa'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2015 |''Soyayaya Da Tsakuwa'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2017 |''Samariya'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2018 |''Ni Da Kai Da Shi'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2019 |''Mai haya na gidan'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo (John) |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2019 |''Gargadi''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mudari TV 24 |title=Gargadi - Warning! BY UMAR GOMBE - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tytgtY_64OQ |access-date=2022-09-17 |publisher=Mudari TV 24}}</ref> |Mai wasan kwaikwayo / Mai gabatarwa |Wasan kwaikwayo |Gajeren fim |- |2020 |''Mati A Zazzau''<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[IMDb]] |title=Mati a Zazzau (2020) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16762488/ |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=IMDb |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> |Mai wasan kwaikwayo (Garba) |Comedy / Drama | |- |2021 |''Hauwa Kulu'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2021 |''Wakili'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Comedy / Drama | |- |2021 | style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''Ameer'' † |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Ayyuka / Wasan kwaikwayo |Gajeren fim |- |2022 |''Tsayin Daka'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2022 |''Maimunatu'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2022 | style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''Zaɓin Halima'' † |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |SciFi | |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Irin wannan !Bayani |- |2014 |''Dadin Kowa'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo |Jerin yau da kullun (13 episodes) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arewa24 |title=Dadin Kowa - AREWA24 |url=https://arewa24.com/en/dadin-kowa/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |publisher=Arewa24}}</ref> |- |2018 |''Yan Birni (Makewayi) '' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo |Fim din da [[UNICEF]] ta yi amfani da shi |- |2019 |''Yan Zamani'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Comedy / Drama | |- |2021 |''Hadari na Gidan'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo |Jerin yau da kullun (13 episodes) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arewa24 |title=Gidan Danger Series - AREWA24 |url=https://tv.arewa24.com/gidan-danja-series |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171231/https://tv.arewa24.com/gidan-danja-series |archive-date=2022-09-20 |access-date=2022-09-16 |publisher=Arewa24}}</ref> |- |2021 |''Zuciya ta ƙware'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2021 | style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''Yan Tagwaye'' † |Mai gabatarwa |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2022 |''[[Gidan Badamasi]]'' |Dan wasan kwaikwayo (Abduljalal) |Comedy / Drama |Jerin yau da kullun (13 episodes) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arewa24 |title=Gidan Badamasi - AREWA24 |url=https://arewa24.com/en/gidan-badamasi/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |publisher=Arewa24}}</ref> |- |2022 |''Kishiyata'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2022 |''Sawun Giwa'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2022 | style="background:#FFFFCC;" |Ayyukan † |Mai wasan kwaikwayo / Mai gabatarwa |Wasan kwaikwayo | |} === Murya a kan === {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Irin wannan !Bayani |- |2010 |''Ruwan Dare'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo (Ismail) |Wasan kwaikwayo |An nuna shi a matsayin mai yin murya |- |2021 |''Madubi'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo |An nuna shi a matsayin mai yin murya |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] bq4njreunn1dm8wz29a2je7wbqupsz2 968013 968012 2026-10-15T23:01:36Z Salma Raddah 45959 968013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Umar Sani Labaran (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1983), wanda aka fi sani da Umar Gombe, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, Mai shirya fim-finai, kuma darektan fina-fakka na [1] wanda ya fito a cikin fina-fukkuna sama da ɗari da kuma shirye-shiryen talabijin da wasan kwaikwayo. Gombe shine manajan shirin farko na Northflix, aikace-aikacen watsa shirye-shiryen fim na Hausa.[2] Ya fito a fina-finai, shirye-shiryen talabijin, shirye-aikacen rediyo, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. An zabi shi a matsayin mafi kyawun mai ba da tallafi sau da yawa kuma ya lashe wasu kyaututtuka da yawa == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Gombe a cikin iyalin Kano a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1983, a [[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]] . Shi ne ɗan Malam Sani Labaran, manomi, dattijo kuma memba na Arewa Consultative Forum . Daga 1986 zuwa 1998, ya halarci makarantar jariri, firamare, da sakandare a [[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]], sannan wani ɓangare na [[Bauchi (jiha)|Jihar Bauchi]]. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Jami'ar Bayero Kano da Cibiyar Nazarin Kwamfuta ta Duniya, inda ya sami difloma a cikin gwamnati da kuma sarrafa bayanai da fasahar bayanai bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=HausaFilms.TV |date=2018-07-12 |title=Umar Gombe HausaFilms.TV - Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities |url=http://hausafilms.tv/actor/umar_gombe |access-date=2022-09-11 |publisher=HausaFilms.TV}}</ref> Gombe tana da digiri na farko na kimiyya a cikin fasahar bayanai da tsarin bayanai na kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Middlesex, Dubai, kuma daga baya ta shiga cikin shirin MBA a Jami'ar National Open ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |date=2021-05-21 |title=I would have become a model if I was not an actor - Umar Gombe - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDS0Y0-ysuY |access-date=2022-09-11 |publisher=Daily Trust}}</ref> A cikin 2014, Gombe ta shiga cikin shirin horar da fina-finai a Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Asiya, Noida a [[Indiya]], Shirin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=IFCPC |date=2018-05-12 |title=Indo Nigerian Film Association Moves Further Under ICMEI |url=http://ifcpc.com/indo-nigerian-film-association-moves-further-under-icmei/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923145900/http://ifcpc.com/indo-nigerian-film-association-moves-further-under-icmei/ |archive-date=2022-09-23 |access-date=2022-09-23 |publisher=IFCPC}}</ref> tare da sauran 'yan wasan [[Kannywood]] kamar [[Falalu A Dorayi]], [[Ali Nuhu]], [[Ishaq Sidi Ishaq]] da Ibrahim Mandawari . == Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo == Gombe ya fara fitowa a fina-finai na Hausa a shekara ta 2001 tare da ''Shaida'', daga ƙarshe ya zama babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a fina-fukki na Fasaha kafin ya koma ISI Films, wanda sanannen Mai shirya fim-fakka na [[Ishaq Sidi Ishaq]] ya kafa, kuma daga baya Kumbo Productions, wanda ya samar da fim din ''Sanafahna'', wanda aka harbe shi a Najeriya da [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]]. Ya bayyana a fina-finai da yawa na Kumbo Productions, ciki har da ''Armala'', ''Noor'', da ''Sanafahna'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=HausaFilms.TV |title=Umar Gombe HausaFilms.TV - Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities |url=http://hausafilms.tv/actor/umar_gombe |access-date=2022-09-11 |publisher=HausaFilms.TV}}</ref> Gombe ya zama sananne bayan ya bayyana a fim din [[Nollywood]] na [[Netflix]], Tenant of the House, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Netflix |title=Watch Tenant of the House - Netflix |url=https://www.netflix.com/ng/title/81463088 |access-date=2022-09-11 |publisher=Netflix}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=[[IMDb]] |title=Tenant of the House (2019) - Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16287560/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=IMDb |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] da Adieu Salut suka jagoranta, da sauran fina-finai na Hausa kamar ''Kwalla'', ''Lambar Girma'', ''Noor'', ''Lissafi'', ''Iko'', da In Zaki So Ni. Tare da rawar da ya taka a fina-finai kamar ''Lissafi'', ''Noor'', ''Mati A Zazzau'', ''Kishiyata, Fati'', ''Wakili'', ''Hauwa Kulu'', da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''[[Gidan Badamasi]]'', Umar ya kafa kansa a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kannywood mafi ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[IMDb]] |title=Mati a Zazzau (2020) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16762488/ |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=IMDb |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Dadin Kowa'', wanda shine jerin yaren Hausa na farko da aka watsa a [[Arewa 24|Arewa24]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[BBC Hausa|BBC News Hausa]] |date=2021-10-21 |title=Daga Bakin Mai Ita Tare Da Umar Gombe - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lMoOBlYop7E |access-date=2022-09-11 |publisher=BBC News Hausa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Arewa 24|Arewa24]] |date=2015-02-06 |title=DADIN KOWA EPS 3 PRT 1 - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owswT0BaJGU |access-date=2022-09-11 |publisher=Arewa24}}</ref> Umar kuma ya fito a cikin mujallar iyali ta Najeriya, Ongacious season 2. An nada Gombe a matsayin shugaban kula da kungiyar masu aikin fina-finai ta Najeriya a shekarar 2021, kuma daga baya ya zama mataimakin sakataren hukumar na kasa bayan zaben ta a shekarar 2022. == Hotunan fina-finai == Gombe made his film debut in the 2001 drama film ''Shaida'', which helped him rise to fame and gain public recognition from many in the industry, which later helped him gain recognition and begin appearing in upcoming Hausa movies. In 2014, he made his television debut in the award-winning drama series ''Dadin Kowa''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arewa24 |title=Dadin Kowa - AREWA24 |url=https://arewa24.com/en/dadin-kowa/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |publisher=Arewa24}}</ref> on [[Arewa 24|Arewa24]], followed by a starring role in Netflix [[Kunle Afolayan]]'s ''[[Tenants of the House]]'', a film about conspiracy, dangerous romance, and girl-child education. In 2022, he made his first major appearance in [[Falalu A Dorayi|Falalu Dorayi]]'s award-winning controversial comedy television series ''Gidan Badamasi''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arewa24 |title=Gidan Badamasi - AREWA24 |url=https://arewa24.com/en/gidan-badamasi/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |publisher=Arewa24}}</ref> on Arewa24. Gombe ya zama sananne bayan ya bayyana a cikin ''Gidan Badamasi'' da ''Noor'', fim game da maye gurbin don magance batutuwan zamantakewa, wanda Faika Ibrahim Rahi, darektan mata mai lambar yabo ta jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily Trust |title=Tambari by Daily Trust Tambari - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/aagarba/docs/tambari_ac6534de8b6449/12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923144749/https://issuu.com/aagarba/docs/tambari_ac6534de8b6449/12 |archive-date=2022-09-23 |access-date=2022-09-23 |publisher=Daily Trust}}</ref> === Fim din === {| class="wikitable" |+Maɓalli | style="background:#FFFFCC;" |† |Yana nuna fina-finai da ba a sake su ba |} {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Irin wannan !Bayani |- |2001 |''Shaida'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2001 |''Haske'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2002 |''Duhun Damunai'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2002 |''Kwalla'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2003 |''Sansani'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2004 |''Ambaliya'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2004 |''Tutar So'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2005 |''Jarida'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2006 |''Takbir'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2006 |''Yankin'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2007 |''Attajira'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2007 |''Nauyi'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2008 |''Iko'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2008 |''Budurwa'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2008 |''Jari Hujja'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo / Marubuci |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2009 |''Wasila'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2009 |''Wasila (Turanci) '' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2009 |''Lissafi'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2009 |''Kusuwar Danga'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2010 |''Wa'azi'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2010 |''Bakar Ashana'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo / Marubuci |Abin mamaki | |- |2010 |''Abubuwan da suka faru'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |2010 |''Sanafahna 2'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2010 |''Ruwan Dare'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2010 |''Sauyin Lamari'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2011 |''Balele'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2011 |''A cikin Zaki Soni'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2011 |''Noor'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo / Mai gabatarwa |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2014 |''Wannan Bulus ne'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo (Imran) |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2014 |''Armala''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flickr |title=IMG_0709 - Producer/Actor Umar Gombe on set of Armala. - talatu-carmen - Flickr |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/talatu-carmen/5624230620/ |access-date=2022-09-17 |publisher=talatu-carmen}}</ref> |Mai wasan kwaikwayo / Mai gabatarwa |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2014 |''Makuwa'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2015 |''Soyayaya Da Tsakuwa'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2017 |''Samariya'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2018 |''Ni Da Kai Da Shi'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2019 |''Mai haya na gidan'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo (John) |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2019 |''Gargadi''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mudari TV 24 |title=Gargadi - Warning! BY UMAR GOMBE - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tytgtY_64OQ |access-date=2022-09-17 |publisher=Mudari TV 24}}</ref> |Mai wasan kwaikwayo / Mai gabatarwa |Wasan kwaikwayo |Gajeren fim |- |2020 |''Mati A Zazzau''<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[IMDb]] |title=Mati a Zazzau (2020) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16762488/ |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=IMDb |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> |Mai wasan kwaikwayo (Garba) |Comedy / Drama | |- |2021 |''Hauwa Kulu'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2021 |''Wakili'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Comedy / Drama | |- |2021 | style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''Ameer'' † |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Ayyuka / Wasan kwaikwayo |Gajeren fim |- |2022 |''Tsayin Daka'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2022 |''Maimunatu'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2022 | style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''Zaɓin Halima'' † |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |SciFi | |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Irin wannan !Bayani |- |2014 |''Dadin Kowa'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo |Jerin yau da kullun (13 episodes) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arewa24 |title=Dadin Kowa - AREWA24 |url=https://arewa24.com/en/dadin-kowa/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |publisher=Arewa24}}</ref> |- |2018 |''Yan Birni (Makewayi) '' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo |Fim din da [[UNICEF]] ta yi amfani da shi |- |2019 |''Yan Zamani'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Comedy / Drama | |- |2021 |''Hadari na Gidan'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo |Jerin yau da kullun (13 episodes) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arewa24 |title=Gidan Danger Series - AREWA24 |url=https://tv.arewa24.com/gidan-danja-series |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171231/https://tv.arewa24.com/gidan-danja-series |archive-date=2022-09-20 |access-date=2022-09-16 |publisher=Arewa24}}</ref> |- |2021 |''Zuciya ta ƙware'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2021 | style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''Yan Tagwaye'' † |Mai gabatarwa |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2022 |''[[Gidan Badamasi]]'' |Dan wasan kwaikwayo (Abduljalal) |Comedy / Drama |Jerin yau da kullun (13 episodes) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arewa24 |title=Gidan Badamasi - AREWA24 |url=https://arewa24.com/en/gidan-badamasi/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |publisher=Arewa24}}</ref> |- |2022 |''Kishiyata'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2022 |''Sawun Giwa'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2022 | style="background:#FFFFCC;" |Ayyukan † |Mai wasan kwaikwayo / Mai gabatarwa |Wasan kwaikwayo | |} === Murya a kan === {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Irin wannan !Bayani |- |2010 |''Ruwan Dare'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo (Ismail) |Wasan kwaikwayo |An nuna shi a matsayin mai yin murya |- |2021 |''Madubi'' |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |Wasan kwaikwayo |An nuna shi a matsayin mai yin murya |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] 42w4jutxtoreqzgk2lbrff6njws3o1s 0 13291 968227 893462 2026-10-16T11:53:13Z Aisha DM 47678 968227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''[[Mali|Mal]] Aminu Ado Bayero''' ((Listenⓘ)), CFR (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Agustan shekara ta alif 1961) shi ne sarkin [[Fulani]] [[Jerin Sarakunan Kano|Na 15]] na Kano daga dangin Fulani [[Sulluɓawa|Sullubawa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benson |first=Nneoma |date=9 March 2020 |title=Ganduje appoints Aminu Ado Bayero as 15th Fulani Emir of Kano |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/ganduje-appoints-aminu-ado-bayero-as-15th-emir-of-kano |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310160615/https://www.icirnigeria.org/ganduje-appoints-aminu-ado-bayero-as-15th-emir-of-kano/ |archive-date=10 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=The ICIR}}</ref> Ya hau gadon sarauta a ranar 9 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif 2020, biyo bayan tsige dan uwansa Muhammad Sanusi II da [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kano|Gwamna]] Dr. Abdullahi Umar Ganduje.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-19 |title=Local power play ends the reign of northern Nigeria's emir of Kano · Global Voices |url=https://globalvoices.org/2020/03/19/local-power-play-ends-the-reign-of-northern-nigerias-emir-of-kano/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409184133/https://globalvoices.org/2020/03/19/local-power-play-ends-the-reign-of-northern-nigerias-emir-of-kano/ |archive-date=9 April 2020 |access-date=2020-04-24 |website=Global Voices |language=en}}</ref> Shi ne Shugaba [[Jami'ar Calaba]] . == Rayuwa ta farko == === Iyali === An haifi Aminu Ado Bayero a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta alif 1961. Mahaifinsa, [[Ado Bayero]], shi ne Sarkin Kano daga shekara ta alif 1963 zuwa shekara alif 2014 kuma sarkin da ya fi dadewa a [[Kano (birni)|Tarihin Kano]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-06 |title=UPDATE: Late Emir of Kano, Ado Bayero, to be buried 4:00 p.m. {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/162157-breaking-emir-kano-ado-bayero-dead.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301134428/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/162157-breaking-emir-kano-ado-bayero-dead.html |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-01 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Shi ne ɗan fari na biyu ga marigayi sarkin. 'Yan uwansa sun hada da babban ɗan'uwansa [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]], da [[Nasiru Ado Bayero]] , Sarkin [[Bichi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=PRNigeria |date=2020-03-09 |title=Bayero's Sons, Aminu and Nasiru Become Emirs of Two Emirates in Kano |url=https://prnigeria.com/2020/03/09/aminu-nasiru-emirs-kano/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331102848/https://prnigeria.com/2020/03/09/aminu-nasiru-emirs-kano/ |archive-date=31 March 2020 |access-date=2020-04-24 |website=PRNigeria News |language=en-US}}</ref> Jikan jikan mahaifinsa, Muhammadu Sanusi II ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin Sarkin Kano daga shekara ta ali2014 har zuwa shekara alif 2020 lokacin da gwamnatin [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] ta cire shi daga mulki. === Ilimi === Aminu ya sami ilimin Islama na farko a gida, inda ya koyi [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]], [[Polythem]], shari'ar Islama da [[Hadisai]] (al'adun ayyukan da maganganun [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]]). Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Kofar Kudu kuma ya ci gaba zuwa [[Government College, Birnin Kudu|Kwalejin Gwamnati, Birnin Kudu]] . Ya yi karatun sadarwa a [[Jami'ar Bayero|Jami'ar Bayero Kano]] kuma ya tafi Kwalejin Flying a Oakland, California . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mohammed |first=Farouk |date=9 March 2020 |title=Biography of Aminu Ado Bayero, the new Emir of Kano |url=https://www.okay.ng/biography-of-aminu-ado-bayero-the-new-emir-of-kano |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205094614/https://www.okay.ng/biography-of-aminu-ado-bayero-the-new-emir-of-kano/ |archive-date=5 December 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |website=okay.ng}}</ref> Ya yi aikinsa na shekara daya na Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Kasa a [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya]] a [[Makurdi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adewale |first=Murtala |date=18 May 2019 |title='The split of Kano Emirate was never my wish, but things change with time' |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/the-split-of-kano-emirate-was-never-my-wish-but-things-change-with-time |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126190154/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/the-split-of-kano-emirate-was-never-my-wish-but-things-change-with-time/ |archive-date=26 November 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Newspaper]]}}</ref> == Farkon aiki == Bayero ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in hulɗa da jama'a a Kabo Air, kafin ya zama injiniyan jirgin sama.<ref name="KA">{{Cite web |title=Kano_Emirate-Hakimai |url=https://www.kanoemirate.org/new/pdfs/Kano_Emirate-Hakimai.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302141826/https://www.kanoemirate.org/new/pdfs/Kano_Emirate-Hakimai.pdf |archive-date=2 March 2021 |access-date=9 March 2020 |website=kanoemirate.org}}</ref> == Takardun sarauta da sadaukarwa == A shekara ta alif 1990, mahaifinsa, Ado Bayero, ya nada shi Dan Majen Kano kuma shugaban gundumar [[Dala]], kafin a kara shi zuwa Dan Buram Kano a watan Oktoba na wannan shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alao |first=Abiodun |date=9 March 2020 |title=Five things to know about the new Emir of Kano, Aminu Ado Bayero |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/five-things-to-know-about-the-new-emir-of-kano-aminu-ado-bayero |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310164611/https://thenationonlineng.net/five-things-to-know-about-the-new-emir-of-kano-aminu-ado-bayero/ |archive-date=10 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation Newspaper]]}}</ref> A shekara ta alif 1992, an kara shi zuwa Turakin Kano da Sarkin Dawakin Tsakar Gida Kano a shekara ta 2000. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin Durbar na masarautar Kano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Odeyemi |first=Joshua |date=9 March 2020 |title=Who is Alhaji Aminu Ado Bayero, the new Emir of Kano? |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/who-is-alhaji-aminu-ado-bayero-the-new-emir-of-kano.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310155553/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/who-is-alhaji-aminu-ado-bayero-the-new-emir-of-kano.html |archive-date=10 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust Newspaper]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2014, sarkin Kano na lokacin, Muhammad Sanusi II, ya inganta shi zuwa Wamban Kano, ta haka ne, ya sauya shi daga Dala zuwa karamar hukumar Kano inda ya gaji Galadiman Kano, Alhaji Tijjani Hashim a matsayin shugaban gundumar. <ref name="KA">{{Cite web |title=Kano_Emirate-Hakimai |url=https://www.kanoemirate.org/new/pdfs/Kano_Emirate-Hakimai.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302141826/https://www.kanoemirate.org/new/pdfs/Kano_Emirate-Hakimai.pdf |archive-date=2 March 2021 |access-date=9 March 2020 |website=kanoemirate.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adewale |first=Murtala |date=9 March 2020 |title=Aminu Ado Bayero may succeed Sanusi as emir of Kano |url=https://guardian.ng/news/aminu-ado-bayero-leads-race-to-succeed-sanusi-as-emir-of-kano |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310160725/https://guardian.ng/news/aminu-ado-bayero-leads-race-to-succeed-sanusi-as-emir-of-kano/ |archive-date=10 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Newspaper]]}}</ref> A cikin shekarar al 2019, [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kano|gwamna]] Jihar [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]] ya nada shi sarkin Kano. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2019 |title=Unstoppable Ganduje presents letters to Emir Ado Bayero, 3 others |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/05/11/unstoppable-ganduje-presents-letters-to-emir-ado-bayero-3-others |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511210705/https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/05/11/unstoppable-ganduje-presents-letters-to-emir-ado-bayero-3-others/ |archive-date=11 May 2019 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=[[P.M. News]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mohammed |first=Farouk |date=9 March 2020 |title=Biography of Aminu Ado Bayero, the new Emir of Kano |url=https://www.okay.ng/biography-of-aminu-ado-bayero-the-new-emir-of-kano |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205094614/https://www.okay.ng/biography-of-aminu-ado-bayero-the-new-emir-of-kano/ |archive-date=5 December 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |website=okay.ng}}</ref> == Sarkin sarakuna na Kano == Ya hau gadon sarauta a ranar 9 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif 2020, biyo bayan tsige dan uwansa Muhammad Sanusi II da [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kano|Gwamnan jihar Kano]], [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]]. Gwamna Abdullahi Ganduje na Jihar Kano a ranar Asabar 3 ga watan Yulin shekara ta al 2021 ya gabatar da ma'aikatan ofis ga Sarkin Kano na 15, Aminu Ado Bayero . <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2021 |title=Ganduje presents staff of office to Kano Emir, Bayero |url=https://punchng.com/ganduje-presents-staff-of-office-to-kano-emir-bayero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707095146/https://punchng.com/ganduje-presents-staff-of-office-to-kano-emir-bayero/ |archive-date=7 July 2021 |access-date=7 July 2021 |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta ali 2023, wani sabon gwamna ya ba da umarnin cire shi daga sarauta da kuma dawo da sarkin da ya gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Kano Gov Announces Return Of Sanusi As Emir - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/breaking-kano-gov-announces-return-of-sanusi-as-emir/ |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=dailytrust.com/ |language=en-US}}</ref> Sarkin da aka tsige tun daga lokacin ya kasance mai tawaye, ya ki amincewa da cire shi, kuma ya zauna daya daga cikin kananan fadar da ke cikin masarautar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sobowale |first=Adetutu |date=2024-05-25 |title=Soldiers sighted in deposed Emir Ado Bayero's palace |url=https://punchng.com/soldiers-sighted-in-deposed-emir-ado-bayeros-palace/ |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> {{Reflist}}{{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[List of rulers of Kano|House of Dabo]]||1961|Living}} {{S-reg|}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Kano Emirate|Emir of Kano]]}} {{S-inc}} {{S-end}}{{Rulers of Kano}} [[Rukuni:Musulman Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] f4giwitrk7rm4i6sa4u7sqla6aapbda 0 14649 968047 597661 2026-10-16T01:47:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Nicki Minaj VMA 2018 03.png|thumb|'''Onika Tanya Maraj-''']] [[Fayil:Nicki Minaj MTV VMAs 4.jpg|thumb|Nicki Minaj]] [[Fayil:Nicki Minaj drawing 2.jpg|thumb|Nicki Minaj]] [[Fayil:Nicki Minaj 2017 NBA Awards Visuals.png|thumb|Nicki Minaj]] [[Fayil:Nicki Minaj VMAs 2018 (2).jpg|thumb|Nicki Minaj]] [[Fayil:Nicki Minaj, 2011.jpg|thumb|Nicki Minaj a 2011]] '''Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty''' (An haife ta ne a ranar 8 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta 1982),wadda akafi sani da '''Nicki Minaj''' ( /m ɪ n ɑː ʒ / ), ita ne mai Trinidadian-American rapper, singer, songwriter, actress, da kuma model.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/03/nicki-minaj-is-officially-now-a-model-signs-with-wilhelmina.html|title=Nicki Minaj Is Officially Now a Model After Signing With an Agency|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=The Cut}}</ref><ref name="NYT201510072">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/magazine/the-passion-of-nicki-minaj.html|title=The Passion of Nicki Minaj|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 7, 2015|last=Grigoriadis|first=Vanessa|access-date=June 9, 2020|url-access=registration}}</ref>An haife ta a gundumar [[:en:Saint_James,_Trinidad_and_Tobago|Saint James]] na [[:en:Port_of_Spain|Port of Spain]] kuma ta tashi ne a gundumar [[:en:Queens|Queens]] da ke New York City, ta sami karbuwa a wurin jama'a bayan ta saki kayan hadawa na ''[[:en:Playtime_Is_Over_(mixtape)|Playtime Is Over]]'' (2007), ''[[:en:Sucka_Free|Sucka Free]]'' (2008), da ''[[:en:Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)|Beam Me Up Scotty]]'' (2009) . farkon aikin ta,Minaj aka san ta da kayayyaki da kuma wigs, ta bayyana kwarewa,da kuma yin amfani da [[:en:Alter_ego|alter egos]] da wasulla,da farko [[:en:Cockney_speech|British cockney]].<ref name="NYT201203303">{{cite news|last=Caramanica|first=Jon|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/arts/music/nicki-minaj-is-the-influential-leader-of-hip-hop.html?pagewanted=all|title=A Singular Influence|work=The New York Times|date=March 30, 2012|access-date=June 9, 2020|url-access=registration}}</ref>Bayan fara waka tare da [[:en:Lil_Wayne|Lil Wayne]]'s [[:en:Young_Money_Entertainment|Young Money Entertainment]], a shekara ta (2009 ) Minaj ta saki studio album din tana farko, ''[[:en:Pink_Friday|Pink Friday]]'' (2010),wanda ta karba lamba daya a Amurka [[:en:Billboard_200|''Billboard'' 200]] ginshiƙi kuma aka bokan sau uku [[:en:Music_recording_sales_certification|platinum]] ta [[:en:Recording_Industry_Association_of_America|Recording Industry Association of America]] ( RIAA).<ref name="PFRIAA2">{{cite certification|region=United States|artist=Nicki Minaj|title=Pink Friday|type=album|accessdate=December 18, 2010}}</ref> Kundin ya samar mada Minaj [[:en:Billboard_Hot_100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] zama na farko acikin biyar, "[[:en:Super_Bass|Super Bass]]" [[File:Nicki Minaj interview 2016.jpg|thumb|Nicki Minaj]] Kundin wakokinta na biyu, ''[[:en:Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded|Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded]]'' (2012) ya ga Minaj ta matsa zuwa ga rawar-pop tare da mai da hankali kan waƙar ta. An fara faifan kundin a saman jadawalin a kasashe da yawa,wanda ya haifar da ''Billboard'' Hot 100 guda daya acikin biyar, "[[:en:Starships_(song)|Starships]]". Minaj na uku da na hudu na kundin ''faifai'', ''[[:en:The_Pinkprint|The Pinkprint]]'' (2014) da ''[[:en:Queen_(Nicki_Minaj_album)|Queen]]'' (2018), sun nuna ficewa daga salon raye-rayen rawar rubuce-rubucen da ta gabatar da kuma komawa tushenta na [[:en:Hip_hop|hip hop]],tare da tsohuwar da ke haifar da ''Billboard'' Hot (100) na farko a cikin- guda biyar " [[:en:Anaconda_(Nicki_Minaj_song)|Anaconda]] ". Yanayinta a kan remix na [[:en:Doja_Cat|Doja Cat]]'s"[[:en:Say_So_(Doja_Cat_song)|Say So]] " da [[:en:6ix9ine|6ix9ine]]" haɗin gwiwar. [[:en:Trollz_(song)|Trollz]]",duka an sake su a cikin shekarar (2020) sun nuna alamar farko da na biyu a ɗaya a cikin Hot (100) bi da bi, tare da na biyu, sun sa ta zama ta biyun 'yar wasan mata da fara fitowa a saman jadawalin bayan [[:en:Lauryn_Hill|Lauryn Hill]] shekara ta (1998).<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 22, 2020|title=Nicki Minaj Reacts to Going Number One in 2020 — Again|url=https://www.papermag.com/nicki-minaj-number-1-trollz-2646233182.html|access-date=June 22, 2020|website=PAPER}}</ref> [[File:Nicki Minaj Hammersmith Apollo 2012 Nicki Minaj Hammersmith Apollo 2012 IMG 4388 (7449009258) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Nicki Minaj]] A wajen kiɗa, aikin fim na Minaj ya haɗa da rawar murya a cikin [[:en:Animated_film|animated films]] ''[[:en:Ice_Age:_Continental_Drift|Ice Age: Continental Drift]]'' (2012) da ''[[:en:The_Angry_Birds_Movie_2|The Angry Birds Movie 2]]'' (2019) gami da matsayin tallafi a cikin finafinan ban dariya na ''[[:en:The_Other_Woman_(2014_film)|The Other Woman]]'' (2014) da kuma ''[[:en:Barbershop:_The_Next_Cut|Barbershop: The Next Cut]]'' (2016). Ta kuma bayyana a matsayin alkali a lokacin [[:en:American_Idol_(season_12)|twelfth season]] na ''[[:en:American_Idol|American Idol]]'' a shekara ta (2013). An ambata a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata masu fasahan saurin na rap a kowane lokaci,<ref name="NYT201203302">{{cite news|last=Caramanica|first=Jon|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/arts/music/nicki-minaj-is-the-influential-leader-of-hip-hop.html?pagewanted=all|title=A Singular Influence|work=The New York Times|date=March 30, 2012|access-date=June 9, 2020|url-access=registration}}</ref> Minaj ta sayar da kimanin fayafayan rikodin miliyan( 100 ) a duk duniya, yana mai da ta ɗaya daga cikin [[:en:List_of_best-selling_music_artists|world's best selling music artists]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nicki Minaj quits the rap game: 'I've decided to retire & have my family'|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-09-06-nicki-minaj-quits-the-rap-game-ive-decided-to-retire-have-my-family/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref> A tsawon rayuwar ta, Minaj ta sami yabo da yawa, gami da kyaututtukan kiɗa na Amurka guda shida, [[:en:BET_Awards|BET Awards]] goma sha biyu, kyaututtukan kiɗa na [[:en:MTV_Video_Music_Award|MTV Video Music Awards]] guda huɗu, <nowiki><i id="mwaA">Kyaututtukan</i></nowiki> Kiɗa na <nowiki><i id="mwaA">Billboard</i></nowiki> guda huɗu, da Mata biyu na <nowiki><i id="mwag">Allon</i></nowiki> Kyautuka a cikin Wakokin . An kuma zabe ta don( 10) [[:en:Grammy_Award|Grammy Awards]]. Minaj itace mafi girman-ranked mace rapper a kan ''allon-tallan'' ' jerin saman artists na shekarar( 2010s).<ref name=":102">{{cite web|title=Billboard's Top Artists of the 2010s Decade|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/decade-end/top-artists|work=Billboard|access-date=April 30, 2020}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta (2016 ) Minaj ta kasance cikin jerin [[Time 100|''Lokaci na'']] shekara-shekara na mutane( 100) masu tasiri a duniya.<ref>{{cite news|title=The 100 Most Influential People 2016|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]]|url=http://time.com/collection/2016-time-100/icons/|access-date=April 22, 2016}}</ref>. == Rayuwar farko == Onika Tanya Maraj an haife ta ne a [[:en:Saint_James,_Trinidad_and_Tobago|Saint James]] a ranar( 8) ga watan Disamba, shekarar (1982)<ref name="Biography2">{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/nicki-minaj-579574|title=Nicki Minaj Biography: Rapper (1982–)|publisher=[[Biography.com]] ([[FYI (TV channel)|FYI]] / [[A&E Networks]])|access-date=April 22, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/nicki-minaj-mn0001013175/biography|title=Nicki Minaj Biography|last=Jeffries|first=David|publisher=[[AllMusic.com]]|access-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref>Mahaifinta, Robert Maraj, babban jami'in harkokin kuɗi kuma mawaƙiyan bishara na ɗan lokaci, na [[:en:Dougla|Dougla]] ne ([[:en:Afro-Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian|Afro-Trinidadian]] mahaifiyar da [[:en:Indo-Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian|Indo-Trinidadian]] mahaifin ) zuriya.<ref name="arogundade2">{{cite web|title=What Is Rapper Nicki Minaj's Ethnicity and Nationality? Black? Indian? Other? 200,000 Fans Ask Google|url=http://www.arogundade.com/nicki-minajs-ethnicity-facts-race-heritage-biography.html|publisher=Arogundade.com|author-link=Ben Arogundade|first=Ben|last=Arogundade|date=n.d.|access-date=November 16, 2014|archive-date=March 31, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331000006/http://www.arogundade.com/nicki-minajs-ethnicity-facts-race-heritage-biography.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/nicki-minaj-india-birthday-hey-mama-music-rapper-lifest/1/829785.html|title=Birthday girl Nicki Minaj has a very interesting Indian connection you didn't know about!|website=IndiaToday|date=August 30, 2017}}</ref>Mahaifiyarta, Carol Maraj, ita ma mawaƙa ce ta bishara tare da asalin Afro-Trinidad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2014/04/08/new-music-carol-maraj-gods-been-good/|title=New Music: Carol Maraj – 'God's Been Good'|website=Rap-Up|access-date=March 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731071900/https://www.rap-up.com/2014/04/08/new-music-carol-maraj-gods-been-good/|archive-date=July 31, 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="arogundade3">{{cite web|title=What Is Rapper Nicki Minaj's Ethnicity and Nationality? Black? Indian? Other? 200,000 Fans Ask Google|url=http://www.arogundade.com/nicki-minajs-ethnicity-facts-race-heritage-biography.html|publisher=Arogundade.com|author-link=Ben Arogundade|first=Ben|last=Arogundade|date=n.d.|access-date=November 16, 2014|archive-date=March 31, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331000006/http://www.arogundade.com/nicki-minajs-ethnicity-facts-race-heritage-biography.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Carol ta yi aiki a cikin ɓangarorin biyan kuɗi da na lissafi a lokacin ƙuruciya ta Minaj.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/carol-maraj-exclusive-nicki-minajs-mom-says-tithing-helped-rapper-shares-gospel-music-abuse-122292/|title=Carol Maraj Exclusive: Nicki Minaj's Mom Says Tithing Helped Rapper, Shares Gospel Music, Abuse|website=Christian Post|access-date=March 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1822809/nicki-minajs-mom-carol-maraj-hopes-to-inspire-abused-women-with-her-music/|title=Nicki Minaj's Mom, Carol Maraj, Hopes To Inspire Abused Women With Her Music|website=MTV News|access-date=March 14, 2016|archive-date=May 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529120022/http://www.mtv.com/news/1822809/nicki-minajs-mom-carol-maraj-hopes-to-inspire-abused-women-with-her-music/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Mahaifin Minaj ya kasance mai yawan shan giya da sauran kwayoyi, kuma yana da saurin fushi, tana ƙona gidansu a cikin watan Disamba shekarar ta (1987).<ref name="dailyexpress2">{{cite web|title=Carol Maraj, Mother of Hip Hop Star Nicki Minaj|url=http://www.trinidadexpress.com/woman-magazine/Carol_Maraj-163265826.html|newspaper=Daily Express|location=Trinidad|publisher=Caribbean Communications Network|access-date=July 29, 2013|archive-date=September 29, 2015|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6bueuKihJ?url=http://www.trinidadexpress.com/woman-magazine/Carol_Maraj-163265826.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>Tana da wani dattijo mai suna Jelani, wata ƙanwarta mai suna Maya, ƙanin ta mai suna Micaiah, da kuma ƙanwarta mai suna Ming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nicki Minaj hangs out with her brothers and little sister: photos|url=http://www.reveal.co.uk/showbiz-celeb-gossip/news/a518784/nicki-minaj-hangs-out-with-her-brothers-and-little-sister-photos.html|website=Reveal|access-date=November 24, 2015}}</ref> [[File:Nicki Minaj - Live Femme Fatale 10.jpg|thumb|Nicki Minaj]] Yayinda yake karamin yaro, Minaj da dan uwa sun zauna tare da kakanta a Saint James.<ref name="arogundade4">{{cite web|title=What Is Rapper Nicki Minaj's Ethnicity and Nationality? Black? Indian? Other? 200,000 Fans Ask Google|url=http://www.arogundade.com/nicki-minajs-ethnicity-facts-race-heritage-biography.html|publisher=Arogundade.com|author-link=Ben Arogundade|first=Ben|last=Arogundade|date=n.d.|access-date=November 16, 2014|archive-date=March 31, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331000006/http://www.arogundade.com/nicki-minajs-ethnicity-facts-race-heritage-biography.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="dailyexpress3">{{cite web|title=Carol Maraj, Mother of Hip Hop Star Nicki Minaj|url=http://www.trinidadexpress.com/woman-magazine/Carol_Maraj-163265826.html|newspaper=Daily Express|location=Trinidad|publisher=Caribbean Communications Network|access-date=July 29, 2013|archive-date=September 29, 2015|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6bueuKihJ?url=http://www.trinidadexpress.com/woman-magazine/Carol_Maraj-163265826.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta, wacce ta koma Bronx a cikin New York City don halartar Kwalejin Monroe,<ref name="dailyexpress4">{{cite web|title=Carol Maraj, Mother of Hip Hop Star Nicki Minaj|url=http://www.trinidadexpress.com/woman-magazine/Carol_Maraj-163265826.html|newspaper=Daily Express|location=Trinidad|publisher=Caribbean Communications Network|access-date=July 29, 2013|archive-date=September 29, 2015|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6bueuKihJ?url=http://www.trinidadexpress.com/woman-magazine/Carol_Maraj-163265826.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> kawo dangin zuwa Queens lokacin da Minaj ke da shekara biyar.<ref name="arogundade5">{{cite web|title=What Is Rapper Nicki Minaj's Ethnicity and Nationality? Black? Indian? Other? 200,000 Fans Ask Google|url=http://www.arogundade.com/nicki-minajs-ethnicity-facts-race-heritage-biography.html|publisher=Arogundade.com|author-link=Ben Arogundade|first=Ben|last=Arogundade|date=n.d.|access-date=November 16, 2014|archive-date=March 31, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331000006/http://www.arogundade.com/nicki-minajs-ethnicity-facts-race-heritage-biography.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A lokacin, dangin suna da gida a titin 147th.<ref name="dailyexpress5">{{cite web|title=Carol Maraj, Mother of Hip Hop Star Nicki Minaj|url=http://www.trinidadexpress.com/woman-magazine/Carol_Maraj-163265826.html|newspaper=Daily Express|location=Trinidad|publisher=Caribbean Communications Network|access-date=July 29, 2013|archive-date=September 29, 2015|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6bueuKihJ?url=http://www.trinidadexpress.com/woman-magazine/Carol_Maraj-163265826.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Minaj ya tuna, "Bana tunanin cikin gidana. Mahaifiyata ta motsa ni, amma ba ta da tsayayyar gida. Na so na zama mai tsayayyen gida. ”<ref>Minaj on ''[[The View (U.S. TV series)|The View]]'' as quoted by {{cite web |author=Scott, Tracy |title=Nicki Minaj advises parents to parent |url=http://s2smagazine.com/20087/nicki-minaj-advises-parents-parent/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112072645/http://s2smagazine.com/2012/09/25/nicki-minaj-advises-parents-parent/ |archive-date=November 12, 2014 |access-date=July 29, 2013 |publisher=[[S2SMagazine.com]] (Interactive One)}}</ref> Minaj ta sami nasarar saurarar karatun shiga Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music &amp;amp; Art da kuma Arts, wanda ke mai da hankali kan zane da zane-zane . <ref name="Biography3">{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/nicki-minaj-579574|title=Nicki Minaj Biography: Rapper (1982–)|publisher=[[Biography.com]] ([[FYI (TV channel)|FYI]] / [[A&E Networks]])|access-date=April 22, 2013}}</ref>Bayan kammala karatu, Minaj ta so zama 'yar fim, sai aka sanya ta a wasan Off-Broadway ''A Cikin Abin da Ka Manta'' a shekarar ta (2001). [[File:Nicki Minaj - Live Femme Fatale 8 cropped.jpg|thumb|Nicki Minaj]] A lokacin da take da shekaru( 19) yayin da take fama da aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai jiran aiki a wani Red Lobster a cikin Bronx, amma an kore ta saboda rage darajar kwastomomi.<ref>{{cite web|first=Clover|last=Hope|title=Nicki Minaj Does Jay Leno Performance, Discusses Red Lobster Job|url=http://www.vibe.com/article/nicki-minaj-jay-leno-performance-working-red-lobster|magazine=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]|publisher=[[Eldridge Industries]]|location=New York City|date=July 15, 2012|access-date=August 2, 2012}}</ref> Ta ce an kore ta daga "aƙalla ayyuka (15" )saboda dalilai iri ɗaya.<ref name="billboard12">{{cite web|title=Nicki Minaj: The Billboard Cover Story|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/951113/nicki-minaj-the-billboard-cover-story|website=Billboard|access-date=August 2,2012}}</ref>. == Ayyuka == === Manazarta === d3h8c5ot90q0s7r9pmar5cwrpchlasr 0 16056 967876 966882 2026-10-15T16:20:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mercy Ima Macjoe, an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1993, wacce aka fi sani da Mercy Macjoe, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya, Mai shirya fim-finai, kuma ɗan kasuwa. An haife ta kuma ta girma a Legas amma ta fito ne daga [[Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]] . Mercy an fi saninta da rawar da ta taka a ''Magdalene da Jenna'', wanda ya sami kyaututtuka masu daraja. A cikin 2018, an zabi ta don kyautar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a City People Awards kuma ta sami kyautar ''Mafi kyawun gajeren fim mai zaman kansa'' a Hollywood da African Prestigious Awards a cikin 2019. == Rayuwa ta farko == Mahaifinta, wanda ya mutu tun tana ƙarama, ya bar ta mahaifiyarta ce ta yi renonta, soja ne daga Eket a jihar Akwa Ibom. Macjoe ta halarci Jami'ar Open ta Najeriya, inda ta yi karatun Mass Communication don digiri na biyu. == Ayyuka == === Yin wasan kwaikwayo === Mercy Macjoe ta fara aikin fim dinta a shekara ta 2011, tare da rawar da ta taka a fim din Lonely Princess tare da tsohon dan wasan kwaikwayo Mercy Johnson . Tun daga wannan lokacin tana da rawar gani a fina-finai na Midnight Crew, Zenith of Love, Shame, Bread of Life, Girl Next Door da Flaws . Da farko a cikin aikinta, Macjoe ta fito a cikin fina-finai da yawa na Ghana. A cikin 2018, aikinta a matsayin tomboy a cikin fim din ''Jenna'' ya sami ra'ayoyi da kulawa daga magoya baya da masu sukar. A cikin 2020, Macjoe ya shiga makarantar fina-finai ta New York . <ref name="NFA">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2020 |title=Actress Mercy Macjoe lands in New York Film Academy; shares photo |url=https://www.sidomexentertainment.com/nigeria-entertainment-news/actress-mercy-macjoe-lands-in-new-york-film-academy-shares-photo/ |access-date=13 February 2020 |website=Sidomex Entertainment |publisher=Bridget Andrew |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213110021/https://www.sidomexentertainment.com/nigeria-entertainment-news/actress-mercy-macjoe-lands-in-new-york-film-academy-shares-photo/ |archive-date=13 February 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayan karatunta a Kwalejin Fim ta New York, Macjoe ta ci gaba da fitowa a cikin shirye-shiryen Nollywood a matsayin mai shirya fim, daga kamfanin samar da fim din MMJOE PRODUCTION ta samar da fina-finai kamar Red, The love I lost , Blind marriage, Last Day Married kuma ta fadada aikinta cikin kasuwanci da gudanar da kasuwanci. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2026, ta kammala shirin ilimi na zartarwa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2026-04-25 |title=Mercy Macjoe celebrates Harvard milestone |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/04/mercy-macjoe-celebrates-harvard-milestone/ |access-date=2026-07-09 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Baya ga yin fim, ta shiga masana'antar baƙi, ta kafa kuma a halin yanzu tana aiki da gidan cin abinci, Lemon da Thyme Macjoe, wanda ke Boston, Massachusetts. Ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin fina-finai tana fitowa a cikin fitowar kamar Last Day Married, Cold dish, Bigger fish, 30 da guda, Blind marriage, da Sharing London sabon fim din da za a samu nan ba da daɗewa ba''Ranar da ta gabata Auren, abinci mai sanyi, Babban kifi, 30 da guda, auren makafi, da Sharing London sabon fim din da za a samu nan ba da daɗewa ba'' === Fitarwa === A cikin 2018, ta fara samar da fina-finai na kanta tare da samar da ''Red'', wanda aka fara a gidan talabijin na Ibaka, tare da [[Nonso Diobi]], [[Ifeanyi Kalu]] da Macjoe a matsayin jagora.<ref name="RED">{{Cite web |title=Red – New Blockbuster Movie 2018 Starring Mercy MacJoe, Nonso Diobi, Ifeanyi Kalu. |url=https://www.neareel.com/red-new-blockbuster-movie-2018-starring-mercy-macjoe-nonso-diobi-ifeanyi-kalu/ |access-date=13 February 2020 |website=Near Reel |publisher= |archive-date=13 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213120648/https://www.neareel.com/red-new-blockbuster-movie-2018-starring-mercy-macjoe-nonso-diobi-ifeanyi-kalu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2019, ta samar da fina-finai guda uku, 30 da Single, an harbe ta a London, Love in a Puff da Passion's Promise . == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Abin da ya faru !Kyautar !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon |- |2016 |Kyaututtuka na kururuwa |Fim ɗin Ru'ya ta Shekara (Mata) |Rahama Macjoe|{{Won}} |- |2017 |Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2017 |title=City People Releases Nomination List For 2017 Movie Awards |url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/city-people-releases-nomination-list-2017-movie-awards/ |access-date=13 February 2020 |website=City People Magazine |publisher=Chinedu Adiele}}</ref> |Mafi kyawun sabuwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |Rahama Macjoe|{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a ta Birni <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2018 |title=Nominees For 2018 City People Movie Awards [FULL LIST] |url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/nominees-for-2018-city-people-movie-awards-full-list/ |access-date=13 February 2020 |website=City People Magazine |publisher=Chidera Nwachukwu}}</ref> |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo - Mata |Rahama Macjoe|{{Nom}} |- |Kyautar CA, London |Mafi kyawun Actor (Mata) |Rahama Macjoe|{{Won}} |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |Kyautar jin kai |Mashahurin Dan kasuwa na Shekara |Rahama Macjoe|{{Won}} |- |GMYT Kyautar Taimako ta Afirka |Mafi Kyawun Shahararren Shekara |Rahama Macjoe|{{Won}} |- |Hollywood da African Prestigious Awards, Los Angeles |Mafi kyawun Fim mai zaman kansa (Afirka) |''Ƙauna a cikin Fushi''|{{Won}} |- |2024 |Dcemaward Atlanta Georgia |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa na Duniya da Mafi kyawun Actress |Rahama Macjoe |Ya ci nasara |} == Hotunan fina-finai == === Hotunan da aka zaɓa ===   == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] 8gvzr1u7hvo35temaqtb6b4621l5yds 0 20871 968050 468852 2026-10-16T02:15:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jam'iyyar Labour''' jam'iyya ce ta siyasa ta dimokaraɗiyya a [[Najeriya]] . A ranar 21 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2007 [[Majalisar Najeriya|Nijeriya majalisar dokokin]] zaben, jam'iyyar lashe 1 daga 360 kujeru a majalisar wakilai da kuma babu kujeru a cikin [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|majalisar dattijai]] . Fitaccen dan takarar na jam’iyyar a [[Ondo (jiha)|jihar Ondo]], [[Olusegun Mimiko]], ya zama gwamnan jihar ne bayan ya samu nasarar kalubalantar shari’a.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/news/labour-party-canvasses-increase-in-minimum-wage/|title=Labour Party canvasses increase in minimum wage|access-date=2018-05-30|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615085219/https://guardian.ng/news/labour-party-canvasses-increase-in-minimum-wage/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jam’iyyar tana ba da shawarwari kan batutuwa daban-daban a matsayin yan jam’iyyar adawa, daga karin mafi karancin albashi kuma zuwa wasu batutuwa kaman Inganta rayukan ma'aikata. == Tarihi == An kafa shi a shekara ta 2002, a matsayin '''Jam'iyyar don Social Democracy''' da [[Kungiyar Kwadago ta Najeriya|Laborungiyar Labour ta Najeriya]] . Wasu daga cikin tsofaffin mambobin jam’iyyar sun hada da Dr. [[Olusegun Mimiko]], tsohon gwamnan [[Ondo (jiha)|jihar Ondo]] kuma shi kaɗai ne Gwamnan jam’iyyar Labour a Najeriya. Tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Oyo Cif Alao Akala, Adams Oshiomole, tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Edo da Dakataccen Shugaban Jam’iyyar APC, Dan takarar LP na Jihar Delta, Ogboru da dai sauransu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ndic.gov.ng/about-ndic-3/ndic-history/ |title=About NDIC: History |publisher=Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation |accessdate=2009-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506011448/http://ndic.gov.ng/about-ndic-3/ndic-history/ |archive-date=2016-05-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nigeria-law.org/Nigeria%20Deposit%20Insurance%20Corporation%20Act.htm |title=Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation Act |publisher=International Centre for Nigerian Law |accessdate=2009-09-28 |archive-date=2009-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208193448/http://nigeria-law.org/Nigeria%20Deposit%20Insurance%20Corporation%20Act.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nasbnigeria.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65&Itemid=178 |title = Member Bodies |publisher = NASB |accessdate = 2011-06-05 |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110928150408/http://www.nasbnigeria.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65&Itemid=178 |archivedate = 2011-09-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.finreg21.com/news/nigeria-banks-bank-regulators |title=Nigeria Banks: Bank Regulators |publisher=Economist Intelligence Unit |accessdate=2009-09-28 |archive-date=2010-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822150658/http://www.finreg21.com/news/nigeria-banks-bank-regulators |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=O3EWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=sB4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=5766,1047930&dq=nigeria-deposit-insurance-corporation |title=Nigeria Clamps Down on Rogue Bank Directors |date=Apr 13, 1996 |publisher=New Straits Times |accessdate=2009-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.microcapital.org/microcapital-story-nigerian-deposit-insurance-corporation-ndic-insures-microfinance-institutions/ |title=Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) Insures Microfinance Institutions |date=December 17, 2007 |publisher=Prisma MicroFinance Inc. |accessdate=2009-09-28}}</ref> == 2007 zaben jihar Legas == Femi Pedro, tsohon Mataimakin Gwamnan [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], ya sauya sheka daga Jam’iyyar Action Congress yayin da yake ofishi don nuna adawa da [[Bola Tinubu|fifita ‘yan takarar Gwamna na wancan lokacin Bola Tinubu]] a Jihar Legas, kuma ya tsaya takara a matsayin dan takarar Jam’iyyar Labour a zaben Gwamna na shekara ta 2007. . Ya fadi zaben ne a hannun [[Babatunde Fashola]] . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == [[Category:Jam'iyyun siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Jam'iyyun siyasa]] [[Category:'Yan Siyasa]] [[Category:Yan'siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] f32xjqj0ycj5azidt4g5rmicxerawjf 4 21908 967995 967663 2026-10-15T21:27:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 967995 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Halima sani|Halima sani]] |[[Special:Contributions/Halima sani|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 13 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |2 |[[User:TheLizard8|TheLizard8]] |[[Special:Contributions/TheLizard8|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 13 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |3 |[[User:GeorgeCaulfield|GeorgeCaulfield]] |[[Special:Contributions/GeorgeCaulfield|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 13 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |4 |[[User:S k , Khalit|S k , Khalit]] |[[Special:Contributions/S k , Khalit|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 13 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Laco4D|Laco4D]] |[[Special:Contributions/Laco4D|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |6 |[[User:FútbolARG|FútbolARG]] |[[Special:Contributions/FútbolARG|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Sadik B Danladi|Sadik B Danladi]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sadik B Danladi|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 14 ga Oktoba 2026 |- 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Al-Muhit|M. Al-Muhit]] |[[Special:Contributions/M. Al-Muhit|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 15 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |46 |[[User:Nico|Nico]] |[[Special:Contributions/Nico|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 15 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |47 |[[User:Paulin Méry|Paulin Méry]] |[[Special:Contributions/Paulin Méry|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 15 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |48 |[[User:JanaJin|JanaJin]] |[[Special:Contributions/JanaJin|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 15 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |49 |[[User:DuckyNL|DuckyNL]] |[[Special:Contributions/DuckyNL|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 15 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |50 |[[User:Tylerbeachum|Tylerbeachum]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tylerbeachum|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 15 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |} 74sw3dplac6mnohih5wog6t6p0qnjqm 0 22720 968155 789572 2026-10-16T10:05:36Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Kirkira */ 968155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Phone.svg|thumb|wayar salulah]] [[File:Celular samsung.jpg|thumb|wayar hannu]] [[File:2007Computex e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg|thumb|hoton mutumin daya kirkiran Wayar hannu]] [[File:Traditional cell phone vs Smart phone.jpg|thumb|wayan hannu ta zamani]] [[File:Motorola A1200 vs Motorola Rokr E1.jpg|thumb|wayar Motorola ta zamani]] [[Fayil:Mobile Phone Evolution 1992 - 2014.jpg|thumb|Set of phone]] '''Wayar hannu''' (salula) wata na'ura ce wacce me jawo nesa kusa, me debe kewa me daga ko saukarda tattalin arzikin mutum. waya hannu waya ce wadda mutum na iya sada zumunci a ko ina a faɗin duniya kuma mutum zai iya jun muryar ka.<ref>zahiri</ref> ==Tarihi== ===Kirkira=== Ita dai wayar hannu wato (salula) waya wata irin na'urace ce wacce aka kirkireta 1973, ta hanyar Dr. Cooper Dan kasar Amurka ne, kuma an haife shi ranar 26 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1928. Ya girma a garin cikago kuma ya yi digiri a fannin Injiniyan lantarki. A shekarar 1954 ne, kamfanin Motorola ya dauki hayar sa, inda ya yiwa kamfanin aiki wajen samar da yan-madaidaitan kayayyaki, musamman ma dai na sadarwa. Daga cikin abubuwan da ya yi wa wannan kamfani har da radiyon hannu ta sadarwa tsakanin yan-sanda. Kai shine ma mutumin da ya fara yin irin wannan radio ta sadarwa a Duniya, a shekara 1967. lokacin da yake aiki da kamfanin Motorola, wanda ya samu daman zama shugaban masu bincike a kamfanin. a hakika shine Mutumin da ya samu nasarar yin kira na farko a Duniya ta amfani da wayar Salula. Kuma ya yi wannan kira ne daga wani wajen hada-hadar Mutane a garin New York, Ranar 3, ga watan Afrilu, 1973. In da ya kira wani abokin hamayyarsa yace da shi“Joe ina kiranka ne da wata na’urar wayar Salula ta hannu yar-madaidaiciya’’ ===Kasuwarta=== Bayan shekaru 10 da kirkiro ta ne, aka fara sayar da wayar ta Salula a kasuwa, lokacin da kamfanin '''Motorola''' ya fara fito da ita akan farashi na $3,500. Amma abin mamaki duk da waɗannan makudan kudi na wayar ta Salula a wancan lokaci. Amma ba tare da wani tsawon lokaci ba, sai wannan sabuwar fasaha ta samu karɓuwa ka’in da na’in. ===Farin jini=== Wayar hannu dai ta zamo tamkar zuciyar al'umma tayanda mutum baya iya rayuwa saida ita ,Babu shakka batun wayar salula abune da ya dabaibaye Duniya a Halin yanzu. Da dai kafin zuwan wayar Salula, Mutane suna rayuwarsu ne hankalinsu a kwance, amma yanzu da wayar Salula ta zama ruwan-dare game Duniya, babu wanda yake so ya rayu ba tare da ita ba. To shin zargi zamu yi ko kuma godiya ga wanda ya kirkiro mana da wannan abu, wanda yake cinye wa mutane kudi? To imma dai zarginne ko kuma yabon, to wanda za’a zarga ko baya bayanai sun gabata kan tasirin mu'amala da wayar salula, ga al'umma baki daya, da kuma tasirin hakan ga kebantattun mutane.  Wannan na da muhimmanci wajen taimaka wa mai amfani da wayar salula ya san yadda zai yi, don kada ya afka cikin wadannan munanan tasiri su shafe shi. Duk wani abu na mu'amala yana da bangare biyu ne; da bangaren amfani, da kuma bangaren cutarwa. Ya danganci yadda mai amfani da abin yayi.  A yau kuma ga bayanai kan tsarin amfani da wayar salula a warware. Domin sanin tsarin amfani da wayar salula ne zai taimaka wa mai mu'amala fahimtar hanyoyin da zai bi wajen magance dukkan matsalolin da ke jawo munanan tasiri wajen mu'amala da wayar salula.kuma a yaba shine Dr. Martin Cooper. ==Tasiri== A baya bayanai sun gabata kan tasirin mu'amala da wayar salula, ga al'umma baki daya, da kuma tasirin hakan ga kebantattun mutane. Wannan na da muhimmanci wajen taimakawa mai amfani da wayar salula ya san yadda zai yi, don kada ya afka cikin wadannan munanan tasiri su shafe shi. Duk wani abu na mu'amala yana da bangare biyu ne; da bangaren amfani, da kuma bangaren cutarwa. Ya danganci yadda mai amfani da abin yayi.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/vert_fut/2015/08/150807_vert_fut_future_of_education_in_africa_is_mobile</ref><ref>http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.com/2013/02/tsarin-muamala-da-wayar-salula-1-10.html?m=1</ref><ref>https://m.dw.com/ha/waye-ya-kirkiro-wayar-salula/a-2842623{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/vert_fut/2015/08/150807_vert_fut_future_of_education_in_africa_is_mobile</ref> ==Manazarta== epzgtw16i4am7udumqzqb3wqbbedgz7 0 24107 968085 881229 2026-10-16T07:51:52Z Nura Bello 24854 968085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Halle Berry by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|thumb|Halle Berry]] '''Halle Berry Maria'''<ref>https://people.com/archive/eric-benets-confessions-vol-64-no-2/</ref> ( /h æ l i / . an haife ta '''Maria Halle Berry.''' ranar 14 ga watan Agusta shekarar alif 1966) <ref>Although ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica Kids]]'' [http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-9389354/Halle-Berry gives a 1968 birthdate], ([https://web.archive.org/web/20120817132742/http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-9389354/Halle-Berry archived] from the original on August 17, 2012), she stated in interviews prior to August 2006 that she would turn{{Spaces}}40 then. See: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090103001746/http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/celebrity/Halle%2BBerry-9679.html FemaleFirst], [https://web.archive.org/web/20060525074438/http://www.darkhorizons.com/news06/berry.php DarkHorizons], [http://www.filmmonthly.com/Profiles/Articles/HalleBerryX3/HalleBerryX3.html FilmMonthly], and see also [https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/07/20/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main630707.shtml Profile], cbsnews.com; accessed May 5, 2007.</ref> ne American actress. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin abin ƙira kuma ta shiga gasannin kyakkyawa da yawa, ta gama a matsayin farkon mai tsere a gasar Miss USA kuma ta zo ta shida a cikin Miss World dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da shida 1986 . Matsayin fim ɗin ta na nasara ya kasance a cikin wasan ''barkwanci Boomerang'' dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da biyu (1992), tare da Eddie Murphy, wanda ya haifar da matsayi a cikin fina-finai, kamar wasan kwaikwayo na iyali ''The Flintstones'' dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da hudu (1994), wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na siyasa ''Bulworth'' dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da takwas (1998) da fim ɗin ''Gabatarwa. Dorothy Dandridge'' dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da tara (1999), wanda ta lashe lambar yabo ta Primetime Emmy da lambar yabo ta Golden Globe .<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1390649/Berry-recreates-a-Bond-girl-icon.html</ref><ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1389622/Berry-seeks-higher-adverts-fee.html</ref> Berry ta lashe lambar yabo ta Academy don Mafi Kyawun Jaruma saboda rawar da ta taka a fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna ''Monster's Ball'' shekarara dubu biyu da daya (2001), ta zama mace ta farko kuma mace mai launi ɗaya da ta ci kyautar. Ta ɗauki manyan mukamai don yawancin shekarun dubu biyu 2000, kamar Storm a dubu biyu (2000) da jerin abubuwan ''X2'' shekarara dubu biyu da uku (2003) da ''X-Men: The Last Stand'' shekarara dubu biyu da shida (2006); Yarinyar ɗaurin aure Jinx a cikin ''Die Wata Rana'' shekarara dubu biyu da biyu (2002); kuma a cikin ''Gothika'' mai ban sha'awa shekarara dubu biyu da uku (2003). A cikin shekarun shekarara dubu biyu da goma 2010, ta fito a fim ɗin almarar kimiyya ''Cloud Atlas'' shekarara dubu biyu da sha biyu (2012), mai laifin laifi ''Kira'' (2013) da fina-finan aikin ''X-Men: Kwanaki na Gaba da Baya'' shekarara dubu biyu da sha hudu (2014), ''Kingsman: The Golden Circle'' shekarara dubu biyu da sha bakwai (2017) da ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' shekarara dubu biyu da sha tara (2019). Berry ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da aka fi biyan kuɗi a Hollywood a cikin shekarun 2000, kuma tana da hannu wajen shirya fina-finai da yawa da ta yi. Berry shima mai magana da yawun Revlon ne. Ta taba yin aure da dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa David Justice, mawaƙa-mawaƙa Eric Benét, da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Olivier Martinez . Tana da yaro kowanne da Martinez da samfurin Gabriel Aubry . An haifi Berry Maria Halle Berry; An canza sunanta bisa doka zuwa Halle Maria Berry tana ɗan shekara biyar. Iyayen ta sun zaɓi sunanta na tsakiya daga Shagon Sashen Halle, wanda a lokacin ya zama alamar ƙasa a wurin haifuwarta na Cleveland, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . <ref name="actors">"Halle Berry". ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]''. [[Bravo (U.S. TV network)|Bravo]], October 29, 2007.</ref> Mahaifiyarta, Judith Ann ( née Hawkins), <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/nolavconsole/ukfs_news/hi/newsid_4990000/newsid_4996500/nb_rm_4996532.stm "Halle Berry looking for X factor"]. ''BBC''. Retrieved February 7, 2007.</ref> fari ce kuma an haife ta a [[Liverpool]], [[Birtaniya|Ingila]]. <ref>[https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/halles-liverpool-roots-3559287 "Halle's Liverpool Roots" ]. ''Liverpool Echo''. Accessed July 31, 2019.</ref> Judith Ann ta yi aiki a matsayin likitan jinya. Mahaifinta, Jerome Jesse Berry, ma'aikacin Asibitin Ba'amurke ne a asibitin masu tabin hankali inda mahaifiyarta ke aiki; daga baya ya zama direban bas. <ref name="actors" /> Iyayen Berry sun sake aure lokacin tana ɗan shekara huɗu; ita da 'yar uwarta, Heidi Berry-Henderson, mahaifiyarsu ce ta yi renon su kaɗai. <ref name="actors" /> Berry ta ce a cikin rahotannin da aka buga cewa ta nisanta da mahaifinta tun tana ƙuruciya, <ref name="actors">"Halle Berry". ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]''. [[Bravo (U.S. TV network)|Bravo]], October 29, 2007.</ref> lura a 1992, "Ban taɓa jin labarin sa ba tun [ya tafi]. Wataƙila ba shi da rai. ” Mahaifinta ya zagi mahaifiyar ta sosai. Berry ta tuno yadda ta ga yadda ake yiwa mahaifiyar ta dukan tsiya yau da kullun, ta harba matakala sannan ta bugi kan ta da kwalbar giya. Berry ta girma a Oakwood, Ohio <ref>[http://people.com/archive/the-woman-who-would-be-queen-vol-39-no-7/ The Woman Who Would Be Queen | PEOPLE.com] Retrieved May 20, 2018.</ref> kuma ta sauke karatu daga Makarantar Sakandaren Bedford inda ta kasance mai farin ciki, ɗalibi mai daraja, editan jaridar makaranta da kuma sarauniya. Ta yi aiki a sashen yara a shagon Sashen Higbee. Sannan ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Al'umma ta Cuyahoga . A cikin shekarun 1980, ta shiga gasa masu kyau da yawa, inda ta lashe Miss Teen All American a 1985 da Miss Ohio USA a 1986. Ita ce Miss USA ta farko da ta zo ta biyu a tseren Christy Fichtner na [[Texas]]. A gasar hira ta Miss USA 1986, ta ce tana fatan zama mai nishadantarwa ko kuma tana da alaƙa da kafofin watsa labarai. Alƙalan sun ba ta hirar ta mafi ƙima. Ita ce Ba'amurke ta farko da ta shiga gasar Miss World a shekarar 1986, inda ta kare a matsayi na shida sannan Giselle Laronde ta [[Trinidad da Tobago]] ta zama Miss World. Dangane da ''Littafin Littafin Tarihi na Yanzu'', Berry "... ya bi aikin yin samfuri a [[New York (birni)|New York]] . . . Makonnin farko na Berry a New York ba su da daɗi: Ta kwana a cikin mafaka mara gida sannan a cikin YMCA. ” == Sana'a == === Farkon aiki === A cikin shekarar 1989, Berry ya ƙaura zuwa New York City don bin burin burinta. A lokacin farkon ta a can, ta rasa kuɗi kuma dole ne ta zauna na ɗan lokaci a cikin mafaka mara gida. <ref>"Halle Berry: From homeless shelter to Hollywood fame" (April 2007). ''[[Reader's Digest]]'' (White Plains, New York USA: Reader's Digest Association, Inc.), p. 89: Reader's Digest: "Is it true that when you moved to New York to begin your acting career, you lived in a shelter?" Berry: "Very briefly. ... I wasn't working for a while."</ref> <ref>''[[US Weekly]]'' (April 27, 2007). "Halle Berry was homeless. Berry slept at a shelter in NYC after her mom refused to send her money."</ref> Yanayinta ya inganta a ƙarshen waccan shekarar, kuma an jefa ta cikin rawar abin koyi Emily Franklin a cikin ɗan gajeren jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ABC ''Living Dolls'', wanda aka harba a New York kuma ya kasance farkon jerin jerin wa ''Wanene Boss?'' . <ref name="CurrentBio1999" /> A lokacin da ake buga wa 'Yar tsana ''rai'', ta faɗi cikin suma kuma an gano tana da ciwon sukari na 1 . <ref>Pérez-Peña, Richard (May 17, 2006). [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/17/nyregion/17diabetes.html Beyond 'I'm a Diabetic', Little Common Ground], ''[[The New York Times]]''; accessed December 24, 2010.</ref> <ref>Hoskins, Mike (April 25, 2013). [http://www.diabetesmine.com/2013/04/revisiting-the-great-halle-berry-diabetes-ruckus.html "Revisiting the Great Halle Berry Diabetes Ruckus"], DiabetesMine.com; accessed March 20, 2013.</ref> Bayan sokewar ''Dolls'', ta koma Los Angeles. <ref name="CurrentBio1999" /> [[File:Halle_Berry_signs_autographs_for_US_soldiers_in_Bosnia-Herzegovina.jpg|alt=Dressed in brown leather jacket, Berry looks up smiling.|thumb| Berry ya rattaba hannu kan takaddama don sojojin Amurka a Bosnia da Herzegovina, 1996]] Farkon fim ɗin Berry ya kasance cikin ƙaramin rawar ga ''Jungle Fever'' na Spike Lee (1991), inda ta taka Vivian, mai shan muggan ƙwayoyi. <ref name="actors">"Halle Berry". ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]''. [[Bravo (U.S. TV network)|Bravo]], October 29, 2007.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Berry tana da rawar farko tare a cikin ''Tsananin Kasuwanci'' . A cikin 1992, Berry ya nuna mace mai ƙwazo wacce ta faɗi matsayin jagorar Eddie Murphy a cikin wasan ''barkwanci na Boomerang'' . A shekara mai zuwa, ta dauki hankalin jama'a a matsayin babban bawan kabila a cikin karbuwa na TV na ''Sarauniya: Labarin Iyalin Amurka'', dangane da littafin Alex Haley . Berry yana cikin ''fim ɗin Flintstones mai rai'' wanda ke wasa da "Sharon Stone," sakataren sultry wanda ke ƙoƙarin lalata Fred Flintstone. <ref name="Sharon">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/entertainment/2002/oscars_2002/1814191.stm "Berry: Ripe for success"], [[BBC News]], March 25, 2002; accessed February 19, 2007.</ref> Berry ya taka muhimmiyar rawa, yana wasa tsohon mai shan muggan kwayoyi yana fafutukar sake dawo da riƙon ɗanta a ''Rasa Ishaya'' (1995), tare da Jessica Lange . Ta yi hoton Sandra Beecher a ''Race the Sun'' (1996), wanda ya dogara kan labari na gaskiya, wanda aka harba a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], kuma ya yi aiki tare tare da Kurt Russell a cikin ''Hukuncin zartarwa'' . Farawa daga 1996, ta kasance mai magana da yawun Revlon na shekaru bakwai kuma ta sabunta kwangilarta a 2004. Ta yi tauraro tare da Natalie Deselle Reid a fim ɗin barkwanci na 1997 ''B*A*P*S'' . A cikin shekarun 1998, Berry ta karɓi yabo saboda rawar da ta taka a ''Bulworth'' a matsayin mace mai hankali da masu gwagwarmaya suka taso wanda ya ba wani ɗan siyasa ( Warren Beatty ) sabuwar yarjejeniya kan rayuwa. A wannan shekarar, ta buga mawaƙa Zola Taylor, ɗaya daga cikin matan mawaƙan mawaƙan mawaƙa Frankie Lymon, a cikin tarihin rayuwar ''Me yasa wawaye suka faɗi cikin ƙauna'' . A cikin HBO biopic ''na 1999 Gabatar da Dorothy Dandridge'', ta nuna mace Ba'amurke ta farko da aka zaɓa don lambar yabo ta Academy don Kyawun 'Yar Fim, kuma ita ce Berry wani aikin jin daɗin zuciya wanda ta gabatar, haɗin gwiwa tare da yin gwagwarmaya sosai. domin ta koma. <ref name="actors">"Halle Berry". ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]''. [[Bravo (U.S. TV network)|Bravo]], October 29, 2007.</ref> An san aikin Berry tare da kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da Kyautar Primetime Emmy Award da Golden Globe Award . === 2000s === Berry ya nuna mahaukaciyar guguwa mai rikitarwa a cikin daidaita fim ɗin jerin fina-finai mai ban dariya ''X-Men'' (2000) da jerin abubuwansa, ''X2'' (2003), ''X-Men: The Last Stand'' (2006) da ''X-Men: Days of Future Past'' ( 2014). A 2001, Berry ta bayyana a cikin film ''katon kifi'', wanda featured ta farko tsirara scene. <ref name="Hyland">Hyland, Ian (September 2, 2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20100701225947/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4161/is_20010902/ai_n14532259/ "The Diary: Halle's bold glory"], ''[[Sunday Mirror]]''; accessed July 5, 2009.</ref> Da farko, ta kasance tana adawa da yanayin faɗuwar rana a cikin fim ɗin wanda za ta bayyana ba ta da kyau, amma daga ƙarshe Berry ya yarda. Wasu mutane sun danganta canjin zuciyar ta zuwa ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin adadin da Warner Bros. ya ba ta; <ref>Davies, Hugh (February 7, 2001). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1310430/Halle-Berry-earns-extra-357000-for-topless-scene.html "Halle Berry earns extra £357,000 for topless scene"], ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]''; accessed April 29, 2008.</ref> an ba da rahoton an biya ta ƙarin $ 500,000 don gajeriyar yanayin. <ref>D'Souza, Christa (December 31, 2001). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4727871/And-the-winner-is....html "And the winner is..."], ''The Telegraph''; accessed August 16, 2010.</ref> Berry ya ƙaryata waɗannan labaran, yana gaya wa wani mai yin tambayoyin cewa sun yi mata nishaɗi kuma "an yi su don tallata fim ɗin." <ref name="Hyland" /> <ref>[http://cinema.com/articles/471/swordfish-interview-with-halle-berry.phtml "Swordfish: Interview With Halle Berry"], Cinema.com. Accessed May 10, 2012.</ref> Bayan ta yi watsi da ayyuka da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar tsiraici, ta ce ta yanke shawarar yin ''Swordfish'' saboda mijinta na lokacin, Eric Benét, ya tallafa mata kuma ya ƙarfafa ta ta shiga haɗari. <ref name="ebony">"Halle's big year" (November 2002), ''[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]''.</ref> Berry ya bayyana a matsayin Leticia Musgrove, matar da ke cikin damuwa na mai kisan kai ( Sean Combs ), a cikin fim ɗin Fim ɗin ''Monster's'' 2001. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Kwamitin Bincike na Ƙasa da Kyautar 'Yan Jarida Guild Award for Best Actress; a cikin daidaituwa mai ban sha'awa ta zama mace Ba'amurkiya ta farko da ta lashe lambar yabo ta Academy for Best Actress (a farkon aikinta, ta nuna Dorothy Dandridge, Ba'amurke na farko da aka zaɓa don mafi kyawun 'yar wasa, kuma wanda aka haife shi a asibiti ɗaya Berry, a Cleveland, Ohio). <ref name="peo2">[http://www.people.com/people/halle_berry/biography/0,,20004436_10,00.html "Halle Berry Biography: Page 2"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108020321/http://www.people.com/people/halle_berry/biography/0,,20004436_10,00.html |date=2011-01-08 }}, People.com; accessed December 20, 2007.</ref> Hukumar NAACP ta fitar da sanarwar: “Ina taya Halle Berry da Denzel Washington murna saboda ba mu fata da sanya mu alfahari. Idan wannan alama ce cewa a ƙarshe Hollywood a shirye take ta ba da dama da yin hukunci bisa ga fasaha ba akan launin fata ba to abu ne mai kyau. " <ref>"NAACP Congratulates Halle Berry, Denzel Washington" (March 2002), ''U.S. Newswire''; accessed October 29, 2015.</ref> Wannan rawar ta haifar da jayayya. Yanayin soyayya ta tsirara mai hoto tare da halayyar wariyar launin fata wanda tauraron tauraron Billy Bob Thornton ya buga shine batun hirar kafofin watsa labarai da tattaunawa tsakanin Baƙin Amurkawa. Mutane da yawa a cikin jama'ar Ba-Amurkan sun soki Berry saboda ɗaukar wannan matakin. <ref name="ebony">"Halle's big year" (November 2002), ''[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]''.</ref> Berry ya amsa: "Ban ga dalilin da zai sa na sake yin nisa ba. Wannan fim ne na musamman. Wannan yanayin ya kasance na musamman kuma mai mahimmanci kuma ana buƙatar kasancewa a wurin, kuma zai zama ainihin rubutun musamman wanda zai buƙaci wani abu makamancin haka. " <ref name="ebony" /> [[File:Halle_Berry_in_Hamburg,_2004.jpg|alt=Upper body shot of Berry dressed in brown and gold evening gown and holding an autograph pen.|thumb| Berry a Hamburg, Jamus a 2004]] Berry ya nemi ƙarin kuɗi don tallan Revlon bayan ya lashe Oscar. Shugaban kamfanin kayan shafe -shafe Ron Perelman, ya taya ta murna, inda ya ce yadda ya yi farin ciki da ta yi wa kamfaninsa kwalliya. Ta amsa, "Tabbas, za ku biya ni ƙarin." Perelman ya ja da baya cikin fushi. <ref>Davies, Hugh (April 2, 2002). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1389622/Berry-seeks-higher-adverts-fee.html "Berry seeks higher adverts fee"], ''The Telegraph''; accessed April 1, 2008.</ref> A cikin karban kyautar ta, ta ba da jawabin karramawa inda ta karrama jaruman fina -finan da ba su taba samun dama ba. Ta ce, “Wannan lokacin ya fi ni girma. Wannan ya kasance ga kowace mace marar suna, marar fuska mace mai launi wacce yanzu ta sami dama yau da dare saboda an buɗe wannan ƙofa. ” <ref>Poole, Oliver (March 26, 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20081002215826/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1388917/Oscar-night-belongs-to-Hollywoods-black-actors.html "Oscar night belongs to Hollywood's black actors"], ''The Telegraph''; accessed April 1, 2008.</ref> A matsayinta na 'yar Bond Giacinta' Jinx 'Johnson a cikin fitacciyar jarumar fim ɗin 2002 ta ''mutu Wata Rana'', Berry ta sake ɗaukar hoto daga ''Dr. A'a'', ta fito daga cikin ruwa don yin gaisuwa da James Bond kamar yadda Ursula Andress ta yi shekaru 40 da suka gabata. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1390649/Berry-recreates-a-Bond-girl-icon.html "Berry recreates a Bond girl icon"] (April 12, 2002), ''Telegraph Observer''.</ref> Lindy Hemming, mai zanen kaya a ranar ''Die Wata'', ta dage cewa Berry ya sa bikini da wuka don girmamawa. Berry ya ce game da abin da ya faru: "Yana da daɗi", "mai ban sha'awa", "sexy", "tsokana" da "zai sa ni har yanzu a can bayan lashe Oscar." <ref name="ebony">"Halle's big year" (November 2002), ''[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]''.</ref> An harbi yanayin bikin a Cadiz ; An ba da rahoton wurin ya yi sanyi da iska, kuma an fitar da hoton Berry da aka nannade cikin tawul mai kauri a tsakanin ɗaukar don ƙoƙarin ɗumama ɗumi. <ref>''Die Another Day'' Special Edition DVD 2002.</ref> Dangane da zaben labarai na ITV, an zaɓi Jinx a matsayin yarinya mafi ƙarfi ta huɗu akan allo koyaushe. Berry ya ji rauni yayin yin fim lokacin da tarkace daga gurneti mai hayaƙi ya shiga cikin idonta. An cire shi a cikin aiki na mintina 30. <ref>Hugh Davies (April 10, 2002). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/1390372/Halle-Berry-hurt-in-blast-during-Bond-film-scene.html "Halle Berry hurt in a blast during Bond film scene."] ''The Telegraph''; accessed April 1, 2008.</ref> Bayan Berry ya ci lambar yabo ta Kwalejin, an ba da izinin sake rubutawa don ba ta ƙarin lokacin aiki don ''X2'' . Ta yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa na tunani ''Gothika'' gaban Robert Downey, Jr. a cikin Nuwamba 2003, lokacin da ta karye hannunta a wani yanayi tare da Downey, wanda ya karkatar da hannunta da ƙarfi. An dakatar da samarwa tsawon makonni takwas. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040412213919/http://www.ivillage.co.uk/newspol/celeb/cint/articles/0,,528729_627671,00.html "Halle Berry talks about Gothika"], iVillage.co.uk; accessed October 29, 2015.</ref> Ya kasance matsakaici ne a ofishin akwatin Amurka, yana ɗaukar $ 60&nbsp;miliyan; ya sake samun $ 80&nbsp;miliyan a kasashen waje. <ref name="action">Sharon Waxman (July 21, 2004). [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0DE4DF113AF932A15754C0A9629C8B63 "Making Her Leap Into an Arena Of Action; Halle Berry Mixes Sexiness With Strength"], ''New York Times''. Accessed April 1, 2008.</ref> Berry bayyana a cikin nu karfe band yi ɗingishi Bizkit 's music video for " Behind Blue Eyes " ga motsi hoto soundtrack ga fim. A wannan shekara, ta mai suna # 1 a ''FHM'' {{'}} 100 Sexiest Women a Duniya zabe. <ref>"FHM Readers Name Scarlett Johansson World's Sexiest Woman; Actress Tops Voting in FHM's 100 Sexiest Women in the World 2006 Readers' Poll" (March 27, 2006), ''[[Business Wire]]''; accessed January 1, 2008.</ref> Berry ta yi tauraro a matsayin matsayin taken a cikin fim ɗin ''Catwoman'', <ref name="action"/> wanda ta karɓi dalar Amurka 12.5&nbsp;miliyan. Sama da dalar Amurka 100&nbsp;miliyan fim; ya tara dalar Amurka 17 kawai&nbsp;miliyan a karshen mako na farko, <ref>David Gritten (July 30, 2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20040803035024/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=%2Farts%2F2004%2F07%2F30%2Fbfgrit30.xml "Curse of the Best Actress Oscar"], ''The Telegraph''; accessed October 29, 2015.</ref> kuma masu sukar suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗayan mafi munin fina -finan da aka taɓa yi . An ba ta lambar yabo mafi kyawun Razzie Award saboda rawar da ta taka; ta bayyana a bikin don karɓar kyautar a cikin mutum (yayin da take riƙe da Oscar daga ''Monster's Ball'' ) tare da jin daɗin jin daɗi, la'akari da shi ƙwarewar "ƙasan dutsen" don zama "a saman." Riƙe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin a hannu ɗaya da Razzie a ɗayan ta ce, "A rayuwata ban taɓa tunanin zan tashi a nan ba, in lashe Razzie! Ba kamar na taba burin kasancewa a nan ba, amma na gode. Lokacin da nake yaro, mahaifiyata ta gaya min cewa idan ba za ku iya zama mai hasara mai kyau ba, to babu yadda za ku zama mai nasara. ” <ref name="peo2"/> [[File:Halle_Berry_-_USS_Kearsarge_a.jpg|alt=Head and shoulders shot of a smiling Berry with dark hair pulled back, wearing a lace shirt and turquoise necklace.|left|thumb| Berry, yana ziyarta tare da matuƙan jirgin ruwa da Sojojin Ruwa a lokacin buɗe ranar Makon Fleet, New York, 2006]] Fitowar fim ɗin ta na gaba ya kasance a cikin Oprah Winfrey -wanda aka samar da fim ɗin talabijin na ABC ''Idanunsu Suna Kallon Allah'' (2005), daidaitawa na littafin Zora Neale Hurston, tare da Berry yana nuna mace mai 'yanci wanda rashin jin daɗin jima'i na yau da kullun ya tayar da hankalin mutanen zamanin ta 1920. karamar al'umma. Ta sami lambar yabo ta Primetime Emmy Award na biyu saboda rawar da ta taka. Hakanan a cikin 2005, ta yi aiki a matsayin babban mai samarwa a cikin ''Lackawanna Blues'', kuma ta sauko muryarta don halayen Cappy, ɗaya daga cikin ɗimbin injiniyoyi da yawa a cikin fasalin ''Robots'' . <ref>Bob Grimm (March 17, 2005). [http://www.tucsonweekly.com/gbase/Cinema/Content?oid=oid%3A66782 "CGI City"], ''[[Tucson Weekly]]''; accessed October 28, 2015.</ref> A cikin mai ban sha'awa ''Perfect Stranger'' (2007), Berry ta yi tauraro tare da Bruce Willis, tana wasa mai labaru wanda ke ɓoye don gano wanda ya kashe abokin yarinta. Fim ɗin ya tara dalar Amurka miliyan 73 a duk faɗin duniya, kuma ya karɓi sake dubawa mai ɗumi -ɗumi daga masu suka, waɗanda ke jin cewa duk da kasancewar Berry da Willis, "ya yi yawa don yin aiki, kuma yana fasalta karkatacciyar ƙarewa da ke ba da haushi da wuce gona da iri." Fitowar fim din ta na 2007 na gaba shine wasan kwaikwayo ''Abubuwa da muka Rasa a cikin Wuta'', tare da Benicio del Toro, inda ta ɗauki matsayin wata gwauruwa ta kwanan nan tana ƙawance da abokin damuwar mijinta. Fim ɗin shi ne karo na farko da ta yi aiki tare da darektar mata, Danish Susanne Bier, inda ta ba ta sabon yanayin "tunani iri ɗaya," wanda ta yaba. <ref>[https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20051677,00.html "Things We Lost in the Fire"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105132358/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20051677,00.html|date=2015-01-05}}, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', October 15, 2007.</ref> Yayin da fim ɗin ya sami dalar Amurka miliyan 8.6 a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na duniya, ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga marubuta; ''Austin Chronicle ya'' sami fim ɗin da cewa "an gina shi sosai kuma an yi wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayo na cikin gida da na cikin gida" kuma yana jin cewa "Berry yana da ƙima a nan, gwargwadon yadda ta kasance." A cikin watan Afrilu 2007, an ba Berry tauraro a Hollywood Walk of Fame a gaban gidan wasan kwaikwayon Kodak a 6801 Hollywood Boulevard saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar fim, kuma a ƙarshen shekaru goma, ta kafa kanta a matsayin ɗayan mafi yawan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a Hollywood, suna samun kimanin $ 10&nbsp;miliyan a kowane fim. === 2010s === A cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa ''Frankie da Alice'' (2010), Berry ta taka muhimmiyar rawa na wata matashiyar Ba'amurkiya mai bambancin launin fata wacce ke gwagwarmaya da halayen ta na canzawa don riƙe ainihin kanta. Fim ɗin ya sami takaitaccen sakin wasan kwaikwayo, don mayar da martani mai mahimmanci. ''Dan Jaridar Hollywood'' duk da haka ya bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "wasan kwaikwayo na tunani mai kyau wanda ya shiga cikin duhu na tunanin mace ɗaya" kuma ya sami Berry yana "ɓarna" a ciki. Ta sami lambar yabo ta Ƙungiyar Masu sukar Fina-Finan Afirka don Kyakkyawar Jaruma da lambar yabo ta Golden Globe Award for Best Actress-Motion Picture Drama . Daga baya ta zama wani babban abin jigo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Garry Marshall ''Sabuwar Shekarar Hauwa'u'' (2011), tare da Michelle Pfeiffer, Jessica Biel, Robert De Niro, Josh Duhamel, Zac Efron, Sarah Jessica Parker, da Sofía Vergara, a tsakanin da yawa wasu. A cikin fim ɗin, ta ɗauki nauyin tallafawa wata ma'aikaciyar jinya ta yi abota da wani mutum a matakin ƙarshe (De Niro). Yayin da masu suka suka firgita fim din, ya samu dalar Amurka miliyan 142 a duk duniya. A cikin 2012, Berry ya yi tauraro a matsayin ƙwararren malamin nutsewa tare tare da mijin Olivier Martinez a cikin ɗan ƙaramin abin da ake gani ''Dark Tide'', kuma ya jagoranci jeri na gaba da Tom Hanks da Jim Broadbent a cikin fim ɗin almara na almara na Wachowskis ''Cloud Atlas.'' (2012), tare da kowane ɗan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa haruffa daban -daban guda shida a tsawon ƙarni biyar. An yi kasafin kuɗi a dalar Amurka miliyan 128.8, ''Cloud Atlas ya'' yi dalar Amurka miliyan 130.4 a duk duniya, kuma ya haifar da martani daga masu suka da masu sauraro. [[File:Halle_Berry_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg|thumb|232x232px| Berry a 2013 San Diego Comic-Con]] Berry ya bayyana a wani sashi na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa ''Fim ɗin 43'' (2013), wanda ''Chicago Sun-Times ta'' kira " ''Citizen Kane'' of mugun." Berry ta sami babban nasara tare da aikinta na gaba, a matsayin mai aikin 9-1-1 wanda ke karɓar kira daga wata yarinya da wani mai kisan gilla ya sace, a cikin mai laifin mai laifi ''The Call'' (2013). An ja Berry zuwa "ra'ayin kasancewa wani ɓangare na fim ɗin da ke ba da ƙarfi ga mata. Ba sau da yawa muna samun irin wannan matsayin, inda talakawa ke zama jarumai kuma suke yin wani abin mamaki. ” Manohla Dargis na ''[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times ta]]'' gano fim ɗin ya zama "mai ban sha'awa mai ban tsoro," yayin da mai bita Dwight Brown ya ji cewa "rubutun yana ba Berry halayyar shuɗi-shuɗi da za ta iya sawa, mai rauni da ɓacin rai [. . . ]. " ''Kira ya'' kasance abin bacci, wanda ya tara dala miliyan 68.6 a duk duniya. A cikin 2014, Berry ya rattaba hannu kan tauraro kuma yayi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na CBS ''Extant'', <ref>[https://www.deadline.com/2013/10/halle-berry-to-topline-cbs-series-extant "Halle Berry To Topline CBS Series 'Extant'"], deadline.com, October 4, 2013.</ref> inda ta ɗauki matsayin Molly Woods, ɗan sama jannatin da ke gwagwarmayar sake haɗawa da mijinta da ɗanta na android bayan sun kashe 13 watanni a sararin samaniya. Nunin ya gudana tsawon yanayi biyu har zuwa shekarar 2015, yana samun ingantattun bita daga masu suka. <ref>[https://variety.com/2014/tv/news/cbs-sets-premiere-dates-for-under-the-dome-new-drama-extant-1201058659/ "CBS Sets Premiere Dates for 'Under the Dome', New Drama 'Extant'"], variety.com, January 15, 2014.</ref> <ref>[https://www.thewrap.com/halle-berrys-extant-premiere-pushed-week-cbs-sets-summer-slate "CBS Sets Summer Slate: Halle Berry's 'Extant' Premiere Pushed a Week"] (March 11, 2014), TheWrap.com.</ref> ''USA Today ta yi'' tsokaci: “Ita [Halle Berry] tana kawo mutunci da nauyi ga Molly, ƙwaƙƙwaran ilimin da zai ba ku damar siyan ta a matsayin ɗan sama jannati da ganin abin da ya same ta a matsayin abin tsoro maimakon abin dariya. Berry duk yana ciki, kuma kuna iyo tare. ” Hakanan a cikin 2014, Berry ya ƙaddamar da sabon kamfanin samarwa, Fina-Finan 606, tare da abokin haɗin gwiwa Elaine Goldsmith-Thomas. An sanya masa suna ne bayan Dokar Anti-Paparazzi, SB 606, wacce 'yar wasan ta tura kuma wacce Gwamnan [[California]] Jerry Brown ya sanya wa hannu a cikin dokar 2013. Sabon kamfani ya fito a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar Berry don yin aiki a ''Extant'' . <ref>[https://www.deadline.com/2014/03/halle-berry-elaine-goldsmith-thomas-name-606-films-shingle-after-anti-paparazzi-bill "Halle Berry, Elaine Goldsmith-Thomas Name 606 Films Shingle After Anti-Paparazzi Bill"], deadline.com, March 6, 2014.</ref> A cikin fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo mai ban dariya ''Kevin Hart: Menene Yanzu?'' (2016), Berry ya bayyana a matsayin kanta, yana adawa da Kevin Hart, yana halartar taron wasan karta wanda ke yin ba daidai ba. ''Kidnap'', mai ban dariya Berry wanda aka yi fim a 2014, an sake shi a cikin 2017. A cikin fim ɗin, ta yi tauraro a matsayin mai hidimar gidan cin abinci tana taɗe abin hawa lokacin da waɗanda ke cikinta suka sace ɗanta. ''Masu garkuwa da mutane sun tara'' dalar Amurka miliyan 34 kuma sun tattara dabaru daban-daban daga marubuta, wadanda ke jin cewa "yana kutsawa cikin amfani da rubutaccen rubutaccen rubutu sau da yawa don cin gajiyar fa'idar gurɓacewar sa-ko kuma har yanzu gwanin ban sha'awa na [Berry]." Daga baya ta buga wani wakili wanda ƙungiyar leƙen asirin Amurka ta yi aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai ban dariya ''Kingsman: The Golden Circle'' (2017), a matsayin wani ɓangare na simintin jeri, wanda ya ƙunshi Colin Firth, Taron Egerton, Mark Strong, Julianne Moore, da Elton John . Yayin da aka cakuda martani mai mahimmanci ga fim ɗin, ya sami dalar Amurka miliyan 414 a duk duniya. Tare da Daniel Craig, Berry ya yi tauraro a matsayin uwa mai aji yayin tarzomar 1992 Los Angeles a Deniz Gamze Ergüven 's drama ''Kings'' (2017). Fim ɗin ya sami iyakancewar wasan kwaikwayo bayan fara nuna shi a bikin Fina -Finan Duniya na Toronto, kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na liyafar ɗumi -ɗumi, ''iri -iri ya'' lura: "Yakamata a ce Berry ya ba da mafi kyawun mafi munin wasan kwaikwayon na ƙarni na huɗu da suka gabata, amma wannan wataƙila shine kawai wanda ke jujjuyawa zuwa matsanancin yanayi a fim guda. " Ta buga Sofia, mai kisan kai, a cikin fim ɗin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' , wanda Lionsgate ya fitar a ranar 17 ga Mayu, 2019. A cikin 2017, ta ba da muryoyin da ba a yarda da su ba ga waƙar, "Kira Duk Ƙaunata" ta Bruno Mars daga kundin ɗakin studio na uku, 24K Magic . Berry ya fafata da James Corden a yaƙin rap na farko akan wasan farko na&nbsp;TBS 's ''Drop the Mic'', wanda aka fara watsawa ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2017. Ita ce, har zuwa watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2019, babban mai gabatar da shirye -shiryen gidan talabijin na ''BET Boomerang'', dangane da fim din da ta fito a ciki. Jerin ya fara ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2019. Berry ta fara halarta na jagora tare da fasalin ''Bruised'' wanda a ciki take wasa wani mayaƙan MMA mai suna Jackie Justice, wanda ya sake haɗawa da ɗanta da ya rabu. An fara yin fim a 2019 tare da harbi a Atlantic City da Newark . An yi fim ɗin farko na duniya a bikin Fina -Finan Duniya na Toronto ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2020. Ko Netflix ya sami haƙƙin rarraba fim. == A cikin kafofin watsa labarai == === Ƙoƙari === Tare da Pierce Brosnan, Cindy Crawford, Jane Seymour, Dick Van Dyke, Téa Leoni, da Daryl Hannah, Berry yayi nasarar yin yaƙi a 2006 akan tashar Cabrillo Liquefied Gas Gas wanda aka ba da shawarar a bakin tekun Malibu. <ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/15385299 "Actors join protest against project off Malibu"], NBC News, October 23, 2005.</ref> Berry ya ce, "Ina kula da iskar da muke shaka, ina kula da rayuwar ruwa da yanayin muhallin teku." A watan Mayun 2007, Gwamna Arnold Schwarzenegger ya ki amincewa da ginin. <ref>[http://www.independent.com/news/2007/may/24/cabrillo-port-dies-santa-barbara-flavored-death "The Santa Barbara Independent Cabrillo Port Dies a Santa Barbara Flavored Death"], ''The Santa Barbara Independent'', May 24, 1007.</ref> 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na Hasty Pudding sun ba ta lambar yabo ''ta Mace ta Shekara ta 2006.'' <ref>[http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/2006/02.02/15-hasty.html "And the Pudding Pot goes to..."] (February 2, 2006), ''[[Harvard University Gazette]]''; accessed January 1, 2008.</ref> Berry ya shiga cikin kamfen na wayar salula mai kusan gidaje 2,000 ga [[Barack Obama]] a watan Fabrairu na 2008. <ref>"Halle Berry, Ted Kennedy: 'Move On' for Obama" (February 29, 2008), ''Chicago Tribune''.</ref> A watan Afrilu na 2013, ta fito a cikin shirin bidiyo don kamfen ɗin Gucci na "Chime for Change" wanda ke da nufin tara kuɗi da wayar da kan al'amuran mata ta fuskar ilimi, lafiya, da adalci. A watan Agustan 2013, Berry ya ba da shaida tare da Jennifer Garner a gaban Kwamitin Shari’a na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California don tallafa wa dokar da za ta kare ’ya’yan mashahuran daga fitina daga masu daukar hoto. Kudirin ya wuce a watan Satumba. === Hoton === Berry was ranked No. 1 on ''People''{{'s}} "50 Most Beautiful People in the World" list in 2003 after making the top ten seven times and appeared No. 1 on ''FHM''{{'s}} "100 Sexiest Women in the World" the same year. She was named ''Esquire'' magazine's "Sexiest Woman Alive" in October 2008, about which she stated: "I don't know exactly what it means, but being 42 and having just had a baby, I think I'll take it." ''Men's Health'' ranked her at No. 35 on their "100 Hottest Women of All-Time" list. In 2009, she was voted #23 on <nowiki><i id="mwAmM">Empire</i></nowiki>'s 100 Sexiest Film Stars. The same year, rapper Hurricane Chris released a song entitled "Halle Berry (She's Fine)," extolling Berry's beauty and sex appeal. At the age of 42 (in 2008), she was named the "Sexiest Black Woman" by Access Hollywood's "TV One Access" survey. Born to an African-American father and a white mother, Berry has stated that her biracial background was "painful and confusing" when she was a young woman, and she made the decision early on to identify as a black woman because she knew that was how she would be perceived. == Rayuwar mutum == Berry ya sadu da likitan likitan Chicago John Ronan daga Maris 1989 zuwa Oktoba 1991. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130515063423/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-14633536.html "Actress Halle Berry hit with $80,000 lawsuit by Chicago dentist"], ''Jet'', December 13, 1993.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 1993, Ronan ya kai karar Berry akan $ 80,000 a cikin abin da ya ce bashi ne da ba a biya ba don taimakawa ƙaddamar da aikinta. Berry hujjatayya da cewa kudi kyauta, kuma mai hukunci sallami hali saboda Ronan aikata ba jerin Berry a matsayin ma'abucin a lõkacin da ya yi domin fatarar a 1992. A cewar Berry, duka daga tsohon saurayin da ya ci zarafinsa lokacin yin fim ɗin ''The Last Boy Scout'' a 1991 ya huce mata kunne kuma ya sa ta rasa kashi tamanin cikin dari na jin ta a kunnen ta na hagu. <ref name="Hurts" /> Berry bai taɓa ambaci mai cin zarafin ba, amma ya ce shi wani sananne ne a Hollywood. A cikin 2004, tsohon saurayi Christopher Williams ya zargi Wesley Snipes da alhakin wannan lamarin, yana mai cewa "Na gaji da mutane suna tunanin ni ne mutumin [wanda ya aikata hakan]. Wesley Snipes ta murƙushe kunnen ta, ba ni ba. ” Berry ya fara ganin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa David Justice akan TV yana wasa a cikin wasan ƙwallon kwando na MTV a watan Fabrairu 1992. Lokacin da wani dan rahoto daga garin Cincinnati na Justice ya gaya mata cewa Adalci masoyi ne, Berry ya ba wakilin lambar wayarta don ya ba Justice. Berry ya auri Adalci jim kadan bayan tsakar dare ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1993. <ref>Don O'Briant, [http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AT&p_theme=at&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EADA01E35570E73&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D "Ringing in '93 - with wedding bells"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127082133/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AT&p_theme=at&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EADA01E35570E73&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D |date=2012-01-27 }}, ''Atlanta Journal'' (January 10, 1993), Nl.newsbank.com; accessed March 7, 2010.</ref> Bayan rabuwarsu a watan Fabrairun 1996, Berry ta bayyana a bainar jama'a cewa ta yi baƙin ciki sosai har ta yi tunanin kashe kanta. <ref>Hamida Ghafour (March 21, 2002). [https://archive.today/20120912015959/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1388548/I-was-close-to-ending-it-all,-says-actress.html "I was close to ending it all, says actress"], Telegraph.co.uk; accessed April 1, 2008.</ref> An saki Berry da Justice bisa hukuma a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 1997. <ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7qtEAAAAIBAJ&sjid=frYMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4528,4789916 "Divorce between Halle Berry, David Justice final"], ''[[The Albany Herald]]'', June 25, 1997; accessed October 29, 2015.</ref> A watan Mayun 2000, Berry bai roƙi wata gardama ba game da tuhumar barin wurin haɗarin mota kuma an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru uku na gwaji, tarar $ 13,500 kuma an ba da umarnin yin sa’o’i 200 na hidimar al’umma. Berry ta auri mijinta na biyu, mawaƙa-mawaƙa Eric Benét, a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 2001, biyo bayan shekaru biyu na soyayya. <ref name="ebony">"Halle's big year" (November 2002), ''[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]''.</ref> Benét ya sami jinya don jarabar jima'i a cikin 2002, kuma a farkon Oktoba 2003 sun rabu, <ref name="People2003-10-02" /> tare da kisan aure ya ƙare a ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2005. A cikin Nuwamba 2005, Berry ya fara yin soyayya da samfurin Faransa Kanada Gabriel Aubry, wanda ta sadu da shi a wani hoto na Versace. Berry ta haifi 'yarsu a cikin Maris 2008. A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2010, Berry da Aubry sun ba da sanarwar dangantakar su ta ƙare a wasu watanni da suka gabata. A watan Janairun 2011, Berry da Aubry sun shiga cikin gwagwarmayar tsare tsare, fi mayar da hankali kan sha'awar Berry don ƙaura da 'yarsu daga Los Angeles, inda Berry da Aubry suka zauna, zuwa Faransa, gidan na dan wasan Faransa Olivier Martinez, wanda Berry ya fara soyayya a 2010 bayan sun hadu yayin yin fim ɗin ''Dark Tide'' a Afirka ta Kudu. Aubry ya ki amincewa da wannan mataki bisa hujjar cewa zai yi katsalandan a tsarin tsare su na hadin gwiwa. A watan Nuwamban 2012, wani alkali ya ki amincewa da bukatar Berry na matsar da 'yar ma'auratan zuwa Faransa saboda hasashen Aubry. Kasa da makwanni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 2012, Aubry da Martinez duk an yi musu jinya a asibiti saboda raunin da suka samu bayan sun shiga tashin hankali na zahiri a gidan Berry. Martinez ya yi kama ɗan ƙasa a kan Aubry, kuma saboda an ɗauke shi a matsayin tashin hankali na cikin gida, an ba shi umarnin kariya na gaggawa na ɗan lokaci wanda ya hana Aubry zuwa tsakanin yadi 100 na Berry, Martinez, da yaron da yake hannun jari tare da Berry, har zuwa Nuwamba 29, 2012. A gefe guda, Aubry ya sami umarnin dakatar da Martinez na wucin gadi a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 2012, yana mai cewa yakin ya fara ne lokacin da Martinez yayi barazanar kashe Aubry idan bai yarda ma'auratan su koma Faransa ba. Takardun kotu da aka fallasa sun hada da hotunan da ke nuna manyan raunuka a fuskar Aubry, wadanda aka watsa su a kafafen yada labarai. A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 2012, Lauyan Berry ya ba da sanarwar cewa Berry da Aubry sun cimma yarjejeniya ta tsaro a kotu. A watan Yuni na 2014, hukuncin Babbar Kotun ya nemi Berry ya biya Aubry $ 16,000 a wata a cikin tallafin yara (kusan 200k/shekara) kazalika da sake biyan $ 115,000 da jimlar $ 300,000 don kuɗin lauyan Aubry. Berry da Martinez sun tabbatar da haɗin kansu a cikin Maris 2012, <ref>[http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/celebrity/533727/are-halle-berry-and-olivier-martinez-getting-married.html Are Halle Berry and Olivier Martinez getting married?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908161952/http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/celebrity/533727/are-halle-berry-and-olivier-martinez-getting-married.html|date=2014-09-08}} ''[[Marie Claire]]''; accessed January 29, 2012.</ref> <ref>[http://www.miami.com/oliver-martinez-confirms-engagement-halle-berry-clears-ring-debate-opens-villa-azur-south-beach-weekend-article "Olivier Martinez confirms engagement to Halle Berry, clears up ring debate, opens Villa Azur on South Beach this weekend"], ''The Miami Herald'', March 10, 2012; accessed March 10, 2012.</ref> kuma sun yi aure a Faransa a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 2013. A watan Oktoba 2013, Berry ta haifi ɗa. A cikin 2015, bayan shekaru biyu na aure, ma'auratan sun ba da sanarwar cewa suna saki. An ba da rahoton cewa an kammala kisan aure a cikin Disamba 2016, amma, har zuwa Nuwamba 2020, shari'ar tana ci gaba. Berry ya fara soyayya da Grammy mai cin nasara mawaƙin Amurka Van Hunt a cikin 2020, wanda aka bayyana ta ta Instagram. == Filmography == === Fim === [[File:Halle_Berry_2013.jpg|thumb| Berry a 70th Golden Globe Awards a ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2013]] {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Year !Title !Role ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |1991 |''Jungle Fever'' |Vivian | |- |''Strictly Business'' |Natalie | |- |''{{Sortname|The|Last Boy Scout}}'' |Cory | |- ! scope="row" |1992 |''Boomerang'' |Angela Lewis | |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |1993 |''Father Hood'' |Kathleen Mercer | |- |''The Program'' |Autumn Haley | |- ! scope="row" |1994 |''{{Sortname|The|Flintstones|The Flintstones (film)}}'' |Sharon Stone | |- ! scope="row" |1995 |''Losing Isaiah'' |Khaila Richards | |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |1996 |''Executive Decision'' |Jean | |- |''Race the Sun'' |Miss Sandra Beecher | |- |''{{Sortname|The|Rich Man's Wife}}'' |Josie Potenza | |- ! scope="row" |1997 |''B*A*P*S'' |Nisi | |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |1998 |''Bulworth'' |Nina | |- |''Why Do Fools Fall in Love'' |Zola Taylor | |- ! scope="row" |2000 |''X-Men'' |Ororo Munroe / Storm | |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |2001 |''Swordfish'' |Ginger Knowles | |- |''Monster's Ball'' |Leticia Musgrove | |- ! scope="row" |2002 |''Die Another Day'' |Giacinta "Jinx" Johnson | |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |2003 |''X2'' |Ororo Munroe / Storm | |- |''Gothika'' |Miranda Grey | |- ! scope="row" |2004 |''Catwoman'' |Patience Phillips / Catwoman |Title role |- ! scope="row" |2005 |''Robots'' |Cappy |Voice role |- ! scope="row" |2006 |''X-Men: The Last Stand'' |Ororo Munroe / Storm | |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |2007 |''Perfect Stranger'' |Rowena Price | |- |''Things We Lost in the Fire'' |Audrey Burke | |- ! scope="row" |2010 |''Frankie &amp;amp; Alice'' |Frankie / Alice | |- ! scope="row" |2011 |''New Year's Eve'' |Nurse Aimee | |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |2012 |''Dark Tide'' |Kate Mathieson | |- |''Cloud Atlas'' |Jocasta Ayrs / Luisa Rey / Ovid /<br /><br />Meronym / Native Woman /<br /><br />Indian Party Guest | |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |2013 |''Movie 43'' |Emily |Segment: "Truth or Dare" |- |''The Call'' |Jordan Turner | |- ! scope="row" |2014 |''X-Men: Days of Future Past'' |Ororo Munroe / Storm | |- ! scope="row" |2016 |''Kevin Hart: What Now?'' |Herself | |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |2017 |''Kidnap'' |Karla Dyson |Also producer |- |''Kingsman: The Golden Circle'' |Ginger Ale | |- |''Kings'' |Millie Dunbar | |- ! scope="row" |2019 |''John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum'' |Sofia | |- ! scope="row" |2020 |''Bruised'' |Jackie Justice |Also director and producer |- ! scope="row" |2022 |''Moonfall'' | |Post-production |- |TBA |''The Mothership'' |Sara Morse |Filming |- |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Shekara ! Taken ! Matsayi ! class="unsortable" | Bayanan kula |- ! scope="row" | 1989 | ''Tsana Tsaye'' | Emily Franklin ne adam wata | 12 aukuwa |- ! rowspan="4" scope="row" | 1991 | ''Amin'' | Claire | Episode: "Ba a mantawa" |- | ''{{Sortname|A|Different World|A Different World}}'' | Jaclyn | Episode: " Ƙauna, Halin Hanya " |- | ''Sun fito daga sararin samaniya'' | Rene | Episode: "Gashi A Yau, Gobe Gobe" |- | ''Knots Saukowa'' | Debbie Porter | 6 aukuwa |- ! scope="row" | 1993 | ''Sarauniyar Alex Haley'' | Sarauniya | Ma'aikata |- ! scope="row" | 1995 | ''Solomon &amp;amp; Sheba'' | Nikhaule / [[Bilkisu|Sarauniya Sheba]] | Fim |- ! scope="row" | 1996 | ''Martin'' | Kanta | Episode: "Inda Jam'iyyar take" |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" | 1998 | ''Daurin Auren'' | Shelby Coles | Ma'aikata |- | ''Frasier'' | Betsy (murya) | Episode: "Sabis na daki" |- ! scope="row" | 1999 | ''Gabatar da Dorothy Dandridge'' | Dorothy Dandridge | Fim |- ! scope="row" | 2005 | ''Idanunsu Suna Kallon Allah'' | Janie Crawford | Fim |- ! scope="row" | 2011 | ''[[Da Simpsons]]'' | Kanta (murya) | Episode: "Fushin Baba: Fim" |- ! scope="row" | 2014–15 | ''Yawaita'' | Molly Woods | Matsayin jagora (kashi 26) |- ! scope="row" | 2017 | ''Sauke Mic'' | Kanta | Mai nasara; episode: "Halle Berry vs. James Corden / Anthony Anderson vs. Usher " |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | ''Boomerang'' | | Babban furodusa |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen farkon Ba'amurke ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} == General bibliography == * Banting, Erinn. ''Halle Berry'', Weigl Publishers, 2005. {{ISBN|1-59036-333-7}}. * Gogerly, Liz. ''Halle Berry'', Raintree, 2005. {{ISBN|1-4109-1085-7}}. * Naden, Corinne J. ''Halle Berry'', Sagebrush Education Resources, 2001. {{ISBN|0-613-86157-4}}. * O'Brien, Daniel. ''Halle Berry'', Reynolds & Hearn, 2003. {{ISBN|1-903111-38-2}}. * Sanello, Frank. ''Halle Berry: A Stormy Life'', Virgin Books, 2003. {{ISBN|1-85227-092-6}}. * Schuman, Michael A. ''Halle Berry: Beauty Is Not Just Physical'', Enslow, 2006. {{ISBN|0-7660-2467-9}}. ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== * {{IMDb name|932}} * {{C-SPAN|64419}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1966]] aef7cuoc1rzxlbvh61mdphldwqghcmq 0 24844 968009 721157 2026-10-15T22:25:48Z Nura Bello 24854 968009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:FC_Liefering_gegen_SV_Horn_(November_2016)_13.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Amadou Haidara]] [[File:2022-07-21_Fu%C3%9Fball,_M%C3%A4nner,Freundschaftsspiel,_RB_Leipzig_-_FC_Liverpool_1DX_2119_by_Stepro.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Amadou Haidara]] '''Amadou Haidara''' (An haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Janairu shekara ta alif 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Mali [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wanda]] ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta RB Leipzig ta Bundesliga da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Mali.<ref name=":0">Amadou Haidara at WorldFootball.net</ref> == Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya == === Red Bull Salzburg === Haidar ya fara aikinsa da JMG Academy Bamako ta Mali . A cikin watan Yuli shekarar 2016, FC Red Bull Salzburg ta sanya hannu. An aika da shi a matsayin aro zuwa ƙungiyar FC Liefering ta biyu, wanda shine ƙungiyar gona ta Red Bull Salzburg. Haidar kuma ya taka leda a kungiyar FC Red Bull Salzburg U-19 a gasar matasa ta UEFA. A can ne ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar FK Vardar.<ref>FC Red Bull Salzburg-Jungbullen schaffen sich mit Kantersieg ideale Ausgangsposition". redbulls (in German). Retrieved 7 May 2018.</ref> A bayyanarsa ta farko a zagaye na uku na gasar shekarar 2016 zuwa shekarar 2017 da LASK Linz. Ya maye gurbin Gideon Mensah bayan an dawo hutun rabin lokaci kuma ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a minti na 48 a ragar Liefering. A lokacin kakar shekara ta 2017 zuwa 2018, Salzburg sun sami mafi kyawun kamfen na Turai. Sun kare a matsayi na ɗaya a rukuninsu na Europa League, a karo na hudu, kafin su doke Real Sociedad da Borussia Dortmund don haka suka yi karon farko a gasar UEFA Europa League wasan kusa da na karshe. A ranar 3 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2018, ya taka leda a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta Europa League kamar yadda Olympique de Marseille ta buga 1–2 a waje amma jimlar nasara da ci 3 – 2 don samun gurbi a shekarar 2018 UEFA Europa League Final. === RB Leipzig === A ranar 22 ga watan Disamba shekarar 2018, Haidar ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar RB Leipzig ta Jamus. A ranar 30 ga watan Maris shekarar 2019, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Bundesliga a wasan da suka doke Hertha BSC da ci 5-0. A cikin kakar shekara ta 2019 zuwa Shekaran 2020, RB Leipzig ta sami nasarar kaiwa wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar zakarun Turai. A ranar 8 ga watan Disamba shekarar 2020, ya ci kwallon sa ta farko a gasar zakarun Turai a cikin nasara da ci 3-2 a kan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a kakar shekara ta 2020 zuwa shekarar 2021.<ref>Salzburg v Marseille background". UEFA.com Retrieved 7 May 2018.</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa == Haidar ya buga wa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 ta Mali wasanni biyar, inda ya ci kwallo daya. Haidara ya fara bugawa tawagar kwallon kafa ta Mali a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2018 da Ivory Coast a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 2017.<ref name=":0" /> == Kididdigar sana'a/Aiki == === Kulob/Ƙungiya === {{Updated|match played 20 March 2022.}}<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web|title=A. Haidara|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/amadou-haidara/425830/|website=Soccerway|access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin kasa ! colspan="2" | Turai ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri |- | rowspan="4" | Red Bull Salzburg | 2016-17 | rowspan="3" | Bundesliga Austria | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 7 | 2 |- | 2017-18 | 31 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 18 Two appearances and one goal in [[UEFA Champions League]], sixteen appearances and three goals in [[UEFA Europa League]]</ref> | 4 | colspan="2" | - | 55 | 8 |- | 2018-19 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 7 Three appearances in UEFA Champions League, four appearances and one goal in UEFA Europa League</ref> | 1 | colspan="2" | - | 21 | 3 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 48 ! 6 ! 10 ! 2 ! 25 ! 5 ! colspan="2" | - ! 83 ! 13 |- | Lamuni (loan) | 2016-17 | Austrian First League | 25 | 2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | 25 | 2 |- | rowspan="5" | RB Leipzig | 2018-19 | rowspan="4" | Bundesliga | 9 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 12 | 1 |- | 2019-20 | 19 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 <ref name="UCL">Appearance(s) in UEFA Champions League</ref> | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 28 | 0 |- | 2020-21 | 31 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 6 <ref name="UCL" /> | 1 | colspan="2" | - | 43 | 6 |- | 2021-22 | 20 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 Four appearances in UEFA Champions League, two appearances in UEFA Europa League</ref> | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 28 | 4 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 79 ! 7 ! 13 ! 3 ! 19 ! 1 ! colspan="2" | - ! 111 ! 11 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 152 ! 15 ! 23 ! 5 ! 44 ! 6 ! 0 ! 0 ! 219 ! 26 |} === Ƙasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 29 March 2022.}}<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|69093|access-date=3 July 2019}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="3" |Mali |- ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri |- | 2017 | 2 | 0 |- | 2018 | 4 | 0 |- | 2019 | 9 | 1 |- | 2020 | 2 | 1 |- | 2021 | 7 | 0 |- | 2022 | 6 | 0 |- ! Jimlar ! 30 ! 2 |} ==== Kwallon da ya ciwa kasarsa ==== : ''Maki da sakamako ne suka fara zura kwallaye a ragar Mali.'' {| class="wikitable" !A'a. ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasa |- | 1. | 1 ga Yuli, 2019 | Ismailia Stadium, Ismailia, Egypt |</img> Angola | align="center" | '''1-0''' | align="center" | 1-0 | 2019 Gasar Cin Kofin Kasashen Afirka |- | 2. | 9 Oktoba 2020 | Emirhan Sport Center Stadium, Side, Turkey |</img> Ghana | align="center" | '''3-0''' | align="center" | 3–0 | Sada zumunci |} == Girmamawa == === Kulob/Ƙungiya === '''Red Bull Salzburg''' * Bundesliga ta Austria: 2016–17, 2017–18 * Kofin Austria : 2016-17 '''RB Leipzig''' * DFB-Pokal : 2021–22 === Ƙasashen Duniya === '''Mali U17''' * FIFA U-17 ta zo ta biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya : 2015 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|amadou-haidara/425830}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] o8px9ayauc37ftv8b1iahiw4ze8xzgp 0 25459 967857 965419 2026-10-15T15:15:33Z Marwan Bello 31239 /* Magani */ gyara kalma 967857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ha na''' iya nufin to: == Hukumomi da ƙungiyoyi == * Hukumar lafiya * Hells Angels, ƙungiyar babur * Rashin Gida Australia, ƙungiya mafi kankanta don mutane marasa gida da ayyuka * 'Yan luwadi Ba'a san su ba, Shirin tsohon Dan luwaɗi ne don ma'amala da abubuwan da ba aso * Hukumomin Gidajen Hong Kong. 🌍 BISSALAM TRAVELS & TOUR ✈️ Your Trusted Partner in Travel & Tourism. 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Bissalam travels&tourism. == Harsuna da [[haruffa]] == * Ha (Javanese) (ꦲ), wasiƙa a cikin Harshen Javanese * Ha (kana), a cikin rubutun Jafananci na syllabic * <big>ه</big> ( hāʾ ), <big>ح</big> ( ḥāʾ ), ko <big>خ</big> ( ḫāʾ ), haruffan Larabci * Harshen Ha, harshen mutanen Ha a gabashin Afirka * [[Harshen Hausa|Yaren Hausa]], lambar ISO 639-1 HA. == [[Wurare]] == * Ha, Bhutan * Ha, Norway * Ha Gorge, Girka * Yankin lambar HA, ƙungiyar gundumomin gidan waya na Ingilishi a arewa maso yammacin birnin London * Henan, lardin Chaina (Guobiao taƙaice HA). == Kimiyya Da Fasaha == === [[Kimiyya]] === * Hahnium, wani kashi yanzu ake kira Dubnium * Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acid), tsarin carbohydrate * Hydroxylapatite, ma'adinai. === [[Magani]] === * Hyperandrogenic anovulation, wanda kuma ake ƙira polycystic ovary syndrome * Damuwa da lafiya (HA) ko hypochondriasis (hypochondria) * Hemagglutinin (mura) (HA), glycoprotein antigenic daga ƙwayoyin cutar mura * Gwajin Hemagglutination, auna ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta === Sauran Amfani A [[kimiyya]] Da [[Fasaha]] === * ha (prefix aiki) (rabi), prefix don wasu ayyukan [[trigonometric]] a lissafi * Hartree, atomic unit na makamashi * Hekta (ha), yanki na yanki * Hectoampere, naúrar wutar lantarki * Babban samuwa, ƙirar tsarin da aiwatarwa tare da ra'ayi don haɓaka sabis * Kwancen sa’a, a cikin ilmin taurari, daya daga cikin masu daidaita tsarin daidaiton daidaitawa * H _a, ko madadin hasashe, a cikin gwajin ƙididdiga == Sunayen [[Sunayen|sunaye]] == * Ha (sunan mahaifi na ƙasar Sin chaina) ([[wiktionary:哈|哈]]), wanda aka samo a cikin ''Sunayen Sunaye ɗari'' * Ha (sunan mahaifi na kasar Koriya) ( [[wiktionary:하|하]], 河 ko 夏) * Sunan Hà, Vietnamese * Samun Hạ asalin sunan farko * Xia (sunan mahaifi) ([[wiktionary:夏|夏]]), wanda aka yiwa romanized kamar Ha in Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese pronunciation == [[Sufuri]] == * British Rail Class 71, locomotive (nau'in nau'in HA a ƙarƙashin shirin pre-TOPS na Yankin Kudancin) * Kamfanin jirgin saman Hawaiian (mai tsara IATA HA) * Hukumar Babbar Hanya, ko (HA), tsohon sunan Highways England, wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Ingila == Sauran [[Amfani]] == * Ha (mythology) * Ha, ɗaya daga cikin alloli Heng da Ha * Ha Mutane, Mutanen Tanzaniya * Appantice Hospitalman, Daraktan Sojojin Ruwa Na Amurka == Duba kuma == * Hai (disambiguation) * Haha (rashin fahimta) * Yana da (disambiguation). 2kaj6w73kli5v9a6g58wnbdgg90emc3 0 25845 968030 961714 2026-10-15T23:36:16Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378173897|Ola Balogun]]" 968030 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ola Balogun''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1945) ɗan fim ne kuma Marubucin rubutun Najeriya. Ya kuma shiga Masana'antar kiɗa ta Najeriya a shekara ta 2001. Balogun, wanda ke yin fina-finai sama da shekaru talatin, yana daga cikin ƙarni na farko na masu shirya fina-fukkuna na Najeriya.<ref name="modernghana">{{Cite web |title=Ola Balogun |url=http://www.modernghana.com/moviethread2/1626/3/ |access-date=29 September 2009 |publisher=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Balogun ta yi karatun fim a Cibiyar Nazarin Cinematography . Shekaru bayan kammala karatunsa, ya rubuta takardar digirin digirinsa a kan fina-finai.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}}Bayan ya dawo Najeriya a shekarar 1968, ya shiga ma'aikatan Sashin Fim na Najeriya, wanda ke karkashin gwamnatin [[Ma'aikatar Watsa Labarai ta Tarayya da Wayar da Kan Jama'a (Nijeriya)|Ma'aikatar Bayanai]], sannan daga baya ya yi aiki a Gidan Tarihi na Kasa da [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]]. Fim din farko na Balogun sun kasance gajerun takardun shaida: One Nigeria da aka fitar a 1969, Les Ponts de Paris (1971), Fire In the Afternoon (1971), ''Thundergod'' (1971), Nupe Masquerade (1972), In the Beginning (1972), da Owuama, A New Yam Festival (1973). {{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}}Fim dinsa na farko shi ne ''Alfa'', fim din da ba shi da kuɗi sosai wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1972 lokacin da yake a Ife.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}}A shekara ta 1973, ya kafa kamfaninsa na fim mai zaman kansa, Afrocult Foundation, wanda ya fitar da fina-finai na gaba. Wanda ya biyo baya ga ''Alfa'' shine Vivre, wanda aka saki a shekara ta 1974, sannan kuma ''Nigersteel'', aikin da gwamnati ke tallafawa. A shekara ta 1975, ya fitar da ''Amadi'', fim din [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Igbo]].{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}}Ayyukansa na gaba shine jagorantar da samar da ''Ajani Ogun'', fim na yaren Yoruba tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Duro Ladipo kuma yana da Ade Love . Fim din ya kasance babban ofishin jakadancin, kuma shahararren ''Ajani Ogun'' ya tada bayanin Balogun a cikin fim din fim da shugabanci a cikin kasar. Kodayake fim dinsa na gaba, Musik Man, ba a karɓa da kyau ga masu sauraro ba, aikin da ya biyo baya, Ade Love's ''Ija Ominira'', ya sami shahara.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}} Balogun ya bi ''Ija Ominira'' tare da A Deusa Negra (1978), samar da Portuguese-Nijeriya, sannan ''Aiye'' (1980), tare da [[Hubert Ogunde]], da ''[[Orun Mooru]]'' (1982) tare da Moses Olaiya . == Early life and education == Balogun was born in 1945 in Aba, [[Najeriya|Nigeria]], to [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] parents. His father practised [[Doka|law]] in Aba until his death when Balogun was 12. The first language Balogun learned to speak was [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]].<ref name="modernghana" /> He attended Christ the King School, Aba, from 1951 to 1957, then went to [[King's College, Lagos]]. He studied at the University of Dakar from 1962 to 1963, at the University of Caen in [[Faransa|France]] (1963–66), and at the Institut des hautes études cinématographiques (from 1966 to 1968), where Christopher Miles was a fellow student. == Early career == Balogun returned to Nigeria during the [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Nigerian Civil War]] and at the time, Nigeria did not have an indigenous cinema industry. In 1969, he was a scriptwriter with Nigeria's Federal Ministry of Information's film unit before he was posted to [[Faris|Paris]] as press attaché of the Nigerian embassy there, and in Paris, he published a play about [[Shango]]. He returned to Nigeria and was affiliated with the Institute of African Studies at [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo|University of Ife]]. Balogun's first production was ''One Nigeria'' (1969), a documentary about his impression of the Nigerian Civil War. In the midst of the war, Balogun had accompanied a French observer group to the war front, where he witnessed the destruction caused by the war. The documentaries ''One Nigeria'' and ''Eastern Nigeria Revisited'' were influenced by his impression of the war. A pioneer of Nigerian filmmaking, Balogun produced his first films in the early 1970s. His 1981 film ''For Freedom!'' was entered into the 12th Moscow International Film Festival.<ref name="Moscow1981">{{Cite web |title=12th Moscow International Film Festival (1981) |url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1981 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421050907/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1981 |archive-date=21 April 2013 |access-date=25 January 2013 |website=MIFF}}</ref> In 1973, he founded Afrocult Foundation, an independent film company. == Film career == After producing documentaries, Balogun produced ''Alpha'', a medium-length film about an African émigré in Paris. His follow-up was Vivre, a non-fiction story about his friend who became handicapped as a result of an accident. After ''Vivre'', Balogun was commissioned by the government to produce ''Nigersteel'', a film about Nigeria's industrialization stage. His next movie project dealt with the subject matter of embracing and not discarding African culture and tradition in the search for future goals. This film, ''Amadi'', released in 1975, is an Igbo-language movie about a man moving back to the village after having limited success and little fulfilment in the city of Lagos. In the village, he used the knowledge and skills learned to promote the use of modern agricultural techniques. The film broke new ground in Nigerian cinema as the first feature-length movie in Igbo language.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}} The film found success in [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Eastern Nigeria]] but limited success elsewhere. Ajani Ogun, Balogun's first indigenous Yoruba-language film, is a musical released in celluloid form in 1975. The film had [[Adeyemi Afolayan|Ade Love]] in the lead role, while the majority of the crew came from Duro Ladipo's travelling theatre troupe. Balogun reached a wider audience with ''Ajani Ogun,'' and the success of the film led to an increase in the adoption of stage plays performed by [[Adabin Yarabawa|Yoruba traveling theatres]] into feature-length movies. After the success of ''Ajani Ogun'', his next project was ''Musik Man'', a movie produced in [[Pidgin na Najeriya|pidgin]] and English so as to reach a wider audience. However, the film was not financially successful.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}} Balogun bounced back with ''Ija Ominira'', an adaptation of [[Adebayo Faleti]]'s novel, ''Omo Olokun Esin'', which was being performed on stage by a theatre troupe. The movie was produced in collaboration with Ade Love, his lead actor in ''Ajani Ogun''; Ade Love was also the lead actor in ''Ija Ominira''. There were filming difficulties between Balogun and Ade Love on the set of ''Ija Ominira'', both men had minor disagreements about the direction of the movie. Balogun followed Ade Love's ''Ija Ominira'' with ''A Deusa Negra'', also known as ''[[Black Goddess]]'', which he both wrote and directed; the project was a Nigerian-Brazilian collaboration distributed by Embrafilme of Brazil. A Brazilian producer had seen some of Balogun's previous works and asked him to shoot a new movie in Brazil. Despite some tensions and financial challenges, he completed the film in 1978. In Aiye (1979), Balogun expanded the stage play of one of Hubert Ogunde's popular acts into a feature-length film. The theme of the movie was a classic tale of the struggle between good and evil. The good was a traditional priest or babalawo and the evil characters were the witches in the village.[1] Aiye, which employed many Yoruba stage actors and some technical crew from Black Goddess, was a financial success, although as with Ija Ominira, Balogun and Hubert Ogunde, the lead actor and co-producer, had some disagreements about the movie's direction.[1] In 1980, Balogun produced ''Cry Freedom'' (previously titled ''Haraka''), with Prunella Gee and Albert Hall in the lead roles. The film was shot in [[Ghana]], and Balogun used some technicians, such as Jose Medeiros, who had previously worked with him on ''A Deusa Negra''. ''Cry Freedom'', inspired by [[Meja Mwangi]]'s ''[[Carcase for Hounds]]'', is about an uprising that led to guerrilla warfare in an African country. The movie found fans among Nigerian intellectuals, but it did not appeal to a mass audience.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}} Balogun's collaboration with Moses Olaiya, also known as Baba Sala, was the big-budget ''Orun Mooru (Heaven is Hot)''. Thereafter, Balogun stopped working with lead actors from the Yoruba theatre group. In 1982, he released ''Money Power''. == Political life == Balogun was a member of [[Ibrahim Babangida|President Babangida's]] Political Bureau but resigned due to concerns over the means of achieving the bureau's objectives.  Balogun has been a regular attendee at [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|FESPACO]] (the Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" ! style="width:33px;" |Year ! width="145" |Film ! width="65" |Director ! width="65" |Producer ! width="65" |Writer |- |1972 | style="text-align:left" |''Alpha'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1975 | style="text-align:left" |''Ajani Ogun'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1975 | style="text-align:left" |''Amadi'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1976 | style="text-align:left" |''Musik Man'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1978 | style="text-align:left" |''Ija Ominira'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | |- |1978 | style="text-align:left" |''[[Black Goddess]]'' | {{Yes}} | | {{Yes}} |- |1979 | style="text-align:left" |''Aiye'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | |- |1981 | style="text-align:left" |''Cry Freedom'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1982 | style="text-align:left" |''Money Power'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1982 | style="text-align:left" |''[[Orun Mooru]]'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | |- |1988 | style="text-align:left" |''River Niger, Black Mother'' | {{Yes}} | | |- |1993 | style="text-align:left" |''Magic of Nigeria'' | {{Yes}} | | |- |1994 | style="text-align:left" |''Destination Barbados'' | {{Yes}} | | |- |1998 | style="text-align:left" |''Gods of Africa in Brazil'' | {{Yes}} | | {{Yes}} |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rk97jfvpg0jngdae2r98y0t9k83rzik 968031 968030 2026-10-15T23:37:07Z Salma Raddah 45959 968031 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ol''' {{Databox}} '''a Balogun''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1945) ɗan fim ne kuma Marubucin rubutun Najeriya. Ya kuma shiga Masana'antar kiɗa ta Najeriya a shekara ta 2001. Balogun, wanda ke yin fina-finai sama da shekaru talatin, yana daga cikin ƙarni na farko na masu shirya fina-fukkuna na Najeriya.<ref name="modernghana">{{Cite web |title=Ola Balogun |url=http://www.modernghana.com/moviethread2/1626/3/ |access-date=29 September 2009 |publisher=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Balogun ta yi karatun fim a Cibiyar Nazarin Cinematography . Shekaru bayan kammala karatunsa, ya rubuta takardar digirin digirinsa a kan fina-finai.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}}Bayan ya dawo Najeriya a shekarar 1968, ya shiga ma'aikatan Sashin Fim na Najeriya, wanda ke karkashin gwamnatin [[Ma'aikatar Watsa Labarai ta Tarayya da Wayar da Kan Jama'a (Nijeriya)|Ma'aikatar Bayanai]], sannan daga baya ya yi aiki a Gidan Tarihi na Kasa da [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]]. Fim din farko na Balogun sun kasance gajerun takardun shaida: One Nigeria da aka fitar a 1969, Les Ponts de Paris (1971), Fire In the Afternoon (1971), ''Thundergod'' (1971), Nupe Masquerade (1972), In the Beginning (1972), da Owuama, A New Yam Festival (1973). {{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}}Fim dinsa na farko shi ne ''Alfa'', fim din da ba shi da kuɗi sosai wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1972 lokacin da yake a Ife.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}}A shekara ta 1973, ya kafa kamfaninsa na fim mai zaman kansa, Afrocult Foundation, wanda ya fitar da fina-finai na gaba. Wanda ya biyo baya ga ''Alfa'' shine Vivre, wanda aka saki a shekara ta 1974, sannan kuma ''Nigersteel'', aikin da gwamnati ke tallafawa. A shekara ta 1975, ya fitar da ''Amadi'', fim din [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Igbo]].{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}}Ayyukansa na gaba shine jagorantar da samar da ''Ajani Ogun'', fim na yaren Yoruba tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Duro Ladipo kuma yana da Ade Love . Fim din ya kasance babban ofishin jakadancin, kuma shahararren ''Ajani Ogun'' ya tada bayanin Balogun a cikin fim din fim da shugabanci a cikin kasar. Kodayake fim dinsa na gaba, Musik Man, ba a karɓa da kyau ga masu sauraro ba, aikin da ya biyo baya, Ade Love's ''Ija Ominira'', ya sami shahara.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}} Balogun ya bi ''Ija Ominira'' tare da A Deusa Negra (1978), samar da Portuguese-Nijeriya, sannan ''Aiye'' (1980), tare da [[Hubert Ogunde]], da ''[[Orun Mooru]]'' (1982) tare da Moses Olaiya . == Early life and education == Balogun was born in 1945 in Aba, [[Najeriya|Nigeria]], to [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] parents. His father practised [[Doka|law]] in Aba until his death when Balogun was 12. The first language Balogun learned to speak was [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]].<ref name="modernghana" /> He attended Christ the King School, Aba, from 1951 to 1957, then went to [[King's College, Lagos]]. He studied at the University of Dakar from 1962 to 1963, at the University of Caen in [[Faransa|France]] (1963–66), and at the Institut des hautes études cinématographiques (from 1966 to 1968), where Christopher Miles was a fellow student. == Early career == Balogun returned to Nigeria during the [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Nigerian Civil War]] and at the time, Nigeria did not have an indigenous cinema industry. In 1969, he was a scriptwriter with Nigeria's Federal Ministry of Information's film unit before he was posted to [[Faris|Paris]] as press attaché of the Nigerian embassy there, and in Paris, he published a play about [[Shango]]. He returned to Nigeria and was affiliated with the Institute of African Studies at [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo|University of Ife]]. Balogun's first production was ''One Nigeria'' (1969), a documentary about his impression of the Nigerian Civil War. In the midst of the war, Balogun had accompanied a French observer group to the war front, where he witnessed the destruction caused by the war. The documentaries ''One Nigeria'' and ''Eastern Nigeria Revisited'' were influenced by his impression of the war. A pioneer of Nigerian filmmaking, Balogun produced his first films in the early 1970s. His 1981 film ''For Freedom!'' was entered into the 12th Moscow International Film Festival.<ref name="Moscow1981">{{Cite web |title=12th Moscow International Film Festival (1981) |url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1981 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421050907/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1981 |archive-date=21 April 2013 |access-date=25 January 2013 |website=MIFF}}</ref> In 1973, he founded Afrocult Foundation, an independent film company. == Film career == After producing documentaries, Balogun produced ''Alpha'', a medium-length film about an African émigré in Paris. His follow-up was Vivre, a non-fiction story about his friend who became handicapped as a result of an accident. After ''Vivre'', Balogun was commissioned by the government to produce ''Nigersteel'', a film about Nigeria's industrialization stage. His next movie project dealt with the subject matter of embracing and not discarding African culture and tradition in the search for future goals. This film, ''Amadi'', released in 1975, is an Igbo-language movie about a man moving back to the village after having limited success and little fulfilment in the city of Lagos. In the village, he used the knowledge and skills learned to promote the use of modern agricultural techniques. The film broke new ground in Nigerian cinema as the first feature-length movie in Igbo language.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}} The film found success in [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Eastern Nigeria]] but limited success elsewhere. Ajani Ogun, Balogun's first indigenous Yoruba-language film, is a musical released in celluloid form in 1975. The film had [[Adeyemi Afolayan|Ade Love]] in the lead role, while the majority of the crew came from Duro Ladipo's travelling theatre troupe. Balogun reached a wider audience with ''Ajani Ogun,'' and the success of the film led to an increase in the adoption of stage plays performed by [[Adabin Yarabawa|Yoruba traveling theatres]] into feature-length movies. After the success of ''Ajani Ogun'', his next project was ''Musik Man'', a movie produced in [[Pidgin na Najeriya|pidgin]] and English so as to reach a wider audience. However, the film was not financially successful.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}} Balogun bounced back with ''Ija Ominira'', an adaptation of [[Adebayo Faleti]]'s novel, ''Omo Olokun Esin'', which was being performed on stage by a theatre troupe. The movie was produced in collaboration with Ade Love, his lead actor in ''Ajani Ogun''; Ade Love was also the lead actor in ''Ija Ominira''. There were filming difficulties between Balogun and Ade Love on the set of ''Ija Ominira'', both men had minor disagreements about the direction of the movie. Balogun followed Ade Love's ''Ija Ominira'' with ''A Deusa Negra'', also known as ''[[Black Goddess]]'', which he both wrote and directed; the project was a Nigerian-Brazilian collaboration distributed by Embrafilme of Brazil. A Brazilian producer had seen some of Balogun's previous works and asked him to shoot a new movie in Brazil. Despite some tensions and financial challenges, he completed the film in 1978. In Aiye (1979), Balogun expanded the stage play of one of Hubert Ogunde's popular acts into a feature-length film. The theme of the movie was a classic tale of the struggle between good and evil. The good was a traditional priest or babalawo and the evil characters were the witches in the village.[1] Aiye, which employed many Yoruba stage actors and some technical crew from Black Goddess, was a financial success, although as with Ija Ominira, Balogun and Hubert Ogunde, the lead actor and co-producer, had some disagreements about the movie's direction.[1] In 1980, Balogun produced ''Cry Freedom'' (previously titled ''Haraka''), with Prunella Gee and Albert Hall in the lead roles. The film was shot in [[Ghana]], and Balogun used some technicians, such as Jose Medeiros, who had previously worked with him on ''A Deusa Negra''. ''Cry Freedom'', inspired by [[Meja Mwangi]]'s ''[[Carcase for Hounds]]'', is about an uprising that led to guerrilla warfare in an African country. The movie found fans among Nigerian intellectuals, but it did not appeal to a mass audience.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}} Balogun's collaboration with Moses Olaiya, also known as Baba Sala, was the big-budget ''Orun Mooru (Heaven is Hot)''. Thereafter, Balogun stopped working with lead actors from the Yoruba theatre group. In 1982, he released ''Money Power''. == Political life == Balogun was a member of [[Ibrahim Babangida|President Babangida's]] Political Bureau but resigned due to concerns over the means of achieving the bureau's objectives.  Balogun has been a regular attendee at [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|FESPACO]] (the Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" ! style="width:33px;" |Year ! width="145" |Film ! width="65" |Director ! width="65" |Producer ! width="65" |Writer |- |1972 | style="text-align:left" |''Alpha'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1975 | style="text-align:left" |''Ajani Ogun'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1975 | style="text-align:left" |''Amadi'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1976 | style="text-align:left" |''Musik Man'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1978 | style="text-align:left" |''Ija Ominira'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | |- |1978 | style="text-align:left" |''[[Black Goddess]]'' | {{Yes}} | | {{Yes}} |- |1979 | style="text-align:left" |''Aiye'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | |- |1981 | style="text-align:left" |''Cry Freedom'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1982 | style="text-align:left" |''Money Power'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1982 | style="text-align:left" |''[[Orun Mooru]]'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | |- |1988 | style="text-align:left" |''River Niger, Black Mother'' | {{Yes}} | | |- |1993 | style="text-align:left" |''Magic of Nigeria'' | {{Yes}} | | |- |1994 | style="text-align:left" |''Destination Barbados'' | {{Yes}} | | |- |1998 | style="text-align:left" |''Gods of Africa in Brazil'' | {{Yes}} | | {{Yes}} |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] os9wczn1nxgyiyn2rsjmv6s7f9130lq 968202 968031 2026-10-16T10:32:59Z Kamaf001 48297 968202 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ol''' {{Databox}} '''a Balogun''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 1945) ɗan fim ne kuma Marubucin rubutun Najeriya. Ya kuma shiga Masana'antar kiɗa ta Najeriya a shekara ta 2001. Balogun, wanda ke yin fina-finai sama da shekaru talatin, yana daga cikin ƙarni na farko na masu shirya fina-fukkuna na Najeriya.<ref name="modernghana">{{Cite web |title=Ola Balogun |url=http://www.modernghana.com/moviethread2/1626/3/ |access-date=29 September 2009 |publisher=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Balogun ta yi karatun fim a Cibiyar Nazarin Cinematography . Shekaru bayan kammala karatunsa, ya rubuta takardar digirin digirinsa a kan fina-finai.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}}Bayan ya dawo Najeriya a shekarar 1968, ya shiga ma'aikatan Sashin Fim na Najeriya, wanda ke karkashin gwamnatin [[Ma'aikatar Watsa Labarai ta Tarayya da Wayar da Kan Jama'a (Nijeriya)|Ma'aikatar Bayanai]], sannan daga baya ya yi aiki a Gidan Tarihi na Kasa da [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]]. Fim din farko na Balogun sun kasance gajerun takardun shaida: One Nigeria da aka fitar a 1969, Les Ponts de Paris (1971), Fire In the Afternoon (1971), ''Thundergod'' (1971), Nupe Masquerade (1972), In the Beginning (1972), da Owuama, A New Yam Festival (1973). {{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}}Fim dinsa na farko shi ne ''Alfa'', fim din da ba shi da kuɗi sosai wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1972 lokacin da yake a Ife.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}}A shekara ta 1973, ya kafa kamfaninsa na fim mai zaman kansa, Afrocult Foundation, wanda ya fitar da fina-finai na gaba. Wanda ya biyo baya ga ''Alfa'' shine Vivre, wanda aka saki a shekara ta 1974, sannan kuma ''Nigersteel'', aikin da gwamnati ke tallafawa. A shekara ta 1975, ya fitar da ''Amadi'', fim din [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Igbo]].{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}}Ayyukansa na gaba shine jagorantar da samar da ''Ajani Ogun'', fim na yaren Yoruba tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Duro Ladipo kuma yana da Ade Love . Fim din ya kasance babban ofishin jakadancin, kuma shahararren ''Ajani Ogun'' ya tada bayanin Balogun a cikin fim din fim da shugabanci a cikin kasar. Kodayake fim dinsa na gaba, Musik Man, ba a karɓa da kyau ga masu sauraro ba, aikin da ya biyo baya, Ade Love's ''Ija Ominira'', ya sami shahara.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}} Balogun ya bi ''Ija Ominira'' tare da A Deusa Negra (1978), samar da Portuguese-Nijeriya, sannan ''Aiye'' (1980), tare da [[Hubert Ogunde]], da ''[[Orun Mooru]]'' (1982) tare da Moses Olaiya . == Early life and education == Balogun was born in 1945 in Aba, [[Najeriya|Nigeria]], to [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] parents. His father practised [[Doka|law]] in Aba until his death when Balogun was 12. The first language Balogun learned to speak was [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]].<ref name="modernghana" /> He attended Christ the King School, Aba, from 1951 to 1957, then went to [[King's College, Lagos]]. He studied at the University of Dakar from 1962 to 1963, at the University of Caen in [[Faransa|France]] (1963–66), and at the Institut des hautes études cinématographiques (from 1966 to 1968), where Christopher Miles was a fellow student. == Early career == Balogun returned to Nigeria during the [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Nigerian Civil War]] and at the time, Nigeria did not have an indigenous cinema industry. In 1969, he was a scriptwriter with Nigeria's Federal Ministry of Information's film unit before he was posted to [[Faris|Paris]] as press attaché of the Nigerian embassy there, and in Paris, he published a play about [[Shango]]. He returned to Nigeria and was affiliated with the Institute of African Studies at [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo|University of Ife]]. Balogun's first production was ''One Nigeria'' (1969), a documentary about his impression of the Nigerian Civil War. In the midst of the war, Balogun had accompanied a French observer group to the war front, where he witnessed the destruction caused by the war. The documentaries ''One Nigeria'' and ''Eastern Nigeria Revisited'' were influenced by his impression of the war. A pioneer of Nigerian filmmaking, Balogun produced his first films in the early 1970s. His 1981 film ''For Freedom!'' was entered into the 12th Moscow International Film Festival.<ref name="Moscow1981">{{Cite web |title=12th Moscow International Film Festival (1981) |url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1981 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421050907/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1981 |archive-date=21 April 2013 |access-date=25 January 2013 |website=MIFF}}</ref> In 1973, he founded Afrocult Foundation, an independent film company. == Film career == After producing documentaries, Balogun produced ''Alpha'', a medium-length film about an African émigré in Paris. His follow-up was Vivre, a non-fiction story about his friend who became handicapped as a result of an accident. After ''Vivre'', Balogun was commissioned by the government to produce ''Nigersteel'', a film about Nigeria's industrialization stage. His next movie project dealt with the subject matter of embracing and not discarding African culture and tradition in the search for future goals. This film, ''Amadi'', released in 1975, is an Igbo-language movie about a man moving back to the village after having limited success and little fulfilment in the city of Lagos. In the village, he used the knowledge and skills learned to promote the use of modern agricultural techniques. The film broke new ground in Nigerian cinema as the first feature-length movie in Igbo language.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}} The film found success in [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Eastern Nigeria]] but limited success elsewhere. Ajani Ogun, Balogun's first indigenous Yoruba-language film, is a musical released in celluloid form in 1975. The film had [[Adeyemi Afolayan|Ade Love]] in the lead role, while the majority of the crew came from Duro Ladipo's travelling theatre troupe. Balogun reached a wider audience with ''Ajani Ogun,'' and the success of the film led to an increase in the adoption of stage plays performed by [[Adabin Yarabawa|Yoruba traveling theatres]] into feature-length movies. After the success of ''Ajani Ogun'', his next project was ''Musik Man'', a movie produced in [[Pidgin na Najeriya|pidgin]] and English so as to reach a wider audience. However, the film was not financially successful.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}} Balogun bounced back with ''Ija Ominira'', an adaptation of [[Adebayo Faleti]]'s novel, ''Omo Olokun Esin'', which was being performed on stage by a theatre troupe. The movie was produced in collaboration with Ade Love, his lead actor in ''Ajani Ogun''; Ade Love was also the lead actor in ''Ija Ominira''. There were filming difficulties between Balogun and Ade Love on the set of ''Ija Ominira'', both men had minor disagreements about the direction of the movie. Balogun followed Ade Love's ''Ija Ominira'' with ''A Deusa Negra'', also known as ''[[Black Goddess]]'', which he both wrote and directed; the project was a Nigerian-Brazilian collaboration distributed by Embrafilme of Brazil. A Brazilian producer had seen some of Balogun's previous works and asked him to shoot a new movie in Brazil. Despite some tensions and financial challenges, he completed the film in 1978. In Aiye (1979), Balogun expanded the stage play of one of Hubert Ogunde's popular acts into a feature-length film. The theme of the movie was a classic tale of the struggle between good and evil. The good was a traditional priest or babalawo and the evil characters were the witches in the village.[1] Aiye, which employed many Yoruba stage actors and some technical crew from Black Goddess, was a financial success, although as with Ija Ominira, Balogun and Hubert Ogunde, the lead actor and co-producer, had some disagreements about the movie's direction.[1] In 1980, Balogun produced ''Cry Freedom'' (previously titled ''Haraka''), with Prunella Gee and Albert Hall in the lead roles. The film was shot in [[Ghana]], and Balogun used some technicians, such as Jose Medeiros, who had previously worked with him on ''A Deusa Negra''. ''Cry Freedom'', inspired by [[Meja Mwangi]]'s ''[[Carcase for Hounds]]'', is about an uprising that led to guerrilla warfare in an African country. The movie found fans among Nigerian intellectuals, but it did not appeal to a mass audience.{{Sfn|Ukdike|1989}} Balogun's collaboration with Moses Olaiya, also known as Baba Sala, was the big-budget ''Orun Mooru (Heaven is Hot)''. Thereafter, Balogun stopped working with lead actors from the Yoruba theatre group. In 1982, he released ''Money Power''. == Political life == Balogun was a member of [[Ibrahim Babangida|President Babangida's]] Political Bureau but resigned due to concerns over the means of achieving the bureau's objectives.  Balogun has been a regular attendee at [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|FESPACO]] (the Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" ! style="width:33px;" |Year ! width="145" |Film ! width="65" |Director ! width="65" |Producer ! width="65" |Writer |- |1972 | style="text-align:left" |''Alpha'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1975 | style="text-align:left" |''Ajani Ogun'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1975 | style="text-align:left" |''Amadi'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1976 | style="text-align:left" |''Musik Man'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1978 | style="text-align:left" |''Ija Ominira'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | |- |1978 | style="text-align:left" |''[[Black Goddess]]'' | {{Yes}} | | {{Yes}} |- |1979 | style="text-align:left" |''Aiye'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | |- |1981 | style="text-align:left" |''Cry Freedom'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1982 | style="text-align:left" |''Money Power'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} |- |1982 | style="text-align:left" |''[[Orun Mooru]]'' | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | |- |1988 | style="text-align:left" |''River Niger, Black Mother'' | {{Yes}} | | |- |1993 | style="text-align:left" |''Magic of Nigeria'' | {{Yes}} | | |- |1994 | style="text-align:left" |''Destination Barbados'' | {{Yes}} | | |- |1998 | style="text-align:left" |''Gods of Africa in Brazil'' | {{Yes}} | | {{Yes}} |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ldi6xrsvaprstus2qvvteece1gmdmxh 0 26572 967977 966664 2026-10-15T21:24:38Z Hamza DK 12444 967977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Baaj Adebule''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1988) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, samfurin, kuma Mai shirya fim-finai daga Jihar Ogun a Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya . <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baaj_Adebule#cite_note-1 </ref> [1] [2][3] Ya fito a fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] tun shekarar 2012. Ya fara aikinsa a wasan kwaikwayo na M-Net ''[[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]]'' kuma ya bayyana a fina-finai da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar su ''Hush'', The Men's Club, Payday, ''Zena'', Uncloaked, The Governor, The Missing, A Soldier's Story 1 & 2, ''Omo Wa'', Beast Within, da The ''Moles''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Payday Full Movie Online, Comedy Film |url=https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/movies/payday-743855.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811143258/https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/movies/payday-743855.html |archive-date=2021-08-11 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=www.digit.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 13, 2015 |title=I’ve always had passion for arts – Baaj Adebule |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/ive-always-had-passion-for-arts-baaj-adebule/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Adebule a asibitin Jalupon da ke Surulere, [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]]. Ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin yaro a Maryland Legas, inda ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Seat of Wisdom da makarantar sakandare ta Caleb. Ya koma Surulere bayan kisan aurensa a shekara ta 2005. Adebule dan asalin [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] ne kuma ɗan asalin yankin karamar hukumar [[Ijebu Ode]] ne na [[Kwalejin Fasahar Lafiya ta Jihar Ogun|Jihar Ogun]] . An haife shi a gidan [[Kirista]]. Mahaifinsa injiniya ne kuma mahaifiyarsa mai lissafi da kuma dan kasuwa. Shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara tara daga aure da yawa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Biography – Baaj Adebule |url=https://baajadebule.com/?page_id=26 |access-date=2020-09-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> Shekaru na makaranta sun mayar da hankali ga ilimi, yayin da iyayensa suka jaddada muhimmancin ilimi na yau da kullun. Yayinda yake ƙarami, ya mai da hankali kan wasanni da zane-zane, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, kwando, badminton, wasan tennis na tebur, da waƙa. A cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, Adebule ya bayyana cewa ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta coci tun yana ƙarami da kuma memba na ƙungiyar fasaha ta makarantarsa. Adebule an fi saninsa da ƙaunar fina-finai, wanda ya mai da hankali kan bayan kisan iyayensa. A shekara ta 2005, Adebule ya fara halartar [[Jami'ar Covenant University|Jami'ar Alkawari]] a [[Jihar Ogun]] don nazarin tattalin arziki. Ya kammala karatu tare da aji na biyu a shekara ta 2009. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya shiga cikin zane-zane da wasanni. Ya yi aiki a Multi Choice kusan kusan shekaru biyu kafin ya bar don mayar da hankali kan nishaɗi.<ref name=":2" /> == Ayyuka == Adebule ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samfurin a cikin 2010 yayin da yake aiki a cikin aiki tara zuwa biyar. Zai je don sauraro da hotuna a lokacinsa na kyauta. Daga bisani ya sami karamin aiki a kan telenovela ''[[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]]'' . Tare da goyon bayan abokansa da danginsa, ya kasance mai takara a gasar Mista Najeriya ta 2011, inda ya zo na 4. A shekara ta 2012, ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma yin samfurin cikakken lokaci.<ref name=":2" /> Adebule ya sami jefa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, gami da Asirin da Scandals, ''Iyali Mai Farin Ciki'', yana aiki tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar Sola Sobowale, Victor Olaotan da sauransu. A shekara ta 2014, Adebule ta fito a fina-finai da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin irin su Four Crooks da ''Rookie'', Deadline, Studio, da Lekki Wives . <ref name=":2" /> Ya fara fitowa na farko a cikin fim din A Soldier's Story, da kuma Road to Yesterday. Har ila yau a wannan shekarar, ya ƙaddamar da kamfanin samar da House of Baaj Pictures . Shirinsa na farko shi ne Seeing Betrayal, wanda ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni ya ci gaba da lashe mafi kyawun gajeren fim a Afirka 2015 a Zafaa Global Awards . <ref name=":2" /> Adebule ta fito a cikin ''Hush'', tana nuna Adze . Ya fito a cikin shirye-shirye kamar 5ive, The Governor, Uncloaked, The Missing, Payday, da Battleground Showdown . == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Name !Character !Role !Production !Director |- | rowspan="3" |2012 |''[[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]]'' |Javier |Supporting |Telenovela |Mnet |- |''Secrets and Scandals'' |Victor |Lead |Series |Elvis Chuwks |- |''Happy Family'' |Chris |Supporting |Series |Elvis Chuwks |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |''Four Crooks and A Rookie'' |Toba |Supporting |Film |Eze Ugo Maduka |- |''Two Sides of A Coin'' |Hacker |Supporting |Series |– |- | rowspan="2" |2014 |''Deadline'' |David |Lead |Series |[[Imoh Umoren]] |- |''Studio'' |Young One |Supporting |Series |OLA |- | rowspan="5" |2015 |''[[Lekki Wives]]'' |Director |Supporting |Series |Blessing Egbe |- |''Seeing Betrayal'' |Husband |Lead |Short Film |Baaj Adebule |- |''[[A Soldiers Story (fim na 2015)|A Soldier's Story]]'' |Captain Dave |Supporting |Film |Frankie Ogar |- |''[[Road to Yesterday (fim)|Road to Yesterday]]'' |Janitor/Nurse |Supporting |Film |Ishaya Bako |- |''[[Shuga Naija|Shuga]]'' |Bartender |Supporting |Series |Biyi Bamidele |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |''Batteries Not Included'' |Guy |Lead |Short Film |OluYomi Ososanya |- |''Hush'' |Adze |Lead |Telenovela |Vicor S. Tope O. & Pat |- |''The Governor'' |Carl |Supporting |Series |Ema E. |- |''5ive'' |Segun |Lead |Series |OLA |- | rowspan="4" |2017 |''Uncloaked'' |Thankgod |Lead |Film |Daniel Oriahi |- |''The Missing'' |Detective Lazarus |Lead |Film |Seyi Babatope |- |''Distraction'' |Kevin |Supporting |Short Film |Deolu Owu |- |''Stay'' |Femi |Lead |Short Film |Ayomide Adeleke |- | rowspan="12" |2018 |''The Undergrads'' |Tunde |Lead |SitCom |Sade Dada |- |''Armstrong'' |Doctor |Supporting |Short Film |Maverick Films |- |''T.R.U.L.I.S'' |Taiwo Mathews |Lead |Series |7 Series |- |''Payday &nbsp; &nbsp;'' |Paul |Lead |Film |Lawrence Cheta |- |''30 Minutes'' |Johnbull/JB |Supporting |Series |7 Series |- |''Requital'' |Husband |Lead |Short film |Amaka Sandra |- |''Bachelor's Party'' |Abdul |Lead |Film |Seun Akinseloyin |- |''Through the Fast Lane'' |James |Lead |Series |Abiodun Williams |- |''Club'' |Tunde |Supporting |Film |Imoh Umoren |- |''BattleGround Showdown'' |Adze Tsenogu |Lead |Telenovela |Yemi Filmboy Morafa |- |''[[The Men's Club (Nigerian web series)|The Men's Club]]'' |Louis |Lead |Web Series |Tola Odunsi |- |''3 Bottles on aTable'' |Segun |Lead |Pilot |Baaj Adebule |- | rowspan="5" |2019 |''Wrong Con'' |John |Lead |Shortfilm |Charles Obiemere |- |''Beast Within'' |Stanley |Lead |Film |Daniel Oriahi |- |''Zena'' |Loik |Lead |Film |Daniel Oriahi |- |''Rust'' |Collins |Supporting |Film |Eseosa Adanihuomwan |- |''The Men's Club Season 2'' |Louis |Lead |Web Series |Tola Odunsi |} {| class="wikitable" |Ranar harbi |Sunan |Halinsa |Matsayi |Fitarwa |Daraktan |- |2015 |''Eripa'' |Jeffery |Lead |Fim din |Kayode Adeleke |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |''Labarin Soja: Komawa Daga Matattu'' |Kyaftin Dave |Lead |Fim din |Frankie Ogar |- |''Kamfanin 3'' |Inuwa |Lead |SitCom |Paul Gaius |- |''Ayyuka'' |Mai bincike Steve |Taimako |Fim din |Omas |- | rowspan="8" |2019 |''Sabon Mutum'' |Sabon Mutum |Lead |Gajeren fim |Tolulope Ajayi |- |''Lemonade'' |Harry |Lead |Fim din |Mustapha Edochie |- |''Musayar Gaskiya'' |Joshua |Lead |Fim din |Abiodun Williams |- |''Scarlett'' |Frank |Taimako |Fim din |Eseosa Adanihuomwan |- |''Barin Tafiya'' |Maxwell |Lead |Fim din |Abiodun Williams |- |''Maple Inn'' |Ishaku |Taimako |Fim din |Seun Akinseloyin |- |''Moles'' |Kanmi |Lead |Fim din |Uche Chukwu |- |''Jerin Tarihin da ya ɓace'' |Mai bincike Lazarus |Lead |Ƙananan Jerin |Seyi Babatope |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Award ceremony !Category !Film !Result !Ref |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Best of Nollywood Awards]] |Revelation of the Year –male |{{N/a}} |{{Nom}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|7484900}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cxwnajqttq117sceq8d5xhm4o88httr 967982 967977 2026-10-15T21:25:18Z Hamza DK 12444 967982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Baaj Adebule''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1988) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, samfurin, kuma Mai shirya fim-finai daga Jihar Ogun a Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya . <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baaj_Adebule#cite_note-1 </ref> [2][3] Ya fito a fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] tun shekarar 2012. Ya fara aikinsa a wasan kwaikwayo na M-Net ''[[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]]'' kuma ya bayyana a fina-finai da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar su ''Hush'', The Men's Club, Payday, ''Zena'', Uncloaked, The Governor, The Missing, A Soldier's Story 1 & 2, ''Omo Wa'', Beast Within, da The ''Moles''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Payday Full Movie Online, Comedy Film |url=https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/movies/payday-743855.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811143258/https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/movies/payday-743855.html |archive-date=2021-08-11 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=www.digit.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 13, 2015 |title=I’ve always had passion for arts – Baaj Adebule |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/ive-always-had-passion-for-arts-baaj-adebule/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Adebule a asibitin Jalupon da ke Surulere, [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]]. Ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin yaro a Maryland Legas, inda ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Seat of Wisdom da makarantar sakandare ta Caleb. Ya koma Surulere bayan kisan aurensa a shekara ta 2005. Adebule dan asalin [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] ne kuma ɗan asalin yankin karamar hukumar [[Ijebu Ode]] ne na [[Kwalejin Fasahar Lafiya ta Jihar Ogun|Jihar Ogun]] . An haife shi a gidan [[Kirista]]. Mahaifinsa injiniya ne kuma mahaifiyarsa mai lissafi da kuma dan kasuwa. Shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara tara daga aure da yawa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Biography – Baaj Adebule |url=https://baajadebule.com/?page_id=26 |access-date=2020-09-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> Shekaru na makaranta sun mayar da hankali ga ilimi, yayin da iyayensa suka jaddada muhimmancin ilimi na yau da kullun. Yayinda yake ƙarami, ya mai da hankali kan wasanni da zane-zane, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, kwando, badminton, wasan tennis na tebur, da waƙa. A cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, Adebule ya bayyana cewa ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta coci tun yana ƙarami da kuma memba na ƙungiyar fasaha ta makarantarsa. Adebule an fi saninsa da ƙaunar fina-finai, wanda ya mai da hankali kan bayan kisan iyayensa. A shekara ta 2005, Adebule ya fara halartar [[Jami'ar Covenant University|Jami'ar Alkawari]] a [[Jihar Ogun]] don nazarin tattalin arziki. Ya kammala karatu tare da aji na biyu a shekara ta 2009. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya shiga cikin zane-zane da wasanni. Ya yi aiki a Multi Choice kusan kusan shekaru biyu kafin ya bar don mayar da hankali kan nishaɗi.<ref name=":2" /> == Ayyuka == Adebule ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samfurin a cikin 2010 yayin da yake aiki a cikin aiki tara zuwa biyar. Zai je don sauraro da hotuna a lokacinsa na kyauta. Daga bisani ya sami karamin aiki a kan telenovela ''[[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]]'' . Tare da goyon bayan abokansa da danginsa, ya kasance mai takara a gasar Mista Najeriya ta 2011, inda ya zo na 4. A shekara ta 2012, ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma yin samfurin cikakken lokaci.<ref name=":2" /> Adebule ya sami jefa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, gami da Asirin da Scandals, ''Iyali Mai Farin Ciki'', yana aiki tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar Sola Sobowale, Victor Olaotan da sauransu. A shekara ta 2014, Adebule ta fito a fina-finai da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin irin su Four Crooks da ''Rookie'', Deadline, Studio, da Lekki Wives . <ref name=":2" /> Ya fara fitowa na farko a cikin fim din A Soldier's Story, da kuma Road to Yesterday. Har ila yau a wannan shekarar, ya ƙaddamar da kamfanin samar da House of Baaj Pictures . Shirinsa na farko shi ne Seeing Betrayal, wanda ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni ya ci gaba da lashe mafi kyawun gajeren fim a Afirka 2015 a Zafaa Global Awards . <ref name=":2" /> Adebule ta fito a cikin ''Hush'', tana nuna Adze . Ya fito a cikin shirye-shirye kamar 5ive, The Governor, Uncloaked, The Missing, Payday, da Battleground Showdown . == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Name !Character !Role !Production !Director |- | rowspan="3" |2012 |''[[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]]'' |Javier |Supporting |Telenovela |Mnet |- |''Secrets and Scandals'' |Victor |Lead |Series |Elvis Chuwks |- |''Happy Family'' |Chris |Supporting |Series |Elvis Chuwks |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |''Four Crooks and A Rookie'' |Toba |Supporting |Film |Eze Ugo Maduka |- |''Two Sides of A Coin'' |Hacker |Supporting |Series |– |- | rowspan="2" |2014 |''Deadline'' |David |Lead |Series |[[Imoh Umoren]] |- |''Studio'' |Young One |Supporting |Series |OLA |- | rowspan="5" |2015 |''[[Lekki Wives]]'' |Director |Supporting |Series |Blessing Egbe |- |''Seeing Betrayal'' |Husband |Lead |Short Film |Baaj Adebule |- |''[[A Soldiers Story (fim na 2015)|A Soldier's Story]]'' |Captain Dave |Supporting |Film |Frankie Ogar |- |''[[Road to Yesterday (fim)|Road to Yesterday]]'' |Janitor/Nurse |Supporting |Film |Ishaya Bako |- |''[[Shuga Naija|Shuga]]'' |Bartender |Supporting |Series |Biyi Bamidele |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |''Batteries Not Included'' |Guy |Lead |Short Film |OluYomi Ososanya |- |''Hush'' |Adze |Lead |Telenovela |Vicor S. Tope O. & Pat |- |''The Governor'' |Carl |Supporting |Series |Ema E. |- |''5ive'' |Segun |Lead |Series |OLA |- | rowspan="4" |2017 |''Uncloaked'' |Thankgod |Lead |Film |Daniel Oriahi |- |''The Missing'' |Detective Lazarus |Lead |Film |Seyi Babatope |- |''Distraction'' |Kevin |Supporting |Short Film |Deolu Owu |- |''Stay'' |Femi |Lead |Short Film |Ayomide Adeleke |- | rowspan="12" |2018 |''The Undergrads'' |Tunde |Lead |SitCom |Sade Dada |- |''Armstrong'' |Doctor |Supporting |Short Film |Maverick Films |- |''T.R.U.L.I.S'' |Taiwo Mathews |Lead |Series |7 Series |- |''Payday &nbsp; &nbsp;'' |Paul |Lead |Film |Lawrence Cheta |- |''30 Minutes'' |Johnbull/JB |Supporting |Series |7 Series |- |''Requital'' |Husband |Lead |Short film |Amaka Sandra |- |''Bachelor's Party'' |Abdul |Lead |Film |Seun Akinseloyin |- |''Through the Fast Lane'' |James |Lead |Series |Abiodun Williams |- |''Club'' |Tunde |Supporting |Film |Imoh Umoren |- |''BattleGround Showdown'' |Adze Tsenogu |Lead |Telenovela |Yemi Filmboy Morafa |- |''[[The Men's Club (Nigerian web series)|The Men's Club]]'' |Louis |Lead |Web Series |Tola Odunsi |- |''3 Bottles on aTable'' |Segun |Lead |Pilot |Baaj Adebule |- | rowspan="5" |2019 |''Wrong Con'' |John |Lead |Shortfilm |Charles Obiemere |- |''Beast Within'' |Stanley |Lead |Film |Daniel Oriahi |- |''Zena'' |Loik |Lead |Film |Daniel Oriahi |- |''Rust'' |Collins |Supporting |Film |Eseosa Adanihuomwan |- |''The Men's Club Season 2'' |Louis |Lead |Web Series |Tola Odunsi |} {| class="wikitable" |Ranar harbi |Sunan |Halinsa |Matsayi |Fitarwa |Daraktan |- |2015 |''Eripa'' |Jeffery |Lead |Fim din |Kayode Adeleke |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |''Labarin Soja: Komawa Daga Matattu'' |Kyaftin Dave |Lead |Fim din |Frankie Ogar |- |''Kamfanin 3'' |Inuwa |Lead |SitCom |Paul Gaius |- |''Ayyuka'' |Mai bincike Steve |Taimako |Fim din |Omas |- | rowspan="8" |2019 |''Sabon Mutum'' |Sabon Mutum |Lead |Gajeren fim |Tolulope Ajayi |- |''Lemonade'' |Harry |Lead |Fim din |Mustapha Edochie |- |''Musayar Gaskiya'' |Joshua |Lead |Fim din |Abiodun Williams |- |''Scarlett'' |Frank |Taimako |Fim din |Eseosa Adanihuomwan |- |''Barin Tafiya'' |Maxwell |Lead |Fim din |Abiodun Williams |- |''Maple Inn'' |Ishaku |Taimako |Fim din |Seun Akinseloyin |- |''Moles'' |Kanmi |Lead |Fim din |Uche Chukwu |- |''Jerin Tarihin da ya ɓace'' |Mai bincike Lazarus |Lead |Ƙananan Jerin |Seyi Babatope |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Award ceremony !Category !Film !Result !Ref |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Best of Nollywood Awards]] |Revelation of the Year –male |{{N/a}} |{{Nom}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|7484900}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hfl7p7pj2yvhddo42tc0rk2y6u4ig9k 967996 967982 2026-10-15T21:28:18Z Hamza DK 12444 967996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Baaj Adebule''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1988) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, samfurin, kuma Mai shirya fim-finai daga Jihar Ogun a Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya . <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baaj_Adebule#cite_note-1 </ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baaj_Adebule#cite_note-2 </ref>[2][3] Ya fito a fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] tun shekarar 2012. Ya fara aikinsa a wasan kwaikwayo na M-Net ''[[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]]'' kuma ya bayyana a fina-finai da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar su ''Hush'', The Men's Club, Payday, ''Zena'', Uncloaked, The Governor, The Missing, A Soldier's Story 1 & 2, ''Omo Wa'', Beast Within, da The ''Moles''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Payday Full Movie Online, Comedy Film |url=https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/movies/payday-743855.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811143258/https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/movies/payday-743855.html |archive-date=2021-08-11 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=www.digit.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 13, 2015 |title=I’ve always had passion for arts – Baaj Adebule |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/ive-always-had-passion-for-arts-baaj-adebule/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Adebule a asibitin Jalupon da ke Surulere, [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]]. Ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin yaro a Maryland Legas, inda ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Seat of Wisdom da makarantar sakandare ta Caleb. Ya koma Surulere bayan kisan aurensa a shekara ta 2005. Adebule dan asalin [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] ne kuma ɗan asalin yankin karamar hukumar [[Ijebu Ode]] ne na [[Kwalejin Fasahar Lafiya ta Jihar Ogun|Jihar Ogun]] . An haife shi a gidan [[Kirista]]. Mahaifinsa injiniya ne kuma mahaifiyarsa mai lissafi da kuma dan kasuwa. Shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara tara daga aure da yawa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Biography – Baaj Adebule |url=https://baajadebule.com/?page_id=26 |access-date=2020-09-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> Shekaru na makaranta sun mayar da hankali ga ilimi, yayin da iyayensa suka jaddada muhimmancin ilimi na yau da kullun. Yayinda yake ƙarami, ya mai da hankali kan wasanni da zane-zane, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, kwando, badminton, wasan tennis na tebur, da waƙa. A cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, Adebule ya bayyana cewa ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta coci tun yana ƙarami da kuma memba na ƙungiyar fasaha ta makarantarsa. Adebule an fi saninsa da ƙaunar fina-finai, wanda ya mai da hankali kan bayan kisan iyayensa. A shekara ta 2005, Adebule ya fara halartar [[Jami'ar Covenant University|Jami'ar Alkawari]] a [[Jihar Ogun]] don nazarin tattalin arziki. Ya kammala karatu tare da aji na biyu a shekara ta 2009. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya shiga cikin zane-zane da wasanni. Ya yi aiki a Multi Choice kusan kusan shekaru biyu kafin ya bar don mayar da hankali kan nishaɗi.<ref name=":2" /> == Ayyuka == Adebule ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samfurin a cikin 2010 yayin da yake aiki a cikin aiki tara zuwa biyar. Zai je don sauraro da hotuna a lokacinsa na kyauta. Daga bisani ya sami karamin aiki a kan telenovela ''[[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]]'' . Tare da goyon bayan abokansa da danginsa, ya kasance mai takara a gasar Mista Najeriya ta 2011, inda ya zo na 4. A shekara ta 2012, ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma yin samfurin cikakken lokaci.<ref name=":2" /> Adebule ya sami jefa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, gami da Asirin da Scandals, ''Iyali Mai Farin Ciki'', yana aiki tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar Sola Sobowale, Victor Olaotan da sauransu. A shekara ta 2014, Adebule ta fito a fina-finai da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin irin su Four Crooks da ''Rookie'', Deadline, Studio, da Lekki Wives . <ref name=":2" /> Ya fara fitowa na farko a cikin fim din A Soldier's Story, da kuma Road to Yesterday. Har ila yau a wannan shekarar, ya ƙaddamar da kamfanin samar da House of Baaj Pictures . Shirinsa na farko shi ne Seeing Betrayal, wanda ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni ya ci gaba da lashe mafi kyawun gajeren fim a Afirka 2015 a Zafaa Global Awards . <ref name=":2" /> Adebule ta fito a cikin ''Hush'', tana nuna Adze . Ya fito a cikin shirye-shirye kamar 5ive, The Governor, Uncloaked, The Missing, Payday, da Battleground Showdown . == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Name !Character !Role !Production !Director |- | rowspan="3" |2012 |''[[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]]'' |Javier |Supporting |Telenovela |Mnet |- |''Secrets and Scandals'' |Victor |Lead |Series |Elvis Chuwks |- |''Happy Family'' |Chris |Supporting |Series |Elvis Chuwks |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |''Four Crooks and A Rookie'' |Toba |Supporting |Film |Eze Ugo Maduka |- |''Two Sides of A Coin'' |Hacker |Supporting |Series |– |- | rowspan="2" |2014 |''Deadline'' |David |Lead |Series |[[Imoh Umoren]] |- |''Studio'' |Young One |Supporting |Series |OLA |- | rowspan="5" |2015 |''[[Lekki Wives]]'' |Director |Supporting |Series |Blessing Egbe |- |''Seeing Betrayal'' |Husband |Lead |Short Film |Baaj Adebule |- |''[[A Soldiers Story (fim na 2015)|A Soldier's Story]]'' |Captain Dave |Supporting |Film |Frankie Ogar |- |''[[Road to Yesterday (fim)|Road to Yesterday]]'' |Janitor/Nurse |Supporting |Film |Ishaya Bako |- |''[[Shuga Naija|Shuga]]'' |Bartender |Supporting |Series |Biyi Bamidele |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |''Batteries Not Included'' |Guy |Lead |Short Film |OluYomi Ososanya |- |''Hush'' |Adze |Lead |Telenovela |Vicor S. Tope O. & Pat |- |''The Governor'' |Carl |Supporting |Series |Ema E. |- |''5ive'' |Segun |Lead |Series |OLA |- | rowspan="4" |2017 |''Uncloaked'' |Thankgod |Lead |Film |Daniel Oriahi |- |''The Missing'' |Detective Lazarus |Lead |Film |Seyi Babatope |- |''Distraction'' |Kevin |Supporting |Short Film |Deolu Owu |- |''Stay'' |Femi |Lead |Short Film |Ayomide Adeleke |- | rowspan="12" |2018 |''The Undergrads'' |Tunde |Lead |SitCom |Sade Dada |- |''Armstrong'' |Doctor |Supporting |Short Film |Maverick Films |- |''T.R.U.L.I.S'' |Taiwo Mathews |Lead |Series |7 Series |- |''Payday &nbsp; &nbsp;'' |Paul |Lead |Film |Lawrence Cheta |- |''30 Minutes'' |Johnbull/JB |Supporting |Series |7 Series |- |''Requital'' |Husband |Lead |Short film |Amaka Sandra |- |''Bachelor's Party'' |Abdul |Lead |Film |Seun Akinseloyin |- |''Through the Fast Lane'' |James |Lead |Series |Abiodun Williams |- |''Club'' |Tunde |Supporting |Film |Imoh Umoren |- |''BattleGround Showdown'' |Adze Tsenogu |Lead |Telenovela |Yemi Filmboy Morafa |- |''[[The Men's Club (Nigerian web series)|The Men's Club]]'' |Louis |Lead |Web Series |Tola Odunsi |- |''3 Bottles on aTable'' |Segun |Lead |Pilot |Baaj Adebule |- | rowspan="5" |2019 |''Wrong Con'' |John |Lead |Shortfilm |Charles Obiemere |- |''Beast Within'' |Stanley |Lead |Film |Daniel Oriahi |- |''Zena'' |Loik |Lead |Film |Daniel Oriahi |- |''Rust'' |Collins |Supporting |Film |Eseosa Adanihuomwan |- |''The Men's Club Season 2'' |Louis |Lead |Web Series |Tola Odunsi |} {| class="wikitable" |Ranar harbi |Sunan |Halinsa |Matsayi |Fitarwa |Daraktan |- |2015 |''Eripa'' |Jeffery |Lead |Fim din |Kayode Adeleke |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |''Labarin Soja: Komawa Daga Matattu'' |Kyaftin Dave |Lead |Fim din |Frankie Ogar |- |''Kamfanin 3'' |Inuwa |Lead |SitCom |Paul Gaius |- |''Ayyuka'' |Mai bincike Steve |Taimako |Fim din |Omas |- | rowspan="8" |2019 |''Sabon Mutum'' |Sabon Mutum |Lead |Gajeren fim |Tolulope Ajayi |- |''Lemonade'' |Harry |Lead |Fim din |Mustapha Edochie |- |''Musayar Gaskiya'' |Joshua |Lead |Fim din |Abiodun Williams |- |''Scarlett'' |Frank |Taimako |Fim din |Eseosa Adanihuomwan |- |''Barin Tafiya'' |Maxwell |Lead |Fim din |Abiodun Williams |- |''Maple Inn'' |Ishaku |Taimako |Fim din |Seun Akinseloyin |- |''Moles'' |Kanmi |Lead |Fim din |Uche Chukwu |- |''Jerin Tarihin da ya ɓace'' |Mai bincike Lazarus |Lead |Ƙananan Jerin |Seyi Babatope |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Award ceremony !Category !Film !Result !Ref |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Best of Nollywood Awards]] |Revelation of the Year –male |{{N/a}} |{{Nom}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|7484900}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fwsbqgv78fvr81ihg77sjazvlhae8np 967997 967996 2026-10-15T21:28:44Z Hamza DK 12444 967997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Baaj Adebule''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1988) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, samfurin, kuma Mai shirya fim-finai daga Jihar Ogun a Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya . <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baaj_Adebule#cite_note-1 </ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baaj_Adebule#cite_note-2 </ref>[3] Ya fito a fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] tun shekarar 2012. Ya fara aikinsa a wasan kwaikwayo na M-Net ''[[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]]'' kuma ya bayyana a fina-finai da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar su ''Hush'', The Men's Club, Payday, ''Zena'', Uncloaked, The Governor, The Missing, A Soldier's Story 1 & 2, ''Omo Wa'', Beast Within, da The ''Moles''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Payday Full Movie Online, Comedy Film |url=https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/movies/payday-743855.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811143258/https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/movies/payday-743855.html |archive-date=2021-08-11 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=www.digit.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 13, 2015 |title=I’ve always had passion for arts – Baaj Adebule |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/ive-always-had-passion-for-arts-baaj-adebule/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Adebule a asibitin Jalupon da ke Surulere, [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]]. Ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin yaro a Maryland Legas, inda ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Seat of Wisdom da makarantar sakandare ta Caleb. Ya koma Surulere bayan kisan aurensa a shekara ta 2005. Adebule dan asalin [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] ne kuma ɗan asalin yankin karamar hukumar [[Ijebu Ode]] ne na [[Kwalejin Fasahar Lafiya ta Jihar Ogun|Jihar Ogun]] . An haife shi a gidan [[Kirista]]. Mahaifinsa injiniya ne kuma mahaifiyarsa mai lissafi da kuma dan kasuwa. Shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara tara daga aure da yawa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Biography – Baaj Adebule |url=https://baajadebule.com/?page_id=26 |access-date=2020-09-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> Shekaru na makaranta sun mayar da hankali ga ilimi, yayin da iyayensa suka jaddada muhimmancin ilimi na yau da kullun. Yayinda yake ƙarami, ya mai da hankali kan wasanni da zane-zane, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, kwando, badminton, wasan tennis na tebur, da waƙa. A cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, Adebule ya bayyana cewa ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta coci tun yana ƙarami da kuma memba na ƙungiyar fasaha ta makarantarsa. Adebule an fi saninsa da ƙaunar fina-finai, wanda ya mai da hankali kan bayan kisan iyayensa. A shekara ta 2005, Adebule ya fara halartar [[Jami'ar Covenant University|Jami'ar Alkawari]] a [[Jihar Ogun]] don nazarin tattalin arziki. Ya kammala karatu tare da aji na biyu a shekara ta 2009. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya shiga cikin zane-zane da wasanni. Ya yi aiki a Multi Choice kusan kusan shekaru biyu kafin ya bar don mayar da hankali kan nishaɗi.<ref name=":2" /> == Ayyuka == Adebule ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samfurin a cikin 2010 yayin da yake aiki a cikin aiki tara zuwa biyar. Zai je don sauraro da hotuna a lokacinsa na kyauta. Daga bisani ya sami karamin aiki a kan telenovela ''[[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]]'' . Tare da goyon bayan abokansa da danginsa, ya kasance mai takara a gasar Mista Najeriya ta 2011, inda ya zo na 4. A shekara ta 2012, ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma yin samfurin cikakken lokaci.<ref name=":2" /> Adebule ya sami jefa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, gami da Asirin da Scandals, ''Iyali Mai Farin Ciki'', yana aiki tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar Sola Sobowale, Victor Olaotan da sauransu. A shekara ta 2014, Adebule ta fito a fina-finai da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin irin su Four Crooks da ''Rookie'', Deadline, Studio, da Lekki Wives . <ref name=":2" /> Ya fara fitowa na farko a cikin fim din A Soldier's Story, da kuma Road to Yesterday. Har ila yau a wannan shekarar, ya ƙaddamar da kamfanin samar da House of Baaj Pictures . Shirinsa na farko shi ne Seeing Betrayal, wanda ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni ya ci gaba da lashe mafi kyawun gajeren fim a Afirka 2015 a Zafaa Global Awards . <ref name=":2" /> Adebule ta fito a cikin ''Hush'', tana nuna Adze . Ya fito a cikin shirye-shirye kamar 5ive, The Governor, Uncloaked, The Missing, Payday, da Battleground Showdown . == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Name !Character !Role !Production !Director |- | rowspan="3" |2012 |''[[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]]'' |Javier |Supporting |Telenovela |Mnet |- |''Secrets and Scandals'' |Victor |Lead |Series |Elvis Chuwks |- |''Happy Family'' |Chris |Supporting |Series |Elvis Chuwks |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |''Four Crooks and A Rookie'' |Toba |Supporting |Film |Eze Ugo Maduka |- |''Two Sides of A Coin'' |Hacker |Supporting |Series |– |- | rowspan="2" |2014 |''Deadline'' |David |Lead |Series |[[Imoh Umoren]] |- |''Studio'' |Young One |Supporting |Series |OLA |- | rowspan="5" |2015 |''[[Lekki Wives]]'' |Director |Supporting |Series |Blessing Egbe |- |''Seeing Betrayal'' |Husband |Lead |Short Film |Baaj Adebule |- |''[[A Soldiers Story (fim na 2015)|A Soldier's Story]]'' |Captain Dave |Supporting |Film |Frankie Ogar |- |''[[Road to Yesterday (fim)|Road to Yesterday]]'' |Janitor/Nurse |Supporting |Film |Ishaya Bako |- |''[[Shuga Naija|Shuga]]'' |Bartender |Supporting |Series |Biyi Bamidele |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |''Batteries Not Included'' |Guy |Lead |Short Film |OluYomi Ososanya |- |''Hush'' |Adze |Lead |Telenovela |Vicor S. Tope O. & Pat |- |''The Governor'' |Carl |Supporting |Series |Ema E. |- |''5ive'' |Segun |Lead |Series |OLA |- | rowspan="4" |2017 |''Uncloaked'' |Thankgod |Lead |Film |Daniel Oriahi |- |''The Missing'' |Detective Lazarus |Lead |Film |Seyi Babatope |- |''Distraction'' |Kevin |Supporting |Short Film |Deolu Owu |- |''Stay'' |Femi |Lead |Short Film |Ayomide Adeleke |- | rowspan="12" |2018 |''The Undergrads'' |Tunde |Lead |SitCom |Sade Dada |- |''Armstrong'' |Doctor |Supporting |Short Film |Maverick Films |- |''T.R.U.L.I.S'' |Taiwo Mathews |Lead |Series |7 Series |- |''Payday &nbsp; &nbsp;'' |Paul |Lead |Film |Lawrence Cheta |- |''30 Minutes'' |Johnbull/JB |Supporting |Series |7 Series |- |''Requital'' |Husband |Lead |Short film |Amaka Sandra |- |''Bachelor's Party'' |Abdul |Lead |Film |Seun Akinseloyin |- |''Through the Fast Lane'' |James |Lead |Series |Abiodun Williams |- |''Club'' |Tunde |Supporting |Film |Imoh Umoren |- |''BattleGround Showdown'' |Adze Tsenogu |Lead |Telenovela |Yemi Filmboy Morafa |- |''[[The Men's Club (Nigerian web series)|The Men's Club]]'' |Louis |Lead |Web Series |Tola Odunsi |- |''3 Bottles on aTable'' |Segun |Lead |Pilot |Baaj Adebule |- | rowspan="5" |2019 |''Wrong Con'' |John |Lead |Shortfilm |Charles Obiemere |- |''Beast Within'' |Stanley |Lead |Film |Daniel Oriahi |- |''Zena'' |Loik |Lead |Film |Daniel Oriahi |- |''Rust'' |Collins |Supporting |Film |Eseosa Adanihuomwan |- |''The Men's Club Season 2'' |Louis |Lead |Web Series |Tola Odunsi |} {| class="wikitable" |Ranar harbi |Sunan |Halinsa |Matsayi |Fitarwa |Daraktan |- |2015 |''Eripa'' |Jeffery |Lead |Fim din |Kayode Adeleke |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |''Labarin Soja: Komawa Daga Matattu'' |Kyaftin Dave |Lead |Fim din |Frankie Ogar |- |''Kamfanin 3'' |Inuwa |Lead |SitCom |Paul Gaius |- |''Ayyuka'' |Mai bincike Steve |Taimako |Fim din |Omas |- | rowspan="8" |2019 |''Sabon Mutum'' |Sabon Mutum |Lead |Gajeren fim |Tolulope Ajayi |- |''Lemonade'' |Harry |Lead |Fim din |Mustapha Edochie |- |''Musayar Gaskiya'' |Joshua |Lead |Fim din |Abiodun Williams |- |''Scarlett'' |Frank |Taimako |Fim din |Eseosa Adanihuomwan |- |''Barin Tafiya'' |Maxwell |Lead |Fim din |Abiodun Williams |- |''Maple Inn'' |Ishaku |Taimako |Fim din |Seun Akinseloyin |- |''Moles'' |Kanmi |Lead |Fim din |Uche Chukwu |- |''Jerin Tarihin da ya ɓace'' |Mai bincike Lazarus |Lead |Ƙananan Jerin |Seyi Babatope |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Award ceremony !Category !Film !Result !Ref |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Best of Nollywood Awards]] |Revelation of the Year –male |{{N/a}} |{{Nom}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|7484900}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0jhlq4v9hvau9scifvp32rt1eo3lj8x 0 26808 968038 963511 2026-10-16T00:32:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:SARS-CoV-2_without_background.png |thumb|Samfurin kwayar cutar Corona]] An sanar da [[Koronavirus 2019|bullar COVID-19]] ta farko a Afirka [[Misra|a Masar]] a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 2020.<ref>{{cite news|title=Beijing orders 14-day quarantine for all returnees|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51509248|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|date=15 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa&action=edit210032/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51509248|archive-date=14 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt announces first Coronavirus infection|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[Egypt Today]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215092410/https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|archive-date=15 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> An aiwatar da matakan rigakafi da yawa a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban a [[Afirka]], gami da hana tafiye-tafiye, soke jirgin sama, soke taron,<ref name="CNN 2020-03-092">{{cite news|title=Here are the African countries with confirmed coronavirus cases|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/africa/nigeria-coronavirus-cases-intl/index.html|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[CNN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322032350/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/africa/nigeria-coronavirus-cases-intl/index.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> rufe makarantu, da rufe kan iyaka.<ref name="CNN 2020-03-093">{{cite news|title=Here are the African countries with confirmed coronavirus cases|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/africa/nigeria-coronavirus-cases-intl/index.html|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[CNN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322032350/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/africa/nigeria-coronavirus-cases-intl/index.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Sauran matakan da za a dauka da takaita yaduwar cutar sun haɗa da dokar hana fita, ƙulle-ƙulle, da kuma tilasta sanya abin [[Takunkumi a lokacin annobar cutar korona|rufe fuska]] . Kwayar cutar ta bazu ko'ina cikin nahiyar. [[Lesotho]], ƙasa ta ƙarshe mai cin gashin kanta ta Afirka da ta kasance ba ta da [[Kwayar cuta|kwayar cutar]], ta ba da rahoton bullar cutar a ranar 13 ga watan Mayun shekarar 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-13|title=Remote Lesotho becomes last country in Africa to record COVID-19 case|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-lesotho-idUSKBN22P1R4|url-status=live|access-date=2020-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514053312/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-lesotho-idUSKBN22P1R4|archive-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="latimes.com2">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus live updates: Lesotho becomes last African nation to report a coronavirus case|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513141447/https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|archive-date=13 May 2020|access-date=2020-05-13|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]] == Jadawalin lokacin martani == === Afrilu === ==== 1 ga Afrilu ==== Eritrea ta ba da sanarwar dakatar da makonni uku, wanda ya fara a ranar 2 ga watan Afrilu don yaƙar yaduwar COVID-19.<ref name="Al Jazeera 1 April2">{{cite news|last1=Mayberry|first1=Kate|last2=Uras|first2=Umut|last3=Najjah|first3=Farah|title=Global coronavirus cases surpass 900,000: Live updates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/chief-coronavirus-worst-crisis-wwii-live-updates-200331233659496.html|access-date=2 April 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=2 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402035236/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/chief-coronavirus-worst-crisis-wwii-live-updates-200331233659496.html|archive-date=2 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Saliyo ta ba da sanarwar cewa dokar hana fita ta kwanaki uku za ta fara aiki a ranar Asabar (4 ga Afrilu).<ref name="Al Jazeera 1 April2" /> ==== 14 ga Afrilu ==== Hukumar Kula da Ilimi ta kasar Ghana da Zoomlion Ghana Limited sun hada karfi da karfe don kaddamar da wani shiri na fatattakar dukkan manyan makarantu na musamman da na fasaha a kasar don dakile yaduwar cutar. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/zoomlion-rolls-out-school-disinfection-programme.html|title=Zoomlion rolls out school disinfection programme|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> Shugaban Guinea Alpha Condé ya wajabta wa dukkan 'yan kasar da mazauna wurin sanya abin rufe fuska, wanda zai fara aiki a ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu. Masu laifin suna fuskantar harajin rashin biyayya na farar hula 30,000 na Guinea (US $3.16, €2.8). Condéal ya kuma yi kira ga dukkan kamfanoni, ma'aikatu da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da su samar da abin rufe fuska ga ma'aikatansu a ranar Asabar tare da yin kira da a kera abin rufe fuska a cikin gida kuma a sayar da su cikin sauki.<ref name="Al Jazeera 14 April reports2">{{cite news|last1=Mayberry|first1=Kate|last2=Siddiqui|first2=Usaid|title=More than 1.9&nbsp;million confirmed with coronavirus: Live updates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/million-confirmed-coronavirus-live-updates-200413235036857.html|access-date=14 April 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=14 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414170743/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/million-confirmed-coronavirus-live-updates-200413235036857.html|archive-date=14 April 2020}}</ref> === Mayu === ==== 1 ga Mayu ==== Afirka ta Kudu ta fara sassauta takunkumin hana zirga-zirgar da ta sanya, wanda ya baiwa wasu 'yan kasuwa da masana'antu damar komawa bakin aiki. Za a ba da izinin gidajen abinci don ba da sabis na ɗaukar kaya. Ayyukan nishaɗi kamar tafiya, keke, da gudu za a ba su izinin sa'o'i uku a rana. Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ci gaba da hana sayar da sigari da barasa.<ref name="Al Jazeera 1 May reports2">{{cite news|last1=Regencia|first1=Ted|last2=Aziz|first2=Saba|last3=Stepansky|first3=Joseph|title=WHO says coronavirus 'natural in origin': Live updates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/trump-suggests-coronavirus-linked-wuhan-lab-live-updates-200430231206079.html|access-date=1 May 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501224421/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/trump-suggests-coronavirus-linked-wuhan-lab-live-updates-200430231206079.html|archive-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> Shugaban Zimbabwe [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] ya tsawaita dokar hana fita na tsawon makwanni biyu tare da ba da sanarwar bayar da tallafin dalar Amurka miliyan 720 ga kamfanonin da abin ya shafa.<ref name="Al Jazeera 1 May reports2" /> ==== 4 Mayu ==== Asusun Ba da Lamuni na majalisar Duniya ya rabawa Kamaru dalar Amurka miliyan 226 don biyan ma'auni na gaggawa na biyan buƙatun da annobar COVID-19 ta haifar.<ref name="Al Jazeera 4 May reports2"/> Gwamnatin Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za a dage dokar ta na tsawon sa'o'i 24 na "ku zauna a gida" tun daga ranar 30 ga Maris a babban birnin [[Abuja|tarayya Abuja]] da jihohin [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] da [[Ogun]] na tsawon makonni shida. Wannan ya haɗa da ba da damar kasuwanci da sufuri su dawo tare da mutanen da ke sanye da abin rufe fuska.<ref name="Al Jazeera 4 May reports2"/> A Afirka ta Kudu, Dondo Mogajane, Darakta-Janar na Baitulmalin Kasa, ya yi gargadin cewa tattalin arziƙin Afirka ta Kudu zai iya yin kwangila da kashi 12% kuma kashi daya bisa uku na ma'aikata na iya shafar cutar sankara ta coronavirus sakamakon tabarbarewar tattalin arziƙin ƙasar. Annobar cutar covid19.<ref name="Al Jazeera 4 May reports2">{{cite news|last1=Mayberry|first1=Kate|last2=Najjah|first2=Farah|last3=Allahoum|first3=Ramy|title=US could see 3,000 daily deaths as economy reopens : Live updates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/confirmed-coronavirus-cases-exceed-35m-worldwide-live-updates-200503234441560.html|access-date=4 May 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=4 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505142628/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/confirmed-coronavirus-cases-exceed-35m-worldwide-live-updates-200503234441560.html|archive-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> Ministan kudi da ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasar Zimbabwe Mthuli Ncube ya yi kira ga asusun lamuni na duniya IMF da ya cire basussukan da ke bin sa domin samun tallafin kudaden kasashen waje don ayyukan agaji na COVID-19.<ref name="Al Jazeera 4 May reports2"/> === Yuni === ==== 11 ga Yuni ==== A cewar Shugaban [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] na Afirka, barkewar cutar sankara tana "hanzari" a cikin nahiyar, tare da bayar da rahoton watsa labaran al'umma a fiye da rabin dukkan kasashen Afirka. Bayanai sun nuna cewa an kwashe kwanaki 18 kafin Afirka ta sami rahoton bullar cutar guda 200,000 idan aka kwatanta da kwanaki 98 da nahiyar ta dauka na samun bullar cutar 100,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=WHO warns of accelerating Covid-19 infections in Africa|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/12/global-report-who-warns-of-accelerating-infections-in-africa-but-says-severe-cases-not-going-undetected|access-date=12 June 2020|date=12 June 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]|author=Sullivan, Helen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612191523/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/12/global-report-who-warns-of-accelerating-infections-in-africa-but-says-severe-cases-not-going-undetected|archive-date=12 June 2020}}</ref> Kasar Rwanda za ta kara samun wasu lamunin tattalin arziki na dala miliyan 110 daga Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, don taimakawa kasar wajen yaki da cutar amai da gudawa. Yanzu haka IMF ta baiwa Rwanda sama da dala miliyan 220 a lokacin rikicin.<ref>{{cite news|title=IMF Executive Board Approves an Additional US$111.06 Million Disbursement to Rwanda to Address the COVID-19 Pandemic|url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/06/11/pr20242-rwanda-imf-executive-board-approves-additional-us-111-06m-disbursement-address-covid19|access-date=12 June 2020|date=11 June 2020|work=[[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612191013/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/06/11/pr20242-rwanda-imf-executive-board-approves-additional-us-111-06m-disbursement-address-covid19|archive-date=12 June 2020}}</ref> === Yuli === ==== 2 ga Yuli ==== Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta bayyana cewa nahiyar Afirka ta yi asarar dala biliyan 55 na kudaden shiga da yawon bude ido da yawon bude ido yayin barkewar cutar korona. Kwamitin samar da ababen more rayuwa da makamashi na kungiyar ya yi gargadin cewa wasu kamfanonin jiragen sama na Afirka ba za su tsira daga illar tattalin arzikin da annobar ta haifar ba.<ref name="Al Jazeera 2 July2">{{cite news|title=Brazil coronavirus death toll passes 60,000: Live updates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/07/urges-halt-conflict-coronavirus-pandemic-live-update-200701231825751.html|access-date=3 July 2020|date=2 July 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|last1=Pietromarchi|first1=Virginia|last2=Qazi|first2=Shereena|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703073122/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/07/urges-halt-conflict-coronavirus-pandemic-live-update-200701231825751.html|archive-date=3 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Africa airline industry lost $55 bn from virus shutdown|url=https://news.yahoo.com/africa-airline-industry-lost-55-bn-virus-shutdowns-161905518.html|access-date=3 July 2020|date=2 July 2020|work=[[Yahoo]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703073652/https://news.yahoo.com/africa-airline-industry-lost-55-bn-virus-shutdowns-161905518.html|archive-date=3 July 2020}}</ref> An dage dokar hana fita da aka sanya a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]] a Najeriya saboda cutar korona.<ref name="Al Jazeera 2 July2"/> === Agusta === ==== 3 ga Agusta ==== A Gambia, Ministan Kudi Mambury Njie, Ministan Makamashi Fafa Sanyang, da Ministan Noma Amie Fabureh duk sun gwada ingancin COVID-19, kuma daga baya za su ware kansu tare da yin aiki daga gida, tare da daukar jimillar ministocin majalisar ministocin da suka kamu da cutar. biyar. <ref>{{Cite tweet|title=State House of The Gambia on Twitter|access-date=6 August 2020|date=2 August 2020|user=Presidency_GMB|number=1290049707583000576|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806074652/https://twitter.com/Presidency_GMB/status/1290049707583000576/photo/1|archive-date=6 August 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== 4 ga Agusta ==== Magajin garin Kanifing a Gambia, Talib Bensouda, ya gwada ingancin COVID-19 kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti don jinya, ya zama babban dan siyasa na shida a kasar da ya gwada inganci.<ref name="Al Jazeera 4 August2">{{cite news|title=UN says coronavirus has disrupted education of 1 billion: Live|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/latin-america-tops-million-coronavirus-cases-live-updates-200803231440849.html|access-date=6 August 2020|date=4 August 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|last1=Regencia|first1=Ted|last2=Ibrahim|first2=Arwa|last3=Siddiqui|first3=Usaid|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806172007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/latin-america-tops-million-coronavirus-cases-live-updates-200803231440849.html|archive-date=6 August 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mayor Talib Bensouda announced this afternoon that he tested positive for Covid-19|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1lCzlRiu6Y|access-date=6 August 2020|date=4 August 2020|publisher=[[YouTube]]|author=Fatou, Kerr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806174700/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1lCzlRiu6Y|archive-date=6 August 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kamfanin jirgin sama mai zaman kansa na Najeriya [[Air Peace|Air Peace ya]] sanar da cewa an rage albashi sannan kuma an rage ma matuka jiragen sama kusan 70 aiki sakamakon illar da annobar COVID-19 ke yi a jiragen sama.<ref name="Al Jazeera 4 August2" /> An sanar da mataimakin shugaban kasar Zimbabwe Constantino Chiwenga a matsayin sabon ministan lafiya na kasar, bayan korar tsohon minista Obadiah Moyo bisa wasu zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa da suka shafi yadda gwamnati ke tafiyar da cutar amai da gudawa.<ref name="Al Jazeera 4 August2"/> == Arewacin Afirka == === Masar === [[File:Egypt_Metro_Covid19.jpg|thumb| Mata sanye da abin rufe fuska a Masar]] ==== Taƙaita tafiye-tafiye ==== Ministan sufurin jiragen sama ya rufe filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama tare da dakatar da dukkan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama daga ranar 19 ga Maris.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2020/03/16/egypt-shuts-down-airports-suspends-air-travel-pm/|title=Egypt Shuts Down Airports, Suspends Air Travel: PM|date=16 March 2020}}</ref> Matakin dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a Masar ya fara aiki ne daga ranar 19 ga Maris zuwa 31 ga Maris.<ref name="BBC Arabic2">{{cite web|title=فيروس كورونا: حالة وفاة و46 إصابة جديدة في مصر وتزايد الإصابات في دول عربية|publisher=[[BBC Arabic]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-51963726|trans-title=Corona Virus: One death, 46 new infections in Egypt, and increasing infections in Arab countries|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320110826/https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-51963726|archive-date=20 March 2020|date=19 March 2020|url-status=live|language=ar}}</ref> ==== Lokacin Gwaji ==== Ya zuwa ranar 25 ga Maris, ma'aikatar lafiya ta sanar da cewa an yi gwajin PCR 25,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=25032020&id=913aaaec-a6a9-4e9f-98d0-6a88b6d76fe2|title=وزيرة الصحة: أجرينا 25 ألف تحليل لكورونا بمصر.. و50%؜ من المصابين مخالطين – بوابة الشروق|website=www.shorouknews.com}}</ref> Tun daga 17 ga Afrilu, an yi gwajin PCR 55,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/4/17/مصدر-بالصحة-إجراء-55-ألف-تحليل-PCR-فى-مصر-حتى/4729901|title=مصدر بالصحة: إجراء 55 ألف تحليل PCR فى مصر حتى الآن|date=17 April 2020|website=youm7.com}}</ref> Tun daga 23 ga Afrilu, an yi gwajin PCR 90,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.youm7.com/story/2020/4/23/وزيرة-الصحة-إجراء-أكثر-من-90-ألف-تحليل-pcr-لحالات/4740740|title=وزيرة الصحة: إجراء أكثر من 90 ألف تحليل بي سي ار لحالات مشتبه بإصابتها بكورونا|date=23 April 2020|website=akhbarelyom.com}}</ref> Tun daga 9 ga Mayu 105,000 an yi gwajin PCR<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1976183|title=كم تحليل بي سي ار اجرته مصر للكشف عن كورونا|date=9 May 2020|website=almasryalyoum.com}}</ref> Masar yanzu tana da kayan gwajin PCR sama da 40 da aka tarwatsa ko'ina cikin ƙasar<ref>{{Cite web|title=وزيرة الصحة عن ارتفاع الإصابات: "حتى الأسر اللي فيها إصابات كورونا لا تلتزم بالعزل" {{!}} المصري اليوم|url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1976192|website=www.almasryalyoum.com|language=ar|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> ==== Takaddama ==== Kafofin yada labarai na kasashen waje sun ba da rahoton cewa an [[Bayanai na Covid-19|kama]] wasu mutane bisa zargin yada bayanan karya game da cutar sankarau.<ref>{{cite news|title=Reporting on the coronavirus: Egypt muzzles critical journalists|url=https://www.dw.com/en/reporting-on-the-coronavirus-egypt-muzzles-critical-journalists/a-53009293|work=Deutsche Welle|date=3 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt is more concerned with controlling information than containing the coronavirus|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-egypt-is-more-concerned-with-controlling-information-than-containing/|work=The Globe and Mail|date=3 April 2020}}</ref> === Maroko === ==== Haramcin tashi ==== [[File:Casablanca_Airport_cancelations_due_to_COVID_19.jpg|thumb| Sokewar tashin jirgi a filin jirgin saman Casablanca sakamakon cutar sankarau ta COVID-19]] A ranar 13 ga watan Maris, 2020 Gwamnatin [[Moroko|Maroko ta ba da]] sanarwar dakatar da dukkan zirga-zirgar fasinjoji da mashigin ruwa zuwa da daga [[Aljeriya|Algeria]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]] da [[Faransa]] har sai sanarwa ta gaba.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/03/13/covid-19-le-maroc-boucle-ses-liaisons-aeriennes-et-maritimes-vers-l-espagne-la-france-et-l-algerie_6032978_3212.html|title=Coronavirus : le Maroc ferme ses liaisons aériennes et maritimes vers l'Espagne, la France et l'Algérie|date=13 March 2020|work=[[Le Monde]]|access-date=14 March 2020|language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Maris, 2020, Gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama tare da ƙarin ƙasashe 25. A wannan ranar, an dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama zuwa /daga [[Aljeriya]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]], [[Faransa]], [[Italiya]] da [[Sin|China]] . Bayan haka, zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ya ƙare ba da daɗewa ba tsakanin [[Moroko|Maroko]] da [[Austriya|Austria]], [[Baharen|Bahrain]], [[Beljik|Belgium]], [[Brazil]], [[Kanada|Canada]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Denmark]], [[Misra|Masar]], [[Jamus]], [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]], [[Jodan|Jordan]], [[Lebanon]], [[Mali]], [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Holand|Netherlands]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Niger]], [[Norway]], [[Oman]], [[Portugal]], [[Senegal]], [[Switzerland]], [[Sweden]], [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]], [[Turkiyya]] da [[Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa|UAE]] .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://business.financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/morocco-halts-flights-with-25-more-countries-confirms-18-coronavirus-cases|title=Morocco halts flights with 25 more countries, confirms 18 coronavirus cases|date=14 March 2020|publisher=Financial Post|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Maris, 2020, Gwamnati ta dakatar da dukkan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na kasa da kasa, kuma ba ta sanar da ranar da ake sa ran za a ci gaba da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na kasa da kasa ba. Ya ba da damar wasu tsiraru na jirage ga baƙi masu son tashi su tashi kafin su rufe gaba ɗaya filayen saukar jiragen sama a ranar 22 ga wata.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onda.ma/Je-suis-Passager/Guide-du-voyageur/News-a%C3%A9roportuaires-COVID-19|title=Morocco suspends all international passenger flights – foreign ministry|work=ONDA|date=15 March 2020|access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga watan Yuni, gwamnati ta sake bude manyan filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama don yin jigilar jiragen cikin gida kawai.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onda.ma/Je-suis-Passager/Guide-du-voyageur/News-a%C3%A9roportuaires-COVID-19|title=Morocco allows domestic flights, and announces date for international flights to resume|work=ONDA|date=21 June 2020|access-date=21 June 2020}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Yuli, gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ci gaba da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na kasa da kasa, tare da isa ga 'yan Morocco kawai ko kuma na kasashen waje da ke zaune a cikin Masarautar. An bukaci fasinjoji masu shigowa su kawo sakamakon gwajin Coronavirus daga kasarsu ta tashi, wanda aka bayar kasa da awanni 48 na lokacin isowar. An ƙyale ƴan ƙasar Moroko da ke zaune a waje ko kuma baƙi da ke zaune a cikin Masarautar su bar ƙasar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onda.ma/Je-suis-Passager/Guide-du-voyageur/News-a%C3%A9roportuaires-COVID-19|title=Morocco allows citizens to enter and exit the country conditionally|work=ONDA|date=9 July 2020|access-date=9 July 2020}}</ref> ==== Yanayin gaggawa na likita ==== Morocco ta ayyana dokar ta-baci a ranar 19 ga Maris, 2020, wanda zai fara aiki a ranar 20 ga Maris, 2020 da karfe 6:00 na yamma agogon gida kuma ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 20 ga Afrilu 2020 tare da yiwuwar tsawaita na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":012">{{Cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/03/296213/covid-19-morocco-declares-public-health-emergency/|title=COVID-19: Morocco Declares State of Emergency|last=News|first=Morocco World|date=2020-03-19|website=Morocco World News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.maptanger.ma/%d8%a5%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1/|title=إعلان حالة الطوارئ الصحية وتقييد الحركة في البلاد|date=2020-03-19|website=MapTanger|language=ar|access-date=2020-03-19|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320090256/http://www.maptanger.ma/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A6-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wannan umarnin yana buƙatar izinin jami'an jihohi don 'yan ƙasa su bar gidajensu, yayin da ke keɓance ma'aikata a manyan kantunan, kantin magani, bankuna, tashoshin mai, asibitocin likita, kamfanonin sadarwa, da mahimman ayyuka masu zaman kansu.<ref name=":012" /> An kafa layin wayar kai tsaye na sa'o'i 24 don "ƙarfafa sadarwa kai tsaye tare da buƙatar yin taka tsantsan don yaƙar tasirin cutar amai da gudawa da kuma kiyaye lafiyar 'yan ƙasa."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/91194/coronavirus-hotline-launched-morocco.html|title=New coronavirus hotline launched in Morocco|last=Yabiladi.com|website=en.yabiladi.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-26}}</ref> A watan Afrilu, 2020, gwamnati ta yi afuwa ga fursunoni 5,654, kuma ta fitar da hanyoyin kare fursunoni daga barkewar COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-morocco-idUSKBN21N06R|title=Morocco to release 5,654 prisoners amid coronavirus outbreak|date=2020-04-05|work=Reuters|access-date=2020-04-05|language=en}}</ref> ==== Asusun Gaggawa ==== A ranar 15 ga Maris, Sarki Mohammed VI ya ba da sanarwar ƙirƙirar asusun gaggawa (wanda aka yi wa lakabi da ''Fonds spécial pour la gestion de la pandémie du Coronavirus (Covid-19)'' ) don haɓaka kayayyakin kiwon lafiya da tallafawa sassan tattalin arzikin da abin ya fi shafa. Asusun yana da adadin dirham biliyan 10 (dala biliyan 1).<ref name="Reuters2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-morocco-idUSKBN212173|title=Morocco to create $1 billion fund to counter coronavirus outbreak|date=2020-03-15|work=Reuters|access-date=2020-03-26|language=en}}</ref> == Afirka ta Tsakiya == === Angola === Daga ranar 20 ga Maris, an rufe dukkan iyakokin Angola na tsawon kwanaki 15.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/89434/read/Angola-closes-borders-for-15-days|title=Angola closes borders for 15 days|last=Oliveira|first=Yokani|newspaper=[[The Namibian]]|date=19 March 2020}}</ref> Shugaba João Lourenço ya haramtawa duk masu isa zuwa filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama tare da dakatar da jiragen ruwa na fasinja zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Angola na tsawon kwanaki 15. Duk waɗannan haramcin za su kasance har zuwa 4 ga Afrilu. An rufe dukkan makarantu a Angola a ranar 24 ga Maris.<ref name="upstreamonline.com2">{{cite web|url=https://www.upstreamonline.com/safety/sonangol-official-one-of-two-covid-19-cases-in-angola-report/2-1-779461|title=Sonangol official one of two Covid-19 cases in Angola – report {{!}} Upstream Online|website=Upstream Online {{!}} Latest oil and gas news|language=en|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref> === Kamaru === ==== Matakan gwamnati ==== A ranar 18 ga Maris, Firayim Ministan Kamaru Joseph Dion Ngute ya rufe iyakokinsa na kasa, sama da na teku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://information.tv5monde.com/video/coronavirus-le-cameroun-ferme-ses-frontieres|title=Coronavirus : le Cameroun ferme ses frontières|date=2020-03-18|website=TV5MONDE|language=fr|access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Maris, Ministan Lafiya ya ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da wani kamfen na gwajin coronavirus a cikin birnin [[Douala]] . Tawagar da suka sadaukar za su bi gida-gida a babban birnin tattalin arzikin daga ranar 2 zuwa 6 ga Afrilu, in ji ministan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20200331-coronavirus-cameroun-le-silence-paul-biya-face-%C3%A0-l%C3%A9pid%C3%A9mie-fait-parler|title=Coronavirus: au Cameroun, le silence de Paul Biya, face à l'épidémie, fait parler|date=2020-03-31|website=RFI|language=fr|access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Afrilu, gwamnati ta dauki karin matakai 7 don dakile yaduwar COVID-19 a Kamaru. Waɗannan matakan sun fara aiki daga ranar Litinin, 13 ga Afrilu, 2020. <ref>{{Cite tweet|title=7 mesures supplémentaires contre la propagation du #Covid19 au #Cameroun Mesure 1 : port du masque obligatoire|date=2020-04-09}}</ref> * Ma'auni 1: Sanya abin rufe fuska a duk wuraren da aka buɗe ga jama'a; * Ma'auni na 2: Samar da magunguna na gida, gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje, mashin kariya da gels na ruwa-giya; * Ma'auni 3: Ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da COVID-19 na musamman a duk manyan yankuna; * Ma'auni 4: Ƙarfafa yaƙin neman zaɓe tare da haɗin gwiwar Cibiyar Pasteur; * Ma'auni na biyar: Ƙarfafa yaƙin neman zaɓe a birane da karkara cikin harsunan hukuma biyu; * Ma'auni na 6: Ci gaba da ayyuka masu mahimmanci ga tattalin arziƙin cikin tsananin bin umarnin 17 Maris 2020; * Ma'auni 7: Takunkumi A ranar 15 ga Afrilu, biyo bayan ikirarin Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Kungiyar Lauyoyin Kamaru, Shugaba [[Paul Biya|Paul Biya ya ba da]] sanarwar sakin wasu fursunoni dangane da COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/928525/politique/coronavirus-au-cameroun-paul-biya-annonce-la-liberation-de-certains-prisonniers/|title=Coronavirus au Cameroun : Paul Biya annonce la libération de certains prisonniers – Jeune Afrique|date=2020-04-16|website=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr-FR|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A ranar Talata 5 ga Mayu, Ministan Lafiya ya ba da sanarwar samar wa ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na rufe fuska 50,000, abin rufe fuska 320,000, masu feshin jakunkuna 220, nau'ikan takalmi 10,000.<ref name="Le Monde.fr2">{{Cite news|date=2020-05-05|title=Au Cameroun, sur la piste du coronavirus dans les quartiers de Douala|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/05/05/au-cameroun-sur-la-piste-du-coronavirus-dans-les-quartiers-de-douala_6038725_3212.html|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> A karshen watan Yuni, gwamnati ta sanar da cewa za a dage gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta 2021 har zuwa shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kindzeka|first=Moki E.|date=1 July 2020|title=Cameroon Plans to Improve Infrastructure as AFCON Is Postponed to 2022|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/cameroon-plans-improve-infrastructure-afcon-postponed-2022|access-date=2020-07-02|website=Voice of America|language=en}}</ref> === Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo === ==== Matakan rigakafin ==== An rufe makarantu, mashaya, gidajen abinci, da wuraren ibada. A ranar 19 ga Maris, Shugaba Félix Tshisekedi ya ba da sanarwar dakatar da tashin jirgin.<ref name="AA 1st death2">{{cite news|title=Democratic Republic of Congo sees 1st coronavirus death|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo-sees-1st-coronavirus-death/1774644|access-date=22 March 2020|work=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Maris, ya sanya dokar ta baci tare da rufe iyakokin.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bonnerot|first=Clément|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200325-dr-congo-president-imposes-state-of-emergency-to-contain-coronavirus-outbreak|title=DR Congo president imposes state of emergency to contain coronavirus outbreak|date=25 March 2020|work=France 24|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> == Afirka ta Yamma == === Ghana === An tabbatar da bullar cutar guda biyu ta farko ta Corona a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2020, lokacin da mutane biyu da suka kamu da cutar suka zo Ghana; daya daga [[Norway]] dayan kuma daga [[Turkiyya]] .<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last1=Duncan|first1=Jude|date=12 March 2020|title=Two cases of coronavirus confirmed in Ghana|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/03/two-cases-of-coronavirus-confirmed-in-ghana/|access-date=16 March 2020|website=Citi Newsroom}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Maris, [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|Shugaba]] [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akufo-Addo ya]] umurci Ministan Kudi, Ken Ofori-Atta, da ya samar da cedi kwatankwacin dalar Amurka miliyan 100<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Panic-hits-social-media-as-Ghana-confirms-first-cases-of-coronavirus-893413|title=Panic 'hits' social media as Ghana confirms first cases of coronavirus|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> don inganta shirye-shiryen rigakafin cutar Coronavirus na Ghana da shirin mayar da martani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Coronavirus-MPs-to-have-temperature-tested-before-entering-chamber-Speaker-892792|title=Coronavirus: MPs to have temperature tested before entering chamber – Speaker|website=[[GhanaWeb]]|date=12 March 2020}}</ref> An kuma kaddamar da Asusun Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na COVID-19 don taimakawa wajen yakar cutar.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}} ==== Bans da Kulle ƙasa ==== A ranar 15 ga Maris, da karfe 10 na dare, [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|Shugaba]] [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akufo-Addo ya]] haramta duk wani tarukan jama'a da suka hada da taro, tarurrukan bita, jana'iza, bukukuwa, tarukan siyasa, ayyukan coci da sauran abubuwan da suka danganci hakan don rage yaduwar COVID-19 a wani taron manema labarai kan jihar. na COVID-19. An kuma rufe makarantun asali, manyan manyan makarantu da jami'o'i, na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu. 'Yan takarar BECE da WASSCE ne kawai aka ba su izinin ci gaba da zama a makaranta a ƙarƙashin ka'idojin nisantar da jama'a.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Nyabor|first1=Jonas|date=15 March 2020|title=Coronavirus: Government bans religious activities, funerals, all other public gatherings|work=Citi Newsroom|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/03/government-bans-church-activities-funerals-all-other-public-gatherings/|access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> Amfani da guga na Veronica ya shahara sosai a Ghana sakamakon barkewar cutar sankarau yayin da 'yan kasar ke ci gaba da wanke hannu akai-akai don dakile yaduwar ta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalcommunitiesgh.org/index.php/telling-our-story/62-saving-lives-with-a-little-soap-and-water-new-behavior-change-communication-package-promotes-healthy-hygiene-practices|title=Saving Lives with a Little Soap and Water: New Behavior Change Communication Package promotes healthy hygiene practices – Global Communities Ghana|website=www.globalcommunitiesgh.org|access-date=2020-03-26|archive-date=2020-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326230109/https://www.globalcommunitiesgh.org/index.php/telling-our-story/62-saving-lives-with-a-little-soap-and-water-new-behavior-change-communication-package-promotes-healthy-hygiene-practices|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/banks-in-suhum-step-up-measures-against-coronavirus-spread/ar-BB11ANUJ|title=Banks in Suhum step up measures against coronavirus spread|website=www.msn.com|access-date=2020-03-27}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Maris, rufe wani bangare na [[Accra]] da [[Kumasi]] ya fara aiki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2020/03/covid-19-accra-kumasi-empty-as-lockdown-takes-effect/|title=Covid-19: Accra, Kumasi empty as lockdown takes effect {{!}} Starr Fm|last1=Acheampong|first1=Kwame|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-02|archive-date=2020-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610202909/https://starrfm.com.gh/2020/03/covid-19-accra-kumasi-empty-as-lockdown-takes-effect/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2020, A wani taron manema labarai, Darakta Janar na Hukumar Lafiya ta Ghana, ya sanar da fara samar da abin rufe fuska a cikin gida a wani bangare na kokarin dakile yaduwar cutar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-starts-local-production-of-nose-masks-to-fight-covid-19.html|title=Ghana starts local production of nose masks to fight COVID-19|website=Graphic Online|language=en|access-date=2020-04-03}}</ref> Dangane da sabon Instrument Instrument, EI 164, wanda Shugaban kasa ya sanya wa hannu a ranar 15 ga Yuni 2020, mutanen da suka ki sanya abin rufe fuska a bainar jama'a na iya fuskantar hukuncin dauri tsakanin shekaru 4-10 ko kuma tarar tsakanin GHS12,000 (kimanin dalar Amurka $2,065). ) da GHS60,000 (kimanin dalar Amurka 10,320) ko duka biyun za a yi. Wannan ya biyo bayan sanya abin rufe fuska na tilas<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-19|title=Failing to wear face mask to attract hefty fine, 10-year jail term|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/failing-to-wear-face-mask-to-attract-hefty-fine-10-year-jail-term/|access-date=2020-06-20|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Martanin gwamnati ==== Daga ranar 3 ga Afrilu, sama da kasuwanni 464 sun kamu da cutar a duk fadin kasar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/northern-north-east-savannah-regions-disinfect-markets.html|title=Northern, North East, Savannah regions disinfect markets|website=Graphic Online|language=en|access-date=2020-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/coronavirus-198-markets-in-eastern-region-disinfected.html|title=Coronavirus: 198 markets in Eastern region disinfected|website=Graphic Online|language=en|access-date=2020-04-04}}</ref> An fara kashi na biyu na fumigation a fadin kasar a watan Yuli.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-20|title=COVID-19: Markets, public places in Kumasi to be disinfected on Tuesday|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/07/covid-19-markets-public-places-in-kumasi-to-be-disinfected-tomorrow/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Satumba, MoE tare da GES sun haɗa kai da Zoomlion don lalata SHS a duk faɗin Ghana don share hanya don sake buɗe makarantu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=3rd phase of national disinfection exercise in SHSs begins|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-3rd-phase-of-national-disinfection-exercise-in-shss-begins-2.html|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ministan Kudi ya yi ikirarin a cikin rahoton nasa cewa gwamnati ta kashe kusan cedi miliyan 54.3 na Ghana don samar da dafaffe da abinci ga marasa galihu yayin kulle-kullen na makonni 3.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-23|title=COVID-19: GH¢54.3 million spent on food for vulnerable during lockdown|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/07/covid-19-gh%c2%a254-3-million-spent-on-food-for-vulnerable-during-lockdown/|access-date=2020-07-24|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kuma yi ikirarin gwamnati za ta samar da wutar lantarki da ruwa kyauta ga sauran 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Govt announces free electricity for the rest of the year|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/govt-announces-free-electricity-for-the-rest-of-the-year.html|access-date=2020-07-24|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Majalisar dokokin Ghana ta ba da izinin rage harajin cedi miliyan 174 na GHS (kwatankwacin dalar Amurka miliyan 30) kan harajin samun kudin shiga na ma'aikatan sahun gaba. Wannan ya ɗauki tsawon watanni uku daga Yuli zuwa Satumba 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Arhinful, Mensah Opoku|first=Ernest, Duke|date=15 August 2020|title=Parliament approves GHS174M tax waiver for frontline health workers|work=Citi Newsroom|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/08/parliament-approves-ghs174m-tax-waiver-for-frontline-health-workers/|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-14|title=Parliament approves GHS174M tax waiver for frontline health workers|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/08/parliament-approves-ghs174m-tax-waiver-for-frontline-health-workers/|access-date=2020-08-15|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, MoH ta karɓi software na COVID-19 AI don gano ƙwayar cuta akan X-ray na ƙirji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-15|title=GHS Gets AI Software to Enhance Covid-19 Detection|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/ghs-gets-ai-software-to-enhance-covid-19-detection/|access-date=2020-10-15|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref> Gwamnati kuma ta sake ƙaddamar da GH COVID-19 tracker app bayan ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 13 ga Afrilu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana's COVID-19 Tracker App upgraded|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/govt-re-launches-covid-19-tracker-app.html|access-date=2020-09-03|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ghana ta fara da gida samar da hanci masks kazalika Medical gowns, shugaban inuwõyi, da kuma likita scrubs . Gwamnati ta bayyana cewa kusan abin rufe fuska miliyan 18.8 ne kasar ta kera tare da masana'antu guda daya na samar da abin rufe fuska miliyan daya a rana.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-20|title=Coronavirus: 18.8 million face masks were produced in Ghana – Deputy Trade Minister|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Coronavirus-18-8-million-face-masks-were-produced-in-Ghana-Deputy-Trade-Minister-1088836|access-date=2020-10-20|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> An gina cibiyoyin jiyya daban-daban a duk faɗin ƙasar kamar [[Cibiyar Cutar Cututtuka ta Ghana|Cibiyar Cututtuka ta Ghana]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-24|title=Bawumia Commissions Ghana's First Infectious Disease Centre|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/bawumia-commissions-ghanas-first-infectious-disease-centre/|access-date=2020-07-25|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref> don taimakawa a cikin Jiyya na COVID-19 na ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-21|title=ICU bed facilities, treatment centre to be constructed in Greater Accra, Ashanti Regions – Nana Addo|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/icu-bed-facilities-treatment-centre-to-be-constructed-in-greater-accra-ashanti-regions-nana-addo/|access-date=2020-06-21|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Government to expand isolation centers|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/coronavirus-government-to-expand-isolation-centers.html|access-date=2020-07-03|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ghana ta zama kasa ta farko yi amfani da drone jirgin sama a yaki da cutar AIDS ta hanyar da kai daga COVID-19 gwajin samfurori da kuma PPEs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/ghana-using-drones-to-transport-covid-19-tests/|title=In Ghana, Drones Are Turning Out to Be a Key Tool for Transporting COVID-19 Tests|website=Global Citizen|language=en|access-date=2020-06-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/20/zipline-begins-drone-delivery-of-covid-19-test-samples-in-ghana.html|title=Zipline begins drone delivery of COVID-19 test samples in Ghana|website=CNBC|language=en|access-date=2020-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2020-04-23/fight-against-coronavirus-ghana-uses-drones-speed-testing?amp|title=In fight against Coronavirus, Ghana uses drones to speed up testing|website=The World|language=en|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref> === Guinea-Bissau === ==== Ƙuntatawa ==== [[File:Guinea’s_frontline_healthcare_workers.jpg|thumb| Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na farko na Guinea-Bissau]] A ranar 27 ga Maris, an ayyana dokar ta-baci don rage yaduwar cutar ta COVID-19 daga gwamnatin Guinea-Bissau . An rufe zirga-zirga ta ruwa da iska da kuma iyakokin kasar. Gwamnati ta kuma aiwatar da ka'idoji da dokoki don hana yaduwar cutar ta COVID-19 a tsakanin al'umma. Waɗannan dokokin sun taƙaita taron jama'a kuma sun ba da damar yin bincike don gano ƙwayar cuta da wuri.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|last=Meribole|first=Joshua|date=2020-08-14|title=COVID-19 in Guinea-Bissau|url=https://www.borgenmagazine.com/covid-19-in-guinea-bissau/|access-date=2020-11-12|website=BORGEN|language=en-US}}</ref> Shugabannin addini da jiga-jigan jama'a ne suka jagoranci rigakafin COVID-19, da kuma ƙungiyoyin ikon gargajiya da ƙungiyoyin jama'a yayin sadarwa da haɗin gwiwar jama'a. An tallafa wa iyalai na Guinea ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a da bayanan rigakafin cutar ta COVID-19 waɗanda aka bayar ta hanyar cibiyoyin sadarwa, ƙungiyoyi da gidajen rediyo mafi mahimmanci, waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen rage shingen zamantakewa da al'adu kamar halaye, bambance-bambancen al'adu, ƙabila da matsayi waɗanda ke shafar samun damar bayanai game da su. COVID-19 a Guinea-Bissau.<ref name=":022">{{Cite journal|last1=Barros|date=2020|pmc=7267172|issn=0893-0465|doi=10.1111/ciso.12262|issue=1|volume=32|journal=City & Society|url=|title=State of "Emergency" for health but State of "Exception" for people: Guinea‐Bissau's paradox in the battle against Covid‐19|first6=Rui|first1=Miguel|last6=Jorge Semedo|first5=Fatumata|last5=Jau|first4=Cadija|last4=Mané|first3=Aliu Soares|last3=Cassamá|first2=Anaxore|last2=Casimiro|pmid=32514226}}</ref> Gwamnatin Guinea-Bissau da [[UNICEF|Asusun Tallafawa]] [[UNICEF|Yara na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] (UNICEF) sun taimaka a kasar Guinea-Bissau wajen dakile annobar. UNICEF da Sakatariyar Harkokin Sadarwar Jama'a sun haɗa matakan rigakafi da dabaru ga jama'ar Bissau-Guinean ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarun da kuma gidan talabijin na kasa don hana yaduwar COVID-19. Hukumar UNICEF (Shirin WASH ) ta samar da tsaftar muhalli a cikin al'ummomi 960 a duk fadin kasar don dakile yaduwar cutar.<ref name=":43">{{Cite web|last=Meribole|first=Joshua|date=2020-08-14|title=COVID-19 in Guinea-Bissau|url=https://www.borgenmagazine.com/covid-19-in-guinea-bissau/|access-date=2020-11-12|website=BORGEN|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Tallafin kudi ==== Guinea-Bissau tana samun tallafi daga kungiyoyi da yawa da suka hada da Global Partnership for Education (GPE), MPTF da GAVI, da kuma gwamnatin Guinea-Bissau wacce ta samar da dala 200,000 ga kasar don taimakawa wajen tsare COVID-19.<ref name=":42"/> Ma'aikatun Kuɗi da Lafiya sun tallafa wa asibitoci da kuɗi a Guinea Bissau a ranar 27 ga Maris 2020. Manufar kasafin kudi ta tallafawa da inganta asibitoci. Likitoci da ma’aikatan jinya sun karɓi fa’idodin albashi na $55,000 kowane wata da dala 50,000 na magani yayin da aka keɓe $100,000 don abinci don ciyar da marasa lafiya da ma’aikatan asibitin.<ref name=":43"/> Wani jami'in hukumar lafiya ta duniya WHO a kasar Guinea-Bissau ya sanar da cewa, kasar [[Cuba]] ta aike da tawagar likitoci da suka hada da likitoci da ma'aikatan jinya don taimakawa wajen yaki da cutar a lokacin barkewar cutar.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tih|first=Felix|date=29 June 2020|title=Cuban medical team in Guinea-Bissau to combat COVID-19|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/cuban-medical-team-in-guinea-bissau-to-combat-covid-19/1893700|access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref> === Mali === Shugaban kasar Mali Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta ya ayyana dokar ta baci tare da kafa dokar hana fita daga karfe 9:00 na dare zuwa karfe 5:00 na yamma.&nbsp;ina<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maliweb.net/nation/coronavirus-au-mali-•4-cas-enregistres-en-deux-jours-•le-president-declare-letat-durgence-sanitaire-et-instaure-le-couvre-feu-2865061.html|title=maliweb.net – Coronavirus au Mali : •4 cas enregistrés en deux jours • Le Président déclare l'état d'urgence sanitaire et instaure le couvre-feu|last=Républicain|first=Le|language=fr-FR|access-date=2020-04-01}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Maris, Shugaba [[Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta|Ibrahim Boubacar Keita ya]] dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama daga kasashen da abin ya shafa, ya rufe makarantu tare da hana manyan tarukan jama'a.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mali suspends flights from COVID-19-hit countries|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/mali-suspends-flights-from-covid-19-hit-countries-/1769908|work=Anadolu Agency|date=18 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> Sai dai kuma zaben da aka shirya a watan Maris-Afrilu, wanda tuni aka dage shi sau da dama saboda rashin tsaro a kasar, ya ci gaba kamar yadda aka tsara.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mali Proceeds With Elections Despite Coronavirus Fears|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2020/03/19/mali-proceeds-with-elections-despite-coronavirus-fears/|work=[[Channels TV]]|date=19 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> === Najeriya === ==== Hana tafiye-tafiye ==== A ranar 18 ga watan Maris ne Najeriya ta sanya dokar hana fita zuwa kasashe 13 masu dauke da cutar, kasashen sun hada da; [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], [[Birtaniya]], [[Koriya ta Kudu]], [[Switzerland]], [[Jamus]], [[Faransa]], [[Italiya]], [[Sin|China]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]], [[Holand|Netherlands]], [[Norway]], [[Japan]] da [[Iran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-fg-places-travel-ban-on-china-italy-us-uk-others|title=UPDATED: FG places travel ban on China, Italy, US, UK, nine others|last=Ogundele|first=Kamarudeen|date=18 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020|publisher=[[The Punch|The Punch Newspaper]]}}</ref> ==== martanin gwamnatin tarayya ==== Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta umurci cibiyoyi da su rufe na tsawon kwanaki 30 a matsayin matakin dakile yaduwar COVID-19. Haka kuma ta haramta taron jama'a. Gwamnatin jihar Legas ta bukaci makarantu da su rufe tare da hana tarukan jama’a sama da 50, musamman tarukan addini.<ref>{{cite news|access-date=19 March 2020|title=Nigerian Government Places Lock-down Measures Against COVID-19|url=https://qz.com/africa/1821361/coronavirus-lagos-nigeria-shuts-schools-ban-public-gatherings|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320132615/https://qz.com/africa/1821361/coronavirus-lagos-nigeria-shuts-schools-ban-public-gatherings/|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|access-date=20 March 2020|title=COVID-19: Federal Government Orders Immediate Shutdown of Schools|url=https://nairametrics.com/2020/03/20/covid-19-fg-orders-immediate-shut-down-of-all-schools|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322205007/https://nairametrics.com/2020/03/20/covid-19-fg-orders-immediate-shut-down-of-all-schools/|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Gwamnatin Najeriya ta sanar a ranar 4 ga Afrilu game da samar da mutane 500&nbsp;Naira biliyan 1.39&nbsp;biliyan) asusun shiga rikicin coronavirus don haɓaka kayan aikin kiwon lafiya. Shugaban Malawi Peter Mutharika ya ba da sanarwar matakai da yawa don tallafawa kanana da matsakaitan 'yan kasuwa da suka hada da karya haraji, rage alawus alawus na mai da kara alawus alawus ga ma'aikatan lafiya. Shugaban kasar ya kuma bayyana cewa shi da majalisar ministocinsa za su rage kashi 10 cikin 100 na albashi.<ref name="Al Jazeera 4 April reports2">{{cite news|last1=Regencia|first1=Ted|last2=Stepansky|first2=Joseph|last3=Uras|first3=Umut|title=Coronavirus cases in US go past 300,000: Live updates|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/recession-coronavirus-crisis-live-updates-200403233012626.html|access-date=5 April 2020|date=4 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405114856/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/recession-coronavirus-crisis-live-updates-200403233012626.html|archive-date=5 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Makarantu da dama a Najeriya sun rufe, biyo bayan umarnin gwamnatin tarayya a Abuja. Wannan ya sa Hukumar Gudanar da daya daga cikin makarantun da ke da yawan jama'a a Najeriya, [[Federal Polytechnic, Nekede|Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri]], ta ayyana hutun gaggawa a matsayin rigakafin cutar ta COVID-19, tare da bayyana cewa hutun gaggawa zai dauki kwanaki 30. Cibiyar ta riga ta kayyade ranakun jarrabawar shekarar karatu ta 2019/2020.<ref>{{cite news|access-date=21 March 2020|title=Federal Polytechnic Nekede Dismissed Students Over COVID-19|url=https://allschool.com.ng/nekede-poly-shuts-down-school|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322010347/https://allschool.com.ng/nekede-poly-shuts-down-school|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Martanin gwamnatin jihar ==== A ranar 9 ga watan Maris ne [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] [[Muhammadu Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari ya]] kafa kwamitin yaki da cutar a kasar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-names-task-force-on-coronavirus|last=Daka|first=FTerhemba|title=Buhari names task force on coronavirus|date=10 March 2020|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317135513/https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-names-task-force-on-coronavirus/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/buhari-sets-up-12-member-task-force-to-control-coronavirus|title=Buhari sets up 12 member Task Force to control Coronavirus|last=Agbakwuru|first=Johnbosco|date=9 March 2020|access-date=11 March 2020|publisher=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard Newspaper]]}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Maris, gwamnatin jihar Adamawa ta ba da sanarwar rufe iyakokin jihohinsu na tsawon kwanaki 14 daga ranar 31 ga Maris, tare da ba da umarnin rufe iyakokin jihar baki daya. Gwamnatin jihar ta kuma sanar da cewa haramcin ya shafi masu tuka keke masu hawa uku, motocin haya da motocin bas a duk fadin jihar. Gwamnatin jihar ta kuma haramta gudanar da ayyukan jin kai tare da bayar da umarnin rufe duk kasuwannin, in ban da kasuwannin abinci, kasuwannin magunguna da gidajen mai, inda ta umurci bankunan da su samar da ayyukan kwarangwal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/fintiri-orders-adamawa-lockdown-over-coronavirus|title=Fintiri orders Adamawa lockdown over coronavirus|last=Shobiye|first=Hamed|date=30 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|publisher=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard Newspaper]]}}</ref> Dokar hana fita a jihar Ogun da ya kamata ta fara daga ranar 30 ga Maris, ta fara aiki ne daga ranar 3 ga watan Afrilu, bayan da gwamnatin jihar ta bukaci gwamnatin tarayya ta ba su damar samar da abinci ga mazauna yankin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-lockdown-of-ogun-now-shifted-to-friday-says-abiodun|title=BREAKING: Lockdown of Ogun now shifted to Friday- Abiodun|last=Olatunji|first=Daud|date=30 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|publisher=[[The Punch|The Punch Newspaper]]}}</ref> == Gabashin Afirka == === Habasha === A ranar 16 ga Maris, 2020, ofishin Firayim Minista ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a dakatar da makarantu, wasannin motsa jiki, da tarukan jama'a na tsawon kwanaki 15.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/covid-19-ethiopia-closes-schools-bans-public-events/1767683|title=COVID-19: Ethiopia closes schools, bans public events|website=aa.com.tr|access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Maris, 2020, [[Ethiopian Airlines|Jirgin saman Habasha ya]] dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama zuwa kasashe 30 da suka kamu da cutar korona<ref name="fanabc.com2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/english/ethiopia-suspends-flights-to-30-countries|title=Ethiopia Suspends Flights To 30 Countries|publisher=fanabc.com|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> kuma a ranar 29 ga Maris 2020, ya tsawaita zuwa kasashe sama da 80.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/english/ethiopian-suspends-flights-to-80-international-destinations|title=Ethiopian Suspends Flights To 80 International Destinations|website=fanabc.com|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|user=flyethiopian|author=Ethiopian Airlines|number=1244266257484038145|date=29 March 2020|title=Announcement from Ethiopian Airlines Group}}</ref> An ba da sanarwar a ranar 20 ga Maris cewa, duk wanda zai shiga kasar ya kamata ya keɓe kansa na tilas na kwanaki 14. Kungiyoyin dare a [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]] su ma za su kasance a rufe har sai an sanar da su.<ref name="fanabc.com2"/> A ranar 23 ga Maris, 2020, Habasha ta rufe dukkan iyakokin kasa kuma ta tura jami'an tsaro don dakatar da zirga-zirgar mutane a kan iyakokin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-23/ethiopia-closes-land-border-deploys-troops-to-combat-virus|title=Ethiopia Closes Land Border, Deploys Troops to Combat Virus|publisher=bloomberg.com|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2020, Majalisar Ministoci ta ayyana dokar ta-baci ta tsawon watanni biyar a matsayin martani ga karuwar adadin masu kamuwa da cutar coronavirus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/english/ethiopia-declares-state-of-emergency-over-covid19|title=Ethiopia Declares State Of Emergency Over COVID19|website=fanabc.com|access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ethiopianmonitor.com/2020/04/08/ethiopia-declares-state-of-emergency-over-coronavirus|title=Ethiopia Declares State of Emergency over coronavirus|website=ethiopianmonitor.com|access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref> Majalisar ta amince da dokar ta baci ne a ranar 10 ga Afrilu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/english/ethiopian-parliament-approves-state-of-emergency|title=Ethiopian Parliament Approves State Of Emergency|publisher=fanabc.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=10 April 2020}}</ref> ==== Gwamnatocin yanki ==== Bayan da aka samu rahoton bullar cutar da dama, yankuna da dama na kasar sun dauki matakan hana yaduwar cutar. Amhara, Oromia, Tigray, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, Benishangul Gumuz, Afar, Somali, Gambela sun sanya dokar hana tafiye-tafiye da kulle-kullen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ezega.com/News/NewsDetails/7865/Ethiopian-Regional-States-Impose-Travel-Ban-to-Halt-Spread-of-COVID-19|title=Ethiopian Regional States Impose Travel Ban to Halt Spread of COVID-19|publisher=ezega.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=30 March 2020}}</ref> ==== Amhara ==== A ranar 25 ga Maris, 2020, gwamnatin yankin Amhara ta umarci ma'aikatan gwamnati da ke cikin haɗarin yin aiki daga gida.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%ab-%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%8d%e1%88%8d-%e1%88%88%e1%8a%ae%e1%88%ae%e1%8a%93-%e1%89%ab%e1%8b%ad%e1%88%a8%e1%88%b5-%e1%89%b0%e1%8c%8b%e1%88%8b%e1%8c%ad-%e1%8b%a8%e1%88%86/|title=የአማራ ክልል ለኮሮና ቫይረስ ተጋላጭ የሆኑ የመንግስት ሰራተኞች ቤታቸው ሆነው ስራቸውን እንዲያከናውኑ ውሳኔ አሳለፈ|website=fanabc.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=25 March 2020|trans-title=The Amhara regional government ordered civil servants that are high-risk of COVID-19 to work from home}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Maris, 2020, an ba da umarnin hana duk motocin jigilar jama'a masu shigowa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/%e1%8b%88%e1%8b%b0-%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%ab-%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%8d%e1%88%8d-%e1%8b%a8%e1%88%95%e1%8b%9d%e1%89%a5-%e1%88%9b%e1%88%98%e1%88%8b%e1%88%88%e1%88%bb-%e1%89%b0%e1%88%bd%e1%8a%a8%e1%88%ad|title=ወደ አማራ ክልል የሕዝብ ማመላለሻ ተሽከርካሪ እንዳይገባ እገዳ ተጣለ|website=fanabc.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=31 March 2020|trans-title=Amhara Regional State bans on all incoming public transport vehicles}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga watan Maris, 2020, an sanar da cewa duk wanda ya dawo daga kasashen waje a cikin makonni uku da suka gabata ya kai rahoto ga ofisoshin lafiya na cikin gida.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%ab-%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%8d%e1%88%8d-%e1%89%a3%e1%88%88%e1%8d%89%e1%89%b5-%e1%88%b6%e1%88%b5%e1%89%b5-%e1%88%b3%e1%88%9d%e1%8a%95%e1%89%b3-%e1%8a%a8%e1%8b%8d%e1%8c%ad|title=የአማራ ክልል ባለፉት ሶስት ሳምንታ ከውጭ ሀገራት ወደ ክልሉ የተመለሱ ዜጎች በየአካባቢያቸው ለሚገኝ የመንግስት የጤና ተቋም ሪፖርት እንዲያደርጉ አሳሰበ|website=fanabc.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=31 March 2020|trans-title=Amhara regional state orders that anyone who returned from abroad in the previous three weeks to report to the local health offices.}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Maris, 2020, an sanya dokar hana fita na [[Baher Dar|tsawon kwanaki 14 a Bahir Dar da wasu garuruwa uku.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%ab-%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%8d%e1%88%8d-%e1%89%a04-%e1%8a%a8%e1%89%b0%e1%88%9e%e1%89%bd-%e1%88%9b%e1%8a%95%e1%8a%9b%e1%8b%8d%e1%88%9d-%e1%8a%a0%e1%8b%ad%e1%8a%90%e1%89%b5|title=በአማራ ክልል ባህርዳርን ጨምሮ በ4 ከተሞች ማንኛውም አይነት የህዝብና የተሽከርካሪ እንቅስቃሴ እንዳይኖር ተወሰነ|website=fanabc.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=31 March 2020|trans-title=Amhara regional state introduced total lockdown in 4 cities including Bahir Dar}}</ref> ==== Oromia ==== A ranar 29 ga watan Maris, 2020, birnin Adama na Oromia inda ya ba da umarnin dakatar da zirga-zirgar jama'a a gaba daya. Umurnin kuma ya zo ne bayan da wasu mutane biyu suka gwada ingancin kwayar cutar a cikin birnin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ezega.com/News/NewsDetails/7864/Adama-City-Freezes-Transportation-Services-over-COVID-19|title=Adama City Freezes Transportation Services over COVID-19|website=ezega.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=30 March 2020}}</ref> Garin Asella da Metu sun kuma dauki matakan hana zirga-zirgar jama'a zuwa ko daga birnin.<ref>{{Facebook|Mettu-Town-Government-Communication-Affairs-Office-1524063014587333|name=Mettu Town Government Communication Affairs Office}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Maris, 2020, an sanya cikakken dokar hana zirga-zirgar jama'a ta ƙetare da birane.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ezega.com/News/NewsDetails/7865/Ethiopian-Regional-States-Impose-Travel-Ban-to-Halt-Spread-of-COVID-19|title=Ethiopian Regional States Impose Travel Ban to Halt Spread of COVID-19|website=ezega.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=30 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 2020, [[Yankin Oromia|jihar ta]] saki fursunoni 13,231.<ref>{{Facebook|fanabroadcasting/photos/a.332889983468414/2915894328501287/|FBC (Fana Broadcasting Corporate S.C.)}}</ref> === Tigray === A ranar 26 ga Maris, 2020, [[Yankin Tigray|yankin Tigray ya]] ayyana dokar ta baci ta tsawon kwanaki 15 a fadin yankin, tare da hana duk wani tafiye-tafiye da ayyukan jama'a a yankin don hana yaduwar cutar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanews.com/2020/03/26/ethiopia-s-coronavirus-rules-crowd-ban-free-transport-regulate-essentials-etc|title=Ethiopia's Tigray region declares coronavirus state of emergency|website=africanews.com|access-date=27 March 2020}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Maris, 2020, an ba da umarnin rufe duk wuraren shakatawa da gidajen abinci. Matakan da aka dauka sun kuma hada da hana masu gidaje korar masu haya ko kara haya. Ana kuma bukatar duk wani matafiya da zai shiga jihar ya kai rahoto ga ofishin lafiya mafi kusa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://addisfortune.news/news-alert/tigray-state-orders-cafes-restaurants-closure/|title=Tigray State Orders Cafes, Restaurants Closure|website=addisfortune.news|access-date=10 April 2020|date=29 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2020, jihar ta saki fursunoni 1,601.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanabc.com/%e1%89%a0%e1%89%b5%e1%8c%8d%e1%88%ab%e1%8b%ad-%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%8d%e1%88%8d-1%e1%88%ba%e1%88%85-601-%e1%8b%a8%e1%88%85%e1%8c%8d-%e1%89%b3%e1%88%ab%e1%88%9a%e1%8b%8e%e1%89%bd-%e1%89%a0%e1%8b%ad%e1%89%85/|title=በትግራይ ክልል 1ሺህ 601 የህግ ታራሚዎች በይቅርታ መለቀቃቸው ተገለፀ|website=fanabc.com|access-date=10 April 2020|date=7 April 2020|trans-title=1,601 prisoners were reported to have been pardoned in Tigray Region}}</ref> === Kenya === Dangane da hauhawar cututtukan coronavirus a Kenya zuwa uku, a ranar 15 ga Maris [[Gwamnatin Kenya|gwamnatin Kenya ta]] rufe dukkan makarantu tare da ba da umarnin cewa duk ma'aikatan gwamnati da masu zaman kansu su yi aiki daga gida, a duk inda zai yiwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/scienceandhealth/Coronavirus-update-Kenya/3073694-5492136-splkgfz/index.html|title=Coronavirus: Kenya confirms 2 more cases|website=The East African|language=en|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> Daga baya an sanya takunkumin tafiye-tafiye don hana waɗanda ba mazauna wurin shiga ba. An bukaci 'yan kasar Kenya da mazauna yankin su ware kansu na tsawon kwanaki goma sha hudu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/kenya-blocks-entry-residents-virus-response-200315154944348.html|title=Kenya blocks entry for non-residents in virus response|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> [[File:Garden_City_Mall_02.jpg|thumb|Lambun City Mall babu kowa a sakamakon hana COVID-19]] A ranar 22 ga Maris, bayan tabbatar da karin wasu kararraki takwas, wanda ya kawo jimillar mutane 16 a fadin kasar, gwamnatin Kenya ta gabatar da karin matakai da umarni don rage yaduwar cutar Coronavirus a kasar. Waɗannan matakan sun haɗa da dakatar da duk zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na ƙasa da ƙasa da tsakar dare ranar 25 ga Maris, ban da jigilar kaya (duk mutanen da ke shiga ƙasar za a tilasta musu keɓe kansu a wata cibiyar gwamnati). Gwamnatin ta kuma bayyana cewa, duk wani mutum, ciki har da manyan jami’an gwamnati, da aka samu ya saba wa matakan keɓe, za a keɓe shi da kuɗaɗen su. Duk sanduna za su kasance a rufe daga ranar 22 ga Maris, tare da ba da izinin gidajen cin abinci su kasance a buɗe don ayyukan ɗaukar kaya kawai. Duk motocin sabis na jama'a kamar [[Matatu|matatus]] da bas bas dole ne su bi ka'idodin nisantar fasinja da aka tsara a baya a ranar 20 ga Maris. Bugu da kari, duk wani taron jama'a a majami'u, masallatai, jana'izar da sauran wurare an hana su fiye da mutane 15, kuma an hana bukukuwan aure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kenya-today.com/news/breaking-8-new-coronavirus-cases-search-for-363-persons-who-had-contact-with-victims-continues|title=8 new Coronavirus cases, search for 363 persons who had contact with victims continues|website=www.kenya-today.com|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> === Dokar hana fita a fadin kasar da martanin 'yan sanda === Dokar hana fita daga karfe 7 na yamma - 5 na safe da aka sanar a ranar 25 ga Maris tana tare da rahotannin [[Zaluntar 'yan sanda|zaluncin 'yan sanda]] .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001366037/sticks-stones-and-broken-bones-in-first-curfew-night|website=www.standardmedia.co.ke|title=Sticks, stones and broken bones in first curfew night|date=28 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> Bayanai na farko da faifan bidiyo a birane da yawa, ciki har da [[Nairobi]] da [[Mombasa]], sun nuna cewa 'yan sanda sun yi amfani da duka da hayaki mai sa hawaye a ranar 27 ga Maris. Wasu asusun sun nuna cewa tsare ya haifar da cunkoson jama'a zuwa kananan yankuna, sabanin manufar dokar hana fita na kara nisantar da jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Daga baya jami'an Kenya da cibiyoyin gwamnati sun yi tir da halin 'yan sanda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001365989/stop-beating-kenyans-during-curfew-leaders-tell-police|website=www.standardmedia.co.ke|title=Stop bludgeoning Kenyans during curfew, leaders tell police|date=28 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> === Martanin tattalin arziki === A ranar 25 ga Maris, [[Shugaban kasar Kenya|Shugaba]] [[Uhuru Kenyatta]], bayan rahoton karin wasu kararraki uku, ya ba da sanarwar kafa dokar hana fita a fadin kasar kan zirga-zirgar da ba ta da izini daga karfe 7 na yamma zuwa 5 na safe daga ranar Juma'a, 27 ga Maris. Gwamnati ta kuma bayyana matakan dakile 'yan Kenya kan matsalolin kudi da ke haifar da takunkumin motsi da ke da alaƙa da rikicin coronavirus.<ref name="k24tv.co.ke2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.k24tv.co.ke/news/tax-relief-crb-listing-suspension-here-are-all-directives-issued-by-pres-kenyatta-to-ensure-you-have-more-money-in-your-pocket-18275/|website=www.k24tv.co.ke|title=Tax relief, CRB-listing suspension: Here are all directives issued by Pres. Kenyatta to ensure you have more money in your pocket|date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801085759/https://www.k24tv.co.ke/news/tax-relief-crb-listing-suspension-here-are-all-directives-issued-by-pres-kenyatta-to-ensure-you-have-more-money-in-your-pocket-18275/|archive-date=1 August 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Madagascar === An aiwatar da kulle-kulle a akalla birane biyu.<ref name="Sumitomo halts2">{{cite news|title=Sumitomo halts mines in Bolivia, Madagascar|url=https://www.mining.com/sumitomo-halts-mines-in-bolivia-madagascar/|access-date=26 March 2020|work=MINING.COM|date=26 March 2020}}</ref> Gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar a ranar 17 ga Maris cewa za a dakatar da duk zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na kasa da kasa na tsawon kwanaki 30 daga 20 ga Maris.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mg2.mofcom.gov.cn/article/chinanews/202003/20200302946118.shtml|title=Madagascar suspend toutes les liaisons aériennes régionales et internationales|date=2020-03-18|website=mofcom.gov.cn|access-date=2020-03-30|language=fr|archive-date=2020-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318071426/http://mg2.mofcom.gov.cn/article/chinanews/202003/20200302946118.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> A yankin tsakiyar kasar tare da Antananarivo, an sanya dokar hana fita daga ranar 6 zuwa 20 ga Yuli sakamakon karuwar sabbin lamura a babban birnin kasar.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madagascar reimposes lockdown in capital as coronavirus cases surge|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/06/africa/madagascar-lockdown-coronavirus-intl/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=7 July 2020|date=6 July 2020}}</ref> [[Babban Bankin Madagascar|Babban bankin kasar Madagascar ya]] zuba daruruwan biliyoyin ariary a cikin tsarin banki don saukaka barnar tattalin arzikin da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19 ya]] haifar.<ref>{{cite news|title=Madagascar's central bank injects cash to support economy due to virus|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-madagascar-economy/madagascars-central-bank-injects-cash-to-support-economy-due-to-virus-idUSL8N2BH6J1|access-date=26 March 2020|work=Reuters|date=24 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 2020,<ref>{{cite web|title=Madagascar : Andry Rajoelina lance son remède contre le coronavirus|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/931620/societe/madagascar-andry-rajoelina-lance-son-remede-contre-le-coronavirus/|publisher=jeuneafrique|language=fr-FR|access-date=7 July 2020|date=21 April 2020}}</ref> Shugaban Madagascar [[Andry Rajoelina]] ya ƙaddamar da "maganin" coronavirus a [[Covid-Organics|hukumance wanda aka yiwa lakabi da Covid-Organics]] . [[Cibiyar Bincike ta Madagascar|Cibiyar Nazarin]] Aiwatarwa ta Madagaska (MIAR) ta haɓaka, an yi shayin ganyen shayi ta hanyar amfani da [[Artemisia (jinin)|artemisia]] da sauran ganyayen da ake samu a cikin gida. An aike da sojoji don raba rukunin Covid-Organic, tare da Kanar Willy Ratovondrainy ya sanar a gidan talabijin na jihar cewa shayin zai "ƙarfafa rigakafi".<ref>{{cite news|title=Madagascar hands out 'miracle' coronavirus cure as it lifts lockdown|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/africa/madagascar-hands-out-miracle-coronavirus-cure-as-it-lifts-lockdown|access-date=7 May 2020|work=[[The Straits Times]]|date=23 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502065651/http://www.straitstimes.com/world/africa/madagascar-hands-out-miracle-coronavirus-cure-as-it-lifts-lockdown|archive-date=2 May 2020}}</ref> Koyaya, [[National Academy of Medicine na Madagascar|Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Madagaska]] (ANAMEM) ta bayyana shakkun ta, yayin da [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) ta yi gargadin cewa babu wata hujja ga duk wani maganin cutar Coronavirus a lokacin ƙaddamar da Covid-Organic. Kungiyar [[Taraiyar Afirka|Tarayyar Afirka]] ta shiga tattaunawa da gwamnatin Malagasy domin a gwada ingancin maganin.<ref name="BBC 22 April2">{{cite news|title=Coronavirus: Caution urged over Madagascar's 'herbal cure'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52374250|access-date=7 May 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|date=22 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430104857/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52374250|archive-date=30 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Coronavirus: What is Madagascar's 'herbal remedy' Covid-Organics?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/coronavirus-madagascar-herbal-remedy-covid-organics-200505131055598.html|access-date=5 May 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=5 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505232624/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/coronavirus-madagascar-herbal-remedy-covid-organics-200505131055598.html|archive-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> == Mauritius == === Rufe cibiyoyin ilimi === A ranar 18 ga Maris, 2020, a cikin sabbin lamuran da aka tabbatar da su a Mauritius, [[Gwamnatin Mauritius|Gwamnatin Mauritius ta ba da]] sanarwar cewa za a rufe dukkan makarantu da jami'o'i har sai an samu sanarwa. An ba da shirye-shiryen ilimi ga duk ɗalibai akan layi da kuma a talabijin ta hanyar Gidan [[Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Mauritius|Watsa Labarai na Mauritius]].<ref name="educa3">{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/covid-19confinement-education-voici-les-details-des-cours-en-ligne-et-la-tele|title=Covid-19/Confinement- Education : voici les détails des cours en ligne et à la télé|date=1 April 2020|work=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="educa22">{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/covid-19-et-confinement-education-des-cours-la-television-et-en-ligne-destines-aux-eleves|title=Covid-19 et confinement – Education : des cours à la télévision et en ligne destinés aux élèves|date=1 April 2020|work=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2020, gwamnati ta amince da rarraba [[Kwamfutar kwamfutar hannu|kwamfutocin kwamfutar hannu guda]] 2,500 ga yaran da ke cikin rajistar tsaro na zamantakewa.<ref name="tablet2">{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/ariane-navarre-marie-ce-projet-de-loi-vient-reprendre-les-droits-acquis-des-travailleurs|title=CAriane Navarre-Marie : " Ce projet de loi vient reprendre les droits acquis des travailleurs "|date=14 May 2020|work=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr}}</ref> == ƙuntatawa na tafiya da shigarwa == A ranar 18 ga Maris, 2020, Firayim Ministan Mauritius ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a hana duk fasinjoji, ciki har da Mauritius da baki, shiga yankin Mauritius na tsawon kwanaki 15 masu zuwa, wanda ya fara da karfe 6:00 GMT (10:10 na safe agogon Mauritius). Fasinjojin da ke son barin Mauritius za a bar su su tashi. Haka kuma za a bar jiragen dakon kaya da jiragen ruwa shiga kasar.<ref name="Fourth2">{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/coronavirus-aucun-passager-ne-sera-autorise-sur-le-territoire-mauricien-partir-de-ce-jeudi|title=Coronavirus : aucun passager ne sera autorisé sur le territoire mauricien à partir de ce jeudi|date=18 March 2020|work=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr|access-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319183917/https://defimedia.info/coronavirus-aucun-passager-ne-sera-autorise-sur-le-territoire-mauricien-partir-de-ce-jeudi|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bani2">{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/trois-cas-positifs-au-covid-19-tout-passager-interdit-dacces-pendant-les-15-prochains-jours|title=Trois cas positifs au Covid-19 : tout passager interdit d'accès pendant les 15 prochains jours|date=19 March 2020|work=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320200136/https://defimedia.info/trois-cas-positifs-au-covid-19-tout-passager-interdit-dacces-pendant-les-15-prochains-jours|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> An ba wa wasu 'yan Mauritius da suka makale a filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama daban-daban na duniya izinin shiga yankin Mauritius a ranar 22 ga Maris 2020. An bukaci su shafe kwanaki 14 a keɓe a wurare daban-daban da gwamnati ta ba su.<ref name="Twelve2">{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/laeroport-de-plaisance-quelque-300-mauriciens-venant-de-londres-et-mumbai-ont-ete-rapatries-indique-girish-appaya|title=L'aéroport de Plaisance : " quelque 300 Mauriciens venant de Londres et Mumbai ont été rapatriés ", indique Girish Appaya|date=22 March 2020|work=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322091256/https://defimedia.info/laeroport-de-plaisance-quelque-300-mauriciens-venant-de-londres-et-mumbai-ont-ete-rapatries-indique-girish-appaya|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Doka == A ranar 19 ga Maris, 2020, an buga sanarwa, oda da ƙa'idodi masu zuwa a cikin Gazette na Gwamnati: :* Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta kasance mai ra'ayin cewa Mauritius ya bayyana yana fuskantar barazanar, ko kamuwa da cutar ta coronavirus kuma an ba da sanarwar cewa sashe na 79 zuwa 83 na Dokar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a zai shafi Mauritius;<ref name="GovGa2">{{Cite news|url=http://pmo.govmu.org/English/Documents/28_Extra_Ord_190320.pdf|title=THE GOVERNMENT GAZETTE OF MAURITIUS No. 28|date=19 March 2020|work=Prime Minister Office|access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> :* An buga Dokokin Keɓewa (cututtukan keɓewa) 2020.<ref name="QUA2">{{Cite news|url=http://pmo.govmu.org/English/Documents/57_The%20Quarantaine%20_Quarantinable%20Diseases.pdf|title=THE QUARANTINE ACT Regulations made by the Minister under section 4(1)(a) and (b) of the Quarantine Act|date=19 March 2020|work=Prime Minister Office|access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> :* Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da oda a karkashin sashe na 79 zuwa 83 na Dokar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a don hana isar da kayayyaki, ban da duk wani jigilar kayayyaki, shiga yankin Mauritius tun daga karfe 10:00 na safe ranar 19 ga Maris 2020 na tsawon kwanaki 15 a karkashin Doka ta 3 na Dokokin Keɓe (cututtukan da za a keɓe) 2020.<ref name="GovGa2" /> :* Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da oda a karkashin tsari na 5 na ka'idojin keɓewa (cututtukan keɓewa) 2020, hana kowane fasinja, ban da ma'aikatan jirgin, shiga ko tashi daga jigilar kaya kamar daga 10:00 na safe ranar 19 ga Maris 2020 na tsawon 15. kwanaki.<ref name="GovGa2" /> : Rigakafin Rigakafin da Rage Cututtuka (Coronavirus) Dokokin 2020 an buga su a cikin Gazette na Gwamnati a ranar 20 ga Maris 2020. Duk mutumin da ya saba wa ka’idojin, idan aka same shi da laifi, zai fuskanci tarar da ba za ta wuce MUR 500 ba, da kuma zaman gidan yari na tsawon watanni shida.<ref name="PMID3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.actogether.mu/media/11430/preven-1.pdf|title=Regulations made by the Minister under section 79 of the Public Health Act|date=20 March 2020|work=Acttogether|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629100307/http://www.actogether.mu/media/11430/preven-1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> An sabunta dokar a ranar 22 ga Maris 2020.<ref name="PMID22">{{Cite news|url=http://pmo.govmu.org/English/Documents/Communiqu%C3%A9%20and%20Reports/67_The%20Prevention%20and%20Mitigation%20of%20Infectious%20Disease%20(Coronavirus)%20(Amd)%20Regulations%202020.pdf|title=Regulations made by the Minister under section 79 of the Public Health Act|date=22 March 2020|work=Prime Minister Office|access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris, 2020, Gwamnatin Mauritius ta ba da umarnin hana fita (Babban Sanarwa No.512 na 2020), da nufin rage yaduwar COVID-19 a Mauritius. Dokar hana fita ta fara aiki kamar ranar 23 ga Maris 2020 da karfe 20:00 na agogon gida. Duk mutumin da ya saba wa dokar hana fita, za a yanke masa hukunci, zai fuskanci tarar da ba za ta wuce MUR 500 ba da kuma zaman gidan yari na tsawon watanni 6.<ref name="CurfewOrder2">{{Cite news|url=http://pmo.govmu.org/English/Documents/Communiqu%C3%A9%20and%20Reports/31_Extra_Ord_220320.pdf|title=Curfew Order made by the Minister under regulation 14(1) of the Prevention and Mitigation of Infectious Disease (Coronavirus) Regulations 2020|work=Prime Minister Office|date=22 March 2020|access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Maris, 2020, an tsawaita dokar hana fita har zuwa 15 ga Afrilu 2020 da karfe 20:00 na agogon gida.<ref name="Govmu.org2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/PM-Sanitary-Curfew-to-be-extended-till-15th-April-2020-.aspx|title=PM: Sanitary Curfew to be extended till 15th April 2020|date=19 March 2020|work=[[Government Portal of Mauritius]]|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-date=1 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401055634/http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/PM-Sanitary-Curfew-to-be-extended-till-15th-April-2020-.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Mayu, 2020, an zartar da dokar COVID-19 (Babban Sharuɗɗa) da Dokar Keɓewa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa. Kudirin COVID-19 (Babban Sharuɗɗa) yana nufin ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi, ceton masana'antu da ayyuka, da ginawa don dawo da karin lokaci. Makasudin kudirin dokar keɓe kansu shine don hana sake bullar cutar ta COVID-19, da kuma haɓaka shirye-shirye da mayar da martani ga ƙasar kan kowace annoba ta gaba. Duk mutumin da ya saba wa dokar keɓe, za a yanke masa hukunci, zai fuskanci tarar da ba za ta wuce MUR 500,000 ba da kuma ɗaurin kurkuku na tsawon shekaru 5.<ref name="qua2">{{Cite web|url=https://defimedia.info/quarantine-bill-amende-allant-jusqua-rs-500000-et-peine-maximale-de-5-ans-de-prison-prevues|title=Quarantine Bill : amende allant jusqu'à Rs 500.000 et peine maximale de 5 ans de prison prévues|website=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|date=10 May 2020|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="16may2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/COVID-19-(Miscellaneous-Provisions)-Bill-andQuarantine-Bill-adopted-at-National-Assembly.aspx|title=COVID-19 (Miscellaneous Provisions) Bill and Quarantine Bill adopted at National Assembly|date=16 May 2020|work=[[Government Portal of Mauritius]]|access-date=6 November 2021|archive-date=20 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620202158/http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/COVID-19-(Miscellaneous-Provisions)-Bill-andQuarantine-Bill-adopted-at-National-Assembly.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="covidbill2">{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/covid-19-bill-decouvrez-le-projet-de-loi|title=Covid-19 Bill : découvrez le projet de loi|website=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|date=10 May 2020|language=fr}}</ref> Wasu 'yan Mauritius sun yi kakkausar suka ga kudurorin biyu.<ref name="critis2">{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/ariane-navarre-marie-ce-projet-de-loi-vient-reprendre-les-droits-acquis-des-travailleurs|title=Ariane Navarre-Marie : " Ce projet de loi vient reprendre les droits acquis des travailleurs "|website=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|date=14 May 2020|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="fgth2">{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/petition-contre-le-covid-19-bill-et-le-quarantine-bill-plus-de-17-000-signatures-en-moins-de-24-heures|title=Pétition contre le Covid-19 Bill et le Quarantine Bill : plus de 17 000 signatures en moins de 24 heures|website=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|date=13 May 2020|language=fr}}</ref> Rigakafin Farfadowa da Ci gaba da Yaɗuwar Cutar Cutar (COVID-19) Dokokin 2020 an buga su a cikin Gazette na Gwamnati a ranar 17 ga Mayu 2020. Kamar yadda dokar ta tanada, duk mutumin da bai sanya abin rufe fuska ba kuma bai mutunta ka'idojin nisantar da jama'a da ta jiki ba, zai aikata laifi kuma idan aka same shi da laifi, za a ci shi tarar da ba za ta wuce rupees 50,000 ba da kuma dauri na tsawon shekaru 2.<ref name="mask2">{{Cite news|url=https://defimedia.info/vous-risquerez-jusqua-deux-ans-de-prison-sans-votre-masque-ou-sans-respect-des-distances|title=Vous risquerez jusqu'à deux ans de prison sans votre masque ou sans respect des distances|date=17 May 2020|work=[[Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Martanin ƙasa game da cutar ta COVID-19 * [[COVID-19 pandemic a Africa|Annobar COVID-19 a Afirka]] * COVID-19 annoba ta ƙasa da ƙasa * SolaWash == Bayanan kula == == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Covid-19]] [[Category:Shafuka masu Fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 34nwcomfesj95dgguzmyqt80cuoouuq 0 27388 968014 915471 2026-10-15T23:03:28Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347064978|A Promising Africa]]" 968014 wikitext text/x-wiki == Tarihi == An sake shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014 a gidan fina-finai na fim a Legas, an nuna jerin shirye-shiryen A Promising Africa a kasashe biyar a cikin shekaru uku.[1][2] A Promising Africa ya sanya Oduwole ƙaramin mai yin fim a duniya don fitar da fim ɗin da ya samar da kansa.[3] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} gwvook9mn68ubrpswwysdsgxcyutyeq 968015 968014 2026-10-15T23:04:30Z Salma Raddah 45959 968015 wikitext text/x-wiki == Tarihi == {{Databox}} An sake shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014 a gidan fina-finai na fim a Legas, an nuna jerin shirye-shiryen A Promising Africa a kasashe biyar a cikin shekaru uku.[1][2] A Promising Africa ya sanya Oduwole ƙaramin mai yin fim a duniya don fitar da fim ɗin da ya samar da kansa.[3] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} po8e4wcz2g53ie3pcfnotf8hh39m9h0 968170 968015 2026-10-16T10:12:55Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Manazarta */ 968170 wikitext text/x-wiki == Tarihi == {{Databox}} An sake shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014 a gidan fina-finai na fim a Legas, an nuna jerin shirye-shiryen A Promising Africa a kasashe biyar a cikin shekaru uku.[1][2] A Promising Africa ya sanya Oduwole ƙaramin mai yin fim a duniya don fitar da fim ɗin da ya samar da kansa.[3] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ny7wfx51vggopwz093klu03wx1llgiw 968171 968170 2026-10-16T10:13:12Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Tarihi */ 968171 wikitext text/x-wiki == Tarihi == {{Databox}} An sake shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014 a gidan fina-finai na fim a Legas, an nuna jerin shirye-shiryen A Promising Africa a kasashe biyar a cikin shekaru uku(3).[1][2] A Promising Africa ya sanya Oduwole ƙaramin mai yin fim a duniya don fitar da fim ɗin da ya samar da kansa.[3] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ort427vyw3042mfmr7ooe9b8p72h0oh 0 27791 968193 967568 2026-10-16T10:26:51Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Lokaci na zamani: Tashin mashahurin kasuwanci */ 968193 wikitext text/x-wiki    Wani ''''''ɗan kasuwa'''''', wanda kuma ake kira dan kasuwa ko '''<nowiki/>'yar kasuwa''', mutum ne wanda ya kafa, ya samar, ko kuma yana da hannun jari a (ciki har da mala'ika mai saka hannun jari) kamfani mai zaman kansa. [dubious - tattauna] Wani dan kasuwa yana gudanar da ayyuka (kasuwanci ko masana'antu) don samar da kwararar kuɗi, tallace-tallace, da kudaden shiga ta hanyar amfani da haɗuwa da mutum, kudi, ilimi, da kuma kayan aiki na zahiri don bunkasa tattalin arziki da ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=businessman |url=http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/businessman.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202202231/http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/businessman.html |archive-date=2 February 2009 |access-date=6 July 2018 |publisher=WebFinance Inc. |quote=businessman[:] A person who is employed by an organization or company. Businessmen are often associated with white collar jobs. In order to avoid sexism or the perpetuation of stereotypes, the term "businessperson" is often used. The term "businesswoman" is less commonly used.}}</ref>  == Tarihi == === Lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya: Hawan ajiyar 'yan kasuwa === 'Yan kasuwa sun fito ne a matsayin zamantakewar al'umma a Italiya ta zamani. Tsakanin alif dubu daya da dari uku (1300) da alif dubu daya da dari biyar (1500), an kirkiro lissafin zamani, lissafin musayar, da iyakantaccen alhakin, kuma ta haka ne, duniya ta ga "masu banki na gaskiya na farko", waɗanda tabbas 'yan [[kasuwa]] ne. [yana buƙatar ambaton don tabbatarwa]  A lokaci guda, Turai ta ga "fitowar 'yan kasuwa masu arziki".Wannan "hawan ajiyar 'yan kasuwa" ya zo ne a matsayin Turai "ta buƙaci matsakaici" a karon farko, kuma waɗannan "burghers" ko "bourgeois" su ne mutanen da suka taka wannan rawar. === Renaissance zuwa Haskakawa: Tashin jari-hujja === [[Turai]] ta zama babbar Ikon [[kasuwanci]] na duniya a karni na 16, kuma yayin da Turawa suka haɓaka sabbin kayan aiki don kasuwanci, sababbin nau'ikan "mutane na kasuwanci" sun fara amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin. A wannan lokacin, Turai ta haɓaka kuma ta yi amfani da Kudin takarda, takardun shaida, da kamfanonin haɗin gwiwa (da hannun jarin su na hannun jari). Ci gaban da aka samu a kimiyyar lissafi da kuma rubuce-rubuce ya haifar da inshora. Tare, da sabon nau'in ɗan kasuwa, mai [[jari-hujja]] ya yi amfani da waɗannan sabbin kayan aiki. Wadannan mutane sun mallaki ko kuma sun ba da kuɗi ga kasuwanci a matsayin masu saka hannun jari, amma ba 'yan kasuwa ba ne. Wadannan masu jari-hujja sun kasance babbar karfi a [[Industrial Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2008 |title=Industrial Revolution Definition: History, Pros, and Cons |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/industrial-revolution.asp#:~:text=The%20industrial%20revolution%20developed%20in,to%20increase%20output%20and%20profitability. |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Investopedia |language=en}}</ref> The [[Oxford english dictionary|Oxford]] English Dictionary ya ba da rahoton farkon amfani da kalmar "masu kasuwanci" a cikin alif dubu daya da dari bakwai da chasa'in da takwas (1798), da kuma "masu kasuwa" a cikin 1803. A shekara ta alif 1860, rubutun "masu kasuwanci" ya fito. Merriam Webster ta ba da rahoton farkon amfani da kalmar "mace mai kasuwanci" a cikin 1827. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of "businesswoman" |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/businesswoman#:~:text=first%20known,above |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Merriam-Webster}}</ref> === Lokaci na zamani: Tashin mashahurin kasuwanci === [[File:Frank-carr-businessperson-common-history.jpg|thumb|Frank Carr c. 1965]] [[File:Hunter_Biden_poses_with_Jonathan_Li,_Joe_Biden,_and_Ming_Xue_in_China,_2013.jpg|thumb|Hunter Biden da [[Joe Biden]] a kasar Sin tare da Shugaba da abokan hulɗa na BHR, 2013 <ref name="Cohen 2024">{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Marshall |date=2024-12-28 |title=Newly released pictures show Joe Biden meeting Hunter Biden's Chinese business partners |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/28/politics/hunter-biden-joe-biden-business-partners-photos |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>]] Sabon nau'in zartarwa na kamfanoni da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin babban dan kasuwa shine manajan. Ɗaya daga cikin masu kafa gaskiya na farko na sana'ar gudanarwa shine Robert Owen daga(1771-1858). Ya kuma kasance Mashahurin dan kasuwanci a Scotland . Ya yi nazarin "matsalar yawan aiki da motsawa", kuma Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), wanda shine mutum na farko da ya yi nazarin aiki tare da dalilin horar da ma'aikatan a fagen gudanarwa don sanya su ingantattun manajoji da za su iya gudanar da kasuwancinsa. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na I]], gudanarwa ya zama sananne saboda misalin Herbert Hoover da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard, wanda ya ba da digiri a cikin gudanar da kasuwanci (management) tare da dalili don haɓaka ingantaccen manajoji don manyan kasuwancin su iya hayar su tare da burin haɓaka yawan aiki na manyan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. == Albashi == Albashi ga 'yan kasuwa ya bambanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Business and Financial Occupations |url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/home.htm |access-date=18 September 2015 |website=www.bls.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Management Occupations |url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/ |access-date=18 October 2015 |website=www.bls.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor |language=en-us}}</ref> Albashi na 'yan kasuwa na iya kaiwa dala Biliyoyin daloli a kowace shekara. Misali, mai mallakar [[Microsoft]], [[Bill Gates]] yana samun dala biliyan 4 a kowace shekara. &nbsp;Babban albashi da 'yan kasuwa ke samu sau da yawa ya kasance tushen zargi daga mutane da yawa waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa ana biyan su da yawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gavett |first=Gretchen |date=23 September 2014 |title=CEOs Get Paid Too Much |url=https://hbr.org/2014/09/ceos-get-paid-too-much-according-to-pretty-much-everyone-in-the-world/ |journal=Harvard Business Review |access-date=18 September 2015}}</ref> == Kasuwanci == Wani dan kasuwa mutum ne wanda ya kafa kasuwanci ko kasuwanci da yawa (masu kasuwanci). Ana iya bayyana Kasuwanci a matsayin halitta ko cire darajar tattalin arziki. Gabaɗaya ana tunanin yana rungumar haɗari fiye da abin da aka saba fuskanta wajen fara kasuwanci. Dalilin sa na iya haɗawa da wasu dabi'u fiye da na tattalin arziki kawai.<ref name="Investopedia 2006">{{Cite web |date=2006-05-01 |title=Entrepreneur: What It Means to Be One and How to Get Started |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/entrepreneur.asp |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Investopedia}}</ref><ref name="Stanford Online 2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-10 |title=What is entrepreneurship? |url=https://online.stanford.edu/what-is-entrepreneurship |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Stanford Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Starting a Business {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/finance/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/starting-business |access-date=5 December 2021 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> A cikin amfani gabaɗaya, saboda bambancin ba a bayyana ba, ana iya amfani da kalmar 'masu kasuwanci' a matsayin (kai-) ingantawa ga 'masu kasuwa', ko kuma yana iya aiki don nuna ainihin sha'awa da haɗari a fagen kasuwanci. Duk da haka, bambancin yana da digiri ɗaya kawai. <ref name="Define Business Terms 2023">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-19 |title=Difference between businessman and entrepreneur |url=https://www.definebusinessterms.com/difference-between-businessman-and-entrepreneur/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Define Business Terms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324053830/https://www.definebusinessterms.com/difference-between-businessman-and-entrepreneur/ |archive-date=2023-03-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="The Gritti Fund 2019">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-21 |title=The Difference Between An Industrialist, Businessman And An Entrepreneur |url=https://thegrittifund.com/entrepreneurship-definition/difference-industrialist-businessman-entrepreneur/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=The Gritti Fund}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Mashahurin kasuwanci * [[Ginin Daji|Kasuwanci]] * Dan kasuwa * Mai watsa labarai * Kamfanin * Mai Albashi * Ma'aikacin fararen ƙira * Mata a cikin kasuwanci ** Ahaha {{Clear}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == d8r2jw9ukglwz9ih3uohs6mxvxtajkl 0 28672 967858 305785 2026-10-15T15:17:43Z Marwan Bello 31239 Added Citation 967858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Oded_Menashe.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Oded_menashe_orna_banay.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Oded menashe tare da Orna banay]] '''Oded Menashe''' (an haife shi 29 [[Satumba]], shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sittin da tara 1969A.c) ɗan wasan Isra'ila ne, Jarumi kuma mai gabatar da shirin talabijin. [[File:Edenharelwithodedmenashe_(cropped).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Edenhare tare da Oded]] == Filmography == * 1992 - ''Inyan Shel Zan'' * 1999 - ''A Duniya Cikin Kwanaki Tamanin'' * 2004 - ''HaPijamot'' * 2005 - ''Ringer ni ne'' * 2007 - ''Zakaran'' * 2008 - ''Tsaro'' * 2011 - ''Sabri Maranan'' Matarsa ita ce 'yar wasan Isra'ila kuma tsohuwar MTV Turai VJ, Eden Harel . Ma’auratan sun yi aure ne a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 2007, kuma suna da ‘ya’ya shida tare. An haifi dansu na farko a ranar 29 ga Janairu, 2008. Suna zaune a Ramat HaSharon . == Manazarta ==   == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb name|0578750}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rayyayun Mutane]] cpnbah1xec0c3qgdltocsg9i0hfpa2q 967859 967858 2026-10-15T15:21:02Z Marwan Bello 31239 /* */ added Citation 967859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Oded_Menashe.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Oded_menashe_orna_banay.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Oded menashe tare da Orna banay]] '''Oded Menashe''' (an haife shi 29 [[Satumba]], shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sittin da tara 1969A.c) ɗan wasan Isra'ila ne, Jarumi kuma mai gabatar da shirin [[talabijin]]. [[File:Edenharelwithodedmenashe_(cropped).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Edenhare tare da Oded]] == Filmography == * 1992 - ''Inyan Shel Zan'' * 1999 - ''A Duniya Cikin Kwanaki Tamanin'' * 2004 - ''HaPijamot'' * 2005 - ''Ringer ni ne'' * 2007 - ''Zakaran'' * 2008 - ''Tsaro'' * 2011 - ''Sabri Maranan'' Matarsa ita ce 'yar wasan Isra'ila kuma tsohuwar MTV Turai VJ, Eden Harel . Ma’auratan sun yi aure ne a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 2007, kuma suna da ‘ya’ya shida tare. An haifi dansu na farko a ranar 29 ga Janairu, 2008. Suna zaune a Ramat HaSharon . == Manazarta ==   == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb name|0578750}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rayyayun Mutane]] 2hyyc81q86k0wkxmw2rezmsviinxjjs 967933 967859 2026-10-15T18:21:15Z Kamaf001 48297 967933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Oded_Menashe.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Oded_menashe_orna_banay.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Oded menashe tare da Orna banay]] '''Oded Menashe''' (an haife shi 29 ga watan [[Satumba]], shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sittin da tara 1969A.c) ɗan wasan Isra'ila ne, Jarumi kuma mai gabatar da shirin [[talabijin]]. [[File:Edenharelwithodedmenashe_(cropped).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Edenhare tare da Oded]] == Filmography == * 1992 - ''Inyan Shel Zan'' * 1999 - ''A Duniya Cikin Kwanaki Tamanin'' * 2004 - ''HaPijamot'' * 2005 - ''Ringer ni ne'' * 2007 - ''Zakaran'' * 2008 - ''Tsaro'' * 2011 - ''Sabri Maranan'' Matarsa ita ce 'yar wasan Isra'ila kuma tsohuwar MTV Turai VJ, Eden Harel . Ma’auratan sun yi aure ne a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 2007, kuma suna da ‘ya’ya shida tare. An haifi dansu na farko a ranar 29 ga Janairu, 2008. Suna zaune a Ramat HaSharon . == Manazarta ==   == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb name|0578750}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rayyayun Mutane]] tqy5guuno1djuciumzundrff9bzfd0m 0 32707 968063 897645 2026-10-16T04:38:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox food|name=Ogi|image=File:Ogi;Pap.jpg|image_alt=Ogi|caption=|alternate_name=Akamu|country=[[Nigeria]], [[Kenya]], [[Cameroon]]|region=[[West Africa]]|type=[[Pap (food)|Pap]] or [[pudding]]|main_ingredient=[[Maize]], [[sorghum]] or [[millet]]|minor_ingredient=[[sugar]]|variations=Uji in Kenya}} [[File:Akamu_(Pap)_(Ogi)_(cropped).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Akamu_(Pap)_(Ogi)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Akamu (Pap) (Ogi), abincin Najeriya da aka yi da masara da aka yi da fermented da garin wake. Ana amfani da shi yawanci azaman karin kumallo ko abincin dare. Ana hada pap din da Sugar ko zuma ko kuma a sha shi kadai.]] '''Ogi''' (ko ''Akamu'') wani haki ne daga Najeriya, wanda aka yi shi da masara, dawa, ko gero.<ref name="FAO">{{cite web|title=Fermented Cereals - A Global Perspective|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/x2184e/x2184e07.htm|publisher=United Nations FAO|accessdate=2006-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-26|title=Process of making Ogi (pap, akamu)|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/04/process-making-ogi-pap-akamu/|access-date=2022-06-01|website=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kenzap|date=2020-07-14|title=AKAMU/OGI (PAP)|url=https://www.diettechafrica.com/akamu-ogi-pap/|access-date=2022-06-01|website=Diet Tech Africa|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609084254/https://www.diettechafrica.com/akamu-ogi-pap/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Oloye Corn Meal - Akamu / Pap / Koko/ogi|url=https://mysasun.com/products/oloye-corn-meal-akamu-pap-koko-ogi|access-date=2022-06-01|website=My Sasun|language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A al'adance, ana jika hatsin a cikin ruwa har tsawon kwanaki uku, kafin a yi jika da niƙa don cire husks. Tace hatsin da aka tace sai a bar shi ya yi taki har tsawon kwanaki uku har sai ya yi tsami. Sai a dafa shi a cikin takarda, ko kuma a dafa shi don yin pudding mai tsami.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ogi (pap)|url=https://divinefoodstore.com/recipe/ogi-pap/|access-date=2022-06-01|website=Divine Foods Store Incorporated|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627013337/https://divinefoodstore.com/recipe/ogi-pap/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ana iya ci da moin moin, akara/carajé ko burodi dangane da zaɓin mutum ɗaya. A Kenya ana san porridge da uji (kada a ruɗe shi da ugali) kuma ana yin shi da gero da dawa. Ana yawan ba da ita don karin kumallo da abincin dare,<ref>{{cite web|title=Lavidalocavora|url=http://www.lavidalocavore.org/diary/5320/wild-fermentation-how-to-make-uji-kenyan-millet-porridge|access-date=2015-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230041245/http://www.lavidalocavore.org/diary/5320/wild-fermentation-how-to-make-uji-kenyan-millet-porridge|archive-date=2014-12-30|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=UJI {{!}} Meaning & Definition for UK English {{!}} Lexico.com|url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/uji|access-date=2022-06-01|website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English|language=en|archive-date=2022-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601135935/https://www.lexico.com/definition/uji|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ekpa|first1=Onu|last2=Palacios-Rojas|first2=Natalia|last3=Kruseman|first3=Gideon|last4=Fogliano|first4=Vincenzo|last5=Linnemann|first5=Anita R.|date=2019-10-03|title=Sub-Saharan African Maize-Based Foods - Processing Practices, Challenges and Opportunities|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2019.1588290|journal=Food Reviews International|volume=35|issue=7|pages=609–639|doi=10.1080/87559129.2019.1588290|s2cid=155197863|issn=8755-9129}}</ref> amma sau da yawa yana da ɗanɗano mai kamar daidaito.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bella online|url=http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art28357.asp|access-date=2022-06-05|archive-date=2023-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131132548/http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art28357.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ana yin fermentation na ogi da ƙwayoyin lactic acid daban-daban ciki har da ''Lactobacillus'' spp da yisti iri-iri ciki har da ''Saccharomyces'' da ''Candida'' spp.<ref name="FAO" /><ref>{{cite journal|title=Characterization of the Beninese traditional ogi, a fermented maize slurry: physicochemical and microbiological aspects|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-food-science-and-technology_1998-06_33_3/page/307|journal=International Journal of Food Science & Technology|volume=33|issue=3|pages=307–315|date=June 1998|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2621.1998.00169.x|last1=Nago|first1=Mathurin Coffi|last2=Hounhouigan|first2=Joseph D.|last3=Akissoe|first3=Noël|last4=Zanou|first4=Elisabeth|last5=Mestres|first5=Christian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Omemu|first1=Adebukunola Mobolaji|last2=Okafor|first2=Uchechukwu Ifeoma|last3=Obadina|first3=Adewale O.|last4=Bankole|first4=Mobolaji O.|last5=Adeyeye|first5=Samuel Ayofemi Olalekan|date=July 2018|title=Microbiological assessment of maize ogi cofermented with pigeon pea|journal=Food Science & Nutrition|language=en|volume=6|issue=5|pages=1238–1253|doi=10.1002/fsn3.651|pmc=6060903|pmid=30065825}}</ref> == Manazarta == k8nppj8cpxf9sjkrzoosyeb8ixoufun 0 32710 968016 905864 2026-10-15T23:05:57Z 90imrana 48124 968016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Filin wasa na tunawa da '''Sardauna, filin wasa''' ne da ake amfani da shi a [[Gusau]], [[Zamfara|Jihar Zamfara]], [[Najeriya]] . A halin yanzu ana amfani da shi mafi yawa don [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] kuma filin wasa ne na [[Zamfara United F.C.|Zamfara United FC]] na gasar Premier ta Najeriya . Filin wasan yana ɗaukar mutane 5,000 filin wasa na cikin unguwar sabon garin Gusau,kusa da masalacin jumu'a na shehk Abubakar mahamut gummi wanda a kafisa da masalacin jumu'a Rabi'a Gusau, a cikin unguwar sabon garin Gusau zamfara state a halin yanzu ana kai sabotage wannan filin wasa dake garin Gusau a jahar Zamfara {{Stub}} == Manazarta == <references /> {{Coord|12|09|51|N|6|40|06|E|region:NG-ZA_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki}} qtx30uowzbu73o2inpgatbtbv71bd59 968018 968016 2026-10-15T23:07:53Z 90imrana 48124 968018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Filin wasa na tunawa da '''Sardauna, filin wasa''' ne da ake amfani da shi a [[Gusau]], [[Zamfara|Jihar Zamfara]], [[Najeriya]] . A halin yanzu ana amfani da shi mafi yawa don [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] kuma filin wasa ne na [[Zamfara United F.C.|Zamfara United FC]] na gasar Premier ta Najeriya . Filin wasan yana ɗaukar mutane 5,000 filin wasa na cikin unguwar sabon garin Gusau,kusa da masalacin jumu'a na shehk Abubakar mahamut gummi wanda a kafisa da masalacin jumu'a Rabi'a Gusau, a cikin unguwar sabon garin Gusau zamfara state a halin yanzu ana kai sabon ta wannan filin wasa dake garin Gusau a jahar Zamfara {{Stub}} == Manazarta == <references /> {{Coord|12|09|51|N|6|40|06|E|region:NG-ZA_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki}} e6c4rz0dh59ip5hg9at4j65wj6luzh4 968019 968018 2026-10-15T23:09:25Z 90imrana 48124 968019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Filin wasa na tunawa da '''Sardauna, filin wasa''' ne da ake amfani da shi a [[Gusau]], [[Zamfara|Jihar Zamfara]], [[Najeriya]] . A halin yanzu ana amfani da shi mafi yawa don [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] kuma filin wasa ne na [[Zamfara United F.C.|Zamfara United FC]] na gasar Premier ta Najeriya . Filin wasan yana ɗaukar mutane 5,000 filin wasa na cikin unguwar sabon garin Gusau,kusa da masalacin jumu'a na shehk Abubakar mahamut gummi wanda a kafisa da masalacin jumu'a Rabi'a Gusau, a cikin unguwar sabon garin Gusau zamfara state a halin yanzu ana kan sabon ta wannan filin wasa dake garin Gusau a jahar Zamfara {{Stub}} == Manazarta == <references /> {{Coord|12|09|51|N|6|40|06|E|region:NG-ZA_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki}} r16wsxp7xzb3fioh5q4u0ecvhedqnla 0 34709 968096 675003 2026-10-16T08:27:33Z Schlosser67 50101 photo removed - shows a place in England, not in Canada 968096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kauyen Parkland''' yanki ne da ba a haɗa shi ba a cikin Alberta, Kanada a cikin gundumar [[Parkland Beach, Alberta|Parkland]]. A baya an gane shi a matsayin wurin da Statistics Kanada ta keɓe a cikin ƙidayar 2001 na Kanada. Yana kan Range Road 272,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.parklandcounty.com/Assets/About+Us/Maps/subdivision+maps/Parkland+Village.pdf | title=Parkland Village | publisher=Parkland County | accessdate=August 24, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115633/http://www.parklandcounty.com/Assets/About+Us/Maps/subdivision+maps/Parkland+Village.pdf | archive-date=August 26, 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Convert|0.8|km|mi}} arewa na Babbar Hanya 16 ( Hanyar Yellowhead ) da Birnin Spruce Grove . == Alkaluma == A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a ta 2021 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, Parkland Village yana da yawan jama'a 1,479 da ke zaune a cikin 674 daga cikin 704 na gidaje masu zaman kansu, canjin yanayi. -23.5% daga yawanta na 2016 na 1,934. Tare da yanki na ƙasa na 0.73 km2 , tana da yawan yawan jama'a 2,026.0/km a cikin 2021. == Ilimi == Kauyen Parkland gida ne ga Makarantar Kauyen Parkland. Sashen Makaranta na Parkland mai lamba 70 ke gudanarwa, makarantar tana ba da koyarwa ga ɗalibai a makarantar kindergarten har zuwa aji huɗu. Yankin kamanta ya hada da Kauyen Parkland, kusa da Acheson da yankunan karkara na gundumar Parkland. Makarantar tana da yawan ɗalibai 182. == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin al'ummomi a Alberta]] * [[Jerin wuraren da aka keɓe a Alberta]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category: Kanada]] ny2sio7zok8mh73xc7sa021rd95c0jt 0 37341 968007 856717 2026-10-15T22:21:09Z Nura Bello 24854 968007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Haaland warm up 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|hoton ɗan kwallo haaland]] '''Erling Braut Haaland''' ( né '''Håland''' ; An haife shi ne a ranar 21, ga watan Yuli a shekara ta 2000). ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon [[Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Norway wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Premier League [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta [[Norway]] . An kuma yi la'akari da ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun 'yan wasa a duniya, an san shi da wasan motsa jiki, gudu da kuma kammalawa. Yazo. A tsarin matasa, Haaland ya taka leda a babban matakin don ajiyar Bryne da manyan kungiyoyin. Ya kuma koma Molde a cikin shekarar 2017, (kuma yana wasa don ƙungiyar ajiyar su), wanda ya shafe shekaru biyu tare da shi. Haaland ya rattaba hannu tare da ƙungiyar Red Bull Salzburg ta Bundesliga a watan Janairun na shekara ta 2019, inda ya lashe kofunan lig biyu da [[Kofin]] [[Ostiriya]] daya. A cikin watan Disamba shekara ta2019, ya koma kulob ɗin Bundesliga na Jamus Borussia [[Dortmund]], inda ya ci DFB-Pokal a 2020-21 . Haaland ya lashe kyaututtuka na mutum da yawa kuma ya karya tarihi daban-daban yayin aikinsa. A lokacin kakar shekarar 2019-20, tare da Salzburg, ya zama matashi na farko da ya ci kwallo a wasanni biyar na gasar zakarun Turai a jere. Ya kasance saman scorer na gasar zakarun [[Turai]] kakar . A cikin shekarar 2020, Haaland ya lashe kyautar Golden Boy, yayin da a cikin shekara yan 021, aka naɗa shi Ɗan wasan Bundesliga na kakar wasa kuma an saka shi cikin FIFA FIFPro World 11, a shekarar 2021. Haaland ya wakilci [[Norway]] a matakan matasa daban-daban. A cikin shekarar 2019, FIFA U-20, gasar cin kofin duniya, ya lashe gasar ta Golden Boot, bayan da ya zira kwallaye tara a raga a wasa daya. Ya yi babban wasansa na farko a duniya a watan Satumbar shekarar 2019. == Rayuwar farko. == An haifi Haaland a ranar 21, ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2000. a [[Leeds]], Ingila, yayin da mahaifinsa Alfie Haaland ke taka leda a [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a gasar Premier a lokacin. A cikin shekarar 2004, yana ɗan shekara uku, ya ƙaura zuwa Bryne, garin mahaifansa a Norway. [[File:Erling Haaland 2023.jpg|thumb|Erling Haaland]] Tare da buga ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami, Haaland yana shiga cikin wasu wasanni daban-daban tun yana ƙarami, gami da ƙwallon hannu, golf, da waƙa da filin . Har ila yau, an ba da rahoton cewa ya samu tarihin duniya a fannin shekarunsa na tsalle-tsalle na tsayin daka lokacin yana da shekaru biyar, tare da yin rikodi na nisan mita 1.63, a shekarar 2006. == Aikin kulob. == === Bryne === Haaland ya fara a makarantar horar da kulob ɗin Bryne na garinsu yana da shekaru biyar. A lokacin kakar shekara ta 2015–16, ya buga wa ƙungiyar ajiyar Bryne wasa kuma ya burge shi, inda ya zira kwallaye goma sha takwas a wasanni goma sha hudu. A watan Mayun shekara 2016, an kori Gaute Larsen a matsayin kocin Bryne kuma kocin matasa Berntsen ya samu matsayi na kocin riko. Bayan ya yi aiki kafada da kafada da Haaland a wasu ƙungiyoyin matasa, kocin na rikon kwarya ya baiwa matashin farkonsa na farko, watanni uku kafin cikarsa shekaru sha shida. <ref name="bundesliga-background1" /> Wasan sa na farko shine wasa na biyu na 1. divisjon da Ranheim a ranar 12, ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2016. Bayan da aka tura shi da farko a matsayin winger, Berntsen ya sanya Haaland a matsayinsa na tsakiya a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba bayan wasu wasanni. Ko da yake ya kasa zira kwallaye a kakar wasansa na Bryne, Haaland ya samu gwaji daga kungiyar ta [[Jamus]] Hoffenheim a shekara ta alif 1899, kafin daga bisani ya koma Molde don taka leda a karkashin [[Ole Gunnar Solkjær|Ole Gunnar Solskjær]] . Haaland ya buga manyan wasanni goma sha shida a Bryne. === Molde. === A ranar 1, ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2017, Molde ta sanar da sanya hannu kan Haaland mai shekaru 16. Ya buga wasansa na farko a kulob ɗin a ranar 26, ga watan Afrilu a gasar Kofin Norwegian da Volda TI, inda ya zira kwallo a wasansa na farko a nasara 3-2. Wasan farko na Haaland a cikin Eliteserien ya zo ne a ranar 4, ga watan Yuni, ana kawo shi azaman minti na 71, a madadin Sarpsborg 08 . Bayan da ya karbi katin gargadi a cikin fiye da minti ɗaya na wasa a filin wasa, Haaland ya ci wa Molde nasara a minti na 77, wanda shi ne kwallonsa ta farko a gasar. Yajin aikin sa na biyu na kakar wasa ya zo ne a ranar 17, ga watan Satumba, yayin da ya ci wa Viking FK nasara a wasan da ci 3-2. Bayan wasan, Haaland ya samu suka daga abokin wasansa Björn Bergmann Sigurɗarson saboda murnar burinsa ga magoya bayan Viking. Haaland ya kammala kakarsa ta farko a Molde da kwallaye hudu a wasanni ashirin. [[File:FC RB Salzburg v. Wolfsberger AC (10. August 2019) 07.jpg|thumb|Erling Haaland]] A ranar 1, ga watan Yuli shekarar 2018, Haaland ya zira kwallaye huɗu a cikin mintuna 21, na farko da Brann, inda ya tabbatar da nasarar ƙungiyar sa da ci 4-0, akan shugabannin gasar da ba a doke su ba a lokacin. Bayan wasan, kocin Molde Ole Gunnar Solskjær ya kwatanta salon wasan Haaland da dan wasan gaban Belgium [[Romelu Lukaku]], kuma ya ce kulob ɗin ya yi watsi da tayin da dama kan dan wasan daga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. A wasan da ya biyo bayan mako guda, Haaland ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a raga tare da zura kwallo a ragar Vålerenga a ci 5-1. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar UEFA a ranar 26 ga Yuli, inda ya mayar da bugun fanareti a wasan da Molde ta samu 3-0, a gasar cin kofin Europa da KF Lacii . Sakamakon raunin idon sawun, Haaland bai shiga cikin wasannin lig na ƙarshe na Molde na kakar wasa uku ba. Domin wasan kwaikwayonsa a cikin 2018, Eliteserien, Haaland ya sami lambar yabo ta Eliteserien Breakthrough of the Year . Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2018, a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallo a ragar Molde, inda ya zura kwallaye goma sha shida a wasanni talatin a duk gasa. === Red Bull Salzburg. === A ranar 19, ga watan Agusta 2018, zakarun Bundesliga na Austrian Red Bull Salzburg ta sanar da cewa Haaland zai koma kungiyar a ranar 1, ga watan Janairu 2019, inda ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar. Dan {{'}} ''Athletic'' Phil Hay daga baya zai bayyana cewa kafin ya koma Salzburg, Haaland shima yana fuskantar tayin daga tsohuwar kungiyar mahaifinsa Leeds United. Ya buga wasansa na farko a kulob din a ranar 17, ga watan Fabrairu, 2018-19, Austrian Cup quarter final da Wiener Neustädter, kuma ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 12, ga Mayu a gasar Bundesliga ta Austrian ta ci LASK 2-1.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}}A ranar 19, ga Yuli, ya ci hat-trick dinsa na farko ga kulob din a gasar cin kofin Austrian 7-1, da SC-ESV Parndorf kuma ya bi wannan tare da hat-trick dinsa na farko a gasar a ranar 10. Wayan Agusta, wanda ya zira kwallaye uku a cikin nasara da ci 5–2, da Wolfsberger AC . Ya samu hat-trick na uku ga Salzburg a ranar 14, ga Satumba a cikin nasara da ci 7–2, a kan TSV Hartberg ; wannan shi ne karo na shida a jere da Haaland ya ci a gasar, tare da jimillar kwallaye goma sha daya a wannan lokacin. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, Haaland ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar zakarun Turai a gasar zakarun Turai da Genk, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a farkon rabin nasarar da suka yi da ci 6–2, ya kuma ci hat-trick dinsa na hudu a Salzburg. [[File:WolvesvManCitySeptember2022 2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Erling Haaland]] A cikin wasanni biyu na gaba na gasar zakarun Turai, Haaland ya ci kwallo a ragar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a Anfield da kuma kara biyu a kan Napoli, ya zama matashi na biyu bayan Karim Benzema a tarihin gasar da ya zura kwallo a kowane wasa uku na farko. Haka kuma kwallayen da ya zura a raga shi ne ya fi zura kwallo a raga a wasanni uku na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. Bayan da aka dawo da bugun fanareti a wasan da Salzburg ta yi da Napoli, Haaland ya zama matashi na farko da ya zura kwallo a wasanni hudu na farko a gasar, kuma dan wasa na hudu ne kawai na kowane zamani da ya cimma wannan nasarar, bayan Zé Carlos, Alessandro Del Piero da Diego Costa . Daga nan ya zira kwallaye ukun a nasarar Salzburg da ci 3–0, a Wolfsberger AC a ranar 10 ga watan Nuwamba, inda ya yi rikodin hat-trick dinsa na biyar a kakar wasa da kuma na biyu a kan Wolfsberg. A ranar 27, ga watan Nuwamba, Haaland ya fito daga benci ya sake zura kwallo a ragar Genk, inda ya hade da Del Piero, Serhii Rebrov, [[Neymar]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] da Robert Lewandowski a matsayin 'yan wasan daya tilo da suka zura kwallaye a wasanni biyar na farko na matakin rukuni na gasar zakarun Turai, kuma ya zama. matashin da ya fara zira kwallo a wasanni biyar a jere a gasar. Sai dai ba zai iya zura kwallo a raga ba a wasan karshe na rukuni na karshe da Salzburg ta yi da Liverpool, saboda kungiyarsa ta yi rashin nasara da ci 2-0, aka fitar da ita daga gasar. Wannan zai tabbatar da zama wasan karshe na Haaland ga kulob din; Ya bar Salzburg yana da kwallaye 29, tare da 28, daga cikin waɗannan sun zo a cikin bayyanuwa 22, kawai da aka yi a lokacin kakar 2019-20 . === Borussia Dortmund === ==== 2019-20: Lokacin halarta na farko. ==== Duk da kasancewar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da Juventus suna zawarcinsa, kulob din Bundesliga na Borussia Dortmund ya tabbatar da siyan Haaland a ranar 29, ga watan shekarar Disamba 2019, kwanaki uku kafin bude kasuwar canja wuri na hunturu, kan farashin da aka ruwaito yana cikin yankin Yuro 20.&nbsp;miliyan, sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu da rabi. Haaland ya fara buga wasansa na farko a Dortmund a FC Augsburg a ranar 18, ga watan Janairu shekarar 2020, ya zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin na biyu kuma ya ci hat-trick a cikin mintuna 23, da ci 5-3. Hakan ya sanya shi zama dan wasa na biyu a tarihin Dortmund bayan Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang da ya ci kwallaye uku a wasansu na farko a Bundesliga. Kwanaki shida bayan haka, Haaland ya sake fitowa daga kan benci, inda ya buga wasansa na biyu na kulob a wasan Dortmund da abokan hamayyar cikin gida 1. FC Koln . Ya zura kwallo bayan mintuna goma sha biyu sannan ya samu kwallo ta biyu bayan mintuna goma, abin da ya taimakawa kungiyarsa ta samu nasara da ci 5-1. Haaland ya zama dan wasan Bundesliga na farko da ya ci kwallaye biyar a wasanni biyu na farko, da kuma dan wasa mafi sauri da ya kai wannan adadi (minti 56, da aka buga). Duk da cewa ya shafe sa'a daya kacal a filin wasa a gasar, ya lashe kyautar gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga na watan Janairu. Haaland ya ci kwallo biyu a karawar da suka yi da Union Berlin a ranar 1, ga watan Fabrairu, inda ya zama dan wasa na farko a tarihi da ya ci kwallaye bakwai a wasanninsu uku na farko na Bundesliga. A ranar 18, ga watan Fabrairu, Haaland ya zira kwallaye biyu a ragar Dortmund a wasan farko da suka yi nasara a kan [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da ci 2-1, a gasar zakarun Turai zagaye na 16 . Wannan ya kawo jimlar matashin dan kasar Norway zuwa kwallaye goma na gasar zakarun Turai don kamfen na shekarar 2019-20, a cikin bayyanarsa ta takwas a gaba daya a gasar, ya kara zuwa takwas da ya ci wa Salzburg a matakin rukuni. Dortmund za ta yi rashin nasara da ci 2-0 a karawar farko a ranar 11, ga Maris, yayin da Haaland ta ga an cire shi daga gasar a karo na biyu a kakar wasa guda. Bayan dawowar Bundesliga a ranar 16, ga Mayu a tsakiyar annobar COVID-19, Haaland ya zura kwallon farko da Dortmund ta ci Schalke 04 4-0 Revierderby, kwallonsa ta goma a gasar Bundesliga. A ranar 20, ga watan Yuni, ya zira kwallaye biyun a wasan da suka doke RB Leipzig da ci 2-0, don tabbatar da matsayi na biyu ga Dortmund, wanda zai kai ga buga gasar zakarun Turai a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Haaland ya kammala kamfen dinsa na shekarar 2019-20, da kwallaye 44, a wasanni 40, da ya buga a duk wasannin da ya buga a Salzburg da Dortmund. ==== Shekarar 2020-21: Gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga kuma wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar zakarun Turai ==== [[File:FC Salzburg versus. KRC Genk (UEFA Championsleague 17. September 2019) 34.jpg|thumb|Erling Haaland]] A ranar 19, ga watan satumba na shekara ta 2020, awasan farko na Dortmund na sabuwar kakar, Haaland ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Borussia Mönchengladbach da ci 3-0. Ya zura kwallo a ragar kungiyarsa a wasansu da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] daci 2-3, Der Klassiker a gasar DFL-Supercup a ranar 30, ga watan Satumba, kuma ya sake jefa kwallo a ragar Bayern lokacin da kungiyoyin suka hadu a gasar a ranar 7, ga watan Nuwamba, inda Dortmund ta yi rashin nasara da ci 2. – 3, sau daya. A ranar 21, ga Nuwamba, Haaland ya zira kwallaye hudu a cikin mintuna 32 na nasara 5–2, a waje da Hertha BSC . Wadannan kwallaye biyar da aka zura a watan Nuwamba sun sa ya lashe kyautar gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga na watan a karo na biyu. Haaland ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a raga a gasar zakarun Turai, inda ya zira kwallaye shida a wasanni hudu na farko na matakin rukuni na 2020-21, tare da zura kwallo a ragar Club Brugge da ci 3-0, a ranar 24, ga watan Nuwamba wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasa mafi sauri da ya yi rikodi goma sha biyar (15). sannan kuma sha shida) kwallayen gasar zakarun Turai; ya kai wannan matakin ne da wasanni goma sha biyu kacal a gasar. Sa’o’i kadan kafin wasan rukuni na biyar na Dortmund da Lazio a ranar 2, ga watan Disamba, kulob din ya sanar da cewa Haaland ya samu rauni a kafarsa, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba har sai bayan sabuwar shekara. Ya koma gefe a wasansu da VfL Wolfsburg a ranar 3, ga Janairu 2021. Ya zura kwallaye biyu a waje da RB Leipzig a ci 3-1, a ranar 9, ga watan Janairu, kuma ya sake samun karin kwallaye biyu a wasan da Dortmund ta sha kashi a hannun Mönchengladbach da ci 2–4, a ranar 22, ga Janairu. A ranar 17, ga watan Fabrairu, Haaland ya zira kwallaye biyu kuma ya sami taimako a wasan da Dortmund ta doke [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] da ci 3-2, a wasan farko na gasar zakarun Turai zagaye na 16 . A fafatawar da Dortmund ta yi da Bayern a filin wasa na Allianz Arena ranar 6, ga watan Maris, Haaland ya zura kwallaye biyu a cikin mintuna goma na farko wanda ya baiwa kungiyarsa damar ci 2-0. Sai dai kuma an sauya shi ne a karo na biyu bayan da ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, yayin da Bayern ta yi yunkurin lashe wasan da ci 4-2. Kwallon da Haaland ta ci ta biyu ita ce ta 100, a cikin babban aikinsa, inda ya kai wannan matsayi a wasanni 146, kacal. Haaland ya sake zura kwallo a ragar Sevilla a wasan na biyu na Dortmund a ranar 9, ga watan Maris, yayin da kungiyarsa ta yi canjaras 2-2, kuma ta tsallake zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai da ci 5-4. Tare da buga wasanni goma sha hudu kacal, hakan ya sanya shi zama dan wasa mafi sauri da kuma matashin dan wasa da ya ci kwallaye ashirin a gasar, kuma ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya ci sau da dama a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai hudu a jere. A wasan daf da na kusa da na karshe da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], ya ba da taimako ga burin Marco Reus a wasan farko, duk da haka, duka matches sun ƙare da ci 2-1. Bayan da aka rasa wasanni biyu saboda rauni mai zurfi, Haaland ya koma cikin farawar Dortmund a ranar 13, ga watan Mayu don shekarar 2021, DFB-Pokal Final ; ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da kungiyarsa ta doke Leipzig da ci 4-1, wanda hakan yasa ya samu nasarar lashe kofinsa na farko a kungiyar. Ya kawo karshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 41, a dukkan gasa, ciki har da 27, a gasar, wanda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga da magoya bayansa suka zaba, kuma ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar zakarun Turai da kwallaye goma. daga baya ana ba da kyautar mafi kyawun ci gaban gasar a kakar wasa ta bana . ==== 2021–22: Raunin rauni da kakar karshe tare da Dortmund. ==== Haaland ya fara kakar 2021-22, tare da hat-trick akan Wehen Wiesbaden a zagayen farko na DFB-Pokal a ranar 7, ga watan Agusta shekarar 2021. Mako guda bayan haka, a ranar wasa daya daga cikin Bundesliga, ya zira kwallaye biyu tare da taimakawa kwallaye biyu yayin da Dortmund ta doke Eintracht Frankfurt 5-2. A cikin watannin farko na kakar wasa ta bana, Haaland ya yi jinyar rauni, inda ya dawo ranar 16, ga watan Oktoba kuma ya zura kwallo a ragar Mainz a ci 3-1. watan Jim kadan bayan haka, Haaland ya samu rauni a kugunsa, wanda ya yi jinyar watanni biyu. Ya dawo ne a ranar 27, ga watan Nuwamba, inda ya ci kwallonsa ta 50, a gasar Bundesliga a wasan da suka doke Wolfsburg da ci 3-1, ya kafa sabon tarihi na wasanni kadan kuma ya zama dan wasa mafi karancin shekaru da ya ci kwallaye 50, a gasar. A ranar 10, ga watan Mayu shekarar 2022, Borussia Dortmund ta ba da sanarwar cewa Haaland zai bar kungiyar a karshen kakar wasa zuwa kulob din Premier na Manchester City. Bayan kwana hudu, ya yi bankwana da kulob din a Westfalenstadion kafin wasan karshe na Dortmund da Hertha BSC . A wasansa na karshe a kungiyar, ya ci wa Dortmund kwallo ta farko a wasan da suka doke Hertha da ci 2-1. === Manchester City. === A ranar 10, ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2022, kulob din Premier na Manchester City ya sanar da cewa sun cimma yarjejeniya don siyan Haaland bayan ya kunna Yuro 60.&nbsp;miliyan (£51.2&nbsp;miliyan) sakin layi. An kulla yarjejeniyar ne a ranar 13, ga watan Yuni, inda City ta sanar da cewa Haaland zai koma kungiyar a ranar 1, ga watan Yuli kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar. [[File:Fanclubs Weihnachtsfeier 2019 09.jpg|thumb|Erling Haaland]] Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar a ranar 30, ga watan Yuli, yana buga dukkan mintuna 90, a cikin rashin nasara da Liverpool da ci 3-1, a gasar FA Community Shield ta 2022 . A ranar 7, ga watan Agusta, ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a nasarar da suka yi a waje da West Ham United da ci 2-0. A ranar 27, ga watan Agusta, Haaland ya ci hat-trick dinsa na farko a gasar Premier a cikin nasara da ci 4-2, a kan Crystal Palace, kuma ya zira kwallaye na biyu, cikakkiyar hat-trick, bayan kwana hudu tare da trible a cikin 6- 0, ya ci Nottingham Forest, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mutum mafi sauri a tarihin gasar Premier ya kai hat-tricks, inda ya doke tarihin da ya gabata da wasanni 14. A ranar 6 ga watan Satumba, ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a kulob din, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Sevilla kuma ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya ci kwallaye 25, a wasanni 20, na gasar zakarun Turai. A ranar 16, ga watan Satumba, an zabe shi gwarzon dan wasan Premier na watan na Agusta, watan sa na farko da ya taka leda a gasar. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa. == === Matasa. === Haaland yana bugawa Norway wasa, kuma ya wakilce su a kungiyoyi daban-daban. A ranar 27, ga watan Maris shekarar 2018, yayin da yake tare da Norway a ƙarƙashin 19, Haaland ya ci hat-trica a kan Scotland a cikin nasara 5-4, yana taimaka wa ƙasarsa ta sami cancantar zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Turai na 2018 UEFA Under-19 . A ranar 22, ga watan Yuli 2018, Haaland ya ci bugun fanariti a kan Italiya a wasan da suka tashi 1-1, yayin wasan karshe na gasar. A ranar 30, ga watan Mayu 2019, Haaland ya zira kwallaye tara a cikin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta Norway 12-0, ta doke Honduras a gasar cin kofin duniya na FIFA U-20 na 2019, a Lublin, Poland. Wannan ita ce nasara mafi girma da Norway ta taba samu a matakin 'yan kasa da shekaru 20, da kuma rashin nasara mafi girma da Honduras ta samu. Haaland ya kuma kafa sabon tarihi a gasar cin kofin duniya na 'yan kasa da shekaru 20, na mafi yawan kwallaye da dan wasa daya ya ci a wasa, inda sakamakon haka shi ne nasara mafi girma da kowace kungiya ta samu a tarihin gasar. Duk da cewa an fitar da 'yan Norway a matakin rukuni, kuma Haaland bai zura kwallo a wasu wasannin ba a gasar, har yanzu ya lashe kyautar takalmin zinare a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. === Babban. === Manajan Lars Lagerbäck ya nada Haaland a cikin manyan tawagar Norway a ranar 28, ga watan Agusta, 2019, don karawa da Malta da Sweden a wasannin neman cancantar shiga gasar Euro 2020 ; ya buga wasansa na farko na babban tawagar kasar a ranar 5, ga watan Satumba 2019, da Malta. A ranar 4, ga watan Satumba shekarar 2020, Haaland ya zira kwallonsa ta farko ta kasa da kasa a Norway a cikin rashin nasara da ci 1-2, da Austria a gasar cin kofin UEFA Nations League B na 2020–21 . Bayan kwana uku, ya zira kwallaye biyu a cikin nasara da ci 5–1, da Ireland ta Arewa . A ranar 11, ga watan Oktoba, Haaland ya ci hat-trick dinsa na farko na kasa da kasa a wasan da Norway ta doke Romania da ci 4-0, a gasar Nations League B, wanda ya kawo yawan kwallayen da ya ci a babbar kungiyar a wasanni shida da ya buga. [[File:Benefizgrillerei (2019) 12.jpg|thumb|Erling Haaland]] A lokacin hutun kasa da kasa na watan Satumba shekarar 2021, Haaland ya zira kwallaye biyar a wasanni uku na neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya, gami da hat-trick na biyu ga Norway a nasarar da suka yi da Gibraltar da ci 5-1. == Salon wasa. == ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, Haaland yana da dukkan halayen ɗan wasan gaba. Yana amfani da firam ɗinsa mai girman gaske don riƙe wasa yadda ya kamata kuma ya haɗa da wasu. Yana da taki da dabarar motsi don gudu a baya; yana iya dribble da halitta; kuma yana iya gamawa da ƙafafu biyu da kansa. Yawancin lokaci yakan zo da zurfi don tattara kwallon don taimakawa kungiyarsa ta buga wasa, sau da yawa yana neman yada kwallon a fili ga abokin wasansa, kafin ya juya da gudu zuwa raga. Wani lokaci yakan zo da zurfi don masu tsaron baya su bi shi, don haka yana da wayar da kan kunna kwallon da ƙirƙirar daga matsayi na gaba. A cikin filin wasan, yana yin ƙananan motsi masu kaifi don tabo wata dama ga abokin wasan don yin ƙoƙari ya same shi a sararin samaniya, kuma zai iya canza layin da yake gudana da sauri zuwa wannan sararin samaniya, yana mai da shi matukar wuya ga masu tsaron gida su karanta. . Yana amfani da jikinsa sosai lokacin wasa da bayansa zuwa raga, yana kare kwallon yadda ya kamata yayin da yake kokarin sarrafa ta. Ganin cewa zai iya amfani da karfinsa wajen samun damar buga kwallo a lokacin da yake fuskantar matsin lamba, yana kuma da tasiri wajen baiwa ‘yan wasan baya na kungiyarsa dan jinkiri bayan an cire shi. Ƙirƙirar Haaland ta fi bayyana lokacin da ya shiga tashar hagu ta ciki. Babban burinsa koyaushe shine ya sami harbi, amma kuma yana da hangen nesa da fasaha don zabar jinkirin gudu daga tsakiyar tsakiya a tsakiya. Ƙarfinsa na ɗaukar ƙwallon a cikin sauri kuma yana taimakawa wajen ƙirƙira ga wasu, musamman ma a kan gaba. Haaland ya yi wa Zlatan Ibrahimović da [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], amma kuma ya ambaci Michu, Jamie Vardy, Sergio Agüero da Robin van Persie a matsayin wahayi, kuma ya yaba Virgil van Dijk da [[Sergio Ramos]] a matsayin biyu daga cikin ’yan wasan baya mafi tsauri da ya taka leda. == Rayuwa ta sirri. == Haaland shine ɗan tsohuwar Nottingham Forest na Norway, Leeds United da mai tsaron bayan Manchester City Alfie Haaland, kuma tsohuwar 'yar wasan heptathlon ta mata Gry Marita Braut. Dan uwansa Jonatan Braut Brunes shima kwararren dan kwallon kafa ne. Brunes ya zama dan wasa mafi karancin shekaru da ya taba bugawa Bryne a wasa da KFUM Oslo a ranar 16 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2016 yana da shekaru 15, watanni 9, kwanaki 9, inda ya doke tarihin da Haaland ya kafa a baya kwanaki hudu da suka gabata. Kaninsa Albert Tjåland shi ma dan wasan kwallon kafa ne, wanda ya yi rajista sama da kwallaye sittin a wasanni kasa da arba'in da ya buga da kungiyar matasan Molde. A cikin watan Fabrairu shekarar 2017, a cikin wata hira da jaridar Norwegian ''Aftenposten'', Haaland ya bayyana cewa "Mafarkin shine lashe gasar Premier tare da Leeds." A ranar 30, ga watan Agusta 2016, bidiyon kiɗan "Kygo Jo" an shigar da shi zuwa [[YouTube]] ta Flow Kingz, ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi Haaland da abokan wasansa U-18, na Norway Erik Botheim da Erik Tobias Sandberg . A shekarar 2020, bidiyon ya zarce 8.2&nbsp;miliyan views da 250, dubu likes. [[File:SV Mattersburg gegen FC RB Salzburg (2. November 2019) 79.jpg|thumb|Erling Haaland]] Haaland ya ce yana jin daɗin bimbini . Bayan ya ci kwallonsa ta biyu a wasan farko na Dortmund a gasar zakarun Turai da Paris Saint-Germain a watan Fabrairun shekarar 2020, ya yi bikin ta hanyar kwaikwayi wani "zen" dangane da ayyukansa na tunani. Duk da haka, Dortmund za ta ci gaba da yin rashin nasara kuma za a fitar da ita bayan wasan na biyu, inda dan wasan PSG Neymar ya kwaikwayi bikin Haaland bayan kwallon da ya ci, kuma yawancin 'yan wasan kulob din Faransa sun shiga cikin yin kwaikwayon "zen" a cikin bikinsu bayan kammalawa. na wasan. An bayar da rahoton cewa an yi hakan ne a matsayin tono ga Haaland saboda wani sako da ake zargin ya yi a dandalin sada zumunta da ya yi kafin wasan, inda ya kira wurin da ya karbi bakuncin Paris "birninsa". Duk da wasu majiyoyin da ke ba da shawarar cewa mukamin Haaland na bogi ne, har yanzu ya ce bikin na PSG bai damu ba, yana mai cewa: "Ina tsammanin sun taimaka mini da yawa don yin bimbini a duniya da kuma nuna wa duniya duka. wannan tunani abu ne mai mahimmanci don haka ina godiya". ==Hotuna.== == Kididdigar sana'a. == === Kungiya. === {{Updated|match played 17 September 2022}} <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> === Ƙasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 17 September 2022}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Fitowa da burin tawagar ƙasa da shekara ! Tawagar kasa ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="4" | Norway | 2019 | 2 | 0 |- | 2020 | 5 | 6 |- | 2021 | 8 | 6 |- | 2022 | 8 | 9 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 23 ! 21 |} {{Updated|match played 24 September 2022}} :''Norway score listed first, score column indicates score after each Haaland goal''<ref name=NFT/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+List of international goals scored by Erling Haaland ! scope="col" |No. ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Venue ! scope="col" |Cap ! scope="col" |Opponent ! scope="col" |Score ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" |Competition ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | align="center" |1 |4 September 2020 |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | align="center" |3 |{{fb|AUT}} | align="center" |1–2 | align="center" |1–2 |2020–21 UEFA Nations League B | align="center" | |- | align="center" |2 | rowspan="2" |7 September 2020 | rowspan="2" |Windsor Park, Belfast, Northern Ireland | rowspan="2" align="center" |4 | rowspan="2" |{{fb|NIR}} | align="center" |2–1 | rowspan="2" align="center" |5–1 | rowspan="2" |2020–21 UEFA Nations League B | rowspan="2" align="center" | |- | align="center" |3 | align="center" |5–1 |- | align="center" |4 | rowspan="3" |11 October 2020 | rowspan="3" |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | rowspan="3" align="center" |6 | rowspan="3" |{{fb|ROU}} | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="3" align="center" |4–0 | rowspan="3" |2020–21 UEFA Nations League B | rowspan="3" align="center" | |- | align="center" |5 | align="center" |3–0 |- | align="center" |6 | align="center" |4–0 |- | align="center" |7 |2 June 2021 |La Rosaleda Stadium, Málaga, Spain | align="center" |11 |{{fb|LUX}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |Friendly | align="center" | |- | align="center" |8 |1 September 2021 |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | align="center" |13 |{{fb|NED}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 |2022 FIFA World Cup qualification | align="center" | |- | align="center" |9 |4 September 2021 |Daugava Stadium, Riga, Latvia | align="center" |14 |{{fb|LVA}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 |2022 FIFA World Cup qualification | align="center" | |- | align="center" |10 | rowspan="3" |7 September 2021 | rowspan="3" |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | rowspan="3" align="center" |15 | rowspan="3" |{{fb|GIB}} | align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="3" align="center" |5–1 | rowspan="3" |2022 FIFA World Cup qualification | rowspan="3" align="center" | |- | align="center" |11 | align="center" |3–0 |- | align="center" |12 | align="center" |5–1 |- | align="center" |13 |25 March 2022 |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | align="center" |16 |{{fb|SVK}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 |Friendly | align="center" | |- | align="center" |14 | rowspan="2" |29 March 2022 | rowspan="2" |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | rowspan="2" align="center" |17 | rowspan="2" |{{fb|ARM}} | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |9–0 | rowspan="2" |Friendly | rowspan="2" align="center" | |- | align="center" |15 | align="center" |5–0 |- | align="center" |16 |2 June 2022 |Red Star Stadium, Belgrade, Serbia | align="center" |18 |{{fb|SRB}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |2022–23 UEFA Nations League B | align="center" | |- | align="center" |17 | rowspan="2" |5 June 2022 | rowspan="2" |Friends Arena, Solna, Sweden | rowspan="2" align="center" |19 | rowspan="2" |{{fb|SWE}} | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2–1 | rowspan="2" |2022–23 UEFA Nations League B | rowspan="2" align="center" | |- | align="center" |18 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |19 | rowspan="2" |12 June 2022 | rowspan="2" |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | rowspan="2" align="center" |21 | rowspan="2" |{{fb|SWE}} | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |3–2 | rowspan="2" |2022–23 UEFA Nations League B | rowspan="2" align="center" | |- | align="center" |20 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |21 |24 September 2022 |Stožice Stadium, Ljubljana, Slovenia | align="center" |22 |{{fb|SVN}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–2 |2022–23 UEFA Nations League B | align="center" | |} == Girmamawa. == '''Red Bull Salzburg''' * Bundesliga ta Austria: 2018-19, 2019-20 * Kofin Austria : 2018-19 <ref name="Soccerway" /> '''Borussia Dortmund''' * DFB-Pokal : 2020-21 '''Norway U17''' * Kofin Syrenka: 2016 '''Mutum.''' * Nasarar Eliteserien na Shekara : 2018. * Gwarzon dan kwallon Austria : 2019. * Dan wasan Bundesliga na Austriya: 2019-20. * FIFA U-20 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya : 2019. * Breakthrough XI : 2019. * Dan wasan Bundesliga na kakar wasa: 2020-21. * Gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga na watan: Janairu 2020, Nuwamba 2020, Afrilu 2021, Agusta 2021 * Gasar Bundesliga na Watan: Janairu 2020, Fabrairu 2020. * Manufar Bundesliga na Watan: Satumba 2021. * Kungiyar Bundesliga ta kakar: 2020-21, 2021-22. * Gwarzon dan wasan Premier na watan : Agusta 2022. * Ƙungiyar ESM na Shekara : 2019-20. * Kungiyar Matasan Duniya ta IFFHS (U20) : 2020. * Golden Boy : 2020. * Gullballen : 2020. * Kyautar Kniksen : 2020. * Gwarzon Wasannin Yaren mutanen Norway : 2020. * Tawagar UEFA Champions League na kakar wasa: 2020-21. * Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Turai na kakar wasa : 2020-21. * Wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a gasar zakarun Turai : 2020-21. * Wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar UEFA Nations League : 2020-21. * FIFA FIFPro Duniya 11 : 2021. == Manazarta. == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje. == * [https://www.mancity.com/players/erling-haaland Bayanan martaba] a gidan yanar gizon Manchester City FC * Erling Haaland </img> * {{UEFA player}} Rikodin gasar </img> {{Manchester City F.C. squad}}{{Navboxes|title=Awards|bg=gold|fg=navy|list1={{FIFA U-20 World Cup awards}} {{UEFA Champions League top scorers}} {{UEFA Club Football Awards}} {{Golden Boy award winners}} {{Gullballen}} {{Austrian Footballer of the Year}} {{2020–21 kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season}} {{2021–22 kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season}}}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 2000]] 1fiap5kwju7d9zp6i48c32071jox7vg 968008 968007 2026-10-15T22:23:20Z Nura Bello 24854 968008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Haaland warm up 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|hoton ɗan kwallo haaland]] '''Erling Braut Haaland''' ( né '''Håland''' ; An haife shi ne a ranar 21, ga watan Yuli a shekara ta 2000). ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon [[Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Norway wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Premier League [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta [[Norway]] . An kuma yi la'akari da ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun 'yan wasa a duniya, an san shi da wasan motsa jiki, gudu da kuma kammalawa. Yazo. A tsarin matasa, Haaland ya taka leda a babban matakin don ajiyar Bryne da manyan kungiyoyin. Ya kuma koma Molde a cikin shekarar 2017, (kuma yana wasa don ƙungiyar ajiyar su), wanda ya shafe shekaru biyu tare da shi. Haaland ya rattaba hannu tare da ƙungiyar Red Bull Salzburg ta Bundesliga a watan Janairun na shekara ta 2019, inda ya lashe kofunan lig biyu da [[Kofin]] [[Ostiriya]] daya. A cikin watan Disamba shekara ta2019, ya koma kulob ɗin Bundesliga na Jamus Borussia [[Dortmund]], inda ya ci DFB-Pokal a 2020-21 . Haaland ya lashe kyaututtuka na mutum da yawa kuma ya karya tarihi daban-daban yayin aikinsa. A lokacin kakar shekarar 2019-20, tare da Salzburg, ya zama matashi na farko da ya ci kwallo a wasanni biyar na gasar zakarun Turai a jere. Ya kasance saman scorer na gasar zakarun [[Turai]] kakar . A cikin shekarar 2020, Haaland ya lashe kyautar Golden Boy, yayin da a cikin shekara yan 021, aka naɗa shi Ɗan wasan Bundesliga na kakar wasa kuma an saka shi cikin FIFA FIFPro World 11, a shekarar 2021. Haaland ya wakilci [[Norway]] a matakan matasa daban-daban. A cikin shekarar 2019, FIFA U-20, gasar cin kofin duniya, ya lashe gasar ta Golden Boot, bayan da ya zira kwallaye tara a raga a wasa daya. Ya yi babban wasansa na farko a duniya a watan Satumbar shekarar 2019. == Rayuwar farko. == An haifi Haaland a ranar 21, ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2000. a [[Leeds]], Ingila, yayin da mahaifinsa Alfie Haaland ke taka leda a [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a gasar Premier a lokacin. A cikin shekarar 2004, yana ɗan shekara uku, ya ƙaura zuwa Bryne, garin mahaifansa a Norway. [[File:Erling Haaland 2023.jpg|thumb|Erling Haaland]] Tare da buga ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami, Haaland yana shiga cikin wasu wasanni daban-daban tun yana ƙarami, gami da ƙwallon hannu, golf, da waƙa da filin . Har ila yau, an ba da rahoton cewa ya samu tarihin duniya a fannin shekarunsa na tsalle-tsalle na tsayin daka lokacin yana da shekaru biyar, tare da yin rikodi na nisan mita 1.63, a shekarar 2006. == Aikin kulob. == === Bryne === Haaland ya fara a makarantar horar da kulob ɗin Bryne na garinsu yana da shekaru biyar. A lokacin kakar shekara ta 2015–16, ya buga wa ƙungiyar ajiyar Bryne wasa kuma ya burge shi, inda ya zira kwallaye goma sha takwas a wasanni goma sha hudu. A watan Mayun shekara 2016, an kori Gaute Larsen a matsayin kocin Bryne kuma kocin matasa Berntsen ya samu matsayi na kocin riko. Bayan ya yi aiki kafada da kafada da Haaland a wasu ƙungiyoyin matasa, kocin na rikon kwarya ya baiwa matashin farkonsa na farko, watanni uku kafin cikarsa shekaru sha shida. <ref name="bundesliga-background1" /> Wasan sa na farko shine wasa na biyu na 1. divisjon da Ranheim a ranar 12, ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2016. Bayan da aka tura shi da farko a matsayin winger, Berntsen ya sanya Haaland a matsayinsa na tsakiya a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba bayan wasu wasanni. Ko da yake ya kasa zira kwallaye a kakar wasansa na Bryne, Haaland ya samu gwaji daga kungiyar ta [[Jamus]] Hoffenheim a shekara ta alif 1899, kafin daga bisani ya koma Molde don taka leda a karkashin [[Ole Gunnar Solkjær|Ole Gunnar Solskjær]] . Haaland ya buga manyan wasanni goma sha shida a Bryne. === Molde. === A ranar 1, ga watan Fabrairu a shekarar 2017, Molde ta sanar da sanya hannu kan Haaland mai shekaru 16. Ya buga wasansa na farko a kulob ɗin a ranar 26, ga watan Afrilu a gasar Kofin Norwegian da Volda TI, inda ya zira kwallo a wasansa na farko a nasara 3-2. Wasan farko na Haaland a cikin Eliteserien ya zo ne a ranar 4, ga watan Yuni, ana kawo shi azaman minti na 71, a madadin Sarpsborg 08 . Bayan da ya karbi katin gargadi a cikin fiye da minti ɗaya na wasa a filin wasa, Haaland ya ci wa Molde nasara a minti na 77, wanda shi ne kwallonsa ta farko a gasar. Yajin aikin sa na biyu na kakar wasa ya zo ne a ranar 17, ga watan Satumba, yayin da ya ci wa Viking FK nasara a wasan da ci 3-2. Bayan wasan, Haaland ya samu suka daga abokin wasansa Björn Bergmann Sigurɗarson saboda murnar burinsa ga magoya bayan Viking. Haaland ya kammala kakarsa ta farko a Molde da kwallaye hudu a wasanni ashirin. [[File:FC RB Salzburg v. Wolfsberger AC (10. August 2019) 07.jpg|thumb|Erling Haaland]] A ranar 1, ga watan Yuli shekarar 2018, Haaland ya zira kwallaye huɗu a cikin mintuna 21, na farko da Brann, inda ya tabbatar da nasarar ƙungiyar sa da ci 4-0, akan shugabannin gasar da ba a doke su ba a lokacin. Bayan wasan, kocin Molde Ole Gunnar Solskjær ya kwatanta salon wasan Haaland da dan wasan gaban Belgium [[Romelu Lukaku]], kuma ya ce kulob ɗin ya yi watsi da tayin da dama kan dan wasan daga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. A wasan da ya biyo bayan mako guda, Haaland ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a raga tare da zura kwallo a ragar Vålerenga a ci 5-1. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar UEFA a ranar 26 ga Yuli, inda ya mayar da bugun fanareti a wasan da Molde ta samu 3-0, a gasar cin kofin Europa da KF Lacii . Sakamakon raunin idon sawun, Haaland bai shiga cikin wasannin lig na ƙarshe na Molde na kakar wasa uku ba. Domin wasan kwaikwayonsa a cikin 2018, Eliteserien, Haaland ya sami lambar yabo ta Eliteserien Breakthrough of the Year . Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2018, a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallo a ragar Molde, inda ya zura kwallaye goma sha shida a wasanni talatin a duk gasa. === Red Bull Salzburg. === A ranar 19, ga watan Agusta 2018, zakarun Bundesliga na Austrian Red Bull Salzburg ta sanar da cewa Haaland zai koma kungiyar a ranar 1, ga watan Janairu 2019, inda ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar. Dan {{'}} ''Athletic'' Phil Hay daga baya zai bayyana cewa kafin ya koma Salzburg, Haaland shima yana fuskantar tayin daga tsohuwar kungiyar mahaifinsa Leeds United. Ya buga wasansa na farko a kulob din a ranar 17, ga watan Fabrairu, 2018-19, Austrian Cup quarter final da Wiener Neustädter, kuma ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 12, ga Mayu a gasar Bundesliga ta Austrian ta ci LASK 2-1.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}}A ranar 19, ga Yuli, ya ci hat-trick dinsa na farko ga kulob din a gasar cin kofin Austrian 7-1, da SC-ESV Parndorf kuma ya bi wannan tare da hat-trick dinsa na farko a gasar a ranar 10. Wayan Agusta, wanda ya zira kwallaye uku a cikin nasara da ci 5–2, da Wolfsberger AC . Ya samu hat-trick na uku ga Salzburg a ranar 14, ga Satumba a cikin nasara da ci 7–2, a kan TSV Hartberg ; wannan shi ne karo na shida a jere da Haaland ya ci a gasar, tare da jimillar kwallaye goma sha daya a wannan lokacin. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, Haaland ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar zakarun Turai a gasar zakarun Turai da Genk, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a farkon rabin nasarar da suka yi da ci 6–2, ya kuma ci hat-trick dinsa na hudu a Salzburg. [[File:WolvesvManCitySeptember2022 2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Erling Haaland]] A cikin wasanni biyu na gaba na gasar zakarun Turai, Haaland ya ci kwallo a ragar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a Anfield da kuma kara biyu a kan Napoli, ya zama matashi na biyu bayan Karim Benzema a tarihin gasar da ya zura kwallo a kowane wasa uku na farko. Haka kuma kwallayen da ya zura a raga shi ne ya fi zura kwallo a raga a wasanni uku na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. Bayan da aka dawo da bugun fanareti a wasan da Salzburg ta yi da Napoli, Haaland ya zama matashi na farko da ya zura kwallo a wasanni hudu na farko a gasar, kuma dan wasa na hudu ne kawai na kowane zamani da ya cimma wannan nasarar, bayan Zé Carlos, Alessandro Del Piero da Diego Costa . Daga nan ya zira kwallaye ukun a nasarar Salzburg da ci 3–0, a Wolfsberger AC a ranar 10 ga watan Nuwamba, inda ya yi rikodin hat-trick dinsa na biyar a kakar wasa da kuma na biyu a kan Wolfsberg. A ranar 27, ga watan Nuwamba, Haaland ya fito daga benci ya sake zura kwallo a ragar Genk, inda ya hade da Del Piero, Serhii Rebrov, [[Neymar]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] da Robert Lewandowski a matsayin 'yan wasan daya tilo da suka zura kwallaye a wasanni biyar na farko na matakin rukuni na gasar zakarun Turai, kuma ya zama. matashin da ya fara zira kwallo a wasanni biyar a jere a gasar. Sai dai ba zai iya zura kwallo a raga ba a wasan karshe na rukuni na karshe da Salzburg ta yi da Liverpool, saboda kungiyarsa ta yi rashin nasara da ci 2-0, aka fitar da ita daga gasar. Wannan zai tabbatar da zama wasan karshe na Haaland ga kulob din; Ya bar Salzburg yana da kwallaye 29, tare da 28, daga cikin waɗannan sun zo a cikin bayyanuwa 22, kawai da aka yi a lokacin kakar 2019-20 . === Borussia Dortmund === ==== 2019-20: Lokacin halarta na farko. ==== Duk da kasancewar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da Juventus suna zawarcinsa, kulob din Bundesliga na Borussia Dortmund ya tabbatar da siyan Haaland a ranar 29, ga watan shekarar Disamba 2019, kwanaki uku kafin bude kasuwar canja wuri na hunturu, kan farashin da aka ruwaito yana cikin yankin Yuro 20.&nbsp;miliyan, sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu da rabi. Haaland ya fara buga wasansa na farko a Dortmund a FC Augsburg a ranar 18, ga watan Janairu shekarar 2020, ya zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin na biyu kuma ya ci hat-trick a cikin mintuna 23, da ci 5-3. Hakan ya sanya shi zama dan wasa na biyu a tarihin Dortmund bayan Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang da ya ci kwallaye uku a wasansu na farko a Bundesliga. Kwanaki shida bayan haka, Haaland ya sake fitowa daga kan benci, inda ya buga wasansa na biyu na kulob a wasan Dortmund da abokan hamayyar cikin gida 1. FC Koln . Ya zura kwallo bayan mintuna goma sha biyu sannan ya samu kwallo ta biyu bayan mintuna goma, abin da ya taimakawa kungiyarsa ta samu nasara da ci 5-1. Haaland ya zama dan wasan Bundesliga na farko da ya ci kwallaye biyar a wasanni biyu na farko, da kuma dan wasa mafi sauri da ya kai wannan adadi (minti 56, da aka buga). Duk da cewa ya shafe sa'a daya kacal a filin wasa a gasar, ya lashe kyautar gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga na watan Janairu. Haaland ya ci kwallo biyu a karawar da suka yi da Union Berlin a ranar 1, ga watan Fabrairu, inda ya zama dan wasa na farko a tarihi da ya ci kwallaye bakwai a wasanninsu uku na farko na Bundesliga. A ranar 18, ga watan Fabrairu, Haaland ya zira kwallaye biyu a ragar Dortmund a wasan farko da suka yi nasara a kan [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da ci 2-1, a gasar zakarun Turai zagaye na 16 . Wannan ya kawo jimlar matashin dan kasar Norway zuwa kwallaye goma na gasar zakarun Turai don kamfen na shekarar 2019-20, a cikin bayyanarsa ta takwas a gaba daya a gasar, ya kara zuwa takwas da ya ci wa Salzburg a matakin rukuni. Dortmund za ta yi rashin nasara da ci 2-0 a karawar farko a ranar 11, ga Maris, yayin da Haaland ta ga an cire shi daga gasar a karo na biyu a kakar wasa guda. Bayan dawowar Bundesliga a ranar 16, ga Mayu a tsakiyar annobar COVID-19, Haaland ya zura kwallon farko da Dortmund ta ci Schalke 04 4-0 Revierderby, kwallonsa ta goma a gasar Bundesliga. A ranar 20, ga watan Yuni, ya zira kwallaye biyun a wasan da suka doke RB Leipzig da ci 2-0, don tabbatar da matsayi na biyu ga Dortmund, wanda zai kai ga buga gasar zakarun Turai a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Haaland ya kammala kamfen dinsa na shekarar 2019-20, da kwallaye 44, a wasanni 40, da ya buga a duk wasannin da ya buga a Salzburg da Dortmund. ==== Shekarar 2020-21: Gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga kuma wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar zakarun Turai ==== [[File:FC Salzburg versus. KRC Genk (UEFA Championsleague 17. September 2019) 34.jpg|thumb|Erling Haaland]] A ranar 19, ga watan satumba na shekara ta 2020, awasan farko na Dortmund na sabuwar kakar, Haaland ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Borussia Mönchengladbach da ci 3-0. Ya zura kwallo a ragar kungiyarsa a wasansu da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] daci 2-3, Der Klassiker a gasar DFL-Supercup a ranar 30, ga watan Satumba, kuma ya sake jefa kwallo a ragar Bayern lokacin da kungiyoyin suka hadu a gasar a ranar 7, ga watan Nuwamba, inda Dortmund ta yi rashin nasara da ci 2. – 3, sau daya. A ranar 21, ga Nuwamba, Haaland ya zira kwallaye hudu a cikin mintuna 32 na nasara 5–2, a waje da Hertha BSC . Wadannan kwallaye biyar da aka zura a watan Nuwamba sun sa ya lashe kyautar gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga na watan a karo na biyu. Haaland ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a raga a gasar zakarun Turai, inda ya zira kwallaye shida a wasanni hudu na farko na matakin rukuni na 2020-21, tare da zura kwallo a ragar Club Brugge da ci 3-0, a ranar 24, ga watan Nuwamba wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasa mafi sauri da ya yi rikodi goma sha biyar (15). sannan kuma sha shida) kwallayen gasar zakarun Turai; ya kai wannan matakin ne da wasanni goma sha biyu kacal a gasar. Sa’o’i kadan kafin wasan rukuni na biyar na Dortmund da Lazio a ranar 2, ga watan Disamba, kulob din ya sanar da cewa Haaland ya samu rauni a kafarsa, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba har sai bayan sabuwar shekara. Ya koma gefe a wasansu da VfL Wolfsburg a ranar 3, ga Janairu 2021. Ya zura kwallaye biyu a waje da RB Leipzig a ci 3-1, a ranar 9, ga watan Janairu, kuma ya sake samun karin kwallaye biyu a wasan da Dortmund ta sha kashi a hannun Mönchengladbach da ci 2–4, a ranar 22, ga Janairu. A ranar 17, ga watan Fabrairu, Haaland ya zira kwallaye biyu kuma ya sami taimako a wasan da Dortmund ta doke [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] da ci 3-2, a wasan farko na gasar zakarun Turai zagaye na 16 . A fafatawar da Dortmund ta yi da Bayern a filin wasa na Allianz Arena ranar 6, ga watan Maris, Haaland ya zura kwallaye biyu a cikin mintuna goma na farko wanda ya baiwa kungiyarsa damar ci 2-0. Sai dai kuma an sauya shi ne a karo na biyu bayan da ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, yayin da Bayern ta yi yunkurin lashe wasan da ci 4-2. Kwallon da Haaland ta ci ta biyu ita ce ta 100, a cikin babban aikinsa, inda ya kai wannan matsayi a wasanni 146, kacal. Haaland ya sake zura kwallo a ragar Sevilla a wasan na biyu na Dortmund a ranar 9, ga watan Maris, yayin da kungiyarsa ta yi canjaras 2-2, kuma ta tsallake zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai da ci 5-4. Tare da buga wasanni goma sha hudu kacal, hakan ya sanya shi zama dan wasa mafi sauri da kuma matashin dan wasa da ya ci kwallaye ashirin a gasar, kuma ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya ci sau da dama a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai hudu a jere. A wasan daf da na kusa da na karshe da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], ya ba da taimako ga burin Marco Reus a wasan farko, duk da haka, duka matches sun ƙare da ci 2-1. Bayan da aka rasa wasanni biyu saboda rauni mai zurfi, Haaland ya koma cikin farawar Dortmund a ranar 13, ga watan Mayu don shekarar 2021, DFB-Pokal Final ; ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da kungiyarsa ta doke Leipzig da ci 4-1, wanda hakan yasa ya samu nasarar lashe kofinsa na farko a kungiyar. Ya kawo karshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 41, a dukkan gasa, ciki har da 27, a gasar, wanda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga da magoya bayansa suka zaba, kuma ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar zakarun Turai da kwallaye goma. daga baya ana ba da kyautar mafi kyawun ci gaban gasar a kakar wasa ta bana . ==== 2021–22: Raunin rauni da kakar karshe tare da Dortmund. ==== Haaland ya fara kakar 2021-22, tare da hat-trick akan Wehen Wiesbaden a zagayen farko na DFB-Pokal a ranar 7, ga watan Agusta shekarar 2021. Mako guda bayan haka, a ranar wasa daya daga cikin Bundesliga, ya zira kwallaye biyu tare da taimakawa kwallaye biyu yayin da Dortmund ta doke Eintracht Frankfurt 5-2. A cikin watannin farko na kakar wasa ta bana, Haaland ya yi jinyar rauni, inda ya dawo ranar 16, ga watan Oktoba kuma ya zura kwallo a ragar Mainz a ci 3-1. watan Jim kadan bayan haka, Haaland ya samu rauni a kugunsa, wanda ya yi jinyar watanni biyu. Ya dawo ne a ranar 27, ga watan Nuwamba, inda ya ci kwallonsa ta 50, a gasar Bundesliga a wasan da suka doke Wolfsburg da ci 3-1, ya kafa sabon tarihi na wasanni kadan kuma ya zama dan wasa mafi karancin shekaru da ya ci kwallaye 50, a gasar. A ranar 10, ga watan Mayu shekarar 2022, Borussia Dortmund ta ba da sanarwar cewa Haaland zai bar kungiyar a karshen kakar wasa zuwa kulob din Premier na Manchester City. Bayan kwana hudu, ya yi bankwana da kulob din a Westfalenstadion kafin wasan karshe na Dortmund da Hertha BSC . A wasansa na karshe a kungiyar, ya ci wa Dortmund kwallo ta farko a wasan da suka doke Hertha da ci 2-1. === Manchester City. === A ranar 10, ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2022, kulob din Premier na Manchester City ya sanar da cewa sun cimma yarjejeniya don siyan Haaland bayan ya kunna Yuro 60.&nbsp;miliyan (£51.2&nbsp;miliyan) sakin layi. An kulla yarjejeniyar ne a ranar 13, ga watan Yuni, inda City ta sanar da cewa Haaland zai koma kungiyar a ranar 1, ga watan Yuli kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar. [[File:Fanclubs Weihnachtsfeier 2019 09.jpg|thumb|Erling Haaland]] Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar a ranar 30, ga watan Yuli, yana buga dukkan mintuna 90, a cikin rashin nasara da Liverpool da ci 3-1, a gasar FA Community Shield ta 2022 . A ranar 7, ga watan Agusta, ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a nasarar da suka yi a waje da West Ham United da ci 2-0. A ranar 27, ga watan Agusta, Haaland ya ci hat-trick dinsa na farko a gasar Premier a cikin nasara da ci 4-2, a kan Crystal Palace, kuma ya zira kwallaye na biyu, cikakkiyar hat-trick, bayan kwana hudu tare da trible a cikin 6- 0, ya ci Nottingham Forest, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mutum mafi sauri a tarihin gasar Premier ya kai hat-tricks, inda ya doke tarihin da ya gabata da wasanni 14. A ranar 6 ga watan Satumba, ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a kulob din, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Sevilla kuma ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya ci kwallaye 25, a wasanni 20, na gasar zakarun Turai. A ranar 16, ga watan Satumba, an zabe shi gwarzon dan wasan Premier na watan na Agusta, watan sa na farko da ya taka leda a gasar. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa. == === Matasa. === Haaland yana bugawa Norway wasa, kuma ya wakilce su a kungiyoyi daban-daban. A ranar 27, ga watan Maris shekarar 2018, yayin da yake tare da Norway a ƙarƙashin 19, Haaland ya ci hat-trica a kan Scotland a cikin nasara 5-4, yana taimaka wa ƙasarsa ta sami cancantar zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Turai na 2018 UEFA Under-19 . A ranar 22, ga watan Yuli 2018, Haaland ya ci bugun fanariti a kan Italiya a wasan da suka tashi 1-1, yayin wasan karshe na gasar. A ranar 30, ga watan Mayu 2019, Haaland ya zira kwallaye tara a cikin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta Norway 12-0, ta doke Honduras a gasar cin kofin duniya na FIFA U-20 na 2019, a Lublin, Poland. Wannan ita ce nasara mafi girma da Norway ta taba samu a matakin 'yan kasa da shekaru 20, da kuma rashin nasara mafi girma da Honduras ta samu. Haaland ya kuma kafa sabon tarihi a gasar cin kofin duniya na 'yan kasa da shekaru 20, na mafi yawan kwallaye da dan wasa daya ya ci a wasa, inda sakamakon haka shi ne nasara mafi girma da kowace kungiya ta samu a tarihin gasar. Duk da cewa an fitar da 'yan Norway a matakin rukuni, kuma Haaland bai zura kwallo a wasu wasannin ba a gasar, har yanzu ya lashe kyautar takalmin zinare a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. === Babban. === Manajan Lars Lagerbäck ya nada Haaland a cikin manyan tawagar Norway a ranar 28, ga watan Agusta, 2019, don karawa da Malta da Sweden a wasannin neman cancantar shiga gasar Euro 2020 ; ya buga wasansa na farko na babban tawagar kasar a ranar 5, ga watan Satumba 2019, da Malta. A ranar 4, ga watan Satumba shekarar 2020, Haaland ya zira kwallonsa ta farko ta kasa da kasa a Norway a cikin rashin nasara da ci 1-2, da Austria a gasar cin kofin UEFA Nations League B na 2020–21 . Bayan kwana uku, ya zira kwallaye biyu a cikin nasara da ci 5–1, da Ireland ta Arewa . A ranar 11, ga watan Oktoba, Haaland ya ci hat-trick dinsa na farko na kasa da kasa a wasan da Norway ta doke Romania da ci 4-0, a gasar Nations League B, wanda ya kawo yawan kwallayen da ya ci a babbar kungiyar a wasanni shida da ya buga. [[File:Benefizgrillerei (2019) 12.jpg|thumb|Erling Haaland]] A lokacin hutun kasa da kasa na watan Satumba shekarar 2021, Haaland ya zira kwallaye biyar a wasanni uku na neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya, gami da hat-trick na biyu ga Norway a nasarar da suka yi da Gibraltar da ci 5-1. == Salon wasa. == ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, Haaland yana da dukkan halayen ɗan wasan gaba. Yana amfani da firam ɗinsa mai girman gaske don riƙe wasa yadda ya kamata kuma ya haɗa da wasu. Yana da taki da dabarar motsi don gudu a baya; yana iya dribble da halitta; kuma yana iya gamawa da ƙafafu biyu da kansa. Yawancin lokaci yakan zo da zurfi don tattara kwallon don taimakawa kungiyarsa ta buga wasa, sau da yawa yana neman yada kwallon a fili ga abokin wasansa, kafin ya juya da gudu zuwa raga. Wani lokaci yakan zo da zurfi don masu tsaron baya su bi shi, don haka yana da wayar da kan kunna kwallon da ƙirƙirar daga matsayi na gaba. A cikin filin wasan, yana yin ƙananan motsi masu kaifi don tabo wata dama ga abokin wasan don yin ƙoƙari ya same shi a sararin samaniya, kuma zai iya canza layin da yake gudana da sauri zuwa wannan sararin samaniya, yana mai da shi matukar wuya ga masu tsaron gida su karanta. . Yana amfani da jikinsa sosai lokacin wasa da bayansa zuwa raga, yana kare kwallon yadda ya kamata yayin da yake kokarin sarrafa ta. Ganin cewa zai iya amfani da karfinsa wajen samun damar buga kwallo a lokacin da yake fuskantar matsin lamba, yana kuma da tasiri wajen baiwa ‘yan wasan baya na kungiyarsa dan jinkiri bayan an cire shi. Ƙirƙirar Haaland ta fi bayyana lokacin da ya shiga tashar hagu ta ciki. Babban burinsa koyaushe shine ya sami harbi, amma kuma yana da hangen nesa da fasaha don zabar jinkirin gudu daga tsakiyar tsakiya a tsakiya. Ƙarfinsa na ɗaukar ƙwallon a cikin sauri kuma yana taimakawa wajen ƙirƙira ga wasu, musamman ma a kan gaba. Haaland ya yi wa Zlatan Ibrahimović da [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], amma kuma ya ambaci Michu, Jamie Vardy, Sergio Agüero da Robin van Persie a matsayin wahayi, kuma ya yaba Virgil van Dijk da [[Sergio Ramos]] a matsayin biyu daga cikin ’yan wasan baya mafi tsauri da ya taka leda. == Rayuwa ta sirri. == Haaland shine ɗan tsohuwar Nottingham Forest na Norway, Leeds United da mai tsaron bayan Manchester City Alfie Haaland, kuma tsohuwar 'yar wasan heptathlon ta mata Gry Marita Braut. Dan uwansa Jonatan Braut Brunes shima kwararren dan kwallon kafa ne. Brunes ya zama dan wasa mafi karancin shekaru da ya taba bugawa Bryne a wasa da KFUM Oslo a ranar 16 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2016 yana da shekaru 15, watanni 9, kwanaki 9, inda ya doke tarihin da Haaland ya kafa a baya kwanaki hudu da suka gabata. Kaninsa Albert Tjåland shi ma dan wasan kwallon kafa ne, wanda ya yi rajista sama da kwallaye sittin a wasanni kasa da arba'in da ya buga da kungiyar matasan Molde. A cikin watan Fabrairu shekarar 2017, a cikin wata hira da jaridar Norwegian ''Aftenposten'', Haaland ya bayyana cewa "Mafarkin shine lashe gasar Premier tare da Leeds." A ranar 30, ga watan Agusta 2016, bidiyon kiɗan "Kygo Jo" an shigar da shi zuwa [[YouTube]] ta Flow Kingz, ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi Haaland da abokan wasansa U-18, na Norway Erik Botheim da Erik Tobias Sandberg . A shekarar 2020, bidiyon ya zarce 8.2&nbsp;miliyan views da 250, dubu likes. [[File:SV Mattersburg gegen FC RB Salzburg (2. November 2019) 79.jpg|thumb|Erling Haaland]] Haaland ya ce yana jin daɗin bimbini . Bayan ya ci kwallonsa ta biyu a wasan farko na Dortmund a gasar zakarun Turai da Paris Saint-Germain a watan Fabrairun shekarar 2020, ya yi bikin ta hanyar kwaikwayi wani "zen" dangane da ayyukansa na tunani. Duk da haka, Dortmund za ta ci gaba da yin rashin nasara kuma za a fitar da ita bayan wasan na biyu, inda dan wasan PSG Neymar ya kwaikwayi bikin Haaland bayan kwallon da ya ci, kuma yawancin 'yan wasan kulob din Faransa sun shiga cikin yin kwaikwayon "zen" a cikin bikinsu bayan kammalawa. na wasan. An bayar da rahoton cewa an yi hakan ne a matsayin tono ga Haaland saboda wani sako da ake zargin ya yi a dandalin sada zumunta da ya yi kafin wasan, inda ya kira wurin da ya karbi bakuncin Paris "birninsa". Duk da wasu majiyoyin da ke ba da shawarar cewa mukamin Haaland na bogi ne, har yanzu ya ce bikin na PSG bai damu ba, yana mai cewa: "Ina tsammanin sun taimaka mini da yawa don yin bimbini a duniya da kuma nuna wa duniya duka. wannan tunani abu ne mai mahimmanci don haka ina godiya". ==Hotuna.== == Kididdigar sana'a. == === Kungiya. === {{Updated|match played 17 September 2022}} <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> === Ƙasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 17 September 2022}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Fitowa da burin tawagar ƙasa da shekara ! Tawagar kasa ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="4" | Norway | 2019 | 2 | 0 |- | 2020 | 5 | 6 |- | 2021 | 8 | 6 |- | 2022 | 8 | 9 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 23 ! 21 |} {{Updated|match played 24 September 2022}} :''Norway score listed first, score column indicates score after each Haaland goal''<ref name=NFT/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+List of international goals scored by Erling Haaland ! scope="col" |No. ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Venue ! scope="col" |Cap ! scope="col" |Opponent ! scope="col" |Score ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" |Competition ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | align="center" |1 |4 September 2020 |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | align="center" |3 |{{fb|AUT}} | align="center" |1–2 | align="center" |1–2 |2020–21 UEFA Nations League B | align="center" | |- | align="center" |2 | rowspan="2" |7 September 2020 | rowspan="2" |Windsor Park, Belfast, Northern Ireland | rowspan="2" align="center" |4 | rowspan="2" |{{fb|NIR}} | align="center" |2–1 | rowspan="2" align="center" |5–1 | rowspan="2" |2020–21 UEFA Nations League B | rowspan="2" align="center" | |- | align="center" |3 | align="center" |5–1 |- | align="center" |4 | rowspan="3" |11 October 2020 | rowspan="3" |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | rowspan="3" align="center" |6 | rowspan="3" |{{fb|ROU}} | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="3" align="center" |4–0 | rowspan="3" |2020–21 UEFA Nations League B | rowspan="3" align="center" | |- | align="center" |5 | align="center" |3–0 |- | align="center" |6 | align="center" |4–0 |- | align="center" |7 |2 June 2021 |La Rosaleda Stadium, Málaga, Spain | align="center" |11 |{{fb|LUX}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |Friendly | align="center" | |- | align="center" |8 |1 September 2021 |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | align="center" |13 |{{fb|NED}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 |2022 FIFA World Cup qualification | align="center" | |- | align="center" |9 |4 September 2021 |Daugava Stadium, Riga, Latvia | align="center" |14 |{{fb|LVA}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 |2022 FIFA World Cup qualification | align="center" | |- | align="center" |10 | rowspan="3" |7 September 2021 | rowspan="3" |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | rowspan="3" align="center" |15 | rowspan="3" |{{fb|GIB}} | align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="3" align="center" |5–1 | rowspan="3" |2022 FIFA World Cup qualification | rowspan="3" align="center" | |- | align="center" |11 | align="center" |3–0 |- | align="center" |12 | align="center" |5–1 |- | align="center" |13 |25 March 2022 |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | align="center" |16 |{{fb|SVK}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 |Friendly | align="center" | |- | align="center" |14 | rowspan="2" |29 March 2022 | rowspan="2" |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | rowspan="2" align="center" |17 | rowspan="2" |{{fb|ARM}} | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |9–0 | rowspan="2" |Friendly | rowspan="2" align="center" | |- | align="center" |15 | align="center" |5–0 |- | align="center" |16 |2 June 2022 |Red Star Stadium, Belgrade, Serbia | align="center" |18 |{{fb|SRB}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |2022–23 UEFA Nations League B | align="center" | |- | align="center" |17 | rowspan="2" |5 June 2022 | rowspan="2" |Friends Arena, Solna, Sweden | rowspan="2" align="center" |19 | rowspan="2" |{{fb|SWE}} | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2–1 | rowspan="2" |2022–23 UEFA Nations League B | rowspan="2" align="center" | |- | align="center" |18 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |19 | rowspan="2" |12 June 2022 | rowspan="2" |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway | rowspan="2" align="center" |21 | rowspan="2" |{{fb|SWE}} | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |3–2 | rowspan="2" |2022–23 UEFA Nations League B | rowspan="2" align="center" | |- | align="center" |20 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |21 |24 September 2022 |Stožice Stadium, Ljubljana, Slovenia | align="center" |22 |{{fb|SVN}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–2 |2022–23 UEFA Nations League B | align="center" | |} == Girmamawa. == '''Red Bull Salzburg''' * Bundesliga ta Austria: 2018-19, 2019-20 * Kofin Austria : 2018-19 <ref name="Soccerway" /> '''Borussia Dortmund''' * DFB-Pokal : 2020-21 '''Norway U17''' * Kofin Syrenka: 2016 '''Mutum.''' * Nasarar Eliteserien na Shekara : 2018. * Gwarzon dan kwallon Austria : 2019. * Dan wasan Bundesliga na Austriya: 2019-20. * FIFA U-20 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya : 2019. * Breakthrough XI : 2019. * Dan wasan Bundesliga na kakar wasa: 2020-21. * Gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga na watan: Janairu 2020, Nuwamba 2020, Afrilu 2021, Agusta 2021 * Gasar Bundesliga na Watan: Janairu 2020, Fabrairu 2020. * Manufar Bundesliga na Watan: Satumba 2021. * Kungiyar Bundesliga ta kakar: 2020-21, 2021-22. * Gwarzon dan wasan Premier na watan : Agusta 2022. * Ƙungiyar ESM na Shekara : 2019-20. * Kungiyar Matasan Duniya ta IFFHS (U20) : 2020. * Golden Boy : 2020. * Gullballen : 2020. * Kyautar Kniksen : 2020. * Gwarzon Wasannin Yaren mutanen Norway : 2020. * Tawagar UEFA Champions League na kakar wasa: 2020-21. * Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Turai na kakar wasa : 2020-21. * Wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a gasar zakarun Turai : 2020-21. * Wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar UEFA Nations League : 2020-21. * FIFA FIFPro Duniya 11 : 2021. == Manazarta. == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje. == * [https://www.mancity.com/players/erling-haaland Bayanan martaba] a gidan yanar gizon Manchester City FC * Erling Haaland </img> * {{UEFA player}} Rikodin gasar </img> {{Manchester City F.C. squad}}{{Navboxes|title=Awards|bg=gold|fg=navy|list1={{FIFA U-20 World Cup awards}} {{UEFA Champions League top scorers}} {{UEFA Club Football Awards}} {{Golden Boy award winners}} {{Gullballen}} {{Austrian Footballer of the Year}} {{2020–21 kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season}} {{2021–22 kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season}}}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 2000]] 44qt8xj6fo4z4tokkzwtfqp1onhkome 0 40863 967847 819413 2026-10-15T13:57:05Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* */ 967847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ahmadu bello university senate.jpg|thumb]] '''Samaru''', Birni ne, da a cikin ƙaramar hukumar [[Sabon Gari|Sabon]] Gari ta Jihar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. Garin wani yanki ne da ke cikin birnin Zaria wanda babbar [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|jami'ar Ahmadu]] Bello take. Samaru na daya daga cikin mafi shaharar a garin Zariya,wadda kabilu daban-daban suna zaune tare cikin aminci da lumana. Samaru gida ne ga kowa da kowa. == Geography of Samaru == Samaru yana kan latitude 110' 25'N da Longitude 40' 26'E tare da yanayi guda biyu, wanda shine lokacin rani da damina. Zamanin Samaru na baiwa manoma damar samar da kayan amfanin gona masu kyau a duk karshen kowace kakar. == Tarihi == Samaru yana karkashin Masarautar [[Zariya|Zaria]] (Zazzau)ne amma ya samu ci gaba a shekarar 1924, lokacin da aka kafa Cibiyar Bincike da Koyar da Aikin Gona a Samaru. == Cibiyoyin Ilimi a Samaru <ref>https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/c51lk7pexv4o.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17214773563194&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhausa%2Farticles%2Fc51lk7pexv4o</ref> == Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru. Sashen Kimiyyar Noma, Samaru Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Noma, Samaru. Cibiyar Fasahar Fata da Kimiyya ta Najeriya Samaru, Zariya Iya abubakar computer samaru zaria. Ahmadu Bello University Distance Learning == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<references group="https://www.bbc.com/hausa/live/labarai-55041250" /> [[Category:Qaramin gari]] [[Category:Garin da yake dayawan cibiyoyin karatu]] 4gr1kppj8flu0w24nlkoahyt2h1q44v 967848 967847 2026-10-15T13:58:50Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Geography of Samaru */ 967848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ahmadu bello university senate.jpg|thumb]] '''Samaru''', Birni ne, da a cikin ƙaramar hukumar [[Sabon Gari|Sabon]] Gari ta Jihar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. Garin wani yanki ne da ke cikin birnin Zaria wanda babbar [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|jami'ar Ahmadu]] Bello take. Samaru na daya daga cikin mafi shaharar a garin Zariya,wadda kabilu daban-daban suna zaune tare cikin aminci da lumana. Samaru gida ne ga kowa da kowa. == Geography of Samaru == Samaru yana kan latitude 110' 25'N da Longitude 40' 26'E tare da yanayi guda biyu, wanda shine lokacin rani da damina. Wannan na baiwa manoma damar samar da kayan amfanin gona masu kyau a duk karshen kowace kaka. == Tarihi == Samaru yana karkashin Masarautar [[Zariya|Zaria]] (Zazzau)ne amma ya samu ci gaba a shekarar 1924, lokacin da aka kafa Cibiyar Bincike da Koyar da Aikin Gona a Samaru. == Cibiyoyin Ilimi a Samaru <ref>https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/c51lk7pexv4o.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17214773563194&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhausa%2Farticles%2Fc51lk7pexv4o</ref> == Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru. Sashen Kimiyyar Noma, Samaru Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Noma, Samaru. Cibiyar Fasahar Fata da Kimiyya ta Najeriya Samaru, Zariya Iya abubakar computer samaru zaria. Ahmadu Bello University Distance Learning == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<references group="https://www.bbc.com/hausa/live/labarai-55041250" /> [[Category:Qaramin gari]] [[Category:Garin da yake dayawan cibiyoyin karatu]] 78xajtdn8697do9rl3kuxfvm5btbduj 968172 967848 2026-10-16T10:13:57Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Geography of Samaru */ 968172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ahmadu bello university senate.jpg|thumb]] '''Samaru''', Birni ne, da a cikin ƙaramar hukumar [[Sabon Gari|Sabon]] Gari ta Jihar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. Garin wani yanki ne da ke cikin birnin Zaria wanda babbar [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|jami'ar Ahmadu]] Bello take. Samaru na daya daga cikin mafi shaharar a garin Zariya,wadda kabilu daban-daban suna zaune tare cikin aminci da lumana. Samaru gida ne ga kowa da kowa. == Geography of Samaru == Samaru yana kan latitude (110' 25'N) da Longitude (40' 26'E)tare da yanayi guda biyu, wanda shine lokacin rani da damina. Wannan na baiwa manoma damar samar da kayan amfanin gona masu kyau a duk karshen kowace kaka. == Tarihi == Samaru yana karkashin Masarautar [[Zariya|Zaria]] (Zazzau)ne amma ya samu ci gaba a shekarar 1924, lokacin da aka kafa Cibiyar Bincike da Koyar da Aikin Gona a Samaru. == Cibiyoyin Ilimi a Samaru <ref>https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/c51lk7pexv4o.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17214773563194&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhausa%2Farticles%2Fc51lk7pexv4o</ref> == Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru. Sashen Kimiyyar Noma, Samaru Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Noma, Samaru. Cibiyar Fasahar Fata da Kimiyya ta Najeriya Samaru, Zariya Iya abubakar computer samaru zaria. Ahmadu Bello University Distance Learning == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<references group="https://www.bbc.com/hausa/live/labarai-55041250" /> [[Category:Qaramin gari]] [[Category:Garin da yake dayawan cibiyoyin karatu]] egekozdk60llss9ow59b29hu6p8iilh 0 41230 968027 876490 2026-10-15T23:32:26Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366285289|Geography of Nigeria]]" 968027 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{MapLibrary|Nigeria_sat.png|Nigeria}} [[File:LocationNigeria.svg|thumb|Yanayin Najeriya]] {{MapLibrary|Nigeria_sat.png|Nigeria}}[[Najeriya]] ƙasa ce a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] . Yana da iyakoki ƙasa tare da Jamhuriyar [[Benin]] a yamma, [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Kamaru]] a gabas, da [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] a arewa.<ref name="nationsonline.org">{{Cite web |last=nationsonline.org |first=klaus kästle- |title=Nigeria - Country Profile - Nations Online Project |url=http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/nigeria.htm |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=www.nationsonline.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Yankin tekun yana kan [[Tekun Guinea]] a kudu kuma yana kan iyakar [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] zuwa arewa maso gabas. Shahararrun siffofin ƙasa a Najeriya sun haɗa da Adamawa Plateau, Mambilla Plateau, [[Jos Plateau]], Obudu Plateau, [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], [[Benue (kogi)|Kogin Benue]], da Neja Delta. Najeriya tana cikin [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|wurare masu zafi]], inda yanayin yake da zafi sosai kuma yana da zafi a lokacin. Najeriya tana da [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Nau'ikan yanayi]] guda huɗu; waɗannan nau'ikan yanayin suna yawanci daga kudu zuwa arewa. Babban koguna na Najeriya shine Nijar, daga inda ya sami sunansa, da Benue, babban mai ba da gudummawa ga Nijar. Matsayi mafi tsawo a kasar shine [[Chappal Waddi]] (ko Gangirwal) a mita 2,419 ko ƙafa 7,936, wanda ke cikin tsaunukan Adamawa a cikin Gashaka-Gumti Public Park, Jihar Taraba, a kan iyaka da [[Kamaru]]. <ref name="nationsonline.org" /> Babban birnin Najeriya shine Abuja, wanda ke tsakiyar kasar, yayin da Legas ita ce babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasar, cibiyar kudi da birni mafi girma. Sadarwa a cikin yaruka sune Turanci (na hukuma), [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Harshen Ibo|Ibo]], da [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Language data for Nigeria |url=https://translatorswithoutborders.org/language-data-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Translators without Borders |language=en-US}}</ref> An tantance cewa Najeriya tana da kusan tarurruka 250 daban-daban na kabilanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - Languages, Dialects, Ethnicities {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/Languages |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan yankin == ; Area :* Total: {{Convert|923,768|km2}} :** ''country rank in the world:'' 31st :* Land: {{Convert|910,770|km2}} :* Water: {{Convert|13,000|km2}} ; Yankin kwatankwacin :* Kwatanta Ostiraliya: dan kadan karami fiye da Kudancin OstiraliyaKudancin Australia :* Kwatanta Kanada: dan kadan karami fiye da [[British Columbia]] :* Kwatanta Amurka: dan kadan kasa da sau uku na girman [[New Mexico]] == Yanayi == The tropical monsoon climate,[1] designated by the Köppen climate classification as Am, is found in the southern part of the country.[2] This climate is influenced by the monsoons originating from the South Atlantic Ocean, which are brought into the country by the (maritime tropical) MT air mass, a warm moist sea-to-land seasonal wind. Its warmth and high humidity gives it a strong tendency to ascend and produce copious rainfall, which is a result of the condensation of water vapour in the rapidly rising air.[3] The tropical monsoon climate has a very small temperature range. The temperature ranges are almost constant throughout the year; for example, Warri in the southern part of Nigeria records a maximum of 28 °C (82.4 °F) for its hottest month while its lowest temperature is 26 °C (78.8 °F) in its coldest month.[4] Yankin kudancin Najeriya yana fuskantar ruwan sama mai yawa. Wadannan guguwa yawanci suna da convectional a cikin yanayi saboda kusanci da yankin zuwa belin equatorial. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da aka samu a wannan yankin yana da yawa sosai. Sassan Neja Delta suna karɓar sama da 4,000 millimeters ko 160 inci na ruwan sama na shekara-shekara, yayin da kudu maso gabas ke karɓar tsakanin 2,000 da 3,000 millimeters (80 da 120 in). Yankin kudancin Najeriya yana fuskantar ruwan sama sau biyu tare da manyan tsaunuka biyu. Lokacin ruwan sama na farko ya fara ne a watan Maris, ya ƙare a watan Yuni. Lokacin hutun watan Agusta, ɗan gajeren lokacin bushewa, ya biyo baya, ya biyo bayan ɗan gajeren ruwan sama a watan Satumba da kuma dogon lokacin bushewa a watan Oktoba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate &#124; Cometonigeria.com |url=http://www.cometonigeria.com/nigeria/climate.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511223039/http://www.cometonigeria.com/nigeria/climate.html |archive-date=2011-05-11 |access-date=2011-05-27}}</ref> [[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar rarraba yanayi ta Köppen ta Najeriya]] Yanayin savanna na wurare masu zafi, wanda ke da yanayi daban-daban na ruwan sama da bushewa, ya mamaye yamma zuwa tsakiyar Najeriya. Yana da mafi girma guda ɗaya a lokacin rani kuma yana da yanayin zafi sama da {{Convert|18|°C|1}} ° .4 ° F. Abuja, babban birnin Najeriya, yana fuskantar yanayin zafin jiki na 18.45 zuwa 36.9 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Publications |url=https://iahs.info/Publications-News/ |website=iahs.info}}</ref> Lokacin fari yana faruwa daga Disamba zuwa Maris kuma yana da zafi kuma ya bushe tare da iskar Harmattan, iska mai zafi (CT) mai cike da ƙura daga [[Sahara]], wanda ke da rinjaye a duk wannan lokacin. Tare da Yankin Haɗuwa na Intertropical da ke juyawa zuwa arewacin Yammacin Afirka daga Kudancin Hemisphere a watan Afrilu, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da ke fitowa daga girgije na pre-monsoonal galibi a cikin nau'ikan layin da aka fi sani da arewa maso gabas da aka kafa galibi sakamakon hulɗar manyan iska guda biyu a Najeriya da aka sani da na teku (kudu maso gabas), <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adedoyin, J. A. |year=1989 |title=Initiation of West African squall lines |journal=Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=99–103 |bibcode=1989MAP....41...99A |doi=10.1007/BF01043455 |s2cid=120630646}}</ref> ya fara a tsakiyar Najeriya yayin da ruwan sama mai yawa da ke rufewa zuwa kudancin Najeriya a watan Yuli, yana kawowa mai nauyi da yawa, yana rufewa mai nauyi a hankali zuwa kudancin arewacin Najeriya. Jimlar ruwan sama a tsakiyar Najeriya ya bambanta daga {{Convert|1100|mm|in|1}} in) ƙasƙanci zuwa sama da {{Convert|2000|mm|in|1}} in) tare da kudancin yammacin dutsen [[Jos Plateau]]. Yanayin zafi mai zafi (''BSh'') ya fi yawa a cikin [[Sahel]] a arewacin Najeriya. Adadin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ba shi da yawa. Lokacin ruwan sama a arewacin Najeriya yana da tsawon watanni uku zuwa hudu (Yuni zuwa Satumba). Sauran shekara tana da zafi kuma ta bushe tare da yanayin zafi yana hawa har zuwa {{Convert|40|°C|°F|1}} ° C (104.0 ° F). [[Masarautar Potiskum|Potiskum]], [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]] a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya ta rubuta mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na Najeriya na {{Convert|2.8|C|F}} ° C (37.0 ° F). Ana samun yanayin tsaunuka a yankunan tsaunuka na Najeriya. Highlands sama da mita 1,520 (4,987 sama da matakin teku suna da sanyi sosai don isa layin yanayi mai matsakaici a cikin wurare masu zafi don haka suna ba da tsaunuka, duwatsu da Yankunan tsaunuka da ke tsaye sama da wannan tsawo, yanayin dutse mai sanyi. === Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara === 8Rainfall in the coastal belt of the Niger Delta is heavy due to the closeness of the Delta region to the equator. Annual rainfall totals vary from {{Convert|2,400|mm|in|0}} at [[Port Harcourt]] to as much as {{Convert|4,870|mm|in|0}} at [[Forcados]], a coastal town in the Niger Delta, {{Convert|4,200|mm|in|0}} at [[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]], and {{Convert|3,070|mm|in|0}} in [[Kalaba|Calabar]], the rainiest city with over one million people in Nigeria. As one moves northward and eastward, annual rainfall declines steadily to around {{Convert|650|mm|in|0}} at [[Sokoto (Birni)|Sokoto]] in the northwest and as low as {{Convert|400|mm|in|0}} in the extreme north of [[Yobe]] and [[Borno|Borno States]], which under the sweltering conditions that prevail is dry enough to be a hot arid climate ([[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen]] ''BWh''). === Iska ta kasuwanci === ==== Rashin iska na teku ==== Jirgin ruwa na wurare masu zafi (MT) yana da alhakin lokacin ruwan sama na Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography of Nigeria {{!}} Naija Motion |url=http://www.naijamotion.com/mockup/about-nigeria/geography-of-nigeria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901113246/http://www.naijamotion.com/mockup/about-nigeria/geography-of-nigeria/ |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |access-date=2022-09-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wannan iska ta fara ne a watan Fabrairu a kudancin Najeriya yayin da yake ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don iska ta rufe duk ƙasar, ta kai arewacin Najeriya a watan Yuni. Kasancewarsa sakamakon koma arewacin Harmattan ne. Komawa zuwa arewa na iska mai zafi (CT) ya haifar da canjin rana zuwa arewa daga wurare masu zafi na capricorn a kudancin kudancin zuwa wurare masu zafi nke ciwon daji a arewacin arewa. Wannan canjin yana farawa daga Fabrairu kuma yana ƙare a watan Yuni, lokacin da rana ta cika a kan zafi na ciwon daji. A lokacin wannan ƙaura zuwa arewacin rana sakamakon karkatar da ƙasa tare da axis dinta, rana ta haye ma'auni (a kusa da Maris), tana motsawa a Yammacin Afirka. Yammacin Afirka yana zuwa kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin rana a wannan lokacin. Dukan Yammacin Afirka yana da zafi sosai sakamakon karuwar rana. Yanayin zafi na iya hawa har zuwa {{Convert|35|°C|°F|1}} ° C (95.0 ° F) a Yammacin Afirka a wannan lokacin. Yanayin zafi a arewacin Najeriya na iya kaiwa sama da {{Convert|48|°C|°F|1}} ° C (118.4 ° F) a biranen kamar [[Maiduguri]]. Babban yanayin zafi da karuwar insolation suna haifar da matsin lamba a Yammacin Afirka da Najeriya tsakanin Maris da Mayu. Rashin iska na nahiyar Sahara yana raunana saboda yawan zafin ƙasa, yana haifar da yanayi ya fadada kuma ya zama mai sauƙi. Rashin iska ya koma baya, kuma hasken rana ya shiga cikin yanayin Najeriya da karfi fiye da lokacin Harmattan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2010 |title=Nigeria: Late dust (harmattan) storm covers the country (Google / AP) |url=http://desertification.wordpress.com/2010/03/25/late-dust-storm-covers-nigeria-google-ap/ |website=wordpress.com}}</ref> Rashin dumama na Yammacin Afirka ya haifar da yankin da ke da matsin lamba a Yammacin Afrika. Wannan yankin matsin lamba yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa iska mai zafi daga kudancin Atlantic. Jirgin iska na teku mai zafi yana da zafi, mai laushi kuma ba shi da kwanciyar hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Mass |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/air-mass |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org |language=en}}</ref> Ruwa na convection yana samuwa a cikin iska a duk lokacin da akwai rashin daidaituwa a cikin iska sakamakon dan kadan zuwa babban tsawo a yankunan tsaunuka kamar Obudu Plateau ko dumama ƙasar wanda zai iya haifar da samar da girgije na cumulonimbus wanda ke haifar da tsawa a cikin iska.A lokacin mamayewar iska ta teku, safiya tana da haske da rana, hasken rana na ƙasa da safe da yamma yana saita raƙuman ruwa, waɗannan raƙuman suna tashi tsaye, ana samar da girgije na cumulonimbus, kuma ruwan sama na iya faruwa da rana. Ruwa na gabas na Afirka wani babban mai ba da gudummawa ne na ruwan sama a lokacin bazara na watan Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin wannan guguwa yana canzawa a kusan digiri 15 na arewa. Raƙuman ruwa da ke wucewa kudu da wannan latitude suna ɗauke da danshi kuma suna haifar da convection wanda ke haifar da girgije.<ref>{{Cite web |last=College Park MD (SPX) |date=Jun 11, 2004 |title=EARTH OBSERVATION Researchers Seeing Double On African Monsoons |url=http://www.spacedaily.com/news/eo-04zzf.html |access-date=27 May 2011 |publisher=SPACE MEDIA NETWORK PROMOTIONS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=About the Country Nigeria |url=http://www.canuk.org.uk/aboutnigeria.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316152855/http://www.canuk.org.uk/aboutnigeria.aspx |archive-date=16 March 2011 |access-date=27 May 2011 |publisher=CANUK}}</ref> Yanayin Najeriya a cikin ɓangaren rigar gabas na raƙuman ruwa a kudu da digiri 15 na arewacin latitude yana haifar da yanayin yanayi mai laushi ga Najeriya, musamman a lokacin ruwan sama. ==== Rashin iska na nahiyar ==== Jirgin iska na wurare masu zafi, wanda aka fi sani da Harmattan, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Harmattan {{!}} Origin, Effects, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/harmattan |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> iska ce da ta samo asali daga [[Arewacin Afirka]] wanda ke haye Sahara zuwa Yammacin Afirka. Lokacin fari na Najeriya daga Disamba zuwa Maris ya mamaye iska mai ƙura mai zafi, wanda ke haifar da hazo kuma yana hana ganuwa. Ya samo asali ne a kusa da ma'auni, yana haifar da ƙura maimakon hazo. Duk da tasirinsa akan sufuri, karancin danshi yana taimaka wa manoma bushe amfanin gonar su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref> === Yanayin zafi === Lokacin Najeriya da bambancin zafin jiki an ƙayyade su ne ta hanyar ruwan sama tare da lokacin ruwan sama da lokacin fari kasancewa manyan lokutan a Najeriya. Lokacin ruwan sama na Najeriya yana kawo ɗan sanyi zuwa ƙasar sakamakon karuwar girgije wanda ke aiki a matsayin toshewar hasken rana mai ƙarfi na wurare masu zafi ta hanyar toshe yawancin hasken rana a lokacin ruwan sama (da kuma kama wasu zafi a ƙasa, yana sa ba ya sanyi sosai); wannan kuma iskõki sama da ƙasa suna da sanyi don haka suna yin sanyi a lokacin ruwan kasa. Duk da cewa yanayin zafi ya fi sanyi a lokacin ruwan sama, lokacin ruwan sama yana da karuwar zafin jiki da dare idan aka kwatanta da lokacin fari. Har ila yau, da yamma a lokacin ruwan sama na iya zama mai zafi da zafi. A lokacin ruwan sama yana da danshi, kuma ruwan sama yawanci yana da yawa. The dry season of Nigeria is a period of less cloud cover in the southern part of Nigeria to virtually no cloud cover in the northern part of Nigeria. The Sun shines through the atmosphere with little obstructions from the clear skies making the dry season in Nigeria a period of warmer weather conditions. In the middle of the dry season around December, the dust brought in by the Harmattan partially blocks the sun's rays, which lowers temperatures. But with the withdrawal of this wind around March to April following the onset of the rainy season, temperatures can go as high as {{Convert|44|°C|°F|1}} in some parts of Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Weather |url=http://www.nigeria-weather.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326173036/http://www.nigeria-weather.com/ |archive-date=2011-03-26 |access-date=2011-05-03}}</ref> Yanayin yanayi na matsakaici ya mamaye tsaunuka a [[tsakiyar Najeriya]] sama da mita 1,200 (3,937 sama da matakin teku, wato [[Jos Plateau]]. Yanayin zafi a kan tsaunin Jos yana tsakanin 16 da 25 ° C (61 da 77 ° F) wanda yake da sanyi a duk shekara. Yanayin yanayi mai sanyi yana faruwa a tsaunuka tare da iyakar Najeriya Kamaru, a gabashin Najeriya. Highlands a cikin waɗannan yankin sun kai matsakaicin tsawo fiye da {{Convert|1524|m|ft|0}} m (5,000 zuwa wasu tsaye sama da mita 2,000 (6,562 sama da matakin teku. Yanayin yanayi a kan waɗannan tsaunuka yana da matsakaici a duk shekara. Manyan tsaunuka a wannan yankin sune Obudu Plateau sama da {{Convert|1584|m|ft|0}} m (5,197 , Mambilla Plateau sama le {{Convert|1524|m|ft|0}} m (5,000 da Mt. Chappal Waddi sama da {{Convert|2000|m|ft|0}} . === Misalan === {{Weather box}}{{Weather box}}{{Weather box}}{{Weather box}}{{Weather box}} [[File:Nigeria_Topography.png|left|thumb|Yanayin Najeriya]] Yankin da ya fi girma a Najeriya shine na kwarin Neja da Benue River, waɗanda suka haɗu da juna kuma suka samar da haɗuwa mai siffar "y" a [[Lokoja]]. Filayen sun tashi zuwa arewacin kwarin. A kudu maso yammacin Nijar akwai [[Tudun kasa|tsaunuka]] masu tsawo, kuma a kudu maso gabashin tsaunuka da duwatsu na Benue suna samuwa har zuwa iyakar da Kamaru. Ana samun Filayen bakin teku a kudu maso yamma da kudu maso gabas. === Delta na Nijar === Kogin Neja yana cikin kudancin Najeriya. Yana daya daga cikin manyan koguna masu kama da fan a duniya. Yankin kogi na Neja Delta wani bel ne na bakin teku na maras kyau da ke kan iyaka da Tekun Atlantika. Yankunan mangrove sune Filayen ruwa masu tsayi waɗanda aka kafa ta hanyar tsarin reticulate na koguna masu haɗuwa da koguna na Kogin Neja. Kimanin kashi 70% na man fetur da iskar gas na Najeriya sun fito ne daga yankin. Wani bincike na nesa na duniya na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa akwai km2 sq na filayen ruwa a Najeriya, yana mai da shi ƙasa ta 27 a cikin yanayin yankin filayen ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=N.J. |last2=Phinn |first2=S.R. |last3=DeWitt |first3=M. |last4=Ferrari |first4=R. |last5=Johnston |first5=R. |last6=Lyons |first6=M.B. |last7=Clinton |first7=N. |last8=Thau |first8=D. |last9=Fuller |first9=R.A. |date=2019 |title=The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0805-8 |journal=Nature |volume=565 |issue=7738 |pages=222–225 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8 |pmid=30568300 |s2cid=56481043 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Shuke-shuke == [[File:Nigeria_veg_1979.jpg|right|thumb|Taswirar shuke-shuke na Najeriya.]] Najeriya tana rufe da nau'ikan ciyayi guda uku: gandun daji (inda akwai manyan bishiyoyi), savannahs (marasa bishiyoyi, tare da ciyawa da furanni da ke tsakanin bishiyoyi), da kuma ƙasar montane (ƙananan da aka saba da ita kuma galibi ana samun ta a cikin duwatsu kusa da iyakar Kamaru). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniel |first=Mfonobong |date=2020-09-22 |title=Vegetation Zones in Nigeria And Their Characteristics |url=https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/vegetation-zones-in-nigeria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210113329/https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/vegetation-zones-in-nigeria/ |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=Nigerian Infopedia |language=en-US}}</ref> Dukkanin yankin gandun daji da yankin savannah sun kasu kashi uku.<ref name="gai4">{{Cite web |title=The Human and Physical Characteristics of Nigeria |url=http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard4.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328172528/http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard4.html |archive-date=2010-03-28 |access-date=2007-08-13 |website=Geographical Alliance of Iowa |publisher=[[University of Northern Iowa]]}}</ref> Yankin savannah guda uku sun kasu kashi uku zuwa gandun daji-savanna mosaic na Guinea, wanda ya ƙunshi filayen ciyawa mai tsawo wanda itatuwa suka katse, mafi yawanci a duk faɗin ƙasar; Sudan savannah, tare da gajerun ciyawa da gajerar itatuwa; da [[Sahel]] savannah patches na ciyawa da yashi, wanda aka samo a arewa maso gabas.<ref name="gai4" /> === Ilimin muhalli na shuke-shuke === Najeriya tana da nau'ikan bishiyoyi da yawa, wadanda mafi yawansu 'yan asalin ne yayin da kaɗan ne masu ban sha'awa. Babban kashi na gandun daji da mutum ya yi a kasar ya mamaye nau'o'in halittu masu ban sha'awa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onefeli |first=Alfred |last2=Adesoye |first2=Peter |date=2014-06-23 |title=Early Growth Assessment of Selected Exotic and Indigenous Tree Species in Nigeria |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/123295 |journal=South-East European Forestry |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=45–51 |doi=10.15177/seefor.14-06 |issn=1847-6481 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan ya ƙare daga zaton cewa bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa suna girma da sauri. Koyaya, binciken ya kuma bincika ci gaban bishiyoyi na asali tare da na nau'o'in halittu masu ban sha'awa. Saboda yawan amfani, sauran yanayin halittu da gandun daji na farko a Najeriya an ƙuntata su ne ga wuraren da aka kare wanda ya haɗa da ajiyar halittu guda ɗaya, wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda bakwai, wurin Tarihin Duniya guda ɗaya, 12 Strict Nature Reserves (SNRs), wuraren ajiyar wasanni 32 / wuraren kare namun daji, da daruruwan wuraren ajiyar gandun daji. Wadannan sun hada da wuraren kiyayewa da yawa kamar su arboreta, lambunan botanical, lambunan zoological, da bankunan kwayoyin halitta da cibiyoyin bincike da yawa ke sarrafawa <ref name=":122">{{Cite journal |last=Kallah |first=Muh. S |last2=Bale |first2=J. O |last3=Abdullahi |first3=U. S |last4=Muhammad |first4=I. R |last5=Lawal |first5=R |date=2000-04-10 |title=Nutrient composition of native forbs of semi-arid and dry sub-humid savannas of Nigeria |journal=Animal Feed Science and Technology |language=en |volume=84 |issue=1 |pages=137–145 |doi=10.1016/S0377-8401(99)00131-5 |issn=0377-8401}}</ref> [[File:Palm-tree-plantation--at-Kwale--Delta-state--beside-OPAC-Refinery-.jpg|thumb|Shuka dabino a [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]]]] A cikin tsaunuka masu bushewa da bushewa na Yammacin Afirka, gami da Najeriya, an san nau'o'in nau'o-nau'i masu yawa musamman daga jinsunan Crotalaria, ''Alysicarpus'', ''Cassia'' da ''Ipomea'' da ake amfani da su sosai a cikin samar da dabbobi. Sau da yawa ana cire su ko yanka su kuma ana ciyar da su a matsayin sabo ko abinci mai kiyayewa. Amfani da waɗannan da sauran ganye da yawa da ke girma ta halitta a cikin yanayin gona yana da dama.<ref name=":122" /> Sauran nau'o'in da suka fito a Najeriya, gami da soya da nau'ikansa, suna aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar tushen mai da furotin a wannan yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Soybean (Glycine max) |url=https://www.iita.org/cropsnew/soybean-3/ |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=www.iita.org}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai tsire-tsire da yawa tare da dalilai na magani waɗanda ake amfani da su don taimakawa magani a cikin gabobin da yawa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan ciyayi sun hada da ''Euphorbiaceae'', wanda ke aiki da manufar taimakawa zazzabin cizon sauro, cututtukan gastrointestinal bi da bi da sauran cututtuka da yawa. Abubuwa daban-daban na damuwa kamar fari, ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa da kuma kamuwa da kwari sun ba da gudummawa ga shuke-shuke na Masara kasancewa wani ɓangare na aikin gona a wannan yankin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olaoye |first=G |date=2010-02-15 |title=Evaluation of new generations of maize streak virus (msv) resistant varieties for grain yield, agronomic potential and adaptation to a southern guinea savanna ecology of Nigeria |journal=Agro-Science |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.4314/as.v8i2.51107 |issn=1119-7455 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yayinda masana'antu ta karu, ya kuma sanya nau'ikan bishiyoyi a cikin gandun daji cikin haɗarin gurɓata iska kuma binciken ya nuna cewa a wasu sassan Najeriya, bishiyoyi sun nuna haƙuri kuma suna girma a yankunan da ke da gurɓataccen iska <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Agbaire |first=P. O. |last2=Esiefarienrhe |first2=E. |date=2009 |title=Air Pollution tolerance indices (apti) of some plants around Otorogun Gas Plant in Delta State, Nigeria. |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/55251 |journal=Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |doi=10.4314/jasem.v13i1.55251 |issn=1119-8362 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Albarkatun halitta da amfani da ƙasa == albarkatun kasa na Najeriya sun hada da amma ba a iyakance su ga [[Danyen mai|man fetur]], tin, [[columbite]], ƙarfe, kwal, dutse, gubar, [[zinc]], iskar gas, wutar lantarki, da [[Kasar da ta Dace da Noma|ƙasa mai noma]] ba. Wannan jerin manyan abubuwan [[Najeriya]] ne, abubuwan da suka fi arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri. * Yankin arewacin - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] nan da nan arewa maso yammacin garin [[Chadawa]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]]. * Gabashin Gabas - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da [[Kamaru]] nan da nan a gabashin ƙauyen [[Munyego]], [[Borno|Jihar Borno]]. * Yankin kudu - ba a san sunansa ba a kudu da garin [[Egeregere]], [[Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]]. * Yammacin Yamma - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da [[Benin|Jamhuriyar Benin]] nan da nan a gabashin garin Beninoise na [[Jabata, Nigeria|Jabata]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]]. == Dubi kuma == * ISO 3166-2:NG * [[Canjin yanayi a Najeriya]] * [[Yankunan Najeriya|Rarrabawar gudanarwa na Najeriya]] * [[Ruwa mai zafi a Najeriya]] * [[Yanayin Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b0qirs1utk0lfj6mhikfv9f72pc9xq3 968029 968027 2026-10-15T23:33:35Z Salma Raddah 45959 968029 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{MapLibrary|Nigeria_sat.png|Nigeria}} [[File:LocationNigeria.svg|thumb|Yanayin Najeriya]]{{Databox}} {{MapLibrary|Nigeria_sat.png|Nigeria}}[[Najeriya]] ƙasa ce a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] . Yana da iyakoki ƙasa tare da Jamhuriyar [[Benin]] a yamma, [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Kamaru]] a gabas, da [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] a arewa.<ref name="nationsonline.org">{{Cite web |last=nationsonline.org |first=klaus kästle- |title=Nigeria - Country Profile - Nations Online Project |url=http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/nigeria.htm |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=www.nationsonline.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Yankin tekun yana kan [[Tekun Guinea]] a kudu kuma yana kan iyakar [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] zuwa arewa maso gabas. Shahararrun siffofin ƙasa a Najeriya sun haɗa da Adamawa Plateau, Mambilla Plateau, [[Jos Plateau]], Obudu Plateau, [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], [[Benue (kogi)|Kogin Benue]], da Neja Delta. Najeriya tana cikin [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|wurare masu zafi]], inda yanayin yake da zafi sosai kuma yana da zafi a lokacin. Najeriya tana da [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Nau'ikan yanayi]] guda huɗu; waɗannan nau'ikan yanayin suna yawanci daga kudu zuwa arewa. Babban koguna na Najeriya shine Nijar, daga inda ya sami sunansa, da Benue, babban mai ba da gudummawa ga Nijar. Matsayi mafi tsawo a kasar shine [[Chappal Waddi]] (ko Gangirwal) a mita 2,419 ko ƙafa 7,936, wanda ke cikin tsaunukan Adamawa a cikin Gashaka-Gumti Public Park, Jihar Taraba, a kan iyaka da [[Kamaru]]. <ref name="nationsonline.org" /> Babban birnin Najeriya shine Abuja, wanda ke tsakiyar kasar, yayin da Legas ita ce babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasar, cibiyar kudi da birni mafi girma. Sadarwa a cikin yaruka sune Turanci (na hukuma), [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Harshen Ibo|Ibo]], da [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Language data for Nigeria |url=https://translatorswithoutborders.org/language-data-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Translators without Borders |language=en-US}}</ref> An tantance cewa Najeriya tana da kusan tarurruka 250 daban-daban na kabilanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - Languages, Dialects, Ethnicities {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/Languages |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan yankin == ; Area :* Total: {{Convert|923,768|km2}} :** ''country rank in the world:'' 31st :* Land: {{Convert|910,770|km2}} :* Water: {{Convert|13,000|km2}} ; Yankin kwatankwacin :* Kwatanta Ostiraliya: dan kadan karami fiye da Kudancin OstiraliyaKudancin Australia :* Kwatanta Kanada: dan kadan karami fiye da [[British Columbia]] :* Kwatanta Amurka: dan kadan kasa da sau uku na girman [[New Mexico]] == Yanayi == The tropical monsoon climate,[1] designated by the Köppen climate classification as Am, is found in the southern part of the country.[2] This climate is influenced by the monsoons originating from the South Atlantic Ocean, which are brought into the country by the (maritime tropical) MT air mass, a warm moist sea-to-land seasonal wind. Its warmth and high humidity gives it a strong tendency to ascend and produce copious rainfall, which is a result of the condensation of water vapour in the rapidly rising air.[3] The tropical monsoon climate has a very small temperature range. The temperature ranges are almost constant throughout the year; for example, Warri in the southern part of Nigeria records a maximum of 28 °C (82.4 °F) for its hottest month while its lowest temperature is 26 °C (78.8 °F) in its coldest month.[4] Yankin kudancin Najeriya yana fuskantar ruwan sama mai yawa. Wadannan guguwa yawanci suna da convectional a cikin yanayi saboda kusanci da yankin zuwa belin equatorial. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da aka samu a wannan yankin yana da yawa sosai. Sassan Neja Delta suna karɓar sama da 4,000 millimeters ko 160 inci na ruwan sama na shekara-shekara, yayin da kudu maso gabas ke karɓar tsakanin 2,000 da 3,000 millimeters (80 da 120 in). Yankin kudancin Najeriya yana fuskantar ruwan sama sau biyu tare da manyan tsaunuka biyu. Lokacin ruwan sama na farko ya fara ne a watan Maris, ya ƙare a watan Yuni. Lokacin hutun watan Agusta, ɗan gajeren lokacin bushewa, ya biyo baya, ya biyo bayan ɗan gajeren ruwan sama a watan Satumba da kuma dogon lokacin bushewa a watan Oktoba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate &#124; Cometonigeria.com |url=http://www.cometonigeria.com/nigeria/climate.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511223039/http://www.cometonigeria.com/nigeria/climate.html |archive-date=2011-05-11 |access-date=2011-05-27}}</ref> [[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar rarraba yanayi ta Köppen ta Najeriya]] Yanayin savanna na wurare masu zafi, wanda ke da yanayi daban-daban na ruwan sama da bushewa, ya mamaye yamma zuwa tsakiyar Najeriya. Yana da mafi girma guda ɗaya a lokacin rani kuma yana da yanayin zafi sama da {{Convert|18|°C|1}} ° .4 ° F. Abuja, babban birnin Najeriya, yana fuskantar yanayin zafin jiki na 18.45 zuwa 36.9 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Publications |url=https://iahs.info/Publications-News/ |website=iahs.info}}</ref> Lokacin fari yana faruwa daga Disamba zuwa Maris kuma yana da zafi kuma ya bushe tare da iskar Harmattan, iska mai zafi (CT) mai cike da ƙura daga [[Sahara]], wanda ke da rinjaye a duk wannan lokacin. Tare da Yankin Haɗuwa na Intertropical da ke juyawa zuwa arewacin Yammacin Afirka daga Kudancin Hemisphere a watan Afrilu, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da ke fitowa daga girgije na pre-monsoonal galibi a cikin nau'ikan layin da aka fi sani da arewa maso gabas da aka kafa galibi sakamakon hulɗar manyan iska guda biyu a Najeriya da aka sani da na teku (kudu maso gabas), <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adedoyin, J. A. |year=1989 |title=Initiation of West African squall lines |journal=Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=99–103 |bibcode=1989MAP....41...99A |doi=10.1007/BF01043455 |s2cid=120630646}}</ref> ya fara a tsakiyar Najeriya yayin da ruwan sama mai yawa da ke rufewa zuwa kudancin Najeriya a watan Yuli, yana kawowa mai nauyi da yawa, yana rufewa mai nauyi a hankali zuwa kudancin arewacin Najeriya. Jimlar ruwan sama a tsakiyar Najeriya ya bambanta daga {{Convert|1100|mm|in|1}} in) ƙasƙanci zuwa sama da {{Convert|2000|mm|in|1}} in) tare da kudancin yammacin dutsen [[Jos Plateau]]. Yanayin zafi mai zafi (''BSh'') ya fi yawa a cikin [[Sahel]] a arewacin Najeriya. Adadin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ba shi da yawa. Lokacin ruwan sama a arewacin Najeriya yana da tsawon watanni uku zuwa hudu (Yuni zuwa Satumba). Sauran shekara tana da zafi kuma ta bushe tare da yanayin zafi yana hawa har zuwa {{Convert|40|°C|°F|1}} ° C (104.0 ° F). [[Masarautar Potiskum|Potiskum]], [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]] a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya ta rubuta mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na Najeriya na {{Convert|2.8|C|F}} ° C (37.0 ° F). Ana samun yanayin tsaunuka a yankunan tsaunuka na Najeriya. Highlands sama da mita 1,520 (4,987 sama da matakin teku suna da sanyi sosai don isa layin yanayi mai matsakaici a cikin wurare masu zafi don haka suna ba da tsaunuka, duwatsu da Yankunan tsaunuka da ke tsaye sama da wannan tsawo, yanayin dutse mai sanyi. === Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara === 8Rainfall in the coastal belt of the Niger Delta is heavy due to the closeness of the Delta region to the equator. Annual rainfall totals vary from {{Convert|2,400|mm|in|0}} at [[Port Harcourt]] to as much as {{Convert|4,870|mm|in|0}} at [[Forcados]], a coastal town in the Niger Delta, {{Convert|4,200|mm|in|0}} at [[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]], and {{Convert|3,070|mm|in|0}} in [[Kalaba|Calabar]], the rainiest city with over one million people in Nigeria. As one moves northward and eastward, annual rainfall declines steadily to around {{Convert|650|mm|in|0}} at [[Sokoto (Birni)|Sokoto]] in the northwest and as low as {{Convert|400|mm|in|0}} in the extreme north of [[Yobe]] and [[Borno|Borno States]], which under the sweltering conditions that prevail is dry enough to be a hot arid climate ([[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen]] ''BWh''). === Iska ta kasuwanci === ==== Rashin iska na teku ==== Jirgin ruwa na wurare masu zafi (MT) yana da alhakin lokacin ruwan sama na Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography of Nigeria {{!}} Naija Motion |url=http://www.naijamotion.com/mockup/about-nigeria/geography-of-nigeria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901113246/http://www.naijamotion.com/mockup/about-nigeria/geography-of-nigeria/ |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |access-date=2022-09-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wannan iska ta fara ne a watan Fabrairu a kudancin Najeriya yayin da yake ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don iska ta rufe duk ƙasar, ta kai arewacin Najeriya a watan Yuni. Kasancewarsa sakamakon koma arewacin Harmattan ne. Komawa zuwa arewa na iska mai zafi (CT) ya haifar da canjin rana zuwa arewa daga wurare masu zafi na capricorn a kudancin kudancin zuwa wurare masu zafi nke ciwon daji a arewacin arewa. Wannan canjin yana farawa daga Fabrairu kuma yana ƙare a watan Yuni, lokacin da rana ta cika a kan zafi na ciwon daji. A lokacin wannan ƙaura zuwa arewacin rana sakamakon karkatar da ƙasa tare da axis dinta, rana ta haye ma'auni (a kusa da Maris), tana motsawa a Yammacin Afirka. Yammacin Afirka yana zuwa kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin rana a wannan lokacin. Dukan Yammacin Afirka yana da zafi sosai sakamakon karuwar rana. Yanayin zafi na iya hawa har zuwa {{Convert|35|°C|°F|1}} ° C (95.0 ° F) a Yammacin Afirka a wannan lokacin. Yanayin zafi a arewacin Najeriya na iya kaiwa sama da {{Convert|48|°C|°F|1}} ° C (118.4 ° F) a biranen kamar [[Maiduguri]]. Babban yanayin zafi da karuwar insolation suna haifar da matsin lamba a Yammacin Afirka da Najeriya tsakanin Maris da Mayu. Rashin iska na nahiyar Sahara yana raunana saboda yawan zafin ƙasa, yana haifar da yanayi ya fadada kuma ya zama mai sauƙi. Rashin iska ya koma baya, kuma hasken rana ya shiga cikin yanayin Najeriya da karfi fiye da lokacin Harmattan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2010 |title=Nigeria: Late dust (harmattan) storm covers the country (Google / AP) |url=http://desertification.wordpress.com/2010/03/25/late-dust-storm-covers-nigeria-google-ap/ |website=wordpress.com}}</ref> Rashin dumama na Yammacin Afirka ya haifar da yankin da ke da matsin lamba a Yammacin Afrika. Wannan yankin matsin lamba yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa iska mai zafi daga kudancin Atlantic. Jirgin iska na teku mai zafi yana da zafi, mai laushi kuma ba shi da kwanciyar hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Mass |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/air-mass |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org |language=en}}</ref> Ruwa na convection yana samuwa a cikin iska a duk lokacin da akwai rashin daidaituwa a cikin iska sakamakon dan kadan zuwa babban tsawo a yankunan tsaunuka kamar Obudu Plateau ko dumama ƙasar wanda zai iya haifar da samar da girgije na cumulonimbus wanda ke haifar da tsawa a cikin iska.A lokacin mamayewar iska ta teku, safiya tana da haske da rana, hasken rana na ƙasa da safe da yamma yana saita raƙuman ruwa, waɗannan raƙuman suna tashi tsaye, ana samar da girgije na cumulonimbus, kuma ruwan sama na iya faruwa da rana. Ruwa na gabas na Afirka wani babban mai ba da gudummawa ne na ruwan sama a lokacin bazara na watan Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin wannan guguwa yana canzawa a kusan digiri 15 na arewa. Raƙuman ruwa da ke wucewa kudu da wannan latitude suna ɗauke da danshi kuma suna haifar da convection wanda ke haifar da girgije.<ref>{{Cite web |last=College Park MD (SPX) |date=Jun 11, 2004 |title=EARTH OBSERVATION Researchers Seeing Double On African Monsoons |url=http://www.spacedaily.com/news/eo-04zzf.html |access-date=27 May 2011 |publisher=SPACE MEDIA NETWORK PROMOTIONS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=About the Country Nigeria |url=http://www.canuk.org.uk/aboutnigeria.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316152855/http://www.canuk.org.uk/aboutnigeria.aspx |archive-date=16 March 2011 |access-date=27 May 2011 |publisher=CANUK}}</ref> Yanayin Najeriya a cikin ɓangaren rigar gabas na raƙuman ruwa a kudu da digiri 15 na arewacin latitude yana haifar da yanayin yanayi mai laushi ga Najeriya, musamman a lokacin ruwan sama. ==== Rashin iska na nahiyar ==== Jirgin iska na wurare masu zafi, wanda aka fi sani da Harmattan, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Harmattan {{!}} Origin, Effects, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/harmattan |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> iska ce da ta samo asali daga [[Arewacin Afirka]] wanda ke haye Sahara zuwa Yammacin Afirka. Lokacin fari na Najeriya daga Disamba zuwa Maris ya mamaye iska mai ƙura mai zafi, wanda ke haifar da hazo kuma yana hana ganuwa. Ya samo asali ne a kusa da ma'auni, yana haifar da ƙura maimakon hazo. Duk da tasirinsa akan sufuri, karancin danshi yana taimaka wa manoma bushe amfanin gonar su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref> === Yanayin zafi === Lokacin Najeriya da bambancin zafin jiki an ƙayyade su ne ta hanyar ruwan sama tare da lokacin ruwan sama da lokacin fari kasancewa manyan lokutan a Najeriya. Lokacin ruwan sama na Najeriya yana kawo ɗan sanyi zuwa ƙasar sakamakon karuwar girgije wanda ke aiki a matsayin toshewar hasken rana mai ƙarfi na wurare masu zafi ta hanyar toshe yawancin hasken rana a lokacin ruwan sama (da kuma kama wasu zafi a ƙasa, yana sa ba ya sanyi sosai); wannan kuma iskõki sama da ƙasa suna da sanyi don haka suna yin sanyi a lokacin ruwan kasa. Duk da cewa yanayin zafi ya fi sanyi a lokacin ruwan sama, lokacin ruwan sama yana da karuwar zafin jiki da dare idan aka kwatanta da lokacin fari. Har ila yau, da yamma a lokacin ruwan sama na iya zama mai zafi da zafi. A lokacin ruwan sama yana da danshi, kuma ruwan sama yawanci yana da yawa. The dry season of Nigeria is a period of less cloud cover in the southern part of Nigeria to virtually no cloud cover in the northern part of Nigeria. The Sun shines through the atmosphere with little obstructions from the clear skies making the dry season in Nigeria a period of warmer weather conditions. In the middle of the dry season around December, the dust brought in by the Harmattan partially blocks the sun's rays, which lowers temperatures. But with the withdrawal of this wind around March to April following the onset of the rainy season, temperatures can go as high as {{Convert|44|°C|°F|1}} in some parts of Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Weather |url=http://www.nigeria-weather.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326173036/http://www.nigeria-weather.com/ |archive-date=2011-03-26 |access-date=2011-05-03}}</ref> Yanayin yanayi na matsakaici ya mamaye tsaunuka a [[tsakiyar Najeriya]] sama da mita 1,200 (3,937 sama da matakin teku, wato [[Jos Plateau]]. Yanayin zafi a kan tsaunin Jos yana tsakanin 16 da 25 ° C (61 da 77 ° F) wanda yake da sanyi a duk shekara. Yanayin yanayi mai sanyi yana faruwa a tsaunuka tare da iyakar Najeriya Kamaru, a gabashin Najeriya. Highlands a cikin waɗannan yankin sun kai matsakaicin tsawo fiye da {{Convert|1524|m|ft|0}} m (5,000 zuwa wasu tsaye sama da mita 2,000 (6,562 sama da matakin teku. Yanayin yanayi a kan waɗannan tsaunuka yana da matsakaici a duk shekara. Manyan tsaunuka a wannan yankin sune Obudu Plateau sama da {{Convert|1584|m|ft|0}} m (5,197 , Mambilla Plateau sama le {{Convert|1524|m|ft|0}} m (5,000 da Mt. Chappal Waddi sama da {{Convert|2000|m|ft|0}} . === Misalan === {{Weather box}}{{Weather box}}{{Weather box}}{{Weather box}}{{Weather box}} [[File:Nigeria_Topography.png|left|thumb|Yanayin Najeriya]] Yankin da ya fi girma a Najeriya shine na kwarin Neja da Benue River, waɗanda suka haɗu da juna kuma suka samar da haɗuwa mai siffar "y" a [[Lokoja]]. Filayen sun tashi zuwa arewacin kwarin. A kudu maso yammacin Nijar akwai [[Tudun kasa|tsaunuka]] masu tsawo, kuma a kudu maso gabashin tsaunuka da duwatsu na Benue suna samuwa har zuwa iyakar da Kamaru. Ana samun Filayen bakin teku a kudu maso yamma da kudu maso gabas. === Delta na Nijar === Kogin Neja yana cikin kudancin Najeriya. Yana daya daga cikin manyan koguna masu kama da fan a duniya. Yankin kogi na Neja Delta wani bel ne na bakin teku na maras kyau da ke kan iyaka da Tekun Atlantika. Yankunan mangrove sune Filayen ruwa masu tsayi waɗanda aka kafa ta hanyar tsarin reticulate na koguna masu haɗuwa da koguna na Kogin Neja. Kimanin kashi 70% na man fetur da iskar gas na Najeriya sun fito ne daga yankin. Wani bincike na nesa na duniya na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa akwai km2 sq na filayen ruwa a Najeriya, yana mai da shi ƙasa ta 27 a cikin yanayin yankin filayen ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=N.J. |last2=Phinn |first2=S.R. |last3=DeWitt |first3=M. |last4=Ferrari |first4=R. |last5=Johnston |first5=R. |last6=Lyons |first6=M.B. |last7=Clinton |first7=N. |last8=Thau |first8=D. |last9=Fuller |first9=R.A. |date=2019 |title=The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0805-8 |journal=Nature |volume=565 |issue=7738 |pages=222–225 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8 |pmid=30568300 |s2cid=56481043 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Shuke-shuke == [[File:Nigeria_veg_1979.jpg|right|thumb|Taswirar shuke-shuke na Najeriya.]] Najeriya tana rufe da nau'ikan ciyayi guda uku: gandun daji (inda akwai manyan bishiyoyi), savannahs (marasa bishiyoyi, tare da ciyawa da furanni da ke tsakanin bishiyoyi), da kuma ƙasar montane (ƙananan da aka saba da ita kuma galibi ana samun ta a cikin duwatsu kusa da iyakar Kamaru). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniel |first=Mfonobong |date=2020-09-22 |title=Vegetation Zones in Nigeria And Their Characteristics |url=https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/vegetation-zones-in-nigeria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210113329/https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/vegetation-zones-in-nigeria/ |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=Nigerian Infopedia |language=en-US}}</ref> Dukkanin yankin gandun daji da yankin savannah sun kasu kashi uku.<ref name="gai4">{{Cite web |title=The Human and Physical Characteristics of Nigeria |url=http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard4.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328172528/http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard4.html |archive-date=2010-03-28 |access-date=2007-08-13 |website=Geographical Alliance of Iowa |publisher=[[University of Northern Iowa]]}}</ref> Yankin savannah guda uku sun kasu kashi uku zuwa gandun daji-savanna mosaic na Guinea, wanda ya ƙunshi filayen ciyawa mai tsawo wanda itatuwa suka katse, mafi yawanci a duk faɗin ƙasar; Sudan savannah, tare da gajerun ciyawa da gajerar itatuwa; da [[Sahel]] savannah patches na ciyawa da yashi, wanda aka samo a arewa maso gabas.<ref name="gai4" /> === Ilimin muhalli na shuke-shuke === Najeriya tana da nau'ikan bishiyoyi da yawa, wadanda mafi yawansu 'yan asalin ne yayin da kaɗan ne masu ban sha'awa. Babban kashi na gandun daji da mutum ya yi a kasar ya mamaye nau'o'in halittu masu ban sha'awa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onefeli |first=Alfred |last2=Adesoye |first2=Peter |date=2014-06-23 |title=Early Growth Assessment of Selected Exotic and Indigenous Tree Species in Nigeria |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/123295 |journal=South-East European Forestry |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=45–51 |doi=10.15177/seefor.14-06 |issn=1847-6481 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan ya ƙare daga zaton cewa bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa suna girma da sauri. Koyaya, binciken ya kuma bincika ci gaban bishiyoyi na asali tare da na nau'o'in halittu masu ban sha'awa. Saboda yawan amfani, sauran yanayin halittu da gandun daji na farko a Najeriya an ƙuntata su ne ga wuraren da aka kare wanda ya haɗa da ajiyar halittu guda ɗaya, wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda bakwai, wurin Tarihin Duniya guda ɗaya, 12 Strict Nature Reserves (SNRs), wuraren ajiyar wasanni 32 / wuraren kare namun daji, da daruruwan wuraren ajiyar gandun daji. Wadannan sun hada da wuraren kiyayewa da yawa kamar su arboreta, lambunan botanical, lambunan zoological, da bankunan kwayoyin halitta da cibiyoyin bincike da yawa ke sarrafawa <ref name=":122">{{Cite journal |last=Kallah |first=Muh. S |last2=Bale |first2=J. O |last3=Abdullahi |first3=U. S |last4=Muhammad |first4=I. R |last5=Lawal |first5=R |date=2000-04-10 |title=Nutrient composition of native forbs of semi-arid and dry sub-humid savannas of Nigeria |journal=Animal Feed Science and Technology |language=en |volume=84 |issue=1 |pages=137–145 |doi=10.1016/S0377-8401(99)00131-5 |issn=0377-8401}}</ref> [[File:Palm-tree-plantation--at-Kwale--Delta-state--beside-OPAC-Refinery-.jpg|thumb|Shuka dabino a [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]]]] A cikin tsaunuka masu bushewa da bushewa na Yammacin Afirka, gami da Najeriya, an san nau'o'in nau'o-nau'i masu yawa musamman daga jinsunan Crotalaria, ''Alysicarpus'', ''Cassia'' da ''Ipomea'' da ake amfani da su sosai a cikin samar da dabbobi. Sau da yawa ana cire su ko yanka su kuma ana ciyar da su a matsayin sabo ko abinci mai kiyayewa. Amfani da waɗannan da sauran ganye da yawa da ke girma ta halitta a cikin yanayin gona yana da dama.<ref name=":122" /> Sauran nau'o'in da suka fito a Najeriya, gami da soya da nau'ikansa, suna aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar tushen mai da furotin a wannan yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Soybean (Glycine max) |url=https://www.iita.org/cropsnew/soybean-3/ |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=www.iita.org}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai tsire-tsire da yawa tare da dalilai na magani waɗanda ake amfani da su don taimakawa magani a cikin gabobin da yawa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan ciyayi sun hada da ''Euphorbiaceae'', wanda ke aiki da manufar taimakawa zazzabin cizon sauro, cututtukan gastrointestinal bi da bi da sauran cututtuka da yawa. Abubuwa daban-daban na damuwa kamar fari, ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa da kuma kamuwa da kwari sun ba da gudummawa ga shuke-shuke na Masara kasancewa wani ɓangare na aikin gona a wannan yankin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olaoye |first=G |date=2010-02-15 |title=Evaluation of new generations of maize streak virus (msv) resistant varieties for grain yield, agronomic potential and adaptation to a southern guinea savanna ecology of Nigeria |journal=Agro-Science |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.4314/as.v8i2.51107 |issn=1119-7455 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yayinda masana'antu ta karu, ya kuma sanya nau'ikan bishiyoyi a cikin gandun daji cikin haɗarin gurɓata iska kuma binciken ya nuna cewa a wasu sassan Najeriya, bishiyoyi sun nuna haƙuri kuma suna girma a yankunan da ke da gurɓataccen iska <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Agbaire |first=P. O. |last2=Esiefarienrhe |first2=E. |date=2009 |title=Air Pollution tolerance indices (apti) of some plants around Otorogun Gas Plant in Delta State, Nigeria. |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/55251 |journal=Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |doi=10.4314/jasem.v13i1.55251 |issn=1119-8362 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Albarkatun halitta da amfani da ƙasa == albarkatun kasa na Najeriya sun hada da amma ba a iyakance su ga [[Danyen mai|man fetur]], tin, [[columbite]], ƙarfe, kwal, dutse, gubar, [[zinc]], iskar gas, wutar lantarki, da [[Kasar da ta Dace da Noma|ƙasa mai noma]] ba. Wannan jerin manyan abubuwan [[Najeriya]] ne, abubuwan da suka fi arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri. * Yankin arewacin - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] nan da nan arewa maso yammacin garin [[Chadawa]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]]. * Gabashin Gabas - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da [[Kamaru]] nan da nan a gabashin ƙauyen [[Munyego]], [[Borno|Jihar Borno]]. * Yankin kudu - ba a san sunansa ba a kudu da garin [[Egeregere]], [[Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]]. * Yammacin Yamma - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da [[Benin|Jamhuriyar Benin]] nan da nan a gabashin garin Beninoise na [[Jabata, Nigeria|Jabata]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]]. == Dubi kuma == * ISO 3166-2:NG * [[Canjin yanayi a Najeriya]] * [[Yankunan Najeriya|Rarrabawar gudanarwa na Najeriya]] * [[Ruwa mai zafi a Najeriya]] * [[Yanayin Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ph4j5iyne6j3pvao8fz5nktno4nlb2w 968164 968029 2026-10-16T10:09:25Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara */ 968164 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{MapLibrary|Nigeria_sat.png|Nigeria}} [[File:LocationNigeria.svg|thumb|Yanayin Najeriya]]{{Databox}} {{MapLibrary|Nigeria_sat.png|Nigeria}}[[Najeriya]] ƙasa ce a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] . Yana da iyakoki ƙasa tare da Jamhuriyar [[Benin]] a yamma, [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Kamaru]] a gabas, da [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] a arewa.<ref name="nationsonline.org">{{Cite web |last=nationsonline.org |first=klaus kästle- |title=Nigeria - Country Profile - Nations Online Project |url=http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/nigeria.htm |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=www.nationsonline.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Yankin tekun yana kan [[Tekun Guinea]] a kudu kuma yana kan iyakar [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] zuwa arewa maso gabas. Shahararrun siffofin ƙasa a Najeriya sun haɗa da Adamawa Plateau, Mambilla Plateau, [[Jos Plateau]], Obudu Plateau, [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], [[Benue (kogi)|Kogin Benue]], da Neja Delta. Najeriya tana cikin [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|wurare masu zafi]], inda yanayin yake da zafi sosai kuma yana da zafi a lokacin. Najeriya tana da [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Nau'ikan yanayi]] guda huɗu; waɗannan nau'ikan yanayin suna yawanci daga kudu zuwa arewa. Babban koguna na Najeriya shine Nijar, daga inda ya sami sunansa, da Benue, babban mai ba da gudummawa ga Nijar. Matsayi mafi tsawo a kasar shine [[Chappal Waddi]] (ko Gangirwal) a mita 2,419 ko ƙafa 7,936, wanda ke cikin tsaunukan Adamawa a cikin Gashaka-Gumti Public Park, Jihar Taraba, a kan iyaka da [[Kamaru]]. <ref name="nationsonline.org" /> Babban birnin Najeriya shine Abuja, wanda ke tsakiyar kasar, yayin da Legas ita ce babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasar, cibiyar kudi da birni mafi girma. Sadarwa a cikin yaruka sune Turanci (na hukuma), [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Harshen Ibo|Ibo]], da [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Language data for Nigeria |url=https://translatorswithoutborders.org/language-data-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Translators without Borders |language=en-US}}</ref> An tantance cewa Najeriya tana da kusan tarurruka 250 daban-daban na kabilanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - Languages, Dialects, Ethnicities {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/Languages |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan yankin == ; Area :* Total: {{Convert|923,768|km2}} :** ''country rank in the world:'' 31st :* Land: {{Convert|910,770|km2}} :* Water: {{Convert|13,000|km2}} ; Yankin kwatankwacin :* Kwatanta Ostiraliya: dan kadan karami fiye da Kudancin OstiraliyaKudancin Australia :* Kwatanta Kanada: dan kadan karami fiye da [[British Columbia]] :* Kwatanta Amurka: dan kadan kasa da sau uku na girman [[New Mexico]] == Yanayi == The tropical monsoon climate,[1] designated by the Köppen climate classification as Am, is found in the southern part of the country.[2] This climate is influenced by the monsoons originating from the South Atlantic Ocean, which are brought into the country by the (maritime tropical) MT air mass, a warm moist sea-to-land seasonal wind. Its warmth and high humidity gives it a strong tendency to ascend and produce copious rainfall, which is a result of the condensation of water vapour in the rapidly rising air.[3] The tropical monsoon climate has a very small temperature range. The temperature ranges are almost constant throughout the year; for example, Warri in the southern part of Nigeria records a maximum of 28 °C (82.4 °F) for its hottest month while its lowest temperature is 26 °C (78.8 °F) in its coldest month.[4] Yankin kudancin Najeriya yana fuskantar ruwan sama mai yawa. Wadannan guguwa yawanci suna da convectional a cikin yanayi saboda kusanci da yankin zuwa belin equatorial. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da aka samu a wannan yankin yana da yawa sosai. Sassan Neja Delta suna karɓar sama da 4,000 millimeters ko 160 inci na ruwan sama na shekara-shekara, yayin da kudu maso gabas ke karɓar tsakanin 2,000 da 3,000 millimeters (80 da 120 in). Yankin kudancin Najeriya yana fuskantar ruwan sama sau biyu tare da manyan tsaunuka biyu. Lokacin ruwan sama na farko ya fara ne a watan Maris, ya ƙare a watan Yuni. Lokacin hutun watan Agusta, ɗan gajeren lokacin bushewa, ya biyo baya, ya biyo bayan ɗan gajeren ruwan sama a watan Satumba da kuma dogon lokacin bushewa a watan Oktoba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate &#124; Cometonigeria.com |url=http://www.cometonigeria.com/nigeria/climate.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511223039/http://www.cometonigeria.com/nigeria/climate.html |archive-date=2011-05-11 |access-date=2011-05-27}}</ref> [[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar rarraba yanayi ta Köppen ta Najeriya]] Yanayin savanna na wurare masu zafi, wanda ke da yanayi daban-daban na ruwan sama da bushewa, ya mamaye yamma zuwa tsakiyar Najeriya. Yana da mafi girma guda ɗaya a lokacin rani kuma yana da yanayin zafi sama da {{Convert|18|°C|1}} ° .4 ° F. Abuja, babban birnin Najeriya, yana fuskantar yanayin zafin jiki na 18.45 zuwa 36.9 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Publications |url=https://iahs.info/Publications-News/ |website=iahs.info}}</ref> Lokacin fari yana faruwa daga Disamba zuwa Maris kuma yana da zafi kuma ya bushe tare da iskar Harmattan, iska mai zafi (CT) mai cike da ƙura daga [[Sahara]], wanda ke da rinjaye a duk wannan lokacin. Tare da Yankin Haɗuwa na Intertropical da ke juyawa zuwa arewacin Yammacin Afirka daga Kudancin Hemisphere a watan Afrilu, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da ke fitowa daga girgije na pre-monsoonal galibi a cikin nau'ikan layin da aka fi sani da arewa maso gabas da aka kafa galibi sakamakon hulɗar manyan iska guda biyu a Najeriya da aka sani da na teku (kudu maso gabas), <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adedoyin, J. A. |year=1989 |title=Initiation of West African squall lines |journal=Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=99–103 |bibcode=1989MAP....41...99A |doi=10.1007/BF01043455 |s2cid=120630646}}</ref> ya fara a tsakiyar Najeriya yayin da ruwan sama mai yawa da ke rufewa zuwa kudancin Najeriya a watan Yuli, yana kawowa mai nauyi da yawa, yana rufewa mai nauyi a hankali zuwa kudancin arewacin Najeriya. Jimlar ruwan sama a tsakiyar Najeriya ya bambanta daga {{Convert|1100|mm|in|1}} in) ƙasƙanci zuwa sama da {{Convert|2000|mm|in|1}} in) tare da kudancin yammacin dutsen [[Jos Plateau]]. Yanayin zafi mai zafi (''BSh'') ya fi yawa a cikin [[Sahel]] a arewacin Najeriya. Adadin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ba shi da yawa. Lokacin ruwan sama a arewacin Najeriya yana da tsawon watanni uku zuwa hudu (Yuni zuwa Satumba). Sauran shekara tana da zafi kuma ta bushe tare da yanayin zafi yana hawa har zuwa {{Convert|40|°C|°F|1}} ° C (104.0 ° F). [[Masarautar Potiskum|Potiskum]], [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]] a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya ta rubuta mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na Najeriya na {{Convert|2.8|C|F}} ° C (37.0 ° F). Ana samun yanayin tsaunuka a yankunan tsaunuka na Najeriya. Highlands sama da mita 1,520 (4,987 sama da matakin teku suna da sanyi sosai don isa layin yanayi mai matsakaici a cikin wurare masu zafi don haka suna ba da tsaunuka, duwatsu da Yankunan tsaunuka da ke tsaye sama da wannan tsawo, yanayin dutse mai sanyi. === Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara === 8 Rainfall in the coastal belt of the Niger Delta is heavy due to the closeness of the Delta region to the equator. Annual rainfall totals vary from {{Convert|2,400|mm|in|0}} at [[Port Harcourt]] to as much as {{Convert|4,870|mm|in|0}} at [[Forcados]], a coastal town in the Niger Delta, {{Convert|4,200|mm|in|0}} at [[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]], and {{Convert|3,070|mm|in|0}} in [[Kalaba|Calabar]], the rainiest city with over one million people in Nigeria. As one moves northward and eastward, annual rainfall declines steadily to around {{Convert|650|mm|in|0}} at [[Sokoto (Birni)|Sokoto]] in the northwest and as low as {{Convert|400|mm|in|0}} in the extreme north of [[Yobe]] and [[Borno|Borno States]], which under the sweltering conditions that prevail is dry enough to be a hot arid climate ([[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen]] ''BWh''). === Iska ta kasuwanci === ==== Rashin iska na teku ==== Jirgin ruwa na wurare masu zafi (MT) yana da alhakin lokacin ruwan sama na Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography of Nigeria {{!}} Naija Motion |url=http://www.naijamotion.com/mockup/about-nigeria/geography-of-nigeria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901113246/http://www.naijamotion.com/mockup/about-nigeria/geography-of-nigeria/ |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |access-date=2022-09-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wannan iska ta fara ne a watan Fabrairu a kudancin Najeriya yayin da yake ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don iska ta rufe duk ƙasar, ta kai arewacin Najeriya a watan Yuni. Kasancewarsa sakamakon koma arewacin Harmattan ne. Komawa zuwa arewa na iska mai zafi (CT) ya haifar da canjin rana zuwa arewa daga wurare masu zafi na capricorn a kudancin kudancin zuwa wurare masu zafi nke ciwon daji a arewacin arewa. Wannan canjin yana farawa daga Fabrairu kuma yana ƙare a watan Yuni, lokacin da rana ta cika a kan zafi na ciwon daji. A lokacin wannan ƙaura zuwa arewacin rana sakamakon karkatar da ƙasa tare da axis dinta, rana ta haye ma'auni (a kusa da Maris), tana motsawa a Yammacin Afirka. Yammacin Afirka yana zuwa kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin rana a wannan lokacin. Dukan Yammacin Afirka yana da zafi sosai sakamakon karuwar rana. Yanayin zafi na iya hawa har zuwa {{Convert|35|°C|°F|1}} ° C (95.0 ° F) a Yammacin Afirka a wannan lokacin. Yanayin zafi a arewacin Najeriya na iya kaiwa sama da {{Convert|48|°C|°F|1}} ° C (118.4 ° F) a biranen kamar [[Maiduguri]]. Babban yanayin zafi da karuwar insolation suna haifar da matsin lamba a Yammacin Afirka da Najeriya tsakanin Maris da Mayu. Rashin iska na nahiyar Sahara yana raunana saboda yawan zafin ƙasa, yana haifar da yanayi ya fadada kuma ya zama mai sauƙi. Rashin iska ya koma baya, kuma hasken rana ya shiga cikin yanayin Najeriya da karfi fiye da lokacin Harmattan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2010 |title=Nigeria: Late dust (harmattan) storm covers the country (Google / AP) |url=http://desertification.wordpress.com/2010/03/25/late-dust-storm-covers-nigeria-google-ap/ |website=wordpress.com}}</ref> Rashin dumama na Yammacin Afirka ya haifar da yankin da ke da matsin lamba a Yammacin Afrika. Wannan yankin matsin lamba yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa iska mai zafi daga kudancin Atlantic. Jirgin iska na teku mai zafi yana da zafi, mai laushi kuma ba shi da kwanciyar hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Mass |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/air-mass |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org |language=en}}</ref> Ruwa na convection yana samuwa a cikin iska a duk lokacin da akwai rashin daidaituwa a cikin iska sakamakon dan kadan zuwa babban tsawo a yankunan tsaunuka kamar Obudu Plateau ko dumama ƙasar wanda zai iya haifar da samar da girgije na cumulonimbus wanda ke haifar da tsawa a cikin iska.A lokacin mamayewar iska ta teku, safiya tana da haske da rana, hasken rana na ƙasa da safe da yamma yana saita raƙuman ruwa, waɗannan raƙuman suna tashi tsaye, ana samar da girgije na cumulonimbus, kuma ruwan sama na iya faruwa da rana. Ruwa na gabas na Afirka wani babban mai ba da gudummawa ne na ruwan sama a lokacin bazara na watan Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin wannan guguwa yana canzawa a kusan digiri 15 na arewa. Raƙuman ruwa da ke wucewa kudu da wannan latitude suna ɗauke da danshi kuma suna haifar da convection wanda ke haifar da girgije.<ref>{{Cite web |last=College Park MD (SPX) |date=Jun 11, 2004 |title=EARTH OBSERVATION Researchers Seeing Double On African Monsoons |url=http://www.spacedaily.com/news/eo-04zzf.html |access-date=27 May 2011 |publisher=SPACE MEDIA NETWORK PROMOTIONS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=About the Country Nigeria |url=http://www.canuk.org.uk/aboutnigeria.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316152855/http://www.canuk.org.uk/aboutnigeria.aspx |archive-date=16 March 2011 |access-date=27 May 2011 |publisher=CANUK}}</ref> Yanayin Najeriya a cikin ɓangaren rigar gabas na raƙuman ruwa a kudu da digiri 15 na arewacin latitude yana haifar da yanayin yanayi mai laushi ga Najeriya, musamman a lokacin ruwan sama. ==== Rashin iska na nahiyar ==== Jirgin iska na wurare masu zafi, wanda aka fi sani da Harmattan, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Harmattan {{!}} Origin, Effects, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/harmattan |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> iska ce da ta samo asali daga [[Arewacin Afirka]] wanda ke haye Sahara zuwa Yammacin Afirka. Lokacin fari na Najeriya daga Disamba zuwa Maris ya mamaye iska mai ƙura mai zafi, wanda ke haifar da hazo kuma yana hana ganuwa. Ya samo asali ne a kusa da ma'auni, yana haifar da ƙura maimakon hazo. Duk da tasirinsa akan sufuri, karancin danshi yana taimaka wa manoma bushe amfanin gonar su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref> === Yanayin zafi === Lokacin Najeriya da bambancin zafin jiki an ƙayyade su ne ta hanyar ruwan sama tare da lokacin ruwan sama da lokacin fari kasancewa manyan lokutan a Najeriya. Lokacin ruwan sama na Najeriya yana kawo ɗan sanyi zuwa ƙasar sakamakon karuwar girgije wanda ke aiki a matsayin toshewar hasken rana mai ƙarfi na wurare masu zafi ta hanyar toshe yawancin hasken rana a lokacin ruwan sama (da kuma kama wasu zafi a ƙasa, yana sa ba ya sanyi sosai); wannan kuma iskõki sama da ƙasa suna da sanyi don haka suna yin sanyi a lokacin ruwan kasa. Duk da cewa yanayin zafi ya fi sanyi a lokacin ruwan sama, lokacin ruwan sama yana da karuwar zafin jiki da dare idan aka kwatanta da lokacin fari. Har ila yau, da yamma a lokacin ruwan sama na iya zama mai zafi da zafi. A lokacin ruwan sama yana da danshi, kuma ruwan sama yawanci yana da yawa. The dry season of Nigeria is a period of less cloud cover in the southern part of Nigeria to virtually no cloud cover in the northern part of Nigeria. The Sun shines through the atmosphere with little obstructions from the clear skies making the dry season in Nigeria a period of warmer weather conditions. In the middle of the dry season around December, the dust brought in by the Harmattan partially blocks the sun's rays, which lowers temperatures. But with the withdrawal of this wind around March to April following the onset of the rainy season, temperatures can go as high as {{Convert|44|°C|°F|1}} in some parts of Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Weather |url=http://www.nigeria-weather.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326173036/http://www.nigeria-weather.com/ |archive-date=2011-03-26 |access-date=2011-05-03}}</ref> Yanayin yanayi na matsakaici ya mamaye tsaunuka a [[tsakiyar Najeriya]] sama da mita 1,200 (3,937 sama da matakin teku, wato [[Jos Plateau]]. Yanayin zafi a kan tsaunin Jos yana tsakanin 16 da 25 ° C (61 da 77 ° F) wanda yake da sanyi a duk shekara. Yanayin yanayi mai sanyi yana faruwa a tsaunuka tare da iyakar Najeriya Kamaru, a gabashin Najeriya. Highlands a cikin waɗannan yankin sun kai matsakaicin tsawo fiye da {{Convert|1524|m|ft|0}} m (5,000 zuwa wasu tsaye sama da mita 2,000 (6,562 sama da matakin teku. Yanayin yanayi a kan waɗannan tsaunuka yana da matsakaici a duk shekara. Manyan tsaunuka a wannan yankin sune Obudu Plateau sama da {{Convert|1584|m|ft|0}} m (5,197 , Mambilla Plateau sama le {{Convert|1524|m|ft|0}} m (5,000 da Mt. Chappal Waddi sama da {{Convert|2000|m|ft|0}} . === Misalan === {{Weather box}}{{Weather box}}{{Weather box}}{{Weather box}}{{Weather box}} [[File:Nigeria_Topography.png|left|thumb|Yanayin Najeriya]] Yankin da ya fi girma a Najeriya shine na kwarin Neja da Benue River, waɗanda suka haɗu da juna kuma suka samar da haɗuwa mai siffar "y" a [[Lokoja]]. Filayen sun tashi zuwa arewacin kwarin. A kudu maso yammacin Nijar akwai [[Tudun kasa|tsaunuka]] masu tsawo, kuma a kudu maso gabashin tsaunuka da duwatsu na Benue suna samuwa har zuwa iyakar da Kamaru. Ana samun Filayen bakin teku a kudu maso yamma da kudu maso gabas. === Delta na Nijar === Kogin Neja yana cikin kudancin Najeriya. Yana daya daga cikin manyan koguna masu kama da fan a duniya. Yankin kogi na Neja Delta wani bel ne na bakin teku na maras kyau da ke kan iyaka da Tekun Atlantika. Yankunan mangrove sune Filayen ruwa masu tsayi waɗanda aka kafa ta hanyar tsarin reticulate na koguna masu haɗuwa da koguna na Kogin Neja. Kimanin kashi 70% na man fetur da iskar gas na Najeriya sun fito ne daga yankin. Wani bincike na nesa na duniya na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa akwai km2 sq na filayen ruwa a Najeriya, yana mai da shi ƙasa ta 27 a cikin yanayin yankin filayen ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=N.J. |last2=Phinn |first2=S.R. |last3=DeWitt |first3=M. |last4=Ferrari |first4=R. |last5=Johnston |first5=R. |last6=Lyons |first6=M.B. |last7=Clinton |first7=N. |last8=Thau |first8=D. |last9=Fuller |first9=R.A. |date=2019 |title=The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0805-8 |journal=Nature |volume=565 |issue=7738 |pages=222–225 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8 |pmid=30568300 |s2cid=56481043 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Shuke-shuke == [[File:Nigeria_veg_1979.jpg|right|thumb|Taswirar shuke-shuke na Najeriya.]] Najeriya tana rufe da nau'ikan ciyayi guda uku: gandun daji (inda akwai manyan bishiyoyi), savannahs (marasa bishiyoyi, tare da ciyawa da furanni da ke tsakanin bishiyoyi), da kuma ƙasar montane (ƙananan da aka saba da ita kuma galibi ana samun ta a cikin duwatsu kusa da iyakar Kamaru). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniel |first=Mfonobong |date=2020-09-22 |title=Vegetation Zones in Nigeria And Their Characteristics |url=https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/vegetation-zones-in-nigeria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210113329/https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/vegetation-zones-in-nigeria/ |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=Nigerian Infopedia |language=en-US}}</ref> Dukkanin yankin gandun daji da yankin savannah sun kasu kashi uku.<ref name="gai4">{{Cite web |title=The Human and Physical Characteristics of Nigeria |url=http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard4.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328172528/http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard4.html |archive-date=2010-03-28 |access-date=2007-08-13 |website=Geographical Alliance of Iowa |publisher=[[University of Northern Iowa]]}}</ref> Yankin savannah guda uku sun kasu kashi uku zuwa gandun daji-savanna mosaic na Guinea, wanda ya ƙunshi filayen ciyawa mai tsawo wanda itatuwa suka katse, mafi yawanci a duk faɗin ƙasar; Sudan savannah, tare da gajerun ciyawa da gajerar itatuwa; da [[Sahel]] savannah patches na ciyawa da yashi, wanda aka samo a arewa maso gabas.<ref name="gai4" /> === Ilimin muhalli na shuke-shuke === Najeriya tana da nau'ikan bishiyoyi da yawa, wadanda mafi yawansu 'yan asalin ne yayin da kaɗan ne masu ban sha'awa. Babban kashi na gandun daji da mutum ya yi a kasar ya mamaye nau'o'in halittu masu ban sha'awa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onefeli |first=Alfred |last2=Adesoye |first2=Peter |date=2014-06-23 |title=Early Growth Assessment of Selected Exotic and Indigenous Tree Species in Nigeria |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/123295 |journal=South-East European Forestry |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=45–51 |doi=10.15177/seefor.14-06 |issn=1847-6481 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan ya ƙare daga zaton cewa bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa suna girma da sauri. Koyaya, binciken ya kuma bincika ci gaban bishiyoyi na asali tare da na nau'o'in halittu masu ban sha'awa. Saboda yawan amfani, sauran yanayin halittu da gandun daji na farko a Najeriya an ƙuntata su ne ga wuraren da aka kare wanda ya haɗa da ajiyar halittu guda ɗaya, wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda bakwai, wurin Tarihin Duniya guda ɗaya, 12 Strict Nature Reserves (SNRs), wuraren ajiyar wasanni 32 / wuraren kare namun daji, da daruruwan wuraren ajiyar gandun daji. Wadannan sun hada da wuraren kiyayewa da yawa kamar su arboreta, lambunan botanical, lambunan zoological, da bankunan kwayoyin halitta da cibiyoyin bincike da yawa ke sarrafawa <ref name=":122">{{Cite journal |last=Kallah |first=Muh. S |last2=Bale |first2=J. O |last3=Abdullahi |first3=U. S |last4=Muhammad |first4=I. R |last5=Lawal |first5=R |date=2000-04-10 |title=Nutrient composition of native forbs of semi-arid and dry sub-humid savannas of Nigeria |journal=Animal Feed Science and Technology |language=en |volume=84 |issue=1 |pages=137–145 |doi=10.1016/S0377-8401(99)00131-5 |issn=0377-8401}}</ref> [[File:Palm-tree-plantation--at-Kwale--Delta-state--beside-OPAC-Refinery-.jpg|thumb|Shuka dabino a [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]]]] A cikin tsaunuka masu bushewa da bushewa na Yammacin Afirka, gami da Najeriya, an san nau'o'in nau'o-nau'i masu yawa musamman daga jinsunan Crotalaria, ''Alysicarpus'', ''Cassia'' da ''Ipomea'' da ake amfani da su sosai a cikin samar da dabbobi. Sau da yawa ana cire su ko yanka su kuma ana ciyar da su a matsayin sabo ko abinci mai kiyayewa. Amfani da waɗannan da sauran ganye da yawa da ke girma ta halitta a cikin yanayin gona yana da dama.<ref name=":122" /> Sauran nau'o'in da suka fito a Najeriya, gami da soya da nau'ikansa, suna aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar tushen mai da furotin a wannan yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Soybean (Glycine max) |url=https://www.iita.org/cropsnew/soybean-3/ |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=www.iita.org}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai tsire-tsire da yawa tare da dalilai na magani waɗanda ake amfani da su don taimakawa magani a cikin gabobin da yawa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan ciyayi sun hada da ''Euphorbiaceae'', wanda ke aiki da manufar taimakawa zazzabin cizon sauro, cututtukan gastrointestinal bi da bi da sauran cututtuka da yawa. Abubuwa daban-daban na damuwa kamar fari, ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa da kuma kamuwa da kwari sun ba da gudummawa ga shuke-shuke na Masara kasancewa wani ɓangare na aikin gona a wannan yankin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olaoye |first=G |date=2010-02-15 |title=Evaluation of new generations of maize streak virus (msv) resistant varieties for grain yield, agronomic potential and adaptation to a southern guinea savanna ecology of Nigeria |journal=Agro-Science |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.4314/as.v8i2.51107 |issn=1119-7455 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yayinda masana'antu ta karu, ya kuma sanya nau'ikan bishiyoyi a cikin gandun daji cikin haɗarin gurɓata iska kuma binciken ya nuna cewa a wasu sassan Najeriya, bishiyoyi sun nuna haƙuri kuma suna girma a yankunan da ke da gurɓataccen iska <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Agbaire |first=P. O. |last2=Esiefarienrhe |first2=E. |date=2009 |title=Air Pollution tolerance indices (apti) of some plants around Otorogun Gas Plant in Delta State, Nigeria. |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/55251 |journal=Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |doi=10.4314/jasem.v13i1.55251 |issn=1119-8362 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Albarkatun halitta da amfani da ƙasa == albarkatun kasa na Najeriya sun hada da amma ba a iyakance su ga [[Danyen mai|man fetur]], tin, [[columbite]], ƙarfe, kwal, dutse, gubar, [[zinc]], iskar gas, wutar lantarki, da [[Kasar da ta Dace da Noma|ƙasa mai noma]] ba. Wannan jerin manyan abubuwan [[Najeriya]] ne, abubuwan da suka fi arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri. * Yankin arewacin - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] nan da nan arewa maso yammacin garin [[Chadawa]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]]. * Gabashin Gabas - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da [[Kamaru]] nan da nan a gabashin ƙauyen [[Munyego]], [[Borno|Jihar Borno]]. * Yankin kudu - ba a san sunansa ba a kudu da garin [[Egeregere]], [[Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]]. * Yammacin Yamma - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da [[Benin|Jamhuriyar Benin]] nan da nan a gabashin garin Beninoise na [[Jabata, Nigeria|Jabata]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]]. == Dubi kuma == * ISO 3166-2:NG * [[Canjin yanayi a Najeriya]] * [[Yankunan Najeriya|Rarrabawar gudanarwa na Najeriya]] * [[Ruwa mai zafi a Najeriya]] * [[Yanayin Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0x3vaecnw01mbzvm7vo69rs64rvafyy 968166 968164 2026-10-16T10:10:14Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Shuke-shuke */ 968166 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{MapLibrary|Nigeria_sat.png|Nigeria}} [[File:LocationNigeria.svg|thumb|Yanayin Najeriya]]{{Databox}} {{MapLibrary|Nigeria_sat.png|Nigeria}}[[Najeriya]] ƙasa ce a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] . Yana da iyakoki ƙasa tare da Jamhuriyar [[Benin]] a yamma, [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Kamaru]] a gabas, da [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] a arewa.<ref name="nationsonline.org">{{Cite web |last=nationsonline.org |first=klaus kästle- |title=Nigeria - Country Profile - Nations Online Project |url=http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/nigeria.htm |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=www.nationsonline.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Yankin tekun yana kan [[Tekun Guinea]] a kudu kuma yana kan iyakar [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] zuwa arewa maso gabas. Shahararrun siffofin ƙasa a Najeriya sun haɗa da Adamawa Plateau, Mambilla Plateau, [[Jos Plateau]], Obudu Plateau, [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], [[Benue (kogi)|Kogin Benue]], da Neja Delta. Najeriya tana cikin [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|wurare masu zafi]], inda yanayin yake da zafi sosai kuma yana da zafi a lokacin. Najeriya tana da [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Nau'ikan yanayi]] guda huɗu; waɗannan nau'ikan yanayin suna yawanci daga kudu zuwa arewa. Babban koguna na Najeriya shine Nijar, daga inda ya sami sunansa, da Benue, babban mai ba da gudummawa ga Nijar. Matsayi mafi tsawo a kasar shine [[Chappal Waddi]] (ko Gangirwal) a mita 2,419 ko ƙafa 7,936, wanda ke cikin tsaunukan Adamawa a cikin Gashaka-Gumti Public Park, Jihar Taraba, a kan iyaka da [[Kamaru]]. <ref name="nationsonline.org" /> Babban birnin Najeriya shine Abuja, wanda ke tsakiyar kasar, yayin da Legas ita ce babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasar, cibiyar kudi da birni mafi girma. Sadarwa a cikin yaruka sune Turanci (na hukuma), [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Harshen Ibo|Ibo]], da [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Language data for Nigeria |url=https://translatorswithoutborders.org/language-data-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Translators without Borders |language=en-US}}</ref> An tantance cewa Najeriya tana da kusan tarurruka 250 daban-daban na kabilanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - Languages, Dialects, Ethnicities {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/Languages |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan yankin == ; Area :* Total: {{Convert|923,768|km2}} :** ''country rank in the world:'' 31st :* Land: {{Convert|910,770|km2}} :* Water: {{Convert|13,000|km2}} ; Yankin kwatankwacin :* Kwatanta Ostiraliya: dan kadan karami fiye da Kudancin OstiraliyaKudancin Australia :* Kwatanta Kanada: dan kadan karami fiye da [[British Columbia]] :* Kwatanta Amurka: dan kadan kasa da sau uku na girman [[New Mexico]] == Yanayi == The tropical monsoon climate,[1] designated by the Köppen climate classification as Am, is found in the southern part of the country.[2] This climate is influenced by the monsoons originating from the South Atlantic Ocean, which are brought into the country by the (maritime tropical) MT air mass, a warm moist sea-to-land seasonal wind. Its warmth and high humidity gives it a strong tendency to ascend and produce copious rainfall, which is a result of the condensation of water vapour in the rapidly rising air.[3] The tropical monsoon climate has a very small temperature range. The temperature ranges are almost constant throughout the year; for example, Warri in the southern part of Nigeria records a maximum of 28 °C (82.4 °F) for its hottest month while its lowest temperature is 26 °C (78.8 °F) in its coldest month.[4] Yankin kudancin Najeriya yana fuskantar ruwan sama mai yawa. Wadannan guguwa yawanci suna da convectional a cikin yanayi saboda kusanci da yankin zuwa belin equatorial. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da aka samu a wannan yankin yana da yawa sosai. Sassan Neja Delta suna karɓar sama da 4,000 millimeters ko 160 inci na ruwan sama na shekara-shekara, yayin da kudu maso gabas ke karɓar tsakanin 2,000 da 3,000 millimeters (80 da 120 in). Yankin kudancin Najeriya yana fuskantar ruwan sama sau biyu tare da manyan tsaunuka biyu. Lokacin ruwan sama na farko ya fara ne a watan Maris, ya ƙare a watan Yuni. Lokacin hutun watan Agusta, ɗan gajeren lokacin bushewa, ya biyo baya, ya biyo bayan ɗan gajeren ruwan sama a watan Satumba da kuma dogon lokacin bushewa a watan Oktoba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate &#124; Cometonigeria.com |url=http://www.cometonigeria.com/nigeria/climate.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511223039/http://www.cometonigeria.com/nigeria/climate.html |archive-date=2011-05-11 |access-date=2011-05-27}}</ref> [[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar rarraba yanayi ta Köppen ta Najeriya]] Yanayin savanna na wurare masu zafi, wanda ke da yanayi daban-daban na ruwan sama da bushewa, ya mamaye yamma zuwa tsakiyar Najeriya. Yana da mafi girma guda ɗaya a lokacin rani kuma yana da yanayin zafi sama da {{Convert|18|°C|1}} ° .4 ° F. Abuja, babban birnin Najeriya, yana fuskantar yanayin zafin jiki na 18.45 zuwa 36.9 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Publications |url=https://iahs.info/Publications-News/ |website=iahs.info}}</ref> Lokacin fari yana faruwa daga Disamba zuwa Maris kuma yana da zafi kuma ya bushe tare da iskar Harmattan, iska mai zafi (CT) mai cike da ƙura daga [[Sahara]], wanda ke da rinjaye a duk wannan lokacin. Tare da Yankin Haɗuwa na Intertropical da ke juyawa zuwa arewacin Yammacin Afirka daga Kudancin Hemisphere a watan Afrilu, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da ke fitowa daga girgije na pre-monsoonal galibi a cikin nau'ikan layin da aka fi sani da arewa maso gabas da aka kafa galibi sakamakon hulɗar manyan iska guda biyu a Najeriya da aka sani da na teku (kudu maso gabas), <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adedoyin, J. A. |year=1989 |title=Initiation of West African squall lines |journal=Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=99–103 |bibcode=1989MAP....41...99A |doi=10.1007/BF01043455 |s2cid=120630646}}</ref> ya fara a tsakiyar Najeriya yayin da ruwan sama mai yawa da ke rufewa zuwa kudancin Najeriya a watan Yuli, yana kawowa mai nauyi da yawa, yana rufewa mai nauyi a hankali zuwa kudancin arewacin Najeriya. Jimlar ruwan sama a tsakiyar Najeriya ya bambanta daga {{Convert|1100|mm|in|1}} in) ƙasƙanci zuwa sama da {{Convert|2000|mm|in|1}} in) tare da kudancin yammacin dutsen [[Jos Plateau]]. Yanayin zafi mai zafi (''BSh'') ya fi yawa a cikin [[Sahel]] a arewacin Najeriya. Adadin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ba shi da yawa. Lokacin ruwan sama a arewacin Najeriya yana da tsawon watanni uku zuwa hudu (Yuni zuwa Satumba). Sauran shekara tana da zafi kuma ta bushe tare da yanayin zafi yana hawa har zuwa {{Convert|40|°C|°F|1}} ° C (104.0 ° F). [[Masarautar Potiskum|Potiskum]], [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]] a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya ta rubuta mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na Najeriya na {{Convert|2.8|C|F}} ° C (37.0 ° F). Ana samun yanayin tsaunuka a yankunan tsaunuka na Najeriya. Highlands sama da mita 1,520 (4,987 sama da matakin teku suna da sanyi sosai don isa layin yanayi mai matsakaici a cikin wurare masu zafi don haka suna ba da tsaunuka, duwatsu da Yankunan tsaunuka da ke tsaye sama da wannan tsawo, yanayin dutse mai sanyi. === Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara === 8 Rainfall in the coastal belt of the Niger Delta is heavy due to the closeness of the Delta region to the equator. Annual rainfall totals vary from {{Convert|2,400|mm|in|0}} at [[Port Harcourt]] to as much as {{Convert|4,870|mm|in|0}} at [[Forcados]], a coastal town in the Niger Delta, {{Convert|4,200|mm|in|0}} at [[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]], and {{Convert|3,070|mm|in|0}} in [[Kalaba|Calabar]], the rainiest city with over one million people in Nigeria. As one moves northward and eastward, annual rainfall declines steadily to around {{Convert|650|mm|in|0}} at [[Sokoto (Birni)|Sokoto]] in the northwest and as low as {{Convert|400|mm|in|0}} in the extreme north of [[Yobe]] and [[Borno|Borno States]], which under the sweltering conditions that prevail is dry enough to be a hot arid climate ([[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen]] ''BWh''). === Iska ta kasuwanci === ==== Rashin iska na teku ==== Jirgin ruwa na wurare masu zafi (MT) yana da alhakin lokacin ruwan sama na Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography of Nigeria {{!}} Naija Motion |url=http://www.naijamotion.com/mockup/about-nigeria/geography-of-nigeria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901113246/http://www.naijamotion.com/mockup/about-nigeria/geography-of-nigeria/ |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |access-date=2022-09-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wannan iska ta fara ne a watan Fabrairu a kudancin Najeriya yayin da yake ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don iska ta rufe duk ƙasar, ta kai arewacin Najeriya a watan Yuni. Kasancewarsa sakamakon koma arewacin Harmattan ne. Komawa zuwa arewa na iska mai zafi (CT) ya haifar da canjin rana zuwa arewa daga wurare masu zafi na capricorn a kudancin kudancin zuwa wurare masu zafi nke ciwon daji a arewacin arewa. Wannan canjin yana farawa daga Fabrairu kuma yana ƙare a watan Yuni, lokacin da rana ta cika a kan zafi na ciwon daji. A lokacin wannan ƙaura zuwa arewacin rana sakamakon karkatar da ƙasa tare da axis dinta, rana ta haye ma'auni (a kusa da Maris), tana motsawa a Yammacin Afirka. Yammacin Afirka yana zuwa kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin rana a wannan lokacin. Dukan Yammacin Afirka yana da zafi sosai sakamakon karuwar rana. Yanayin zafi na iya hawa har zuwa {{Convert|35|°C|°F|1}} ° C (95.0 ° F) a Yammacin Afirka a wannan lokacin. Yanayin zafi a arewacin Najeriya na iya kaiwa sama da {{Convert|48|°C|°F|1}} ° C (118.4 ° F) a biranen kamar [[Maiduguri]]. Babban yanayin zafi da karuwar insolation suna haifar da matsin lamba a Yammacin Afirka da Najeriya tsakanin Maris da Mayu. Rashin iska na nahiyar Sahara yana raunana saboda yawan zafin ƙasa, yana haifar da yanayi ya fadada kuma ya zama mai sauƙi. Rashin iska ya koma baya, kuma hasken rana ya shiga cikin yanayin Najeriya da karfi fiye da lokacin Harmattan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2010 |title=Nigeria: Late dust (harmattan) storm covers the country (Google / AP) |url=http://desertification.wordpress.com/2010/03/25/late-dust-storm-covers-nigeria-google-ap/ |website=wordpress.com}}</ref> Rashin dumama na Yammacin Afirka ya haifar da yankin da ke da matsin lamba a Yammacin Afrika. Wannan yankin matsin lamba yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa iska mai zafi daga kudancin Atlantic. Jirgin iska na teku mai zafi yana da zafi, mai laushi kuma ba shi da kwanciyar hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Mass |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/air-mass |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org |language=en}}</ref> Ruwa na convection yana samuwa a cikin iska a duk lokacin da akwai rashin daidaituwa a cikin iska sakamakon dan kadan zuwa babban tsawo a yankunan tsaunuka kamar Obudu Plateau ko dumama ƙasar wanda zai iya haifar da samar da girgije na cumulonimbus wanda ke haifar da tsawa a cikin iska.A lokacin mamayewar iska ta teku, safiya tana da haske da rana, hasken rana na ƙasa da safe da yamma yana saita raƙuman ruwa, waɗannan raƙuman suna tashi tsaye, ana samar da girgije na cumulonimbus, kuma ruwan sama na iya faruwa da rana. Ruwa na gabas na Afirka wani babban mai ba da gudummawa ne na ruwan sama a lokacin bazara na watan Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin wannan guguwa yana canzawa a kusan digiri 15 na arewa. Raƙuman ruwa da ke wucewa kudu da wannan latitude suna ɗauke da danshi kuma suna haifar da convection wanda ke haifar da girgije.<ref>{{Cite web |last=College Park MD (SPX) |date=Jun 11, 2004 |title=EARTH OBSERVATION Researchers Seeing Double On African Monsoons |url=http://www.spacedaily.com/news/eo-04zzf.html |access-date=27 May 2011 |publisher=SPACE MEDIA NETWORK PROMOTIONS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=About the Country Nigeria |url=http://www.canuk.org.uk/aboutnigeria.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316152855/http://www.canuk.org.uk/aboutnigeria.aspx |archive-date=16 March 2011 |access-date=27 May 2011 |publisher=CANUK}}</ref> Yanayin Najeriya a cikin ɓangaren rigar gabas na raƙuman ruwa a kudu da digiri 15 na arewacin latitude yana haifar da yanayin yanayi mai laushi ga Najeriya, musamman a lokacin ruwan sama. ==== Rashin iska na nahiyar ==== Jirgin iska na wurare masu zafi, wanda aka fi sani da Harmattan, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Harmattan {{!}} Origin, Effects, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/harmattan |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> iska ce da ta samo asali daga [[Arewacin Afirka]] wanda ke haye Sahara zuwa Yammacin Afirka. Lokacin fari na Najeriya daga Disamba zuwa Maris ya mamaye iska mai ƙura mai zafi, wanda ke haifar da hazo kuma yana hana ganuwa. Ya samo asali ne a kusa da ma'auni, yana haifar da ƙura maimakon hazo. Duk da tasirinsa akan sufuri, karancin danshi yana taimaka wa manoma bushe amfanin gonar su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref> === Yanayin zafi === Lokacin Najeriya da bambancin zafin jiki an ƙayyade su ne ta hanyar ruwan sama tare da lokacin ruwan sama da lokacin fari kasancewa manyan lokutan a Najeriya. Lokacin ruwan sama na Najeriya yana kawo ɗan sanyi zuwa ƙasar sakamakon karuwar girgije wanda ke aiki a matsayin toshewar hasken rana mai ƙarfi na wurare masu zafi ta hanyar toshe yawancin hasken rana a lokacin ruwan sama (da kuma kama wasu zafi a ƙasa, yana sa ba ya sanyi sosai); wannan kuma iskõki sama da ƙasa suna da sanyi don haka suna yin sanyi a lokacin ruwan kasa. Duk da cewa yanayin zafi ya fi sanyi a lokacin ruwan sama, lokacin ruwan sama yana da karuwar zafin jiki da dare idan aka kwatanta da lokacin fari. Har ila yau, da yamma a lokacin ruwan sama na iya zama mai zafi da zafi. A lokacin ruwan sama yana da danshi, kuma ruwan sama yawanci yana da yawa. The dry season of Nigeria is a period of less cloud cover in the southern part of Nigeria to virtually no cloud cover in the northern part of Nigeria. The Sun shines through the atmosphere with little obstructions from the clear skies making the dry season in Nigeria a period of warmer weather conditions. In the middle of the dry season around December, the dust brought in by the Harmattan partially blocks the sun's rays, which lowers temperatures. But with the withdrawal of this wind around March to April following the onset of the rainy season, temperatures can go as high as {{Convert|44|°C|°F|1}} in some parts of Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Weather |url=http://www.nigeria-weather.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326173036/http://www.nigeria-weather.com/ |archive-date=2011-03-26 |access-date=2011-05-03}}</ref> Yanayin yanayi na matsakaici ya mamaye tsaunuka a [[tsakiyar Najeriya]] sama da mita 1,200 (3,937 sama da matakin teku, wato [[Jos Plateau]]. Yanayin zafi a kan tsaunin Jos yana tsakanin 16 da 25 ° C (61 da 77 ° F) wanda yake da sanyi a duk shekara. Yanayin yanayi mai sanyi yana faruwa a tsaunuka tare da iyakar Najeriya Kamaru, a gabashin Najeriya. Highlands a cikin waɗannan yankin sun kai matsakaicin tsawo fiye da {{Convert|1524|m|ft|0}} m (5,000 zuwa wasu tsaye sama da mita 2,000 (6,562 sama da matakin teku. Yanayin yanayi a kan waɗannan tsaunuka yana da matsakaici a duk shekara. Manyan tsaunuka a wannan yankin sune Obudu Plateau sama da {{Convert|1584|m|ft|0}} m (5,197 , Mambilla Plateau sama le {{Convert|1524|m|ft|0}} m (5,000 da Mt. Chappal Waddi sama da {{Convert|2000|m|ft|0}} . === Misalan === {{Weather box}}{{Weather box}}{{Weather box}}{{Weather box}}{{Weather box}} [[File:Nigeria_Topography.png|left|thumb|Yanayin Najeriya]] Yankin da ya fi girma a Najeriya shine na kwarin Neja da Benue River, waɗanda suka haɗu da juna kuma suka samar da haɗuwa mai siffar "y" a [[Lokoja]]. Filayen sun tashi zuwa arewacin kwarin. A kudu maso yammacin Nijar akwai [[Tudun kasa|tsaunuka]] masu tsawo, kuma a kudu maso gabashin tsaunuka da duwatsu na Benue suna samuwa har zuwa iyakar da Kamaru. Ana samun Filayen bakin teku a kudu maso yamma da kudu maso gabas. === Delta na Nijar === Kogin Neja yana cikin kudancin Najeriya. Yana daya daga cikin manyan koguna masu kama da fan a duniya. Yankin kogi na Neja Delta wani bel ne na bakin teku na maras kyau da ke kan iyaka da Tekun Atlantika. Yankunan mangrove sune Filayen ruwa masu tsayi waɗanda aka kafa ta hanyar tsarin reticulate na koguna masu haɗuwa da koguna na Kogin Neja. Kimanin kashi 70% na man fetur da iskar gas na Najeriya sun fito ne daga yankin. Wani bincike na nesa na duniya na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa akwai km2 sq na filayen ruwa a Najeriya, yana mai da shi ƙasa ta 27 a cikin yanayin yankin filayen ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=N.J. |last2=Phinn |first2=S.R. |last3=DeWitt |first3=M. |last4=Ferrari |first4=R. |last5=Johnston |first5=R. |last6=Lyons |first6=M.B. |last7=Clinton |first7=N. |last8=Thau |first8=D. |last9=Fuller |first9=R.A. |date=2019 |title=The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0805-8 |journal=Nature |volume=565 |issue=7738 |pages=222–225 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8 |pmid=30568300 |s2cid=56481043 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Shuke-shuke == [[File:Nigeria_veg_1979.jpg|right|thumb|Taswirar shuke-shuke na Najeriya.]] Najeriya tana rufe da nau'ikan ciyayi guda uku(3): gandun daji (inda akwai manyan bishiyoyi), savannahs (marasa bishiyoyi, tare da ciyawa da furanni da ke tsakanin bishiyoyi), da kuma ƙasar montane (ƙananan da aka saba da ita kuma galibi ana samun ta a cikin duwatsu kusa da iyakar Kamaru). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniel |first=Mfonobong |date=2020-09-22 |title=Vegetation Zones in Nigeria And Their Characteristics |url=https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/vegetation-zones-in-nigeria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210113329/https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/vegetation-zones-in-nigeria/ |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=Nigerian Infopedia |language=en-US}}</ref> Dukkanin yankin gandun daji da yankin savannah sun kasu kashi uku.<ref name="gai4">{{Cite web |title=The Human and Physical Characteristics of Nigeria |url=http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard4.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328172528/http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard4.html |archive-date=2010-03-28 |access-date=2007-08-13 |website=Geographical Alliance of Iowa |publisher=[[University of Northern Iowa]]}}</ref> Yankin savannah guda uku sun kasu kashi uku zuwa gandun daji-savanna mosaic na Guinea, wanda ya ƙunshi filayen ciyawa mai tsawo wanda itatuwa suka katse, mafi yawanci a duk faɗin ƙasar; Sudan savannah, tare da gajerun ciyawa da gajerar itatuwa; da [[Sahel]] savannah patches na ciyawa da yashi, wanda aka samo a arewa maso gabas.<ref name="gai4" /> === Ilimin muhalli na shuke-shuke === Najeriya tana da nau'ikan bishiyoyi da yawa, wadanda mafi yawansu 'yan asalin ne yayin da kaɗan ne masu ban sha'awa. Babban kashi na gandun daji da mutum ya yi a kasar ya mamaye nau'o'in halittu masu ban sha'awa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onefeli |first=Alfred |last2=Adesoye |first2=Peter |date=2014-06-23 |title=Early Growth Assessment of Selected Exotic and Indigenous Tree Species in Nigeria |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/123295 |journal=South-East European Forestry |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=45–51 |doi=10.15177/seefor.14-06 |issn=1847-6481 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan ya ƙare daga zaton cewa bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa suna girma da sauri. Koyaya, binciken ya kuma bincika ci gaban bishiyoyi na asali tare da na nau'o'in halittu masu ban sha'awa. Saboda yawan amfani, sauran yanayin halittu da gandun daji na farko a Najeriya an ƙuntata su ne ga wuraren da aka kare wanda ya haɗa da ajiyar halittu guda ɗaya, wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda bakwai, wurin Tarihin Duniya guda ɗaya, 12 Strict Nature Reserves (SNRs), wuraren ajiyar wasanni 32 / wuraren kare namun daji, da daruruwan wuraren ajiyar gandun daji. Wadannan sun hada da wuraren kiyayewa da yawa kamar su arboreta, lambunan botanical, lambunan zoological, da bankunan kwayoyin halitta da cibiyoyin bincike da yawa ke sarrafawa <ref name=":122">{{Cite journal |last=Kallah |first=Muh. S |last2=Bale |first2=J. O |last3=Abdullahi |first3=U. S |last4=Muhammad |first4=I. R |last5=Lawal |first5=R |date=2000-04-10 |title=Nutrient composition of native forbs of semi-arid and dry sub-humid savannas of Nigeria |journal=Animal Feed Science and Technology |language=en |volume=84 |issue=1 |pages=137–145 |doi=10.1016/S0377-8401(99)00131-5 |issn=0377-8401}}</ref> [[File:Palm-tree-plantation--at-Kwale--Delta-state--beside-OPAC-Refinery-.jpg|thumb|Shuka dabino a [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]]]] A cikin tsaunuka masu bushewa da bushewa na Yammacin Afirka, gami da Najeriya, an san nau'o'in nau'o-nau'i masu yawa musamman daga jinsunan Crotalaria, ''Alysicarpus'', ''Cassia'' da ''Ipomea'' da ake amfani da su sosai a cikin samar da dabbobi. Sau da yawa ana cire su ko yanka su kuma ana ciyar da su a matsayin sabo ko abinci mai kiyayewa. Amfani da waɗannan da sauran ganye da yawa da ke girma ta halitta a cikin yanayin gona yana da dama.<ref name=":122" /> Sauran nau'o'in da suka fito a Najeriya, gami da soya da nau'ikansa, suna aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar tushen mai da furotin a wannan yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Soybean (Glycine max) |url=https://www.iita.org/cropsnew/soybean-3/ |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=www.iita.org}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai tsire-tsire da yawa tare da dalilai na magani waɗanda ake amfani da su don taimakawa magani a cikin gabobin da yawa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan ciyayi sun hada da ''Euphorbiaceae'', wanda ke aiki da manufar taimakawa zazzabin cizon sauro, cututtukan gastrointestinal bi da bi da sauran cututtuka da yawa. Abubuwa daban-daban na damuwa kamar fari, ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa da kuma kamuwa da kwari sun ba da gudummawa ga shuke-shuke na Masara kasancewa wani ɓangare na aikin gona a wannan yankin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olaoye |first=G |date=2010-02-15 |title=Evaluation of new generations of maize streak virus (msv) resistant varieties for grain yield, agronomic potential and adaptation to a southern guinea savanna ecology of Nigeria |journal=Agro-Science |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.4314/as.v8i2.51107 |issn=1119-7455 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yayinda masana'antu ta karu, ya kuma sanya nau'ikan bishiyoyi a cikin gandun daji cikin haɗarin gurɓata iska kuma binciken ya nuna cewa a wasu sassan Najeriya, bishiyoyi sun nuna haƙuri kuma suna girma a yankunan da ke da gurɓataccen iska <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Agbaire |first=P. O. |last2=Esiefarienrhe |first2=E. |date=2009 |title=Air Pollution tolerance indices (apti) of some plants around Otorogun Gas Plant in Delta State, Nigeria. |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/55251 |journal=Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |doi=10.4314/jasem.v13i1.55251 |issn=1119-8362 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Albarkatun halitta da amfani da ƙasa == albarkatun kasa na Najeriya sun hada da amma ba a iyakance su ga [[Danyen mai|man fetur]], tin, [[columbite]], ƙarfe, kwal, dutse, gubar, [[zinc]], iskar gas, wutar lantarki, da [[Kasar da ta Dace da Noma|ƙasa mai noma]] ba. Wannan jerin manyan abubuwan [[Najeriya]] ne, abubuwan da suka fi arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri. * Yankin arewacin - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] nan da nan arewa maso yammacin garin [[Chadawa]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]]. * Gabashin Gabas - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da [[Kamaru]] nan da nan a gabashin ƙauyen [[Munyego]], [[Borno|Jihar Borno]]. * Yankin kudu - ba a san sunansa ba a kudu da garin [[Egeregere]], [[Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]]. * Yammacin Yamma - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da [[Benin|Jamhuriyar Benin]] nan da nan a gabashin garin Beninoise na [[Jabata, Nigeria|Jabata]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]]. == Dubi kuma == * ISO 3166-2:NG * [[Canjin yanayi a Najeriya]] * [[Yankunan Najeriya|Rarrabawar gudanarwa na Najeriya]] * [[Ruwa mai zafi a Najeriya]] * [[Yanayin Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jp2t0hhwcdpode756oc0qxs3azg6u59 0 46070 968041 240913 2026-10-16T01:00:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Neil Clarkson Johnson''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Janairun 1970), tsohon [[Kurket|ɗan wasan kurket]] ne na ƙasar Zimbabwe wanda ya buga wasannin gwaji 13 da 48 Day One Internationals tsakanin shekarar 1998 da 2000. Duk mai zagayawa, ya buga hannun dama mai sauri-matsakaici kuma ya taka leda a tsaka-tsaki a gasanni na gwaji a matsayin ɗan jemage na hannun hagu. Yakan buɗe batting a wasan kurket na kwana ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Neil Johnson Profile - ICC Ranking, Age, Career Info & Stats|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/3441/neil-johnson|access-date=2022-01-27|website=Cricbuzz|language=en}}</ref> Duk da cewa ya buga wa Zimbabwe wasa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, ya ba da gudummawa sosai da jemage da kwallo a cikin mawuyacin hali na wasa. Ya kasance sau da yawa yana ceto Zimbabwe daga mawuyacin hali don daidaita matsayin nasara tare da wannan wasan zagaye na biyu. A cikin gajeriyar aikinsa na ƙasa da ƙasa, ya yi tasiri a matsayin basman buɗe baki da kuma a matsayin mai kai hari cikin sauri. Ya kasance memba na musamman na ɓangaren ODI na Zimbabwe a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. Aikinsa ya katse saboda siyasar cikin gida ta Zimbabwe. Ya yi ritaya daga kowane nau'i na cricket a cikin shekarar 2004 yana da shekaru 34.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-24|title=Neil Johnson: Seven interesting things to know about the former Zimbabwean all-rounder|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/criclife/neil-johnson-seven-interesting-things-to-know-about-the-former-zimbabwean-all-rounder-512030|access-date=2022-01-27|website=Cricket Country|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072710/https://www.cricketcountry.com/criclife/neil-johnson-seven-interesting-things-to-know-about-the-former-zimbabwean-all-rounder-512030|archive-date=2022-01-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Neil Johnson at ESPNcricinfo [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1970]] 0e3bycla8a7mrpaqx8hnwkmgfvbc37w 0 46162 967860 509611 2026-10-15T15:23:55Z Marwan Bello 31239 /* */ added Citation 967860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} '''Algearagi''' Abincin hausawane da ake yin shi da alkama,sannan a soya cikin mai kamar yanda ake soya fanke.Ana yin shi a lokacin bikukuwa da yawa kamart irinsu bikin suna da kuma bikin haihuwa ko kuma bikin sallah.Ana yin shi aci da miyar alayyahu ko miyar gyada ko kuma [[miyar taushe]].Da yawa hausawa suna yin algaragine a lokacin bikukuwa saboda yana daga cikin abincin da mutanen hausawa suke maramari saboda abincin aládar bahaushe ne.Algaragi yana daga cikin abincin da yake gina jiki saboda da alkama ake yinshi. ji5i5780ww3x6v87ltiy83hhy3w0eq7 967861 967860 2026-10-15T15:24:28Z Marwan Bello 31239 /* */ added Citation 967861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} '''Algearagi''' Abincin hausawane da ake yin shi da alkama,sannan a soya cikin mai kamar yanda ake soya fanke.Ana yin shi a lokacin bikukuwa da yawa kamart irinsu bikin suna da kuma bikin haihuwa ko kuma bikin sallah.Ana yin shi aci da miyar alayyahu ko miyar gyada ko kuma [[miyar taushe]].Da yawa hausawa suna yin algaragine a lokacin bikukuwa saboda yana daga cikin abincin da mutanen hausawa suke maramari saboda abincin aládar bahaushe ne.Algaragi yana daga cikin abincin da yake gina jiki saboda da [[alkama]] ake yinshi. a59cqtztcpm6uieqntov3rczkjed7wh 967862 967861 2026-10-15T15:24:55Z Marwan Bello 31239 /* */ added Citation 967862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} '''Algearagi''' Abincin hausawane da ake yin shi da alkama,sannan a soya cikin mai kamar yanda ake soya fanke.Ana yin shi a lokacin bikukuwa da yawa kamart irinsu bikin suna da kuma bikin haihuwa ko kuma bikin sallah.Ana yin shi aci da miyar alayyahu ko miyar gyada ko kuma [[miyar taushe]].Da yawa hausawa suna yin algaragine a lokacin bikukuwa saboda yana daga cikin abincin da mutanen [[hausawa]] suke maramari saboda abincin aládar bahaushe ne.Algaragi yana daga cikin abincin da yake gina jiki saboda da [[alkama]] ake yinshi. opo9ej3myeehnums905vasmzktl7kkq 967864 967862 2026-10-15T15:26:56Z Marwan Bello 31239 /* */ edit 967864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} '''Algearagi''' Abincin hausawane da ake yin shi da alkama,sannan a soya cikin mai kamar yanda ake soya fanke.Ana yin shi a lokacin bikukuwa da yawa kamar irinsu bikin suna da kuma bikin haihuwa ko kuma bikin sallah.Ana yin shi aci da miyar alayyahu ko miyar gyada ko kuma [[miyar taushe]].Da yawa hausawa suna yin algaragine a lokacin bikukuwa saboda yana daga cikin abincin da mutanen [[hausawa]] suke maramari saboda abincin aládar bahaushe ne.Algaragi yana daga cikin abincin da yake gina jiki saboda da [[alkama]] ake yinshi. gudw98nny9mm7xmrdkgo0t4w7udyhpr 967865 967864 2026-10-15T15:27:37Z Marwan Bello 31239 /* */ edit 967865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} '''Algearagi''' Abincin hausawane da ake yin shi da alkama,sannan a soya cikin mai kamar yanda ake soya fanke.Ana yin shi a lokacin bikukuwa da yawa kamar irinsu bikin suna da kuma bikin haihuwa ko kuma bikin sallah.Ana yin shi aci da miyar alayyahu ko miyar gyada ko kuma [[miyar taushe]].Da yawa hausawa suna yin algaragine a lokacin bukukuwa saboda yana daga cikin abincin da mutanen [[hausawa]] suke maramari saboda abincin aládar bahaushe ne.Algaragi yana daga cikin abincin da yake gina jiki saboda da [[alkama]] ake yinshi. bvr6pzwdcsbgtgxxu1insw7imsj1tkx 967866 967865 2026-10-15T15:28:20Z Marwan Bello 31239 /* */ add space 967866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} '''Algearagi''' Abincin hausawane da ake yin shi da alkama,sannan a soya cikin mai kamar yanda ake soya fanke.Ana yin shi a lokacin bikukuwa da yawa kamar irinsu bikin suna da kuma bikin haihuwa ko kuma bikin sallah.Ana yin shi aci da miyar alayyahu ko miyar gyada ko kuma [[miyar taushe]].Da yawa hausawa suna yin algaragine a lokacin bukukuwa saboda yana daga cikin abincin da mutanen [[hausawa]] suke maramari saboda abincin aládar bahaushe ne. Algaragi yana daga cikin abincin da yake gina jiki saboda da [[alkama]] ake yinshi. 760zfa8el3xqkuhy16u0he7polatoiu 967867 967866 2026-10-15T15:28:41Z Marwan Bello 31239 /* */ added Citation 967867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} '''Algearagi''' Abincin hausawane da ake yin shi da alkama,sannan a soya cikin mai kamar yanda ake soya fanke.Ana yin shi a lokacin bikukuwa da yawa kamar irinsu bikin suna da kuma bikin haihuwa ko kuma bikin sallah.Ana yin shi aci da miyar alayyahu ko miyar gyada ko kuma [[miyar taushe]].Da yawa hausawa suna yin algaragine a lokacin bukukuwa saboda yana daga cikin abincin da mutanen [[hausawa]] suke maramari saboda abincin aládar bahaushe ne. [[Algaragi]] yana daga cikin abincin da yake gina jiki saboda da [[alkama]] ake yinshi. 8zq6uliggb5hufyblxikmgnvm2i77bj 967868 967867 2026-10-15T15:29:13Z Marwan Bello 31239 /* */ add space 967868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} '''Algearagi''' Abincin hausawane da ake yin shi da alkama,sannan a soya cikin mai kamar yanda ake soya fanke.Ana yin shi a lokacin bikukuwa da yawa kamar irinsu bikin suna da kuma bikin haihuwa ko kuma bikin sallah. Ana yin shi aci da miyar alayyahu ko miyar gyada ko kuma [[miyar taushe]]. Da yawa hausawa suna yin algaragine a lokacin bukukuwa saboda yana daga cikin abincin da mutanen [[hausawa]] suke maramari saboda abincin aládar bahaushe ne. [[Algaragi]] yana daga cikin abincin da yake gina jiki saboda da [[alkama]] ake yinshi. orr6exv6kec9ivlss4rk8u1yd046lrg 967869 967868 2026-10-15T15:31:33Z Marwan Bello 31239 /* */ added a space 967869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} '''Algearagi''' Abincin hausawane da ake yin shi da alkama,sannan a soya cikin mai kamar yanda ake soya fanke. Ana yin shi a lokacin bikukuwa da yawa kamar irinsu bikin suna da kuma bikin haihuwa ko kuma bikin sallah. Ana yin shi aci da miyar alayyahu ko miyar gyada ko kuma [[miyar taushe]]. Da yawa hausawa suna yin algaragine a lokacin bukukuwa saboda yana daga cikin abincin da mutanen [[hausawa]] suke maramari saboda abincin aládar bahaushe ne. [[Algaragi]] yana daga cikin abincin da yake gina jiki saboda da [[alkama]] ake yinshi. b1gngmpqucnvxfqjn6tvljgkxdnzav1 0 50732 968036 611367 2026-10-16T00:11:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mohammed Nasir Idris''' (an haife shi 6 ga Agusta{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}}1965) ne, ƙwararren ilimi, ɗan siyasa wanda yake rike da mukamin gwamnan [[Kebbi|jihar Kebbi]] a halin yanzu. A baya ya taba zama shugaban [[Kungiyar Malamai ta Najeriya|kungiyar malamai ta Najeriya]] kuma mataimakin shugaban [[Kungiyar Kwadago ta Najeriya|kungiyar kwadago ta Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sub-editor |date=2023-04-17 |title=Meet Dr Nasiru Idris, winner of Kebbi State Governorship Election |url=https://newswirengr.com/2023/04/17/meet-dr-nasiru-idris-winner-of-kebbi-state-governorship-election/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=NewsWireNGR |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422215917/https://newswirengr.com/2023/04/17/meet-dr-nasiru-idris-winner-of-kebbi-state-governorship-election/ |archive-date=2023-04-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 2023, [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|hukumar zabe mai zaman kanta ta kasa]] (INEC) ta bayyana Idris a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben gwamnan jihar Kebbi a shekarar 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-17 |title=Kebbi poll: INEC declares APC guber candidate, Nasir Idris, winner |url=https://punchng.com/kebbi-poll-inec-declares-apc-guber-candidate-nasir-idris-winner/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-17 |title=My Top Priority is education sector in Kebbi – Governor Elect Dr. Nasir Idris - INDEPENDENT POST NIGERIA |url=https://independentpost.ng/my-top-priority-is-education-sector-in-kebbi-governor-elect-dr-nasir-idris/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Nasir Idris a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} ƙaramar hukumar [[Birnin Kebbi]] a [[Kebbi|jihar Kebbi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |publisher=The Sun News Online |title=Decision Day 2023: Those who will be governors |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/decision-day-2023-those-who-will-be-governors/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Birnin Kebbi tsakanin shekarar 1994 zuwa 2003, da [[Jami'ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo|Jami'ar Usmanu Danfodio]], [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], tsakanin 2006 zuwa 2009 don yin MBA. <ref name=":0" /> Idris ya yi digirin digirgir a fannin ilimi kuma ya rubuta kasidu daban-daban kan ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-16 |title=Seven things to know about Kebbi gov-elect, Idris |url=https://punchng.com/seven-things-to-know-about-kebbi-gov-elect-idris/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == A shekarar 2018, an zaɓi Idris a matsayin shugaban kungiyar malamai ta Najeriya (NUT) da kuma mataimakin shugaban kungiyar kwadago ta Najeriya NLC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2019-05-07 |title=It’s wickedness to pay primary school teachers salary in percentage, says Nasir, NUT President |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/its-wickedness-to-pay-primary-school-teachers-salary-in-percentage-says-nasir- nut-president/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Tsohon shugaban kungiyar NUT reshen jihar Kebbi, tsohon shugaban NLC, jihar Kebbi kuma tsohon ma'ajin kungiyar NUT ta kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NUT National President, Nasir Idris emerges Kebbi APC Guber candidate – Nigeria News |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/2022/05/nut-national-president-nasir-idris-emerges-kebbi-apc-guber-candidate/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422215917/https://www.tvcnews.tv/2022/05/nut-national-president-nasir-idris-emerges-kebbi-apc-guber-candidate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Mayun 2022, Mista Idris ya fito a matsayin dan takarar gwamna na jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC) na jihar Kebbi a zaben fidda gwani na gwamnan APC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NUT National President, Nasir Idris emerges Kebbi APC Guber candidate – Nigeria News |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/2022/05/nut-national-president-nasir-idris-emerges-kebbi-apc-guber-candidate/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422215917/https://www.tvcnews.tv/2022/05/nut-national-president-nasir-idris-emerges-kebbi-apc-guber-candidate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 2023, [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta]] ta Kasa (INEC) ta ayyana Idris a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben gwamnan jihar Kebbi a shekarar 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APC’s Nasiru Idris Wins Kebbi Governorship Poll – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/04/16/apcs-nasiru-idris-wins-kebbi-governorship-poll/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Nassoshi == [[Category:Haihuwan 1965]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Gwamnonin Jihar Kebbi]] [[Category:Gwamnonin Najeriya]] qbrxdzcxq0d89yia6esdda6oegm50cj 0 52918 968226 372652 2026-10-16T11:52:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Pınar Yalçın''' (an haifeta ranar 7 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1988) ƴan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta mata na Turkiyya-Sweden a halin yanzu tana taka leda a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Sweden 2 don Husie IF. A lokaci guda kuma, ita mamba ce a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta mata ta Turkiyya tun daga shekarar 2013.<ref name="tff0">{{cite web |url=http://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=283&ftxtID=18684 |publisher=Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu |title=Kadın A Milli Takımı'nın hazırlık kampı aday kadrosu |date=August 13, 2013 |language=tr |access-date=December 21, 2013 }}</ref> <ref name="h1">{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/spor/futbol/24952951.asp |newspaper=[[Hürriyet]] |title=2015 FIFA Kadınlar Dünya Kupası elemeleri |date=October 21, 2013 |language=tr |access-date=December 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023025142/http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/spor/futbol/24952951.asp |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="l1"/> Ana yi mata lakabi da "Pinnen" (don "sanda" a Turanci) ta wurin magoya bayanta.<ref name="p1"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Yalçın ga mahaifin gwagwalad Bature ɗan gudun hijira, Selman Yalçın, da kuma mahaifiyar Baturke mai suna Sevdiye Yalçın, a gundumar Rosengård da ke [[Malmö]] a Sweden. Tana da ’yar’uwa ɗaya, Cagla, da ’yan’uwa biyu, Serkan da Serhan, waɗanda suke buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Malmö. == Sana'ar wasa == === Kulob === Ta fara wasa a cikin ƙungiyar matasa na Malmö FF Dam, wanda aka sake masa suna zuwa LdB FC Malmö a shekarar 2007, sannan kuma zuwa FC Rosengård a shekarar 2013. Kungiyar al'ummar Turkiyya Malmö Anadolu BI ce ta sauya Yalçın. Bayan buga ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin kulab ɗin [[BK Kick]], BK Olympic, Kvarnby IK da [[1. Dalby GIF|1.]] [[1. Dalby GIF|Dalby GIF]], ta sanya hannu tare da Husie IF don lokacin 2013–14. A shekarar 2013, an ɗora mata alhakin gudanar da wasannin kwallon kafa na mata a wasu sassan gasar. === Ƙasashen Duniya === An gayyaci Yalçın don shiga cikin tawagar 'yan wasan Turkiyya don buga wasannin zagayen neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na FIFA na 2015. A wata hira da ta yi da jarida, ta jaddada cewa ta gwammace ta buga wa tawagar ƙasar Turkiyya tamaula. Ta kara da cewa tana farin cikin fara wasanta na farko a karawar da ta yi da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Ingila . Yalçın ta yi wasa sau huɗu a cikin tawagar ƙasar gwagwalad Turkiyya da ke fafatawa a wasannin neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata {UEFA} na shekarar 2015. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{UEFA player|250065381}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1991]] 09gxs44k87j82632eag9lp83wvkzafh 0 54067 968023 961730 2026-10-15T23:16:47Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373201977|Jeta Amata]]" 968023 wikitext text/x-wiki   Jeta Amata Listenⓘ 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya, an haife ta ne a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, 1974, ga sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya Zack Amata . Ya fito ne daga dangin tsoffin masu shirya fina-finai ciki har da Ifoghale Amata, Zack Amata da Fred Amata . [1] Yayinda yake girma a masana'antar fina-finai, biyo bayan sha'awar iyalinsa ga fim, Jeta ya samar kuma ya ba da umarnin fim dinsa na farko, Glamour Boyz, yana da shekaru 21, ba tare da mamaki ba lokacin da ya fara tashi a duniyar fim da nishaɗi.[2] == Ilimi == Amata ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Jihar Benue da ke Makurdi, Najeriya . == Ayyuka == Ayyukan Amata sun fara zuwa duniya lokacin da ya samar da fim din shirin ga [[BBC|Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Burtaniya]] (BBC) a cikin 2003, ta amfani da fim dinsa Game of Life a matsayin fim don shirin. Ya rike gabatarwa 53 da nasarori 10 don kyaututtuka na fim a Afirka, [[Turai]] da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kuma an dauke shi daya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai masu cin nasara da suka fito daga Yammacin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2018 |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Jeta Amata &#124; ★Stars★™★ ₳₽₽★ |url=https://www.stars.ng/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-jeta-amata/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622111503/https://www.stars.ng/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-jeta-amata/ |archive-date=2018-06-22}}</ref> Michel Joseph Martelly, Shugaban kasar [[Haiti]], ya sanya Jeta Amata Jakadan Goodwill a Haiti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeta Amata |url=https://www.colorado.edu/cwa/jeta-amata |access-date=21 November 2025 |website=Conference on World Affairs – University of Colorado Boulder}}</ref> Amata ya yi aiki tare da wanda ya lashe kyautar Kwalejin Kim Basinger, wanda aka zaba a kyautar Kwaleji Mickey Rourke, da kuma manyan tauraron kiɗa [[Akon]] da Wyclef Jean a fim din 2012 Black November . == Taƙaitaccen ayyukan == === 2004–11 === An fara gajeren fim din Amata The Alexa Affair a bikin fina-finai na Berlin na shekara ta 2004. Fim din Amata The Amazing Grace, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeta Amata {{!}} Director, Writer, Producer |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1922660/ |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda ya lashe kyautar fina-finai mafi kyau a Yammacin Afirka a 2006 Screen Nations Awards UK, yana da girmamawa na kasancewa fim din Najeriya na farko da za a nuna a bikin fina-fukkuna na Cannes. Ba da daɗewa ba, za a gane Amata don fina-finai kamar ''Inale'' da Mary Slessor . === 2012-ya zuwa yanzu === Black November ya fara ne a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a lokacin Babban Taron a shekarar 2012 kuma an nuna shi a Cibiyar Kennedy da kuma a [[Dakin Karatu na Congres|Laburaren Majalisa]] a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]. Fim din ya yi wahayi zuwa ga daukar nauyin ƙuduri na jam'iyya biyu a kan Neja Delta na Najeriya membobin Majalisa ta Amurka ta 112, H.CON. RES.121. Amata yana da nuna shirye-shiryensa ''A cikin Delta'', game da halin da ake ciki na Neja Delta, wanda aka nuna a jami'o'i tara a Amurka, gami da NYU, Jami'ar George Washington, UCLA da [[Cornell]]. == Hotunan fina-finai == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1996 |''[[Glamour Boys (film)|Yara masu ban sha'awa]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |1997 |''Babu Abinci ga Alloli'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2001 |''Mutanda'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |a |- | rowspan="2" |2002 |''Black Mamba'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |''Hawaye na mace'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- | rowspan="3" |2003 |''Ƙaunar da ba ta da iyaka'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |Love Entangle (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Kate Henshaw, Segun Arinze |- |Hadari Mai Hadari (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 |''Sarauniya'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Nkiru Sylvanus, Stella Damasus |- |''Sarauniya 2'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |Al'amarin Alexa (gajere) |Darakta, marubuci, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo | |- | rowspan="3" |2005 |''Ruwan Canji'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Stella Damasus |- |''Rikicin Ƙarshe'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |''Wasan Ƙarshe'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Dakore Akande, Rita Dominic, Ini Edo, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2006 |''[[The Amazing Grace|Alheri Mai Kyau]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Joke Silva |- |2007 |''Wasan Rayuwa'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2008 |Mary Slessor (jerin talabijin) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2009 |''Sarauniya Amina'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2010 |''[[Inale]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Caroline Chikezie, Ini Edo |- |2012 |''[[Black November|Black Nuwamba]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2013 |''Sarkin Amurka'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2016 |''Hanyar Feto'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Viva Bianca, Akon, Margaret Avery, Zack Amata |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == * Verona International African Film Festival, Mafi Kyawun Fim, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Verona International African Film Festival, Kyautar Masu sauraro, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Duniya na Monaco, Fim mafi Nishaɗi, ''Inale'', 2011 * Bikin Nollywood na Copenhagen, Fim mafi kyau, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Black na Amurka (ABFF), Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Baƙar fata na Amurka (ABFF), Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Black na Amurka (ABFF), Mafi kyawun Fim, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Najeriya, Fim mafi kyau, ''Inale'', 2011 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Fim mafi kyau na Najeriya (wanda aka zaba), ''Inale'', 2011 * NFVSB Awards Najeriya, Fim mafi kyau, ''Inale'', 2010 * Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Abuja, Kyautar Masu sauraro, Mary Slessor, 2009 * Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Abuja, Mafi Kyawun Short, Mary Slessor, 2009 * SIMA AWARDS, Darakta Mafi Kyawu, The Amazing Grace, 2008 * Kyautar Kasashen Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim na Yammacin Afirka, The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Mafi kyawun Cinematography, The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Mafi kyawun Cinematography, The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Mafi Kyawun Fim (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 == Rayuwa ta mutum == A shekara ta 2001 a wani sauraro a Calabar ya sadu da [[Mbong Amata]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mbong Amata |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2297741/ |access-date=2017-12-20 |website=IMDb}}</ref> Shekaru biyu bayan haka, lokacin da take da shekaru 18, sun fara soyayya. Sun yi aure a shekara ta 2008 kuma an haifi 'yarsu Veno daga baya a wannan shekarar. A shekara ta 2013 sun rabu kuma a shekara ta 2014 sun sake aure. Amata a halin yanzu yana cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Vanessa Teemsma, wanda ya yi aiki a cikin samarwa a fina-finai, gami da Black November . Amata da Teemsma sun yi maraba da ɗa a cikin 2019, mai suna Kessiena Donald Amata, sunan tsakiya ya kasance bayan mahaifin Teemsma. == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * Category:Fim din da Jeta Amata ta shirya == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kohf58aref2oxhfl9jaa9wvo8zhk4xv 968024 968023 2026-10-15T23:17:42Z Salma Raddah 45959 968024 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Jeta Amata Listenⓘ 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya, an haife ta ne a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, 1974, ga sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya Zack Amata . Ya fito ne daga dangin tsoffin masu shirya fina-finai ciki har da Ifoghale Amata, Zack Amata da Fred Amata . [1] Yayinda yake girma a masana'antar fina-finai, biyo bayan sha'awar iyalinsa ga fim, Jeta ya samar kuma ya ba da umarnin fim dinsa na farko, Glamour Boyz, yana da shekaru 21, ba tare da mamaki ba lokacin da ya fara tashi a duniyar fim da nishaɗi.[2] == Ilimi == Amata ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Jihar Benue da ke Makurdi, Najeriya . == Ayyuka == Ayyukan Amata sun fara zuwa duniya lokacin da ya samar da fim din shirin ga [[BBC|Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Burtaniya]] (BBC) a cikin 2003, ta amfani da fim dinsa Game of Life a matsayin fim don shirin. Ya rike gabatarwa 53 da nasarori 10 don kyaututtuka na fim a Afirka, [[Turai]] da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kuma an dauke shi daya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai masu cin nasara da suka fito daga Yammacin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2018 |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Jeta Amata &#124; ★Stars★™★ ₳₽₽★ |url=https://www.stars.ng/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-jeta-amata/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622111503/https://www.stars.ng/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-jeta-amata/ |archive-date=2018-06-22}}</ref> Michel Joseph Martelly, Shugaban kasar [[Haiti]], ya sanya Jeta Amata Jakadan Goodwill a Haiti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeta Amata |url=https://www.colorado.edu/cwa/jeta-amata |access-date=21 November 2025 |website=Conference on World Affairs – University of Colorado Boulder}}</ref> Amata ya yi aiki tare da wanda ya lashe kyautar Kwalejin Kim Basinger, wanda aka zaba a kyautar Kwaleji Mickey Rourke, da kuma manyan tauraron kiɗa [[Akon]] da Wyclef Jean a fim din 2012 Black November . == Taƙaitaccen ayyukan == === 2004–11 === An fara gajeren fim din Amata The Alexa Affair a bikin fina-finai na Berlin na shekara ta 2004. Fim din Amata The Amazing Grace, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeta Amata {{!}} Director, Writer, Producer |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1922660/ |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda ya lashe kyautar fina-finai mafi kyau a Yammacin Afirka a 2006 Screen Nations Awards UK, yana da girmamawa na kasancewa fim din Najeriya na farko da za a nuna a bikin fina-fukkuna na Cannes. Ba da daɗewa ba, za a gane Amata don fina-finai kamar ''Inale'' da Mary Slessor . === 2012-ya zuwa yanzu === Black November ya fara ne a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a lokacin Babban Taron a shekarar 2012 kuma an nuna shi a Cibiyar Kennedy da kuma a [[Dakin Karatu na Congres|Laburaren Majalisa]] a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]. Fim din ya yi wahayi zuwa ga daukar nauyin ƙuduri na jam'iyya biyu a kan Neja Delta na Najeriya membobin Majalisa ta Amurka ta 112, H.CON. RES.121. Amata yana da nuna shirye-shiryensa ''A cikin Delta'', game da halin da ake ciki na Neja Delta, wanda aka nuna a jami'o'i tara a Amurka, gami da NYU, Jami'ar George Washington, UCLA da [[Cornell]]. == Hotunan fina-finai == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1996 |''[[Glamour Boys (film)|Yara masu ban sha'awa]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |1997 |''Babu Abinci ga Alloli'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2001 |''Mutanda'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |a |- | rowspan="2" |2002 |''Black Mamba'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |''Hawaye na mace'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- | rowspan="3" |2003 |''Ƙaunar da ba ta da iyaka'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |Love Entangle (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Kate Henshaw, Segun Arinze |- |Hadari Mai Hadari (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 |''Sarauniya'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Nkiru Sylvanus, Stella Damasus |- |''Sarauniya 2'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |Al'amarin Alexa (gajere) |Darakta, marubuci, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo | |- | rowspan="3" |2005 |''Ruwan Canji'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Stella Damasus |- |''Rikicin Ƙarshe'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |''Wasan Ƙarshe'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Dakore Akande, Rita Dominic, Ini Edo, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2006 |''[[The Amazing Grace|Alheri Mai Kyau]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Joke Silva |- |2007 |''Wasan Rayuwa'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2008 |Mary Slessor (jerin talabijin) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2009 |''Sarauniya Amina'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2010 |''[[Inale]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Caroline Chikezie, Ini Edo |- |2012 |''[[Black November|Black Nuwamba]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2013 |''Sarkin Amurka'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2016 |''Hanyar Feto'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Viva Bianca, Akon, Margaret Avery, Zack Amata |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == * Verona International African Film Festival, Mafi Kyawun Fim, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Verona International African Film Festival, Kyautar Masu sauraro, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Duniya na Monaco, Fim mafi Nishaɗi, ''Inale'', 2011 * Bikin Nollywood na Copenhagen, Fim mafi kyau, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Black na Amurka (ABFF), Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Baƙar fata na Amurka (ABFF), Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Black na Amurka (ABFF), Mafi kyawun Fim, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Najeriya, Fim mafi kyau, ''Inale'', 2011 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Fim mafi kyau na Najeriya (wanda aka zaba), ''Inale'', 2011 * NFVSB Awards Najeriya, Fim mafi kyau, ''Inale'', 2010 * Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Abuja, Kyautar Masu sauraro, Mary Slessor, 2009 * Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Abuja, Mafi Kyawun Short, Mary Slessor, 2009 * SIMA AWARDS, Darakta Mafi Kyawu, The Amazing Grace, 2008 * Kyautar Kasashen Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim na Yammacin Afirka, The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Mafi kyawun Cinematography, The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Mafi kyawun Cinematography, The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Mafi Kyawun Fim (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 == Rayuwa ta mutum == A shekara ta 2001 a wani sauraro a Calabar ya sadu da [[Mbong Amata]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mbong Amata |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2297741/ |access-date=2017-12-20 |website=IMDb}}</ref> Shekaru biyu bayan haka, lokacin da take da shekaru 18, sun fara soyayya. Sun yi aure a shekara ta 2008 kuma an haifi 'yarsu Veno daga baya a wannan shekarar. A shekara ta 2013 sun rabu kuma a shekara ta 2014 sun sake aure. Amata a halin yanzu yana cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Vanessa Teemsma, wanda ya yi aiki a cikin samarwa a fina-finai, gami da Black November . Amata da Teemsma sun yi maraba da ɗa a cikin 2019, mai suna Kessiena Donald Amata, sunan tsakiya ya kasance bayan mahaifin Teemsma. == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * Category:Fim din da Jeta Amata ta shirya == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7wqbgp56k1j2opemrc7tp4oq4ryz954 968197 968024 2026-10-16T10:29:46Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ayyuka */ 968197 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Jeta Amata Listenⓘ 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya, an haife ta ne a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, 1974, ga sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya Zack Amata . Ya fito ne daga dangin tsoffin masu shirya fina-finai ciki har da Ifoghale Amata, Zack Amata da Fred Amata . [1] Yayinda yake girma a masana'antar fina-finai, biyo bayan sha'awar iyalinsa ga fim, Jeta ya samar kuma ya ba da umarnin fim dinsa na farko, Glamour Boyz, yana da shekaru 21, ba tare da mamaki ba lokacin da ya fara tashi a duniyar fim da nishaɗi.[2] == Ilimi == Amata ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Jihar Benue da ke Makurdi, Najeriya . == Ayyuka == Ayyukan Amata sun fara zuwa duniya lokacin da ya samar da fim din shirin ga [[BBC|Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Burtaniya]] (BBC) a cikin shekarar 2003, ta amfani da fim dinsa Game of Life a matsayin fim don shirin. Ya rike gabatarwa 53 da nasarori 10 don kyaututtuka na fim a Afirka, [[Turai]] da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kuma an dauke shi daya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai masu cin nasara da suka fito daga Yammacin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2018 |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Jeta Amata &#124; ★Stars★™★ ₳₽₽★ |url=https://www.stars.ng/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-jeta-amata/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622111503/https://www.stars.ng/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-jeta-amata/ |archive-date=2018-06-22}}</ref> Michel Joseph Martelly, Shugaban kasar [[Haiti]], ya sanya Jeta Amata Jakadan Goodwill a Haiti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeta Amata |url=https://www.colorado.edu/cwa/jeta-amata |access-date=21 November 2025 |website=Conference on World Affairs – University of Colorado Boulder}}</ref> Amata ya yi aiki tare da wanda ya lashe kyautar Kwalejin Kim Basinger, wanda aka zaba a kyautar Kwaleji Mickey Rourke, da kuma manyan tauraron kiɗa [[Akon]] da Wyclef Jean a fim din 2012 Black November . == Taƙaitaccen ayyukan == === 2004–11 === An fara gajeren fim din Amata The Alexa Affair a bikin fina-finai na Berlin na shekara ta 2004. Fim din Amata The Amazing Grace, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeta Amata {{!}} Director, Writer, Producer |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1922660/ |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda ya lashe kyautar fina-finai mafi kyau a Yammacin Afirka a 2006 Screen Nations Awards UK, yana da girmamawa na kasancewa fim din Najeriya na farko da za a nuna a bikin fina-fukkuna na Cannes. Ba da daɗewa ba, za a gane Amata don fina-finai kamar ''Inale'' da Mary Slessor . === 2012-ya zuwa yanzu === Black November ya fara ne a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a lokacin Babban Taron a shekarar 2012 kuma an nuna shi a Cibiyar Kennedy da kuma a [[Dakin Karatu na Congres|Laburaren Majalisa]] a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]. Fim din ya yi wahayi zuwa ga daukar nauyin ƙuduri na jam'iyya biyu a kan Neja Delta na Najeriya membobin Majalisa ta Amurka ta 112, H.CON. RES.121. Amata yana da nuna shirye-shiryensa ''A cikin Delta'', game da halin da ake ciki na Neja Delta, wanda aka nuna a jami'o'i tara a Amurka, gami da NYU, Jami'ar George Washington, UCLA da [[Cornell]]. == Hotunan fina-finai == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1996 |''[[Glamour Boys (film)|Yara masu ban sha'awa]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |1997 |''Babu Abinci ga Alloli'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2001 |''Mutanda'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |a |- | rowspan="2" |2002 |''Black Mamba'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |''Hawaye na mace'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- | rowspan="3" |2003 |''Ƙaunar da ba ta da iyaka'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |Love Entangle (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Kate Henshaw, Segun Arinze |- |Hadari Mai Hadari (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 |''Sarauniya'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Nkiru Sylvanus, Stella Damasus |- |''Sarauniya 2'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |Al'amarin Alexa (gajere) |Darakta, marubuci, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo | |- | rowspan="3" |2005 |''Ruwan Canji'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Stella Damasus |- |''Rikicin Ƙarshe'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |''Wasan Ƙarshe'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Dakore Akande, Rita Dominic, Ini Edo, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2006 |''[[The Amazing Grace|Alheri Mai Kyau]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Joke Silva |- |2007 |''Wasan Rayuwa'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2008 |Mary Slessor (jerin talabijin) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2009 |''Sarauniya Amina'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2010 |''[[Inale]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Caroline Chikezie, Ini Edo |- |2012 |''[[Black November|Black Nuwamba]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2013 |''Sarkin Amurka'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2016 |''Hanyar Feto'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Viva Bianca, Akon, Margaret Avery, Zack Amata |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == * Verona International African Film Festival, Mafi Kyawun Fim, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Verona International African Film Festival, Kyautar Masu sauraro, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Duniya na Monaco, Fim mafi Nishaɗi, ''Inale'', 2011 * Bikin Nollywood na Copenhagen, Fim mafi kyau, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Black na Amurka (ABFF), Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Baƙar fata na Amurka (ABFF), Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Black na Amurka (ABFF), Mafi kyawun Fim, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Najeriya, Fim mafi kyau, ''Inale'', 2011 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Fim mafi kyau na Najeriya (wanda aka zaba), ''Inale'', 2011 * NFVSB Awards Najeriya, Fim mafi kyau, ''Inale'', 2010 * Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Abuja, Kyautar Masu sauraro, Mary Slessor, 2009 * Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Abuja, Mafi Kyawun Short, Mary Slessor, 2009 * SIMA AWARDS, Darakta Mafi Kyawu, The Amazing Grace, 2008 * Kyautar Kasashen Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim na Yammacin Afirka, The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Mafi kyawun Cinematography, The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Mafi kyawun Cinematography, The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Mafi Kyawun Fim (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 == Rayuwa ta mutum == A shekara ta 2001 a wani sauraro a Calabar ya sadu da [[Mbong Amata]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mbong Amata |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2297741/ |access-date=2017-12-20 |website=IMDb}}</ref> Shekaru biyu bayan haka, lokacin da take da shekaru 18, sun fara soyayya. Sun yi aure a shekara ta 2008 kuma an haifi 'yarsu Veno daga baya a wannan shekarar. A shekara ta 2013 sun rabu kuma a shekara ta 2014 sun sake aure. Amata a halin yanzu yana cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Vanessa Teemsma, wanda ya yi aiki a cikin samarwa a fina-finai, gami da Black November . Amata da Teemsma sun yi maraba da ɗa a cikin 2019, mai suna Kessiena Donald Amata, sunan tsakiya ya kasance bayan mahaifin Teemsma. == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * Category:Fim din da Jeta Amata ta shirya == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d9p05s504onnebrv0d5tq2fg86eieri 0 54124 967895 967808 2026-10-15T17:02:27Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967895 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 4ona4xpemfuaew4s1xf1olo8f2yhk5f 967896 967895 2026-10-15T17:03:19Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967896 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/31205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] g5xmqzzh0jd119ksjdceu3bv4dxzwd7 967897 967896 2026-10-15T17:05:50Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967897 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/312//nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] eyzhhhos9uqqta9p89vf8evxvmoxmxi 967898 967897 2026-10-15T17:06:51Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967898 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 7qq4dzti8fbr1iewlzerw91vloy6lqj 967899 967898 2026-10-15T17:07:13Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967899 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysl-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] l6f70k0i2dcoa5hpdvxgpog4h0cmttz 967900 967899 2026-10-15T17:10:19Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967900 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysl-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 4pdpry80d9asalbt6wn4yyhynjw182k 967902 967900 2026-10-15T17:17:15Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967902 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysl-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web://nollysilverscreen.com/e-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 5yymib8ytpmmj0g208y1he96ii4m1vu 967903 967902 2026-10-15T17:18:19Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967903 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysl-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.llysilverscreen.com/e-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] q9k50ts5sew1nxof2gq8jp9f0ji0rkc 967905 967903 2026-10-15T17:21:58Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967905 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysl-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.llysilverscre=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 54c61twhpei519hhttqmznujqbk1n29 967906 967905 2026-10-15T17:22:09Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967906 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysl-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 Asite=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.llysilverscre=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] iw4fz87k0dd1ovufjccvrezjd0ax8uz 967907 967906 2026-10-15T17:22:21Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967907 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysl-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 Asite=nollysilve}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.llysilverscre=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] h88uri03okwu4mvqkebetc0y67ote82 967908 967907 2026-10-15T17:30:41Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967908 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysl-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-datef> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.llysilverscre=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] a9vf0m7u7uoe4okwmxfpjvni0m79t55 967909 967908 2026-10-15T17:31:06Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967909 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysl-status=dead |archive-url=httpsarchive.org/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-datef> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.llysilverscre=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 2tjt57d7rcaln7u1yssk7artr31g5oq 967911 967909 2026-10-15T17:34:31Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967911 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysl-status=dead |archive-uorg/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-datef> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.llysilverscre=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 8vqbbinlaz0dcyblm43q3iwcc2ypaqt 967912 967911 2026-10-15T17:34:53Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 967912 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysl-status=dead |archive-uorg/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-datef> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.llysilverscre=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very– Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] mu1myb2b2fxgbruicgaz9y8k03abvc3 967923 967912 2026-10-15T18:13:04Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Manazarta */ 967923 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysl-status=dead |archive-uorg/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-datef> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.llysilverscre=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very– Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == {{ Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] fg5oxeivobq7piozwgschi7g81egu11 967954 967923 2026-10-15T19:12:10Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Rayuwa ta farko */ 967954 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysl-status=dead |archive-uorg/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-datef> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.llysilverscre=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very– Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta dubu biyu da sha daya (2011), ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == {{ Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 5n2hwtmwtz81ey5re5p969b6xvkm4un 967955 967954 2026-10-15T19:12:50Z Baby juuu 38856 967955 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka a shekarun 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysl-status=dead |archive-uorg/web/3ysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-datef> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. [1] Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.llysilverscre=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very– Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta dubu biyu da sha daya (2011), ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == {{ Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] h2hqgkgh298qtxmwpp4oaughi36efmq 0 61991 968062 910570 2026-10-16T04:38:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Ogechi Adeola''' kwararriya ce kan harkokin kasuwanci a kasar Najeriya. Ita ce mataimakiyar shugabar harkokin kasuwanci a Jami'ar Jama'a kuma mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin kasuwanci a Makarantar Kasuwancin Legas. == Rayuwa == Ta kammala digirin law a Jami’an kasar Nigeria. Ta kammala MBA a Business Administration a [[Manchester Business School]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Profile: Ogechi Adeola|url=https://www.lbs.edu.ng/faculty_profiles/%E2%80%8Bogechi-adeola/|website=Lagos Business School|access-date=2023-10-27|archive-date=2023-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117012736/https://www.lbs.edu.ng/faculty_profiles/%e2%80%8bogechi-adeola/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Adeola babbar farfesa ce a fannin tallace-tallace kuma shugaban sashen ayyuka, tallace-tallace, da tsarin bayanai a Makarantar Kasuwancin Legas.<ref name=":0" /> Ita ce mataimakiyar shugabar harkokin kasuwanci a Jami'ar Jama'a.<ref name=":0" /> A watan Fabrairun Shekarar 2021, an nada Adeola a matsayin darekta mara zartarwa na Cornerstone Insurance Plc.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Emenike|first=Chidi|date=2021-02-24|title=Cornerstone Insurance Plc appoints Ogechi Adeola as Director|url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/02/24/cornerstone-insurance-plc-appoints-ogechi-adeola-as-director/|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Nairametrics|language=en-US}}</ref> Adeola yar'uwa ce a Cibiyar Gudanar da Dabaru ta Najeriya da {{Interlanguage link|National Institute of Marketing of Nigeria}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Ogechi Adeola Associate Dean, Business Administration|url=https://www.uopeople.edu/programs/ba/leadership/business-administration-deans/dr-ogechi-adeola-associate-dean-of-b-a/|access-date=2021-11-23|website=University of the People}}</ref> Adeola mawallafiya ce kuma mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin kasuwanci a makarantar kasuwanci ta Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://ogechiadeola.com/ |access-date=2022-08-13 |website=Ogechi Adeola |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331232419/https://ogechiadeola.com/ |archive-date=2022-03-31 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2016 da 2017, Adeola ogechi ta buga kasidun ilimi a cikin mujallu na masana inda ta lashe Kyauta mafi kyawun takarda a taron kasa da kasa. Ita ce kuma wacce ta kafa shirin Tutelage for Women Epowerment in Africa Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ogechi Adeola (PhD), Associate Professor, Marketing and Academic Director, Sales & Marketing Academy, LBS, Pan-Atlantic University - Businessday NG |url=https://businessday.ng/interview/women-in-business/article/ogechi-adeola-phd-associate-professor-marketing-and-academic-director-sales-marketing-academy-lbs-pan-atlantic-university/ |access-date=2022-08-13 |website=businessday.ng}}</ref> == Ayyukan da aka zaɓa<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ogechi Adeola (PhD), Associate Professor, Marketing and Academic Director, Sales & Marketing Academy, LBS, Pan-Atlantic University - Businessday NG |url=https://businessday.ng/interview/women-in-business/article/ogechi-adeola-phd-associate-professor-marketing-and-academic-director-sales-marketing-academy-lbs-pan-atlantic-university/ |access-date=2022-08-13 |website=businessday.ng}}</ref> == *{{Cite book|title=Health Service Marketing Management in Africa|date=2019|publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group|isbn=978-0-367-00193-3|editor-last=Hinson|editor-first=Robert Ebo|language=en|editor-last2=Aziato|editor-first2=Lydia|editor-last3=Adeola|editor-first3=Ogechi|editor-last4=Osei-Frimpong|editor-first4=Kofi}} *{{Cite book|title=Customer Service Management in Africa: A Strategic and Operational Perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/customerservicem0000robe|date=2020|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-429-63194-8|editor-last=Hinson|editor-first=Robert Ebo|language=en|editor-last2=Adeola|editor-first2=Ogechi|editor-last3=Lituchy|editor-first3=Terri|editor-last4=Amartey|editor-first4=Abednego Feehi Okoe}} *{{Cite book|title=Indigenous African Enterprise: The Igbo Traditional Business School (I-TBS)|date=2020|publisher=Emerald Group Publishing|isbn=978-1-83909-033-2|editor-last=Adeola|editor-first=Ogechi|language=en}} *{{Cite book|title=Empowering African Women for Sustainable Development: Toward Achieving the United Nations' 2030 Goals|date=2020|publisher=Springer International Publishing|isbn=978-3-030-59101-4|editor-last=Adeola|editor-first=Ogechi|language=en}} *{{Cite book|editor-last=Ngoasong|editor-first=Michael Z.|editor-last2=Adeola|editor-first2=Ogechi|editor-last3=Kimbu|editor-first3=Albert N.|editor-last4=Hinson|editor-first4=Robert E.|title=New Frontiers in Hospitality and Tourism Management in Africa|date=2021|publisher=Springer International Publishing|isbn=978-3-030-70170-3|language=en}} *{{Cite book|title=Marketing Communications and Brand Development in Emerging Economies Volume I: Contemporary and Future Perspectives|editor-first=Ogechi|editor-last=Adeola|editor-first2=Hinson|editor-last2=Robert E.|editor-first3=Sakkthivel|editor-last3=A. M.|date=2022|publisher=Springer International Publishing|isbn=978-3-030-88677-6|language=en}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website}} * Ogechi Adeola publications indexed by Google Scholar * Ogechi Adeola's publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required) {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Jami’an Yan Nigeria]] [[Category:Yan kasuwan Najeriya na karni na 21]] [[Category:Marubuta mata na nigeria karni na 21]] [[Category:Karni na 21 nigeria yan kasuwa]] [[Category:Tsofofin Daliban Makarantar Kasuwancin Manchester]] [[category:maluman Najeriya]] psty58eqd3g2zhzexvnidpgja1jkatr 0 62147 968020 911078 2026-10-15T23:12:26Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345796871|Steve Egboro]]" 968020 wikitext text/x-wiki Steve Egboro shi ne mai shirya fina-finai na Atlanta, manajan taron, Oil & Gas Executive. Shi ne wanda ya kafa & Shugaba na Antilia Height Productions, kamfani mai samar da cikakken sabis wanda ke aiki a cikin zane-zane, nishaɗi, da nishaɗi.[1] == Ayyuka == Ya sauƙaƙa gabatarwa don shirya wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya mai suna [[Bovi]]'s Man On Fire a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2018, a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Infinite Energy, a Georgia, Amurka. Har ila yau, taron ya nuna bayyanar wasu 'yan wasan Najeriya,' yan wasan kwaikwayo Elenu da Mr. Patrick da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Joseph Benjamin. Antilia Heights Production kuma ta haɗu da karfi tare da mawaƙin Najeriya, [[Davido]] don fadada wasan kwaikwayo na Gang biliyan 30 zuwa 'Allah's Own Country". Za a saki fim din Egboro na Antilia Heights Production 'The Heir Apparent' a watan Agusta 2018. Robert Peters ne ya ba da umarnin fim din kuma an harbe shi a Atlanta da Legas Najeriya tare da 'yan wasan [[Nollywood]], [[Richard Mofe-Damijo]] da Joseph Benjamin . == Sanarwa == Tun da farko a cikin 2018, Egboro ya sami takardar shaidar girmamawa daga masu shirya bikin fina-finai na Nollywood Travel a Arewacin Amurka, kuma a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, 2018, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Doctorate ta girmamawa daga Jami'ar Jakadancin Duniya ta Trinity, Atlanta. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] ol7r20z333uhk2m2kl6jwx5f529dzo9 968021 968020 2026-10-15T23:13:40Z Salma Raddah 45959 968021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Steve Egboro shi ne mai shirya fina-finai na Atlanta, manajan taron, Oil & Gas Executive. Shi ne wanda ya kafa & Shugaba na Antilia Height Productions, kamfani mai samar da cikakken sabis wanda ke aiki a cikin zane-zane, nishaɗi, da nishaɗi.[1] == Ayyuka == Ya sauƙaƙa gabatarwa don shirya wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya mai suna [[Bovi]]'s Man On Fire a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2018, a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Infinite Energy, a Georgia, Amurka. Har ila yau, taron ya nuna bayyanar wasu 'yan wasan Najeriya,' yan wasan kwaikwayo Elenu da Mr. Patrick da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Joseph Benjamin. Antilia Heights Production kuma ta haɗu da karfi tare da mawaƙin Najeriya, [[Davido]] don fadada wasan kwaikwayo na Gang biliyan 30 zuwa 'Allah's Own Country". Za a saki fim din Egboro na Antilia Heights Production 'The Heir Apparent' a watan Agusta 2018. Robert Peters ne ya ba da umarnin fim din kuma an harbe shi a Atlanta da Legas Najeriya tare da 'yan wasan [[Nollywood]], [[Richard Mofe-Damijo]] da Joseph Benjamin . == Sanarwa == Tun da farko a cikin 2018, Egboro ya sami takardar shaidar girmamawa daga masu shirya bikin fina-finai na Nollywood Travel a Arewacin Amurka, kuma a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, 2018, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Doctorate ta girmamawa daga Jami'ar Jakadancin Duniya ta Trinity, Atlanta. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] enxay7ut53xipzyqjwdngakj7dv742r 968181 968021 2026-10-16T10:17:59Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ayyuka */ 968181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Steve Egboro shi ne mai shirya fina-finai na Atlanta, manajan taron, Oil & Gas Executive. Shi ne wanda ya kafa & Shugaba na Antilia Height Productions, kamfani mai samar da cikakken sabis wanda ke aiki a cikin zane-zane, nishaɗi, da nishaɗi.[1] == Ayyuka == Ya sauƙaƙa gabatarwa don shirya wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya mai suna [[Bovi]]'s Man On Fire a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2018, a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Infinite Energy, a Georgia, Amurka. Har ila yau, taron ya nuna bayyanar wasu 'yan wasan Najeriya,' yan wasan kwaikwayo Elenu da Mr. Patrick da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Joseph Benjamin. Antilia Heights Production kuma ta haɗu da karfi tare da mawaƙin Najeriya, [[Davido]] don fadada wasan kwaikwayo na Gang biliyan 30 zuwa 'Allah's Own Country". Za a saki fim din Egboro na Antilia Heights Production 'The Heir Apparent' a watan Agusta 2018. Robert Peters ne ya ba da umarnin fim din kuma an harbe shi a Atlanta da Legas Najeriya tare da 'yan wasan [[Nollywood]], [[Richard Mofe-Damijo]] da Joseph Benjamin . == Sanarwa == Tun da farko a cikin 2018, Egboro ya sami takardar shaidar girmamawa daga masu shirya bikin fina-finai na Nollywood Travel a Arewacin Amurka, kuma a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, 2018, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Doctorate ta girmamawa daga Jami'ar Jakadancin Duniya ta Trinity, Atlanta. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] prxkrnarsblj11cz66kve867nfsnilh 968182 968181 2026-10-16T10:18:23Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ayyuka */ 968182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Steve Egboro shi ne mai shirya fina-finai na Atlanta, manajan taron, Oil & Gas Executive. Shi ne wanda ya kafa & Shugaba na Antilia Height Productions, kamfani mai samar da cikakken sabis wanda ke aiki a cikin zane-zane, nishaɗi, da nishaɗi.[1] == Ayyuka == Ya sauƙaƙa gabatarwa don shirya wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya mai suna [[Bovi]]'s Man On Fire a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta 2018, a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Infinite Energy, a Georgia, Amurka. Har ila yau, taron ya nuna bayyanar wasu 'yan wasan Najeriya,' yan wasan kwaikwayo Elenu da Mr. Patrick da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Joseph Benjamin. Antilia Heights Production kuma ta haɗu da karfi tare da mawaƙin Najeriya, [[Davido]] don fadada wasan kwaikwayo na Gang biliyan 30 zuwa 'Allah's Own Country". Za a saki fim din Egboro na Antilia Heights Production 'The Heir Apparent' a watan Agusta 2018. Robert Peters ne ya ba da umarnin fim din kuma an harbe shi a Atlanta da Legas Najeriya tare da 'yan wasan [[Nollywood]], [[Richard Mofe-Damijo]] da Joseph Benjamin . == Sanarwa == Tun da farko a cikin 2018, Egboro ya sami takardar shaidar girmamawa daga masu shirya bikin fina-finai na Nollywood Travel a Arewacin Amurka, kuma a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, 2018, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Doctorate ta girmamawa daga Jami'ar Jakadancin Duniya ta Trinity, Atlanta. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] gmffnmlm8uoppvqu9kuzvlgf6nxz429 0 63316 967951 786793 2026-10-15T19:09:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Alouini Photo Oct-2021 KAUST-CEMSE-ECE-CTL-Mohamed-Slim-Alouini-DSC 4001-4K.jpg|thumb|Mohamed slim alouni]] [[Fayil:BIL Sayada, les intervenants, 17 novembre 2012.jpg|thumb|hoton shi da abokai]] '''Mohamed-Slim Alouini''' kwararre ne kuma Farfesa ne a fannin injiniyan lantarki da na'ura mai kwakwalwa a jami'ar King Abdullah of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, a lardin Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Bincikensa sun haɗa da yin gyara-gyare, zane, da aikin bincike na wireless, tauraron dan adam, da tsarin sadarwa na gani. Shi ma'aikaci ne na Cibiyar Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) da [https://www.optica.org/en-us/home/ OPTICA] (wanda aka fi sani da Optical Society of America (OSA).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alouini, Mohamed-Slim |url=https://twas.org/directory/alouini-mohamed-slim |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=TWAS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alouini Mohamed-Slim {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/alouini-mohamed-slim |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=www.aasciences.africa |archive-date=2022-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120022935/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/alouini-mohamed-slim |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mohamed-Slim Alouini |url=https://www.kaust.edu.sa/en/study/faculty/mohamed-slim-alouini |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=www.kaust.edu.sa}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Mohamed-Slim Alouini {{!}} CTL {{!}} Communication Theory Lab |url=https://cemse.kaust.edu.sa/ctl/people/person/mohamed-slim-alouini |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=cemse.kaust.edu.sa |language=en |archive-date=2022-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120023026/https://cemse.kaust.edu.sa/ctl/people/person/mohamed-slim-alouini |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37274291900 |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=ieeexplore.ieee.org}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:Alouini Photo Oct-2021 KAUST-CEMSE-ECE-CTL-Mohamed-Slim-Alouini-DSC 4001-4K.jpg|thumb|Mohammed-Slim Alouini]] An haife shi a [[Tunis]], Tunisia. A cikin shekarar 1993, ya sami Diplome d'Ingenieur, École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications da Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies (DEA) a Electronics a Télécom Paris da Jami'ar Pierre et Marie Curie a Paris, Faransa bi da bi. A cikin shekarar 1995, ya sami digiri na biyu na Kimiyya a Injiniyancin Lantarki (MSEE) daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Georgia, Atlanta a Amurka kuma a cikin shekarar 1998 ya sami PhD a Injiniyancin Lantarki daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta California (Caltech), Pasadena, California. Amurka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Academy of Europe: CV |url=https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Alouini_Mohamed-Slim/CV |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=www.ae-info.org}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Sarki Abdullah (KAUST) a shekarar 2009 a matsayin farfesa na kafa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin malami daga shekarun 1998 zuwa 2004 a Jami'ar Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Amurka. Ya kuma yi aiki a [https://www.qatar.tamu.edu/ Jami'ar Texas A & M a Qatar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207035052/https://www.qatar.tamu.edu/ |date=2023-12-07 }}, Education City, Doha tsakanin shekarun 2004 da 2009.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=AIDRC Seminar Series – Prof. Mohamed-Slim Alouini |url=https://www.tii.ae/seminar/aidrc-seminar-series-prof-mohamed-slim-alouini |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=www.tii.ae |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohamed-Slim Alouini – 6G Wireless Summit 2020 |url=http://www.6gsummit.com/speakers-2/mohamed-slim-alouini/ |access-date=2022-11-20 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120023951/http://www.6gsummit.com/speakers-2/mohamed-slim-alouini/ |archive-date=2022-11-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Zumunci da zama memba == Shi 2022 fellow ne na World Wireless Research Forum (WWRF), Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya (TWAS), 2021 Fellow of [https://www.aaia-ai.org/ Asia-Pacific Artificial Intelligence Association] (AAIA), [https://www.optica.org/en-us/home/ OPTICA] (wanda aka fi sani da Optical Society of America (OSA), 2019 Memba na [https://www.ae-info.org/ Academia Europaea] (AE), [https://euro-acad.eu/ Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Turai] (EASA), 2018 Fellow of the [https://www.aasciences.africa/ African Academy and Science] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725180932/https://www.aasciences.africa/ |date=2021-07-25 }} (AAS), da 2009 Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> == Kyauta == Ya sami [https://twas.org/article/twas-announces-new-slate-award-winners lambar yabo ta UNESCO TWAS a Kimiyyar Injiniyanci] a cikin shekarar 2022, [https://www.comsoc.org/about/awards/career-awards/ieee-communications-society-education-award da lambar yabo ta IEEE Communications Society Award] a shekarar 2021, ya samu [http://takreem.org/laureates lambar yabo ta TAKREEM Foundation a cikin "Nasarar Kimiyya da Fasaha"] a cikin shekarar 2021, [https://obadaprize.com/about-the-prize/ Kyautar NSP Obada (Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Afirka ta Tallafawa)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917043425/https://obadaprize.com/about-the-prize/ |date=2021-09-17 }} a shekara ta 2021, [https://www.kfas.org/media-publications/news/Winners-of-the-Kuwait-Prize-and-Al-Nouri-Prize-for-2020 Kyautar Kuwait a cikin Kimiyyar Kimiyya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111101757/https://www.kfas.org/media-publications/news/Winners-of-the-Kuwait-Prize-and-Al-Nouri-Prize-for-2020 |date=2023-01-11 }} a cikin shekarar 2020, [https://vtsociety.org/award/technical-award/ieee-james-evans-avant-garde-award#recipients IEEE Vehicular Technology Society James Evans Avant Garde Award] a shekara ta 2020, [https://comt.committees.comsoc.org/awards/technical-achievement-award/ lambar yabo ta IEEE Communication Society Communication Theory Technical Committee (CTTC) da lambar yabo] a shekara ta 2019, [https://cemse.kaust.edu.sa/news/professor-alouini-honored-oic-summit-science-and-technology-2017 Inaugural Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Science, Technology, & Innovation Achievement Award in Engineering Sciences], Astana, Kazakhstan a shekarar 2017, [https://shoman.org/en/programs/2/abdul-hameed-shoman-arab-researchers-award/ Kyautar Abdul Hameed Shoman don Masu Binciken [[Larabawa]] a Kimiyyar Injiniyanci] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727181439/https://www.shoman.org/en/programs/2/abdul-hameed-shoman-arab-researchers-award/ |date=2021-07-27 }} , Amman, Jordan a cikin shekarar 2016, [https://wtc.committees.comsoc.org/awards/ IEEE Communication Society Wireless Communications Technical Committee (WTC) Recognition award] a shekara ta 2016. Hakanan shine mai karɓar best paper/poster/video awards/prizes in 22 journals/conferences/challenges. Ya sami lambar yabo a matakin jami'a a Jami'ar Minnesota ([https://scholarswalk.umn.edu/faculty-awards/mcknight-awards/land-grant-professorship McKnight Land-Grant Professorship] - 2001), Jami'ar Texas A&M a Qatar (TAMU-Q Faculty Excellence Award - 2009), da KAUST (CEMSE Faculty Service Award - 2016). Ya samu a shekarar 1999 (i) National Science Foundation (NSF) Award CAREER da (ii) [http://ee.caltech.edu/academics/wilts_prize Charles Wilts Prize] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131231848/https://ee.caltech.edu/academics/wilts_prize |date=2023-01-31 }} da ƙwararren mai bincike mai zaman kansa wanda ya kai ga PhD a Injiniyan Lantarki a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California (Caltech). == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1993]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] m0rwm1bvylkji0qfjg57f0unjxyimz0 0 65807 968099 959279 2026-10-16T08:57:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968099 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Payal Dev''' [[mawaƙi]] ne a ƙasar Indiya yakasance shahararre mawaƙi kuma mawaƙin kiɗa wanda yake rera waƙa da tsara kiɗan fina-finan Hindi. Ta rera "Ab Tohe Jane Na Doongi" daga fim din [[Bajirao Mastani ]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-reviews/music-review-bajirao-mastani/articleshow/50123013.cms | title=Music Review: Bajirao Mastani - Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> da kuma "Bhare Bazaar" daga ''Namaste Ingila'' .<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/namaste-england-music-review-mannan-shaahs-album-is-enjoyable-but-devoid-of-great-recall-value-5385451.html | title=Namaste England music review: Mannan Shaah's album is enjoyable but devoid of great recall value| date=16 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/payal-dev-thoroughly-enjoyed-singing-bhare-bazaar-118100800567_1.html| title=Payal Dev thoroughly enjoyed singing 'Bhare bazaar'| newspaper=Business Standard India| date=8 October 2018}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dev ta fara fitowa a matsayin mawakiya a cikin wakar "Dil Jaaniye" na fim din . Ta kuma samu nasara wajen shirya ''Tum Hi Aana'' a fim din Marjaavaan .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/tum-hi-aana-success-feels-magical-composer-payal-dev/1663572|title=''Tum hi aana'' success feels magical: Composer Payal Dev|date=15 November 2019}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/200108-tum-hi-aana-makes-me-feel-lucky-composer|title=Tum Hi Aana makes me feel lucky as a composer Payal Dev|date=8 January 2020}}</ref> Hakanan an san ta da fassarar waƙar " Genda Pool " tare da Badshah wanda ke da mabiya da suka kai kimanin miliyan ɗari tara da hamsin da biyar 955 kamar na watan Yuni na shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da uku 2023 akan [[YouTube]] . A cikin 2021, Dev ya rera waƙar "Baarish Ban Jaana". Waƙar ta kai ra'ayoyi miliyan 622 a kan [[YouTube]] <ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.bollywoodlife.com/video-gallery/trending-tunes-badshah-and-jacqueline-fernandezs-genda-phool-is-back-on-top-1634689/|title = Trending Tunes: Badshah and Jacqueline Fernandez's Genda Phool is back on top|date = 7 June 2020|access-date = 27 December 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200702070457/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/video-gallery/trending-tunes-badshah-and-jacqueline-fernandezs-genda-phool-is-back-on-top-1634689/|archive-date = 2 July 2020|url-status = dead}}</ref> == Hotuna == {| class="wikitable" | style="background:#ffc;" | | Yana nuna fina-finan da ba a fito ba tukuna |} == Discography a matsayin memba na Apni Dhun == Dev, tare da haɗin gwiwar mijinta - Aditya Dev, sun fara dandalin kiɗa mai zaman kansa mai suna ''Apni Dhun'' a cikin 2020. Payal da Aditya, tare da mawaƙin Bollywood Kunaal Vermaa, sun haɗu tare da masu fasaha da yawa kamar Altaf Raja, B Praak da dai sauransu. {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="background:#cfc; text-align:center;" |'''Shekara''' ! style="background:#cfc; text-align:center;" | '''Wakoki''' ! style="background:#cfc; text-align:center;" | '''Mawaƙa''' ! style="background:#cfc; text-align:center;" | '''Mawaka''' ! style="background:#cfc; text-align:center;" | '''Mawallafin mawaƙa''' ! style="background:#cfc; text-align:center;" | '''Bayanan kula''' |- | rowspan="6" | 2020 | ''Iya Sanam'' | Altaf Raja | rowspan="3" | Payal Dev | Kunaal Vermaa | |- | ''Shri Ganesh Mahamantra'' | Payal Dev | Wakokin Gargajiya | |- | ''Kyon'' | B Praak, Payal Dev | Kunaal Vermaa | |- | ''Shri Hanuman Chalisa'' | Shatrughan Sinha, Pawan Singh | Payal Dev-Aditya Dev | Wakokin Gargajiya | |- | ''Mama Ina Sonki'' | Jazz | rowspan="8" | Payal Dev | rowspan="2" | Kunaal Vermaa | |- | ''Sayyam Rakh'' | Payal Dev | |- | rowspan="wikietable" | 2021 | ''A halin yanzu'' | Pawan Singh, Payal Dev and Rap na Mohsin Shaikh | Mohsin Shaikh, Payal Dev | |- | rowspan="3" | 2022 | ''Mehfooz Hai'' | Ankit Tiwari | Sandeep Deswal | |- | ''Pyar Hai'' | Altamash Faridi | Rashmi Virag | |- | ''Tauba'' | Badshah, Payal Dev | Payal Dev | |- | rowspan="2" | 2023 | ''Intezaar Karne Do'' | Amarjeet Jaikar | Kunaal Vermaa | |- | ''Barishon'' | Udit Narayan, Payal Dev | Rashmi Virag | |- |} == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] fv6dkc6wju6rn4sk8r5dj4srudm56c4 0 71633 968173 967718 2026-10-16T10:14:37Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Makirci */ 968173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Sugar Rush fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka na Najeriya na 2019 wanda Jadesola Osiberu da Bunmi Ajakaiye suka rubuta, kuma Kayode Kasum ne ya ba da umarni. Tauraron fim din Adesua Etomi, Bisola Aiyeola da Bimbo Ademoye a cikin manyan matsayi.[1] Fim din ya fito ne a wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019 daidai da Kirsimeti kuma ya buɗe ga sake dubawa daga masu sukar.[2][3] Duk da sake dubawa, fim din ya zama nasarar ofishin jakadancin kuma ya zama Fim na huɗu mafi girma na Najeriya a kowane lokaci a cikin 202;, a cikin 2024 ya zama fim din Najeriya na goma sha ɗaya mafi girma a kowane lokac == Makirci == 'Yan uwan Sugar sun gano ($ 800,000) a gidan wani mutum mai cin hanci da rashawa, Cif Douglas. A cikin 'yan kwanaki masu zuwa, sun fara kashe wasu kudaden ne kawai don saduwa da Waterloo lokacin da mafia ta zo neman hannun jari. Koyaya, labarin ya kai ga EFCC (Kwamitin Kula da Laifukan Tattalin Arziki da Kudi) inda suka ba da takardar izinin bincike ga 'yan'uwa mata Sugar, saboda ba su iya samun kuɗin ba. Ba tare da sanin 'yan'uwa mata ba, saurayin Sola, Andy ya sace sauran kuɗin. Yayin da 'yan'uwa mata ke ƙoƙarin dawo da kuɗin daga gare shi, sai ya rasa ransa a cikin tsari, kuma wani ya sace kuɗin. Gina, shugaban kungiyar 'yan ta'adda wanda ke neman kudi, ta aika da mutanenta don sace' yan uwan Sugar kuma ta tilasta musu su sace karin kudi daga "The White Lion", Anikulapo, wani sanannen mutum da aka sani da samun mafi yawan kadarorin Najeriya wanda shi ma tsohon mijin Gina ne. 'Yan uwan Sugar sun haɗu da wasu jami'an EFCC kuma sun sami nasarar sata kuɗin. Gina ta sadu da su a wani ɓoye kuma ta nemi kuɗin ta, inda ta sadu da shugaban EFCC, wanda a bayyane ya yarda ya kashe Cif Douglas saboda kuɗin ya kasance nasa. Anikulapo ya kama su kuma ya bukaci kudi. Abubuwa suna da zafi, kuma akwai harbi. Gina ta rasa rayuwarta a cikin tsari. Abin farin ciki 'yan'uwa mata Sugar da jami'an EFCC sun sami damar tserewa tare da kuɗin. Anikulapo ya kama su, ya ɗauki kuɗin, kuma ya bukaci a kashe su a cikin wuta, amma sun sami damar tserewa. Ya ƙare a wani wuri inda Anikulapo ya gano cewa kuɗin bai cika ba kuma karya ne, a wannan lokacin 'yan uwan Sugar sun ɓace. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Bimbo Ademoye]] a matsayin Bola Sugar * [[Bisola Aiyeola]] a matsayin Sola Sugar * Iya Rainbow a matsayin Rhoda Sugar * [[Adesua Etomi|Adesua Etomi-Wellington]] a matsayin Susie Sugar * [[Idowu Philips]] a matsayin Rhoda Sugar * [[Uzor Arukwe]] a matsayin Knight * [[Tobi Bakre]] a matsayin Andy * [[Mawuli Gavor]] a matsayin Dan * Jide Kosoko a matsayin Cif Douglas * [[Toke Makinwa]] a matsayin Gina * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Kpala * [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Mrs. Madueke * [[Banky W]] a matsayin Anikulapo, aka White Lion * Uchemba Williams a matsayin Obum * [[D'banj|D'Banj]] a matsayin kansa (bayyanar musamman) == Fitarwa == Babban hoton fim din da aka gudanar na kwanaki 14 a wurare daban-daban a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. == Ofishin akwatin == Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 40 a karshen mako na farko tun lokacin da aka saki Kirsimeti kuma ya zama fim na biyar mafi girma a Nollywood a shekarar 2019 tare da dala miliyan 58.76. Fim din ya shiga kulob din miliyan 100 a watan Janairun 2020. == Karɓar baƙi == Nollywood Reinvented ya kimanta fim din da kashi 51 cikin 100 <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2020 |title=Sugar Rush Movie Review |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2020/07/sugar-rush.html |access-date=2020-07-05 |website=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref> yana mai cewa fim din shine "wannan sabon tsarin nollywood a mafi ƙarfinsa: manyan kayan fasaha da sanannun shahararrun mutane da kuma wasan kwaikwayo daidai da blockbuster". Ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon da Bimbo Ademoye ya yi da kuma jagorancin Kayode Kasum amma ya kammala da cewa "Sugar Rush ya fi bayyana shi azaman nishaɗi mara hankali". A cikin bita, Nollywood Post ya ce "Sugar rush ya sami damar kama hankalin masu sauraron sa tun daga farko. Zaɓin da ya dace don farawa da yanayin azabtarwa. Nan da nan mutum yana son gano abin da ya haifar da taron kuma hakan yana da yabo. Ba wai kawai ya fara da kyau ba, amma jerin abubuwan ban dariya a cikin labarin suma suna da nishaɗi". Nishaɗi na Najeriya A yau ya ce "Sugar Rush ba cikakke ba ne amma kamar yadda fina-finai na wasan kwaikwayo ke tafiya, ya fi cikakkiyar kunshin fiye da duk sauran manyan fina-falla na ofishin wasan kwaikwayo da aka saki a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Tabbas yana ƙusa da aikin da ya fi kyau, yana ƙusawa da shugabanci da kuma ƙusa da tattaunawa da ƙananan makirci. Yana riƙe da kyau na gani ba tare da kasancewa ba dole ba, wanda ba za a iya faɗi game da sauran manyan fina'ikan wasan kwaikwayo na shekaru goma da yawa da suka gabata ba. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="9" |2020 | rowspan="9" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo - Turanci|{{Won}} | rowspan="9" | |- |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Comedy|{{Nom}} |- |Mai yin fim mafi kyau|{{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Gyara|{{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Cinematography|{{Nom}} |- |Fim na Shekara|{{Nom}} |- |Daraktan Shekara|{{Nom}} |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} rvty6w2hy1ljhg7wo1yll6oqvucsv5c 0 71849 967853 909770 2026-10-15T14:36:08Z Matar Nasir 45916 An kirkira ta fassara "__LEAD_SECTION__" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378180287|Eddie Ugbomah]]" 967853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Eddie Ugbomah (19 Disamba 1940 [1] - 11 Mayu 2019) ya kasance daraktan fina-finai da kuma furodusa Na Najeriya. Ya bayar da umarni kuma ya samar da fina-finai kamar Rise da Fall of Oyenusi a 1979, The Boy is Good da Apalara, fim game da rayuwar da kisan Alfa Apalara a Oko Awo, Legas . Shirye-shiryen wasu fina-finai sun dogara ne akan abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa, The Rise and Fall of Oyenusi ya dogara ne akan aikin sanannen ɗan fashi, Ishola Oyenusi .[2] '''An haifi Eddie Ugbomah''' a (19 Disamba 1940 - 11 Mayu 2019) ya kasance darektan fina-finai da kuma furodusa [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]]. Ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da fina-finai kamar The Rise da Fall of Oyenusi a 1979, da The Boy is Good, da Apalara, fim game da rayuwar da kisan [[Alfa Apalara]] a Oko Awo, Legas . Wasu fina-finain ana shirya sune bisa wasu alamura da suka faru a rayuwa ta zahiri. Rise and Fall of Oyenusi ya dogara ne akan aikin shahararren ɗan fashi. Ishola Oyenusi . == Rayuwa da aiki == Ugbomah ɗan asalin ƙauyen Ashaka ne a yankin [[Aboh]] a yankin ƙaramar hukumar East Ndokwa na [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], kudu maso kudu da [[Najeriya]] amma ya girma a yankin [[Obalende]] da Lafiaji na [[Lagos (birni)|Jihar Legas]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a St Matthias, Lafiaji, Legas da makarantar Kwalejin Birni. Ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Landan]] don karatun kwaleji kuma ya halarci kwalejoji daban-daban yana karatun aikin jarida, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma fim daga baya. Bayan karatunsa, ya yi aiki tare da [[BBC]] kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a Dr.No, Guns a Batasi da Sharpeville Massacre . Ya kasance mamba na ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Afro-Caribbean kuma ya ba da umarnin wasu wasannin ƙungiyar kamar This is Our Chance, wasan da aka shirya a Stoke Newington Theatre Hall . Ya koma Najeriya a shekara ta 1975 kuma ya shiga cikin gabatar da kide-kide kafin ya fara Edifosa, kamfanin samar da fim.{{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}} Fina-finai na Ugbomah yawanci suna magance batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa na zamani. A shekara ta 1979, ya samar da Dr Oyenusi, shirin fim ɗin da aka dauka daga kanun labarai game da wani sanannen ɗan fashi, Ishola Oyenusi wanda ya tsoratar da Lagosians a farkon shekarun 1970.{{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}}Fim din ya kuma shiga cikin barazanar fashi da makami a Najeriya. Oyenusi ya nuna Ugbomah a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Fim din Ugbomah na gaba, Mask, an sake shi a shekarar 1979. Abubuwan fim din sun dogara ne akan [[Tarihin Najeriya]] a lokacin Benin Expedition na 1897 da kuma satar kayan tarihi daga fadar Benin. A cikin Mask, mai gabatarwa Obi, wanda Ugbomah ya buga ya yi ƙoƙari ya sace abin rufe fuska na hauren hauren Benin a asirce kuma ya mayar da shi Najeriya. Wasu masu sukar sun kwatanta halin Obi da wakilin MI6 [[James Bond]]. {{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}}Ayyukan Ugbomah sun bunƙasa a farkon shekarun 1980 suna samar da fina-finai kamar Oil Doom, Bolus '80 da The Boy is Good . Yawancin fina-finai an harbe su a cikin 16mm ban da The Mask . Daga baya a cikin aikinsa Ugbomah ya juya zuwa fina-finai na bidiyo na [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]]. A shekara ta 1988, an nada shi shugaban kamfanin fina-finai na Najeriya Ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Mayu 2019, yana da shekaru 78. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Jinin a cikin Lagoon (2015) a matsayin Douglas Bello'' * ''War Front (2004) a matsayin Brigadier Janar Castro'' * ''Amurka ko Mutu'' (1996) * ''Toriade'' (1989) * ''Babban Yunkurin'' (1988) * ''Omiran'' (1986) * ''Apalara'' (1986) * ''Esan'' (1985) * ''Mutuwar Shugaban Baƙar fata'' (1984) * ''Ramuwar gayya'' (1984) * ''Yaron yana da kyau'' (1978) * ''Bolus '80'' (1982) * ''Rashin Man Fetur'' (1980) * ''Abin rufe fuska'' (1979) * ''Tashi da Faɗuwar Oyenusi'' (1977) == Dubi kuma == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Delta]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] eahvcqka0lk2m32806ktnbxse8hf7mm 967854 967853 2026-10-15T14:42:07Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* */ 967854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''An haifi Eddie Ugbomah''' a (19 Disamba 1940 - 11 Mayu 2019) ya kasance darektan fina-finai da kuma furodusa [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]]. Ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da fina-finai kamar The Rise da Fall of Oyenusi a 1979, da The Boy is Good, da Apalara, fim game da rayuwar da kisan [[Alfa Apalara]] a Oko Awo, Legas . Wasu fina-finain ana shirya sune bisa wasu alamura da suka faru a rayuwa ta zahiri. Rise and Fall of Oyenusi ya dogara ne akan aikin shahararren ɗan fashi. Ishola Oyenusi . == Rayuwa da aiki == Ugbomah ɗan asalin ƙauyen Ashaka ne a yankin [[Aboh]] a yankin ƙaramar hukumar East Ndokwa na [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], kudu maso kudu da [[Najeriya]] amma ya girma a yankin [[Obalende]] da Lafiaji na [[Lagos (birni)|Jihar Legas]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a St Matthias, Lafiaji, Legas da makarantar Kwalejin Birni. Ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Landan]] don karatun kwaleji kuma ya halarci kwalejoji daban-daban yana karatun aikin jarida, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma fim daga baya. Bayan karatunsa, ya yi aiki tare da [[BBC]] kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a Dr.No, Guns a Batasi da Sharpeville Massacre . Ya kasance mamba na ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Afro-Caribbean kuma ya ba da umarnin wasu wasannin ƙungiyar kamar This is Our Chance, wasan da aka shirya a Stoke Newington Theatre Hall . Ya koma Najeriya a shekara ta 1975 kuma ya shiga cikin gabatar da kide-kide kafin ya fara Edifosa, kamfanin samar da fim.{{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}} Fina-finai na Ugbomah yawanci suna magance batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa na zamani. A shekara ta 1979, ya samar da Dr Oyenusi, shirin fim ɗin da aka dauka daga kanun labarai game da wani sanannen ɗan fashi, Ishola Oyenusi wanda ya tsoratar da Lagosians a farkon shekarun 1970.{{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}}Fim din ya kuma shiga cikin barazanar fashi da makami a Najeriya. Oyenusi ya nuna Ugbomah a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Fim din Ugbomah na gaba, Mask, an sake shi a shekarar 1979. Abubuwan fim din sun dogara ne akan [[Tarihin Najeriya]] a lokacin Benin Expedition na 1897 da kuma satar kayan tarihi daga fadar Benin. A cikin Mask, mai gabatarwa Obi, wanda Ugbomah ya buga ya yi ƙoƙari ya sace abin rufe fuska na hauren hauren Benin a asirce kuma ya mayar da shi Najeriya. Wasu masu sukar sun kwatanta halin Obi da wakilin MI6 [[James Bond]]. {{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}}Ayyukan Ugbomah sun bunƙasa a farkon shekarun 1980 suna samar da fina-finai kamar Oil Doom, Bolus '80 da The Boy is Good . Yawancin fina-finai an harbe su a cikin 16mm ban da The Mask . Daga baya a cikin aikinsa Ugbomah ya juya zuwa fina-finai na bidiyo na [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]]. A shekara ta 1988, an nada shi shugaban kamfanin fina-finai na Najeriya Ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Mayu 2019, yana da shekaru 78. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Jinin a cikin Lagoon (2015) a matsayin Douglas Bello'' * ''War Front (2004) a matsayin Brigadier Janar Castro'' * ''Amurka ko Mutu'' (1996) * ''Toriade'' (1989) * ''Babban Yunkurin'' (1988) * ''Omiran'' (1986) * ''Apalara'' (1986) * ''Esan'' (1985) * ''Mutuwar Shugaban Baƙar fata'' (1984) * ''Ramuwar gayya'' (1984) * ''Yaron yana da kyau'' (1978) * ''Bolus '80'' (1982) * ''Rashin Man Fetur'' (1980) * ''Abin rufe fuska'' (1979) * ''Tashi da Faɗuwar Oyenusi'' (1977) == Dubi kuma == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Delta]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] 04yymgsi1lch0f9x7lxc8y245bmc87h 967966 967854 2026-10-15T20:33:11Z Matar Nasir 45916 /* Rayuwa da aiki */ 967966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''An haifi Eddie Ugbomah''' a (19 Disamba 1940 - 11 Mayu 2019) ya kasance darektan fina-finai da kuma furodusa [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]]. Ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da fina-finai kamar The Rise da Fall of Oyenusi a 1979, da The Boy is Good, da Apalara, fim game da rayuwar da kisan [[Alfa Apalara]] a Oko Awo, Legas . Wasu fina-finain ana shirya sune bisa wasu alamura da suka faru a rayuwa ta zahiri. Rise and Fall of Oyenusi ya dogara ne akan aikin shahararren ɗan fashi. Ishola Oyenusi . == Rayuwa da aiki == Ugbomah ɗan asalin ƙauyen Ashaka ne a yankin [[Aboh]] ta ƙaramar hukumar East Ndokwa na [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], kudu maso kudu da [[Najeriya]] amma ya girma a yankin [[Obalende]] da Lafiaji na [[Lagos (birni)|Jihar Legas]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a St Matthias, Lafiaji, Legas da makarantar Kwalejin Birni. Ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Landan]] don karatun kwaleji kuma ya halarci kwalejoji daban-daban yana karatun aikin jarida, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma fim daga baya. Bayan karatunsa, ya yi aiki tare da [[BBC]] kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a Dr.No, Guns a Batasi da Sharpeville Massacre . Ya kasance mamba na ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Afro-Caribbean kuma ya ba da umarnin wasu wasannin ƙungiyar kamar This is Our Chance, wasan da aka shirya a Stoke Newington Theatre Hall . Ya koma Najeriya a shekara ta 1975 kuma ya shiga cikin gabatar da kide-kide kafin ya fara Edifosa, kamfanin samar da fim.{{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}} Fina-finai na Ugbomah yawanci suna magance batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa na zamani. A shekara ta 1979, ya samar da Dr Oyenusi, shirin fim ɗin da aka dauka daga kanun labarai game da wani sanannen ɗan fashi, Ishola Oyenusi wanda ya tsoratar da Lagosians a farkon shekarun 1970.{{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}}Fim din ya kuma shiga cikin barazanar fashi da makami a Najeriya. Oyenusi ya nuna Ugbomah a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Fim din Ugbomah na gaba, Mask, an sake shi a shekarar 1979. Abubuwan fim din sun dogara ne akan [[Tarihin Najeriya]] a lokacin Benin Expedition na 1897 da kuma satar kayan tarihi daga fadar Benin. A cikin Mask, mai gabatarwa Obi, wanda Ugbomah ya buga ya yi ƙoƙari ya sace abin rufe fuska na hauren hauren Benin a asirce kuma ya mayar da shi Najeriya. Wasu masu sukar sun kwatanta halin Obi da wakilin MI6 [[James Bond]]. {{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}}Ayyukan Ugbomah sun bunƙasa a farkon shekarun 1980 suna samar da fina-finai kamar Oil Doom, Bolus '80 da The Boy is Good . Yawancin fina-finai an harbe su a cikin 16mm ban da The Mask . Daga baya a cikin aikinsa Ugbomah ya juya zuwa fina-finai na bidiyo na [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]]. A shekara ta 1988, an nada shi shugaban kamfanin fina-finai na Najeriya Ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Mayu 2019, yana da shekaru 78. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Jinin a cikin Lagoon (2015) a matsayin Douglas Bello'' * ''War Front (2004) a matsayin Brigadier Janar Castro'' * ''Amurka ko Mutu'' (1996) * ''Toriade'' (1989) * ''Babban Yunkurin'' (1988) * ''Omiran'' (1986) * ''Apalara'' (1986) * ''Esan'' (1985) * ''Mutuwar Shugaban Baƙar fata'' (1984) * ''Ramuwar gayya'' (1984) * ''Yaron yana da kyau'' (1978) * ''Bolus '80'' (1982) * ''Rashin Man Fetur'' (1980) * ''Abin rufe fuska'' (1979) * ''Tashi da Faɗuwar Oyenusi'' (1977) == Dubi kuma == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Delta]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] nrauqjg6vwk457rhudubjukabwus5c7 968078 967966 2026-10-16T07:41:33Z Baby juuu 38856 968078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''An haifi Eddie Ugbomah''' a (19 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta 1940 - 11 Mayu 2019) ya kasance darektan fina-finai da kuma furodusa [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]]. Ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da fina-finai kamar The Rise da Fall of Oyenusi a 1979, da The Boy is Good, da Apalara, fim game da rayuwar da kisan [[Alfa Apalara]] a Oko Awo, Legas . Wasu fina-finain ana shirya sune bisa wasu alamura da suka faru a rayuwa ta zahiri. Rise and Fall of Oyenusi ya dogara ne akan aikin shahararren ɗan fashi. Ishola Oyenusi . == Rayuwa da aiki == Ugbomah ɗan asalin ƙauyen Ashaka ne a yankin [[Aboh]] ta ƙaramar hukumar East Ndokwa na [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], kudu maso kudu da [[Najeriya]] amma ya girma a yankin [[Obalende]] da Lafiaji na [[Lagos (birni)|Jihar Legas]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a St Matthias, Lafiaji, Legas da makarantar Kwalejin Birni. Ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Landan]] don karatun kwaleji kuma ya halarci kwalejoji daban-daban yana karatun aikin jarida, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma fim daga baya. Bayan karatunsa, ya yi aiki tare da [[BBC]] kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a Dr.No, Guns a Batasi da Sharpeville Massacre . Ya kasance mamba na ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Afro-Caribbean kuma ya ba da umarnin wasu wasannin ƙungiyar kamar This is Our Chance, wasan da aka shirya a Stoke Newington Theatre Hall . Ya koma Najeriya a shekara ta 1975 kuma ya shiga cikin gabatar da kide-kide kafin ya fara Edifosa, kamfanin samar da fim.{{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}} Fina-finai na Ugbomah yawanci suna magance batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa na zamani. A shekara ta 1979, ya samar da Dr Oyenusi, shirin fim ɗin da aka dauka daga kanun labarai game da wani sanannen ɗan fashi, Ishola Oyenusi wanda ya tsoratar da Lagosians a farkon shekarun 1970.{{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}}Fim din ya kuma shiga cikin barazanar fashi da makami a Najeriya. Oyenusi ya nuna Ugbomah a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Fim din Ugbomah na gaba, Mask, an sake shi a shekarar 1979. Abubuwan fim din sun dogara ne akan [[Tarihin Najeriya]] a lokacin Benin Expedition na 1897 da kuma satar kayan tarihi daga fadar Benin. A cikin Mask, mai gabatarwa Obi, wanda Ugbomah ya buga ya yi ƙoƙari ya sace abin rufe fuska na hauren hauren Benin a asirce kuma ya mayar da shi Najeriya. Wasu masu sukar sun kwatanta halin Obi da wakilin MI6 [[James Bond]]. {{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}}Ayyukan Ugbomah sun bunƙasa a farkon shekarun 1980 suna samar da fina-finai kamar Oil Doom, Bolus '80 da The Boy is Good . Yawancin fina-finai an harbe su a cikin 16mm ban da The Mask . Daga baya a cikin aikinsa Ugbomah ya juya zuwa fina-finai na bidiyo na [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]]. A shekara ta 1988, an nada shi shugaban kamfanin fina-finai na Najeriya Ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Mayu 2019, yana da shekaru 78. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Jinin a cikin Lagoon (2015) a matsayin Douglas Bello'' * ''War Front (2004) a matsayin Brigadier Janar Castro'' * ''Amurka ko Mutu'' (1996) * ''Toriade'' (1989) * ''Babban Yunkurin'' (1988) * ''Omiran'' (1986) * ''Apalara'' (1986) * ''Esan'' (1985) * ''Mutuwar Shugaban Baƙar fata'' (1984) * ''Ramuwar gayya'' (1984) * ''Yaron yana da kyau'' (1978) * ''Bolus '80'' (1982) * ''Rashin Man Fetur'' (1980) * ''Abin rufe fuska'' (1979) * ''Tashi da Faɗuwar Oyenusi'' (1977) == Dubi kuma == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Delta]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] q1my9fmtb5ceje5n8mhtuuemxrked6r 968079 968078 2026-10-16T07:42:12Z Baby juuu 38856 968079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''An haifi Eddie Ugbomah''' a (19 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta 1940 - 11 ga watan Mayu a shekara ta 2019) ya kasance darektan fina-finai da kuma furodusa [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]]. Ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da fina-finai kamar The Rise da Fall of Oyenusi a 1979, da The Boy is Good, da Apalara, fim game da rayuwar da kisan [[Alfa Apalara]] a Oko Awo, Legas . Wasu fina-finain ana shirya sune bisa wasu alamura da suka faru a rayuwa ta zahiri. Rise and Fall of Oyenusi ya dogara ne akan aikin shahararren ɗan fashi. Ishola Oyenusi . == Rayuwa da aiki == Ugbomah ɗan asalin ƙauyen Ashaka ne a yankin [[Aboh]] ta ƙaramar hukumar East Ndokwa na [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], kudu maso kudu da [[Najeriya]] amma ya girma a yankin [[Obalende]] da Lafiaji na [[Lagos (birni)|Jihar Legas]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a St Matthias, Lafiaji, Legas da makarantar Kwalejin Birni. Ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Landan]] don karatun kwaleji kuma ya halarci kwalejoji daban-daban yana karatun aikin jarida, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma fim daga baya. Bayan karatunsa, ya yi aiki tare da [[BBC]] kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a Dr.No, Guns a Batasi da Sharpeville Massacre . Ya kasance mamba na ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Afro-Caribbean kuma ya ba da umarnin wasu wasannin ƙungiyar kamar This is Our Chance, wasan da aka shirya a Stoke Newington Theatre Hall . Ya koma Najeriya a shekara ta 1975 kuma ya shiga cikin gabatar da kide-kide kafin ya fara Edifosa, kamfanin samar da fim.{{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}} Fina-finai na Ugbomah yawanci suna magance batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa na zamani. A shekara ta 1979, ya samar da Dr Oyenusi, shirin fim ɗin da aka dauka daga kanun labarai game da wani sanannen ɗan fashi, Ishola Oyenusi wanda ya tsoratar da Lagosians a farkon shekarun 1970.{{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}}Fim din ya kuma shiga cikin barazanar fashi da makami a Najeriya. Oyenusi ya nuna Ugbomah a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Fim din Ugbomah na gaba, Mask, an sake shi a shekarar 1979. Abubuwan fim din sun dogara ne akan [[Tarihin Najeriya]] a lokacin Benin Expedition na 1897 da kuma satar kayan tarihi daga fadar Benin. A cikin Mask, mai gabatarwa Obi, wanda Ugbomah ya buga ya yi ƙoƙari ya sace abin rufe fuska na hauren hauren Benin a asirce kuma ya mayar da shi Najeriya. Wasu masu sukar sun kwatanta halin Obi da wakilin MI6 [[James Bond]]. {{Sfn|Ukadike|1989}}Ayyukan Ugbomah sun bunƙasa a farkon shekarun 1980 suna samar da fina-finai kamar Oil Doom, Bolus '80 da The Boy is Good . Yawancin fina-finai an harbe su a cikin 16mm ban da The Mask . Daga baya a cikin aikinsa Ugbomah ya juya zuwa fina-finai na bidiyo na [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]]. A shekara ta 1988, an nada shi shugaban kamfanin fina-finai na Najeriya Ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Mayu 2019, yana da shekaru 78. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Jinin a cikin Lagoon (2015) a matsayin Douglas Bello'' * ''War Front (2004) a matsayin Brigadier Janar Castro'' * ''Amurka ko Mutu'' (1996) * ''Toriade'' (1989) * ''Babban Yunkurin'' (1988) * ''Omiran'' (1986) * ''Apalara'' (1986) * ''Esan'' (1985) * ''Mutuwar Shugaban Baƙar fata'' (1984) * ''Ramuwar gayya'' (1984) * ''Yaron yana da kyau'' (1978) * ''Bolus '80'' (1982) * ''Rashin Man Fetur'' (1980) * ''Abin rufe fuska'' (1979) * ''Tashi da Faɗuwar Oyenusi'' (1977) == Dubi kuma == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Delta]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] q2tfm9kvber8kouh2r0d2bs6quz913s 0 80868 968058 892772 2026-10-16T03:57:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Masroor Hosain, Nur Khan, Ayub Khan (Sargodha; 1965).png|thumb|nur khan]] [[Fayil:Masroor Hosain, Nur Khan, Ayub Khan (Sargodha; 1965).png|thumb|nur khan]] '''Nur Khan Liton''' lauya ne ɗan ƙasar [[Bangladesh]] kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin ɗan Adam.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-09-10 |title=An unending wait for justice |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/unending-wait-justice-2172671 |access-date=2023-03-06 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ahasan |first=Nazmul |date=2019-02-01 |title=Vigilante justice or what? |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/more-just-facts/news/vigilante-justice-or-what-1695634 |access-date=2023-03-06 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Shi ne tsohon shugaba kuma babban sakatare na Ain o Salish Kendra, ƙungiyar agaji ta ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fears of radicalization loom |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/504766/jserrors/ajax/aggregate |access-date=2023-03-06 |work=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> Ya yi magana kan kisan gilla da take hakin bil Adama a Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rights violations eclipse development |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/134295/rights-violations-eclipse-development |access-date=2023-03-06 |work=New Age |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306150255/https://www.newagebd.net/article/134295/rights-violations-eclipse-development |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="AFP/Dhaka">{{Cite news |date=2016-10-26 |title=Police kill two Islamist party men in gunfights |url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/518793/police-kill-two-islamist-party-men-in-gunfights |access-date=2023-03-06 |work=Gulf Times |agency=Agence France-Presse |language=en}}</ref> Ya yi suka kan ɓacewar da aka yi a Bangladesh tare da yin kira da a gudanar da bincike kan lamarin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-20 |title=Form credible probe commission |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/rights/news/form-credible-probe-commission-2942901 |access-date=2023-03-06 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == A cikin shekarar 1993, Liton ya rubuta wata kasida a cikin Dhaka Courier mai sukar Dokar Hana Ma'aikata na Yara Sanata Tom Harkin. Ya kasance tare da ƙungiyoyi a Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6FuAAAAMAAJ&q=Nur+Khan+Liton |title=Indonesia News Service |date=1994 |publisher=Indonesia Publications,. |pages=11 |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Mayu 2014, an yi yunkurin sace Liton daga Lalmatia, [[Dhaka]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ALERT! Attempted Abduction of Bangladesh Human Rights Defender |url=https://www.askbd.org/ask/?wysija-page=1&controller=email&action=view&email_id=19&wysijap=subscriptions |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=askbd.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=BANGLADESH: Abduction insanity targets Nur Khan |url=http://www.humanrights.asia/news/ahrc-news/AHRC-STM-090-2014/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=Asian Human Rights Commission |language=en-US}}</ref> Wannan dai ya kasance ne a daidai lokacin da wasu fitattun mutane suka yi garkuwa da su a Bangladesh da suka hrefaɗa da Kisa Bakwai na Narayangadia<ref>https://www-tbsnews-net.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/waiting-govt-disband-rab-nur-khan-liton-1024166?amp_js_v=a6&amp_gsa=1&amp&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#aoh=17479079679439&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbsnews.net%2Fbangladesh%2Fwaiting-govt-disband-rab-nur-khan-liton-1024166 {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Liton ya shigar da littafin diary ga ofishin ‘yan sanda na Mohammadpur game da lamarin. <ref name=":0" /> Liton da wasu fitattun masu fafutuka 58 sun yi kira ga gwamnati da ta saki Mahmudur Rahman Manna, mai gabatar da kara na Nagorik Oikya, a watan Disamba 2015.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2014-05-15 |title=Rights activist Nur Khan escapes abduction bid |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/rights-activist-nur-khan-escapes-abduction-bid-24236 |access-date=2023-03-06 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2016, ya yi kira da a gudanar da bincike kan mutuwar shugabannin Jamaat-e-Islami na Bangladesh guda biyu da aka kashe a wani harin bindiga da ake zargin 'yan sandan Bangladesh ne. Liton ya shaidawa [[New York Times|jaridar The New York Times]] cewa bayan harin Dhaka na watan Yulin 2016 gwamnatin Bangladesh ta kashe mutane akalla 31 da ake zargi da ta'addanci a harbe-harbe.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahmud |first=Faisal |title=Over 100 drug dealers surrender in Bangladesh crackdown |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/2/16/over-100-drug-dealers-surrender-in-bangladesh-crackdown |access-date=2023-03-06 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Liton ya yi magana game da sace Farhad Mazhar a watan Yuli 2017. Ya soki kisan gilla da aka yi a lokacin yakin miyagun kwayoyi na Bangladesh a cikin shekarar 2018. A shekarar 2019, Liton ya bayyana gobara a cikin unguwannin marasa galihu a matsayin dabarar korar talakawa daga gidajensu sakamakon wata babbar gobara a Chittagong. Ya yi kira ga gwamnatin Bangladesh da ta yi wa wani jami’in ‘ yan sandan tsaron kan iyaka na Myanmar tambayoyi da ke tsare a yankin Bangladesh, ya kuma ce ‘yan gudun hijirar Rohingya a Bangladesh sun yi zargin cewa suna da hannu a take hakkin bil’adama a kan ‘yan [[Rohingya]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=cy |first=Lu |date=2019-01-28 |title=Missing Myanmar Border Guard Officer Found in Bangladesh Still Waiting Return |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/missing-myanmar-border-guard-officer-found-bangladesh-still-waiting-return.html |access-date=2023-03-06 |magazine=The Irrawaddy |language=en-US}}</ref> Liton ya yi Allah-wadai da kama Ahmed Kabir Kishore, wani mai zane-zane, a shekarar 2020 yayin ɓarkewar cutar COVID-19 a Bangladesh. Ya soki 'yan sanda da suka ziyarci gidan Zillur Rahman, mai masaukin baki Tritiyo Matra, kuma ya bayyana hakan a matsayin dabarar tsoratarwa a cikin watan Disamba 2022. Ya yabawa takunkumin da Amurka ta kakabawa Bangladesh da cewa ta dakatar da kashe-kashen ba bisa ka'ida ba a kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US sanctions have stopped Bangladesh killings: rights activists - Region - World |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/460931.aspx |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=Ahram Online}}</ref> A cikin watan 2023, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba Liton lambar yabo ta Global Defender Defender Awards. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2023 |title=U.S. Ambassador Honors Bangladeshi Winners of Environmental, Governance, and Human Rights Awards |url=https://bd.usembassy.gov/29263/ |access-date=6 March 2023 |website=[[Embassy of the United States, Dhaka]]}}</ref> Liton mai ba da shawara ne na Ƙungiyar Tallafawa Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dtkl2rjhr9umephnfvtstplhdb94qwn 0 85533 968052 708108 2026-10-16T02:32:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968052 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{databox}} '''Nina Nunes''' (née Ansaroff; an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 1985) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherdog.com |title=Nina |url=http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Nina-Ansaroff-69632 |access-date=2018-06-19 |website=Sherdog}}</ref> tsohuwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta kasar Amurka wacce ta yi gasa ta ƙarshe a cikin ƙungiyar mata ta Ultimate Fighting Championship . == Tarihi == An haifi Nunes kuma ta girma a Weston, Florida . Kakanninta na uwa sun fito ne daga Arewacin Makidoniya.<ref name="ufc15">{{Cite web |last=Straka |first=Mike |date=2015-05-19 |title=Nina Ansaroff Making Her True UFC Debut &#124; UFC &reg – News |url=http://www.ufc.com/news/Nina-Ansaroff-Making-Her-True-UFC-Debut |access-date=2015-12-29 |website=Ufc.com}}</ref> Nunes ta fara yin Taekwondo yana da shekaru 6.<ref name="UFCProfile">{{Cite web |date=14 September 2018 |title=Nina Nunes {{!}} UFC |url=https://www.ufc.com/athlete/nina-nunes |access-date=April 11, 2021 |website=UFC.com}}</ref> Ta yi kokawa yayin da take Makarantar Sakandare ta Yankin Lake . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nina Ansaroff |url=https://playerswiki.com/nina-ansaroff/}}</ref> Ta fara horo a cikin zane-zane a cikin 2009 a matsayin hanyar rasa nauyi da kuma taimakawa ci gaba da kasancewa cikin tsari bayan hadarin babur.<ref name="UFCProfile" /> == Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed == Nunes ta fara yin sana'a a shekarar 2010 tana fafatawa a cikin gabatarwa na yanki, kuma ta tara rikodin 5-3 kafin ta shiga Invicta FC.<ref name="UFCProfile"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=John Morgan |date=2014-11-07 |title=After nearly cutting career short, Nina Ansaroff predicts KO at UFC Fight Night 56 |url=http://mmajunkie.com/2014/11/after-nearly-cutting-career-short-nina-ansaroff-predicts-ko-at-ufc-fight-night-56 |access-date=2015-03-17 |publisher=mmajunkie.com}}</ref> === Invicta FC === Nunes ta fara gabatar da ita ta farko a kan Munah Holland a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 2013, a Invicta FC 7. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Al Stover |date=2013-11-14 |title=Nina Ansaroff and Munah Holland looking for first Invicta win |url=http://fansided.com/2013/11/14/nina-ansaroff-munah-holland-looking-first-invicta-win/ |access-date=2015-03-17 |publisher=fansided.com}}</ref> Nunes ya lashe yakin ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na uku kuma ya sami kyautar kyautar Knockout of the Night . <ref name="TKO+Namajunas">{{Cite web |last=Neil Rooke |date=2015-02-23 |title=Rose Namajunas vs. Nina Ansaroff Slated for UFC 187 |url=http://combatpress.com/2015/02/rose-namajunas-vs-nina-ansaroff-expected-for-ufc-fight-night-68/ |access-date=2015-03-17 |publisher=combatpress.com}}</ref> === Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe === Nunes ta fara bugawa a gasar Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) da [[Juliana Lima]] a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 2014, a UFC Fight Night 56. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ben Fowlkes |date=2014-10-22 |title=What the MMA community got wrong about Nina Ansaroff's crowdfunding effort |url=http://mmajunkie.com/2014/10/what-the-mma-community-got-wrong-about-nina-ansaroffs-crowdfunding-effort |access-date=2015-03-17 |publisher=mmajunkie.com}}</ref> Nunes ya rasa yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steven Marrocco |date=2014-11-08 |title=UFC Fight Night 56 results: Juliana Lima has rude welcome for Nina Ansaroff |url=http://mmajunkie.com/2014/11/ufc-fight-night-56-results-juliana-lima-has-rude-welcome-for-nina-ansaroff |access-date=2015-03-17 |publisher=mmajunkie.com}}</ref> Ana sa ran Nunes za ta fuskanci Rose Namajunas a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2015, a UFC 187. <ref name="TKO+Namajunas"/> Nunes ta rasa nauyi a yunkurin farko da ta yi a auna, ta zo cikin nauyin kilo 4 a kilo 120.<ref name="ufc187w">{{Cite web |date=May 22, 2015 |title=UFC 187 weigh-in results: Title fighters on target; Weidman-Belfort get heated |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2015/05/ufc-187-live-and-official-weigh-in-results |website=[[MMAjunkie.com]] |access-date=September 30, 2024 |archive-date=February 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223170604/https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2015/05/ufc-187-live-and-official-weigh-in-results |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan da ba ta yi ƙoƙari ta kara yankewa ba, an ci ta tarar kashi 20 cikin 100 na jakar yaƙi, wanda ya tafi Namajunas.<ref name="ufc187w" /> Koyaya, a ranar taron, likitocin UFC sun cire Nunes daga wasan bayan ya kamu da cutar mura. A sakamakon haka, an cire Namajunas daga taron gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marc Raimondi |date=May 23, 2015 |title=Nina Ansaroff has flu, fight with Rose Namajunas off UFC 187 card |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2015/5/23/8650333/nina-ansaroff-has-flu-fight-with-rose-namajunas-off-ufc-187-card |publisher=mmafighting.com}}</ref> Nunes na gaba ya fuskanci Justine Kish a UFC 195 a ranar 2 ga Janairu, 2016. <ref name="TwoAdded">{{Cite web |last=Thomas Gerbasi |date=2015-11-04 |title=Jan. Action Heats Up with Two New Bouts |url=http://www.ufc.com/news/Jan-Action-Heats-Up-with-Two-New-Adds |access-date=2015-11-05 |publisher=ufc.com}}</ref> Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brent Brookhouse |date=January 2, 2016 |title=UFC 195 results: Justine Kish tops Nina Ansaroff for decision win in UFC debut |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2016/01/ufc-195-results-justine-kish-tops-nina-ansaroff-for-unanimous-decision-win-in-ufc-debut |website=[[MMAjunkie.com]]}}</ref> Nunes ta fuskanci Jocelyn Jones-Lybarger a UFC Fight Night: Rodríguez vs. Penn a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 20, 2016 |title=Ansaroff vs. Jones-Lybarger, Mendes vs. Saenz set for UFC Fight Night 103 in Phoenix |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2016/12/ansaroff-vs-jones-lybarger-mendes-vs-saenz-set-for-ufc-fight-night-103-in-phoenix-1 |website=[[MMAjunkie.com]]}}</ref> Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MMA Junkie Staff |date=15 January 2017 |title=Video: Watch Nina Ansaroff's grappling prowess to tap Jocelyn Jones-Lybarger UFC Fight Night 103 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2017/01/video-watch-nina-ansaroffs-grappling-prowess-to-tap-jocelyn-jones-lybarger-ufc-fight-night-103 |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}</ref> Nunes ta fuskanci Angela Hill a UFC Fight Night: Poirier vs. Pettis a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 2017. Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya. Nunes ta fuskanci [[Randa Markos]] a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 2018, a UFC a kan Fox: Alvarez vs. Poirier 2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marcel Dorff |date=11 April 2018 |title=Randa Markos treft Nina Ansaroff tijdens UFC on FOX 30 in Calgary |url=http://mmadna.nl/randa-markos-treft-nina-ansaroff-tijdens-ufc-on-fox-30-in-calgary/ |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=mmadna.nl |language=nl}}</ref> Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya. Nunes ta fuskanci [[Cláudia Gadelha]] a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2018, a UFC 231. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marcel Dorff |date=2018-09-05 |title=Former title defender Claudia Gadelha meets Nina Ansaroff at UFC 231 in Toronto |url=http://mmadna.nl/voormalig-titeluitdaagster-claudia-gadelha-treft-nina-ansaroff-tijdens-ufc-231-in-toronto/ |access-date=2018-09-05 |publisher=mmadna.nl |language=nl}}</ref> Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherdog.com |title=UFC 231 Prelims: Unranked Nina Ansaroff Upsets No. 4 Strawweight Claudia Gadelha |url=http://www.sherdog.com/news/news/UFC-231-Prelims-Unranked-Nina-Ansaroff-Upsets-No-4-Strawweight-Claudia-Gadelha-146703 |access-date=2018-12-09 |website=Sherdog}}</ref> Nunes ta fuskanci [[Tatiana Suarez]] a ranar 8 ga Yuni, 2019, a UFC 238. <ref name="twoadded">{{Cite web |last=Damon Martin |date=2018-03-11 |title=Tatiana Suarez vs. Nina Ansaroff set for UFC 238 |url=https://www.mmaweekly.com/tatiana-suarez-vs-nina-ansaroff-katlyn-chookagian-vs-joanne-calderwood-set-for-ufc-238/ |access-date=2019-03-11 |publisher=MMAWeekly.com}}</ref> Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-09 |title=UFC 238 results: Tatiana Suarez tested but outpoints Nina Ansaroff |url=https://mmajunkie.com/2019/06/ufc-238-results-tatiana-suarez-tested-but-outpoints-nina-ansaroff |access-date=2019-06-09 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2019, Nunes ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta dakatar da aikinta na mixed martial arts don ƙoƙarin samun ɗanta na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marc Raimond |date=October 10, 2019 |title=UFC's Nina Ansaroff takes one year off, wants to have baby |url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/27815357/ufc-nina-ansaroff-takes-one-year-wants-baby |website=espn.com}}</ref> Kokarin ya yi nasara kamar yadda a watan Maris na 2020, matarsa Amanda Nunes ta sanar da cewa ma'auratan suna tsammanin ɗansu na farko, wanda za a haifa daga baya a wannan shekarar. Nina Nunes ta haifi 'yar a watan Satumbar 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ Amanda Nunes🦁 on Instagram: "I wanna tell every single person on this planet that.... Raegan Ann Nunes will be here mid September! I cannot wait to see her. ❤️ Gente…" |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B9XuCxKAVxj/ |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715204740/https://www.instagram.com/p/B9XuCxKAVxj/ |archive-date=2023-07-15 |access-date=2020-10-18 |website=Instagram |language=en |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Nunes ta fuskanci Mackenzie Dern a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2021, a UFC a kan ABC 2.<ref name="Ansaroff vs. Dern">{{Cite web |last=Jamal Boussenaf |date=2021-01-13 |title=Mackenzie Dern treft Nina Ansaroff op 10 april |url=https://mmadna.nl/mackenzie-dern-treft-nina-ansaroff-op-10-april/ |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=MMA DNA |language=nl}}</ref> Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar armbar na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doherty |first=Dan |date=2021-04-10 |title=UFC Vegas 23 Results: Mackenzie Dern Quickly Submits Nina Nunes |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2021/04/10/ufc-vegas-23-results-mackenzie-dern/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref> Nunes an shirya ta fuskanci Amanda Lemos a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2021, a UFC Fight Night 199 . <ref name="Lemos vs Ansaroff">{{Cite web |date=2021-08-19 |title=UFC adds Amanda Lemos vs. Nina Nunes to Dec. 18 event |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2021/08/amanda-lemos-vs-nina-nunes-ansaroff-december-18-ufc-fight-booking-women-mma |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref> Koyaya, an cire Nunes daga wasan saboda dalilin da ba a bayyana ba kuma Angela Hill ta maye gurbin ta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marcel Dorff |date=2021-11-09 |title=Angela Hill vervangt Nina Nunes tegen Amanda Lemos op 18 december tijdens UFC FN 199 |url=https://mmadna.nl/angela-hill-vervangt-nina-nunes-tegen-amanda-lemos-op-18-december-tijdens-ufc-fn-199/ |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=MMA DNA |language=nl}}</ref> ==== Ka matsa zuwa rukunin nauyi mai nauyi ==== Nunes an shirya ta fuskanci Cynthia Calvillo a cikin wani tsalle-tsalle a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2022, a UFC a kan ESPN 39. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-14 |title=Nina Nunes to make flyweight debut vs. Cynthia Calvillo at UFC Fight Night on July 9 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2022/04/ufc-news-nina-nunes-vs-cynthia-calvillo-flyweight-bout-booked-july-9 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref> Koyaya, ranar taron, Nunes ya janye saboda rashin lafiya kuma an soke wasan da farko, amma daga ƙarshe an sake tsara shi don UFC a kan ESPN 41 a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jose Youngs |date=2022-07-09 |title=Nina Nunes out of UFC Vegas 58 with 'stomach virus,' hopes to reschedule fight against Cynthia Calvillo |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2022/7/9/23183509/nina-nunes-out-of-ufc-vegas-58-with-stomach-virus-hopes-to-reschedule-fight-against-cynthia-calvillo |access-date=2022-07-09 |publisher=mmafighting.com}}</ref> Nunes ta lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara, kuma ta sanar da ritayar ta bayan yakin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2022-08-13 |title=UFC San Diego: Nina Nunes Retires Off Win Over Cynthia Calvillo |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2022/08/13/ufc-san-diego-cynthia-calvillo-vs-nina-nunes/ |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Alexander K. |date=2022-08-13 |title=UFC San Diego video: Nina Nunes announces retirement after decision win over Cynthia Calvillo |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2022/8/13/23304572/ufc-san-diego-video-nina-nunes-announces-retirement-after-decision-win-over-cynthia-calvillo |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref> === Jiragen Ruwa === * [[Marcus "Conan" Silveira]] - Babban Kocin * Mike Brown * Thiago Alves * Steve Mocco - Gwagwarmaya * Phil Daru - Babban Kocin Ƙarfi da Yanayi * Jose Rojas - Ƙarfi & Yanayi / Abinci == Rayuwa ta mutum == Nunes ta auri mai gwagwarmayar UFC mai ritaya Amanda Nunes, tsohuwar UFC ta mata ta Bantamweight da Featherweight . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2020 |title=All You Need to Know About Amanda Nunes and Her Wife Nina Ansaroff |url=https://www.essentiallysports.com/ufc-mma-news-all-you-need-to-know-about-amanda-nunes-and-her-wife-nina-ansaroff/ |access-date=30 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211203431/https://www.essentiallysports.com/ufc-mma-news-all-you-need-to-know-about-amanda-nunes-and-her-wife-nina-ansaroff/ |archive-date=11 February 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun yi maraba da 'yar a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 25, 2020 |title=UFC Fighters Amanda Nunes and Nina Ansaroff Welcome Daughter Raegan Ann: 'Dream Come True' |url=https://people.com/parents/amanda-nunes-nina-ansaroff-welcome-daughter-raegan-ann/ |website=PEOPLE.com |language=EN}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na 2021 ta fara amfani da sunan karshe Nunes a cikin UFC. Yaƙin da ta yi a ranar 10 ga watan Afrilu da Mackenzie Dern shine yaƙin farko da ta yi da sabon sunanta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Mookie |date=April 9, 2021 |title=UFC Vegas 23: Vettori vs. Holland staff picks and predictions |url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2021/4/9/22375784/ufc-vegas-23-vettori-vs-holland-staff-picks-predictions |access-date=April 10, 2021 |publisher=[[SB Nation|Bloody Elbow]] |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410010846/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2021/4/9/22375784/ufc-vegas-23-vettori-vs-holland-staff-picks-predictions |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == * '''Gasar Gwagwarmayar Invicta''' ** Knockout of the Night (Wata lokaci) <small>vs. Munah Holland</small> == Rubuce-rubucen zane-zane == {{MMArecordbox|draws=|nc=|ko-wins=4|sub-wins=2|dec-wins=5|ko-losses=|sub-losses=2|dec-losses=5|dq-wins=|dq-losses=|other-wins=|other-losses=}}{{MMA record start}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |align=center|11–7 |[[Cynthia Calvillo]] |Decision (split) |[[UFC on ESPN: Vera vs. Cruz]] |{{dts|2022|August|13}} |align=center|3 |align=center|3:00 |[[San Diego, California]], United States |{{Small|Return to Flyweight.}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |align=center|10–7 |[[Mackenzie Dern]] |Submission (armbar) |[[UFC on ABC: Vettori vs. Holland]] |{{dts|2021|April|10}} |align=center|1 |align=center|4:48 |[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States | |- |{{no2}}Loss |align=center|10–6 |[[Tatiana Suarez]] |Decision (unanimous) |[[UFC 238]] |{{dts|2019|June|8}} |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |[[Chicago, Illinois]], United States | |- |{{yes2}}Win |align=center|10–5 |[[Cláudia Gadelha]] |Decision (unanimous) |[[UFC 231]] |{{dts|2018|December|8}} |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |[[Toronto]], Canada | |- |{{yes2}}Win |align=center|9–5 |[[Randa Markos]] |Decision (unanimous) |[[UFC on Fox: Alvarez vs. Poirier 2]] |{{dts|2018|July|28}} |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |[[Calgary, Alberta]], Canada | |- |{{yes2}}Win |align=center|8–5 |[[Angela Hill]] |Decision (unanimous) |[[UFC Fight Night: Poirier vs. Pettis]] |{{dts|2017|November|11}} |align="center"|3 |align="center"|5:00 |[[Norfolk, Virginia]], United States | |- |{{yes2}}Win |style="text-align:center;"|7–5 |[[Jocelyn Jones-Lybarger]] |Submission (rear-naked choke) |[[UFC Fight Night: Rodríguez vs. Penn]] |{{dts|2017|January|15}} |align="center"|3 |align="center"|3:39 |[[Phoenix, Arizona]], United States | |- |{{no2}}Loss |style="text-align:center;"|6–5 |[[Justine Kish]] |Decision (unanimous) |[[UFC 195]] |{{dts|2016|January|2}} |align="center"|3 |align="center"|5:00 |[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States | |- | {{no2}}Loss | style="text-align:center;"| 6–4 | [[Juliana Lima]] | Decision (unanimous) | [[UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Saint Preux]] | {{dts|2014|November|8}} | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 |[[Uberlândia]], Brazil |{{Small|Strawweight debut.}} |- | {{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"| 6–3 | [[Munah Holland]] | TKO (punches) | [[Invicta FC: Honchak vs. Smith|Invicta FC 7: Honchak vs. Smith]] | {{dts|2013|December|7}} | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 3:54 | [[Kansas City, Missouri]], United States |{{Small|Flyweight bout. Knockout of the Night.}} |- | {{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"| 5–3 | Aylla Caroline Lima | TKO (body kick and punches) | Premier Fight League 10 | {{dts|2013|June|15}} | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 1:25 |[[Serrinha, Bahia|Serrinha]], Brazil | |- | {{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"| 4–3 | Trisha Clark | TKO (punches) | Centurion Fights | {{dts|2013|March|1}} | style="text-align:center;"| 2 | style="text-align:center;"| 2:14 |[[St. Joseph, Missouri]], United States | |- | {{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"| 3–3 | Tyra Parker | Submission (armbar) | Wild Bill's Fight Night 51 | {{dts|2012|December|15}} | style="text-align:center;"| 2 | style="text-align:center;"| 2:00 |[[Duluth, Georgia]], United States | |- | {{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"| 2–3 | Jessica Doerner | TKO (punches) | The Cage Inc.: Battle at the Border 11 | {{dts|2012|November|24}} | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 1:52 |[[Hankinson, North Dakota]], United States | |- | {{no2}}Loss | style="text-align:center;"| 1–3 | Casey Noland | Submission (rear-naked choke) | The Cage Inc.: Battle at the Border 10 | {{dts|2011|July|30}} | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 1:18 |[[Hankinson, North Dakota]], United States | |- | {{no2}}Loss | style="text-align:center;"| 1–2 | [[Barb Honchak]] | Decision (unanimous) | Crowbar MMA: Spring Brawl 2 | {{dts|2011|April|29}} | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 |[[Grand Forks, North Dakota]], United States | |- | {{No2}}Loss | style="text-align:center;"| 1–1 | [[Carla Esparza]] | Decision (split) | Crowbar MMA: Winter Brawl | {{dts|2010|December|10}} | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 |[[Grand Forks, North Dakota]], United States | |- | {{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"| 1–0 | Catia Vitoria | Decision (unanimous) | Crowbar MMA: Fall Brawl | {{dts|2010|September|11}} | style="text-align:center;"| 5 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 |[[Fargo, North Dakota]], United States | {{End}}{{MMA amateur record box|draws=|nc=|ko-wins=2|ko-losses=|sub-wins=|sub-losses=|dec-wins=1|dec-losses=|dq-wins=|dq-losses=|other-wins=|other-losses=}}{{MMA record start}} |- | {{yes2}}Win |align=center| 3–0 | Jenny Yum | Decision (unanimous) | HOOKnSHOOT – GFight Summit 2010 | {{dts|2010|March|20}} |align=center| 3 |align=center| 3:00 | [[Evansville, Indiana]], United States | |- | {{yes2}}Win<ref name="Nina Nunes Awakening Profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.awakeningfighters.com/athletes/nina-ansaroff|title=Nina Ansaroff Awakening she retired from mms this AugustProfile|publisher=Awakeningfighters.com|access-date=2016-02-17|archive-date=2015-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103210832/http://www.awakeningfighters.com/athletes/nina-ansaroff/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |align=center| 2–0 | Christy Tada | TKO (referee stoppage) | The Future Stars of MMA | {{dts|2009|April|24}} |align=center| 1 |align=center| 0:46 | | |- | {{yes2}}Win<ref name="Nina Nunes Awakening Profile" /> |align=center| 1–0 | Sara Seitz | TKO (submission to punches) | Xplosive Caged Combat | {{dts|2008|January|11}} |align=center| 3 |align=center| 1:30 | | {{End}} == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mata masu zane-zane == manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Professional MMA record for Nina NunesdagaSherdog * Nina NunesaUFC {{UFC Women's Strawweight Rankings}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nunes, Nina}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ncy0y214vqqp2i11ku03auyxj215q1j 0 86743 968046 537687 2026-10-16T01:46:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nicholas Andrew Tsaroulla''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1999) kwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda yake buga kwallo a matsayin dan wasan gefe na kungiyar County . An haife shi a Ingila, ya wakilci Cyprus a matakin yan kwallo matasa. == Ayyukan kulob dinsa == === Shekaru na farko === Tsaroulla ya fara aikinsa tare da Whetstone Wanderers kuma ya koma makarantar Tottenham Hotspur yana da shekaru 12. <ref name="SpursProfile">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2018 |title=Nick Tsaroulla |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/development-squad/nick-tsaroulla/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615162753/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/development-squad/nick-tsaroulla/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=10 November 2020 |website=tottenhamhotspur.com}}</ref><ref name="FirstInterview">{{Cite AV media}}</ref> Tsaroulla ya sami nasarar aiki tare da yan kasa da shekaru 18 (ya lashe Kofin Koriya ta Kudu na 2014 da Kofin IMG na 2016) , amma saboda hadarin mota da yasaka ya sha wahala a watan Yulin 2017 ya sa aka sakeshi a karshe kakar 2017-18.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Under-16s lift South Korea Cup |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news-archive-1/under-16s-lift-south-korea-cup/ |access-date=12 May 2019 |website=Tottenham Hotspur |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Under-18s lift IMG Cup in Florida! |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news-archive-1/under-18s-lift-img-cup-in-florida/ |access-date=12 May 2019 |website=Tottenham Hotspur |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Proving Spurs wrong gives me a lot of drive">{{Cite web |last=Hytner |first=David |date=11 January 2021 |title=Crawley's Nick Tsaroulla: 'Proving Spurs wrong gives me a lot of drive' |url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/jan/11/crawleys-nick-tsaroulla-proving-spurs-wrong-gives-me-a-lot-of-drive |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Player update |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/2018/june/player-update/ |access-date=12 May 2019 |website=Tottenham Hotspur |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya ya kwashe shekara guda yana gyara lafiyarsa.<ref name="FirstInterview2">{{Cite AV media}}</ref> == Brentford == A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2019, Tsaroulla ya shiga brentford a kan kyauta kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda, tare da zaɓi na ƙarin shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nick Tsaroulla joins Brentford B |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2019/may/nick-tsaroulla-signs/ |access-date=12 May 2019 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510151742/https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2019/may/nick-tsaroulla-signs/ |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni 31 na a lokacin kakar wasa daya da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nine players depart Brentford FC |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2020/july/nine-players-released-by-brentford-fc/ |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707050826/https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2020/july/nine-players-released-by-brentford-fc/ |archive-date=7 July 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya fara fitowa a fagen wasa na farko a matsayin wanda yayi chanj a inda suka samu nasarar 2-0 ta a kan kungiyar Ipswich Town a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 2020 kuma ya fara buga wasan farko a 1-1 tare da colchester united wata daya bayan haka.<ref name="Soccerbase2021">{{Soccerbase season|id=114320|season=2020|accessdate=10 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2020 |title=Colchester United 1–1 Crawley Town |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/55053350 |access-date=2 December 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Crawley Town == Bayan horo na makonni shida tare da Crawley Town, Tsaroulla ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda tare da kulob din a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2020, tare da zaɓi na kara cike wata yarjejeniyar.<ref name="SignsCrawley">{{Cite web |title=Reds make double signing |url=https://www.crawleytownfc.com/news/2020/october/2-new-signings/ |access-date=10 October 2020 |website=www.crawleytownfc.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> Tsaroulla ya ci kwallayensa na farko a matsayin babban dan wasa a fitowarsa ta bakwai a nasarar da suka samu 3-0 FA Cup a zagaye na uku a kan kungiyar Premier League a ranar 10 ga Janairun 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2021 |title=Crawley crush Leeds in stunning FA Cup upset |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/55575508 |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> A hirar da akayi dashi bayan wasan, Tsaroulla ya kusayin kuka, yana mai cewa "ya fita daga cikin kwanakin kunci ".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glover |first=Betty |last2=Ollerenshaw |first2=Tracy |date=11 January 2021 |title=Crawley's FA Cup hero Nick Tsaroulla's 'dark and difficult time' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-55620428 |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Bayan ya zira kwallo sau ɗaya a cikin wasanni 21 daya buga a cikin yakin neman shiga cikin teburin wasanni na shekakrar 2020-21, <ref name="Soccerbase20212">{{Soccerbase season|id=114320|season=2020|accessdate=10 October 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2021 |title=Crawley crush Leeds in stunning FA Cup upset |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/55575508 |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> ya lashe lambar yabo ta Young Player of the Season da Goal of the Season.<ref>{{Fchd|id=CRAWLEYT|name=Crawley Town F.C.}}</ref><ref name="poty2021">{{Cite news |last=Dunford |first=Mark |date=26 May 2021 |title=Crawley Town end of season awards: Nick Tsaroulla and Tom Nichols the winners |url=https://www.crawleyobserver.co.uk/sport/football/crawley-town-end-of-season-awards-nick-tsaroulla-and-tom-nichols-the-winners-watch-the-awards-here-3250208 |access-date=27 May 2021 |work=Crawley & Horley Observer |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2021, ya sanya hannu kan sabon kwangilar shekaru biyu tare da zaɓi na ƙarin shekara. Zai yi bayyanarsa ta 100 ga kulob din a cikin asarar 3-1 ga Notts County. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pole |first=Matt |date=11 May 2021 |title=FA Cup hero signs new deal at Crawley Town |url=https://www.crawleyobserver.co.uk/sport/football/fa-cup-hero-signs-new-deal-at-crawley-town-3232974 |access-date=11 May 2021 |website=Crawley Observer |language=en}}</ref> == Notts County == A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2024, ya shiga Notts County kan kwangilar shekaru biyu tare da zaɓi na shekara ta uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Signing: Nick Tsaroulla |url=https://www.nottscountyfc.co.uk/news/2024/june/signing-nick-tsaroulla-190624/ |website=www.nottscountyfc.co.uk}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A shekarar 2019, Cyprus sun saka Tsaroulla a matakin yan kasa da shekara 21. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Four wins from five in Under-21 Qualifying on Friday |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2019/september/under-21-qualifying-round-up-20190907/ |access-date=7 September 2019 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |EFL Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Crawley Town |2020–21 |League Two |17 |0 |3 |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |21 |1 |- |2021–22 |League Two |27 |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |28 |3 |- |2022–23 |League Two |28 |2 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |30 |2 |- |2023–24 |League Two |43 |4 |1 |0 |0 |0 |5 |2 |52 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !115 !9 !4 !1 !2 !0 !7 !2 !131 !12 |- |Notts County |2024–25 |League Two |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !116 !9 !4 !1 !2 !0 !7 !2 !132 !12 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1887ybhqarry61yn9u8sqkylhx4yr8c 0 89764 967967 816533 2026-10-15T20:45:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Mughlai paratha|image=Mughlai Kheema Paratha.JPG|caption=Mughlai paratha made in [[Karnataka, India]]}} '''Mughlai paratha''' ( Rubutun Roman: Moglai pôrata ) sanannen abincin yaren Bengali ne na kan titi wanda ya ƙunshi biredi mai laushi ( ''paratha'' ) wanda aka nannade ko kuma a cushe shi da ''keema'' (nama mai ɗanɗano) da/ko kwai. <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|edition=Colleen Taylor}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|edition=Colleen Taylor}}</ref> An yi imanin cewa ya samo asali ne daga Bengal Subah a lokacin [[Mughal Empire|daular Mughal]] a matsayin wanda ya samo asali daga Gözleme na Turkiyya ko kuma [[Murtabak|Motabbaq]] na Yemen. <ref name="getbengal.com">{{Cite web |title=Was it the British who named Kolkata's favourite Mughlai paratha? |url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/was-it-the-british-who-named-kolkatas-favourite-mughlai-paratha |access-date=2020-09-24 |website=Get Bengal |quote=The Turks introduced Indians to Gözleme, a delicious traditional Turkish savoury. It is a flatbread recipe stuffed with spiced and minced lamb or beef filling. It is somewhat similar to Mughlai paratha and can be called the precursor of Mughlai Parantha itself. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325230127/https://www.getbengal.com/details/was-it-the-british-who-named-kolkatas-favourite-mughlai-paratha |archive-date=2025-03-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An yi yarda cewa ana shirya ta ne don gidan sarauta na Mughal Emperor Jahangir. <ref name="food.ndtv.com">{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Mughlai Paratha: We Bet You Can't Resist This Meat Filled Deep-Fried Egg Paratha from Bengal |url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/mughlai-paratha-we-bet-you-cant-resist-this-meat-filled-deep-fried-egg-paratha-from-bengal-1727173 |access-date=2020-09-24 |website=NDTV Food |quote=Food Critic Bikramjeet Ray sees a lot of similarities between the Mughlai paratha and the Arabic or Lebanese breads, where you find a square-shaped and deep fried bread or wrap stuffed with meat. |archive-date=2020-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017113744/https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/mughlai-paratha-we-bet-you-cant-resist-this-meat-filled-deep-fried-egg-paratha-from-bengal-1727173 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == Mughlai paratha na ɗaya daga cikin girke-girke na Mughlai waɗanda suka shiga Abincin Bengali a lokacin [[Mughal Empire|Daular Mughal]]. An yi imanin cewa Mughlai paratha ya samo asali ne a lokacin mulkin Mughal Jahangir kuma Turks ne suka gabatar da Bengalis zuwa Gözleme, abinci mai dadi na gargajiya na Turkiyya. Kayan girke-girke ne na gurasa da ake cikawa da naman rago mai ɗanɗano ko naman sa. Yana da kama da Mughlai paratha kuma ana iya kiransa magajin Mughlai. Mulkin Mughal galibi ya rinjayi abincin manyan biranen gudanarwa na Bengal Subah, kamar [[Dhaka]] da Murshidabad, maimakon yankin karkara.Wannan yana daya daga cikin shahararrun abinci a [[Bangladesh]], musamman a [[Dhaka]], saboda tasirin Daular Mughal a kan al'adun abinci na yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-26 |title=Royal member of the paratha family |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/lifestyle/food/royal-member-the-paratha-family-1467541 |access-date=2024-09-24 |publisher=The Daily Star}}</ref>Abincin ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Kolkata]] a [[Bengal ta Yamma|Yammacin Bengal]] daga tsoffin manyan biranen Bengal Subah, kamar Dhaka da Murshidabad , bayan Kolkata ta zama babban birnin sabuwar Shugabancin Bengal, a karkashin Birtaniya Raj, kuma abincin ya zama sanannen abincin titi a Kolkata. <ref name="getbengal.com"/> == Abubuwan da ake yin amfani da su == Abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen shirya Mughlai paratha na iya haɗawa da garin alkama, flour, [[Ghee|man shanu]], ƙwai, albasa da aka yanka da kyau, yankakken koren tattasai, tarugu, da yankakken ganyen coriader.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mughlai Paratha |url=http://food.ndtv.com/recipe-mughlai-paratha-98844 |website=NDTV Food |access-date=2024-12-26 |archive-date=2016-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125065824/http://food.ndtv.com/recipe-mughlai-paratha-98844 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wani lokaci ana amfani da kaza, naman sa ko rago keema da wasu bambance-bambance. Hakanan ana iya ci ba tare da nama ba don cikawa. == Dubi kuma ==   * Abincin Bangladesh * Jerin abincin Bangladesh * Abincin Indiya * Jerin abincin Indiya * Jerin abinci na titi * [[Murtabak]] * [[Mahdjouba]] == Manazarta == ba9xqqlxvk3cy0rsljv8rreqtyw5g9m 0 92107 967947 967788 2026-10-15T19:06:55Z Baby juuu 38856 967947 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Nathalie Kovanko</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Кованько_Наталья_Ивановна,актр.(отк.27)_1916-1918гг_0e35221b12_b.jpg|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline">Natalia Ivanovna Kowanko</div>13 Satumba 1899<br /><br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Yalta]], [[Crimea]], [[Russian Empire|Daular Rasha]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ya mutu | class="infobox-data" |23 Mayu 1967 <span style="display:none">(1967-05-23)</span> (shekaru 67) &nbsp;<br /><div class="deathplace" style="display:inline">[[Kiev]], [[Ukrainian SSR|SSR ta Ukraine]], [[Soviet Union|Tarayyar Soviet]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aiki | class="infobox-data role" |'Yar wasan kwaikwayo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Shekaru masu aiki&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |1917-1934 (fim) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Matar aure | class="infobox-data" |[[Victor Tourjansky]] |} '''Nathalie Ivanovna Kovanko''' (Ukrainian; 13 ga watan satumba 1899 - 23 Mayu 1967) 'yar fim din Rasha ce ta Zamanin shiru wacce ta yi aiki a Faransa.[1] An haife ta Natalia Ivanovna Kovanko a Crimea, sannan wani ɓangare na Daular Rasha, a cikin 1919 ta yi hijira zuwa Faransa bayan Juyin Juya Halin Rasha. Ta auri Viktor Tourjansky, abokin gudun hijira. Daga baya ta koma zama a USSR, inda ta mutu a shekarar 1967. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Mace mai rufe fuska'' (1924) * Yarima Charming (1925) * ''Michel Strogoff'' (1926) * Volga a cikin Wutar (1934) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Bayanan littattafai == * Michelangelo Capua. ''Anatole Litvak: Rayuwa da Fim''. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|0468350}} {{Authority control}} 67qjwhdvn8hz681wmzg3xa5zfy8179a 967948 967947 2026-10-15T19:07:35Z Baby juuu 38856 967948 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Nathalie Kovanko</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Кованько_Наталья_Ивановна,актр.(отк.27)_1916-1918гг_0e35221b12_b.jpg|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline">Natalia Ivanovna Kowanko</div>13 Satumba 1899<br /><br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Yalta]], [[Crimea]], [[Russian Empire|Daular Rasha]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ya mutu | class="infobox-data" |23 Mayu 1967 <span style="display:none">(1967-05-23)</span> (shekaru 67) &nbsp;<br /><div class="deathplace" style="display:inline">[[Kiev]], [[Ukrainian SSR|SSR ta Ukraine]], [[Soviet Union|Tarayyar Soviet]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aiki | class="infobox-data role" |'Yar wasan kwaikwayo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Shekaru masu aiki&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |1917-1934 (fim) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Matar aure | class="infobox-data" |[[Victor Tourjansky]] |} '''Nathalie Ivanovna Kovanko''' (Ukrainian; 13 ga watan satumba a 1899 - 23 Mayu 1967) 'yar fim din Rasha ce ta Zamanin shiru wacce ta yi aiki a Faransa.[1] An haife ta Natalia Ivanovna Kovanko a Crimea, sannan wani ɓangare na Daular Rasha, a cikin 1919 ta yi hijira zuwa Faransa bayan Juyin Juya Halin Rasha. Ta auri Viktor Tourjansky, abokin gudun hijira. Daga baya ta koma zama a USSR, inda ta mutu a shekarar 1967. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Mace mai rufe fuska'' (1924) * Yarima Charming (1925) * ''Michel Strogoff'' (1926) * Volga a cikin Wutar (1934) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Bayanan littattafai == * Michelangelo Capua. ''Anatole Litvak: Rayuwa da Fim''. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|0468350}} {{Authority control}} 40x3wyayoox1h856pkdwgzs2e9afv9k 967949 967948 2026-10-15T19:08:11Z Baby juuu 38856 967949 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Nathalie Kovanko</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Кованько_Наталья_Ивановна,актр.(отк.27)_1916-1918гг_0e35221b12_b.jpg|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline">Natalia Ivanovna Kowanko</div>13 Satumba 1899<br /><br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Yalta]], [[Crimea]], [[Russian Empire|Daular Rasha]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ya mutu | class="infobox-data" |23 Mayu 1967 <span style="display:none">(1967-05-23)</span> (shekaru 67) &nbsp;<br /><div class="deathplace" style="display:inline">[[Kiev]], [[Ukrainian SSR|SSR ta Ukraine]], [[Soviet Union|Tarayyar Soviet]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aiki | class="infobox-data role" |'Yar wasan kwaikwayo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Shekaru masu aiki&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |1917-1934 (fim) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Matar aure | class="infobox-data" |[[Victor Tourjansky]] |} '''Nathalie Ivanovna Kovanko''' (Ukrainian; 13 ga watan satumba a shekara ta 1899 - 23 Mayu 1967) 'yar fim din Rasha ce ta Zamanin shiru wacce ta yi aiki a Faransa.[1] An haife ta Natalia Ivanovna Kovanko a Crimea, sannan wani ɓangare na Daular Rasha, a cikin 1919 ta yi hijira zuwa Faransa bayan Juyin Juya Halin Rasha. Ta auri Viktor Tourjansky, abokin gudun hijira. Daga baya ta koma zama a USSR, inda ta mutu a shekarar 1967. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Mace mai rufe fuska'' (1924) * Yarima Charming (1925) * ''Michel Strogoff'' (1926) * Volga a cikin Wutar (1934) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Bayanan littattafai == * Michelangelo Capua. ''Anatole Litvak: Rayuwa da Fim''. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|0468350}} {{Authority control}} s0hq1jzhfwv0ymejz6te4agxkjra4ot 0 92848 968057 791297 2026-10-16T03:57:02Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Aufforderung_zum_HIV-Test_bei_Studentenprotest_Hohoe_2011_B002.jpg|Aufforderung_zum_HIV-Test_bei_Studentenprotest_Hohoe_2011_B002.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Fil 968057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hukumar Kula da Cutar Kanjamau''' ta [[Ghana]] ƙungiya ce mai ma'aikatar ma'auni da ɓangarori da yawa a ƙasar Ghana. An kafa ta hanyar Dokar shekarar ta 2016, Dokar 938 ta sashen [[Majalisar Ghana|Majalisar dokokin Ghana]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana AIDS Commission |url=https://www.ghanaids.gov.gh/ |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=www.ghanaids.gov.gh}}</ref> Ta ƙunshi mambobi 47 ciki har da Shugaban ƙasa da Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa a ƙasar, Ministocin Jiha 15 da mambobi biyu na Majalisar ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CCM Ghana - Ghana AIDS Commission |url=https://ccmghana.net/index.php/2015-2017/hiv-aids/ghana-aids-commission |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=ccmghana.net }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aiki == Hukumar cutar kanjamau ta Ghana na da niyyar kafa manufofi kan cutar kanjamaun daji da cutar kanjamau ɗin. Har ila yau, tana jagorantar ayyuka don mayar da martani ga cutar kanjamau a Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghana AIDS |first=Commission Details |title=Organizations |url=https://www.developmentaid.org/#!/organizations/view/179095/ghana-aids-commission}}</ref> === Shiga tsakani === A shekarar 2024, Hukumar Kula da Cututtukan Cutuka ta Ghana ta rarraba kwaroron roba 35,600 a yankin Upper West a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙari ko huɓɓasa hana yaduwar cutar kanjamau. Shirin ya dace da dabarun ƙasa na Ghana don yaki da cutar kanjamau / AIDS da kuma inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da lafiyar jima'i a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-22 |title=Ghana AIDS Commission distributes over 35,000 condoms in Upper West Region |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/12/ghana-aids-commission-distributes-over-35000-condoms-in-upper-west-region/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed"> Fayil:HIV_Fair_2012_Accra_US_Banner_P01_B002.jpg|HIV Fair 2012 Accra US Banner Fayil:HIV_Fair_2012_Accra_GhaSold_P01_B002a.jpg|HIV Fair 2012 Accra GhaSold Fayil:No_Sex_Signage_in_Ghana.jpg|No Sex Signage in Ghana Fayil:World AIDS Day Maamobi Polyclinic Accra 2014-12-01 P01 B002.jpg|World AIDS Day Maamobi Polyclinic Accra </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ghana AIDS Commission}} [[Category: Hukumomin Gwamnatin Ghana]] [[Category: Hukumomin Gwamnati da aka Kafa a 2016]] [[Category:Ghana]] [[Category: Kiwon Lafiya]] [[Category: Cututtuka]] [[Category: Kanjamau]] [[Category: Kungiyoyi a Accra, Ghana]] hq06ifj3vwvzy9sp4kaif629byobv0j 0 92969 968039 585898 2026-10-16T00:43:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Nazarin mata''''' wata mujallar ilimi ce da ake nazari da ita wanda ke rufe karatun mata wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1972. Littafin mai zaman kansa ne mai zaman kansa wanda ke zaune a Jami'ar Maryland a College Park, Maryland . Baya ga labaran ilimi, mujallar ta kuma buga rubuce-rubuce masu ban sha'awa (waƙoƙi, fiction, da abubuwan tunawa), zane-zane da rubutun fasaha, sake dubawa na littattafai, sharhin siyasa da zamantakewa, tambayoyi, da rahotanni na masu fafutuka. Lokaci-lokaci, ana buga batutuwa na musamman a kan batutuwa kamar Nazarin Chicana; Mata da Kurkuku; Aikin Mata, Matsayi na Jama'a, da Socialism; Jima'i, Cin zarafin Jima'a, Da Masana'i na Jima'iyya; Al'adu da Tarihi a Sabuwar Afirka ta Kudu; Jiki da Kiwon Lafiya; Sake Tunanin Duniya; da Tattalin Arziki na Jima-Jima'i a Indiya. == Tarihi == An kafa mujallar ne a shekarar 1972 a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] ta hanyar malaman mata da masu fafutuka wadanda suka himmatu ga kirkirar mujallar ilimi tare da manyan ka'idoji da dacewa da al'umma. Wannan cibiyar sadarwar mata ta yi imanin cewa ƙungiyar mata tana buƙatar wani taro na nazari don shiga cikin batutuwan da ƙungiyar ta tayar da su da kuma tattara gudummawar masu gwagwarmayar mata da malamai. Dokta Claire Goldberg Moses, farfesa emerita na karatun mata a Jami'ar Maryland, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Claire Moses — Department of Women's Studies at the University of Maryland |url=http://wmst.umd.edu/people/core-faculty/claire-moses |access-date=2020-09-04 |website=University of Maryland |language=en-US}}</ref> ya kasance darektan edita na mujallar sama da shekaru talatin, yana gudanar da shi tare da ƙungiyar malamai a fannoni da wurare da yawa. Jaridar ta ci gaba da shirya ta hanyar rukuni, tare da Ashwini Tambe yanzu a kan jagorancin ta. == Tasiri == ''Nazarin Mata'' ya kasance muhimmiyar hanyar ilimi, yana tsara tunanin mata da aiki tun lokacin da aka tsara shi. Yana da kuma ci gaba da yin amfani da shi a cikin nazarin bil'adama. Jaridar ta ba da gudummawa ga maganganun jama'a, gwagwarmaya, jinsi da nazarin sassaucin ra'ayi gabaɗaya.<ref>{{Cite book|ref=et al.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FS : About the journal Feminist Studies : History |url=https://www.feministstudies.org/aboutfs/history.html |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=www.feministstudies.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708184332/https://www.feministstudies.org/aboutfs/history.html |archive-date=2024-07-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jaridar ta kirkiro dandamali ga mata kuma ta ba da dama ga malamai, masu zane-zane da masu gwagwarmaya. ''Nazarin Mata'' yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin kuma mafi tsawo a cikin tarihin mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Feminist Studies |url=https://www.jstor.org/journal/feministstudies |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=JSTOR |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Obler |first=Bibiana |date=2022 |title=Fifty Years of Art in Feminist Studies: A Retrospective |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/884087 |journal=Feminist Studies |language=en |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=675–698 |doi=10.1353/fem.2022.0046 |issn=2153-3873}}</ref> == Abstracting da indexing == {{Columns-list|* [[Alternative Press Index]] * [[America: History and Life]] * [[Current Contents]] on Social and Behavioral Index * [[EBSCO Information Services|EBSCO databases]] * [[Historical Abstracts]] * [[MLA International Bibliography]] * [[The Philosopher's Index]] * [[ProQuest|ProQuest databases]] * [[Social Sciences Citation Index]] * [[Sociological Abstracts]]}} A cewar Jaridar Citation Reports, mujallar tana da tasirin tasirin 2015 na 0.520, wanda ya sanya shi na 27 daga cikin mujallu 40 a cikin rukunin "Kwarewar Mata". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.feministstudies.org/home.html}} * [https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1308 Rubuce-rubucen Nazarin Mata] a Jami'ar Maryland. 9ejwog1d496crzuhpzt9mro0rb6cjw1 0 97284 967963 637195 2026-10-15T20:01:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Monica Reinach''' (an haife ta a ranar 29 ga watan Satumba Shekara ta 1966) tsohuwar 'yar wasan [[tennis]] ce daga Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.f-ace.net/about-us|title=Christo Van Rensburg for F-ACE - About Us|publisher=f-ace.net|accessdate=20 May 2018|archive-date=28 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628134959/http://f-ace.net/about-us|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == Wata ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan tennis ce daga Pretoria, Reinach ta yi wasa a gasar a cikin shekarun 1980.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.greensboro.com/tennis-coach-plays-pretty-well-too-old-form-returns-in/article_acc49d28-3ec7-51b1-be7c-faa7a5d5ef05.html|title=Tennis Coach Plays Pretty Well, Too|last=Mickey|first=Lisa D.|date=26 June 1991|work=[[News & Record]]|accessdate=20 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315023627/https://greensboro.com/tennis-coach-plays-pretty-well-too-old-form-returns-in/article_acc49d28-3ec7-51b1-be7c-faa7a5d5ef05.html|archive-date=15 March 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ita ce 'yar'uwar [[Elna Reinach]], tare da ita ta yi zagaye na 16 na mata biyu a Gasar Wimbledon ta 1986.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.greensboro.com/tennis-coach-plays-pretty-well-too-old-form-returns-in/article_acc49d28-3ec7-51b1-be7c-faa7a5d5ef05.html|title=Tennis Coach Plays Pretty Well, Too|last=Mickey|first=Lisa D.|date=26 June 1991|work=[[News & Record]]|accessdate=20 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315023627/https://greensboro.com/tennis-coach-plays-pretty-well-too-old-form-returns-in/article_acc49d28-3ec7-51b1-be7c-faa7a5d5ef05.html|archive-date=15 March 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 1987 ta kai matsayi mafi kyau na sau biyu na 75 a duniya. Ta kasance memba na kungiyoyi uku da suka lashe gasar World TeamTennis, tare da Charlotte Heat a shekarun 1987 da 1988, sannan a San Antonio Racquets a shekarar ta 1989.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.greensboro.com/tennis-coach-plays-pretty-well-too-old-form-returns-in/article_acc49d28-3ec7-51b1-be7c-faa7a5d5ef05.html|title=Tennis Coach Plays Pretty Well, Too|last=Mickey|first=Lisa D.|date=26 June 1991|work=[[News & Record]]|accessdate=20 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315023627/https://greensboro.com/tennis-coach-plays-pretty-well-too-old-form-returns-in/article_acc49d28-3ec7-51b1-be7c-faa7a5d5ef05.html|archive-date=15 March 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> Raunin data samu a gwiwa ya haifar da ƙarshen ta na wasan tennis.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.greensboro.com/tennis-coach-plays-pretty-well-too-old-form-returns-in/article_acc49d28-3ec7-51b1-be7c-faa7a5d5ef05.html|title=Tennis Coach Plays Pretty Well, Too|last=Mickey|first=Lisa D.|date=26 June 1991|work=[[News & Record]]|accessdate=20 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315023627/https://greensboro.com/tennis-coach-plays-pretty-well-too-old-form-returns-in/article_acc49d28-3ec7-51b1-be7c-faa7a5d5ef05.html|archive-date=15 March 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta auri tsohon ɗan wasan tennis na Afirka ta Kudu Christo van Rensburg. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christo Van Rensburg for F-ACE - About Us |url=http://www.f-ace.net/about-us |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628134959/http://f-ace.net/about-us |archive-date=28 June 2017 |access-date=20 May 2018 |publisher=f-ace.net}}</ref> Ma'auratan suna zaune a [[Austin|Austin, Texas]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/boeremeisie-in-the-heart-of-texas-389577|title=Boeremeisie in the heart of Texas|last=Gilliam|first=Eva|date=16 February 2008|work=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]]|accessdate=20 May 2018}}</ref> == Wasannin ƙarshe na ITF == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:11%;" !Labari |- style="background:lightblue;" | Gasar $25,000 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Gasar $10,000 |} === Ninki Biyu (10-3) === {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:97%;" !'''Result''' !'''No''' !'''Date''' !'''Tournament''' !'''Surface''' !'''Partner''' !'''Opponents''' !'''Score''' |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |1. |9 December 1984 |Hull, United Kingdom |Hard |{{Flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Cathy Drury]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Ellinore Lightbody]] |6-3, 6-3 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2. |15 April 1985 |Cumberland, United Kingdom |Hard |{{Flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Lorrayne Gracie]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|FRG}} [[Martina Reinhardt]] |6-2, 6-4 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |3. |28 April 1985 |Hatfield, United Kingdom |Hard |{{Flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Xinyi (tennis)|Li Xinyi]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhong Ni]] |2-6, 6-2, 9-7 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |4. |6 May 1985 |Bournemouth, United Kingdom |Hard |{{Flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Xinyi (tennis)|Li Xinyi]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhong Ni]] |7–5, 5–7, 4–6 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |5. |20 May 1985 |Bath, United Kingdom |Clay |{{Flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Belinda Borneo]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Joy Tacon]] |6–3, 6–3 |- style="background:lightblue;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |6. |14 July 1985 |Miramar, United States |Hard |{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Luciana Corsato-Owsianka]] |{{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Jackie Masters]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|NZL}} [[Michelle Parun]] |6-3, 4-6, 6-3 |- style="background:lightblue;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |7. |29 September 1985 |Baltimore, United States |Hard |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Mary Dailey (tennis)|Mary Dailey]] |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Deeann Hansel]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Carol Watson]] |7-5, 6-4 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |8. |10 January 1986 |[[Miami]], United States |Hard |{{Flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{Flagicon|TCH}} [[Jana Novotná]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|JPN}} [[Fukiko Osawa]] |7-6, 2-6, 2-6 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |9. |19 April 1986 |Cumberland, United Kingdom |Hard |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Joy Tacon]] |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Jane Wood]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Belinda Borneo]] |4–6, 3–6 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |10. |27 April 1986 |Hatfield, United Kingdom |Hard |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Joy Tacon]] |{{Flagicon|SWE}} [[Catrin Jexell]]<br /><br /> {{Flagicon|SWE}} [[Helena Olsson]] |6–1, 5–7, 6–3 |- style="background:lightblue;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |11. |17 November 1986 |[[Johannesburg]], South Africa |Hard |{{Flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Mary Dailey (tennis)|Mary Dailey]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Dianne Van Rensburg]] |1–6, 6–1, 6–3 |- style="background:lightblue;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |12. |{{dts|1986|12|15|format=dmy}} |[[Johannesburg]], South Africa |Hard |{{Flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Elna Reinach]] |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Katie Rickett]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Valda Lake]] |6–4, 6–2 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |13. |5 March 1989 |[[Pretoria]], South Africa |Hard |{{Flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[René Mentz|Rene Mentz]] |{{Flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Michelle Anderson (tennis)|Michelle Anderson]] <br /><br /> {{Flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Linda Barnard]] |6–1, 2–6, 6–4 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] m5i5wd9a3e475166eoi7chd8izcbody 0 99623 967901 956988 2026-10-15T17:13:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Michelle_0024L_(1).jpg|thumb| Artist Michelle Lopez]] '''Michelle Lopez''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1970 a Bridgeport, CT, daga zuriyar Filipino ) yar sculptor ce ta Amurka kuma mai zane-zane, wanda aikinsa ya haɗa da kayan masana'antu daban-daban don sukar abubuwan al'adu na yau. Tana zaune kuma tana aiki a [[Philadelphia]], PA. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Michelle Lopez ta sami BA a cikin adabi da tarihin fasaha a cikin shekarar 1992 a Kwalejin Barnard, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Way Back Wednesday {{!}} Sculptor Michelle Lopez '92 |url=https://barnard.edu/news/way-back-wednesday-sculptor-michelle-lopez-92 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Barnard College |language=en}}</ref> kuma ta karɓi MFA a cikin shekarar ta 1994 a Makarantar Kayayyakin. Lopez Mataimakin Farfesa ne na Sculpture a cikin Fine Arts Program a Makarantar Zane ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania kuma yana jagorantar Sashen sassaka. ,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Way Back Wednesday {{!}} Sculptor Michelle Lopez '92 |url=https://barnard.edu/news/way-back-wednesday-sculptor-michelle-lopez-92 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Barnard College |language=en}}</ref> . == Aiki == === ''Yaro'' (1999) === Lopez ta fara samun kulawa mai mahimmanci tare da hotonta na Yaro; fata da aka rufe Honda wanda ya fara halarta a shekara ta 2000 a matsayin wani ɓangare na nunin MoMA / PS1 's Greater New York. Ayyukanta suna nazarin al'amuran al'adu masu alaƙa da tsatsauran ra'ayi, tashin hankali, da tambayoyin ainihi. Tsarin fasaha na Lopez yana kallon gogewar [[September 11 attacks|9/11]] bayan 9/11 da kuma ragowarsa akan abin sassaka. Ana iya samun irin waɗannan jigogi masu banƙyama a cikin "Mala'iku masu shuɗi", "Shekarar da Muka Yi Tuntuɓar", "Ƙayan itace", "Shekarar Banner". A cikin bita [[Frieze Art Fair|na Frieze]], Morgan Falconer ya kwatanta sassaken Lopez a matsayin "mai ban mamaki tsakanin kasancewa wani bakon abu da wani baƙon har yanzu." ."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frieze Magazine &#124; Shows &#124; Michelle Lopez |url=http://www.frieze.com/shows/review/michelle_lopez/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106224528/http://www.frieze.com/shows/review/michelle_lopez/ |archive-date=January 6, 2011 |access-date=February 17, 2011}}</ref> === ''Blue Mala'iku'' (2011) === [[Fayil:Blue_Angel_Basel.jpg|right|thumb| 40 ft. Blue Angel Public Installation, Art Public, Bass Museum, Miami, 2013]] Michael Wilson na Artforum na Artforum ya sake duba Blue Mala'iku: "Uku da aka niƙaƙƙe da kuma murƙushe zanen gado na aluminum sun jingina da bango da hasumiya sama da tsayin kai, abubuwan da suke ciki sun zana shuɗi ko baki, na waje fari ko mara launi. amma kuma mai kallo ta kansa banza da kuma imperfections, duk da haka, da labarai ne ba duk sharri; akwai wani insinuation a cikin aluminum ta m takarda- kamar saman na kyauta kunsa, a ambato na bikin da sabuntawa.... abin sha'awa-fiye da hakan na iya nunawa." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-272102458/michelle-lopez-simon-preston-gallery |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121063609/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-272102458/michelle-lopez-simon-preston-gallery |archive-date=November 21, 2015 |access-date=November 20, 2015}}</ref> === ''Gajimaren hayaki'' (2014) === [[Fayil:Smoke_Cloud.jpg|thumb| Gajimaren hayaki, nitrate na azurfa akan gilashi, 2016]] A cikin aikinta [https://www.michellelopez.com/artwork/smoke-cloud na Smoke Clouds], Lopez ta binciko jigogi na bacewar ta hanyar canza hoto a cikin kayan nitrate na azurfa (maganin madubi) da aka zuba akan babban gilashin gine-gine . Lopez 'gajimaren hayaki mai kamanni yana nuna ɗakin da mai kallo ta hanyar ainihin tsarin ɗaukar hoto na kwafin tintype na azurfa. Hoton girgijen yana bayyana kuma yana ɓacewa azaman "kumburin hayaki" dangane da yanayi da matsayi na masu kallo a cikin ɗakin. Lopez yayi tambaya game da matsayin abu da kuma sha'awar fasaha don yin hoton hoto, yayin da yake tambayar sha'awar mai kallo don da'awar shi. Sautinta da shigarwar motsin motsinta, Halyard, shine ƙarin maimaitawa na nazarin sifofin wutar lantarki marasa ganuwa. === ''House of Cards'' and ''Barricade'' (2018) === [[Fayil:Ballast_&_Barricades_ICA.jpg|right|thumb| Ballast & Barricades, ICA, Philadelphia, 2020]] [https://www.michellelopez.com/artwork/house-of-cards House of Cards], wani shigarwa na wani mummunan rugujewar tsarin scaffolding, ma'aikata da karfe igiya da kuma tarkacen titi don dauke da mafi ƙarancin layukan, kamar dai siffofin juriya iya zahiri shawo kan da-grooved siffofin zalunci. Nuna yanayin zamantakewa da siyasa na yanzu, wani aiki na baya-bayan nan da aka nuna a [https://icaphila.org/exhibitions/michelle-lopez-ballast-barricades/ Ballast & Barricades] ya dakatar da guntuwar gini na fam dubu ta hanyar amfani da ragowar alamomin al'adu irin su tsalle-tsalle don fadowa da hawan tsani a matsayin ma'auni, haifar da yanayi a kan gab da rushewa. === ''Juya Prop'' (2023) === Rubutu akan nunin solo na Lopez na 2023 ' [https://www.michellelopez.com/exhibitions/2023-lasso-reprieve Lasso Reprieve] ' tare da Commonwealth da Majalisar LA, mai sukar Vanessa Holyoak ya rubuta don Artforum : "Yana guda biyar daga jerin" [https://www.michellelopez.com/artwork/2023-rope-prop-reversal ROPE PROP REVERSAL] ," 2023, ginawa akan haɗin gwiwar Lopez na dogon lokaci tare da ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwar mata da rage ɓacin rai na Minimalism . Monumentality da kuma na duniya ta hanyar maido da wani unwieldy tawali'u ga masana'antu kayan da ta yi amfani da jerin artists amsa ga Richard Serra 's canonical Minimalist aiki, ''One Ton Prop (House of Cards)'', 1969, rage Serra's cubic zanen gado na antimonial gubar zuwa sinewy sinewy silhouette silhouette. girman kai a cikin kwarangwal na geometrical da alama mara nauyi [...] yana sake daidaita aikin Serra a matsayin wanda dole ne ya shiga tsakani ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar kayan aiki." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Holyoak |first=Vanessa |date=2023-10-10 |title=Michelle Lopez |url=https://www.artforum.com/events/michelle-lopez-3-517398/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Artforum |language=en-US}}</ref> == nune-nunen == === Nunin Solo da Rukuni === Lopez yana da nunin nunin solo a Feature Inc .; Ayyukan Deitch ; Fondazione Trussardi; LA > Art; Simon Preston Gallery; Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum ; Galerie Cristophe Gaillard, Paris; Cibiyar Fasaha ta zamani Philadelphia ; da Commonwealth da Council, Los Angeles, da sauransu. Lopez ya nuna a cikin nunin rukuni a gidan kayan gargajiya na Brooklyn, MoMA / PS 1, Yerba Buena Center for Arts, Harvard Carpenter Center for Arts, Museum of Contemporary Art & Design (Manilla, Philippines), da kuma Artist Space . Nunin ƙungiyar kwanan nan sun haɗa da 'Tsarin LAB,' The Fabric Workshop da Museum, Philadelphia, PA (2023); 'Scratching a wata,' Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani, Los Angeles (2024); da 'STEADY: Michelle Lopez & Ester Partegas ,' Ballroom Marfa, Marfa, TX (2024). === Jama'a Art === Hotunan Jama'a sun haɗa da ayyuka tare da [[Public Art Fund|Asusun Kasuwancin Jama'a]] da Miami Basel Art Public ( [[Bass Museum]], Miami, 2013); 'Chandelier,' Podium, Manila, Philippines (2021); da 'The Forum,' tare da [[Sharon Hayes (artist)|Sharon Hayes]] a Kashi Daya na Art, Penn's Landing Park, Philadelphia, PA (2025). == Kyauta == A cikin shekara ta 2007, Lopez ya shiga cikin aikin curatorial tare da Grimm/Rosenfeld kuma ya rubuta makala akan sassaka mai taken Fita Kiɗa (don Fim). An ba ta kyautar Tallafin Tallafin Kuɗi na NYFA a cikin shekara ta 2009 kuma ta kasance mai karɓar Gidauniyar New York Foundation for the Arts Sculpture Fellowship a 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-19 |title=Meet a NYFA Artist: Michelle Lopez |url=https://www.nyfa.org/meet-a-nyfa-artist-michelle-lopez-89257300993/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=NYFA |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408193944/https://www.nyfa.org/meet-a-nyfa-artist-michelle-lopez-89257300993 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2019, ta sami haɗin gwiwar Guggenheim a cikin nau'in Fine Arts. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Michelle Lopez |url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/michelle-lopez/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation... |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2023, ta sami Pew Center for Arts &amp;amp; Heritage Fellowship Fellowship don aikinta mai zuwa 'Pandemonium,' wanda ke buɗewa a cikin shekara ta 2025 a Cibiyar Franklin da Galleries a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Moore . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-20 |title=Moore College of Art & Design Receives Grant from The Pew Center for Arts & Heritage to Present 'Michelle Lopez: Pandemonium' Immersive Multimedia Installation |url=https://moore.edu/news/moore-college-of-art-design-receives-grant-from-the-pew-center-for-arts-heritage-to-present-michelle-lopez-pandemonium-immersive-multimedia-installation/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Moore College |language=en}}</ref> == Koyarwa == Tsohon memba ne a Makarantar Yale Art a Sashen Sculpture, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Michelle Lopez |url=https://www.art.yale.edu/michelle-lopez |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=Yale School of Art |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Columbia, NYU, Makarantar Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin, da Bard a cikin shirye-shiryen karatunsu na digiri da na digiri. Ta kuma koyar a UC Berkeley, inda ta jagoranci sashin sassaka kuma ta gudanar da bincike na sassaka akan manyan sikelin 3D mai saurin-sauri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Michelle Lopez {{!}} Weitzman |url=https://www.design.upenn.edu/people/michelle-lopez |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=www.design.upenn.edu}}</ref> Lopez yanzu shine shugaban sashin sassaka a Stuart Weitzman School of Design, Jami'ar Pennsylvania. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D03EFD7143EF936A25751C0A96E9C8B63 'NINA IN POSITION'] Daga Holland Cotter, New York Times, Fabrairu 15, 2008. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110106224528/http://www.frieze.com/shows/review/michelle_lopez/ Michelle Lopez a Simon Preston] na Morgan Falconer, Mujallar Frieze, 2008. * [http://www.michellelopez.com/press_files/Lopez-The%20Violent%20Bear%20it%20Away.pdf Catalog The Violent Bear It Away] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215944/http://www.michellelopez.com/press_files/Lopez-The%20Violent%20Bear%20it%20Away.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}, muqala ta Carissa Rodriguez da Jeffrey Uslip, 2009. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151121063609/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-272102458/michelle-lopez-simon-preston-gallery Bita na Neck Neck, NY] ta Michael Wilson, Mujallar Artforum, 2011. * [http://artforum.com/picks/id=29133 Bita na Nunin Neman Neck a tsaye], ta Kathleen Madden, Artforum picks, 2011. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110309151950/http://www.simonprestongallery.com/artists/michellelopez/index.html Shafin bayanin zane na Michelle Lopez] akan gidan yanar gizon [https://web.archive.org/web/20250509072943/http://simonprestongallery.com/ Simon Preston Gallery] . * [http://hyperallergic.com/35736/michelle-lopez-vertical-neck-simon-preston-gallery/ Bita na aiki, Howard Hurst, 2011.] * [http://blogs.thedailybeast.com/daily-pic/2011/9/14/michelle-lopez-borrows-skateboard-materials-in-her Binciken aiki, Blake Gopnik, 2011.]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="Dead link tagged April 2020">matacciyar hanyar haɗin gwiwa ta dindindin</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</span></sup> * [http://issuu.com/aldrichmuseum/docs/lopezbrochurefinal Aldrich Catalog], na Amy Smith-Swart, "Mala'iku, Tutoci, da Bangs", Aldrich Museum of Art Catalogue, 2014. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151121065722/http://art.yale.edu/MichelleLopez Makarantar Michelle Lopez Yale], 2012–2017 * [https://www.design.upenn.edu/fine-arts/graduate/people/michelle-lopez Makarantar Sakandare ta UPenn Michelle Lopez], 2016-yanzu * [https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/michelle-lopez/ Guggenheim Fellowship]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Fine Arts, 2019 * [https://icaphila.org/exhibitions/michelle-lopez-ballast-barricades/ Ballast & Barricade] ICA Philadelphia, 2019-2020. * [https://bombmagazine.org/articles/collapse-and-equilibrium-michelle-lopez-interviewed/ Rushewa da Daidaituwa] ta Olivia Gauthier, Mujallar BOMB, Afrilu 15, 2020. * [http://moussemagazine.it/michelle-lopez-michael-queenlandat-the-institute-of-contemporary-art-philadelphia-2020/ Tsarin Ginin Ephemeral] a cikin tattaunawa tare da Michael Queenland, Mujallar Mousse, 2020. * [https://www.frieze.com/article/michelle-lopezs-sculptures-exude-strength-amidst-impending-collapse/ Bita na Ballast & Barricade] ta Kari Rittenbach, Frieze, Janairu 15, 2020. * [http://www.michellelopez.com www.michellelopez.com], gidan yanar gizon masu fasaha [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nmubffz117znnmm0ryyh8f9xkz6uaft 3 100444 967840 754600 2026-10-15T12:53:59Z Céréales Killer 4616 Céréales Killer moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Fróis]] to [[Tattaunawar user:ꯑ]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Fróis|Fróis]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/ꯑ|ꯑ]]" 619664 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kolno! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kolno|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 22 Mayu 2025 (UTC) 6pvgdc4f0dswcwmsz8cynwhdbc5h7xw 0 100594 968075 909533 2026-10-16T07:15:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Pan-Africanism''' wani yunkuri ne na kishin ƙasa wanda ke da nufin karfafawa da karfafa dankon haɗin kai tsakanin dukkan 'yan asali da 'yan asalin ƙasar da 'yan ƙasashen waje na kakannin [[Afirka]]. Dangane da manufa guda ɗaya tun daga [[Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantika|cinikin bayi na Atlantic]], cinikin bayi na Trans-Saharan, cinikin bayi a tekun Indiya, cinikin bayi na Bahar Maliya, tare da bautar da bayi a cikin Dutch da kuma daga baya British Cape Colony (yanzu [[Afirka ta Kudu]]), motsin ya wuce fiye da 'yan Afirka na Afirka tare da babban tushe na tallafi a tsakanin [[Afirkawa mazaunan Amurka|mazaunan Afirka na Afirka a Amurka]] da Turai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Austin |first=David |date=Fall 2007 |title=All Roads Led to Montreal: Black Power, the Caribbean and the Black Radical Tradition in Canada |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-american-history_fall-2007_92_4/page/516 |journal=[[Journal of African American History]] |volume=92 |issue=4 |pages=516–539 |doi=10.1086/JAAHv92n4p516 |s2cid=140509880}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oloruntoba-Oju |first=Omotayo |date=December 2012 |title=Pan Africanism, Myth and History in African and Caribbean Drama |url=https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-316072934/pan-africanism-myth-and-history-in-african-and-caribbean |journal=[[Black studies#Scholarly and academic journals|Journal of Pan African Studies]] |volume=5 |pages=190 ff |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527191641/https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-316072934/pan-africanism-myth-and-history-in-african-and-caribbean |archive-date=2019-05-27 |access-date=2025-05-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Pan-Africanism an ce ya samo asali ne a cikin gwagwarmayar mutanen Afirka na adawa da [[Bauta|bautar]] da bayi da mulkin mallaka kuma wannan gwagwarmayar na iya samo asali ne daga juriya na farko a kan jiragen ruwa na bayi tawaye da kuma kashe kansa ta hanyar tsire-tsire na yau da kullum da yunkurin mulkin mallaka da kuma "Komawa Afirka" ƙungiyoyi na ƙarni na 19. Bisa imanin cewa haɗin kai na da muhimmanci ga ci gaban tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da siyasa, yana da nufin haɗa kai da ɗaukaka al'ummar kakannin Afirka. A ainihin, Pan-Africanism wani imani ne cewa "Mutanen Afirka, duka a nahiyar da kuma a cikin [[Al'ummar Afirka|kasashen waje]], suna raba ba kawai tarihin kowa ba, amma makoma ɗaya." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Makalani |first=Minkah |year=2011 |title=Pan-Africanism |url=http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-pan-africanism.html |website=Africana Age |access-date=2025-05-25 |archive-date=2020-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118174837/http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-pan-africanism.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pan-Africanism yana ba da ma'anar rabon tarihi ga 'yan Afirka a cikin [[Amurka]], Indiyawan Yamma, da kuma nahiyar, ita kanta ta ta'allaka ne akan cinikin bayi na Atlantic, [[Bautar da Mutane a Afrika|bauta bayi a Afirka]], da [[Imperialism|mulkin mallaka]] na Turai. Tunanin Pan-Afrika ya yi tasiri wajen kafa Kungiyar Haɗin Kan Afirka (Tun lokacin da [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] ta yi nasara) a shekarar 1963. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abrahamsen |first=Rita |date=January 2020 |title=Internationalists, sovereigntists, nativists: Contending visions of world order in Pan-Africanism |journal=Review of International Studies |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=56–74 |doi=10.1017/S0260210519000305 |s2cid=210466747}}</ref> [[Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka|Kwamitin Tarayyar Afirka]] yana da kujerarsa a [[Addis Ababa]] kuma Majalisar Pan-African tana da kujerarta a Midrand, [[Johannesburg]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pan-Africanism |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pan-Africanism |access-date=May 24, 2020 |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Pan-Africanism ya jaddada buƙatar "dogaran kai tare". Pan-Africanism ya wanzu a matsayin manufar gwamnati da tushen tushe. Masu ba da shawara na Pan-African sun haɗa da shugabanni irin su [[Toussaint Louverture]], [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], Henri Christophe, François Duvalier, Aimé Césaire, Haile Selassie, Jomo [[Jomo Kenyatta|Kenyatta]], [[Edward Wilmot Blyden]], [[Patrice Lumumba|Nnamdi]] [[Nnamdi Azikiwe|Azikiwe]], [[Julius Nyerere|Patrice]] Lumumba, Tourist, [[Ahmed Sékou Touré|Robert]] S. [[Kwame Nkrumah]], King Sobhuza II, [[Robert Mugabe]], [[Thomas Sankara]], [[Stokely Carmichael|Kwame Ture]], Dr. John Pombe Magufuli, [[Muammar Gaddafi]], [[Walter rodney|Walter Rodney]], [[Yoweri Museveni|Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]], grassroots Organisation irin su Joseph Robert Love, [[Marcus Garvey]], da [[Malcolm X]], malamai irin su, [[Antenor Firmin|Antén spordia spordia]] [[Al'ummar Afirka|,]] [[W. E. B. Du Bois|WEB Du]]. <ref name="Pan-Africanism: A Brief History of An Idea in the African World">{{Cite journal |last=Clarke |first=John Henrik |author-link=John Henrik Clarke |date=1988 |title=Pan-Africanism: A Brief History of An Idea in the African World |journal=Présence Africaine |publisher=[[Présence Africaine#Publishing house|Editions Présence Africaine]] |volume=145 |issue=145 |pages=26–56 |doi=10.3917/presa.145.0026 |jstor=24351577}}</ref> Masu fafutuka na kasashen Afirka sun yi imanin cewa haɗin kai zai baiwa nahiyar damar cimma burinta na wadata al'ummarta da kanta. Mahimmanci, haɗin gwiwar duk Afirka zai ƙarfafa mutanen Afirka a duniya. Tabbatar da manufar Afirka gaba ɗaya zai haifar da "ƙarfafa ƙarfi a Afirka", wanda "zai tilasta matsuguni na albarkatun duniya, tare da fitar da kuzarin tunani da tabbatar da siyasa.&nbsp;... wanda zai rushe tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa (iko) ... a cikin Amurka " <ref name="Agyeman [in] Mawere">Agyeman, O., ''Pan-Africanism and Its Detractors: A Response to Harvard's Race Effacing Universalists'', Harvard University Press (1998), cited in Mawere, Munyaradzi; Tapuwa R. Mubaya, [https://books.google.com/books?id=SrqACwAAQBAJ&pg=PA89 ''African Philosophy and Thought Systems: A Search for a Culture and Philosophy of Belonging''], Langaa RPCIG (2016), p. 89. {{ISBN|9789956763016}}. Retrieved August 23, 2018.</ref> Masu fafutukar kare kai daga Afirka - watau "'yan Afirka" ko "masu kishin Afirka" - galibi suna jan kafa a ka'idojin gurguzu kuma suna adawa da shigar siyasa da tattalin arziki na waje a nahiyar. Masu suka suna zargin akidar da yin kamanceceniya da kwarewar mutanen kakannin Afirka. Sun kuma yi nuni da irin wahalhalun da ake samu wajen daidaita rarrabuwar kawuna a tsakanin ƙasashen nahiyar da kuma tsakanin al'ummomin ƙasashen waje. <ref name="Agyeman [in] Mawere"/> ==Tarihi== [[File:Invitation to Pan-African Conference at Westminster Town Hall July 1900.png|thumb|Gayyata zuwa Taron Pan-Afirka a Westminster Town Hall, London, Yuli 1900]] [[File:Marcus Garvey (1922).jpg|alt=|thumb|Dan kasar Jamaica Marcus Garvey sanye da kakin soji a matsayin "Shugaban Afirka na wucin gadi" yayin wani faretin a ranar buɗe taron shekara-shekara na Jama'ar Baƙar Fata na Duniya a Lenox Avenue a Harlem, Birnin New York, 1922]] A matsayin falsafa, Pan-Africanism tana wakiltar haɗakar tarihi, al'adu, ruhi, fasaha, kimiyya, da kuma falsafar gadon 'yan Afirka tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Pan-Africanism a matsayin tsarin ɗabi'a tana samo asali ne daga zamanin da, kuma tana inganta dabi'u waɗanda su ne samfurin wayewar Afirka da gwagwarmaya da bautar, wariyar launin fata, mulkin mallaka, da sabon mulkin mallaka. <ref name="Pan-Africanism"/> Tare da haɗuwa da ɗimbin tawayen bayi na Sabuwar Duniya (wanda Juyin Juyin Haiti ya nuna), ƙarshen karni na 19 ya haifar da wata ƙungiyar siyasa mai goyon bayan Afirka tsakanin nahiyoyi wanda ke neman haɗa kan yaƙe-yaƙe daban-daban a cikin manufar kawo ƙarshen zalunci. Cire 'yan Afirka daga nahiyar ne ya sa suka iya kallonta gaba ɗaya. <ref name=":42">{{Citation |last=Reid |first=Richard |title=Introduction African Histories: Past, Present, and Future |date=2013-10-01 |work=The Oxford Handbook of Modern African History |pages=0 |editor-last=Parker |editor-first=John |url=https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28187/chapter-abstract/213093103?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false |access-date=2025-01-26 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-957247-2 |last2=Parker |first2=John |editor2-last=Reid |editor2-first=Richard}}</ref> Wani muhimmin nau'in siyasa na ra'ayin Pan-Africanist na addini ya bayyana a cikin nau'in Ethiopianism. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-pan-africanism.html|title=Pan-Africanism|website=exhibitions.nypl.org|access-date=February 16, 2017|archive-date=January 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118174837/http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-pan-africanism.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A London, Sons of Africa wata ƙungiya ce ta siyasa wacce Quobna Ottobah Cugoano ya yi jawabi a bugun 1791 na littafinsa ''Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery''. <ref>{{Cite web |title=First-hand accounts from slavers - The abolitionist campaigns - National 5 History Revision |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z2bmn39/revision/8 |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=BBC Bitesize |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta yi taro kuma ta shirya yaƙin neman zaɓe na rubutu, ta buga kayan yaƙin neman zaɓe kuma ta ziyarci majalisa. Sun rubuta wa mutane irin su Granville Sharp, William Pitt da sauran membobin ƙungiyar kawar da bautar farar fata, da kuma Sarki George III da Yarima na Wales, George IV na gaba.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}} Pan-Africanism ta zamani ta fara ne tun farkon karni na 20. African Association, wanda daga baya aka canza masa suna zuwa Pan-African Association, an kafa shi ne a kusan 1897 ta Henry Sylvester Williams, wanda ya shirya Taron Pan-Afirka na Farko a London a 1900. <ref>[http://www.newint.org/features/2000/08/05/simply/ "The History of Pan-Africanism"], ''New Internationalist'', 326, Agusta 5, 2000.</ref><ref name="The History of Pan-Africanism">[http://www.padeap.net/the-history-of-pan-africanism The History of Pan Africanism], PADEAP (Pan African Development Education and Advocacy Programme).</ref><ref>Lubin, Alex, [https://books.google.com/books?id=97VMAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22African+Association%22+1897+pan-african+association&pg=PA71 "The Contingencies of Pan-Africanism"], ''Geographies of Liberation: The Making of an Afro-Arab Political Imaginary'', Chapel Hill: Jami'ar North Carolina Press, 2014, p. 71.</ref> Jerin tarurruka na Pan-African Congress sun biyo bayan Taron Pan-Afirka na Farko na 1900 wanda aka gudanar a London. Taron Congress a 1919 a Paris (1st Pan-African Congress), 1921 a London (2nd Pan-African Congress), 1923 a London (3rd Pan-African Congress), 1927 a New York City (4th Pan-African Congress), da 1945 a Manchester (5th Pan-African Congress) sun ci gaba da batun kawar da mulkin mallaka a Afirka. <ref>Hill, Sylvia (2007), [http://www.noeasyvictories.org/select/08_hill.php "From the Sixth Pan-African Congress to the Free South Africa Movement"], in William Minter, Gail Hovey, and Charles Cobb Jr. (eds), ''No Easy Victories: African Liberation and American Activists over a Half Century, 1950–2000'', Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press.</ref> A tsakanin mazaunan nahiyar, kwarewar mulkin mallaka da juriya a gare shi ne ya haifar da hadaddiyar asalin Afirka. <ref name=":42" /> A cikin shekarun 1930, rubuce-rubucen Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe na adawa da mulkin mallaka daga Amurka, Accra, da Lagos sun kafa shi a matsayin fitaccen Pan-Africanist a Yammacin Afirka ta Biritaniya. Sakataren Mulkin Mallaka na lokacin Oliver Stanley ya kira Azikiwe (Zik) "mafi girman haɗari a cikin duka." Zik ya samo tushensa daga ra'ayoyin Pan-Afirka na 'yan Yammacin Indiya da 'yan Afirka-Amurka irin su Edward Wilmot Blyden, W.E.B. Du Bois, da Marcus Garvey, da kuma 'yan Yammacin Afirka irin su J.E. Casely Hayford da abokansa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta Yammacin Afirka ta Biritaniya. A cikin littafinsa "Renascent Africa", ya ba da wani shiri mai ban mamaki don "Sabuwar Afirka," wanda aka yi wa misali da New Negro Movement wanda Alain Locke ya bayyana. Baya ga rubuce-rubucensa, Azikiwe ya shiga cikin siyasar Pan-Afirka, yana yaɗa ilimi, da kansa a cikin Black Atlantic daga Yammacin Afirka da Caribbean zuwa Amurka da Yammacin Turai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reeves |first=Mark |date=2021-03-01 |title=A gilded cage? Nnamdi Azikiwe's Pan-Africanism as governor-general of Nigeria, 1960–63 |url=https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/index.php/output/10464296/a-gilded-cage-nnamdi-azikiwes-pan-africanism-as-governor-general-of-nigeria-196063 |journal=Journal of West African History |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=1–26 |doi=10.14321/jwestafrihist.7.1.0001 |s2cid=242294844 |issn=2327-1868|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Fifth Pan-African Congress wani taro ne mai muhimmanci, wanda ya haɗu da masu fafutukar adawa da mulkin mallaka daga nahiyar Afirka da Diaspora. Mata irin su Amy Ashwood Garvey da Amy Jacques Garvey sun taimaka wajen shirya taron Congress kuma sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarurrukan. <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Blain|first1=Keisha N.|last2=Leeds|first2=Asia|last3=Taylor|first3=Asia Y.|title='Women, Gender Politics and Pan-Africanism'|journal=Women, Gender and Families of Color|year=2016 |volume=4|issue=2 |pages=139–145|publisher=University of Illinois Press|doi=10.5406/womgenfamcol.4.2.0139 }}</ref> Tare da samun 'yancin kai na Ghana a watan Maris 1957, Kwame Nkrumah an zaɓe shi a matsayin Firayim Minista na farko kuma Shugaban Jiha. <ref>Smith-Asante, E., [http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html "Biography of Ghana's first President, Dr Kwame Nkrumah"], ''Graphic Online'', Maris 8, 2016. An dawo da shi Maris 23, 2017.</ref> Nkrumah ya fito a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara ga haɗin kai na Afirka mai zaman kanta. Shugaban Ghana ya ƙunshi tsarin siyasa na mai fafutuka zuwa Pan-Africanism yayin da ya goyi bayan "neman haɗin gwiwar yanki na dukan nahiyar Afirka". <ref name="books.google.fr">Mkandawire, P. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=4VIAfPNTOkQC&q=nkrumah&pg=PA78 ''African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development''], Dakar: Codesria/London: Zed Books, p. 58. An dawo da shi Maris 23, 2017.</ref> Wannan lokacin ya wakilci "zamanin zinariya na manyan burin Pan-Afirka"; nahiyar ta fuskanci juyin juya hali da kawar da mulkin mallaka daga ƙasashen Yamma kuma labarin sake haifuwa da haɗin kai ya sami ci gaba a cikin motsin Pan-Afirka. <ref name="books.google.fr"/> Ka'idojin Pan-Afirka na Nkrumah sun yi niyya don haɗin kai tsakanin jihohin Afirka masu zaman kansu a kan gane daidaitonsu (watau murƙushewa a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka). Pan-Africanism a ƙarƙashin Nkrumah ta ci gaba bayan zato na motsi mai tsaurin ra'ayi na launin fata da ke da alaƙa da Afirka baƙar fata, kuma ta ɗauki magana ta siyasa na haɗin kai na yanki. <ref name="Legum, C. 1965 p. 41">Legum, C. (1965). ''Pan-Africanism: a short political guide'', New York, etc.: Frederick A. Praeger, p. 41.</ref> A watan Afrilu na 1958, Nkrumah ya karbi bakuncin Taron Jama'ar Afirka na farko (AAPC) a Accra, Ghana. Wannan Taron ya gayyaci wakilai na ƙungiyoyin siyasa da manyan shugabannin siyasa. Ban da Afirka ta Kudu, duk jihohin Afirka masu zaman kansu sun halarci: Misira, Habasha, Ghana, Laberiya, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, da Sudan. <ref name="Legum, C. 1965 p. 41"/> Wannan taron ya nuna wani muhimmin al'amari a cikin motsin Pan-Afirka, domin ya bayyana haɗin kai na siyasa da zamantakewa tsakanin waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin jihohin Larabawa da yankunan Afirka baƙar fata. Bugu da ƙari, Taron ya goyi bayan hadaddiyar asalin Ƙasar Afirka, a tsakanin Jihohin, na haɗin kai da adawa da mulkin mallaka. Frantz Fanon, ɗan jarida, mai fafutukar 'yanci kuma memba na jam'iyyar FLN ta Aljeriya ya halarci taron a matsayin wakilin Aljeriya. <ref>Adi, H., & M. Sherwood (2003). ''Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787'', London: Routledge, p. 66.</ref> La'akari da gwagwarmayar makami na FLN a kan mulkin mallaka na Faransa, mahalarta Taron sun amince su goyi bayan gwagwarmayar waɗancan Jihohin da ke ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka. Wannan ya ƙarfafa jajircewar shiga kai tsaye cikin "yancin Nahiyar; don haka, an ayyana yaƙi da matsin lamba na mulkin mallaka a Afirka ta Kudu kuma an ba da cikakken goyon bayan gwagwarmayar FLN a Aljeriya, a kan mulkin mallaka na Faransa". <ref name=" Legum, C. 1965 p. 42">Legum (1965). ''Pan-Africanism'', p. 42.</ref> Tom Mboya, ɗan ƙungiyar ma'aikata na Kenya kuma mai fafutukar adawa da mulkin mallaka, shi ma ya halarci wannan taron. Wannan ziyarar ta ƙarfafa shi ya hanzarta aikin siyasa da nufin tada hankali don 'yancin kai na Kenya. <ref>Kyle Keith, ''The Politics of The Independence of Kenya'', Palgrave MacMillan, 1999.</ref> A cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan 1958, Taron Accra ya kuma nuna kafa sabuwar manufofin ketare na rashin daidaituwa tsakanin Amurka da USSR, da kuma nufin kafa "Asalin Afirka" a cikin al'amuran duniya ta hanyar ba da shawara ga haɗin kai tsakanin Jihohin Afirka a cikin dangantakar kasa da kasa. "Wannan zai dogara ne akan Sanarwar Bandung, Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma amincewa ga shawarwarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya." <ref name="Legum, C. 1965 p. 42"/> A 1959, Nkrumah, Shugaba Sékou Touré na Guinea da Shugaba William Tubman na Laberiya sun hadu a Sanniquellie kuma sun sanya hannu kan Sanarwar Sanniquellie wanda ke bayyana ka'idojin samun hadin kai na Jihohin Afirka masu zaman kansu yayin da suke kiyaye asalin ƙasa da tsarin tsarin mulki mai cin gashin kansa. <ref>Adi & Sherwood (2003). ''Pan-African History'', p. 179.</ref><ref>Legum (1965), ''Pan-Africanism'', p. 45.</ref> Sanarwar ta yi kira ga sabuwar fahimta game da Pan-Africanism da haɗin kan jihohin masu zaman kansu.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}} A 1960, an gudanar da Taron Jama'ar Afirka na biyu a Addis Ababa, Habasha. <ref>Legum (1965). ''Pan-Africanism'', p. 46.</ref> Membobin Kungiyar Jama'ar Afirka (AAPO) sun karu tare da hadawar "Gwamnatin Wucin Gadi ta Aljeriya (tunda ba su riga sun sami 'yancin kai ba), Kamaru, Guinea, Najeriya, Somaliya da Hadaddiyar Jamhuriyar Larabawa". <ref>Legum (1965), ''Pan-Africanism'', p. 47.</ref> Taron ya nuna bambance-bambancen ra'ayoyi a cikin motsi, yayin da kiran Nkrumah na haɗin kan siyasa da tattalin arziki tsakanin Jihohin Afirka masu zaman kansu ya sami ɗan karamin yarda. Bambance-bambancen da suka biyo bayan 1960 sun haifar da ƙungiyoyi biyu masu adawa a cikin motsin Pan-Afirka: Casablanca Bloc da Brazzaville Bloc. <ref>Martin, G. (2012). ''African Political Thought'', New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</ref> A 1962, Aljeriya ta sami 'yancin kai daga mulkin mallaka na Faransa kuma Ahmed Ben Bella ya zama Shugaban Kasa. Ben Bella ya kasance mai goyon bayan Pan-Africanism da Haɗin Kai na Afirka. Bayan gwagwarmayar makami ta FLN don 'yanci, Ben Bella ya yi jawabi a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma ya goyi bayan rawar Afirka mai zaman kanta wajen samar da tallafin soja da kuɗi ga ƙungiyoyin 'yanci na Afirka da ke adawa da wariyar launin fata da kuma yaƙar mulkin mallaka na Portugal. <ref name="Adi 2003 p. 10">Adi & Sherwood (2003), ''Pan-African History'', p. 10.</ref> A cikin neman hadaddiyar murya, a 1963 a taron koli na Afirka a Addis Ababa, Habasha, jihohin Afirka 32 sun hadu kuma suka kafa Kungiyar Hadin Kai ta Afirka (OAU). Kafa Yarjejeniyar OAU ya faru a wannan Taron kuma yana bayyana hadin gwiwar "kokari don haɓaka matsayin rayuwa na jihohin memba da kare ikon mallaka" ta hanyar goyon bayan masu fafutukar 'yanci da kawar da mulkin mallaka. <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/25/newsid_2502000/2502771.stm "African states unite against the white rule"], ''ON THIS DAY'' | May 25. BBC News. An dawo da shi Maris 23, 2017.</ref> Don haka, an kafa Kwamitin 'Yancin Afirka (ALC), a lokacin Taron Koli na 1963. Shugaban Aljeriya Ben Bella ne ya goyi bayan goyon bayan ƙungiyoyin 'yanci, nan da nan "ya ba da miliyan 100 na francs ga kuɗin sa kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe na farko, na Kungiyar da suka kauracewa kayayyakin Portugal da Afirka ta Kudu". <ref name=" Adi 2003 p. 10">Legum (1965). ''Pan-Africanism'', p. 42.</ref> A ranar 16 ga Mayu 1964, Muhammad Ali ya ziyarci Ghana a matsayin wani ɓangare na yawon shakatawa na Pan-Afirka bayan nasarar da ya samu a kan Sonny Liston. A lokacin ziyarar sa na makonni biyu, Ministan Harkokin Waje Kojo Botsie ya girmama Ali da sunan "Muhammad Kwame Ali", wanda Shugaba Kwame Nkrumah ya wakilta. A 1969, Aljeriya ta karbi bakuncin Bikin Al'adu na Pan-Afirka, a ranar 21 ga Yuli kuma ya ci gaba na kwanaki takwas. <ref name=EvansPhillips>Evans, M., & J. Phillips (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=o6J5WNbL9e4C&q=festival ''Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed''], Jami'ar Yale Press, pp. 97–98.</ref> A wannan lokacin a tarihi, Aljeriya ta tsaya a matsayin "fitilar gwagwarmayar Afirka da Duniya ta Uku," <ref name=EvansPhillips /> kuma za ta zo ta ƙarfafa yaƙe-yaƙe da mulkin mallaka a duniya. Bikin ya jawo dubban mutane daga jihohin Afirka da Diaspora ta Afirka, ciki har da Black Panthers. Ya wakilci aikace-aikacen ka'idojin juyin juya halin Aljeriya ga sauran Afirka kuma ya nuna sake fasalin ma'anar asalin Pan-Afirka a ƙarƙashin kwarewar mulkin mallaka. <ref name=EvansPhillips /> Bikin ya ƙara ƙarfafa matsayin Shugaban Aljeriya Boumediene a Afirka da Duniya ta Uku. <ref name=EvansPhillips /> {{stack| [[File:Malcolm X NYWTS 4.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Malcolm X (1964; yana da shekaru 39)|alt=Malcolm X a 1964]] [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-50-1.jpg|thumbnail|upright|Kwame Nkrumah, babban jigo na Pan-Africanism]] }} Bayan mutuwar Kwame Nkrumah a 1972, Muammar Gaddafi ya ɗauki nauyin shugaban motsin Pan-Africanist kuma ya zama mafi bayyanar da mai goyon bayan Haɗin Kai na Afirka, kamar Nkrumah a gabansa – don zuwan "Ƙasashen Tarayyar Afirka". <ref>{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=G. |title=African Political Thought |date=2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-06205-5 }}{{page needed|date=November 2022}}</ref> Ba sai a Babban Taron Pan-Afirka na Bakwai a 1994 ba, wanda aka gudanar a Uganda, aka magance batutuwan mata musamman. A karon farko, an nemi Majalisar ta yi tunani a kan rawar da bukatun mata. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Young|first=Robert|title=Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/postcolonialismh0000youn|publisher=Blackwell Publishing Ltd|year=2001|location=Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/postcolonialismh0000youn/page/368 368]}}</ref> Don shirya waɗanne batutuwan mata za a taso a Majalisar, an gudanar da taron Mata kafin Majalisar kwanaki biyu kafin, don samar da tsari da ke tabbatar da an saurari muryoyin mata da damuwarsu. Sama da mutane 300, kashi 74 cikin ɗari na mata, sun halarci taron kafin Majalisar. Mata daga Uganda ne suka fi halartar wannan taron, waɗanda suka kafa nasu ajandar, wanda ya fi mayar da hankali kan batutuwan mata kamar kaciya da kuma kare matasa ma'aikatan gida daga fyade da sauran cin zarafi. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roy-Campbell|first=Zaline Makini|title=Pan-African Women Organising for the Future: The Formation of the Pan-African Women's Liberation Organisation and Beyond|journal=African Journal of Political Science|volume=1|issue=1 |pages=45–57}}</ref> Matan da suka halarci Babban Taron Pan-Afirka na Bakwai sun ci gaba zuwa gina ajanda ga Kungiyar 'Yancin Mata ta Pan-Afirka kuma sun hadu kowace rana a lokacin Majalisar don tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi irin wannan motsi. Kungiyar Mata ta Pan-Afirka ta farko ta ƙunshi matan shugabannin ƙasa, ministoci, da sauran manyan mata.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}} A Amurka, ana danganta kalmar da Afrocentrism, wata akida ta siyasar asalin 'yan Afirka-Amurka wacce ta fito a lokacin motsin haƙƙin bil'adama na shekarun 1960 zuwa 1970. <ref>Duba misali Ronald W. Walters, ''Pan Africanism in the African Diaspora: An Analysis of Modern Afrocentric Political Movements'', African American Life Series, Wayne State University Press, 1997, p. 68.</ref> Ko da yake Pan-Africanism ta yi kira ga haɗin kai tsakanin dukkanin zuriyar Afirka, ta rasa kusan rabin waɗannan mutanen ta hanyar rashin kula da gudummawar mata. A cikin littafin Tarihin Pan-Africanism: Manyan Mutane daga Afirka da Diaspora tun 1787, an ambaci Pan-Africanists arba'in, waɗanda mata uku ne kawai. Saboda rashin wakilcin da aka biya wa mata a cikin Pan-Africanism, Clenora Hudson-Weems ta ƙirƙiri kalmar Africana Womanism a cikin shekarun 1980, wanda wata akida ce da ta fi mayar da hankali kan nasarorin da aka samu na mata baƙar fata, kama da waɗanda aka ambata a ƙasa.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}} ==Gagarumar Mata a Pan-Africanism== Pan-Africanism ta ga gudummawar mata da dama masu fafutuka a tsawon rayuwarta, duk da rashin kulawa da masana da maza masu Pan-Africanist suka yi musu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Muhimman mata a Pan-Africanism da gudummawarsu ga Haɗin Kan Afirka – The Africa we want e.V Germany |url=https://theafrikawewant.com/important-women-in-pan-africanism-and-their-contributions-to-the-unity-of-africa/ |access-date=2025-06-09 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250609144125/https://theafrikawewant.com/important-women-in-pan-africanism-and-their-contributions-to-the-unity-of-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amy Jacques Garvey, wacce ta kafa jaridar duniya ''Negro World'', ta shiga sosai a sauran kungiyoyin Pan-Africanism, kamar kungiyar adawa da mulkin mallaka ta International African Service Bureau. Har ila yau, ta taimaka wajen shirya Babban Taron Pan-Afirka na Biyar. Amy Jacques Garvey ta yi amfani da dandalinta don yada Pan-Africanism a duniya kuma ta yi amfani da matsayinta na edita na ''Negro World'' don rubuta shafi mai suna "Matanmu da abin da suke tunani", wanda aka keɓe ga matan baƙar fata. <ref name="auto">{{cite web|last1=Nangwaya|first1=Ajamu|title=Pan-Africanism, feminism, and finding missing Pan-Africanist women|url=https://www.pambazuka.org/pan-africanism/pan-africanism-feminism-and-finding-missing-pan-africanist-women|website=Pambazuka News|publisher=|date=May 26, 2016|access-date=September 28, 2022}}</ref> Claudia Jones wata ce kuma mai Pan-Africanist. Don yaƙar wariyar launin fata ga baƙar fata a Birtaniya, Jones ta kafa ''West Indian Gazette'', wacce ke neman rufe batutuwa kamar gaskiyar wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu da kuma kawar da mulkin mallaka. <ref name="auto"/> Manyan Pan-Africanists maza, irin su Kwame Nkrumah, sun sami tasiri daga Jones yayin da ta haɗa falsafar Marxist-Leninist a cikin Pan-Africanism. <ref name="auto"/> A Amurka, Audley Moore da Dara Abubakari sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka tunanin Pan-Afirka. Waɗannan mata sun tsara tunani da tsarin Pan-Africanism sosai, suna haɓaka wani ɓangaren Pan-Africanism da ya shafi jinsi wanda ya mai da hankali kan gaskiyar da matan Afirka-Amurka ke fuskanta, ban da na maza Afirka-Amurka. Duka Moore da Abubakari sun kasance fitattun membobin Universal Association of Ethiopian Women a Louisiana, wacce ta shiga cikin ayyukan adawa da mulkin mallaka, haƙƙin walwala, da fafutukar Pan-Africanist. A 1972, Moore ta kasance babban mai magana a Taron Mata na Afirka duka a Dar es Salaam inda ta ƙarfafa haɗin kai tsakanin mata a fadin nahiyar kuma ta nemi a haɗa matan Afirka-Amurka a cikin tattaunawar, tana jaddada cewa su ma sun jajirce wajen 'yantar da Afirka. <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Farmer|first1=Ashley D.|title=Mothers of Pan-Africanism: Audley Moore and Dara Abubakari|journal=Women, Gender, and Families of Color|date=2016|volume=4|issue=2|pages=274–295|doi=10.5406/womgenfamcol.4.2.0274|jstor=10.5406/womgenfamcol.4.2.0274|s2cid=157178972|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/womgenfamcol.4.2.0274|access-date=November 15, 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref> A Caribbean, Peggy Antrobus ta yi wa masu tsara manufofi kira don nuna cewa matan Caribbean sune mafi talauci a Caribbean kuma UNICEF ita ce kungiya ta farko ta kasa da kasa da ta ja hankali ga mummunan tasirin gyare-gyaren tsari a kan talakawa, musamman mata. <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Harris|first1=Bonita|title=Caribbean Women and Pan-Africanism|journal=African Journal of Political Science|date=1996|volume=1|issue=1|page=24|citeseerx=10.1.1.626.5649}}</ref> An haifi Alice Victoria Alexander Kinloch a 1863 a Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu, kafin danginta su koma Kimberley. Muhallin wariyar launin fata da rarrabuwa ya tsara fafutukarta game da zalunci na tsarin a Afirka ta Kudu. A watan Yuni 1885 ta auri Edmund Ndosa Kinloch, mai hakar lu'u-lu'u wanda ya yi aiki a kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na De Beers a Kimberley. Ta shaida yanayin aiki mai banƙyama na kamfanin da ya dogara da cin zarafin baƙar fata 'yan Afirka ta Kudu, kamar al'adar sa dubban masu hakar ma'adinai baƙar fata su halarci aiki tsirara don tabbatar da cewa ba a sace lu'u-lu'u ba. Kinloch ta rubuta kasidu biyu a 1896, bayan ta koma Birtaniya a 1895, don ƙungiyar mai suna "The Recognition of the Brotherhood of Man", wanda aka karɓa sosai kuma ya jawo mata yabo mai yawa daga editoci. Kwarewarta da kuma bayyanarta a sarari game da yanayin siyasar Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar adabi da jawabin ta yi daidai da masu tunani na sassaucin ra'ayi na Birtaniya. Kinloch ta yi ƙoƙari akai-akai don shiga tattaunawa da ƙungiyoyin masu fafutuka a Ingila. Ta yi magana a Newcastle, York da Manchester don Aborigines Protection Society wanda ya haifar da ƙuduri da aka zartar wanda ya buƙaci gwamnatin Birtaniya ta kawo ƙarshen zalunci na launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name="Killingray, 401-403">{{cite journal|last1=Killingray|first1=David|title=Significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1921: Pan-African Organisations and the Emergence of South Africa's First Black Lawyers|journal=South African Historical Journal: The ANC at 100|date=2012|volume=64|issue=3|pages=401–403|doi=10.1080/02582473.2012.675810|s2cid=155055871|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02582473.2012.675810|access-date=November 15, 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bayanin Kinloch dalla-dalla game da yanayin zaluncin baƙar fata a Afirka ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba ga waɗannan ƙungiyoyi waɗanda da wuya su sami damar jin labarin yanayin siyasar Afirka kai tsaye. Yanzu ta shiga cikin tattaunawar adawa da mulkin mallaka ta Birtaniya, ta rubuta wani littafi mai shafuka 19 game da cinikin lu'u-lu'u a Afirka ta Kudu a 1897, ra'ayoyinta sun fara zama na Pan-Afirka sosai a cikin kiran su na kawo ƙarshen wulakanci na nahiyar. Babban gudummawar Kinloch ga Pan-Africanism duk da haka ita ce a cikin haɗin gwiwar ta na kafa African Association a 1897 tare da lauyoyi Henry Sylvester Williams da Thomas J. Thompson, inda su da wasu 11 ko 12 suka taru a otal din Charing-Cross Mansions a London. Kinloch ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da baitulmali amma a 1898 ta koma Afirka ta Kudu tare da mijinta. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, African Association ta jagoranci Taron Pan-Afirka, wanda aka fi gani a matsayin farkon Pan-Africanism na karni na 20. <ref name="Killingray, 401-403"/> Dr Tshepo Mvulane Moloi ta kira Kinloch "uwar kafa Pan-Africanism". <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mvulane Moloi|first1=Tshepo|title=Book Review -The Pan African Pantheon: Prophets, Poets and Philosophers Edited by Adekeye Adebajo|journal=Academia Letters|date=2020|volume=2935|page=3|url=https://mayihlomenews.co.za/book-review-the-pan-african-pantheon-prophets-poets-and-philosophers/|access-date=November 16, 2021}}</ref> Jeanne Martin Cissé ta taka rawa wajen 'yancin kai na Guinea da kuma kawo haƙƙin mata na Afirka a gaba na tattaunawar mulkin mallaka, misali ta yi tasiri ga kare haƙƙin mata na Guinea da aka tsara a cikin kundin tsarin mulkinta. <ref name="auto1">{{cite journal|last1=Martin-Cisse|first1=Jeanne|title=Family Problems in Africa|journal=The Guild Practitioner|date=1980|volume=37|issue=1|page=25|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/guild37&div=13&id=&page=|access-date=November 16, 2021}}</ref> Babban abin da ke cikin aikin Cissé shine ra'ayin cewa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya za ta iya samar da tsarin kasa da kasa wanda zai kare 'yan mata da mata na Afirka daga batutuwa kamar auren dole. <ref name="Burke 286">{{cite journal|last1=Burke|first1=Ronald|title=Emotional Diplomacy and Human Rights at the United Nations'|journal=Human Rights Quarterly|date=2017|volume=39|issue=1|page=286|doi=10.1353/hrq.2017.0018|s2cid=149184662|url=https://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/r36625.pdf|access-date=November 16, 2021}}</ref> Dangane da saurin karuwar yawan haihuwa, yayin da take cikin gwamnati, ta jaddada muhimmancin tsarin iyali da kuma ilimin jima'i a makarantun firamare na Guinea, duk da tsaurin adawa daga yawancin Musulmi. <ref name="Martin-Cisse page 26">{{cite journal|last1=Martin-Cisse|first1=Jeanne|title=Family Problems in Africa|journal=The Guild Practitioner|date=1980|volume=37|issue=1|page=26|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/guild37&div=13&id=&page=|access-date=November 18, 2021}}</ref> A cikin wata kasida da aka rubuta a 1979, game da yanayin iyali a Afirka, Cissé ta yi sukar da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba game da rawar da ake tilastawa iyaye mata a cikin wanke kwakwalwan 'ya'yansu mata don biye da matsayin jinsi. <ref name="Martin-Cisse page 26"/> Ta kuma taka rawa a cikin dokar 1968 a Guinea wacce ta hana auren mata fiye da ɗaya, tana mai imanin cewa zai yi tasiri wajen yaƙar yaduwar watsi da iyalai ta hanyar ubanni, don haka rage nauyin jiki da iyaye mata ke fuskanta a Guinea. <ref name="auto1"/> A matakin kasa da kasa, Cissé ita ce shugabar Afirka ta farko ta Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 1972 kuma ta yi nasarar zartar da ƙuduri biyu, suna la'antar cin zarafin Isra'ila a kan Falasdinu, da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Barry|first1=Aminata|title=Femmes, Pouvoir et Prise de Décision En Afrique Au Sud Du Sahara|journal=Présence Africaine|date=2007|volume=175|issue=177|page=720|jstor=43617565|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43617565|access-date=November 16, 2021}}</ref> Har ila yau, ta tsara kuma ta taimaka wajen zartar da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Yarjejeniyar da Shekarun Aure a 1964, wanda ya samar da babban tsari don dokoki a fadin Afirka. <ref name="Burke 286"/> An haifi Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti (FRK) a 1900 kuma ta yi karatu a Ingila a 1922. <ref name="Shonekan, Fela's Foundation, page 135">{{cite journal|last1=Shonekan|first1=Stephanie|title=Fela's Foundation: Examining the Revolutionary Songs of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti and the Abeokuta Market Women's Movement in 1940s Western Nigeria|journal=Black Music Research Journal|date=Spring 2009|volume=29|issue=1|page=135|jstor=20640673|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20640673|access-date=November 16, 2021}}</ref> Ta koma garinsu na Abeokuta, a yankin jihar Ogun a Najeriya, inda ta fara aikin ta mai zurfi a fafutukar Najeriya da kasa da kasa. Nasarorinta ba a taɓa yin irinsu ba: kasancewar ita ce mace ta farko da ke da matsayi mafi girma a cikin wata babbar jam'iyyar siyasa (Majalisar Kasa ta Najeriya da Kamaru), mace ta farko da ta tuka mota a Najeriya, kuma mace ta farko 'yar Afirka da ta yi tafiya zuwa Gabas, inda ta ziyarci China da Rasha a lokacin Yakin Cold War. <ref name="Shonekan, Fela's Foundation, page 135"/> Ɗanta, Fela Kuti, ya zama sanannen mawaki a duniya kuma wanda ya kafa nau'in kiɗan da ake kira Afrobeat, wani motsi na kiɗa na siyasa wanda ya kasance mai tsananin Pan-Afirka. Masana da ke nazarin rayuwar FRK da ɗanta sun yarda cewa ita ce babban tasirin siyasa a kan Pan-Afirka da kuma ɓangaren siyasa na kiɗansa. <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shonekan|title=Fela's Foundation: Examining the Revolutionary Songs of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti and the Abeokuta Market Women's Movement in 1940s Western Nigeria|journal=Black Music Research Journal|date=Spring 2009|volume=29|issue=1|page=142|jstor=20640673|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20640673|access-date=November 16, 2021}}</ref> A 1949, FRK ta kafa kuma ta jagoranci Kungiyar Mata ta Najeriya wacce a 1953 ta canza sunanta zuwa Federation of Nigerian Women's Societies, tana neman haɗin kai tsakanin kungiyoyin mata a Najeriya. <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chuku|first1=Gloria|title=Igbo Women and Political Participation in Nigeria, 1800s-2005|journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies|date=2009|volume=42|issue=1|page=91|jstor=40282431|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40282431|access-date=2021-11-16}}</ref> Daga baya, ƙungiyoyin mata na duniya sun nemi ta irin su Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF) da Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. <ref name="auto2">{{cite journal|last1=Johnson-Odim|first1=Cheryl|title='For their freedoms': The anti-imperialist and international feminist activity of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti of Nigeria|journal=Women's Studies International Forum|date=January–February 2009|volume=32|issue=1|page=53|doi=10.1016/j.wsif.2009.01.004|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277539509000053|access-date=2021-11-16|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ta kuma shiga cikin siyasar Ghana, inda ta zama abokiyar Kwame Nkrumah, wanda ya jagoranci murya ta Afirka kan Pan-Africanism kuma shugaban Ghana, wanda ya yaba mata 'da kasancewarta abin ƙarfafawa ga Kungiyar Mata ta Ghana.' <ref name="auto2"/> Daya daga cikin gudummawarta mafi mahimmanci ita ce kafa Abeokuta Ladies Club - wannan rukuni ne na matan kasuwa na Najeriya, waɗanda matsayinsu na tattalin arziki mai ƙarfi a Abeokuta ke neman yin tasiri ga manufofin mulkin mallaka waɗanda suka lalata ikon su na samun kuɗi da kuma kasancewa masu zaman kansu. <ref name="auto2"/> A cikin shekarun 1940, sama da mata 20,000 sun kasance mambobi. Ta canza sunan zuwa Abeokuta Women's Union, yana nuna motsi zuwa ga fafutuka kai tsaye. Misali, a watan Nuwamba 1947, ita ce ke da alhakin shirya zanga-zangar da mata fiye da 10,000 suka halarta. <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Johnson-Odim|title='For their freedoms': The anti-imperialist and international feminist activity of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti of Nigeria|journal=Women's Studies International Forum|date=January–February 2009|volume=32|issue=1|page=55|doi=10.1016/j.wsif.2009.01.004|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277539509000053|access-date=2021-11-16|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da shirya don haƙƙin mata har tsawon rayuwarta har zuwa 1977, lokacin da wani hari na gwamnati da aka gudanar don mayar da martani ga fafutukar ɗanta Fela Kuti, ya sa aka jefa ta daga taga bene na biyu. Ta mutu daga raunukan da ta samu a 1978. <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Johnson-Odim |title='For their freedoms': The anti-imperialist and international feminist activity of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti of Nigeria|journal=Women's Studies International Forum|date=January–February 2009|volume=32|issue=1|page=58|doi=10.1016/j.wsif.2009.01.004|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277539509000053|access-date=November 15, 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Pan-Africanism a karni na 21 == === Kafofin sada zumunta da intanet === Tun lokacin da aka fara juyin juya halin dijital, intanet da sauran kafofin watsa labarai makamantansu sun saukake ci gaban yawancin muhimman ka'idojin Pan-Afirka ta hanyar karfafa da kuma kara haɗin gwiwa tsakanin mutane a fadin nahiyar. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Christian |first1=Mark |title=Charles Quist-Adade and Wendy Royal, eds., Re-engaging the African Diasporas: Pan-Africanism in the Age of Globalization . Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2016. Pp. 377. $74.00 (cloth). |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-african-american-history_winter-2019_104_1/page/149 |journal=The Journal of African American History |date=January 2019 |volume=104 |issue=1 |pages=149–151 |doi=10.1086/701092 |s2cid=151249940 }}</ref> Ko da yake yawan amfani da intanet ya kasance a kasa da matsakaicin duniya, kusan kashi 43 cikin dari na al'ummar Afirka suna amfani da intanet da kafofin sada zumunta tare da Facebook, Twitter da YouTube suna daga cikin shafukan sada zumunta da aka fi so. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa: internet penetration 2021 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1176654/internet-penetration-rate-africa-compared-to-global-average/ |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=Statista }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-12-15 |title=A social media boom begins in Africa |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/december-2010/social-media-boom-begins-africa |first=André-Michel|last= Essoungou|access-date=2022-04-27 |website=Africa Renewal }}</ref> Ikon haɗawa da mutane dubban mil mil nesa ya ba wa waɗannan dandamali damar zama wuraren da mutane a fadin nahiyar da yankin ke ƙoƙarin samar da haɗin kai na Afirka. Twitter na ɗaya daga cikin manyan shafukan da ake samar da wannan. A watan Yuli 2015, marubuciya kuma mai magana da harshen Botswana mai suna Siyanda Mohutsiwa ta yi tambaya a shafinta na Twitter wanda ya haifar da ƙirƙirar hashtag #IfAfricaWasABar. <ref name=":5">{{cite journal |last1=Cheruiyot |first1=David |last2=Uppal |first2=Charu |title=Pan-Africanism as a laughing matter: (Funny) expressions of African identity on Twitter |journal=Journal of African Media Studies |date=1 June 2019 |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=257–274 |doi=10.1386/jams.11.2.257_1 |s2cid=202250820 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Bayan mako guda, an samar da sama da tweets 60,000 masu hashtag, wanda ya ba masu amfani a dandalin damar yin gwagwarmaya da hangen nesa na yaduwar mu'amalar Afirka a fadin nahiyar. <ref name=":5" /> Falsafar jagoranci ta mawakin Najeriya Burna Boy ita ce Pan-Africanism, saboda ya yi imani da sake gina gada da 'yan Afirka mazauna kasashen waje, yana kallon Afirka a matsayin Nahiyar Uwa da wurin haifuwar dan adam. <ref>{{cite web |date=March 29, 2021 |title=Burna Boy: The Afropolitan troubadour |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/burna-boy-the-afropolitan-troubadour/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Guardian ng}}</ref> Haɗin gwiwar juyin juya halin kafofin watsa labarai na dijital da Pan-Africanism ya kuma yi tasiri ga bangaren ilimi. Kungiyoyin Pan-Afirka sun yi amfani da intanet da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital don samar da abubuwan ilimi ga yara da manya a ƙoƙarin inganta sakamakon koyo a fadin nahiyar. Mafi shaharar su shine Ubongo wanda shine babban mai samar da abubuwan ilimi na Afirka ga yara kuma yana amfani da shirye-shirye kamar ''Akil and Me'' don taimakawa matasan Afirka inganta sakamakon karatu. <ref name=":6">{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|2636139528}} |title=Ubongo Launches Words and Sounds with Akili to Promote Pan-African Early Literacy |work=Ventures Africa |date=5 March 2022 }}</ref> Sakamakon ya yadu tare da Ubongo yana ikirarin cewa yara miliyan 24 sun nuna ingantaccen sakamakon koyo kuma wani bincike a Tanzaniya ya gano haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ingantaccen basirar lissafi da yara masu amfani da abubuwan Ubongo. <ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Watson |first1=Joe |last2=Hennessy |first2=Sara |author-link2=Sara Hennessy |last3=Vignoles |first3=Anna |date=March 2021 |title=The relationship between educational television and mathematics capability in Tanzania |journal=British Journal of Educational Technology |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=638–658 |doi=10.1111/bjet.13047 |s2cid=230603967 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka === Tunanin Pan-Afirka ya rinjayi kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (yanzu Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka) a 1963. Daya daga cikin manyan manufofin da Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta saita wa nahiyar a karni na 21 shine inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki na dogon lokaci. An dauki manyan matakai don magance wannan matsalar musamman tare da kafa Yarjejeniyar Ciniki Kyauta ta Nahiyar Afirka (AfCFTA). Kafa wannan yankin ciniki kyauta yana haɗa kasashe a fadin nahiyar waɗanda tare suke da GDP sama da dalar Amurka tiriliyan 2.5. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-01 |title=Africa for Africans: A Lost Promise? |website=Egyptian Streets|first=Ibrahim |last=Abdou |url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2022/03/01/africa-for-africans-a-lost-promise/ |access-date=2022-04-27 }}</ref> Fitowar COVID-19 ta jinkirta aiwatar da ita amma a cikin dogon lokaci, Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka na fatan cewa yarjejeniyar za ta hanzarta masana'antu, ta haɓaka ciniki sosai, kuma ta taimaka wajen ƙara haɗin kan tattalin arziki a fadin nahiyar. <ref name=":8">{{cite journal |last1=Wapmuk |first1=Sharkdam |title=Pan-Africanism in the 21st century: African union and the challenges of cooperation and integration in Africa |journal=Brazilian Journal of International Relations |date=30 November 2021 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=283–311 |doi=10.36311/2237-7743.2021.v10n2.p283-311 |s2cid=245324443 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta kuma nemi yin canje-canje a kan manufofin da suka shafi motsi a cikin nahiyar. Kamar yarjejeniyar da ake da ita a Tarayyar Turai, Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta gabatar da manufar motsi kyauta wacce za ta ba mazauna kasashe a cikin kungiyar damar motsawa a fadin nahiyar kyauta da kuma shiga harkokin tattalin arziki a wasu kasashe. <ref name=":9">{{Cite news |date=2021-10-30 |title=Many more Africans are migrating within Africa than to Europe |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/briefing/2021/10/30/many-more-africans-are-migrating-within-africa-than-to-europe |access-date=2022-04-27 }}</ref> Yawancin kasashe ba su rattaba hannu a kan yarjejeniyar ba kuma wasu suna da shakku game da damar samun nasara amma Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka tana ci gaba da kallon wannan manufar a matsayin babban mataki zuwa ga burinta na hadin kai da haɗin kai a fadin nahiyar. <ref name=":9" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Phakathi |first1=Mlungisi |title=African Union Migration Policies: A Route to African Unity? |journal=Journal of African Union Studies |date=13 August 2019 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=25–44 |id={{ProQuest|2328300614}} |doi=10.31920/2050-4306/2019/8n2a2 |s2cid=204634348 }}</ref> Ko da yake a zamanin duniya baki daya da kuma karuwar haɗin kai, kalubale na ci gaba da wanzuwa wanda ke raunana burin Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka na hadin kai a fadin nahiyar. Yawancin waɗannan kalubale sun ci gaba tsawon shekaru da dama tare da wasu ciki har da aiwatar da yarjejeniyar da ba ta dace ba, rashin ingantaccen mulki da ci gaba da shigar manyan ƙasashen tattalin arziki na waje da sauransu. <ref name=":8" /> Tasirin Amurka, Ingila da Faransa na ci gaba da kasancewa yayin da sabbin kasashe kamar China ke ƙara shiga cikin siyasa da tattalin arziki a nahiyar tare da da yawa suna kiran wannan zamanin a matsayin "sabon tseren neman Afirka". <ref name=":8" /> ==Manufa== [[File:Pan Africanism mural in Tanzania.jpg|thumb|Wani zanen bango a Ujiji, Tanzania]] Kamar yadda Henry Sylvester Williams ya tsara tun farko (ko da yake wasu masana tarihin<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1997.tb03292.x | doi=10.1111/j.1478-1913.1997.tb03292.x | title=Edward Wilmot Blyden and Panafricanism: The Ideological Roots of Islam and Black Nationalism in the United States | year=1997 | last1=Turner | first1=Richard Brent | journal=The Muslim World | volume=87 | issue=2 | pages=169–182 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> na danganta ra'ayin ga Edward Wilmot Blyden), Pan-Africanism yana nufin haɗin kan duk nahiyar Afirka.<ref name="Sculpting a Pan-African Culture">{{cite journal|url=http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol1no6/SculptingaPanAfricanCultureInArtOfNegritude_vol1no6.pdf|title=Sculpting a Pan-African Culture in the Art of Négritude: A Model for African Artist|date=December 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601150556/http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol1no6/SculptingaPanAfricanCultureInArtOfNegritude_vol1no6.pdf|archive-date=June 1, 2015|url-status=bot: unknown|first=Crystal Z.|last= Campbell|journal=The Journal of Pan African Studies|volume=1|issue=6}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, an kafa wani ƙungiya mai suna Pan Africanist Congress wanda Robert Sobukwe ya jagoranta, wadda ke fafutukar kare 'yancin 'yan Afirka a ƙarƙashin mulkin wariyar launin fata. Wasu ƙungiyoyin masu ra'ayin Pan-Africanism sun haɗa da: ƙungiyar Marcus Garvey ta Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League, TransAfrica da kuma International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pan Africanism, regional integration and development in Africa|date=2020|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=Cham|isbn=9783030342968|page=18|access-date=}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Pan-Africanism yana da manufar komawa ga abin da magoya bayansa ke ɗauka a matsayin ka'idoji da dabi'u na gargajiya na Afirka dangane da al'adu, rayuwar al'umma da kimar ɗan Adam. Misalai sun haɗa da motsin Négritude na Léopold Sédar Senghor, da kuma ra'ayin Mobutu Sese Seko na Authenticité.<ref>{{cite SSRN |last1=Aniche |first1=Ernest |title=Post-Neo-Functionalism, Pan-Africanism and Regional Integration in Africa: Prospects and Challenges of the Proposed Tripartite Free Trade Area (T-FTA) |date=3 July 2015 |ssrn=2659904 }}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin manyan jigo da ke yawo a cikin rubuce-rubucen masu ra'ayin Pan-Africanism shi ne alaƙar tarihi tsakanin ƙasashe daban-daban na nahiyar da kuma fa'idar haɗin kai a matsayin hanyar ƙin yarda da mulkin mallaka da mamayar Turawa.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pan Africanism, regional integration and development in Africa|date=2020|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=Cham|isbn=|page=20|access-date=}}</ref> Wasu jami’o’i ma sun kafa “Sassan Nazarin Pan-Africanism” tun a ƙarshen shekarun 1960. Wannan ya haɗa da Jami’ar California State, inda aka kafa wannan sashi a shekarar 1969 a matsayin martani kai tsaye ga motsin neman ‘yancin bakaken fata, kuma a yau ana amfani da shi wajen koyar da ɗalibai game da “gwanintar rayuwar bakaken fata a duniya”, da kuma “nuna wa jami’a da al’umma yawan arziki, bambanci da kuzarin al’adun Afirka, Afro-Amurka da yankin Caribbean”, da kuma “fahimtar rashin adalci ga bakaken fata daga hangen Afirka”.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csus.edu/pas/About%20Us.html#quickLinks|title=About Us|publisher=Csus.edu|access-date=October 15, 2015|archive-date=November 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121104216/https://www.csus.edu/pas/about%20us.html#quickLinks|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sannan Jami’ar Syracuse ma tana bayar da digirin digirgir (master’s) a fannin Pan-African Studies.<ref>[http://aas.syr.edu/graduate/ The M.A. in Pan African Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025115454/http://aas.syr.edu/graduate/|date=October 25, 2014}}, African American Studies at Syracuse University.</ref> ==Kalar Pan-Afirka== [[File:Flag of Ethiopia (Blank).svg|thumb|Flag of Ethiopia, 1897]] Daya daga cikin tutocin farko da aka yi amfani da su don wakiltar Pan-Afirka ita ce tutar UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association), wacce tuta ce mai launuka uku da ta ƙunshi daidaitattun ratsi uku a kwance na (daga sama-ƙasa) ja, baki da kore. UNIA ta amince da ita a hukumance a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 1920, a lokacin babban taronta na tsawon wata guda a Madison Square Garden a New York. An yi amfani da bambance-bambancen kalar Pan-Afirka don ƙirƙirar tutoci a ƙasashe da yankuna daban-daban a Afirka da Amurka don wakiltar akidun Black Nationalist. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai tutocin Malawi, Kenya, Sudan ta Kudu da Saint Kitts da Nevis. Kungiyoyin Pan-Afirka da ƙungiyoyi da yawa sun kuma yi amfani da tsarin launuka ja, baki da kore a cikin yanayi daban-daban. Wata tuta da ta zaburar da kungiyoyin Pan-Afirka ita ce mai launuka uku a kwance na kore, rawaya da ja. An fara amfani da wannan haɗin launi daga tutar Habasha ta 1897, kuma an samo shi ne daga gaskiyar cewa Habasha ita ce kasa mafi tsufa mai cin gashin kanta a nahiyar. ==Suka== An zargi Pan-Afirka da kasancewa wata kungiya ce ta manyan masu ilimi na Afirka waɗanda ba su damu da muradun talakawa na Afirka ba. Dan jarida ɗan asalin Kenya mai ra'ayin hagu Philip Ochieng ya rubuta a shekarar 1971, "Kuma ba kome ba ne idan waɗannan talakawa sun san wani abu game da wannan motsi. Pan-Afirka motsi ne na ajin da ke da son kai." Kwame Nkrumah ya fuskanci shakku daga yawancin abokan aikinsa na zamaninsa, waɗanda suka ɗauke shi a matsayin "mai son kai wanda burinsa na gaskiya shi ne ya mallaki nahiyar Afirka gabaɗaya." Yawancin sabbin ƙasashen Afirka masu cin gashin kai sun nuna adawa ga burin Nkrumah na haɗin kan siyasa na Afirka saboda sun ɗauke shi a matsayin barazana ga ikon mallakar ƙasarsu. Shugaban ƙasar Ivory Coast Félix Houphouët-Boigny ya kasance mai tsayin daka adawa da Nkrumah, kuma su biyun sun yi sabani da juna. Kungiyoyin Pan-Afirka kamar Kungiyar Haɗin Kan Afirka (OAU) an zarge su da mutane irin su shugaban ƙasar Tanzania Julius Nyerere da cewa su ne "kwamitin masu mulkin kama-karya" waɗanda ba su kare haƙƙin Afirka ba. Shugabannin Afirka waɗanda suka yi shugabancin Kungiyar Haɗin Kan Afirka da Tarayyar Afirka kamar shugaban ƙasar Uganda Idi Amin, shugaban ƙasar Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe, da shugaban ƙasar Libya Muammar Gaddafi an zarge su da take haƙƙin ɗan adam mai tsanani yayin da suke amfani da kalamomin Pan-Afirka don halatta ikonsu. Masanin tattalin arziki ɗan asalin Malawi Thandika Mkandawire ya bayyana cewa, "Daya daga cikin manyan raunin Pan-Afirka da tsare-tsaren yanki na Afirka shi ne gazawar kare 'yan Afirka daga azzaluman su na cikin gida. Ba a ga Pan-Afirka a matsayin mai ƙarfafawa da tabbatar da haƙƙin mutane a matsayin 'yan ƙasa a ƙasashensu ba. Haɗin kai a cikin sunan Pan-Afirka ya rufe munanan ayyuka na masu mulkin kama-karya na Afirka daga cin hanci da rashawa zuwa kisan kare dangi." Wani zargi na Pan-Afirka shi ne cewa ba shi da muhimmanci ga al'amuran zamani da suka shafi Afirka bayan mulkin mallaka, don haka "ya makale a baya." An zargi Pan-Afirka da mai da hankali sosai kan wani ɗan gajeren "Afirka" ko "baƙar fata" yayin da ake watsi da rikice-rikice masu sarkakiya na kabilanci da addini da ke tsakanin Afirka (musamman a Najeriya, inda shugabannin 'yancin kai suka yi watsi da haɗin kan ƙasa bayan samun 'yancin kai don tallata muradun kabilun su fiye da na wasu), kuma an lura cewa wannan akida ta dogara ne kan gina "maƙiyi na gama gari" kamar mulkin mallaka don ci gaba da kasancewarta da halaccinta. == Jam'iyyun Siyasa da Kungiyoyi == {{stack|File:Muammar al-Gaddafi-6-30112006.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi a taron farko na Afirka da Kudancin Amurka a 2006 a Abuja, Najeriya}} === A Afirka === ==== Hukumomin Siyasa na Yau da Kullum ==== * Kungiyar Haɗin Kai ta Afirka, wanda Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta maye gurbin ta * Majalisar Pan-Afirka, Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ==== Kungiyoyin Siyasa da Ƙungiyoyi ==== * Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Afirka * ''Rassemblement Démocratique Africain'', an daina aiki * Jam'iyyar Juyin Juya Hali ta Mutanen Afirka Duka * Kungiyar Mata ta Pan-Afirka<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100019754|title=Pan African Women's Organization &#124; UIA Yearbook Profile &#124; Union of International Associations}}</ref> * Taron Ikilisiyoyi na Afirka Duka (Kenya) * Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Afirka Duka, an daina aiki * Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Yarjejeniya (Ghana) * African National Congress (Afirka ta Kudu) === A Caribbean === * Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Pan-Afirka, wani yanki a Ofishin Firaminista na Barbados.<ref name="Worrell2005">{{cite book|first=Rodney|last= Worrell|title=Pan-Africanism in Barbados: An Analysis of the Activities of the Major 20th-century Pan-African Formations in Barbados|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQkLVIdJ2g0C&pg=PA99|year=2005|publisher=New Academia Publishing, LLC|isbn=978-0-9744934-6-6|pages=99–102}}</ref> * Kungiyar Afirka don Harkokin Al'adu da Afirka Mai Zaman Kanta, an daina aiki (Guyana) * Kungiyar Yanci ta Caribbean ta Antigua (Antigua da Barbuda) * Kungiyar Clement Payne (Barbados) * Jam'iyyar Siyasa ta Marcus Garvey (Jamaica) * Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Negro ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Al'ummomin Afirka (Jamaica) === A Turai === * Ƙungiyar Pan-Afirka (Ƙasar Ingila), an daina aiki * Kungiyar Mata ta Pan-Afirka (Norway)<ref>[https://www.pawa.no/ Pan African Women Association.]</ref> === A Amurka === Majalisar Harkokin Afirka (CAA): wanda Max Yergan da Paul Robeson suka kafa a 1937, CAA ita ce babbar kungiya ta farko a Amurka wacce ta fi mayar da hankali kan samar da bayanai masu dacewa da sabbin bayanai game da Pan-Afirka a duk faɗin Amurka, musamman ga Ba-Amurke. Wataƙila yakin neman zaɓe mafi nasara na majalisar shine na agajin yunwa a Afirka ta Kudu a 1946. CAA tana fatan cewa, bayan Yakin Duniya na II, za a sami motsi zuwa ga 'yancin kai na Duniya na Uku a ƙarƙashin kulawar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref name="Duberman 296-297">Duberman, Martin. ''Paul Robeson'', 1989, pp. 296–97.</ref> Ga takaicin CAA, shawarwarin da gwamnatin Amurka ta gabatar wa taron a Afrilu/Mayu 1945 ba su sa iyakoki a fili kan tsawon lokacin mulkin mallaka ba kuma ba su yi wani motsi ba don ba da damar mallakar yanki su matsa zuwa ga mulkin kai.<ref name="Duberman 296-297"/> Magoya bayan masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun bar CAA, kuma gwamnatin tarayya ta murkushe ayyukanta. A 1953, an tuhumi CAA da hargitsi a ƙarƙashin Dokar Tsaro ta Cikin Gida ta McCarran. Shugabanninta na farko, ciki har da Robeson, W. E. B. Du Bois, da Alphaeus Hunton (1903–70), an fuskanci cin zarafi, tuhuma, kuma a cikin yanayin Hunton, ɗaurin kurkuku. Karkashin nauyin rikice-rikice na ciki, danniya na gwamnati, da matsalolin kuɗi, Majalisar Harkokin Afirka ta watse a 1955.<ref>[http://africanactivist.msu.edu/organization.php?name=Council+on+African+Affairs "Council on African Affairs"], African Activist Archive.</ref> * Ƙungiyar US Organization an kafa ta ne a 1965 ta hanyar Maulana Karenga, bayan tarzomar Watts. An kafa ta ne a kan falsafar Afirka ta kawaida, kuma watakila an fi saninta da ƙirƙirar Kwanzaa da ''Nguzo Saba'' ("ka'idoji bakwai"). A cikin kalmomin wanda ya kafa ta kuma shugabanta, Karenga, "babban aikin ƙungiyarmu ta Us ya kasance kuma ya kasance don samar da falsafa, saitin ka'idoji da shiri wanda ke zaburar da aiki na sirri da na zamantakewa wanda ba wai kawai yana biyan bukatun ɗan adam ba har ma yana canza mutane a cikin tsari, yana sa su zama masu hankali na rayuwarsu da 'yancin kai".<ref name="The US Organization">{{cite web|url=http://www.us-organization.org/30th/ppp.html|title=Philosophy, Principles, and Program|website=The Organization Us}}</ref> * TransAfrica kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce Randall Robinson ya kafa a 1977 wacce ke ƙoƙarin samar da agajin siyasa da tattalin arziki ga waɗanda ke cikin ƙungiyoyin al'ummar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africanactivist.msu.edu/organization.php?name=TransAfrica|title =TransAfrica|publisher= African Activist Archive}}</ref> Kungiyar adalci ta zamantakewa tana tada hankali game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin al'ummar Afirka ta hanyar aikin shari'a da kuma ilmantar da 'yan asalin Afirka game da manufofin cikin gida da na waje na Amurka waɗanda ke shafar su kai tsaye. Ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙarin haɗin kai tsakanin 'yan Afirka da mutanen asalin Afirka ga masu tsara manufofi, TransAfrica na neman ƙirƙirar ci gaba mai ɗorewa, mai zaman kanta, da ci gaba ga waɗannan kabilun.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/transafrica-1977/|title=Transafrica Forum (1977-)|first=Nancy|last= Cho|website=[[BlackPast.org]]|date=December 18, 2009|access-date=July 17, 2021}}</ref> == Manufofi da Falsafofin Pan-Afirka == === Nazarin Maafa === Maafa wani bangare ne na karatun Pan-Afirka. Kalmar tana nufin shekaru 500 na wahala (ciki har da na yanzu) na mutanen zuriyar Afirka ta hanyar bauta, mulkin mallaka, mulkin mallaka, da sauran nau'ikan zalunci. <ref> {{Cite web|url=http://media.www.temple-news.com/media/storage/paper143/news/2003/10/30/Opinion/What-African.Holocaust-543918.shtml|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20071018171553/http://media.www.temple-news.com/media/storage/paper143/news/2003/10/30/Opinion/What-African.Holocaust-543918.shtml?norewrite200612211320&sourcedomain=www.temple-news.|url-status=dead|first=Glenn|last= Reitz|issue=10/30/03|title=Menene Kisan Kiyashin Afirka? - Ra'ayi|archive-date=Oktoba 18, 2007|access-date=Nuwamba 23, 2021}} </ref> <ref> {{Cite web|url=http://www.swagga.com/maafa.htm|title=MAAFA (Kisan Kiyashin Afirka)|website=Ƙwarewar Afrocentric|date=Fabrairu 8, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208203214/http://www.swagga.com/maafa.htm|archive-date=Fabrairu 8, 2007}} </ref> A cikin wannan fannin na karatu, duka ainihin tarihin da gadon wannan tarihin ana nazarin su azaman zance guda. Jigon a cikin labarin tarihi yana kan wakilan Afirka, sabanin wakilan da ba na Afirka ba. <ref> {{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2784725|jstor=2784725|title=Tatsuniyoyi na Afirka Ba'amurke: Matsayinsa a Sake Gina Tarihin Afirka Ba'amurke|last1=Ogunleye|first1=Tolagbe|journal=Jaridar Nazarin Baƙar fata|year=1997|volume=27|issue=4|pages=435–455|doi=10.1177/002193479702700401|s2cid=143527325|url-access=subscription}} </ref> === Afrocentric pan-Africanism === Afrocentric pan-Africanism Kwabena Faheem Ashanti ne ya bayyana shi a cikin littafinsa ''The Psychotechnology of Brainwashing: Crucifying Willie Lynch''. Wani sabon motsi da ya samo asali daga makarantar Afrocentric ta farko shine motsi na Afrisecal ko Afrisecaism na Francis Ohanyido, wani ɗan falsafar Najeriya-mawaƙi. <ref name="Bio Ohanyido"> {{cite web|url=http://www.africaresource.com/djelia/poetry/173-francis-okechukwu-ohanyido|publisher=African Resource|title=Francis Okechukwu Ohanyido|date=Oktoba 7, 2006}} </ref> Ƙishin ƙasa na Baƙar fata wani lokaci yana da alaƙa da wannan nau'in Pan-Africanism. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Collective |first=African |date=2023-10-31 |title=Pan-Africanism |url=https://africancollective.org/blog/pan-africanism-uniting-the-global-african-diaspora/ |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=Tarayyar Afirka - Labaran Afirka, Kasuwancin Baƙar fata, Abubuwan Afirka a Duniya |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117034732/https://africancollective.org/blog/pan-africanism-uniting-the-global-african-diaspora/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Kawaida === {{Main|Falsafar Afirka#Kawaida}} Kawaida, kalmar Swahili ma'ana "yawanci", ƙungiya ce ta Pan-Afirka ta ƙasa da ƙungiyar ilimi wacce aka ƙirƙira a lokacin da [[Black Power movement]] ya yi ƙarfi ta hanyar farfesa, marubuci, kuma mai fafutuka na Afirka [[Maulana Karenga]]. <ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/kawaida|title=Kawaida | Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com}} </ref> Falsafar tana ƙarfafa dawo da tunanin gargajiya na Afirka tare da imanin cewa zai ba zuriyar Afirka damar ci gaba da yaƙi da wariyar launin fata da sauran matsaloli na asali. <ref> {{Cite web|url=https://lasentinel.net/a-kawaida-rightful-reading-of-history-culture-consciousness-and-struggle.html|title=Karatun Tarihi na Kawaida Mai Kyau: Al'adu, Hankali da Gwagwarmaya|first=Maulana|last=Karenga|website=Los Angeles Sentinel|date=18 Yuli 2019}} </ref> === Hip-hop === Tun daga ƙarshen 1970s, hip hop ya zama ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda ya tsara ainihin baƙar fata a duniya. A cikin makalarsa ta 2005 "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?", [[Greg Tate]] ya bayyana al'adun hip-hop a matsayin samfurin yanayin tunanin Pan-Afirka. Yana da "yanki/yanki mai ba da iko wanda ya zama tushe ga mafi talauci a cikinmu don samun damar mallakar ƙasar masu wadata". <ref> [[Greg Tate|Tate, Greg]], "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?", ''[[The Village Voice]]'', Janairu 4, 2005.</ref> Hip-hop yana haɗa waɗanda suka fito daga Afirka a duniya a cikin motsin sa zuwa ga mafi girman tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da siyasa. Andreana Clay a cikin makalarta "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity" ta bayyana cewa hip-hop yana ba duniya "misalai masu haske na ƙwarewar rayuwar Baƙar fata", yana haifar da alaƙar ainihin baƙar fata a duk faɗin duniya. <ref> Clay, Andreana. "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity". A cikin ''[[American Behavioral Scientist]]'', Vol. 46.10 (2003): 1346–58.</ref> Daga hangen nesa na Pan-Afirka, al'adun hip-hop na iya zama hanya don tabbatar da ainihin baƙar fata, kuma ta yin haka, yana haifar da haɗin kai da haɓaka ƙarfi a tsakanin Afirka waɗanda Pan-Africanism ya tsara don cimmawa. {{citation needed|date=Oktoba 2022}} Haɓaka shaharar al'adun hip-hop a cikin ƙarni na 21 kuma ya ƙara yawan rawar da hip-hop ke takawa don haɗin kan Pan-Afirka a duk faɗin ƙasashen waje duk da cewa damar samun babbar hannu na Pan-Afirka ya rage. <ref name=":4"> {{Cite web |title=Pan-Africanism a cikin Ƙarni na 21, Ƙalubale da Fata - Sashe na 1 na 10 | date=Maris 12, 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXzk3WJvwnM |via=YouTube |access-date=2022-04-27}} </ref> A wani taro a [[Jami'ar Howard]] a ranar 4 ga Maris, 2016, Mataimakin Farfesa na Nazarin Afirka Msia K. Clark ya yi magana game da alaƙar tarihi da ta haɗa Pan-Africanism da hip-hop tun lokacin da aka haifi nau'in kuma yadda al'adun hip-hop ya kasance a sahun gaba na motsi daban-daban a duk faɗin nahiyar a cikin ƙarni na 21. <ref name=":4" /> Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan motsin ya haɗa da [[Y'en a Marre]], wanda tarin mawakan rap na Senegal ne suka taimaka wajen cire tsohon Shugaban ƙasa [[Abdoulaye Wade]] daga ofis a [[Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Senegal na 2012|2012]] ta hanyar tattara matasan Senegal. <ref> {{cite journal |id={{Gale|A367643901}} {{ProQuest|1518929583}} |last1=Nelson |first1=Sarah |title=Sabon nau'in ɗan Senegal a ƙarƙashin gini: Fadel Barro da Aliou Sane akan Yenamarrisme bayan Wade |journal=African Studies Quarterly |date=1 Maris 2014 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=13–33}} </ref> == Jaridu da kafafen yaɗa labarai na Pan Africanism == * ''[[Les Afriques]]'', Jarida ta sati sari wadda aka kafa domin yaɗa labarai na tattalin arziki na Pan Africanism, utace irin ta ta farko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afrik.com/les-afriques-le-nouveau-journal-de-la-finance-africaine|title='Les Afriques': le nouveau journal de la finance africaine|first=Falila|last= Gbadamassi|date=July 11, 2007|website=Afrik.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} ==Bibiyar Tarihi== * Kemi Séba, ''Philosophie de la panafricanité fondamentale'' – Édition Fiat Lux, 2023 {{ISBN| 9791091157391}} * [[Hakim Adi]], ''Pan-Africanism: A History.'' London: Bloomsbury, 2018 * Hakim Adi & [[Marika Sherwood]], ''Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787'', London: Routledge, 2003 * Wendell Nii Laryea Adjetey, ''Cross-Border Cosmopolitans: The Making of a Pan-African North America'', Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2023, {{ISBN|978-1-4696-6992-2}} * [[Imanuel Geiss]], ''Panafrikanismus. Zur Geschichte der Dekolonisation.'' Habilitation, EVA, Frankfurt am Main, 1968, English as: ''The Pan-African Movement'', London: Methuen, 1974, {{ISBN|0-416-16710-1}}, and as: ''The Pan-African Movement. A history of Pan-Africanism in America, Europe and Africa'', New York: Africana Publ., 1974, {{ISBN|0-8419-0161-9}} * Blain N. Keisha, Asia Leeds, and Ula Y. Taylor, ''Women, Gender Politics and Pan-Africanism'', Vol. 4, Issue 2 (Fall 2016), pp.&nbsp;139–145 * [[Colin Legum]], [http://www.freedomarchives.org/Documents/Finder/Black%20Liberation%20Disk/Black%20Power!/SugahData/Books/Legum.S.pdf ''Pan-Africanism: A Short Political Guide''], revised edition, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1965 * [[Tony Martin (professor)|Tony Martin]], ''Pan-African Connection: From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond'', Dover: The Majority Press, 1985 *Willie Molesi, ''Black Africa versus Arab North Africa: The Great Divide'', {{ISBN|979-8332308994}} *Willie Molesi, ''Relations Between Africans and Arabs: Harsh Realities'', {{ISBN|979-8334767546}} qmlkeujao7855twwel2u77mcpl3oyvm 0 101583 968011 686208 2026-10-15T22:30:10Z Nura Bello 24854 968011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hassan Gouled Aptidon''' (Oktoba 15, 1916 - Nuwamba 21,shekarar alif 2006) shine shugaban Djibouti na farko daga shekarar alif 1977 zuwa shekarar alif 1999. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife shi ne a ƙauyen Gerisa a cikin gundumar Lughaya a cikin Somaliland Somaliland. An haife shi a cikin ruƙunin Mamassan mai ƙarfi na siyasa na dangin Issa. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai daga ƙasar Faransa. Hassan Gouled ya fara aikinsa a cikin shekarar alif 1930s a matsayin ma'aikacin jinya. Ya kasance a Dikhil a shekarar alif 1932. Sannan ya kasance ɗan kasuwa. A cikin shekarar alif 1946, ya kafa tare da Mahamoud Harbi Farah kungiyar matasan Somaliya da Dankali. An zaɓe su tare a shekara ta alif 1951 zuwa Majalisar Wakilai ta mulkin mallaka, sannan suka rabu. An zaɓi Hassan Gouled ɗan majalisar dattawan ƙasar Faransa, yayin da Mahmoud Harbi. Ya kasance haka daga shekarar alif 1952 zuwa shekarar alif 1957. Hassan Gouled ya yi kamfen ne da Mahamoud Harbi Farah na jam'iyyar <nowiki><i id="mwGA">Union Republicaine</i></nowiki>, wanda ya nemi shiga yankin da makwabciyarta Somalia. A lokacin zaɓen 23 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar alif 1958, jam'iyyar Mahamoud Harbi ta wargaje kuma da rinjayen kuri'un [[Mutanen Afar|Afar]], ɓangaren sa ya lashe zaɓe. Daga bisani Mahamoud Harbi ya tsere daga Djibouti, kuma daga baya ya mutu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama.<ref>I. M. Lewis, ''A modern history of Somalia'', fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 180</ref> Hassan Gouled ya kasance mataimakin shugaban majalisar gwamnati daga shekarar alif 1958 zuwa Afrilu shekarar alif 1959.<ref>{{Citation |title=Chapter 10. The Politics of French Somaliland |date=2013-10-01 |work=Somali Nationalism |pages=123–131 |url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.4159/harvard.9780674594364.c12/pdf |access-date=2025-05-15 |publisher=Harvard University Press |language=en |doi=10.4159/harvard.9780674594364.c12/pdf |isbn=978-0-674-59436-4}}</ref> Hassan Gouled ya kuma yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Faransa 1959-1962 da Majalisar Dattawan Faransa shekarar alif 1952-zuwa shekarar alif 1958. Moussa Ahmed Idriss na Jam'iyyar Popular Movement (PMP) ne ya kayar da shi a zaɓen 'yan majalisa a shekara alif 1962. A cikin shekarar alif 1960s, ya jagoranci Democratic Union Issa. Ya kasance mai sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Arta a watan Satumbar shekarar alif 1963. Sannan ya kasance ministan ilimi a gwamnatin Ali Aref Bourhan daga shekarar alif 1963 zuwa shekarar alif 1967.<ref name=Death>{{cite news |url=http://www.adi.dj/archives/adi1106/adi87D211106.htm |publisher=Agence djiboutienne d'information |title=Décès du Président Hassan Gouled à l'âge de 90 ans |date=2006-11-21 |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928093827/http://www.adi.dj/archives/adi1106/adi87D211106.htm |archive-date=2007-09-28 }}</ref> An ɗaure shi na ɗan lokaci a watan Yuli shekarar alif 1967, tare da wasu jami'an PMP (wanda ya shiga cikin shekarar alif 1965). An zaɓe shi a Majalisar Dokoki a watan Nuwamba shekarar alif 1968 kuma daga baya ya zama Ministan Cikin Gida. Daga baya ya zama Firayim Minista na farko na Djibouti tsakanin watan Mayu shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da saba’in da bakwai 1977 da watan Yuli shekarar alif 1977. == Zuwa ga 'yancin kai == A cikin shekarar alif 1974, Hassan Gouled ya kira kuri'a tare da goyon bayan [[François Mitterrand]]. Ya zama shugaban kungiyar LPAI ta Afirka wanda aka kirkira a watan Fabrairun shekarar alif 1975 ta hanyar haɗewar kungiyar jama'ar Afirka (UPA) da League for the Future and Order. Babban sakataren shi ne Ahmed Dini. [[Fayil:Joint_FLCS-LPAI_delegation_to_Kampala_in_1976.jpg|left|thumb| Tawagar haɗin gwiwar FLCS-LPAI zuwa Kampala a 1976]] Ya zama Shugaban Majalisar Mulki a ranar 18 ga watan Mayu shekarar alif 1977 kuma Majalisar Wakilai ta zaɓe shi a matsayin Shugaban Jamhuriyar Djibouti ta gaba a ranar 28 ga watan Mayu. Ya kasance haka har shekarar alif 1999. Bayan harin da aka kai kan "Zinc Palm" a watan Disambar shekarar alif 1977, ta haramtawa babbar jam'iyyar adawa, MPL, da kafa tsarin jam'iyya ɗaya.<ref name=Death/> == Fadar shugaban ƙasa == A cikin shekarar alif 1981, Hassan Gouled ya mayar da ƙasar zama jam'iyya ɗaya ta hanyar bayyana cewa jam'iyyarsa, People's Rally for Progress (''Rassemblement populaire pour le progrès'', RPP), ita ce kaɗai ta doka. A matsayinsa na ɗan takarar jam'iyyar RPP, an zaɓe shi ba tare da adawa ba na tsawon shekaru shida a matsayin shugaban kasa a ranar 12 ga watan Yunin shekarar alif 1981, inda ya samu kashi 84.58% na kuri'un da aka kaɗa.<ref>"Sep 1981 - Re-election of President Hassan Gouled Aptidon - Cabinet Reorganization - Intensified Co-operation with North-East African Countries - Conclusion of Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation with Ethiopia", Keesing's Record of World Events, Volume 27, September, 1981 Djibouti, Page 31058.</ref> Bayan fara [[Yaƙin basasar Djibouti|yakin basasar Djibouti]] a shekarar alif 1991, ya ba da izinin gudanar da zaɓen raba gardama na kundin tsarin mulki kan siyasar jam'iyyu da yawa a watan Satumban 1992, tare da ba da izini ga jam'iyyu huɗu. A zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki da aka gudanar a watan Disambar 1992, jam'iyyu biyu ne kawai suka fafata, kuma jam'iyyar RPP ta lashe dukkan kujeru 65 na majalisar dokokin ƙasar. An sake zaɓen Gouled a karo na huɗu a watan Mayun 1993 da kashi 60.7% na kuri'un.<ref>[http://africanelections.tripod.com/dj.html Elections in Djibouti] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102105012/http://africanelections.tripod.com/dj.html |date=2017-01-02 }}, African Elections Database.</ref> A cikin shekarar 1990, tattalin arzikin Djibouti ya taɓarɓare matuka, inda dukiyoyin waje suka faɗi da kashi 40 cikin ɗari. [[Bankin Duniya]] ya fitar da wani kima na "madaidaicin bakin ciki da matukar damuwa", inda ya ambaci irin waɗannan matsalolin zamantakewa kamar yadda 'yan ƙasar Djibouti ke shan ''muggan'' kwayoyi masu ƙara kuzari. A cikin wannan lokaci, ɗan uwan Hassan Gouled Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, ba wai kawai ya yi dabarar zama magajinsa ba, amma yana ƙara zuwa ya kula da al'amuran dattijo Hassan Gouled. A ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairun 1999, Gouled Aptidon ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai yi ritaya a lokacin zaɓe na gaba, kuma babban taron jam'iyyar RPP, jam'iyyar ta zaɓi Guelleh a matsayin ɗan takararta na shugaban ƙasa. Guelle ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da aka gudanar a watan Afrilun 1999 kuma ya gaji kawunsa a ranar 8 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1999. Gouled Aptidon ya mutu a gidansa a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba 2006, yana da shekara ta alif 90. Matar Gouled ta farko, tsohuwar uwargidan shugaban ƙasa Aicha Bogoreh, mai fafutukar kare [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|hakkin mata]] da kungiyoyin agaji daban-daban, ta rasu a shekara ta 2001.<ref name=wp>{{cite news|first=Adam |last=Bernstein |title=Hassan Gouled Aptidon, First President Of Djibouti |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/29/AR2006112901450.html |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |date=2006-11-30 |access-date=2012-07-30}}</ref> Ya auri matarsa ta biyu bayan mutuwar Bogoreh. == Girmamawa == === Karramawar kasashen waje === * {{Flag|Malaysia}}: ** [[Fayil:MY_Darjah_Utama_Seri_Mahkota_Negara_(Crown_of_the_Realm)_-_DMN.svg|70x70px]] Honorary Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (1998)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Semakan Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang, dan Pingat Persekutuan. |url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719195551/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp |archive-date=2019-07-19 |access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2006]] 283v9537zv0fc1yfqvmcfzbwj2rezf6 0 112927 967855 892634 2026-10-15T14:43:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Mata da Daidaiton Jinsi Kanada''' ( '''LABARAI''' ; French ), wanda aka sani da '''Matsayin Matan Kanada''' daga 1976 zuwa 2018, sashe ne na Gwamnatin Kanada . A baya wata hukuma a karkashin Ma'aikatar Al'adun Kanada, ta sami matsayi na sashen bayan kuri'a a watan Disamba na 2018 ta zartar da ''Dokar Aiwatar da Kasafin Kudi, 2018, No. 2'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Women and Gender Equality |date=2018-12-13 |title=Creation of the Department for Women and Gender Equality |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/status-women/news/2018/12/creation-of-the-department-for-women-and-gender-equality.html |access-date=2019-11-15 |website=gcnws |archive-date=2020-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012205205/https://www.canada.ca/en/status-women/news/2018/12/creation-of-the-department-for-women-and-gender-equality.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wanda ya hada da dokar da ke goyon bayan inganta hukumar zuwa wani sashi da kuma kara karfinta, ayyuka, da ayyuka ga wadanda suka shafi ba mata kawai ba, amma duk jinsin jinsi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Branch |first=Legislative Services |date=2019-04-08 |title=Consolidated federal laws of canada, Department for Women and Gender Equality Act |url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/W-11.3/page-1.html |access-date=2019-11-14 |website=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca}}</ref> Manufar sashen shine don "ci gaba da daidaito game da jima'i, yanayin jima'i, da ainihin jinsi ko magana ta hanyar haɗawa da mutane na kowane jinsi, ciki har da mata, a cikin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da siyasa na Kanada" da kuma haɗuwa da waɗannan tare da wasu alamomi kamar kabilanci, shekaru, zamantakewa-tattalin arziki matakin, nakasa, da sauransu. Sashen yana haɗin gwiwa da sauran sassan gwamnati, na tarayya da na larduna, da ƙungiyoyin farar hula da masu zaman kansu don cimma wannan burin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Status of Women Canada |title=Who we are - Status of Women Canada |url=https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/abu-ans/who-qui/index-en.html |access-date=2019-11-14 |website=cfc-swc.gc.ca}}</ref> == Tarihi == Firayim Minista Pierre Trudeau ya fara nada ministar da ke da alhakin Matsayin Mata a cikin 1971, lokacin da Hukumar Sarauta kan Matsayin Mata ta ba da shawarar kafa wakilin mata a cikin gwamnatin tarayya. Akwai wani ofishi da mai gudanarwa tun 1970, da farko an kafa shi a Ofishin Majalisar Masu Zaman Kansu, har sai da ya zama cikakkiyar hukuma a cikin 1976. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Status of Women Canada |title=Royal Commission on the Status of Women in Canada - Status of Women Canada |url=https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/abu-ans/wwad-cqnf/roycom/index-en.html |access-date=2019-11-15 |website=cfc-swc.gc.ca}}</ref> Matsayin Mata ya jagoranci yunƙuri da yawa tun lokacin da aka haife shi, yawancinsu har yanzu suna nan. Wasu muhimman tsare-tsare sun haɗa da shirin Nazarin Tushen Jinsi Plus (GBA+) da ''Lokaci Yayi: Dabarun Kanada don Hana da Magance Rikicin Tushen Jinsi .'' Hukumar ta kuma jagoranci bikin a shekarar 2016 na cika shekaru 100 da samun 'yancin kada kuri'a na mata a kasar Canada. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Status of Women Canada |title=100th Anniversary of Women's Right to Vote in Canada |url=https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/commemoration/cent/index-en.html |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=cfc-swc.gc.ca |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128184144/https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/commemoration/cent/index-en.html |archive-date=2019-11-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Matsayin Mata Kanada''' ya jagoranci abubuwan da suka faru kamar watan Tarihin Mata, Ranar Yarinya ta Duniya, da Oktoba 18, ranar da aka amince da Mata a matsayin masu shari'a, wanda ake kira Ranar Mutane . A lokacin firaministan kasar [[Stephen Harper]], hukumar ta samu raguwar kasafin kudi da yawansu ya kai dala miliyan 5, da kuma wasu muhimman gyare-gyare da suka hada da sauye-sauyen da kungiyoyin suka cancanci samun kudaden hukumar da kuma umarnin rufe ofisoshinta 12 daga cikin 15 a fadin kasar ta Canada. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Knight |first=Melanie |last2=Rodgers |first2=Kathleen |date=December 2012 |title="The Government Is Operationalizing Neo-liberalism": Women's Organizations, Status of Women Canada, and the Struggle for Progressive Social Change in Canada |journal=NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=266–282 |doi=10.1080/08038740.2012.747786 |issn=0803-8740 |s2cid=145116047}}</ref> Harkokin mata da batutuwan da suka shafi daidaito sun zama cibiyar kulawa a [[2015 Canadian federal election|za ~ en tarayya na 2015]], tare da dandalin [[Liberal Party of Canada|jam'iyyar Liberal]] ya yi alkawarin mayar da hankali kan batutuwan jinsi da mata, an ba da fifiko na musamman ga wa'adin majalisar ministocin da ta dace. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New plan for a strong middle class |url=https://www.liberal.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/New-plan-for-a-strong-middle-class.pdf |website=Liberal Party of Canada |access-date=2025-08-11 |archive-date=2020-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731234331/https://www.liberal.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/New-plan-for-a-strong-middle-class.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tare da [[Feminism|mace]] ta zama fifiko na gwamnatin Liberal, Matsayin Matan Kanada an ba da dala miliyan 41 a cikin shekaru shida don ƙara ƙarfin su. <ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=The Canadian Press |last2=October 27th 2017 |first2=Politics |date=October 27, 2017 |title=Status of Women Canada gets $41 million to help with bigger workload |url=https://www.nationalobserver.com/2017/10/27/news/status-women-canada-gets-41-million-help-bigger-workload |website=National Observer}}</ref> A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan, [[Statistics Canada|Ƙididdiga Kanada]] za ta sami dala miliyan 6.7 a cikin shekaru biyar don ƙirƙirar sabuwar Cibiyar Nazarin Jima'i, Diversity da Inclusion Statistics. == Ƙoƙarin bayar da kuɗi == === Sanarwa na kudade === Ma'aikatar Mata da Daidaiton Jinsi tana ba da kuɗi ga ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke ƙarfafa 'yancin mata a Kanada. Sashen yana ba da kudade ta hanyar Shirin Mata wanda bangarori uku na fifiko suka kasance "wajen kawo karshen cin zarafin mata da 'yan mata, inganta tsaro da wadata ga mata da 'yan mata na tattalin arziki da wadata, da karfafa mata da 'yan mata a cikin jagoranci da yanke shawara." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Status of Women Canada |title=Women's Program - Status of Women Canada |url=https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/fun-fin/wcf-fcf/index-en.html |access-date=2021-02-26 |website=cfc-swc.gc.ca}}</ref> Ana iya amfani da kuɗin kuɗi ta wannan shirin idan ƙungiya ta dace don taimakawa ko taimakawa ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin abubuwan fifiko uku. A cikin 2018 ne aka sanar da kiran sabbin aikace-aikacen neman tallafi, kuma makasudin wannan takamaiman zagaye na aikace-aikacen shine don ba da tallafi ga ƙungiyoyin da ke ci gaba da haɓaka daidaiton jinsi a Kanada da ma duniya baki ɗaya. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Women and Gender Equality |date=2019-03-08 |title=Department for Women and Gender Equality – Women's Program |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/news/2019/03/department-for-women-and-gender-equality--womens-program.html |access-date=2021-02-26 |website=gcnws |archive-date=2022-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317163309/https://www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/news/2019/03/department-for-women-and-gender-equality--womens-program.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Musamman ma, an sanar da wannan tallafin don taimaka wa waɗannan ƙungiyoyi don biyan ƙarin buƙatun ayyukansu saboda haɓakar daidaito mai ƙarfi. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa za a ba da dala miliyan 100 ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban waɗanda ke ƙarfafa mata da 'yan mata a duk faɗin Kanada. <ref name=":12" /> === Ƙungiyoyi === Ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi huɗun da gwamnati ta ba da tallafi shine Barbra Schlifer Commemorative Clinic. Bisa ga gidan yanar gizon su Barbra Schlifer Clinic na da nufin taimakawa mata da yawa a duk tsawon shekara ta hanyar ba da shawarwari, shawarwarin shari'a, da wakilci. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.schliferclinic.com/about-us/ |access-date=2021-02-26 |website=Barbra Schlifer Commemorative Clinic |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722143700/https://www.schliferclinic.com/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, manufar su ita ce samar da waɗannan ayyuka ta yadda matan da ke kusa da su za su iya rayuwa ba tare da tashin hankali ba. <ref name=":2" /> Bugu da ƙari, Gwamnatin Kanada ta ba da $ 1,000,000 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Secretariat |first=Treasury Board of Canada |title=Search Grants and Contributions |url=https://search.open.canada.ca/en/gc/?sort=score%20desc&page=1&search_text=Barbra%20Schlifer%20Commemorative%20Clinic&gc-search-orgs=Department%20for%20Women%20and%20Gender%20Equality&gc-search-year=2019 |access-date=2021-02-26 |website=search.open.canada.ca |archive-date=2022-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123222727/https://search.open.canada.ca/grants/?sort=score%20desc&page=1&search_text=Barbra%20Schlifer%20Commemorative%20Clinic&gc-search-orgs=Department%20for%20Women%20and%20Gender%20Equality&gc-search-year=2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ga wannan ƙungiyar don su sami damar kula da ayyukansu ga mabukata kuma kudaden za su taimaka wa kungiyar ta kai ga karin mata da ke cikin keɓe ko kuma cikin haɗari. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Women and Gender Equality |date=2019-03-08 |title=Department for Women and Gender Equality – Women's Program |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/news/2019/03/department-for-women-and-gender-equality--womens-program.html |access-date=2021-02-26 |website=gcnws |archive-date=2022-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317163309/https://www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/news/2019/03/department-for-women-and-gender-equality--womens-program.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> An ba wa wannan ƙungiya kuɗi ta hanyar Shirin Mata. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tofpixys5v4f3znr7qy41vheo59937g 0 112940 967885 898483 2026-10-15T16:37:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Burning_hydrate_inlay_US_Office_Naval_Research.jpg|right|frame|"Ƙanƙara mai ƙonewa". Methane, wanda aka saki ta hanyar dumama, yana ƙonewa; ruwa yana drip. Inset: tsarin clathrate (Jami'ar Göttingen, GZG. Abt. Kristallographie). Tushen: Nazarin Yanayi na Amurka.<br /><br />]] '''[[methane]] clathrate''' (CH₄.75H₂) ko (₄), wanda kuma ake kira '''methane hydrate''', '''hydromethane''', methane ice, wuta ice, natural '''gas hydrate''', ko gas hydrate ne mai ƙarfi clathrate fili (musamman, clathrate hydrate) wanda babban adadin methane ya makale a cikin wani crystal tsarin ruwa, samar da wani m [[Ƙanƙara (tsananin sanyi)|kankara]] kamar.[₂]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sánchez |first=M. |last2=Santamarina |first2=C. |last3=Teymouri |first3=M. |last4=Gai |first4=X. |year=2018 |title=Coupled Numerical Modeling of Gas Hydrate-BearingSediments: From Laboratory to Field-Scale Analyses |url=https://repository.kaust.edu.sa/bitstream/10754/630330/1/S-nchez_et_al-2018-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Solid_Earth.pdf |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |volume=123 |issue=12 |pages=10,326-10,348 |bibcode=2018JGRB..12310326S |doi=10.1029/2018JB015966 |s2cid=134394736 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Teymouri |first=M. |last2=Sánchez |first2=M. |last3=Santamarina |first3=C. |year=2020 |title=A pseudo-kinetic model to simulate phase changes in gas hydrate bearing sediments |journal=Marine and Petroleum Geology |volume=120 |bibcode=2020MarPG.12004519T |doi=10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104519 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chong |first=Z. R. |last2=Yang |first2=S. H. B. |last3=Babu |first3=P. |last4=Linga |first4=P. |last5=Li |first5=X.-S. |date=2016 |title=Review of natural gas hydrates as an energy resource: Prospects and challenges |journal=Applied Energy |volume=162 |pages=1633–1652 |bibcode=2016ApEn..162.1633C |doi=10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.061}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hassanpouryouzband |first=Aliakbar |last2=Joonaki |first2=Edris |last3=Vasheghani Farahani |first3=Mehrdad |last4=Takeya |first4=Satoshi |last5=Ruppel |first5=Carolyn |last6=Yang |first6=Jinhai |last7=J. English |first7=Niall |last8=M. Schicks |first8=Judith |last9=Edlmann |first9=Katriona |last10=Mehrabian |first10=Hadi |last11=M. Aman |first11=Zachary |last12=Tohidi |first12=Bahman |year=2020 |title=Gas hydrates in sustainable chemistry |journal=Chemical Society Reviews |volume=49 |issue=15 |pages=5225–5309 |bibcode=2020CSRev..49.5225H |doi=10.1039/C8CS00989A |pmid=32567615 |s2cid=219971360 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Asalin da ake zaton yana faruwa ne kawai a yankunan waje na [[Tsarin hasken rana]], inda yanayin zafi yake ƙasa kuma ruwan kankara ya zama ruwan dare, an sami manyan ajiyar methane clathrate a ƙarƙashin turɓaya a kan teku na [[Duniya]] (kimanin 1100 m a ƙasa da matakin teku). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roald Hoffmann |year=2006 |title=Old Gas, New Gas |url=https://www.americanscientist.org/article/old-gas-new-gas |journal=[[American Scientist]] |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=16–18 |doi=10.1511/2006.57.16 |url-access=subscription}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An kafa hydrate na Methane lokacin da ruwa mai haɗin hydrogen da iskar methane suka shiga hulɗa a matsin lamba mai girma da yanayin zafi a cikin teku.{{Spaces}} Methane clathrates sune abubuwan da aka saba da su a cikin zurfin teku kuma suna faruwa a cikin zurfi mai zurfi kuma suna samar da abubuwan da ke cikin teku. Methane hydrates an yi imanin cewa ya samo asali ne ta hanyar hazo ko crystallisation na methane da ke ƙaura daga zurfi tare da kuskuren yanayin ƙasa. Ruwan sama yana faruwa ne lokacin da methane ya haɗu da ruwa a cikin yanayin teku dangane da zafin jiki da matsin lamba. A cikin shekara ta 2008, bincike a kan Tashar Vostok ta [[Antatika|Antarctic]] da EPICA Dome C ice cores sun bayyana cewa methane clathrates suma suna cikin zurfin [[Ƙarƙashin kankara|ƙanƙara]] na Antarctic kuma suna yin rikodin tarihin tarin methane na yanayi, wanda ya kasance shekaru 800,000 da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lüthi |first=D |last2=Le Floch |first2=M |last3=Bereiter |first3=B |last4=Blunier |first4=T |last5=Barnola |first5=JM |last6=Siegenthaler |first6=U |last7=Raynaud |first7=D |last8=Jouzel |first8=J |last9=Fischer |first9=H |display-authors=8 |year=2008 |title=High resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000–800,000 years before present |url=https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/18281/1/Lth2008a.pdf |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=453 |issue=7193 |pages=379–382 |bibcode=2008Natur.453..379L |doi=10.1038/nature06949 |pmid=18480821 |s2cid=1382081 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Rubuce-rubucen methane na kankara shine tushen farko na bayanai don binciken dumama duniya, tare da iskar oxygen da carbon dioxide. == Tsarin da abun da ke ciki == [[Fayil:Gas_Hydrate_Crystals.jpg|thumb|Hoton microscope]] Abinda ake kira methane clathrate hydrate abun ciki shine (CH₄) ₄ (H₂) _2³, ko 1 mole na methane ga kowane 5.75 moles na ruwa, daidai da 13.4% methane da taro, kodayake ainihin abun da ke ciki ya dogara da yawan kwayoyin methane da suka dace a cikin tsarin cage daban-daban na lattice na ruwa. Yawan da aka lura yana kusa da 0.9 g / cm3, wanda ke nufin cewa methane hydrate zai iyo zuwa saman teku ko tafkin sai dai idan an ɗaure shi a wurin ta hanyar kafa shi a cikin ko kuma an ɗaure ya zuwa turɓaya. Ɗaya daga cikin lita na cikakkiyar methane clathrate mai ƙarfi zai ƙunshi kusan gram 120 na methane (ko kusan lita 169 na iskar methane a 0 °C da 1 atm),[nb 1] ko mita ɗaya na methane clachrate ya saki kusan mita 160 na iskar gas.<ref name="BBCMay17">{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2017 |title=China claims breakthrough in mining 'flammable ice' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-39971667 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Abubuwan da aka adana na halitta == [[Fayil:Gas_hydrates_1996.svg|thumb|Rarrabawar duniya ta tabbatar ko ƙaddara gas mai ɗauke da ruwa, 1996. Tushen: USGS<br />]] [[Fayil:Gashydrat_im_Sediment.JPG|thumb|Gas hydrate-bearing sediment, daga subduction zone off Oregon]] Methane clathrates an ƙuntata su ga ƙananan lithosphere (watau < 2,000 m zurfi). Bugu da ƙari, ana samun yanayin da ya dace ne kawai a cikin duwatsu na nahiyar a yankunan polar inda matsakaicin yanayin zafi ya kasa da 0 ° C; ko kuma a cikin yanayin teku a zurfin ruwa sama da 300 m inda yanayin zafi na ruwa ke kusa da 2 ° C. Bugu da kari, tabkuna masu zurfi na ruwa mai laushi na iya karɓar iskar gas, misali ruwan sha Lake Baikal, Siberia.<ref name="Vanneste 2001">{{Cite journal |last=Vanneste |first=M. |last2=De Batist |first2=M |last3=Golmshtok |first3=A |last4=Kremlev |first4=A |last5=Versteeg |first5=W |display-authors=etal |year=2001 |title=Multi-frequency seismic study of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in Lake Baikal, Siberia |url=https://archive.org/details/marine-geology_2001-01-15_172_1-2/page/1 |journal=Marine Geology |volume=172 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–21 |bibcode=2001MGeol.172....1V |doi=10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00117-1}}</ref> An sami ajiyar nahiyoyi a Siberia da [[Alaska]] a cikin gadajen sandstone da siltstone a ƙasa da zurfin 800 m. Abubuwan ajiyar teku suna da alama sun bazu a cikin shelf na nahiyar (duba Fig.) kuma suna iya faruwa a cikin turɓaya a zurfi ko kusa da ƙirar turɓaya-ruwa. Suna iya rufe ma da mafi girma ajiyar gas methane.<ref name="Kvenvolden 1995">{{Cite journal |last=Kvenvolden |first=K. |year=1995 |title=A review of the geochemistry of methane in natural gas hydrate |url=http://www.che.ncsu.edu/ILEET/CHE596web_Fall2011/resources/natural-gas/Methane%20Hydrate-Geochemistry.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Organic Geochemistry |volume=23 |issue=11–12 |pages=997–1008 |bibcode=1995OrGeo..23..997K |doi=10.1016/0146-6380(96)00002-2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228210733/http://www.che.ncsu.edu/ILEET/CHE596web_Fall2011/resources/natural-gas/Methane%20Hydrate-Geochemistry.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014}}</ref> === Ruwa na teku === Ana zaton clathrates a cikin waɗannan ajiya masu zurfi sun samo asali ne daga methane da aka samar ta hanyar microbial tun lokacin da darajar δ13C na clathrate da kewaye da methane da ya narke suna kama da juna.<ref name="Kvenvolden 1995"/> Koyaya, ana kuma tunanin cewa ruwan sha da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin matsin man fetur da maɓuɓɓugar gas a cikin permafrost kuma tare da ɗakunan nahiyar a duk duniya sun haɗu da methane na halitta don samar da clathrate a zurfi da matsin lamba tunda methane hydrates sun fi kwanciyar hankali a cikin ruwa mai laushi fiye da ruwan gishiri.<ref name="Hassan 12305–12314">{{Cite journal |last=Hassan |first=Hussein |last2=Romanos |first2=Jimmy |date=2023-08-09 |title=Effects of Sea Salts on the Phase Behavior and Synthesis of Methane Hydrates + THF: An Experimental and Theoretical Study |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00351 |journal=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research |language=en |volume=62 |issue=31 |pages=12305–12314 |doi=10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00351 |issn=0888-5885 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bambance-bambance na cikin gida na iya zama yaduwa tun lokacin da aikin samar da hydrate, wanda ke cire ruwa mai tsabta daga ruwan gishiri, sau da yawa yana iya haifar da karuwar gida da yiwuwar karuwar ruwan gishiri. Hydrates yawanci suna cire gishiri a cikin ruwa mai zurfi wanda ya samo asali. Don haka, suna nuna babban resistivity na lantarki kamar kankara, kuma sinadarin da ke dauke da hydrates suna da resistivism mafi girma fiye da sinadarin ba tare da gas hydrates ba (Alƙali ). Wadannan ajiya suna cikin tsakiyar zurfin yanki a kusa da 300-500 m kauri a cikin turɓaya (yankin gas hydrate, ko GHSZ) inda suke tare da methane da aka narke a cikin sabo, ba gishiri ba, ruwa mai zurfi. Sama da wannan yanki methane yana nan ne kawai a cikin narkewar ta a cikin maida hankali wanda ke raguwa zuwa saman laka. A ƙasa da shi, methane yana da iskar gas. A [[Blake Ridge]] a kan tasowa na nahiyar Atlantic, GHSZ ya fara ne a zurfin 190 m kuma ya ci gaba zuwa 450 m, inda ya kai [[Phase equilibrium|daidaituwa]] tare da yanayin gas. Matakan sun nuna cewa methane ya mamaye 0-9% ta hanyar girma a cikin GHSZ, da kuma ~12% a cikin yankin gas.<ref name="Dickens 19972">{{Cite journal |last=Dickens |first=GR |last2=Paull CK |last3=Wallace P |year=1997 |title=Direct measurement of in situ methane quantities in a large gas-hydrate reservoir |url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62828/1/385426a0.pdf |journal=Nature |volume=385 |issue=6615 |pages=426–428 |bibcode=1997Natur.385..426D |doi=10.1038/385426a0 |s2cid=4237868 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="sautter20122">{{Cite web |last=Leslie R. Sautter |title=A Profile of the Southeast U.S. Continental Margin |url=http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/04etta/background/profile/profile.html |access-date=3 January 2015 |website=NOAA Ocean Explorer |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] iuc4igyzioozao732n8ahsjsk4sf07n 0 113176 968077 900408 2026-10-16T07:19:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paola Andrea Arias Gómez''' masanin kimiyyar yanayi ne kuma farfesa a Makarantar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Antioquia (Colombia). Binciken ta ya haɗa da fannoni daban-daban na canjin yanayi da ƙirar yanayin ruwa a Colombia da Kudancin Amurka. Arias ita ce mace ta farko ta Colombia da aka zaba a matsayin marubuciya don rahoton IPCC, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profesora de la Facultad de Ingeniería, primera mujer colombiana que participará en el informe de la ONU sobre cambio climático |url=https://www.udea.edu.co/wps/portal/udea/web/generales/interna/!ut/p/z0/fZBPT8MwDMW_Cjv0GCV0aIxjVSGkaachoS0XZNx0eCRxlz-Ij49XqQcunJ6t93u2ZW31UdsI33SGQhzBS3-ym_ftU9_edw9m_3LY9abb9N3z4-vbvt22eqft_4BMoMv1ajttkWNxP0UfJ04FfB0cNAby3-6Tg1tqirlQqTjf0pgaaYDBZQUoEggh36gRsPpyMxpD8ewiubTC9QqGeci8VZI8w56yoNyYKfHoMidQS14tYQI1JQpOvFAvLilkz-GDIIoBqRCSCAg_cgpOcawKQQC-Q09Bfoespy97-gVkTjUK/ |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=Universidad de Antioquia |language=es}}</ref> tana shiga a matsayin jagorar marubuciya don Kungiyar I ta Rahoton Bincike na shida na IPCC.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Universidad Nacional de Colombia : Boletín Bitácora - Sede Medellín - La única mujer colombiana del IPCC es egresada de la Sede |url=https://unimedios.medellin.unal.edu.co/bitacora/conexion/776-la-unica-mujer-colombiana-del-ipcc-es-egresada-de-la-sede.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=unimedios.medellin.unal.edu.co |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516181048/https://unimedios.medellin.unal.edu.co/bitacora/conexion/776-la-unica-mujer-colombiana-del-ipcc-es-egresada-de-la-sede.html |archive-date=2023-05-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=IPCC Authors (beta) |url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/report/authors/authors.php?q=35&p=11&p |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=archive.ipcc.ch |archive-date=2021-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719111648/https://archive.ipcc.ch/report/authors/authors.php?q=35&p=11&p |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Arias tana da BS a cikin aikin injiniya da MSc a cikin [[Ma'adanai na ruwa|albarkatun ruwa]] daga [[National University of Colombia|Jami'ar Kasa ta Colombia]] . <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Universidad Nacional de Colombia : Boletín Bitácora - Sede Medellín - La única mujer colombiana del IPCC es egresada de la Sede |url=https://unimedios.medellin.unal.edu.co/bitacora/conexion/776-la-unica-mujer-colombiana-del-ipcc-es-egresada-de-la-sede.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=unimedios.medellin.unal.edu.co |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516181048/https://unimedios.medellin.unal.edu.co/bitacora/conexion/776-la-unica-mujer-colombiana-del-ipcc-es-egresada-de-la-sede.html |archive-date=2023-05-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008 ta ci gaba da samun MSc na biyu a [[Ilmin duwatsu|kimiyyar ƙasa]] da yanayi daga [[Georgia Tech|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Georgia]], tare da rubutun da ake kira "Changes in cloudiness over tropical land during the last decennies and its link to global climate change".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thesis - Changes in cloudiness over tropical land during the last decades and its link to global climate change |url=https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/26629/Arias_P_A_200812_mast.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=SMARTech - Georgia Tech |archive-date=10 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810192912/https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/26629/Arias_P_A_200812_mast.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2011, Arias ya sami digirin digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar ƙasa daga [[University of Texas at Austin|Jami'ar Texas]] a karkashin jagorancin [[Rong Fu]], tare da rubutun da ake kira "Canjin yanayi a kan yankunan Amurka da Amazonian a cikin shekarun da suka gabata".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thesis - Climate variability over the American monsoon and Amazonian regions during the last decades |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-3791/ARIAS-GOMEZ-DISSERTATION.pdf |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=University of Texas Library Repositories}}</ref> Ta shiga sashen geophysics a [[University of Chile|Jami'ar Chile]] a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral don Cibiyar Kwarewa don Bincike kan Yanayi da Resilience, inda Arias ta ci gaba da aikinta a kan tsarin ruwan sama na Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guest panel of experts |url=https://escuela-ids.itm.edu.co/en/air-quality/pages/guest-panel-experts.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=escuela-ids.itm.edu.co |archive-date=2021-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810184739/https://escuela-ids.itm.edu.co/en/air-quality/pages/guest-panel-experts.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Arias is a professor at the University of Antioquia and leads the university's Environmental School, where she is also associated to the Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miembros del Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería y Gestión Ambiental (GIGA) |url=https://www.udea.edu.co/wps/portal/udea/web/inicio/investigacion/grupos-investigacion/ingenieria-tecnologia/giga/integrantes |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=Universidad de Antioquia |language=es |archive-date=10 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810201451/https://www.udea.edu.co/wps/portal/udea/web/inicio/investigacion/grupos-investigacion/ingenieria-tecnologia/giga/integrantes |url-status=dead }}</ref> She participated in the TED independent event "TEDxBogotaMujeres",<ref>{{Cite web |title=TEDxBogotaMujeres {{!}} TED |url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/41344 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=www.ted.com}}</ref> where she talked about the climate crisis. === Kasancewa memba === * Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta I ta IPCC, <ref name=":0"/> inda ta ba da gudummawa ga babi kan canje-canjen sake zagayowar ruwa na Rahoton Bincike na shida na IPCC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citation - Working Group I Sixth Assessment Report |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Citation.pdf |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=IPCC}}</ref> * [[Kasuwancin Makamashi da Ruwa na Duniya|GEWEX]] Hydroclimatology Panel (GHP), ƙungiyar da ke aiki don fahimtar bangarorin jiki, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na bambancin yanayin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-13 |title=GHP Panel Members {{!}} GEWEX |url=https://www.gewex.org/panels/gewex-hydroclimatology-panel/ghp-panel/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=GEWEX {{!}} |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-20 |title=GEWEX Hydroclimatology Panel {{!}} GEWEX |url=https://www.gewex.org/panels/gewex-hydroclimatology-panel/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=GEWEX {{!}} |language=en}}</ref> * Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya (WCRP), musamman ƙungiyar "WCRP Lighthouse Activity: My Climate Risk", wanda ke mai da hankali kan kimanta bayanan canjin yanayi da ingantaccen isar da shi a cikin gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=WCRP Lighthouse Activity: My Climate Risk - Science Plan Development Team |url=https://www.wcrp-climate.org/lighthouse-activities/spdt/WCRP%20LHA%20My%20Climate%20Risk%20-%20Science%20Plan%20Development%20Team%20-%20Members.pdf |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=WCRP Climate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WCRP Lighthouse Activities |url=https://www.wcrp-climate.org/lha-overview |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=www.wcrp-climate.org}}</ref> * Shirin Hidrológico Intergubernamental - Grupo de trabajo del PHI-LAC sobre la hidrogeomorfología de la cuenca Andino - Amazónica (Intergovernmental Hydrological Program - PHI- LAC aiki group on the hydrogeomorphology of the Andean-Amazon basin), wanda ke da niyyar bincika bala'o'i da suka shafi ruwa da canje-canjen ruwa, don tallafawa al'ummomi a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Programas y Grupos de Trabajo del PHI Hidrogeomorfología de la Cuenca Andino-Amazónica (HIDRICAA) |url=https://es.unesco.org/sites/default/files/phi-lac_2021_rpxiv_8.3_hidricaa.pdf |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=UNESCO |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-02 |title=HIDRICAA |url=https://es.unesco.org/fieldoffice/montevideo/SeguridadHidricaALC/TemasFaseVIII/HIDRICAALAC |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == === Jaridu === * Rong Fu, Lei Yin, Wenhong Li, '''Paola A. Arias''', Robert E. Dickinson, Lei Huang, Sudip Chakraborty, Katia Fernandes, Brant Liebmann, Rosie Fisher, Ranga B. Myneni. 2013. Ƙara tsawon lokacin bushewa a kudancin Amazon a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata da kuma tasirinsa ga tsinkayen yanayi na gaba ''Ayyukan Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa''; 2013: 110 (45): 18110-18115. [[doi:10.1073/pnas.1302584110|[Hotuna a shafi na 103]]] * Germán Poveda, Oscar J. Mesa, Luis F. Salazar, '''Paola A. Arias''', Hernán A. Moreno, Sara C. Vieira, Paula A. Agudelo, Vladimir G. Toro, J. Felipe Alvarez. 2005. Tsarin ruwan sama na rana a cikin Andes na wurare masu zafi na Colombia. ''Binciken Yanayi na Watanni''; 133 (1), 228-240. [[doi:10.1175/MWR-2853.1|[Hotuna a shafi na 10]]] * Germán Poveda, Jaime I. Vélez, Oscar J. Mesa, Adriana Cuartas, Janet Barco, Ricardo I. Mantilla, John F. Mejía, Carlos D. Hoyos, Jorge M. Ramírez, Lina I. Ceballos, Manuel D. Zuluaga, '''Paola A. Arias''', Blanca A Botero, María I Montoya, Juan D. Giraldo, Diana I Quevedo. 2007. Haɗakar da ma'aunin ruwa na dogon lokaci da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don kimanta kwararar kogi tare da hanyar ruwa ta Colombia. Jaridar Injiniyan Ruwa; 12 (1): 4-13. [[doi:10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2007)12:1(4)|doi:10.1061/ (asce) 1084-0699 (2007) 12:1 (4)]] * [Hasiya] An yi amfani da su a lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin da za a yi amfani da ita a lokacin da ake amfani da ita. 2015. Tushen danshi zuwa lokacin rigar 2010-2012 a arewacin Kudancin Amurka. ''Yanayin yanayi;'' 45: 2861-2884. [[doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2511-7|[Hotuna a shafi na 107]]] === Rahotanni === * Douville, H., K. Raghavan, J. Renwick, R. P. Allan, '''P. A. Arias''', M. Barlow, R. Cerezo-Mota, A. Cherchi, T. Y. Gan, J. Gergis, D. Jiang, A. Khan, W. Pokam Mba, D. Rosenfeld, J. Tierney, O. Zolina. 2021. Canjin Tsarin Ruwa. A cikin: Canjin Yanayi 2021: Tushen Kimiyya na Jiki . Gudummawar Kungiyar Aiki ta I ga Rahoton Bincike na shida na Kwamitin Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J. Belek, Matthews, T. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Z. Jami'ar Cambridge Press. * A cikin littafin nan, an yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai suna "watsauran ra'ayi". An yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai suna "Sillmann", "Sillman", "Shilmmann", "A. Storelvmo", "A". W. Thorne, B. Trewin, "A. Achuta Rao", "A" Adhikary, R. P. Allan, "A". Armour, G. Bala, R. G. Barimalala, S. Berger, J. G. Canadell, C. Cherchi, Y. H. H. Hew, Y. Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. [Hasiya] An yi amfani da kalmar nan "Ragaye ta gaba da kuma" a wannan talifin. Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. 2021. Bayani na Fasaha. A cikin: Canjin Yanayi 2021: Tushen Kimiyya na Jiki . Gudummawar Kungiyar Aiki ta I ga Rahoton Bincike na shida na Kwamitin Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J. Belek, Matthews, T. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Z. Jami'ar Cambridge Press == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kjij3qjcmrnvsxxavoa1gpha30ij0n6 0 113660 968034 798864 2026-10-15T23:54:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Narges Mohammadi''' (Persian; an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1972) ɗan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam ne na Iran. Ita ce mataimakiyar shugaban Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam (DHRC), karkashin jagorancin abokin aikinta na Nobel Peace Prize, [[Shirin Ebadi]] . <ref name="G">{{Cite web |last=Kamali Dehghan |first=Saeed |author-link=Saeed Kamali Dehghan |date=26 April 2012 |title=Iranian human rights activist Narges Mohammadi arrested |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2012/apr/26/iran-activist-narges-mohammadi-jailed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615233544/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/iran-blog/2012/apr/26/iran-activist-narges-mohammadi-jailed |archive-date=15 June 2012 |access-date=31 October 2012 |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKamali_Dehghan2012">[[Saeed Kamali Dehghan|Kamali Dehghan, Saeed]] (26 April 2012). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2012/apr/26/iran-activist-narges-mohammadi-jailed "Iranian human rights activist Narges Mohammadi arrested"]. ''The Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120615233544/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/iran-blog/2012/apr/26/iran-activist-narges-mohammadi-jailed Archived] from the original on 15 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Mohammadi ta kasance mai ba da shawara game da rashin biyayya ga mata masu yawa game da hijabi a Iran kuma mai sukar hijabi da shirin tsabtar tsarki na 2023 .<ref>{{Cite web |title=نرگس محمدی: قدرت امتناع زنان، قدرت استبداد را درهم شکسته است |trans-title=Narges Mohammadi: The power of women's refusal has crushed the power of tyranny |url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA/a-66319896 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007033701/https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA/a-66319896 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=fa-ir}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2023 |title=نرگس محمدی: زنان و مبارزه با حجاب اجباری، راهبرد پایان دادن به جمهوری اسلامی هستند |trans-title=Narges Mohammadi asked the people who believe in hijab to "separate their line from the line of religious oppressors" |url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/cw08l0ey1rro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514112408/https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/cw08l0ey1rro |archive-date=14 May 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=BBC Persian |language=fa-ir}}</ref> A watan Mayu 2016, an yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 16 a [[Tehran]] saboda "kafa da gudanar da ƙungiyar rarraba ba bisa ka'ida ba Legam". An sake ta a shekarar 2020 amma an mayar da ita kurkuku a shekarar 2021, inda tun daga lokacin ta ba da rahotanni game da cin zarafi da tsare mata da aka tsare.<ref name="U">{{Cite web |last=Kamali Dehghan |first=Saeed |author-link= |date=24 May 2016 |title=UN condemns 16-year jail sentence for Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/may/24/narges-mohammadi-iranian-activist-un-condemns-10-year-jail-sentence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918083405/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/may/24/narges-mohammadi-iranian-activist-un-condemns-10-year-jail-sentence |archive-date=18 September 2019 |access-date=11 January 2019 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Narges Mohammadi ya rubuta wa mujallar, saƙon syndicate", editan Robert Bruchim a Tehran. A cikin Oktoba 2023, yayin da take kurkuku, an ba ta lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel ta 2023 "saboda yakin da ta yi da zaluncin mata a Iran da kuma yakin da ta yi na inganta 'yancin ɗan adam da 'yanci ga kowa". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-11 |title=NOBEL PEACE PRIZE RECEIVED BY CHILDREN OF IMPRISONED NARGES MOHAMMADI |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/world-news/nobel-peace-prize-received-by-children-of-imprisoned-narges-mohammadi |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Iran ta yi Allah wadai da shawarar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2023 |title=Iran's jailed rights advocate Narges Mohammadi wins 2023 Nobel Peace Prize |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/6/irans-narges-mohammadi-wins-2023-nobel-peace-prize |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010151123/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/6/irans-narges-mohammadi-wins-2023-nobel-peace-prize |archive-date=10 October 2023 |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-06 |title=Nå blir det klart hvem som får Nobels fredspris 2023 |trans-title=Now it becomes clear who will receive the Nobel Peace Prize 2023 |url=https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/4oe5MR/narges-mohammadi-faar-nobels-fredspris-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006092625/https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/4oe5MR/narges-mohammadi-faar-nobels-fredspris-2023 |archive-date=6 October 2023 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=www.aftenposten.no |language=nb}}</ref> An bayar da rahoton a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 2024 cewa Mohammadi ta yi wani hadadden tiyata a Iran wanda aka cire wani bangare na kashi a kafarta ta dama saboda fargabar ciwon daji amma nan da nan aka mayar da ita gidan yari, lamarin da ya kara hadarin ga rayuwarta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Concerns grow for imprisoned Nobel Peace Prize laureate Narges Mohammadi's health in Iran |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/concerns-grow-imprisoned-nobel-peace-prize-laureate-narges-115997541 |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == An haifi Mohammadi a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1972 <ref name="PBS">{{Cite web |last=Muhammad Sahimi |date=10 May 2012 |title=Nationalist, Religious, and Resolute: Narges Mohammadi |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2012/05/profile-nationalist-religious-and-steadfast-narges-mohammadi.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629071816/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2012/05/profile-nationalist-religious-and-steadfast-narges-mohammadi.html |archive-date=29 June 2012 |access-date=31 October 2012 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> a Zanjan, Iran ga dangin Azerbaijan na Iran kuma ya girma a [[Karaj]] da biranen [[Kurdawa]] na Qorveh da Oshnaviyeh. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Peace Prize goes to jailed Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi |url=https://anfenglishmobile.com/women/nobel-peace-prize-goes-to-jailed-iranian-activist-narges-mohammadi-69676 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215042057/https://anfenglishmobile.com/women/nobel-peace-prize-goes-to-jailed-iranian-activist-narges-mohammadi-69676 |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=16 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2023 |title=Iranian human rights activist Narges Mohammadi gets Nobel Peace Prize |url=https://english.sawtbeirut.com/world/iranian-human-rights-activist-narges-mohammadi-gets-nobel-peace-prize/ |access-date=6 October 2023 |website=sawtbeirut.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007061626/https://english.sawtbeirut.com/world/iranian-human-rights-activist-narges-mohammadi-gets-nobel-peace-prize/ |archive-date=7 October 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta halarci Jami'ar Qazvin International, ta sami digiri a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, kuma ta zama ƙwararren injiniya. A lokacin aikinta na jami'a, ta rubuta labaran da ke tallafawa [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|'Yancin mata]] a cikin jaridar dalibai kuma an kama ta a tarurruka biyu na ƙungiyar ɗaliban siyasa {{Transl|fa|Tashakkol Daaneshjuyi Roshangaraan}} ("Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Haskakawa"). <ref name="PBS" /><ref name="ALF"/> Ta kuma kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar hawan dutse amma daga baya aka dakatar da ita daga shiga hawan dutsen saboda ayyukanta na siyasa.<ref name="PBS" /> Mohammadi ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin dan jarida a jaridu da dama na kawo sauyi, ya kuma buga wani littafi na kasidun siyasa mai suna The Reforms, Strategy and the Tictics . <ref name="ALF"/> A shekara ta 2003, ta shiga Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam (DHRC), karkashin jagorancin [[Shirin Ebadi]]; daga baya ta zama mataimakin shugaban kungiyar. <ref name="PBS"/><ref name="G"/> A shekara ta 1999, ta auri ɗan jarida mai goyon bayan sake fasalin Taghi Rahmani, wanda ba da daɗewa ba aka kama shi a karon farko.<ref name="PBS"/><ref name="ALF">{{Cite web |date=18 June 2009 |title=Narges Mohammadi, from Iran, {{sic|recep|ient|nolink=y}} of the international Alexander Langer award 2009 |url=http://www.alexanderlanger.org/en/604/2538 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615233544/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/iran-blog/2012/apr/26/iran-activist-narges-mohammadi-jailed |archive-date=15 June 2012 |access-date=31 October 2012 |publisher=Alexander Langer Foundation}}</ref> A shekara ta 2003, ta shiga cibiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam (DHRC), wacce ta sami lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel Shirin Ebadi;.<ref name="G"/> . <ref name="PBS" /> <ref name="G" /> Kamar yadda sauran masu tunani ke binciko ra'ayin Neo-Shariatism a cikin 1990s, sun ci gaba da ra'ayi na mulki wanda "ya yi watsi da manufar daular Musulunci kuma suka ba da shawarar (maimakon) mai zaman kanta, ko urfi, dimokuradiyya". == Kurkuku == An fara kama Mohammadi ne a shekarar 1998 saboda sukar da ta yi wa gwamnatin Iran kuma ta kwashe shekara guda a kurkuku.<ref name="ALF"/> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2010, an kira ta zuwa Kotun Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci don zama memba a DHRC . An sake ta a takaice a kan beli na US $ 50,000 amma an sake kama ta bayan kwanaki da yawa kuma an tsare ta a gidan yarin Evin.<ref name="PBS"/><ref name="G2" /> Lafiyar Mohammadi ta ragu yayin da take cikin tsare, kuma ta kamu da cuta mai kama da [[Farfaɗiya|farfajiya]], wanda ya sa ta rasa ikon sarrafa tsoka lokaci-lokaci. Bayan wata daya, an sake ta kuma an ba ta damar neman magani.<ref name="G2">{{Cite web |last=Saeed Kamali Dehghan |date=28 September 2011 |title=Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi jailed for 11 years |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/28/iranian-activist-narges-mohammadi-jailed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808070324/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/sep/28/iranian-activist-narges-mohammadi-jailed |archive-date=8 August 2012 |access-date=31 October 2012 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2011, an sake gurfanar da Mohammadi <ref name="PBS"/> kuma an same ta da laifin "yi aiki a kan tsaron kasa, kasancewa memba na DHRC da farfaganda a kan gwamnatin. " <ref name="G2"/> A watan Satumba, an yanke mata hukuncin shekaru 11 a kurkuku. Mohammadi ta bayyana cewa ta koyi game da hukuncin ne kawai ta hanyar lauyoyinta kuma an "ba ta hukunci mai shafi 23 da ba a taɓa gani ba wanda kotun ta bayar inda suka kwatanta ayyukan kare hakkin dan adam da ƙoƙarin hambarar da mulkin. " A watan Maris na shekara ta 2012, kotun daukaka kara ta tabbatar da hukuncin, kodayake an rage shi zuwa shekaru shida. <ref name="G2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Saeed Kamali Dehghan |date=7 March 2012 |title=Iran steps up crackdown on journalists and activists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2012/mar/07/iran-arrests-journalists-activists |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723132537/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/iran-blog/2012/mar/07/iran-arrests-journalists-activists |archive-date=23 July 2012 |access-date=31 October 2012 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, an kama ta don fara hukuncin ta.<ref name="G"/> Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Burtaniya ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin, wanda ta kira shi "wani misali mai ban tausayi na kokarin da hukumomin Iran ke yi na rufe bakin masu jaruntaka masu kare hakkin bil'adama". <ref name="G2"/> [[Amnesty International]] ta sanya ta a matsayin fursuna na lamiri kuma ta yi kira da a sake ta nan da nan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2012 |title=Urgent Action: human rights Defender imprisoned |url=https://www.amnesty.org/fr/documents/mde13/026/2012/fr/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126000606/https://www.amnesty.org/fr/documents/MDE13/026/2012/fr/ |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date=3 May 2012 |publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da koke a madadin Mohammadi a bikin cika shekaru tara da rasuwar mai daukar hoto Zahra Kazemi a gidan yarin Evin, inda ta bayyana cewa Mohammadi fursuna ne wanda rayuwarsa ke da hadari musamman. A cikin Yuli 2012, ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta yi kira da a sake ta, ciki har da Sanatan Amurka Mark Kirk, tsohon Atoni-Janar na Kanada Irwin Cotler, dan majalisar dokokin Burtaniya Denis MacShane, dan majalisar Australia Michael Danby, dan majalisar Italiya Fiamma Nirenstein, da kuma dan majalisar Lithuania Emanuelis Zingeris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Lives of several imprisoned journalists and netizens in danger |url=http://en.rsf.org/iran-lives-of-several-imprisoned-10-07-2012,42995.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913053131/http://en.rsf.org/iran-lives-of-several-imprisoned-10-07-2012,42995.html |archive-date=13 September 2012 |access-date=31 October 2012 |publisher=Reporters Without Borders}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2012 |title=International Lawmakers Call on Iran to Release Narges Mohammadi |url=http://www.kirk.senate.gov/?p=press_release&id=550 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017000417/http://www.kirk.senate.gov/?p=press_release&id=550 |archive-date=17 October 2012 |access-date=31 October 2012 |publisher=kirk.senate.gov}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2012, an saki Mohammadi daga kurkuku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: List of human rights defenders behind bars |url=http://www.fidh.org/Iran-List-of-human-rights-12235 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926225356/http://www.fidh.org/Iran-List-of-human-rights-12235 |archive-date=26 September 2013 |access-date=13 June 2017 |website=Worldwide Movement for Human Rights}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2014, Mohammadi ya yi jawabi a makabartar Sattar Beheshti, yana mai cewa, "Yaya 'yan majalisar ke ba da shawarar wani shiri na inganta nagarta da rigakafin mugayen mutane, amma babu wanda ya yi magana shekaru biyu da suka wuce lokacin da wani dan Adam mai suna Sattar Beheshti ya mutu a hannun azabtarwa a hannun mai tambayarsa?" Bidiyon jawabin nata ya yi gaggawar yaduwa a shafukan sada zumunta, lamarin da ya sa kotun Evin ta gayyace ta. {{Blockquote|A cikin sammacin da na samu a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 2014, an bayyana cewa dole ne in mika kaina ga 'dan tuhuma', amma babu wani karin bayani game da wadannan tuhume-tuhumen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran: Judicial Harassment of Human Rights Activist Narges Mohammadi|url=http://www.gc4hr.org/news/view/818|access-date=13 June 2017|website=www.gc4hr.org|date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=2 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702134512/http://www.gc4hr.org/news/view/818|url-status=live}}</ref>|Narges Mohammadi}} A ranar 5 ga Mayu 2015, an sake kama Mohammadi bisa sabbin tuhume-tuhume. Reshe na 15 na Kotun Juyin Juyi ya yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru goma a gidan yari kan tuhumar "kafa haramtacciyar kungiya" dangane da Legam (Kamfen na Mataki na Mataki na Kawar da Hukuncin Kisa), shekaru biyar don "taro da hada baki kan tsaron kasa," shekara don " farfaganda kan tsarin "don ganawarta da kafofin watsa labarai na kasa da kasa na EU da kuma babban taronta na Maris 2014. Manufofin Harkokin Waje da Tsaro, Catherine Ashton. A watan Janairun 2019, Mohammadi ya fara yajin aikin yunwa tare da dan kasar Burtaniya da Iran da aka tsare Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe a gidan yarin Evin don nuna rashin amincewa da hana shi samun kulawa. A watan Yulin 2020, ta nuna alamun kamuwa da cutar [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], wanda ta bayyana cewa ta warke a watan Agusta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2020 |title=Iran frees activist Narges Mohammadi, cuts her sentence |url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-frees-activist-narges-mohammadi-cuts-her-sentence/a-55207239 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528021940/https://www.dw.com/en/iran-frees-activist-narges-mohammadi-cuts-her-sentence/a-55207239 |archive-date=28 May 2021 |access-date=1 May 2021 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2020, an saki Mohammadi daga kurkuku. A watan Maris na 2021, Mohammadi ya rubuta gabatarwar rahoton shekara-shekara na 'Yancin Dan Adam na Iran game da hukuncin kisa a Iran: {{Blockquote|Hukuncin kisa da aka yi wa mutane irin su [Navid Afkari] da [Ruhollah Zam] a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, ya kasance mafi yawan kisa a Iran. Bayar da hukuncin kisa ga Ahmadreza Djalali na daya daga cikin mafi kuskuren hukunce-hukuncen da ya kamata a yi nazari a kan dalilan da suka sa aka yanke wannan hukuncin kisa. An yanke wa wadannan mutane hukuncin kisa ne bayan an tsare su a gidan yari, aka kuma yi musu muguwar azaba ta tunani da tunani, shi ya sa ba na kallon tsarin shari’a da adalci ko adalci; Ina ganin sanya wadanda ake tuhuma a gidan yari, suna tilasta musu yin ikirari na karya da karya wadanda ake amfani da su a matsayin babbar shaida wajen bayar da wadannan hukunce-hukunce. Shi ya sa nake matukar damuwa da kame-kamen da aka yi kwanan nan a Sistan da Baluchistan da Kurdistan, kuma ina fata kungiyoyin da ke yaki da hukuncin kisa za su ba da kulawa ta musamman ga wadanda ake tsare da su, domin ina tsoron kada mu sake fuskantar wani tashin hankali na kisa a shekara mai zuwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Narges Mohammadi: Violence of Death Penalty is Worse Than War|date=March 30, 2021|url=https://iranhr.net/en/articles/4680/|work=Iran Human Rights|access-date=April 10, 2021|archive-date=19 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019084617/https://iranhr.net/en/articles/4680/|url-status=live}}</ref>}} A watan Mayun 2021, reshe na 1188 na Kotun Laifuka ta Biyu a Tehran ta yanke wa Mohammadi hukuncin daurin shekaru biyu da rabi, bulala 80, da tara guda biyu daban-daban kan tuhume-tuhumen da suka hada da " yada farfaganda ga tsarin ". Bayan wata hudu, sai ta samu sammaci ta fara zartar da wannan hukunci, wanda ba ta amsa ba saboda ta dauki hukuncin a matsayin rashin adalci..<ref name="amnesty.org">{{Cite web |date=18 November 2021 |title=Iran: Release arbitrarily detained rights activist at imminent risk of flogging |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/11/iran-release-narges-mohammadi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123085538/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/11/iran-release-narges-mohammadi/ |archive-date=23 November 2021 |access-date=23 November 2021 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 2021, an kama Mohammadi a [[Karaj]], Alborz, yayin da yake halartar wani abin tunawa da {{Interlanguage link|Ebrahim Ketabdar|fa|ابراهیم کتابدار}} , wanda jami'an tsaro na Iran suka kashe a lokacin zanga-zangar kasa a watan Nuwamba 2019. Amnesty International da Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Duniya sun hukunta ta a matsayin ta [[Kamu da tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba|son rai]].<ref name="amnesty.org"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2021 |title=IRAN: Narges Mohammadi back in prison to serve her 30 months prison sentence |url=https://www.fidh.org/en/region/asia/iran/iran-narges-mohammadi-back-in-prison-to-serve-her-30-months-prison |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605111330/https://www.fidh.org/en/region/asia/iran/iran-narges-mohammadi-back-in-prison-to-serve-her-30-months-prison |archive-date=5 June 2023 |access-date=6 October 2023 |website=International Federation for Human Rights |language=en}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022, a lokacin [[Satumba shekara ta 2022 'Yan ƙasar Iran sukayi zanga- zanga|zanga-zangar Mahsa Amini]], BBC ta wallafa wani rahoto daga Mohammadi wanda ya ba da cikakken bayani game da cin zarafin mata da aka tsare. A watan Janairun 2023, ta ba da rahoto daga kurkuku wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da yanayin mata a gidan yarin Evin, gami da jerin fursunoni 58 da tsarin tambayoyi da azabtarwa da suka wuce. 57 daga cikin wadannan mata sun kwashe kwanaki 8350 gabaɗaya a ƙarƙashin ɗaurin kaɗaici. 56 daga cikin wadannan mata an yanke musu hukuncin watanni 3300 gabaɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Narges Mohammadi |url=https://iran-protests.com/narges-mohammadi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006152228/https://iran-protests.com/narges-mohammadi/ |archive-date=6 October 2023 |access-date=6 October 2023 |publisher=IRAN-PROTESTS.com}}</ref>   Mohammadi ta kasance mai sukar tsare-tsare, tana kiranta "White Torture" a cikin littafinta na 2022 na wannan sunan. An fassara White Torture zuwa Jamusanci a matsayin Frauen! Rayuwa! Sai dai ya yi ''Farin ciki! ''. ("Mata! Rayuwa! 'Yanci!") a cikin 2023. A watan Satumbar 2023, ta goyi bayan Mehdi Yarrahi bayan kama shi saboda waƙar zanga-zangar "Roosarito".<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2023 |title=نرگس محمدی: مهدی یراحی با ترانه‌اش دسیسه وحشت استبداد دینی را بر سر حکومت آوار کرد |trans-title=Narges Mohammadi: Mehdi Yerahi destroyed the conspiracy of the terror of religious tyranny over the government with his song. |url=https://www.iranintl.com/202309012478 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010163110/https://www.iranintl.com/202309012478 |archive-date=10 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=[[Iran International]] |language=fa-ir}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2024, Mohammadi ta sanar da cewa tana fuskantar sabbin tuhume-tuhume kan kasar Iran. A cewar BBC, a watan Disamba an sake ta daga gidan yari na tsawon makonni uku don jinya bayan tiyatar da aka yi mata wata guda kafin daga bisani ta samu ciwon daji da zai iya haifar da ciwon daji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2024 |title=Narges Mohammadi: Iran temporarily releases Nobel Peace Prize winner |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c75w695k932o |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2025, ta sanar da cewa ta gama rubuta tarihin rayuwarta kuma tana rubuta littafi kan cin zarafi da cin zarafin mata da ake tsare da su a Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2025 |title=Nobel laureate Narges Mohammadi to publish two books |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250102-mind-of-steel-nobel-laureate-narges-mohammadi-defiant-despite-imprisonment |access-date=2 January 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin Yuli 2025 kwamitin Nobel na Norway ya ba da rahoton cewa Iran ta yi wa Mohammadi barazanar "kawar da jiki".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Cachella |date=2025-07-11 |title=Activist Narges Mohammadi reports threats of 'elimination' by Iran |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqx2d35gxy7o |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Daraja da kyaututtuka == Kyaututtuka da Mohammadi ya samu: * 2009: [[Alexander Langer]] Award">Kyautar Alexander Langer, mai suna Alexander Langer mai fafutukar zaman lafiya. Kyautar ta ɗauki kyautar Euro 10,000.<ref name="ALF"/> * 2011: Per Anger Prize, lambar yabo ta kasa da kasa ta gwamnatin Sweden don haƙƙin ɗan adam <ref>{{Cite web |title=2011: Narges Mohammadi |url=https://www.levandehistoria.se/english/remembrance/2011-narges-mohammadi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006104000/https://www.levandehistoria.se/english/remembrance/2011-narges-mohammadi |archive-date=6 October 2023 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Forum för Levande Historia}}</ref> * 2016: Kyautar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Birnin Weimar <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2016 |title=Statement by the Human Rights Commissioner on the sentence against Iranian human rights defender Mohammadi |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/newsroom/news/160929-mrhh-irn/283868}}</ref> * 2018: Kyautar Andrei Sakharov daga American Physical Society <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=2018 Andrei Sakharov Prize Recipient |url=https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/prizerecipient.cfm?last_nm=Mohammadi&first_nm=Narges&year=2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405223727/https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/prizerecipient.cfm?last_nm=Mohammadi&first_nm=Narges&year=2018 |archive-date=5 April 2019 |access-date=8 October 2023 |website=American Physical Society}}</ref> * 2022: Sanarwar a matsayin daya daga cikin Mata 100 masu ban sha'awa da tasiri na [[BBC]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2022 |title=BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207131215/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1 |archive-date=7 December 2022 |access-date=7 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> * 2023: Kyautar Olof Palme daga Gidauniyar Olof Palma ta Sweden, tare da Marta Chumalo da Eren Keskin <ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 – Marta Chumalo, Eren Keskin and Narges Mohammade {{!}} OLOF PALMES MINNESFOND |url=https://www.palmefonden.se/2023-marta-chumalo-eren-keskin-and-narges-mohammade/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006112311/https://www.palmefonden.se/2023-marta-chumalo-eren-keskin-and-narges-mohammade/ |archive-date=6 October 2023 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=palmefonden.se |language=sv-SE}}</ref> * 2023: PEN / Barbey Freedom to Write Award daga PEN America <ref>{{Cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |date=2023-05-15 |title=Imprisoned Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi to receive PEN America's Freedom to Write Award |url=https://apnews.com/article/narges-mohammadi-pen-america-iranian-2d8011ba97ec8972ca2bba112dcbcb89 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008153558/https://apnews.com/article/narges-mohammadi-pen-america-iranian-2d8011ba97ec8972ca2bba112dcbcb89 |archive-date=8 October 2023 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> * 2023: UNESCO / Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize, An raba shi tare da Elaheh Mohammadi da Niloofar Hamedi. * 2023: Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya "saboda gwagwarmayar da ta yi da zalunci ga mata a Iran da gwagwarmaya don inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yanci ga kowa". Sauran mata hudu na Iran suma sun kasance 'yan takara: Niloofar Hamedi, Elahe Mohamadi, Masih Alinejad, da Nargest Setude.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2023 |title=۵ زن ایرانی در میان چهره‌های پیشنهاد شده برای دریافت جایزه صلح نوبل |trans-title=5 Iranian women among the figures proposed to receive the Nobel Peace Prize |url=https://www.iranintl.com/202310046263 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010031757/https://www.iranintl.com/202310046263 |archive-date=10 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref> Shugaban Amurka ya taya ta murna kuma ya ambaci Armita Geravand. Babban Majalisar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Iran ta yi Allah wadai da kyautar don bayar da kyautar "mai laifi".<ref name="reactions">{{Cite web |date=8 October 2023 |title=حمایت از زنان ایران در ادامه واکنش‌های گسترده و جهانی به نوبل صلح نرگس محمدی |trans-title=Supporting the women of Iran in the continuation of the widespread and global reactions to Narges Mohammadi's Nobel Peace Prize |url=https://www.iranintl.com/202310062114 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007122128/https://www.iranintl.com/202310062114 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref> ** Rubutun jawabin da ta yi na kyautar Nobel, wanda aka fitar da shi daga Kurkukun Evin a Iran, 'ya'yanta matasa, Ali da Kiana Rahmani ne suka karanta shi a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka a [[Oslo]]. A cikin 2010, lokacin da Shirin Ebadi, wadda ta samu lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel ta lashe kyautar Felix Ermacora ta Human Rights Award ta sadaukar da ita ga Mohammadi. "Wannan mace mai jajircewa ta cancanci wannan lambar yabo fiye da ni," in ji Ebadi. == Ayyuka == * ''White Torture: Tattaunawa da Mata fursunonin Iran.'' [Hotuna a shafi na 9] {{ISBN|9780861545506}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] k4t26eihpy9zikorg09i1hmcadrexf1 0 114705 968203 967709 2026-10-16T10:33:53Z Kamaf001 48297 968203 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Hafizu Bello (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Afrilu a shekara ta alif 1974) shi ne darektan fina-finai Na Najeriya. Shi babban memba ne na farko na Masana'antar fina-finai ta Kannywood . [1][2] == Ayyuka == Bello ya shiga Masana'antar fina-finai ta [[Kannywood]] a 1999, da farko a matsayin darektan. Ya sami karbuwa a cikin masana'antar bayan ya jagoranci ''Muƙaddari'' a cikin 2000, wanda ya sami fim mafi kyau a Arewa Film Award . ''Ruhi'' ya biyo baya a 2003, ''Yanayi'' a 2004, da ''Qarni'' a 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hafizu Bello [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/director/hafizu_bello |access-date=10 March 2024 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> An amince da shi ta 2013 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards for Best Hausa Film for ''Faida'' a cikin 2013, kuma daga baya ya lashe 2015 Africa Magic Views' Choice Award a cikin mafi kyawun harshen asali (Hausa). == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- !2013 |[[2013 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2013 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMVCA 2013 Photos and Winners |url=http://www.jaguda.com/2013/03/09/all-the-winners-from-the-2013-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306043412/http://jaguda.com/2013/03/09/all-the-winners-from-the-2013-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards/ |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Faida|{{Won}} |- !2014 |[[2014 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka na 2014]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dstv Africa Magic Winners |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/12/06/2014-amvca-nominees-announced/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316015108/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/12/06/2014-amvca-nominees-announced/ |archive-date=2014-03-16 |access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref> |Fim mafi kyau |Bikin Kishi|{{Nom}} |- !2015 |[[2015 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2015 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa |Binkice|{{Won}} |- !2016 |[[2016 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2016 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |date=8 March 2016 |title=2016 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards Winners and Nominees |url=https://www.africanvibes.com/2016-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-winners-and-nominees/ |access-date=8 February 2020 |website=African Vibes Magazine}}</ref> |Fim mafi kyau |Sakaina|{{Nom}} |- !2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Jama'a]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Uwar Bari|{{Won}} |- !2022 |[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2022 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa ||{{Nom}} |- !2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2023 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa ||{{Nom}} |- |} == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Taken !Shekara |- |''Mukaddari'' |2000 |- |''Ruhi'' |2003 |- |''Yanayi'' |2004 |- |''Qarni'' |2005 |- |''Dan mazari'' |2007 |- |''Sammatsi'' |2008 |- |''Faida'' |2013 |- |''Hakki'' |2018 |- |''Hikima'' |2021 |- |''Uwar Bari'' |2022 |- |''Aisha'' |2023 |- |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] 9hp75d7ggszwci356spljuc4u737tcv 968205 968203 2026-10-16T10:34:49Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ayyuka */ 968205 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Hafizu Bello (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Afrilu a shekara ta alif 1974) shi ne darektan fina-finai Na Najeriya. Shi babban memba ne na farko na Masana'antar fina-finai ta Kannywood . [1][2] == Ayyuka == Bello ya shiga Masana'antar fina-finai ta [[Kannywood]] a shekarar 1999, da farko a matsayin darektan. Ya sami karbuwa a cikin masana'antar bayan ya jagoranci ''Muƙaddari'' a cikin 2000, wanda ya sami fim mafi kyau a Arewa Film Award . ''Ruhi'' ya biyo baya a 2003, ''Yanayi'' a 2004, da ''Qarni'' a 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hafizu Bello [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/director/hafizu_bello |access-date=10 March 2024 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> An amince da shi ta 2013 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards for Best Hausa Film for ''Faida'' a cikin 2013, kuma daga baya ya lashe 2015 Africa Magic Views' Choice Award a cikin mafi kyawun harshen asali (Hausa). == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- !2013 |[[2013 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2013 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMVCA 2013 Photos and Winners |url=http://www.jaguda.com/2013/03/09/all-the-winners-from-the-2013-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306043412/http://jaguda.com/2013/03/09/all-the-winners-from-the-2013-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards/ |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Faida|{{Won}} |- !2014 |[[2014 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka na 2014]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dstv Africa Magic Winners |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/12/06/2014-amvca-nominees-announced/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316015108/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/12/06/2014-amvca-nominees-announced/ |archive-date=2014-03-16 |access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref> |Fim mafi kyau |Bikin Kishi|{{Nom}} |- !2015 |[[2015 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2015 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa |Binkice|{{Won}} |- !2016 |[[2016 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2016 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |date=8 March 2016 |title=2016 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards Winners and Nominees |url=https://www.africanvibes.com/2016-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-winners-and-nominees/ |access-date=8 February 2020 |website=African Vibes Magazine}}</ref> |Fim mafi kyau |Sakaina|{{Nom}} |- !2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Jama'a]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Uwar Bari|{{Won}} |- !2022 |[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2022 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa ||{{Nom}} |- !2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2023 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa ||{{Nom}} |- |} == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Taken !Shekara |- |''Mukaddari'' |2000 |- |''Ruhi'' |2003 |- |''Yanayi'' |2004 |- |''Qarni'' |2005 |- |''Dan mazari'' |2007 |- |''Sammatsi'' |2008 |- |''Faida'' |2013 |- |''Hakki'' |2018 |- |''Hikima'' |2021 |- |''Uwar Bari'' |2022 |- |''Aisha'' |2023 |- |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] 8ltnkp1vv24h8i3hvhwqv6kq2hyetq2 0 120763 968048 963660 2026-10-16T01:51:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nico Anthony Jones''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2002) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida na Kudancin Kudancin Kwallon Kwallon Kwando na Banbury United . Jones samfurin akadami ta Fulham ne kuma ya fara aikinsa na sana'a tare da Oxford United . Ya koma kulob din Brentford B a 2021, wanda ya buga wa har sai an sake shi a 2023. Bayan haka, ya taka leda a kwallon kafa wanda ba na League ba. An haife shi a Ingila, Jamhuriyar Ireland ta rufe Jones a matakin kasa da shekaru 18. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Shekaru na farko da Oxford United === [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron tsakiya]], Jones ya fara aikin matasa a Fulham Academy a matakin kasa da shekaru 9.<ref name="OxfordProfile" /> Bayan shekaru takwas tare da kulob din, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tallafin karatu tare da kulob din Oxford United a shekarar 2018.<ref name="OxfordProfile">{{Cite web |title=Nico Jones – Defender – Under 21 Team |url=https://www.oufc.co.uk/teams/archived-players/nico-jones2/ |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=Oxford United |archive-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815120700/https://www.oufc.co.uk/teams/archived-players/nico-jones2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nine New Scholars at Oxford United |url=https://www.oufc.co.uk/news/2018/april/nine-new-scholars2/ |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=www.oufc.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni uku na farko a ƙarshen kakar 2018-19 kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar kwararru ta shekaru biyu, tare da zaɓi na ƙarin shekara, a watan Yunin 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nico Jones Signs First Professional Contract |url=https://www.oufc.co.uk/news/2019/june/nico-jones-signs/ |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=www.oufc.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> Jones ya buga wasan daya kawai a lokacin kakar 2019-20, duk da cewa abin tunawa ne, lokacin da ya jagoranci kulob din Oxford United zuwa nasarar 4-1 na EFL Trophy a kan Crawley Town a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2019. <ref name="Captain">{{Cite web |title=Good Day For Goodrham |url=https://www.oufc.co.uk/news/2019/november/tyler-goodrham-youngest-player/ |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=www.oufc.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> Wannan bayyanar ta sanya shi kyaftin din kulob din mafi ƙanƙanta.<ref name="Captain" /> Jones daga baya an rance shi zuwa yin bayyanar EFL Trophy kuma ya kwashe lokaci a kan aro a kungiyoyin National League South Oxford City da Havant &amp;amp; Waterlooville a lokacin kakar 2019-20 da 2020-21.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nico Jones Joins Oxford City On Loan |url=https://www.oufc.co.uk/news/2020/february/nico-jones-oxford-city-loan/ |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=www.oufc.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> An sake shi a watan Yunin 2021, bayan kulob din ya yi watsi da zaɓin shekara guda a kwangilarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U's Announce Retained List |url=https://www.oufc.co.uk/news/2021/may/retained-list/ |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=www.oufc.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> Jones ya buga wasanni takwas a cikin yanayi uku a Filin wasa na Kassam . === Brentford === A ranar 15 ga watan Agustan 2021, Jones ya koma Kungiyar B a kulob din Brentford dake Premier League kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu, tare da zaɓi na ƙarin shekara, a kan canja wurin kyauta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nico Jones joins Brentford B |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2021/august/nico-jones-joins-brentford-b/ |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815100208/https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2021/august/nico-jones-joins-brentford-b/ |archive-date=15 August 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 2021-22 da 2022-23, ya buga wasanni 61 na kungiyar B kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na tawagar da ta lashe kofin London na 2021-22.<ref name="BrentfordReleased">{{Cite web |title=Brentford B squad update |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/en/news/article/brentford-b-team-brentford-b-squad-update |access-date=1 June 2023 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref name="LSC">{{Cite web |title=Match Report: Brentford B win London Senior Cup on penalties |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2022/april/match-report-brentford-b-v-hendon/ |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426222021/https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2022/april/match-report-brentford-b-v-hendon/ |archive-date=26 April 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jones a wasu lokuta ya shiga cikin horar da tawagar farko a lokacin kakar 2021-22 kuma ya yi wasan sada zumunci a tsakiyar kakar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nico Jones: Step by Step |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/en/news/article/brentford-b-team-nico-jones-step-by-step |access-date=13 May 2023 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Match Report: Brentford XI 3 Leicester City U23s 0 |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/en/news/article/match-report-brentford-xi-3-leicester-city-u23s-0-638383 |access-date=13 May 2023 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> An sake shi lokacin da kwangilarsa ta kare a watan Yunin 2023.<ref name="BrentfordReleased" /> === Kwallon ƙafa da ba na League ba === A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 2023, Jones ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar gajeren lokaci tare da kulob din Welling United na Kudancin Kungiyar ta Kasa.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=wellingunited|title=✍️ Defensive duo sign! The Wings are delighted to welcome right-back Rob Howard back to the club, alongside former @OUFCOfficial & @BrentfordFC centre-back Nico Jones on short-term deals 🤝 #WeAreWings🪽}}</ref> Ya buga wasan Kent Senior Cup guda daya ga kulob din.<ref name="AylesburyUnitedArchive">{{Cite web |title=Nico Jones {{!}} Player Profile |url=https://www.aylesburyunitedarchive.com/player/nico-jones/33515 |access-date=2 December 2023 |website=Aylesbury United Archive}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2024, Jones ya buga wasan Kent Senior Cup na biyu na kakar 2023-24, ga Dover Athletic . <ref name="Reeves" /> A matsayinsa na dan wasan da bai cancanci ba, an fitar da kulob din daga gasar don sanya shi a filin wasa.<ref name="Reeves">{{Cite web |last=Reeves |first=Thomas |date=24 February 2024 |title=Confirmed: Whites out of Kent Senior Cup |url=https://www.kentonline.co.uk/dover/sport/confirmed-whites-out-of-kent-senior-cup-302353/ |access-date=26 February 2024 |website=Kent Online |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Maris 2024, Jones ya koma kungiyar Burgess Hill Town ta Isthmian League ta Kudu maso Gabas . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Defender Jones joins the Hillians |url=https://bhtfc.co.uk/2024/03/defender-jones-joins-the-hillians/ |access-date=2 March 2024 |website=bhtfc.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni hudu kafin karshen kakar 2023-24, wanda ya kai ga raguwa. <ref name="FWP">{{Cite web |title=Burgess Hill Town {{!}} Appearances {{!}} Nico Jones {{!}} 2023–2024 |url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/burgess-hill-town/appearances/2023-2024/nico-jones/963578 |access-date=11 March 2024 |website=Football Web Pages}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2024, Jones ya koma kungiyar Banbury United ta Kudancin Kudancin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nico Jones joins the Puritans |url=https://www.banburyunitedfc.co.uk/news/nico-jones-joins-the-puritans-2857508.html |access-date=26 June 2024 |website=www.banburyunitedfc.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni 31 a lokacin tsakiyar teburin 2024-25. <ref name="BanburyStats">{{Cite web |title=Nico Jones |url=https://www.banburyunitedfc.co.uk/teams/24168/player/nico-jones-3274484/90191 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=Banbury United Football Club First Team |archive-date=18 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118113651/https://www.banburyunitedfc.co.uk/teams/24168/player/nico-jones-3274484/90191 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An riƙe Jones don kakar 2025-26.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=BanburyUnitedFC|title=𝐍𝐈𝐂𝐎 𝐉𝐎𝐍𝐄𝐒 𝐑𝐄𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐍𝐒 🟥🟨 👉 We're delighted to announce that defender Nico Jones has committed to Banbury United for the 25/26 season! 🏞️ Jones proved to be a man-mountain in the defence last season, showcasing his aerial qualities and superb strength consistently. #WeAreUnited {{!}} #UTP}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An kira Jones zuwa cikin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 na Jamhuriyar Ireland don gasar sada zumunci a Sweden a watan Satumbar 2019 kuma ya bayyana sau ɗaya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ireland U18: Reid names squad for Sweden tournament |url=https://www.fai.ie/ireland/news/ireland-u18-reid-names-squad-for-sweden-tournament |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=Football Association of Ireland}}</ref> a cikin 0-0 draw tare da masu masaukin baki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ireland U18: Ireland held to a draw by hosts Sweden |url=https://www.fai.ie/ireland/news/ireland-u18-ireland-held-to-a-draw-by-hosts-sweden |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=Football Association of Ireland}}</ref> Jones ya buga wasan da ya yi na [[Republic of Ireland national under-20 football team|kasa da shekaru 20]] kawai tare da farawa a wasan sada zumunci da ba na kai ba da tawagar Jamhuriyar Ireland a ranar 22 ga Maris 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nico Jones makes Ireland Under-20 debut |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2022/march/nico-jones-makes-ireland-under-20-debut/ |access-date=23 March 2022 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 21 October 2025}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin League{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="4" |Oxford United |2018–19 |Ƙungiyar Ɗaya |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |3 |0 |- |2019–20 |Ƙungiyar Ɗaya |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 [ƙasa-alpha 1] |0 |1 |0 |- |2020–21 |Ƙungiyar Ɗaya |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |4[ƙasa-alpha 1]<ref name="EFLT" group="lower-alpha" /> |0 |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !3 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !5 !0 !8 !0 |- |Birnin Oxford (rashin kuɗi) |2019–20 |Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Kudu |3 |0 | colspan="2" |― | colspan="2" |― | colspan="2" |― |3 |0 |- |Havant &amp;amp; Waterlooville (rashin aro) |2020–21 |Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Kudu |1 |0 | colspan="2" |― | colspan="2" |― |1 |0 |2 |0 |- |Rashin lafiya da aka haɗa |2023–24<ref name="AylesburyUnitedArchive"/> |Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Kudu |0 |0 | colspan="2" |― | colspan="2" |― |1 [ƙasa-alpha 3] |0 |1 |0 |- |Dover Athletic |2023–24<ref name="AylesburyUnitedArchive" /> |Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Kudu |0 |0 | colspan="2" |― | colspan="2" |― |1 [ƙasa-alpha 3]<ref name="KSC" group="lower-alpha" /> |0 |1 |0 |- |Birnin Burgess Hill |2023–24<ref name="FWP"/> |Ƙungiyar Isthmian ta Kudu maso Gabas |4 |0 | colspan="2" |― | colspan="2" |― | colspan="2" |― |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Banbury United |2024–25<ref name="BanburyStats"/> |Kudancin Kudancin Premier Division Central |28 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |― |2 |0 |31 |0 |- |2025–26<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nico Jones |url=https://www.banburyunitedfc.co.uk/teams/24168/player/nico-jones-3274484/93391 |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=Banbury United Football Club First Team }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Kudancin Kudancin Premier Division Central |7 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |― |1 <ref name="FAT" group="lower-alpha" /> |0 |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !35 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |― !3 !0 !41 !0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !46 !0 !3 !0 !0 !0 !11 !0 !60 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Brentford B''' * Babban Kofin London: 2021-22 <ref name="LSC"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] <references /> 9g1w0n682rn3rxhnkcf3lrktn1cbbk9 0 122422 968025 917868 2026-10-15T23:19:49Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369280075|The Wall Street Boy]]" 968025 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Yaron Wall Street |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data description" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Harshen Nandi–Markweta|Kalenjin]] | class="infobox-data" |''Kipkemboi'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Charles Uwagbai]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |Joel Richardson |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Jennifer JonasLeonard Farlinger<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |Thamela Mpumlwana |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Rudolf Blahacek |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Irmiya Munce |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Amin Bhatia |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">Sabbin Fim na Gaskiya<br /></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Ayyukan ArtMattan |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Nuwamba 8, 2023 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2023-11-08</span>)&nbsp;</span> ([[Africa International Film Festival|AFRIFF]]) &nbsp;&nbsp;&#x20; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Lokacin gudu</div> | class="infobox-data" |Minti 90 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data" |KenyaCanada<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" |Turanci |} The Wall Street Boy (Kalenjin: Kipkemboi) is a Kenyan-Canadian thriller drama film, directed by Charles Uwagbai and released in 2023.[1] The film stars Thamela Mpumlwana as Kipkemboi, a young mathematical genius from rural Kenya who is forced to give up a scholarship to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to stay with his family after his father dies, and then develops a computer algorithm that allows him to play the stock market and enrich his family and community.[2] Har ila yau, simintin ya hada da Elsie Abang, Vinessa Antoine, Millicent Boella, Kevin Hanchard, David Cubitt, Elijah Morrison da Idrissa Sanogo a matsayin tallafi. Fim din ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Afirka a watan Nuwamba na 2023, kafin ya shiga cikin fitowar kasuwanci a 2024. == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Kyautar ! scope="col" |Ranar bikin ! scope="col" |Sashe ! scope="col" |Mai karɓa ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="7" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] | rowspan="7" |2024 |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka don Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Matsayin Tallafawa|Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Matsayin Tallafawa]] |Elsie Abang| {{Won}} | |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka don Fim mafi kyau ta Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje|Fim mafi kyau ta Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje]] || {{Nom}} | rowspan="6" | |- |[[Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Mafi kyawun Cinematography]] |Rudolf Blahacek| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Gyara|Mafi Kyawun Gyara]] |J.L. Munce| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga mafi Kyakkyawun Tsarin Fitarwa|Kyakkyawan Tsarin samarwa]] |Joel Richardson| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Sauti|Sauti Mafi Kyawu]] || {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka|Mafi kyawun Tasirin Bayani]] || {{Nom}} |- |Daraktoci Guild na Kanada |2024 |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Fim, Fim mai Ƙayyadadden |Joel Richardson| {{Won}} | |- |Kyautar Hoton NAACP |2025 |Hoton Motsa Labarai na Duniya || {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Fim ta Kanada |2025 |Mafi kyawun asali na asali |Amin Bhatia| {{Nom}} | |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 1x60qnl8pmols7siyjq5km3picgvhgi 968026 968025 2026-10-15T23:20:33Z Salma Raddah 45959 968026 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Yaron Wall Street |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data description" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Harshen Nandi–Markweta|Kalenjin]] | class="infobox-data" |''Kipkemboi'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Charles Uwagbai]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |Joel Richardson |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Jennifer JonasLeonard Farlinger<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |Thamela Mpumlwana |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Rudolf Blahacek |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Irmiya Munce |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Amin Bhatia |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">Sabbin Fim na Gaskiya<br /></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Ayyukan ArtMattan |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Nuwamba 8, 2023 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2023-11-08</span>)&nbsp;</span> ([[Africa International Film Festival|AFRIFF]]) &nbsp;&nbsp;&#x20; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Lokacin gudu</div> | class="infobox-data" |Minti 90 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data" |KenyaCanada<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" |Turanci |} {{Databox}} The Wall Street Boy (Kalenjin: Kipkemboi) is a Kenyan-Canadian thriller drama film, directed by Charles Uwagbai and released in 2023.[1] The film stars Thamela Mpumlwana as Kipkemboi, a young mathematical genius from rural Kenya who is forced to give up a scholarship to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to stay with his family after his father dies, and then develops a computer algorithm that allows him to play the stock market and enrich his family and community.[2] Har ila yau, simintin ya hada da Elsie Abang, Vinessa Antoine, Millicent Boella, Kevin Hanchard, David Cubitt, Elijah Morrison da Idrissa Sanogo a matsayin tallafi. Fim din ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Afirka a watan Nuwamba na 2023, kafin ya shiga cikin fitowar kasuwanci a 2024. == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Kyautar ! scope="col" |Ranar bikin ! scope="col" |Sashe ! scope="col" |Mai karɓa ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="7" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] | rowspan="7" |2024 |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka don Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Matsayin Tallafawa|Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Matsayin Tallafawa]] |Elsie Abang| {{Won}} | |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka don Fim mafi kyau ta Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje|Fim mafi kyau ta Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje]] || {{Nom}} | rowspan="6" | |- |[[Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Mafi kyawun Cinematography]] |Rudolf Blahacek| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Gyara|Mafi Kyawun Gyara]] |J.L. Munce| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga mafi Kyakkyawun Tsarin Fitarwa|Kyakkyawan Tsarin samarwa]] |Joel Richardson| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Sauti|Sauti Mafi Kyawu]] || {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka|Mafi kyawun Tasirin Bayani]] || {{Nom}} |- |Daraktoci Guild na Kanada |2024 |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Fim, Fim mai Ƙayyadadden |Joel Richardson| {{Won}} | |- |Kyautar Hoton NAACP |2025 |Hoton Motsa Labarai na Duniya || {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Fim ta Kanada |2025 |Mafi kyawun asali na asali |Amin Bhatia| {{Nom}} | |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> iahyc6ohrgalkwu6v8s8yoj6xbmyps8 968084 968026 2026-10-16T07:47:16Z Baby juuu 38856 968084 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Yaron Wall Street |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data description" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Harshen Nandi–Markweta|Kalenjin]] | class="infobox-data" |''Kipkemboi'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Charles Uwagbai]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |Joel Richardson |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Jennifer JonasLeonard Farlinger<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |Thamela Mpumlwana |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Rudolf Blahacek |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Irmiya Munce |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Amin Bhatia |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">Sabbin Fim na Gaskiya<br /></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Ayyukan ArtMattan |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Nuwamba 8, 2023 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2023-11-08</span>)&nbsp;</span> ([[Africa International Film Festival|AFRIFF]]) &nbsp;&nbsp;&#x20; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Lokacin gudu</div> | class="infobox-data" |Minti 90 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data" |KenyaCanada<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" |Turanci |} {{Databox}} The Wall Street Boy (Kalenjin: Kipkemboi) is a Kenyan-Canadian thriller drama film, directed by Charles Uwagbai and released in 2023.[1] The film stars Thamela Mpumlwana as Kipkemboi, a young mathematical genius from rural Kenya who is forced to give up a scholarship to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to stay with his family after his father dies, and then develops a computer algorithm that allows him to play the stock market and enrich his family and community.[2] Har ila yau, simintin ya hada da Elsie Abang, Vinessa Antoine, Millicent Boella, Kevin Hanchard, David Cubitt, Elijah Morrison da Idrissa Sanogo a matsayin tallafi. Fim din ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Afirka a watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 2023, kafin ya shiga cikin fitowar kasuwanci a 2024. == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Kyautar ! scope="col" |Ranar bikin ! scope="col" |Sashe ! scope="col" |Mai karɓa ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="7" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] | rowspan="7" |2024 |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka don Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Matsayin Tallafawa|Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Matsayin Tallafawa]] |Elsie Abang| {{Won}} | |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka don Fim mafi kyau ta Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje|Fim mafi kyau ta Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje]] || {{Nom}} | rowspan="6" | |- |[[Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Mafi kyawun Cinematography]] |Rudolf Blahacek| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Gyara|Mafi Kyawun Gyara]] |J.L. Munce| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga mafi Kyakkyawun Tsarin Fitarwa|Kyakkyawan Tsarin samarwa]] |Joel Richardson| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Sauti|Sauti Mafi Kyawu]] || {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka|Mafi kyawun Tasirin Bayani]] || {{Nom}} |- |Daraktoci Guild na Kanada |2024 |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Fim, Fim mai Ƙayyadadden |Joel Richardson| {{Won}} | |- |Kyautar Hoton NAACP |2025 |Hoton Motsa Labarai na Duniya || {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Fim ta Kanada |2025 |Mafi kyawun asali na asali |Amin Bhatia| {{Nom}} | |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> j8eqvg9b7i2iuayqpqubycfgn01gb7i 968178 968084 2026-10-16T10:16:44Z Kamaf001 48297 968178 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Yaron Wall Street |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data description" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Harshen Nandi–Markweta|Kalenjin]] | class="infobox-data" |''Kipkemboi'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Charles Uwagbai]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |Joel Richardson |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Jennifer JonasLeonard Farlinger<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |Thamela Mpumlwana |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Rudolf Blahacek |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Irmiya Munce |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Amin Bhatia |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">Sabbin Fim na Gaskiya<br /></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Ayyukan ArtMattan |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Nuwamba 8, 2023 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2023-11-08</span>)&nbsp;</span> ([[Africa International Film Festival|AFRIFF]]) &nbsp;&nbsp;&#x20; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Lokacin gudu</div> | class="infobox-data" |Minti 90 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data" |KenyaCanada<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" |Turanci |} {{Databox}} The Wall Street Boy (Kalenjin: Kipkemboi) is a Kenyan-Canadian thriller drama film, directed by Charles Uwagbai and released in the year 2023.[1] The film stars Thamela Mpumlwana as Kipkemboi, a young mathematical genius from rural Kenya who is forced to give up a scholarship to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to stay with his family after his father dies, and then develops a computer algorithm that allows him to play the stock market and enrich his family and community.[2] Har ila yau, simintin ya hada da Elsie Abang, Vinessa Antoine, Millicent Boella, Kevin Hanchard, David Cubitt, Elijah Morrison da Idrissa Sanogo a matsayin tallafi. Fim din ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Afirka a watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 2023, kafin ya shiga cikin fitowar kasuwanci a 2024. == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Kyautar ! scope="col" |Ranar bikin ! scope="col" |Sashe ! scope="col" |Mai karɓa ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="7" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] | rowspan="7" |2024 |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka don Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Matsayin Tallafawa|Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Matsayin Tallafawa]] |Elsie Abang| {{Won}} | |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka don Fim mafi kyau ta Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje|Fim mafi kyau ta Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje]] || {{Nom}} | rowspan="6" | |- |[[Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Mafi kyawun Cinematography]] |Rudolf Blahacek| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Gyara|Mafi Kyawun Gyara]] |J.L. Munce| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga mafi Kyakkyawun Tsarin Fitarwa|Kyakkyawan Tsarin samarwa]] |Joel Richardson| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Sauti|Sauti Mafi Kyawu]] || {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka|Mafi kyawun Tasirin Bayani]] || {{Nom}} |- |Daraktoci Guild na Kanada |2024 |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Fim, Fim mai Ƙayyadadden |Joel Richardson| {{Won}} | |- |Kyautar Hoton NAACP |2025 |Hoton Motsa Labarai na Duniya || {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Fim ta Kanada |2025 |Mafi kyawun asali na asali |Amin Bhatia| {{Nom}} | |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 19f5aowkh3sqb93a7edgh2ye6w74e22 968180 968178 2026-10-16T10:17:10Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Manazarta */ 968180 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Yaron Wall Street |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data description" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Harshen Nandi–Markweta|Kalenjin]] | class="infobox-data" |''Kipkemboi'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Charles Uwagbai]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |Joel Richardson |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Jennifer JonasLeonard Farlinger<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |Thamela Mpumlwana |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Rudolf Blahacek |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Irmiya Munce |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Amin Bhatia |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">Sabbin Fim na Gaskiya<br /></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Ayyukan ArtMattan |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Nuwamba 8, 2023 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2023-11-08</span>)&nbsp;</span> ([[Africa International Film Festival|AFRIFF]]) &nbsp;&nbsp;&#x20; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Lokacin gudu</div> | class="infobox-data" |Minti 90 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data" |KenyaCanada<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" |Turanci |} {{Databox}} The Wall Street Boy (Kalenjin: Kipkemboi) is a Kenyan-Canadian thriller drama film, directed by Charles Uwagbai and released in the year 2023.[1] The film stars Thamela Mpumlwana as Kipkemboi, a young mathematical genius from rural Kenya who is forced to give up a scholarship to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to stay with his family after his father dies, and then develops a computer algorithm that allows him to play the stock market and enrich his family and community.[2] Har ila yau, simintin ya hada da Elsie Abang, Vinessa Antoine, Millicent Boella, Kevin Hanchard, David Cubitt, Elijah Morrison da Idrissa Sanogo a matsayin tallafi. Fim din ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Afirka a watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 2023, kafin ya shiga cikin fitowar kasuwanci a 2024. == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Kyautar ! scope="col" |Ranar bikin ! scope="col" |Sashe ! scope="col" |Mai karɓa ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="7" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] | rowspan="7" |2024 |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka don Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Matsayin Tallafawa|Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Matsayin Tallafawa]] |Elsie Abang| {{Won}} | |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka don Fim mafi kyau ta Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje|Fim mafi kyau ta Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje]] || {{Nom}} | rowspan="6" | |- |[[Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Mafi kyawun Cinematography]] |Rudolf Blahacek| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Gyara|Mafi Kyawun Gyara]] |J.L. Munce| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga mafi Kyakkyawun Tsarin Fitarwa|Kyakkyawan Tsarin samarwa]] |Joel Richardson| {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Sauti|Sauti Mafi Kyawu]] || {{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka|Mafi kyawun Tasirin Bayani]] || {{Nom}} |- |Daraktoci Guild na Kanada |2024 |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Fim, Fim mai Ƙayyadadden |Joel Richardson| {{Won}} | |- |Kyautar Hoton NAACP |2025 |Hoton Motsa Labarai na Duniya || {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Fim ta Kanada |2025 |Mafi kyawun asali na asali |Amin Bhatia| {{Nom}} | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 7zl1ht6gr1rdwa4ae2k4635ey5m0pju 0 123117 967943 967551 2026-10-15T19:00:05Z Kamaf001 48297 967943 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:King_of_Falafel_&_Shawarma.jpg|thumb|Waje na Sarkin Falafel da Shawarma a Astoria, wanda ke nuna alamun shagon, tagogi na gaba, da kuma mutanen da ke tafiya a gefen titi.]] [[Fayil:King_of_Falafel_&_Shawarma_Inside_Area.jpg|thumb|Cikin gidan Sarki Falafel da Shawarma yana ɗauke da bangon ja da aka yi wa ado da fosta, kwanduna, tufafi, da kuma kayan haɗin kwarangwal, tare da kujeru kore da ja a wurin zama.]]{{Databox}} '''King of Falafel & Shawarma''' wani gidan cin abinci ne da ke [[Astoria, Queens]], [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]], wanda Fares ("Freddy") Zeideia ya kafa. Kasuwancin ya fara ne a matsayin keken titi a shekara ta 2002 kuma ya buɗe shagonsa a Broadway a watan Janairun 2016. <ref name=":0" /> An rufe shi saboda salon Falasdinawa, [[falafel]] mai siffar wake kawai wanda aka yi wa ado da furanni masu tsayi da kuma lashe kyautar Vendy ta shekara ta 2010 don Mafi Kyawun Abincin Titi. <ref name=":0" /> Aikin ya kuma gudanar da manyan motocin abinci da yawa da ke hidimar unguwannin birnin New York. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 2024, kasuwancin ya faɗaɗa zuwa [[Chicago Ridge|Chicago Ridge, Illinois]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Selvam |first=Ashok |date=2024-07-29 |title=New York's King of Falafel Is Planning a Chicago Expansion |url=https://chicago.eater.com/2024/7/29/24209104/new-york-king-of-falafel-chicago-ridge-new-location-expansion |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Eater Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:King_of_Falafel_&_Shawarma_Dining_Area.jpg|thumb|Wurin cin abinci a cikin King of Falafel da Shawarma, wanda ke da bangon kore, kujeru ja da kore, da zane-zanen bango.]] == Tarihi == Kasuwancin ya fara ne a shekarar 2002, lokacin da wanda ya kafa Zeideia ya ƙaddamar da keken falafel a Broadway da Titin 30th a Astoria, yana ba da abinci bisa ga abincin da ya samo asali daga Falasɗinawa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Ruhling |first=Nancy |date=2016-06-28 |title=Astoria Characters: The Falafel King |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Keken ya sami karɓuwa sosai bayan ya zama ɗan wasan ƙarshe na kyautar Vendy ta 2009 kuma ya lashe kyautar Vendy ta 2010 don Mafi Kyawun Abincin Titi. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Chapman |first=Ben |date=2009-08-16 |title=Street chefs throughout New York City vie to cart off the 2009 Vendy Award |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2009/08/16/street-chefs-throughout-new-york-city-vie-to-cart-off-the-2009-vendy-award/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=New York Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya faɗaɗa kasuwancin da ƙarin motar abinci a 2013. <ref name=":3" /> Bayan fiye da shekaru goma yana siyarwa a kan titi, ya buɗe gidan cin abinci na dindindin a 30-15 Broadway a watan Janairun 2016, kusa da kusurwar keken. <ref name=":0" /> A watan Yulin 2022, ya sanar da shirin sayar da gidan cin abinci da motocin da ke da alaƙa, amma daga baya ya zaɓi ci gaba da gudanar da kasuwancin bayan goyon bayan al'umma mai ƙarfi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garber |first=Nick |date=2022-07-20 |title=Astoria's King Of Falafel Prepares To Surrender His Crown |url=https://patch.com/new-york/astoria-long-island-city/astorias-king-falafel-prepares-surrender-his-crown |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Astoria-Long Island City, NY Patch |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2" /> Nan da shekarar 2024, kasuwancin yana sarrafa manyan motocin abinci guda huɗu ban da gidan cin abinci na Astoria. <ref name=":2" /> A wannan shekarar, ya kuma buɗe sabon wuri a Chicago Ridge, Illinois, kuma ya nuna sha'awar ƙara faɗaɗawa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Selvam |first=Ashok |date=2024-07-29 |title=New York's King of Falafel Is Planning a Chicago Expansion |url=https://chicago.eater.com/2024/7/29/24209104/new-york-king-of-falafel-chicago-ridge-new-location-expansion |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Eater Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abinci == Gidan cin abinci yana ba da abincin Falasɗinu kamar su wake, falafel mai tsayi, [[shawarma]] na kaza da rago, da kuma pita na gida. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGiacone2024">Giacone, Juliana (2024-07-16). [https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ "A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma"]. ''Epicenter NYC''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ana shirya falafel ba tare da wake na fava ba kuma yana bin girke-girke daga mahaifiyar Zeideia, ana amfani da wake da aka jika da faski da albasa sannan a ƙara masa kayan ƙanshi kamar coriander, anise, da cayenne kafin a soya. <ref name=":0" /> Ƙarin abubuwan menu sun haɗa da kebabs, kofta, shinkafar basmati da aka dafa da tafarnuwa da albasa, da kuma "shawafel" mai haɗakarwa wanda ya haɗa falafel da shawarma. <ref name=":0" /> Jerin abincin kuma yana ɗauke da faranti masu ɗauke da shawarma, shinkafa, salati, da falafel. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" /> == Salo == Gidan abincin yana da ɗaki mai haske a ciki wanda ke ɗauke da fitattun abubuwa ja da kore, tare da kujeru masu dacewa da tebura baƙi, tsarin launi da aka lura da shi yana nuna tutar Falasɗinu. An ɗora wani samfurin abin rufe fuska na motar abinci mai launin lemun tsami mai lambar "FALAFEL1" a kan gidan abincin. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Ruhling |first=Nancy |date=2016-06-28 |title=Astoria Characters: The Falafel King |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRuhling2016">Ruhling, Nancy (2016-06-28). [https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 "Astoria Characters: The Falafel King"]. ''HuffPost''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Zane-zanen bango a cikin gidan abincin suna nuna wurare kamar Urushalima da Manhattan, kuma shagon yana nuna tutocin Falasɗinu, sitika na siyasa, zane-zane masu ban dariya, da kuma zane-zanen bango da ke nuna [[Yaƙin Gaza|rikicin Gaza]]. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGiacone2024">Giacone, Juliana (2024-07-16). [https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ "A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma"]. ''Epicenter NYC''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":3" /> Gidan abincin yana da tsarin kicin a buɗe, kuma ana iya ganin ƙamshi mai ƙarfi na tafarnuwa, albasa, da wake da aka soya lokacin shiga. <ref name=":2" /> == Ganewa == King of Falafel & Shawarma sun yi nasara a gasar Vendy Awards a shekarar 2009 kuma daga baya suka lashe kyautar Best Street Food (Vendy Cup) a shekarar 2010. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Chapman |first=Ben |date=2009-08-16 |title=Street chefs throughout New York City vie to cart off the 2009 Vendy Award |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2009/08/16/street-chefs-throughout-new-york-city-vie-to-cart-off-the-2009-vendy-award/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=New York Daily News |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChapman2009">Chapman, Ben (2009-08-16). [https://www.nydailynews.com/2009/08/16/street-chefs-throughout-new-york-city-vie-to-cart-off-the-2009-vendy-award/ "Street chefs throughout New York City vie to cart off the 2009 Vendy Award"]. ''New York Daily News''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGiacone2024">Giacone, Juliana (2024-07-16). [https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ "A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma"]. ''Epicenter NYC''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ayyuka == Kamfanin yana gudanar da gidan cin abinci mai kama da tubali a Broadway a Astoria kuma ya faɗaɗa zuwa wasu na'urori masu motsi. Baya ga keken titi na asali, an ƙara motar abinci a shekarar 2013, kuma nan da shekarar 2024 kasuwancin yana gudanar da manyan motoci huɗu a wurare masu juyawa a faɗin Manhattan, Queens, da Bronx . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Giacone |first=Juliana |date=2024-07-16 |title=A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma |url=https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Epicenter NYC |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGiacone2024">Giacone, Juliana (2024-07-16). [https://epicenter-nyc.com/get-a-taste-of-the-heart-and-soul-of-ramallah-at-astorias-beloved-king-of-falafel-and-shawarma/ "A taste of the heart and soul of Ramallah at King of Falafel and Shawarma"]. ''Epicenter NYC''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Ruhling |first=Nancy |date=2016-06-28 |title=Astoria Characters: The Falafel King |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRuhling2016">Ruhling, Nancy (2016-06-28). [https://www.huffpost.com/entry/astoria-characters-the-fa_b_10686730 "Astoria Characters: The Falafel King"]. ''HuffPost''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Wuraren da aka ruwaito sun haɗa da East 53rd Street da Park Avenue a Manhattan, Ditmars Boulevard da 31st Street a Queens, Bell Boulevard da 42nd Avenue a Queens, da 5560 Broadway a Bronx. <ref name=":2" /> Gidan cin abinci na Astoria yana aiki a matsayin babban tushen ayyukan kamfanin. <ref name=":2" /> A cikin 2024, kasuwancin ya faɗaɗa a wajen New York tare da wurin ɗaukar kaya da tuƙi a 6058 W 111th St, Chicago Ridge, Illinois, tare da ƙarin wuraren da ake la'akari da su a yankin Chicago. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Selvam |first=Ashok |date=2024-07-29 |title=New York's King of Falafel Is Planning a Chicago Expansion |url=https://chicago.eater.com/2024/7/29/24209104/new-york-king-of-falafel-chicago-ridge-new-location-expansion |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Eater Chicago |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSelvam2024">Selvam, Ashok (2024-07-29). [https://chicago.eater.com/2024/7/29/24209104/new-york-king-of-falafel-chicago-ridge-new-location-expansion "New York's King of Falafel Is Planning a Chicago Expansion"]. ''Eater Chicago''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Mai shi == Wannan kasuwancin mallakar Zeideia ne, Ba’amurke Ba’amurke Ba’amurke Ba’amurke wanda aka haifa a Ramallah kuma ya yi aiki a Astoria sama da shekaru ashirin. [1] Ya taɓa yin ayyuka daban-daban a birnin New York, ciki har da aiki a wani shagon kayan rubutu inda aka yi masa laƙabi da "Freddy." [1] Zeideia ya shahara da nuna asalinsa na Falasɗinawa a bainar jama'a a gidan cin abinci, gami da hotunan siyasa, tutocin Falasɗinawa, da zane-zane masu ban dariya a ƙofar shiga da kuma bangon shagon. [1] A cikin wata hira, Zeideia ya bayyana cewa tattaunawa game da abinci sau da yawa ya haɗa da batutuwan siyasa. [1] A cikin gidan cin abinci, sau da yawa ana ganinsa sanye da riga ta Sarki Falafel, wando mai siffar kayan lambu, da kuma [[Crocs]] masu launi, waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin rahotanni a matsayin tufafinsa na yau da kullun. [1] == Manazarta == <references /> 85f8u8q95681h9zi9bznuglb94i3idd 0 124576 968072 906824 2026-10-16T05:30:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Olukoya Ogen''' Farfesa ce ta Tarihi ta Najeriya . Ya kasance Fellow na Kwalejin Harafi ta Najeriya da kuma Tarihin Tarihi na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNIOSUN Don and NYSC DG Inducted as Fellows of the Historical Society of Nigeria |url=https://www.uniosun.edu.ng/index.php/item/1755-uniosun-don-and-nysc-dg-inducted-as-fellows-of-the-historical-society-of-nigeria.html |website=Osun State University, Osogbo}}</ref> kuma tsohon Provost <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2014 |title=Adeyemi College of Education Gets New Provost |url=http://thestreetjournal.org/2014/08/adeyemi-college-of-education-gets-new-provost/ |website=Thestreetjournal.org}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> na Kwaleji ta Ilimi ta Adeyemi, Najeriya.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2018 |title=Adeyemi college to be upgraded to varsity soon ― Provost » Latest News |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/167914/ |website=Tribuneonlineng.com |access-date=December 26, 2025 |archive-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601233839/https://tribuneonlineng.com/167914/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2021 |title=Dr Olukoya Ogen Becomes a Fellow of the Historical Society of Nigeria |url=https://africanhistoryproject.org/ahp/partners-ahp/dr-olukoya-ogen-becomes-a-fellow-of-the-historical-society-of-nigeria/ |access-date=12 February 2022 |website=Africanhistoryproject.org |archive-date=5 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205181611/https://africanhistoryproject.org/ahp/partners-ahp/dr-olukoya-ogen-becomes-a-fellow-of-the-historical-society-of-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ilimi == Olukoya Ogen ya sami digiri na PhD a [[Tarihi]] daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] da kuma Takardar shaidar Kasuwanci, Girma da Talauci daga Cibiyar Bankin Duniya, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] a shekara ta 2006. Ya kasance Leventis Scholar a Jami'ar London a shekara ta 2008; a British Academy Visiting Fellow a Jami'an Birmingham a shekara ta 2009; a Cadbury Visiting Fello a shekara ta 2010; da kuma American Council of Learned Societies Postdoctoral Fellow a shekara ta 2011. Ya kuma kasance Darakta na Ƙasa da Co-Bincike na Kyautar Majalisar Bincike ta Turai daga 2012 zuwa 2017. Olukoya Ogen ta sami kyautar Jami'ar Leeds' LUCAS-LAHRI Visiting Fellowship a shekarar 2022. Ya kuma lashe babbar Asusun UNESCO na Duniya don Binciken Al'adu a cikin 2023 a tsakanin sauran tallafin bincike. Ya ƙware a tarihin zamantakewa da al'adu da tattalin arziki na [[Najeriya]]. == Ayyukan sana'a da gudanarwa == Kafin ya shiga [[Jami'ar Garin Osun|Jami'ar Jihar Osun]] a shekara ta 2009, ya yi aiki a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]], 2000-2001, [[Jami'ar Adekunle Ajasin]], 2001-2006, da [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]], 2006-2009. Ya kasance Mai Bincike na Baƙo a Kwalejin Fourah Bay, Jami'ar Saliyo a cikin 2011, kuma ya kasance Masanin ACLS a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] a cikin 2012. An nada shi Babban Mai Bincike na Ziyarar a Jami'ar Birmingham a shekarar 2012;<ref>https://www.uniosun.edu.ng/index.php/item/2124-uniosun-felicitates-prof-olukoya-ogen-on-his-induction-as-fellow-of-the-nigerian-academy-of-letters.html</ref> Ziyarar Cikakken Bincike a Jami'an Kudancin, Baton Rouge, [[Louisiana]] daga 2017-2020; kuma Farfesa na Ilimi ta Jami'ar Amurka da ke Yaounde a shekarar 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNIOSUN Don and NYSC DG Inducted as Fellows of the Historical Society of Nigeria |url=https://www.uniosun.edu.ng/index.php/item/1755-uniosun-don-and-nysc-dg-inducted-as-fellows-of-the-historical-society-of-nigeria.html |website=Osun State University, Osogbo}}</ref> == Daraja da yabo == Ya kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Lifetime Achievement Awards guda biyu, <ref>https://www.uniosun.edu.ng/index.php/item/2124-uniosun-felicitates-prof-olukoya-ogen-on-his-induction-as-fellow-of-the-nigerian-academy-of-letters.html</ref> ya kuma sami Wasikar yabo daga Majalisar Dattijai ta 8 ta Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya don lissafi da mutunci bayan ya fito a matsayin mafi kyawun Provost a Najeriya a shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNIOSUN Don and NYSC DG Inducted as Fellows of the Historical Society of Nigeria |url=https://www.uniosun.edu.ng/index.php/item/1755-uniosun-don-and-nysc-dg-inducted-as-fellows-of-the-historical-society-of-nigeria.html |website=Osun State University, Osogbo}}</ref> An nada shi Magajin garin Baton Rouge, Louisiana a shekarar 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2014 |title=Adeyemi College of Education Gets New Provost |url=http://thestreetjournal.org/2014/08/adeyemi-college-of-education-gets-new-provost/ |website=Thestreetjournal.org |access-date=December 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411093842/http://thestreetjournal.org/2014/08/adeyemi-college-of-education-gets-new-provost/ |archive-date=April 11, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya lashe lambar yabo ta zinare ta UNIOSUN don Kwarewar Bincike a 2023 da kuma Kyautar Farfesa Ali Mazrui don Kwarewa a cikin Bincike na Ilimi a 2019. <ref>https://www.uniosun.edu.ng/index.php/item/2124-uniosun-felicitates-prof-olukoya-ogen-on-his-induction-as-fellow-of-the-nigerian-academy-of-letters.html</ref> Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta Platinum Benefactor da lambar yabo ta Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya, Ondo City a cikin 2017 da 2019 bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNIOSUN Don and NYSC DG Inducted as Fellows of the Historical Society of Nigeria |url=https://www.uniosun.edu.ng/index.php/item/1755-uniosun-don-and-nysc-dg-inducted-as-fellows-of-the-historical-society-of-nigeria.html |website=Osun State University, Osogbo}}</ref><ref>https://www.uniosun.edu.ng/index.php/item/2124-uniosun-felicitates-prof-olukoya-ogen-on-his-induction-as-fellow-of-the-nigerian-academy-of-letters.html</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] mwuplul6dyw0ennmvc4hei28uz4wy1e 0 125214 968056 784458 2026-10-16T03:56:59Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Shop_bamako_posters_marche_fadjiguila.jpg|Shop_bamako_posters_marche_fadjiguila.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Shop bamako posters marche fadjiguila.jpg|]]. 968056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zanen bango na Musulunci''' nau'in rubutu ne na rubutu da mutanen da suka saba da Gabas ta Tsakiya ko Arewacin Afirka ke ƙirƙira, suna amfani da Larabci ko wasu harsuna don saƙonnin zamantakewa ko siyasa. Wannan nau'in fasaha ne da "masu fasaha, marubutan rubutu na rubutu, masu zane-zane da masu rubutu daga Gabas ta Tsakiya da ko'ina cikin duniya suka ƙirƙira waɗanda suka haɗa rubutun Larabci da fasahar rubutun rubutu na rubutu, fasahar titi da al'adun birane."<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Zoghbi|first1=Pascal|title=Arabic graffiti = Ghirāfītī ʻArabīyah|last2=Stone|last3=Hawley|first3=Joy|date=2013|publisher=From Here to Fame|isbn=978-3-937946-45-0|location=Berlin|oclc=818463305}}</ref> Wannan nau'in [[Art|fasaha]] yana ɗauke da jigogi na zamantakewa, kuma yana samun bayyana a fannoni daban-daban. Harsunan da aka fi amfani da su sune Ingilishi da Larabci. Kamar sauran nau'ikan fasaha, rubutu a bango na iya zama hanyar haifar da sauye-sauyen siyasa ko zamantakewa, ko kuma a matsayin hanyar bayyana kai. == Siyasar zamantakewa == === Fasahar sitika === Zane-zanen sitika yana nufin aikin saka hotuna ko jimloli don isar da saƙo. Wani aikin haɗin gwiwa mai suna "INSIN OUT: Artocracy in Tunisia" yana amfani da fasahar sitika don haɓaka ruhin dimokuradiyya a Tunisia bayan juyin juya hali. Kafin juyin juya halin, ana iya samun ɗaukar hoto na shugaban ƙasa kawai a cikin jama'a. Ƙungiyar masu ɗaukar hoto shida, tare da wani mai zane-zanen bango na Faransa mai suna JR, sun maye gurbin waɗannan hotunan da hotunan baƙi da fari na mutanen Tunisiya da ba a san su ba. Manufarsu ita ce su zaburar da mutanen Tunisiya su ga kansu a wani sabon yanayi. Ɗaya daga cikin masu ɗaukar hotunan ya ce: "Idan mutane suna son su rushe su, ko su rubuta wani abu a kansu, wannan wani ɓangare ne na aikin, to babu matsala."<ref>{{cite news|last=Ryan|first=Yasmine|title=Art challenges Tunisian revolutionaries|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/03/201132223217876176.html|access-date=9 June 2012|newspaper=Al Jazeera|date=26 March 2011|agency=Al Jazeera|language=en, ar}}</ref> === Mai juyewa === Juya hali yana nufin yin barkwanci ko yin barkwanci ga tallan siyasa. Gimbiya Hijab, wata mai zane a titi daga Paris, wacce ba a san ta ba, tana zana mayafin Musulmi a kan tallace-tallace a cikin jirgin ƙasa. Tana kiran wannan da "hijabi." Tun lokacin da aka aiwatar da "hana mata sanya burqa," inda aka hana mata sanya burqa a wuraren jama'a, fasaharta ta haifar da tambayoyi game da mata da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Ba a san ko Gimbiya Hijab Musulma ce ko ma mace ba. "Ainihin asalin da ke bayan Gimbiya Hijab ba shi da wani muhimmanci," an ambato ta. Ta hanyar wahayi daga littafin Naomi Klein mai suna No Logo, ta zana mayafinta na farko a shekarar 2006 a kan mawakin rap na Faransa Diam, wanda daga baya ya musulunta kuma yanzu yana sanya mayafi. Ana ɗaukar zane-zane a kan jirgin ƙasa a birnin Paris a matsayin ɓarna. Saboda haka, Gimbiya Hijab ta zama mai zaɓe sosai kuma tana zana tallace-tallace huɗu zuwa biyar kawai a shekara. Ta zaɓi haɗa mayafin da tallace-tallace saboda duka "ƙa'idodin da za a iya tambaya." Celik ta shahara saboda ɗimbin ayyukanta kan gine-ginen muhalli na Bahar Rum na zamani. Tana mai da hankali kan biranen Ottoman da Arewacin Afirka da kuma gine-gine. Kyautar Giorgio Levi della Vida don bambancin nazarin Musulunci, wacce Gustave E. Grunebaum, wanda ya kafa Cibiyar, ya ƙirƙira a shekarar 1967 don girmama rayuwa da aikin wannan malamin Bayahude ɗan Italiya, Cibiyar Nazarin Near Eastern ta UCLA ta ba Celik a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> === Fesa fenti === [[Fayil:I_am_a_Muslim_and_I_love_my_Christian_siblings.jpg|thumb|An rubuta wani zane a Alkahira "Ni Musulmi ne kuma ina son 'yan'uwana Kiristoci."]] An fara zane-zane a matsayin wani nau'in sadarwa a [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Falasdinu]] a shekarar 1987 a lokacin Intifada ta farko. Wannan lokaci ne da babu gidajen talabijin ko rediyo na Falasdinu a Zirin Gaza. Zane-zanen bango suna tunawa da shahidai tare da kiran masu zanga-zanga da su yi aiki. Sojojin Isra'ila za su tilasta wa Falasdinawa su wanke zane-zane daga gidajensu. Dome of the Rock ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin zane-zanen bango a Falasdinu. A shekarar 2006, [[Hamas]] ta karɓi wurin zane-zane. Hamas za ta ƙarfafa mutane su yi addu'o'i na farko na yini biyar ta hanyar zane-zanen titi. A halin yanzu, bangon [[Gaɓar Yamma|Yammacin Kogin Jordan]] an rufe shi da zane-zane. Ana iya samun saƙonni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da shawarwarin aure, bayanin kula ga abokai, da barkwanci. Haka kuma saƙonnin zaman lafiya sun zama ruwan dare. Wani ya karanta: "Madubi, madubi a bango. Yaushe wannan abu mara hankali zai faɗi?" "Ƙoƙarin tunanin wani abu mai haske tsakanin Falasdinu da Isra'ila," wani kuma. Saƙonni kamar waɗannan suna yaɗuwa a bango, kuma wasu masu zane-zanen zane za su zana saƙonku akan kuɗi. == Fitattun masu zane-zane na zane-zane == === Gabas ta Tsakiya === Daga [[Lebanon]], Yazan Halwani ya ƙirƙiro nau'in zane-zanensa bisa ga rubutun Larabci, siffofi da al'adu. Salon sa ya haɗa zane-zane da rubutun Larabci a kan manyan bango a [[Beirut]] . Halwani yana ganin cewa zane-zane a ƙasashen Larabawa da Beirut bai kamata su rikide zuwa wani nau'in ɓarna ba, don haka ya ce zane-zanensa suna ƙoƙarin daidaitawa da muhallinsu ba wai su saba da shi ba. Daga [[Tehran]], an yaba wa wani mai zane-zane mai suna " A1one (wanda aka fi sani da Tanha)" da ya fara harkar zane-zane a titunan zamani a [[Tehran]] da [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] . Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai zane a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 da zane-zanen cikin gida. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Yanzu shi mai zane ne na duniya, wanda aka san shi da fasahar zane-zane ta Larabci da Farisa da aka zana a ƙasashe daban-daban. A shekara ta 2003, ya fita waje ta hanyar fesa wani stencil mai girman 30x40cm a bangon jami'a don nuna "matsin lamba mara misaltuwa" a jami'ar wanda "aka jure shi cikin shiru." Duk da haka, dalilan da ke bayan fasaharsa ba zanga-zanga ba ne. Ya bayyana cewa fasaharsa kawai magana ce ta mutum: "Zane a kan titi yana kama da harafi: Yana tabbatar da cewa akwai marubuci." A cikin ƙasashen Larabawa, za a iya gano manyan fannoni uku masu ban sha'awa: Lebanon, yankunan Falasɗinu da ƙasashen Larabawa waɗanda suka shiga cikin guguwar Larabawa. A cikin waɗannan yankuna, an ɗauki rubutu a bango, ta hanyar jama'a da kafofin watsa labarai, a matsayin abin da ke daidaita al'umma. Bambancin addini da ƙabilanci na Lebanon da matsayinsa a kan hanyar da ke tsakanin tekun Bahar Rum da kuma duniyar Larabawa sun ba da gudummawa ga bayyanar da haɓaka al'adun matasa masu aiki kuma rubutu a bango wani ɓangare ne na shi. Na biyu, yankunan Falasɗinu wuri ne da rubutu a bango yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarfi na zanga-zanga kan abin da mazaunanta ke ɗauka a matsayin wani nau'in mulkin mallaka na zamani. A ƙarshe, mahimmancin zamantakewa na rubutu a bango da ayyukansa na yaƙi an nuna su kwanan nan ta kafofin watsa labarai na duniya, a cikin rahoton boren da aka yi a Tunisiya, Masar, Libya, Siriya da Sudan. Diab, mai zane a bango daga Sudan, ita ce mai zane a bango. Kafofin watsa labarai na bazarar Larabawa sun jawo hankali ga wani nau'in salon fasaha da siyasa da aka saba gani ga matasa a yankin MENA. === Turai === Bayan ya girma a birnin Paris a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 da farkon shekarun 1990, mai zane-zanen bango eL Seed ya sami kwarin gwiwa daga al'adun hip-hop. Tare da iyaye daga Temoula, [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]], ya bincika asalinsa na Arewacin Afirka ta hanyar koyon rubutun hannu. Kafin ya zama mai zane, ya yi digiri a fannin tallatawa da kasuwanci. Bayan ya yi abota da wani mai zane-zanen bango da aka sani da Hest1, ya fara haɗa ƙaunarsa ga zane-zanen bango da rubutun hannu. A yau, yana ƙirƙirar nunin faifai na kansa da kuma zane-zanen bango don yin aiki. Har ila yau, Niels Meulman (wanda aka fi sani da SHOE) ya haɗa da rubutun hannu da zane-zane, ya ƙirƙiro kalmar " calligraffiti ." An haife shi a Amsterdam, SHOE ya yi aiki a hukumomin talla kamar BBDO da tashar talabijin ta MTV . Gidan Tarihi na Metropolitan ya kira calligraffiti "sabon nau'in fasaha mai fashewa." <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gizgd48ui531vvwy9lykmg8uetldia5 3 125500 968160 754601 2026-10-16T10:07:52Z EmausBot 1782 Fixing double redirect from [[Tattaunawar user:Fróis]] to [[Tattaunawar user:ꯑ]] 968160 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:ꯑ]] 3q9erdkmd73ukcq82bv246q90fu2cwz 0 125838 968219 755628 2026-10-16T10:58:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Port Harcourt Poetry Festival | status = Active | genre = Poetry festival, spoken word | frequency = Annually | location = Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria | first = 2023 | website = https://phpoetryfestival.com/ }} '''Port Harcourt Poetry Festival''' wani bikin waka ne na shekara-shekara da kuma magana da magana da aka gudanar a Port Harcoort, Jihar Rivers, [[Najeriya]]. Bikin yana da wasan kwaikwayo, bita, tattaunawar panel, gasa, da sauran ayyukan wallafe-wallafen, da nufin inganta shayari, haɓaka mawaƙa masu tasowa, da kuma shiga cikin al'umma. == Tarihi == An kafa bikin ne a shekarar 2023 ta hannun mawakan waƙoƙin Najeriya da masu sha’awar adabi, domin samar da dandali ga mawaka da masu kirkirar ayyukan adabi su nuna ayyukansu tare da ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar kirkire-kirkire.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=2023 Port Harcourt Poetry Festival |url=https://af-nigeria.org/2023-port-harcourt-poetry-festival/ |access-date=12 December 2025 |website=Alliance Française Nigeria}}</ref> == Littattafai == === 2023 === An gudanar da bugu na farko daga ranakun 3 zuwa 5 ga watan Nuwamba, 2023, inda aka gudanar da tarurrukan horaswa, tattaunawar kwamitoci, da kuma gabatar da wasanni daga mawakan waƙoƙi na gida da na ƙasa baki ɗaya..<ref name=":0"/> === 2024 === An gudanar da bugu na biyu a Azny Place tare da taken "Bridging The Gap," gami da waƙoƙin waka, bita, da tattaunawar panel. Wadanda suka lashe gasar waka sun sami kyaututtuka na kuɗi da kuma karɓa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Port Harcourt Poetry Festival 2024 |url=https://www.portharcourtblog.com/2024/12/port-harcourt-poetry-festival-2024.html |access-date=12 December 2025 |website=Port Harcourt Blog |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260516134727/https://www.portharcourtblog.com/2024/12/port-harcourt-poetry-festival-2024.html |archive-date=16 May 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === 2025 === An gudanar da bugu na uku a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2025 a Cibiyar Ci gaban Ilimi, Waterlines, Port Harcourt, tare da taken "Beyond Boundaries.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Port Harcourt Poetry Festival 2024 |url=https://www.portharcourtblog.com/2024/12/port-harcourt-poetry-festival-2024.html |access-date=12 December 2025 |website=Port Harcourt Blog |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260516134727/https://www.portharcourtblog.com/2024/12/port-harcourt-poetry-festival-2024.html |archive-date=16 May 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ayyukan da aka gudanar sun haɗa da tarurrukan horaswa, zaman tattaunawar kwamitoci, gasar karatun waƙoƙi (poetry slam) ga ɗaliban makarantun sakandare, nuna fina-finai, da ƙaddamar da kundin waƙoƙi mai suna ''My Garden City'', wanda aka tattara daga gudummawar ɗaliban makarantun sakandare a faɗin Jihar Rivers. Fitattun masana adabi kamar Dr Kudo Eresia-Eke, Farfesa Obari Gomba, Umar Abubakar Sidi, Amu Nnadi, da Uzo Nwamara sun taka rawa wajen duba da tantance kundin waƙoƙin. == Ayyuka == Bikin yawanci ya haɗa da: * Ayyukan waka da nuna kalmomin magana * Tattaunawar da manyan darussan ga mawaƙa masu son * Tattaunawar panel kan batutuwa na wallafe-wallafen * Waƙoƙin gasa * Shirye-shiryen shiga cikin al'umma da shiga makaranta == Dubi kuma == * [[Bikin Littafin Port Harcourt]] * Jerin bukukuwan a Najeriya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} pnhqfkp6hb1zf3oa3drvxdmee90p7qd 0 126590 967838 963382 2026-10-15T12:21:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:MarkEsho.jpg|right|thumb|Mark Esho a Leicester Mercury Sports Awards a watan Janairun 2008.]] '''Mark Abayomi Esho''' MBE (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta alif 1962) ɗan kasuwa ne na Burtaniya. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma mai haɗin gwiwar Easy Internet Services Ltd da Easy Internet Solutions Lt. <ref name="Online pioneer">{{Cite web |title=Online pioneer |url=https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/online-pioneer/story-12044801-detail/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327222930/https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/online-pioneer/story-12044801-detail/story.html |archive-date=27 March 2014 |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=Online-Pioneer}}</ref> == Tarihi == An haifi Esho a Leicestershire a shekarar 1962. A lokacin da yake da shekaru biyar, ya kamu da cutar shan inna, ya bar shi gurgu daga wuyansa zuwa ƙasa.<ref name="I had to build people's trust without meeting them...">{{Cite web |last=Kitchener |first=Helen |title='I had to build people's trust without meeting them...' |url=https://www.easy-internet.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/markesho3.pdf |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=Build-Trust }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Da farko an ba shi damar rayuwa ta kashi 10 cikin dari, amma daga ƙarshe ya sami damar sake samun iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="About me">{{Cite web |last=Esho |first=Mark |title=About me |url=http://www.markesho.com/about-me/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=MarkEsho.com |ref=About-me |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819201544/http://www.markesho.com/about-me/ |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Esho ya koma [[Najeriya]] yana da shekaru takwas don fara makarantar al'ada, kafin ya koma Leicester yana da shekaru 18. Daga baya ya kammala MBA a Jami'ar De Montfort . <ref name="About me"/> == Ayyukan kasuwanci == Esho ya yi aiki na shekaru bakwai a Leicester a matsayin Manajan Sabis na Mosaic, ƙungiyar agaji ta gida.<ref name="Online pioneer"/> Saboda gajiya mai tsanani da cutar shan inna ta haifar tun yana yaro, ya yanke shawarar fara kasuwancin kansa maimakon ci gaba da aiki tara zuwa biyar.<ref name="I had to build people's trust without meeting them..."/> Esho ya fara Houses-Online a cikin 1999, shafin yanar gizon lissafin dukiya.<ref name="I had to build people's trust without meeting them..."/> Aikin ya ƙare ba da daɗewa ba, kuma Esho ya fara kasuwanci na biyu a cikin 2000 a ƙarƙashin sunan Rank4U. A lokacin yana ɗaya daga cikin kamfanoni huɗu kawai na inganta injin bincike a Burtaniya, kuma yana ba da sabis ga abokan ciniki ciki har da [[The Guardian]] da The Co-operative Group . <ref name="Online pioneer"/> A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Esho ta haɓaka kamfanoni biyu a lokaci guda: Easy Internet Services (bincike engine optimization, yanzu a ƙarƙashin sunan 123 Ranking) <ref name="Search Engine Optimisation">{{Cite web |title=Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) Leicester and Beyond |url=https://www.easy-internet.co.uk/search-engine-optimisation/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Easy Internet |ref=SEO}}</ref> da Easy Internet Solutions (daga baya Free Virtual Servers, daga baya FVS Hosting). <ref name="FVS">{{Cite web |title=What are the differences between Easy Internet Solutions, FreeVirtualServers, etc.? |url=http://help.freevirtualservers.com/index.php?/Knowledgebase/Article/View/187/4/what-are-the-differences-between-easy-internet-solutions-freevirtualservers-etc |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Free Virtual Servers |ref=FVS }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dukkanin kasuwancin sun kasance masu karɓar ma'aikata na nesa, kuma Esho ya kasance mai goyon bayan murya na software na sa ido na nesa ga ma'aikata.<ref name="Monitoring">{{Cite web |last=Pegden |first=Tom |date=22 October 2014 |title=Easy Internet Services and Solutions boss says monitoring software maintains productivity |url=http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/easy-internet-services-solutions-boss-says/story-23338337-detail/story.html |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=Monitoring |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025190304/http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Easy-Internet-Services-Solutions-boss-says/story-23338337-detail/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2020, Mark ya kafa Access Rating, kamfani na zamantakewa da kuma mai ba da shawara kan masu nakasa. An saki aikace-aikacen Access Rating a kan layi, yana bawa masu nakasa damar gabatar da sake dubawa don wuraren jama'a a duk faɗin Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}</ref> == Daraja da karbuwa == Esho ita ce ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta kasa don Kasuwanci a watan Satumbar 2012. <ref name="Disabed Entrepreneurs UK">{{Cite web |title=Interview: Mark Esho (Entrepreneur of Excellence: Race) |url=http://www.disabledentrepreneurs.co.uk/10/21/2012/interview-mark-esho/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Disabled Entrepreneurs UK |ref=DE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920051458/http://www.disabledentrepreneurs.co.uk/10/21/2012/interview-mark-esho/ |archive-date=20 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Disability Group">{{Cite web |title=Disability Role Models: Mark Esho |url=http://www.diversitygroup.co.uk/mark-esho/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Disability Group |ref=DG |archive-date=15 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815235758/http://www.diversitygroup.co.uk/mark-esho/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="FVS-12">{{Cite web |date=28 September 2012 |title=FVS Managing Director, Mark Esho, Wins at The National Diversity Awards 2012 |url=https://www.freevirtualservers.com/blog/fvs-managing-director-mark-esho-wins-the-national-diversity-awards-2012/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=FVS Hosting |ref=FVS-12}}</ref> Easy Internet ya ci gaba da tallafawa National Diversity Awards a Leeds a shekara mai zuwa. <ref name="DE Sponsor 2013">{{Cite web |title=Easy Internet Solutions Ltd Sponsors 2013 National Diversity Awards |url=http://www.disabledentrepreneurs.co.uk/08/14/2013/easy-internet-solutions-ltd-sponsors-2013-national-diversity-awards/1750/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Disabled Entrepreneurs |ref=DESponsor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920052242/http://www.disabledentrepreneurs.co.uk/08/14/2013/easy-internet-solutions-ltd-sponsors-2013-national-diversity-awards/1750/ |archive-date=20 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2012, ya gabatar da lambar yabo ta Matashi a 11th African and African Caribbean Achievement Awards. <ref name="AACAA">{{Cite web |last=Pollock |first=Sandra |title=11th African and African Caribbean Acheivement [sic] Awards |url=http://open-mind-training-development.co.uk/uncategorized/11th-african-and-african-caribbean-acheivement-awards/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Open Mind Training and Development |ref=AACAA |archive-date=19 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919081122/http://open-mind-training-development.co.uk/uncategorized/11th-african-and-african-caribbean-acheivement-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2013, an yi hira da Esho a gidan rediyo na BBC Leicester game da labarinsa da goyon bayan gwamnati ga masu neman aiki. <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=Dulcie |date=27 February 2013 |title=Paralysed with Polio, and bouncing back in business – Leicester |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p015n0lf |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=BBC Radio Leicester |ref=BBC}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2013, Esho ya sadu da Firayim Minista [[David Cameron]] kuma an nuna shi a matsayin binciken shari'a a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Gwamnatin nakasassu.<ref name="DWP">{{Cite web |title=One year on – breaking down the barriers to employment |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/360588/disability-confident-one-year-on.pdf |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Department for Work and Pensions |ref=DWP}}</ref><ref name="DWP2">{{Cite web |title=Disability Confident: downloadable and video case studies |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/disability-confident-case-studies/disability-confident-case-studies |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Department for Work and Pensions |ref=DWP2}}</ref><ref name="VIDEO">{{Cite web |date=18 July 2013 |title=Mark Esho talks about the skills disabled people bring to a job |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5iMxRhpGnk |access-date=6 July 2016 |publisher=Disability Confident |via=YouTube |ref=VIDEO}}</ref> Ci gaba da goyon bayan Esho ga ma'aikatan nakasassu da masu neman aiki a Burtaniya an kuma ambaci shi ta hanyar Babban Kasuwancin Gwamnati da Ministan Jiha na nakasassu a lokacin, Mike Penning.<ref name="Great Business">{{Cite web |title=A man who knows no barriers |url=http://www.greatbusiness.gov.uk/a-man-who-knows-no-barriers/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Great Business |ref=GB |archive-date=21 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221074539/http://www.greatbusiness.gov.uk/a-man-who-knows-no-barriers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="MP">{{Cite web |last=Penning |first=Mike |date=7 February 2014 |title=Columnist: Mike Penning MP |url=http://ablemagazine.co.uk/columnist-mike-penning-mp/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Able Magazine |ref=MP}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013, Esho ta kasance wani ɓangare na kwamitin yanke hukunci na Leicester Mercury's "Leicestershire's Young Business Executive of the Year Award".<ref name="DMU">{{Cite web |title=DMU graduate named Leicestershire's Young Business Executive of the Year |url=http://www.dmu.ac.uk/about-dmu/news/2013/november/dmu-graduate-named-leicestershires-young-business-executive-of-the-year.aspx |access-date=6 July 2016 |publisher=De Montfort University |ref=DMU |archive-date=9 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709032030/http://www.dmu.ac.uk/about-dmu/news/2013/november/dmu-graduate-named-leicestershires-young-business-executive-of-the-year.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2016, Easy Internet Solutions ya zama mai kula da Leicestershire Law Society . Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an zabi Esho a Cibiyar Daraktoci ta Gabashin Midlands Darakta na Shekara, wanda ya faru a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2016. <ref name="IoD">{{Cite web |title=IoD East Midlands Director of the Year Awards 2016 |url=http://www.iod.com/connecting/events/2016/june/dotya-emids-2016-m06061 |access-date=6 July 2016 |publisher=Institute of Directors |ref=IoD}}</ref> An ba shi takardar shaidar da aka yaba da ita sosai a cikin rukunin "Director of the Year SME - Small".<ref name="LMIoD">{{Cite web |last=Pegden |first=Tom |title=Institute of Directors Annual Awards: Leicestershire Winners |url=http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/institute-of-directors-annual-awards-leicestershire-winners/story-29465746-detail/story.html |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=LMIoD }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="EMBN">{{Cite web |title=Winners announced for IoD East Midlands 2016 awards |url=http://eastmidlandsbusinessnews.co.uk/winners-announced-for-iod-east-midlands-2016-awards/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=East Midlands Business News |ref=EMBN |archive-date=26 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126070923/http://eastmidlandsbusinessnews.co.uk/winners-announced-for-iod-east-midlands-2016-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2019, Mark ya lashe lambar yabo ta Cibiyar Darakta ta Gabashin Midlands ta Shekara don Haɗuwa, wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan karshe don kyaututtuka na kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}</ref> An nada Esho a matsayin [[Order of the British Empire|memba na Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) a cikin girmamawar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2022 don hidimomi ga kasuwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == A cikin 2018, littafin farko na Mark, 'I Can. I Will.' an buga shi ne ta hanyar Rethink Press.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}</ref> Littafin ya bayyana yadda ya kamu da cutar shan inna yana da shekaru biyar da kuma tasirin da yake da shi a rayuwarsa. Ya tattauna matsalolin da ya fuskanta wajen samun ilimi da kuma cin zarafin da ya sha a hannun mahaifinsa, kafin ya zama dan kasuwa mai cin nasara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}</ref> Esho ya rufe batutuwa kamar nuna bambanci da nakasa kuma ya ƙare kowane babi tare da tunani game da gwagwarmayarsa da darussan da ya koya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}</ref> An kaddamar da littafin Leicester a ranar Alhamis 27 ga Satumba 2018 a Kungiyar Fasaha ta Sarauniya Victoria a cikin yankin al'adu na birnin. Wakilan kasuwanci na cikin gida, Rotarians da abokai da dangi sun halarta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2018 |title=Bestselling Leicester Author Celebrates Launch of Chart-Topping Book |url=http://dluxe-magazine.co.uk/leicester-2/arts-in-leicester/bestselling-leicester-author-celebrates-launch-of-chart-topping-book-2/ |website=dluxe-magazine.co.uk}}</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ƙaddamar da London da aka shirya a Rotary HQ kuma jakadan Rotary polio Konnie Huq ya halarta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2018 |title=Konnie Huq: Why the world can defeat polio |url=https://www.rotarygbi.org/konnie-huq-why-the-world-can-defeat-polio/ |website=www.rotarygbi.org}}</ref> == Wasanni == Esho dan wasa ne mai ƙwazo kuma mai goyon bayan kungiyoyin wasanni na keken guragu.<ref name="I had to build people's trust without meeting them...2">{{Cite web |last=Kitchener |first=Helen |title='I had to build people's trust without meeting them...' |url=https://www.easy-internet.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/markesho3.pdf |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=Build-Trust |archive-date=21 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821165208/https://www.easy-internet.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/markesho3.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamfanin sa na Easy Internet Services ya dauki nauyin Leicester Cobras, kulob din kwando na keken guragu na gida da kuma sadaka, na shekaru da yawa.<ref name="I had to build people's trust without meeting them...2" /><ref name="Cobras2">{{Cite web |title=Information About Sponsorship |url=http://www.leicestercobras.org.uk/sponsors/sponsors/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Cobras Wheelchair Basketball Club |ref=Cobras |archive-date=4 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804021108/http://www.leicestercobras.org.uk/sponsors/sponsors/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Esho ta kuma shiga gasar tennis ta keken guragu da yawa. Ya shiga gasar farko ta Loughborough Wheelchair Tennis Open a Jami'ar Loughborgh a shekarar 2014, da kuma gasar farko ta Grantham Tennis Club a watan Agustan shekara ta 2015.<ref name="Lbro2">{{Cite web |last=Warrington |first=Pete |date=13 February 2014 |title=Lambert nets two titles at the inaugural Loughborough Wheelchair Tennis open |url=http://www.loughboroughecho.net/sport/other-sport/john-lambert-served-up-master-6702556 |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Loughborough Echo |ref=Lbro}}</ref><ref name="Grantham2">{{Cite web |title=TENNIS: Grantham club hosts first wheelchair tournament |url=http://www.granthamjournal.co.uk/sport/other-sport/tennis-grantham-club-hosts-first-wheelchair-tournament-1-6911974 |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Grantham Journal |ref=Grantham}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7w8mzf9gmes7c4fm4lkcl27if7yi1yp 0 127942 968053 761352 2026-10-16T03:36:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Nsiah-Asare''' jami'in lafiya ne [[Ghana|na ƙasar Ghana]], ƙwararre a fannin ilimi da kula da lafiya. Ya yi aiki a ɓangaren lafiya na ƙasar Ghana na tsawon kusan shekaru arba'in yana aiki a matakai daban-daban na gudanarwa. Ya kasance Darakta Janar na Hukumar Lafiya ta ƙasar Ghana . Shi memba ne na Jam'iyyar New Patriotic Party kuma ya kasance Mai Ba da Shawara ga Shugaban Ƙasa kan Lafiya ga [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1970-01-01 |title=Your efforts will not go in vain - Dr. Nsiah-Asare urges NPP faithfuls |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage//Your-efforts-will-not-go-in-vain-Dr-Nsiah-Asare-urges-NPP-faithfuls-1152653 |access-date=2021-02-08 |website=GhanaWeb. |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo's Advisor On Health Jabs NDC For Forming 11-Member Team To Combat COVID-19 |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/991154/akufo-addos-advisor-on-health-jabs-ndc-for-formin.html |access-date=2021-02-08 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Nsiah-Asare outlines population segments for COVID-19 vaccine roll-out |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/health/dr-nsiah-asare-outlines-population-segments-for-covid-19-vaccine-roll-out.html |access-date=2021-02-08 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Sana'a == Anthony Nsiah-Asare kafin nadinsa na yanzu ya yi aiki a fannin lafiya na tsawon shekaru 36 a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren likitan tiyata a Asibitin St Patrick da ke Offinso-Ashanti da Asibitin Koyarwa na Tamale . Babban jami'in gudanarwa na [[Asibitin Koyarwa na Komfo Anokye|Asibitin Komfo Anokye]] (KATH) wanda ya taɓa yin aiki a matsayin Babban Likitan Fiɗa a wannan asibitin. Tsakanin 1997 da 2001, Dr Nsiah-Asare ya yi aiki a matsayin malami na ɗan lokaci a fannin Asibitin Anatomy a [[Jami'ar Nazarin Ci Gaban|Jami'ar Nazarin Ci Gaba]] (UDS), Makarantar Kimiyyar Lafiya, [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]] . === Hukumar Lafiya ta Ghana === Shugaba [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya nada Dr Anthony Nsiah-Asare a matsayin Darakta Janar na Hukumar Lafiya ta Ghana daga ranar 1 ga Maris, 2017, inda ya maye gurbin Dr. Ebenezer Appiah-Denkyira wanda ya yi ritaya daga aiki. Ya mika ragamar mulki ga Dr. Patrick Aboagye a watan Nuwamba na 2019 kuma aka nada shi a matsayin Mai Ba Shugaban Kasa Shawara kan Lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1970-01-01 |title=Your efforts will not go in vain - Dr. Nsiah-Asare urges NPP faithfuls |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage//Your-efforts-will-not-go-in-vain-Dr-Nsiah-Asare-urges-NPP-faithfuls-1152653 |access-date=2021-02-08 |website=GhanaWeb. |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fhzajb2seniw57ufexl04j161rgobbj 0 128153 967919 795274 2026-10-15T18:04:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Notelist}}{{Databox}} Ministan-shugaban ([[Jamus]]: Ministerpräsident, mai suna [] i) shine [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]] a cikin goma sha uku daga cikin jihohin goma sha shida na Jamus.{{IPA|de|miˈnɪstɐpʁɛziˌdɛnt|pron}}{{IPA|de|miˈnɪstɐpʁɛziˌdɛnt|pron}}{{IPA|de|miˈnɪstɐpʁɛziˌdɛnt|pron}} {{Notelist}} == Matsayi da iko na kundin tsarin mulki == Kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulkin Jamus (Dokar Tushen) ta bayyana Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus a matsayin tarayyar, kowace jiha ta Jamus tana da ikon mallaka, iyakance ta Dokar Tushen kawai. Dokar Tushen ta ba jihohi cikakken hankali don ƙayyade tsarin jihohin su, kawai yana bayyana cewa kowace jiha ta Jamus dole ne ta zama jamhuriya ta zamantakewa da dimokuradiyya a ƙarƙashin mulkin doka (Mataki na 28.1). A aikace duk jihohin Jamus sun karɓi wani nau'i na tsarin majalisa na jamhuriya: Duk da wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin kundin tsarin mulki na kowane jiha, ministocin-shugabanni suna da ikon shugaban zartarwa (misali nadawa da korar mambobin majalisa ko bayyana jagororin siyasa na majalisa) da kuma ikon da ayyuka na shugaban kasa (misali ikon ba da gafartawa a madadin jihar da kuma yin wasu ayyukan bikin). Saboda haka, ikonsu da ayyukansu suna kama da na shugaban zartarwa, amma ya bambanta da tsarin shugaban kasa, ba a zabe su kai tsaye ba kuma sun dogara da amincewar majalisar dokokin jihar. Don haka, matsayin tsarin mulki na minista-shugaban ya bambanta da na shugaban kasar Jamus a matakin tarayya, wanda kawai ke da matsayin shugaban zartarwa, yayin da Shugaban Jamus ke yin karin iko da ayyuka na shugaban kasa na tarayya. Kodayake dukkan ministocin shugaban kasa goma sha shida suna da kusan matsayi iri ɗaya a jihohinsu, akwai kuma wasu muhimman bambance-bambance tsakanin tanadin kundin tsarin mulki na jihar game da shugaban kasa da gwamnati. Wannan ya fara ne da tsarin zabe: Majalisar dokokin jihar ce ke zabar dukkan ministocin shugabanni, amma yayin da a wasu jihohi ana buƙatar mafi rinjaye na mambobin majalisa don samun nasara, a wasu jihohin mafi rinjaye (mafi yawan kuri'un da aka jefa) ya isa. Haka kuma yake ga hanyoyin tunawa: A wasu jihohi, majalisa na iya jefa kuri'a ga mai rike da mukamin daga mukamin, yayin da a wasu jihohi majalisa dole ne ta zabi sabon mai rike da muhalli a lokaci guda (zaɓin gina rashin amincewa). A Bavaria, kundin tsarin mulki bai ba da izinin tunatar da ministan-shugaban ba. A cikin jihohi goma sha biyar, kundin tsarin mulki na jihar ya bayyana ministan-shugaban a matsayin shugaban majalisar ministoci, yana ba shi damar, don tantance jagororin siyasa na majalisar ministocin, amma wannan ba haka ba ne a Bremen, inda Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai kawai ke da fifiko na bikin akan sauran mambobin majalisar ministociya. Ikon ministan-shugaban kasa don tsara majalisar ministoci ya bambanta: Wasu jihohi suna ba da izini ga mai rike da mukamin cikakken hankali wajen nada ko korar ministocin ministoci, yayin da wasu ke sanya iyakoki. Tsarin mulki na Bremen bai baiwa Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai wani tasiri kai tsaye a kan abin da ke cikin majalisar ministoci ba. {| class="wikitable" !Jiha !Taken !Ƙofar zaɓe !Hanyar tunawa !Matsayi a cikin majalisa !Ikon tsara majalisar ministoci !Hakkin ba da gafara !Mafi ƙarancin shekaru !Sauran tanadi |- |Baden-Württemberg<ref>According to the Bremen state constitution, the Senate (the Bremen state government) includes two mayors, one of whom also holds the position of President of the Senate. The President of the Senate is the head of government (de facto), whose role corresponds to that of a minister-president in the other german states, while the other mayor is his or her deputy (Deputy President of the Senate). The title of mayor only refers to the functions of the two members of the Senate as heads of the administration of the city of Bremen (the city of Bremerhaven, which also belongs to the state, has its own local administration). Regardless, in informal contexts or in the media, the President of the Senate is often simply called 'mayor'. See {{Cite web |title=Bürgermeister Bremen - Das Amt |url=https://www.buergermeister.bremen.de/das-amt-1469 |access-date=13 January 2025 |website=www.buergermeister.bremen.de/}}</ref> |Minista-shugaban |Yawancin mambobi |kuri'a mai gina jiki na rashin amincewa |jagora ƙwarewa |iyakance (naɗa na majalisa wanda ke ƙarƙashin amincewar majalisa, majalisa ta jihar na iya tunatar da kowane ministoci tare da kashi biyu bisa uku) |eh ne |35 | |- |Jihar Bavaria mai 'yanci<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bayerische Verfassung |url=https://www.uni-augsburg.de/einrichtungen/gleichstellungsbeauftragte/downloads/bayerische_verfassung.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007165401/http://www.uni-augsburg.de/einrichtungen/gleichstellungsbeauftragte/downloads/bayerische_verfassung.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2011 |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Uni-augsburg.de}}</ref> |Minista-shugaban |mafi rinjaye mai sauƙi |babu |jagora ƙwarewa |iyakance (naɗa na ofisoshin da ke ƙarƙashin amincewar majalisa) |eh ne |40 | |- |[[Berlin]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verfassung von Berlin Vom 23. November 1995 |url=http://www.datenschutz.fu-berlin.de/dahlem/ressourcen/datenschutz-fordert/rechtliche-datenschutzforderungen/verfassung-berlin.pdf |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Datenschutz.fu-berlin.de |archive-date=23 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523200106/http://www.datenschutz.fu-berlin.de/dahlem/ressourcen/datenschutz-fordert/rechtliche-datenschutzforderungen/verfassung-berlin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Magajin gari mai mulki |mafi rinjaye mai sauƙi |kuri'ar rashin amincewa (idan majalisar dokokin jihar ba ta zabi sabon magajin gari mai mulki ba a cikin kwanaki 21, ana sake saka tsohon mai rike da mukamin ta atomatik) |jagora ƙwarewa |cike |babu (dukan majalisa) |18 (a zahiri) | |- |Brandenburg<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verfassung des Landes Brandenburg |url=https://bravors.brandenburg.de/de/gesetze-212792 |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Bravors.brandenburg.de}}</ref> |Minista-Shugaba |mafi yawan mambobi (ƙaddamarwa ta farko da ta biyu), da yawa (ƙaddar ta uku) |kuri'a mai gina jiki na rashin amincewa |jagora ƙwarewa |cike |eh ne |18 (a zahiri) | |- |Birnin Hanseatic na Bremen<ref>{{Cite web |title=Landesverfassung der Freien Hansestadt Bremen |url=https://www.bremische-buergerschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Informationsmaterial/LandesverfassungBremen_2016_web.pdf |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Bremische-buergerschaft.de}}</ref> |Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa da Magajin garin |mafi rinjaye mai sauƙi |kuri'a mai gina jiki na rashin amincewa |Gabatarwa na bikin |babu (majalisa ta zaba kuma ta kori dukkan mambobin majalisar ministoci) |babu (dukan majalisa) |18 |bazai zama memba na majalisar dokokin jihar ba |- |[[Hamburg]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Landesrecht - Justiz - Portal Hamburg |url=http://www.landesrecht-hamburg.de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod.psml?showdoccase=1&st=lr&doc.id=jlr-VerfHArahmen&doc.part=X&doc.origin=bs |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Landesrecht-hamburg.de}}</ref> |Magajin gari na farko da Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa |Yawancin mambobi |kuri'a mai gina jiki na rashin amincewa |jagora ƙwarewa |iyakance (naɗa na ofisoshin da ke ƙarƙashin amincewar majalisa) |babu (dukan majalisa) |18 |bazai zama memba na majalisar dokokin jihar ba |- |Hesse<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verfassung des Landes Hessen |url=http://starweb.hessen.de/cache/hessen/landtag/enquetekommissionverfassung/Hessische%20Verfassung.pdf |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Starweb.hessen.de |archive-date=31 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031095059/http://starweb.hessen.de/cache/hessen/landtag/enquetekommissionverfassung/Hessische%20Verfassung.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Minista-shugaban |Yawancin mambobi |kuri'ar rashin amincewa |jagora ƙwarewa |iyakance (kusa da mambobin majalisa dangane da amincewar majalisa) |eh ne |18 (a zahiri) |membobin gidaje masu daraja, waɗanda suka yi mulki a Jamus kafin 1918, ba su cancanci aiki ba |- |[[Lower Saxony|Ƙananan Saxony]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=VORIS Artikel 29 Verf ND - Landesnorm Niedersachsen - - Regierungsbildung - Niedersächsische Verfassung vom 19. Mai 1993 - gültig ab: 01.06.1993 |url=http://www.nds-voris.de/jportal/portal/t/13kl/page/bsvorisprod.psml/action/portlets.jw.MainAction?p1=10&eventSubmit_doNavigate=searchInSubtreeTOC&showdoccase=1&doc.hl=0&doc.id=jlr-VerfNDpArt29&doc.part=S&toc.poskey=#focuspoint |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Nds-voris.de |archive-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026064529/http://www.nds-voris.de/jportal/portal/t/13kl/page/bsvorisprod.psml/action/portlets.jw.MainAction?p1=10&eventSubmit_doNavigate=searchInSubtreeTOC&showdoccase=1&doc.hl=0&doc.id=jlr-VerfNDpArt29&doc.part=S&toc.poskey=#focuspoint |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Minista-shugaban |mafi yawan mambobi ko jam'i, idan majalisar dokokin jihar ba ta zabi minista-shugaban kasa a cikin kwanaki 21 kuma ba ta rushe kanta ba saboda haka |kuri'a mai gina jiki na rashin amincewa |jagora ƙwarewa |iyakance (naɗa na ofisoshin da ke ƙarƙashin amincewar majalisa) |eh ne |18 (a zahiri) | |- |Mecklenburg-Vorpommern<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verfassung Des Landes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |url=https://www.landtag-mv.de/fileadmin/media/Dokumente/Druckerzeugnisse/LT_Verfassung_01-2012.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201131420/https://www.landtag-mv.de/fileadmin/media/Dokumente/Druckerzeugnisse/LT_Verfassung_01-2012.pdf |archive-date=1 December 2017 |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Landtag-mv.de}}</ref> |Minista-shugaban |mafi yawan mambobi ko jam'i, idan majalisar dokokin jihar ba ta zabi minista-shugaban kasa a cikin kwanaki 28 kuma ba ta rushe kanta ba saboda haka |kuri'a mai gina jiki na rashin amincewa |jagora ƙwarewa |cike |eh ne |18 (a zahiri) | |- |Arewacin Rhine-Westphalia<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verfssung der North Rhine-Westphalia |url=https://www.krefeld.de/C1257478002CCFBA/html/48CCFE93623BD475C12574F10052F97F/$File/Verfassung_fuer_das_Land_NRW.pdf?OpenElement |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026064559/https://www.krefeld.de/C1257478002CCFBA/html/48CCFE93623BD475C12574F10052F97F/$File/Verfassung_fuer_das_Land_NRW.pdf?OpenElement |archive-date=26 October 2018 |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Krefeld.de |format=PDF}}</ref> |Minista-Shugaba |mafi yawan mambobi (ƙaddamarwa ta farko), mafi rinjaye mai sauƙi (ƙaddar ta biyu da ta uku), runoff (ƙaddara ta huɗu) |kuri'a mai gina jiki na rashin amincewa |jagora ƙwarewa |cike |eh ne |18 |dole ne ya zama memba na majalisar dokokin jihar |- |Rhineland-Palatinate<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verfassung für Rheinland-Pfalz |url=https://www.rlp.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Landesverfassung.pdf |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Rlp.de |archive-date=4 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004083458/https://www.rlp.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Landesverfassung.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Minista-shugaban |Yawancin mambobi |kuri'ar rashin amincewa |jagora ƙwarewa |cike |eh ne |18 (a zahiri) | |- |Saarland<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verfassung des Saarlandes (SVerf) vom 15. Dezember 1947 zuletzt geändert durch das Gesetz vom 13. Juli 2016 (Amtsbl. I S. 178) |url=https://www.landtag-saar.de/Dokumente/Gesetze/Verfassung%20des%20Saarlandes.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026064510/https://www.landtag-saar.de/Dokumente/Gesetze/Verfassung%20des%20Saarlandes.pdf |archive-date=26 October 2018 |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Landtag-saar.de}}</ref> |Minista-shugaban |Yawancin mambobi |kuri'ar rashin amincewa |jagora ƙwarewa |iyakance (naɗa na ofishin da korar da ke ƙarƙashin amincewar majalisa) |babu (dukan majalisa) |18 (a zahiri) | |- |Jihar Saxony mai 'yanci<ref>{{Cite web |title=REVOSax Landesrecht Sachsen : Verfassung |url=https://www.revosax.sachsen.de/vorschrift/3975-Verfassung |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322102635/https://www.revosax.sachsen.de/vorschrift/3975-Verfassung |archive-date=22 March 2019 |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Revosax.sachsen.de}}</ref> |Minista-shugaban |mafi yawan mambobi (ƙaddamarwa ta farko), mafi rinjaye mai sauƙi (bayan ƙaddamarwa) |kuri'a mai gina jiki na rashin amincewa |jagora ƙwarewa |cike |eh ne |18 (a zahiri) | |- |Saxony-Anhalt<ref>{{Cite web |title=Landesrecht Sachsen-Anhalt Verf ST - Landesnorm Sachsen-Anhalt - Gesamtausgabe - Verfassung des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt vom 16. Juli 1992 - gültig ab: 18.07.1992 |url=http://www.landesrecht.sachsen-anhalt.de/jportal/?quelle=jlink&query=Verf+ST&psml=bssahprod.psml&max=true&aiz=true |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Landesrecht.sachsen-anhalt.de}}</ref> |Minista-shugaban |mafi rinjaye na mambobi ko mafi rinjaye, idan majalisar dokokin jihar ba ta zabi minista-shugaban kasa a cikin kwanaki 14 kuma ba ta rushe kanta ba saboda haka |kuri'a mai gina jiki na rashin amincewa |jagora ƙwarewa |cike |eh ne |18 (a zahiri) | |- |Schleswig-Holstein<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gesetze-Rechtsprechung Schleswig-Holstein Verf SH 2014 - Landesnorm Schleswig-Holstein - Gesamtausgabe - Verfassung des Landes Schleswig-Holstein in der Fassung vom 2. Dezember 2014 - gültig ab: 11.12.2014 |url=http://www.gesetze-rechtsprechung.sh.juris.de/jportal/?quelle=jlink&query=Verf+SH&psml=bsshoprod.psml&max=true&aiz=true |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Gesetze-rechtsprechung.sh.juris.de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026064539/http://www.gesetze-rechtsprechung.sh.juris.de/jportal/?quelle=jlink&query=Verf+SH&psml=bsshoprod.psml&max=true&aiz=true |archive-date=26 October 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |Minista-shugaban |mafi yawan mambobi (ƙaddamarwa ta farko da ta biyu), da yawa (ƙaddar ta uku) |kuri'a mai gina jiki na rashin amincewa |jagora ƙwarewa |cike |eh ne |18 (a zahiri) | |- |Jihar 'Yanci ta Thuringia<ref>{{Cite web |title=Landesrecht TH Verf TH - Landesnorm Thüringen - Gesamtausgabe - Verfassung des Freistaats Thüringen vom 25. Oktober 1993 - gültig ab: 30.10.1993 |url=http://www.landtag.thueringen.de/landtag/gremien-und-rechtsgrundlagen/rechtsgrundlagen/landesverfassung/ |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Landtag.thueringen.de}}</ref> |Minista-shugaban |mafi yawan mambobi (ƙaddamarwa ta farko da ta biyu), da yawa (ƙaddar ta uku) |kuri'a mai gina jiki na rashin amincewa |jagora ƙwarewa |cike |eh ne |18 (a zahiri) | |} Ta hanyar matsayinsu a cikin ''Bundesrat'', ministocin-shugabanni na iya yin tasiri sosai a kan siyasar kasa a cikin tsarin tarayya. Tare da wasu ministocinsu, galibi suna wakiltar jiharsu a cikin ''Bundesrat'' (Majalisar Tarayyar Jamus). Kowace gwamnatin jihar tana da wakilci a cikin Bundesrat da wakilai uku zuwa shida, dangane da yawan jama'ar jihar. == Jerin masu rike da mukamai na yanzu == Mai rike da mukamin da ya fi dadewa shi ne Reiner Haseloff, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan-shugaban Saxony-Anhalt tun daga 19 ga Afrilu 2011. Olaf Lies, ministan-shugaban Lower Saxony (tun daga 20 ga Mayu 2025), shine mafi gajeren aiki. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" !State ! class="unsortable" |Portrait !Head of government{{Efn|All heads of government are styled "Minister-President" unless otherwise indicated.}}<br /><br />{{Small|Date of birth}} ! colspan="2" |Party !Took office !Time in office !Legislative session{{Efn|If the officeholder took office during the current legislative session after an extraordinary termination of office of his or her predecessor, the legislative period is given in italics.}} !Current cabinet |- |{{Flagicon|Baden-Württemberg}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Baden-Württemberg]] |[[Fayil:180913_Kretschmann_Hybrid_Faehre_01_(cropped).jpg|130x130px]] | data-sort-value="Kretschmann, Winfried" |Winfried Kretschmann<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1948|05|17}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}" | |Greens |12 May 2011 | 14 years, 235 days |15th<br /><br />16th<br /><br />17th |{{Nowrap|[[Third Kretschmann cabinet|Kretschmann III]]}}<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|Bavaria}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Bavaria]] |[[Fayil:2022-02-21_Dr._Markus_Soeder-2019.jpg|130x130px]] | data-sort-value="Söder, Markus" |Markus Söder<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1967|01|05}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Christian Social Union in Bavaria}}" | |CSU |16 March 2018 | 7 years, 292 days |''17th''<br /><br />18th<br /><br />19th |Söder III<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Christian Social Union in Bavaria}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Free Voters of Bavaria}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|Berlin}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Berlin]] |[[Fayil:2014-09-09_-_Kai_Wegner_MdB_-_7002.jpg|130x130px]] | data-sort-value="Wegner, Kai" |{{Small|[[Governing Mayor of Berlin|Governing Mayor]]}}<br /><br />Kai Wegner<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1972|09|15}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |CDU |27 April 2023 | 2 years, 250 days |''19th'' |Wegner<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|Brandenburg}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Brandenburg]] |[[Fayil:2017-03-19_Dietmar_Woidke_SPD_Parteitag_by_Olaf_Kosinsky-1.jpg|130x130px]] | data-sort-value="Woidke, Dietmar" |Dietmar Woidke<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1961|10|22}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |SPD |28 August 2013 | 12 years, 127 days |''5th''<br /><br />6th<br /><br />7th<br /><br />8th |Woidke IV<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|Bremen}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Bremen (state)|Bremen]] |[[Fayil:Bovenschulte,_Andreas_NEU-1.jpg|130x130px]] | data-sort-value="Bovenschulte, Andreas" |{{Small|[[List of mayors of Bremen|President of the Senate]]}}<br /><br />Andreas Bovenschulte<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1965|08|11}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |SPD |15 August 2019 | 6 years, 140 days |20th<br /><br />21st |Bovenschulte II<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|The Left (Germany)}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|Hamburg}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Hamburg]] |[[Fayil:2019-07-06_BeachVolleyball_Weltmeisterschaft_Hamburg_2019_StP_0538_LR10_by_Stepro.jpg|100x100px]] | data-sort-value="Tschentscher, Peter" |{{Small|[[List of mayors of Hamburg|First Mayor]]}}<br /><br />Peter Tschentscher<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1966|01|20}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |SPD |28 March 2018 | 7 years, 280 days |''21st''<br /><br />22nd<br /><br />23rd |Tschentscher III<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|Hesse}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Hesse]] |[[Fayil:Boris_Rhein_(Martin_Rulsch)_2013-02-26_2.jpg|130x130px]] | data-sort-value="Rhein, Boris" |Boris Rhein<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1972|01|02}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |CDU |31 May 2022 | 3 years, 216 days |''20th''<br /><br />21st |Rhein II<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|Lower Saxony}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Lower Saxony]] |[[Fayil:Lies_Olaf_(2012).jpg|130x130px]] | data-sort-value="Lies, Olaf" |Olaf Lies<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1967|5|8}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |SPD |20 May 2025 | 227 days |''19th'' |[[Lies cabinet|Lies]]<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|Mecklenburg-Vorpommern}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] |[[Fayil:Manuela_Schwesig_2.jpg|130x130px]] | data-sort-value="Schwesig, Manuela" |Manuela Schwesig<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1974|05|23}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |SPD |4 July 2017 | 8 years, 182 days |''7th''<br /><br />8th |Schwesig II<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|The Left (Germany)}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|North Rhine-Westphalia}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[North Rhine-Westphalia]] |[[Fayil:Eröffnung_ICE-Instandhaltungswerk_Köln-Nippes-9251_(cropped).jpg|106x106px]] | data-sort-value="Wüst, Hendrik" |Hendrik Wüst<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1975|07|19}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |CDU |27 October 2021 | 4 years, 67 days |''17th''<br /><br />18th |Wüst II<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|Rhineland-Palatinate}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Rhineland-Palatinate]] |[[Fayil:2024-10-24_Politik,_Ministerpräsidentenkonferenz_2024_Leipzig_STP_8056_by_Stepro.jpg|100x100px]] | data-sort-value="Schweitzer, Alexander" |Alexander Schweitzer<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1973|09|17}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |SPD |10 July 2024 | 1 year, 176 days |''18th'' |Schweitzer<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|Saarland}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Saarland]] |[[Fayil:2022-03-27_Wahlabend_Saarland_by_Sandro_Halank–061_(cropped).jpg|127x127px]] | data-sort-value="Rehlinger, Anke" |Anke Rehlinger<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1976|04|06}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |SPD |25 April 2022 | 3 years, 252 days |17th |Rehlinger<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|Saxony}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Saxony]] |[[Fayil:Michael_Kretschmer-v2_Pawel-Sosnowski_-_Querformat_(cropped).jpg|116x116px]] | data-sort-value="Kretschmer, Michael" |Michael Kretschmer<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1975|05|07}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |CDU |13 December 2017 | 8 years, 20 days |''6th''<br /><br />7th<br /><br />8th |Kretschmer III<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|Saxony-Anhalt}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Saxony-Anhalt]] |[[Fayil:Reiner_Haseloff_(Martin_Rulsch)_09.jpg|130x130px]] | data-sort-value="Haseloff, Reiner" |Reiner Haseloff<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1954|02|19}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |CDU |19 April 2011 | 14 years, 258 days |6th<br /><br />7th<br /><br />8th |Haseloff III<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|Schleswig-Holstein}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Schleswig-Holstein]] |[[Fayil:Daniel_Günther_(2017).jpg|130x130px]] | data-sort-value="Günther, Daniel" |Daniel Günther<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1973|07|24}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |CDU |28 June 2017 | 8 years, 188 days |19th<br /><br />20th |Günther II<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}}} |- |{{Flagicon|Thuringia}}<br /><br /><br /><br />[[Thuringia]] |[[Fayil:2024-12-12_Amtsübergabe_Staatskanzlei_Thüringen_by_Sandro_Halank–030.jpg|130x130px]] | data-sort-value="Voigt, Mario" |Mario Voigt<br /><br />{{Small|{{birth date and age|df=yes|1977|02|8}}}} | style="background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |CDU |12 December 2024 | 1 year, 21 days |8th |Voigt<br /><br />{{Color box|{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance}}}}{{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}}} |} == Wakilan == Ministocin-shugabanni sun nada memba daya na majalisar ministocin su a matsayin mataimakin su. A mafi yawan jihohi mataimakin ministan-shugaban yana da taken Mataimakin Ministan-shugaba (a Berlin Mayor, a Bremen Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai da kuma a Hamburg Mayor na biyu). A wasu jihohi, kundin tsarin mulki na jihar ya ba da izinin zabar mataimakin fiye da ɗaya. Ana amfani da wannan zaɓi a wasu lokuta a cikin gwamnatocin hadin gwiwa tare da jam'iyyun sama da biyu, kodayake a wannan yanayin yawanci ana kafa matsayi tsakanin mataimakan (mutumin minster-shugaban farko da na biyu ko, a Bavaria, ''''mataimakin minista-shugaban'''' da ƙarin mataimakin mataimakin shugaban). Berlin lamari ne na musamman, kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulki na jihar ke buƙatar nadin wakilai biyu daidai. Ayyukansu da ayyukansu sun yi kama da na mataimakin shugaban Jamus a matakin tarayya. Mafi mahimmanci, mataimakin minista-shugaban (ko daidai) na ɗan lokaci yana aiki a matsayin Minista-shugaba idan mai rike da mukamin ya mutu ko rashin iyawa har zuwa ƙarshen rashin iyawa ko zaben magaji ta majalisar dokokin jihar. Wani bambanci ga wannan shine ka'idoji a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin jihar Bavaria (Art. 44.3), wanda ya sanya mataimakin minista-shugaban (don harkokin cikin gida) da Shugaban Landtag (don wakilcin waje) a matsayin masu maye gurbin. Ministocin da suka yi murabus galibi suna ci gaba da zama a ofis a matsayin ministocin mukaddashin (ko daidai) da kansu har sai an zabi magaji. Wannan duk da haka ba haka ba ne, idan dalilin murabus din wani nau'i ne na tsarin mulki, shari'a ko rashin jituwa na gargajiya tare da ofis, wanda mai rike da mukamin ya shiga: Dokar asali ta haramta Shugaban Jamus daga rike mukamin a cikin gwamnatin jihar a lokaci guda (Art. 55.1). Dangane da Dokar Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Tarayya, haka ya shafi alƙalai a Kotun Tsarin mulki ta Tarayya (§ 3.3). Ba a haramta zama memba a lokaci guda a cikin Bundestag ko gwamnatin tarayya ga minista-shugaban kasa (ko wasu mambobin gwamnatin jiha) a karkashin dokar tarayya, amma a wasu jihohi (misali Arewacin Rhine-Westphalia) kundin tsarin mulki na jihar ya haramta shi kuma gabaɗaya ba ya cikin al'adar siyasa. Sabili da haka, masu rike da mukamai da aka zaba ko aka nada su a irin wannan mukamin yawanci suna yin murabus kuma suna guje wa ci gaba da rike mukamin minista-shugaban a kan wani mataki, suna barin wannan rawar ga mataimakin su.<ref>According to the Bremen state constitution, the Senate (the Bremen state government) includes two mayors, one of whom also holds the position of President of the Senate. The President of the Senate is the head of government (de facto), whose role corresponds to that of a minister-president in the other german states, while the other mayor is his or her deputy (Deputy President of the Senate). The title of mayor only refers to the functions of the two members of the Senate as heads of the administration of the city of Bremen (the city of Bremerhaven, which also belongs to the state, has its own local administration). Regardless, in informal contexts or in the media, the President of the Senate is often simply called 'mayor'. See {{Cite web |title=Bürgermeister Bremen - Das Amt |url=https://www.buergermeister.bremen.de/das-amt-1469 |access-date=13 January 2025 |website=www.buergermeister.bremen.de/}}</ref> Yawancin lokaci, irin wannan cikakken maye gurbin na tsawon kwanaki ko ma 'yan sa'o'i, amma kuma akwai lokuta da irin waɗannan Ministocin-shugabanni suka kasance a ofis na dogon lokaci saboda zaben sabon mai mulki na yau da kullun ya kasance da wahala; wannan ya faru misali a Schleswig-Holstein a cikin 1987/88: Zaben jihar a ranar 13 ga Satumba 1987 ya haifar da rikici tsakanin ƙungiyar tsakiya ta CDU da FDP, wanda ya goyi bayan Uwe Barschel mai mulki, da jam'iyyun tsakiya na SPD da SSWats 37. Saboda rashin ƙarfi na sakamakon zaben ga CDU kuma sama da duk batun Barschel, abin kunya ne na cin hanci da rashawa, Barschel ya bayyana murabus dinsa daga 2 ga Oktoba kuma ya mutu bayan 'yan kwanaki a wani otal a [[Geneva]] a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba a bayyana shi ba har zuwa yau. A sakamakon haka, mataimakin tsohon Henning Schwarz ya zama ''mukaddashin Minista-shugaban''. Kokarin zabar sabon Minista-shugaban majalisa a majalisar dokokin jihar ya gaza saboda matsalar, don haka majalisar ta rushe kanta kuma an gudanar da zaben jihar a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1988. SPD ta fito ne daga wadannan tare da mafi yawan kujeru kuma an zabi babban dan takarar sa Björn Engholm a matsayin Minista-shugaban a ranar 31 ga Mayu. Schwarz ya rike mukamin Minista-Shugaban kwanaki 242. * Fritz Schäffer, Ministan-Shugaba na Bavaria (1945) * Karl Geiler, Ministan-Shugaba na Hesse (1945-1946) * Heinrich Welsch, Minista-Shugaba na Saarland (1955-1956) == Dubi kuma == * Minista mai kula da (Prussia) == Manazarta == <references /> hp5vnnji44m3dyugydepb4yg9v587in 0 130765 967837 795136 2026-10-15T12:07:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967837 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Sign_PIC_Amsterdam_1.jpg|thumb|An fi sanin Major da kafa Cibiyar Ba da Bayani Kan Karuwanci (PIC). Alamarta tana ɗauke da: "Cibiyar karatu, bayanai da ayyukan kare haƙƙin ma'aikatan jima'i (da kuma kofi mai kyau...)"]] '''Mariska Majoor''' ( Hilversum, 2 ga Nuwamba 1968 <ref name="Wallenwinkelbio">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=De Wallenwinkel - bio |url=https://www.dewallenwinkel.nl/bio.html |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=De Wallenwinkel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108012202/https://www.dewallenwinkel.nl/bio.html |archive-date=8 November 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{Sfn|Kok|2006}} ) marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Holland, mai tallata jama'a, mai jawabi, ɗan kasuwa, kuma tsohuwar mai aikin jima'i . {{Sfn|Kok|2006}} Ta kafa Cibiyar Bayar da Bayani Kan Karuwanci (1994) da [[PROUD (labour union)|ƙungiyar ma'aikata PROUD]] (2015) a [[Amsterdam]] don tallafawa (sabbin) ma'aikatan jima'i da kuma sanar da masu wucewa/masu yawon buɗe ido da kuma jama'a gabaɗaya, amsa tambayoyi da kuma kawar da ra'ayoyin da ba daidai ba game da duk abin da ya shafi [[Ayyukan jima'i|aikin jima'i]] . Major yana ba da laccoci da gabatarwa kan aikin jima'i, kuma ya rubuta littattafai da dama ciki har da ''Als sex werken wordt'' (1999; Turanci ''Lokacin da Jima'i Ya Zama Aiki'', 2016), {{Sfn|Kok|2006}} ''United Under a Red Umbrella: Sex Work Around the World'' (2018), da ''Amsterdam Red Light District: The future of our past'' (2023). A cikin 2017, Magajin Garin Amsterdam ya ba Mariska Majoor sarautar girmamawa saboda gudummawarta ga haƙƙin ma'aikatan jima'i a Netherlands. <ref name="PIC History">{{Cite web |date= |title=History {{!}} PIC Amsterdam |url=https://pic-amsterdam.com/history/ |access-date=16 February 2024 |website=pic-amsterdam.com |archive-date=16 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216085631/https://pic-amsterdam.com/history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Ma'aikacin jima'i === An haifi Mariska Majoor a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 1968 a Hilversum, kuma ta girma a Laren, Arewacin Holland . <ref name="Wallenwinkelbio"/> A cewarta, ta sami tarbiyya mai kariya [[Cocin katolika|daga Katolika]] wanda ba a ba ta izinin yin wasu abubuwa ba kwata-kwata. <ref name="van Royen">{{Cite web |last=Ton van Royen |date=1994 |title=Lijn 5 interview met Mariska Majoor |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yom-PwnU3fY |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[AT5|Lijn 5]]}}</ref> : 23:30 A lokacin da take 'yar shekara 16, Majoor ta gudu daga gida ta bar makaranta. <ref name="Wallenwinkelbio" /> Ta zaɓi aikin karuwanci da son rai ba da daɗewa ba. {{Sfn|Kok|2006}} Tun daga baya, ta fara "ba tare da son rai ba", saboda "dalilin wauta" domin tana buƙatar kuɗi cikin gaggawa don wani abu, kodayake ba ta taɓa yin nadama ba. <ref name="van Royen" /> : 13:04 Ta ce a shekarar 1994, ta ba da labarin cewa ta "yi nishaɗi sosai, kuma ta fuskanci wasu abubuwa marasa daɗi", musamman game da kyamar jama'a da kuma mummunan yanayin aiki saboda har yanzu sana'a ce da ba ta bisa doka ba. <ref name="van Royen" /> : 23:17 Duk da haka, ta yi tunanin lokacin da ta fi dacewa shi ne lokacin da take bayan taga kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a wani gida mai zaman kansa saboda abin yana da 'ban sha'awa': 'Kana jin daɗi da abokan aikinka, wanda hakan abin sirri ne. Kana da wani yanayi na iko lokacin da kake kusan shiga cikin jakinka a bayan taga kuma duk duniya za ta iya ganinka. (...) Yana da wuya a bayyana.' <ref name="van Royen" /> : 23:38 Lokacin da ta yanke shawarar yin murabus, ba ta sami wasu ayyukan da take so ba: 'Na yi ayyuka marasa kyau iri-iri: tsaftacewa, yin kofi. Amma yin aiki a matsayin shugaba, da babban bakina mai wayo, ba nawa ba ne.' Bayan shekaru biyar, ta haɗa shirye-shiryenta na kasuwancinta da iliminta da gogewarta game da aikin jima'i. {{Sfn|Kok|2006}} Daga 1992, ta buga mujallar Turanci-Dutch mai harsuna biyu ''Pleasure Guide: mujallar informatief over het betaalde liefdesleven'' ("mujallar informative on the payed love life"), wanda ''NRC Handelsblad'' ta yi mata hira a watan Agusta na wannan shekarar. [ <ref name="Enklaar" /> Majoor yana son fitar da karuwanci 'daga wannan kusurwar la'ana ta har abada', ya sanar da abokan ciniki da masu yawon buɗe ido game da ɗabi'u da dokoki da suka yi fice, kuma ya ba abokan ciniki shawarwari masu amfani kan abin da za a iya yi da abin da ba za a iya yi ba: 'Na san yadda abokin ciniki da karuwa ke hulɗa da juna, kuma zai iya zama mafi kyau. Dole ne a yi wani abu game da hakan.' <ref name="Enklaar" /> Ta kuma lura cewa saboda [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|'yancin mata]], karuwai da yawa suna zama masu zaman kansu maimakon (har yanzu) neman kwangilolin aiki tare da masu aikin karuwai : 'Mata sun fara yin zaɓin kansu, haka nan karuwai. Sun zama 'yan kasuwa masu zaman kansu.' <ref name="Enklaar" /> Da farko, ''Jagorar Jin Daɗi'' ta dogara ne akan kuɗin shiga na talla, shi ya sa da farko Majoor ba ta rubuta game da ƙungiyoyin da ta ga sun cancanci wasu suka ba; za a buga muƙaloli masu suka da zarar an ɗauki mujallar da muhimmanci. <ref name="Enklaar" /> === Cibiyar Ba da Bayani Kan Karuwanci === [[Fayil:The_Oude_Church_and_a_red_light_in_De_Wallen.jpg|thumb|Enge Kerksteeg da Tsohon Cocin a Amsterdam, tare da Mariska Majoor's Prostitution Information Center (PIC) Praathuys 'in de ouwehoer' a kusurwa]] A watan Agusta na shekarar 1994, Majoor ya kafa Cibiyar Bayar da Bayanai kan Karuwanci a De Wallen, gundumar ja ta Amsterdam. <ref name="PIC History"/> A ƙarshen watan Janairu na shekarar 1995, Majoor ya ƙaddamar da kwas na farko a Netherlands ga mata da maza waɗanda ke son zama karuwai, ko kuma waɗanda suka riga suka fara aiki a harkar jima'i kuma suna son ƙarin koyo. <ref name="van Royen"/> : 7:16 Majroor ya shaida wa ''Trouw'' game da kwas ɗin: 'Ina ƙaddamar da wannan ne saboda sau da yawa a cikin sana'ar za ka ji mutane suna cewa karuwanci sana'a ce ta gaske (...); to, to ya kamata a sami shirin ilimi a gare shi ma. Domin akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a koya game da su.' <ref name="Hageman" /> Ga guilders 250, mahalarta sun sami bayani daga Majoor, sauran (tsoffin) masu aikin jima'i, masana ilimin jima'i da sauran ƙwararru kan tarihin karuwanci, irin nau'ikan ayyukan jima'i da ake da su, lafiya, kuɗi suna da mahimmanci da jin daɗin mutum a cikin rabin kwanaki shida da aka raba a cikin makonni shida. <ref name="Hageman" /> <ref name="van Royen" /> : 10:40 Da kowanne ɗalibi, Majroor ya fara gudanar da hirar shiga makaranta don ya tambayi dalilin da yasa take son yin aikin jima'i da kuma ko dalili ne mai kyau ko a'a; baya ga samun kuɗi, dole ne mutumin ya so aikin. <ref name="van Royen" /> : 8:08 Ta ga yana da mahimmanci ta yi zaɓi mai kyau ga wannan sana'a, ba wai ta ƙare a can daga wani yanayi mai wahala ba, kamar basussuka ko jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi. <ref name="van Royen" /> : 9:25 A ranar 9 ga Yuli 1995, Majoor ya ɗauki matakin barin mata masu aikin karuwanci maza 16 su yi aiki a bayan tagogi a gundumar ja-light a matsayin gwaji. Akwai martani mai kyau da mara kyau ga wannan shiri; duk da haka, saboda ya jawo hankalin ma'aikatan kyamara da yawa kuma ya haifar da hayaniya tsakanin mata masu aikin karuwanci a wuraren da ke kusa, dole ne a dakatar da gwajin da wuri. Tsawon shekaru, PIC ta yi aiki a lokaci guda a matsayin teburin bayanai, shagon gundumar ja-haske (gami da kayan wasan jima'i, littattafai da ƙasidu daga Majoor kan tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da aikin jima'i), ɗakin karatu, ƙaramin gidan tarihi da kuma gidan adana kayan fasaha. {{Sfn|Mattson|2016}} Majroor ta yi magana da manema labarai a can, ta amsa tambayoyi daga masu wucewa, kuma ta yi rangadin gundumar ja-haske. {{Sfn|Mattson|2016}} Saboda wata ma'aikaciyar jima'i daga [[Hague|The Hague]] ta zo wurinta tana neman ƙarin bayani a cikin littafin, wanda, duk da haka, ba ta samu ba, ita da kanta ta rubuta littafin ''Als sex werken wordt'' ( ''Lokacin da Jima'i Ya Zama Aiki'' ) a 1999, tare da shawarwari masu amfani da jerin abubuwan da aka lissafa kamar 'Yaushe saurayinki ya fara kama da mai lalata' da 'dalilai 10 na yin/kada ki yi'. [[Fayil:Beeldje_Belle_01.jpg|thumb|Mutum-mutumin ''Belle'' . An sanya kambin fure a ranar duniya ta kawo karshen cin zarafin mata (kowace shekara a ranar 17 ga Disamba, a nan hoton a shekarar 2018).]] [[Fayil:Plaquette_Belle_1.jpg|thumb|Allon da aka yi wa ''Belle'' : "Mu girmama masu yin jima'i a duk faɗin duniya, Els Rijerse 2007, wanda Mariska Majoor, Cibiyar Ba da Bayani kan Karuwanci (PIC), Amsterdam ta ba da umarni".]] Majroor ta goyi bayan soke dokar hana karuwai a Holland a shekarar 2000 kuma ta dauke ta a matsayin "mataki mai ma'ana" wajen kawar da aikata laifukan jima'i . <ref name="Duimers" /> Amma ta yi shakku game da yadda ake aiwatar da ita: 'Gwamnati da masu gidajen karuwai suna shelanta cikin sauƙi cewa doka ta shafi karuwai ne, amma idan ka duba a aikace, suna da wasu muhimman abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci.' Ta nuna cewa masu gidajen karuwai suna biyan haraji tun daga shekarun 1950, amma yanzu ne kawai ake aiwatar da wannan doka, sai aka fara kai hari kan duk wani nau'in karuwanci wanda ba a halatta ba tukuna (da nufin yaki [[Safarar Mutane|da fataucin mutane]], wanda kowa ya yarda da shi a ka'ida, amma ba hanyar da ake aiwatar da ita ba) kuma sabuwar manufar ta yi kama da an aiwatar da ita ba tare da son rai ba. <ref name="Duimers" /> Duk da haka, Majroor ta rubuta sabuwar takardar haraji ga masu gidajen karuwai waɗanda ke son bin sabuwar dokar amma ba su san yadda za su yi ba. <ref name="Duimers" /> Bayan da aka ɗage haramcin karuwai a shekara ta 2000, gwamnati ta daina ba da tallafi ga ƙungiyoyi da dama da ke aiki don muradun masu karuwanci, ciki har da Mr. A. de Graafstichting (1960–2005) da kuma gidauniyar The Red Thread (De Rode Draad), waɗanda suka fuskanci matsalolin kuɗi sakamakon haka. {{Sfn|Mattson|2016}} A watan Disamba na 2005, Majoor ta bayyana a tashar talabijin ta Netherlands 3 a shirin tattaunawa na ''Woestijnruiters'' (wanda ya gabaci ''Pauw &amp;amp; Witteman'' ), inda ta shiga tattaunawa da Karina Schaapman, wata tsohuwar ma'aikaciyar karuwanci wacce - ba kamar Majoor ba - ta ƙi cinikin tun daga lokacin. An gudanar da ranar buɗewa a gundumar De Wallen sau da yawa tun daga shekarar 2006. A ranar buɗewa ta 31 ga Maris 2007, a karo na biyu bisa ga shirin Mariska Majoor, karuwai maza suna bayan tagogi don yin jima'i da mata ko maza a madadin biyan kuɗi. A wannan rana, bisa ga shirinta, an kuma buɗe wani mutum-mutumi na tagulla mai suna ''Belle'' ta mai zane Els Rijerse a kan Oudekerksplein a matsayin girmamawa ga ma'aikatan jima'i. <ref name="Wallen 2007" /> Duk da haka, a cikin 2007, ofishin magajin garin Amsterdam {{Efn|[[Municipal executive]], Dutch: ''college van burgemeester en wethouders''. See [[Government of Amsterdam]] for more information.}} ) ya ƙaddamar da wani kamfen mai suna Platform 1012, wanda ke da nufin siyan wasu gidajen karuwai na tagogi da maye gurbinsu da shagunan kayan kwalliya da fasaha. {{Sfn|Mattson|2016}} Bayan sukar tallata gundumar De Wallen a gidan yanar gizon yawon buɗe ido na gwamnati, an cire waɗannan shafukan yanar gizo, kuma a cikin 2008 ofishin magajin gari ya yi alƙawarin cire duk wani karuwanci na tagogi da Cibiyar Ba da Bayani kan Karuwai ta Majroor da ke kewaye da Oude Kerk. {{Sfn|Mattson|2016}} Duk da haka, saboda ofishin magajin gari ya kira dukkan unguwannin da duk kasuwancin da ke wurin a matsayin "masu laifi" ko "masu aikata laifuka", hanyar ta koma baya kuma masu aikin tagogi da abin ya shafa, masu shagon kofi da sauran 'yan kasuwa na unguwa sun yi adawa da ita tare. A shekarar 2012, wata kungiya mai suna The Red Thread (De Rode Draad) ta fatara. {{Sfn|Mattson|2016}} A martanin da ta mayar, Majoor ta kafa sabuwar kungiyar ma'aikatan jima'i [[PROUD (labour union)|PROUD]] a matsayin magajinta a shekarar 2015. Sekswerk Nederland (SWN, "Sex Work Netherlands", mai aiki daga 2014–2015), wata kungiyar bincike ta kuma kafa ta Yvette Luhrs, ta fara aiki da PROUD, daga baya kuma ta hade a cikinta (Luhrs daga baya ya maye gurbin Majoor a matsayin shugabanta). A matsayinsa na shugaban PROUD, Majoor ya jagoranci wani babban zanga-zanga na daruruwan ma'aikatan jima'i a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2015, inda ya nuna rashin amincewa da shirin ofishin magajin garin Amsterdam na rufe tagogi da dama a gundumar De Wallen mai haske, ba tare da tuntubar masu aikin jima'i da abin ya shafa ba. <ref name="Bockma">{{Cite web |last=Harmen Bockma |date=10 April 2015 |title=Prostituees protesteren tegen sluiting ramen op de Wallen |url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/prostituees-protesteren-tegen-sluiting-ramen-op-de-wallen~b81488ca/ |access-date=17 December 2023 |website=de Volkskrant}}</ref> Ta shaida wa kamfanin dillancin labarai na Associated Press cewa: '[[ofishin magajin gari na Amsterdam] sun ce suna son samun ƙarin iko a kan masana'antar jima'i saboda galibi yana da alaƙa da fataucin mutane da cin zarafi, amma a ra'ayinmu suna amfani da hakan a matsayin uzuri kawai ga aikin gentrification .' : 0:55  === Ƙarin aiki da fafutuka === A shekarar 2016, an gano cewa Majoor tana da cutar lymphoma, wanda hakan ya tilasta mata yanke shawara mai wahala ta bar gundumar ja bayan fiye da shekaru 30. A watan Afrilun 2017, magajin garin Amsterdam ya karrama ta a matsayin jarumi a cikin Order of Orange-Nassau saboda shekaru da yawa na bayar da bayanai kan karuwanci da kuma kare hakkin masu lalata. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu, ta riga ta kafa wani sabon kamfani mai suna Koekje uit Amsterdam (" Biscuit daga Amsterdam"), tana kai akwatunan biskit da kekuna zuwa ga kasuwancin abinci a fadin Amsterdam. Da farko bai yi nasara ba, wani ɓangare saboda Majoor ba ta da lafiya a jiki, kuma dole ne ta yi gwaje-gwaje da yawa na likita. A kaka ta 2017, Majroor da 'yarta Robin sun yi tafiye-tafiye 13 zuwa ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya don saduwa da masu aikin jima'i da tattara labaransu, waɗanda suka tattara a cikin ''United Under A Red Umbrella: Aikin jima'i a duk faɗin duniya'' (2018), wanda Robin ya ɗauki hoton. A cikin littafin, sun bayyana manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin yadda ake kallon aikin jima'i a duk faɗin duniya (tare da matakai daban-daban na ƙyama ), a cikin wane yanayi ne aikin ke faruwa da kuma yadda yake da aminci, amma waɗanda aka yi hira da su (ciki har da masu aikin jima'i maza, waɗanda, a cewar Majoor, dole ne su yi yaƙi "sau biyu" don karɓuwa) suna da sha'awar "yin magana da wanda ya fito daga sana'ar da kansu. Wannan gwagwarmayar tana haifar da haɗin kai." <ref name="Pen" /> Daga nan aka gano Majroor tana da ciwon daji na ciki a ƙarshen 2018, wanda ya tilasta mata yin jiyya mai tsauri, kuma Robin ta yi ta yawo a cikin birni tana isar da umarni duk lokacin da mahaifiyarta ta yi rashin lafiya sosai. <ref name="Rijnierse" /> [[Fayil:PIC_Amsterdam_2.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Ba da Bayani Kan Karuwanci (PIC) kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2023]] Lokacin da aka rufe [[Masana'antar karɓar baƙi|horeca]] a shekarar 2020 saboda [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]], kuma Koekje uit Amsterdam ta makale ba tare da abokan ciniki ba, Majoor ta bayar da akwatuna da yawa ga matsugunan marasa gidaje, waɗanda ta riga ta kasance cikin haɗin kai tsawon shekaru. Bayan annobar, kasuwancinta na biskit ya bunƙasa kuma ya zama mai samar da kayayyaki ga wasu fitattun kamfanonin otal-otal da abinci na Amsterdam. <ref name="Rijnierse" /> A watan Oktoba na 2023, Majoor ta fara zanga-zangar adawa da shirin gwamnatin Amsterdam na mayar da gidajen karuwai na tagogi zuwa cibiyar batsa; ta miƙa wa magajin gari Manifesto for the Preservation of the Amsterdam Wallen. == Ayyuka == === Mujallu === * ''Jagorar Jin Dadi: Mujallar bayanai akan het betaalde liefdesleven'' (daga 1992). Turanci/Yaren mutanen Holland. Bayani da ilimi ga masu yawon bude ido da abokan ciniki. * ''De Rode Lantaarn'' (daga 2005). Mujallar don cinikin jima'i. === Littattafai === * ''Als sex werken wordt'' (1999). Daga baya bugu: ''Als seks werken wordt: Alles wat iedereen zou moeten weten over sekswerk'' . ** Bugun Turanci: ''Lokacin da Jima'i Ya Zama Aiki'' (2016). * ''10 jaar PIC: in overzicht. Karuwa Informatie Centrum 1994–2004'' . (2004) * (tare da Robin Haurissa, marubuciyar ƙungiyar) ''United Under A Red Umbrella: Aikin jima'i a faɗin duniya'' (2018). * ''De Wallen: toekomst van ons verleden'' (2020). ** Bugun Turanci: ''Amsterdam Red Light District: Makomar abubuwan da suka gabata'' (2023). == Bayanan kula == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] soq5jkbkp6nuzfjb3orhx7xsdqkeo9j 0 132868 968004 781358 2026-10-15T22:15:12Z Nura Bello 24854 968004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''FSC Millport''', wanda [[Kwamitin Nazarin Fili|Majalisar Nazarin Filaye]] ke gudanarwa, yana tsibirin Great Cumbrae a Firth na Clyde, [[Scotland]] . Cibiyar filin an san ta da Jami'ar Marine Biological Station Millport (UMBSM), wata cibiyar ilimi mai zurfi da Jami'ar London ke gudanarwa tare da Jami'ar Glasgow amma an rufe ta ne saboda janye tallafin ilimi mai zurfi a shekarar 2013. FSC ta sake bude cibiyar a shekarar 2014 kuma ta ci gaba da karbar bakuncin da koyar da kungiyoyin jami'a, makarantu da kwalejoji da kuma tallafawa da karbar bakuncin daliban bincike daga ko'ina cikin duniya, yayin da kuma ta fadada isa ga ilimi da kuma samar da darussa iri-iri a tarihin halitta da ayyukan muhalli na waje ga manya da iyalai su ji dadinsu. Cibiyar wani wuri ne mai matukar farin jini da ke karbar bakuncin taruka da dama na kasa da kasa. Gidan Tarihi na Robertson da Aquarium (wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan wanda ya kafa tashar Marine ta asali, David Robertson ) a bude yake ga baƙi tsakanin Maris da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cibiyar kuma tana aiki a matsayin Tashar Yanayi ta Ofishin Yanayi da Admiralty Tide Monitor. [[Fayil:FSC_Millport.jpg|thumb|440x440px|FSC Millport]] == Tarihi == ''Jirgin Ruwa'', mai lamba 84&nbsp;An gina jirgin ruwan mai ƙafa 100 a cikin ramin [[Granton, Edinburgh|Granton]] da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye, kuma an gina shi a matsayin dakin gwaje-gwaje mai iyo ta hanyar mahaifin [[Oceanography|masanin kimiyyar teku]] na zamani, [[John Murray (oceanographer)|Sir John Murray]] . An kawo wannan jirgin ruwan zuwa Port Loy a Tsibirin Cumbrae a shekarar 1885 kuma ya kafa farkon Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Scotland. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=History - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/about/history.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta jawo hankalin masana kimiyya masu daraja, waɗanda suka sami sha'awar wadatar namun daji da flora na Firth of Clyde, amma a hankali ta daina amfani da shi bayan buɗe Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Millport, kuma a daren 20 ga Janairu 1900 guguwa mai ƙarfi ta lalata shi gaba ɗaya. <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Sheina M. |date=1987 |title=An Account of the Marine Station at Millport |journal=Occasional Publication No. 4}}</ref> A shekara ta 1894, wani kwamiti karkashin jagorancin masanin kimiyyar halittu David Robertson ya fara gina tashar jiragen ruwa a Tsibirin Cumbrae kuma ya karɓi jirgin. Abin baƙin ciki, David Robertson ya mutu kafin kammala ginin cibiyar, amma a shekara ta 1897, Sir John Murray ya buɗe tashar nazarin halittu ta Millport (MMBS). <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Sheina M. |date=1987 |title=An Account of the Marine Station at Millport |journal=Occasional Publication No. 4}}</ref> Duk da gwagwarmaya da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko, inda isasshen kuɗi ya yi wahalar samu kuma akwai rikici sosai tsakanin manyan abubuwan bincike da buƙatun ilimi, tashar ta ci gaba da aiki. A ranar 21 ga Yuli ''1904'', jirgin ruwan Dr. William Speirs Bruce na Scotland National Antarctic Expedition ya koma wurin saukarsa na farko a Scotland a Keppel Pier a Tsibirin Cumbrae. Tun daga wannan lokacin, aka gina tashar a hankali har zuwa girmanta na yanzu. Ginin asali ya yi ƙanƙanta don manufar kuma an gina kwafin gine-gine tare da shi. A shekarar 1914, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Halittu ta Ruwan Scotland a MMBS. A shekarar 1922, Sheina Marshall ta shiga Dakin Gwaji na Ruwan Scotland, inda ta fara aikin kimiyya wanda aka keɓe don nazarin shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Ta ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, kuma daga baya ta zama Fellow of the Royal Society, sannan aka ba ta [[Order of the British Empire]] a 1966. Daga 1966 zuwa 1987, tashar ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Darakta Ronald Ian Currie FRSE wanda ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar RV ''Challenger'' da RV ''Calanus'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 1970, Tashar Nazarin Halittu ta Ruwan Scotland ta koma Dunstaffnage Bay (Oban), kuma Jami'ar London ta karɓi ragamar MMBS tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Glasgow, ta zama Tashar Nazarin Halittu ta Ruwan Jami'ar Millport (UMBSM). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=History - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/about/history.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa, tare da buɗe wani rukunin masauki a cikin 1975. A watan Disamba na 2012, an sanar da cewa za a tilasta wa tashar nazarin halittu ta Jami'ar Millport rufewa bayan da Majalisar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi Mai Girma ta Ingila ta janye tallafin fam 400,000 da ta bai wa Jami'ar London don gudanar da tashar. An rufe UMBSM a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2013. <ref name=":0"/> [[Fayil:Aquarium_in_the_Robertson_Museum_and_Aquarium_at_FSC_Millport.jpg|thumb|330x330px|Aquarium a cikin Robertson Museum da Aquarium a FSC Millport]] An mayar da mallakar MMBS zuwa [[Kwamitin Nazarin Fili|Majalisar Nazarin Fili]] a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2014. <ref name=":0"/> A watan Mayu 2014 an sanar da wani kunshin kuɗi na fam miliyan huɗu wanda ya ba da damar kammala cikakken shirin ci gaba da gyara a cikin shekaru biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> FSC Millport ta ci gaba da haɓakawa da bunƙasa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin Majalisar Nazarin Fili. == Manazarta == 2c1bfwxtu58bq1meie32jf098xp570n 968005 968004 2026-10-15T22:16:52Z Nura Bello 24854 968005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''FSC Millport''', wanda [[Kwamitin Nazarin Fili|Majalisar Nazarin Filaye]] ke gudanarwa, yana tsibirin Great Cumbrae a Firth na Clyde, [[Scotland]] . Cibiyar filin an san ta da Jami'ar Marine Biological Station Millport (UMBSM), wata cibiyar ilimi mai zurfi da Jami'ar London ke gudanarwa tare da Jami'ar Glasgow amma an rufe ta ne saboda janye tallafin ilimi mai zurfi a shekarar 2013. FSC ta sake bude cibiyar a shekarar 2014 kuma ta ci gaba da karbar bakuncin da koyar da kungiyoyin jami'a, makarantu da kwalejoji da kuma tallafawa da karbar bakuncin daliban bincike daga ko'ina cikin duniya, yayin da kuma ta fadada isa ga ilimi da kuma samar da darussa iri-iri a tarihin halitta da ayyukan muhalli na waje ga manya da iyalai su ji dadinsu. Cibiyar wani wuri ne mai matukar farin jini da ke karbar bakuncin taruka da dama na kasa da kasa. Gidan Tarihi na Robertson da Aquarium (wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan wanda ya kafa tashar Marine ta asali, David Robertson ) a bude yake ga baƙi tsakanin Maris da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cibiyar kuma tana aiki a matsayin Tashar Yanayi ta Ofishin Yanayi da Admiralty Tide Monitor. [[Fayil:FSC_Millport.jpg|thumb|440x440px|FSC Millport]] == Tarihi == ''Jirgin Ruwa'', mai lamba 84&nbsp;An gina jirgin ruwan mai ƙafa 100 a cikin ramin [[Granton, Edinburgh|Granton]] da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye, kuma an gina shi a matsayin dakin gwaje-gwaje mai iyo ta hanyar mahaifin [[Oceanography|masanin kimiyyar teku]] na zamani, [[John Murray (oceanographer)|Sir John Murray]] . An kawo wannan jirgin ruwan zuwa Port Loy a Tsibirin Cumbrae a shekarar 1885 kuma ya kafa farkon Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Scotland. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=History - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/about/history.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta jawo hankalin masana kimiyya masu daraja, waɗanda suka sami sha'awar wadatar namun daji da flora na Firth of Clyde, amma a hankali ta daina amfani da shi bayan buɗe Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Millport, kuma a daren 20 ga Janairu 1900 guguwa mai ƙarfi ta lalata shi gaba ɗaya. <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Sheina M. |date=1987 |title=An Account of the Marine Station at Millport |journal=Occasional Publication No. 4}}</ref> A shekara ta 1894, wani kwamiti karkashin jagorancin masanin kimiyyar halittu David Robertson ya fara gina tashar jiragen ruwa a Tsibirin Cumbrae kuma ya karɓi jirgin. Abin baƙin ciki, David Robertson ya mutu kafin kammala ginin cibiyar, amma a shekara ta 1897, Sir John Murray ya buɗe tashar nazarin halittu ta Millport (MMBS). <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Sheina M. |date=1987 |title=An Account of the Marine Station at Millport |journal=Occasional Publication No. 4}}</ref> Duk da gwagwarmaya da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko, inda isasshen kuɗi ya yi wahalar samu kuma akwai rikici sosai tsakanin manyan abubuwan bincike da buƙatun ilimi, tashar ta ci gaba da aiki. A ranar 21 ga watan Yuli ''1904'', jirgin ruwan Dr. William Speirs Bruce na Scotland National Antarctic Expedition ya koma wurin saukarsa na farko a Scotland a Keppel Pier a Tsibirin Cumbrae. Tun daga wannan lokacin, aka gina tashar a hankali har zuwa girmanta na yanzu. Ginin asali ya yi ƙanƙanta don manufar kuma an gina kwafin gine-gine tare da shi. A shekarar 1914, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Halittu ta Ruwan Scotland a MMBS. A shekarar 1922, Sheina Marshall ta shiga Dakin Gwaji na Ruwan Scotland, inda ta fara aikin kimiyya wanda aka keɓe don nazarin shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Ta ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, kuma daga baya ta zama Fellow of the Royal Society, sannan aka ba ta [[Order of the British Empire]] a 1966. Daga 1966 zuwa 1987, tashar ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Darakta Ronald Ian Currie FRSE wanda ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar RV ''Challenger'' da RV ''Calanus'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 1970, Tashar Nazarin Halittu ta Ruwan Scotland ta koma Dunstaffnage Bay (Oban), kuma Jami'ar London ta karɓi ragamar MMBS tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Glasgow, ta zama Tashar Nazarin Halittu ta Ruwan Jami'ar Millport (UMBSM). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=History - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/about/history.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa, tare da buɗe wani rukunin masauki a cikin 1975. A watan Disamba na 2012, an sanar da cewa za a tilasta wa tashar nazarin halittu ta Jami'ar Millport rufewa bayan da Majalisar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi Mai Girma ta Ingila ta janye tallafin fam 400,000 da ta bai wa Jami'ar London don gudanar da tashar. An rufe UMBSM a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2013. <ref name=":0"/> [[Fayil:Aquarium_in_the_Robertson_Museum_and_Aquarium_at_FSC_Millport.jpg|thumb|330x330px|Aquarium a cikin Robertson Museum da Aquarium a FSC Millport]] An mayar da mallakar MMBS zuwa [[Kwamitin Nazarin Fili|Majalisar Nazarin Fili]] a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2014. <ref name=":0"/> A watan Mayu 2014 an sanar da wani kunshin kuɗi na fam miliyan huɗu wanda ya ba da damar kammala cikakken shirin ci gaba da gyara a cikin shekaru biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> FSC Millport ta ci gaba da haɓakawa da bunƙasa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin Majalisar Nazarin Fili. == Manazarta == pvni5ebjwudsfs3sr2ytt4nkn6e20nz 968006 968005 2026-10-15T22:19:44Z Nura Bello 24854 968006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''FSC Millport''', wanda [[Kwamitin Nazarin Fili|Majalisar Nazarin Filaye]] ke gudanarwa, yana tsibirin Great Cumbrae a Firth na Clyde, [[Scotland]] . Cibiyar filin an san ta da Jami'ar Marine Biological Station Millport (UMBSM), wata cibiyar ilimi mai zurfi da Jami'ar London ke gudanarwa tare da Jami'ar Glasgow amma an rufe ta ne saboda janye tallafin ilimi mai zurfi a shekarar 2013. FSC ta sake bude cibiyar a shekarar 2014 kuma ta ci gaba da karbar bakuncin da koyar da kungiyoyin jami'a, makarantu da kwalejoji da kuma tallafawa da karbar bakuncin daliban bincike daga ko'ina cikin duniya, yayin da kuma ta fadada isa ga ilimi da kuma samar da darussa iri-iri a tarihin halitta da ayyukan muhalli na waje ga manya da iyalai su ji dadinsu. Cibiyar wani wuri ne mai matukar farin jini da ke karbar bakuncin taruka da dama na kasa da kasa. Gidan Tarihi na Robertson da Aquarium (wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan wanda ya kafa tashar Marine ta asali, David Robertson ) a bude yake ga baƙi tsakanin Maris da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cibiyar kuma tana aiki a matsayin Tashar Yanayi ta Ofishin Yanayi da Admiralty Tide Monitor. [[Fayil:FSC_Millport.jpg|thumb|440x440px|FSC Millport]] == Tarihi == ''Jirgin Ruwa'', mai lamba 84&nbsp;An gina jirgin ruwan mai ƙafa 100 a cikin ramin [[Granton, Edinburgh|Granton]] da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye, kuma an gina shi a matsayin dakin gwaje-gwaje mai iyo ta hanyar mahaifin [[Oceanography|masanin kimiyyar teku]] na zamani, [[John Murray (oceanographer)|Sir John Murray]] . An kawo wannan jirgin ruwan zuwa Port Loy a Tsibirin Cumbrae a shekarar 1885 kuma ya kafa farkon Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Scotland. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=History - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/about/history.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta jawo hankalin masana kimiyya masu daraja, waɗanda suka sami sha'awar wadatar namun daji da flora na Firth of Clyde, amma a hankali ta daina amfani da shi bayan buɗe Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Millport, kuma a daren 20 ga Janairu 1900 guguwa mai ƙarfi ta lalata shi gaba ɗaya. <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Sheina M. |date=1987 |title=An Account of the Marine Station at Millport |journal=Occasional Publication No. 4}}</ref> A shekara ta 1894, wani kwamiti karkashin jagorancin masanin kimiyyar halittu David Robertson ya fara gina tashar jiragen ruwa a Tsibirin Cumbrae kuma ya karɓi jirgin. Abin baƙin ciki, David Robertson ya mutu kafin kammala ginin cibiyar, amma a shekara ta 1897, Sir John Murray ya buɗe tashar nazarin halittu ta Millport (MMBS). <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Sheina M. |date=1987 |title=An Account of the Marine Station at Millport |journal=Occasional Publication No. 4}}</ref> Duk da gwagwarmaya da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko, inda isasshen kuɗi ya yi wahalar samu kuma akwai rikici sosai tsakanin manyan abubuwan bincike da buƙatun ilimi, tashar ta ci gaba da aiki. A ranar 21 ga watan Yuli ''1904'', jirgin ruwan Dr. William Speirs Bruce na Scotland National Antarctic Expedition ya koma wurin saukarsa na farko a Scotland a Keppel Pier a Tsibirin Cumbrae. Tun daga wannan lokacin, aka gina tashar a hankali har zuwa girmanta na yanzu. Ginin asali ya yi ƙanƙanta don manufar kuma an gina kwafin gine-gine tare da shi. A shekarar 1914, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Halittu ta Ruwan Scotland a MMBS. A shekarar 1922, Sheina Marshall ta shiga Dakin Gwaji na Ruwan Scotland, inda ta fara aikin kimiyya wanda aka keɓe don nazarin shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Ta ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, kuma daga baya ta zama Fellow of the Royal Society, sannan aka ba ta [[Order of the British Empire]] a 1966. Daga 1966 zuwa 1987, tashar ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Darakta Ronald Ian Currie FRSE wanda ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar RV ''Challenger'' da RV ''Calanus'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 1970, Tashar Nazarin Halittu ta Ruwan Scotland ta koma Dunstaffnage Bay (Oban), kuma Jami'ar London ta karɓi ragamar MMBS tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Glasgow, ta zama Tashar Nazarin Halittu ta Ruwan Jami'ar Millport (UMBSM). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=History - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/about/history.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa, tare da buɗe wani rukunin masauki a cikin 1975. A watan Disamba na shekarar 2012, an sanar da cewa za a tilasta wa tashar nazarin halittu ta Jami'ar Millport rufewa bayan da Majalisar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi Mai Girma ta Ingila ta janye tallafin fam 400,000 da ta bai wa Jami'ar London don gudanar da tashar. An rufe UMBSM a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2013. <ref name=":0"/> [[Fayil:Aquarium_in_the_Robertson_Museum_and_Aquarium_at_FSC_Millport.jpg|thumb|330x330px|Aquarium a cikin Robertson Museum da Aquarium a FSC Millport]] An mayar da mallakar MMBS zuwa [[Kwamitin Nazarin Fili|Majalisar Nazarin Fili]] a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2014. <ref name=":0"/> A watan Mayu 2014 an sanar da wani kunshin kuɗi na fam miliyan huɗu wanda ya ba da damar kammala cikakken shirin ci gaba da gyara a cikin shekaru biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> FSC Millport ta ci gaba da haɓakawa da bunƙasa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin Majalisar Nazarin Fili. == Manazarta == pdgv69j1ppdqg64wj87zwgee7gt3ngo 968082 968006 2026-10-16T07:45:45Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Tarihi */ 968082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''FSC Millport''', wanda [[Kwamitin Nazarin Fili|Majalisar Nazarin Filaye]] ke gudanarwa, yana tsibirin Great Cumbrae a Firth na Clyde, [[Scotland]] . Cibiyar filin an san ta da Jami'ar Marine Biological Station Millport (UMBSM), wata cibiyar ilimi mai zurfi da Jami'ar London ke gudanarwa tare da Jami'ar Glasgow amma an rufe ta ne saboda janye tallafin ilimi mai zurfi a shekarar 2013. FSC ta sake bude cibiyar a shekarar 2014 kuma ta ci gaba da karbar bakuncin da koyar da kungiyoyin jami'a, makarantu da kwalejoji da kuma tallafawa da karbar bakuncin daliban bincike daga ko'ina cikin duniya, yayin da kuma ta fadada isa ga ilimi da kuma samar da darussa iri-iri a tarihin halitta da ayyukan muhalli na waje ga manya da iyalai su ji dadinsu. Cibiyar wani wuri ne mai matukar farin jini da ke karbar bakuncin taruka da dama na kasa da kasa. Gidan Tarihi na Robertson da Aquarium (wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan wanda ya kafa tashar Marine ta asali, David Robertson ) a bude yake ga baƙi tsakanin Maris da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cibiyar kuma tana aiki a matsayin Tashar Yanayi ta Ofishin Yanayi da Admiralty Tide Monitor. [[Fayil:FSC_Millport.jpg|thumb|440x440px|FSC Millport]] == Tarihi == ''Jirgin Ruwa'', mai lamba 84&nbsp;An gina jirgin ruwan mai ƙafa 100 a cikin ramin [[Granton, Edinburgh|Granton]] da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye, kuma an gina shi a matsayin dakin gwaje-gwaje mai iyo ta hanyar mahaifin [[Oceanography|masanin kimiyyar teku]] na zamani, [[John Murray (oceanographer)|Sir John Murray]] . An kawo wannan jirgin ruwan zuwa Port Loy a Tsibirin Cumbrae a shekarar 1885 kuma ya kafa farkon Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Scotland. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=History - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/about/history.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta jawo hankalin masana kimiyya masu daraja, waɗanda suka sami sha'awar wadatar namun daji da flora na Firth of Clyde, amma a hankali ta daina amfani da shi bayan buɗe Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Millport, kuma a daren 20 ga Janairu 1900 guguwa mai ƙarfi ta lalata shi gaba ɗaya. <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Sheina M. |date=1987 |title=An Account of the Marine Station at Millport |journal=Occasional Publication No. 4}}</ref> A shekara ta 1894, wani kwamiti karkashin jagorancin masanin kimiyyar halittu David Robertson ya fara gina tashar jiragen ruwa a Tsibirin Cumbrae kuma ya karɓi jirgin. Abin baƙin ciki, David Robertson ya mutu kafin kammala ginin cibiyar, amma a shekara ta 1897, Sir John Murray ya buɗe tashar nazarin halittu ta Millport (MMBS). <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Sheina M. |date=1987 |title=An Account of the Marine Station at Millport |journal=Occasional Publication No. 4}}</ref> Duk da gwagwarmaya da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko, inda isasshen kuɗi ya yi wahalar samu kuma akwai rikici sosai tsakanin manyan abubuwan bincike da buƙatun ilimi, tashar ta ci gaba da aiki. A ranar 21 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta alif ''1904'', jirgin ruwan Dr. William Speirs Bruce na Scotland National Antarctic Expedition ya koma wurin saukarsa na farko a Scotland a Keppel Pier a Tsibirin Cumbrae. Tun daga wannan lokacin, aka gina tashar a hankali har zuwa girmanta na yanzu. Ginin asali ya yi ƙanƙanta don manufar kuma an gina kwafin gine-gine tare da shi. A shekarar 1914, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Halittu ta Ruwan Scotland a MMBS. A shekarar 1922, Sheina Marshall ta shiga Dakin Gwaji na Ruwan Scotland, inda ta fara aikin kimiyya wanda aka keɓe don nazarin shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Ta ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, kuma daga baya ta zama Fellow of the Royal Society, sannan aka ba ta [[Order of the British Empire]] a 1966. Daga 1966 zuwa 1987, tashar ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Darakta Ronald Ian Currie FRSE wanda ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar RV ''Challenger'' da RV ''Calanus'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 1970, Tashar Nazarin Halittu ta Ruwan Scotland ta koma Dunstaffnage Bay (Oban), kuma Jami'ar London ta karɓi ragamar MMBS tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Glasgow, ta zama Tashar Nazarin Halittu ta Ruwan Jami'ar Millport (UMBSM). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=History - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/about/history.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa, tare da buɗe wani rukunin masauki a cikin 1975. A watan Disamba na shekarar 2012, an sanar da cewa za a tilasta wa tashar nazarin halittu ta Jami'ar Millport rufewa bayan da Majalisar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi Mai Girma ta Ingila ta janye tallafin fam 400,000 da ta bai wa Jami'ar London don gudanar da tashar. An rufe UMBSM a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2013. <ref name=":0"/> [[Fayil:Aquarium_in_the_Robertson_Museum_and_Aquarium_at_FSC_Millport.jpg|thumb|330x330px|Aquarium a cikin Robertson Museum da Aquarium a FSC Millport]] An mayar da mallakar MMBS zuwa [[Kwamitin Nazarin Fili|Majalisar Nazarin Fili]] a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2014. <ref name=":0"/> A watan Mayu 2014 an sanar da wani kunshin kuɗi na fam miliyan huɗu wanda ya ba da damar kammala cikakken shirin ci gaba da gyara a cikin shekaru biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> FSC Millport ta ci gaba da haɓakawa da bunƙasa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin Majalisar Nazarin Fili. == Manazarta == hn6iwmr5rfwta60cba9yvl9zekooj8a 968083 968082 2026-10-16T07:46:18Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Tarihi */ 968083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''FSC Millport''', wanda [[Kwamitin Nazarin Fili|Majalisar Nazarin Filaye]] ke gudanarwa, yana tsibirin Great Cumbrae a Firth na Clyde, [[Scotland]] . Cibiyar filin an san ta da Jami'ar Marine Biological Station Millport (UMBSM), wata cibiyar ilimi mai zurfi da Jami'ar London ke gudanarwa tare da Jami'ar Glasgow amma an rufe ta ne saboda janye tallafin ilimi mai zurfi a shekarar 2013. FSC ta sake bude cibiyar a shekarar 2014 kuma ta ci gaba da karbar bakuncin da koyar da kungiyoyin jami'a, makarantu da kwalejoji da kuma tallafawa da karbar bakuncin daliban bincike daga ko'ina cikin duniya, yayin da kuma ta fadada isa ga ilimi da kuma samar da darussa iri-iri a tarihin halitta da ayyukan muhalli na waje ga manya da iyalai su ji dadinsu. Cibiyar wani wuri ne mai matukar farin jini da ke karbar bakuncin taruka da dama na kasa da kasa. Gidan Tarihi na Robertson da Aquarium (wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan wanda ya kafa tashar Marine ta asali, David Robertson ) a bude yake ga baƙi tsakanin Maris da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cibiyar kuma tana aiki a matsayin Tashar Yanayi ta Ofishin Yanayi da Admiralty Tide Monitor. [[Fayil:FSC_Millport.jpg|thumb|440x440px|FSC Millport]] == Tarihi == ''Jirgin Ruwa'', mai lamba 84&nbsp;An gina jirgin ruwan mai ƙafa 100 a cikin ramin [[Granton, Edinburgh|Granton]] da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye, kuma an gina shi a matsayin dakin gwaje-gwaje mai iyo ta hanyar mahaifin [[Oceanography|masanin kimiyyar teku]] na zamani, [[John Murray (oceanographer)|Sir John Murray]] . An kawo wannan jirgin ruwan zuwa Port Loy a Tsibirin Cumbrae a shekarar 1885 kuma ya kafa farkon Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Scotland. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=History - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/about/history.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta jawo hankalin masana kimiyya masu daraja, waɗanda suka sami sha'awar wadatar namun daji da flora na Firth of Clyde, amma a hankali ta daina amfani da shi bayan buɗe Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Millport, kuma a daren 20 ga Janairu 1900 guguwa mai ƙarfi ta lalata shi gaba ɗaya. <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Sheina M. |date=1987 |title=An Account of the Marine Station at Millport |journal=Occasional Publication No. 4}}</ref> A shekara ta 1894, wani kwamiti karkashin jagorancin masanin kimiyyar halittu David Robertson ya fara gina tashar jiragen ruwa a Tsibirin Cumbrae kuma ya karɓi jirgin. Abin baƙin ciki, David Robertson ya mutu kafin kammala ginin cibiyar, amma a shekara ta 1897, Sir John Murray ya buɗe tashar nazarin halittu ta Millport (MMBS). <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Sheina M. |date=1987 |title=An Account of the Marine Station at Millport |journal=Occasional Publication No. 4}}</ref> Duk da gwagwarmaya da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko, inda isasshen kuɗi ya yi wahalar samu kuma akwai rikici sosai tsakanin manyan abubuwan bincike da buƙatun ilimi, tashar ta ci gaba da aiki. A ranar 21 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta alif ''1904'', jirgin ruwan Dr. William Speirs Bruce na Scotland National Antarctic Expedition ya koma wurin saukarsa na farko a Scotland a Keppel Pier a Tsibirin Cumbrae. Tun daga wannan lokacin, aka gina tashar a hankali har zuwa girmanta na yanzu. Ginin asali ya yi ƙanƙanta don manufar kuma an gina kwafin gine-gine tare da shi. A shekarar 1914, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Halittu ta Ruwan Scotland a MMBS. A shekarar 1922, Sheina Marshall ta shiga Dakin Gwaji na Ruwan Scotland, inda ta fara aikin kimiyya wanda aka keɓe don nazarin shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Ta ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, kuma daga baya ta zama Fellow of the Royal Society, sannan aka ba ta [[Order of the British Empire]] a 1966. Daga 1966 zuwa 1987, tashar ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Darakta Ronald Ian Currie FRSE wanda ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar RV ''Challenger'' da RV ''Calanus'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 1970, Tashar Nazarin Halittu ta Ruwan Scotland ta koma Dunstaffnage Bay (Oban), kuma Jami'ar London ta karɓi ragamar MMBS tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Glasgow, ta zama Tashar Nazarin Halittu ta Ruwan Jami'ar Millport (UMBSM). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=History - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/about/history.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa, tare da buɗe wani rukunin masauki a cikin shekara ta alif 1975. A watan Disamba na shekarar 2012, an sanar da cewa za a tilasta wa tashar nazarin halittu ta Jami'ar Millport rufewa bayan da Majalisar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi Mai Girma ta Ingila ta janye tallafin fam 400,000 da ta bai wa Jami'ar London don gudanar da tashar. An rufe UMBSM a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2013. <ref name=":0"/> [[Fayil:Aquarium_in_the_Robertson_Museum_and_Aquarium_at_FSC_Millport.jpg|thumb|330x330px|Aquarium a cikin Robertson Museum da Aquarium a FSC Millport]] An mayar da mallakar MMBS zuwa [[Kwamitin Nazarin Fili|Majalisar Nazarin Fili]] a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2014. <ref name=":0"/> A watan Mayu 2014 an sanar da wani kunshin kuɗi na fam miliyan huɗu wanda ya ba da damar kammala cikakken shirin ci gaba da gyara a cikin shekaru biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> FSC Millport ta ci gaba da haɓakawa da bunƙasa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin Majalisar Nazarin Fili. == Manazarta == aexulm1nmh6n5u745gtun5b54hx4d8q 968183 968083 2026-10-16T10:19:17Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Tarihi */ 968183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''FSC Millport''', wanda [[Kwamitin Nazarin Fili|Majalisar Nazarin Filaye]] ke gudanarwa, yana tsibirin Great Cumbrae a Firth na Clyde, [[Scotland]] . Cibiyar filin an san ta da Jami'ar Marine Biological Station Millport (UMBSM), wata cibiyar ilimi mai zurfi da Jami'ar London ke gudanarwa tare da Jami'ar Glasgow amma an rufe ta ne saboda janye tallafin ilimi mai zurfi a shekarar 2013. FSC ta sake bude cibiyar a shekarar 2014 kuma ta ci gaba da karbar bakuncin da koyar da kungiyoyin jami'a, makarantu da kwalejoji da kuma tallafawa da karbar bakuncin daliban bincike daga ko'ina cikin duniya, yayin da kuma ta fadada isa ga ilimi da kuma samar da darussa iri-iri a tarihin halitta da ayyukan muhalli na waje ga manya da iyalai su ji dadinsu. Cibiyar wani wuri ne mai matukar farin jini da ke karbar bakuncin taruka da dama na kasa da kasa. Gidan Tarihi na Robertson da Aquarium (wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan wanda ya kafa tashar Marine ta asali, David Robertson ) a bude yake ga baƙi tsakanin Maris da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cibiyar kuma tana aiki a matsayin Tashar Yanayi ta Ofishin Yanayi da Admiralty Tide Monitor. [[Fayil:FSC_Millport.jpg|thumb|440x440px|FSC Millport]] == Tarihi == ''Jirgin Ruwa'', mai lamba 84&nbsp;An gina jirgin ruwan mai ƙafa 100 a cikin ramin [[Granton, Edinburgh|Granton]] da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye, kuma an gina shi a matsayin dakin gwaje-gwaje mai iyo ta hanyar mahaifin [[Oceanography|masanin kimiyyar teku]] na zamani, [[John Murray (oceanographer)|Sir John Murray]] . An kawo wannan jirgin ruwan zuwa Port Loy a Tsibirin Cumbrae a shekarar 1885 kuma ya kafa farkon Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Scotland. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=History - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/about/history.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta jawo hankalin masana kimiyya masu daraja, waɗanda suka sami sha'awar wadatar namun daji da flora na Firth of Clyde, amma a hankali ta daina amfani da shi bayan buɗe Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Millport, kuma a daren 20 ga Janairu 1900 guguwa mai ƙarfi ta lalata shi gaba ɗaya. <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Sheina M. |date=1987 |title=An Account of the Marine Station at Millport |journal=Occasional Publication No. 4}}</ref> A shekara ta alif 1894, wani kwamiti karkashin jagorancin masanin kimiyyar halittu David Robertson ya fara gina tashar jiragen ruwa a Tsibirin Cumbrae kuma ya karɓi jirgin. Abin baƙin ciki, David Robertson ya mutu kafin kammala ginin cibiyar, amma a shekara ta 1897, Sir John Murray ya buɗe tashar nazarin halittu ta Millport (MMBS). <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Sheina M. |date=1987 |title=An Account of the Marine Station at Millport |journal=Occasional Publication No. 4}}</ref> Duk da gwagwarmaya da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko, inda isasshen kuɗi ya yi wahalar samu kuma akwai rikici sosai tsakanin manyan abubuwan bincike da buƙatun ilimi, tashar ta ci gaba da aiki. A ranar 21 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta alif ''1904'', jirgin ruwan Dr. William Speirs Bruce na Scotland National Antarctic Expedition ya koma wurin saukarsa na farko a Scotland a Keppel Pier a Tsibirin Cumbrae. Tun daga wannan lokacin, aka gina tashar a hankali har zuwa girmanta na yanzu. Ginin asali ya yi ƙanƙanta don manufar kuma an gina kwafin gine-gine tare da shi. A shekarar 1914, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Halittu ta Ruwan Scotland a MMBS. A shekarar 1922, Sheina Marshall ta shiga Dakin Gwaji na Ruwan Scotland, inda ta fara aikin kimiyya wanda aka keɓe don nazarin shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Ta ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, kuma daga baya ta zama Fellow of the Royal Society, sannan aka ba ta [[Order of the British Empire]] a 1966. Daga 1966 zuwa 1987, tashar ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Darakta Ronald Ian Currie FRSE wanda ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar RV ''Challenger'' da RV ''Calanus'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 1970, Tashar Nazarin Halittu ta Ruwan Scotland ta koma Dunstaffnage Bay (Oban), kuma Jami'ar London ta karɓi ragamar MMBS tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Glasgow, ta zama Tashar Nazarin Halittu ta Ruwan Jami'ar Millport (UMBSM). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=History - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/about/history.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa, tare da buɗe wani rukunin masauki a cikin shekara ta alif 1975. A watan Disamba na shekarar 2012, an sanar da cewa za a tilasta wa tashar nazarin halittu ta Jami'ar Millport rufewa bayan da Majalisar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi Mai Girma ta Ingila ta janye tallafin fam 400,000 da ta bai wa Jami'ar London don gudanar da tashar. An rufe UMBSM a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2013. <ref name=":0"/> [[Fayil:Aquarium_in_the_Robertson_Museum_and_Aquarium_at_FSC_Millport.jpg|thumb|330x330px|Aquarium a cikin Robertson Museum da Aquarium a FSC Millport]] An mayar da mallakar MMBS zuwa [[Kwamitin Nazarin Fili|Majalisar Nazarin Fili]] a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2014. <ref name=":0"/> A watan Mayu 2014 an sanar da wani kunshin kuɗi na fam miliyan huɗu wanda ya ba da damar kammala cikakken shirin ci gaba da gyara a cikin shekaru biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robertson Museum and Aquarium - FSC Millport |url=http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |access-date=2017-08-07 |website=www.field-studies-council.org |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192043/http://www.field-studies-council.org/centres/scotland/millport/learn/robertson-museum-and-aquarium.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> FSC Millport ta ci gaba da haɓakawa da bunƙasa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin Majalisar Nazarin Fili. == Manazarta == ofkm9wulycsvsr8yica5kf2ocb9o81t 0 132894 968033 773075 2026-10-15T23:45:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nancy Marie Amato''' ƙwararriyar masaniyar kwamfuta ce 'yar Amurka da aka san ta da bincikenta kan tushen algorithm na tsara motsi, ilimin halittu na kwamfuta, lissafi na lissafi da kuma lissafi mai layi ɗaya . Amato ita ce Farfesa Abel Bliss ta Injiniya kuma Shugabar Sashen Kimiyyar Kwamfuta a Jami'ar Illinois da ke Urbana-Champaign . <ref> name="uiuc-directory">{{Cite web |title=Nancy M. Amato |url=https://cs.illinois.edu/directory/profile/namato |access-date=2021-12-12 |website=cs.illinois.edu/about/people/faculty/namato}}</ref> Amato an san ta da jagoranci wajen faɗaɗa shiga cikin kwamfuta, kuma a halin yanzu memba ce a kwamitin gudanarwa na CRA-WP (wanda a da aka sani da CRA-W), wanda ta kasance memba a kwamitin tun daga 2000. == Ilimi == Amato ta sami digirin farko na Fasaha a fannin Tattalin Arziki da kuma digirin farko na Kimiyya a fannin Lissafi daga [[Jami'ar Stanford]] a shekarar 1986. <ref> name="uiuc-directory">{{Cite web |title=Nancy M. Amato |url=https://cs.illinois.edu/directory/profile/namato |access-date=2021-12-12 |website=cs.illinois.edu/about/people/faculty/namato}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://cs.illinois.edu/directory/profile/namato "Nancy M. Amato"]. ''cs.illinois.edu/about/people/faculty/namato''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-12</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ta sami digirin MS a fannin Kimiyyar Kwamfuta daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley a shekarar 1988, tare da mai ba ta shawara Manuel Blum . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2018 |title=Nancy Amato is first woman to lead UI computer science department |url=https://eecs.berkeley.edu/news/2018/07/nancy-amato-first-woman-lead-ui-computer-science-department |access-date=2020-05-31 |website=eecs.berkeley.edu}}</ref> A shekarar 1995, ta sami digirin PhD a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta daga Jami'ar Illinois da ke Urbana-Champaign a ƙarƙashin mai ba da shawara Franco P. Preparata saboda rubutunta na "Algorithms masu kama da juna don Convex Hulls da Matsalolin kusanci". <ref name="uiuc-directory" /> == Aiki da bincike == Ta shiga Sashen Kimiyyar Kwamfuta a Jami'ar Texas A&M a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a shekarar 1995. An kara mata matsayi a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a shekarar 2000, sannan aka kara mata matsayi a shekarar 2004, sannan aka kara mata matsayi a matsayin farfesa ta Unocal a shekarar 2011. A watan Yulin 2018, an nada Amato a matsayin shugaban sashen kimiyyar kwamfuta na gaba a Jami'ar Illinois da ke Urbana-Champaign, wanda zai fara daga watan Janairun 2019. <ref name="cs-illinois-edu-amato">{{Cite web |title=Nancy Amato Named Next Department Head of Computer Science |url=https://cs.illinois.edu/news/nancy-amato-named-next-department-head-computer-science |access-date=13 Jul 2018}}</ref> <ref name="news-gazette-amato">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=Robotics expert to be first woman to lead UI computer-science department |url=http://www.news-gazette.com/news/local/2018-07-12/robotics-expert-be-first-woman-lead-ui-computer-science-department.html |access-date=13 Jul 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605110059/http://www.news-gazette.com/news/local/2018-07-12/robotics-expert-be-first-woman-lead-ui-computer-science-department.html |archive-date=5 June 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Amato tana da sakamako masu yawa da suka shahara. Takardarta kan hanyoyin taswirar yiwuwar (PRMs) tana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman takardu kan PRM. Ta bayyana nau'in PRM na farko wanda ba ya amfani da samfurin iri ɗaya a cikin sararin tsarin robot ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2018 |title=Nancy Amato is first woman to lead UI computer science department |url=https://eecs.berkeley.edu/news/2018/07/nancy-amato-first-woman-lead-ui-computer-science-department |access-date=2020-05-31 |website=eecs.berkeley.edu}}</ref> Ta rubuta takarda mai zurfi tare da ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibanta wanda ke nuna yadda za a iya amfani da hanyar PRM ga motsin furotin, musamman naɗe furotin. Wannan hanyar ta buɗe sabon yanki na bincike a fannin ilmin lissafi . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guang Song |last2=Nancy M. Amato |name-list-style=amp |year=2004 |title=A Motion Planning Approach to Folding: From Paper Craft to Protein Foldin |journal=IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation |pages=60–71}} </ref> Wannan sakamakon ya buɗe sabbin aikace-aikace masu yawa don wannan dabarar a fannin ilmin lissafi. Wata takarda da ta rubuta tare da ɗalibanta tana wakiltar babban ci gaba ta hanyar nuna yadda za a iya ƙididdige ƙididdigar yanayin makamashi na duniya, kamar ƙimar naɗewa da kinetics na yawan jama'a, don furotin daga yanayin ƙasa da aka ƙididdige ta hanyar hanyar da ta dogara da PRM ta Amato. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lydia Tapia |author-link=Lydia Tapia |last2=Xinyu Tang |last3=Shawna Thomas |last4=Nancy M. Amato |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Kinetics Analysis Methods For Approximate Folding Landscapes |journal=Bioinformatics |volume=23 |issue=13 |pages=539–548 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btm199 |pmid=17646341 |doi-access=free}} </ref> A cikin wata takarda, ita da wata ɗaliba sun gabatar da wata sabuwar dabara, kimanin naɗewar convex (ACD), don raba polyhedron zuwa kusan guntu mai convex. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jyh-Ming Lien |last2=Nancy M. Amato |name-list-style=amp |year=2006 |title=Approximate Convex Decomposition of Polygons |journal=Computational Geometry |volume=35 |issue=1–2 |pages=100–123 |doi=10.1016/j.comgeo.2005.10.005 |doi-access=free}} </ref> Amato kuma tana jagorantar aikin STAPL tare da mijinta Lawrence Rauchwerger, wanda kuma masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta ne a jami'ar Illinois da ke Urbana-Champaign. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> STAPL ɗakin karatu ne mai layi ɗaya na C++. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gabriel Tanase, Antal Buss, Adam Fidel, Harshvardhan, Ioannis Papadopoulos, Olga Pearce, Timmie Smith, Nathan Thomas, Xiabing Xu, Nedhal Mourad, Jeremy Vu, Mauro Bianco, Nancy M. Amato, and Lawrence Rauchwerger |year=2011 |title=The STAPL Parallel Container Framework |journal=In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Symposium of Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming (PPoPP) |pages=235–246}} </ref> === Lambobin yabo da girmamawa === Kyaututtukan da ta samu sun haɗa da: * An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2018 |title=Nancy Amato is first woman to lead UI computer science department |url=https://eecs.berkeley.edu/news/2018/07/nancy-amato-first-woman-lead-ui-computer-science-department |access-date=2020-05-31 |website=eecs.berkeley.edu}}</ref> * An zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan takarar AAAI a shekarar 2018 ta ƙungiyar ci gaban fasahar kere-kere ta wucin gadi <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2018 |title=Nancy Amato is first woman to lead UI computer science department |url=https://eecs.berkeley.edu/news/2018/07/nancy-amato-first-woman-lead-ui-computer-science-department |access-date=2020-05-31 |website=eecs.berkeley.edu}}</ref> * An zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar ACM a shekarar 2015 ta ƙungiyar injinan kwamfuta <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guang Song |last2=Nancy M. Amato |name-list-style=amp |year=2004 |title=A Motion Planning Approach to Folding: From Paper Craft to Protein Foldin |journal=IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation |pages=60–71}} </ref> * A shekarar 2010, an nada ta a matsayin memba na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki (IEEE) "saboda gudunmawar da ta bayar ga tushen algorithm na tsara motsi a fannin robotics da ilmin lissafi." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lydia Tapia |author-link=Lydia Tapia |last2=Xinyu Tang |last3=Shawna Thomas |last4=Nancy M. Amato |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Kinetics Analysis Methods For Approximate Folding Landscapes |journal=Bioinformatics |volume=23 |issue=13 |pages=539–548 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btm199 |pmid=17646341 |doi-access=free}} </ref> * Kyautar A. Nico Habermann daga Ƙungiyar Binciken Kwamfuta a shekarar 2014 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jyh-Ming Lien |last2=Nancy M. Amato |name-list-style=amp |year=2006 |title=Approximate Convex Decomposition of Polygons |journal=Computational Geometry |volume=35 |issue=1–2 |pages=100–123 |doi=10.1016/j.comgeo.2005.10.005 |doi-access=free}} </ref> * Abokin Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Kimiyya ta Amurka (AAAS) 2013 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gabriel Tanase, Antal Buss, Adam Fidel, Harshvardhan, Ioannis Papadopoulos, Olga Pearce, Timmie Smith, Nathan Thomas, Xiabing Xu, Nedhal Mourad, Jeremy Vu, Mauro Bianco, Nancy M. Amato, and Lawrence Rauchwerger |year=2011 |title=The STAPL Parallel Container Framework |journal=In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Symposium of Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming (PPoPP) |pages=235–246}} </ref> don gudummawar da aka bayar ga tushen algorithmic na tsara motsi, ilmin halitta na kwamfuta, lissafi na lissafi, da lissafi mai layi ɗaya. * Kyautar Hewlett-Packard/ Harriett B. Rigas, 2013. <ref> {{Cite web |last=IEEE Education Society |title=Hewlett-Packard/Harriett B. Rigas Award |url=http://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/es/award-rigas.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030902151940/http://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/es/award-rigas.html |archive-date=September 2, 2003 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=IEEE}}</ref> * Babban Memba na ACM a shekarar 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Association for Computing Machinery |date=2012-12-18 |title=ACM Recognizes Distinguished Members for Computing Advances that Sustain Competitiveness - 2012 Recipients Embody the Rewards of Participation in the Computing Community |url=http://www.acm.org/press-room/news-releases/2012/distinguished-2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304205631/http://www.acm.org/press-room/news-releases/2012/distinguished-2012 |archive-date=2014-03-04 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=ACM}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1o8a92dpt5szj3kop1ma6hzfwrryafo 0 134091 968060 881445 2026-10-16T04:31:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968060 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Boticadelangel+gafotos.jpg|thumb|Gidan da aka yi da kyau na Botica del Ángel na Montserrat]]{{Databox}} '''Botica del Ángel''' gidan kayan gargajiya ne a [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. Da farko wuri ne na zane-zane wanda mai zane-zane, mai zane-zanen, mai wasan kwaikwayo, da mai tsara kayan ado Eduardo Bergara Leumann ya kirkira a unguwar Monserrat ta Buenos Aires, Argentina, a cikin 1966. Ya zama sarari inda manyan mutane da yawa na fagen fasaha na Argentina, a cikin ƙasa da na duniya, suka fara ko wuce.[1][2] == Tarihi == An kafa shi a cikin 1966 a matsayin madadin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wurin baje kolin ta hanyar shirin mahaliccinsa da mai gabatar da shi, Eduardo Bergara Leumann, a cikin shagon kayan wasan kwaikwayo a 670 [[Lima]] Street.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Buenos Aires Ciudad - C.P.P.H.C |url=https://buenosaires.gob.ar/areas/cultura/cpphc/sitios/detalle.php?id=57 |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=buenosaires.gob.ar}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2008-09-05 |title=La última entrevista con LA NACION |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/espectaculos/la-ultima-entrevista-con-la-nacion-nid1046889/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=LA NACION |language=es}}</ref> Nan da nan ya kafa kansa a matsayin cibiyar madadin gaba, yana fitowa tare da sanannen Cibiyar Di Tella. A cikin sararin da ke cike da abubuwa, hotuna, kuma an yi wa ado da abubuwan tunawa (ciki har da abubuwan da suka shafi Jorge Luis Borges, Alfonsina Storni, Alejandra Pizarnik, Silvia da Mirtha Legrand, [[Eva Perón]], Zully Moreno, Victoria Ocampo, José Gobello, da sauransu) da kuma ayyukan masu zane-zane na Argentina kamar Antonio Berni, Josefina Robirosa, Guillermo Roux, Raini Soldi, Edgardo Gimni, da sauransu, da sauransu suka fi yawa, masu ba da yawa, masu karɓar bakuncin, masu ba tare da su, masu ba su, da yawa, da yawa a matsayin masu ba da Mont Mont Mont Montan, masu ba, da Mont Montan Mar Mar Mar Marki, da Montan, da Monty, masu ba shi, da kuma, masu ba'a, masu baƙi, da Monteryoyoyoyo, masu ba a matsayin masu suna Mont Mont Monty, da Mont, masu ba Marki, masu bautar, masu baƙar fata, masu suna Montan, kamar su, da Montit, da Montus, masu ba na Mont Montan. Yanayin shakatawa da cin hanci da rashawa shine na wasan kwaikwayo na cafe, kuma masu sauraro ba su Tania sanin ko sun kasance masu kallo ba ko kuma wani ɓangare na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na Eduardo Bergara Leumann.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandez |first=Sandra |date=2025-05-08 |title=The hidden mansion in downtown that is a museum dedicated to art and houses a criollo circus. |url=https://bairessecreta.com/en/la-botica-del-angel-scenographic-museum-mansion-buenos-aires-guided-tours/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=Buenos Aires Secreta |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |title=Templo del Ángel |url=https://original.revistaelabasto.com.ar/BoticaDelAngel.htm |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=original.revistaelabasto.com.ar |archive-date=2024-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207201226/https://original.revistaelabasto.com.ar/BoticaDelAngel.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Homenaje a Eduardo Bergara Leumann {{!}} Museo Botica del Ángel {{!}} Universidad del Salvador |url=https://boticadelangel.usal.edu.ar |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=boticadelangel.usal.edu.ar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514052202/https://boticadelangel.usal.edu.ar/ |archive-date=2025-05-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A cewar mai sukar gidan wasan kwaikwayo Emilio Stevanovich, halayensa a kusa da 1966 sune: <ref name=":3"/> {{Blockquote|"La Botica was a fun, cultural show—but above all, it was free and surprising. There were no premieres, so there was no stage fright for first-timers. When the audience arrived, they were greeted and seated by the performers themselves, creating a mutual sense of ease for what would become the 'theatrical adventure' of the Botica. Upon entering, spectators were given a pitcher of wine, little biscuits, and a basin for personal hygiene. Bergara would open women’s handbags as a way to spark conversation or create a gag, since at the Botica there was no script or routine—everything flowed from the Angel, created in the moment of encounter. The show changed without notice. The audience returned again and again, bringing friends to enjoy the transformation through participation. Many nights, it was unclear whether to ask for autographs on the stage or in the audience. There was no grand finale. As the audience—almost all of whom had participated in the performance—left, the cast stood in two lines and bid them farewell personally. The most rigid and reserved spectators, who had ended up dancing or acting, were the most grateful as they left—they had felt free and like protagonists for the night."|Emilio Stevanovich}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} lf1r9z2vup899ldr3y191h479l8vimd 0 134347 968045 775876 2026-10-16T01:37:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nicholas Philip O'Neill''' (Janairu 28, 1985 - Fabrairu 20, 2003) shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikin mutane 100 da gobarar gidan rawa ta The Station ta shafa, wadda ta faru a West Warwick, Rhode Island . Ya cika shekaru 18 a watan Janairu na wannan shekarar. Rayuwarsa da aikinsa a matsayin marubuci, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙi an tuna da su ta hanyar shirin gaskiya na ''41'' da kuma a cikin littafin ''41 Alamun Hope'' . ''41'' ya dogara ne akan rubutun da ke cewa Nicholas ya hango mutuwarsa ta wata hanya, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar rubuce-rubucensa daban-daban da aka rubuta. Fim ɗin (gami da ƙarin kayan da aka nuna a cikin DVD) ya haɗa da tambayoyi da, da sauransu, Land, mai watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo Dave Kane (mahaifin Nicholas), marubuciya Ann Hood, mai matsakaiciyar magana Robert Brown, da kuma mai bincike a bayan rayuwar Jami'ar Arizona Gary Schwartz . <ref name="41themovie" /> O'Neill shi ma ya rubuta wani wasan kwaikwayo, ''They Walk Among Us'', wanda aka shirya a birane daban-daban bayan mutuwarsa, kuma aka daidaita shi zuwa wani fim ɗin labari ta marubuci Jon Land . == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Nicholas Philip O'Neill a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 1985, ɗa tilo ga Joanne ( née Romanelli) O'Neill da Dave Kane . <ref>[http://www.necn.com/Boston/New-England/Documentary-film-honors-youngest-victim-of-Station-Nightclub/1203354847.html Documentary film honors youngest victim of Station Nightclub fire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513060100/http://www.necn.com/Boston/New-England/Documentary-film-honors-youngest-victim-of-Station-Nightclub/1203354847.html |date=2008-05-13 }}, [[New England Cable News]], February 18, 2008</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2018 |title=Our View: David Kane's antics have wasted court time |url=https://www.thesunchronicle.com/opinion/our-view-david-kanes-antics-have-wasted-court-time/article_e0e8b20a-a40d-53f7-9f91-18b9eb6adda9.html |website=www.thesunchronicle.com}}</ref> Ya rayu tsawon rayuwarsa a Cranston, Rhode Island tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma manyan 'yan uwansa Christian da William daga auren mahaifiyarsa na farko. O'Neill ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami a coci, makaranta da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo na al'umma, yana taka rawa kamar Linus a cikin ''You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown'' da Conrad Birdie a cikin ''Bye Bye Birdie'' . Lokacin da yake da shekaru 14, yana yin wasan barkwanci na improv kuma yana da shekaru 17, ya koyar da kansa yadda ake buga guitar kuma ya yi wasa a matsayin jarumi tare da ƙungiyar mawakan rock Shryne, yana amfani da sunan dandamali Nicky O. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Day Has Turned to Evening |url=https://www.amazon.com/Day-Has-Turned-Evening-Shryne/dp/B000CA42XE |website=Amazon.com}}</ref> A halin yanzu, ya fara fama da makaranta, daga ƙarshe ya rasa sha'awarsa gaba ɗaya kuma ya daina. A cikin shekarunsa na ƙarshe, ya mai da hankali kan yin wasa tare da kamfanin Providence All Children's Theater, da rubutu da yin kiɗa. Ya shiga cikin wata mummunar dangantaka mai tsawo da budurwarsa, Gabby Sherba. Iyalan O'Neill sun yi zargin cewa a ƙarshen rayuwarsa, ya fara samun abubuwan ban mamaki, waɗanda suka yi iƙirarin sun yi tasiri ga yawancin rubuce-rubucensa, ciki har da rubuta waƙoƙinsa, mujallunsa, da wasan kwaikwayo nasa, ''They Walk Among Us'', wanda ke nuna wani hali da O'Neill ya yi da kansa. Wannan hali matashi ne wanda ya mutu kuma ya zama mala'ika mai kula da sauran matasa. === Mutuwa === O'Neill ya kasance a gidan rawa na Station don wasan kwaikwayo na ƙungiyar Great White a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2003, tare da abokin aikinsa daga Shryne, Jon Brennan, da wani abokinsa, Albert Dibonaventura (1984–2003). Daga cikin ukun, Brennan ne kawai ya tsira daga ƙungiyar da rai. An shirya Shryne zai yi wasa a Station washegari da daddare, kuma an ruwaito cewa O'Neill ya yi abota da babban mawaƙin Great White Jack Russell a kwanakin kafin gobarar. A ''shekara ta 41'', iyalan Nicholas O'Neill da abokansa sun jaddada yadda yake jin barkwancinsa, basirarsa ta halitta da hikimarsa, da kuma tausayinsa. Sun lura cewa, duk da gajeriyar rayuwarsa, yana da tasiri mai kyau ga mutane da yawa, kamar yadda ya nuna ta hanyar halartar mutane sama da dubu a bikin tunawa da shi. [[Rukuni:Matattun 2003]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] ==manazarta == 2toi7jbwjowga2k9l9vfmeab2l4wejq 0 144855 968222 889415 2026-10-16T11:21:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Princess Lindiwe''' sarauniya ce ta Eswatini, fasto kuma 'yar siyasa, Ministar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Eswatini tun daga shekarar 2018. Ita ma 'yar Majalisar Dokoki ce tun daga shekarar 2018. == Ilimi == Lindiwe ta sami digiri a fannin gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Akron da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da otal daga Jami'ar Vincennes, dukkansu a Amurka. <ref name="gov">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Minister Princess Lindiwe Profile |url=https://www.gov.sz/index.php/about-us-sp-434013479/hon-minister-princess-lindiwe-profile |access-date=22 February 2026 |website=[[Government of Eswatini]]}}</ref> == Aiki == Ta fara aikinta na ƙwararru a shekarar 1985 a matsayin shugaba a Ofishin Gudanarwa na Ƙasa na Eswatini, daga baya ta zama ƙwararriyar mai kera motoci da wanki. <ref name="gov"/> A shekarar 2008, Sarki Mswati na III ya naɗa Lindiwe a matsayin memba na hukumar ba da shawara ta gargajiya ta Liqoqo. <ref name="gov"/> A shekarar 2018, ta zama 'yar majalisar dokoki kuma ministar harkokin cikin gida, kuma an sake naɗa ta a shekarar 2023. <ref name="gov" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament (MPs) 2023 — 2028 |url=https://parliament.gov.sz/houseofassembly/list/ |access-date=22 February 2026 |website=[[Parliament of Eswatini]]}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Disamba a shekarar 2025, ta yi kira ga ƙasashe a lokacin taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan Matsayin Mata a cikin Al'umma ta Zamani da su ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa don "haɓaka ƙarfafa mata".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dlamini |first1=Bongiwe |title=Home Affairs Minister Princess Lindiwe addresses Turkmenistan Conference, urges countries to accelerate women empowerment. |url=http://www.swazilandnews.co.za/fundza.php?nguyiphi=10862 |access-date=22 February 2026 |work=Swaziland News |date=15 December 2025}}</ref> A wannan watan, ta kuma bayyana, a cikin wani taro da ta yi da wakilan addinai, cewa ma'aikatarta tana da niyyar haɓaka wata manufa ta ƙasa mai haɗin kai ga dukkan majami'u a ƙasar, tana ƙin amincewa da zarge-zargen son sarrafa ayyukansu kuma cewa yin rijistar majami'u zai zama alhakin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Magagula |first1=Delisa |title=Asilwi nemasontfo – Princess Lindiwe |url=https://swazidailynews.com/archives/5656 |access-date=22 February 2026 |work=Eswatini Daily News |date=November 2025 |language=Zulu |trans-title=We are not fighting against churches – Princess Lindiwe |archive-date=12 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212053703/https://swazidailynews.com/archives/5656 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Tare da mijinta Robert Kasaro, Lindiwe tana gudanar da Cibiyar Bauta ta Yesu (JCWC). <ref name="gov"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 36ur8i4d06its24lz98ygit6w0yiwfv 0 145376 967888 828661 2026-10-15T16:40:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mfoniso Udofia''' ɗan Najeriya ne mai ba da labari, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma malami wanda aikinsa ke kan rayuwar baƙi na Najeriya a cikin Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview: Mfoniso Udofia, "The Ufot Family Cycle" |url=https://kpfa.org/area941/episode/interview-mfoniso-udofia-the-ufot-family-cycle/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=KPFA |language=en-US}}</ref> Ayyukan da aka fi sani da su daga Udofia sun haɗa da: Sojourners, Her Portmanteau, ''runboyrun'' da In Old Age <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-02 |title=Review: Exquisitely awkward family reunion onstage at ACT |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/03/02/review-exquisitely-awkward-family-reunion-onstage-at-act/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=The Mercury News |language=en-US}}</ref> --- duk suna wasa daga cikin wasanta na tara Ufot Cycle.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-07 |title='Her Portmanteau' Is a Moving, Complicated Intergenerational Portrait |url=https://sfist.com/2019/03/07/her-portmanteau-is-a-moving-complicated-inter-generational-portrait/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=SFist - San Francisco News, Restaurants, Events, & Sports |language=en |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928012851/https://sfist.com/2019/03/07/her-portmanteau-is-a-moving-complicated-inter-generational-portrait/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Janiak |first=Lily |date=April 4, 2019 |title=Review: 'In Old Age' looks young again at Magic Theatre |url=https://datebook.sfchronicle.com/theater/review-in-old-age-looks-young-again-at-magic-theatre |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Datebook |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a fim / talabijin a matsayin marubuciya-mai gabatarwa a kan shirye-shirye kamar Little America, Pachinko, A League of Their Own da Showtime's, Let the Right One In . == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == A cikin shekarun 1970s, iyayen Udofia sun yi hijira daga Najeriya zuwa Houston, Texas, a ƙarshe sun zauna a Worcester, MA.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Playwright Mfoniso Udofia '06 Reflects on Failing Forward |url=http://www.wellesley.edu/news/2017/stories/node/119416 |access-date=2020-11-20 |website=Wellesley College |language=en}}</ref> Udofia ta ci gaba da kammala karatun digiri a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Kwalejin Wellesley . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Wellesley College |url=http://www.wellesley.edu/ |access-date=2020-11-20 |website=Wellesley College |language=en}}</ref> Udofia daga nan ta ci gaba da karatunta a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Conservatory na Amurka . Bayan kammala karatunta tare da MA a cikin Acting Udofia ta koma New York don aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. Bayan kammala karatunsa, Udofia ta fara rubuta wasannin da suka shafi kwarewar baƙi na Najeriya a Amurka. Ta kuma ba da shawara ga rapper Marcus Orelias, yayin da ya halarci gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Conservatory na Amurka. == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunta na Masters a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Conservatory na Amurka, Udofia ta koma Birnin New York kuma ta fara rubuta wasan kwaikwayo. Wasan farko da ta rubuta shi ne The Grove, wasan da zai ci gaba da zama shigarwa ta biyu a cikin sake zagayowar wasanni tara mai suna, The Ufot Cycle . <ref name=":1"/> ''''Tsarin Ufot'''' ya biyo bayan dangin baƙi na Najeriya a cikin tsararraki da ke kewaya rayuwarsu da asalin su a Amurka. Wasanni ta yi karatu da / ko samarwa a: New York Theatre Workshop, American Conservatory Theater, Magic Theater, The Playwrights Realm, Boston Court, Denver Center Stage, Berkeley Rep, The National Black Theater, Manhattan Theatre Club, MCC da McCarter Theatre. An haɓaka aikinta a: Hedgebrook, Sundance Theatre Lab, Space on Ryder Farm, New Black Fest da sauransu.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.mfonisoudofia.com/ |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=Mfoniso Udofia |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2018 ta fara rubutu don talabijin, ta fara ne a matsayin marubucin ma'aikata don kakar wasa ta 3 ta Netflix, 13 Reasons Why . Ta ci gaba da rubutawa don shirye-shiryen talabijin sama da takwas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfoniso Udofia |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm4466705/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=IMDb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Justin |first=Neal |date=16 September 2022 |title=Minnesota's Playwrights' Center gets kudos from TV's hottest writers |url=https://www.startribune.com/tvs-hottest-writers-share-how-minnesotas-playwrights-center-gave-them-a-boost/600207338/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Star Tribune }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Wasanni na Ufot == Ya zuwa Oktoba 2025, an samar da bakwai daga cikin jerin wasanni tara da suka hada da Ufot Cycle Plays kuma / ko shirya su: <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ufot Family Plays |url=https://www.bostontheatrescene.com/the-ufot-family-plays/}}</ref> === #8. ''A Tsohon zamani'' === === #1. ''Masu ba da abinci'' === * Oktoba 31 - Disamba 1, 2024 * Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Huntington === #2. ''Garin Gishiri'' === * Fabrairu 7 - Maris 9, 2025 * Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Calderwood / Wimberly === #3. ''runboyrun'' === * Maris 13, 2025 a ɗakin karatu na jama'a na Boston GBH Studio * Maris 14, 2025 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Huntington === #4. ''Portmanteau'' === * Maris 27 - Afrilu 20, 2025 * Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tsakiya === #5. ''Kufre a Quay'' === * Yuli 10th - Yuli 26th, 2025 * Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha ta Boston === #6. ''Bikin'' === * Satumba 11 - Oktoba 5, 2025 * Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Joan & Edgar Booth === Farko na gaba sune === Tushen: <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2024 |title=And then There Were 9: Boston Embraces the Ufot Cycle |url=https://www.americantheatre.org/2024/10/22/and-then-there-were-9-boston-embraces-the-ufot-cycle/}}</ref> * 7. ''An ɗaga shi'' (2026) * 8. A cikin Tsohon Shekara (2026) * 9. ''Adiaha da Clora Snatch'' == Kyaututtuka / Daraja == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon !Tabbacin. |- |2024 | colspan="4" |Kyautar Steinberg Playwright | |- |2021 |Kyautar Horton Foote | | |Ya ci nasara |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabinowitz |first=Chloe |title=Dramatists Guild Announces 2021 Horton Foote Award Recipients |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/industry/article/Dramatists-Guild-Announces-2021-Horton-Foote-Award-Recipients-20210604 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=BroadwayWorld.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |2018 |Edgerton New Play Award | |''A Tsohon zamani'' |Ya ci nasara |<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Old Age - Edgerton Foundation New Play Awards |url=https://circle.tcg.org/edgertonfoundationnewplayawards/2018/in-old-age?ssopc=1 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=circle.tcg.org}}</ref> |- |2017 |Kyautar Helen Merrill don Rubuce-rubuce | | |Ya ci nasara |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-19 |title=The Legacy of Helen Merrill: A Love of Theater Lives On |url=https://www.nycommunitytrust.org/newsroom/the-legacy-of-helen-merrill-a-love-of-theater-lives-on/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=The New York Community Trust |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928012851/https://www.nycommunitytrust.org/newsroom/the-legacy-of-helen-merrill-a-love-of-theater-lives-on/ |archive-date=2022-09-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2017-2018 |PWC McKnight National Residence da Hukumar | | | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-01 |title=Mfoniso Udofia awarded 2017-18 McKnight National Residency and Commission |url=https://pwcenter.org/news/mfoniso-udofia-awarded-2017-18-mcknight-national-residency-and-commission |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Playwrights' Center |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |2016-2025 |Sabbin Masu Wasan kwaikwayo | | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfoniso Udofia {{!}} New Dramatists |url=https://newdramatists.org/mfoniso-udofia |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=newdramatists.org}}</ref> |- |2016 |Edgerton New Play Award | |''Portmanteau'' |Ya ci nasara |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sojourners & Her Portmanteau - Edgerton Foundation New Play Awards |url=https://circle.tcg.org/edgertonfoundationnewplayawards/2016/sojourners--her-portmanteau?ssopc=1 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=circle.tcg.org}}</ref> |- |2015 |Edgerton New Play Award | |''runboyrun'' |Ya ci nasara |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Run Boy Run - Edgerton Foundation New Play Awards |url=https://circle.tcg.org/edgertonfoundationnewplayawards/2015/run-boy-run?ssopc=1 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=circle.tcg.org}}</ref> |- |2015 |Edgerton New Play Award | |''Masu ba da abinci'' |Ya ci nasara |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sojourners - Edgerton Foundation New Play Awards |url=https://circle.tcg.org/edgertonfoundationnewplayawards/2015/sojourners?ssopc=1 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=circle.tcg.org}}</ref> |- |2015 |Jerin Kilroy na shekara-shekara na biyu | |''Masu ba da abinci'' |Ya ci nasara |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-27 |title=The List 2015 |url=https://thekilroys.org/list-2015/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gq5at81b3gpsn8742gkz3z0bcgd16pn 0 145952 968066 863591 2026-10-16T04:52:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ola Mildred Rexroat''' (28 ga Agusta, 1917 &#x2013; 28 ga Yuni, 2017) ita ce mace ɗaya tilo 'yar asalin Amurka da ta yi aiki a cikin Matan Jiragen Sama na Sojan Sama (WASP). <ref name="nickpenzenstadler journalstaff">{{Cite web |last=Nick Penzenstadler Journal staff |date=11 November 2010 |title=Last surviving South Dakota WASP, 'Sexy Rexy', recalls World War II service |url=http://rapidcityjournal.com/news/last-surviving-south-dakota-wasp-sexy-rexy-recalls-world-war/article_a61be93c-ed44-11df-8e3e-001cc4c002e0.html |website=Rapid City Journal}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="thespectrum.com">{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2015 |title=WASP filled with colorful pilots |url=http://www.thespectrum.com/story/news/local/mesquite/2015/06/11/wasp-filled-colorful-pilots/71073606 |access-date=July 3, 2017 |website=St. George News}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Rexroat a Argonia, Kansas a shekarar 1917, ga uba ɗan ƙasar Turai da kuma mahaifiyar Oglala . Mahaifinta mawallafi ne kuma edita kuma yana ƙaura akai-akai. Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa [[South Dakota]] tun tana ƙarama, kuma ta yi aƙalla wani ɓangare na ƙuruciyarta tare da kakarta a [[Gidan kare Indiya na Pine Ridge|Pine Ridge Reservation]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Steve |title=WWII WASP with Pine Ridge roots: "A Long the Way" |url=https://www.blackhillsfox.com/home/headlines/WWII-WASP-with-Pine-Ridge-roots--A-Long-the-Way-370746721.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720223246/https://www.blackhillsfox.com/home/headlines/WWII-WASP-with-Pine-Ridge-roots--A-Long-the-Way-370746721.html |archive-date=2016-07-20 |access-date=2019-05-09 |website=www.blackhillsfox.com |language=english}}</ref> Tun daga shekarar 1923, iyalin suka ƙaura don ta sami damar halartar makarantar gwamnati a Wynona, Oklahoma . Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar St. Mary's Episcopal Indian School da ke Springfield, South Dakota, a shekarar 1932. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-07-06 |title=Ola Mildred (Millie) Rexroat-McDonald |url=https://www.lakotacountrytimes.com/articles/ola-mildred-millie-rexroat-mcdonald/ |access-date=2019-05-09 |website=Lakota Country Times |archive-date=2019-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509032207/https://www.lakotacountrytimes.com/articles/ola-mildred-millie-rexroat-mcdonald/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rexroat ta fara shiga kwalejin malamai a Chadron, Nebraska, amma ta tafi kafin ta kammala digirinta don yin aiki a abin da yanzu ake kira Ofishin Harkokin Indiya na shekara guda. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha daga Jami'ar New Mexico a shekarar 1939. <ref name=":0" /> Bayan kwaleji, ta sake yin aiki a Ofishin Harkokin Indiya a Gallup, New Mexico na shekara guda. <ref name=":1" /> == Aikin jirgin sama da kuma rayuwar daga baya == [[Fayil:Ola_Mildred_Rexroat_2010.jpg|left|thumb|Ola Mildred Rexroat sanye da lambar zinare ta 'yan majalisa a bikin ranar 'yancin kai ta 2010 a Mount Rushmore .]] Rexroat ta yi aiki a matsayin injiniyoyi da ke gina filayen jirgin sama a El Paso, inda ta yanke shawarar koyon yadda ake tashi. Domin yin hakan, za ta buƙaci jirginta na kanta ko kuma ta shiga Matan Jiragen Sama na Sojojin Sama (WASP). Ta zaɓi na ƙarshe, ta ƙaura zuwa [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] a 1943, tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yan'uwanta mata, kuma an ɗauke ta aiki a Kwalejin Yaƙin Sojoji . Daga nan Rexroat ta je horon WASP a Sweetwater, Texas, kuma an ba ta aikin da ke da haɗari na jan wuraren da ɗaliban ke kai hari a sararin samaniya a Filin Jirgin Sama na Sojojin Eagle Pass bayan kammala karatunta. <ref name="indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com">{{Cite web |title=Warriors at Heart: Some of the Native Women Who Served in the Military |url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/04/03/warriors-heart-some-native-women-who-served-military-154298 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121011016/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/04/03/warriors-heart-some-native-women-who-served-military-154298 |archive-date=November 21, 2016 |access-date=July 3, 2017 |website=indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com}}</ref> Ta kuma taimaka wajen jigilar kaya da ma'aikata. Lokacin da aka wargaza rundunar WASP a watan Disamba na 1944, ta shiga [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]], inda ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru goma a matsayin mai kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a sansanin sojojin sama na Kirkland da ke New Mexico a lokacin yakin Koriya . <ref name="thespectrum.com"/> <ref name="indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com"/> Bayan kammala aikinta a Rundunar Sojojin Sama a shekarar 1954, ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya tsawon shekaru 33. [1] Sai da ta kai shekara 60 a shekarar 1977 ne WASP ta sami takardar shaidar soja a hukumance, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama tsohon soja. A shekara ta 2007 aka shigar da ita cikin zauren shaharar jiragen sama na South Dakota . <ref>{{Cite web |title=WASP OLA REXROAT |url=http://www.wingsacrossamerica.us/news/rexroat.html |access-date=July 3, 2017 |publisher=wingsacrossamerica.us}}</ref> A shekarar 2009, an ba ta lambar zinare ta Majalisar Dokoki tare da sauran WASP saboda nasarorin da suka samu. <ref name="sorell">At the Mountain's Base, September 17, 2019 by Traci Sorell, {{ISBN|0735230609}}</ref> == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Rexroat ta haifi ɗa ɗaya. Ta mutu a watan Yunin 2017 tana da shekaru 99. Kafin mutuwarta, ita ce WASP ta ƙarshe da ta tsira a South Dakota kuma ɗaya daga cikin WASP 275 masu rai daga cikin 1,074 na asali. <ref name="wolf">{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=White |title=Ola Mildred Rexroat: The only Native American woman to serve in the Women Airforce Service Pilots |url=http://www.whitewolfpack.com/2016/11/ola-mildred-rexroat-only-native.html |access-date=2019-05-09 |website=White Wolf}}</ref> == Gado == Watanni da dama bayan rasuwarta, an sanya wa ginin filin jirgin sama da ke sansanin sojojin sama na Ellsworth suna. <ref>{{Cite web |title=W.A.S.P. Ola "Millie" Rexroat: "If I could do something like fly" |url=https://www.sofmag.com/w-a-s-p-ola-millie-rexroat-if-i-could-do-something-like-fly/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509032214/https://www.sofmag.com/w-a-s-p-ola-millie-rexroat-if-i-could-do-something-like-fly/ |archive-date=2019-05-09 |access-date=2019-05-09 |website=Soldier of Fortune Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Rayuwarta ta zaburar da wani littafi mai hoto ga yara mai suna At the Mountain's base. <ref name="sorell">At the Mountain's Base, September 17, 2019 by Traci Sorell, {{ISBN|0735230609}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0735230609|<bdi>0735230609</bdi>]]</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1917]] ttl5qhlrf5a6v175hm2k04o3lrucjrq 0 146006 967874 836527 2026-10-15T16:17:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mercy Bampo Addo jami'in diflomasiyyar Ghana ce kuma memba ne na New Patriotic Party of Ghana . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Public timelines {{!}} Timepath |url=https://timepath.co/timelines/public/33jdlqFp8rkvIgOgd0Kc |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=timepath.co |language=en}}</ref> A halin yanzu ita ce Babban Kwamishinan Ghana a Malta, bayan da ta hau mulki a watan Yulin 2017. <ref name="11july">{{Cite web |date=2017-07-10 |title=Here's a full list of Akufo-Addo's 22 newly appointed Ambassadors |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/July-10th/heres-a-full-list-of-akufo-addos-22-newly-appointed-ambassadors.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119074322/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/July-10th/heres-a-full-list-of-akufo-addos-22-newly-appointed-ambassadors.php |archive-date=19 November 2017 |access-date=15 July 2017 |website= |publisher=myjoyonline}}</ref> Tsakanin shekara ta 2003 zuwa 2009 ta kasance Mataimakin Minista kuma marubuciyar jawabi ga Shugaban Ghana . <ref>{{Cite web |last=web_developer |title=The High Commissioner |url=https://ghanahighcomvalletta.com/the-high-commissioner/ |access-date=2021-03-13 |website=Ghana High Commission Valletta |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ta koyar da Tarihi da Harkokin Yanzu a matakin makarantar sakandare na tsawon shekaru uku da rabi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mercy Bampo Addo, Biography |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Mercy-Bampo-Addo-4366 |access-date=2021-03-13 |website=GhanaWeb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121073449/https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Mercy-Bampo-Addo-4366 |archive-date=2023-01-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=web_developer |title=The High Commissioner |url=https://ghanahighcomvalletta.com/the-high-commissioner/ |access-date=2021-03-13 |website=Ghana High Commission Valletta |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da alaƙa da jama'a sama da shekaru ashirin da farko a masana'antar koko ta Ghana sannan daga baya, a [[Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana]] (GIMPA). <ref>{{Cite web |title=President Akufo-Addo presents credentials to 22 new ambassadors |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2021-03-13 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> Daga baya, Addo ta sauya zuwa sadarwa ta gwamnati, ta dauki matsayi a Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana (GIMPA), inda ta kula da alaƙar jama'a da ayyukan gudanarwa masu alaƙa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mercy Bampo Addo, Biography |url=https://www.ghanawebbers.com/person/Mercy-Bampo-Addo-4366 |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=www.ghanawebbers.com}}</ref> == Ilimi == Bampo Addo ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]], Legon, kuma tana da digiri na biyu a cikin shugabanci da jagoranci, Digiri na Digiri a cikin Jarida da Sadarwa da kuma digiri na girmamawa a Tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mercy Bampo Addo, Biography |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Mercy-Bampo-Addo-4366 |access-date=2021-03-13 |website=GhanaWeb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121073449/https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Mercy-Bampo-Addo-4366 |archive-date=2023-01-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga baya ta ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanarwa da jagoranci daga Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Ghana da Gudanar da Jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mercy Bampo Addo - Topline |url=https://topline.com/people/mercy-bampo-addo-179152956 |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=topline.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan kammala karatun digiri na farko, Bampo Addo ta koyar da Tarihi da Harkokin Yanzu a matakin makarantar sakandare na shekaru uku da rabi, tana amfani da horar da ita a cikin saitunan ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-12 |title=The High Commissioner of Ghana presents her credentials to The President of Malta |url=https://www.marielouisecoleiropreca.com/press-centre-statement/high-commissioner-ghana-presents-credentials-president-malta/ |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca}}</ref> == Naɗin jakadan == A watan Yulin 2017, Shugaban Ghana [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya kira Mercy Bampo Addo a matsayin jakadan Ghana a [[Malta]]. Ta kasance daga cikin wasu fitattun 'yan Ghana 22 waɗanda aka nada su don jagorantar ayyukan diflomasiyya daban-daban a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-19 |title=Here's a full list of Akufo-Addo's 22 newly appointed Ambassadors - MyJoyOnline.com |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/July-10th/heres-a-full-list-of-akufo-addos-22-newly-appointed-ambassadors.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119074322/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/July-10th/heres-a-full-list-of-akufo-addos-22-newly-appointed-ambassadors.php |archive-date=2017-11-19 |access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref><ref name="gnnwe">{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Ghana News |date=11 July 2017 |title=President Akufo-Addo presents credentials to 22 new ambassadors |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/President-Akufo-Addo-presents-credentials-to-22-new-ambassadors-557760 |access-date=15 July 2017 |website= |publisher=ghanaweb}}</ref><ref name="prgov">{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=Presidency of |title=President Akufo-Addo appoints 22 more Ambassadors |url=http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/07/10/president-akufo-addo-appoints-22-more-ambassadors/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713011113/http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/07/10/president-akufo-addo-appoints-22-more-ambassadors/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=15 July 2017 |website= |publisher=presidency of Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=President Akufo-Addo presents credentials to 22 new ambassadors |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2021-03-13 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Mercy Bampo Addo ta auri Farfesa Samuel Tetteh Addo, farfesa a fannin ilimin ƙasa a Jami'ar Ghana. Suna da 'ya'ya biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mercy Bampo Addo, Biography |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Mercy-Bampo-Addo-4366 |access-date=2021-03-13 |website=GhanaWeb. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121073449/https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Mercy-Bampo-Addo-4366 |archive-date=2023-01-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mercy Bampo Addo |url=https://ghanaremembers.com/timelines/people/mercy-bampo-addo.html |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=GhanaRemembers |language=en}}</ref> === Mutumin jama'a da abubuwan da suke so === Ayyukan Bampo Addo suna tallafawa mata da matasa masu rauni a cikin al'ummomin da suka talau ta hanyar taimaka musu samun bashi da kayan aiki masu alaƙa da aiki don bunkasa yawan amfanin su da kuma samar da tattalin arziki. Bugu da ƙari, tana ba da shawara ga matasa marasa aikin yi na Ghana, da nufin inganta canjin tunani wanda ke buɗe dama a bangarorin da ba na al'ada ba.[1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mn7n6z5tsall4rqx3ndaiy86gopqpw6 0 149329 967998 830415 2026-10-15T22:00:20Z Nura Bello 24854 967998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rutger Worm''' (an haife shi ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1986) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Holland wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . == Sana'ar wasa == === NEC === Worm ya fara aikinsa a shirin matasa, Quick 1888, a Nijmegen. Daga baya ya koma ƙungiyar matasa ta Vitesse Arnhem da ke Arnhem na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya ƙare a makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NEC a shekara ta 2000. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi a matsayin madadinsa a lokacin aikinsa a NEC inda ya kuma buga wasanni da dama na Kofin Turai a ƙarƙashin koci Mario Been . === Cibiyar Melbourne === A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2010, Worm ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru da yawa tare da Melbourne Heart ya zama dan wasansu na farko da ya buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Heart Sign Former Dutch Youth International Rutger Worm |url=http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107164337/http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |archive-date=2011-01-07 |access-date=2010-02-25 |publisher=Melbourne Heart FC Official Site}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu a raga wa Heart a kakar wasa ta farko, ciki har da na farko da wani dan wasan Heart ya zura, yayin da kwallon farko da kungiyar ta ci ita ce kwallon da Ben Kantarovski ya ci da kansa. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2012, an sanar da cewa zai bar kungiyar. === Daga baya aiki === A kakar wasa ta 2012-13, Worm ya buga wa kulob din Eerste Divisie na Holland Emmen wasa. A watan Yulin 2013, ya sanya hannu da Chiangrai United a Thailand har zuwa karshen wannan shekarar. A watan Afrilun 2014, Worm ya fara atisaye da Achilles '29 . [1] A ranar 3 ga Yulin 2014, an sanar da cewa zai buga wa kulob din Groesbeek wasa a kakar wasa ta 2014-15. [2] Saboda raunin da ya samu, ya rasa wasanni biyu na farko na kakar wasa kuma ya sake samun rauni bayan makonni biyu. [3] Worm ya sake samun rauni a wasan da suka yi da RKC Waalwijk a ranar 29 ga Satumba. A ranar 25 ga Oktoban 2014, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Achilles, a wasan waje da MVV (3-2). [4] A ranar 27 ga Fabrairun 2015, ya zura kwallo 1-0 a kan VVV-Venlo (1-1) da kashin kai, wanda sakamakon haka ya rasa kofin kakar wasa. Makonni uku bayan haka ya zura kwallon da ta daidaita da kwallon volley (1-1) a wasan da suka yi da Almere City, wanda daga karshe aka ci 3-1. [5] Daga kakar wasa ta 2015-16, Worm ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta 'yan wasa ta DFS wasa. A shekarar 2018, ya koma RKHVV inda ya sanar da yin ritaya a tsakiyar shekarar 2019. [6] == Aikin koyarwa == A kakar wasa ta 2019-20, Worm ya kasance mataimakin babban kocin [[Arno Arts]] a DFS. A watan Yunin 2020, an nada shi mataimakin a DOVO zuwa babban kocin Scott Calderwood . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] dho5ogiu4pnwgmh4ptl8jeymvwh7krk 967999 967998 2026-10-15T22:04:13Z Nura Bello 24854 967999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rutger Worm''' (an haife shi ne a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu 1986) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Holland wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . == Sana'ar wasa == === NEC === Worm ya fara aikinsa a shirin matasa, Quick 1888, a Nijmegen. Daga baya ya koma ƙungiyar matasa ta Vitesse Arnhem da ke Arnhem na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya ƙare a makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NEC a shekara ta 2000. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi a matsayin madadinsa a lokacin aikinsa a NEC inda ya kuma buga wasanni da dama na Kofin Turai a ƙarƙashin koci Mario Been . === Cibiyar Melbourne === A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2010, Worm ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru da yawa tare da Melbourne Heart ya zama dan wasansu na farko da ya buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Heart Sign Former Dutch Youth International Rutger Worm |url=http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107164337/http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |archive-date=2011-01-07 |access-date=2010-02-25 |publisher=Melbourne Heart FC Official Site}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu a raga wa Heart a kakar wasa ta farko, ciki har da na farko da wani dan wasan Heart ya zura, yayin da kwallon farko da kungiyar ta ci ita ce kwallon da Ben Kantarovski ya ci da kansa. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2012, an sanar da cewa zai bar kungiyar. === Daga baya aiki === A kakar wasa ta 2012-13, Worm ya buga wa kulob din Eerste Divisie na Holland Emmen wasa. A watan Yulin 2013, ya sanya hannu da Chiangrai United a Thailand har zuwa karshen wannan shekarar. A watan Afrilun 2014, Worm ya fara atisaye da Achilles '29 . [1] A ranar 3 ga Yulin 2014, an sanar da cewa zai buga wa kulob din Groesbeek wasa a kakar wasa ta 2014-15. [2] Saboda raunin da ya samu, ya rasa wasanni biyu na farko na kakar wasa kuma ya sake samun rauni bayan makonni biyu. [3] Worm ya sake samun rauni a wasan da suka yi da RKC Waalwijk a ranar 29 ga Satumba. A ranar 25 ga Oktoban 2014, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Achilles, a wasan waje da MVV (3-2). [4] A ranar 27 ga Fabrairun 2015, ya zura kwallo 1-0 a kan VVV-Venlo (1-1) da kashin kai, wanda sakamakon haka ya rasa kofin kakar wasa. Makonni uku bayan haka ya zura kwallon da ta daidaita da kwallon volley (1-1) a wasan da suka yi da Almere City, wanda daga karshe aka ci 3-1. [5] Daga kakar wasa ta 2015-16, Worm ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta 'yan wasa ta DFS wasa. A shekarar 2018, ya koma RKHVV inda ya sanar da yin ritaya a tsakiyar shekarar 2019. [6] == Aikin koyarwa == A kakar wasa ta 2019-20, Worm ya kasance mataimakin babban kocin [[Arno Arts]] a DFS. A watan Yunin 2020, an nada shi mataimakin a DOVO zuwa babban kocin Scott Calderwood . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] 0wp0kq0idqixhsk83bae3fvpo46jn8s 968000 967999 2026-10-15T22:07:59Z Nura Bello 24854 968000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rutger Worm''' (an haife shi ne a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu 1986) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Holland wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . == Sana'ar wasa == === NEC === Worm ya fara aikinsa ne a shirin matasa, Quick 1888, a Nijmegen. Daga baya ya koma ƙungiyar matasa ta Vitesse Arnhem da ke Arnhem na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya ƙare a makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NEC a shekara ta 2000. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi a matsayin madadinsa a lokacin aikinsa a NEC inda ya kuma buga wasanni da dama na Kofin Turai a ƙarƙashin koci Mario Been . === Cibiyar Melbourne === A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2010, Worm ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru da yawa tare da Melbourne Heart ya zama dan wasansu na farko da ya buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Heart Sign Former Dutch Youth International Rutger Worm |url=http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107164337/http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |archive-date=2011-01-07 |access-date=2010-02-25 |publisher=Melbourne Heart FC Official Site}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu a raga wa Heart a kakar wasa ta farko, ciki har da na farko da wani dan wasan Heart ya zura, yayin da kwallon farko da kungiyar ta ci ita ce kwallon da Ben Kantarovski ya ci da kansa. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2012, an sanar da cewa zai bar kungiyar. === Daga baya aiki === A kakar wasa ta 2012-13, Worm ya buga wa kulob din Eerste Divisie na Holland Emmen wasa. A watan Yulin 2013, ya sanya hannu da Chiangrai United a Thailand har zuwa karshen wannan shekarar. A watan Afrilun 2014, Worm ya fara atisaye da Achilles '29 . [1] A ranar 3 ga Yulin 2014, an sanar da cewa zai buga wa kulob din Groesbeek wasa a kakar wasa ta 2014-15. [2] Saboda raunin da ya samu, ya rasa wasanni biyu na farko na kakar wasa kuma ya sake samun rauni bayan makonni biyu. [3] Worm ya sake samun rauni a wasan da suka yi da RKC Waalwijk a ranar 29 ga Satumba. A ranar 25 ga Oktoban 2014, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Achilles, a wasan waje da MVV (3-2). [4] A ranar 27 ga Fabrairun 2015, ya zura kwallo 1-0 a kan VVV-Venlo (1-1) da kashin kai, wanda sakamakon haka ya rasa kofin kakar wasa. Makonni uku bayan haka ya zura kwallon da ta daidaita da kwallon volley (1-1) a wasan da suka yi da Almere City, wanda daga karshe aka ci 3-1. [5] Daga kakar wasa ta 2015-16, Worm ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta 'yan wasa ta DFS wasa. A shekarar 2018, ya koma RKHVV inda ya sanar da yin ritaya a tsakiyar shekarar 2019. [6] == Aikin koyarwa == A kakar wasa ta 2019-20, Worm ya kasance mataimakin babban kocin [[Arno Arts]] a DFS. A watan Yunin 2020, an nada shi mataimakin a DOVO zuwa babban kocin Scott Calderwood . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] 5ve4bjgihtv3ugzpuri6h3fk31bn78j 968001 968000 2026-10-15T22:09:49Z Nura Bello 24854 968001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rutger Worm''' (an haife shi ne a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu 1986) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Holland wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . == Sana'ar wasa == === NEC === Worm ya fara aikinsa ne a shirin matasa, Quick 1888, a Nijmegen. Daga baya ya koma ƙungiyar matasa ta Vitesse Arnhem da ke Arnhem na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya ƙare a makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NEC a shekara ta 2000. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi a matsayin madadinsa a lokacin aikinsa a NEC inda ya kuma buga wasanni da dama na Kofin Turai a ƙarƙashin koci Mario Been . === Cibiyar Melbourne === A ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu 2010, Worm ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru da yawa tare da Melbourne Heart ya zama dan wasansu na farko da ya buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Heart Sign Former Dutch Youth International Rutger Worm |url=http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107164337/http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |archive-date=2011-01-07 |access-date=2010-02-25 |publisher=Melbourne Heart FC Official Site}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu a raga wa Heart a kakar wasa ta farko, ciki har da na farko da wani dan wasan Heart ya zura, yayin da kwallon farko da kungiyar ta ci ita ce kwallon da Ben Kantarovski ya ci da kansa. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2012, an sanar da cewa zai bar kungiyar. === Daga baya aiki === A kakar wasa ta 2012-13, Worm ya buga wa kulob din Eerste Divisie na Holland Emmen wasa. A watan Yulin 2013, ya sanya hannu da Chiangrai United a Thailand har zuwa karshen wannan shekarar. A watan Afrilun 2014, Worm ya fara atisaye da Achilles '29 . [1] A ranar 3 ga Yulin 2014, an sanar da cewa zai buga wa kulob din Groesbeek wasa a kakar wasa ta 2014-15. [2] Saboda raunin da ya samu, ya rasa wasanni biyu na farko na kakar wasa kuma ya sake samun rauni bayan makonni biyu. [3] Worm ya sake samun rauni a wasan da suka yi da RKC Waalwijk a ranar 29 ga Satumba. A ranar 25 ga Oktoban 2014, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Achilles, a wasan waje da MVV (3-2). [4] A ranar 27 ga Fabrairun 2015, ya zura kwallo 1-0 a kan VVV-Venlo (1-1) da kashin kai, wanda sakamakon haka ya rasa kofin kakar wasa. Makonni uku bayan haka ya zura kwallon da ta daidaita da kwallon volley (1-1) a wasan da suka yi da Almere City, wanda daga karshe aka ci 3-1. [5] Daga kakar wasa ta 2015-16, Worm ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta 'yan wasa ta DFS wasa. A shekarar 2018, ya koma RKHVV inda ya sanar da yin ritaya a tsakiyar shekarar 2019. [6] == Aikin koyarwa == A kakar wasa ta 2019-20, Worm ya kasance mataimakin babban kocin [[Arno Arts]] a DFS. A watan Yunin 2020, an nada shi mataimakin a DOVO zuwa babban kocin Scott Calderwood . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] 9pff4syk9mmopv40766vycxsus1drfy 968002 968001 2026-10-15T22:11:11Z Nura Bello 24854 968002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rutger Worm''' (an haife shi ne a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu 1986) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Holland wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . == Sana'ar wasa == === NEC === Worm ya fara aikinsa ne a shirin matasa, Quick 1888, a Nijmegen. Daga baya ya koma ƙungiyar matasa ta Vitesse Arnhem da ke Arnhem na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya ƙare a makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NEC a shekara ta 2000. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi a matsayin madadinsa a lokacin aikinsa a NEC inda ya kuma buga wasanni da dama na Kofin Turai a ƙarƙashin koci Mario Been . === Cibiyar Melbourne === A ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu 2010, Worm ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru da yawa tare da Melbourne Heart ya zama dan wasansu na farko da ya buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Heart Sign Former Dutch Youth International Rutger Worm |url=http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107164337/http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |archive-date=2011-01-07 |access-date=2010-02-25 |publisher=Melbourne Heart FC Official Site}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu a raga wa Heart a kakar wasa ta farko, ciki har da na farko da wani dan wasan Heart ya zura, yayin da kwallon farko da kungiyar ta ci ita ce kwallon da Ben Kantarovski ya ci da kansa. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2012, an sanar da cewa zai bar kungiyar. === Daga baya aiki === A kakar wasa ta 2012-13, Worm ya buga wa kulob din Eerste Divisie na Holland Emmen wasa. A watan Yulin a 2013, ya sanya hannu da Chiangrai United a Thailand har zuwa karshen wannan shekarar. A watan Afrilun 2014, Worm ya fara atisaye da Achilles '29 . [1] A ranar 3 ga Yulin 2014, an sanar da cewa zai buga wa kulob din Groesbeek wasa a kakar wasa ta 2014-15. [2] Saboda raunin da ya samu, ya rasa wasanni biyu na farko na kakar wasa kuma ya sake samun rauni bayan makonni biyu. [3] Worm ya sake samun rauni a wasan da suka yi da RKC Waalwijk a ranar 29 ga Satumba. A ranar 25 ga Oktoban 2014, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Achilles, a wasan waje da MVV (3-2). [4] A ranar 27 ga Fabrairun 2015, ya zura kwallo 1-0 a kan VVV-Venlo (1-1) da kashin kai, wanda sakamakon haka ya rasa kofin kakar wasa. Makonni uku bayan haka ya zura kwallon da ta daidaita da kwallon volley (1-1) a wasan da suka yi da Almere City, wanda daga karshe aka ci 3-1. [5] Daga kakar wasa ta 2015-16, Worm ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta 'yan wasa ta DFS wasa. A shekarar 2018, ya koma RKHVV inda ya sanar da yin ritaya a tsakiyar shekarar 2019. [6] == Aikin koyarwa == A kakar wasa ta 2019-20, Worm ya kasance mataimakin babban kocin [[Arno Arts]] a DFS. A watan Yunin 2020, an nada shi mataimakin a DOVO zuwa babban kocin Scott Calderwood . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] 4ace4gg96hbqd4orbh3pdebq981q0jq 968003 968002 2026-10-15T22:12:14Z Nura Bello 24854 968003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rutger Worm''' (an haife shi ne a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu 1986) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Holland wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . == Sana'ar wasa == === NEC === Worm ya fara aikinsa ne a shirin matasa, Quick 1888, a Nijmegen. Daga baya ya koma ƙungiyar matasa ta Vitesse Arnhem da ke Arnhem na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya ƙare a makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NEC a shekara ta 2000. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi a matsayin madadinsa a lokacin aikinsa a NEC inda ya kuma buga wasanni da dama na Kofin Turai a ƙarƙashin koci Mario Been . === Cibiyar Melbourne === A ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu 2010, Worm ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru da yawa tare da Melbourne Heart ya zama dan wasansu na farko da ya buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Heart Sign Former Dutch Youth International Rutger Worm |url=http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107164337/http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |archive-date=2011-01-07 |access-date=2010-02-25 |publisher=Melbourne Heart FC Official Site}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu a raga wa Heart a kakar wasa ta farko, ciki har da na farko da wani dan wasan Heart ya zura, yayin da kwallon farko da kungiyar ta ci ita ce kwallon da Ben Kantarovski ya ci da kansa. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2012, an sanar da cewa zai bar kungiyar. === Daga baya aiki === A kakar wasa ta 2012-13, Worm ya buga wa kulob din Eerste Divisie na Holland Emmen wasa. A watan Yulin a 2013, ya sanya hannu da Chiangrai United a Thailand har zuwa karshen wannan shekarar. A watan Afrilun 2014, Worm ya fara atisaye da Achilles '29 . [1] A ranar 3 ga Yulin 2014, an sanar da cewa zai buga wa kulob din Groesbeek wasa a kakar wasa ta 2014-15. [2] Saboda raunin da ya samu, ya rasa wasanni biyu na farko na kakar wasa kuma ya sake samun rauni bayan makonni biyu. [3] Worm ya sake samun rauni a wasan da suka yi da RKC Waalwijk a ranar 29 ga Satumba. A ranar 25 ga watan Oktoban 2014, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Achilles, a wasan waje da MVV (3-2). [4] A ranar 27 ga Fabrairun 2015, ya zura kwallo 1-0 a kan VVV-Venlo (1-1) da kashin kai, wanda sakamakon haka ya rasa kofin kakar wasa. Makonni uku bayan haka ya zura kwallon da ta daidaita da kwallon volley (1-1) a wasan da suka yi da Almere City, wanda daga karshe aka ci 3-1. [5] Daga kakar wasa ta 2015-16, Worm ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta 'yan wasa ta DFS wasa. A shekarar 2018, ya koma RKHVV inda ya sanar da yin ritaya a tsakiyar shekarar 2019. [6] == Aikin koyarwa == A kakar wasa ta 2019-20, Worm ya kasance mataimakin babban kocin [[Arno Arts]] a DFS. A watan Yunin 2020, an nada shi mataimakin a DOVO zuwa babban kocin Scott Calderwood . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] t2ur5bw56igyg4mcn60ofr4i81w8i5g 968080 968003 2026-10-16T07:43:41Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Cibiyar Melbourne */ 968080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rutger Worm''' (an haife shi ne a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu 1986) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Holland wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . == Sana'ar wasa == === NEC === Worm ya fara aikinsa ne a shirin matasa, Quick 1888, a Nijmegen. Daga baya ya koma ƙungiyar matasa ta Vitesse Arnhem da ke Arnhem na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya ƙare a makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NEC a shekara ta 2000. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi a matsayin madadinsa a lokacin aikinsa a NEC inda ya kuma buga wasanni da dama na Kofin Turai a ƙarƙashin koci Mario Been . === Cibiyar Melbourne === A ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 2010, Worm ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru da yawa tare da Melbourne Heart ya zama dan wasansu na farko da ya buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Heart Sign Former Dutch Youth International Rutger Worm |url=http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107164337/http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |archive-date=2011-01-07 |access-date=2010-02-25 |publisher=Melbourne Heart FC Official Site}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu a raga wa Heart a kakar wasa ta farko, ciki har da na farko da wani dan wasan Heart ya zura, yayin da kwallon farko da kungiyar ta ci ita ce kwallon da Ben Kantarovski ya ci da kansa. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2012, an sanar da cewa zai bar kungiyar. === Daga baya aiki === A kakar wasa ta 2012-13, Worm ya buga wa kulob din Eerste Divisie na Holland Emmen wasa. A watan Yulin a 2013, ya sanya hannu da Chiangrai United a Thailand har zuwa karshen wannan shekarar. A watan Afrilun 2014, Worm ya fara atisaye da Achilles '29 . [1] A ranar 3 ga Yulin 2014, an sanar da cewa zai buga wa kulob din Groesbeek wasa a kakar wasa ta 2014-15. [2] Saboda raunin da ya samu, ya rasa wasanni biyu na farko na kakar wasa kuma ya sake samun rauni bayan makonni biyu. [3] Worm ya sake samun rauni a wasan da suka yi da RKC Waalwijk a ranar 29 ga Satumba. A ranar 25 ga watan Oktoban 2014, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Achilles, a wasan waje da MVV (3-2). [4] A ranar 27 ga Fabrairun 2015, ya zura kwallo 1-0 a kan VVV-Venlo (1-1) da kashin kai, wanda sakamakon haka ya rasa kofin kakar wasa. Makonni uku bayan haka ya zura kwallon da ta daidaita da kwallon volley (1-1) a wasan da suka yi da Almere City, wanda daga karshe aka ci 3-1. [5] Daga kakar wasa ta 2015-16, Worm ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta 'yan wasa ta DFS wasa. A shekarar 2018, ya koma RKHVV inda ya sanar da yin ritaya a tsakiyar shekarar 2019. [6] == Aikin koyarwa == A kakar wasa ta 2019-20, Worm ya kasance mataimakin babban kocin [[Arno Arts]] a DFS. A watan Yunin 2020, an nada shi mataimakin a DOVO zuwa babban kocin Scott Calderwood . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] 70vc4tgfjyij6x8glr6albc78o55c7b 968081 968080 2026-10-16T07:44:05Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Aikin koyarwa */ 968081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rutger Worm''' (an haife shi ne a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu 1986) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Holland wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . == Sana'ar wasa == === NEC === Worm ya fara aikinsa ne a shirin matasa, Quick 1888, a Nijmegen. Daga baya ya koma ƙungiyar matasa ta Vitesse Arnhem da ke Arnhem na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya ƙare a makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NEC a shekara ta 2000. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi a matsayin madadinsa a lokacin aikinsa a NEC inda ya kuma buga wasanni da dama na Kofin Turai a ƙarƙashin koci Mario Been . === Cibiyar Melbourne === A ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 2010, Worm ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru da yawa tare da Melbourne Heart ya zama dan wasansu na farko da ya buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Heart Sign Former Dutch Youth International Rutger Worm |url=http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107164337/http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |archive-date=2011-01-07 |access-date=2010-02-25 |publisher=Melbourne Heart FC Official Site}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu a raga wa Heart a kakar wasa ta farko, ciki har da na farko da wani dan wasan Heart ya zura, yayin da kwallon farko da kungiyar ta ci ita ce kwallon da Ben Kantarovski ya ci da kansa. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2012, an sanar da cewa zai bar kungiyar. === Daga baya aiki === A kakar wasa ta 2012-13, Worm ya buga wa kulob din Eerste Divisie na Holland Emmen wasa. A watan Yulin a 2013, ya sanya hannu da Chiangrai United a Thailand har zuwa karshen wannan shekarar. A watan Afrilun 2014, Worm ya fara atisaye da Achilles '29 . [1] A ranar 3 ga Yulin 2014, an sanar da cewa zai buga wa kulob din Groesbeek wasa a kakar wasa ta 2014-15. [2] Saboda raunin da ya samu, ya rasa wasanni biyu na farko na kakar wasa kuma ya sake samun rauni bayan makonni biyu. [3] Worm ya sake samun rauni a wasan da suka yi da RKC Waalwijk a ranar 29 ga Satumba. A ranar 25 ga watan Oktoban 2014, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Achilles, a wasan waje da MVV (3-2). [4] A ranar 27 ga Fabrairun 2015, ya zura kwallo 1-0 a kan VVV-Venlo (1-1) da kashin kai, wanda sakamakon haka ya rasa kofin kakar wasa. Makonni uku bayan haka ya zura kwallon da ta daidaita da kwallon volley (1-1) a wasan da suka yi da Almere City, wanda daga karshe aka ci 3-1. [5] Daga kakar wasa ta 2015-16, Worm ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta 'yan wasa ta DFS wasa. A shekarar 2018, ya koma RKHVV inda ya sanar da yin ritaya a tsakiyar shekarar 2019. [6] == Aikin koyarwa == A kakar wasa ta shekara ta 2019-20, Worm ya kasance mataimakin babban kocin [[Arno Arts]] a DFS. A watan Yunin 2020, an nada shi mataimakin a DOVO zuwa babban kocin Scott Calderwood . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] 4u3rnnow0vrzzn7glvs1cdyjlu2yelc 968103 968081 2026-10-16T09:16:35Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Daga baya aiki */ 968103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rutger Worm''' (an haife shi ne a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu 1986) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Holland wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . == Sana'ar wasa == === NEC === Worm ya fara aikinsa ne a shirin matasa, Quick 1888, a Nijmegen. Daga baya ya koma ƙungiyar matasa ta Vitesse Arnhem da ke Arnhem na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya ƙare a makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NEC a shekara ta 2000. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi a matsayin madadinsa a lokacin aikinsa a NEC inda ya kuma buga wasanni da dama na Kofin Turai a ƙarƙashin koci Mario Been . === Cibiyar Melbourne === A ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 2010, Worm ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru da yawa tare da Melbourne Heart ya zama dan wasansu na farko da ya buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Heart Sign Former Dutch Youth International Rutger Worm |url=http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107164337/http://www.melbourneheartfc.com.au/default.aspx?s=aleague_newsdisplay&id=32806 |archive-date=2011-01-07 |access-date=2010-02-25 |publisher=Melbourne Heart FC Official Site}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu a raga wa Heart a kakar wasa ta farko, ciki har da na farko da wani dan wasan Heart ya zura, yayin da kwallon farko da kungiyar ta ci ita ce kwallon da Ben Kantarovski ya ci da kansa. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2012, an sanar da cewa zai bar kungiyar. === Daga baya aiki === A kakar wasa ta 2012-13, Worm ya buga wa kulob din Eerste Divisie na Holland Emmen wasa. A watan Yulin a 2013, ya sanya hannu da Chiangrai United a Thailand har zuwa karshen wannan shekarar. A watan Afrilu shekara ta 2014, Worm ya fara atisaye da Achilles '29 . [1] A ranar 3 ga Yulin 2014, an sanar da cewa zai buga wa kulob din Groesbeek wasa a kakar wasa ta 2014-15. [2] Saboda raunin da ya samu, ya rasa wasanni biyu na farko na kakar wasa kuma ya sake samun rauni bayan makonni biyu. [3] Worm ya sake samun rauni a wasan da suka yi da RKC Waalwijk a ranar 29 ga Satumba. A ranar 25 ga watan Oktoban 2014, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Achilles, a wasan waje da MVV (3-2). [4] A ranar 27 ga Fabrairun 2015, ya zura kwallo 1-0 a kan VVV-Venlo (1-1) da kashin kai, wanda sakamakon haka ya rasa kofin kakar wasa. Makonni uku bayan haka ya zura kwallon da ta daidaita da kwallon volley (1-1) a wasan da suka yi da Almere City, wanda daga karshe aka ci 3-1. [5] Daga kakar wasa ta 2015-16, Worm ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta 'yan wasa ta DFS wasa. A shekarar 2018, ya koma RKHVV inda ya sanar da yin ritaya a tsakiyar shekarar 2019. [6] == Aikin koyarwa == A kakar wasa ta shekara ta 2019-20, Worm ya kasance mataimakin babban kocin [[Arno Arts]] a DFS. A watan Yunin 2020, an nada shi mataimakin a DOVO zuwa babban kocin Scott Calderwood . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] rk7gkv55wk39ia699abyh3p53sa72wu 0 150780 967958 834692 2026-10-15T19:33:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mohannad Abdul-Raheem Karrar''' ( Arabic ; an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Satumba 1993), <ref>{{Cite web |title=تشكيلة منتخب الشباب الحالية |url=http://www.niiiis.com/ysquad.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926223306/http://www.niiiis.com/ysquad.html |archive-date=26 September 2013 |access-date=22 January 2013 |website=niiiis.com}}</ref> [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Iraki wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar Al-Minaa ta Iraq da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Iraq . Ɗan wasan Olympian, <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2017 |title=Athletes – Famous Olympic Athletes, Medalists, Sports Heroes |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/mohanad-abdulraheem |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126060832/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/mohanad-abdulraheem |archive-date=26 November 2016 |access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref> Mohannad shine ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa na Asiya na shekara ta 2012, <ref name="AYF">{{Cite web |title=AFC Youth Player of the Year (Men): Mohanad Abdulraheem |url=http://www.the-afc.com/2012-awards/afc-youth-player-of-the-year-men-mohanad-abdulraheem |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901021420/http://www.the-afc.com/2012-awards/afc-youth-player-of-the-year-men-mohanad-abdulraheem |archive-date=1 September 2017 |access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref> kuma gwarzon MVP na gasar AFC U-19 ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The AFC.Com Abdulraheem named MVP |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/tournaments/men-a-youth/afc-u19-championship/40579-mvp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120001256/http://www.the-afc.com/en/tournaments/men-a-youth/afc-u19-championship/40579-mvp |archive-date=20 November 2012 |access-date=19 December 2017 |publisher=AFC}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Tun yana ƙarami, mai goyon bayan Al-Zawraa kuma ɗan wani Sheikh na ƙabila yana yin lokacin hutunsa a filin wasa na siminti a unguwarsu yana buga ƙwallo tare da abokai. <ref name="OLY">{{Cite web |last=Mubarak |first=Hassanin |title=Iraq Olympic Team Profile |url=https://ahdaaf.me/2016/08/02/iraq-olympic-team-profile/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222104944/https://ahdaaf.me/2016/08/02/iraq-olympic-team-profile/ |archive-date=22 December 2017 |access-date=20 December 2017}}</ref> Marigayi kawunsa Razzaq ne ya ƙarfafa shi ya fara wasan kuma ya horar da shi da ƙungiyoyin shaabiya na farko a Najoum Al-Mualameen da Iskan Al-Shaabi, manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa guda biyu a yankinsa tsakanin Iskan da Mualameen inda ɓangarorin biyu ke son matashin mai hazaka a cikin ƙungiyarsu. <ref name="OLY" /> Abdul-Raheem ya yi gwaji da wata ƙungiyar Khutout ta gida a ƙarƙashin Ismail Saleem, amma an yi watsi da shi, sai ya fara a ƙungiyar matasa ta Al-Karkh, kuma ya yi kakar wasa a Al-Shabab a rukuni na biyu bayan ya dawo daga zama a Siriya don gujewa rashin zaman lafiya a babban birnin Iraki - bayan ya rasa kawunsa da ɗan'uwansa Mohammed sakamakon tashin hankalin da aka yi a Baghdad. Rayuwarsa ta canza lokacin da kocinsa [[Nasrat Nassir]] a Al-Karkh SC na Baghdad ya canza shi daga buga wasa a matsayin ɗan gaba mai faɗi zuwa matsayin gaba a tsakiyar ƙungiyar yayin da yake shiga ƙungiyar farko ta Al-Karkh. <ref name="OLY"/> === Al Karkh === Abdul-Raheem ya fara wasansa na matasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Al Karkh FC a shekarar 2006 kuma ya kammala karatunsa a ƙungiyar farko a shekarar 2009. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=18 September 2016 |title=Meet Mohanad Abdul-Raheem: Iraq's most promising talisman |url=http://socceriraq.net/2016/09/18/meet-mohanad-abdul-raheem/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022123149/http://socceriraq.net/2016/09/18/meet-mohanad-abdul-raheem/ |archive-date=22 October 2017 |access-date=19 December 2017 |website=[[Soccer Iraq]]}}</ref> A wasansa na farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta farko, Mohannad ya zura kwallaye uku a raga kuma ya taimaka wa Al-Karkh ya cancanci shiga gasar Firimiya ta Iraki. A shekarar 2012, Mohannad ya bar Al-Karkh ya koma Duhok SC . === Dukhok === Shekaru uku bayan fara buga gasar, Abdul-Raheem ya koma Duhok inda ya shafe shekaru biyu daga 2012 zuwa 2014. A can ya nuna ƙwarewarsa wanda hakan ya sa ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na matasan Iraqi. === JS Kabylie === Mohannad ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar bugawa JS Kabylie a Algeria. <ref>{{Cite web |title=إدارة دهوك: مهند عبد الرحيم سيرحل عن الفريق صوب الاحتراف في الجزائر |url=http://fk-news.com/4982-%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%88%D9%83:+%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF+%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%85+%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82+%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803211444/http://fk-news.com/4982-%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%88%D9%83:+%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF+%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%85+%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82+%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1.html |archive-date=3 August 2017 |access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a minti na 87 na wasan gasar da MC El Eulma, kuma ya zura ta biyu bayan minti daya. Ya kammala kakar wasa da kwallaye 4 a wasanni 12 a gasar. Kungiyar ta kare a matsayi na 13, inda ta tsira daga faduwa da maki daya kacal. An fitar da kungiyar a zagayen kwata-kwata na gasar cin kofin, inda ta sha kashi a hannun ES Sétif da ci 2-1. Ya ji rauni kuma ya kasa daidaitawa da rayuwa a Algeria saboda mutuwar abokin wasansa [[Albert Ebossé Bodjongo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2014 |title=العراقي مهند عبد الرحيم يتمنى مغادرة الشبيبة ويصف الجمهور الجزائري بالمتعصب ..!؟ |url=http://www.stadenews.com/ar/algeria/3942 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219200500/http://www.stadenews.com/ar/algeria/3942 |archive-date=19 December 2017 |access-date=9 July 2017 |language=ar-AR}}</ref> A wata hira da Soccer Iraq, dan wasan ya bayyana cewa ya yanke shawarar rage lokacinsa da kungiyar Aljeriya saboda lamarin. <ref name="auto"/> === Al Zawraa === Abdul-Raheem ya koma Iraki a kakar wasa ta 2015/16 tare da Al Zawraa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2015 |title=مهند عبد الرحيم يوقع لنادي الزوراء لتمثيله الموسم المقبل |url=https://www.baghdad-times.net/2015/06/12/%d9%85%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%82%d8%b9-%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803181143/https://www.baghdad-times.net/2015/06/12/%d9%85%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%82%d8%b9-%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85/ |archive-date=3 August 2017 |access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref> shi ne fitaccen ɗan wasa yayin da ya kammala kakar wasa da kwallaye 12, inda ya kasance babban ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a raga, haka kuma ya lashe gasar tare da Al Zawraa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=رسميا .. الزوراء بطلا للدوري العراقي |url=http://www.mawazin.net/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524074615/http://www.mawazin.net/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A |archive-date=24 May 2016 |access-date=9 July 2017 |website=Mawazin News}}</ref> Ya kuma kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Iraki tare da ƙungiyarsa, inda ya sha kashi a hannun abokan hamayyarsa Al Quwa Al Jawiya . === Al Nasr === A ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 2016, Abdulraheem ya rattaba hannu kan Al-Nasr Dubai a matsayin ɗan wasan Asiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2016 |title=Mohanad Abdulraheem signs for Dubai outfit Al Nasr |url=http://socceriraq.net/2016/10/19/mohanad-abdulraheem-signs-for-dubai-outfit-al-nasr/ |access-date=19 December 2017 |website=Soccer Iraq |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901094145/http://socceriraq.net/2016/10/19/mohanad-abdulraheem-signs-for-dubai-outfit-al-nasr/ |archive-date=1 September 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya kasance a wurin don maye gurbin Wanderley da aka dakatar amma bayan dawowarsa daga dakatarwar da aka yi masa, Al Nasr ya ɗauki Mohannad a matsayin wanda ya fi dacewa, sannan ya maye gurbinsa da Joan Oumari ɗan Lebanon wanda ya ɗauki matsayin ɗan ƙasar waje na Asiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=النصر يضم المدافع اللبناني جوان العمري قادماً من سيفاسبور التركي |url=https://www.sharjah24.ae/ar/sports/uae/185444-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812062226/https://www.sharjah24.ae/ar/sports/uae/185444-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A |archive-date=12 August 2017 |access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref> Mohannad ya bar ƙungiyar bayan ya buga wasanni 10 kacal, inda ya zira kwallaye 4. === Komawa zuwa Al Zawraa === Mohannad ya koma Al Zawraa a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2017. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=SoccerIraq|date=20 January 2017}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (September 2018)">babu tushen farko da ake buƙata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu da Al Quwa Al Jawiya, inda ya sami katin rawaya a rabin farko na wasan. An yi masa keta a cikin akwatin bugun fenariti daga baya a wasan amma Fahad Talib ya ceci bugun fenariti, Al Quwa Al Jawiya ya zira kwallaye dakika 30 bayan ya rasa bugun fenariti kuma wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2017 |title=Radhi's late goal stuns Baghdad as El Clasico ends in stalemate |url=http://socceriraq.net/2017/02/10/radhis-late-goal-stuns-baghdad-el-clasico-ends-stalemate/ |access-date=19 December 2017 |website=Soccer Iraq |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901094145/http://socceriraq.net/2017/02/10/radhis-late-goal-stuns-baghdad-el-clasico-ends-stalemate/ |archive-date=1 September 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya zira kwallonsa ta farko bayan dawowarsa a ranar 2 ga Maris a kan Al Talaba a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 2- === Al Dhafra === A ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2017, Mohannad ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zuwa Al-Dhafra a gasar Pro-League ta UAE . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2017 |title=Mohanad has joined UAE club @aldhafraclub |url=https://twitter.com/SoccerIraq/status/887759367302336512 |access-date=19 December 2017 |website=[[Soccer Iraq]] |publisher=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 8 ga Satumba, inda ya zura kwallo a wasansu da Al Jazira a gasar cin kofin League ta UAE . <ref>{{Cite web |title=كأس الخليج العربي.. الوصل الإماراتي يتخطى دبا الفجيرة وتعادل الظفرة والجزيرة |url=https://www.eremnews.com/sports/football/arab/uae/982609 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916225509/https://www.eremnews.com/sports/football/arab/uae/982609 |archive-date=16 September 2017 |access-date=19 December 2017 |language=ar-AR}}</ref> Ya sake komawa Al Zawraa a watan Janairun 2018. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] ==manazarta== 5jn6nd6y1gyrqyt8a78bwde2gwffmkc 0 151065 968068 900315 2026-10-16T05:08:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Olga Meshoe Washington''' (14 ga Satumba 1981 - 6 ga Janairu 2025) lauya ce ta Afirka ta Kudu da aka sani da aikinta a dangantakar addinai da kuma bayar da shawarwari ga [[Isra'ila]] . Olga kuma memba ne na kwamitin kuma Babban ma'aikacin IBSI, yana kula da Ofishin Masu Magana. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Meshoe Washington ita ce 'yar fari ta ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu Reverend Kenneth Meshoe, shugaban majalisa na Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Kirista ta Afirka . Ta sami digiri na shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Pretoria]] . <ref name="news obit">{{Cite web |last=Hofmeyer |first=Marina |date=7 January 2025 |title=Rest in peace: A tribute to Olga Meshoe Washington |url=https://joynews.co.za/rest-in-peace-a-tribute-to-olga-meshoe-washington/ |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=JOY! News |archive-date=21 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250821212525/https://joynews.co.za/rest-in-peace-a-tribute-to-olga-meshoe-washington/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Mijinta, Joshua Washington, ɗan Dumisani Washington ne, wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Cibiyar Black Solidarity tare da Isra'ila (IBSI). [1] A bikin aurensu, an raba teburin don samar da hadayu na kosher (shopped herring da mock crayfish), ko abubuwan da ba na kosher ba (cikin shanu, ciki, offal, samfurin da "ƙafafu masu gudu"). [2] Meshoe Washington ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Janairun 2025, wata daya bayan an gano shi da [[lupus]]. Tana da shekaru 43, kuma mijinta da 'ya'ya maza biyu sun mutu.<ref name="y235">{{Cite web |last=Salant |first=Izzy |date=7 January 2025 |title=Jewish groups mourn death of Olga Washington, Christian Zionist, staunch Israel supporter |url=https://www.columbusjewishnews.com/jns/jewish-groups-mourn-death-of-olga-washington-christian-zionist-staunch-israel-supporter/article_f9fba5d3-d400-5d5c-982e-51c7656655d7.html |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=Columbus Jewish News}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="y314">{{Cite web |last=Medupe |first=Kgomotso |date=7 January 2025 |title=Kenneth Meshoe mourns daughter's passing! |url=https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/news/kenneth-meshoes-daughter-olga-passes-in-the-usa-after-sudden-lupus-diagnosis-20250107 |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=Daily Sun}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] 0ipzf55gp8fjo8ikc7ypr2x6vx7j2nf 0 151251 968106 836091 2026-10-16T09:39:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Godly Michael''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan gaba a ƙungiyar Ironi Tiberias ta ƙasar Isra'ila . == Aikin kulob == === Norway === A watan Fabrairun 2018, Michael ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu da ƙungiyar Eliteserien ta Vålerenga . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2018 |title=Peter Godly Michael har signert |url=http://www.vif-fotball.no/nyheter/peter-godly-michael-har-signert |access-date=27 February 2018 |website=www.vif-fotball.no |publisher=[[Vålerenga Fotball]] |language=Norwegian}}</ref> === VPS === A ranar 29 ga Maris 2023, Michael ya shiga VPS a Finland kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=Tervetuloa Vepsuun Peter Godly Michael! |trans-title=Welcome to Vespu Peter Godly Michael! |url=https://www.vepsu.fi/uutinen1/tervetuloa-vepsuun-peter-godly-michael |access-date=29 March 2023 |publisher=VPS |language=fi}}</ref> A lokacin kakar wasa, Michael ya zira kwallo ɗaya kacal a rabin farko na kakar wasa. Tun daga watan Yuli, ya zira kwallaye 16 a rabin kakar wasa na biyu. An nada Michael a matsayin ɗan wasan Veikkausliiga na wata sau huɗu a jere a watan Yuli, Agusta, Satumba da Oktoba na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2023 |title=Tässä on Veikkausliigan kuukauden pelaaja - toinen valinta putkeen |url=https://www.sportti.com/uutinen.asp?CAT=3-1&ID=500162 |access-date=29 September 2023 |publisher=sportti.com |language=fi}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2023 |title=VPS:n Peter Michael Veikkausliigan kuukauden pelaaja myös syyskuussa |url=https://www.veikkaus.fi/fi/veikkausuutiset/tags/veikkausliiga/sponsorointi2023/jalkapallo/051023-veikkausliiga-syyskuun-pelaaja |access-date=5 October 2023 |publisher=[[Veikkaus]] |language=fi}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Satumba, 2023, VPS ta yi amfani da zaɓin da ta yi na ci gaba da riƙe Michael a Vaasa har zuwa ƙarshen 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2023 |title=Peter Michael jatkaa Vepsussa! |url=https://vepsu.fi/uutinen1/peter-michael-jatkaa-vepsussa |access-date=10 October 2023 |publisher=[[Vaasan Palloseura|VPS]] |language=fi}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 2023, an nada Michael a matsayin ɗan wasan Veikkausliiga na kakar wasa, a duk kuri'un da magoya baya suka kaɗa. A ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2023, an ba Michael kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasan Veikkausliiga na shekara, kuma an nada shi a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan gaba na kakar wasa. === CFR Cluj === A ranar 19 ga Janairu 2024, Michael ya rattaba hannu da kulob din CFR Cluj na Romania kan kudin da ba a bayyana ba, [1] [2] [3] ana rade-radin cewa darajarsa za ta kai kusan €500,000. [4] [5] Bayan kwana goma, ya zura kwallo a wasansa na farko a gasar La Liga ta farko ta hanyar yin canji, a wasan da suka doke Voluntari da ci 4-1. [6] == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|10 May 2025}}<ref name=sw>{{Soccerway|peter-godly-michael/539965}}</ref><ref>{{NFF|3371262}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup{{Efn|Includes [[Norwegian Football Cup|Norwegian Cup]], [[Suomen Cup]] and [[Cupa României]]}} ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="3" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Vålerenga |2018 |Eliteserien |13 |3 |2 |1 | colspan="2" |— |15 |4 |- |Vålerenga 2 |2018 |2. divisjon |7 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |7 |2 |- |Skeid (loan) |2019 |1. divisjon |7 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |7 |1 |- |Øygarden (loan) |2020 |1. divisjon |16 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |16 |6 |- | rowspan="4" |Sogndal |2020 |1. divisjon |11 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |11 |3 |- |2021 |1. divisjon |5 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5 |2 |- |2022 |1. divisjon |12 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !28 !7 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !30 !7 |- | rowspan="3" |Sogndal 2 |2021 |3. divisjon |5 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- |2022 |4. divisjon |6 |7 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |6 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !11 !7 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !11 !7 |- |Grorud |2022 |1. divisjon |10 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |10 |6 |- |VPS |2023 |Veikkausliiga |28 |17 |4 |2 | colspan="2" |— |32 |19 |- | rowspan="3" |CFR Cluj |2023–24 |Liga I |18 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- |2024–25 |Liga I |13 |2 |3 |0 |4{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Conference League]]}} |0 |20 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !31 !3 !4 !0 !4 !0 !39 !3 |- |Ironi Tiberias (loan) |2024–25 |Israeli Premier League |10 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !161 !53 !12 !3 !4 !0 !177 !56 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] kd9ffpftysfuqzlx16a3d4k08biina1 0 151390 968037 836537 2026-10-16T00:26:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kelede Nathan Oduwa''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Maris 1996) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon gefe]] . Ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20, da kuma Najeriya a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 . == Aikin kulob == === Tottenham Hotspur === An haife shi a Bloomsbury, Greater London, Oduwa ya koma [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] yana da shekaru 11 kuma ya ci gaba a tsarin matasa na ƙungiyar, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko a watan Yulin 2012. <ref name="Tottenham">{{Cite web |title=Nathan Oduwa |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/development-squad/nathan-oduwa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914150035/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/development-squad/nathan-oduwa/ |archive-date=14 September 2016 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur F.C.}}</ref> Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ta ƙungiyar wasa, inda ya buga wasanni 24 kuma ya zira kwallaye 10 a kakar wasa ta 2013-14 . <ref name="Tottenham" /> An ɗaga Oduwa zuwa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 a kakar wasa ta gaba, inda ya zira kwallaye huɗu. <ref name="Tottenham" /> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2015, Oduwa ya koma kulob din League Two [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2014-15 . Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar kwallon kafa ta Football League a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin Shaun Whalley a minti na 59 a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] a filin wasa na Kassam . Ya kammala zaman aro da wasanni 11 ga Luton, takwas daga cikinsu sun zo ne a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa. A ranar 13 ga Agusta 2015, Oduwa, tare da abokin wasansa na Spurs, Dominic Ball, sun sanya hannu a kulob din [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] na gasar Scotland Championship a kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya fara wasa a minti na 61 a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin Barrie McKay a wasan da suka doke Alloa Athletic da ci 5-1 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hedworth |first=Alice |date=16 August 2015 |title=Alloa Athletic 1–5 Rangers |url=https://rangers.co.uk/news/match-report/2015-16/alloa-athletic-1-5-rangers/ |access-date=20 January 2018 |publisher=Rangers F.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120185133/https://rangers.co.uk/news/match-report/2015-16/alloa-athletic-1-5-rangers/ |archive-date=20 January 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A lokacin wasan, ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce ta hanyar yin wasan bakan gizo, wanda wani mai tsaron baya na Alloa ya kira "rashin girmamawa". Oduwa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga kulob din Ibrox a wasan da suka doke Dumbarton da ci 4-0 a gida a ranar 1 ga Disamba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomson |first=Nick |date=1 December 2015 |title=Rangers 4–0 Dumbarton |url=https://rangers.co.uk/news/match-report/2015-16/rangers-x-dumbarton-x/ |access-date=20 January 2018 |publisher=Rangers F.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112052544/https://rangers.co.uk/news/match-report/2015-16/rangers-x-dumbarton-x/ |archive-date=12 January 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A ƙarshen Oktoba, ya sami damar taimakawa wajen taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye hudu, da kuma cin kwallaye da dama. Duk da haka, yayin da Rangers ke neman ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka na dindindin a matsayin Oduwa, an dakatar da lokacin aronsa, kuma ya koma Tottenham Hotspur a ranar 17 ga Janairu 2016. A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2016, Oduwa ya sanya hannu a kulob din League One Colchester United a matsayin aro na wata daya. Ya buga wasanni biyu kacal a kulob din, dukkansu a matsayin madadinsa. A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2016, Oduwa ya koma kulob din League One na Peterborough United a matsayin aro har zuwa 2 ga Janairu 2017. [1] Ya fara buga wa kulob din wasa a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 a gida da Swindon Town a ranar 3 ga Satumba. [2] Manajan Peterborough Grant McCann ya tabbatar da cewa Oduwa ya koma Tottenham a ranar 1 ga Janairu, bayan ya buga wasanni tara da suka maye gurbinsa. [2] [3] === Olimpija Ljubljana === A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2017, Oduwa ya rattaba hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku a kulob din PrvaLiga na Slovenia Olimpija Ljubljana . Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Maribor da ci 1-0. <ref name="Soccerway">{{Cite web |title=N. Oduwa: Summary |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/nathan-oduwa/289838/ |access-date=11 December 2018 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> Oduwa ya bar kulob din a ranar 22 ga Yuli, 2018, bayan an soke kwangilarsa bisa amincewar juna. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2018 |title=Nathan Oduwa je zapustil Olimpijo |url=http://www.nkolimpija.si/nathan-oduwa-je-zapustil-olimpijo-news |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725123112/http://www.nkolimpija.si/nathan-oduwa-je-zapustil-olimpijo-news |archive-date=25 July 2018 |access-date=22 July 2018 |publisher=NK Olimpija Ljubljana}}</ref> === Vejle Boldklub === A ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2018, Vejle Boldklub ya sanar da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2018 |title=VB skriver kontrakt med Nathan Oduwa |url=https://vejle-boldklub.dk/vb-skriver-kontrakt-med-nathan-oduwa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001182810/https://vejle-boldklub.dk/vb-skriver-kontrakt-med-nathan-oduwa/ |archive-date=1 October 2018 |access-date=1 October 2018 |publisher=Vejle Boldklub}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2018, Vejle da Oduwa sun amince su soke kwangilar 'yan wasa kafin lokaci. === Hapoel Hadera === A ranar 30 ga Janairun 2019, Oduwa ya sanya hannu a kulob din Hapoel Hadera na gasar Firimiya ta Isra'ila . <ref>[https://www.one.co.il/article/18-19/1,1,6940,59579/329079.html המחליף של פלומין: אודווה חתם בהפועל חדרה], Alon Ben David, 30 January 2018 {{In lang|he}}</ref> === Dundalk === A ranar 10 ga Maris 2020, Oduwa ya sanya hannu a matsayin zakaran gasar League of Ireland Premier Division Dundalk . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lilywhites Complete The Signing of Nathan Oduwa - Dundalk Football Club |url=https://www.dundalkfc.com/lilywhites-complete-the-signing-of-nathan-oduwa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803231702/https://www.dundalkfc.com/lilywhites-complete-the-signing-of-nathan-oduwa/ |archive-date=2020-08-03 |website=www.dundalkfc.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2020 |title=Dundalk Complete the Signing of Former Tottenham & Rangers Attacker |url=https://extra.ie/2020/03/11/sport/soccernews/dundalk-complete-signing-of-former-tottenham-rangers-attacker}}</ref> === Shamakhi === A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2022, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Azerbaijan, Keşla, ta sanar da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Oduwa a kan kwantiragi har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2021–22 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2022 |title=Natan Oduva ilə müqavilə imzalandı |url=http://www.keshlafc.az/v2019/news/1531-natan-oduva-il%C9%99-m%C3%BCqavil%C9%99-imzaland%C4%B1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207091542/http://www.keshlafc.az/v2019/news/1531-natan-oduva-il%C9%99-m%C3%BCqavil%C9%99-imzaland%C4%B1 |archive-date=7 February 2022 |access-date=7 February 2022 |website=keshlafc.az/ |publisher=Keşla FK |language=Azerbaijani}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2022, '''Keşla FK''' ta canza sunanta zuwa '''Shamakhi FK''' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2022 |title=Peşəkar Futbol Liqasının məlumatı |url=http://www.pfl.az/news/10467/ |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=pfl.az |publisher=Azerbaijan Premier League |language=Azerbaijani}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0kndn14s63qjm61ix86a9uga83zd5at 0 152486 967965 920327 2026-10-15T20:26:03Z Nura Bello 24854 967965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''''''WaSH'''''' (ko '''WatSan''', WaSH; wanda ya samo asali ne daga haruffa na farko na "[[Samar da Ruwa|ruwa]], [[Tsafta|tsabta]] da tsabta") wani bangare ne na hadin gwiwar ci gaba, ko a cikin [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]], wanda ke ba da ruwa, tsabta, da sabis na tsabta ga al'ummomi. Babban manufar samar da damar yin amfani da ayyukan WASH shine don cimma samun nasarar kiwon lafiya na jama'a, aiwatar da [[Haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli|Hakkin ɗan adam ga ruwa da tsabta]], rage nauyin tattara ruwan sha ga mata, da inganta ilimi da sakamakon kiwon lafiya a makarantu da wuraren kiwon lafiya. Samun dama ga ayyukan WASH wani muhimmin bangare ne na [[Tsaro na ruwa]].<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=REACH Global Strategy 2020-2024 |url=https://reachwater.org.uk/resource/reach-global-strategy-2020-2024/ |website=REACH program |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> Duniyar duniya, mai araha, da kuma samun dama mai ɗorewa ga WASH babban batu ne a cikin ci gaban kasa da kasa, kuma shine mayar da hankali ga manufofi biyu na farko na Ci gaba mai ɗorewar Ci gaba 6 (SDG 6). <ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Goal 6 .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform |url=https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg6 |access-date=2017-11-17 |website=sustainabledevelopment.un.org |language=en}}</ref> Manufofin 6.1 da 6.2 suna da niyyar samun ruwa mai daidaituwa da tsabta ga kowa. A cikin 2017, an kiyasta cewa mutane biliyan 2.3 suna rayuwa ba tare da kayan aikin [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] ba, kuma mutane miliyan 844 suna rayuwa ba ba tare da samun ruwan sha mai aminci da tsabta ba. Ƙididdigar WASH tana amfani da ita sosai ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da hukumomin agaji a [[Developing country|Kasashe masu tasowa]]. An yi nazarin nauyin cutar da raunin da ake samu a WASH sosai. Cututtuka da yanayin da ke da alaƙa da rashin WASH sun haɗa da [[Gudawa/Zawo|zawo]], [[Rashin abinci mai gina jiki]], da raguwa, ban da Cututtukan da aka yi watsi da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burden of disease |url=https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/water-sanitation-and-health/burden-of-disease |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin haɗarin kiwon lafiya ga mata, alal misali, yayin [[Juna biyu|ciki]] da haihuwa, ko kuma dangane da kula da tsabtace haila.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Padma |last2=Baker |first2=Kelly K. |last3=Dutta |first3=Ambarish |last4=Swain |first4=Tapoja |last5=Sahoo |first5=Sunita |last6=Das |first6=Bhabani Sankar |last7=Panda |first7=Bijay |last8=Nayak |first8=Arati |last9=Bara |first9=Mary |last10=Bilung |first10=Bibiana |last11=Mishra |first11=Pravas Ranjan |last12=Panigrahi |first12=Pinaki |last13=Cairncross |first13=Sandy |last14=Torondel |first14=Belen |date=30 June 2015 |title=Menstrual Hygiene Practices, WASH Access and the Risk of Urogenital Infection in Women from Odisha, India |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=10 |issue=6 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1030777D |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0130777 |pmc=4488331 |pmid=26125184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Rashin ciki na yau da kullun na iya samun mummunar tasiri na dogon lokaci a kan yara dangane da ci gaban jiki da fahimta.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Water, Sanitation & Hygiene: Strategy Overview |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Water-Sanitation-and-Hygiene |access-date=27 April 2015 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}}</ref> Duk da haka, tattara takamaiman shaidar kimiyya game da sakamakon kiwon lafiya wanda ya haifar da ingantaccen damar zuwa WASH yana da wahala saboda dalilai masu rikitarwa. Masana sun ba da shawarar buƙatar nazarin dogon lokaci game da ingancin fasaha, ƙarin bincike game da tsoma baki na tsabta, da kuma nazarin tasirin haɗuwa da yawa don inganta nazarin sakamakon kiwon lafiya na WASH.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Waddington H, Snilstveit B, White H, Fewtrell L |date=2012 |title=Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to combat childhood diarrhoea in developing countries |url=http://3ieimpact.org/evidence-hub/publications/systematic-reviews/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-interventions-combat |journal=Journal of Development Effectiveness |doi=10.23846/sr0017 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana buƙatar samun damar zuwa WASH ba kawai anayin sa bane a matakin gida ba har ma a cikin saitunan da ba na gida ba kamar makarantu, wuraren kiwon lafiya, wuraren aiki, kurkuku, saitunan amfani na wucin gadi da kuma ga yawan mutanen da suka rabu.<ref name=":21">{{Cite journal |last=Cronk |first=Ryan |last2=Slaymaker |first2=Tom |last3=Bartram |first3=Jamie |date=2015 |title=Monitoring drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in non-household settings: Priorities for policy and practice |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1438463915000267 |journal=International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health |language=en |volume=218 |issue=8 |pages=694–703 |bibcode=2015IJHEH.218..694C |doi=10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.003 |pmid=25836758}}</ref> A makarantu, wuraren wanke hannu na rukuni na iya inganta tsabta. Rashin wuraren WASH a makarantu sau da yawa yakan sa ɗaliban mata kada su halarci makaranta, don haka rage nasarorin da suka samu a ilimi.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: Introduction |url=http://www.unicef.org/wash/index_3951.html |access-date=27 April 2015 |website=UNICEF}}</ref> Yana da wahala a samar da ayyukan WASH masu sarrafawa cikin aminci a cikin ƙauyuka na birane. Tsarin WASH na iya kasawa ba da daɗewa ba bayan shigarwa (misali, [[Tsarin rarraba ruwa]] mai leki). Ƙarin ƙalubale sun haɗa da tushen ruwa mai gurɓata da [[Tsaro na ruwa|Tasirin]] [[Canjin yanayi]] akan tsaro na ruwa. Hanyoyin tsarawa don samun dama mai aminci da daidaito ga WASH sun haɗa da, alal misali, shirye-shiryen WASH na ƙasa da saka idanu, Ƙarfafa mata, da inganta yanayin yanayi na ayyukan WASH. Kyakkyawan iyawa a cikin tsarin kula da ruwa na iya taimakawa wajen shawo kan wasu tasirin abubuwan da suka shafi yanayi da kara karfin yanayi.<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=REACH Global Strategy 2020-2024 |url=https://reachwater.org.uk/resource/reach-global-strategy-2020-2024/ |website=REACH program |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> : 25 Masu ruwa da tsaki a ma'auni daban-daban, alal misali, daga ƙananan kayan aiki na birane zuwa gwamnatocin ƙasa, suna buƙatar samun damar samun bayanai masu aminci game da yanayin yankin da duk wani canje-canje da ake tsammani saboda canjin yanayi. Tunanin WASH ya haɗa bangarori daban-daban na samar da [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]], gami da samun damar yin amfani da ayyukan ruwan sha, tsaftacewa, da [[Tsafta|tsabta]] saboda tasirin raunin a kowane yanki ya mamaye sosai. [[Fayil:Water_Lebuje_camp,_Uganda.jpg|thumb|Mata sun yi layi a rami don cika kwantena da ruwa (Labuje IDP camp, Kitgum, Kitgum District, Northern Region of Uganda) Yankin Arewacin Uganda) ]] [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] and [[UNICEF]] state that a safe drinking water service is one that is located in an accessible location, available when needed, and uncontaminated. Additionally, [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] and [[UNICEF]] use the terms [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|improved water source]] and unimproved water source as a water quality monitoring tool. The term "improved water source" refers to piped water on premises. Examples include a piped household water connection located inside the user's dwelling plot or yard, and other improved drinking water sources such as public taps or [[Famfon titi mai tsayi|standpipes]], [[Ruwa mai zurfi|tube wells]] or [[Rijiyar burtsatse|boreholes]], protected dug [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|wells]], protected [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|springs]], and [[Girbi ruwan sama|rainwater collection]]. Samun damar ruwan sha an haɗa shi a cikin Manufar 6.1 na Ci Gaban Ci gaba mai dorewa Manufar 6 (SDG 6), wanda ya ce: "Zuwa 2030, cimma damar samun ruwa mai kyau da kuma daidaito ga kowa da kowa. " <ref name="UN_A/RES/71/313">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017 |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N17/207/63/PDF/N1720763.pdf?OpenElement |website=United Nations |id=A/RES/71/313 |quote=Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development}}</ref> Wannan alamar manufa guda ɗaya, Mai nuna 6.1.1, wanda ya bayyana "Rashin yawan jama'a ta amfani da ayyukan ruwa mai sarrafawa". <ref name="Ritchie_2018">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ritchie, Roser, Mispy, Ortiz-Ospina |date=2018 |title=Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. (SDG 6) |url=https://sdg-tracker.org/water-and-sanitation |journal=SDG-Tracker.org}}</ref> A cikin 2017, mutane miliyan 844 har yanzu ba su da sabis na ruwan sha na asali. : 3 A cikin 2019, an ruwaito cewa mutane miliyan 435 sun yi amfani da hanyoyin da ba a inganta su ba don ruwan sha, kuma miliyan 144 har yanzu suna amfani da ruwan sama, kamar tabkuna da rafi. Ana iya samun ruwan sha daga tushen ruwa masu zuwa: ruwa na sama, [[Ruwa na kasa|Ruwa na ƙasa]], ko ruwan sama, a kowane hali bayan tattarawa, magani, da rarrabawa. Rashin ruwa mai tsabta shine wani tushen ruwa mai kyau. Mutanen da ba su da damar samun amintaccen, abin dogaro, samar da ruwa na cikin gida suna fuskantar karancin [[Tsaro na ruwa]] a takamaiman lokuta a ko'ina cikin shekara saboda sauye-sauye na sake zagayowar ruwa ko inganci.<ref>{{Cite book|ref=6}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Taye |first=Meron Teferi |last2=Dyer |first2=Ellen |date=22 August 2019 |title=Ethiopia's future is tied to water -- a vital yet threatened resource in a changing climate |url=http://theconversation.com/ethiopias-future-is-tied-to-water-a-vital-yet-threatened-resource-in-a-changing-climate-121844 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=The Conversation |language=en}}</ref> Misali, inda ba a samun damar samun ruwa a cikin gida ba, [[ingancin ruwa]] sha a wurin amfani (PoU) na iya zama mafi muni idan aka kwatanta da inganci a wurin tattarawa (PoC). Ayyukan gida masu kyau game da tsabta, ajiya, da magani suna da mahimmanci. Akwai hulɗa tsakanin yanayi, tushen ruwa, da gudanarwa, kuma waɗannan su ma suna tasiri ga lafiyar ruwan sha.<ref name="Katrina20222">{{Cite journal |last=Charles |first=Katrina J. |last2=Howard |first2=Guy |last3=Villalobos Prats |first3=Elena |last4=Gruber |first4=Joshua |last5=Alam |first5=Sadekul |last6=Alamgir |first6=A.S.M. |last7=Baidya |first7=Manish |last8=Flora |first8=Meerjady Sabrina |last9=Haque |first9=Farhana |last10=Hassan |first10=S.M. Quamrul |last11=Islam |first11=Saiful |date=2022 |title=Infrastructure alone cannot ensure resilience to weather events in drinking water supplies |journal=Science of the Total Environment |language=en |volume=813 |bibcode=2022ScTEn.81351876C |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151876 |pmid=34826465 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ayyukan tsaftacewa ba za su cika ba tare da ingantaccen sarrafa laka ba (FSM), wanda shine ajiya, tattarawa, sufuri, magani, da kuma amfani da ƙarshen aminci ko zubar da laka. : 3 An bayyana laka na Fecal sosai kamar yadda abin da ke tarawa a cikin tsarin [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace wuri]] (misali latrines, tankuna da mafita na kwantena) kuma musamman ba a jigilar shi ta hanyar datti.<ref name=":73" /> : Ma'aikatan [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] 5 su ne mutanen da ake buƙata don tsaftacewa, kiyayewa, aiki, ko zubar da fasahar [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] a kowane mataki na sarkar tsabtace muvalangi. == Sassa == Ra’ayin WASH yana haɗa fannoni daban-daban na samar da ruwa, ciki har da samun ruwan sha, tsafta da kuma tsabtar jiki saboda tasirin kowanne bangare yana da alaƙa da juna. === Ruwan sha === [[File:Water Lebuje camp, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Mata suna layi a rijiyar burtsatse don cika kwantena da ruwa (Labuje IDP camp, Kitgum, Uganda)]] WHO da UNICEF sun bayyana cewa ruwan sha mai aminci shi ne wanda yake a wurin da ake iya zuwa, yana samuwa a lokacin da ake buƙata, kuma ba ya gurɓata.<ref name="WHO_UNICEF_Progress_2017">{{cite report |url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/258617/9789241512893-eng.pdf?sequence=1 |title=Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene |date=2014 |publisher=JMP, WHO and UNICEF |isbn=978-92-4-151289-3 |access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref> Ana bambance tsakanin “ingantaccen tushen ruwa” da “tushen da ba a inganta ba” a matsayin hanyar sa ido kan ingancin ruwa.<ref name="ourworldindata_Hannah_2018">{{citation |title=Water Access, Resources & Sanitation |url=https://ourworldindata.org/water-access-resources-sanitation#access-to-improved-water-sources |work=OurWorldInData.org |year=2018 |access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref> Manufar SDG 6.1 ta ce: “Daga yanzu zuwa 2030, a tabbatar da samun ruwan sha mai aminci da sauƙi ga kowa da kowa.”<ref name="UN_A/RES/71/313">{{cite web | work = United Nations | date = 2017 | title = Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017 |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N17/207/63/PDF/N1720763.pdf?OpenElement}}</ref> A 2017, mutane miliyan 844 ba su da ma ko ruwan sha na asali.<ref name=":7" /> A 2019, mutane miliyan 435 suna amfani da tushen ruwa da ba a inganta ba, kuma miliyan 144 suna amfani da ruwan saman ƙasa kamar tafkuna da koguna.<ref name=":13">{{cite report |title=Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2017 |date=2019 |publisher=UNICEF and WHO}}</ref> === Ruwan ƙasa === Ruwan ƙasa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci musamman a yankunan da ba su da isasshen ruwan saman ƙasa.<ref name=":19">{{cite journal |title=Divergent effects of climate change on future groundwater availability |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |date=2020}}</ref> Fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ruwan da ake amfani da shi a duniya yana fitowa daga ƙasa. Amma sauyin yanayi da yawan jama’a suna ƙara matsin lamba kan wannan albarkatun.<ref name=":19" /> Ruwan ƙasa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Observed controls on resilience of groundwater to climate variability in sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Nature |volume=572 |date=2019}}</ref> Amma yawanci ana ɗaukar ruwan ƙasa ba tare da tacewa ba, wanda ke iya ɗauke da gurɓatattun sinadarai kamar fluoride, arsenic, nitrate da salinity.<ref name=":33">{{Cite journal |title=Water chemistry poses health risks as reliance on groundwater increases |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=904 |date=2023}}</ref> === Tsafta === Tsarin tsafta yana da matakai daga mafi ƙasa zuwa mafi inganci: buɗaɗɗen bayan gida, mara inganci, iyakantacce, na asali, da kuma wanda aka sarrafa lafiya.<ref name="WHO_2017">{{cite web |title=Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines |publisher=WHO and UNICEF |year=2017}}</ref> Ingantaccen bayan gida yana nufin wanda aka ƙera don raba najasa daga hulɗar ɗan adam.<ref name="WHO_2017" /> Manufar SDG 6.2 ta ce: “Daga yanzu zuwa 2030, a tabbatar da samun tsafta da tsabtar jiki ga kowa da kowa, tare da kulawa ga mata da ’yan mata da masu rauni.”<ref name="UN_A/RES/71/3132">{{cite web |date=2017 |title=Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017 |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N17/207/63/PDF/N1720763.pdf?OpenElement}}</ref> A 2017, mutane biliyan 4.5 ba su da bayan gida mai aminci a gidajensu.<ref name=":74">{{Cite book |title=Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines |publisher=WHO, UNICEF |year=2017}}</ref> ==== Gudanar da najasa da ma’aikatan tsafta ==== Gudanar da najasa yana nufin tara, jigila, tacewa da kuma zubar da najasa cikin aminci.<ref name=":73">{{Cite book |title=Methods for Faecal Sludge Analysis |publisher=IWA Publishing |year=2021}}</ref> Ma’aikatan tsafta su ne waɗanda ke tsaftacewa, kula da bayan gida da tsarin tsafta.<ref name=":0a">World Bank, ILO, WaterAid, and WHO (2019). Health, Safety and Dignity of Sanitation Workers.</ref> === Tsabtar jiki === [[File:Pupil_washes_hands_during_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana.jpg|thumb|Daliba tana wanke hannu a Ghana]] Tsabtar jiki yana nufin halaye da yanayi da ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye lafiya da hana yaduwar cututtuka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hygiene: Overview |url=https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/hygiene |publisher=WHO}}</ref> A cikin WASH, wanke hannu da sabulu da ruwa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. “Tsabtar jiki na asali” shi ne inda ake da wurin wanke hannu da sabulu da ruwa a gida.<ref name="WHO_2017" /> A 2017, rahoto ya nuna cewa kashi 25% na mutane a ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi ne kawai ke da wurin wanke hannu da sabulu a gida; a Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara kashi 14% ne kawai.<ref name=":7" /> A duniya, mata da ’yan mata miliyan 500 ba su da wuraren tsafta da aminci don kula da al’ada.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Menstrual Hygiene Management Enables Women and Girls to Reach Their Full Potential |work=World Bank |date=2018}}</ref> Kusan kashi 40% na mutanen duniya ba su da wurin wanke hannu da sabulu a gida.<ref name="UN-Water">{{Cite web |title=Handwashing/Hand hygiene |url=https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/handhygiene/ |website=UN-Water}}</ref> == Tasirin rashin WASH == [[File:Mortality rate attributable to unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), OWID.svg|thumb|Yawan mace-mace da ke da alaƙa da rashin ruwa, tsafta da tsabtar jiki.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mortality rate attributable to unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mortality-rate-attributable-to-wash |access-date=5 March 2020 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref>]] [[File:F-diagram-01.jpg|thumb|“F-diagram” (najasa, yatsu, ƙwari, filaye, ruwa, abinci), yana nuna hanyoyin yaduwar cututtukan da najasa ke haifarwa.]] === Rukunin tasirin lafiya === Tasirin rashin tsafta da ruwan sha mai aminci ya kasu gida uku:<ref name="WHOHealth2018">{{Cite book |url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241514705 |title=Guidelines on sanitation and health |publisher=World Health Organization |year=2018}}</ref> # Tasirin kai tsaye: cututtuka da najasa ke haifarwa kamar [[gudawa]], helminthiasis da cututtukan ƙwari. # Tasirin sakamako: kamar nakasar girma, ƙarancin nauyi, matsalar haihuwa, raunin kwakwalwa, ciwon huhu da anemia. # Tasirin rayuwa gaba ɗaya: damuwa, cin zarafi, rashin zuwa makaranta, talauci, raguwar tattalin arziki da juriya ga magunguna.<ref name="WHOHealth2018" /> === Nauyin cututtuka da rauni da WASH ke haifarwa === WHO ta bincika yawan mace-mace da cututtuka da rashin WASH ke haifarwa. Sun mai da hankali kan gudawa, cututtukan huhu, rashin abinci mai gina jiki da helminthiasis.<ref name=":32" /> A 2019, amfani da WASH mai aminci zai iya hana mutuwar mutane miliyan 1.4 da DALYs miliyan 74.<ref name=":32" /> Gudawa ce ta fi yawa, fiye da mutuwar miliyan 1 da DALYs miliyan 55.<ref name=":32" /> Cututtukan huhu su ne na biyu, sai rashin abinci mai gina jiki da helminthiasis. Yawan mace-mace ya fi yawa a ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi.<ref name=":32" /> Yankunan Afirka da Asiya ta Kudu sun fi shafa. Rashin tsafta kamar buɗaɗɗen bayan gida yana da alaƙa da gudawa da cututtukan ƙwari.<ref name="UN2015">{{cite web |title=Call to action on sanitation |url=http://sanitationdrive2015.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/DSG_Sanitation_Fast-Facts_final.pdf |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> Rahoton WHO na 2016 ya nuna cewa WASH ya haifar da kashi 3.3% na mutuwar duniya da kashi 4.6% na DALYs.<ref name=":17" /> A 2002, an kiyasta mutuwar mutane miliyan 5 a shekara daga cututtukan da za a iya kaucewa.<ref>{{cite report |date=2002 |title=Dirty Water: Estimated Deaths from Water-Related Diseases 2000–2020 |publisher=Pacific Institute}}</ref> === Jerin cututtuka === Aƙalla akwai cututtuka guda goma sha biyu da ke yawaita idan babu WASH:<ref name=":17">{{cite book |title=Safer Water, Better Health |publisher=WHO |year=2019}}</ref> * Gudawa * Cututtukan huhu * Helminthiasis * Malaria * Trachoma * Schistosomiasis * Lymphatic filariasis * Onchocerciasis * Dengue * Japanese encephalitis * Rashin abinci mai gina jiki * Nutsewa Akwai kuma wasu cututtuka da ake danganta da rashin WASH kamar arsenicosis, fluorosis, legionellosis, leptospirosis, hepatitis A da E, guba daga cyanobacteria, guba daga gubar ƙarfe, scabies, raunin kashin baya, polio, matsalolin jarirai da uwa, da sauran cututtuka.<ref name=":17" /> === Gudawa, rashin abinci da nakasar girma === Gudawa yawanci tana yaduwa ta hanyar hulɗar najasa da abinci. A 2011, gudawa ta haifar da mutuwar yara miliyan 0.7 ƙasa da shekaru biyar.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea |journal=Lancet |date=2013}}</ref> Wannan ya yi daidai da mutuwar yara 2000 a rana.<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Diarrhoeal disease|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/}}</ref> Yara masu gudawa suna fi saurin zama ƙarancin nauyi da nakasar girma.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Open defecation and childhood stunting in India |journal=PLOS ONE |date=2013}}</ref> Nazarin WHO ya nuna cewa kusan rabin matsalolin rashin abinci mai gina jiki a yara ƙasa da shekaru biyar suna da alaƙa da gudawa ko cututtukan ƙwari.<ref name="WHO2008Bartram">{{cite report |title=Safer water, better health |publisher=WHO |year=2008}}</ref> === Cututtukan da aka manta (NTDs) === WASH yana taimakawa wajen hana cututtukan da aka manta kamar helminthiasis.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |title=Challenges and opportunities associated with neglected tropical disease |journal=BMC Public Health |year=2015}}</ref> Fiye da mutane biliyan 2 suna da cutar ƙwari ta ƙasa.<ref>{{cite report |title=Soil-transmitted helminth infections |publisher=WHO |year=2014}}</ref> WHO ta ƙaddamar da dabarar haɗa WASH da NTDs tun 2015.<ref>{{cite report |title=Water Sanitation and Hygiene for accelerating and sustaining progress on Neglected Tropical Diseases |publisher=WHO |year=2015}}</ref> === Ƙarin haɗarin lafiya ga mata === Mata suna fuskantar haɗarin cututtuka saboda ƙarancin WASH.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Vulnerability of women to climate change |journal=Journal of Arid Environments |year=2018}}</ref> Mata masu juna biyu suna fuskantar matsaloli wajen zuwa wurin tara ruwa. Rashin tsafta na al’ada yana ƙara haɗarin cututtuka.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Menstrual hygiene in South Asia |journal=Gender & Development |year=2010}}</ref> === Haɗarin lafiya ga ma’aikatan tsafta === Ma’aikatan tsafta suna fuskantar haɗarin lafiya daga najasa da suke kula da ita.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Methods for Faecal Sludge Analysis |publisher=IWA Publishing |year=2021}}</ref> === Tasirin sauyin yanayi === Sauyin yanayi yana ƙara haɗarin cututtuka da dama.<ref name=":32" /> === Ingancin shirin WASH === Akwai muhawara kan tasirin shirin WASH. Nazarin ya nuna cewa wanke hannu da sabulu yana rage haɗarin gudawa da kashi 40%.<ref name="Fewtrell">{{cite journal |title=Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions |journal=The Lancet |year=2005}}</ref> Haka kuma, amfani da chlorine wajen tsabtace ruwa ya rage yawan cholera da kashi 75%.<ref name="Taylor">{{cite journal |title=The Impact of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions to Control Cholera |journal=PLOS ONE |year=2015}}</ref> == Bangarorin jinsi na rashin ayyukan WASH == Mata da 'yan mata ne suka fi fuskantar kalubale saboda rashin ingantattun ayyukan WASH.<ref name=":34"/><ref name=":35">{{Cite journal |last1=Bisung |first1=Elijah |last2=Dickin |first2=Sarah |date=2019 |title=Concept mapping: Engaging stakeholders to identify factors that contribute to empowerment in the water and sanitation sector in West Africa |journal=SSM - Population Health |language=en |volume=9 |article-number=100490 |doi=10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100490 |pmc=6978480 |pmid=31993485 |doi-access=free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] An kwashe rubutun ne daga wannan madogara, wacce ke da lasisin [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref> Rashin isasshen agaji na samun ruwa da tsafta na shafar mata da 'yan mata ta hanyoyi da dama saboda al'adun da ke akwai a wasu al'ummomi da ke sanya su a matsayin manyan masu dibar ruwa da kula da gida, rashin samun damar yin [[fitsari]] cikin sauki a wajen ban daki mara tsafta ko kuma inda babu ban daki a kusa, da kuma sakamakon jinin al'ada da ke farawa lokacin balaga. Wadannan illolin sun hada da karancin shiga kasuwar kwadago da ayyukan al'umma, mummunan sakamako ga lafiya (biomedical), matsin lamba na tunani da zamantakewa (psychosocial), da kuma karancin sakamako a fannin ilimi.<ref name=":35" /> Yawancin lokaci mata da 'yan mata ne ke fuskantar babban kalubale na lafiya da zamantakewa da ke tattare da rashin tsaron ruwa da tsafta fiye da maza da yara maza, kamar yawan kamuwa da cututtuka masu alaka da ruwa, kyamar al'ada, da rashin samun damar gudanar da ayyukan tattalin arziki.<ref name=":34" /> === Lokacin da ake bukata don dibar ruwa === [[File:Niger,_Margou_(13),_water_well_with_tree.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Mata da yara suna dibar ruwa daga rijiya a Jamhuriyar Nijar.]] [[File:DRAWING WATER TO QUENCH THURST.jpg|alt=Mace tana dibar ruwa a Kenya.|thumb|Mace tana dibar ruwa a Kenya.]]Rashin samun wadataccen ruwa mai tsafta, mai saukin kudi kuma kusa, yana da mummunan tasiri musamman ga mata a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="Yadav 4–17" /> An kiyasta cewa mutane miliyan 263 a duniya suna amfani da sama da mintuna 30 a kowace tafiya don dibar ruwa daga ingantacciyar madogara.<ref name=":7" />{{rp|3}} A yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara (sub-Saharan Africa), mata da 'yan mata suna daukar kwanukan ruwa suna tafiya ta tazarar mil uku a matsakaicin kowace rana, inda suke amfani da sa'o'i biliyan 40 a kowace shekara wajen dibar ruwa (tafiya zuwa wurin ruwa, jiran layi, da dawowa gida).<ref>{{cite web |date=2019 |title=Water, sanitation and hygiene - A Pathway to Realizing Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women and Girls |url=https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/3664 |work=WaterAid Canada}}</ref>{{rp|14}} Lokacin dibar ruwa na iya zama sanadin rashin samun ilimi, ayyukan samar da kudin shiga, shiga harkar al'adu da siyasa, da samun lokacin hutu da nishadi.<ref name="Diverting">{{Cite book |url=https://www.ircwash.org/resources/diverting-flow-resource-guide-gender-rights-and-water-privatization |title=Diverting the flow: a resource guide to gender, rights and water privatization |vauthors=Sidhu G, Grossman A, Johnson N |date=2003 |publisher=Woman's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO) |isbn=978-0-9746651-0-8 |location=New York, NY, USA}}</ref>{{rp|2}} Alal misali, a yankunan matalauta na birnin [[Nairobi]], mata suna daukar kwanukan ruwa masu nauyin fam 44 zuwa gidajensu, wanda ke daukar tsawon sa'a guda zuwa sa'o'i da dama suna jiran layi da dibar ruwan.<ref name="Crow10">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Crow B, Odaba E |date=November 2010 |title=Access to Water in a Nairobi Slum: Women's Work and Institutional Learning |url=https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt7h52n89v/qt7h52n89v.pdf |journal=Water International |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=733–747 |doi=10.1080/02508060.2010.533344 |bibcode=2010WatIn..35..733C |s2cid=153289383}}</ref>{{rp|733}} A wurare da dama na duniya, samo ruwa da samar da shi ana daukarsa a matsayin "aikin mata," saboda haka akwai alaka mai karfi tsakanin jinsi da samun ruwa.<ref name="Keefer15">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Keefer N, Bousalis R |date=January 2015 |title=How Do You Get Your Water? Structural Violence Pedagogy and Women's Access to Water |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_social-studies_the-social-studies_july-december-2015_106_4-6/page/256 |journal=Social Studies |volume=106 |issue=6 |pages=256–263 |doi=10.1080/00377996.2015.1072793 |s2cid=143162763}}</ref>{{rp|256}} Tara ruwa da samar da shi ga iyalai ya kasance babban aikin mace a kasashen da ba su ci gaba sosai ba inda ake daukar dibar ruwa a matsayin babban aikin gida.<ref name="Keefer15" />{{rp|256}} Wannan aikin ruwan yawanci aikin gida ne da ba a biyan kudi akansa wanda ya ginu a kan tsarin jinsi na sarautar maza (patriarchal) kuma galibi yana da alaka da ayyukan gida, kamar wanki, girki da renon yara.<ref name="Koolwal10" />{{rp|5}} Yankunan da suka dogara ga mata wajen dibar ruwa sun hada da kasashe a Afirka, Kudancin Asiya da kuma Gabas Ta Tsakiya.<ref name="Koolwal10" />{{rp|4}} === Rikici da cin zarafin mata === {{Further|Violence against women}} Yawancin lokaci mata da 'yan mata ne ke da alhakin dibar ruwa, wanda galibi aiki ne mai cin lokaci da wahala, sannan yana iya zama hadari a gare su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender |url=https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/gender/ |access-date=21 February 2020 |website=UN-Water}}</ref> Mata da 'yan mata da ke dibar ruwa na iya fuskantar duka da fyade ko cin zarafi na jima'i a kan hanya (rikici da cin zarafin mata).<ref name=":23">{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Violence, Gender and WASH: A Practitioner's Toolkit - Making water, sanitation and hygiene safer through improved programming and services |url=https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/2098 |publisher=WaterAid/SHARE |vauthors=House S, Ferron S, Sommer M, Cavill S, Violence G |location=London, UK}}</ref> Wannan ya hada da kasada ta fuskantar fyade lokacin dibar ruwa daga wurare masu nisa, duka a cikin gida saboda yawan ruwan da aka diba, da kuma fada a kan karancin ruwa da ake da shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sommer M, Ferron S, Cavill S, House S |date=2015 |title=Violence, gender and WASH: spurring action on a complex, under-documented and sensitive topic |journal=Environment and Urbanization |language=en |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=105–116 |doi=10.1177/0956247814564528 |bibcode=2015EnUrb..27..105S |issn=0956-2478 |s2cid=70398487}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka gudanar a Indiya, alal misali, ya gano cewa mata suna fuskantar tsananin tsoron cin zarafi na jima'i lokacin amfani da ayyukan ruwa da ban daki.<ref name="washfunders.org">{{Cite web |title=Improving WASH, Reducing Vulnerabilities to Violence |url=https://washfunders.org/improving-wash-reducing-vulnerabilities-to-violence |access-date=2021-05-13 |website=WASHfunders |language=en-US}}</ref> Wani bincike makamancin haka a [[Uganda]] shi ma ya gano cewa mata sun bayar da rahoton cewa suna jin fargaba ga tsaron lafiyarsu lokacin tafiya ban daki, musamman da daddare.<ref name="washfunders.org" /> === Al'adun jinsi a fannin sana'o'i === Al'adun jinsi na iya yin tasiri mara kyau ga yadda maza da mata ke samun ruwa ta hanyar irin wadannan tsammanin hali na banbancin jinsi—alal misali, lokacin da dibar ruwa ya zama aikin mace, maza masu dibar ruwa na iya fuskantar kyamata saboda yin abin da ake ganin aikin mata ne.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Why gender matters - A tutorial for water managers - Resources • SuSanA |url=https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/3777 |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=www.susana.org}}</ref> Mata na iya fuskantar tarnaki wajen shiga harkar kamfanonin samar da ruwa a kasashe masu tasowa saboda "al'adun zamantakewa sun tsara cewa fanni ne na aiki da bai dace da su ba ko kuma ba za su iya gudanar da shi da kyau ba".<ref name=":16">{{cite web |date=2019 |title=Women in Water Utilities - Breaking Barriers |url=https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/3779 |publisher=World Bank |location=Washington, DC}}</ref>{{rp|13}} Duk da haka, wani bincike da Babban Bankin Duniya (World Bank) ya gudanar a shekarar 2019 ya gano cewa yawan mata masu sana'a a fannin ruwa ya karu a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata.<ref name=":16" />{{rp|x}} A cikin al'ummomi da dama, aikin gyara da share ban daki yana fadowa ne a kan mata ko yara, wanda hakan zama silar kara jefa su cikin hadarin kamuwa da cututtuka.<ref name=":12" />{{rp|19}} == A wuraren da ba na gida ba == Wuraren da ba na gida ba don ayyukan WASH sun hada da ire-ire guda shida masu zuwa: makarantu, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, wuraren aiki (gami da gidajen yari), wuraren amfani na wucin gadi, wuraren taron jama'a, da kuma sansanin 'yan gudun hijira.<ref name=":21">{{Cite journal |last1=Cronk |first1=Ryan |last2=Slaymaker |first2=Tom |last3=Bartram |first3=Jamie |date=2015 |title=Monitoring drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in non-household settings: Priorities for policy and practice |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1438463915000267 |journal=International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health |language=en |volume=218 |issue=8 |pages=694–703 |doi=10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.003|pmid=25836758 |bibcode=2015IJHEH.218..694C }}</ref> === A makarantu === [[File:School toilets - WASH in schools (Bangladesh) (37720260454).jpg|thumb|Ban dukan makaranta a makarantar sakandaren gwamnati ta Shaheed Monumia, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh)]] [[File:School toilet 2 - WASH in schools (Bangladesh) (38403428742).jpg|thumb|Ban dakunan makaranta a kwaleji da makarantar IPH, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh)]] [[File:Handwashing stands - WASH in schools - India (37547981435).jpg|thumb|Wuraren wanke hannu a wata makaranta a gundumar Mysore, Karnataka, Indiya]] {{Further|School hygiene}}Sama da rabin dukkan makarantun firamare a kasashe masu tasowa da ke da wadatar bayanai ba su da isassun ababen more rayuwa na ruwa kuma kusan kashi biyu cikin uku ba su da isassun ban dakuna.<ref name=":1">{{cite report |url=http://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/2521 |title=Raising Even More Clean Hands: Advancing Learning, Health and Participation through WASH in Schools |date=2012 |publisher=UNICEF, United Nations Children's Fund |location=New York}}</ref> Ko da a inda ababen more rayuwar suke, galibi suna cikin mummunan yanayi ne. Yara suna samun damar shiga makaranta sosai kuma su fi gane karatu lokacin da aka inganta hanyoyin samun ruwa.<ref name="Koolwal10">{{Cite book |url=http://repositorio.minedu.gob.pe/bitstream/handle/123456789/1356/Access%20to%20Water%2C%20Women%E2%80%99s%20Work%20and%20Child%20Outcomes.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |title=Access to Water, Women's Work and Child Outcomes |vauthors=Koolwal G, Van de Walle D |date=May 2010 |publisher=The World Bank |archive-date=2018-04-16 |access-date=2020-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416073708/http://repositorio.minedu.gob.pe/bitstream/handle/123456789/1356/Access%20to%20Water%2C%20Women%E2%80%99s%20Work%20and%20Child%20Outcomes.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y }}</ref>{{rp|24}} Rashin ababen more rayuwa na WASH na iya hana dalibai zuwa makaranta, musamman dalibai mata.<ref name=":4"/> Tsauraran kyamar al'ada game da jinin al'ada, wadanda ke akwai a cikin al'ummomi da dama, tare da rashin ayyukan Kula da Tsaftar Jinin Al'ada (Menstrual Hygiene Management) a makarantu, na sanya 'yan mata kin zuwa makaranta lokacin da suke jinin al'ada.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Puberty Education and Menstrual Hygiene Management |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002267/226792e.pdf |website=UNESCO}}</ref> Dalilan rashin ko rashin kula da ababen more rayuwa na ruwa da tsafta a makarantun kasashe masu tasowa sun hada da rashin hadin kai tsakanin sassa daban-daban; rashin hadin gwiwa tsakanin makarantu, al'ummomi da matakai daban-daban na gwamnati; da kuma rashin jagoranci da gaskiya wajen gudanar da aiki.<ref name=":2">{{cite report |url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/2677 |title=Managing WASH in Schools: Is the Education Sector Ready? |date=2016 |publisher=Sustainable Sanitation Alliance |location=Germany |vauthors=Dauenhauer K, Schlenk J, Langkau T |work=A Thematic Discussion Series hosted by GIZ and SuSanA.}}</ref> ==== Sakamako daga inganta WASH a makarantu ==== Ayyukan WASH a makarantu, wanda wani lokaci ake kira SWASH ko WinS, yana rage cututtuka masu alaka da tsafta sosai, yana kara yawan halartar dalibai makaranta sannan yana taimakawa wajen samar da kima da daidaiton jinsi.<ref name=":1" /> Ayyukan WASH a makarantu na taimakawa wajen samar da ingantaccen yanayin makaranta mai cike da koshin lafiya da tsaro. Haka kuma zai iya sa yara su zama masu kawo canji wajen inganta dabi'un amfani da ruwa, tsafta, da kiyaye lafiya a cikin iyalansu da al'ummominsu.<ref name=":1" /> Alal misali, an yi nazari kan bayanai daga makarantu sama da 10,000 a kasar Zambiya a shekarar 2017 kuma an tabbatar da cewa inganta samar da ababen more rayuwa na tsafta a makarantu yana da alaka da yawan rajistar dalibai mata idan aka kwanta da maza, da kuma rage yawan maimaita aji da dainawa makaranta, musamman ga 'yan mata.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal| vauthors = Agol D, Harvey P, Maíllo J |date=2018-03-01|title=Sanitation and water supply in schools and girls' educational progression in Zambia|journal=Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development|language=en|volume=8|issue=1|pages=53–61|doi=10.2166/washdev.2017.032|bibcode=2018JWSHD...8...53A |issn=2043-9083|doi-access=free}}</ref> ==== Hanyoyin inganta WASH a makarantu ==== Hanyoyin inganta yanayin samar da ababen more rayuwa na WASH a makarantu sun hada da, a matakin manufofi: fadada mayar da hankali ga fannin ilimi, kafa tsarin tabbatar da inganci, rarraba da amfani da kudade cikin hikima.<ref name=":2" /> Sauran shawarwari masu amfani sun hada da: kasancewa da bayyananniyar dabara ta hada kan jama'a, tallafawa fannin ilimi don karfafa gwiwar abokan tarayya na sassa daban-daban, kafa tsari na dindindin na sanya idanu wanda ke karkashin fannin ilimi, ilimantar da malamai da kuma hadin gwiwa da hukumar gudanarwar makaranta.<ref name=":2" /> Tallafin da hukumomin raya kasa (development agencies) ke baiwa gwamnati a matakin kasa, jiha da gundumomi yana da amfani wajen samar da abin da aka saba kira da ''yanayi mai taimakawa'' don ayyukan WASH a makarantu.<ref name="India">{{Cite book|vauthors=Tiberghien JE|title=School WASH research: India country report|publisher=WaterAid|year=2016|url=http://www.wateraid.org/what-we-do/our-approach/research-and-publications/view-publication?id=8851e0b6-7a36-4102-8630-4555130e750d|archive-date=2017-08-17|access-date=2017-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817162908/http://www.wateraid.org/what-we-do/our-approach/research-and-publications/view-publication?id=8851e0b6-7a36-4102-8630-4555130e750d}}{{page needed|date=October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Pakistan">{{Cite book|vauthors=Tiberghien JE|title=School WASH research: Pakistan country report|publisher=WaterAid|year=2016|url=http://www.wateraid.org/what-we-do/our-approach/research-and-publications/view-publication?id=8851e0b6-7a36-4102-8630-4555130e750d|archive-date=2017-08-17|access-date=2017-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817162908/http://www.wateraid.org/what-we-do/our-approach/research-and-publications/view-publication?id=8851e0b6-7a36-4102-8630-4555130e750d}}{{page needed|date=October 2017}}</ref> Nasarar hakan kuma ya dogara ne da jagoranci a matakin gida da kuma sadaukarwar gaba daya ta masu ruwa da tsaki na makaranta wajen bunkasa makarantar. Wannan ya shafi dalibai da kungiyoyinsu, shugaban makaranta, malamai da iyaye. Bugu da kari, dole ne a sanya sauran masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin tsarin tasirinsu kai tsaye, kamar: mambobin al'umma, kungiyoyin al'umma, jami'an ilimi, da hukumomin gida.<ref name="Nepal">{{Cite book|vauthors=Tiberghien JE|title=School WASH research: Nepal country report|publisher=WaterAid|year=2016|url=http://www.wateraid.org/what-we-do/our-approach/research-and-publications/view-publication?id=8851e0b6-7a36-4102-8630-4555130e750d|archive-date=2017-08-17|access-date=2017-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817162908/http://www.wateraid.org/what-we-do/our-approach/research-and-publications/view-publication?id=8851e0b6-7a36-4102-8630-4555130e750d}}{{page needed|date=October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Bangladesh">{{Cite book|vauthors=Tiberghien JE|title=School WASH research: Bangladesh country report|publisher=WaterAid|year=2016|url=http://www.wateraid.org/what-we-do/our-approach/research-and-publications/view-publication?id=8851e0b6-7a36-4102-8630-4555130e750d|archive-date=2017-08-17|access-date=2017-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817162908/http://www.wateraid.org/what-we-do/our-approach/research-and-publications/view-publication?id=8851e0b6-7a36-4102-8630-4555130e750d}}{{page needed|date=October 2017}}</ref> ==== Wanke hannu a rukuni ==== [[File:In_Rwanda_build_where_everyone_can_wash_hand_in_prevention_of_covid-19.jpg|thumb|Wurin wanke hannu na al'umma a kasar Ruwanda mai dauke da wuraren wanke hannu ga mutane masu tsayi daban-daban. Lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Ruwanda wanke hannu yana daya daga cikin tsare-tsaren kiwon lafiyar jama'a da aka karfafa don rage yaduwar cutar.]] Sanya idanu wajen wanke hannu na rukuni na yau da kullum a makarantu dabara ce mai tasiri don gina kyawawan dabi'un tsafta, tare da yuwuwar kawo kyakkyawan sakamako na lafiya da ilimi ga yara.<ref name="UNICEF2016">{{cite report | publisher = UNICEF, GIZ | date = 2016 | url = http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/2641 | title = Scaling up group handwashing in schools - Compendium of group washing facilities across the globe. | location = New York, US; Eschborn, Germany }}</ref> Wannan alal misali an aiwatar da shi ne a cikin "Shirin Kula da Lafiya na Musamman" ta Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta kasar Philippines.<ref name="UNICEF2012">{{cite report | publisher = UNICEF | date = 2012 | url = http://www.unicef.org/wash/schools/files/Raising_Even_More_Clean_Hands_Web_17_October_2012(1).pdf | title = Raising Even More Clean Hands: Advancing Health, Learning and Equity through WASH in Schools, Joint Call to Action }}</ref> Tsaftace ciki daga tsutsotsi (Mass deworming) sau biyu a shekara, tare da wanke hannu kullum da sabulu da kuma goge hakora kullum da maganin hakori mai dauke da fluoride, shine babban jigon wannan shiri na kasa. Haka kuma an yi nasarar aiwatar da shi a kasar [[Indonesiya]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1513|title=School Community Manual - Indonesia (formerly Manual for teachers), Fit for School.|date=2014|publisher=GIZ Fit for School, Philippines|isbn=978-3-95645-250-5}}</ref><ref name="Fit for school1">{{cite book|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/2074|title=Field Guide: Hardware for Group Handwashing in Schools|publisher=Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Philippines|isbn=978-3-95645-057-0}}{{page needed|date=October 2017}}</ref> === A cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya === [[File:Unsafe drinking water 03.jpg|thumb|Wata mace tana cika gora da ruwan sha mara kyau a rijiyar Boromata da ke Jamhuriyar Afirka Ta Tsakiya.]] Samar da wadataccen ruwa, tsafta da kiyaye lafiya muhimmin bangare ne na samar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na yau da kullum a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya. Ayyukan WASH a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna taimakawa wajen hana yaduwar cututtuka masu yauki sannan kuma suna kare ma'aikata da marasa lafiya. A halin yanzu ayyukan WASH a cibiyoyin lafiya a kasashe masu tasowa galibi rashi gare su.<ref name="WHO2015">{{Cite web |date=2015-03-20 |title=WHO {{!}} Water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities |url=http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/wash-health-care-facilities/en/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320123231/http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/wash-health-care-facilities/en/ |archive-date=2015-03-20 }}</ref> A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (World Health Organization), bayanai daga kasashe 54 a yankuna masu karamin karfi da matsakaicin kudin shiga wadanda ke wakiltar cibiyoyin lafiya 66,101 sun nuna cewa kashi 38% na cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ba su da ingantacciyar madogara ta ruwa, kashi 19% ba su da ingantattun ban dakuna yayin da kashi 35% ba su da damar samun ruwa da sabulu don wanke hannu. Rashin wadannan muhimman ababen more rayuwa na WASH yana rage ingancin samar da ayyukan yau da kullum sannan yana kawo cikas ga ikon hanawa da shawo kan cututtuka. Samar da ruwa a cibiyoyin lafiya ya fi karanci a Afirka, inda kashi 42% na cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ba su da ingantacciyar madogara ta ruwa a cikin rukunin ginin ko kuma a kusa. Samar da ingantacciyar tsafta kuma ya fi karanci a yankunan Amurka inda kashi 43% na cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ba su da wadatattun ayyuka.<ref name="WHO2015" /> A shekarar 2019, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta kiyasta cewa: "Cibiyar kiwon lafiya daya cikin hudu ba ta da muhimman ayyukan samar da ruwa, sannan daya cikin biyar ba ta da ayyukan tsafta na ban daki – wanda hakan ke shafar mutane biliyan 2.0 da biliyan 1.5 bi da bi." Haka kuma, an kiyasta cewa "cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a kasashe masu karamin kudin shiga sun ninka akalla sau uku rashin samun ayyukan ruwa idan aka kwanta da cibiyoyin da ke yankunan da ke da wadatattun albarkatu". Ana ganin hakan yana taimakawa wajen sanya cututtukan da mata ke kamuwa da su bayan haihuwa (maternal sepsis) ninka sau biyu a kasashe masu tasowa fiye da yadda yake a kasashe masu dukiya da kudin shiga na gaba-gaba (high income countries).<ref name=":18">{{cite report | url = https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/wash-in-health-care-facilities/en/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190418063506/https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/wash-in-health-care-facilities/en/ | archive-date = 18 April 2019 | title = Water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities: practical steps to achieve universal access | location = Geneva | publisher = World Health Organization | date = 2019 | quote = Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO }}</ref>{{rp|vii}} Tarnaki ga samar da ayyukan WASH a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya sun hada da: Tsare-tsaren da ba su kammala ba, rashin isasshen sanya idanu, tsara kasafin kudin da ya shafi takamaiman cututtuka kawai, ma'aikatan da ba su da iko ko goyon baya (disempowered), da kuma rashin kyawun ababen more rayuwa na WASH.<ref name=":18" />{{rp|14}} Inganta matakan WASH a cikin cibiyoyin lafiya yana bukatar jagorancin manufofi da ka'idoji na kasa, gami da ware kasafin kudi don inganta da kuma kula da ayyukan.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Akwai mafita da dama da za su iya inganta lafiya da amincin marasa lafiya da ma'aikatan lafiya a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya sosai:<ref name="WHO16">{{cite report |url=http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/monitoring/coverage/wash-in-hcf-core-questions.pdf?ua=1 |title=Monitoring WASH in Health Care Facilities. |date=2016 |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="WaterAid">{{cite report |url=http://www.wateraidamerica.org/publications/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-in-health-care-facilities-in-asia-pacific |title=Water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities in Asia and the Pacific. |date=2015 |access-date=3 October 2017 |work=WaterAid |archive-date=4 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004085536/http://www.wateraidamerica.org/publications/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-in-health-care-facilities-in-asia-pacific |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Samun gurbataccen ruwa mai aminci don sha, da kuma amfani da shi yayin tiyata (surgery) da karbar haihuwa, shirya abinci, da wanka: Akwai bukatar inganta tsarin famfo da injinan jawo ruwa a cikin cibiyoyin lafiyar. * Dole ne a aiwatar da ingantattun dabi'un wanke hannu a tsakanin ma'aikatan lafiya. Wannan yana bukatar samar da wuraren wanke hannu masu aiki a wurare masu muhimmanci na duba marasa lafiya da kuma kusa da ban dakuna. * Kula da tsarin zubar da shara: Kyakkyawan tsarin kula da sharar cibiyoyin lafiya da kuma zubar da bayan gida (excreta) da ruwan shara cikin aminci yana da matukar muhimmanci don hana yaduwar cututtuka. * Karfafa dabi'un tsafta (hygiene) ga marasa lafiya, masu ziyara da ma'aikata. * Ban dakuna masu tsafta da saukin shiga, wadanda aka raba su ta jinsi (na maza daban na mata daban), a cikin adadin da ya wadanci ma'aikata, marasa lafiya da masu ziyara. Inganta damar samun wuraren wanke hannu da ban dakuna a wuraren kiwon lafiya zai rage yawan kamuwa da cututtuka da mace-mace sosai, musamman a fannin lafiyar uwa da jinjiri.<ref name="UN-Water" /> === A gidajen yari === A kasashe masu tasowa, gine-gineden gidajen yari galibi suna cunkushe da mutane da yawa sannan kuma sun tsufa sosai.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Habitat in Prisons |url=https://www.icrc.org/en/publication/0823-water-sanitation-hygiene-and-habitat-prisons |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=International Committee of the Red Cross |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|12}} Wani rahoto da Kwamitin Red Cross na Duniya (ICRC) ya fitar ya bayyana cewa "Matakan da ke hana mutane 'yancinsu kada su kasance, ta kowane hali, masu tsananta musu ta hanyar wulakanci ko sanya su a cikin yanayin tsarewa da ke tauye kima da hakkokin dan adam."<ref name=":11" />{{rp|12}} Tsarin samar da ruwa da ababen more rayuwa na tsafta a gidajen yari galibi ba su da isasshen da zai biya bukatun mutanen da ke tsare a lokutan da adadin fursunonin ya wuce kima da karfin da gidan yarin zai iya dauka.<ref name=":11" /> Yawan amfani da wadannan ababen more rayuwa fiye da kima yana haifar da lalacewarsu cikin sauri. Kasafin kudin da jiha ke ware wa gidajen yari galibi bai wadatar da zai biya bukatun fursunonin ba ta fannin abinci da kulawar likitanci, balle kuma a fannin kula da gyaran ababen more rayuwa na ruwa da tsafta.<ref name=":11" />{{rp|12}} Duk da haka, ko da tare da karancin kudade, yana yuwuwa a kula da ko a gyara ababen more rayuwa da ke lalacewa ta hanyar amfani da dabarun tsare-tsare masu kyau da zabar hanyoyin samar da ruwa da tsafta masu saukin kudi. == Kalubale wajen aiwatar da WASH == === Samun daidaiton shiga tsarin samar da ruwan sha === Akwai rashin daidaito wajen samun damar shiga ayyukan ruwa, tsafta da kiyaye lafiya.<ref name=":13" />{{rp|11}} Irin wannan rashin daidaiton alal misali yana da alaka da matakin kudin shiga da kuma jinsi. A shekarar 2019 a cikin kasashe 24 da ake da bayanan da aka rarrabe, damar samun ruwa na yau da kullum a tsakanin rukunin masu arziki ya ninka akalla sau biyu idan aka kwanta da rukunin matalauta fiye da kima.<ref name=":13" /> Alal misali, a kasar [[Bangladesh]], kabilun tsirarru (minority ethnic groups) suna da karancin samun damar ayyukan WASH idan aka kwanta da sauran al'ummar Bengali.<ref name=":29">{{Cite journal |last=Alam |first=Md Zakiul |date=2022 |title=Ethnic inequalities in access to WASH in Bangladesh |journal=The Lancet Global Health |language=en |volume=10 |issue=8 |pages=e1086–e1087 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00232-7 |pmid=35839804 |s2cid=250514173 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda "wariya ta tsarin launin fata" a Bangladesh.<ref name=":29" /> Damar samun ayyukan WASH kuma ya bambanta a cikin gida a cikin kasashe dangane da yanayin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa (socioeconomic status), ikon siyasa, da matakin ci gaban birane (urbanization). A shekarar 2004 an gano cewa gidajen da ke birane sun fi samun damar amfani da ingantattun madogarar ruwa da tsafta da kashi 30% da kashi 135% bi da bi, idan aka kwanta da yankunan karkara.<ref name=":8" /> Hakkokin dan adam na samun ruwa da tsafta sun hana nuna bambanci a kan dalilai na "launin fata, jinsi, harshe, addini, ra'ayin siyasa ko wani ra'ayi daban, asalin kasa ko zamantakewa, dukiya, haihuwa, nakasa ko wani yanayi daban". Wadannan duka fannoni ne na rashin daidaito a cikin ayyukan WASH.<ref name=":13" />{{rp|13}} === Yankunan birane masu karamin kudin shiga === [[File:Distributing jerrycans to help people store clean drinking water in the Philippines (11252748734).jpg|thumb|Ana amfani da gora (jerrycans) don adana ruwan sha mai tsafta a kasar Philippines]]Akwai manyan tarnaki guda uku wajen inganta ayyukan birane a yankunan marasa galihu (slums): Na farko, rashin isasshen samar da ababen more rayuwa, musamman na tsarin sadarwa na raga (networked services). Na biyu, yawanci akwai matsalolin bukata da ke takaita damar mutane na samun wadannan ayyuka (alal misali saboda karancin sha'awar biyan kudi).<ref>{{Cite journal| vauthors = Abellán J, Alonso JA |date=2022|title=Promoting global access to water and sanitation: A supply and demand perspective|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358066020|journal=Water Resources and Economics|language=en|volume=38|issue=|article-number=100194|doi=10.1016/j.wre.2022.100194|s2cid=246261266|doi-access=|bibcode=2022WRE....3800194A }}</ref> Na uku, akwai matsaloli na hukumomi da ke hana talakawa samun wadataccen ayyukan birane.<ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Duflo E, Galiani S, Mobarak M|title=Improving Access to Urban Services for the Poor: Open Issues and a Framework for a Future Research Agenda|date=October 2012|publisher=Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab|location=Cambridge, MA|page=5|url=http://www.povertyactionlab.org/sites/default/files/publications/USI%20Review%20Paper.pdf|access-date=4 March 2020|archive-date=8 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708150227/https://www.povertyactionlab.org/sites/default/files/publications/USI%20Review%20Paper.pdf}}</ref> === Madogaran ruwa masu guba ko datti === [[File:Washing Utensils And Vegetables.png|thumb|Mata a wani babban tafki na kauye a Matlab, Bangladesh: Matar da ke hagu tana sanya tsumman tacewa (sari filter) a jikin tukunyar dibar ruwa (ko kalash) don tace ruwan sha.|alt=]] Madogaran samar da ruwa sun hada da ruwan sama (surface water) da kuma ruwan karkashin kasa (groundwater). Wadannan muhimman albarkatun ruwa galibi suna fuskantar kasadar gurbatawa ko amfani da su fiye da kima. {{excerpt|water pollution|paragraphs=1|file=no}} {{excerpt|groundwater pollution|paragraphs=1|file=no}} === Lalacewar tsarin WASH cikin lokaci === {{Further|Failures of WASH systems}} [[File:Existing pit latrines of the schools (5324341452).jpg|thumb|Ban dakin rami (pit latrine) da ba a kula da shi da kyau ba a wata makaranta a lardin Nyanza, Kenya]] Lalacewa da gazawar tsarin samar da ruwa (kamar wuraren taba ruwa, rijiyoyi da ramin burtsatse) da tsarin tsafta an rubuta su da kyau a cikin bincike daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water Currents: Learning from Failures |url=https://www.globalwaters.org/resources/assets/water-currents-learning-failures |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411002721/https://www.globalwaters.org/resources/assets/water-currents-learning-failures |url-status=usurped |archive-date=April 11, 2021 |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=Water Currents: Learning from Failures {{!}} Globalwaters.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last1=Vernon |first1=Naomi |last2=Myers |first2=Jamie |date=2021 |title=Acknowledging and Learning from Different Types of Failure |journal=Environmental Health Insights |volume=15 |issue=1 |article-number=11786302211018095 |doi=10.1177/11786302211018095 |pmc=8186116 |pmid=34158799 |bibcode=2021EnvHI..1510180V |s2cid=235593971}}</ref> An danganta wannan ga tsadar kudi, rashin isasshen horo na fasaha don gudanarwa da kulawa, rashin kyawun amfani da sabbin ababen more rayuwa da dabi'un da aka koyar, da kuma rashin shigar al'umma da mallakar abubuwan da kansu.<ref>{{Cite journal| vauthors = Carter RC, Tyrrel SF, Howsam P |date=August 1999|title=The Impact and Sustainability of Community Water Supply and Sanitation Programmes in Developing Countries| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_water-and-environment-journal_1999-08_13_4/page/292 |journal=Water and Environment Journal|volume=13|issue=4|pages=292–296|doi=10.1111/j.1747-6593.1999.tb01050.x|bibcode=1999WaEnJ..13..292C |s2cid=16993732 |issn=1747-6585}}</ref> Mafi yawancin talakawa ba su da ikon biyan kudaden da ake bukata don gudanarwa da kuma kula da ababen more rayuwa na WASH, wanda hakan ke hana su amfana ko da kuwa tsarin yana nan akwai.<ref name=":8">{{cite journal | vauthors = Moe CL, Rheingans RD | title = Global challenges in water, sanitation and health | journal = Journal of Water and Health | volume = 4| issue = S1 | pages = 41–57 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16493899 | doi = 10.2166/wh.2006.0043 | bibcode = 2006JWH.....4S..41M | doi-access = free }}</ref> Gurbacewar ruwa a cikin tsarin rarraba ruwa (distribution systems) babban kalubale ne kuma yana iya taimakawa wajen yaduwar cututtuka masu alaka da ruwa.<ref name=":8" /> === Yanayin aikin ma'aikatan tsafta === {{excerpt|Sanitation worker|paragraphs=1-2}} == Fannoni na sauyin yanayi == === Fitar da iskar gas mai dumama duniya === Ayyukan samar da ruwa da tsafta suna taimakawa wajen fitar da iskar gas mai dumama duniya. An raba wadannan abubuwa da ake fitarwa zuwa gida uku a cikin yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa ta iskar gas mai dumama duniya: fitarwa kai-tsaye, da kuma manyan hanyoyi biyu na fitarwa ta kaikaice (duba kasa).<ref>{{Cite book |title=The greenhouse gas protocol: a corporate accounting and reporting standard. |url=https://archive.org/details/greenhousegaspro0000unse_s6m9 |date=2004 |publisher=World Business Council for Sustainable Development |others=World Business Council for Sustainable Development, World Resources Institute |isbn=1-56973-568-9 |edition=Rev.|location=Geneva, Switzerland |oclc=55049070}}</ref><ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|9}} ==== Fitarwa ta kai-tsaye (Scope 1) ==== Scope 1 ya hada da "fitarwa ta kai-tsaye da ke fitowa dumu-dumu daga gudanar da aiki". A fannin WASH, wannan shi ne fitar da iskar methane da nitrous oxide yayin sarrafa ruwan datti da lakar kashi na ban daki. Ayyukan tsafta suna samar da kashi 2–6% na iskar methane ta duniya da mutane ke haddasawa.<ref name=":24">Isabella Montgomery, Kory Russel, Roshni Dave, Lauren Harroff (2020) Supporting the Shift to Climate Positive Sanitation POLICY BRIEF August 2020 Emissions calculator demonstrates reduced climate impact with container-based sanitation. CSBA and WSSCC.</ref> Rijiyoyin burtsatse na tsohon yayi, ban dakunan rami, tafkunan sarrafa datti ba tare da iska ba, da injinan rurrushe datti duka tsari ne na bazuwar datti ba tare da iska ba wadanda ke fitar da iskar methane wanda za a iya kamawa ko kuma kada a kama shi (a yanayin rijiyoyin burtsatse yawanci ba a kamawa). An kiyasta, ta hanyar amfani da bayanai na shekarar 2012 da 2013, cewa "sarrafa ruwan datti a manyan cibiyoyi na tsakiya kadai yana taimakawa da kusan kashi 3% na iskar nitrous oxide na duniya da kuma kashi 7% na iskar methane da mutane ke haddasawa".<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|11}} Bayanai na shekarar 2023 daga manyan matatun sarrafa ruwan datti na tsakiya a Amurka sun nuna cewa iskar methane da ake fitarwa ta ninka kimantawa da IPCC ta bayar a shekarar 2019 kusan sau biyu, wato 10.9 ± 7.0 idan aka kwanta da 4.3-6.1 MMT (miliyan metric tons) CO2-eq/yr.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Song |first1=Cuihong |last2=Zhu |first2=Jun-Jie |last3=Willis |first3=John L. |last4=Moore |first4=Daniel P. |last5=Zondlo |first5=Mark A. |last6=Ren |first6=Zhiyong Jason |date=2023-02-14 |title=Methane Emissions from Municipal Wastewater Collection and Treatment Systems |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |language=en |volume=57 |issue=6 |pages=2248–2261 |doi=10.1021/acs.est.2c04388 |pmid=36735881 |s2cid=256577352 |issn=0013-936X|pmc=10041530 |bibcode=2023EnST...57.2248S }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IPCC |date=2019 |title=2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Vol. 5. Waste. Chapter 6 Wastewater Treatment and Discharge |url=https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/5_Volume5/19R_V5_6_Ch06_Wastewater.pdf}}</ref> Hanyoyin yanzu na kimanta hayakin tsafta sun rage muhimmancin fitar da iskar methane daga tsarin tsafta da ba na sewer ba (NSSS).<ref name=":111" /> Wannan yana faruwa ne duk da cewa irin wadannan tsarin tsafta sun yadu sosai a kasashe da dama.<ref name=":111">{{Cite journal |last1=Cheng |first1=Shikun |last2=Long |first2=Jinyun |last3=Evans |first3=Barbara |last4=Zhan |first4=Zhe |last5=Li |first5=Tianxin |last6=Chen |first6=Cong |last7=Mang |first7=Heinz-Peter |last8=Li |first8=Zifu |date=2022 |title=Non-negligible greenhouse gas emissions from non-sewered sanitation systems: A meta-analysis |journal=Environmental Research |language=en |volume=212 |issue=Pt D |article-number=113468 |doi=10.1016/j.envres.2022.113468 |pmc=9227720 |pmid=35597295 |bibcode= 2022ER....21213468C|doi-access=free}} Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> NSSS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kula da lakar kashi cikin aminci kuma suna daukar kusan rabin duk wani tsarin samar da tsafta da ke akwai. An kiyasta cewa jimillar iskar methane da ake fitarwa daga NSSS a duniya a shekarar 2020 ya kai 377 Mt CO2e/shekara ko kashi 4.7% na iskar methane ta duniya da mutane ke haddasawa. Wannan yana da kwatankwacin iskar gas mai dumama duniya da ke fitowa daga matatun sarrafa ruwan datti na al'ada.<ref name=":111" /> Saboda haka, fitar da GHG daga tsarin tsafta da ba na sewer ba wani tushe ne da ba za a iya kauce masa ba. Kasashen Indiya da China suna ba da gudunmawa sosai wajen fitar da iskar methane na NSSS saboda yawan jama'arsu da kuma yawan amfani da NSSS.<ref name=":111" /> ==== Fitarwa ta kaikaice da ke da alaka da makamashin da ake bukata (Scope 2) ==== Scope 2 ya hada da "fitarwa ta kaikaice da ke da alaka da makamashin da aikin ke bukata". Kamfanonin da ke hulda da ayyukan ruwa da ruwan datti suna bukatar makamashi don tsari daban-daban. Suna amfani da rabe-raben makamashi (energy mix) da ke akwai a kasar. Idan yawan man fetur ko kwal (fossil fuels) ya karu a cikin rabe-raben makamashin, to fitar da GHG a karkashin Scope 2 zai yi yawa ma dumu-dumu.<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|12}} Hanyoyin da ke bukatar makamashi sun hada da: janyo ruwa (misali famfo ruwan karkashin kasa), adana ruwan sha, jigilar ruwa, tace ruwa, rarraba ruwa, sarrafa ruwan datti, amfani da ruwa na karshe (misali dumama ruwa), cire gishiri a ruwan teku da kuma sake amfani da ruwan datti.<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|20–24}} Alal misali, ana bukatar makamashin wutar lantarki don tura ruwan datti da kuma sanya iska ta hanyar injina a matatun sarrafa laka mai rai (activated sludge treatment plants). Lokacin duban hayaki daga fannin tsafta da ruwan datti yawancin mutane suna mai da hankali ne kan tsarin sarrafawa, musamman matatun sarrafawa. Wannan saboda matatun sarrafawa suna bukatar babban shigarwar makamashi kuma an kiyasta suna cinye kashi 3% na wutar lantarkin duniya baki daya.<ref name=":30">{{Cite journal |last1=Dickin |first1=Sarah |last2=Bayoumi |first2=Moustafa |last3=Giné |first3=Ricard |last4=Andersson |first4=Kim |last5=Jiménez |first5=Alejandro |date=25 May 2020 |title=Sustainable sanitation and gaps in global climate policy and financing |journal=npj Clean Water |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=24 |doi=10.1038/s41545-020-0072-8 |issn=2059-7037 |s2cid=218865175|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020npjCW...3...24D }} Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Wannan yana da ma'ana ga kasashe masu dukiya sosai, inda sarrafa ruwan datti shi ne mafi girman mai cin makamashi idan aka kwanta da sauran ayyukan fannin ruwa.<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|23}} Tsarin sanya iska da ake amfani da shi a cikin yawancin hanyoyin sarrafawa na biyu yana da tsananin cin makamashi (yana cinye kusan kashi 50% na jimillar makamashin da ake bukata don sarrafawa).<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|24}} Adadin makamashin da ake bukata don sarrafa ruwan datti ya dogara da abubuwa da dama: yawa da ingancin ruwan datti (wato yaya yawansa da kuma yaya gurbacensa yake), matakin sarrafawa da ake bukata wanda shi kuma ke tasiri ga nau'in tsarin sarrafawa da za a zaba.<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|23}} Ingantaccen amfani da makamashi na tsarin sarrafawa wani lamari ne daban.<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|23}} {| class="wikitable" |+Amfani da makamashi da wutar lantarki ta ayyukan ruwa da ruwan datti a karkashin Scope 2 na hanyar kididdigar carbon (Fitarwa ta kaikaice da ke da alaka da makamashi) !Ma'auni !Adadi !Karin bayani !Tushe !Shekarar kimantawa |- |Jimillar makamashin da fannin ruwa ke amfani da shi a duniya |1400 TWh | |<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|20}} |2014 |- |Kason jimillar makamashin da aka amfani da shi azaman wutar lantarki |60% |Mafi yawanci don famfo ruwan karkashin kasa don shayar da gonaki. |<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|20}} |2014 |- |Kason jimillar makamashin da aka amfani da shi azaman makamashin zafi |40% | |<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|20}} |2014 |- |Kashi na amfani da wutar lantarki na duniya da fannin ruwa ke amfani da shi |4% |Ba a hada da makamashi don amfani da ruwa ta masu amfani na karshe ba (misali dumama ruwa). |<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|20}} |2014 |- |Rarraba amfani da wutar lantarki da aka cinye don samar da ruwa |Janyo ruwa: 40% Sarrafa ruwan datti: 25% Rarraba ruwa: 20% Cire gishiri a ruwan teku: 5% | |<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|20}} |2014 |- |Kashi na amfani da wutar lantarki na duniya da aka amfani da shi don matatun sarrafa ruwan datti |3% | |<ref name=":30" /> |2020 |} ==== Fitarwa ta kaikaice mai alaka da aikin amma kungiyoyi daban suka haddasa shi (Scope 3) ==== Scope 3 ya hada da "fitarwa ta kaikaice mai alaka da aikin amma kungiyoyi daban suka haddasa shi". Fitarwa ta kaikaice a karkashin Scope 3 tana da wuyar aunawa ta tsarin bai-daya. Sun hada da misali hayaki daga gina ababen more rayuwa, daga kera sinadarai da ake bukata a tsarin sarrafawa da kuma daga kula da lakar datti da aka samar azaman kayan karshe.<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|12}} ==== Rage fitar da iskar gas mai dumama duniya ==== Akwai mafita don rage fitar da iskar gas mai dumama duniya na ayyukan ruwa da tsafta.<ref name=":110" /> Wadannan mafita sun kasu kashi uku wadanda ke dan hadewa da juna: Na farko "rage amfani da ruwa da makamashi ta hanyar hanyoyi masu sauki da inganci"; na biyu "rungumar tattalin arziki na rawaya (circular economy) don samar da makamashi da kayayyaki masu daraja"; da kuma na uku ta hanyar "tsara tsare-tsare don rage fitar da GHG ta hanyar shawarwari na dabara".<ref name="IWAbook2022">{{Cite book |title=Reducing the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Water and Sanitation Services: Overview of emissions and their potential reduction illustrated by utility know-how |date=2022 |publisher=IWA Publishing |isbn=978-1-78906-317-2 |editor-last=Alix |editor-first=Alexandre |language=en |doi=10.2166/9781789063172 |s2cid=250128707 |editor-last2=Bellet |editor-first2=Laurent |editor-last3=Trommsdorff |editor-first3=Corinne |editor-last4=Audureau |editor-first4=Iris}}</ref>{{rp|28}} Ambaton ''hanyoyi masu sauki da inganci'' sun hada da misali lalubo hanyoyin rage asarar ruwa daga hanyoyin sadarwar ruwa da kuma rage kwararar ruwan sama ko ruwan karkashin kasa zuwa cikin magudanun ruwa na sewer.<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|29}} Haka kuma, za a iya ba da kwarin gwiwa don karfafa gwiwar gidaje da masana'antu su rage amfani da ruwansu da kuma bukatun makamashinsu na dumama ruwa.<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|31}} Akwai wata hanyar kuma ta rage bukatun makamashi don sarrafa danyen ruwa don yin ruwan sha daga gare shi: kare ingancin ruwan tushe mafi kyau.<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|32}} Hanyoyin da suka shiga karkashin rukunin ''tattalin arziki na rawaya'' sun hada da: Sake amfani da ruwa, sinadaran abinci (nutrients) da kayayyaki; Samar da makamashi mai karancin carbon (misali amfani da hasken rana a saman rufin gine-ginen amfanitallahi, dawo da barnar zafi daga ruwan datti, samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta hanyar girka injunan micro-turbines, samar da makamashi daga biosolids da lakar datti.<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|33–37}} Shawarwari na dabara game da rage fitar da GHG sun hada da: wayar da kai da ilimantarwa, gudanarwa da ke goyon bayan canza dabi'un aiki, samar da kwarin gwiwa na tattalin arziki don adana ruwa da rage amfani da shi, kuma a karshe zabar makamashi da kayayyaki masu karancin carbon.<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|38–39}} === Mummunan tasiri na sauyin yanayi === {{Further|Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change on human health}} Tasirin sauyin yanayi na iya samun mummunan tasiri a kan ayyukan tsafta da ke akwai ta hanyoyi da dama, alal misali ta hanyar lalacewa da asarar ayyuka daga ambaliyar ruwa da rage karfin daukar nauyin ruwa da ke karbar ruwan datti.<ref name=":110">{{Cite journal |last1=Howard |first1=Guy |last2=Calow |first2=Roger |last3=Macdonald |first3=Alan |last4=Bartram |first4=Jamie |date=2016 |title=Climate Change and Water and Sanitation: Likely Impacts and Emerging Trends for Action |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |language=en |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=253–276 |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085856 |bibcode=2016ARER...41..253H |issn=1543-5938 |doi-access=free |s2cid=155259589}}</ref><ref name=":31" /><ref name=":32">WHO (2023) Burden of disease attributable to unsafe drinking-water, sanitation and hygiene, 2019 update. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.</ref>{{rp|23}} Al'amuran da suka shafi yanayi da sauyin yanayi (sauye-sauye, lokuta da matsanancin yanayi) koyaushe suna da tasiri a kan samar da ayyukan tsafta.<ref>SWA (2020) Adapting to climate change and fostering a low carbon water and sanitation sector. Sanitation and Water for All (SWA)</ref>{{rp|3}} Amma yanzu, matsanancin yanayi, kamar ambaliyar ruwa da fari, gaba daya suna karuwa a yawa da tsanani saboda sauyin yanayi a yankuna da dama.<ref name=":182">Douville, H., K. Raghavan, J. Renwick, R.P. Allan, P.A. Arias, M. Barlow, R. Cerezo-Mota, A. Cherchi, T.Y. Gan, J. Gergis, D. Jiang, A. Khan, W. Pokam Mba, D. Rosenfeld, J. Tierney, and O. Zolina, 2021: Water Cycle Changes. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1055–1210, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.010</ref>{{rp|1157}} Suna shafar ayyukan samar da ruwa, magudanun ruwan sama da ababen more rayuwa na sewer, da matatun sarrafa ruwan datti.<ref name=":62">{{Cite book |last=Sinisi, L. |title=Guidance on Water Supply and Sanitation in Extreme Weather Events. |date=2011 |publisher=World Health Organization |isbn=978-92-890-0259-2 |location=Geneva |oclc=870244396}}</ref> Canje-canje a cikin yawa da tsananin matsanancin yanayi na iya rurrita kalubalen yanzu yayin da samun ruwa ke zama mai wuyar tabbatarwa, kuma kasadar lafiya na karuwa saboda gurbatattun madogaran ruwa. Tasirin sauyin yanayi na iya haifar da raguwar samun ruwa, karuwar bukatar ruwa, lalacewar wuraren WASH, da kuma karuwar gurbacewar ruwa daga abubuwan gurbatawa.<ref name=":31">{{Cite web |date=December 2020 |title=Climate Change Response for Inclusive WASH: A guidance note for Plan International Indonesia, Guidance Note |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/climate-change-response-inclusive-wash-guidance-note-plan-international-indonesia |access-date=2021-05-13 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en |location=Indonesia}}</ref><ref name=":32" />{{rp|23}} Saboda wadannan tasiri, sauyin yanayi na iya "tsananta kasada da cututtuka da yawa masu alaka da WASH".<ref name=":32" />{{rp|23}} Sauyin yanayi yana kawo karancin aminci ga tsarin WASH, musamman a yankin Saharar Afirka inda damar samun ingantacciyar tsafta ta yau da kullum ke da karanci sosai. A wancan yankin, tsarin WASH da ba a kula da su da kyau ba, alal misali a matsugunan da ba na ka'ida ba (informal settlements), su ne ke sanya mutane kasancewa cikin kasada ga tasirin sauyin yanayi fiye da mutane a wasu wuraren. Dangane da tsarin zagayowar ruwa (water cycle), sauyin yanayi na iya shafar adadin kutsawar ruwa a cikin kasa, zurfafawar tacewa, saboda haka da kuma sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa. Haka kuma, hauhawar zafin jiki yana kara bukatar tirorwar ruwa (evaporative demand) a kan kasa, wanda ke takaita adadin ruwan da zai sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa. ====Tasirin sauyin yanayi a kan cututtukan da ake dauka ta ruwa==== {{excerpt|Climate change and infectious diseases|paragraphs=1-3}} === Daidaitawa da sauyin yanayi === {{Further|Climate change adaptation}} Kokarin daidaitawa a fannin WASH sun hada da misali kare albarkatun ruwa na gida (kamar yadda wadannan albarkatu ke zama tushen ruwa don samar da ruwan sha) da kuma bincika inganta tsarin samar da ruwa da dabarun adana shi. Haka kuma yana iya zama dole a daidaita tsare-tsare da ayyukan kamfanonin amfanitallahi.<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|41}} Manufofin daidaitawa da sauyin yanayi suna bukatar la'akari da kasadar da ke tattare da matsanancin yanayi. Matakan daidaitawa da ake bukata suna bukatar la'akari da matakai don fari da kuma wadanda na ambaliyar ruwa.<ref name=":26">Sinisi, L & Aertgeerts, R. (2011). Guidance on water supply and sanitation in extreme weather events. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe.</ref>{{rp|61}} Matakan daidaitawa don fari sun hada da misali: rage yoyon ruwa cikin hikima, sanar da takunkumin amfani da ruwa ga masu amfani. Matakan daidaitawa don ambaliyar ruwa sun hada da misali: Bincika wuraren da aka gina matatun ruwa da na ruwan datti a wuraren da ke fuskantar ambaliya, rage tasirin ruwan ambaliya a kan kayan aiki na yau da kullum.<ref name=":26" />{{rp|61}} Mafita na dabi'a (Nature-based solutions - NbS) na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa ga hanyoyin daidaitawa da sauyin yanayi na ayyukan ruwa da tsafta. Wannan ya hada da dawo da tsarin halitta na muhalli (wanda zai iya inganta kutsawar ruwa sannan kuma ya rage ambaliyar ruwa), injiniyan muhalli don sarrafa ruwan datti, ababen more rayuwa na kore don kula da ruwan sama, da matakai don rike ruwa na dabi'a.<ref name="IWAbook2022" />{{rp|45}} Mafi yawancin Tsare-tsaren Daidaitawa na Kasa da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan Sauyin Yanayi (UN Framework Convention for Climate Change) ta fasa gari sun hada da matakan inganta tsafta da kiyaye lafiya. Injiniyoyi da masu tsara shirye-shirye suna bukatar su daidaita mizanin tsare-tsare na tsarin ruwa da tsafta don yin bayani kan canjin yanayin yanzu. In ba haka ba, wadannan tsare-tsare na ababen more rayuwa za su kasance masu rauni sosai a nan gaba. Haka kuma lamarin yake ga sauran muhimman tsarin ababen more rayuwa kamar sufuri, makamashi da sadarwa. == Hanyoyin tsare-tsare da aiwatarwa == === Tsare-tsaren WASH na kasa da sanya idanu === UN-Water tana gudanar da shirin bincike na "Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS)". Wannan aiki yana bincikar "matakin da kasashe ke haɓakawa da kuma aiwatar da manufofi da tsare-tsare na kasa don WASH, gudanar da sanya idanu na yau da kullum, daidaitawa da daukar matakan gyara kamar yadda ake bukata, da kuma daidaita wadannan tsare-tsare na parallel tare da isassun albarkatun kudi da tallafi daga manyan hukumomin kasa."<ref name=":15">{{cite web | date = 2019 | url = https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/3705 | title = UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS) 2019 Report - National systems to support drinking-water, sanitation and hygiene - Global status report 2019 | publisher = World Health Organization (WHO) | location = Geneva, Switzerland }}</ref> Tsare-tsaren WASH na kasashe da yawa ba su da tallafin kudi da na ma'aikata da ake bukata. Wannan yana kawo cikas ga aiwatar da su da kuma sakamakon da ake tsammani don isar da ayyukan WASH.<ref name=":15" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, yana zama ruwan dare ga kasashe su hada da "hanyoyin shirye-shiryen sauyin yanayi" a cikin tsare-tsarensu na WASH na kasa. Shirye-shirye (Preparedness) a cikin wannan mahallin yana nufin yin aiki a kan rage tasiri, daidaitawa da juriya na tsarin WASH.<ref name=":28">WHO (2022) Strong systems and sound investments: evidence on and key insights into accelerating progress on sanitation, drinking-water and hygiene. The UN-Water global analysis and assessment of sanitation and drinking-water (GLAAS) 2022 report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.</ref>{{rp|11}} Duk da haka, mafi yawan manufofin kasa game da ayyukan WASH ba su bayyana yadda za a magance kasadar yanayi ba da kuma yadda za a kara juriyar ababen more rayuwa da gudanarwa.<ref name=":28" />{{rp|vii}} == Tarihi == Tarihin samar da ruwa da tsafta jigo ne na wani rukunin labarin daban. An fara amfani da gajertaccen sunan ''WASH'' ne daga shekarar 1988 zuwa sama a matsayin gajeruwar kalma (acronym) ga tsarin ''Water and Sanitation for Health Project'' na Hukumar Amurka don Ci gaban Kasa da Kasa (USAID).<ref>{{Cite web|date=1988|title=WASH Technical Report No 37 |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnaaz336.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403061318/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnaaz336.pdf|archive-date=April 3, 2009|access-date=2015-12-30|publisher=USAID}}</ref> A wancan lokacin, harafin "H" yana wakiltar ''health'' ne (wato lafiya), ba ''hygiene'' ba (wato kiyaye tsafta). Haka kuma, a kasar Zambiya an yi amfani da kalmar WASHE a cikin wani rahoto na shekarar 1987 wanda ke wakiltar ''Water Sanitation Health Education''.<ref>{{cite web | work = WASHE (Water Sanitation Health Education) | date = 1987 | url = https://wedc-knowledge.lboro.ac.uk/details.html?id=5438 | title = Participatory health education: ready for use materials: design and production WASHE programme | publisher = WASHE | location = Western Province, Zambia | access-date = 11 March 2016 }}</ref> Akwai ma wani tsohon rahoton ''WASH project report'' na USAID da ya samo asali tun farkon shekarar 1981.<ref>{{cite report | id = WASH Technical Report No 7 | date = 1981 | url = https://wedc-knowledge.lboro.ac.uk/details.html?id=2360 | title = Facilitation of community organization: an approach to water and sanitation programs in developing countries (WASH Task No 94): prepared for USAID. | publisher = USAID/WASH | location = Washington DC, USA | access-date = 11 March 2016 }}</ref> Daga kusan shekarar 2001 zuwa sama, kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da ke fafutuka a fannin samar da ruwa da tsafta, kamar su Majalisar Hadin Gwiwa ta Samar da Ruwa da Tsafta (Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council) da Cibiyar Ruwa da Tsafta ta Kasa da Kasa (IRC) a kasar [[Holand|Netherlands]] sun fara amfani da ''WASH'' a matsayin babban lafazi na hadin gwiwa ga ruwa, tsafta, da kiyaye tsafta.<ref>{{cite report | vauthors = de Jong D | date = 2003 | url = http://www.ircwash.org/resources/advocacy-water-environmental-sanitation-and-hygiene | title = Advocacy for water, environmental sanitation and hygiene - Thematic overview paper | publisher = IRC | location = The Netherlands }}</ref> Tun daga wancan lokacin, an amshi kalmar ''WASH'' ko'ina a matsayin gajertaccen lafazi mai sauki ga ruwa, tsafta, da kiyaye tsafta a cikin mahallin ci gaban kasa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2005|title=Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion|url=https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/sanhygpromo.pdf|access-date=2015-12-17|website=WHO.int}}</ref> An kuma yi amfani da kalmar ''WatSan'' na wani lokaci, musamman a fannin ba da agajin gaggawa kamar a Hukumar Red Cross ta Duniya (IFRC) da Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNHCR),<ref>{{cite web | publisher = UNHCR Division of Operational Services | date = 2008 | url = http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=49d080df2&query=water | title = A Guidance for UNHCR Field Operations on Water and Sanitation Services. | location = Geneva, Switzerland | access-date = 11 March 2016 }}</ref> amma bai shahara sosai kamar WASH ba. == Al'umma da al'ada == === Manufofin duniya === {{Further|Manufar Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa ta 6|Shirin Sanya Idanu na Hadin Gwiwa kan Samar da Ruwa da Tsafta}} [[File:Share of population using safely managed sanitation facilities, OWID.svg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar duniya don Manuniya 6.2.1a a shekarar 2022: Kason yawan jama'a da ke amfani da ababen more rayuwa na tsafta da ake gudanarwa cikin aminci<ref name="Ritchie_2018" />]] Tun daga shekarar 1990, Shirin Sanya Idanu na Hadin Gwiwa kan Samar da Ruwa da Tsafta (JMP) na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) da UNICEF yake fitar da kiyasin ci gaban WASH na duniya a kai-a kai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reports {{!}} JMP |url=https://washdata.org/reports |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=washdata.org}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |title=Transforming our world the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: A/RES/70/1 |date=2015 |publisher=United Nations, Division for Sustainable Development |oclc=973387855}}</ref> Shirin na JMP shi ne ke da alhakin sanya idanu kan Manufar Ci Gaban Karni na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (MDG) Target 7.C, wando ke da nufin "raba gida biyu, nan da shekarar 2015, kason mutanen da ba su da damar samun ruwan sha mai aminci da ingantacciyar tsafta mai dorewa".<ref>{{cite web |title=Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability |url=https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/environ.shtml |access-date=27 April 2015 |website=United Nations Millennium Development Goals website}}</ref> An sauya wannan a shekarar 2015 da Manufar Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa ta 6 (SDG 6), wacce ita ce "tabbatar da samuwa da kuma gudanarwa mai dorewa na ruwa da tsafta ga kowa da kowa" nan da shekarar 2030.<ref name=":14" /> Don samar da masgala (reference point) da za a iya sanya idanu kan ci gaban cimma nasarar SDGs, shirin na JMP ya fitar da rahoton "Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines".<ref name=":7" /> Fadada kewayon WASH da sanya idanu a wuraren da ba na gida ba kamar makarantu, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, da wuraren aiki, yana cikin Manufar Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa ta 6.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cronk |first1=R. |last2=Slaymaker |first2=T. |last3=Bartram |first3=J. |year=2015 |title=Monitoring drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in non-household settings: Priorities for policy and practice |journal=International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health |volume=218 |issue=8 |pages=694–703 |doi=10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.003 |pmid=25836758|bibcode=2015IJHEH.218..694C }}</ref> Hukumar WaterAid International kungiya ce mai zaman kanta (NGO) wacce ke aiki kan inganta samun ruwan sha mai aminci a wasu kasashen da suka fi fama da talauci a duniya.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 October 2011 |title=Where we work |url=http://www.wateraid.org/international/what_we_do/where_we_work/default.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121212941/http://www.wateraid.org/international/what_we_do/where_we_work/default.asp |archive-date=21 November 2011 |access-date=5 December 2011 |publisher=WaterAid}}</ref> Hadin gwiwar Sanitation and Water for All wata kawance ce da ke tara gwamnatocin kasashe, masu ba da taimako, hukumomin MDD, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, da sauran abokan hulda na ci gaba. Suna aiki ne don inganta damar samun tsafta da samar da ruwa mai dorewa.<ref>United Nations Children's Fund. UNICEF's engagement in Sanitation and Water for All (2012-07). [http://www.unicef.org/partners/Partnership_profile_2012_Water_and_Sanitation_for_All_V5.pdf "UNICEF's engagement in Sanitation and Water for All"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103153136/http://www.unicef.org/partners/Partnership_profile_2012_Water_and_Sanitation_for_All_V5.pdf|date=3 January 2015}}.</ref> A shekarar 2014, kasashe 77 sun riga sun cika burin tsafta na MDG, 29 suna kan hanya, yayin da 79 ba sa kan karena.<ref name="WHO_UNICEF_Progress_2017"/> === Lambobin yabo === Muhimman lambobin yabo ga daidai-da-daiku ko kungiyoyin da ke aiki a fannin WASH sun hada da Kyautar Ruwa ta Stockholm (Stockholm Water Prize) tun daga shekarar 1991 da kuma Lambar Yabo ta Tsafta ta Sarphati (Sarphati Sanitation Awards) tun daga shekarar 2013, don harkar kasuwancin tsafta. === Hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya === * UNICEF - Tsarin da UNICEF ta ayyana shi ne "cimma daidaitacciyar dama ga kowa na samun ruwan sha mai aminci kuma mai saukin kudi ga kowa".<ref>{{cite report | title = UNICEF Strategy for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene 2016-2030 | date = August 2016 | location = New York | publisher = UNICEF | url = https://www.unicef.org/wash/files/UNICEF_Strategy_for_WASH_2016-2030.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004135458/https://www.unicef.org/wash/files/UNICEF_Strategy_for_WASH_2016-2030.pdf | archive-date = 4 October 2017 }}</ref> UNICEF ta hada da shirye-shiryen WASH a cikin ayyukansu da makarantu a kasashe sama da 30.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Water, sanitation and education &#124; Water, Sanitation and Hygiene &#124; UNICEF|work=UNICEF |url=https://www.unicef.org/wash/index_schools.html}}</ref> * UN-Water - wata kafa ce ta hadin gwiwar hukumomi da ke "daidaita ayyukan hukumomin MDD da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da ke aiki kan batutuwan ruwa da tsafta".<ref>{{Cite web |title=About UN-Water |url=https://www.unwater.org/about-unwater/ |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=UN-Water |language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:GHWWSD.JPG|thumb|Bikin Ranar Wanke Hannu ta Duniya (Global Handwashing Day) a kasar Indonesia]] === Wayar da kai ta hynar kwanakin biki === Shekarar Tsafta ta Kasa da Kasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekarar 2008 ta taimaka wajen kara mai da hankali ga samar da kudaden tallafi na tsafta a cikin shirye-shiryen WASH na masu ba da gudunmawa da dama. Alal misali, Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates ta kara yawan kudaden tallafinsu ga ayyukan tsafta tun daga shekarar 2009, tare da ba da muhimmanci sosai ga sake amfani da kashi.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = von Muench E, Spuhler D, Surridge T, Ekane N, Andersson K, Fidan EG, Rosemarin A | date = 2013 | url = http://www.susana.org/_resources/documents/default/2-2042-ssp-17okt20134-10-about-the-gates-sanitation-grants-on-forum.pdf | title = Sustainable Sanitation Alliance members take a closer look at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's sanitation grants | journal = Sustainable Sanitation Practice Journal | issue = 17 | pages = 4–10 | archive-date = 2016-11-30 | access-date = 2015-04-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161130222401/http://www.susana.org/_resources/documents/default/2-2042-ssp-17okt20134-10-about-the-gates-sanitation-grants-on-forum.pdf }}</ref> Ana gudanar da ayyukan wayar da kai game da mahimmancin WASH ta hynar kwanakin biki na kasa da kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daban-daban, wadanda suka hada da Ranar Ruwa ta Duniya (World Water Day), Ranar Tsaftar Haila (Menstrual Hygiene Day), Ranar Ban Daki ta Duniya (World Toilet Day), da kuma Ranar Wanke Hannu ta Duniya (Global Handwashing Day). == Manazarta == ex67tjxozwmzyfl77v0n8j8tdtsq0qd 0 153421 967863 888685 2026-10-15T15:25:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Maurice Iwu | image = | birth_name = Maurice Mmaduakolam Iwu | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|4|21}} | birth_place = Umukabia, Ehime Mbano, Jihar Imo, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Farfesa, masanin magungunan gargajiya, ɗan siyasa | known_for = Pharmacognosy, shugaban INEC na baya | office = Shugaban Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa (INEC) | term_start = Yuni 2005 | term_end = Afrilu 2010 | predecessor = Abel Guobadia | successor = Attahiru Jega }} '''Maurice Mmaduakolam Iwu''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 1950) farfesan Najeriya ne a fannin '''Pharmacognosy''' (nazarin magungunan da ake samu daga tsirrai da sauran halittu). Ya yi suna a Najeriya da duniya saboda bincikensa kan magungunan gargajiya da tsirran magani. Haka kuma ya kasance shugaban '''Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa (INEC)''' daga shekarar 2005 zuwa 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/features/why-gm-foreign-foods-are-not-good-for-us-by-iwu/ |title=Why GM, foreign foods are not good for us, by Iwu |website=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2016-04-21 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/its-time-for-nigerians-to-develop-natural-medicines-says-iwu/ |title=It’s time for Nigerians to develop natural medicines, says Iwu |website=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2024-03-01 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Maurice Iwu a garin Umukabia da ke ƙaramar hukumar Ehime Mbano a Jihar Imo, Najeriya. Ya yi karatun sakandare a Saint Pius X College da ke Bodo-Ogoni. Daga baya ya tafi ƙasar Birtaniya inda ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Bradford, ya samu digirin Master's a Pharmacy a shekarar 1976 sannan ya samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a shekarar 1978.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/10/neimeth-appoints-iwu-2-others-as-directors/ |title=Neimeth appoints Iwu, 2 others as Directors |website=Vanguard Nigeria |date=2012-10-16 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya samu guraben bincike da dama ciki har da kasancewa malamin baƙo na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) a Jami'ar Oxford da kuma Fulbright Senior Scholar a Ohio State University da ke Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/10/neimeth-appoints-iwu-2-others-as-directors/ |title=Neimeth appoints Iwu, 2 others as Directors |website=Vanguard Nigeria |date=2012-10-16 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Aikin ilimi == Maurice Iwu ya kasance Farfesan Pharmacognosy a Jami'ar Najeriya da ke Nsukka (University of Nigeria, Nsukka) tsakanin shekarun 1984 zuwa 1993. Ya yi bincike sosai a kan tsirran magani na Afirka da hanyoyin amfani da su wajen samar da magunguna na zamani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/features/why-gm-foreign-foods-are-not-good-for-us-by-iwu/ |title=Why GM, foreign foods are not good for us, by Iwu |website=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2016-04-21 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> Ya wallafa fiye da takardun bincike 100 tare da rubuta littattafai da dama kan ilimin magungunan gargajiya da kimiyyar tsirrai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/we-discovered-cure-for-coronavirus-in-2015-says-iwu/ |title=We discovered cure for Coronavirus in 2015, says Iwu |website=The Nation |date=2020-03-02 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Bincike kan magungunan gargajiya == Iwu ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masana da suka yi kira a Najeriya da Afirka gaba ɗaya da a ƙara amfani da tsirran magani wajen samar da magunguna. Ya kafa kuma ya jagoranci cibiyoyi da dama masu bincike kan magungunan gargajiya ciki har da: * Bioresources Development and Conservation Programme (BDCP) * International Centre for Ethnomedicine and Drug Development (InterCEDD) * Bioresources Institute of Nigeria (BION) A cewarsa, Najeriya na da dimbin tsirran da za su iya taimakawa wajen samar da magungunan cututtuka kamar zazzabin cizon sauro, ciwon sukari da wasu nau'o'in kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/its-time-for-nigerians-to-develop-natural-medicines-says-iwu/ |title=It’s time for Nigerians to develop natural medicines, says Iwu |website=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2024-03-01 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Shugabancin INEC == A watan Yunin shekarar 2005 ne shugaban ƙasa Olusegun Obasanjo ya naɗa Maurice Iwu a matsayin shugaban INEC bayan Abel Guobadia. A lokacin shugabancinsa ne aka gudanar da zaɓukan shekarar 2007, waɗanda suka fuskanci suka daga cikin gida da wajen Najeriya saboda zarge-zargen maguɗi da kura-kurai a tsarin zaɓe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13197404 |title=Nigerians welcome sacking of election head Maurice Iwu |publisher=BBC News |date=2010-04-29 |access-date=2026-05-30 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sai dai kuma a zamaninsa an fara amfani da tsarin rajistar masu zaɓe ta hanyar na'ura mai kwakwalwa (electronic voter registration) kuma an kafa '''Electoral Institute''' domin horaswa da bincike kan harkokin zaɓe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/10/neimeth-appoints-iwu-2-others-as-directors/ |title=Neimeth appoints Iwu, 2 others as Directors |website=Vanguard Nigeria |date=2012-10-16 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 2010, gwamnatin shugaban ƙasa Goodluck Jonathan ta cire shi daga mukaminsa, sannan aka maye gurbinsa da Farfesa Attahiru Jega.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13197404 |title=Nigerians welcome sacking of election head Maurice Iwu |publisher=BBC News |date=2010-04-29 |access-date=2026-05-30 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Harkokin kasuwanci da masana'antu == Bayan barinsa INEC, Iwu ya ci gaba da aiki a fannin bincike da masana'antar magunguna. Ya zama darakta a kamfanin '''Neimeth International Pharmaceuticals''' tare da ba da gudummawa wajen bunƙasa binciken magunguna da ake samarwa a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/10/neimeth-appoints-iwu-2-others-as-directors/ |title=Neimeth appoints Iwu, 2 others as Directors |website=Vanguard Nigeria |date=2012-10-16 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == COVID-19 == A shekarar 2020, Maurice Iwu ya bayyana cewa tawagarsa ta gano wani sinadari da zai iya zama maganin cutar Coronavirus tun daga shekarar 2015. Wannan sanarwa ta jawo muhawara da tattaunawa a Najeriya da sauran ƙasashe saboda a lokacin annobar COVID-19 tana ci gaba da yaɗuwa a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/we-discovered-cure-for-coronavirus-in-2015-says-iwu/ |title=We discovered cure for Coronavirus in 2015, says Iwu |website=The Nation |date=2020-03-02 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://newswirengr.com/2020/03/02/nigerias-prof-maurice-iwu-says-he-has-found-cure-for-deadly-coronavirus/ |title=Nigeria’s Prof Maurice Iwu says he has found cure for deadly Coronavirus |website=NewsWireNGR |date=2020-03-02 |access-date=2026-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805184025/https://newswirengr.com/2020/03/02/nigerias-prof-maurice-iwu-says-he-has-found-cure-for-deadly-coronavirus/ |archive-date=2024-08-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo == Daga cikin manyan lambobin yabon da ya samu akwai: * U.S. National Research International Prize for Ethnobiology (1999) * WHO Visiting Scholar Award * Fulbright Senior Scholar Award <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/10/neimeth-appoints-iwu-2-others-as-directors/ |title=Neimeth appoints Iwu, 2 others as Directors |website=Vanguard Nigeria |date=2012-10-16 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Littattafai == Daga cikin sanannun ayyukansa akwai: * ''Handbook of African Medicinal Plants'' * ''Ethnomedicine and Drug Discovery'' * ''African Ethnomedicine'' * ''Commercial Production of Indigenous Plants as Phytomedicines and Cosmetics'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1950 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Nigerian academics]] [[Category:Nigerian pharmacists]] [[Category:University of Nigeria people]] [[Category:People from Imo State]] [[Category:Independent National Electoral Commission chairpersons]] [[Category:Nigerian scientists]] [[Category:Pharmacognosists]] ```0 82g3c0zvcjqbx8gh9gc4z9t7b2p6zoa 0 154988 968065 847469 2026-10-16T04:47:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Okey Ajunwa | image = | caption = Nigerian lawyer | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Lawyer | known_for = Legal practice, leadership roles in professional legal bodies, and involvement in Nigerian football administration appeals | alma_mater = | years_active = 2000–present | organization = Ajunwa and Company | headquarters = Abuja, Nigeria }} '''Okey Ajunwa''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi suna a fannin aikin lauya, musamman a birnin Abuja. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kamfanin lauyoyi na '''Ajunwa and Company''', wani kamfani da ke ba da shawarwari da wakilcin shari'a ga kamfanoni, cibiyoyin kuɗi, hukumomin gwamnati da kuma daidaikun mutane. An san shi da gogewa a harkokin shari'a da kuma jagoranci a ƙungiyoyin lauyoyi na Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ajunwaandco.com/about-us/ |title=About Us – Ajunwa and Company |publisher=Ajunwa and Company |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> An kafa kamfanin '''Ajunwa and Company''' ne a shekarar 2000 ta hannun Okechukwu (Okey) Ajunwa, tare da hedkwatarsa a Wuse Zone 5 da ke Abuja. Kamfanin ya mayar da hankali wajen samar da hanyoyin warware matsalolin shari'a ga abokan hulɗarsa, tare da ba da shawarwari a fannoni daban-daban na harkokin kasuwanci da gudanarwa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ajunwaandco.com/about-us/ |title=About Us – Ajunwa and Company |publisher=Ajunwa and Company |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, Ajunwa ya fito fili a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin Ɗaukaka Ƙara na Zaɓen '''Nigeria Football Federation''' (NFF Electoral Appeals Committee). Ya jawo hankalin jama'a bayan ya bayyana cewa zaɓen da ya samar da shugabancin '''Amaju Pinnick''' a matsayin shugaban NFF bai dace da ƙa'ida ba, yana mai cewa an samu kura-kurai a tsarin gudanar da zaɓen. Wannan mataki ya haifar da muhawara mai yawa a harkokin gudanar da ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://dailypost.ng/2014/12/04/breaking-nff-electoral-appeal-committee-nullifies-pinnicks-win/ |title=NFF Electoral Appeal Committee 'nullifies' Pinnick's win |publisher=Daily Post |date=4 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://newswirengr.com/2014/12/04/nff-electoral-appeal-committee-nullifies-pinnick-led-executive/ |title=Confusion As NFF Electoral Appeal Committee ‘Nullifies’ Pinnick-Led Executive |publisher=NewsWireNGR |date=4 December 2014 |access-date=5 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616053649/https://newswirengr.com/2014/12/04/nff-electoral-appeal-committee-nullifies-pinnick-led-executive/ |archive-date=16 June 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Baya ga harkokin wasanni, Ajunwa ya kasance mai ruwa da tsaki a ƙungiyoyin lauyoyi na Abuja. A shekarar 2021, ya jagoranci kwamitin jin daɗin rayuwa na ƙungiyar lauyoyin Igbo da ke Abuja (Otu Oka Iwu Abuja), inda aka shirya rabon tallafin kuɗi ga matasa lauyoyi da matsin tattalin arziki da yajin aikin ma'aikatan kotuna ya shafa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://barristerng.com/jusun-strike-otu-oka-iwu-abuja-distributes-palliative-to-young-lawyers/ |title=JUSUN strike: Otu Oka Iwu Abuja Distributes Palliative to Young Lawyers |publisher=BarristerNG |date=19 June 2021}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, sunan Okey Ajunwa ya bayyana cikin jerin lauyoyi 98 da '''Legal Practitioners' Privileges Committee''' (LPPC) ta tantance domin yiwuwar samun lambar girmamawa ta '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wadda ke daga cikin manyan mukaman ƙwararrun lauyoyi a Najeriya. Kafofin yaɗa labarai da dama sun bayyana shi a matsayin fitaccen babban lauya mai aiki daga Abuja.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://leadership.ng/lppc-shortlists-98-lawyers-for-san-rank/ |title=LPPC Shortlists 98 Lawyers For SAN Rank |publisher=Leadership |date=2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://thenewsguru.com/news/lppc-shortlists-98-prominent-lawyers-for-san-conferment/ |title=LPPC shortlists 98 prominent lawyers for SAN conferment |publisher=TheNewsGuru |date=3 July 2024}}</ref> == Ayyukan Shari'a == * Wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kamfanin '''Ajunwa and Company''' * Lauya mai zaman kansa a Abuja * Tsohon shugaban Kwamitin Ɗaukaka Ƙara na Zaɓen NFF * Jagoran ayyukan jin daɗin rayuwa a Otu Oka Iwu Abuja * Ɗaya daga cikin lauyoyin da aka tantance domin lambar SAN ta shekarar 2024<ref>{{cite news |url=https://barristerng.com/lppc-set-to-decide-fate-of-98-lawyers-seeking-senior-advocate-rank-see-full-list/ |title=LPPC set to decide fate of 98 lawyers seeking Senior Advocate Rank |publisher=BarristerNG |date=1 August 2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == r3m132p1h5frueph3juivehsikqhrpd 0 155418 968095 889308 2026-10-16T08:25:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paul Erokoro''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', ɗaya daga cikin manyan lauyoyin ƙasar da suka yi fice wajen shari'o'in tsarin mulki, zaɓe, cin hanci da rashawa, da kuma manyan rigingimun kasuwanci. Ya shahara saboda wakiltar fitattun 'yan siyasa, jami'an gwamnati da kamfanoni a gaban manyan kotunan Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin lauyoyin da ake yawan tattaunawa da su kan batutuwan doka da shari'a a kafafen yaɗa labarai na ƙasar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tendering fresh evidence at Supreme Court is herculean task – Erokoro, SAN |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/10/tendering-fresh-evidence-at-supreme-court-is-herculean-task-erokoro-san/ |work=Vanguard Nigeria |date=8 October 2023 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tendering fresh evidence at Supreme Court is herculean task - SAN |url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/tendering-fresh-evidence-at-supreme-court-is-herculean-task-san-2024072618384625233 |work=Pulse Nigeria |date=8 October 2023 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwa da karatu == Bayanan rayuwar farko da karatun Paul Erokoro ba su da yawa a cikin kafofin labarai na jama'a. Duk da haka, ya samu horo a fannin shari'a kuma ya zama memba na Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), inda daga baya ya kai matsayi na '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda shi ne mafi girman matsayi ga lauyoyin da suka yi fice a aikin lauya a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=SANs seek lesser sentence for minor offence |url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/jailbreaks-sans-seek-lesser-sentence-for-minor-offence-2024080420044627015 |work=Pulse Nigeria |date=7 September 2016 |access-date=6 June 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin lauya == Erokoro ya yi suna a fannin shari'ar farar hula, tsarin mulki, da kuma manyan shari'o'in gwamnati. Ya wakilci fitattun mutane a wasu manyan shari'o'i da suka ja hankalin al'umma. A shekarar 2016 ya kasance cikin tawagar lauyoyin da suka kare shugaban majalisar dattawan Najeriya na lokacin, Bukola Saraki, a shari'ar da ake yi masa a Code of Conduct Tribunal (CCT).<ref>{{cite news |title=Saraki Was Richer Than Kwara Government Before He Became Governor – Lawyer |url=https://newswirengr.com/2016/05/10/saraki-was-richer-than-kwara-government-before-he-became-governor-lawyerhttpnewswirengr-comwp-adminpost-new-php/ |work=NewsWireNGR |date=10 May 2016 |access-date=6 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618083340/https://newswirengr.com/2016/05/10/saraki-was-richer-than-kwara-government-before-he-became-governor-lawyerhttpnewswirengr-comwp-adminpost-new-php/ |archive-date=18 June 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=CCT trial: You have something to hide – Saraki's lawyer tells FG |url=https://dailypost.ng/2016/05/10/cct-trial-you-have-something-to-hide-sarakis-lawyer-tells-fg/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=10 May 2016 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> Ya kuma wakilci tsohon gwamnan Jihar Gombe, Danjuma Goje, a wata shari'ar zargin almundahanar kuɗi da Hukumar EFCC ta shigar. A yayin wannan shari'a, Erokoro ya yi suka kan yadda aka gudanar da binciken da ya kai ga gurfanar da wanda yake karewa.<ref>{{cite news |title=EFCC sponsoring fake petition against Goje, lawyer alleges |url=https://punchng.com/efcc-sponsoring-fake-petition-against-goje-lawyer-alleges/ |work=Punch Newspapers |date=13 July 2019 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> == Shari'o'in da suka shahara == Paul Erokoro ya shiga cikin wasu manyan shari'o'i masu ɗaukar hankalin jama'a. A shekarar 2015 ya wakilci Sanata Ben Ayade a wata ƙara da ta shafi zargin sauya shekar haihuwa, inda ya kare sahihancin bayanan da gwamnan ya gabatar wa INEC da jam'iyyarsa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Ayade Didn’t Falsify Age, Lawyer Says |url=https://www.theinfostride.com/gov-ayade-didnt-falsify-age-lawyer-says-%E2%80%A2accuses-san-of-media-trial/ |work=InfoStride News |date=17 June 2015 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2022 ya kasance lauya ga James Nolan, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ake tuhuma a shari'ar da ta shafi kamfanin Process and Industrial Developments (P&ID), inda ya yi muhawara da masu gabatar da ƙara kan yadda ake tafiyar da shari'ar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Alleged P&ID scam: EFCC accuses Briton’s lawyer of delay tactics |url=https://www.nationalaccordnewspaper.com/alleged-pid-scam-efcc-accuses-britons-lawyer-of-delay-tactics/ |work=National Accord Newspaper |date=23 March 2022 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> Haka kuma ya kasance cikin lauyoyin da suka bayyana a wasu manyan shari'o'in da suka shafi zargin almundahanar kuɗi da kuma aikata laifukan kuɗaɗe a kotunan tarayya da ke Abuja.<ref>{{cite news |title=Alleged N2bn FIRS Fraud: Defence Counsel’s Absence Stalls Ita’s Trial |url=https://www.lawyard.org/news/alleged-n2bn-firs-fraud-defence-counsels-absence-stalls-itas-trial/ |work=Lawyard |date=19 February 2024 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Alleged N109bn fraud: I never engaged Paul Erokoro, other lawyers to represent me before EFCC — Ex-AGF Idris |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/alleged-n109bn-fraud-i-never-engaged-paul-erokoro-other-lawyers-to-represent-me-before-efcc-ex-agf-idris/ |work=Nigerian Tribune |date=13 February 2026 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> == Ra'ayoyi kan harkokin shari'a == A matsayinsa na babban lauya, Erokoro ya sha bayyana ra'ayoyinsa kan gyaran tsarin shari'ar Najeriya. Ya goyi bayan amfani da hukuncin aikin al'umma (community service) maimakon ɗaurin kurkuku ga wasu ƙananan laifuffuka domin rage cunkoso a gidajen yari. Haka kuma ya yi kira da a ƙara amfani da hanyoyin gyaran hali maimakon hukuncin tsarewa ga masu aikata ƙananan laifuka.<ref>{{cite news |title=SANs seek lesser sentence for minor offence |url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/jailbreaks-sans-seek-lesser-sentence-for-minor-offence-2024080420044627015 |work=Pulse Nigeria |date=7 September 2016 |access-date=6 June 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar 2023 ya yi bayanin cewa gabatar da sabbin hujjoji a Kotun Koli bayan kammala shari'a abu ne mai matuƙar wahala, domin dokokin Najeriya sun tanadi tsauraran sharudda kafin a amince da irin waɗannan hujjoji.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tendering fresh evidence at Supreme Court is herculean task – Erokoro, SAN |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/10/tendering-fresh-evidence-at-supreme-court-is-herculean-task-erokoro-san/ |work=Vanguard Nigeria |date=8 October 2023 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Senior Advocate of Nigeria]] * [[Nigerian Bar Association]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Ben Ayade]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Erokoro, Paul}} [[Category:Nigerian lawyers]] [[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Nigerian legal practitioners]] 2gw0daai25asksgyooay2vmxy57tz6l 0 158328 967852 910334 2026-10-15T14:31:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tarihin adalci mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da [[Montana]] Vigilantes ya fara ne a shekarar 1863 a cikin abin da ke cikin wani yanki mai nisa na gabashin Idaho. Ayyukan masu tsaro sun ci gaba, kodayake a wasu lokuta, ta hanyar Yankin Montana har sai yankin ya zama jihar Montana a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1889. Tsaro ya tashi ne saboda tilasta bin doka ta yanki da kotuna ba su da iko sosai a sansanonin hakar ma'adinai masu nisa a lokacin yankin.manazarta In 1863–1864, Montana Vigilantes followed the model of the San Francisco Committee of Vigilance that existed in 1850s [[California]] to bring order to lawless communities in and around the gold fields of Alder Gulch and Grasshopper Creek. There are estimates that over 100 persons were killed in "road agent" robberies in the fall of 1863. The Vigilance Committee of Alder Gulch organized in December 1863, and in the first six weeks of 1864 at least 20 road agents of the infamous Plummer gang, known as the "Innocents", were captured and hanged by the organization. Formal territorial law reached Alder Gulch in late 1864 with the arrival of Territorial Judge Hezekiah L. Hosmer and vigilante activity ceased in the region. As the gold fields of Alder Gulch and Grasshopper Creek declined in 1865, prospectors and fortune seekers migrated to newly discovered areas in and around Last Chance Gulch (now Helena, Montana). As lawlessness increased, vigilante justice continued there with the formation of the Committee of Safety in 1865. During the period 1865–1870, at least 14 alleged criminals were executed by Helena's vigilantes. In 1884, ranchers in Central and Eastern Montana resorted to vigilante justice to deal with cattle rustlers and horse thieves. The best-known vigilante group in that area was "Stuart's Stranglers", organized by Granville Stuart in the Musselshell region. As formal law enforcement became more prevalent in the region, vigilantism fell into decline. Vigilantism in pre-territorial and territorial Montana has been written about, romanticized and chronicled in personal memoirs, biographies, documentary and scholarly works, film and fiction for well over a century. The first book published in Montana was Thomas J. Dimsdale's 1866 first edition of ''The Vigilantes of Montana'', which was compiled from a series of newspaper articles he wrote for the ''Montana Post'' in 1865. Historical analysis of the period ranges from disrepute to heroism, with debates over whether the lack of any functioning justice system and the understanding of due process at the time meant the vigilantes acted in a way they thought was best for their communities or if modern standards of due process should govern analysis of their actions. == Bannack and Virginia City == [[Fayil:Bannack_-_overview.jpg|alt=Image of Montana ghost town|right|thumb|200x200px|Bannack, Montana (2005)]] On July 28, 1862, gold was discovered along Grasshopper Creek, a tributary of the Beaverhead River, in a remote part of eastern Idaho Territory, leading to the establishment of the town of Bannack.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggeman |first=Kim |date=2012-07-28 |title=1st gold strike in territory that became Montana was 150 years ago |url=http://missoulian.com/news/state-and-regional/st-gold-strike-in-territory-that-became-montana-was-years/article_8789efd4-d927-11e1-a4d1-0019bb2963f4.html |access-date=2013-12-28 |website=[[Missoulian]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123023737/http://missoulian.com/news/state-and-regional/st-gold-strike-in-territory-that-became-montana-was-years/article_8789efd4-d927-11e1-a4d1-0019bb2963f4.html |archive-date=2015-01-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bannack was a gold rush boomtown that was the first territorial capital of Montana Territory for a brief period after the territory was established in 1864. Less than a year after the Grasshopper Creek find, on May 26, 1863, gold was discovered along Alder Gulch, a tributary creek northeast of the Ruby River that lies between the Tobacco Root Mountains and the Gravelly Range and {{Convert|70|mi}} east of Bannack. The Alder Gulch find became one of the largest placer mining gold fields in the western U.S. The mining settlements of Virginia City and Nevada City, Montana, which sprang up in Alder Gulch, boasted thousands of prospectors and fortune seekers by the end of 1863. These new settlements generally lacked justice systems found in populated portions of the territory, such as in the territorial capital in Lewiston, Idaho. In 1863, gold was the preferred form of currency in western frontier communities and had a value, fixed and guaranteed by the U.S. Government, of $20.67 per ounce. Almost all economic transactions in western mining communities were accomplished with gold nuggets, flakes or dust as currency and not surprisingly, the more gold one had, the more wealth one possessed. During the early years of the territory, there was no secure way to transport wealth out of the region. The only means of transporting wealth out of the Alder Gulch gold fields was via horseback or slow moving wagons and stagecoaches on a limited number of trails and primitive roads leading south and west to Salt Lake City and San Francisco or east to Minnesota. Roads and trails leading to Alder Gulch included the Bozeman and Bridger Trails connecting to the Oregon Trail from the east, the Mullan Road from points west and from Fort Benton, Montana the head of navigation on the Missouri River and the Corinne Road from Corinne, Utah and points south. Additionally, there was a single track, {{Convert|70|mi|km}} stage road that connected Alder Gulch with Bannack. Several commercial freight and two passenger stage companies, Peabody and Caldwell's and A.J. Oliver's, operated on this route. Stagecoaches had to stop at several different ranches during the trip to water and change horses, feed passengers and provide overnight lodging. One of these ranches, the Rattlesnake Ranch, was owned by Bill Bunton and Frank Parish, who were later hanged by the vigilantes as road agents and members of the Plummer gang.<ref name="Dillon3" /> [[Fayil:Plummer_Gang_Robbing_Stage_(1863).JPG|alt=B&W painting of men robbing a stagecoach|thumb|1907 Painting by John W. Norton of Henry Plummer's gang holding up and robbing a stagecoach]] In a region where valuable gold was plentiful, transportation was insecure and effective law and order was lacking, travelers became easy prey for robbers. By late 1863, thefts and murders along the routes in and around Alder Gulch had become common. In their writings about the vigilantes, Thomas Dimsdale and Nathaniel P. Langford estimated that at least 102 travelers were killed by robbers in the fall of 1863. Many more travelers left the region and were never heard from again. As this became a more frequent occurrence locals began suspecting that these crimes were being carried out by a single group of outlaws, known as "road agents", under the control of Bannack sheriff Henry Plummer. The gang became known as the Innocents because of their passwords, ''I am innocent''. ==== Notorious robberies, attempted robberies and murders in 1863 ==== * On October 13, 1863, Lloyd Magruder was killed by road agent Chris Lowrie. Magruder was an Idaho merchant leaving Virginia City with $12,000 in gold dust from goods he had sold there. Several of the men he hired to accompany him back to Lewiston, Idaho were in fact criminals. Four other men in the party were also murdered in camp - Charlie Allen, Robert Chalmers, Horace Chalmers and William Phillips - by Lowrie, Doc Howard, Jem Romaine and William Page. * On October 26, 1863, the Peabody and Caldwell's stage was robbed between the Rattlesnake Ranch and Bannack by two road agents believed to be Frank Parish and George Ives. Bill Bunton, the owner of the Rattlesnake Ranch who joined the stage at the ranch was also complicit in the robbery. The road agents netted $2,800 in gold from the passengers and threatened them all with death if they talked about the robbery.<ref name="Dillon3" /> * On November 13, 1863, a teenage Henry Tilden was in the employ of Wilbur Sanders and Sidney Edgerton to locate and corral some horses owned by Sanders and Edgerton. Near Horse Prairie, Tilden was confronted by three armed road agents. He was carrying very little money and was allowed to depart unmolested, but with the warning that if he talked, he would be killed. He did not heed the warning and told Sanders' wife, Hattie and Sidney Edgerton that he had recognized one of the road agents as sheriff Henry Plummer. Although Tilden's report was discounted because Plummer was respected, this incident led to increased suspicion in the region that Plummer was the leader of a gang of road agents.<ref name="Dillon3" /> [[File:Henry_Plummer_(1832-1864).jpg|alt=B&W image of a man with short hair and a long goatee beard|right|thumb|Henry Plummer]] * On November 22, 1863, the A.J. Oliver stage was robbed on its way to Bannack from Virginia City by road agents George Ives, "Whiskey Bill" Graves and Bob Zachary. The robbery netted less than $1,000 in gold and treasury notes. One of the victims, Leroy Southmayd made the mistake of reporting the robbery and identifying the road agents to Bannack Sheriff, Henry Plummer. Members of Plummer's gang confronted Southmayd on his return trip to Virginia City, but Southmayd was cunning enough to avoid injury or death. * In November 1863, Conrad Kohrs traveled to Bannack from Deer Lodge, Montana with $5,000 in gold dust to buy cattle. A conversation with Sheriff Plummer in Bannack led Kohrs to believe he might be robbed while on the trail back to Deer Lodge. While in an overnight camp his associates located road agents George Ives and "Dutch John" Wagner surveying the camp, armed with shotguns. A day or two later, Kohrs was on horseback returning to Deer Lodge when Ives and Wagner gave chase. Kohrs' horse proved the faster and he evaded confrontation before reaching the safety of Deer Lodge.<ref name="Dillon3" /> * In early December 1863, a three wagon freight outfit organized by Milton S. Moody was going to Salt Lake City from Virginia City. Among the seven passengers was John Bozeman. The freight wagons were carrying $80,000 in gold dust and $1,500 in treasury notes. While camped on Blacktail Deer Creek, road agents "Dutch John" Wagner and Steve Marshland entered the camp, armed and ready to rob the train. Members of the camp had armed themselves well and Wagner and Marshland were able to escape, claiming they were just looking for lost horses. Two days later, Wagner and Marshland were both wounded in an unsuccessful attempt to rob the wagon train as it crossed the Continental Divide at Rock Creek.<ref name="Dillon3" /> * On December 8, 1863, Anton Holter (who later became a Montana Power Company executive and had Holter Dam named for him), who was taking oxen to sell in Virginia City, survived an attempted robbery and murder. When road agents George Ives and Aleck Carter, whom Holter recognized, discovered Holter was not carrying any significant wealth, they tried to shoot him. He was able to avoid being shot and escaped into the brush.<ref name="Dillon3" /> === The failure of miners' courts === Prior to the creation of the Montana Territory on May 26, 1864,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 26, 1864 |title=Public Act of the Thirty-Eighth Congress of the United States, XCV An Act to provide a temporary government for the Territory of Montana |url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=013/llsl013.db&recNum=114 |publisher=U.S. Congress |pages=85–93}}</ref> and the arrival of the territorial courts, the only court system available for the residents of Bannack and Virginia City were the informal miners' courts. The miners' courts were a vehicle of the organized mining districts<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morriss, Andrew P. |title=Hayek & Cowboys: Customary Law in the American West |url=https://www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/ECM_PRO_060884.pdf |journal=NYU Journal of Law and Liberty |location=New York |publisher=New York University |volume=1 |page=36}}</ref> to resolve mining claims and disputes between miners in the district. When confronted with a major crime such as murder, they usually proved ineffective at resolving the crime to the satisfaction of the community.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anderson, Terry L. |last2=Hill, P.J. |year=1978 |title=An American Experiment in Anarcho-Capitalism: The Not So Wild, Wild West |url=https://mises.org/journals/jls/3_1/3_1_2.pdf |journal=The Journal of Libertarian Studies |access-date=2014-09-06}}</ref>   While there are not many accounts of early courts in Alder Gulch, probably due to their informality and short existence, John X. Beidler recalled a murder trial in the Virginia City miners' court in his memoirs. The trial was in the fall of 1863 and concerned the murder of J.W. Dillingham. The trial was held outside, due to the fact that every resident took part. In the end all three defendants were set free. The first, Charley Forbes, was freed after he gave an eloquent and sentimental speech about his mother. The other two, Buck Stinson and Haze Lyons, were convicted and set to be the first men executed in what would become the state of Montana. However, at what would be a very public hanging friends and sympathizers of Stinson and Lyons convinced the crowd to vote again on the execution. Two attempts at counting the vote were made according to Beidler. The first people voting 'hang' were to walk up-hill while those voting 'no hang' were to walk down-hill. This vote was rejected and the next attempt had four men form two gates and people would cast their vote by walking through the 'hang' gate or the 'no hang' gate. Beidler claims that friends of the condemned men simply walked through the 'no hang' gate repeatedly casting fraudulent votes that possibly allowed two murderers to walk free.<ref name="beidler" /> On December 19–21, 1863, a public trial was held of George Ives, the suspected murderer of Nicholas Tiebolt, a young Dutch immigrant. Hundreds of miners from around the area attended the 3-day, outdoor trial. George Ives was prosecuted by Wilbur F. Sanders and Ives was convicted and hanged on December 21, 1863. Sanders played a prominent role in Montana history and eventually became the first U.S. Senator from Montana when the territory gained statehood in 1889. While the Ives trial resulted in an execution many residents were frustrated by a cumbersome process that could easily be manipulated. This sentiment is illustrated by a quote from Thomas Dimsdale who wrote the first published account of the Montana Vigilantes, originally written in 1865 as a series of articles for the ''Montana Post'' and later compiled into a book. {{Blockquote|Another powerful incentive to wrong-doing is the absolute nullity of the [[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]] in such cases. No matter what may be the proof, if the criminal is well liked in the community 'Not Guilty' is almost certain to be the verdict, despite the efforts of the judge and prosecutor.|''Vigilantes of Montana'', Thomas Dimsdale, 1865<ref name="Dimsdale14">{{cite book |author=Dimsdale, Thomas J. |title=The Vigilantes of Montana; or, Popular justice in the Rocky mountains; being a correct and impartial narrative of the chase, trial, capture, and execution of Henry Plummer's road agent band, together with accounts of the lives and crimes of many of the robbers and desperadoes, the whole being interspersed with sketches of life in the mining camps of the 'Far west.' |publisher= A. J. Noyes |edition=Third |year=1915 |url=https://archive.org/details/vigilantesofmont01dims |page=[https://archive.org/details/vigilantesofmont01dims/page/14 14]}}</ref>}} === Formation of the Vigilance Committee === On December 23, 1863, two days after the Ives trial, a group of five Virginia City residents, led by Wilbur F. Sanders, and including Major Alvin W. Brockie, John Nye, Captain Nick D. Wall and Paris Pfouts organized the Vigilance Committee of Alder Gulch. The committee was organized similar to the earlier San Francisco Committee of Vigilance (1851–56) in California of which some of the Alder Gulch organizers were familiar with.<ref name="DillonCommittee" /> The original committee oath signed by its earliest members was: {{Blockquote|We the undersigned uniting ourselves in a party for the laudable purpos [sic] of arresting thievs [sic] & murderers & recovering stollen [sic] property do pledge ourselves upon our sacred honor each to all others & solemnly swear that we will reveal no secrets, violate no laws of right & never desert each other or our standard of justice so help us God as witness our hand and seal this 23 of December ad 1863|From original signed oath document held by Montana Historical Society<ref name=DillonCommittee/>}} Paris Pfouts was elected as the president of the committee which drafted and adopted a comprehensive set of by-laws establishing a formal structure and process. The by-laws established the position of president, an executive officer, an executive committee, a secretary, treasurer and positions of captains and lieutenants of companies. The most relevant process contained in the by-laws was: {{Blockquote|It shall be the duty of members to attach themselves to some company and whenever any criminal act shall come to their knowledge to inform his Captain or Lieutenant of the same, when the officers so informed shall call together the members of his Company, (unless the Company has chosen a committee for such purpose) when they shall proceed to investigate the case, and elicit the facts and should the said company conclude that the person charged with any offense should be punished by the committee, the Captain or Lieutenant will first take steps to arrest the Criminal and then report same with proof to the Chief who will thereupon call a meeting of the Executive Committee and the judgement of such Executive Committee shall be final. The only punishment that shall be inflicted by this Committee is death.|By-laws of Vigilance Committee of Alder Gulch (1863)<ref name=DillonB>{{cite book |author=Dillon, Mark C. |title=Montana Vigilantes 1863–1870 Gold, Guns and Gallows |url=https://archive.org/details/montanavigilante0000dill |publisher=Utah State University Press |location=Logan, Utah |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-87421-919-7 |chapter=Appendix B Bylaws of the Vigilance Committee |pages=[https://archive.org/details/montanavigilante0000dill/page/404 404]–405}}</ref>}} === Prominent members === [[Fayil:JohnBozeman.JPG|alt=B&W image of a man with oiled hair and a wide moustache|right|thumb|John Bozeman]] Although the vigilance committee started as a small secret institution in Virginia City, knowledge of it soon spread in the territory and membership grew. As a secret organization, exact accounts of membership vary, but many members became prominent in the history of the territory and state. Among those who were members include Wilbur Sanders (1st U.S. Senator from Montana (1890)), Sidney Edgerton (first Governor of Montana Territory (1864)), Nelson Story (famous for his 1866 cattle drive from Texas to Bozeman and prominent Bozeman merchant), John Bozeman (founder of Bozeman, Montana (1864) and the Bozeman Trail), Nathaniel P. Langford (first Yellowstone National Park superintendent (1872–1877)), James Stuart (brother of Granville Stuart, who would form the Stuarts' Stranglers in 1884), Tom Cover (one of the Alder Gulch prospectors who discovered the first gold there and alleged murderer of John Bozeman (1867)) and Thomas Dimsdale (editor of Montana's first newspaper, the ''Montana Post'' and author of ''The Vigilantes of Montana'' (1866)). Due to the secret nature of the organization it is difficult to be sure when an execution was carried out by the vigilance committee or another group of motivated citizens. In the months following the Ives trial many suspected road agents were hanged. Notable among those hanged was Henry Plummer, the sheriff of Bannack, who was suspected by many of being the ringleader of the road agents. The Montana Vigilantes hanged men using the testimony of other men who faced their imminent executions as the sole evidence. Of the few accounts of the early actions of the Alder Gulch Vigilantes, Beidler and Dimsdale are the most complete, although they give little information about the secret trials conducted by the vigilantes. Estimates vary, but noted vigilante historian Frederick Allen believes that between the years 1863 and 1865 somewhere from 15 to 35 people were killed due to the actions of the Alder Gulch vigilantes.<ref name="Allen3777">{{Cite journal |last=Allen, Frederick. |date=Spring 2001 |title=Montana Vigilantes and the Origins of 3-7-77 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_montana-the-magazine-of-western-history_winter-2001_51_4/page/n10 |journal=Montana: The Magazine of Western History |volume=51 |pages=2–19, Note 58, page 16 |quote=58. In ''Strain of Violence'', Richard Maxwell Brown calls the 1884 episode "the deadliest of all American vigilante movements," a superlative supported in the book's appendix three, which counts thirty-five victims (p. 101). The actual number, however, appears to be considerably smaller. In "The Central Montana Vigilante Raids in 1884," which appeared in the premier issue of ''Montana: The Magazine of Western History'', January 1951, Oscar O. Mueller argues that fifteen to eighteen men died at the hands of Stuart's posse. In a 1980 University of Oregon master's thesis, "Granville Stuart and the Montana Vigilantes of 1884," Richard K. Mueller (no relation to Oscar Mueller) puts the figure at nineteen to twenty-two. My own count shows a maximum of seventeen, while Michael Malone, Richard Roeder, and William Lang's reasonable and reliable Montana: A History of Two Centuries (Seattle, 1976) estimates on page 163 "at least fifteen" victims. Meanwhile, Brown's appendix three cites thirty victims of vigilantism in Montana from 1863 to 1865, while my examination of the Virginia City, Montana Post raises that number to at least thirty-five. In either case, the distinction of "deadliest of all American vigilante movements" properly belongs to Montana's earliest vigilantes.}}</ref> === Vigilante justice === Over a course of approximately six weeks between December 1863 and February 1864, vigilante companies located, arrested and executed suspected members of the Plummer road agent gang in Bannack, Virginia City and Hellgate, Montana. Shortly after its formation, the Vigilance Committee dispatched a posse of men to search for Aleck Carter, "Whiskey Bill" Graves and Bill Bunton, known associates of George Ives. The posse was led by vigilante Captain James Williams, the man who had investigated the Nicolas Tiebolt murder by George Ives. Near the Rattlesnake Ranch on the Ruby River, the posse located "Erastus Red" Yeager and George Brown, both suspected road agents. While traveling back to Virginia City, Yeager made a complete confession, naming the majority of the road agents in Plummer's gang, including Henry Plummer. After obtaining the confession, Yeager and Brown were found guilty by the posse and summarily hanged from a cottonwood tree on the Lorrain's Ranch on the Ruby River. On January 6, 1864, "Dutch John" Wagner, a road agent wounded in the Moody robbery was captured by vigilante Captain Nick Wall and Ben Peabody on the Salt Lake City trail. The vigilantes transported Wagner to Bannack where he was hanged on January 11, 1864. By this time, Yeager's confession had mobilized vigilantes against Plummer and his key associates, deputies Buck Stinson and Ned Ray. Plummer, Stinson and Ray were arrested on the morning of January 10, 1864 and summarily hanged. On January 11, 1864, "Greaser Joe" Pizanthia, a road agent on Yeager's list, was located in his cabin just outside Bannack. A gunfight ensued that took the life of one vigilante, George Copley. Pizanthia's cabin was bombarded with three shells from a mountain howitzer belonging to Sidney Edgerton. The bombardment severely wounded Pizanthia and he was shot and killed as he was removed from the wreckage of the cabin.<ref name="Dillon8" /> [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 86cp4pn32cgl28y8vdzxtgwmrxmjnln 0 159007 968119 879908 2026-10-16T09:50:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙananan Faduwar Ruwa na Lukaya''' (Faransanci; "Ƙananan faduwar ruwa na Lukaya") jerin ƙananan faduwar ruwa ne a kan Kogin Lukaya. Suna kudu da Kinshasa, babban birnin Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo. Tsayinsu kusan {{convert|1|m|ft}} ne.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mavallee.lima-city.de/index.php?cat=fran%C3%A7ais&page=Dans%20la%20r%C3%A9gion |title=Visitez d'autres sites touristiques ans la région: Petites chutes de la Lukaya |work=Lac de Ma Vallée |access-date=2011-11-29}}</ref> [[Image:Petites chutes de la Lukaya.jpg|thumb|Ƙananan faduwar ruwa na Lukaya.]] A zamanin mulkin mallaka, Jesuit da suka zauna a Kogin Ndjili a watan Yuni 1893 a Kimbangu, a yankin da yanzu ake kira Masina, su ne farkon Mishan na Katolika a yankin. Bayan wata guda da zuwansu, suka bar wuraren da ba su da lafiya, masu cike da tabo, suka koma Kimwenza, kusa da Ƙananan Faduwar Ruwa na Lukaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kosubaawate.blogspot.com/2011_01_01_archive.html |title=Kinshasa Then and Now |date=January 29, 2011 |first=Mwana |last=Mboka |access-date=2011-11-28}}</ref> Ƙananan faduwar ruwan suna zubewa cikin ƙaramin tafki mai bakin yashi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kinshasa.cd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=301 |title=Attractions |work=Ville de Kinshasa |access-date=2011-11-29 |archive-date=2011-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227032343/http://www.kinshasa.cd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=301 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wurin yawon shakatawa ne ga masu yawon bude ido da ke zuwa yin iyo, ko cin abinci a gidan abinci da ke kusa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kinshasa-congo.com/fr/places_to_visit/ |title=Aux alentours de Kinshasa: Chutes de La Lukaya |work=Kinshasa-congo |access-date=2011-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113032746/http://www.kinshasa-congo.com/fr/places_to_visit/ |archive-date=2011-11-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wurin ajiyar Lola ya Bonobo na kare bonobo masu fuskantar bacewa, wanda yake kusa da faduwar ruwan, yana jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido. An kafa wurin ajiyar ne daga Claudine André na ƙungiyar NGO ''Abokan Bonobos a Kongo'', a shekarar 1994, kuma tun daga 2002 wurin yana Ƙananan Faduwar Ruwa na Lukaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.africanconservation.org/explorer/d.r.congo/517-lola-ya-bonobo/view-details.html |title=Lola ya Bonobo |publisher=African Conservation Foundation |access-date=2011-11-29 |archive-date=2010-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917044756/http://africanconservation.org/explorer/d.r.congo/517-lola-ya-bonobo/view-details.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} sbd0k0jyvrums9rdc8kfb3p85u26lir 0 162603 968044 892733 2026-10-16T01:13:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nengi Omuku''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1987) ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya, mai zane-zane.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-01 |title=Nengi Omuku |url=https://www.shadesofnoir.org.uk/creatives/portfolio/nengi-omuku/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Creatives Database |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809130300/https://www.shadesofnoir.org.uk/creatives/portfolio/nengi-omuku/ |archive-date=2021-08-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife ta a ƙaramar hukumar [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]], [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], Najeriya. Omuku ta yi karatun B.A. da MA a Fine art a Slade School of Fine Art, Kwalejin Jami'ar London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nengi Omuku – Biography |url=https://smocontemporaryart.com/artists/75-nengi-omuku/biography/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=SMO Contemporary Art |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka masu ban sha'awa == * ''Ba zan iya jin ƙafafuna ba'', Maris 2012, mai a kan zane, 220 x 160 cm.&nbsp; * ''Botticelli'', Afrilu 2012, mai a kan zane, 100 x 140 cm.&nbsp; * ''Corkscrew'' Oktoba 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NENGI OMUKU |url=https://contemporaryand.com/person/nengi-omuku/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Contemporary And |language=de}}</ref> * ''Gidan da ke da ra'ayi,'' 2020, mai a kan sanyan 130 x 190 cm <ref>{{Cite web |last=Walton |first=Millie |date=2020-12-04 |title=Painting the Collective: An Interview with Nengi Omuku |url=https://www.trebuchet-magazine.com/nengi-omuku/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Trebuchet |language=en-GB}}</ref>&nbsp; * ''Abin da ya ɓace'', 2020, mai a kan sanyan 208 x 243 cm <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nengi Omuku – Works |url=https://kristinhjellegjerde.com/artists/190-nengi-omuku/works/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Kristin Hjellegjerde |language=en}}</ref>&nbsp; == Kyaututtuka == Ayyukan fasaha na Nengi Omuku sun sami tallafin karatu da kyaututtuka, gami da lambar yabo ta CHOGM ta Majalisar ƙasar Burtaniya da Sarauniya Elizabeth II ta gabatar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nengi Omuku – Overview |url=https://kristinhjellegjerde.com/artists/190-nengi-omuku/overview/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Kristin Hjellegjerde |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nengi Omuku – September Gray |url=https://septembergrayart.com/artists/nengi-omuku/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809133204/https://septembergrayart.com/artists/nengi-omuku/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nengi Omuku |url=https://www.artskop.com/artist/nengi-omuku-101 |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=www.artskop.com |archive-date=2021-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809130159/https://www.artskop.com/artist/nengi-omuku-101 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2012 Kyautar Tunawa da Prankerd Jones Kyautar Jami'ar London * 2011 Nancy Balfour MA Scholarship Kyautar Jami'ar London * 2003 Winner- British Council CHOGM art competition Kyautar Sarauniya Elisabeth II == Nuni == === Nuni na kai tsaye === * Kristin Hjellegjerde Gallery, Berlin (2021) * Taron, Kristin Hjellegjerde Gallery, London (2020) * Matakai na Rushewa, Satumba Gray, Atlanta (2017) * Yanayin Zuciya, The Armory Show, New York (2016) * Yanayin Zuciya, Omenka Gallery, Legas (2015) * Don Bayyana Gamuwa, Bude Ƙofar, London (2011). === Nuni na rukuni === * La Galerie, Cibiyar Fasaha ta zamani, Noisy-le-Sec (2021) * Dukkanin Kwanaki da Dare, Kristin Hjellegjerde Gallery, London (2020) * Untitled Art San Francisco, tare da Kristin Hjellegjerde Gallery, San Francisco (2020) * 1-54 Fadar Fasaha ta Afirka ta zamani, London (2019), Gidan Asibiti, Griffin Gallery, London (2018) * A wurin aiki, Arthouse, Legas (2018); ARTX, Legas (2017) * Rikicin, 1:54, London (2017); Tarihin Taswira, Gaskiya na Gina, ART15, London (2015) * Shekaru 50 masu zuwa, Omenka Gallery, Legas (2014) * Jerwood Drawing Prize Exhibition, Jerwood Gallery, London (2012). * Deep Cuts Matakan Ƙarshe, Stephen Lawrence Gallery, London (2011) * Abinda ya rage ga Bukata, Cibiyar Bincike ta Slade, London (2011) * Makomar Fasaha ta zamani, Lloyd Gill Gallery, Bristol (2010) * Nunin rukuni, Swiss Cottage Gallery, London (2010) * Nunin rukuni, Camden Art Gallery, London (2009) === Kwamitin === * Arts Council Ingila don zana mural a cikin wani asibitin kula da hankali a asibitin Maudsley, London (2018) * Tarin Fasaha na HSBC, * Tarin Beth Rudin DeWoody * Tarin Fasaha na Dawn == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Delta]] 0hd02hppzqrpj1r7ftgpusa08q9aa2l 0 163352 968022 906784 2026-10-15T23:14:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox food|name=Nacatamal|image=Nicaraguan_Nacatamal.jpg|caption=Nacatamal in Nicaragua being served and ready to eat}} [[Fayil:Nacatamal_assembled.jpg|thumb|Kafin mirginawa: an cika wani indent a cikin masa da shinkafa da naman alade, sannan a rufe shi da dankali, tumatir, sabo mint, zaitun da 'yan inabi.]] [[Fayil:Nacatamal_with_banana_leaf_and_aluminum_foil.jpg|thumb|''Nacatamal'' tare da ganyen ayaba da murfin aluminum]] '''A nacatamal''' (Nahuat: Nakatamal, Nakat "nama", tamal "tamale") (Nahuatl: Nacatamal, Nacatl "nama", tamalli "tamale") abinci ne na gargajiya na Nicaraguan mai kama da tamal da hallaca''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE NACATAMAL IN NICARAGUA A LOCAL DELICACY |url=https://insiderspanish.com/posts/nicaraguan-spanish/nacatamal-a-nicaraguan-delicacy/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Catarina Where Nicaraguas Best Nacatamales Are Sold From Homes |url=https://mike.polischuk.net/2018/12/catarina-nicaragua-best-nacatamales/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Its Nacatamal Time |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-12-05-fo-5881-story.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Authentic Nicaraguan Nacatamales Recipe |url=https://recipe.deshilearners.com/nacatamales-recipe/#google_vignette |access-date=2026-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260312064443/https://recipe.deshilearners.com/nacatamales-recipe/#google_vignette |archive-date=2026-03-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography of Nacatamal |url=https://studygroom.com/geography-of-nacatamal/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cooking Class Eating Nacatamales in Someones Backyard |url=https://www.melonthego.com/cooking-class-eating-nacatamales-in-someones-backyard/}}</ref> Nacatamales suna da asalin Mesoamerican, kuma sun samo asali ne daga ƙabilun Nicarao waɗanda ke zaune a yammacin Nicaragua, sunansa ya samo asali ne daga yaren Nawat kuma an fassara shi zuwa 'naman tamale'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE ACCULTURATION OF THE NICARAO NATIVES IN NICARAGUA |url=https://lifestyleandfoodconsultant.com/other-writings/tag/Acculturation+of+Nicarao%22s+people |access-date=2026-08-12 |archive-date=2024-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315204513/https://lifestyleandfoodconsultant.com/other-writings/tag/Acculturation+of+Nicarao%22s+people |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nicaraguan Nacatamal |url=https://mheescape.mheducation.com/2018/12/10/el-nacatamal-nicaraguense/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Five Traditional Nicaraguan Food You Must Try |url=https://www.latinpost.com/articles/161066/20230930/nicaragua-food-5-try-traditional-dishes-central-american-country.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nacatamal A Taste of Nicaraguan Tradition Wrapped in Banana Leaves |url=https://inventedrecipes.com/recipe/1126 |access-date=2026-08-12 |archive-date=2023-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208131054/https://inventedrecipes.com/recipe/1126 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Recipes for Nicaraguan Nacatamales |url=https://recetasdecomida.pro/receta-para-hacer-nacatamales-nicaraguenses/8 |access-date=2026-08-12 |archive-date=2024-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218120631/https://recetasdecomida.pro/receta-para-hacer-nacatamales-nicaraguenses/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=THE HIRSHON NICARAGUAN PORK NACATAMAL |url=https://www.thefooddictator.com/the-hirshon-nicaraguan-pork-nacatamal/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nacatamales Are the Fatty, Meat-Filled Tamales of Nicaragua |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/nacatamales-are-the-fatty-meat-filled-tamales-of-nicaragua/}}</ref> A zamanin kafin zamanin Columbia, Nicarao ya yi amfani da nama kamar barewa, turkey, da iguana tare da sinadaran kamar tumatir, dankali, barkono, achiote, da ganye don ƙara ɗanɗanon nacatamal kafin a naɗe shi da ɓawon masara a tururi. Bayan mamayar Sipaniya, an yi nacatamales da nama kamar naman alade da kaza. Sun kuma samo asali sun haɗa da sinadaran da ke da daɗi kamar albasa da ganyen ayaba da aka maye gurbin ɓawon masara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nicaraguan Nacatamales Recipe |url=https://travelfoodatlas.com/nicaraguan-nacatamales-recipe}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nicaraguan Recipes |url=https://nicaraguanrecipes.com/nacatamal-recipe/ |access-date=2026-08-12 |archive-date=2025-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251206180903/https://nicaraguanrecipes.com/nacatamal-recipe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana iya ƙara inabi, duk da haka, zaɓi ne kuma ba dole ba ne ga nacatamales. Nacatamal wataƙila shine mafi yawan abincin gargajiya na Nicaragua kuma yawanci ana cin sa a ƙarshen mako, don abincin dare, ko don karin kumallo; yawanci ana cin sa tare da farin burodi da abin sha mai maganin kafeyin kamar baƙar kofi, Coca-Cola ko Pepsi. Abu ne da aka saba cin nacatamales (jam'i) a lokacin bukukuwa na musamman da kuma gayyatar dangi da maƙwabta su ci. [[Fayil:Nacatamales_in_steamer.jpg|thumb|''Nacatamales'' da aka ɗaure a cikin ganyen plantain a shinge don tururi]] == Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su == ''nacatamal'' ya ƙunshi ''Mass'' yawan [[masara]] mai laushi (wani nau'in gurasar da aka yi daga tsarin da ake kira ''Nizquezar'') da man shanu, amma ya haɗa da kayan yaji kamar gishiri da ''achiote'' (annatto). Wannan haɗuwa ana dafa shi ne a al'ada a cikin babban rukuni a kan wuta ta itace. Sakamakon ya zama tushe ga ''nacatamal'' kuma ana kiransa ''Mass''. Wannan tushe an ɗora shi a kan ganyen plantain da aka yi amfani da su don kunshewa cikin manyan ɓangarori. A ganye suna yin nasu shiri daban. Kafin a naɗe ''nacatamal'' kuma a kawo shi zuwa mataki na ƙarshe na tsarin dafa abinci, dole ne a cika shi. Cika yawanci ya kunshi nama na alade mai saurin annatto; shinkafa; sassan [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], bel, [[Tumatir]], da [[albasa]]; zaitun; sprigs; da Chile <nowiki><span about="#mwt66" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;partial&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;mandatoryTargetParams&amp;quot;:[],&amp;quot;optionalTargetParams&amp;quot;:[]}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Not a typo&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Samfuri:Not a typo&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;congo&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwjg" typeof="mw:Transclusion">congo</span></nowiki>, ƙaramin chile mai kama da kwai da aka samu a Nicaragua. A wani lokaci, ana iya ƙara furotin, inabi ko capers. Ana rufe masa da cikawa a cikin ganyen plantain, an ɗaure su da igiya, kuma an sanya su cikin nau'ikan matashin kai. Wadannan ''nacatamales'' ana tururi ko matsin lamba na sa'o'i da yawa. Dukan tsari yana da matukar aiki kuma sau da yawa yana buƙatar shiri a cikin kwanaki biyu; yana iya zama dole a haɗa dukan iyalin don kammala shi. A yau ya zama ruwan dare a rufe ''nacatamales'' a cikin ganyen ayaba da aluminum kafin a dafa. Yin dafa abinci yana ɗaukar sa'o'i biyar kuma a tsakiyar hanyar ana juya ''nacatamales'' don sauƙaƙa ko da dafa abinci. == Duba kuma == * Jerin jita-jita na masara * Abincin Nicaraguan * Abincin Mesoamerica * Jerin jita-jita * Tashar abinci == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} p81los2f6y3g5ess3n4gi1gved8nasp 0 164455 967842 906585 2026-10-15T12:57:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Martina Schradi''' (/ʃʁadi/ an haife ta a shekara ta 1972) marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus, mai zane mai ban dariya kuma ƙwararriyar masaniyar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga [[Nuremberg]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Martina Schradi |url=http://zwerchfellverlag.de/martina-schradi/ |access-date=2016-02-25}}</ref> An san ta da ''Oh, na gani?!'' '','' tarin [[Ban dariya|barkwanci]] da ke nuna rayuwar yau da kullun da gwagwarmayar mutanen da ke cikin al'ummar [[Mutanen LGBTQ|LGBT*I]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Tuscheleien am Gartenzaun |url=http://www.achsoistdas.com/wp-content/medien/2014/07/l-mag.jpg |access-date=2016-02-25}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=KulTour: Comic mal anders - "Ach, so ist das?!" in Erlangen |url=http://www.nordbayern.de/region/nuernberg/kultour-comic-mal-anders-ach-so-ist-das-in-erlangen-1.3719299?searched=true |access-date=2016-02-25}}</ref> Bayan ta yi nasarar nuna ayyukanta, Schradi ta fara yawo a faɗin Jamus don gudanar da bita da karatu. An tsara waɗannan tarurrukan bita ne don wayar da kan mutane kan yadda za su yi amfani da barkwancinta don yaƙi da wariya. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Ach so ist das Vortrag |url=http://www.proutatwork.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/04_Ach-so-ist-das-Vortrag-Martina-Schradi-PAW-Conf-2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405075728/http://www.proutatwork.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/04_Ach-so-ist-das-Vortrag-Martina-Schradi-PAW-Conf-2015.pdf |archive-date=2016-04-05 |access-date=2016-03-01}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Konferenz 2015 |url=http://www.proutatwork.de/fuer-mitarbeiter_innen/veranstaltungen/konferenz/konferenz-2015/ |access-date=2016-03-01 |archive-date=2016-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316092033/http://www.proutatwork.de/fuer-mitarbeiter_innen/veranstaltungen/konferenz/konferenz-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == Bayan kammala karatunta na digiri [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a Erlangen da [[Amsterdam]], Schradi ta yi aiki a matsayin likitan halayyar ɗan adam tsawon shekaru da dama. <ref name=":0"/> Bugu da ƙari, ta kammala digiri a fannin Zane-zanen Sadarwa da Marubucin Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai a Nuremberg da [[Stuttgart]] . Daga ƙarshe, ta koma yin zane-zanen barkwanci, abin sha'awa tun tana ƙarama, ta shafe shekaru da dama tana buga su da kanta. An fitar da wasu daga cikin barkwancinta a matsayin littafin ''Kai, na gani?!'' ( ''Ah, to, ist das?!'' a cikin taken Jamus na asali) tare da kamfanin bugawa Zwerchfell. === ''Kai, na gani?!'' === Schradi ya lura da tattaunawa a lardin Baden-Wuerttemberg kan aiwatar da jigogi na LGBT*I a cikin manhajar makaranta a matsayin abin da ke haifar da matsala ''. Oh, na gani?!.'' <ref name=":1"/> Labarin barkwanci tarin labarai ne na gaskiya game da mutanen da shekarunsu suka kai 20-68 a cikin al'ummar LGBT*I. Ana samun jigogi daban-daban a cikin barkwancin, ciki har da labarai masu fitowa, rashin sirri a wurin aiki da kuma gogewa kan yadda takwarorinsu a makaranta ke kallon [[Jima'in jinsi|luwaɗi]] . An fara buga littafi a shekarar 2014, amma ana iya samun yawancin barkwancin a shafin yanar gizo na hukuma don ''Oh, na gani?!'' '','' ana samunsa a cikin [[Jamusanci]], Sinanci, Ingilishi, Sifaniyanci, da Rashanci. Ana shirin fassara Sinanci <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oh, I see?! |url=http://ohisee.org/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021125234056/http://www.ohisee.org/ |archive-date=November 25, 2002 |access-date=2016-02-25}}</ref> Bayan kasancewar tarin rayuwar mutane, aikin yaƙi da wariya ne wanda Ma'aikatar Harkokin Iyali ta Tarayya, Tsofaffi, Mata da Matasa ke tallafawa a cikin wani aiki mai taken [[:de:Toleranz fördern - Kompetenz stärken|Toleranz fördern – Kompetenz stärken]] (Inganta ƙwarewar ƙarfafa haƙuri), [http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/menschenrechte_e/ Ofishin Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Birnin Nuremberg], da [http://hms-stiftung.de/ Hannchen-Mehrzweck-Stiftung] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oh, I see?! About Section |url=http://ohisee.org/about/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120125053/http://ohisee.org/about/ |archive-date=January 20, 2016}}</ref> An bayar da ƙarin bayani game da wannan aikin a cikin wani babi wanda Schradi ya rubuta tare a cikin littafin ''Koyar da Jinsi'' . === Ilimin Halayya a Jamus === Bayan tattaunawa a Baden-Wuerttemberg game da shigar da jigogi na LGBT*I a cikin manhajar makaranta, Schradi ya fara tattara labarai daga mutane kuma ya zana su. <ref name=":1"/> Bincike da aka gudanar ya nuna yadda mutane da yawa har yanzu suke jin tsoron fita aiki, wanda hakan ya ba ta kwarin gwiwar yin aikinta. Baya ga wannan, malamai da yawa har yanzu ba sa mayar da martani ga ɗabi'un ƙiyayya ga 'yan luwaɗi a cikin aji. Nasarar da aka samu a cikin barkwancin ya ba ta damar shiga cikin yadda za a iya haɗa jigogi na LGBT*I a cikin aji. <ref name=":2"/> Bayan aikinta na mai zane-zane, an buga Schradi, tare da [[Christine Burmann]], a cikin wani babi na ''Teaching Gender?'' mai taken ''Ach, to ist das?!'' ''Ein Antidiskriminierungsprojekt zu LSBTI* auch fuer die Schule (Oh, na gani?! Aikin hana wariya game da LSBTI* ko da na makaranta).'' A can ne suka tattauna yadda barkwanci zai iya bayar da haske game da rayuwar al'ummar LGBT*I a matakin rubutu da na gani. Musamman ma, yadda waɗannan barkwanci za su iya sanar da mutane a tarurrukan bita da kuma ƙara ilmantar da malamai don manhajar karatunsu. An ambaci muhimmancin aikin a cikin yawaitar ƙin jinin 'yan luwaɗi a Jamus ta zamani. Wani bincike da aka yi a yanar gizo ya nuna cewa kusan rabin mahalarta an nuna musu wariya a shekarar da ta gabata, kuma an rufe kashi ɗaya bisa uku a makarantarsu. Har zuwa shekarar 2015, ita ce ke kula da shafin yanar gizo ''na Infothek Lehre,'' wanda ma'aikatar ilimi da bincike ta Jamus ke daukar nauyinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Infothek Lehre |url=http://www.blog.fbzhl.de/allgemein/in-eigener-sache/ |access-date=2016-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410125913/http://www.blog.fbzhl.de/allgemein/in-eigener-sache/ |archive-date=2016-04-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Dandaline da aka sadaukar domin sanar da malamai, da farfesoshi game da wallafe-wallafen da ake bugawa a yanzu a fannin koyarwa. Schradi da kanta ta gudanar da tattaunawa da mutanen da ke cikin tsarin ilimin Jamus daga fannoni daban-daban inda aka tattauna ra'ayoyinsu, hanyoyinsu, da manufofinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Infothek Martina Schradi |url=http://www.blog.fbzhl.de/?s=martina+schradi&x=0&y=0 |access-date=2016-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804062603/http://www.blog.fbzhl.de/?s=martina+schradi&x=0&y=0 |archive-date=2016-08-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] eg0s2i942iupmbh4upsjvw2495o9stq 0 165076 967872 920017 2026-10-15T16:03:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Melanie Raabe''' (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga Agusta 1981 a [[Jena]] ) marubuciya ce kuma 'yar jarida 'yar ƙasar Jamus. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Melanie Raabe a [[Jena]], Jamus ta Gabas, kuma ta girma a Wiehl . Mahaifinta ɗalibi ne mai ziyara daga [[Benin]] . Ta yi karatun kimiyyar kafofin watsa labarai da adabi a Jami'ar Bochum . Daga nan ta fara aikin jarida. A shekarar 2011, ɗan gajeren labarinta mai suna ''The Tooth Fairy (dt. Die Zahnfee)'' ya lashe babbar kyautar lambar yabo ta ''Jamus Short Crime Awards'' a bikin Tatort Eifel saboda adabin laifuka. Ta buga littafin ''The Ugly Ones'' da kanta ''( [[Jamusanci|dt.]] Die Hässlichen'' ) a matsayin littafin lantarki. <ref name="benz">{{Cite web |last=Nina Rudolphi |date=27 September 2016 |title=The thriller read 'round the world |url=https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/me/inspiration/she/lifestyle-she/interview-melanie-raabe/ |access-date=21 December 2017 |publisher=She's Mercedes |archive-date=8 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008095540/https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/me/inspiration/she/lifestyle-she/interview-melanie-raabe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fitar da littafinta mai suna ''The Trap'' ''(dt. Die Falle)'' a bikin baje kolin littattafai na Leipzig a shekarar 2015. An sayar da haƙƙin fim ɗin ''The Trap'' a Berlinale ga TriStar Pictures . Littafin ya lashe ''kyautar Stuttgart Crime Fiction Prize'' a shekara mai zuwa. A shekarar 2016, an buga littafinta mai suna ''The Stranger'' ''(dt. Die Wahrheit)'' a matsayin littafin almara, wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo da kuma littafin sauti. A cikin 2018, Raabe ta fito da littafinta ''The Shadow (dt. Der Schatten)'' . A cikin 2019, an buga littafinta ''The Forests (dt. Die Wälder)'' a ƙarƙashin btb Verlag. An zaɓe ta a cikin jerin 'Yan takarar Leo-Perutz Awards a cikin rukunin ''Mafi kyawun sabon wallafe-wallafe (littafin laifuka)'' na The Shadow ''(dt. Der Schatten'' ), amma ta sha kashi a hannun Alex Beer (Daniela Larcher). == Ayyuka == === Almara === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Lakabi na asali ! Fassarar Turanci ! [[ISBN]] ! Edita ! Marubuci ! Ref. |- | rowspan="1" | 2011 | ''Die Zahnfee'' | ''"Aljanin Hakori"'' | rowspan="1" | — | — | rowspan="2" | Melanie Vega (sunan sirri) | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Das Morden am Hellweg geht weiter: Melanie Raabe schreibt Witten-Krimi |url=https://www.witten.de/kultur-tourismus-sport/news-einzelansicht/news/das-morden-am-hellweg-geht-weiter-melanie-raabe-schreibt-witten-krimi/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=6533833c7eb3c4c3ecbd17558e7e0e58 |access-date=2020-10-07 |website=www.witten.de |language=de}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" | 2014 | ''Die Hässlichen'' | ''"Mugayen Mutane"'' | 978-3844-28019-7 | epubli GmbH | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Die Hässlichen von Melanie Vega bei LovelyBooks (Roman) |url=https://www.lovelybooks.de/autor/Melanie-Vega/Die-Hässlichen-1344403160-w/ |access-date=2020-10-07 |website=LovelyBooks}}</ref> |- | 2015 | ''Die Falle'' | ''"Tarkon"'' | rowspan="1" | 978-3442-75491-5 | rowspan="4" | btb Verlag | rowspan="4" | Melanie Raabe | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Die Falle |url=http://melanieraabe.de/buecher/die-falle/ |access-date=2020-10-07 |website=Melanie Raabe |language=de |archive-date=2019-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219170014/http://melanieraabe.de/buecher/die-falle/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 2016 | ''Die Wahrheit'' | ''"Baƙon"'' | rowspan="1" | 978-3442-71690-6 | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Die Wahrheit |url=http://melanieraabe.de/buecher/die-wahrheit/ |access-date=2020-10-07 |website=Melanie Raabe |language=de |archive-date=2019-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219165811/http://melanieraabe.de/buecher/die-wahrheit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 2018 | ''Der Schatten'' | ''"Inuwar"'' | 978-3442-71903-7 | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Der Schatten |url=http://melanieraabe.de/buecher/der-schatten/ |access-date=2020-10-07 |website=Melanie Raabe |language=de |archive-date=2019-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219165711/http://melanieraabe.de/buecher/der-schatten/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 2019 | ''Die Wälder'' | ''"Dazuzzuka"'' | 978-3442-75753-4 | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Die Wälder von Melanie Raabe bei LovelyBooks (Krimi und Thriller) |url=https://www.lovelybooks.de/autor/Melanie-Raabe/Die-Wälder-2152087620-w/ |access-date=2020-10-07 |website=LovelyBooks}}</ref> |} === Rediyo yana kunna === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Lakabi na asali ! Fassarar Turanci ! Marubuci ! Edita ! Ref. |- | rowspan="1" | 2017 | ''Die Wahrheit'' | ''"Baƙon"'' | rowspan="2" | Melanie Raabe | rowspan="2" | Der Hörverlag | |- | rowspan="1" | 2019 | ''Der Abgrund'' | ''"Abysm"'' | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alle Folgen |url=https://www.hoerverlag-serials.de/der-abgrund |access-date=2020-10-07 |website=Hörverlag Serials |language=de-DE |archive-date=2020-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012113646/https://www.hoerverlag-serials.de/der-abgrund |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} === Littattafan sauti === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Lakabi na asali ! Sigar Turanci ! Marubuci ! Mai magana ! Ref. |- | rowspan="1" | 2015 | ''Die Falle'' | ''"Tarkon"'' | rowspan="4" | Melanie Raabe | rowspan="1" | Devid Striesow, Birgit Minichmayr | |- | rowspan="1" | 2016 | ''Die Wahrheit'' | ''"Baƙon"'' | Nina Kunzendorf, Andreas Pietschmann, Devid Striesow | <ref name="audible.com" /> |- | 2018 | ''Der Schatten'' | ''"Inuwar"'' | rowspan="1" | Katja Bürkle, Melanie Raabe | <ref name="audible.com" /> |- | 2019 | ''Die Wälder'' | ''"Dazuzzuka"'' | rowspan="1" | Melanie Raabe, Anna Schudt | <ref name="audible.com" /> |} == Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Kyauta ! Nau'i ! Aiki ! Sakamako ! Ref. |- | rowspan="1" | 2011 | Tatort Eifel (Jamus Short Crime Awards) | Laifi na Gajeren Laifuka na Jamus | rowspan="1" | ''Die Zahnfee''|rowspan=1 {{Won}} | |- | rowspan="1" | 2015 | Kulturförderpreis des Oberbergischen Kreises | Almara | rowspan="1" | Kanta | Wuri na biyu | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oberbergischer Kreis |date=2020-10-07 |title=Preisträger/innen des Kulturförderpreises |url=https://www.obk.de/cms200/kultur_tourismus/kfp/pt/ |access-date=2020-10-07 |website=Content Management System |language=de}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | 2016 | Stuttgart Crime Fiction Awards (farashin laifi na farko na Witwer) | Mafi kyawun littafin laifuka na farko da ke magana da Jamusanci | ''Die Falle''|rowspan=1 {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=DER STUTTGARTER KRIMIPREIS 2016 {{!}} Stuttgarter Kriminächte |url=https://stuttgarter-kriminaechte.de/node/140 |access-date=2020-10-07 |website=stuttgarter-kriminaechte.de }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | 2019 | Jerin 'Yan Takarar Kyautar Leo-Perutz | Mafi kyawun sabon wallafe-wallafe ( ''Labarin laifuka na'' nau'in) | ''Der Schatten''|rowspan=1 {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-01 |title=Leo-Perutz-Preis für Kriminalliteratur 2019: Fünf mal Hochspannung |url=https://www.buecher.at/leo-perutz-preis-fuer-kriminalliteratur-2019-fuenf-mal-hochspannung/ |access-date=2020-10-07 |website=Hauptverband des Österreichischen Buchhandels}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] gztjyide1wodn7lafwxovc2eeglrxda 0 169409 967849 959712 2026-10-15T14:10:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Masoud Lavasani''' (Persian), (an haife shi a shekara ta 1979) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Three political prisoners spend their birthdays behind bars today &#124; Iranian.com |url=http://iranian.com/main/blog/maryam-nayeb-yazdi/three-political-prisoners-spend-their-birthdays-behind-bars-today.html |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=iranian.com}}</ref> ɗan jaridar Iran ne kuma Mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lavasani's story in iranwire |url=http://en.iranwire.com/features/5976/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308193335/http://en.iranwire.com/features/5976/ |archive-date=8 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Lavasani shi ne editan al'adu na jaridar ''Aftab Yazd'' a Tehran kuma ya yi aiki ga ''Shargh'', ''Hamshahri'' da Etemad da kuma Mehr News Agency . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lavasani's profiles in Al Monitor |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/contents/authors/masoud-lavasani.html |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> An kama Masoud Lavasani a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2009, biyo bayan zaben shugabancin Iran na 2009. An tuhume shi da "Sashewa cikin ayyukan farfaganda a kan gwamnatin". Alkalin Pir Abassi a Kotun Juyin Juya Halin ya yanke masa hukuncin shekaru takwas da rabi a kurkuku. An kuma ba shi haramtacciyar rayuwa daga aikin jarida. A Kotun daukaka kara an rage hukuncin Massoud Lavasani zuwa shekaru shida a kurkuku da kuma haramtacciyar aikin jarida na shekaru goma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CyberDissident Database |url=http://www.cyberdissidents.org/bin/dissidents.cgi?c=IR&id=159 |access-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105011342/http://cyberdissidents.org/bin/dissidents.cgi?id=159&c=IR |archive-date=5 November 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Masoud Lavasani’s Sentence Reduced to 6 Years on Appeal |url=http://www.rahana.org/en/?p=2590 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Duk da haka, a tsakanin al'adun al'adu da masana'antar wallafe-wallafen, Masoud Lavasani sanannen suna ne. Masu wallafa littattafai suna tunawa da shi daga rahotonsa masu ƙarfi da tambayoyin da ya yi kafin da kuma lokacin baje kolin littattafan Tehran na Shekaran 2007, lokacin da ya kalubalanci gudanarwa mai kyau game da manufofinsu da taurin kai don zaɓar Mossalla, a matsayin wurin da ya dace. Lokacin da aka hana shi shiga baje kolin sakamakon rahotonsa, bai yi jinkirin tsalle a kan shinge da dare ba kuma ya ɗauki hotuna na bututu da aka kulle da littattafai masu lalacewa ga hukumar Mehr News. Hotunan sun tabbatar da cewa Mossalla na Tehran ba wuri ne mai kyau don baje kolin ba. A ƙarshe, saboda littafinsa mai kyau, da sauran rahotonsa, an kore shi daga Mehr News, inda ya yi aiki. An kama Masoud Lavasani kuma an kai shi Evin a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 2009. A lokacin da aka tsare shi kadai ya jimre da mummunan azabtarwa da matsin lamba. Ya zama mai rauni kuma ya yi rashin lafiya a cikin sanyi mai sanyi da datti. A kwanakin nan ana tsare shi a cikin ginshiki na unguwa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=101 Journalists Protest Exile of Ahmad Zeidabadi |url=https://journalismisnotacrime.com/en/news/70/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=journalismisnotacrime.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323154412/https://journalismisnotacrime.com/en/news/70/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> inda ake kallon fursunoni dare da rana tare da kyamarori masu rufewa, ana ci gaba da wulakanta su kuma ana kai su gidan yarin kowace safiya da karfe 7 na safe don yin motsa jiki a yanayin sanyi. == A cikin Tarihinsa == : LAVASANI ya fara aiki tare da 'yan jaridar Iran a ƙarshen 90's. Ya yi aiki ga jaridar Jam e Jam a Tehran, ban da haka, ya rubuta gajerun labaru a cikin Mini Mall. Ya rubuta rahotanni na al'adu, Binciken Movie, Bincike na Littafin a cikin jaridu kamar ''Hamshahri'' (Tehran), Etemad (Tehron), ''Ketab da Hafteh'' mako-mako. : Daga Fabrairu 2004 har zuwa Satumba 11, 2007, ya yi aiki ga kamfanin dillancin labarai na MEHR a matsayin mai ba da rahoto a cikin al'adu da adabi. Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a jaridar ''Aftab Yazd'' har zuwa karshen watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007. Ya yi aiki a cikin mujallu biyu na mako-mako da kowane wata a ƙarƙashin taken sakatare da editan mujallu. Har zuwa watan Satumbar shekara ta 2009 ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida mai zaman kansa ga jaridu daban-daban. : Yanzu, yana nazarin batutuwan al'adu, da rahotanni game da tantance littattafai, jaridu, matsin kafofin watsa labarai akan 'yan jarida. A wannan lokacin yana aiki musamman a kan batun haƙuri, tasirinsa a kan al'umma, ilimi, dabarun jimrewa, haƙuri. Nazarinsa game da batutuwan Iran da Afghanistan ne, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Turkiyya sun mamaye labarai da haƙuri a waɗannan ƙasashe. Yana ƙoƙari, ta hanyar labarai, rahotanni, nazarin abubuwan da suka faru saboda rashin haƙuri na iyali, al'umma da duniya, cewa sakamakon rashin haƙuri, jayayya ta iyali, kabilanci, ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sign up &#124; LinkedIn |url=https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=294371638}}</ref> == Kaddamarwa da Kurkuku == Nuwamba 29, 2009, Alkalin [[Pir-Abassi]] na reshe na 26 na Kotun Juyin Juya Halin ya yanke wa Lavasani hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 8 a kurkuku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=دشمنان رسانه در ایران (1)، قاضی یحیی پیرعباسی |url=http://iranwire.com/features/6899/}}</ref> Zarge-zargen da ya yi sun hada da makirci da yin aiki a kan tsaron kasa, zagi Babban Jagora, yada karya ta hanyar shafin yanar gizon sa da imel da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=مجید انصاری معاون روحانی در راه‌پیمایی۲۵خرداد ۱۳۸۸ Iranian protest Jun 15th 2009, Tehran, Iran |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrdArtKKU_4 |access-date=23 March 2024 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> A halin yanzu shafukan yanar gizon sa, akwatin bayanan tururuwa, masu tambayoyin sun share shi kuma ba a iya samun sa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2024 |title=MRiran - All Information about Online Shop |url=https://www.madyariran.net/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=www.madyariran.net}}</ref> An yanke wa Lavasani hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 8 + 1⁄2 a lokacin shari'arsa ta farko. An yanke hukuncin ne ga Mista Lavasani a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 2009. Masoud Lavasani ya sami hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru shida [1] tare da haramta shiga kowane aiki da ya shafi manema labarai na tsawon shekaru 10. Yanayin Lavasani gabaɗaya yana da haɗari sosai kuma, duk da yarjejeniya don sakin sa na yanayi a kan jinginar USD 500,000, wanda yake da wuyar shirya shi, jami'an leken asiri da shari'a har yanzu suna hana sakin sa.[2] An hana Mista Lavasani damar ziyartar ɗansa mai shekaru biyu da matarsa da iyayensa. Ana gudanar da Mista Lavasani a cikin mawuyacin hali a cikin sashi na 350 na gidan yarin Evin.[3][4] [[Javad Moghimi]], Lavasani a cikin tattaunawa da abokai game da Guardian ya ce: : Ya ce babban abokinsa Masoud Lavasani, wakilin siyasa na Fars News, yana cikin kurkuku saboda yajin aikin yunwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madlena |first=Chavala |last2=Stickler |first2=Angus |date=5 July 2010 |title=Javad Moghimi's story reveals the peril of being a journalist in Iran |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/jul/05/javad-moghimi-iran-journalists-jailed |access-date=23 March 2024 |via=The Guardian}}</ref> == Yunkurin Yunwa == Yunkurin yunwa na Lavasani shine don nuna rashin amincewa da iyakokin da masu gadi na kurkuku suka sanya a gidan yarin Evin. Har ila yau, mummunan yanayin jiki na Masoud Lavasani saboda matsin lamba a gidan yarin Evin da kuma tambayoyi masu tsanani sun haifar da damuwa ga iyalinsa da wadanda ke kusa da ɗan jarida. * An tsare Masoud Lavasani Har yanzu a asibitin Evin Matar Lavasani [[Fatemeh Kheradmand]] ta rubuta bayanin kula game da lokutan farko da ta ga hawaye na Lavasani da jikinsa da ya ji rauni saboda azabtarwa, kuma ta kara da cewa ta san Maous Lavasanis ana kwantar da shi a asibiti a asibitin Evin <ref>{{Cite web |title=Detained Journalist Masoud Lavasani Still in Evin Clinic |url=http://www.rahana.org/en/?p=4532 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> * Kafofin yada labarai sun rubuta cewa: A cewar sabbin rahotanni, Lavasani, wani dan jarida da aka tsare, ya sami ciwon jijiya a kurkuku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Detained Journalist, Masoud Lavasani Suffered a Nervous Breakdown |url=http://www.rahana.org/en/?p=4491 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> 07/05/2010 GVF - Advarnews ya ba da rahoton cewa bayan fiye da watanni tara na ɗaurin kurkuku, an saki ɗan jarida Masoud Lavasani daga kurkuku don ɗan gajeren hutu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No news of Masoud Lavasani, journalist sentenced to incarceration |url=http://www.rahana.org/en/?p=8380 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] tosr6ki8duhuxj4tqqs0eeq6ohoh6xw 0 169775 968010 942706 2026-10-15T22:27:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Berkin Elvan''' (5 ga watan Janairun 1999 - 11 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2014) wani yaro ne mai shekaru 15 wanda wani jami'in 'yan sanda ya harbe shi a kansa a Istanbul <ref name="theguardian">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Funeral of Turkish boy Berkin Elvan brings thousands to Istanbul streets &#124; World news &#124; theguardian.com |url=https://m.yeniakit.com.tr/haber/berkin-elvan-icin-kiyameti-koparanlar-sehit-erene-kor-367570.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204201155/https://m.yeniakit.com.tr/haber/berkin-elvan-icin-kiyameti-koparanlar-sehit-erene-kor-367570.html |archive-date=2020-02-04 |access-date=2014-03-30 |website= |publisher=theguardian.com}}</ref> a lokacin zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati a watan Yunin 2013 a Turkiyya. Ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Maris, a shekarar 2014. Lauyoyi da ke wakiltar iyalin sun ce yanayin Elvan ya kara muni a cikin makon da ya gabata na rayuwarsa, tare da nauyinsa ya sauka daga 45 kg zuwa 16 kg.<ref name="euronews">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2014 |title=Turkey: Berkin Elvan, 15, hurt in Istanbul clashes, dies after months in coma &#124; euronews |url=http://www.euronews.com/2014/03/11/turkey-berkin-elvan-15-hurt-in-istanbul-clashes-dies-after-months-in-coma/ |access-date=2014-03-12 |publisher=euronews.com}}</ref><ref name="hurriyetdailynews">{{Cite web |date=12 March 2014 |title=15-year-old Gezi victim Berkin Elvan dies after 269 days in coma - LOCAL |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/15-year-old-gezi-victim-berkin-elvan-dies-after-269-days-in-coma-.aspx?pageID=238&nID=63429&NewsCatID=341 |access-date=2014-03-12 |publisher=hurriyetdailynews.com}}</ref> &nbsp;&nbsp;Yaduwar zanga-zangar ta tashi bayan mutuwar Berkin. Mahaifinsa ya fito ne daga Tokat, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta fito ne daga Tunceli . == Abubuwan da suka faru == [[File:Berkin_Elvan_-_plaque_2_(2023).jpg|thumb|Alamar tunawa a Exarchia, Athens]] A ranar 16 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2013, Berkin yana cikin wani yanki inda zanga-zangar Gezi Park ta faru kusa da gidansa a Okmeydanı, [[Istanbul]] . A wannan rana mahaifiyarsa ta so ta fita sayi burodi, amma Berkin ya ce tituna suna da haɗari sosai kuma saboda yana ƙarami, zai iya gudu da sauri idan akwai gaggawa. Daga baya wani bututun gas mai dauke da hawaye ya buge shi a kai <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=English |first=Duvar |date=2020-03-02 |title=Gendarmerie report says Gezi protest victim Berkin Elvan 'partly to blame' for his own death |url=https://www.duvarenglish.com/domestic/2020/02/03/gendarmerie-report-says-gezi-protest-victim-berkin-elvan-partly-to-blame-for-his-own-death |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813120116/https://www.duvarenglish.com/domestic/2020/02/03/gendarmerie-report-says-gezi-protest-victim-berkin-elvan-partly-to-blame-for-his-own-death/ |archive-date=2020-08-13 |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=www.duvarenglish.com |language=en}}</ref> wanda jami'in 'yan sanda Fatih Dalgalı ya harbe shi. Berkin ya fada cikin coma kuma ya mutu kwanaki 269 bayan haka a ranar 11 ga watan Maris a shekarar 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Germany |first=Stuttgarter Nachrichten, Stuttgart |title=Proteste in Istanbul: Istanbuler Trauermarsch schlägt in Gewalt um |url=https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.proteste-in-istanbul-istanbuler-trauermarsch-schlaegt-in-gewalt-um.1cd76293-3ffd-4955-b5b1-94715104e90d.html |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=stuttgarter-nachrichten.de |language=de |archive-date=2020-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210084115/https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.proteste-in-istanbul-istanbuler-trauermarsch-schlaegt-in-gewalt-um.1cd76293-3ffd-4955-b5b1-94715104e90d.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> An gudanar da jana'izarsa a Istanbul a ranar 12 ga watan Maris kuma dubban mutane sun halarta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-12 |title=Funeral of Turkish boy Berkin Elvan brings thousands to Istanbul streets |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/12/funeral-turkish-boy-berkin-elvan-thousands-istanbul-streets-protests-tear-gas-canister |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312183023/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/12/funeral-turkish-boy-berkin-elvan-thousands-istanbul-streets-protests-tear-gas-canister |archive-date=2014-03-12 |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> An binne shi a Kabari na Feriköy a Istanbul . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Berkin Elvan Commemorated in 5th Year of His Death |url=https://m.bianet.org/english/print/206348-berkin-elvan-commemorated-in-5th-year-of-his-death |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=m.bianet.org}}</ref> == Bincike da shari'a == A ranar 12 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, jami'an 'yan sanda hudu sun ba da shaida don binciken da ke gudana game da raunin Berkin Elvan a lokacin zanga-zangar Gezi. Gabaɗaya, jami'an 'yan sanda 18 sun ba da shaida a matsayin waɗanda ake zargi a cikin binciken, gami da waɗannan huɗu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2014 |title=Berkin Elvan protests continues! |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/26000686.asp |access-date=14 March 2014 |publisher=Hürriyet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402180158/http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/26000686.asp |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu gabatar da kara sun kimanta hotunan kyamarorin sa ido na tsawon shekaru uku har sai sun sami damar ganowa da gurfanar da Dalgalı. An gurfanar da shi saboda kisan kai a ranar 6 ga watan Afrilu a shekara ta 2017, amma kotun ta yanke shawarar kada ta ba da izinin kama Dalgalı.<ref name=":0" /> A ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairun a shekara ta 2020, 'yan sanda sun fitar da rahoto inda suka ambaci cewa Elvan yana da wani bangare na zargi da mutuwarsa, tunda yana cikin yankin zanga-zangar.<ref name=":1" /> Bayan karin sauraro biyu a shekara ta 2021, an yanke wa Dalgalı hukuncin shekaru 16 da watanni 8 a kurkuku, amma kotun ta guji ba da umarnin kama Dalgalı.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2021 |title=Ruling in Berkin Elvan case: 16 years, 8 months in prison |url=https://m.bianet.org/english/law/245901-ruling-in-berkin-elvan-case-16-years-8-months-in-prison |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624110324/https://m.bianet.org/english/law/245901-ruling-in-berkin-elvan-case-16-years-8-months-in-prison |archive-date=2021-06-24 |website=[[Bianet]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2014]] 1a3s5kuopj6wby57oi62ovudwl5vxus 0 172095 968076 963706 2026-10-16T07:19:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Panwali Kantha Bugyal''' wani fili ne na Himalayas Alpine field (wanda aka fi sani da [[Bugyals|Bugyal]] ) a gundumar Tehri Garhwal da ke [[Uttarakhand]] . Panwali Kantha Bugyal wuri ne da ake zuwa yawon shakatawa da kuma yin yawo a kan tituna. Bugyal yana da matsakaicin tsayin mita 3368 kuma yana da kusan 90&nbsp;kilomita daga New Tehri . Fili ne mai tsayin tsaunuka wanda ke da faɗin ciyawa. Tana da hanyar tafiya mai kyau. Tafiya zuwa Panwali Kantha Bugyal ta ratsa ta cikin ciyayi masu kyau na dazuzzukan rhododendrons, itacen oak da deodar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Panwali Kantha Bugyal |url=https://tehri.nic.in/panwali-kantha/ |publisher=Tehri.nic.in}}</ref> Akwai ciyawa kore a ko'ina a cikin ciyayi a lokacin damina. An yi wa hanyar ado da ja da ruwan hoda, a cikin watannin Afrilu da Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Panwali Kantha Trek |url=https://www.euttaranchal.com/tourism/panwali-kantha.php |publisher=indiahikes.com |access-date=2026-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260916145205/https://www.euttaranchal.com/tourism/panwali-kantha.php |archive-date=2026-09-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A lokacin hunturu, dukkan filin ciyawar yana rufe da dusar ƙanƙara. Wannan wuri yana ba da kyawawan ra'ayoyi na tsaunukan Char Dham. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Panwali Kantha Trek |url=https://indiahikes.com/documented-trek/panwali-kantha-trek/#gref |publisher=euttaranchal.com}}</ref> Tafiya ta fara daga Uttarkashi a gefen Gangotri kuma daga Trijuginarayan a gefen Kedarnath. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Panwali Kantha Trek |url=https://www.harkidun.org/panwali-kantha/ |publisher=harkidun.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Panwali Kantha Trek |url=https://tehrisatya.com/panwali-kantha-bugyal/ |publisher=tehrisatya.com}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ana iya samunsa daga ƙauyen Ghuttu wanda ke da nisan mil 30.&nbsp;kilomita daga Ghansali Ana iya isa gare shi daga ƙauyen Ghuttu wanda ke da nisan mil 30.&nbsp;kilomita daga Ghansali. == Manazarta == mkop3s2jh8b9y5nn6g3rxym2zqi6y1e 0 172361 967844 939663 2026-10-15T13:39:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Masai Russell''' / / məˈs aɪ / ⓘ mə-SY ; an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 2000) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=RUSSELL Masai |url=https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/masai-russell_1960169 |access-date=January 13, 2025}}</ref> ɗan tseren gudu da filin tsere ne na Amurka kuma mai tsere kan shinge. Ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024 a zagaye na 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwGQ">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>taron ƙalubale m . Russell shine mai rikodin duniya a cikin 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwHA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m cikas, yana gudana na daƙiƙa 12.09 a ranar 27 ga Agusta, 2026. Baya ga tarihinta na duniya, Russell ta riƙe mafi kyawun 'yan wasa na daƙiƙa 7.74 a kan shingen mita 60, wanda aka daidaita shi a matsayi na goma sha uku cikin sauri a kowane lokaci, da kuma daƙiƙa 54.66 a kan shingen mita 400 . == Sana'a == A shekarar 2021, Russell ta yi tseren shinge na farko na ƙasa da shekaru 13 a tseren mita 100 a gasar SEC Championships, inda ta zo ta biyu a gasar. Ta ci gaba da zama ta shida a wasan ƙarshe. <ref name="WAprofile">{{Cite web |title=Masai RUSSELL - Athlete Profile |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/united-states/masai-russell-14659011 |access-date=November 9, 2024 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, Russell ta yi tseren daƙiƙa 12.93 don shiga gasar ƙarshe ta NCAA Division I Championships, inda ta kare a matsayi na shida. Ta kuma zo ta huɗu a tseren mita 400 da lokacin 56.18, wanda shine mafi kyawun abin da ta taɓa yi a lokacin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Most |first=Jake |date=June 12, 2021 |title=Masai Russell, Faith Ross, Celera Barnes, 4×400 Relay Tally at NCAA Track and Field Championships |url=https://ukathletics.com/news/2021/06/12/womens-track-field-masai-russell-faith-ross-celera-barnes-4x400-relay-tally-at-ncaa-track-and-field-championships/ |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=UK Athletics |language=en-US}}</ref> A gasar NCAA Division I Outdoor Championships ta 2022, Russell ya zo na uku a tseren shingen mita 100 sannan kuma na huɗu a tseren shingen mita 400. <ref name="WAprofile" /> A shekarar 2023, Russell ya karya tarihin gasar tsere mai tsawon mita 60, inda ya yi tseren mita 7.75, inda ya doke lokacin Grace Stark na mita 7.78 da aka saita a shekarar da ta gabata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2023 |title=Masai Russell Breaks Collegiate Record in 60-Meter Hurdles |url=https://ukathletics.com/news/2023/01/20/masai-russell-breaks-collegiate-record-in-60-meter-hurdles/ |access-date=November 9, 2024 |website=Kentucky Athletics}}</ref> A watan Afrilu, ta yi nasarar samun maki 12.36 a gasar kwaleji/NCAA a maki 100.&nbsp;manyan matsaloli a gasar Texas Relays . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Russell breaks collegiate 100m hurdles record at Texas Relays |url=https://worldathletics.org/news/report/texas-relays-masai-russell |access-date=November 9, 2024 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2023 |title=L'Américaine Masai Russell démarre fort aux Texas Relays |trans-title=American Masai Russell starts strong at Texas Relays |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Athletisme/Actualites/L-americaine-masai-russell-demarre-fort-aux-texas-relays/1389256 |access-date=July 10, 2023 |website=[[L'Équipe]] |language=fr}}</ref> A watan Yuni, ta zo ta biyu a duka 100 na gasar, kuma ta zo ta biyu a cikin 100 na gasar.&nbsp;m ƙalubale da 400&nbsp;manyan ƙalubale a Gasar Cin Kofin Waje ta NCAA Division I ta 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women 100 M Hurdles (Final) |url=https://flashresults.ncaa.com/Outdoor/2023/029-2_compiled.htm |access-date=November 9, 2024 |website=flashresults.ncaa.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women 400 M Hurdles (Final) |url=https://flashresults.ncaa.com/Outdoor/2023/030-2_compiled.htm |access-date=November 9, 2024 |website=flashresults.ncaa.org}}</ref> Bayan kammala kakar wasa ta NCAA ta 2023, Russell ya zama ƙwararre. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 11, 2024 |title=Masai Russell: A look at historic debut that won her USATF's 2024 Breakthrough Performer |url=https://www.pulsesports.co.ke/story/masai-russell-a-look-at-historic-debut-that-won-her-usatfs-2024-breakthrough-performer-2024121011460783286 |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=Pulse Sports Kenya |language=en}}</ref> A Gasar Cin Kofin Waje ta Amurka ta 2023, Russell ya kammala gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar karo na uku don wakiltar Amurka a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya da za a yi a [[Budapest]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 8, 2023 |title=Masai Russell Qualifies For World Championships, Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone Wins 400m National Championship |url=https://ukathletics.com/news/2023/07/08/masai-russell-qualifies-for-world-championships-sydney-mclaughlin-levrone-wins-400m-national-championship/ |access-date=November 9, 2024 |website=Kentucky Athletics}}</ref> Ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe, amma ba ta gama a can ba bayan ta ci karo da wata matsala. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chawla |first=Harshita |date=August 24, 2023 |title=US Collegiate Record Holder in 100m Hurdles Faces Upsetting Fate at World Athletics Championship 2023 |url=https://www.essentiallysports.com/us-sports-news-olympics-news-track-and-field-news-us-collegiate-record-holder-in-m-hurdles-faces-upsetting-fate-at-world-athletics-championship-2023/ |access-date=November 9, 2024 |website=Essentially Sports |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250319051027/https://www.essentiallysports.com/us-sports-news-olympics-news-track-and-field-news-us-collegiate-record-holder-in-m-hurdles-faces-upsetting-fate-at-world-athletics-championship-2023/ |archive-date=March 19, 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Masai_Russell_at_the_2024_United_States_Olympic_trials.jpg|left|thumb| Russell a gasar Olympics ta Amurka ta 2024]] Russell ya zo na huɗu a tseren mita 60 a Gasar Cin Kofin Cikin Gida ta Duniya ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rowbottom |first=Mike |date=March 3, 2024 |title=Charlton lowers world 60m hurdles record to 7.65 for global gold in Glasgow |url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-indoor-championships/world-athletics-indoor-championships-7180312/news/report/glasgow-24-women-60m-hurdles-report |access-date=November 9, 2024 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2024, ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar daukar nauyin Nike bayan da a baya aka sanya hannu da Gymshark . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rout |first=Abhiruchi |date=April 15, 2024 |title=NCAA 100m hurdles record holder Masai Russell signs sponsorship deal with Nike |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/us/olympics/news-ncaa-100m-hurdles-record-holder-masai-russell-signs-sponsorship-deal-nike |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=Sportskeeda |language=en-us}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 12, 2024 |title='Why should I care? - Masai Russell on the challenges of competing without a sponsor |url=https://www.pulsesports.co.ke/story/why-should-i-care-masai-russell-on-the-challenges-of-competing-without-a-sponsor-2024101211513949540 |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=Pulse Sports Kenya |language=en}}</ref> Ta zo ta farko a gasar Olympics ta Amurka ta 2024 a tseren mita 100 a lokacin da ta fi dacewa da gudu na 12.25 don ta cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024 a Paris. A gasar Olympics, Russell ya lashe zinare da minti 12 da minti 33, inda ya doke Cyréna Samba-Mayela da kyar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=de Villiers |first=Ockert |date=August 10, 2024 |title=Paris 2024 athletics: USA's Masai Russell wins maiden Olympic 100m hurdles gold medal in photo finish |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/masai-russell-wins-maiden-olympic-100m-hurdles-gold-medal-in-photo-finish |access-date=November 9, 2024 |website=olympics.com |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee|IOC]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Turnbull |first=Simon |date=October 19, 2024 |title=Russell's Olympic title win launches legacy in the making |url=https://worldathletics.org/women-in-athletics/news/masai-russell-usa-100m-hurdles-paris-olympic-games |access-date=November 9, 2024 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2024, an sanar da cewa Russell ya yi rajista don fara kakar wasa ta Grand Slam Track wanda Michael Johnson ya kafa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Entire Olympic 100m hurdles podium signs for Grand Slam Track |url=https://athleticsweekly.com/athletics-news/entire-olympic-100m-hurdles-podium-signs-for-grand-slam-track-1039992969/ |access-date=December 20, 2024 |publisher=Athletics Weekly}}</ref> Ta kawo karshen kakar wasa ta 2024 ta hanyar zama ta uku a taron farko na Athlos . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dredge |first=Mark |date=September 27, 2024 |title=ATHLOS 2024: An Incredible Night Of Women’s Track Racing in NYC |url=https://therunningchannel.com/athlos-nyc-2024/ |access-date=November 9, 2024 |website=[[The Running Channel]]}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2025, ta yi tseren shingen mita 100 a cikin daƙiƙa 12.17, wanda shine rikodin Amurka, a taron Miami Grand Slam na 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geoghegan |first=Zack |date=May 4, 2025 |title=Former Kentucky track star Masai Russell has made American history |url=https://www.on3.com/teams/kentucky-wildcats/news/former-kentucky-track-star-masai-russell-has-made-american-history/ |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=On3}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 3, 2025 |title=Russell and Jones jump to No.2 and No.3 all time in historic hurdles clash in Miami |url=https://worldathletics.org/news/report/russell-jones-100m-hurdles-miami-grand-slam-track |access-date=May 3, 2025 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Yuli, ta yi gudu zuwa matsayi na huɗu a gasar Prefontaine Classic ta 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zaccardi |first=Nick |date=July 5, 2025 |title=2025 Prefontaine Classic Results |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/olympics/news/prefontaine-classic-results-2025 |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=NBC Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Agusta, ta fafata a Gasar Wasannin Wasa da Filayen Waje ta Amurka ta 2025 kuma ta lashe lambar zinare da dakika 12.22. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 3, 2025 |title=Here Are the Results from the 2025 USATF Championships |url=https://www.runnersworld.com/news/a65564334/usatf-championships-results-2025/ |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=Runner's World |language=en-US}}</ref> A Gasar Cin Kofin Wasannin Duniya ta 2025, Russell ta lashe gasarta ta zafi da ta kusa da na karshe amma ta kare a matsayi na hudu ne kawai a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Majendie |first=Matt |date=September 15, 2025 |title=Kambundji shocks in Tokyo as Swiss peaks to take 100m hurdles gold |url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-championships/world-athletics-championships-tokyo-2025-7190593/news/report/world-championships-tokyo-25-report-womens-100m-hurdles |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=World Athletics}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kano |first=Shintaro |date=September 15, 2025 |title=World Athletics Championships Tokyo 2025: Surprise, surprise - Ditaji Kambundji comes out of nowhere to win women's 100m hurdles gold |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/world-athletics-championships-2025-women-100-hurdles-final-results |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=Olympics}}</ref> Ta ƙare kakar wasa da lashe gasar Athlos ta 2025 a gasar 100&nbsp;manyan shinge masu ƙarfi da daƙiƙa 12.52 na taimakon iska. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 11, 2025 |title=Brown, Davis-Woodhall and Hodgkinson shine at Athlos |url=https://worldathletics.org/news/report/athlos-nyc-2025-brown-davis-woodhall-hodgkinson |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=World Athletics}}</ref> [[File:Masai_Russell_(USA)_DSC00109.jpg|left|thumb| Russell bayan ya karya tarihin duniya na tseren mita 100 a Weltklasse Zürich na 2026]] A watan Mayun 2026, Russell ta ƙara inganta nasararta ta sirri zuwa daƙiƙa 12.14 bayan ta lashe gasar a gasar Xiamen Diamond League . <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 23, 2026 |title=Xiamen Diamond League - 100m Hurdles Women Results |url=https://ath-wdl-archive.azureedge.net/2026/xiamen/ATHW100MHURDDIAMOND---FNL-000100--_C73B1_1.0.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260523145832/https://ath-wdl-archive.azureedge.net/2026/xiamen/ATHW100MHURDDIAMOND---FNL-000100--_C73B1_1.0.PDF |archive-date=May 23, 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goulding |first=Grace |last2=Nelsen |first2=Matt |date=July 3, 2026 |title=Exclusive: Paris 2024 hurdles Olympic champion Masai Russell: "It's not a secret that I'm on world-record watch" |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/masai-russell-hurdles-world-record-watch-eugene-diamond-league |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=Olympics}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2026, Russell ya fafata a gasar tseren mita 100 ta Los Angeles Grand Prix kuma ya yi nasara da daƙiƙa 12.26. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 15, 2026 |title=11 Reigning World and Olympic Champions Headline the LA Grand Prix |url=https://usatf.org/news/2026/11-reigning-world-and-olympic-champions-headline-t |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=USATF}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2026 |title=Olympic champions Rogers and Russell face tough opposition at Los Angeles Grand Prix |url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-continental-tour/news/rogers-russell-los-angeles-grand-prix-2026 |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=World Athletics}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 13, 2026 |title=USATF LA Grand Prix {{!}} Results |url=https://worldathletics.org/competition/calendar-results/results/7233063?eventId=10229522&gender=W |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=World Athletics}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Yuli, ta lashe irin wannan gasa a gasar Prefontaine Classic ta 2026 da maki 12.24, wanda ya yi daidai da tarihin haduwa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 4, 2026 |title=Records fall as top-class clashes light up Eugene |url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/diamond-league/news/prefontaine-classic-eugene-2026-britt-russell-hiltz-taylor |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=World Athletics}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Agusta, 2026, Russell ya lashe gasar 100&nbsp;Manyan matsaloli a gasar Zürich Diamond League ta 2026 tare da tarihin duniya na daƙiƙa 12.09, ɗaya daga cikin tarihin duniya guda biyu da aka kafa a wannan gasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Imbo |first=Will |date=August 27, 2026 |title=Masai Russell breaks women's 100m hurdles world record with 12.09 at 2026 Zurich Diamond League |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/masai-russell-100m-hurdles-world-record-zurich |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=Olympics}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zaccardi |first=Nick |date=August 27, 2026 |title=Masai Russell breaks 100m hurdles world record in Zurich |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/olympics/news/masai-russell-world-record-100-meter-hurdles |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=NBC Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nassuna |first=Margaret |date=August 27, 2026 |title=Masai Russell Sets 100m World Record At Diamond League Zurich |url=https://www.flotrack.org/articles/16147788-masai-russell-sets-100m-world-record-at-diamond-league-zurich |access-date=August 27, 2026 |website=FloTrack |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya karya tarihin da [[Oluwatobiloba Amusan|Tobi Amusan]] ya kafa a baya na 12.12s a shekarar 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fasetire |first=Sam O'Femi |date=August 28, 2026 |title=Tobi Amusan Takes Consolation From Season's Best Time, After Losing World Record To USA's Masai Russell |url=https://www.sports247.ng/tobi-amusan-takes-consolation-from-seasons-best-time-after-losing-world-record-to-usas-masai-russell/ |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=Sports247 Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwoke |first=Chidi Uduma |date=August 28, 2026 |title=Masai Russell Breaks Tobi Amusan’s 100m Hurdles World Record |url=https://von.gov.ng/masai-russell-claims-tobi-amusans-100m-hurdles-world-record/ |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=Voice of Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Nasarar ta nuna nasararta ta 11 a jere a gasar. Da yake tunani game da aikinta, Russell ya nuna cewa iska mai ƙarfi da za ta iya tura ta ƙarƙashin shingen daƙiƙa 12. "Idan muka samu iska mai karfin 1.9 a bayana, da hakan zai iya zama tseren 'yan kasa da shekaru 12," in ji ta, tana mai cewa, "Duk abin da na fada da nake son yi ya cimma nasara, don haka me zai hana in ce ina ganin zan iya zama na farko da zai yi tseren 'yan kasa da shekaru 12?" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goh |first=ZK |date=August 28, 2026 |title=Masai Russell goes from 'taking the Ls' to world record holder and now wants sub-12: "I don't know what is possible at this point" |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/masai-russell-world-record-holder-sub-12-sights-100m-hurdles |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=Olympics}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=August 27, 2026 |title=Masai Russell Runs 12.09 World Record as Her Perfect Season Continues in the 100m hurdles |url=https://www.letsrun.com/news/2026/08/masai-russell-runs-12-09-world-record-as-her-perfect-season-continues-in-the-100m-hurdles/ |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=LetsRun.com |language=en}}</ref> == Ilimi == Russell ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Bullis a shekarar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 8, 2024 |title=Bullis Alumnus Masai Russell Wins Olympic Gold in Women's 100m Hurdles |url=https://www.bullis.org/athletics/athletics-news/article/~board/bullis/post/bullis-alumnus-masai-russell-wins-olympic-gold-in-womens-100m-hurdles |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=www.bullis.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Kentucky da digiri a fannin Kimiyyar Lafiya a shekarar 2023. == Sakamakon gasa == Bayanan da aka ɗauko daga bayanin wasannin motsa jiki na duniya sai dai idan an yi bayanin wani abu daban. === Wasannin da'ira === {{Grand Slam Track}} === Gasar cin kofin ƙasa === {| {{AchievementTable}} |- |2021 |[[2020 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)|US Olympic Trials]] |[[Hayward Field|Eugene, Oregon]] |6th (sf) |400 Meters Hurdles |58.00 | |- |2022 |[[2022 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships|USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships]] |[[Hayward Field|Eugene, Oregon]] |6th |400 Meters Hurdles |55.66 | |- |2023 |[[2023 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships|USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships]] |[[Hayward Field|Eugene, Oregon]] |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |100 Meters Hurdles |12.46 | |- |rowspan=2|2024 |[[2024 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships|USA Indoor Track and Field Championships]] |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico]] |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |60 Meters Hurdles |7.80 | |- |[[2024 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)|US Olympic Trials]] |[[Hayward Field|Eugene, Oregon]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |100 Meters Hurdles |12.25 | |- |rowspan=2|2025 |[[2025 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships|USA Indoor Track and Field Championships]] |[[New York, New York]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |60 Meters Hurdles |7.74 | |- |[[2025 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships|USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships]] |[[Hayward Field|Eugene, Oregon]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |100 Meters Hurdles |12.22 | |} === Gasar ƙasa da ƙasa === {| {{AchievementTable}} | 2017 | [[2017 Pan American U20 Athletics Championships|Pan American U20 Championships]] | [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]], Peru |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd | [[2017 Pan American U20 Athletics Championships|400 m hurdles]] | 57.55 | |- |2023 | [[2023 World Athletics Championships|World Championships]] | [[Budapest]], Hungary |9th (h) | [[2023 World Athletics Championships – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |12.60¹ | |- | rowspan=2|2024 | [[2024 World Athletics Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] | [[Glasgow]], United Kingdom |4th | [[2024 World Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's 60 metres hurdles|60 m hurdles]] | 7.81 | |- | [[Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] | [[Paris]], France | bgcolor=gold | 1st | [[Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] | 12.33 | |- |2025 | [[2025 World Athletics Championships|World Championships]] | [[Tokyo]], Japan |4th | [[2025 World Athletics Championships – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |12.44 | |- |2026 | [[2026 World Athletics Ultimate Championship|World Ultimate Championship]] | [[Budapest]], Hungary | bgcolor=gold | 1st | [[2026 World Athletics Ultimate Championship – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |12.22 | |}<div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> <templatestyles src="Chart/styles.css" />{{ChartDirect|width=600px|type=line|y1Title=100 meter hurdles progression(sec)|x=2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026|y1=13.93, 13.18, 12.90, 12.71, 12.36, 12.25, 12.17, 12.09}} </div> == Kyaututtuka == * Kyautar Dare ta Tatsuniya ta 2024: Kyautar Wing Mai Fim Mai Nasara <ref>{{Cite web |title=McLaughlin-Levrone, Hall, and Russell honored with USATF Wing Awards presented by Greater Orlando Sports Commission |url=https://www.usatf.org/news/2024/mclaughlin-levrone-hall-and-russell-honored-with-u |access-date=December 7, 2024 |website=USATF}}</ref> == Nassoshi == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{World Athletics}} * Masai Russell at Olympics.com * Masai Russell at Olympedia * Masai Russell at www.USATF.org * Masai Russell at Team USA * Masai Russell on TikTok * Masai Russell on Instagram * [https://ukathletics.com/sports/track/roster/player/masai-russell/ Masai Russell] at Kentucky Wildcats [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] 9eims54ki8hurvle54n9t10j8meshmt 0 173447 967850 943410 2026-10-15T14:12:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Masoud Molavi Vardanjani''' ( Persian ; 28 Afrilu 1987 - 14 Nuwamba 2019) ƙwararre ne a fannin tsaron yanar gizo kuma ɗan adawar Iran wanda ya fallasa bayanai game da [[Jamhuriyar Musulunci]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mas'ud Molavi Vardanjani: One Person’s Story |url=https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/-8448/masud-molavi-vardanjani |access-date=2026-07-09 |website=Abdorrahman Boroumand Center |language=en}}</ref> An kashe Vardanjani a birnin Istanbul na Turkiyya, a wani abu da ake zargin wani aiki ne da jami'an leken asirin Iran suka yi. An ruwaito cewa Vardanjani yana da hannu a shirin kare yanar gizo na Iran, yana aiki tare da [[Dakarun kare juyin juya halin Musulunci|Rundunar Tsaron Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci]] (IRGC) da Ma'aikatar Tsaron Iran, kafin daga baya ya zama mai suka ga gwamnati. Ya gudanar da wani tashar Telegram mai suna "Black Box", wacce ta yi ikirarin buga takardu da ke fallasa cin hanci da rashawa a cikin Ofishin Jagoranci, tsarin shari'a na Iran, da kuma sojojin Iran . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Masoud Molavi Vardanjani |url=https://journalismisnotacrime.com/en/wall/masoudmolavivardanjani/ |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=journalismisnotacrime.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260917185528/https://journalismisnotacrime.com/en/wall/masoudmolavivardanjani/ |archive-date=2026-09-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters ya ruwaito cewa jami'an diflomasiyyar Iran na ofishin jakadancin Iran da ke Turkiyya sun taimaka wajen kashe shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-01 |title=Iran assassination in Istanbul latest regime murder abroad, say experts |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/features/2020/04/01/Iran-assassination-in-Istanbul-latest-regime-murder-abroad-say-experts |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=Al Arabiya English |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tolliver |first=Sandy |date=2020-04-16 |title=Iran's 'Khashoggi': Where's the outrage over the death of Masoud Molavi Vardanjani? |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/international/492291-irans-khashoggi-wheres-the-outrage-over-the-death-of-masoud-molavi |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-02 |title=The story of Iran, a murdered hacker and me |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/independentpremium/long-reads/iran-molavi-hacker-cyber-security-murder-khashoggi-death-turkey-a9640491.html |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=[[The Independent]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2020 |title=Pompeo Says Iran's Diplomats Agents Of Terror, Responsible For 'Multiple' Killings |url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/pompeo-says-iran-s-diplomats-agents-of-terror-responsible-for-multiple-assassinations/30524972.html |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=RFE/RL |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar ilimi == Ya yi digirin farko a fannin injiniyan gini daga Jami'ar Musulunci ta Azad reshen Najaf Abad da kuma fasahar kere-kere da fasahar kere-kere daga Jami'ar Tehran.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2021}} === Zargin zamba === Mohammad Jorjandi, ya buga shaidu da dama game da cikakkun bayanai game da zamba, jabu, da ayyukan mugunta na Molavi, a kan Tashar Telegram da gidan yanar gizon sa mai suna "Webamooz"; wanda ke gudanar da aikin jarida na bincike kan zamba da masu aikata laifuka ta yanar gizo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=وب آموز |url=https://t.me/s/webamoozir |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Telegram}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=وب آموز - محققان مستقل جرایم و کلاهبرداری های رایانه ای |url=https://www.webamooz.com/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |language=fa-IR}}</ref> == Gudu zuwa Turkiyya == A shekarar 2018, Vardanjani ya gudu daga Iran zuwa Turkiyya saboda gwamnatin Iran tana bincikensa. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-11 |title=Iranian diplomat nabbed over dissident murder plot in Turkey |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/investigations/iranian-diplomat-nabbed-over-dissident-murder-plot-in-turkey |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya yi rubuce-rubuce a shafukan sada zumunta suna sukar [[Dakarun kare juyin juya halin Musulunci|Rundunar Tsaron Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci]] (IRGC) da Ma'aikatar Tsaron Iran . <ref name="auto" /> Tashar Telegram ɗinsa mai suna "Black Box" ta fallasa cin hanci da rashawa a tsakanin jami'an Iran. == Kisa == A cewar Iran Wire da ke ambaton ɗan jaridar TRT, Azari Jahromi, ministan sadarwa na Iran ya yi masa barazana kafin a kashe shi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=نام آذری‌ جهرمی در پرونده ترور مسعود مولوی |url=https://iranwire.com/fa/features/46114 |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=IranWire {{!}} خانه |language=fa}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 2019, an kashe Vardanjani a [[Istanbul]], [[Turkiyya]] da harbin bindiga yayin da yake tafiya a kan titi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2020 |title=Exclusive: Iranian diplomats instigated killing of dissident in Istanbul, Turkish officials say |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/exclusive-iranian-diplomats-instigated-killing-of-dissident-in-istanbul-turkis-idUSKBN21E3FR/}}</ref> Tsohon Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka Mike Pompeo ya ambaci hakan a matsayin wani misali na yadda [[Iran]] ke kashe masu adawa da ita. <ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 2020, an kama wani ma'aikacin ofishin jakadancin Iran da ke Ankara a wannan shari'ar kisan gilla. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] 2fthxi8084pk6o6s0fcf2mr7ehbd0rf 0 173559 967870 956944 2026-10-15T16:00:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <div> <references responsive="1"></references> </div>'''Melanie Jayne Chisholm''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1974), wacce aka fi sani da '''Melanie C''' ko Mel C, mawaƙiya ce kuma marubuciya ta Ingila. Ta yi fice a tsakiyar shekarun 1990s a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar mawaƙa Spice Girls, inda aka ba ta lakabi da Sporty Spice . Tare da fiye da miliyan 100 da aka sayar a duk duniya, Spice Girls sune ƙungiyar mata mafi kyawun tallace-tallace a kowane lokaci. Kungiyar ta ci gaba da hutu mara iyaka a cikin 2000, kafin ta sake haɗuwa don babban kundin waƙoƙi (2007) da kuma yawon shakatawa guda biyu: Return of the Spice Girls (2007-2008) da Spice World (2019). An san ta da sautin ta na musamman da na musamman da kuma iyawarta ta murya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Melanie C |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/8309/melanie-c/ |website=[[Official Charts Company|Official Charts]]}}</ref> Chisholm ya fara aiki a ƙarshen 1998 a kan "[[Bryan Adams]] song)">Lokacin da Ka tafi" tare da mawaƙin dutsen Kanada Bryan Adams . Ta sanya hannu tare da Virgin Records don fitar da kundi na farko na solo Northern Star (1999), wanda ya haifar da waƙoƙi biyu na Burtaniya, "Babu sake kasancewa iri ɗaya" da "Na juya zuwa gare ka". Kundin ya sayar da fiye da miliyan 4 a duk duniya, tun daga shekara ta 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2022 |title=Melanie C &#124; Art on Ice |url=https://www.artonice.com/en/program/melanie-c/ |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2022 |title=Melanie C gets searingly candid about the price of fame in her autobiography "Who I Am" |url=https://texxandthecity.com/2022/11/melanie-c-gets-searingly-candid-about-the-price-of-fame-in-her-autobiography-who-i-am/ |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref> Bayan fitowar kundi na biyu, Reason (2003), Chisholm ta rabu da Virgin Records kuma ta kafa kamfaninta na rikodin, Red Girl Records . Kundin ta na uku, Beautiful Intentions (2005), ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci a Turai kuma ya haifar da waƙoƙin "Next Best Superstar" da "First Day of My Life". Kundin ta na huɗu, This Time (2007), ya sayar da fiye da 300,000 a duk duniya. Kundin Chisholm na baya-bayan nan sun hada da The Sea (2011), Stages (2012), Version of Me (2016), da ''Melanie C'' (2020). An saki kundi na tara na solo, Sweat, a ranar 1 ga Mayu 2026, wanda ya fara a lamba ta uku a kan UK Albums Chart, ya zama mafi girman kundin solo na mawaƙa, kuma mafi girman kundin Solo na memba na Spice Girls . <ref name="UKrecord">{{Cite web |date=8 May 2026 |title=Melanie C breaks all-time solo Spice Girls record with Sweat |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/melanie-c-spice-girls-record-sweat/ |access-date=9 May 2026 |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> Chisholm ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa, ciki har da lambar yabo ta duniya guda uku, lambar yabo ta Brit guda biyar, lambar yabo ce ta Amurka guda uku, lambobin yabo ta Billboard guda huɗu, lambar yabo mai suna MTV Europe Music Awards guda uku, kyautar MTV Video Music Award guda ɗaya, lambar yabo ɗaya ta ASCAP, da lambar yabo ɗaya. Waƙarta ta 2000 "I Turn to You" ta lashe Kyautar Grammy don Mafi Kyawun Rubuce-rubuce, Ba na gargajiya ba don Hex Hector's remix . A shekara ta 2009, Chisholm ta fara fitowa a fagen wasa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na West End Blood Brothers, wanda aka zaba ta don lambar yabo ta Laurence Olivier . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lamont |first=Tom |date=14 March 2010 |title=Melanie C on her Olivier nomination |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2010/mar/14/melanie-c-olivier-blood-brothers |access-date=17 December 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ta sayar da rubuce-rubuce sama da miliyan 130 a cikin aikinta kuma ta sami takaddun shaida sama da 339 a duniya, gami da takaddun shaidar Azurfa, Zinariya, da Platinum 46 a matsayin mai zane-zane. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Melanie Jayne Chisholm a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1974 a Whiston, Lancashire, 'yar mawaƙa Joan Tuffley Chishol m O'Neill (wanda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin sakatare da mataimakin mutum), da kuma mai shirya Kamfanin Otis Elevator, Alan William Chisholma. <ref name="Sinclair" />{{Efn|Whiston was in Lancashire before being moved to Merseyside on 1 April 1974.}} Iyayenta sun yi aure a 1971 kuma sun rabu a 1978, lokacin da Melanie ke da shekaru hudu.<ref name="Sinclair" /> Mahaifiyarta ta sake yin aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya da yawa, daya daga cikinsu shine direban tsere Paul O'Neill. Melanie ta girma a Widnes, Cheshire, tana halartar Brookvale Junior School a kusa da Runcorn da kuma Fairfield High School a Widnes.<ref name="Goldstein" /><ref name="Sinclair" /> Ta yi karatu don difloma a cikin waka, rawa, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa a Kwalejin Doreen Bird na Ayyuka a Landan, ta bar kusan kammala karatun ta na shekaru uku kuma daga baya ta sami cancantar koyarwa a cikin bututu da wasan kwaikwayo na zamani tare da Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing . <ref name="Goldstein" /><ref name="Goldstein" /> === 1994-2000: Spice Girls === A shekara ta 1994, Chisholm na ɗaya daga cikin ''Mataki'' kusan 400 da suka amsa wani talla a cikin mujallar The Stage da Chris da Bob Herbert suka sanya, waɗanda ke neman kafa sabuwar ƙungiyar 'yan mata wacce daga baya za ta zama Spice Girls . Chisholm, tare da Melanie Brown, Geri Halliwell, da [[Victoria Beckham|Victoria Adams]], an zaba su ne a matsayin membobin kungiyar, wanda ya zama quintet tare da karawa da [[Emma Bunton]]. Rashin amincewa game da rashin kwangila kuma ya yi takaici da jagorancin Chris da Bob Herbert's Heart Management, kungiyar ta yanke alaƙa da Herberts. A shekara ta 1995, sun tattauna da lakabi na rikodin a London da Los Angeles kuma daga ƙarshe sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da Virgin. Kundin su na farko, Spice, ya kasance babbar nasara ta kasuwanci a duniya, ya kai lamba 1 a cikin kasashe sama da 17 a duk faɗin duniya, kuma an tabbatar da shi da yawa-Platinum a cikin kasashen 27. A ra'ayi, kundin ya ta'allaka ne akan ra'ayin Girl Power, kuma a wannan lokacin an kwatanta shi da Beatlemania . A cikin duka kundin ya sayar da kwafin miliyan 30 a duk duniya, ya zama mafi girman kundin sayar da shi a tarihin kiɗa ta ƙungiyar yarinya kuma ɗaya daga cikin kundin da suka fi nasara a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spice Girl's biography |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/spicegirls/biography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216124444/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/spicegirls/biography |archive-date=16 December 2008 |access-date=7 September 2009 |website=Rollings Stone}}</ref> Na farko, "Wannabe" ya kai lamba 1 a cikin ƙasashe 37, kuma waƙoƙin da suka biyo baya - "Say You'll Be There", "2 Become 1", "Who Do You Think You Are" da "Mama" - duk sun kai lamba 1 ga Burtaniya. <ref name="ofi">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.thespicegirls.com/facts/biography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821225745/http://www.thespicegirls.com/facts/biography |archive-date=21 August 2009 |access-date=30 August 2009 |publisher=Spice Girls official website}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 1997 |title=Spice Girls, PMS On The Money |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1434516/19971001/spice_girls.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229224949/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1434516/spice-girls-pms-on-money.jhtml |archive-date=29 December 2011 |access-date=21 March 2010 |website=[[MTV]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1997, sun fito da kundi na biyu, Spiceworld, tare da waƙoƙi biyu na farko "Spice Up Your Life" da "Too Much", suna shiga UK Albums Chart a lamba 1. Kundin ya kasance mafi kyawun sayar da duniya, yana sayar da kwafin miliyan 20 a duk duniya. Kungiyar ta kuma fito a fim din su, Spiceworld: The Movie, wanda ya tara dala miliyan 100 a ofishin jakadancin duniya kuma ya zama fim na biyu da aka fi kallo a shekara. Na gaba, "Stop", ya kai lamba ta biyu, ɗayan su kawai ba su kai saman sigogi ba. "Viva Forever", wani lamba 1, shine na karshe kafin Halliwell ya tashi daga kungiyar a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1998. Tare da mambobi huɗu, ƙungiyar ta saki "Goodbye", kafin Kirsimeti a cikin 1998 kuma lokacin da ta hau kan UK Singles Chart ta zama ta uku a jere lambar 1 Kirsimeti - daidai da rikodin da Beatles suka Kawai a baya.<ref name="OCGoodbye">{{Cite web |last=Justin Myers |date=20 December 2013 |title=Official Charts Flashback 1998: Spice Girls – Goodbye |url=http://www.officialcharts.com/features/official-charts-flashback-1998-spice-girls-goodbye-2688/ |access-date=22 December 2013 |publisher=Official Charts}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba, mai zane-zane na Kanada Bryan Adams, ya saki "Lokacin da Ka tafi" tare da muryoyin Chisholm, aikinta na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Irish Singles Chart – Search for song |url=https://www.irma.ie/search/%2A |access-date=6 July 2011 |publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]]}}</ref> Waƙar ta kai lamba ta 3 a kan UK Singles Chart, ta kwashe makonni goma sha biyar a cikin Top 40 kuma ta sami takardar shaidar Platinum.<ref name="UK">{{Cite web |last=Myers |first=Justin |date=28 March 2015 |title=10 girl group stars who went it alone |url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/10-girl-group-stars-who-went-it-alone__8768/ |access-date=28 March 2015 |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> === 1999-2003: ''Tauraron Arewa'' da ''Dalilin'' === A cikin 1999, Chisholm ya sanya hannu tare da Virgin kuma, a lokacin rani, ya rubuta kundin Northern Star . Ta rubuta "Ga Ga" daga sauti na fim din Big Daddy . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Original Soundtrack: Big Daddy |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/big-daddy-mw0000241564 |access-date=13 September 2011 |publisher=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> An saki waƙar a matsayin mai gabatarwa a ranar 25 ga Yuni, kawai a Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |year=1999 |title=Ga Ga – Melanie C |url=https://www.discogs.com/Melanie-C-Ga-Ga/release/7477410 |access-date=13 September 2011 |publisher=Discogs}}</ref> Ta kuma rubuta tare kuma ta rubuta muryoyin goyon baya don " (Hey You) Free Up Your Mind", wanda [[Emma Bunton]] ta raira daga fim din fim din Pokémon: The First Movie . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arnesen |first=Jon |date=5 February 2000 |title=M2M make their name via Atlantic |url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA59450035&v=2.1&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w&asid=e0c6c85321a9b4eefa0043d1cd338a83 |journal=Music & Media |volume=17 |issue=6 |page=3}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga watan Satumba, Chisholm ta fitar da wakar ta farko, "Goin' Down" kuma ta kai lamba 4 a Burtaniya da 25 a Ostiraliya.<ref name="uksingles">{{Cite web |title=Singles Top 100 from the Official UK Charts Company |url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/singles-chart/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724181001/http://www.theofficialcharts.com/singles-chart/ |archive-date=24 July 2011 |access-date=13 September 2011 |publisher=Official UK Charts Company}}</ref> An harbe bidiyon kiɗa a Los Angeles kuma Giuseppi Capotondi ne ya ba da umarni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=News.com Jul99 |url=http://spicenews.com/1999/jul99.html |access-date=13 September 2011 |publisher=spicenews.com}}</ref> An saki kundi na farko, Northern Star, a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1999, ya kai lamba 4 kuma ya sayar da kwafin miliyan huɗu a duk duniya, ya sami platinum sau uku a Burtaniya, da kuma wasu takaddun shaida guda bakwai, gami da Platinum a Jamus da Sweden. <ref name="bpi">{{Cite web |title=BPI Certified Awards |url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924015932/http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |archive-date=24 September 2009 |access-date=4 September 2009 |publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]}}</ref><ref name="ifpiswe">{{Cite web |title=Platinum certified |url=http://www.ifpi.se/wp-content/uploads/ar-20002.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033231/http://www.ifpi.se/wp-content/uploads/ar-20002.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=7 November 2011 |publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]] Hung Medien}}</ref> An saki "Northern Star" a matsayin na biyu kuma ya kai lamba 4.<ref name="uksingles" /> Don inganta kundin, Chisholm ya fara rangadin da ake kira Daga Liverpool zuwa Leicester Square, yana tafiya zuwa Ostiraliya, Amurka, Kanada, Japan, Burtaniya, Jamus, Italiya, Spain, Faransa, Netherlands da Denmark, tsakanin 27 ga Satumba da 1 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=From Liverpool to Leicester Square |url=http://www.melaniec.net/live/tour-archive/303-from-liverpool-to-leceister-square-tour |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418055605/http://www.melaniec.net/live/tour-archive/303-from-liverpool-to-leceister-square-tour |archive-date=18 April 2010 |access-date=4 September 2009 |publisher=Melanie C Official}}</ref> A shekara ta 2000, Chisholm yana da waƙoƙi biyu a cikin sauti na fim, "Suddenly Monday" a cikin Maybe Baby da "Go!" a cikin Whatever It Takes . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Whatever It Takes [Original Soundtrack] |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/whatever-it-takes-original-soundtrack-mw0000056973 |access-date=4 September 2009 |publisher=Allmusic}}</ref> Waƙarta ta gaba, "Never Be the Same Again", waƙar R & B ce ta zamani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chisholm |first=Melanie |last2=Lawrence |first2=Rhett |last3=Cruz |first3=Paul F. |last4=Lopes |first4=Lisa |last5=Martin |first5=Lorenzo |title=Never Be the Same Again |url=https://www.sheetmusicplus.com/title/never-be-the-same-again-digital-sheet-music/19402161 |publisher=[[Hal Leonard Corporation]] – Digital Sheet Music |via=sheetmusicplus.com}}</ref> Waƙar, wacce ke dauke da memba na TLC Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes, an sake ta a ranar 20 ga Maris 2000 kuma ta zama lambar farko ta Chisholm. Ya sami takardar shaidar zinariya a Burtaniya kuma ya kai lamba 1 a Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland da Sweden. <ref name="bpi" /><ref name="Dutch40">{{Cite web |title=Dutch Top 40 > Melanie C |url=http://www.top40.nl/top40-artiesten/melanie-c |access-date=15 September 2011 |publisher=Stichting Nederlandse Top 40 |language=nl}}</ref> Waƙar ta kasance ta goma sha takwas mafi kyawun sayar da 2000 kuma ta sayar da fiye da miliyan ɗaya a duk faɗin Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2006 |title=Spice Girls Working on New Album |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=116414 |access-date=27 April 2014 |website=ABC News}}</ref> Bayan nasarar "Never Be the Same Again", lakabin ya yanke shawarar fitar da wasu mutane biyu. A ranar 7 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2000, Virgin ta fitar da wani remix version na "I Turn to You" a matsayin na huɗu; waƙar ta zama lambar ta biyu 1 a Burtaniya, Netherlands da Sweden. <ref name="uksingles" /> "I Turn to You" kuma ya kai lamba 1 a Austria, Denmark da Dance Club Songs of United States. "If That Were Me" an sake shi a matsayin na biyar kuma na karshe kuma ya kai lamba 18. Kudin da aka samu daga sayarwa ya tafi kungiyar agaji ta Kandu Arts.<ref name="uksingles" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bychawski |first=Adam |date=28 November 2000 |title=Spice Up Your Wardrobe! |url=https://www.nme.com/news/melanie-c/5424 |access-date=21 March 2016 |website=NME}}</ref> An saki sigar Arewacin Amurka ta Arewacin Star a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 2000 kuma ta haɗa da nau'ikan "Babu Kasancewa iri ɗaya" da "Na juya zuwa gare ku".<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2000 |title=Melanie C – Northern Star |url=https://www.discogs.com/Melanie-C-Northern-Star/release/5162388 |access-date=25 May 2014 |publisher=Amazon}}</ref> A ƙarshen 2000, bayan aikin farko na mambobi, Spice Girls sun fitar da kundi na uku kuma na ƙarshe, Forever, suna wasa da sabon sauti na R & B. "Holler" da "Let Love Lead the Way" an sake su a matsayin mutane a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 2000 kuma waƙoƙin sun kai lamba 1 a Burtaniya. Kundin ya sayar da kwafin miliyan 5. Kungiyar ta sanar da cewa suna fara hutu mara iyaka. A cikin wannan shekarar, mawaƙan kasar Sin FanFan ta rubuta wani nau'in Sinanci na "Suddenly Monday" daga kundi na farko na FanFan's World .<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2000 |title=FanFan's World |url=https://www.amazon.com/Christine-Fan-Weiqi-Taiwan-Import/dp/B00DPYZ6DO |access-date=25 May 2014 |publisher=Amazon}}</ref> Chisholm ta fara rangadin duniya na farko, Northern Star Tour, tsakanin ƙarshen 2000 da 26 ga Agusta 2001, don inganta kundi na farko. Gidan yawon shakatawa ya yi tafiya a cikin kwanaki 76, kasashe 30 da nahiyoyi 4, kawai ba zuwa Oceania da Kudancin Amurka ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=European Tour |url=http://www.melaniec.net/live/tour-archive/302-northern-star-european-tour |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217015103/http://www.melaniec.net/live/tour-archive/302-northern-star-european-tour |archive-date=17 December 2014 |access-date=27 April 2014 |publisher=Melanie C Official}}</ref> An watsa wasan kwaikwayo na Shepherd's Bush Empire a shafin yanar gizon Chisholm na asali tare da bayyanar Bryan Adams na musamman.<ref name="tour2001">{{Cite web |title=Northern Star Tour |url=http://www.melaniec.net/live/tour-archive/301-northern-star-world-tour |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418055600/http://www.melaniec.net/live/tour-archive/301-northern-star-world-tour |archive-date=18 April 2010 |access-date=27 April 2014 |publisher=Melanie C Official}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2001, An kuma watsa sauti na wasan kwaikwayo na Anaheim a shafin yanar gizon House of Blues.<ref name="tour2001" /> A shekara ta 2001, Chisholm ya haɗu a cikin kundin rayuwa na Russell Watson, The Voice - Live, kamar yadda aka nuna murya a cikin waƙoƙin "Barcelona" da "Aren't You Kind of Glad We Did?".<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2001 |title=Russell Watson – The Voice – Live |url=https://www.discogs.com/Russell-Watson-The-Voice-Live/release/5665132 |access-date=28 September 2011 |publisher=Discogs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2003 |title=Russell Watson – The Voice – Live |url=https://www.amazon.com/Bend-It-Like-Beckham-Picture/dp/B00009KTT5 |access-date=28 September 2011 |publisher=Amazon}}</ref> [[File:MelC2.jpg|left|thumb|Chisholm a shekara ta 2003]] Chisholm ta fara yin rikodin kundi na biyu a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2001. Ta yi tafiya zuwa Amurka don yin rikodin wasu waƙoƙi. A wannan lokacin, ta kuma rubuta "Ranar Independence" daga fim din ''Bend It Like Beckham'' kuma ta rubuta "Help Me Help You" ga Holly Valance, wanda aka haɗa a cikin kundin sawun sa.<ref name="2reason2001">{{Cite web |title=Melanie's Russian Interview |url=http://spicelmf86.tripod.com/index/news.htm |access-date=28 September 2011 |publisher=Tripod}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Chisholm, tare da [[Anastacia]] sun bayyana a 2002 MTV Europe Music Awards don gabatar da kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Waƙar", wanda aka ba P!nk. An jinkirta kundi na biyu na Chisholm zuwa 10 Maris 2003. Chisholm kuma ya dauki lokaci saboda gwagwarmaya da baƙin ciki na asibiti. A ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2003 aka saki na farko daga sabon kundin ta, "Here It Comes Again", wanda ya kai lamba 7 a Burtaniya kuma ya kai saman 20 a Spain da Ireland.<ref name="uksingles" /><ref name="ita">{{Cite web |title=Discography Melanie C |url=http://italiancharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Melanie+C&titel=Better+Alone&cat=s |access-date=20 January 2016 |publisher=Italiancharts.com. Hung Medien}}</ref> Ta fitar da kundi na biyu na studio, Reason, a ranar 10 ga Maris 2003 kuma ya kai lamba 5, ya sami takardar shaidar zinariya a Burtaniya. <ref name="ukalbums">{{Cite web |title=Melanie C |url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/melanie%20c/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615134516/http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/melanie%20c/ |archive-date=15 June 2011 |access-date=28 October 2011 |publisher=[[The Official Charts Company]]}}</ref><ref name="bpi" /> Alamar ta aika Chisholm don inganta kundin, gami da nuna aljihu da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Birthday Melanie! |url=http://www.lchr.org/a/7/c9/Jan2003.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424054237/http://www.lchr.org/a/7/c9/Jan2003.html |archive-date=24 April 2016 |access-date=20 January 2016 |publisher=LCHR}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2003, ta fara cikin Reason Tour, tana tafiya ne kawai a Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reason Tour |url=http://www.portalmelaniec.com/melaniec/turnes/2003_reason_uk_ireland_tour/reason_uk_ireland_english.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220051341/http://www.portalmelaniec.com/melaniec/turnes/2003_reason_uk_ireland_tour/reason_uk_ireland_english.php |archive-date=20 February 2012 |access-date=20 January 2016 |publisher=Melanie C Official}}</ref> An saki na biyu, "On the Horizon", a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2003. Bayan na baya, masu sukar kiɗa [waɗanda?] suna hasashen cewa wannan ɗayan zai fanshe nasarar Chisholm, amma waƙar ta kai lamba 14 kuma ba ta taimaka wa tallace-tallace ba.<ref name="uksingles" />  "Bari mu soyayya", an sake shi a matsayin guda kawai a Japan kuma an yi amfani da shi don tallan [[Toyota]]. Tare da inganta kundin, Chisholm ya yi gasa a ''Wasanni'' kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na gaskiya The Games . A ranar 11 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2003, a lokacin da ake yin rikodin ''Wasanni'', Chisholm ta yi gasa a wasan judo tare da 'yar wasan Turkiyya-Dutch Azra Akin, wanda ya haifar da Chisholma ta ji rauni a gwiwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2003 |title=dotmusic - Melanie C - news - No No No! |url=http://www.dotmusic.com/artists/MelanieC/news/September2003/news30849.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031212150318/http://www.dotmusic.com/artists/MelanieC/news/September2003/news30849.asp |archive-date=12 December 2003}}</ref> Saboda wannan, waƙar "Yeh Yeh Yeh", wacce aka shirya za a saki a matsayin ta uku kuma ta ƙarshe a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2003, dole ne a tura ta baya saboda ba za ta iya inganta waƙar farin ciki ba tare da rauni. An zaɓi "Melt" don a ƙaddamar da shi tare da "Yeh Yeh Yeh" a matsayin bangare biyu na A, saboda tana iya yin ƙananan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name="yyymelt" /> An saki guda biyu a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2007 |title=Melt + Yeh Yeh Yeh |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/melt-yeh-yeh-yeh-pt-1-mw0000536619 |publisher=Allmusic}}</ref> Waƙar ta kai lamba 27. <ref name="uksingles" /> A wasu ƙasashen Turai, ba a saki "Melt" ba, kawai "Yeh Yeh Yeh" a matsayin saki na solo.<ref name="musicline.de PhonoNet">{{Cite web |title=Chartverfolgung / Melanie C / Single |url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Melanie+C/single?sort=entry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604044834/http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Melanie+C/single?sort=entry |archive-date=4 June 2017 |access-date=13 August 2010 |publisher=musicline.de PhonoNet |language=de}}</ref> Bayan fitowar "Melt / Yeh Yeh Yeh", Chisholm ya kara wasu karin kwanakin zuwa Reason Tour, kuma an watsa wasan kwaikwayo na Avo Session Basel a kan 3sat. === 2004-2006: Red Girl Records da Kyakkyawan Manufofin''Kyakkyawan niyya'' === [[File:MelC_bei_der_Arena_Of_Pop_2006_002.JPG|right|thumb|Chisholm yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a Jamus a shekara ta 2006]] A ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2004, Virgin Records ta sallami Chisholm bayan rikici a cikin shekarun da suka gabata game da jagorancin aikinta na solo. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2004, ta kafa nata lakabi, Red Girl Records, don yin rikodin da kuma fitar da nata ayyukan. Dukkanin ayyukan Chisholm an yanke shawarar su kuma ta ba da kuɗin kanta. Sunan lakabin ya samo asali ne daga launuka na kulob din kwallon kafa na Liverpool, wanda Chisholm ya goyi bayan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mersey Reporter & Southport Reporter - News page |url=http://www.southportreporter.com/180/southportreporter180-2.shtml}}</ref> Nancy Phillips, wacce ta kasance manajan Chisholm da abokin kasuwanci tun lokacin da aka fara lakabin, ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Red Girl Records Limited |url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/05037672/officers |access-date=4 August 2020 |website=Companies House}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Snapes |first=Laura |date=27 November 2019 |title=Melanie C: 'I've had an incredible career. It's time I accepted myself' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/nov/27/melanie-c-had-incredible-career-time-i-accepted-myself |access-date=8 August 2020 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> A watan Yunin shekara ta 2004, ta fara rangadin kide-kide na kwanaki biyar, The Barfly Mini-Tour, wanda aka yi a cikin dakunan kiɗa na Barfly, jerin wuraren da aka keɓe don kiɗa mai zaman kansa. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2004, Chisholm ta gama yin rikodin kundi na uku. A cikin wata hira, Chisholm ta ce tana so ta kirkiro waƙoƙi masu zurfi ta amfani da piano, violin da jigogi na sirri. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2005, Chisholm ta fitar da "Next Best Superstar" a matsayin jagora na kundi na uku. An sake shi a cikin tsari uku: guda biyu tare da bangarorin B - sigar acoustic ko bangaren B "Duk abin da Dole ne a Canja" - da kuma remixes EP. Waƙar ta kai lamba 10 a Burtaniya.<ref name="uksingles" /> A ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ta saki Beautiful Intentions, kundi na uku kuma na farko da Red Girl. Greg Haver, Guy Chambers, Paul Boddy ne suka samar da shi. Chisholm ne ya rubuta goma sha ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin goma sha biyu.<ref name="BI2005" /> Kundin ya kai lamba 24 a Burtaniya, saman 15 a wasu ƙasashen Turai, kuma an tabbatar da zinariya a Jamus da Switzerland.<ref name="uk1">{{Cite web |title=UK Charts > Melanie C |url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/melanie%20c/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228232138/http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/melanie%20c |archive-date=28 December 2010 |access-date=26 July 2010 |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref><ref name="ifpiswi">{{Cite web |title=IFPI Switzerland > Edelmetall |url=http://www.swisscharts.com/search_certifications.asp?search=Melanie+C |access-date=7 November 2011 |publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]] Hung Medien |language=de}}</ref> Don tallafawa kundin, ta fara tafiya a kan Beautiful Intentions Tour, wanda ya fara a ranar 16 ga Afrilu a cikin O2 Academy Birmingham, A London, kuma ta yi tafiya don kwanaki ashirin da biyar a duk faɗin Turai da Asiya. A ranar 1 ga watan Agusta, an saki "Mafi Kyau a Burtaniya ne kawai a matsayin na biyu, amma bai shiga sigogi ba saboda ɗayan yana samuwa a kan layi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2005 |title=Better Alone |url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/better-alone-ep/961118566 |access-date=7 November 2011 |publisher=iTunes}}</ref> An saki "First Day of My Life" a matsayin guda a ranar 30 ga Satumba a Ostiraliya da Turai - amma ba a Burtaniya ba. Ba a haɗa waƙar a cikin asalin kundin ba, kawai a cikin sigar da aka sake fitarwa ta 2006, ta zama ta biyu ta duniya daga Beautiful Intentions . Da farko an rubuta shi ne ta hanyar dan wasan Italiyanci [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Andrea_Bocelli" id="mwAns" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Andrea Bocelli">Andrea Bocelli, tare da kalmomin (a cikin Italiyanci) a matsayin "Un Nuovo Giorno" don kundin sa na 2004 mai suna Andrea . Waƙar ta kai lamba 1 a Spain, Jamus, Switzerland da Portugal, lamba 2 a Austria, kuma tana cikin manyan 30 a Norway, Faransa da Denmark.<ref name="ifpiger">{{Cite certification}}</ref><ref name="ifpiswi" /><ref name="ifpiaut">{{Cite web |title=IFPI Austria> Gold & Platin |url=http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608024513/http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=7 November 2011 |publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]]}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2006, an saki "Mafi Kyau a Ostiraliya da Turai a matsayin na uku na hukuma, bayan an iyakance shi a Burtaniya a shekarar da ta gabata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2006 |title=Better Alone – EP |url=https://music.apple.com/de/album/better-alone-ep/122007904 |access-date=7 November 2011 |publisher=iTunes}}</ref> Waƙar ta shiga sigogi a wasu ƙasashe, ta kai talatin da shida a Italiya da talatin da uku a Switzerland. <ref name="swi">{{Cite web |title=Swiss Charts > Melanie C |url=http://swisscharts.com/artist/Melanie_C |access-date=7 September 2011 |publisher=swisscharts.com Hung Medien |language=de}}</ref><ref name="ita" /> A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, an sake sakin kundin, ciki har da "Ranar Farko ta Rayuwata" da bidiyon kiɗa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2006 |title=Beautiful Intentions 2006 |url=https://www.discogs.com/Melanie-C-Beautiful-Intentions/release/3038376 |access-date=7 November 2011 |publisher=iTunes}}</ref> A shekara ta 2006, Chisholm ta fitar da DVD dinta na farko, Live Hits, wanda aka rubuta a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta 2006 a Bridge a kudu maso gabashin London. DVD ɗin ya kai lamba 10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=05 November 2006 – 11 November 2006 |url=http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/music-video-chart/20061105/13/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603212305/http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/music-video-chart/20061105/13/ |archive-date=3 June 2016 |access-date=26 July 2010 |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> === 2007-2008: ''Wannan Lokaci'' da kuma Spice Girls reunion === [[File:Melanie_C_Spice_Girls_2007.jpg|left|thumb|Chisholm yana yin wasan a 2007]] A farkon shekara ta 2007, Chisholm ta gama yin rikodin kundi na gaba kuma, a watan Maris, ta saki guda biyu a lokaci guda. "The Moment You Believe" an sake shi a Turai, sai dai a Burtaniya, kuma ya kai lamba 1 a Spain da Portugal, kuma a saman 20 a Switzerland, Sweden da Jamus.<ref name="swi" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Melanie C – The Moment You Believe (Song) |url=http://www.spanishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Melanie+C&titel=The+Moment+You+Believe&cat=s |access-date=26 July 2010 |publisher=Spanish Charts}}</ref> Peter Vettese ne ya samar da shi kuma ya rubuta shi, an yi amfani da shi don kamfen ɗin talla na bazara don shirin talabijin na Jamus Nur die Liebe Rutehlt . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2007 |title=The Moment You Believe |url=https://music.apple.com/de/album/the-moment-you-believe-ep/218404749 |access-date=7 November 2011 |publisher=iTunes}}</ref> "I Want Candy" an sake shi ne kawai a Burtaniya da Italiya, ya kai lamba 24 da lamba 9, bi da bi, kuma an nuna shi a kan sauti ga fim din na wannan sunan.<ref name="uksingles" /><ref name="ita" /> Waƙar ta kasance murfin waƙar Strangeloves.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forum – ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts – CHART POSITIONS PRE 1989 |url=http://australian-charts.com/forum.asp?todo=viewthread&id=21533&pages= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020025459/http://australian-charts.com/forum.asp?todo=viewthread&id=21533&pages= |archive-date=20 October 2013 |access-date=18 June 2014 |publisher=Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga watan Maris, ta fitar da kundi na huɗu, This Time, tare da waƙoƙi goma sha uku - shida da Chisholm ya rubuta - da sauran nau'ikan murfin guda biyu: "Me Idan na zauna" da "Kada ku bari ni", na Jill Jackson, daga kundi na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2007 |title=Jill Jackson |url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/jill-jackson/258284151 |access-date=7 November 2011 |publisher=iTunes}}</ref> Kundin ya kai lamba 57 a Burtaniya da lamba 8 a Switzerland, wanda aka tabbatar da zinariya.<ref name="ifpiswi" /> An saki "Carolyna" a matsayin na uku a ranar 8 ga Yuni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2007 |title=Carolyna – Melanie C |url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/carolyna-single/714908934 |access-date=7 November 2011 |publisher=iTunes}}</ref> A lokacin wata hira a Loose Women, Chisholm ta bayyana cewa ta rubuta wannan waƙa bayan kallon wani shirin fim game da matasa da matasa marasa gida, da ke zaune a kan tituna a [[Seattle]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2007 |title=Melanie C interview on Loose Women |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJI87g4wFCM |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221141734/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJI87g4wFCM&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=21 December 2020 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Loose Woman}}</ref> Waƙar ta kai matsayi na 49 a Burtaniya, kuma a cikin manyan 50 a wasu ƙasashe. <ref name="swi" /><ref name="uksingles" /> [[File:SpiceGirlsToronto.jpg|right|thumb|Spice Girls suna yin wasan kwaikwayo a 2007]] A ranar 28 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2007, Spice Girls sun gudanar da taron manema labarai na mamaki a The O2 Arena suna sanar da cewa suna sake haduwa don fara rangadin kide-kide na duniya, The Return of the Spice Girls, wanda ya fara a Vancouver a ranar 2 ga watan Disamba. Sun sami fam miliyan 10 (kimanin dala miliyan 20) kowannensu don yawon shakatawa. Mai shirya fina-finai Bob Smeaton ya ba da umarnin wani shirin hukuma game da haɗuwa. An kira shi Giving You Everything . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2007 |title=Spice impersonators hit OZ |url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/spice-impersonators-hit-oz/story-e6frfmqr-1111115116870 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709001742/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/spice-impersonators-hit-oz/story-e6frfmqr-1111115116870 |archive-date=9 July 2013 |access-date=7 November 2011 |publisher=News Australia}}</ref> A lokaci guda, Chisholm ta fitar da na huɗu na kundin ta, "Wannan Lokaci", yana nuna bangaren B "Muna son Ka", wanda aka yi amfani da shi don kamfen ɗin Pro7 Starforce na 2007 a Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2007 |title=This Time – Melanie C |url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/this-time-single/709260242 |access-date=7 November 2011 |publisher=iTunes}}</ref> Waƙar ta kai lamba 94 a Burtaniya da 69 a Jamus. <ref name="uksingles" /><ref name="musicline.de PhonoNet" /> A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, Spice Girls ta fitar da wakarsu ta dawo, "Headlines (Friendship Never Ends) ", kuma an sanar da ita a matsayin hukuma ta yara da ke cikin Bukatar sadaka kuma ta yi a Victoria's Secret Fashion Show . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2007 |title=Headlines (Friendship Never Ends) – Spice Girls |url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/headlines-friendship-never/715764427 |access-date=24 April 2015 |publisher=[[iTunes Store]]. [[Apple Inc.]]}}</ref> Waƙar ta kai lamba 11, ta zama waƙar farko da ba ta kai saman 10 ba.<ref name="uksingles" /> Anthony Mandler ne ya ba da umarnin bidiyon kiɗa kuma 'yan matan sun yi amfani da tufafi na musamman da Roberto Cavalli ya tsara. Sun fito da kundi na tarawa, Greatest Hits a watan Nuwamba, gami da 'yan wasa, taken [[Pepsi]] na 1997 "Move Over" da sabbin waƙoƙi guda biyu, "Voodoo" da "Headlines (Friendship Never Ends) ".<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2007 |title=Spice Girls – Greatest Hits |url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/greatest-hits/728316100 |access-date=7 November 2011 |publisher=iTunes}}</ref> An sayar da kwafin miliyan 6.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spice Girls |url=http://www.retroland.com/spice-girls/ |access-date=7 November 2011 |website=Retroland}}</ref> Sun fara rangadin ne a ranar 2 ga watan Disamba, suna tafiya don kwanaki 47 har zuwa 26 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria Beckham Confident in Spice Girls' Reunion |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Victoria-Beckham-Confident-In-Spice-Girls-Reunion-5937.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051115182938/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Victoria-Beckham-Confident-In-Spice-Girls-Reunion-5937.shtml |archive-date=15 November 2005 |access-date=5 August 2005 |publisher=[[Softpedia]]}}</ref> An kiyasta yawon shakatawa ya tara sama da dala miliyan 70 kuma ya samar da dala miliyan 107.2 a cikin tallace-tallace da sayarwa. Wannan yawon shakatawa ya lashe lambar yabo ta Billboard Touring Award ta 2008. Kazalika da yawon shakatawa na sayar da su, an yi kwangila da Spice Girls don bayyana a cikin tallace-tallace na Tesco, wanda aka biya su £ 1 miliyan kowannensu. Bayan karshen haduwar tare da Spice Girls, Chisholm ta fara rangadin ta na biyar, Wannan Lokaci na Kanada, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, tana yin a biranen Kanada tara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2007 |title=This Time Canadian Tour (May '08) |url=http://www.melaniec.net/live/tour-archive/293-this-time-canadian-tour |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408154611/http://melaniec.net/live/tour-archive/293-this-time-canadian-tour |archive-date=8 April 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Melanie C Official}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Yulin, an saki "Understand" a matsayin na biyar kuma na karshe daga ''Wannan Lokaci'' kawai a Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2007 |title=Understand (Single) |url=http://www.melaniec.net/music/discography/category/understand-single |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508054143/http://www.melaniec.net/music/discography/category/understand-single |archive-date=8 May 2013 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Melanie C Official}}</ref> === 2009-2014: Yin wasan kwaikwayo, ''Tekun'' da ''Matakai'' === [[File:Mel_C_arriving_at_the_Royal_Albert_Hall.jpg|left|thumb|Chisholm a Royal Albert Hall a cikin 2011]] A shekara ta 2009, an shirya cewa za ta fito a cikin wani fim mai ban tsoro na 1996 The Craft, amma an soke samarwar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2007 |title=The Spice Girls: Where Are They Now? |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/leonoraepstein/the-spice-girls-where-are-they-now#.mpAYEK4eNo |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Buzzfeed}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Yuni, Chisholm ta fitar da kide-kide na DVD na biyu, Live at the Hard Rock Cafe, ciki har da waƙoƙi biyu da ba a fitar da su ba, "Blue Skies All the Way" da "Paris Burning".<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2007 |title=Live At The Hard Rock Cafe |url=https://www.discogs.com/Melanie-C-Live-At-The-Hard-Rock-Cafe/release/2768204 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Discogs}}</ref> DVD ɗin ya kai lamba 22 a Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=28 June 2009 – 04 July 2009 |url=http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/music-video-chart/20090628/13/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603212946/http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/music-video-chart/20090628/13/ |archive-date=3 June 2016 |access-date=26 July 2010 |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2009, ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan mataki a matsayin Mrs Johnstone a cikin Blood Brothers, sabon sigar asali na 1983. Ta fito a cikin Blood Brothers har zuwa ƙarshen shekara ta 2010. An yaba da wasan kwaikwayon Chisholm sosai kuma an zabi ta don lambar yabo ta Laurence Olivier ta 2010 don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a cikin Musical.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Olivier Winners 2010 |url=http://www.olivierawards.com/winners/view/item110508/olivier-winners-2010/ |access-date=26 July 2010 |publisher=Oliver Awards}}</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar ta fara aiki a kan kundi na gaba. A ranar 24 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2011, an saki "Rock Me" a matsayin guda kawai a Jamus kuma ya kai lamba 33 a kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Melanie C – Rock Me |url=https://music.apple.com/de/album/rock-me-single/443847261 |access-date=26 July 2010 |publisher=iTunes}}</ref> An yi amfani da waƙar a matsayin taken hukuma na Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Melanie C reveals thirty seconds of a new song |url=http://www.popjustice.com/thenews/mel-c-reveals-thirty-seconds-of-a-new-song/ |access-date=26 July 2010 |publisher=Pop Justice}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An zaɓi "Tunanin Game da Shi" a matsayin mai zaman kansa a duniya kuma ya nuna dawowar Chisholm zuwa rawa-pop.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Melanie C – Think About It |url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/think-about-it-ep/id450768159 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907080841/http://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/think-about-it-ep/id450768159 |archive-date=7 September 2012 |access-date=26 July 2010 |publisher=iTunes}}</ref> Waƙar ta kai lamba 95 a Burtaniya, 15 a cikin UK Indie Chart da kuma saman 40 a wasu ƙasashen Turai.<ref name="uksingles" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2011 |title=Archive Chart – Think About It |url=http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/independent-singles-chart/20110911/130/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603205330/http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/independent-singles-chart/20110911/130/ |archive-date=3 June 2016 |access-date=19 September 2011 |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> The Sea, ta biyar studio album, an sake shi a ranar 2 ga Satumba, kuma Andy Chatterley, Cutfather da Peter-John Vettese ne suka samar da shi.<ref name="Melanie C – The Sea">{{Cite web |title=Melanie C – The Sea |url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/the-sea/id456921490 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315235314/http://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/the-sea/id456921490 |archive-date=15 March 2012 |access-date=26 July 2010 |publisher=iTunes}}</ref> Kundin ya kai lamba 45 a Burtaniya da kuma 13 a Switzerland da goma sha shida a Jamus.<ref name="Melanie C – The Sea" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==Manazarta == tgx158726nn9besz1bs8go83d8pzstj 0 174224 967834 963380 2026-10-15T11:59:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Marina Vishmidt''' an haife shi a ranar (6 ga Mayu, 1976 - 26 ga Afrilu, 2024) marubuciya ce ta Amurka, edita kuma mai sukar. Ta ba da lacca a Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu a Goldsmiths, Jami'ar London a cikin shirin MA Al'adu Masana'antu, kuma ta koyar da Ka'idar Fasaha a MA Art Praxis a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dutch a Arnhem . Binciken da ta yi ya fi mayar da hankali ne ga dangantakar da ke tsakanin fasaha, darajar da aiki. Ta ci gaba da bincika wannan ta hanyar ayyukan kan bashi, haihuwar zamantakewa da kuma kasuwanci na fasaha. == Rayuwa == Vishmidt ta zo [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] tare da mahaifiyarta da kakanninta lokacin da take da shekaru uku a lokacin 1970s Soviet Union aliyah . Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Kimiyya ta Bronx kuma ta tafi Kwalejin Sarah Lawrence . <ref>{{Cite web |last=variant |title=variant |url=https://variant.org.uk/ |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=variant.org.uk |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 2013, ta kammala digirinta na PhD mai taken Speculation a matsayin Yanayin samarwa a cikin Fasaha da Babban Birni a Sarauniya Maryamu, Jami'ar London. A cikin Summer Semester, 2022, Vishmidt ya kasance [http://www.kunstgeschichte.hu-berlin.de/personen/ehemalige-mitarbeiterinnen/seiten-ehemaliger-mitarbeiterinnen/marina-vishmidt/ Farfesa mai ziyara na Arnheim] a Institut für Kunst- und Bildgeschichte a Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin . A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023 ta fara sabon matsayi a matsayin Farfesa na Ka'idar Fasaha a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Vienna . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marina Vishmidt, head of the dept. Art Theory |url=https://kunsttheorie.uni-ak.ac.at/wordpress/mitarbeiterinnen/ |access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> Vishmidt ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2024 bayan dogon rashin lafiya na ciwon daji. == Rubuce-rubuce == Vishmidt ya rubuta kuma ya shirya wallafe-wallafe da yawa ciki har da Reproducing Autonomy: Work, Money, Crisis and Contemporary Art (2016) tare da Kerstin Stakemeier [1] da Media Mutandis (2006) da aka shirya tare da Mary Anne Francis, Jo Walsh da Lewis Sykes. [2] An yaba da littafinta na 2018 Speculation as a Mode of Production don kawo "cikakken nauyin ka'idar mahimmanci - tare da halayensa na halayyar ilimi - ... don ɗaukar fasaha da siyasa a zamanin samar da kuɗi. Vishmidt ya ba da gudummawa ga wallafe-wallafe daban-daban, kamar su Undoing Property? (Sternberg Press, 2013), Mobile Cinema (Archive Books, 2017), On Performance (Kunsthaus Bregenz, 2012), kundin baje kolin don baje kolin [[Grace Schwindt]] Run a Home, Build a Town, Lead a Revolution. ''Gudanar da Gida, Gina Garin, Jagora Juyin Juya Halin. ''Nuni a cikin Ayyuka Uku (1362), a MARCO - Gidan Tarihi na zamani, Vigo, da Babban Juyin Juya Halin Cikin Gida GOES ON (2010) da Ayyukan Koyarwa: Ƙungiyoyin Fasaha a matsayin Sites for Unlearning (2018) <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Annette|url-access=Allan}}</ref> dukansu Casco, Utrecht ne suka buga su. Ta wallafa surori da yawa a cikin Routledge Companion to Art and Politics wanda ke tattauna dangantakar da ke tsakanin fasaha da siyasa kuma an buga shi a cikin 2015. Ta kuma kasance mai ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga mujallu daban-daban, gami da Afterall, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Artists at Work: Maryam Jafri |url=https://www.afterall.org/online/artists-at-work_maryam-jafri#.WpmoVRPOVZ0 |access-date=2018-03-02 |website=www.afterall.org}}</ref> E-flux, <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2013 |title="Mimesis of the Hardened and Alienated": Social Practice as Business Model |url=http://www.e-flux.com/journal/43/60197/mimesis-of-the-hardened-and-alienated-social-practice-as-business-model/ |access-date=2018-03-02 |website=www.e-flux.com |language=en}},</ref> Mute Magazine, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vishmidt |first=Marina |date=7 March 2013 |title=Permanent Reproductive Crisis: An Interview with Silvia Federici |url=https://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/permanent-reproductive-crisis-interview-silvia-federici |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504121012/https://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/permanent-reproductive-crisis-interview-silvia-federici |archive-date=4 May 2024 |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=Metamute}},</ref> da Texte zur Kunst <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sweetest Taboo |url=https://www.textezurkunst.de/articles/sweetest-taboo/?highlight=marina%20vishmidt |access-date=2018-03-02 |website=www.textezurkunst.de |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin da take matashiya da farkon shekarunta na ashirin, Vishmidt ta kasance mai aiki a cikin al'adun zine na Amurka, ta amfani da sunan "Miss Mary Mack".<ref>{{Cite web |date=1996 |title=Beri-Beri: No. 2. No.? / Marina Vishmidt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6KmnQAACAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Mary Mack - ZineWiki - the history and culture of zines, independent media and the small press |url=https://zinewiki.com/wiki/Miss_Mary_Mack |access-date=2026-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250624004213/https://zinewiki.com/wiki/Miss_Mary_Mack |archive-date=2025-06-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Vishmidt akai-akai ya yi aiki tare da masu fasaha da masu gwagwarmaya daban-daban. A shekara ta 2010, ta ba da gudummawa ga matani ga kashi na 4 na aikin Lying Freely na mai zane Ruth Buchanan wanda ya ɗauki nau'in littafi. Ta kuma kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar bincike na dogon lokaci na masu zane-zane, marubuta, gine-gine da mawaƙa waɗanda suka yi aiki tare a kan gabatarwar tarihi da zamani, takardu da karɓar Victory over the Sun wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha na gaba wanda aka fara a 1913 a Saint Petersburg . An tattara kokarin bincike a cikin littafin Anfang Gut, Alles Gut - Actualizations of the Futurist Opera Victory Over the Sun 1913 . Vishmidt ta kasance daga cikin ƙungiyar aiki ta Cinenova mai rarraba fim da bidiyo a [[Landan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2011 |title=Out of the Past: An Interview with Cinenova |url=http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/out-past-interview-cinenova |access-date=2018-03-08 |website=www.metamute.org |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309054204/http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/out-past-interview-cinenova |archive-date=2018-03-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Full Unemployment Cinema, ƙungiyar da ke nuna fina-finai a wurare masu zaman kansu, masu zaman kansu a kusa da London. Fim din ya fi mayar da hankali kan jigogi na aiki, rashin aiki, ƙin yarda da gwagwarmaya. == Haɗin waje == * [https://on-vishmidt.memoryoftheworld.org/ Marina Vishmidt Tattara Ayyuka] * Cues na Marina ta Kerstin Stakemeier don e-flux * [https://www.historicalmaterialism.org/spaces-of-speculation-movement-politics-in-the-infrastructure/ Tattaunawar Tarihi ta Tarihi ta 2020 tana tattauna aikinta] * [[iarchive:TS_feedback_as_cultural_logic_150111|Ra'ayoyi a matsayin Halin Al'adu]] (kwamitin tattaunawa na 2011 wanda Marina Vishmidt da Matthew Fuller suka jagoranta) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] 5w27imjfy8tzjw5amvauxz0ctq6c381 0 174656 968067 946925 2026-10-16T05:02:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Olara A. Otunnu''' (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga watan Satumbar 1950) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olara Otunnu &#124; Profile &#124; Africa Confidential |url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/3478/page/2}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Olara Otunnu? - New Vision Official |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1116751/olara-otunnu}} </ref> 'yar siyasa ce ta Uganda, diflomasiyya, kuma lauya. Ya kasance Shugaban jam'iyyar siyasa ta Uganda People's Congress (UPC) daga 2010 zuwa 2015 kuma ya tsaya a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar a Zaben shugaban kasa na 2011. Otunnu ya kasance wakilin dindindin na Uganda a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga 1980 zuwa 1985 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje daga 1985 zuwa 1986. Daga baya, ya kasance Shugaban Kwalejin Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya daga 1990 zuwa 1998, kuma Mataimakin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Wakilin Musamman na Yara da Rikicin Makamai daga 1997 zuwa 2005. == Tarihi == An haifi Otunnu a Mucwini, tsakanin Mutanen Acholi na arewacin Uganda . Mahaifinsa ya kasance babban jagora a cikin ƙungiyar farfadowa ta Gabashin Afirka. == Ilimi == Ya sami ilimin farko a makarantun firamare na Mvara, Mucwini, da Anaka. Ya sami karatun sakandare a makarantar sakandare ta Gulu da [[King's College, Budo|Kwalejin King's Budo]] . Daga nan ya halarci [[Jami'ar Makerere]], inda ya kasance shugaban kungiyar dalibai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Otunnu rubs Amin regime the wrong way, flees into exile amid |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Otunnu-rubs-Amin-regime-the-wrong/689364-1891116-kdk0k5/index.html |access-date=2019-08-07 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> A duk lokacin da yake dalibi, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen jagorantar yunkurin adawa da mulkin [[Idi Amin]], tare da kafawa da kuma aiki a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Uganda Freedom Union, kungiyar da ta kawo 'yan Uganda masu kishin kasa tare a cikin gwagwarmayar da Amin. Da yake fuskantar barazanar da ke ƙaruwa daga gwamnati, an tilasta wa Otunnu zuwa gudun hijira a 1973, ya guje wa kamawa kuma ya tsere daga ƙasar zuwa [[Nairobi]], Kenya.<ref name=":0" /> A can, ya sami tallafin karatu na kasashen waje don halartar [[Jami'ar Oxford]].<ref name=":0" /> A shekara ta 1976, ya halarci Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard a karkashin Fulbright Scholarship . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olara Otunnu receives Harvard Law School Association Award |url=http://www.law.harvard.edu/news/2007/06/14_otunnu.html |access-date=8 November 2011 |website=News & Events. June 14, 2007 |publisher=Harvard Law School}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Daga 1980 zuwa 1985, Otunnu ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Uganda a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . A shekara ta 1980, Shugaba Milton Obote ya nada shi wakilin dindindin na Uganda a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . [1] A wannan lokacin, ya yi aiki a manyan ayyuka da yawa. A shekara ta 1981, an nada shi shugaban Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, inda ya jagoranci zaben Sakatare Janar Javier Pérez de Cuéllar kuma ya kirkiro tsarin jefa kuri'a da aka fi sani da Otunnu Formula har yanzu ana amfani da shi a yau.[2] Daga 1982 zuwa 1983, ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da kuma Shugaban Kungiyar Tattaunawa kan Tattaunawa ta Duniya. A shekara mai zuwa ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Dan Adam . Daga 1985 zuwa 1986, Otunnu ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje na Uganda, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara Yarjejeniyar Nairobi ta Disamba 1985. An nada Otunnu a matsayin Shugaban Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya a shekarar 1990, kuma ya yi aiki a wannan rawar har zuwa 1998, yana canza fasalin kungiyar, yana jan hankalin manyan sabbin kudade, da fadada ayyukanta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1970-01-01 |title=Mission & History |url=https://www.ipinst.org/about/mission-history |access-date=2019-08-07 |website=International Peace Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya [[Kofi Annan]] ne ya nada Otunnu a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar da Wakilin Musamman na Yara a Rikicin Makamai a ranar 19 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1997, ya hau mulki a ranar 1 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1997. A watan Satumbar 1998, Otunnu ya yi magana a taron cika shekaru 10 na kungiyar Uganda ta Arewacin Amurka (UNAA) a Houston, Texas, inda ya ce iyayen Uganda sun kasance wani ɓangare na rikici saboda suna haifar da ƙiyayya mai zurfi a cikin yaransu ga mutanen da ba sa magana da yarensu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1998-09-09 |title=Africa: War Talk Dominates U.S. Meet |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/199809090119.html |access-date=2026-02-18 |publisher=New Vision (Kampala)}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Otunnu ya gudu a shekara ta 2010 don ya gaji [[Miria Obote]], matar tsohon shugaban kasar [[Milton Obote]], a matsayin shugaban UPC. A ranar 14 ga Mayu, ta kayar da ɗanta, Jimmy Akena, a taron wakilai na UPC. UPC ta zabi shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010 a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa.<ref name="Control" /> A ranar zabe a shekara ta 2011, duk da haka, ya ki yin zabe, har ma da kansa.<ref name="Control" /> Ya samu kashi 1.58 cikin 100 na kuri'un. Kafin zaben Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2026 don maye gurbin [[António Guterres|Antonio Guterres]], Otunu ya bayyana niyyarsa ta tsaya takarar ofishin kuma Shugaba Yoweri Museveni ya amince da shi don yin takarar zaben a matsayin dan takarar Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namyalo |first=Gladys |date=2026-08-25 |title=OTUNNU'S UN BID: What Uganda stands to lose, win - NTV Uganda |url=https://ntv.co.ug/news/otunnus-un-bid-what-uganda-stands-to-lose-win |access-date=2026-08-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-22 |title=Otunnu registers gain in race for top UN job after addressing member states |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/otunnu-registers-gain-in-race-for-top-un-job-after-addressing-member-states-5567162 |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2026-08-22 |title=Olara Otunnu gains ground in second UN Secretary-General straw poll |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/olara-otunnu-gains-ground-in-second-un-secretary-general-straw-poll/ |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliament Watch Uganda |url=https://www.parliamentwatch.ug/news/museveni-makes-personal-pitch-for-otunnus-historic-un-leadership-bid |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=www.parliamentwatch.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=Uganda Media |title=Uganda Media Centre One Government, One Voice |url=https://mediacentre.go.ug/ |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Uganda Media Centre |language=en}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] dy78gaw21xyo3uoydxgx8x9jra5lu1r 0 174777 968043 947403 2026-10-16T01:11:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Nemacladus twisselmannii Flowers flinton lg.jpg|status=G1|status_system=TNC|taxon=Nemacladus twisselmannii|authority=[[J.T.Howell]]}} '''''Nemacladus twisselmannii''''' wani nau'in shuka ne mai fure da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba a cikin dangin kararrawa wanda aka fi sani da sunaye da aka fi sani da '''Twisselmann's threadplant''' da '''Twisselmann's nemacladus''' . Yana da yawa a [[California]], inda aka san shi daga wurare biyu kacal a Sierra Nevada . Akwai faruwa sau ɗaya kowanne a Gundumomin Kern da Tulare . Wannan ƙaramin ganye ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke samar da matashin kai na ganye a matakin ƙasa, mai tushe bai wuce santimita ɗaya ba. Ganyen mai gashi mai siffar cokali suna da tsawon milimita 2 zuwa 3. Furen furanni ne masu kama da kai a kan pedicels masu kama da gashi. Furen yana da gashin sepals tsawon milimita ɗaya da kuma farin corolla mai tsawon milimita uku. 'Ya'yan itacen ƙaramin ƙusa ne mai ƙarshen zagaye da kuma ƙarshen mai kaifi. Shukar tana girma a cikin dajin coniferous tare da duwatsun granite da yashi a tsayin sama da ƙafa 7000. Akwai nau'ikan halittu guda biyu da aka sani, kowannensu yana ɗauke da kusan tsirrai 400. Suna cikin daji mai nisa a cikin Dajin Ƙasa na Sequoia . An sanya wa shukar suna ne saboda makiyayin shanu na Central Valley kuma masanin tsirrai Ernest Christian Twisselmann. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.rareplants.cnps.org/detail/1172.html Bayanin Shuke-shuken da Ba a Taɓa Samu a Ƙungiyar Shuke-shuken 'Yan Asalin California ba] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q6990887}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l05lh8lzq230wbg3dhdf3vbk5ik8k1i 0 174783 968042 963654 2026-10-16T01:09:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Nemacladus calcaratus in flower.jpg|image_caption=''Nemacladus calcaratus'' in flower|status=G1|status_system=TNC|status_ref=|genus=Nemacladus|species=calcaratus|authority=[[Nancy Ruth Morin|Morin]]}} '''''Nemacladus calcatus''''' wani nau'in shuka ne mai fure wanda ba kasafai ake samunsa a cikin dangin kararrawa ba wanda aka sani da sunan da aka fi sani da '''Chimney Creek nemacladus''' . Yana da yaɗuwa a gundumar Tulare, California, inda aka san shi ne kawai daga Chimney Creek a kudancin Sierra Nevada a gabashin tafkin Isabella . Yana faruwa a cikin dazuzzuka a kan dutse mai yashi. An fara tattara shi a shekarar 1986 kuma aka bayyana shi ga kimiyya a matsayin sabon nau'in halitta a shekarar 2008. <ref name="morin">{{Cite journal |last=Morin |first=Nancy R. |date=2008 |title=Nomenclatural Changes in Nemacladus (campanulaceae) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41971649 |journal=Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=397–400 |issn=1934-5259}}</ref> Wannan ƙaramin ganye ne na shekara-shekara mai kusurwa, mai ɗan gashi, wani lokacin kuma mai launin ja mai tsawon santimita kaɗan. Ganyen mai siffar lanƙwasa suna da tsawon milimita kaɗan, launin kore zuwa ja, kuma suna da gashi mai yawa. Inflorescences suna ɗaukar furanni a kan gajerun pedicels masu kama da zare, tsawonsu ya kai santimita ɗaya. Ƙaramin furen yana da lobes masu kaifi biyar kowanne tsawon milimita 1 ko 2, biyu mafi ƙanƙanta an haɗa su don samar da spur. Furen fari ne mai ratsin ja mai duhu a makogwaro. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=89052 Maganin Jepson da Manual] * [http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Nemacladus+calcaratus Tsarin Kula da Yanayi] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305052527/http://www.rareplants.cnps.org/detail/3393.html Bayanin Shuke-shuken 'Yan Asalin California] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6990880}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8euppoyjl2g5ivwpp8z76cohqkdpqm4 0 174919 968224 947688 2026-10-16T11:30:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=|status=DD|status_system=IUCN2.3|status_ref=<ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author1=Mollusc Specialist Group |year=1996 |title=''Pseudotryonia adamantina'' |volume=1996 |article-number=e.T22420A9372331 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T22420A9372331.en |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref>|status2=G1|status2_system=TNC|status2_ref=<ref name=NS>{{cite NatureServe |id=2.107375 |title=''Pseudotryonia adamantina'' |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref>|genus=Pseudotryonia|species=adamantina|authority=([[Dwight Willard Taylor|Taylor]], 1987)|synonyms={{Species list |Tryonia (Paupertryonia) adamantia|Taylor, 1987 |Tryonia (Paupertryonia) adamantina|Taylor, 1987}}|synonyms_ref=<ref name=WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |title=''Pseudotryonia adamantina'' (D. W. Taylor, 1987) |id=1326025 |db=mollusc |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref>}} '''''Pseudotryonia adamantina''''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Diamond tryonia''' ko '''Diamond Y springsnail''', nau'in ƙaramin katantanwa ne mai ruwa mai tsafta da kuma operculum, wani nau'in mollusk na ruwa a cikin dangin Cochliopidae . Wannan nau'in ya shahara a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . Sunan da aka saba amfani da shi yana nuni ne ga Diamond Y Spring wanda ke kan [[Diamond Y Spring Preserve]] a Yammacin Texas, tsarin cienaga . [https://web.archive.org/web/20180629131024/https://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/texas/placesweprotect/diamond-y-spring-preserve.xml] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180629131024/https://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/texas/placesweprotect/diamond-y-spring-preserve.xml Game da Diamond Y Spring Preserve] {{Taxonbar|from1=Q28321916|from2=Q3171729}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 059ya64yvixjlxu62yxco4yqgptrh1u 0 174941 967917 959515 2026-10-15T18:01:55Z Baffa ali 47435 An kirkira ta fassara "Early work" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374387821|Nuclear famine]]" 967917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:In_the_background,_a_Roman_Catholic_cathedral_on_a_hill_in_Nagasaki,_ca._1945_-_NARA_-_519385.tif|thumb|361x361px|Halaka bayan fashewar bam na nukiliya a Nagasaki a shekarar 1945. Yaduwar lalacewa da radiation sakamakon musayar nukiliya na iya rushe samar da aikin gona na duniya ko na yanki.]] '''Yunwa ta nukiliya''' wani yunwa ne da ake tsammani wanda ake la'akari da yiwuwar barazana bayan musayar nukiliya ta duniya ko ta yanki. An yi tunanin cewa ko da tasirin sanyaya mai zurfi wanda ya haifar da musayar nukiliya ta yanki na iya samun tasiri sosai ga samar da aikin gona, wanda ya haifar le rikicin abinci tsakanin wadanda suka tsira a duniya. Duk da yake imani da ra'ayin "tashin [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]]" ya shahara kuma ana [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|muhawara]] sosai, batun yiwuwar rushewar samar da abinci daga fashewa da tasirin fashewa bayan yakin nukiliya ba shi da rikici. An rubuta littattafai da yawa game da batun samar da abinci, gami da kariya ta Fallout, ƙwarewar tsira daga yaƙin nukiliya, Zai Insects Inherit the Earth da Sauran Batutuwa na Damuwa ga Wadanda ke Damuwa da Yaƙin Nukiliya, kuma kwanan nan matsanancin hunturu na nukiliya da [[Tasirin hunturu|Tasirin comet]] wanda ke hana kowa ciyarwa Babu Matter What. Tare da waɗannan matani na gabatarwa, ƙarin kundin hukuma tare da mai da hankali kan ƙungiya, noma, da ilimin rediyo sun haɗa da Abinci a cikin Muhalli na Postattack ta Kamfanin RAND, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pogrund |first=Robert Seymour |year=1966 |title=Nutrition in the postattack environment |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM5052.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128112108/http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM5052.html |archive-date=2015-01-28}}</ref> ci gaba da shirye-shiryen gwamnati don hana yunwa ''A kan sake tsarawa bayan harin nukiliya'', da Rayuwa na Jama'ar da aka tura Amurka. Bayan harin nukaliya ta hanyar lashe kyautar Nobel Wigner, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Survival of the relocated population of the U.S. after a nuclear attack 1976. full PDF |url=http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1976/3445600218921.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207061152/http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1976/3445600218921.pdf |archive-date=February 7, 2017}}</ref> yayin da suka mai da aka mayar da hankali ne kawai kan tasirin radiyo da ake amfani da shi a kan Fallout da shi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Killion |first=D. D. |last2=Constantin |first2=M. J. |date=September 6, 1975 |title=Effects of fallout radiation on crop production |url=http://inis.iaea.org/Search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:7225106 |via=inis.iaea.org |access-date=September 20, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331010427/https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:7225106 |archive-date=March 31, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Shuka masu amfani da su a kan Fallowers na Shuka masu tsire-tsire-tsare da Shuka masu cinyewa a kan wannan Shuka masu aiki a kan Shuka masu guba da Shuka da Shuka a kan Shuke-shuke-shuka masu amfani<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2010 |title=Physical Effects of Nuclear Warfare |url=http://www.fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/7906/790612.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025233527/http://www.fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/7906/790612.pdf |archive-date=2010-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 6, 1965 |title=Defense against radioactive fallout on the farm / [prepared by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with the Atomic Energy Commission, the Office of Civil Defense, and the U.S. Public Health Service.] |url=https://archive.org/details/CAT87205513 |publisher=Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> == Ayyuka na farko == Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko don tattauna matsalar fallout, noma, abinci da wadata shine littafin Herman Kahn na 1960 On Thermonuclear War . Kahn ya yi jayayya cewa yayin da yakin basasa zai zama "babban bala'i", abinci wanda ya ɗan gurbata zuwa matsakaici ba ya buƙatar lalacewa saboda cin irin wannan abinci ta tsofaffi ba zai haifar da karuwar cutar kansa a cikin wannan rukuni. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, kamar sauran cututtukan cututtukani na yau da kullun kamar hayaki na sigari, cututtukansu ba sa fitowa nan da nan bayan fuskantar radiation ko musamman daga Rushewar nukiliya; maimakon haka ciwon daji yana da mafi ƙarancin lokaci na wasu shekaru 5 +, wanda binciken Project 4.1 ke tallafawa. Saboda wannan dalili ne cewa tsofaffi za su iya cin abinci mai ɗanɗano zuwa matsakaici ba tare da wani abu ba, idan akwai, mummunar sakamako, yana ba da damar adana abinci mafi ƙarancin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Daga 1983-1985, a cikin wani lokaci wanda ra'ayi na "tashin [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]]" ya kasance a cikin farkon "apocalyptic" 1-D na kwamfuta, fiye da 300 na jiki, yanayi, aikin gona da muhalli daga sama da kasashe 30 a duniya sun taru don shiga cikin Kwamitin Kimiyya kan Matsalolin Muhalli-Matsalolin Yakin Nukiliya (SCOPE-ENUWAR). Wannan aikin ya kimanta sakamakon duniya na yakin nukiliya, wanda ya haifar da wani littafi mai nau'i biyu mai taken Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War, wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da tasirin jiki, yanayi, muhalli da aikin gona na babban yakin nukiliyar. A cikin littafin, an yi hasashen cewa biliyoyin wadanda suka tsira a bayan yakin nukiliya, har ma a cikin ƙasashe marasa gwagwarmaya, ''zai iya'' fuskantar raguwar abinci (idan ba a ci gaba da matakan gwamnati ba) wanda ke jefa wadanda suka tsira cikin "matakan rashin abinci mai gina jiki da yunwa," kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, "karamin ɓangare na yawan mutanen duniya na yanzu zasu iya tsammanin tsira da 'yan shekaru". Za'a iya shigar da matakai da yawa wanda ke haifar da karancin abinci a duniya. Don farawa, amfanin gona, kayan adanawa da kayan aikin gona kamar taki da magungunan kashe kwari za a iya lalata su nan take a cikin fashewar nukiliya; gurɓataccen nukiliya na ƙasa, iska da ruwa na iya sa abinci ba shi da aminci don ci, kuma amfanin gona ba zai iya girma yadda ya kamata ba; kuma gobarar da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba na iya hana aikin gona na yau da kullun ko ayyukan tattara abinci. Masana sun yi hasashen cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko da suka biyo bayan yakin nukiliya, matakai masu rikitarwa, kamar su gurgunta tattalin arzikin duniya da tsarin kasuwanci, rushewar hanyoyin sufuri da rarraba abinci na duniya, asarar fitarwa da shigo da kayayyaki, matsanancin damuwa game da yanayin yanayi a kan tsarin agroecosystems, da rikice-rikice da rikice a cikin al'umma na iya haifar da kara matsalar karancin abinci.<ref name="nuclearfamine">Harwell, M., and C. Harwell. (1986). "Nuclear Famine: The Indirect Effects of Nuclear War", pp. 117–135 in Solomon, F. and R. Marston (Eds.). ''The Medical Implications of Nuclear War''. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. {{ISBN|0309036925}}.</ref> Bayan wallafawar ''Sakamakon muhalli na Yaƙin Nukiliya'', ƙarin karatu sun fito ne bisa ga ƙira da nazarin musayar nukiliya tsakanin kasashe masu makaman nukiliya. Sakamakon waɗannan binciken ya nuna cewa yaƙin nukiliya hanya ce mai lalacewa zuwa yunwa mai yawa, kuma ya sake maimaita sanarwa da aka yi a cikin The Medical Implications of Nuclear War, wani littafi na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa, cewa "babban hanyar mutuwar mutane ba zai kasance daga tasirin fashewa ba, ba daga ƙonewar radiation ba, kuma ba daga radiation na ionizing ba, amma, maimakon haka, daga yunwa mai girma". Duk da yake jimlar adadin makaman nukiliya na duniya ya ragu da kashi biyu bisa uku bayan Yarjejeniyar Rage Makamai ta Amurka da Soviet (START) idan aka kwatanta da farkon 80s, wasu masana suna jin cewa haɗarin rikice-rikicen nukiliya bai ragu ba, amma a maimakon haka ya karu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda Yaduwar nukiliya yayin da wasu kasashe kamar Indiya, Pakistan, da Koriya ta Arewa yanzu suna da makaman nukiliya, suna kara haɗarin rikice-rikicen nukiliya na yanki. Girman tashin hankali na soja, hatsarori, sabotages da hare-haren yanar gizo duk suna iya haifar da babbar matsalar nukiliya da yanki, idan ba yunwa ta duniya ba. == Tasirin hunturu na nukiliya akan tsarin agroecosystems == Dangane da binciken da ba daidai ba da aka yi a farkon shekarun 1980, an yi hasashen cewa yakin nukiliya na Amurka da Soviet zai tsara hayaki mai yawa a cikin yanayi wanda watanni zuwa shekaru na "takarda ta nukiliya" zai iya faruwa kuma ya kawo duk wani aikin noma a Arewacin Hemisphere zuwa tsayawa mai tsanani. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Richard |first=Turco |last2=Owen |first2=Toon |last3=Thomas |first3=Ackerman |last4=James |first4=Pollack |last5=Carl |first5=Sagan |date=Dec 23, 1983 |title=Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions |journal=Science |volume=222 |issue=460 |pages=1283–92 |bibcode=1983Sci...222.1283T |doi=10.1126/science.222.4630.1283 |pmid=17773320 |s2cid=45515251}}</ref> Wannan ya kasance a saman [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|damuwa mai yawa]] game da ci gaban hayaki mai guba na ozone a duniya daga fashewar nukiliya mai ƙarfi, wanda aka tsara don kawo yanayin muhalli don rushewa ga tsire-tsire na ƙasa da tsire-tire na ruwa don yadawa, irin wannan amfanin gona da girbi na ruwa za su shafi mummunan rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Hampson's warnings of disaster |url=https://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/88Hampson.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130145905/http://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/88Hampson.html |archive-date=November 30, 2014 |website=www.bmartin.cc}}</ref> Masana ilimin halittu sun daɗe suna nazarin cewa dalilai da yawa da suka taso daga "tsarin hunturu na nukiliya" za su haifar da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga aikin gona. Misali, yaƙin nukiliya a cikin lokutan girma na iya haifar da abubuwan da suka faru na kwatsam na zafin jiki (-10 digiri Celsius ko fiye) na kwanaki zuwa makonni, kuma yana jawo bayanai daga "[[Shekara Ba tare da bazara ba|shekara ba tare da bazara ba]]" a cikin 1816, abubuwan da suka shafi daskarewa suna iya lalata amfanin gona mai yawa.<ref name="nuclearfamine" /> Bugu da kari, za a iya taƙaita lokacin girma, kamar yadda Robock et al. suka ruwaito, waɗanda suka lissafa cewa yakin nukiliya na yanki tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan zai rage lokacin girma ba tare da daskarewa ba a Arewa da Kudancin Hemispheres na shekaru da yawa kuma ya lalata kayan aikin gona yayin da amfanin gona ba su da isasshen lokaci don isa ga balaga.<ref name="robock2007a">{{Cite journal |last=Alan |first=Robock |last2=Luke |first2=Oman |last3=Georgiy |first3=Stenchikov |last4=Charles |first4=Bardeen |last5=Richard |first5=Turco |date=Apr 19, 2007 |title=Climatic consequences of regional nuclear conflicts |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-2003-2007.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=2003–2012 |bibcode=2007ACP.....7.2003R |doi=10.5194/acp-7-2003-2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629153655/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-2003-2007.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-29 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sabanin haka, yanayin halittu na ruwa, babban mai samar da abinci ga al'ummomin mutane, ba su da haɗari ga faduwar zafin jiki kwatsam. Koyaya, suna da matukar damuwa ga rage hasken rana da ya faru da kuma karuwar matakin radiation na UV-B.<ref name="nuclearfamine" /> A yayin babban yakin nukiliya, an yi hasashen raguwar kashi 25% kawai a cikin ozone don haifar da ingantaccen radiation na UV-B wanda ke rage photosynthesis a cikin Yankin euphotic da kashi 35%, kuma a cikin dukan yankin euphhotic da 10% (yanki na euphoic yana nufin zurfin teku tare da matakan haske isasshen don photosynthèse mai aiki). Tare da raguwar haske da ke akwai don photosynthesis, yawan phytoplankton sun kasance a cikin littafin 1985 da ake sa ran faduwa, kuma masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa mafi yawan phytoplanktton da herbivorous zooplanktons (wanda ke ciyar da phytoplanctons) a cikin fiye da rabin Tekun Arewacin Hemisphere zai mutu. Ƙarin kimantawa na zamani game da yiwuwar matsalolin ozone da ke tasowa daga ƙwallon nukiliya sun ƙayyade waɗannan zato na baya ba su da tushe. A cewar [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSDNET/0,,contentMDK:23168627~pagePK:64885161~piPK:64884432~theSitePK:5929282,00.html Bankin Duniya], teku tana ba da yawan jama'ar duniya da kashi 16% na furotin da suke cinyewa; saboda an gina sarkar abinci na ruwa a kan photosynthesis na phytoplanktons, manyan yaƙe-yaƙe na nukiliya, [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|a cikin waɗannan samfuran 1980s da littattafai]], an dauke su a matsayin ba da gangan ba da kuma suna shafar miliyoyin, idan ba biliyoyin mutanen da suka dogara da teku don abinci ba. == Tasirin yaƙin nukiliya akan rarraba abinci == Baya ga mummunan tasirin da ke faruwa a kan tsarin agroecosystems, abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na yaki da lalacewar nukiliya suma suna da tasiri mai zurfi akan wadatar abinci. An lura a bayan fashewar bam din nukiliya a Hiroshima da Nagasaki cewa abinci ya fi ƙarancin yayin da aka lalata amfanin gona a yankunan da ke kusa da su kuma an yanke rarraba abinci daga wasu sassan Japan sakamakon lalacewar layin dogo, lokacin da samar da amfanin gona ya riga ya ragu a cikin shekarun da suka gabata saboda yaƙi da mummunan yanayi. A yau, kashi 85% na kasashe a duniya suna da ƙananan abinci na gida don ci gaba da rayuwa kuma suna ƙara dogara da hanyoyin cinikin abinci masu alaƙa da abinci don abinci da aka shigo da su.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2014 ya binciki sakamakon rikice-rikice na nahiyar a kan cibiyoyin cinikin alkama da shinkafa wanda zai iya faruwa lokacin da aka rage yawan abinci a duniya, kamar bin babban yakin nukiliya.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> Idan aka yi la'akari da halin da kasashe masu fitarwa ke yi don hana amfanin gonar su a lokutan karancin abinci, tsarin tsinkaya a cikin wannan binciken ya tabbatar da cewa an rage yawan alkama da shinkafa da aka fitar da su tare da asarar hanyoyin fitarwa.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> A takaice dai, marubutan sun gano cewa kasashe mafi ƙarancin ci gaba za su sha wahala saboda asarar shigo da kayayyaki saboda matsalolin kuɗi, kuma asarar hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci zai haifar da yawan jama'a da ke fama da karancin abinci.<ref name="Puma-2014">{{Cite journal |last=Puma |first=Michael |last2=Bose |first2=Satyajit |last3=Chon |first3=So Young |last4=Cook |first4=Benjamin |date=22 May 2014 |title=Assessing the evolving fragility of the global food system |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=10 |issue=2 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024007 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Yunwa ta duniya saboda rikicin nukiliya na yanki == Yawancin binciken da aka yi har zuwa yau game da canjin yanayi na yakin nukiliya da ya haifar yana mai da hankali kan musayar nukiliya mai girma tsakanin Rasha da Amurka na zamani. Koyaya, duniyar bayan Yakin Cold ta haɗa da wasu ƙasashe masu makaman nukiliya - kamar Indiya, Pakistan, da Koriya ta Arewa - waɗanda a halin yanzu suna cikin rikice-rikicen makamai da maƙwabtansu. Idan aka kwatanta da yakin nukiliya na "duniya", rikice-rikicen yanki tsakanin kasashe masu karamin makaman nukiliya zai iya haifar da tasirin yanayi mara kyau. Duk da haka, an yi jayayya cewa sanyaya na duniya wanda ya haifar da irin wannan rikici na iya samun babban tasiri ga aikin gona da tsarin samar da abinci a duk duniya. Nazarin da yawa da Alan Robock na Jami'ar Rutgers ya jagoranta sun bayyana wannan yiwuwar. Binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2007 ta amfani da tsarin yanayi na zamani ya gano cewa musayar nukiliya tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan da ta shafi bama-bamai 100 na Hiroshima (kasa da 0.1% na amfanin fashewa na makaman nukiliya na duniya na yanzu) zai isa ya haifar da sanyaya mai tsanani a duniya. Misali ba wai kawai ya annabta tasirin da ya dace da ra'ayin gargajiya na "tsarin nukiliya" ba, har ma ya ba da shawarar cewa tasirin yanayi zai daɗe fiye da yadda ake tsammani a baya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alan |first=Robock |last2=Luke |first2=Oman |last3=Georgiy |first3=Stenchikov |date=Jul 6, 2007 |title=Nuclear winter revisited with a modern climate model and current nuclear arsenals: Still catastrophic consequences |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=112 |issue=D13 |pages=D13107 |bibcode=2007JGRD..11213107R |doi=10.1029/2006JD008235 |doi-access=}}</ref> Wadannan tasirin na iya haɗawa da canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin yanayin yanayi na yau da kullun, raguwar matsakaicin 10% a cikin ruwan sama a duniya, da kuma "sake sanyaya digiri da yawa ... a kan manyan yankuna na Arewacin Amurka da Eurasia, gami da mafi yawan yankunan da ke girma".<ref name="robock2007a" /> Wani binciken da ya shafi shekarar 2012 ya samo asali ne daga tsarin aikin gona mai ƙarfi don hango hasashen tasirin aikin gona na yakin Indiya da Pakistan. Misali a wannan yanayin ya nuna cewa yakin nukiliya na yanki a kan nahiya daban na iya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin amfanin gona da samar da soya a Amurka ta tsakiya, tare da mafi girman asarar amfanin gona wanda ya faru shekaru biyar bayan taron.<ref name="Oz2012">{{Cite journal |last=Özdoğan |first=Mutlu |last2=Robock |first2=Alan |last3=Kucharik |first3=Christopher J. |date=22 June 2012 |title=Impacts of a nuclear war in South Asia on soybean and maize production in the Midwest United States |journal=Climate Change |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=373–387 |doi=10.1007/s10584-012-0518-1 |s2cid=2837628}}</ref> A cikin shekaru goma bayan taron, an yi hasashen samar da masara zai ragu da matsakaicin 10% da soya da matsakaitan 6-12%, dangane da wurin. Ana sa ran bambancin shekara-shekara zai kasance mai girma, kuma ana iya shafar anomalies a cikin zafin jiki, ruwan sama, da hasken rana. Sauran binciken da suka danganci Robock et al. style Indiya-Pakistan ya yi amfani da wani daban-daban noma model don hango hasashen tasirin kan shinkafa samar a kasar Sin. Bayan la'akari da yanayin yanayi da ayyukan noma na musamman ga larduna daban-daban, an yi hasashen samar da shinkafa zai ragu da matsakaicin 21% na shekaru hudu na farko kuma da kusan 10% na shekaru shida masu zuwa.<ref name="Xia2013">{{Cite journal |last=Xia |first=Lili |last2=Robock |first2=Alan |date=2013 |title=Impacts of a nuclear war in South Asia on rice production in Mainland China |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/XiaRobockNuclearChinaPrint.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Climate Change |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=357–372 |bibcode=2013ClCh..116..357X |doi=10.1007/s10584-012-0475-8 |s2cid=13189109 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317081920/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/XiaRobockNuclearChinaPrint.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref> Duk da yake ana iya aiwatar da matakan daidaitawa (kamar kara shuke-shuke a larduna da ba su da tasiri ko gyare-gyaren taki), waɗannan dabarun sun zo da iyakokinsu da sakamakonsu - gami da ƙarin gurɓata muhalli. Hakanan samar da masara da alkama na kasar Sin na iya shafar.<ref name="Xia2013b">{{Cite web |last=Xia |first=Lili |last2=Mills |first2=Michael |last3=Stenke |first3=Andrea |last4=Helfand |first4=Ira |title=Global famine after a regional nuclear war |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/NWXIA8AR.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312112951/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/NWXIA8AR.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |publisher=Submitted to Earth's Future, 2013}}</ref> Musamman, samar da alkama a bayan irin wannan lamarin na iya raguwa da sama da 50% a cikin shekara ta farko kuma ya ragu da matsakaicin 39% a cikin shekaru 5 na farko. Wani [https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-022-00573-0 sabon binciken] da aka kirkira don kimanta tasirin yunwa saboda [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]] don Jaridar Abinci ta Yanayi. Sun yi la'akari da mummunar tasiri ga tsaron abinci na duniya kuma sun nuna damuwa game da kasashe daban-daban waɗanda suka riga sun sami matsala tare da samun kayan aiki daban-daban a waje da abinci. Wannan binciken ya damu game da yiwuwar ƙurar da ta haifar da musayar nukiliya wanda zai yi kamar waɗanda suka faru a watan Maris za su haifar da matsaloli ga Duniya. Binciken su ya gano cewa Tg 5 na tururi da toka zai isa ya haifar da yunwa. Rashin abinci mai yawa zai kasance wanda dabbobi da samar da abinci na ruwa ba za su iya biyan diyya ba. Matsayin rikicewar yanayi na hanyoyi daban-daban na samar da abinci zai ɗauki rayuka masu yawa a Duniya. Binciken ya kiyasta rayuka biliyan 5 da za a rasa tare da faruwar yunwa ta nukiliya. Don kwatanta, yawan mutanen duniya ya kai biliyan 8 a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2022. Yunwa ta nukiliya za ta zama apocalypse wanda mutane da yawa suka yi imanin ya kamata ya zama damuwa yayin la'akari da makircin siyasa da nukiliya. === Jama'a masu rauni === Likitocin Duniya don Rigakafin Yakin Nukiliya (IPPNW) sun ba da rahoton a cikin 2013 cewa fiye da mutane biliyan biyu za su kasance cikin haɗarin yunwa a yayin da aka iyakance musayar nukiliya, kamar wanda zai iya faruwa tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan, ko kuma ta hanyar amfani da ƙaramin adadin makaman nukiliya da Amurka da Rasha ke riƙe.<ref name="IPPNWStudy">{{Cite web |last=Helfand |first=Ira |title=Nuclear Famine: Two Billion People at Risk? |url=http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-two-billion-at-risk-2013.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405015355/http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-two-billion-at-risk-2013.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War}}</ref><ref name="IPPNWPress">{{Cite web |last=Loretz |first=John |title=Nobel Laureate Warns Two Billion at Risk from Nuclear Famine |url=http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-2013-press-release-english.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203024127/http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-2013-press-release-english.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=IPPNW}}</ref> Wannan rahoto ya jaddada cewa duniya tana cikin yanayin da ke da matukar damuwa ga raguwar samar da abinci. Hakanan, ƙananan canje-canje a matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniya na iya samun babban tasiri a kan amfanin gona. Nazarin aikin gona da ke hango raguwar amfanin gona na Amurka da na kasar Sin na iya zama mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, saboda ba sa la'akari da raguwar ozone ko matsanancin zafin jiki na yau da kullun. Sun ambaci misalin fashewar Dutsen Tambora a cikin 1815, wanda ya haifar da matsakaicin canjin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na -0.7 ° C kawai, amma wanda ya kawo tsakar lokacin rani zuwa jihohin tsakiyar Atlantic <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Stommel H, Stommel E |year=1979 |title=The year without a summer |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_1979-06_240_6/page/176 |journal=Scientific American |volume=240 |issue=6 |pages=176–186 |bibcode=1979SciAm.240f.176S |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0679-176}}</ref> kuma ya haifar da asarar amfanin gona har zuwa 75% a arewacin Turai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Post, J. |year=1983 |title=Climatic change and subsistence crises |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-interdisciplinary-history_summer-1983_14_1/page/153 |journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary History |volume=14 |pages=153–160 |doi=10.2307/203521 |jstor=203521}}</ref>&nbsp; Bugu da kari, marubutan rahoton suna jayayya cewa ƙananan rikice-rikice a cikin wadatar abinci suna da girma sosai ga mutanen da ba su da abinci mai gina jiki. Musamman, kimanin mutane miliyan 800 suna fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, har ma da raguwar kashi 10% a cikin abincin da suke amfani da shi zai sanya su cikin haɗari.<ref name="Hefland2007">{{Cite web |last=Hefland |first=Ira |title=An Assessment of the Extent of Projected Global Famine Resulting From Limited, Regional Nuclear War |url=http://www.psr.org/assets/pdfs/helfandpaper.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110165237/http://www.psr.org/assets/pdfs/helfandpaper.pdf |archive-date=10 November 2015 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=Physicians for Social Responsibility |publisher=Royal Society of Medicine}}</ref> Tsaro na duniya na hatsi na iya zama a matsayin mai karewa ga wannan; duk da haka, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta nuna cewa ajiyar yanzu za ta kasance kusan kwanaki 68-77.<ref name="IPPNWStudy" /> Famines are also often associated with epidemics. Following the Mount Tambora eruption, an 1816 famine in Ireland triggered a [[Shekara Ba tare da bazara ba|typhus epidemic]] in Ireland that spread to much of Europe, and the Bengal famine of 1943 was associated with major localized epidemics of cholera, malaria, smallpox, and dysentery.<ref name="IPPNWStudy" />  Similarly, the vast and crowded megacities of the developing world could see major outbreaks of infectious disease as a secondary result of famine.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2017}} Koyaya, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin takarda da aka buga a cikin mujallar Public Health Reports, yana ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke faruwa cewa cututtukan cututtuka koyaushe suna faruwa bayan bala'i a birane.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jacob B, Mawson AR, Payton M, Guignard JC |year=2008 |title=Disaster mythology and fact: Hurricane Katrina and social attachment |journal=Public Health Rep |volume=123 |issue=5 |pages=555–66 |doi=10.1177/003335490812300505 |pmc=2496928 |pmid=18828410}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.publichealthreports.org/issueopen.cfm?articleID=2091 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827183455/http://www.publichealthreports.org/issueopen.cfm?articleID=2091 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |access-date=2017-12-08}}</ref> {{Blockquote|[[Epidemic]]s seldom occur after a disaster, and dead bodies do not lead to catastrophic outbreaks of [[infectious disease]]s. Intuitively, epidemic diseases, illnesses, and injuries might be expected following major disasters. However, as noted by de Goyet, epidemics seldom occur after disasters, and unless deaths are caused by one of a small number of infectious diseases such as smallpox, typhus, or plague, exposure to dead bodies does not cause disease ... [[Cholera]] and [[typhoid]] seldom pose a major health threat after disasters unless they are already endemic.}} == Dubi kuma == * Bellesrad * [[Tsibiran Mashal|Tsibirin Marshall]] * Yaƙin Cold na II * Kashewa * [[Yanayin tashin duniya|Hadarin bala'i na duniya]] * Holocaust na nukiliya * Ta'addanci na nukiliya * [[Yaƙin Duniya na III]] == Early work == Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko da aka yi don tattauna matsalar rashin daidaito, noma, abinci da wadata shine littafin Herman Kahn na 1960 akan Yaƙin Thermonuclear . Kahn ya yi jayayya cewa yayin da yaƙi gaba ɗaya zai zama "masifa da ba a taɓa gani ba," abincin da ya ɗan gurɓata kaɗan zuwa matsakaici bai kamata a ɓata shi ba domin cin irin wannan abincin da tsofaffi ke yi ba zai haifar da ƙaruwar cutar kansa a cikin wannan rukunin ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, kamar sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar kansa kamar hayakin sigari, cutar kansa ba ta bayyana nan take bayan an fallasa ta ga radiation ko musamman daga tasirin nukiliya ; maimakon haka cutar kansa tana da ƙarancin lokacin jinkiri na kimanin shekaru 5+, wanda binciken Project 4.1 ya goyi bayansa. Saboda wannan dalili ne tsofaffi za su iya cin abinci mai ɗan ƙazanta kaɗan zuwa matsakaici ba tare da wani mummunan tasiri ba, idan akwai, wanda hakan ke ba da damar adana abincin da ba shi da ƙazanta ga ƙananan yara. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2fy6uqg6bghsl8kcxmljc72r9mw893o 967918 967917 2026-10-15T18:04:02Z Baffa ali 47435 An kirkira ta fassara "See also" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374387821|Nuclear famine]]" 967918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:In_the_background,_a_Roman_Catholic_cathedral_on_a_hill_in_Nagasaki,_ca._1945_-_NARA_-_519385.tif|thumb|361x361px|Halaka bayan fashewar bam na nukiliya a Nagasaki a shekarar 1945. Yaduwar lalacewa da radiation sakamakon musayar nukiliya na iya rushe samar da aikin gona na duniya ko na yanki.]] '''Yunwa ta nukiliya''' wani yunwa ne da ake tsammani wanda ake la'akari da yiwuwar barazana bayan musayar nukiliya ta duniya ko ta yanki. An yi tunanin cewa ko da tasirin sanyaya mai zurfi wanda ya haifar da musayar nukiliya ta yanki na iya samun tasiri sosai ga samar da aikin gona, wanda ya haifar le rikicin abinci tsakanin wadanda suka tsira a duniya. Duk da yake imani da ra'ayin "tashin [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]]" ya shahara kuma ana [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|muhawara]] sosai, batun yiwuwar rushewar samar da abinci daga fashewa da tasirin fashewa bayan yakin nukiliya ba shi da rikici. An rubuta littattafai da yawa game da batun samar da abinci, gami da kariya ta Fallout, ƙwarewar tsira daga yaƙin nukiliya, Zai Insects Inherit the Earth da Sauran Batutuwa na Damuwa ga Wadanda ke Damuwa da Yaƙin Nukiliya, kuma kwanan nan matsanancin hunturu na nukiliya da [[Tasirin hunturu|Tasirin comet]] wanda ke hana kowa ciyarwa Babu Matter What. Tare da waɗannan matani na gabatarwa, ƙarin kundin hukuma tare da mai da hankali kan ƙungiya, noma, da ilimin rediyo sun haɗa da Abinci a cikin Muhalli na Postattack ta Kamfanin RAND, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pogrund |first=Robert Seymour |year=1966 |title=Nutrition in the postattack environment |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM5052.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128112108/http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM5052.html |archive-date=2015-01-28}}</ref> ci gaba da shirye-shiryen gwamnati don hana yunwa ''A kan sake tsarawa bayan harin nukiliya'', da Rayuwa na Jama'ar da aka tura Amurka. Bayan harin nukaliya ta hanyar lashe kyautar Nobel Wigner, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Survival of the relocated population of the U.S. after a nuclear attack 1976. full PDF |url=http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1976/3445600218921.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207061152/http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1976/3445600218921.pdf |archive-date=February 7, 2017}}</ref> yayin da suka mai da aka mayar da hankali ne kawai kan tasirin radiyo da ake amfani da shi a kan Fallout da shi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Killion |first=D. D. |last2=Constantin |first2=M. J. |date=September 6, 1975 |title=Effects of fallout radiation on crop production |url=http://inis.iaea.org/Search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:7225106 |via=inis.iaea.org |access-date=September 20, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331010427/https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:7225106 |archive-date=March 31, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Shuka masu amfani da su a kan Fallowers na Shuka masu tsire-tsire-tsare da Shuka masu cinyewa a kan wannan Shuka masu aiki a kan Shuka masu guba da Shuka da Shuka a kan Shuke-shuke-shuka masu amfani<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2010 |title=Physical Effects of Nuclear Warfare |url=http://www.fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/7906/790612.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025233527/http://www.fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/7906/790612.pdf |archive-date=2010-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 6, 1965 |title=Defense against radioactive fallout on the farm / [prepared by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with the Atomic Energy Commission, the Office of Civil Defense, and the U.S. Public Health Service.] |url=https://archive.org/details/CAT87205513 |publisher=Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> == Ayyuka na farko == Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko don tattauna matsalar fallout, noma, abinci da wadata shine littafin Herman Kahn na 1960 On Thermonuclear War . Kahn ya yi jayayya cewa yayin da yakin basasa zai zama "babban bala'i", abinci wanda ya ɗan gurbata zuwa matsakaici ba ya buƙatar lalacewa saboda cin irin wannan abinci ta tsofaffi ba zai haifar da karuwar cutar kansa a cikin wannan rukuni. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, kamar sauran cututtukan cututtukani na yau da kullun kamar hayaki na sigari, cututtukansu ba sa fitowa nan da nan bayan fuskantar radiation ko musamman daga Rushewar nukiliya; maimakon haka ciwon daji yana da mafi ƙarancin lokaci na wasu shekaru 5 +, wanda binciken Project 4.1 ke tallafawa. Saboda wannan dalili ne cewa tsofaffi za su iya cin abinci mai ɗanɗano zuwa matsakaici ba tare da wani abu ba, idan akwai, mummunar sakamako, yana ba da damar adana abinci mafi ƙarancin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Daga 1983-1985, a cikin wani lokaci wanda ra'ayi na "tashin [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]]" ya kasance a cikin farkon "apocalyptic" 1-D na kwamfuta, fiye da 300 na jiki, yanayi, aikin gona da muhalli daga sama da kasashe 30 a duniya sun taru don shiga cikin Kwamitin Kimiyya kan Matsalolin Muhalli-Matsalolin Yakin Nukiliya (SCOPE-ENUWAR). Wannan aikin ya kimanta sakamakon duniya na yakin nukiliya, wanda ya haifar da wani littafi mai nau'i biyu mai taken Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War, wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da tasirin jiki, yanayi, muhalli da aikin gona na babban yakin nukiliyar. A cikin littafin, an yi hasashen cewa biliyoyin wadanda suka tsira a bayan yakin nukiliya, har ma a cikin ƙasashe marasa gwagwarmaya, ''zai iya'' fuskantar raguwar abinci (idan ba a ci gaba da matakan gwamnati ba) wanda ke jefa wadanda suka tsira cikin "matakan rashin abinci mai gina jiki da yunwa," kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, "karamin ɓangare na yawan mutanen duniya na yanzu zasu iya tsammanin tsira da 'yan shekaru". Za'a iya shigar da matakai da yawa wanda ke haifar da karancin abinci a duniya. Don farawa, amfanin gona, kayan adanawa da kayan aikin gona kamar taki da magungunan kashe kwari za a iya lalata su nan take a cikin fashewar nukiliya; gurɓataccen nukiliya na ƙasa, iska da ruwa na iya sa abinci ba shi da aminci don ci, kuma amfanin gona ba zai iya girma yadda ya kamata ba; kuma gobarar da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba na iya hana aikin gona na yau da kullun ko ayyukan tattara abinci. Masana sun yi hasashen cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko da suka biyo bayan yakin nukiliya, matakai masu rikitarwa, kamar su gurgunta tattalin arzikin duniya da tsarin kasuwanci, rushewar hanyoyin sufuri da rarraba abinci na duniya, asarar fitarwa da shigo da kayayyaki, matsanancin damuwa game da yanayin yanayi a kan tsarin agroecosystems, da rikice-rikice da rikice a cikin al'umma na iya haifar da kara matsalar karancin abinci.<ref name="nuclearfamine">Harwell, M., and C. Harwell. (1986). "Nuclear Famine: The Indirect Effects of Nuclear War", pp. 117–135 in Solomon, F. and R. Marston (Eds.). ''The Medical Implications of Nuclear War''. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. {{ISBN|0309036925}}.</ref> Bayan wallafawar ''Sakamakon muhalli na Yaƙin Nukiliya'', ƙarin karatu sun fito ne bisa ga ƙira da nazarin musayar nukiliya tsakanin kasashe masu makaman nukiliya. Sakamakon waɗannan binciken ya nuna cewa yaƙin nukiliya hanya ce mai lalacewa zuwa yunwa mai yawa, kuma ya sake maimaita sanarwa da aka yi a cikin The Medical Implications of Nuclear War, wani littafi na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa, cewa "babban hanyar mutuwar mutane ba zai kasance daga tasirin fashewa ba, ba daga ƙonewar radiation ba, kuma ba daga radiation na ionizing ba, amma, maimakon haka, daga yunwa mai girma". Duk da yake jimlar adadin makaman nukiliya na duniya ya ragu da kashi biyu bisa uku bayan Yarjejeniyar Rage Makamai ta Amurka da Soviet (START) idan aka kwatanta da farkon 80s, wasu masana suna jin cewa haɗarin rikice-rikicen nukiliya bai ragu ba, amma a maimakon haka ya karu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda Yaduwar nukiliya yayin da wasu kasashe kamar Indiya, Pakistan, da Koriya ta Arewa yanzu suna da makaman nukiliya, suna kara haɗarin rikice-rikicen nukiliya na yanki. Girman tashin hankali na soja, hatsarori, sabotages da hare-haren yanar gizo duk suna iya haifar da babbar matsalar nukiliya da yanki, idan ba yunwa ta duniya ba. == Tasirin hunturu na nukiliya akan tsarin agroecosystems == Dangane da binciken da ba daidai ba da aka yi a farkon shekarun 1980, an yi hasashen cewa yakin nukiliya na Amurka da Soviet zai tsara hayaki mai yawa a cikin yanayi wanda watanni zuwa shekaru na "takarda ta nukiliya" zai iya faruwa kuma ya kawo duk wani aikin noma a Arewacin Hemisphere zuwa tsayawa mai tsanani. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Richard |first=Turco |last2=Owen |first2=Toon |last3=Thomas |first3=Ackerman |last4=James |first4=Pollack |last5=Carl |first5=Sagan |date=Dec 23, 1983 |title=Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions |journal=Science |volume=222 |issue=460 |pages=1283–92 |bibcode=1983Sci...222.1283T |doi=10.1126/science.222.4630.1283 |pmid=17773320 |s2cid=45515251}}</ref> Wannan ya kasance a saman [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|damuwa mai yawa]] game da ci gaban hayaki mai guba na ozone a duniya daga fashewar nukiliya mai ƙarfi, wanda aka tsara don kawo yanayin muhalli don rushewa ga tsire-tsire na ƙasa da tsire-tire na ruwa don yadawa, irin wannan amfanin gona da girbi na ruwa za su shafi mummunan rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Hampson's warnings of disaster |url=https://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/88Hampson.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130145905/http://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/88Hampson.html |archive-date=November 30, 2014 |website=www.bmartin.cc}}</ref> Masana ilimin halittu sun daɗe suna nazarin cewa dalilai da yawa da suka taso daga "tsarin hunturu na nukiliya" za su haifar da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga aikin gona. Misali, yaƙin nukiliya a cikin lokutan girma na iya haifar da abubuwan da suka faru na kwatsam na zafin jiki (-10 digiri Celsius ko fiye) na kwanaki zuwa makonni, kuma yana jawo bayanai daga "[[Shekara Ba tare da bazara ba|shekara ba tare da bazara ba]]" a cikin 1816, abubuwan da suka shafi daskarewa suna iya lalata amfanin gona mai yawa.<ref name="nuclearfamine" /> Bugu da kari, za a iya taƙaita lokacin girma, kamar yadda Robock et al. suka ruwaito, waɗanda suka lissafa cewa yakin nukiliya na yanki tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan zai rage lokacin girma ba tare da daskarewa ba a Arewa da Kudancin Hemispheres na shekaru da yawa kuma ya lalata kayan aikin gona yayin da amfanin gona ba su da isasshen lokaci don isa ga balaga.<ref name="robock2007a">{{Cite journal |last=Alan |first=Robock |last2=Luke |first2=Oman |last3=Georgiy |first3=Stenchikov |last4=Charles |first4=Bardeen |last5=Richard |first5=Turco |date=Apr 19, 2007 |title=Climatic consequences of regional nuclear conflicts |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-2003-2007.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=2003–2012 |bibcode=2007ACP.....7.2003R |doi=10.5194/acp-7-2003-2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629153655/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-2003-2007.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-29 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sabanin haka, yanayin halittu na ruwa, babban mai samar da abinci ga al'ummomin mutane, ba su da haɗari ga faduwar zafin jiki kwatsam. Koyaya, suna da matukar damuwa ga rage hasken rana da ya faru da kuma karuwar matakin radiation na UV-B.<ref name="nuclearfamine" /> A yayin babban yakin nukiliya, an yi hasashen raguwar kashi 25% kawai a cikin ozone don haifar da ingantaccen radiation na UV-B wanda ke rage photosynthesis a cikin Yankin euphotic da kashi 35%, kuma a cikin dukan yankin euphhotic da 10% (yanki na euphoic yana nufin zurfin teku tare da matakan haske isasshen don photosynthèse mai aiki). Tare da raguwar haske da ke akwai don photosynthesis, yawan phytoplankton sun kasance a cikin littafin 1985 da ake sa ran faduwa, kuma masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa mafi yawan phytoplanktton da herbivorous zooplanktons (wanda ke ciyar da phytoplanctons) a cikin fiye da rabin Tekun Arewacin Hemisphere zai mutu. Ƙarin kimantawa na zamani game da yiwuwar matsalolin ozone da ke tasowa daga ƙwallon nukiliya sun ƙayyade waɗannan zato na baya ba su da tushe. A cewar [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSDNET/0,,contentMDK:23168627~pagePK:64885161~piPK:64884432~theSitePK:5929282,00.html Bankin Duniya], teku tana ba da yawan jama'ar duniya da kashi 16% na furotin da suke cinyewa; saboda an gina sarkar abinci na ruwa a kan photosynthesis na phytoplanktons, manyan yaƙe-yaƙe na nukiliya, [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|a cikin waɗannan samfuran 1980s da littattafai]], an dauke su a matsayin ba da gangan ba da kuma suna shafar miliyoyin, idan ba biliyoyin mutanen da suka dogara da teku don abinci ba. == Tasirin yaƙin nukiliya akan rarraba abinci == Baya ga mummunan tasirin da ke faruwa a kan tsarin agroecosystems, abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na yaki da lalacewar nukiliya suma suna da tasiri mai zurfi akan wadatar abinci. An lura a bayan fashewar bam din nukiliya a Hiroshima da Nagasaki cewa abinci ya fi ƙarancin yayin da aka lalata amfanin gona a yankunan da ke kusa da su kuma an yanke rarraba abinci daga wasu sassan Japan sakamakon lalacewar layin dogo, lokacin da samar da amfanin gona ya riga ya ragu a cikin shekarun da suka gabata saboda yaƙi da mummunan yanayi. A yau, kashi 85% na kasashe a duniya suna da ƙananan abinci na gida don ci gaba da rayuwa kuma suna ƙara dogara da hanyoyin cinikin abinci masu alaƙa da abinci don abinci da aka shigo da su.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2014 ya binciki sakamakon rikice-rikice na nahiyar a kan cibiyoyin cinikin alkama da shinkafa wanda zai iya faruwa lokacin da aka rage yawan abinci a duniya, kamar bin babban yakin nukiliya.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> Idan aka yi la'akari da halin da kasashe masu fitarwa ke yi don hana amfanin gonar su a lokutan karancin abinci, tsarin tsinkaya a cikin wannan binciken ya tabbatar da cewa an rage yawan alkama da shinkafa da aka fitar da su tare da asarar hanyoyin fitarwa.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> A takaice dai, marubutan sun gano cewa kasashe mafi ƙarancin ci gaba za su sha wahala saboda asarar shigo da kayayyaki saboda matsalolin kuɗi, kuma asarar hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci zai haifar da yawan jama'a da ke fama da karancin abinci.<ref name="Puma-2014">{{Cite journal |last=Puma |first=Michael |last2=Bose |first2=Satyajit |last3=Chon |first3=So Young |last4=Cook |first4=Benjamin |date=22 May 2014 |title=Assessing the evolving fragility of the global food system |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=10 |issue=2 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024007 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Yunwa ta duniya saboda rikicin nukiliya na yanki == Yawancin binciken da aka yi har zuwa yau game da canjin yanayi na yakin nukiliya da ya haifar yana mai da hankali kan musayar nukiliya mai girma tsakanin Rasha da Amurka na zamani. Koyaya, duniyar bayan Yakin Cold ta haɗa da wasu ƙasashe masu makaman nukiliya - kamar Indiya, Pakistan, da Koriya ta Arewa - waɗanda a halin yanzu suna cikin rikice-rikicen makamai da maƙwabtansu. Idan aka kwatanta da yakin nukiliya na "duniya", rikice-rikicen yanki tsakanin kasashe masu karamin makaman nukiliya zai iya haifar da tasirin yanayi mara kyau. Duk da haka, an yi jayayya cewa sanyaya na duniya wanda ya haifar da irin wannan rikici na iya samun babban tasiri ga aikin gona da tsarin samar da abinci a duk duniya. Nazarin da yawa da Alan Robock na Jami'ar Rutgers ya jagoranta sun bayyana wannan yiwuwar. Binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2007 ta amfani da tsarin yanayi na zamani ya gano cewa musayar nukiliya tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan da ta shafi bama-bamai 100 na Hiroshima (kasa da 0.1% na amfanin fashewa na makaman nukiliya na duniya na yanzu) zai isa ya haifar da sanyaya mai tsanani a duniya. Misali ba wai kawai ya annabta tasirin da ya dace da ra'ayin gargajiya na "tsarin nukiliya" ba, har ma ya ba da shawarar cewa tasirin yanayi zai daɗe fiye da yadda ake tsammani a baya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alan |first=Robock |last2=Luke |first2=Oman |last3=Georgiy |first3=Stenchikov |date=Jul 6, 2007 |title=Nuclear winter revisited with a modern climate model and current nuclear arsenals: Still catastrophic consequences |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=112 |issue=D13 |pages=D13107 |bibcode=2007JGRD..11213107R |doi=10.1029/2006JD008235 |doi-access=}}</ref> Wadannan tasirin na iya haɗawa da canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin yanayin yanayi na yau da kullun, raguwar matsakaicin 10% a cikin ruwan sama a duniya, da kuma "sake sanyaya digiri da yawa ... a kan manyan yankuna na Arewacin Amurka da Eurasia, gami da mafi yawan yankunan da ke girma".<ref name="robock2007a" /> Wani binciken da ya shafi shekarar 2012 ya samo asali ne daga tsarin aikin gona mai ƙarfi don hango hasashen tasirin aikin gona na yakin Indiya da Pakistan. Misali a wannan yanayin ya nuna cewa yakin nukiliya na yanki a kan nahiya daban na iya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin amfanin gona da samar da soya a Amurka ta tsakiya, tare da mafi girman asarar amfanin gona wanda ya faru shekaru biyar bayan taron.<ref name="Oz2012">{{Cite journal |last=Özdoğan |first=Mutlu |last2=Robock |first2=Alan |last3=Kucharik |first3=Christopher J. |date=22 June 2012 |title=Impacts of a nuclear war in South Asia on soybean and maize production in the Midwest United States |journal=Climate Change |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=373–387 |doi=10.1007/s10584-012-0518-1 |s2cid=2837628}}</ref> A cikin shekaru goma bayan taron, an yi hasashen samar da masara zai ragu da matsakaicin 10% da soya da matsakaitan 6-12%, dangane da wurin. Ana sa ran bambancin shekara-shekara zai kasance mai girma, kuma ana iya shafar anomalies a cikin zafin jiki, ruwan sama, da hasken rana. Sauran binciken da suka danganci Robock et al. style Indiya-Pakistan ya yi amfani da wani daban-daban noma model don hango hasashen tasirin kan shinkafa samar a kasar Sin. Bayan la'akari da yanayin yanayi da ayyukan noma na musamman ga larduna daban-daban, an yi hasashen samar da shinkafa zai ragu da matsakaicin 21% na shekaru hudu na farko kuma da kusan 10% na shekaru shida masu zuwa.<ref name="Xia2013">{{Cite journal |last=Xia |first=Lili |last2=Robock |first2=Alan |date=2013 |title=Impacts of a nuclear war in South Asia on rice production in Mainland China |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/XiaRobockNuclearChinaPrint.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Climate Change |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=357–372 |bibcode=2013ClCh..116..357X |doi=10.1007/s10584-012-0475-8 |s2cid=13189109 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317081920/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/XiaRobockNuclearChinaPrint.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref> Duk da yake ana iya aiwatar da matakan daidaitawa (kamar kara shuke-shuke a larduna da ba su da tasiri ko gyare-gyaren taki), waɗannan dabarun sun zo da iyakokinsu da sakamakonsu - gami da ƙarin gurɓata muhalli. Hakanan samar da masara da alkama na kasar Sin na iya shafar.<ref name="Xia2013b">{{Cite web |last=Xia |first=Lili |last2=Mills |first2=Michael |last3=Stenke |first3=Andrea |last4=Helfand |first4=Ira |title=Global famine after a regional nuclear war |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/NWXIA8AR.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312112951/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/NWXIA8AR.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |publisher=Submitted to Earth's Future, 2013}}</ref> Musamman, samar da alkama a bayan irin wannan lamarin na iya raguwa da sama da 50% a cikin shekara ta farko kuma ya ragu da matsakaicin 39% a cikin shekaru 5 na farko. Wani [https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-022-00573-0 sabon binciken] da aka kirkira don kimanta tasirin yunwa saboda [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]] don Jaridar Abinci ta Yanayi. Sun yi la'akari da mummunar tasiri ga tsaron abinci na duniya kuma sun nuna damuwa game da kasashe daban-daban waɗanda suka riga sun sami matsala tare da samun kayan aiki daban-daban a waje da abinci. Wannan binciken ya damu game da yiwuwar ƙurar da ta haifar da musayar nukiliya wanda zai yi kamar waɗanda suka faru a watan Maris za su haifar da matsaloli ga Duniya. Binciken su ya gano cewa Tg 5 na tururi da toka zai isa ya haifar da yunwa. Rashin abinci mai yawa zai kasance wanda dabbobi da samar da abinci na ruwa ba za su iya biyan diyya ba. Matsayin rikicewar yanayi na hanyoyi daban-daban na samar da abinci zai ɗauki rayuka masu yawa a Duniya. Binciken ya kiyasta rayuka biliyan 5 da za a rasa tare da faruwar yunwa ta nukiliya. Don kwatanta, yawan mutanen duniya ya kai biliyan 8 a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2022. Yunwa ta nukiliya za ta zama apocalypse wanda mutane da yawa suka yi imanin ya kamata ya zama damuwa yayin la'akari da makircin siyasa da nukiliya. === Jama'a masu rauni === Likitocin Duniya don Rigakafin Yakin Nukiliya (IPPNW) sun ba da rahoton a cikin 2013 cewa fiye da mutane biliyan biyu za su kasance cikin haɗarin yunwa a yayin da aka iyakance musayar nukiliya, kamar wanda zai iya faruwa tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan, ko kuma ta hanyar amfani da ƙaramin adadin makaman nukiliya da Amurka da Rasha ke riƙe.<ref name="IPPNWStudy">{{Cite web |last=Helfand |first=Ira |title=Nuclear Famine: Two Billion People at Risk? |url=http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-two-billion-at-risk-2013.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405015355/http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-two-billion-at-risk-2013.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War}}</ref><ref name="IPPNWPress">{{Cite web |last=Loretz |first=John |title=Nobel Laureate Warns Two Billion at Risk from Nuclear Famine |url=http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-2013-press-release-english.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203024127/http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-2013-press-release-english.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=IPPNW}}</ref> Wannan rahoto ya jaddada cewa duniya tana cikin yanayin da ke da matukar damuwa ga raguwar samar da abinci. Hakanan, ƙananan canje-canje a matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniya na iya samun babban tasiri a kan amfanin gona. Nazarin aikin gona da ke hango raguwar amfanin gona na Amurka da na kasar Sin na iya zama mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, saboda ba sa la'akari da raguwar ozone ko matsanancin zafin jiki na yau da kullun. Sun ambaci misalin fashewar Dutsen Tambora a cikin 1815, wanda ya haifar da matsakaicin canjin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na -0.7 ° C kawai, amma wanda ya kawo tsakar lokacin rani zuwa jihohin tsakiyar Atlantic <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Stommel H, Stommel E |year=1979 |title=The year without a summer |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_1979-06_240_6/page/176 |journal=Scientific American |volume=240 |issue=6 |pages=176–186 |bibcode=1979SciAm.240f.176S |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0679-176}}</ref> kuma ya haifar da asarar amfanin gona har zuwa 75% a arewacin Turai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Post, J. |year=1983 |title=Climatic change and subsistence crises |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-interdisciplinary-history_summer-1983_14_1/page/153 |journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary History |volume=14 |pages=153–160 |doi=10.2307/203521 |jstor=203521}}</ref>&nbsp; Bugu da kari, marubutan rahoton suna jayayya cewa ƙananan rikice-rikice a cikin wadatar abinci suna da girma sosai ga mutanen da ba su da abinci mai gina jiki. Musamman, kimanin mutane miliyan 800 suna fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, har ma da raguwar kashi 10% a cikin abincin da suke amfani da shi zai sanya su cikin haɗari.<ref name="Hefland2007">{{Cite web |last=Hefland |first=Ira |title=An Assessment of the Extent of Projected Global Famine Resulting From Limited, Regional Nuclear War |url=http://www.psr.org/assets/pdfs/helfandpaper.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110165237/http://www.psr.org/assets/pdfs/helfandpaper.pdf |archive-date=10 November 2015 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=Physicians for Social Responsibility |publisher=Royal Society of Medicine}}</ref> Tsaro na duniya na hatsi na iya zama a matsayin mai karewa ga wannan; duk da haka, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta nuna cewa ajiyar yanzu za ta kasance kusan kwanaki 68-77.<ref name="IPPNWStudy" /> Famines are also often associated with epidemics. Following the Mount Tambora eruption, an 1816 famine in Ireland triggered a [[Shekara Ba tare da bazara ba|typhus epidemic]] in Ireland that spread to much of Europe, and the Bengal famine of 1943 was associated with major localized epidemics of cholera, malaria, smallpox, and dysentery.<ref name="IPPNWStudy" />  Similarly, the vast and crowded megacities of the developing world could see major outbreaks of infectious disease as a secondary result of famine.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2017}} Koyaya, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin takarda da aka buga a cikin mujallar Public Health Reports, yana ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke faruwa cewa cututtukan cututtuka koyaushe suna faruwa bayan bala'i a birane.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jacob B, Mawson AR, Payton M, Guignard JC |year=2008 |title=Disaster mythology and fact: Hurricane Katrina and social attachment |journal=Public Health Rep |volume=123 |issue=5 |pages=555–66 |doi=10.1177/003335490812300505 |pmc=2496928 |pmid=18828410}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.publichealthreports.org/issueopen.cfm?articleID=2091 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827183455/http://www.publichealthreports.org/issueopen.cfm?articleID=2091 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |access-date=2017-12-08}}</ref> {{Blockquote|[[Epidemic]]s seldom occur after a disaster, and dead bodies do not lead to catastrophic outbreaks of [[infectious disease]]s. Intuitively, epidemic diseases, illnesses, and injuries might be expected following major disasters. However, as noted by de Goyet, epidemics seldom occur after disasters, and unless deaths are caused by one of a small number of infectious diseases such as smallpox, typhus, or plague, exposure to dead bodies does not cause disease ... [[Cholera]] and [[typhoid]] seldom pose a major health threat after disasters unless they are already endemic.}} == Dubi kuma == * Bellesrad * [[Tsibiran Mashal|Tsibirin Marshall]] * Yaƙin Cold na II * Kashewa * [[Yanayin tashin duniya|Hadarin bala'i na duniya]] * Holocaust na nukiliya * Ta'addanci na nukiliya * [[Yaƙin Duniya na III]] == Early work == Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko da aka yi don tattauna matsalar rashin daidaito, noma, abinci da wadata shine littafin Herman Kahn na 1960 akan Yaƙin Thermonuclear . Kahn ya yi jayayya cewa yayin da yaƙi gaba ɗaya zai zama "masifa da ba a taɓa gani ba," abincin da ya ɗan gurɓata kaɗan zuwa matsakaici bai kamata a ɓata shi ba domin cin irin wannan abincin da tsofaffi ke yi ba zai haifar da ƙaruwar cutar kansa a cikin wannan rukunin ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, kamar sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar kansa kamar hayakin sigari, cutar kansa ba ta bayyana nan take bayan an fallasa ta ga radiation ko musamman daga tasirin nukiliya ; maimakon haka cutar kansa tana da ƙarancin lokacin jinkiri na kimanin shekaru 5+, wanda binciken Project 4.1 ya goyi bayansa. Saboda wannan dalili ne tsofaffi za su iya cin abinci mai ɗan ƙazanta kaɗan zuwa matsakaici ba tare da wani mummunan tasiri ba, idan akwai, wanda hakan ke ba da damar adana abincin da ba shi da ƙazanta ga ƙananan yara. == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kisfztlu9hzt5fkvd83mdj45w94qmc7 967920 967918 2026-10-15T18:05:16Z Baffa ali 47435 An kirkira ta fassara "Overview" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374387821|Nuclear famine]]" 967920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:In_the_background,_a_Roman_Catholic_cathedral_on_a_hill_in_Nagasaki,_ca._1945_-_NARA_-_519385.tif|thumb|361x361px|Halaka bayan fashewar bam na nukiliya a Nagasaki a shekarar 1945. Yaduwar lalacewa da radiation sakamakon musayar nukiliya na iya rushe samar da aikin gona na duniya ko na yanki.]] '''Yunwa ta nukiliya''' wani yunwa ne da ake tsammani wanda ake la'akari da yiwuwar barazana bayan musayar nukiliya ta duniya ko ta yanki. An yi tunanin cewa ko da tasirin sanyaya mai zurfi wanda ya haifar da musayar nukiliya ta yanki na iya samun tasiri sosai ga samar da aikin gona, wanda ya haifar le rikicin abinci tsakanin wadanda suka tsira a duniya. Duk da yake imani da ra'ayin "tashin [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]]" ya shahara kuma ana [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|muhawara]] sosai, batun yiwuwar rushewar samar da abinci daga fashewa da tasirin fashewa bayan yakin nukiliya ba shi da rikici. An rubuta littattafai da yawa game da batun samar da abinci, gami da kariya ta Fallout, ƙwarewar tsira daga yaƙin nukiliya, Zai Insects Inherit the Earth da Sauran Batutuwa na Damuwa ga Wadanda ke Damuwa da Yaƙin Nukiliya, kuma kwanan nan matsanancin hunturu na nukiliya da [[Tasirin hunturu|Tasirin comet]] wanda ke hana kowa ciyarwa Babu Matter What. Tare da waɗannan matani na gabatarwa, ƙarin kundin hukuma tare da mai da hankali kan ƙungiya, noma, da ilimin rediyo sun haɗa da Abinci a cikin Muhalli na Postattack ta Kamfanin RAND, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pogrund |first=Robert Seymour |year=1966 |title=Nutrition in the postattack environment |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM5052.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128112108/http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM5052.html |archive-date=2015-01-28}}</ref> ci gaba da shirye-shiryen gwamnati don hana yunwa ''A kan sake tsarawa bayan harin nukiliya'', da Rayuwa na Jama'ar da aka tura Amurka. Bayan harin nukaliya ta hanyar lashe kyautar Nobel Wigner, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Survival of the relocated population of the U.S. after a nuclear attack 1976. full PDF |url=http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1976/3445600218921.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207061152/http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1976/3445600218921.pdf |archive-date=February 7, 2017}}</ref> yayin da suka mai da aka mayar da hankali ne kawai kan tasirin radiyo da ake amfani da shi a kan Fallout da shi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Killion |first=D. D. |last2=Constantin |first2=M. J. |date=September 6, 1975 |title=Effects of fallout radiation on crop production |url=http://inis.iaea.org/Search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:7225106 |via=inis.iaea.org |access-date=September 20, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331010427/https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:7225106 |archive-date=March 31, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Shuka masu amfani da su a kan Fallowers na Shuka masu tsire-tsire-tsare da Shuka masu cinyewa a kan wannan Shuka masu aiki a kan Shuka masu guba da Shuka da Shuka a kan Shuke-shuke-shuka masu amfani<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2010 |title=Physical Effects of Nuclear Warfare |url=http://www.fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/7906/790612.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025233527/http://www.fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/7906/790612.pdf |archive-date=2010-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 6, 1965 |title=Defense against radioactive fallout on the farm / [prepared by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with the Atomic Energy Commission, the Office of Civil Defense, and the U.S. Public Health Service.] |url=https://archive.org/details/CAT87205513 |publisher=Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> == Ayyuka na farko == Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko don tattauna matsalar fallout, noma, abinci da wadata shine littafin Herman Kahn na 1960 On Thermonuclear War . Kahn ya yi jayayya cewa yayin da yakin basasa zai zama "babban bala'i", abinci wanda ya ɗan gurbata zuwa matsakaici ba ya buƙatar lalacewa saboda cin irin wannan abinci ta tsofaffi ba zai haifar da karuwar cutar kansa a cikin wannan rukuni. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, kamar sauran cututtukan cututtukani na yau da kullun kamar hayaki na sigari, cututtukansu ba sa fitowa nan da nan bayan fuskantar radiation ko musamman daga Rushewar nukiliya; maimakon haka ciwon daji yana da mafi ƙarancin lokaci na wasu shekaru 5 +, wanda binciken Project 4.1 ke tallafawa. Saboda wannan dalili ne cewa tsofaffi za su iya cin abinci mai ɗanɗano zuwa matsakaici ba tare da wani abu ba, idan akwai, mummunar sakamako, yana ba da damar adana abinci mafi ƙarancin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Daga 1983-1985, a cikin wani lokaci wanda ra'ayi na "tashin [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]]" ya kasance a cikin farkon "apocalyptic" 1-D na kwamfuta, fiye da 300 na jiki, yanayi, aikin gona da muhalli daga sama da kasashe 30 a duniya sun taru don shiga cikin Kwamitin Kimiyya kan Matsalolin Muhalli-Matsalolin Yakin Nukiliya (SCOPE-ENUWAR). Wannan aikin ya kimanta sakamakon duniya na yakin nukiliya, wanda ya haifar da wani littafi mai nau'i biyu mai taken Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War, wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da tasirin jiki, yanayi, muhalli da aikin gona na babban yakin nukiliyar. A cikin littafin, an yi hasashen cewa biliyoyin wadanda suka tsira a bayan yakin nukiliya, har ma a cikin ƙasashe marasa gwagwarmaya, ''zai iya'' fuskantar raguwar abinci (idan ba a ci gaba da matakan gwamnati ba) wanda ke jefa wadanda suka tsira cikin "matakan rashin abinci mai gina jiki da yunwa," kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, "karamin ɓangare na yawan mutanen duniya na yanzu zasu iya tsammanin tsira da 'yan shekaru". Za'a iya shigar da matakai da yawa wanda ke haifar da karancin abinci a duniya. Don farawa, amfanin gona, kayan adanawa da kayan aikin gona kamar taki da magungunan kashe kwari za a iya lalata su nan take a cikin fashewar nukiliya; gurɓataccen nukiliya na ƙasa, iska da ruwa na iya sa abinci ba shi da aminci don ci, kuma amfanin gona ba zai iya girma yadda ya kamata ba; kuma gobarar da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba na iya hana aikin gona na yau da kullun ko ayyukan tattara abinci. Masana sun yi hasashen cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko da suka biyo bayan yakin nukiliya, matakai masu rikitarwa, kamar su gurgunta tattalin arzikin duniya da tsarin kasuwanci, rushewar hanyoyin sufuri da rarraba abinci na duniya, asarar fitarwa da shigo da kayayyaki, matsanancin damuwa game da yanayin yanayi a kan tsarin agroecosystems, da rikice-rikice da rikice a cikin al'umma na iya haifar da kara matsalar karancin abinci.<ref name="nuclearfamine">Harwell, M., and C. Harwell. (1986). "Nuclear Famine: The Indirect Effects of Nuclear War", pp. 117–135 in Solomon, F. and R. Marston (Eds.). ''The Medical Implications of Nuclear War''. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. {{ISBN|0309036925}}.</ref> Bayan wallafawar ''Sakamakon muhalli na Yaƙin Nukiliya'', ƙarin karatu sun fito ne bisa ga ƙira da nazarin musayar nukiliya tsakanin kasashe masu makaman nukiliya. Sakamakon waɗannan binciken ya nuna cewa yaƙin nukiliya hanya ce mai lalacewa zuwa yunwa mai yawa, kuma ya sake maimaita sanarwa da aka yi a cikin The Medical Implications of Nuclear War, wani littafi na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa, cewa "babban hanyar mutuwar mutane ba zai kasance daga tasirin fashewa ba, ba daga ƙonewar radiation ba, kuma ba daga radiation na ionizing ba, amma, maimakon haka, daga yunwa mai girma". Duk da yake jimlar adadin makaman nukiliya na duniya ya ragu da kashi biyu bisa uku bayan Yarjejeniyar Rage Makamai ta Amurka da Soviet (START) idan aka kwatanta da farkon 80s, wasu masana suna jin cewa haɗarin rikice-rikicen nukiliya bai ragu ba, amma a maimakon haka ya karu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda Yaduwar nukiliya yayin da wasu kasashe kamar Indiya, Pakistan, da Koriya ta Arewa yanzu suna da makaman nukiliya, suna kara haɗarin rikice-rikicen nukiliya na yanki. Girman tashin hankali na soja, hatsarori, sabotages da hare-haren yanar gizo duk suna iya haifar da babbar matsalar nukiliya da yanki, idan ba yunwa ta duniya ba. == Tasirin hunturu na nukiliya akan tsarin agroecosystems == Dangane da binciken da ba daidai ba da aka yi a farkon shekarun 1980, an yi hasashen cewa yakin nukiliya na Amurka da Soviet zai tsara hayaki mai yawa a cikin yanayi wanda watanni zuwa shekaru na "takarda ta nukiliya" zai iya faruwa kuma ya kawo duk wani aikin noma a Arewacin Hemisphere zuwa tsayawa mai tsanani. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Richard |first=Turco |last2=Owen |first2=Toon |last3=Thomas |first3=Ackerman |last4=James |first4=Pollack |last5=Carl |first5=Sagan |date=Dec 23, 1983 |title=Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions |journal=Science |volume=222 |issue=460 |pages=1283–92 |bibcode=1983Sci...222.1283T |doi=10.1126/science.222.4630.1283 |pmid=17773320 |s2cid=45515251}}</ref> Wannan ya kasance a saman [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|damuwa mai yawa]] game da ci gaban hayaki mai guba na ozone a duniya daga fashewar nukiliya mai ƙarfi, wanda aka tsara don kawo yanayin muhalli don rushewa ga tsire-tsire na ƙasa da tsire-tire na ruwa don yadawa, irin wannan amfanin gona da girbi na ruwa za su shafi mummunan rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Hampson's warnings of disaster |url=https://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/88Hampson.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130145905/http://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/88Hampson.html |archive-date=November 30, 2014 |website=www.bmartin.cc}}</ref> Masana ilimin halittu sun daɗe suna nazarin cewa dalilai da yawa da suka taso daga "tsarin hunturu na nukiliya" za su haifar da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga aikin gona. Misali, yaƙin nukiliya a cikin lokutan girma na iya haifar da abubuwan da suka faru na kwatsam na zafin jiki (-10 digiri Celsius ko fiye) na kwanaki zuwa makonni, kuma yana jawo bayanai daga "[[Shekara Ba tare da bazara ba|shekara ba tare da bazara ba]]" a cikin 1816, abubuwan da suka shafi daskarewa suna iya lalata amfanin gona mai yawa.<ref name="nuclearfamine" /> Bugu da kari, za a iya taƙaita lokacin girma, kamar yadda Robock et al. suka ruwaito, waɗanda suka lissafa cewa yakin nukiliya na yanki tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan zai rage lokacin girma ba tare da daskarewa ba a Arewa da Kudancin Hemispheres na shekaru da yawa kuma ya lalata kayan aikin gona yayin da amfanin gona ba su da isasshen lokaci don isa ga balaga.<ref name="robock2007a">{{Cite journal |last=Alan |first=Robock |last2=Luke |first2=Oman |last3=Georgiy |first3=Stenchikov |last4=Charles |first4=Bardeen |last5=Richard |first5=Turco |date=Apr 19, 2007 |title=Climatic consequences of regional nuclear conflicts |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-2003-2007.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=2003–2012 |bibcode=2007ACP.....7.2003R |doi=10.5194/acp-7-2003-2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629153655/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-2003-2007.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-29 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sabanin haka, yanayin halittu na ruwa, babban mai samar da abinci ga al'ummomin mutane, ba su da haɗari ga faduwar zafin jiki kwatsam. Koyaya, suna da matukar damuwa ga rage hasken rana da ya faru da kuma karuwar matakin radiation na UV-B.<ref name="nuclearfamine" /> A yayin babban yakin nukiliya, an yi hasashen raguwar kashi 25% kawai a cikin ozone don haifar da ingantaccen radiation na UV-B wanda ke rage photosynthesis a cikin Yankin euphotic da kashi 35%, kuma a cikin dukan yankin euphhotic da 10% (yanki na euphoic yana nufin zurfin teku tare da matakan haske isasshen don photosynthèse mai aiki). Tare da raguwar haske da ke akwai don photosynthesis, yawan phytoplankton sun kasance a cikin littafin 1985 da ake sa ran faduwa, kuma masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa mafi yawan phytoplanktton da herbivorous zooplanktons (wanda ke ciyar da phytoplanctons) a cikin fiye da rabin Tekun Arewacin Hemisphere zai mutu. Ƙarin kimantawa na zamani game da yiwuwar matsalolin ozone da ke tasowa daga ƙwallon nukiliya sun ƙayyade waɗannan zato na baya ba su da tushe. A cewar [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSDNET/0,,contentMDK:23168627~pagePK:64885161~piPK:64884432~theSitePK:5929282,00.html Bankin Duniya], teku tana ba da yawan jama'ar duniya da kashi 16% na furotin da suke cinyewa; saboda an gina sarkar abinci na ruwa a kan photosynthesis na phytoplanktons, manyan yaƙe-yaƙe na nukiliya, [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|a cikin waɗannan samfuran 1980s da littattafai]], an dauke su a matsayin ba da gangan ba da kuma suna shafar miliyoyin, idan ba biliyoyin mutanen da suka dogara da teku don abinci ba. == Tasirin yaƙin nukiliya akan rarraba abinci == Baya ga mummunan tasirin da ke faruwa a kan tsarin agroecosystems, abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na yaki da lalacewar nukiliya suma suna da tasiri mai zurfi akan wadatar abinci. An lura a bayan fashewar bam din nukiliya a Hiroshima da Nagasaki cewa abinci ya fi ƙarancin yayin da aka lalata amfanin gona a yankunan da ke kusa da su kuma an yanke rarraba abinci daga wasu sassan Japan sakamakon lalacewar layin dogo, lokacin da samar da amfanin gona ya riga ya ragu a cikin shekarun da suka gabata saboda yaƙi da mummunan yanayi. A yau, kashi 85% na kasashe a duniya suna da ƙananan abinci na gida don ci gaba da rayuwa kuma suna ƙara dogara da hanyoyin cinikin abinci masu alaƙa da abinci don abinci da aka shigo da su.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2014 ya binciki sakamakon rikice-rikice na nahiyar a kan cibiyoyin cinikin alkama da shinkafa wanda zai iya faruwa lokacin da aka rage yawan abinci a duniya, kamar bin babban yakin nukiliya.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> Idan aka yi la'akari da halin da kasashe masu fitarwa ke yi don hana amfanin gonar su a lokutan karancin abinci, tsarin tsinkaya a cikin wannan binciken ya tabbatar da cewa an rage yawan alkama da shinkafa da aka fitar da su tare da asarar hanyoyin fitarwa.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> A takaice dai, marubutan sun gano cewa kasashe mafi ƙarancin ci gaba za su sha wahala saboda asarar shigo da kayayyaki saboda matsalolin kuɗi, kuma asarar hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci zai haifar da yawan jama'a da ke fama da karancin abinci.<ref name="Puma-2014">{{Cite journal |last=Puma |first=Michael |last2=Bose |first2=Satyajit |last3=Chon |first3=So Young |last4=Cook |first4=Benjamin |date=22 May 2014 |title=Assessing the evolving fragility of the global food system |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=10 |issue=2 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024007 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Yunwa ta duniya saboda rikicin nukiliya na yanki == Yawancin binciken da aka yi har zuwa yau game da canjin yanayi na yakin nukiliya da ya haifar yana mai da hankali kan musayar nukiliya mai girma tsakanin Rasha da Amurka na zamani. Koyaya, duniyar bayan Yakin Cold ta haɗa da wasu ƙasashe masu makaman nukiliya - kamar Indiya, Pakistan, da Koriya ta Arewa - waɗanda a halin yanzu suna cikin rikice-rikicen makamai da maƙwabtansu. Idan aka kwatanta da yakin nukiliya na "duniya", rikice-rikicen yanki tsakanin kasashe masu karamin makaman nukiliya zai iya haifar da tasirin yanayi mara kyau. Duk da haka, an yi jayayya cewa sanyaya na duniya wanda ya haifar da irin wannan rikici na iya samun babban tasiri ga aikin gona da tsarin samar da abinci a duk duniya. Nazarin da yawa da Alan Robock na Jami'ar Rutgers ya jagoranta sun bayyana wannan yiwuwar. Binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2007 ta amfani da tsarin yanayi na zamani ya gano cewa musayar nukiliya tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan da ta shafi bama-bamai 100 na Hiroshima (kasa da 0.1% na amfanin fashewa na makaman nukiliya na duniya na yanzu) zai isa ya haifar da sanyaya mai tsanani a duniya. Misali ba wai kawai ya annabta tasirin da ya dace da ra'ayin gargajiya na "tsarin nukiliya" ba, har ma ya ba da shawarar cewa tasirin yanayi zai daɗe fiye da yadda ake tsammani a baya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alan |first=Robock |last2=Luke |first2=Oman |last3=Georgiy |first3=Stenchikov |date=Jul 6, 2007 |title=Nuclear winter revisited with a modern climate model and current nuclear arsenals: Still catastrophic consequences |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=112 |issue=D13 |pages=D13107 |bibcode=2007JGRD..11213107R |doi=10.1029/2006JD008235 |doi-access=}}</ref> Wadannan tasirin na iya haɗawa da canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin yanayin yanayi na yau da kullun, raguwar matsakaicin 10% a cikin ruwan sama a duniya, da kuma "sake sanyaya digiri da yawa ... a kan manyan yankuna na Arewacin Amurka da Eurasia, gami da mafi yawan yankunan da ke girma".<ref name="robock2007a" /> Wani binciken da ya shafi shekarar 2012 ya samo asali ne daga tsarin aikin gona mai ƙarfi don hango hasashen tasirin aikin gona na yakin Indiya da Pakistan. Misali a wannan yanayin ya nuna cewa yakin nukiliya na yanki a kan nahiya daban na iya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin amfanin gona da samar da soya a Amurka ta tsakiya, tare da mafi girman asarar amfanin gona wanda ya faru shekaru biyar bayan taron.<ref name="Oz2012">{{Cite journal |last=Özdoğan |first=Mutlu |last2=Robock |first2=Alan |last3=Kucharik |first3=Christopher J. |date=22 June 2012 |title=Impacts of a nuclear war in South Asia on soybean and maize production in the Midwest United States |journal=Climate Change |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=373–387 |doi=10.1007/s10584-012-0518-1 |s2cid=2837628}}</ref> A cikin shekaru goma bayan taron, an yi hasashen samar da masara zai ragu da matsakaicin 10% da soya da matsakaitan 6-12%, dangane da wurin. Ana sa ran bambancin shekara-shekara zai kasance mai girma, kuma ana iya shafar anomalies a cikin zafin jiki, ruwan sama, da hasken rana. Sauran binciken da suka danganci Robock et al. style Indiya-Pakistan ya yi amfani da wani daban-daban noma model don hango hasashen tasirin kan shinkafa samar a kasar Sin. Bayan la'akari da yanayin yanayi da ayyukan noma na musamman ga larduna daban-daban, an yi hasashen samar da shinkafa zai ragu da matsakaicin 21% na shekaru hudu na farko kuma da kusan 10% na shekaru shida masu zuwa.<ref name="Xia2013">{{Cite journal |last=Xia |first=Lili |last2=Robock |first2=Alan |date=2013 |title=Impacts of a nuclear war in South Asia on rice production in Mainland China |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/XiaRobockNuclearChinaPrint.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Climate Change |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=357–372 |bibcode=2013ClCh..116..357X |doi=10.1007/s10584-012-0475-8 |s2cid=13189109 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317081920/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/XiaRobockNuclearChinaPrint.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref> Duk da yake ana iya aiwatar da matakan daidaitawa (kamar kara shuke-shuke a larduna da ba su da tasiri ko gyare-gyaren taki), waɗannan dabarun sun zo da iyakokinsu da sakamakonsu - gami da ƙarin gurɓata muhalli. Hakanan samar da masara da alkama na kasar Sin na iya shafar.<ref name="Xia2013b">{{Cite web |last=Xia |first=Lili |last2=Mills |first2=Michael |last3=Stenke |first3=Andrea |last4=Helfand |first4=Ira |title=Global famine after a regional nuclear war |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/NWXIA8AR.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312112951/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/NWXIA8AR.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |publisher=Submitted to Earth's Future, 2013}}</ref> Musamman, samar da alkama a bayan irin wannan lamarin na iya raguwa da sama da 50% a cikin shekara ta farko kuma ya ragu da matsakaicin 39% a cikin shekaru 5 na farko. Wani [https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-022-00573-0 sabon binciken] da aka kirkira don kimanta tasirin yunwa saboda [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]] don Jaridar Abinci ta Yanayi. Sun yi la'akari da mummunar tasiri ga tsaron abinci na duniya kuma sun nuna damuwa game da kasashe daban-daban waɗanda suka riga sun sami matsala tare da samun kayan aiki daban-daban a waje da abinci. Wannan binciken ya damu game da yiwuwar ƙurar da ta haifar da musayar nukiliya wanda zai yi kamar waɗanda suka faru a watan Maris za su haifar da matsaloli ga Duniya. Binciken su ya gano cewa Tg 5 na tururi da toka zai isa ya haifar da yunwa. Rashin abinci mai yawa zai kasance wanda dabbobi da samar da abinci na ruwa ba za su iya biyan diyya ba. Matsayin rikicewar yanayi na hanyoyi daban-daban na samar da abinci zai ɗauki rayuka masu yawa a Duniya. Binciken ya kiyasta rayuka biliyan 5 da za a rasa tare da faruwar yunwa ta nukiliya. Don kwatanta, yawan mutanen duniya ya kai biliyan 8 a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2022. Yunwa ta nukiliya za ta zama apocalypse wanda mutane da yawa suka yi imanin ya kamata ya zama damuwa yayin la'akari da makircin siyasa da nukiliya. === Jama'a masu rauni === Likitocin Duniya don Rigakafin Yakin Nukiliya (IPPNW) sun ba da rahoton a cikin 2013 cewa fiye da mutane biliyan biyu za su kasance cikin haɗarin yunwa a yayin da aka iyakance musayar nukiliya, kamar wanda zai iya faruwa tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan, ko kuma ta hanyar amfani da ƙaramin adadin makaman nukiliya da Amurka da Rasha ke riƙe.<ref name="IPPNWStudy">{{Cite web |last=Helfand |first=Ira |title=Nuclear Famine: Two Billion People at Risk? |url=http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-two-billion-at-risk-2013.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405015355/http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-two-billion-at-risk-2013.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War}}</ref><ref name="IPPNWPress">{{Cite web |last=Loretz |first=John |title=Nobel Laureate Warns Two Billion at Risk from Nuclear Famine |url=http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-2013-press-release-english.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203024127/http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-2013-press-release-english.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=IPPNW}}</ref> Wannan rahoto ya jaddada cewa duniya tana cikin yanayin da ke da matukar damuwa ga raguwar samar da abinci. Hakanan, ƙananan canje-canje a matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniya na iya samun babban tasiri a kan amfanin gona. Nazarin aikin gona da ke hango raguwar amfanin gona na Amurka da na kasar Sin na iya zama mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, saboda ba sa la'akari da raguwar ozone ko matsanancin zafin jiki na yau da kullun. Sun ambaci misalin fashewar Dutsen Tambora a cikin 1815, wanda ya haifar da matsakaicin canjin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na -0.7 ° C kawai, amma wanda ya kawo tsakar lokacin rani zuwa jihohin tsakiyar Atlantic <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Stommel H, Stommel E |year=1979 |title=The year without a summer |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_1979-06_240_6/page/176 |journal=Scientific American |volume=240 |issue=6 |pages=176–186 |bibcode=1979SciAm.240f.176S |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0679-176}}</ref> kuma ya haifar da asarar amfanin gona har zuwa 75% a arewacin Turai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Post, J. |year=1983 |title=Climatic change and subsistence crises |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-interdisciplinary-history_summer-1983_14_1/page/153 |journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary History |volume=14 |pages=153–160 |doi=10.2307/203521 |jstor=203521}}</ref>&nbsp; Bugu da kari, marubutan rahoton suna jayayya cewa ƙananan rikice-rikice a cikin wadatar abinci suna da girma sosai ga mutanen da ba su da abinci mai gina jiki. Musamman, kimanin mutane miliyan 800 suna fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, har ma da raguwar kashi 10% a cikin abincin da suke amfani da shi zai sanya su cikin haɗari.<ref name="Hefland2007">{{Cite web |last=Hefland |first=Ira |title=An Assessment of the Extent of Projected Global Famine Resulting From Limited, Regional Nuclear War |url=http://www.psr.org/assets/pdfs/helfandpaper.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110165237/http://www.psr.org/assets/pdfs/helfandpaper.pdf |archive-date=10 November 2015 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=Physicians for Social Responsibility |publisher=Royal Society of Medicine}}</ref> Tsaro na duniya na hatsi na iya zama a matsayin mai karewa ga wannan; duk da haka, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta nuna cewa ajiyar yanzu za ta kasance kusan kwanaki 68-77.<ref name="IPPNWStudy" /> Famines are also often associated with epidemics. Following the Mount Tambora eruption, an 1816 famine in Ireland triggered a [[Shekara Ba tare da bazara ba|typhus epidemic]] in Ireland that spread to much of Europe, and the Bengal famine of 1943 was associated with major localized epidemics of cholera, malaria, smallpox, and dysentery.<ref name="IPPNWStudy" />  Similarly, the vast and crowded megacities of the developing world could see major outbreaks of infectious disease as a secondary result of famine.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2017}} Koyaya, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin takarda da aka buga a cikin mujallar Public Health Reports, yana ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke faruwa cewa cututtukan cututtuka koyaushe suna faruwa bayan bala'i a birane.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jacob B, Mawson AR, Payton M, Guignard JC |year=2008 |title=Disaster mythology and fact: Hurricane Katrina and social attachment |journal=Public Health Rep |volume=123 |issue=5 |pages=555–66 |doi=10.1177/003335490812300505 |pmc=2496928 |pmid=18828410}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.publichealthreports.org/issueopen.cfm?articleID=2091 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827183455/http://www.publichealthreports.org/issueopen.cfm?articleID=2091 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |access-date=2017-12-08}}</ref> {{Blockquote|[[Epidemic]]s seldom occur after a disaster, and dead bodies do not lead to catastrophic outbreaks of [[infectious disease]]s. Intuitively, epidemic diseases, illnesses, and injuries might be expected following major disasters. However, as noted by de Goyet, epidemics seldom occur after disasters, and unless deaths are caused by one of a small number of infectious diseases such as smallpox, typhus, or plague, exposure to dead bodies does not cause disease ... [[Cholera]] and [[typhoid]] seldom pose a major health threat after disasters unless they are already endemic.}} == Dubi kuma == * Bellesrad * [[Tsibiran Mashal|Tsibirin Marshall]] * Yaƙin Cold na II * Kashewa * [[Yanayin tashin duniya|Hadarin bala'i na duniya]] * Holocaust na nukiliya * Ta'addanci na nukiliya * [[Yaƙin Duniya na III]] == Early work == Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko da aka yi don tattauna matsalar rashin daidaito, noma, abinci da wadata shine littafin Herman Kahn na 1960 akan Yaƙin Thermonuclear . Kahn ya yi jayayya cewa yayin da yaƙi gaba ɗaya zai zama "masifa da ba a taɓa gani ba," abincin da ya ɗan gurɓata kaɗan zuwa matsakaici bai kamata a ɓata shi ba domin cin irin wannan abincin da tsofaffi ke yi ba zai haifar da ƙaruwar cutar kansa a cikin wannan rukunin ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, kamar sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar kansa kamar hayakin sigari, cutar kansa ba ta bayyana nan take bayan an fallasa ta ga radiation ko musamman daga tasirin nukiliya ; maimakon haka cutar kansa tana da ƙarancin lokacin jinkiri na kimanin shekaru 5+, wanda binciken Project 4.1 ya goyi bayansa. Saboda wannan dalili ne tsofaffi za su iya cin abinci mai ɗan ƙazanta kaɗan zuwa matsakaici ba tare da wani mummunan tasiri ba, idan akwai, wanda hakan ke ba da damar adana abincin da ba shi da ƙazanta ga ƙananan yara. == Dubawa == Daga 1983-1985, a cikin lokacin da hasashen " [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturun nukiliya]] " ya kasance a farkon [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|matakin samfurin kwamfuta na 1-D na "apocalyptic"]], masana kimiyya sama da 300 na zahiri, yanayi, noma da muhalli daga ƙasashe sama da 30 a faɗin duniya sun haɗu don shiga aikin Kwamitin Kimiyya kan Matsalolin Muhalli-Tasirin Muhalli na Yaƙin Nukiliya (SCOPE-ENUWAR). Wannan aikin ya tantance illolin yaƙin nukiliya a duniya baki ɗaya, wanda ya haifar da wani littafi mai jigo biyu mai taken ''Muhalli Sakamakon Yaƙin Nukiliya'', wanda ya yi cikakken bayani game da tasirin zahiri, yanayi, muhalli da noma na babban yaƙin nukiliya. A cikin littafin, an yi hasashen cewa biliyoyin waɗanda suka tsira bayan yaƙin nukiliya, har ma a ƙasashen da ba sa yaƙi, ''za su iya'' fuskantar raguwar wadatar abinci (idan ba a ɗauki matakan da gwamnati ke ɗauka don magance matsalar ba) wanda ke jefa waɗanda suka tsira cikin "matsanancin rashin abinci mai gina jiki da yunwa," kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, "ƙananan ƙalilan ne kawai na al'ummar duniya ta yanzu za su iya tsammanin su rayu shekaru kaɗan". Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da za su iya haifar da ƙarancin abinci mai yawa a faɗin duniya. Da farko, amfanin gona, abinci da kayan aikin noma da aka adana kamar taki da magungunan kashe kwari za a iya lalata su nan take a cikin fashewar makaman nukiliya; gurɓatar da makaman nukiliya na ƙasa, iska da ruwa na iya sa abinci ya zama mara aminci a ci, kuma amfanin gona ba za su iya girma yadda ya kamata ba; kuma gobarar da ba za a iya shawo kanta ba na iya kawo cikas ga ayyukan noma ko tara abinci na yau da kullun. Masana sun yi hasashen cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko da suka biyo bayan yakin nukiliya, tsare-tsare masu rikitarwa, kamar gurgunta tattalin arzikin duniya da tsarin kasuwanci, rugujewar hanyoyin sufuri da rarraba abinci na duniya, asarar abubuwan ƙarfafawa da shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje, matsanancin matsin lamba kan tsarin noma, da kuma rudani da katsewar da ke tattare da shi a cikin al'umma na iya haifar da ƙara matsalar ƙarancin abinci. <ref name="nuclearfamine">Harwell, M., and C. Harwell. (1986). "Nuclear Famine: The Indirect Effects of Nuclear War", pp. 117–135 in Solomon, F. and R. Marston (Eds.). ''The Medical Implications of Nuclear War''. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. {{ISBN|0309036925}}.</ref> Bayan wallafa littafin " ''Ilamomin Muhalli na Yaƙin Nukiliya"'', an sami ƙarin bincike dangane da ƙira da kuma nazarin musayar makaman nukiliya tsakanin ƙasashe masu makaman nukiliya. Kammalawar waɗannan binciken ya nuna cewa yaƙin nukiliya hanya ce ta halaka kai zuwa ga yunwar jama'a, kuma ya yi daidai da bayanin da aka yi a cikin ''The Medical Implications of Nuclear War'', wani littafi da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta buga, cewa "babban hanyar da ke haifar da mutuwar mutane ba za ta kasance daga tasirin fashewa ba, ba daga ƙonewar radiation mai zafi ba, kuma ba daga radiation mai ionizing ba, amma, maimakon haka, daga yunwar jama'a". Duk da cewa jimillar makaman nukiliya a duniya ya ragu da kashi biyu bisa uku bayan yarjejeniyar rage makamai ta dabarun Amurka da Tarayyar Soviet (START) idan aka kwatanta da farkon shekarun 80, wasu kwararru na ganin cewa barazanar rikicin nukiliya ba ta ragu ba, amma ta karu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yaduwar makaman nukiliya yayin da ƙasashe da yawa kamar Indiya, Pakistan, da Koriya ta Arewa ke da makaman nukiliya, wanda hakan ke ƙara haɗarin rikice-rikicen nukiliya a yankin. Ƙara yawan tashin hankalin soja, haɗurra, ɓarna da hare-haren yanar gizo duk suna iya haifar da babban cikas ga nukiliya da kuma yunwar yanki, idan ba a yi la'akari da ita ba a duniya. == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bmx0275h364x9ojq4lln4ahx1sjbo31 967924 967920 2026-10-15T18:14:01Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Bayani na gaba ɗaya */ 967924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:In_the_background,_a_Roman_Catholic_cathedral_on_a_hill_in_Nagasaki,_ca._1945_-_NARA_-_519385.tif|thumb|361x361px|Halaka bayan fashewar bam na nukiliya a Nagasaki a shekarar 1945. Yaduwar lalacewa da radiation sakamakon musayar nukiliya na iya rushe samar da aikin gona na duniya ko na yanki.]] '''Yunwa ta nukiliya''' wani yunwa ne da ake tsammani wanda ake la'akari da yiwuwar barazana bayan musayar nukiliya ta duniya ko ta yanki. An yi tunanin cewa ko da tasirin sanyaya mai zurfi wanda ya haifar da musayar nukiliya ta yanki na iya samun tasiri sosai ga samar da aikin gona, wanda ya haifar le rikicin abinci tsakanin wadanda suka tsira a duniya. Duk da yake imani da ra'ayin "tashin [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]]" ya shahara kuma ana [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|muhawara]] sosai, batun yiwuwar rushewar samar da abinci daga fashewa da tasirin fashewa bayan yakin nukiliya ba shi da rikici. An rubuta littattafai da yawa game da batun samar da abinci, gami da kariya ta Fallout, ƙwarewar tsira daga yaƙin nukiliya, Zai Insects Inherit the Earth da Sauran Batutuwa na Damuwa ga Wadanda ke Damuwa da Yaƙin Nukiliya, kuma kwanan nan matsanancin hunturu na nukiliya da [[Tasirin hunturu|Tasirin comet]] wanda ke hana kowa ciyarwa Babu Matter What. Tare da waɗannan matani na gabatarwa, ƙarin kundin hukuma tare da mai da hankali kan ƙungiya, noma, da ilimin rediyo sun haɗa da Abinci a cikin Muhalli na Postattack ta Kamfanin RAND, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pogrund |first=Robert Seymour |year=1966 |title=Nutrition in the postattack environment |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM5052.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128112108/http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM5052.html |archive-date=2015-01-28}}</ref> ci gaba da shirye-shiryen gwamnati don hana yunwa ''A kan sake tsarawa bayan harin nukiliya'', da Rayuwa na Jama'ar da aka tura Amurka. Bayan harin nukaliya ta hanyar lashe kyautar Nobel Wigner, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Survival of the relocated population of the U.S. after a nuclear attack 1976. full PDF |url=http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1976/3445600218921.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207061152/http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1976/3445600218921.pdf |archive-date=February 7, 2017}}</ref> yayin da suka mai da aka mayar da hankali ne kawai kan tasirin radiyo da ake amfani da shi a kan Fallout da shi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Killion |first=D. D. |last2=Constantin |first2=M. J. |date=September 6, 1975 |title=Effects of fallout radiation on crop production |url=http://inis.iaea.org/Search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:7225106 |via=inis.iaea.org |access-date=September 20, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331010427/https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:7225106 |archive-date=March 31, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Shuka masu amfani da su a kan Fallowers na Shuka masu tsire-tsire-tsare da Shuka masu cinyewa a kan wannan Shuka masu aiki a kan Shuka masu guba da Shuka da Shuka a kan Shuke-shuke-shuka masu amfani<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2010 |title=Physical Effects of Nuclear Warfare |url=http://www.fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/7906/790612.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025233527/http://www.fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/7906/790612.pdf |archive-date=2010-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 6, 1965 |title=Defense against radioactive fallout on the farm / [prepared by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with the Atomic Energy Commission, the Office of Civil Defense, and the U.S. Public Health Service.] |url=https://archive.org/details/CAT87205513 |publisher=Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> == Ayyuka na farko == Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko don tattauna matsalar fallout, noma, abinci da wadata shine littafin Herman Kahn na 1960 On Thermonuclear War . Kahn ya yi jayayya cewa yayin da yakin basasa zai zama "babban bala'i", abinci wanda ya ɗan gurbata zuwa matsakaici ba ya buƙatar lalacewa saboda cin irin wannan abinci ta tsofaffi ba zai haifar da karuwar cutar kansa a cikin wannan rukuni. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, kamar sauran cututtukan cututtukani na yau da kullun kamar hayaki na sigari, cututtukansu ba sa fitowa nan da nan bayan fuskantar radiation ko musamman daga Rushewar nukiliya; maimakon haka ciwon daji yana da mafi ƙarancin lokaci na wasu shekaru 5 +, wanda binciken Project 4.1 ke tallafawa. Saboda wannan dalili ne cewa tsofaffi za su iya cin abinci mai ɗanɗano zuwa matsakaici ba tare da wani abu ba, idan akwai, mummunar sakamako, yana ba da damar adana abinci mafi ƙarancin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Daga shekara ta alif 1983-1985, a cikin wani lokaci wanda ra'ayi na "tashin [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]]" ya kasance a cikin farkon "apocalyptic" 1-D na kwamfuta, fiye da 300 na jiki, yanayi, aikin gona da muhalli daga sama da kasashe 30 a duniya sun taru don shiga cikin Kwamitin Kimiyya kan Matsalolin Muhalli-Matsalolin Yakin Nukiliya (SCOPE-ENUWAR). Wannan aikin ya kimanta sakamakon duniya na yakin nukiliya, wanda ya haifar da wani littafi mai nau'i biyu mai taken Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War, wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da tasirin jiki, yanayi, muhalli da aikin gona na babban yakin nukiliyar. A cikin littafin, an yi hasashen cewa biliyoyin wadanda suka tsira a bayan yakin nukiliya, har ma a cikin ƙasashe marasa gwagwarmaya, ''zai iya'' fuskantar raguwar abinci (idan ba a ci gaba da matakan gwamnati ba) wanda ke jefa wadanda suka tsira cikin "matakan rashin abinci mai gina jiki da yunwa," kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, "karamin ɓangare na yawan mutanen duniya na yanzu zasu iya tsammanin tsira da 'yan shekaru". Za'a iya shigar da matakai da yawa wanda ke haifar da karancin abinci a duniya. Don farawa, amfanin gona, kayan adanawa da kayan aikin gona kamar taki da magungunan kashe kwari za a iya lalata su nan take a cikin fashewar nukiliya; gurɓataccen nukiliya na ƙasa, iska da ruwa na iya sa abinci ba shi da aminci don ci, kuma amfanin gona ba zai iya girma yadda ya kamata ba; kuma gobarar da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba na iya hana aikin gona na yau da kullun ko ayyukan tattara abinci. Masana sun yi hasashen cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko da suka biyo bayan yakin nukiliya, matakai masu rikitarwa, kamar su gurgunta tattalin arzikin duniya da tsarin kasuwanci, rushewar hanyoyin sufuri da rarraba abinci na duniya, asarar fitarwa da shigo da kayayyaki, matsanancin damuwa game da yanayin yanayi a kan tsarin agroecosystems, da rikice-rikice da rikice a cikin al'umma na iya haifar da kara matsalar karancin abinci.<ref name="nuclearfamine">Harwell, M., and C. Harwell. (1986). "Nuclear Famine: The Indirect Effects of Nuclear War", pp. 117–135 in Solomon, F. and R. Marston (Eds.). ''The Medical Implications of Nuclear War''. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. {{ISBN|0309036925}}.</ref> Bayan wallafawar ''Sakamakon muhalli na Yaƙin Nukiliya'', ƙarin karatu sun fito ne bisa ga ƙira da nazarin musayar nukiliya tsakanin kasashe masu makaman nukiliya. Sakamakon waɗannan binciken ya nuna cewa yaƙin nukiliya hanya ce mai lalacewa zuwa yunwa mai yawa, kuma ya sake maimaita sanarwa da aka yi a cikin The Medical Implications of Nuclear War, wani littafi na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa, cewa "babban hanyar mutuwar mutane ba zai kasance daga tasirin fashewa ba, ba daga ƙonewar radiation ba, kuma ba daga radiation na ionizing ba, amma, maimakon haka, daga yunwa mai girma". Duk da yake jimlar adadin makaman nukiliya na duniya ya ragu da kashi biyu bisa uku bayan Yarjejeniyar Rage Makamai ta Amurka da Soviet (START) idan aka kwatanta da farkon 80s, wasu masana suna jin cewa haɗarin rikice-rikicen nukiliya bai ragu ba, amma a maimakon haka ya karu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda Yaduwar nukiliya yayin da wasu kasashe kamar Indiya, Pakistan, da Koriya ta Arewa yanzu suna da makaman nukiliya, suna kara haɗarin rikice-rikicen nukiliya na yanki. Girman tashin hankali na soja, hatsarori, sabotages da hare-haren yanar gizo duk suna iya haifar da babbar matsalar nukiliya da yanki, idan ba yunwa ta duniya ba. == Tasirin hunturu na nukiliya akan tsarin agroecosystems == Dangane da binciken da ba daidai ba da aka yi a farkon shekarun 1980, an yi hasashen cewa yakin nukiliya na Amurka da Soviet zai tsara hayaki mai yawa a cikin yanayi wanda watanni zuwa shekaru na "takarda ta nukiliya" zai iya faruwa kuma ya kawo duk wani aikin noma a Arewacin Hemisphere zuwa tsayawa mai tsanani. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Richard |first=Turco |last2=Owen |first2=Toon |last3=Thomas |first3=Ackerman |last4=James |first4=Pollack |last5=Carl |first5=Sagan |date=Dec 23, 1983 |title=Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions |journal=Science |volume=222 |issue=460 |pages=1283–92 |bibcode=1983Sci...222.1283T |doi=10.1126/science.222.4630.1283 |pmid=17773320 |s2cid=45515251}}</ref> Wannan ya kasance a saman [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|damuwa mai yawa]] game da ci gaban hayaki mai guba na ozone a duniya daga fashewar nukiliya mai ƙarfi, wanda aka tsara don kawo yanayin muhalli don rushewa ga tsire-tsire na ƙasa da tsire-tire na ruwa don yadawa, irin wannan amfanin gona da girbi na ruwa za su shafi mummunan rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Hampson's warnings of disaster |url=https://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/88Hampson.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130145905/http://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/88Hampson.html |archive-date=November 30, 2014 |website=www.bmartin.cc}}</ref> Masana ilimin halittu sun daɗe suna nazarin cewa dalilai da yawa da suka taso daga "tsarin hunturu na nukiliya" za su haifar da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga aikin gona. Misali, yaƙin nukiliya a cikin lokutan girma na iya haifar da abubuwan da suka faru na kwatsam na zafin jiki (-10 digiri Celsius ko fiye) na kwanaki zuwa makonni, kuma yana jawo bayanai daga "[[Shekara Ba tare da bazara ba|shekara ba tare da bazara ba]]" a cikin 1816, abubuwan da suka shafi daskarewa suna iya lalata amfanin gona mai yawa.<ref name="nuclearfamine" /> Bugu da kari, za a iya taƙaita lokacin girma, kamar yadda Robock et al. suka ruwaito, waɗanda suka lissafa cewa yakin nukiliya na yanki tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan zai rage lokacin girma ba tare da daskarewa ba a Arewa da Kudancin Hemispheres na shekaru da yawa kuma ya lalata kayan aikin gona yayin da amfanin gona ba su da isasshen lokaci don isa ga balaga.<ref name="robock2007a">{{Cite journal |last=Alan |first=Robock |last2=Luke |first2=Oman |last3=Georgiy |first3=Stenchikov |last4=Charles |first4=Bardeen |last5=Richard |first5=Turco |date=Apr 19, 2007 |title=Climatic consequences of regional nuclear conflicts |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-2003-2007.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=2003–2012 |bibcode=2007ACP.....7.2003R |doi=10.5194/acp-7-2003-2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629153655/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-2003-2007.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-29 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sabanin haka, yanayin halittu na ruwa, babban mai samar da abinci ga al'ummomin mutane, ba su da haɗari ga faduwar zafin jiki kwatsam. Koyaya, suna da matukar damuwa ga rage hasken rana da ya faru da kuma karuwar matakin radiation na UV-B.<ref name="nuclearfamine" /> A yayin babban yakin nukiliya, an yi hasashen raguwar kashi 25% kawai a cikin ozone don haifar da ingantaccen radiation na UV-B wanda ke rage photosynthesis a cikin Yankin euphotic da kashi 35%, kuma a cikin dukan yankin euphhotic da 10% (yanki na euphoic yana nufin zurfin teku tare da matakan haske isasshen don photosynthèse mai aiki). Tare da raguwar haske da ke akwai don photosynthesis, yawan phytoplankton sun kasance a cikin littafin 1985 da ake sa ran faduwa, kuma masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa mafi yawan phytoplanktton da herbivorous zooplanktons (wanda ke ciyar da phytoplanctons) a cikin fiye da rabin Tekun Arewacin Hemisphere zai mutu. Ƙarin kimantawa na zamani game da yiwuwar matsalolin ozone da ke tasowa daga ƙwallon nukiliya sun ƙayyade waɗannan zato na baya ba su da tushe. A cewar [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSDNET/0,,contentMDK:23168627~pagePK:64885161~piPK:64884432~theSitePK:5929282,00.html Bankin Duniya], teku tana ba da yawan jama'ar duniya da kashi 16% na furotin da suke cinyewa; saboda an gina sarkar abinci na ruwa a kan photosynthesis na phytoplanktons, manyan yaƙe-yaƙe na nukiliya, [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|a cikin waɗannan samfuran 1980s da littattafai]], an dauke su a matsayin ba da gangan ba da kuma suna shafar miliyoyin, idan ba biliyoyin mutanen da suka dogara da teku don abinci ba. == Tasirin yaƙin nukiliya akan rarraba abinci == Baya ga mummunan tasirin da ke faruwa a kan tsarin agroecosystems, abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na yaki da lalacewar nukiliya suma suna da tasiri mai zurfi akan wadatar abinci. An lura a bayan fashewar bam din nukiliya a Hiroshima da Nagasaki cewa abinci ya fi ƙarancin yayin da aka lalata amfanin gona a yankunan da ke kusa da su kuma an yanke rarraba abinci daga wasu sassan Japan sakamakon lalacewar layin dogo, lokacin da samar da amfanin gona ya riga ya ragu a cikin shekarun da suka gabata saboda yaƙi da mummunan yanayi. A yau, kashi 85% na kasashe a duniya suna da ƙananan abinci na gida don ci gaba da rayuwa kuma suna ƙara dogara da hanyoyin cinikin abinci masu alaƙa da abinci don abinci da aka shigo da su.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2014 ya binciki sakamakon rikice-rikice na nahiyar a kan cibiyoyin cinikin alkama da shinkafa wanda zai iya faruwa lokacin da aka rage yawan abinci a duniya, kamar bin babban yakin nukiliya.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> Idan aka yi la'akari da halin da kasashe masu fitarwa ke yi don hana amfanin gonar su a lokutan karancin abinci, tsarin tsinkaya a cikin wannan binciken ya tabbatar da cewa an rage yawan alkama da shinkafa da aka fitar da su tare da asarar hanyoyin fitarwa.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> A takaice dai, marubutan sun gano cewa kasashe mafi ƙarancin ci gaba za su sha wahala saboda asarar shigo da kayayyaki saboda matsalolin kuɗi, kuma asarar hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci zai haifar da yawan jama'a da ke fama da karancin abinci.<ref name="Puma-2014">{{Cite journal |last=Puma |first=Michael |last2=Bose |first2=Satyajit |last3=Chon |first3=So Young |last4=Cook |first4=Benjamin |date=22 May 2014 |title=Assessing the evolving fragility of the global food system |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=10 |issue=2 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024007 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Yunwa ta duniya saboda rikicin nukiliya na yanki == Yawancin binciken da aka yi har zuwa yau game da canjin yanayi na yakin nukiliya da ya haifar yana mai da hankali kan musayar nukiliya mai girma tsakanin Rasha da Amurka na zamani. Koyaya, duniyar bayan Yakin Cold ta haɗa da wasu ƙasashe masu makaman nukiliya - kamar Indiya, Pakistan, da Koriya ta Arewa - waɗanda a halin yanzu suna cikin rikice-rikicen makamai da maƙwabtansu. Idan aka kwatanta da yakin nukiliya na "duniya", rikice-rikicen yanki tsakanin kasashe masu karamin makaman nukiliya zai iya haifar da tasirin yanayi mara kyau. Duk da haka, an yi jayayya cewa sanyaya na duniya wanda ya haifar da irin wannan rikici na iya samun babban tasiri ga aikin gona da tsarin samar da abinci a duk duniya. Nazarin da yawa da Alan Robock na Jami'ar Rutgers ya jagoranta sun bayyana wannan yiwuwar. Binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2007 ta amfani da tsarin yanayi na zamani ya gano cewa musayar nukiliya tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan da ta shafi bama-bamai 100 na Hiroshima (kasa da 0.1% na amfanin fashewa na makaman nukiliya na duniya na yanzu) zai isa ya haifar da sanyaya mai tsanani a duniya. Misali ba wai kawai ya annabta tasirin da ya dace da ra'ayin gargajiya na "tsarin nukiliya" ba, har ma ya ba da shawarar cewa tasirin yanayi zai daɗe fiye da yadda ake tsammani a baya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alan |first=Robock |last2=Luke |first2=Oman |last3=Georgiy |first3=Stenchikov |date=Jul 6, 2007 |title=Nuclear winter revisited with a modern climate model and current nuclear arsenals: Still catastrophic consequences |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=112 |issue=D13 |pages=D13107 |bibcode=2007JGRD..11213107R |doi=10.1029/2006JD008235 |doi-access=}}</ref> Wadannan tasirin na iya haɗawa da canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin yanayin yanayi na yau da kullun, raguwar matsakaicin 10% a cikin ruwan sama a duniya, da kuma "sake sanyaya digiri da yawa ... a kan manyan yankuna na Arewacin Amurka da Eurasia, gami da mafi yawan yankunan da ke girma".<ref name="robock2007a" /> Wani binciken da ya shafi shekarar 2012 ya samo asali ne daga tsarin aikin gona mai ƙarfi don hango hasashen tasirin aikin gona na yakin Indiya da Pakistan. Misali a wannan yanayin ya nuna cewa yakin nukiliya na yanki a kan nahiya daban na iya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin amfanin gona da samar da soya a Amurka ta tsakiya, tare da mafi girman asarar amfanin gona wanda ya faru shekaru biyar bayan taron.<ref name="Oz2012">{{Cite journal |last=Özdoğan |first=Mutlu |last2=Robock |first2=Alan |last3=Kucharik |first3=Christopher J. |date=22 June 2012 |title=Impacts of a nuclear war in South Asia on soybean and maize production in the Midwest United States |journal=Climate Change |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=373–387 |doi=10.1007/s10584-012-0518-1 |s2cid=2837628}}</ref> A cikin shekaru goma bayan taron, an yi hasashen samar da masara zai ragu da matsakaicin 10% da soya da matsakaitan 6-12%, dangane da wurin. Ana sa ran bambancin shekara-shekara zai kasance mai girma, kuma ana iya shafar anomalies a cikin zafin jiki, ruwan sama, da hasken rana. Sauran binciken da suka danganci Robock et al. style Indiya-Pakistan ya yi amfani da wani daban-daban noma model don hango hasashen tasirin kan shinkafa samar a kasar Sin. Bayan la'akari da yanayin yanayi da ayyukan noma na musamman ga larduna daban-daban, an yi hasashen samar da shinkafa zai ragu da matsakaicin 21% na shekaru hudu na farko kuma da kusan 10% na shekaru shida masu zuwa.<ref name="Xia2013">{{Cite journal |last=Xia |first=Lili |last2=Robock |first2=Alan |date=2013 |title=Impacts of a nuclear war in South Asia on rice production in Mainland China |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/XiaRobockNuclearChinaPrint.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Climate Change |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=357–372 |bibcode=2013ClCh..116..357X |doi=10.1007/s10584-012-0475-8 |s2cid=13189109 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317081920/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/XiaRobockNuclearChinaPrint.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref> Duk da yake ana iya aiwatar da matakan daidaitawa (kamar kara shuke-shuke a larduna da ba su da tasiri ko gyare-gyaren taki), waɗannan dabarun sun zo da iyakokinsu da sakamakonsu - gami da ƙarin gurɓata muhalli. Hakanan samar da masara da alkama na kasar Sin na iya shafar.<ref name="Xia2013b">{{Cite web |last=Xia |first=Lili |last2=Mills |first2=Michael |last3=Stenke |first3=Andrea |last4=Helfand |first4=Ira |title=Global famine after a regional nuclear war |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/NWXIA8AR.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312112951/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/NWXIA8AR.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |publisher=Submitted to Earth's Future, 2013}}</ref> Musamman, samar da alkama a bayan irin wannan lamarin na iya raguwa da sama da 50% a cikin shekara ta farko kuma ya ragu da matsakaicin 39% a cikin shekaru 5 na farko. Wani [https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-022-00573-0 sabon binciken] da aka kirkira don kimanta tasirin yunwa saboda [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]] don Jaridar Abinci ta Yanayi. Sun yi la'akari da mummunar tasiri ga tsaron abinci na duniya kuma sun nuna damuwa game da kasashe daban-daban waɗanda suka riga sun sami matsala tare da samun kayan aiki daban-daban a waje da abinci. Wannan binciken ya damu game da yiwuwar ƙurar da ta haifar da musayar nukiliya wanda zai yi kamar waɗanda suka faru a watan Maris za su haifar da matsaloli ga Duniya. Binciken su ya gano cewa Tg 5 na tururi da toka zai isa ya haifar da yunwa. Rashin abinci mai yawa zai kasance wanda dabbobi da samar da abinci na ruwa ba za su iya biyan diyya ba. Matsayin rikicewar yanayi na hanyoyi daban-daban na samar da abinci zai ɗauki rayuka masu yawa a Duniya. Binciken ya kiyasta rayuka biliyan 5 da za a rasa tare da faruwar yunwa ta nukiliya. Don kwatanta, yawan mutanen duniya ya kai biliyan 8 a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2022. Yunwa ta nukiliya za ta zama apocalypse wanda mutane da yawa suka yi imanin ya kamata ya zama damuwa yayin la'akari da makircin siyasa da nukiliya. === Jama'a masu rauni === Likitocin Duniya don Rigakafin Yakin Nukiliya (IPPNW) sun ba da rahoton a cikin 2013 cewa fiye da mutane biliyan biyu za su kasance cikin haɗarin yunwa a yayin da aka iyakance musayar nukiliya, kamar wanda zai iya faruwa tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan, ko kuma ta hanyar amfani da ƙaramin adadin makaman nukiliya da Amurka da Rasha ke riƙe.<ref name="IPPNWStudy">{{Cite web |last=Helfand |first=Ira |title=Nuclear Famine: Two Billion People at Risk? |url=http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-two-billion-at-risk-2013.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405015355/http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-two-billion-at-risk-2013.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War}}</ref><ref name="IPPNWPress">{{Cite web |last=Loretz |first=John |title=Nobel Laureate Warns Two Billion at Risk from Nuclear Famine |url=http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-2013-press-release-english.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203024127/http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-2013-press-release-english.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=IPPNW}}</ref> Wannan rahoto ya jaddada cewa duniya tana cikin yanayin da ke da matukar damuwa ga raguwar samar da abinci. Hakanan, ƙananan canje-canje a matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniya na iya samun babban tasiri a kan amfanin gona. Nazarin aikin gona da ke hango raguwar amfanin gona na Amurka da na kasar Sin na iya zama mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, saboda ba sa la'akari da raguwar ozone ko matsanancin zafin jiki na yau da kullun. Sun ambaci misalin fashewar Dutsen Tambora a cikin 1815, wanda ya haifar da matsakaicin canjin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na -0.7 ° C kawai, amma wanda ya kawo tsakar lokacin rani zuwa jihohin tsakiyar Atlantic <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Stommel H, Stommel E |year=1979 |title=The year without a summer |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_1979-06_240_6/page/176 |journal=Scientific American |volume=240 |issue=6 |pages=176–186 |bibcode=1979SciAm.240f.176S |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0679-176}}</ref> kuma ya haifar da asarar amfanin gona har zuwa 75% a arewacin Turai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Post, J. |year=1983 |title=Climatic change and subsistence crises |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-interdisciplinary-history_summer-1983_14_1/page/153 |journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary History |volume=14 |pages=153–160 |doi=10.2307/203521 |jstor=203521}}</ref>&nbsp; Bugu da kari, marubutan rahoton suna jayayya cewa ƙananan rikice-rikice a cikin wadatar abinci suna da girma sosai ga mutanen da ba su da abinci mai gina jiki. Musamman, kimanin mutane miliyan 800 suna fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, har ma da raguwar kashi 10% a cikin abincin da suke amfani da shi zai sanya su cikin haɗari.<ref name="Hefland2007">{{Cite web |last=Hefland |first=Ira |title=An Assessment of the Extent of Projected Global Famine Resulting From Limited, Regional Nuclear War |url=http://www.psr.org/assets/pdfs/helfandpaper.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110165237/http://www.psr.org/assets/pdfs/helfandpaper.pdf |archive-date=10 November 2015 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=Physicians for Social Responsibility |publisher=Royal Society of Medicine}}</ref> Tsaro na duniya na hatsi na iya zama a matsayin mai karewa ga wannan; duk da haka, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta nuna cewa ajiyar yanzu za ta kasance kusan kwanaki 68-77.<ref name="IPPNWStudy" /> Famines are also often associated with epidemics. Following the Mount Tambora eruption, an 1816 famine in Ireland triggered a [[Shekara Ba tare da bazara ba|typhus epidemic]] in Ireland that spread to much of Europe, and the Bengal famine of 1943 was associated with major localized epidemics of cholera, malaria, smallpox, and dysentery.<ref name="IPPNWStudy" />  Similarly, the vast and crowded megacities of the developing world could see major outbreaks of infectious disease as a secondary result of famine.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2017}} Koyaya, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin takarda da aka buga a cikin mujallar Public Health Reports, yana ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke faruwa cewa cututtukan cututtuka koyaushe suna faruwa bayan bala'i a birane.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jacob B, Mawson AR, Payton M, Guignard JC |year=2008 |title=Disaster mythology and fact: Hurricane Katrina and social attachment |journal=Public Health Rep |volume=123 |issue=5 |pages=555–66 |doi=10.1177/003335490812300505 |pmc=2496928 |pmid=18828410}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.publichealthreports.org/issueopen.cfm?articleID=2091 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827183455/http://www.publichealthreports.org/issueopen.cfm?articleID=2091 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |access-date=2017-12-08}}</ref> {{Blockquote|[[Epidemic]]s seldom occur after a disaster, and dead bodies do not lead to catastrophic outbreaks of [[infectious disease]]s. Intuitively, epidemic diseases, illnesses, and injuries might be expected following major disasters. However, as noted by de Goyet, epidemics seldom occur after disasters, and unless deaths are caused by one of a small number of infectious diseases such as smallpox, typhus, or plague, exposure to dead bodies does not cause disease ... [[Cholera]] and [[typhoid]] seldom pose a major health threat after disasters unless they are already endemic.}} == Dubi kuma == * Bellesrad * [[Tsibiran Mashal|Tsibirin Marshall]] * Yaƙin Cold na II * Kashewa * [[Yanayin tashin duniya|Hadarin bala'i na duniya]] * Holocaust na nukiliya * Ta'addanci na nukiliya * [[Yaƙin Duniya na III]] == Early work == Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko da aka yi don tattauna matsalar rashin daidaito, noma, abinci da wadata shine littafin Herman Kahn na 1960 akan Yaƙin Thermonuclear . Kahn ya yi jayayya cewa yayin da yaƙi gaba ɗaya zai zama "masifa da ba a taɓa gani ba," abincin da ya ɗan gurɓata kaɗan zuwa matsakaici bai kamata a ɓata shi ba domin cin irin wannan abincin da tsofaffi ke yi ba zai haifar da ƙaruwar cutar kansa a cikin wannan rukunin ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, kamar sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar kansa kamar hayakin sigari, cutar kansa ba ta bayyana nan take bayan an fallasa ta ga radiation ko musamman daga tasirin nukiliya ; maimakon haka cutar kansa tana da ƙarancin lokacin jinkiri na kimanin shekaru 5+, wanda binciken Project 4.1 ya goyi bayansa. Saboda wannan dalili ne tsofaffi za su iya cin abinci mai ɗan ƙazanta kaɗan zuwa matsakaici ba tare da wani mummunan tasiri ba, idan akwai, wanda hakan ke ba da damar adana abincin da ba shi da ƙazanta ga ƙananan yara. == Dubawa == Daga 1983-1985, a cikin lokacin da hasashen " [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturun nukiliya]] " ya kasance a farkon [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|matakin samfurin kwamfuta na 1-D na "apocalyptic"]], masana kimiyya sama da 300 na zahiri, yanayi, noma da muhalli daga ƙasashe sama da 30 a faɗin duniya sun haɗu don shiga aikin Kwamitin Kimiyya kan Matsalolin Muhalli-Tasirin Muhalli na Yaƙin Nukiliya (SCOPE-ENUWAR). Wannan aikin ya tantance illolin yaƙin nukiliya a duniya baki ɗaya, wanda ya haifar da wani littafi mai jigo biyu mai taken ''Muhalli Sakamakon Yaƙin Nukiliya'', wanda ya yi cikakken bayani game da tasirin zahiri, yanayi, muhalli da noma na babban yaƙin nukiliya. A cikin littafin, an yi hasashen cewa biliyoyin waɗanda suka tsira bayan yaƙin nukiliya, har ma a ƙasashen da ba sa yaƙi, ''za su iya'' fuskantar raguwar wadatar abinci (idan ba a ɗauki matakan da gwamnati ke ɗauka don magance matsalar ba) wanda ke jefa waɗanda suka tsira cikin "matsanancin rashin abinci mai gina jiki da yunwa," kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, "ƙananan ƙalilan ne kawai na al'ummar duniya ta yanzu za su iya tsammanin su rayu shekaru kaɗan". Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da za su iya haifar da ƙarancin abinci mai yawa a faɗin duniya. Da farko, amfanin gona, abinci da kayan aikin noma da aka adana kamar taki da magungunan kashe kwari za a iya lalata su nan take a cikin fashewar makaman nukiliya; gurɓatar da makaman nukiliya na ƙasa, iska da ruwa na iya sa abinci ya zama mara aminci a ci, kuma amfanin gona ba za su iya girma yadda ya kamata ba; kuma gobarar da ba za a iya shawo kanta ba na iya kawo cikas ga ayyukan noma ko tara abinci na yau da kullun. Masana sun yi hasashen cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko da suka biyo bayan yakin nukiliya, tsare-tsare masu rikitarwa, kamar gurgunta tattalin arzikin duniya da tsarin kasuwanci, rugujewar hanyoyin sufuri da rarraba abinci na duniya, asarar abubuwan ƙarfafawa da shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje, matsanancin matsin lamba kan tsarin noma, da kuma rudani da katsewar da ke tattare da shi a cikin al'umma na iya haifar da ƙara matsalar ƙarancin abinci. <ref name="nuclearfamine">Harwell, M., and C. Harwell. (1986). "Nuclear Famine: The Indirect Effects of Nuclear War", pp. 117–135 in Solomon, F. and R. Marston (Eds.). ''The Medical Implications of Nuclear War''. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. {{ISBN|0309036925}}.</ref> Bayan wallafa littafin " ''Ilamomin Muhalli na Yaƙin Nukiliya"'', an sami ƙarin bincike dangane da ƙira da kuma nazarin musayar makaman nukiliya tsakanin ƙasashe masu makaman nukiliya. Kammalawar waɗannan binciken ya nuna cewa yaƙin nukiliya hanya ce ta halaka kai zuwa ga yunwar jama'a, kuma ya yi daidai da bayanin da aka yi a cikin ''The Medical Implications of Nuclear War'', wani littafi da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta buga, cewa "babban hanyar da ke haifar da mutuwar mutane ba za ta kasance daga tasirin fashewa ba, ba daga ƙonewar radiation mai zafi ba, kuma ba daga radiation mai ionizing ba, amma, maimakon haka, daga yunwar jama'a". Duk da cewa jimillar makaman nukiliya a duniya ya ragu da kashi biyu bisa uku bayan yarjejeniyar rage makamai ta dabarun Amurka da Tarayyar Soviet (START) idan aka kwatanta da farkon shekarun 80, wasu kwararru na ganin cewa barazanar rikicin nukiliya ba ta ragu ba, amma ta karu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yaduwar makaman nukiliya yayin da ƙasashe da yawa kamar Indiya, Pakistan, da Koriya ta Arewa ke da makaman nukiliya, wanda hakan ke ƙara haɗarin rikice-rikicen nukiliya a yankin. Ƙara yawan tashin hankalin soja, haɗurra, ɓarna da hare-haren yanar gizo duk suna iya haifar da babban cikas ga nukiliya da kuma yunwar yanki, idan ba a yi la'akari da ita ba a duniya. == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f4jgw417cmlzigiuz4s2tzaz1vq1pxb 967925 967924 2026-10-15T18:14:26Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Tasirin yaƙin nukiliya akan rarraba abinci */ 967925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:In_the_background,_a_Roman_Catholic_cathedral_on_a_hill_in_Nagasaki,_ca._1945_-_NARA_-_519385.tif|thumb|361x361px|Halaka bayan fashewar bam na nukiliya a Nagasaki a shekarar 1945. Yaduwar lalacewa da radiation sakamakon musayar nukiliya na iya rushe samar da aikin gona na duniya ko na yanki.]] '''Yunwa ta nukiliya''' wani yunwa ne da ake tsammani wanda ake la'akari da yiwuwar barazana bayan musayar nukiliya ta duniya ko ta yanki. An yi tunanin cewa ko da tasirin sanyaya mai zurfi wanda ya haifar da musayar nukiliya ta yanki na iya samun tasiri sosai ga samar da aikin gona, wanda ya haifar le rikicin abinci tsakanin wadanda suka tsira a duniya. Duk da yake imani da ra'ayin "tashin [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]]" ya shahara kuma ana [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|muhawara]] sosai, batun yiwuwar rushewar samar da abinci daga fashewa da tasirin fashewa bayan yakin nukiliya ba shi da rikici. An rubuta littattafai da yawa game da batun samar da abinci, gami da kariya ta Fallout, ƙwarewar tsira daga yaƙin nukiliya, Zai Insects Inherit the Earth da Sauran Batutuwa na Damuwa ga Wadanda ke Damuwa da Yaƙin Nukiliya, kuma kwanan nan matsanancin hunturu na nukiliya da [[Tasirin hunturu|Tasirin comet]] wanda ke hana kowa ciyarwa Babu Matter What. Tare da waɗannan matani na gabatarwa, ƙarin kundin hukuma tare da mai da hankali kan ƙungiya, noma, da ilimin rediyo sun haɗa da Abinci a cikin Muhalli na Postattack ta Kamfanin RAND, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pogrund |first=Robert Seymour |year=1966 |title=Nutrition in the postattack environment |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM5052.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128112108/http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM5052.html |archive-date=2015-01-28}}</ref> ci gaba da shirye-shiryen gwamnati don hana yunwa ''A kan sake tsarawa bayan harin nukiliya'', da Rayuwa na Jama'ar da aka tura Amurka. Bayan harin nukaliya ta hanyar lashe kyautar Nobel Wigner, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Survival of the relocated population of the U.S. after a nuclear attack 1976. full PDF |url=http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1976/3445600218921.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207061152/http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1976/3445600218921.pdf |archive-date=February 7, 2017}}</ref> yayin da suka mai da aka mayar da hankali ne kawai kan tasirin radiyo da ake amfani da shi a kan Fallout da shi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Killion |first=D. D. |last2=Constantin |first2=M. J. |date=September 6, 1975 |title=Effects of fallout radiation on crop production |url=http://inis.iaea.org/Search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:7225106 |via=inis.iaea.org |access-date=September 20, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331010427/https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:7225106 |archive-date=March 31, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Shuka masu amfani da su a kan Fallowers na Shuka masu tsire-tsire-tsare da Shuka masu cinyewa a kan wannan Shuka masu aiki a kan Shuka masu guba da Shuka da Shuka a kan Shuke-shuke-shuka masu amfani<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2010 |title=Physical Effects of Nuclear Warfare |url=http://www.fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/7906/790612.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025233527/http://www.fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/7906/790612.pdf |archive-date=2010-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 6, 1965 |title=Defense against radioactive fallout on the farm / [prepared by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with the Atomic Energy Commission, the Office of Civil Defense, and the U.S. Public Health Service.] |url=https://archive.org/details/CAT87205513 |publisher=Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> == Ayyuka na farko == Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko don tattauna matsalar fallout, noma, abinci da wadata shine littafin Herman Kahn na 1960 On Thermonuclear War . Kahn ya yi jayayya cewa yayin da yakin basasa zai zama "babban bala'i", abinci wanda ya ɗan gurbata zuwa matsakaici ba ya buƙatar lalacewa saboda cin irin wannan abinci ta tsofaffi ba zai haifar da karuwar cutar kansa a cikin wannan rukuni. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, kamar sauran cututtukan cututtukani na yau da kullun kamar hayaki na sigari, cututtukansu ba sa fitowa nan da nan bayan fuskantar radiation ko musamman daga Rushewar nukiliya; maimakon haka ciwon daji yana da mafi ƙarancin lokaci na wasu shekaru 5 +, wanda binciken Project 4.1 ke tallafawa. Saboda wannan dalili ne cewa tsofaffi za su iya cin abinci mai ɗanɗano zuwa matsakaici ba tare da wani abu ba, idan akwai, mummunar sakamako, yana ba da damar adana abinci mafi ƙarancin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Daga shekara ta alif 1983-1985, a cikin wani lokaci wanda ra'ayi na "tashin [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]]" ya kasance a cikin farkon "apocalyptic" 1-D na kwamfuta, fiye da 300 na jiki, yanayi, aikin gona da muhalli daga sama da kasashe 30 a duniya sun taru don shiga cikin Kwamitin Kimiyya kan Matsalolin Muhalli-Matsalolin Yakin Nukiliya (SCOPE-ENUWAR). Wannan aikin ya kimanta sakamakon duniya na yakin nukiliya, wanda ya haifar da wani littafi mai nau'i biyu mai taken Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War, wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da tasirin jiki, yanayi, muhalli da aikin gona na babban yakin nukiliyar. A cikin littafin, an yi hasashen cewa biliyoyin wadanda suka tsira a bayan yakin nukiliya, har ma a cikin ƙasashe marasa gwagwarmaya, ''zai iya'' fuskantar raguwar abinci (idan ba a ci gaba da matakan gwamnati ba) wanda ke jefa wadanda suka tsira cikin "matakan rashin abinci mai gina jiki da yunwa," kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, "karamin ɓangare na yawan mutanen duniya na yanzu zasu iya tsammanin tsira da 'yan shekaru". Za'a iya shigar da matakai da yawa wanda ke haifar da karancin abinci a duniya. Don farawa, amfanin gona, kayan adanawa da kayan aikin gona kamar taki da magungunan kashe kwari za a iya lalata su nan take a cikin fashewar nukiliya; gurɓataccen nukiliya na ƙasa, iska da ruwa na iya sa abinci ba shi da aminci don ci, kuma amfanin gona ba zai iya girma yadda ya kamata ba; kuma gobarar da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba na iya hana aikin gona na yau da kullun ko ayyukan tattara abinci. Masana sun yi hasashen cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko da suka biyo bayan yakin nukiliya, matakai masu rikitarwa, kamar su gurgunta tattalin arzikin duniya da tsarin kasuwanci, rushewar hanyoyin sufuri da rarraba abinci na duniya, asarar fitarwa da shigo da kayayyaki, matsanancin damuwa game da yanayin yanayi a kan tsarin agroecosystems, da rikice-rikice da rikice a cikin al'umma na iya haifar da kara matsalar karancin abinci.<ref name="nuclearfamine">Harwell, M., and C. Harwell. (1986). "Nuclear Famine: The Indirect Effects of Nuclear War", pp. 117–135 in Solomon, F. and R. Marston (Eds.). ''The Medical Implications of Nuclear War''. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. {{ISBN|0309036925}}.</ref> Bayan wallafawar ''Sakamakon muhalli na Yaƙin Nukiliya'', ƙarin karatu sun fito ne bisa ga ƙira da nazarin musayar nukiliya tsakanin kasashe masu makaman nukiliya. Sakamakon waɗannan binciken ya nuna cewa yaƙin nukiliya hanya ce mai lalacewa zuwa yunwa mai yawa, kuma ya sake maimaita sanarwa da aka yi a cikin The Medical Implications of Nuclear War, wani littafi na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa, cewa "babban hanyar mutuwar mutane ba zai kasance daga tasirin fashewa ba, ba daga ƙonewar radiation ba, kuma ba daga radiation na ionizing ba, amma, maimakon haka, daga yunwa mai girma". Duk da yake jimlar adadin makaman nukiliya na duniya ya ragu da kashi biyu bisa uku bayan Yarjejeniyar Rage Makamai ta Amurka da Soviet (START) idan aka kwatanta da farkon 80s, wasu masana suna jin cewa haɗarin rikice-rikicen nukiliya bai ragu ba, amma a maimakon haka ya karu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda Yaduwar nukiliya yayin da wasu kasashe kamar Indiya, Pakistan, da Koriya ta Arewa yanzu suna da makaman nukiliya, suna kara haɗarin rikice-rikicen nukiliya na yanki. Girman tashin hankali na soja, hatsarori, sabotages da hare-haren yanar gizo duk suna iya haifar da babbar matsalar nukiliya da yanki, idan ba yunwa ta duniya ba. == Tasirin hunturu na nukiliya akan tsarin agroecosystems == Dangane da binciken da ba daidai ba da aka yi a farkon shekarun 1980, an yi hasashen cewa yakin nukiliya na Amurka da Soviet zai tsara hayaki mai yawa a cikin yanayi wanda watanni zuwa shekaru na "takarda ta nukiliya" zai iya faruwa kuma ya kawo duk wani aikin noma a Arewacin Hemisphere zuwa tsayawa mai tsanani. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Richard |first=Turco |last2=Owen |first2=Toon |last3=Thomas |first3=Ackerman |last4=James |first4=Pollack |last5=Carl |first5=Sagan |date=Dec 23, 1983 |title=Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions |journal=Science |volume=222 |issue=460 |pages=1283–92 |bibcode=1983Sci...222.1283T |doi=10.1126/science.222.4630.1283 |pmid=17773320 |s2cid=45515251}}</ref> Wannan ya kasance a saman [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|damuwa mai yawa]] game da ci gaban hayaki mai guba na ozone a duniya daga fashewar nukiliya mai ƙarfi, wanda aka tsara don kawo yanayin muhalli don rushewa ga tsire-tsire na ƙasa da tsire-tire na ruwa don yadawa, irin wannan amfanin gona da girbi na ruwa za su shafi mummunan rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Hampson's warnings of disaster |url=https://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/88Hampson.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130145905/http://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/88Hampson.html |archive-date=November 30, 2014 |website=www.bmartin.cc}}</ref> Masana ilimin halittu sun daɗe suna nazarin cewa dalilai da yawa da suka taso daga "tsarin hunturu na nukiliya" za su haifar da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga aikin gona. Misali, yaƙin nukiliya a cikin lokutan girma na iya haifar da abubuwan da suka faru na kwatsam na zafin jiki (-10 digiri Celsius ko fiye) na kwanaki zuwa makonni, kuma yana jawo bayanai daga "[[Shekara Ba tare da bazara ba|shekara ba tare da bazara ba]]" a cikin 1816, abubuwan da suka shafi daskarewa suna iya lalata amfanin gona mai yawa.<ref name="nuclearfamine" /> Bugu da kari, za a iya taƙaita lokacin girma, kamar yadda Robock et al. suka ruwaito, waɗanda suka lissafa cewa yakin nukiliya na yanki tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan zai rage lokacin girma ba tare da daskarewa ba a Arewa da Kudancin Hemispheres na shekaru da yawa kuma ya lalata kayan aikin gona yayin da amfanin gona ba su da isasshen lokaci don isa ga balaga.<ref name="robock2007a">{{Cite journal |last=Alan |first=Robock |last2=Luke |first2=Oman |last3=Georgiy |first3=Stenchikov |last4=Charles |first4=Bardeen |last5=Richard |first5=Turco |date=Apr 19, 2007 |title=Climatic consequences of regional nuclear conflicts |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-2003-2007.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=2003–2012 |bibcode=2007ACP.....7.2003R |doi=10.5194/acp-7-2003-2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629153655/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-2003-2007.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-29 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sabanin haka, yanayin halittu na ruwa, babban mai samar da abinci ga al'ummomin mutane, ba su da haɗari ga faduwar zafin jiki kwatsam. Koyaya, suna da matukar damuwa ga rage hasken rana da ya faru da kuma karuwar matakin radiation na UV-B.<ref name="nuclearfamine" /> A yayin babban yakin nukiliya, an yi hasashen raguwar kashi 25% kawai a cikin ozone don haifar da ingantaccen radiation na UV-B wanda ke rage photosynthesis a cikin Yankin euphotic da kashi 35%, kuma a cikin dukan yankin euphhotic da 10% (yanki na euphoic yana nufin zurfin teku tare da matakan haske isasshen don photosynthèse mai aiki). Tare da raguwar haske da ke akwai don photosynthesis, yawan phytoplankton sun kasance a cikin littafin 1985 da ake sa ran faduwa, kuma masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa mafi yawan phytoplanktton da herbivorous zooplanktons (wanda ke ciyar da phytoplanctons) a cikin fiye da rabin Tekun Arewacin Hemisphere zai mutu. Ƙarin kimantawa na zamani game da yiwuwar matsalolin ozone da ke tasowa daga ƙwallon nukiliya sun ƙayyade waɗannan zato na baya ba su da tushe. A cewar [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSDNET/0,,contentMDK:23168627~pagePK:64885161~piPK:64884432~theSitePK:5929282,00.html Bankin Duniya], teku tana ba da yawan jama'ar duniya da kashi 16% na furotin da suke cinyewa; saboda an gina sarkar abinci na ruwa a kan photosynthesis na phytoplanktons, manyan yaƙe-yaƙe na nukiliya, [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|a cikin waɗannan samfuran 1980s da littattafai]], an dauke su a matsayin ba da gangan ba da kuma suna shafar miliyoyin, idan ba biliyoyin mutanen da suka dogara da teku don abinci ba. == Tasirin yaƙin nukiliya akan rarraba abinci == Baya ga mummunan tasirin da ke faruwa a kan tsarin agroecosystems, abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na yaki da lalacewar nukiliya suma suna da tasiri mai zurfi akan wadatar abinci. An lura a bayan fashewar bam din nukiliya a Hiroshima da Nagasaki cewa abinci ya fi ƙarancin yayin da aka lalata amfanin gona a yankunan da ke kusa da su kuma an yanke rarraba abinci daga wasu sassan Japan sakamakon lalacewar layin dogo, lokacin da samar da amfanin gona ya riga ya ragu a cikin shekarun da suka gabata saboda yaƙi da mummunan yanayi. A yau, kashi (85%) na kasashe a duniya suna da ƙananan abinci na gida don ci gaba da rayuwa kuma suna ƙara dogara da hanyoyin cinikin abinci masu alaƙa da abinci don abinci da aka shigo da su.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2014 ya binciki sakamakon rikice-rikice na nahiyar a kan cibiyoyin cinikin alkama da shinkafa wanda zai iya faruwa lokacin da aka rage yawan abinci a duniya, kamar bin babban yakin nukiliya.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> Idan aka yi la'akari da halin da kasashe masu fitarwa ke yi don hana amfanin gonar su a lokutan karancin abinci, tsarin tsinkaya a cikin wannan binciken ya tabbatar da cewa an rage yawan alkama da shinkafa da aka fitar da su tare da asarar hanyoyin fitarwa.<ref name="Puma-2014" /> A takaice dai, marubutan sun gano cewa kasashe mafi ƙarancin ci gaba za su sha wahala saboda asarar shigo da kayayyaki saboda matsalolin kuɗi, kuma asarar hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci zai haifar da yawan jama'a da ke fama da karancin abinci.<ref name="Puma-2014">{{Cite journal |last=Puma |first=Michael |last2=Bose |first2=Satyajit |last3=Chon |first3=So Young |last4=Cook |first4=Benjamin |date=22 May 2014 |title=Assessing the evolving fragility of the global food system |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=10 |issue=2 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024007 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Yunwa ta duniya saboda rikicin nukiliya na yanki == Yawancin binciken da aka yi har zuwa yau game da canjin yanayi na yakin nukiliya da ya haifar yana mai da hankali kan musayar nukiliya mai girma tsakanin Rasha da Amurka na zamani. Koyaya, duniyar bayan Yakin Cold ta haɗa da wasu ƙasashe masu makaman nukiliya - kamar Indiya, Pakistan, da Koriya ta Arewa - waɗanda a halin yanzu suna cikin rikice-rikicen makamai da maƙwabtansu. Idan aka kwatanta da yakin nukiliya na "duniya", rikice-rikicen yanki tsakanin kasashe masu karamin makaman nukiliya zai iya haifar da tasirin yanayi mara kyau. Duk da haka, an yi jayayya cewa sanyaya na duniya wanda ya haifar da irin wannan rikici na iya samun babban tasiri ga aikin gona da tsarin samar da abinci a duk duniya. Nazarin da yawa da Alan Robock na Jami'ar Rutgers ya jagoranta sun bayyana wannan yiwuwar. Binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2007 ta amfani da tsarin yanayi na zamani ya gano cewa musayar nukiliya tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan da ta shafi bama-bamai 100 na Hiroshima (kasa da 0.1% na amfanin fashewa na makaman nukiliya na duniya na yanzu) zai isa ya haifar da sanyaya mai tsanani a duniya. Misali ba wai kawai ya annabta tasirin da ya dace da ra'ayin gargajiya na "tsarin nukiliya" ba, har ma ya ba da shawarar cewa tasirin yanayi zai daɗe fiye da yadda ake tsammani a baya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alan |first=Robock |last2=Luke |first2=Oman |last3=Georgiy |first3=Stenchikov |date=Jul 6, 2007 |title=Nuclear winter revisited with a modern climate model and current nuclear arsenals: Still catastrophic consequences |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=112 |issue=D13 |pages=D13107 |bibcode=2007JGRD..11213107R |doi=10.1029/2006JD008235 |doi-access=}}</ref> Wadannan tasirin na iya haɗawa da canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin yanayin yanayi na yau da kullun, raguwar matsakaicin 10% a cikin ruwan sama a duniya, da kuma "sake sanyaya digiri da yawa ... a kan manyan yankuna na Arewacin Amurka da Eurasia, gami da mafi yawan yankunan da ke girma".<ref name="robock2007a" /> Wani binciken da ya shafi shekarar 2012 ya samo asali ne daga tsarin aikin gona mai ƙarfi don hango hasashen tasirin aikin gona na yakin Indiya da Pakistan. Misali a wannan yanayin ya nuna cewa yakin nukiliya na yanki a kan nahiya daban na iya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin amfanin gona da samar da soya a Amurka ta tsakiya, tare da mafi girman asarar amfanin gona wanda ya faru shekaru biyar bayan taron.<ref name="Oz2012">{{Cite journal |last=Özdoğan |first=Mutlu |last2=Robock |first2=Alan |last3=Kucharik |first3=Christopher J. |date=22 June 2012 |title=Impacts of a nuclear war in South Asia on soybean and maize production in the Midwest United States |journal=Climate Change |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=373–387 |doi=10.1007/s10584-012-0518-1 |s2cid=2837628}}</ref> A cikin shekaru goma bayan taron, an yi hasashen samar da masara zai ragu da matsakaicin 10% da soya da matsakaitan 6-12%, dangane da wurin. Ana sa ran bambancin shekara-shekara zai kasance mai girma, kuma ana iya shafar anomalies a cikin zafin jiki, ruwan sama, da hasken rana. Sauran binciken da suka danganci Robock et al. style Indiya-Pakistan ya yi amfani da wani daban-daban noma model don hango hasashen tasirin kan shinkafa samar a kasar Sin. Bayan la'akari da yanayin yanayi da ayyukan noma na musamman ga larduna daban-daban, an yi hasashen samar da shinkafa zai ragu da matsakaicin 21% na shekaru hudu na farko kuma da kusan 10% na shekaru shida masu zuwa.<ref name="Xia2013">{{Cite journal |last=Xia |first=Lili |last2=Robock |first2=Alan |date=2013 |title=Impacts of a nuclear war in South Asia on rice production in Mainland China |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/XiaRobockNuclearChinaPrint.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Climate Change |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=357–372 |bibcode=2013ClCh..116..357X |doi=10.1007/s10584-012-0475-8 |s2cid=13189109 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317081920/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/XiaRobockNuclearChinaPrint.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref> Duk da yake ana iya aiwatar da matakan daidaitawa (kamar kara shuke-shuke a larduna da ba su da tasiri ko gyare-gyaren taki), waɗannan dabarun sun zo da iyakokinsu da sakamakonsu - gami da ƙarin gurɓata muhalli. Hakanan samar da masara da alkama na kasar Sin na iya shafar.<ref name="Xia2013b">{{Cite web |last=Xia |first=Lili |last2=Mills |first2=Michael |last3=Stenke |first3=Andrea |last4=Helfand |first4=Ira |title=Global famine after a regional nuclear war |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/NWXIA8AR.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312112951/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/NWXIA8AR.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |publisher=Submitted to Earth's Future, 2013}}</ref> Musamman, samar da alkama a bayan irin wannan lamarin na iya raguwa da sama da 50% a cikin shekara ta farko kuma ya ragu da matsakaicin 39% a cikin shekaru 5 na farko. Wani [https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-022-00573-0 sabon binciken] da aka kirkira don kimanta tasirin yunwa saboda [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]] don Jaridar Abinci ta Yanayi. Sun yi la'akari da mummunar tasiri ga tsaron abinci na duniya kuma sun nuna damuwa game da kasashe daban-daban waɗanda suka riga sun sami matsala tare da samun kayan aiki daban-daban a waje da abinci. Wannan binciken ya damu game da yiwuwar ƙurar da ta haifar da musayar nukiliya wanda zai yi kamar waɗanda suka faru a watan Maris za su haifar da matsaloli ga Duniya. Binciken su ya gano cewa Tg 5 na tururi da toka zai isa ya haifar da yunwa. Rashin abinci mai yawa zai kasance wanda dabbobi da samar da abinci na ruwa ba za su iya biyan diyya ba. Matsayin rikicewar yanayi na hanyoyi daban-daban na samar da abinci zai ɗauki rayuka masu yawa a Duniya. Binciken ya kiyasta rayuka biliyan 5 da za a rasa tare da faruwar yunwa ta nukiliya. Don kwatanta, yawan mutanen duniya ya kai biliyan 8 a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2022. Yunwa ta nukiliya za ta zama apocalypse wanda mutane da yawa suka yi imanin ya kamata ya zama damuwa yayin la'akari da makircin siyasa da nukiliya. === Jama'a masu rauni === Likitocin Duniya don Rigakafin Yakin Nukiliya (IPPNW) sun ba da rahoton a cikin 2013 cewa fiye da mutane biliyan biyu za su kasance cikin haɗarin yunwa a yayin da aka iyakance musayar nukiliya, kamar wanda zai iya faruwa tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan, ko kuma ta hanyar amfani da ƙaramin adadin makaman nukiliya da Amurka da Rasha ke riƙe.<ref name="IPPNWStudy">{{Cite web |last=Helfand |first=Ira |title=Nuclear Famine: Two Billion People at Risk? |url=http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-two-billion-at-risk-2013.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405015355/http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-two-billion-at-risk-2013.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War}}</ref><ref name="IPPNWPress">{{Cite web |last=Loretz |first=John |title=Nobel Laureate Warns Two Billion at Risk from Nuclear Famine |url=http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-2013-press-release-english.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203024127/http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/nuclear-famine-2013-press-release-english.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=IPPNW}}</ref> Wannan rahoto ya jaddada cewa duniya tana cikin yanayin da ke da matukar damuwa ga raguwar samar da abinci. Hakanan, ƙananan canje-canje a matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniya na iya samun babban tasiri a kan amfanin gona. Nazarin aikin gona da ke hango raguwar amfanin gona na Amurka da na kasar Sin na iya zama mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, saboda ba sa la'akari da raguwar ozone ko matsanancin zafin jiki na yau da kullun. Sun ambaci misalin fashewar Dutsen Tambora a cikin 1815, wanda ya haifar da matsakaicin canjin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na -0.7 ° C kawai, amma wanda ya kawo tsakar lokacin rani zuwa jihohin tsakiyar Atlantic <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Stommel H, Stommel E |year=1979 |title=The year without a summer |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_1979-06_240_6/page/176 |journal=Scientific American |volume=240 |issue=6 |pages=176–186 |bibcode=1979SciAm.240f.176S |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0679-176}}</ref> kuma ya haifar da asarar amfanin gona har zuwa 75% a arewacin Turai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Post, J. |year=1983 |title=Climatic change and subsistence crises |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-interdisciplinary-history_summer-1983_14_1/page/153 |journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary History |volume=14 |pages=153–160 |doi=10.2307/203521 |jstor=203521}}</ref>&nbsp; Bugu da kari, marubutan rahoton suna jayayya cewa ƙananan rikice-rikice a cikin wadatar abinci suna da girma sosai ga mutanen da ba su da abinci mai gina jiki. Musamman, kimanin mutane miliyan 800 suna fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, har ma da raguwar kashi 10% a cikin abincin da suke amfani da shi zai sanya su cikin haɗari.<ref name="Hefland2007">{{Cite web |last=Hefland |first=Ira |title=An Assessment of the Extent of Projected Global Famine Resulting From Limited, Regional Nuclear War |url=http://www.psr.org/assets/pdfs/helfandpaper.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110165237/http://www.psr.org/assets/pdfs/helfandpaper.pdf |archive-date=10 November 2015 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=Physicians for Social Responsibility |publisher=Royal Society of Medicine}}</ref> Tsaro na duniya na hatsi na iya zama a matsayin mai karewa ga wannan; duk da haka, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta nuna cewa ajiyar yanzu za ta kasance kusan kwanaki 68-77.<ref name="IPPNWStudy" /> Famines are also often associated with epidemics. Following the Mount Tambora eruption, an 1816 famine in Ireland triggered a [[Shekara Ba tare da bazara ba|typhus epidemic]] in Ireland that spread to much of Europe, and the Bengal famine of 1943 was associated with major localized epidemics of cholera, malaria, smallpox, and dysentery.<ref name="IPPNWStudy" />  Similarly, the vast and crowded megacities of the developing world could see major outbreaks of infectious disease as a secondary result of famine.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2017}} Koyaya, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin takarda da aka buga a cikin mujallar Public Health Reports, yana ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke faruwa cewa cututtukan cututtuka koyaushe suna faruwa bayan bala'i a birane.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jacob B, Mawson AR, Payton M, Guignard JC |year=2008 |title=Disaster mythology and fact: Hurricane Katrina and social attachment |journal=Public Health Rep |volume=123 |issue=5 |pages=555–66 |doi=10.1177/003335490812300505 |pmc=2496928 |pmid=18828410}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.publichealthreports.org/issueopen.cfm?articleID=2091 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827183455/http://www.publichealthreports.org/issueopen.cfm?articleID=2091 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |access-date=2017-12-08}}</ref> {{Blockquote|[[Epidemic]]s seldom occur after a disaster, and dead bodies do not lead to catastrophic outbreaks of [[infectious disease]]s. Intuitively, epidemic diseases, illnesses, and injuries might be expected following major disasters. However, as noted by de Goyet, epidemics seldom occur after disasters, and unless deaths are caused by one of a small number of infectious diseases such as smallpox, typhus, or plague, exposure to dead bodies does not cause disease ... [[Cholera]] and [[typhoid]] seldom pose a major health threat after disasters unless they are already endemic.}} == Dubi kuma == * Bellesrad * [[Tsibiran Mashal|Tsibirin Marshall]] * Yaƙin Cold na II * Kashewa * [[Yanayin tashin duniya|Hadarin bala'i na duniya]] * Holocaust na nukiliya * Ta'addanci na nukiliya * [[Yaƙin Duniya na III]] == Early work == Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko da aka yi don tattauna matsalar rashin daidaito, noma, abinci da wadata shine littafin Herman Kahn na 1960 akan Yaƙin Thermonuclear . Kahn ya yi jayayya cewa yayin da yaƙi gaba ɗaya zai zama "masifa da ba a taɓa gani ba," abincin da ya ɗan gurɓata kaɗan zuwa matsakaici bai kamata a ɓata shi ba domin cin irin wannan abincin da tsofaffi ke yi ba zai haifar da ƙaruwar cutar kansa a cikin wannan rukunin ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, kamar sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar kansa kamar hayakin sigari, cutar kansa ba ta bayyana nan take bayan an fallasa ta ga radiation ko musamman daga tasirin nukiliya ; maimakon haka cutar kansa tana da ƙarancin lokacin jinkiri na kimanin shekaru 5+, wanda binciken Project 4.1 ya goyi bayansa. Saboda wannan dalili ne tsofaffi za su iya cin abinci mai ɗan ƙazanta kaɗan zuwa matsakaici ba tare da wani mummunan tasiri ba, idan akwai, wanda hakan ke ba da damar adana abincin da ba shi da ƙazanta ga ƙananan yara. == Dubawa == Daga 1983-1985, a cikin lokacin da hasashen " [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturun nukiliya]] " ya kasance a farkon [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|matakin samfurin kwamfuta na 1-D na "apocalyptic"]], masana kimiyya sama da 300 na zahiri, yanayi, noma da muhalli daga ƙasashe sama da 30 a faɗin duniya sun haɗu don shiga aikin Kwamitin Kimiyya kan Matsalolin Muhalli-Tasirin Muhalli na Yaƙin Nukiliya (SCOPE-ENUWAR). Wannan aikin ya tantance illolin yaƙin nukiliya a duniya baki ɗaya, wanda ya haifar da wani littafi mai jigo biyu mai taken ''Muhalli Sakamakon Yaƙin Nukiliya'', wanda ya yi cikakken bayani game da tasirin zahiri, yanayi, muhalli da noma na babban yaƙin nukiliya. A cikin littafin, an yi hasashen cewa biliyoyin waɗanda suka tsira bayan yaƙin nukiliya, har ma a ƙasashen da ba sa yaƙi, ''za su iya'' fuskantar raguwar wadatar abinci (idan ba a ɗauki matakan da gwamnati ke ɗauka don magance matsalar ba) wanda ke jefa waɗanda suka tsira cikin "matsanancin rashin abinci mai gina jiki da yunwa," kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, "ƙananan ƙalilan ne kawai na al'ummar duniya ta yanzu za su iya tsammanin su rayu shekaru kaɗan". Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da za su iya haifar da ƙarancin abinci mai yawa a faɗin duniya. Da farko, amfanin gona, abinci da kayan aikin noma da aka adana kamar taki da magungunan kashe kwari za a iya lalata su nan take a cikin fashewar makaman nukiliya; gurɓatar da makaman nukiliya na ƙasa, iska da ruwa na iya sa abinci ya zama mara aminci a ci, kuma amfanin gona ba za su iya girma yadda ya kamata ba; kuma gobarar da ba za a iya shawo kanta ba na iya kawo cikas ga ayyukan noma ko tara abinci na yau da kullun. Masana sun yi hasashen cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko da suka biyo bayan yakin nukiliya, tsare-tsare masu rikitarwa, kamar gurgunta tattalin arzikin duniya da tsarin kasuwanci, rugujewar hanyoyin sufuri da rarraba abinci na duniya, asarar abubuwan ƙarfafawa da shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje, matsanancin matsin lamba kan tsarin noma, da kuma rudani da katsewar da ke tattare da shi a cikin al'umma na iya haifar da ƙara matsalar ƙarancin abinci. <ref name="nuclearfamine">Harwell, M., and C. Harwell. (1986). "Nuclear Famine: The Indirect Effects of Nuclear War", pp. 117–135 in Solomon, F. and R. Marston (Eds.). ''The Medical Implications of Nuclear War''. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. {{ISBN|0309036925}}.</ref> Bayan wallafa littafin " ''Ilamomin Muhalli na Yaƙin Nukiliya"'', an sami ƙarin bincike dangane da ƙira da kuma nazarin musayar makaman nukiliya tsakanin ƙasashe masu makaman nukiliya. Kammalawar waɗannan binciken ya nuna cewa yaƙin nukiliya hanya ce ta halaka kai zuwa ga yunwar jama'a, kuma ya yi daidai da bayanin da aka yi a cikin ''The Medical Implications of Nuclear War'', wani littafi da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta buga, cewa "babban hanyar da ke haifar da mutuwar mutane ba za ta kasance daga tasirin fashewa ba, ba daga ƙonewar radiation mai zafi ba, kuma ba daga radiation mai ionizing ba, amma, maimakon haka, daga yunwar jama'a". Duk da cewa jimillar makaman nukiliya a duniya ya ragu da kashi biyu bisa uku bayan yarjejeniyar rage makamai ta dabarun Amurka da Tarayyar Soviet (START) idan aka kwatanta da farkon shekarun 80, wasu kwararru na ganin cewa barazanar rikicin nukiliya ba ta ragu ba, amma ta karu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yaduwar makaman nukiliya yayin da ƙasashe da yawa kamar Indiya, Pakistan, da Koriya ta Arewa ke da makaman nukiliya, wanda hakan ke ƙara haɗarin rikice-rikicen nukiliya a yankin. Ƙara yawan tashin hankalin soja, haɗurra, ɓarna da hare-haren yanar gizo duk suna iya haifar da babban cikas ga nukiliya da kuma yunwar yanki, idan ba a yi la'akari da ita ba a duniya. == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qj11w0kqyr5cb8kswd27i9uq98bfpvc 0 174984 968218 948027 2026-10-16T10:53:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Morgan's Point''' wani yanki ne da ke Bermuda wanda a da shine wurin da [[Naval Air Station Bermuda Annex|tashar jiragen saman sojojin ruwa ta Amurka ke zaune a Bermuda Annex]] . An ƙirƙiri yankin tsakanin 1941 da 1943 ta hanyar sake kwace filaye ta hannun [[United States Navy|Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka]], inda ta haɗu da [[Morgan's Island, Great Sound, Bermuda|Tsibirin Morgan]], [[Tucker's Island, Bermuda|Tsibirin Tucker]], da Babban Tsibiri don kafa abin da aka sani da farko da Sansanin Ayyukan Sojan Ruwa na Bermuda. Shigarwar ta yi aiki a matsayin jirgin ruwa mai haɗin gwiwa da kuma sansanin jirgin ruwa, daga baya kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na [[Naval Air Station Bermuda|Tashar Jiragen Sama ta Bermuda]] bayan raguwar amfani da jiragen ruwa a shekarun 1970. Sansanin ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa shekarar 1995, lokacin da aka rufe shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na janye sojoji bayan Yaƙin Cacar Baki, kuma aka mayar da ikon mallakar ƙasar ga Gwamnatin Bermuda. Hayar jiragen ruwan Amurka, wacce aka tsara tun shekaru 99 da suka gabata, ta ƙare da wuri .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bermuda's Environment |url=http://www.bermuda-online.org/environ.htm |access-date=2026-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304095913/http://www.bermuda-online.org/environ.htm |archive-date=2025-03-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == LEAD_SECTION == '''Morgan's Point''' wani yanki ne da ke Bermuda wanda a da shine wurin da [[Naval Air Station Bermuda Annex|tashar jiragen saman sojojin ruwa ta Amurka ke zaune a Bermuda Annex]] . An kuma ƙirƙiri yankin tsakanin 1941 da 1943 ta hanyar sake kwace filaye ta hannun [[United States Navy|Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka]], inda ta haɗu da [[Morgan's Island, Great Sound, Bermuda|Tsibirin Morgan]], [[Tucker's Island, Bermuda|Tsibirin Tucker]], da Babban Tsibiri don kafa abin da aka sani da farko da Sansanin Ayyukan Sojan Ruwa na Bermuda. Shigarwar ta yi aiki a matsayin jirgin ruwa mai haɗin gwiwa da kuma sansanin jirgin ruwa, daga baya kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na [[Naval Air Station Bermuda|Tashar Jiragen Sama ta Bermuda]] bayan raguwar amfani da jiragen ruwa a shekarun 1970. Sansanin ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa shekarar 1995, lokacin da aka rufe shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na janye sojoji bayan Yaƙin Cacar Baki, kuma aka mayar da ikon mallakar ƙasar ga Gwamnatin Bermuda. Hayar jiragen ruwan Amurka, wacce aka tsara tun shekaru 99 da suka gabata, ta ƙare da wuri .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bermuda's Environment |url=http://www.bermuda-online.org/environ.htm |access-date=2026-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304095913/http://www.bermuda-online.org/environ.htm |archive-date=2025-03-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Mictocaris_halope.jpg|right|thumb|Yawan jama'ar yana nan ne kawai a wurare biyar, wasu daga cikinsu suna fuskantar lalata muhallinsu.]] ==Manazarta== 75a5yz2v88p2m1vuqqjldavxteof09x 0 175129 968217 948490 2026-10-16T10:51:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Pogogyne abramsii 122487410.jpg|status=G1|status_system=TNC|status_ref=<ref name="NatureServe">{{cite web |title=Pogogyne abramsii |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.145565/Pogogyne_abramsii |website=NatureServe Explorer |date=5 December 2025|publisher=NatureServe |access-date=25 December 2025}}</ref>|status2=E|status2_system=ESA|status2_ref=<ref name="USFWS">USFWS. [http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_register/fr249.pdf Determination of five plants as endangered species]. ''Federal Register''</ref>|genus=Pogogyne|species=abramsii|authority=[[John Thomas Howell|J.T.Howell]]}} '''''Pogogyne abramsii''''' wani nau'in shuka ne mai fure wanda ba kasafai ake samunsa a cikin dangin na'a-na'a ba, wanda aka fi sani da '''San Diego mesa mint''' .{{Commonscat|Pogogyne abramsii|position=left}} == Bayani == ''Pogogyne abramsii'' ƙarami ne, mai ƙamshi, kuma mai gashi mai yawa na shekara-shekara, yana samar da tsayin tushe mai ƙanƙanta da ƙananan furanni masu haske a samansa. Inflorescences ɗin sun ƙunshi bracts masu launin kore masu launin shunayya da kuma sepals masu gashi masu yawa da ke kewaye da furanni masu launin kararrawa, kowannensu tsawon santimita ɗaya. Furen yana da launin ruwan hoda-shunayya tare da farin makogwaro mai dige-dige-dige-dige. Yana da ƙamshi mai ƙarfi na mint. [[File:Pogogyne_abramsii_181761256.jpg|thumb| Misalan kayan lambu na ''Pogogyne abramsii'']] Nau'o'in kudan zuma da dama suna [[Daukar kwayar fure|yin pollination]] na shukar, ciki har da ƙudan zuma ( ''Apis mellifera'' ), ''[[Exomalopsis nitens]]'' da ''[[Exomalopsis torticornis|E. tortikonni]]'', da kuma ƙudan zuma ''[[Bombylius facialis]]'' . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schiller |first=J. R. |display-authors=etal |year=2000 |title=The effect of density-dependent insect visits, flowering phenology, and plant size on seed set of the endangered vernal pool plant ''Pogogyne abramsii'' (Lamiaceae) in natural compared to created vernal pools |journal=Wetlands |volume=20 |page=2 |doi=10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0386:teoddi]2.0.co;2}}</ref> Wannan waƙar ''ta'' tuna da LeRoy Abrams . == Rarrabawa == Yana da yawa a gundumar San Diego, California, inda aka san shi ne kawai daga wurare kaɗan a [[Tafkin Vernal|wuraren waha na vernal]] a cikin da kewayen [[San Diego]] da kewayenta. Yawancin wuraren da ke cikin jirgin suna kan filin jirgin saman Marine Corps Air Station Miramar . An sanya wa shukar sunan [[Dokar Nau'in Halittu|jinsin da ke fuskantar barazanar karewa]] a gwamnatin tarayya tun daga shekarar 1978. [[File:Sandiegomesamint.jpg|thumb| Da yawa daga cikin tsirrai a wurin zama]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?4745,4847,4848 Maganin Jepson da hannu: ''Pogogyne abramsii''] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=POAB2 Bayanin Shuke-shuke na USDA: ''Pogogyne abramsii''] * [http://northcoastcnps.org/cgi-bin/inv/inventory.cgi/Go?_id=pogogyne_abramsii&sort=DEFAULT&search=Pogogyne%20abramsii Bayanin Shuke-shuken 'Yan Asalin California] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200227150650/http://www.californiachaparral.com/vernalpools.html Cibiyar Chaparral ta California: Wuraren Wanka na Vernal] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Pogogyne+abramsii ''Pogogyne abramsii'' — Hotunan hoto] <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Taxonbar|from=Q5476357}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tc68xyty6mil69jq6fe0sku7quzilqa 0 175177 967964 948601 2026-10-15T20:12:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{US Census population|2010=943|2020=1021}}{{Databox}} Moreland Township wani [[Pennsylvania]]" id="mwJw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="List of municipalities in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania">gari ne a cikin Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, Amurka . Yawan jama'a ya kai 1,021 a ƙidayar jama'a ta 2020. Yana daga cikin Williamsport Metropolitan Statistical Area . == Tarihi == Moreland Township originally covered the entire southeast corner of Lycoming County but was divided into three townships in 1822. One part kept the name Moreland, while the other two parts were Penn and Franklin Township. An kara gadar Lairdsville Covered Bridge a cikin National Register of Historic Places a cikin 1980. An kara gonar Houseknecht a cikin shekara ta 2007. === Sunan === Akwai labaru da yawa game da yadda aka sanya sunan garin Moreland. Wani labari ya bayyana cewa wani majagaba na farko zuwa West Branch Susquehanna River Valley yana hawa da sauka daga tuddai kuma a lokacin da ya kai saman tudu ya ce, "ƙasa mafi yawa!"Wani labari kuma yana da alaƙa da "rashin hankali" na binciken ƙasa na farko. Ba lallai ba ne a auna acre daidai. Wadannan takamaiman kadada sun fi girma fiye da yadda ya kamata su kasance. Mutanen da suka fara zama suna son cewa sun sami "ƙasa da yawa" a nan fiye da yadda za su iya samu a wasu wurare. Dalilin da ya fi dacewa ya danganta da ma'anar ma'anar moreland, ma'ana "ƙasar tuddai". === Mazauna farko === Wani tsohon soja na Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka shine mazaunin farko a garin Moreland . Colonel George Smith ya yi ƙaura zuwa Moreland Township daga Montgomery County a cikin shekara ta 1790. Ya gina gristmill a can a cikin shekara ta 1796. Smith da matarsa iyaye ne na yara shida, maza uku da mata uku. Aure na 'yarsa Annie ga wani Quaker mai suna William Farr ya haifar da wasu rikice-rikice a farkon tarihin Moreland Township. William Farr ya fito ne daga dangi mai tsauri na Quaker wanda bai kalli zaɓin amarya da alheri ba. Ikilisiyar Quaker ta yankin ta nace cewa Farr ya furta cewa ya yi kuskure wajen yin aure ba tare da [[Imani|bangaskiya]] ba. Farr ya ki yin hakan kuma ya nace cewa matarsa ta Baptist, Annie, mace ce mai kyau ta [[Kirista]]. An tilasta wa Farr ya zabi tsakanin bangaskiyarsa ta Quaker da matarsa ta Baptist. Ya zaɓi matarsa kuma ya tuba zuwa addinin Baptist. Dan Colonel Smith, Jonathan, shi ma yana da aure wanda ya zama mai ban sha'awa. Ya auri Annie Simpson, 'yar'uwar John Simpson ta [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]]. John Simpson shi ne kakan Ulysses S. Grant wanda ya zama shugaban Amurka. Wannan dangantakar iyali tana nufin cewa yawancin mazaunan garin Moreland a tsakiyar karni na 19 sun kasance 'yan uwan na biyu ga mutumin da ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban su. Garin Moreland yana cikin kudu maso gabashin Lycoming County kuma yana da iyaka da yankunan Columbia da Montour a kudu, Muncy Creek Township a yamma, Wolf Township a arewa maso yamma, Penn Township a Arewa, da Franklin Township a gabas. Hanyar Pennsylvania 442 ta haye kudancin garin, tana jagorantar arewa maso yammacin kilomita 8 (13 zuwa Muncy da kudu maso gabas kilomita 10 (16 zuwa Millville. Hanyar Pennsylvania 118 ta haye arewacin garin, tana jagorantar yammacin mil 4 (6 zuwa Hughesville da gabas-arewa maso gabas mil 40 (64 zuwa Dallas. Williamsport, wurin zama na gundumar Lycoming, yana da mil 21 (kilomita 34) a yammacin garin. A cewar , Moreland Township yana da jimlar yanki na murabba'in kilomita .1 (6.3 ), daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 23.9 (61.9 km2) ƙasa ne kuma murabba'insa kilomita 0.1 (0.3 km2), ko 0.55%, ruwa ne. [[Muncy Creek]]">Little Muncy Creek shine babban rafi ta cikin garin, yana gudana zuwa yamma don shiga Muncy Creek sannan kuma West Branch Susquehanna River kusa da Muncy. Wani karamin bangare na gefen kudancin garin yana gudana ta hanyar West Branch na Chillisquaque Creek, wani mai ba da gudummawa na West Branch of the Susquehanna. Yankin arewacin garin yana gudana zuwa yamma ta hanyar Sugar Run da Little Sugar Run zuwa Muncy Creek kusa da Hughesville. == Tattalin arziki da muhalli == Rijiyar Harman Lewis 1H, rijiyar iskar gas ta Marcellus Formation a cikin garin Moreland, tana da kwararar methane tun shekara ta 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Levy |first=Mark |date=January 14, 2020 |title=State orders gas well plugged in fight over methane leaks |url=https://www.altoonamirror.com/news/pennsylvania-news-apwire/2020/01/state-orders-gas-well-plugged-in-fight-over-methane-leaks/ |access-date=January 17, 2020 |website=Altoona Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Snook |first=Morgan |date=January 15, 2020 |title=Hughesville landowners hosting leaking well say Range Resources didn't cause contamination |url=https://www.northcentralpa.com/news/local/hughesville-landowners-hosting-leaking-well-say-range-resources-didn-t/article_79e9b608-37d8-11ea-9d0f-538f1d8e2dc0.html |access-date=February 26, 2020 |website=NorthcentralPA.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2020, [[Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli ta Pennsylvania]] (DEP) ta ba da umarni ga mai aiki da rijiyar, Range Resources, don magance matsalolin leakage "sau ɗaya kuma gaba ɗaya".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Cocklin |first=Jamison |date=January 15, 2020 |title=Pennsylvania Regulators, Range Resources Face Off Over Problem NatGas Well |url=https://www.naturalgasintel.com/articles/120769-pennsylvania-regulators-range-resources-face-off-over-problem-natgas-well?v=preview |access-date=January 17, 2020 |website=www.naturalgasintel.com}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Associated Press |date=January 14, 2020 |title=Pennsylvania orders gas well plugged in fight over methane |url=https://www.wtae.com/article/pennsylvania-orders-gas-well-plugged-in-fight-over-methane/30514568 |access-date=February 26, 2020 |website=WTAE |language=en}}</ref> An samo iskar gas "a cikin ruwa mai zurfi, a cikin binciken ƙasa a cikin gonakin gona da ke kusa da Greg's Run da Sugar Run".<ref name=":0" /> == Yawan jama'a == {{US Census population|estyear=2021|estimate=1017|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2020-2021"/>|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref>|2010=943|2020=1021}}Ya zuwa ƙidayar jama'a <ref name="GR2">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov |access-date=2008-01-31 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> na 2000, akwai mutane 1,036 , gidaje 367 da iyalai 311 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan jama'a ya kasance mazauna 43.3 a kowace murabba'in mil (16.7/km). Akwai gidaje 391 a matsakaicin matsakaicin 16.3/sq mi (6.3/km²). &nbsp;Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 99.52% fari, 0.19% Ba'amurke, 0.10% 'Yan asalin Amurka, da 0.19% daga kabilu biyu ko fiye. Akwai gidaje 367, daga cikinsu kashi 37.3% suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 75.7% [[Aure|ma'aurata]] ne da ke zaune mmogo, kashi 4.4% suna da mace mai gida ba tare da miji ba, kuma kashi 15.0% ba iyalai ba ne. 12.3% na dukkan gidaje sun kunshi mutane, kuma 6.5% suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 2.82 kuma matsakaicin girman iyalin ya kasance 3.08. A cikin garin yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da kashi 26.9% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 6.1% daga 18 zuwa 24, 29.2% daga 25 zuwa 44, 25.0% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 12.8% waɗanda suka kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 40. Ga kowane mata 100 akwai maza 104.3. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 da sama da haka, akwai maza 100.8. [[Median income|matsakaicin kudin shiga]] na iyali a cikin garin ya kai $ 41,528, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin haya na iyali ya kai $ 46,000. Maza suna da matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na $ 32,273 tare da $ 24,464 ga mata. Kudin shiga na kowane mutum a garin ya kai dala 17,680. Kimanin kashi 5.8% na iyalai da kashi 6.6% na yawan jama'a sun kasance a ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da kashi 8.1% na waɗanda ba su kai shekara 18 ba da kuma kashi 9.2% na waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2f9x54609txkp5s59qr3e6ph2qybsxw 0 175300 968101 948891 2026-10-16T09:14:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Peschanaya</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Yankin da ke cike da duwatsu</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Ƙauyen</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Russia_administrative_location_map_and_Crimea_dashed.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Peschanaya is located in Russia]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:78.085%;left:57.772%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Peschanaya]]</div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Peschanaya</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a cikin Rasha</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Peschanaya,_Irkutsk_Oblast&params=53_17_08_N_107_36_08_E_type:city_region:RU <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°17′08′′N</span> <span class="longitude">107°36′08′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.28556°N 107.60222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.28556; 107.60222</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:5}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Peschanaya,_Irkutsk_Oblast&params=53_17_08_N_107_36_08_E_type:city_region:RU <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°17′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">107°36′08″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.28556°N 107.60222°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">53.28556; 107.60222</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Rasha[[File:Flag_of_Russia.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Batun Tarayya | class="infobox-data" |Yankin Irkutsk |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gundumar Gudanarwa | class="infobox-data" |Gundumar Olkhonsky |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ƙungiyar birni | class="infobox-data" |Khuzirskiy |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+08 (IRKT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lambar gidan waya | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">666137</div> |} '''Peschanaya''' (Russian) ƙauye ne a cikin Gundumar Olkhonsky ta Yankin Irkutsk na Rasha, wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar Khuzhirskiy . Yana cikin bay Nurganskaya Guba a tsakiyar yammacin gabar Tsibirin Olkhon, a kilomita 12 arewa maso gabas daga ƙauyen Kharantsy .&nbsp; ƙarshen shekarun 1930 kusa da ƙauyen an kafa sansanin aiki na gyarawa ga waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci na hooliganism da sata.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Mysterious Olkhon.Nurganskaya Guba (Peschanaya) |url=http://olkhon-myst.ru/guide-to-olkhon/places/peschanka |access-date=2015-11-22 |publisher=Olkhon Myst |language=ru}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sansanin ya kasance wani ɓangare na tsarin GULAG, an rufe barikin da waya mai tsayi. Fursunoni sun yi aiki a kan jiragen kamun kifi, a masana'antar kifi da kuma katako. [[File:Ruins_of_pier_at_Peschany_Camp,_Olkhon.jpg|thumb|Rushewar tashar jiragen ruwa a sansanin aiki na Peschany, tsibirin Olkhon, tare da babban yankin da ke gaba, kamar yadda aka gani a shekarar 2014]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 4219of40hb028fkb28mrr9bnsjpj279 0 175339 968176 949002 2026-10-16T10:16:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|status={{TNCStatus}}|status_system=TNC|status_ref=<ref name="TNC status 27 May 2022">{{Cite web|date=2022 |url= https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.140536|access-date=27 May 2022 |website=NatureServe Explorer Huperzia mannii |publisher=NatureServe|title= NatureServe Explorer }}</ref>|genus=Phlegmariurus|species=mannii|authority=([[William Hillebrand|Hillebr.]]) W.H.Wagner<ref name=CFLW/>|synonyms={{Species list |Huperzia mannii|(Hillebr.) Holub |Lycopodium mannii|(Hillebr.) Skottsb. |Lycopodium phlegmaria var. mannii|Hillebr. }}|synonyms_ref=<ref name=CFLW/>}} '''''Phlegmariurus mannii''''', ma'ana '''''Huperzia mannii''''', nau'in lycopod ne, wanda aka sani da sunaye na gama gari '''Mann's clubmoss''' da '''''wawae ʻ iole''''' . Yana da yawa a [[Hawaii]], inda akwai mutane shida kacal da suka rage. <ref name="tnc">{{Cite web |title=Huperzia mannii |url=http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Huperzia+mannii |publisher=The Nature Conservancy |access-date=2026-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071004013953/http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Huperzia+mannii |archive-date=2007-10-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nau'in halittar [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] ne da gwamnatin tarayya ta lissafa a matsayin [[Dokar Nau'in Halittu|wanda ke fuskantar barazanar karewa]] . Wannan shukar epiphyte ce da ke tsiro a kan wasu shuke-shuke, musamman koa ( ''[[Acacia koa]]'' ), ʻ ( ''Cheirodendron trigynum'' ), da kuma kawa ʻ ( ''Ilex anomala'' ). Yana da tushe mai rataye, rassansa, ja, wanda bai wuce {{Convert|10|cm|in}} dogon lokaci. Kowanne reshe yana da layuka uku na ganye masu kama da haƙori. Lokacin da ake sake hayayyafa, shukar tana samar da rassan 'ya'yan itace wanda zai iya kaiwa {{Convert|20|cm|in}} dogon lokaci. <ref name="hcwcs" /> A yau, an san shukar ne daga wasu abubuwan da suka faru a tsibiran Maui da Hawaii . An san shi a tarihi daga Kauai, amma ana iya cire shi a can. <ref name="tnc" /> Rayuwarsa na fuskantar barazana sakamakon lalacewar muhalli da aladu na daji, shanu, da nau'ikan shuke-shuke da aka gabatar, da kuma ƙarancin yawansu ke haifarwa. <ref name="tnc" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4z663stuosfk5elnae4r9cj7l2vbn4u 0 175351 967881 949017 2026-10-15T16:30:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Merton J. Peck''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Disambar shekarar 1925 - ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Maris na shekarar 2013) masanin tattalin arziki ne na ƙasar Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2013 |title=In Memoriam: Merton Joseph Peck |url=https://news.yale.edu/2013/03/06/memoriam-merton-joseph-peck |publisher=[[Yale News]] |publication-place=New Haven}}</ref> An haifi Peck a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] . A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, ya yi aiki a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Amurka. Bayan yaƙin, ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Oberlin tare da digiri na farko da masters da doctorate daga [[Jami'ar Harvard]]. Mai ba da shawara game da digirinsa shi ne Edward S. Mason . Bayan ya sami digirinsa, ya koyar a Jami'ar Michigan, Harvard, kuma a ƙarshe Jami'ar Yale a cikin shekarar 1963, inda ya zauna har zuwa shekara ta 2003. A wannan lokacin, ya yi aiki a Majalisar Masu Ba da Shawara ta Tattalin Arziki daga shekarar 1968 zuwa shekara ta 1969. Ya kuma kasance Whiz Kid a ƙarƙashin Robert McNamara . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 4, 1968 |title=Economic Planner; Merton Joseph Peck |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1968/01/04/archives/economic-planner-merton-joseph-peck.html |publisher=[[New York Times]] |publication-place=New York}}</ref> A shekara ta 2013, ya mutu a [[Florida]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 18, 2013 |title=Professor Led the Economics Department during Its 'Golden Age' |url=https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2013/03/18/professor-led-the-economics-department-during-its-golden-age/ |publisher=[[Yale Daily News]] |publication-place=New Haven}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1925]] 6qw877o47jxpe410ymddqg1gzgqc4ue 0 175409 968017 963626 2026-10-15T23:07:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hendrik Egnatius 'Naas' Botha''' (an haife shi 27 Fabrairu 1958) tsohon dan wasan Ƙungiyar rugby ta Afirka ta Kudu ne wanda ya taka leda a matsayin Fly-half na Arewacin Transvaal, Rugby Rovigo da Afirka ta Kudu (Springboks). An zabe shi dan wasan rugby na shekara a 1979, 1981, 1985 da 1987. Botha galibi ya taka leda a matsayi na tsakiya kuma yanzu mai sharhi ne na rugby ga tashoshin M-Net da Supersport na Afirka ta Kudu.<ref name="WhosWho">{{Cite web |title=Who's Who of Southern Africa |url=http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=4580 |access-date=6 June 2009 |publisher=24.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828042157/http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=4580 |archive-date=28 August 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An nada shi Darakta na Rugby a Hoërskool Eldoraigne a shekarar 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2023 |title=Naas Botha Takes the Helm as Director of Rugby at Hoërskool Eldoraigne |url=https://saschoolsports.co.za/naas-botha-takes-the-helm-as-director-of-rugby-at-eldoraigne/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=SA School Sports |language=en}}</ref> == Iyali da farkon aiki == An haifi Botha a garin Breyten a Gabashin Transvaal (yanzu Mpumalanga), Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya tafi makaranta a [[Hoërskool Hendrik Verwoerd]] a [[Pretoria]] . Yayinda yake yaro, Botha yana da burin yin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ya nemi tallafin karatu a Amurka. Botha kuma ya kasance mai kyau a makarantar cricket da kuma dan wasan tennis kuma mai tsere. Koyaya, an zaɓi Botha don buga wa ƙungiyar rugby ta Afirka ta Kudu ta ƙasa da shekara 20, inda ya kama idanun masu zaɓe yayin da yake dalibi a [[Jami'ar Pretoria]] . A sakamakon haka, Botha ya buga gwajin farko ga Springboks a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 1980 yana da shekaru 22 a matsayin flyhalf da Kudancin Amurka a Wanderers, [[Johannesburg]] . == Ƙungiyar Rugby == Botha an fi saninsa da tsalle-tsalle sosai (duka hagu da dama), wanda ya ba shi laƙabi "Nasty Booter" daga 'yan jaridar Burtaniya lokacin da Lions na Burtaniya suka zagaya Afirka ta Kudu a 1980. An fi tunawa da shi saboda iyawarsa a matsayin mai cin nasara sosai a cikin yanayin matsin lamba kuma an kuma dauke shi da kyakkyawar fahimtar rugby. Duk da yake a wasu lokuta ana sukar Botha saboda kauce wa hulɗa ta jiki kuma ba ya gudu da kwallon, yadda yake sarrafa kwallon ya kasance mai basira sosai kuma zai iya samun layin baya yana motsawa da sauri tare da daidaitattun gajeren lokaci da dogon lokaci. A sakamakon haka, ya zira kwallaye da yawa kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga wasu da yawa. Koyaya, wasu suna la'akari da cewa yana da ɗan rauni a cikin tsaro. Duk da haka, Danie Craven ya taɓa cewa, "Ka ba ni Naas, kuma zan ci duniya!" Baya ga ayyukansa na wasan rugby na Springbok, Botha ya kuma buga wa lardin Arewacin Transvaal (mai suna "Blou Bulle", wanda ke nufin "Blue Bulls", yanzu sunansu na hukuma) daga 1977 zuwa 1995. A wannan lokacin sun lashe Kofin Currie sau tara (suna raba shi sau biyu tare da Lardin Yamma a 1979 da 1989). Ya kuma kasance kyaftin din lardin sau 128 kuma ya zira kwallaye 2,511 (ciki har da maki 1,699 a gasar cin kofin Currie). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Currie Cup Final by the numbers |url=https://rugby365.com/tournaments/currie-cup/news-currie-cup/currie-cup-final-by-the-numbers/ |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=rugby365.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2016-07-20 |title=Naas Botha - The Perfect 10 |url=https://realrugby.co.za/naas-botha-perfect-10/ |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=Real Rugby |language=en-ZA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091209/https://realrugby.co.za/naas-botha-perfect-10/ |archive-date=2024-10-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] qg32ljtyzjrtxuhgxer4w655y0fzcj7 0 175641 968049 949701 2026-10-16T01:53:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nicolaas Mattheus na Jager''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Nico de Jager''' ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma memba ne na Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Gauteng na Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance (DA). A baya ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Mayoral na Ayyukan Muhalli da Infrastructure a Birnin Johannesburg a karkashin Mayor Herman Mashaba daga 2017 zuwa 2019 kuma a matsayin wakilin birni daga 2005 zuwa 2021. == Ilimi == De Jager ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Langenhoven a Riversdale, Western Cape . Yana da cancanta a cikin gwamnati da tattalin arziki. == Ayyukan siyasa == Bayan Zaben birni na 2000, De Jager ya ci gaba da zama shugaban reshe na reshen Thabeni na Democratic Alliance a [[Johannesburg]]. Ya zama wakilin DA PR a shekara ta 2005. De Jager ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Inuwa na DA na Sufuri a cikin birni. A watan Satumbar 2016, an zabe shi shugaban kwamitin sufuri na sashi na 79 na birnin. A watan Fabrairun 2017, an nada De Jager a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Mayoral na Muhalli da Ayyukan Infrastructure, ya maye gurbin Anthony Still . Ya yi aiki har zuwa Nuwamba 2019, lokacin da magajin gari Herman Mashaba ya yi murabus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2019 |title=Herman Mashaba quits as Johannesburg Mayor - what happens now? |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/herman-mashaba-latest-news-resigns-why-who-replacement-what-next/ |access-date=21 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120140250/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/herman-mashaba-latest-news-resigns-why-who-replacement-what-next/ |archive-date=20 January 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An rantsar da De Jager a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Gauteng a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2021. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=GPLegislature}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na 2021, De Jager ya zargi Castro Ntobeko, memba na [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka]] kuma ma'aikacin Ma'aikatar Gudanar da hadin gwiwa da Harkokin Al'adu ta Gauteng, don murna da mutuwar maza hudu kuma ya yi kira da a dakatar da shi nan da nan. Ya ce a watan Mayu na 2021 cewa DA ta yi adawa da sake sunan William Nicol Drive zuwa Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Drive saboda lokacin saboda tasirin COVID-19 a kan kasuwanni a yankin kuma ba saboda sunan kanta ba.[1] De Jager ya soki ANC a watan Yunin 2021 saboda kin tashi tutar Rainbow a majalisar Johannesburg City, a lokacin watan alfahari. == Rayuwa ta mutum == De Jager ɗan luwaɗi ne. Ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan majalisa masu luwadi a Johannesburg lokacin da yake dan majalisa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ngsm8ophcldgd59ojkf63pek7trueld 0 176081 968074 951199 2026-10-16T06:27:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Otal ɗin Lovat''' wani otal ne da ke Fort Augustus, a ƙarshen kudancin [[Loch Ness]] a [[Scotland]], wanda aka gina shi a shekarun 1860. Yana tsaye a wurin da Kilwhimen Barracks yake, ɗaya daga cikin sansanonin sojojin Hanover guda huɗu kacal da aka gina don kwantar da hankalin [[Yankunan tsaunuka na Scotland|tsaunuka]] bayan hawan Jacobites na 1715 da hawan Jacobites na 1719. Bangon labulen yamma na tsohon sansanin soja har yanzu yana nan a harabar otal ɗin kuma tsawonsa ya kai mita 34 da tsayinsa mita 4. Yarima Bonnie Charlie yana cikin barikin soja kafin ya ba da umarnin kai hari kan sansanin Abbey na baya inda sansanin Augustus Abbey na yanzu yake. == A matsayin otal, 1869 - yanzu == A kusan shekarar 1869, Murdoch Bayne ya zama mutum na farko da ya gudanar da ginin a matsayin otal. A wannan lokacin, an san shi da "Masoyin Gida". A ranar 22 ga Yuli, 1903, an buɗe layin dogo na Invergarry da Fort Augustus, wanda ke gudana daga Fort Augustus zuwa [[Babbar gadar Spean|Spean Bridge]], kuma otal ɗin ya canza suna zuwa "The Lovat Arms & Station Hotel". Layin layin dogo ya rufe na ɗan lokaci a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 1911, sannan ya sake buɗewa a ranar 1 ga Agusta 1913 kafin daga ƙarshe ya rufe a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1946. == Kayan aikin otal == Otal ɗin yana da ɗakuna 29 a hawa biyu da kuma gidan cin abinci mai launuka uku masu kyau, Station Road. Otal ɗin yana aiki ne a matsayin wurin bikin aure kuma ana iya hayar sa ne kawai don taro ko biki. Otal ɗin yana kan [[Loch Ness]] a cikin tsaunukan Scotland da kuma kusa da Gidan Cawdor, Gidan Urquhart da kuma Canal na Caledonian. === Kyaututtuka === * Hukumar yawon bude ido ta Scotland, VisitScotland, ta ba wa Otal ɗin Lovat lambar yabo ta zinare <ref>{{Cite web |title=VisitScotland's Quality Guidelines for Gold Award |url=http://www.visitscotland.com/quality-assurance/star-grading-scheme/ |access-date=2 August 2010 |publisher=VisitScotland}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lovat Hotel's profile on VisitScotland |url=http://guide.visitscotland.com/vs/guide/5,en,SCH1/objectId,ACC35665Svs,curr,GBP,season,at1,selectedEntry,home,topNav,1/home.html |access-date=2 August 2010 |publisher=VisitScotland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806122945/http://guide.visitscotland.com/vs/guide/5,en,SCH1/objectId,ACC35665Svs,curr,GBP,season,at1,selectedEntry,home,topNav,1/home.html |archive-date=6 August 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Otal ɗin Lovat yana cikin Tsarin Kasuwancin Yawon Bude Ido na Green na VisitScotland <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lovat Hotel's profile on VisitScotland |url=http://guide.visitscotland.com/vs/guide/5,en,SCH1/objectId,ACC35665Svs,curr,GBP,season,at1,selectedEntry,home,topNav,1/home.html |access-date=2 August 2010 |publisher=VisitScotland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806122945/http://guide.visitscotland.com/vs/guide/5,en,SCH1/objectId,ACC35665Svs,curr,GBP,season,at1,selectedEntry,home,topNav,1/home.html |archive-date=6 August 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * AA ta ba wa Otal ɗin Lovat taurari huɗu da kuma Otal ɗin Restaurant, Station Road kyaututtukan Red Rosettes guda 3. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lovat Hotel Restaurant awards |url=http://www.thelovat.com/Dining/Restaurant.aspx |access-date=3 August 2010 |publisher=Lovat Hotel website |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806181759/http://www.thelovat.com/Dining/Restaurant.aspx |archive-date=6 August 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == ovku3nqs4asdm1a85ax6huobq6n8q6h 0 176199 967851 951479 2026-10-15T14:31:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}American Booksellers for Free Expression ('''ABFE''') kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke aiki a matsayin reshe na bayar da shawarwari na American Bookselleres Association (ABA) don inganta 'yancin magana da faɗar albarkacin baki a Amurka. An kafa kungiyar ne a cikin 1990 a matsayin Gidauniyar Masu Siyar da Littattafai ta Amurka don Bayyanawa kyauta (ABFFE). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Free Expression (ABFFE) |url=https://www.bookweb.org/advocacy/free-expression |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=the American Booksellers Association}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2015, ABFFE ta haɗu da ABA kuma ta zama ABFE.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Nov 18, 2014 |title=ABFFE to Merge With ABA: Free Speech Programming to Expand |url=https://www.bookweb.org/news/abffe-merge-aba-free-speech-programming-expand}}</ref> Kungiyar tana aiki a matakin kasa da na gida don tallafawa mutanen da ke nuna adawa da kalubalen littafi da haramtacciyar doka. ABFE kuma tana ba da albarkatu da ilimi ga masu sayar da littattafai, 'yan siyasa, manema labarai, da jama'a game da muhimmancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Darakta na yanzu na ABFE shine David Grogan, wanda ya ɗauki matsayin a shekarar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-05 |title=ABA Promotes David Grogan to Director of ABFE, Advocacy and Public Policy |url=https://www.bookweb.org/news/aba-promotes-david-grogan-director-abfe-advocacy-and-public-policy-102943 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=the American Booksellers Association}}</ref> Darakta na baya shi ne Chris Finan, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan National Coalition Against Censorship (NCAC) daga 2017 har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-21 |title=ABFE Director Chris Finan to Leave ABA |url=https://www.bookweb.org/news/abfe-director-chris-finan-leave-aba-36309 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=the American Booksellers Association}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Albanese |first=Andrew |date=16 March 2023 |title=NCAC Executive Director Christopher Finan to Retire |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/91763-ncac-executive-director-christopher-finan-to-retire.html |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=PublishersWeekly.com |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan shari'a == === Ayyukan shari'a a matsayin ABFFE (1990-2015) === The predecessor to the ABFE, the American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression, participated in legal cases involving the First Amendment and free speech. They filed an amicus brief in the Supreme Court case <nowiki><i id="mwKQ">US v Stevens</i></nowiki> (2010); filed a brief in Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations (2009); and filed briefs in ''The American Academy of Religion, Association of American University Presses, PEN American Center, Ramadan v Chertoff et al.'' and ''Trump v O’Brien''. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2024}} ABFFE ta kasance mai aiki a cikin kamfen na shekaru biyar don dawo da tsare sirri na masu karatu wanda Dokar PATRIOT ta Amurka ta shafa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Restoring Safeguards for Reader Privacy Eliminated by the USAPatriot Act |url=http://www.readerprivacy.org/news.jsp?id=33 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001192607/http://www.readerprivacy.org/news.jsp?id=33 |archive-date=2009-10-01 |access-date=2009-08-13}}</ref> ABFFE ta bi diddigin duk shari'o'in da masu tilasta bin doka suka yi na kwace bayanan kantin littattafai a wannan lokacin. === Ayyukan shari'a a matsayin ABFE (2015-Yanzu) === Masu sayar da littattafai na Amurka don Magana ta kyauta suna shiga cikin shari'o'in shari'a da suka shafi haƙƙin Kwaskwarimar Farko da haƙƙin Kwaskarwarimar goma sha huɗu. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta shiga cikin hadin gwiwar da aka keɓe don kare 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki ta hanyar shirya da kuma ba da shawara ta shari'a, kamar Free Expression Network (FEN). <ref>{{Cite web |title=ABFE & Free Speech |url=https://www.bookweb.org/abfe-free-speech |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=the American Booksellers Association}}</ref> A cikin 2022, ABFE ta kasance wani ɓangare na hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin masu sayar da littattafai waɗanda suka kawo karar da aka yi wa jihar [[Texas]] ta kalubalanci sabuwar dokar tantancewa da ake kira Dokar Ƙuntata Bayanai da Bayani da Matasa (READER) wanda zai sanya tsarin ƙuntataccen abun ciki a kan littattafan da aka sayar wa ɗakunan karatu na makaranta a jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Gary |date=2023-07-25 |title=Lawsuit: Coalition of Local and National Booksellers, Authors and Publishers File Suit to Challenge New Censorship Law and Defend the Right of Free Expression in Texas |url=https://www.infodocket.com/2023/07/25/lawsuit-coalition-of-local-and-national-booksellers-authors-and-publishers-file-suit-to-challenge-new-censorship-law-and-defend-the-right-of-free-expression-in-texas/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Library Journal infoDOCKET |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2024, Kotun daukaka kara ta Amurka ta Fifth Circuit ta amince da hukuncin kotun da ta yanke a madadin masu shigar da kara, ta hana aiwatar da doka a kan dalilin cewa Dokar READER ba ta dace da kundin tsarin mulki ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Jordan |date=2024-01-18 |title=‘Good day for free expression’ after Fifth Circuit blocks Texas’ controversial book rating law {{!}} The Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression |url=https://www.thefire.org/news/good-day-free-expression-after-fifth-circuit-blocks-texas-controversial-book-rating-law |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=www.thefire.org |language=en}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2022, ACLU ta gabatar da wani yunkuri na korar a Virginia a madadin ABFE da sauran kungiyoyi, don mayar da martani ga karar da ta yi jayayya cewa Gender Queer: A Memoir by Maia Kobabe da A Court of Mist and Fury by Sarah J. Maas ne obscene sabili da haka sayar da littafin ya lalata a ƙuntata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moomaw |first=Graham |last2= |first2= |last3= |date=2022-07-06 |title=Free-speech groups, book world fight back in Virginia obscenity case |url=https://virginiamercury.com/2022/07/06/free-speech-groups-book-world-fight-back-in-virginia-obscenity-case/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Virginia Mercury |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2022, wani alƙali na jihar Virginia ya fitar da karar, kuma bisa tushen rashin bin doka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Albanese |first=Andrew |title=Judge Tosses Virginia Obscenity Cases, Declares State Law Unconstitutional |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/libraries/article/90209-judge-tosses-virginia-obscenity-cases-declares-state-law-unconstitutional.html |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=PublishersWeekly.com |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == American Booksellers for Free Expression shine mai tallafawa taron shekara-shekara na Banned Books Week a Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Coalition {{!}} Banned Books Week |url=https://bannedbooksweek.org/sponsors/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, kungiyar ta shiga cikin shirin taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABFE & Free Speech |url=https://www.bookweb.org/abfe-free-speech |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=the American Booksellers Association}}</ref> Manufar Banned Books Week ita ce ta zama sanarwa game da darajar 'yancin ilimi a karatu da kuma haskaka kalubalen da littattafai da marubuta da suka fuskanta waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin tantancewa ko ƙuntatawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borresen |first=Jennifer |date=2 October 2023 |title=Banned Books Week: A visual dive into an alarming increase in attempts to restrict books |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/graphics/2023/10/02/banned-books-week-data-visualization/70963214007/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Masu shirya taron da masu tallafawa suna da niyyar wayar da kan jama'a da inganta tattaunawa game da muhimmancin budewa ga ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyin daban-daban a cikin adabi. ABFE kuma tana tallafawa Kids" Right to Read Project, hadin gwiwa tare da National Coalition Against Censorship, wanda "ke ba da tallafi, ilimi, da kuma bayar da shawarwari ga mutanen da ke fuskantar ƙalubalen littafi ko haramta kuma yana shiga masu gwagwarmayar cikin gida wajen inganta 'yancin karatu. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-30 |title=Kids' Right to Read Project |url=https://ncac.org/project/the-kids-right-to-read-project |website=National Coalition Against Censorship}}</ref> Kungiyar tana kula da "Map na Hamayya", wanda aka buga a shafin yanar gizon ABA. Taswirar ta nuna jihohin da suka gabatar da dokokin da "ta yi barazana ga 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki", da kuma yunkurin ABFE na kayar da wannan dokar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABFE Oppositions Map |url=https://www.bookweb.org/abfe/oppositions-map |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=the American Booksellers Association}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Har ila yau, kungiyar tana bin diddigin kuma tana buga ƙalubalen littafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advocacy |url=https://www.bookweb.org/advocacy |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=the American Booksellers Association}}</ref> A cikin 2020, ABFE ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ke nuna rashin amincewa da littafin American Dirt mai rikitarwa. An soke yawon shakatawa na littafin saboda barazanar kauracewa da kuma barazanar tashin hankali ga marubucin. A cikin 2023, ABFE ta buga The ABA Right to Read Toolkit: Yadda Masu Siyar da Littattafai da Masu Karatu Za Su Iya Tsayayya da Dokar Littafin. Ana samun takardar kyauta don karantawa da saukewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The ABA Right to Read Toolkit |url=https://www.bookweb.org/aba-right-read-toolkit |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=the American Booksellers Association}}</ref> Ya ƙunshi bayani game da tarihin da kuma niyyar bayan haramtacciyar littafi, shawara game da yadda za a tsayayya da haramtacciya ta littafi (ciki har da shawara game da hanyar aiwatar da dabarun kamar karantawa, da kuma yadda za a magance cin zarafin kan layi), da kuma bayani game da ayyukan ABFE da ABA. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q2kv0ktv0h01za5sfx7evxyl9ztqhli 0 176239 968100 957323 2026-10-16T09:03:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{| class="infobox scotus" style="line-height: 1.4em" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #99c0ff; color:inherit; padding: 0.2em; line-height: 1.4em; font-size:125%; font-style: italic" |Peel v. Hukumar Kula da Shari'a ta Illinois |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg|link=|alt=|100x100px|Seal of the United States Supreme Court]]<div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-top: 0.5em; font-weight: bold">[[Supreme Court of the United States|Kotun Koli ta Amurka]]</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; color:inherit; white-space:nowrap" |An yi jayayya da Janairu 17, 1990 An yanke shawarar Yuni 4, 1990<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Cikakken sunan shari'a | class="infobox-data" |''Peel v. Hukumar Rijistar Lauyan da Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Illinois'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ba a yi amfani da shi ba. | class="infobox-data" |[https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/88-1775.html 88-1775] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Bayani | class="infobox-data" |496 U.S. [https://supreme.justia.com/us/496/91/case.html 91] (fiye da haka) <div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tattaunawar | class="infobox-data" |[https://www.oyez.org/cases/1989/88-1775 Tattaunawar baki] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; color:inherit; white-space:nowrap" |Tarihin shari'a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kafin | class="infobox-data" |Mai amsawa ya zargi, In Re Peel, 126 Ill. 2d [https://law.justia.com/cases/illinois/supreme-court/1989/66771-7.html 397] (1989); certiorari da aka ba shi, 492 US 917 (1989) |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; color:inherit; white-space:nowrap" |Tsayawa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Tallace-tallace na lauya wanda ya bayyana daidai takardar shaidar ƙwararru mai zaman kanta ba ta yaudara ba, sabili da haka an kare shi azaman magana ta kasuwanci a ƙarƙashin Kwaskwarimar Farko. |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; color:inherit; white-space:nowrap" |Kasancewar membobin Kotun |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | ; Babban Mai Shari'a : [[William Rehnquist]] ; Mataimakin Alkalai : [[William J. Brennan Jr.]] '''&#xB7;''' [[Byron White]] Marshall '''&#xB7;''' [[Harry Blackmun]] P. Stevens '''&#xB7;''' [[Sandra Day O'Connor]] Scalia '''&#xB7;''' [[Anthony Kennedy]]&nbsp;&#x20;<br />&nbsp;&#x20;<br />&nbsp;&#x20;<br />&nbsp;&#x20; |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; color:inherit; white-space:nowrap" |Ra'ayoyin shari'a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yawanci | class="infobox-data" |Stevens, tare da Brennan, Blackmun, da Kennedy |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gasar | class="infobox-data" |Marshall, tare da Brennan |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Rashin amincewa | class="infobox-data" |Fararen fata |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Rashin amincewa | class="infobox-data" |O'Connor, tare da Rehnquist da Scalia |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; color:inherit; white-space:nowrap" |Dokokin da aka yi amfani da su |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|Const na Amurka Gyara I]] |} Peel v. Attorney Disciplinary Commission of Illinois, 496 US 91 (1990), wani yanke shawara ne na [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka]] cewa mulkin Illinois game da lauyoyi da ke tallata kansu a matsayin "takaddun shaida" ya keta 'yancin su na magana a karkashin Kwaskwarimar Farko. Hukumar Rijistar Lauyan Illinois da Kulawa (IARDC) ta gano cewa takardar Peel, wacce ta bayyana cewa shi "Kwararren Mai Shari'a ne na Ƙungiyar Shari'a ta Kasa," ya karya ka'idojin ƙwararru na jihar, kuma Kotun Koli ta Illinois ta karɓi shawarar su na amincewar jama'a.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=Kevin S. |date=Winter 1991 |title=Attorney Advertising in Montana: The Peel Decision and the Growing Need for a State Certification Program |url=https://scholarship.law.umt.edu/mlr/vol52/iss1/6 |journal=[[Alexander Blewett III School of Law|Montana Law Review]] |volume=52 |pages=177–197 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715063753/https://scholarship.law.umt.edu/mlr/vol52/iss1/6/ |archive-date=2021-07-15 |access-date=2026-09-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta sauya, tana mai cewa rubutun gaskiya ne, kuma Kwaskwarimar Farko ta amince da bayyanawa fiye da ɓoye bayanai. == Tarihi == An shigar da Gary E. Peel a kotun a [[Illinois]] a 1968, a [[Arizona]] a 1979, kuma a [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] a 1981, kuma aikin lauya ya kasance a [[Edwardsville, Illinois|Edwardsville]], Illinois. A shekara ta 1981 ya sami takardar shaidar a cikin gabatar da kara na jama'a daga Hukumar Kula da Shari'a ta Kasa (NBTA), wanda aka sabunta a shekara ta 1986. <ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da ake buƙata don wannan takardar shaidar sun haɗa da ƙwarewar gwaji mai yawa, kammala karatun ci gaba da ilimin shari'a, da kuma wuce jarrabawar rana.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Peel v. Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission of Illinois |url=https://www.oyez.org/cases/1989/88-1775 |access-date=July 7, 2021 |website=[[Oyez]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1983, Peel ya fara hada da ambaton wannan takardar shaidar a kan wasikar sa, tare da jihohin da aka ba shi lasisi don yin aiki: <ref name=":0" />   Koyaya, Dokar Kula da Kwararru ta Illinois (a cikin Dokar 2-105 (a) (3)) ta bayyana cewa "Lakwai ko kamfanin lauya na iya ƙayyade ko sanya kowane yanki ko filin doka wanda shi ko abokan hulɗarsa ke mai da hankali ko iyakance aikinsa. Sai dai kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Dokar 2105 (a), babu lauya da zai iya riƙe kansa a matsayin 'masanin' ko 'masanin'. " IARDC ya gabatar da korafi a cikin 1987.<ref name=":1" /> == Ayyukan horo == === Tattaunawar === Kotun Koli ta Amurka (a cikin ''Bates v. Bar na Jihar Arizona'' a cikin 1977) ta riga ta yanke hukuncin cewa tallace-tallace ta lauyoyi magana ce ta kasuwanci, sabili da haka an kare ta da Kwaskwarimar Farko muddin ba ta yaudara. Don haka IARDC ta yi jayayya cewa rubutun Peel ya yaudara, kuma ana iya dakatar da shi, saboda 1) jama'a na iya tunanin cewa jihar Illinois ta amince da takardar shaidar a hukumance, wanda ba haka ba, 2) "takardar shaidar" kalma ce ta fasaha da jama'a za su iya fahimta ba, kuma 3) da'awar ce game da ingancin ayyukan da ya bayar, wanda yaudara.<ref name=":1" /> Peel, a gefe guda, ya yi jayayya cewa rubutun gaskiya ne kawai, kuma ya dace da zaɓin abokin ciniki game da wane lauya ya hayar. Bugu da ƙari, idan aka ba da ƙarfin kariya ta farko ga 'yancin magana, har ma da jawabin kasuwanci, ya kamata jihar ta yi ƙarin don tabbatar da haramtacciyar ta. === Hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Illinois === Kotun Koli ta Illinois ta yanke hukunci a kan Peel. Da farko, Kotun ta ji yana da mahimmanci a kare ikon jihar kawai don lasisi ga lauyoyi. Da yake lura da cewa jigon wasikar da aka lissafa "Licensed: Illinois, Missouri, Arizona" nan da nan a ƙarƙashin takardar shaidar, Kotun ta ce zai zama da sauƙi ga memba na jama'a (wanda bazai san yadda tsarin shigar da mashaya ya yi aiki ba) don kada ya fahimci bambancin.<ref name=":1" /> Kotun ta kuma lura cewa sigar 1983 na Dokokin Misali na Halin Kwararru na Ƙungiyar Bar ta Amirka (ABA) ta ƙunshi haramtacciyar haramtacciya kamar haramtacciin Illinois, da gyare-gyare ga wannan tsarin (Dokar 7.4) a cikin 1988 har yanzu ta bar haramtacciyan tallace-tallace na "takaddun shaida" ba tare da lalacewa ba.<ref name=":1" /> Jami'in ABA ya yi sharhi game da gyare-gyaren ya ce,   Saboda haka, Kotun ta ce haramcin na yanzu ya dace. Peel ya daukaka kara zuwa Kotun Koli ta Amurka. == Hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Amurka == A cikin yanke shawara 5-4, Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta sauya, tana riƙe da cewa an kare rubutun Peel na magana ta kasuwanci. Kotun ta rabu da juna game da wannan shari'ar; ra'ayi mai yawa kawai ya wakilci alƙalai huɗu (Stevens - marubucinsa - wanda Brennan, Blackmun, da Kennedy suka haɗu da shi), kuma kawai ya zama ra'ayin Kotun saboda Marshall ya jefa kuri'a tare da su (amma ya rubuta ra'ayi daban-daban, wanda Brennan ya haɗu da su). <ref name=":3" /> Har ila yau, an raba rashin amincewar, tare da Alkalai White da [[Sandra Day O'Connor|O'Connor]] suna rubutawa daban, kuma Rehnquist da Scalia sun shiga ra'ayin O'Connon.<ref name=":3" /> === Manazarta === 7n00zpzfhj8iwxz4zdxjux6jnzo4usg 0 176258 968032 952114 2026-10-15T23:43:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''''''Nancy Addison''' Altman''' (Maris 21, 1946 - Yuni 18, 2002), wanda aka fi sani da Nancy Addison, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka da aka sani da bayyanarta a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu . Ta fara jan hankalin sanarwa don wasa Kit Vested a wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin Guiding Light na shekaru biyar tun daga shekarar 1969. An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Jillian Coleridge a wasan kwaikwayo na Ryan's Hope wanda ta buga sama da shekaru goma sha biyu tun daga farkon wasan kwaikwayon a 1975. Ta bar wasan kwaikwayon a farkon 1988 amma ta dawo don abubuwan da suka faru na karshe a shekarar 1989. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife shi a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], Addison ya yi karatu tare da Sanford Meisner a Neighborhood Playhouse . Matsayinta na farko na wasan kwaikwayo shine Kit Vested a kan Guiding Light, wanda ta taka daga 1969 zuwa 1974. A shekara ta 1975, ta fara fitowa a kan Ryan's Hope a cikin rawar da aka fi gane ta, Jillian Coleridge . Ta taka rawar shekaru goma sha biyu har sai da ta yanke shawarar barin a ƙarshen 1987, kuma ta yi bayyanarta ta ƙarshe a watan Janairun 1988. Ta dawo a takaice bayan shekara guda don sake taka rawar Jill don abubuwan karshe na wasan kwaikwayon. A shekara ta 1989, ta koma cikin rawar Marissa Rampal a kan All My Children . Addison ta nuna Deborah Brewster Alden daga 1993 zuwa 1995 a kan Loving, kuma a 1995 ta taka ''Birnin'' wannan rawar a kan The City . Ta yi aiki tare da James Coburn a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin guda uku The Dain Curse (1978). Ta kuma bayyana a Somewhere, Tomorrow (1983), Baby Me (1988) da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Law & Order a matsayi daban-daban a lokuta daban-daban. A cikin bazara na shekara ta 1978, an zaɓi Addison don zama sanannen girmamawa "Sarauniyar Azaleas", a lokacin bikin Azalea na shekara-shekara, wanda aka gudanar a Wilmington, North Carolina. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Twice married, Addison volunteered a great deal of her time working with children with HIV/[[Kanjamau|AIDS]].{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2022}} == Rashin lafiya da mutuwa == A shekara ta 1999, an gano ta da [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] na glandar adrenal da bututun huhu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wulff |first=Jennifer |last2=Seaman |first2=Debbie |date=July 16, 2001 |title=Nancy Addison Altman: The Good Fight |url=https://ryansbaronline.tripod.com/addisonpeople2001.html |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=[[People Magazine]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122014858/https://ryansbaronline.tripod.com/addisonpeople2001.html |archive-date=2025-01-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> wanda ya yi ikirarin rayuwarta a shekara ta 2002 a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], tana da shekaru 56. Mijinta na biyu, Daniel Goldfarb ya mutu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2002]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] 15efeq4yntihnd5o4xc6wc42pgxw097 0 176787 968051 963663 2026-10-16T02:27:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nina Chaubal''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1992) ita ce wadda ta kafa kuma tsohuwar Daraktar Ayyuka a Trans Lifeline,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2017 |title=Nina Chaubal helps build community, save lives with Trans Lifeline |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/nina-chaubal-helps-build-community-save-lives-trans-lifeline-n728411 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629133800/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/nina-chaubal-helps-build-community-save-lives-trans-lifeline-n728411 |archive-date=2019-06-29 |access-date=2020-01-26 |website=NBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 24, 2015 |title=Trans Lifeline needs help to continue saving lives |url=https://www.glaad.org/blog/trans-lifeline-needs-help-continue-saving-lives |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201023912/https://www.glaad.org/blog/trans-lifeline-needs-help-continue-saving-lives |archive-date=December 1, 2022 |access-date=January 27, 2020 |website=GLAAD}}</ref> layin wayar tarho na farko da aka yi amfani da shi wajen kashe mutane masu canza jinsi a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] <ref name="auto6">{{Cite web |last=Mechanic |first=Jesse |date=December 22, 2017 |title=America's First Transgender Suicide Hotline Is Now Live |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/americas-first-transgender-suicide-hotline-is-now_b_5a3d253ee4b0df0de8b0648c |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007041225/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/americas-first-transgender-suicide-hotline-is-now_b_5a3d253ee4b0df0de8b0648c |archive-date=October 7, 2019 |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=HuffPost}}</ref> <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=31 October 2018 |title=A Volunteer With Trans Lifeline Talks About Why People Are Scared—and Dialing |url=https://www.wweek.com/news/2018/10/30/a-volunteer-with-trans-lifeline-talks-about-why-people-are-scared-and-dialing/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010081826/https://www.wweek.com/news/2018/10/30/a-volunteer-with-trans-lifeline-talks-about-why-people-are-scared-and-dialing/ |archive-date=2019-10-10 |access-date=2020-01-26 |website=Willamette Week}}</ref> <ref name="auto5">{{Cite web |date=July 22, 2019 |title=The Only Crisis Hotline by Trans People, For Trans People |url=https://www.papermag.com/trans-lifeline-crisis-hotline-2639196886.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723150924/http://www.papermag.com/trans-lifeline-crisis-hotline-2639196886.html |archive-date=July 23, 2019 |access-date=January 26, 2020 |website=PAPER}}</ref> da [[Kanada]] . <ref name="auto7">{{Cite web |date=January 13, 2015 |title=Transgender support line launches for Canadians as creators look to expand &#124; canada.com |url=https://o.canada.com/news/transgender-support-line-launches-for-canadians-as-creators-look-to-expand-trans-lifeline-577069 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607120328/http://o.canada.com/news/transgender-support-line-launches-for-canadians-as-creators-look-to-expand-trans-lifeline-577069 |archive-date=June 7, 2016 |access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> A matsayinta na babbar mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin LGBTQ+ kuma mace 'yar canjin jinsi, <ref name="auto10">{{Cite web |title=ICE Is Detaining A Leading Local Trans Activist & Supporters Are Urging Help |url=https://chicagoist.com/2016/12/30/ice_is_detaining_a_leading_local_tr.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407024757/https://chicagoist.com/2016/12/30/ice_is_detaining_a_leading_local_tr.php |archive-date=2019-04-07 |access-date=2020-01-26 |website=The Chicagoist}}</ref> lokacin da aka tsare Chaubal a tsare a hannun masu shige da fice, labarin ya yi fice a cikin jaridu na ƙasa kamar ''The New York Times'' da Chicagoist . <ref name="auto10" /> A shekarar 2019, Chaubal ya kasance batun shirin farko na ''"America in Transition"'', wani shirin gaskiya game da mutanen da suka canza launin fata. <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=TV Review - America in Transition - DelmarvaLife |url=http://www.delmarvalife.com/delmarvalife/the-m-report/tv-review-america-transition/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327064436/http://www.delmarvalife.com/delmarvalife/the-m-report/tv-review-america-transition/ |archive-date=2019-03-27 |access-date=2020-01-26}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Chaubal ya girma a [[Mumbai|Mumbai, Indiya]] . <ref name="auto" /> Tana da shekaru 13, ta gano kalmar 'transgender' kuma ta fahimci cewa tana kwatanta ta. Ta sami alaƙa da sauran mutanen da ke canza jinsi ta intanet. <ref name="auto" /> == Ilimi da aiki == A shekarar 2009, Chaubal ya yi ƙaura shi kaɗai zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] bisa takardar izinin ɗalibi don halartar kwaleji <ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=July 2, 2016 |title='Being denied what is integral to you': The struggle for transgender rights |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/being-denied-what-is-integral-to-you-the-struggle-for-transgender-rights/story-n8CTmRqUbFoRIaCEIQwokJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701083038/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/being-denied-what-is-integral-to-you-the-struggle-for-transgender-rights/story-n8CTmRqUbFoRIaCEIQwokJ.html |archive-date=July 1, 2019 |access-date=January 26, 2020 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> a Jami'ar Illinois Champaign-Urbana . <ref name="auto8">{{Cite web |title=Alumn – Innovative Software and Data Analysis |url=https://ssa.ncsa.illinois.edu/isda/about-us/alumn/}}</ref> Ta yi aikin horo a Riverbed Technology a shekarar 2011 a matsayin injiniyan software mai tabbatar da inganci. A shekarar 2012, ta yi aiki a Google a irin wannan matsayin. Haka kuma a shekarar 2012, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shirye-shirye a Cibiyar Nazarin Aikace-aikacen Supercomputing ta Ƙasa a Jami'ar Illinois . <ref name="auto8" /> A shekarar 2013, ta fito a matsayin trans. Ganin cewa iyalinta ba sa goyon bayan halinta na rashin kunya, dangantakar iyali ta lalace. <ref name="auto" /> Chaubal ta sami takardar izinin shiga jami'a ta H1B, takardar izinin shiga jami'a ga ma'aikatan ƙasashen waje da ke aiki a Amurka domin yin aiki a [[Google]] a matsayin [[injiniyan software]], matsayin da ta karɓa a watan Janairun 2013. <ref name="auto9">{{Cite web |title=Trans Lifeline co-founder released from ICE detention |url=https://www.ebar.com/news///246924 |website=The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc.}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, Chaubal ya kafa layin Trans Lifeline tare da Greta Martela. <ref name="auto" /> Ƙungiyar ita ce layin wayar tarho na farko da aka yi amfani da shi wajen kashe kai ga masu canza jinsi a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] <ref name="auto6" /> <ref name="auto2" /> <ref name="auto5" /> da [[Kanada]] . <ref name="auto7" /> Mummunan lamarin ya kasance kusa da ma'auratan, domin Chaubal ya sha fama da tunanin kashe kansa kuma an kwantar da Martela a asibiti saboda kisan kansa. <ref name="auto" /> Chaubal ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin injiniyan [[Google]] har zuwa watan Afrilun 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 3, 2015 |title=Trans Suicide Hotline Founder Heeds the Call |url=https://www.sfweekly.com/news/trans-suicide-hotline-founder-heeds-the-call/ |website=SF Weekly |access-date=September 24, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018214437/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/trans-suicide-hotline-founder-heeds-the-call/ |archive-date=October 18, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A wannan watan, ta karɓi muƙamin Daraktan Ayyuka a Trans Lifeline. A watan Fabrairun 2015, Chaubal ya halarci taron ƙasa kan daidaiton LGBT, inda ya kula da wani rumfar Trans Lifeline da ke can. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 6, 2015 |title=LGBTQ Denver conference draws thousands, rallies activists |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2015/02/06/lgbtq-denver-conference-draws-thousands-rallies-activists/}}</ref> A watan Yuni na wannan shekarar, Chaubal ya kasance cikin waɗanda suka yi magana a cikin wani shiri na Miley Cyrus mai suna Happy Hippie wanda ya gabatar da #InstaPride Portraits Campaign. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2015 |title=Nearly 3 Months In, Here's the Impact Miley Cyrus Is Having on LGBT and Homeless Youth |url=https://www.mic.com/articles/123122/nearly-3-months-in-here-s-the-impact-miley-cyrus-is-having-on-lgbt-and-homeless-youth |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312204113/https://mic.com/articles/123122/nearly-3-months-in-here-s-the-impact-miley-cyrus-is-having-on-lgbt-and-homeless-youth |archive-date=2017-03-12 |access-date=2020-01-26 |website=Mic}}</ref> A cikin hotunan, Chaubal ta bayyana tare da matar ta kuma wacce ta kafa Trans Lifeline Greta Martela, da kuma Cyrus. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=James Michael |date=June 25, 2015 |title=Miley Cyrus And Instagram Launch #InstaPride |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/miley-cyrus-instapride_n_7656390 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423175258/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/miley-cyrus-instapride_n_7656390 |archive-date=April 23, 2019 |access-date=January 26, 2020 |website=HuffPost}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Agusta, 2015, Chaubal yana cikin wakilan Gidauniyar Happy Hippie da suka yi jawabi a kan dandamali tare da gabatar da Miley Cyrus a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan kiɗan bidiyo na MTV . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paoletta |first=Rae |title=Here Are All The Beautiful People In Miley's Happy Hippie Squad |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2256106/happy-hippie-vmas/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610093105/http://www.mtv.com/news/2256106/happy-hippie-vmas/ |archive-date=2019-06-10 |access-date=2020-01-26 |website=MTV News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2015 |title=Gigi Loren Lazzarato, Tyler Ford, Nina Chaubal, Greta Gustava... |url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/gigi-loren-lazzarato-tyler-ford-nina-chaubal-greta-gustava-news-photo/486023574 |website=Getty Images}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2015, Chaubal da Trans Lifeline suka ƙaddamar da reshen ayyukansu na Kanada. <ref name="auto7" /> A ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 2016, Chaubal ya bayyana a KGNU 88.5 FM don tattauna ci gaba da buƙatar tallafin gaggawa ga rikicin canjin yanayi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2016 |title=Outsources: Trans Suicide |url=https://news.kgnu.org/2016/02/outsources-trans-suicide/ |access-date=September 24, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019103658/https://news.kgnu.org/2016/02/outsources-trans-suicide/ |archive-date=October 19, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2016, Chaubal ya bayyana a kwamitin "Suicideality Among the Transgender Populations: New Carriers in Fahimta and Treatment" a taron Ƙungiyar Masu Suicidology ta Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2016 |title=#AAS16 – Summary of Conference Proceedings as Curated from Social Media |url=https://spsmchat.com/2016/04/08/aas16-summary-of-conference-proceedings-as-curated-from-social-media/ |access-date=September 24, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604094411/https://spsmchat.com/2016/04/08/aas16-summary-of-conference-proceedings-as-curated-from-social-media/ |archive-date=June 4, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2018, Hukumar Daraktocin Trans Lifeline ta kori Chaubal da Martela, bayan wani bincike na cikin gida ya gano cewa sun karkatar da sama da dala 350,000 na asusun kungiyar ba daidai ba . Daga baya Chaubal ya kama aiki a Hustle a matsayin injiniyan software, sannan ya koma aiki a Even.com a matsayinsa na injiniya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2022}} A shekarar 2019, Chaubal ya kasance batun "Ina Mafakata?" , shirin farko na ''Amurka a cikin Canji'', shirin gaskiya game da mutanen da suka canza launin fata. <ref name="auto1" /> Haka kuma a shekarar 2019, Chaubal ya fara shirya al'umma mai son zama, wurin fasaha, da kuma wurin samar da ƙananan kasuwanci a cikin Hamadar Mojave . <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2019 |title=ReelQ: America in Transition |url=https://www.pittsburghcurrent.com/reelq-america-in-transition/}}</ref> === Tsare ICE da kuma sakinsa === A ranar 28 ga Disamba, 2016, yayin da take tuki daga [[California]] zuwa gidanta a [[Chicago]] ta hanyar wani shingen bincike a Wellton, Arizona, jami'an ICE sun tsayar da Chaubal suka kuma tsare shi, inda suka nemi fasfo dinta. Ta ɗauki hotonsa, wanda shine lokacin da suka ga an sanya mata suna namiji a kai, wanda ya bambanta da yanayin jinsinta a zahiri. Sun kuma lura cewa tana ƙasar ne bisa takardar izinin aiki da ta ƙare, duk da cewa ta auri wata 'yar ƙasar Amurka, Martela bisa doka. Daga nan aka kai ta wani gidan yari a Arizona, wanda hakan ya sa aka shigar da ita Cibiyar Tsare-tsare ta Eloy, <ref name="auto10" /> wacce aka yi wa lakabi da cin zarafin fursunonin [[Mutanen LGBTQ|LGBTQ+]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gómez |first=Laura |title=Transgender women describe journey of fear in ICE detention in Arizona |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/immigration/2016/04/30/transgender-women-ice-detention-eloy/83685642/ |website=azcentral}}</ref> An sake ta a ranar 2 ga Janairu, 2017 bayan ta saka takardar biyan kuɗi ta dala $4,500, wanda ta samu damar yin hakan da taimakon wani kamfen na tara kuɗi ta yanar gizo. <ref name="auto9" /> === Zamba === A watan Janairun 2018, wani bincike na cikin gida na Trans Lifeline wanda ya shafi kwararrun lauyoyi da na kudi masu zaman kansu ya nuna cewa Chaubal da Martela sun yi sayayya ba tare da izini ba da dala $353,703 don amfanin kansu da ayyukan gefe. Hukumar Daraktoci ta cire waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar nan take ta fara neman sulhu. <ref name="TransLifeline-LeadershipTransition">{{Cite web |last=Trans Lifeline Executive Team & Board of Directors |date=2019-02-21 |title=The Leadership Transition, 2017 Taxes, and How We're Moving Forward |url=https://translifeline.org/the-leadership-transition-2017-taxes-and-how-were-moving-forward/ |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=Trans Lifeline |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Trans Lifeline |title=An Update on the Trans Lifeline Leadership Transition |url=https://us12.campaign-archive.com/?u=45c137600e210e5bdb6b92227&id=9f1ca3aba4 |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=us12.campaign-archive.com}}</ref> <ref name="TransLifeline-990-2018">{{Cite web |last=Ken Schwencke |last2=Mike Tigas |last3=Sisi Wei |last4=Alec Glassford |last5=Andrea Suozzo |last6=Brandon Roberts |date=2013-05-09 |title=Nonprofit Explorer — TransLifeline — Full Filing |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/472097494/201940289349300939/full |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=ProPublica |language=en}}</ref> Chaubal da Martela sun sami damar biyan dala $8,585, kuma a watan Yunin 2018, sun amince su biya sauran kuɗin a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, maimakon shari'a ko wasu yunƙurin dawo da kuɗi. <ref name="TransLifeline-990-2018" /> == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == * A shekarar 2017, an nada Chaubal a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar bayar da tallafi ga al'umma ta Trans Justice Funding Project. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2017 |title=Introducing 2017 TJFP Community Grantmaking Fellow, Nina Chaubal! |url=https://www.transjusticefundingproject.org/introducing-2017-tjfp-community-grantmaking-fellow-nina-chaubal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427122716/https://www.transjusticefundingproject.org/introducing-2017-tjfp-community-grantmaking-fellow-nina-chaubal/ |archive-date=April 27, 2017 |access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Chaubal ya auri Greta Martela a shekarar 2015. <ref name="auto4" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j358q4jq8kelyjthj6fgvd8fy1cv2i8 0 176834 968225 955576 2026-10-16T11:48:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Puran Andrew Gurung''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 1949) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Taekwondo]] ne na Indiya kuma mai horar da shi. Shi ƙwararre ne a fannin wasan Taekwondo na 9th kuma an san shi da kafa wasan Taekwondo a Indiya . Gurung ya kafa dakin motsa jiki na Taekwondo na farko a Kalimpong a shekarar 1974 kuma a shekarar 1982 ya zama malamin Taekwondo mafi shahara a Indiya. Ya kafa manyan cibiyoyin ilimi a faɗin ƙasar, kuma saboda ƙoƙarinsa na haɓaka Taekwondo a Indiya, Firayim Minista [[Indira Gandhi]] ta yaba masa. An nemi ya horar da 'yan kadet na Seva Dal na Majalisar Dokokin Indiya . A shekarar 1983, Mrs. Gandhi ta nemi ya shiga INC, wanda ya amince da shi cikin gaggawa, inda har yanzu yake aiki a matsayin Babban Sakatare (Mai Shiryawa) na Seva Dal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress Seva Dal - Indian National Congress, Congress Party Official Website |url=https://www.inc.in/en/congress-seva-dal |website=Indian National Congress |access-date=2026-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101220414/https://www.inc.in/en/congress-seva-dal |archive-date=2021-01-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya kafa ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da dama a Indiya, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin kocin ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Nepal daga 1986 zuwa 1989. Ɗalibansa daga Nepal sun lashe lambobin tagulla guda huɗu a Gasar Asiya ta 1986 da aka yi a Seoul da kuma lambar tagulla guda ɗaya a Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988 (ta Bidhan Lama ), kuma ya ba da gudummawar aikinsa a matsayin mataimakin shugaba a Gasar Taekwondo ta Asiya ta 8, Kathmandu. Shi ne mukaddashin mai kula da Taekwondo/Martial Arts na [[Sports Federation of India|Ƙungiyar Wasanni ta Indiya]], New Delhi. Yana cikin Daraktocin Majalisar Taekwondo ta Duniya - Burtaniya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=About the International Taekwondo Council - International TaeKwonDo Council |url=https://www.international-taekwondo-council.com/about-us#directors |website=international-taekwondo-council.com |access-date=2026-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812000759/https://international-taekwondo-council.com/about-us/#directors |archive-date=2025-08-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Daraktan Fasaha na Duniya na Tarayyar Taekwondo ta Duniya - Kanada, Shugaban Gidauniyar Ci Gaban Taekwondo - New Delhi, Tarayyar Taekwondo ta All India - New Delhi, da PAG International Taekwondo - New Delhi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |title=From the Chair |url=http://pagitas.com/from-the-chair/ |publisher= |access-date=2026-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616232643/http://pagitas.com/from-the-chair/ |archive-date=2019-06-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Shi ne kuma Jakadan Kamfanin Guinness World Records a Indiya (Taekwondo). Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai kula da Cibiyar Al'adun Koriya da ke New Delhi. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar Taekwondo ta Indiya - Kwamitin Fasaha da Kwamitin Ladabtarwa na Ƙasa, kuma shi ne Daraktan Gasar Wasannin Ƙasa na Indiya na 2011. == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === [[File:GM_P_A_Gurung_Gallery_.jpg|thumb| PA Gurung tare da Babban Kaka Lee Pyung Pal malaminsa a farkon zamani - Hoto PA Gurung]] An haifi GM Gurung a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 1949 a Kalimpong, [[Bengal ta Yamma|West Bengal]], Indiya. === Fara gasar Taekwondo ta ƙwararru === A shekarar 1970, yayin da aka tura shi aiki a Hong Kong a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rundunar Sojan Burtaniya, Gurung da abokinsa John sun je YMCA International, Kowloon, inda suka haɗu da Babban Babban Jagora Lee Pyung Pal. Gurung da John sun yi matukar mamakin salon sa na musamman, kuma sun roƙi Master Lee da ya fara azuzuwan horar da Taekwondo a Yankin Cantonment na Sojoji a sansanin Soja na Sekkong. Jagora Lee ya karɓi tayin kuma ya fara horar da Gurung da sauran sojojin Gurkha da yawa. Wannan shi ne rukunin farko na 'yan Gurkha na horar da Taekwondo a tarihin ƙungiyar Taekwondo. Daga baya, Shin Jae Kyun ya karɓi ragamar wannan rukunin daga hannun Lee. Gurung, Swiba Lepcha, Ratna Bahadur Pun, Lal Sunder Rai da wasu sun ziyarci YMCA don ƙarin azuzuwan daga Babban Jagora Lee. Puran Andrew Gurung, Ratna Bahadur Pun, Chandra Bahadur Gurung, Kamal Bahadur Gurung da Ramesh Goshai su ne Gurkhas na farko da suka lashe bel ɗin baƙi a tarihin Taekwondo. A shekarar 1973, Puran Andrew Gurung ya lashe tserensa na biyu kafin ya koma Indiya. === Ritaya kafin lokacin aiki daga rundunar soji === A shekarar 1973, an zaɓi Gurung don shiga gasar Taekwondo ta duniya ta farko, amma bai iya ci gaba zuwa Koriya ba, inda ayyukansa na hukuma suka zama babban cikas a gare shi. A lokacin ne ya fahimci cewa domin ya ci gaba da sha'awar Taekwondo, dole ne ya yi ritaya daga rundunar sojin Birtaniya. Ba tare da wata shakka ba, ya bar aikin soja ya tafi Nepal daga baya a shekarar 1973. [[File:Grand_Master_P_A_Gurung_at_Nepal.jpg|thumb| GM P. Andrew Gurung tare da Mai Martaba Yarima Dhirendra Bir Bikram Shah, Mai Kula da Majalisar Wasanni ta Kasa ta Nepal, yayin da ake zanga-zangar Taekwondo, a zauren City Hall Kathmandu, 1982]] === Malamin Taekwondo na farko a Nepal === Ya yi ƙoƙarin kafa makarantar koyon wasan Taekwondo a Kathmandu, amma an haramta horar da fararen hula a Nepal a lokacin. Lokacin da ya yi zanga-zangarsa ta farko a Nepal a shekarar 1973, ya fuskanci mummunan sakamako kuma daga ƙarshe dole ne ya gudu daga Nepal. Ɗaliban Gurung da Dinesh Rai daga Darjeeling Taekwondo Club sun gayyaci Gurung da tawagarsa daga Kolkata don yin wasan Taekwondo a karo na biyu a City Hall, Kathmandu a shekarar 1982. Yarima Dhirendra na Nepal, Majalisar Wasanni ta Ƙasa ta Mai Kula da Nepal shi ne babban baƙo, inda ya shaida gabatarwar Gurung da tawagarsa. Sharad Chandra Shah, memba na Sakataren Majalisar Wasanni ta Nepal shi ma ya halarci taron. Da yake ya gamsu da zanga-zangar, Yarima Dhirendra ya umurci Shah da ya buɗe makarantar koyon wasan Taekwondo a Nepal. Puran Andrew Gurung ya karɓi tayin kuma ya tura ɗalibansa Deepraj Gurung da Dinesh Rai a matsayin wakilan malamansa a Nepal. Puran Andrew Gurung ya kuma shawarci Shah da ya gayyaci Shin Jae Kyun a hukumance ta hanyar ƙungiyar Taekwondo ta duniya . A shekarar 1986, an sake nemansa don ya zama kocin ƙungiyar Taekwondo ta ƙasar Nepal. Gurung ya amince da hakan, kuma ɗaliban da suka yi horon sun lashe lambobin tagulla guda 4 a Gasar Asiya ta 1986 a Seoul da kuma lambar tagulla guda ɗaya (Bidhan Lama) a Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988. === Malamin taekwondo na farko a Indiya === [[File:Opening_of_First_Taekwondo_Gymnasium_in_India.jpg|thumb| Sri PR Pradhan, Makarantar Principle SUMI, A bikin bude taron farko na Taekwondo Gymnasium na Indiya a Kalimpong a shekarar 1974.]] Ba shi da wani zaɓi bayan ya gudu daga Nepal a shekarar 1973, ya dawo garinsu na Darjeeling ya fara makarantar motsa jiki ta Taekwondo ta farko a Indiya a Cibiyar Mission ta Jami'ar Scottish (SUMI) a shekarar 1974 a Kalimpong, sannan sai Kwalejin Taekwondo ta Darjeeling a Makarantar Sakandare ta Turn Bull, da kuma wata makarantar da ke Gangtok, Sikkim inda ya horar da ɗaliban har zuwa 1978, inda ya zama malamin Taekwondo na farko a Indiya. A shekarar 1978, Gurung ya fara wasansa na 'National Taekwondo Voyage' a Indiya. Ya zo Kolkata, kuma a shekarar 1981 ya kafa wasu makarantu guda huɗu a wurare kamar haka: Kolkata a Makarantar Sakandare ta Hindi, Makarantar St Thomas, BBYS, da YMCA . Bayan shekarar 1981, ya faɗaɗa hannunsa zuwa sassa daban-daban na Indiya, musamman Madras, Bangalore, Calicut, Kerala, Hyderabad, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, Assam, Guwahati, Meghalaya, Mizoram, da sauransu. A wannan lokacin ya zama malamin Taekwondo mafi shahara a Indiya, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa. A shekarar 1982, ya koma Delhi ya fara makarantarsa ta [[jami'ar Jawaharlal Nehru]] tare da mataimakin malami Chandu Bhutia da kuma jami'ar Delhi tare da mataimakin malami Dakta Sunil Kaul. Daga baya, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Official Taekwondo Hall of Fame a Amurka, wato Uban Taekwondo na Indiya da Nepal. === Rayuwa a matsayin ma'aikacin zamantakewa === Baya ga shahararsa ta Taekwondo, Gurung an kuma san shi da zama ma'aikacin zamantakewa mai himma. Ya kafa ƙungiyoyin sa-kai da dama waɗanda ke aiki don ilmantar da yara daga ɓangarorin da ba su da galihu na al'umma da kuma ƙarfafa mata. Ya kafa Tentulkuli Jankalyan Samity a Howrah da kuma Makarantar Little Angel, wadda ke koyar da yara har zuwa aji uku. Gurung ya ci gaba da bayar da babban kaso na albashinsa ga makarantar. Ya kuma kafa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na NGO don ƙarfafa mata a sassa daban-daban na Indiya, musamman "Jan Hit" a Guwahati da Itanagar. === Majalisar Dokokin Indiya === A shekarar 1983, [[Indira Gandhi]], Firayim Ministan Indiya a wancan lokacin, ta kafa kwamiti don nemo ƙwararru a fannoni daban-daban da ƙwarewa don koyarwa da horar da masu aikin sa kai na Seva Dal (ƙungiyoyi na gaba na Majalisar Dokokin Indiya ). Ganin yadda Gurung ya shahara, Jagdish Tytler (ɗan majalisa kuma tsohuwar minista), ya shawarci Mrs. Gandhi da ta kira Gurung don koyar da masu aikin sa kai kare kai. Daga nan Gurung ya sami goron gayyata daga [[Ofishin Firayim Minista (India)|Ofishin Firayim Minista]] don ganawa da Mrs. Gandhi. A can, Mrs. Gandhi ta roƙe shi ya haɗu da Seva Dal a matsayin mai koyarwa, kuma ya amince da tayin cikin gaggawa. Wannan ya faɗaɗa aikinsa sosai, kuma ya yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa kowane yanki na Indiya, yana tallata Taekwondo da kuma horar da masu aikin sa kai na Seva Dal . Har yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Babban Sakatare na Seva Dal a New Delhi. === Taekwondo na Kasa da Kasa na PAG === ""PAG International Taekwondo ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce aka kafa a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Wasanni ta Indiya a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Gurung. Wannan shiri ya fara ne sakamakon kokarin da Babban Malami P. Andrew Gurung ya yi wajen kafa Taekwondo a Indiya da Nepal. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin "Uban Taekwondo a Indiya da Nepal". Ƙungiyar tana da nufin ci gaba da burinsa na Taekwondo a cikin zuriya masu zuwa da kuma kiyaye gadonsa. Haka kuma an yi nufin a sauƙaƙe wasan Taekwondo da kuma wasan fada a faɗin ƙasar domin ƙara yawan 'yan wasa masu himma. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] kwzoidwvho8dkod5u8crzj4ukpg4ade 0 176894 968070 957245 2026-10-16T05:16:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Olivia_Durant_in_front_of_mirror_2022.jpg|alt=olivia durant in front of a mirror in 2022|thumb| Olivia Durant a shekarar 2022]] '''Olivia Durant''' (wanda a da aka fi sani da '''Karrie Mentzer''' da '''Oni Hartstein''' ) 'yar fafutuka ce 'yar Amurka da ta fito daga Pittsburgh, wacce ta shahara a ƙasa tun daga makanta a lokacin haihuwa, sannan ta sake samun gani a shekarar 2016 bayan an yi mata tiyata a Cibiyar Ido ta New York. <ref name="insider.com">{{Cite web |title=A woman who can see after being blind for 36 years describes the surreal experience of seeing her own face in a mirror |url=https://www.insider.com/formerly-blind-woman-described-seeing-first-time-in-36-years-2021-9 |access-date=September 27, 2021 |website=[[Insider.com]]}}</ref> An nuna Durant a shirin Good Morning America <ref name="goodmorningamerica.com">{{Cite web |title=I was blind until my 30s: Why I'm sharing my story with the world |url=https://www.goodmorningamerica.com/wellness/video/blind-30s-sharing-story-world-81096607 |access-date=November 11, 2021}}</ref> kuma ya kasance batun labarai da dama, ciki har da BuzzFeed <ref name="buzzfeed.com">{{Cite web |date=September 8, 2021 |title=This Formerly Legally Blind Woman Is Sharing The Shock And Adjustment That Came From Finally Gaining The Ability To See At 36 Years Old |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/shelbyheinrich/woman-tiktok-legally-blind-sight |access-date=September 8, 2021 |website=[[BuzzFeed]]}}</ref> da The Insider . <ref name="insider.com" /> == Shekarun farko == Olivia Durant ta bayyana ziyarar da ta kai wa likitan ido a lokacin da take ƙarama. A cewar Durant, likitan ya gano cewa idanunta "marasa ƙarfi" kuma ya yi mata lakabi da makanta a hukumance, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin mafi muni ga gani fiye da [[Makanta|20/200]] . <ref name="Blind from Birth">{{Cite web |title=The Beginning |url=https://www.oliviadurant.com/ |access-date=2026-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222222513/https://www.oliviadurant.com/ |archive-date=2025-02-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An rubuta wa Durant gilashin da ke da kauri inci biyu masu siffar ƙololuwa, sannan aka gyara gilashin ido yana da shekaru tara wanda ke ba da ɗan ƙaramin gani na gefe, duk da cewa ya yi duhu. Ta bayyana wahalar da ta sha wajen gane mutane a ido, kuma ta ba da labari game da rabuwa da kakarta a wani shago, sannan ta yi kuskuren cin karo da wani baƙo. <ref name="Blind from Birth" /> Abubuwa irin wannan sun sa Durant ta kasance cikin fargaba da tsoro a duk lokacin yarintarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=I was blind until my 30s: Why I'm sharing my story with the world |url=https://www.abcnews.go.com/GMA/Wellness/video/blind-30s-sharing-story-world-81096607/ |access-date=November 11, 2021 |website=ABC News}}</ref> Da ƙoƙari da kuma hanyoyin samar da haske a wuri mai mahimmanci, Durant ya ba da labarin yadda ya iya karanta littattafai cikin himma. Ta kuma yi amfani da haddace abubuwa da sauran hanyoyin tunani don kewaya abubuwan da ke kewaye da ita ba tare da taimako ba. <ref name="Navigating the World While Legally Blind: How I Did It">{{Cite web |date=December 21, 2021 |title=Navigating the World |url=http://www.oliviadurant.com/navigating-the-world/ |website=Olivia Durant - Seeing Things Through Fresh Eyes |access-date=September 25, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201175931/https://oliviadurant.com/navigating-the-world/ |archive-date=December 1, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A lokacin hirarrakinta, Durant ta kuma tattauna yadda ake nuna wariya da cin zarafi daga wasu yara yayin da suke girma.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2022}} A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, likitan ido ya yi wa Durant magana a hankali game da yiwuwar yin tiyatar da za ta iya inganta ganinta, amma hakan ya yi tsada sosai. <ref name="Blind from Birth" /> == Shekarun da suka biyo baya == A lokacin shekarunta na farko, yiwuwar yin tiyata don ƙara wa Olivia Durant gani ya fi ƙaruwa bayan fara kamuwa da [[Cataract|cutar ido]] . Inshora ba za ta biya kuɗin tiyatar gyaran fuska ba saboda makanta ce bisa doka, amma za ta iya biyan kuɗin tiyatar ido. Abin farin ciki, za a iya haɗa da sauran tiyatar tare da ita. <ref name="Blind from Birth" /> Durant ya bayyana irin haɗarin da wannan tiyatar ke tattare da shi saboda tana da nakasar retina wanda, idan ta lalace, zai iya sa ta rasa ƙaramin gani da take da shi. Duk da haka, ta yarda ta ɗauki wannan haɗarin. Ta yi kusan shekara guda tana neman likitan tiyata da ya dace. <ref name="Blind from Birth" /> Bayan tiyatar ta yi nasara, Durant ta tattauna matsalar asalin da ta fuskanta daga makanta a shari'a zuwa ganin ido. Ganin yadda take kallon madubi a karon farko abin mamaki ne kuma abin takaici ne. Ba tare da ta saba da siffarta ba, Durant za ta yi ta faɗin "sannu" kai tsaye ga madubai da ta gani a shaguna da sauran wurare da ta gani a karon farko a matsayinta na mai gani. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] q3crvhkw312b6a5lmcev2tmw3vcaqjx 0 177053 968097 956824 2026-10-16T08:34:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Paul McNeil Jr.''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2006) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul McNeil: The Official Richmond County Male Athlete of the Week |url=https://richmondobserver.com/stories/paul-mcneil-the-official-richmond-county-male-athlete-of-the-week,16187 |access-date=14 October 2025 |website=Richmond Observer}}</ref> ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne na kwalejin Amurka na NC State Wolfpack na Taron Atlantic Coast (ACC). == Rayuwa ta farko da makarantar sakandare == McNeil ya girma a Rockingham, North Carolina kuma ya halarci Richmond Senior High School . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Giles |first=Matt |date=February 12, 2025 |title=Late-Season Report Card: NC State Basketball Freshman Paul McNeil |url=https://www.si.com/college/ncstate/basketball/late-report-card-nc-state-basketball-paul-mcneil-2-12-25 |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=[[SI.com]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109063042/https://www.si.com/college/ncstate/basketball/late-report-card-nc-state-basketball-paul-mcneil-2-12-25 |archive-date=November 9, 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An ba shi suna North Carolina Gatorade Player of the Year a matsayin mai karatun biyu bayan ya sami maki 24.5, 9.7 rebounds, 3.8 assists, 1.8 blocks, da 1.7 steals a kowane wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxley |first=Rodd |date=June 23, 2022 |title=Richmond Senior’s Paul McNeil Jr., top 2024 recruit, earning attention from UNC, others |url=https://www.fayobserver.com/story/sports/high-school/2022/06/23/richmond-seniors-paul-mcneil-jr-among-top-2024-basketball-recruits/7659477001/ |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=[[The Fayetteville Observer]]}}</ref> A lokacin babban lokacinsa, McNeil ya kafa rikodin wasan daya na Arewacin Carolina lokacin da ya zira kwallaye 71 a kan Lee County High School . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wertz Jr. |first=Langston |date=January 17, 2024 |title=NC State basketball recruit breaks 74-year-old NC high school scoring record |url=https://www.charlotteobserver.com/sports/high-school/article284322183.html |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=[[The Charlotte Observer]]}}</ref> Ya gama aikinsa na makarantar sakandare a matsayin mai zira kwallaye na Richmond tare da maki 2,448.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baxley |first=Rodd |date=October 24, 2024 |title=Why NC State basketball's Paul McNeil wears No. 2 and what he brings to Wolfpack |url=https://www.fayobserver.com/story/sports/college/acc/2024/10/24/paul-mcneil-nc-state-basketball-kevin-keatts-wolfpack-jayden-taylor/75752185007/ |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=[[The Fayetteville Observer]]}}</ref> McNeil an kiyasta shi a matsayin mai daukar nauyin taurari huɗu kuma ya himmatu ga buga wasan kwando na kwaleji a Jihar NC a kan tayin daga Clemson, Indiya, Tennessee, Illinois, Alabama, Miami, da LSU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tipton |first=Joe |date=February 19, 2023 |title=2024 Four-Star guard Paul McNeil commits to NC State |url=https://www.on3.com/college/nc-state-wolfpack/news/nc-state-basketball-paul-mcneil-commits-to-wolfpack-kevin-keatts/ |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=On3.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=R. Cory |date=February 19, 2023 |title=BREAKING: Top-30 guard Paul McNeil Jr. commits to NC State |url=https://247sports.com/college/north-carolina-state/article/paul-mcneil-jr-nc-state-basketball-commit-205017782/ |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=[[247Sports.com]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == McNeil ya samu maki 4.2 da kuma rebounds 1.3 a wasanni 24 da ya buga a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sennett |first=Tucker |date=October 8, 2025 |title=Paul McNeil Ready To Take Big Leap For Wolfpack |url=https://www.si.com/college/ncstate/wolfpack-paul-mcneil-will-wade-darrion-williams-basketball |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=[[SI.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Watson-Fisher |first=Jadyn |date=April 8, 2025 |title=‘No shortcuts’: NC State freshman opts to stay with the program through coaching change |url=https://www.newsobserver.com/sports/college/acc/nc-state/article303629501.html |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=[[The News & Observer]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://gopack.com/sports/mens-basketball/roster/paul-mcneil/15370 NC State Wolfpack bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] a5pijhhlnxomykav4xsnec52kdnw6ur 0 177066 968093 956901 2026-10-16T08:18:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Patryk Sokołowski''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1994)<ref>{{cite web |title=Patryk Sokołowski|url=https://www.slaskwroclaw.pl/zawodnik/-/p/sezon-2024-2025/patryk-sokolowski/68538/26957 |publisher=[[Śląsk Wrocław]] |access-date=18 July 2025 |language=pl}}</ref> ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Poland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na ƙungiyar Ekstraklasa ta Śląsk Wrocław . <ref>{{Soccerway|patryk-sokolowski/334771}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Galiński |first=Tomasz |date=2024-01-09 |title=Były piłkarz Legii znalazł nowy klub. Jest oficjalne potwierdzenie |url=https://sportowefakty.wp.pl/pilka-nozna/1100225/byly-pilkarz-legii-znalazl-nowy-klub-jest-oficjalne-potwierdzenie |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=sportowefakty.wp.pl |language=pl}}</ref> Wani samfurin makarantar Legia Warsaw, ya kuma buga wa Olimpia Elbląg, Znicz Pruszków, Wigry Suwałki, Cracovia da Piast Gliwice, kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Ekstraklasa ta 2018-19 tare da wannan.<ref name="legia">{{Cite web |date=6 January 2022 |title=Patryk Sokołowski piłkarzem Legii |url=https://legia.com/undefined/pilka-nozna/patryk-sokolowski-pilkarzem-legii/15001 |publisher=Legia Warsaw |language=pl |access-date=26 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602124623/https://legia.com/undefined/pilka-nozna/patryk-sokolowski-pilkarzem-legii/15001 |archive-date=2 June 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Daraja == '''Olimpia Elbląg''' * III Liga Podlasie-Warmia-Masuria: 2015-16 <ref>{{Cite web |title=III liga 2015/2016, grupa: podlasko-warmińsko-mazurska |url=http://www.90minut.pl/liga/0/liga8144.html |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=90minut.pl |language=pl}}</ref> '''Piast Gliwice''' * Ekstraklasa: 2018-19 <ref name="legia" /> '''Legia Warsaw''' * Kofin Poland: 2022-23 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2023 |title=120 minut walki i nic! Zadecydowały dopiero rzuty karne |url=https://sport.interia.pl/puchar-polski/news-120-minut-walki-i-nic-zadecydowaly-dopiero-rzuty-karne,nId,6753462 |website=sport.interia.pl |language=pl}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Patryk Sokołowskia90minut.pl (a cikin yaren Polish) * {{Soccerway|patryk-sokolowski/334771}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] dihk8sr0xb6ojcccaaap2dixefxtf6i 0 177119 968061 957105 2026-10-16T04:33:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hukumar Kula da Jinya ta Frontier''' (FNS) tana ba da ayyukan kiwon lafiya ga al'ummomin karkara, waɗanda ba su da isasshen kulawa a Kentucky tun daga 1925, kuma tana ilmantar da masu jinya da ungozoma tun daga 1939. Hukumar tana kula da asibitoci shida na kiwon lafiya a yankunan karkara a gabashin [[Kentucky]] : Asibitin Mary Breckinridge (wanda yanzu yake ɓangare na Appalachian Regional Healthcare <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mary Breckinridge Hospital History {{!}} Appalachian Regional Healthcare |url=http://www.arh.org/locations/mary_breckinridge/our_history.aspx |access-date=2019-10-01 |website=arh.org}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ), Hukumar Lafiya ta Gida ta Mary Breckinridge, Jami'ar Kula da Jinya ta Frontier da kuma Bed and Breakfast Inn da ke Wendover, Kentucky . == Tarihi == === Kafa FNS da shekarun farko === An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1925 a gundumar Leslie, Kentucky ta hannun Mary Breckinridge (1881–1965) jim kaɗan bayan ta shaida aikin Hukumar Lafiya ta Highlands and Islands wanda aka kafa a [[Scotland]] shekaru goma sha biyu da suka gabata. Kafin ta zaɓi gundumar Leslie, ta yi bincike kan ƙananan hukumomin Leslie, Knott, da Owsley don tantance buƙatun mata da iyalai, ta yi hira da ungozoma na gida da kuma yin rikodin tarihinsu da ayyukansu. A tafiye-tafiyenta, ta yi magana da ungozoma, tana rubuta bayanai kamar shekaru, wurin haihuwa, matsayin karatu da rubutu, adadin shekarun da ta yi a aikace, tsafta, da adadin yaran da aka reno ga kowace ungozoma da ta yi magana da su. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Now |first=Circulating |date=2018-09-20 |title=The Forgotten Frontier: Nursing Done in Wild Places |url=https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2018/09/20/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places/ |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections |language=en-US}}</ref> Breckinridge, wacce ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1910 a Asibitin Kula da Marasa Lafiya na St. Luke da ke New York, ta zaɓi yankin ne saboda wurin da yake nesa, rashin likitoci masu lasisi, da kuma daɗaɗɗen alaƙar iyalinta da Kentucky. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crowe-Carraco |first=Carol |date=1978 |title=Mary Breckinridge and the Frontier Nursing Service |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23378979 |journal=The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society |volume=76 |issue=3 |pages=179–191 |issn=0023-0243 |jstor=23378979 |pmid=11618018}}</ref> Breckinridge ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta har zuwa rasuwarta a shekarar 1965. Breckinridge ta kafa Frontier Nursing Service don inganta kula da lafiyar mata da yara a yankunan karkara na Appalachia bayan mutuwar 'ya'yanta biyu ƙanana, Polly, wacce ta mutu awanni huɗu bayan haihuwarta, da Breckie, wacce ta mutu kwana huɗu bayan haihuwarsa ta huɗu. [1] A lokacin, yawan mace-macen mata da jarirai a Amurka ya kasance mai yawa, kuma ana ci gaba da muhawara kan ko likitoci ko ungozoma za su kula da haihuwa. [2] [3] [4] Frontier Nursing Service ita ce ƙungiya ta farko a Amurka da ta ɗauki ma'aikatan jinya waɗanda suma suka cancanta a matsayin ungozoma. Saboda babu makarantun ungozoma a Amurka, FNS ta sami damar samun ma'aikata masu ƙwarewa ta hanyar ba wa ma'aikatan jinya na Amurka tallafin karatu don yin karatu a Burtaniya ko kuma ta hanyar ɗaukar ungozoma masu ƙwarewa daga Burtaniya. [5] A da, an san ƙungiyar da Kwamitin Kentucky don Iyaye Mata da Jarirai. [6] Hukumar Kula da Jinya ta Frontier ta bunƙasa cikin sauri a cikin shekaru biyar na farko. Tare da taimakon ma'aikatan jinya guda biyu, Edna Rockstroh da Freda Caffin, Breckinridge ya buɗe asibitin farko na ƙungiyar a Hyden, Kentucky a shekarar 1925. Bukatar asibitin ta ƙaru cikin sauri, kuma a cikin watan farko na aikin, Breckinridge da ma'aikatan jinya biyu da ungozoma sun yi wa marasa lafiya 233 hidima. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dammann |first=Nancy |date=1980 |title=The Frontier nursing service as an agent of change |url=https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/250 |journal=Dissertations and Doctoral Studies. 250. |access-date=31 March 2023}}</ref> A watan Disamba na wannan shekarar, Breckinridge ta gina gidan katako a Wendover, Kentucky, wanda ake kira Big House, wanda ya zama gidanta da kuma hedikwatar Frontier Nursing Service. Asibitin Hyden da Cibiyar Lafiya sun buɗe ƙofofinsu a shekarar 1928, sannan kuma suka biyo bayan cibiyoyin jinya guda tara a gundumar Leslie da kuma ɓangaren Kogin Red Bird na gundumar Clay, Kentucky . Don tsakiyar sansanin, Breckinridge bai yi amfani da iyakokin gundumar ba, maimakon haka, ta gano sansanin da ke da nisan mil tara zuwa goma sha biyu daga juna a kan hanyoyin ruwa da hanyoyin tafiya da ciniki na halitta. A lokacin, FNS ta mamaye yankin da ya kai mil 60. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dammann |first=Nancy |date=1980 |title="The Frontier nursing service as an agent of change" |url=https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/250 |journal=Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies. 250. |page=67 |access-date=31 March 2023}}</ref> Saboda wurin da hidimar take da nisa da kuma al'ummomin da take yi wa hidima, ma'aikatan jinya dole ne su yi tafiya da dawaki. Da wannan aka faɗi, Mary Breckinridge ta ɗauki ma'aikatan jigilar kaya don Hukumar Kula da Jinya ta Frontier. Masu aika sakonni abokan aikin jinya ne. Lokacin da suke buƙatar zuwa wani lamari, masu jigilar kaya sun san yankunan da ke kewaye da hanyoyin kuma sun taimaka wa ma'aikatan jinya su ci gaba da tafiya daidai. Ko da a kan tafiya da daddare, ma'aikatan jinya ba su kaɗai ba ne. A cikin wata kasida da Anne Cockerham ta rubuta, ta ambaci cewa masu aika saƙonni sun fi GPS. Ana iya kwatanta mai aika saƙo a matsayin mutumin da ke hannun dama ga ma'aikacin jinya. Ko dai kai su wurare ne, shirya kayansu, ko kuma kawai kasancewa a wurin don tallafi, masu jigilar kaya suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga Hukumar Kula da Jinya ta Frontier. A waɗannan shekarun farko, dole ne a ɗauki ma'aikatan jinya masu ƙwarewar hawa doki daga Burtaniya, inda Breckinridge ya koyi game da aikin ungozoma na zamani, saboda babu makarantun ungozoma a Amurka. Ta tura mata 'yan Amurka masu sha'awar zuwa ƙasashen waje don neman ilimi, tana biyan duk kuɗin da suka kashe, muddin sun amince su yi aiki a Frontier Nursing Service na tsawon shekaru biyu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=West |first=Edith |date=2013-02-21 |title=History, Organization and the Changing Culture of Care: A Historical Analysis of the Frontier Nursing Service |url=https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol14/iss1/13 |journal=Journal of International Women's Studies |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=218–235 |issn=1539-8706}}</ref> Matan da suka yi aiki a wannan hidimar sun yi tafiya zuwa wurare masu nisa, da yawa ba tare da ruwa ko wutar lantarki ba, suna ba da kulawa ga mutanen da ake ɗaukar su a matsayin na daji ko ma "baƙi" ga Amurkawa a yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a. == Manazarta == ary1xe5qwmb7ud2uqnj5fb8bolmprbb 0 177380 967856 967270 2026-10-15T15:06:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matsayi na aji''' shine ma'auni na yadda aikin dalibi ya kwatanta da sauran dalibai a cikin aji. Ana kuma bayyana shi a matsayin kashi ɗaya cikin dari. Misali, dalibi na iya samun GPA mafi kyau fiye da 750 daga cikin abokan aji a cikin aji na digiri na 800, wanda zai sa ajiyar su kusan 50 daga cikin 800. A cikin sharuddan aiki, matsayi na aji yana ba da ma'auni na aiki na dangi maimakon cikakken kimantawa na iyawar ilimi. Yana bawa cibiyoyi, kwamitocin tallafin karatu, da ma'aikata damar kimantawa da sauri inda dalibi ke tsaye a cikin ƙungiyar takwarorinsu, musamman lokacin da ka'idojin ƙididdiga ko tsarin karatun ya bambanta a duk faɗin makarantu. Lokacin da aka bayyana a matsayin kashi, matsayi na aji ya kara sauƙaƙa kwatanci ta hanyar nuna yawan ɗalibai da ɗan takarar ya yi. A sakamakon haka, ana amfani da matsayi na aji sau da yawa azaman kayan aiki na dabarun tantancewa da rarrabewa a cikin tsarin zaɓin ilimi da ƙwararru. == Amfani a makarantun sakandare == Amfani da matsayi na aji a halin yanzu ana yin amfani da shi a kusan rabin makarantun sakandare na Amurka.<ref name="CollegeBoard" /> Manyan makarantun gwamnati sun fi dacewa da sanya ɗaliban su fiye da ƙananan makarantun masu zaman kansu.<ref name="CollegeBoard">{{Cite web |title=Counselor's Connection - Apply to College: Class Rank and College Admissions |url=http://www.collegeboard.com/prof/counselors/apply/14.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710223029/http://www.collegeboard.com/prof/counselors/apply/14.html |archive-date=July 10, 2007 |access-date=July 5, 2007 |publisher=The [[College Board]]}}</ref> Saboda jami'an shigarwa da yawa sun yi takaici cewa aikace-aikace da yawa ba su da matsayi, wasu kwalejoji suna amfani da wasu bayanan da makarantun sakandare suka bayar, a hade tare da GPA na dalibi don kimanta matsayin ɗalibin dalibi. Yawancin kwalejoji [kalmomin weasel] suna cewa rashin matsayi na aji ya tilasta musu su sanya ƙarin nauyi a kan daidaitattun gwajin.  == Amfani a cikin shigar kwaleji == Kolejoji galibi suna amfani da matsayi na aji a matsayin wani abu a cikin shigar da kwaleji, kodayake saboda bambance-bambance a cikin ka'idojin grading tsakanin makarantu, jami'an shigarwa sun fara haɗa ƙaramin nauyi ga wannan factor, duka don ba da shigarwa, da kuma bayar da tallafin karatu. Matsayin aji yana iya amfani da shi a manyan makarantu waɗanda suka fi dacewa a cikin shirye-shiryen shigar su.<ref name="CollegeBoard" /> === Shirye-shiryen kashi ɗaya === Wasu [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|jihohin Amurka]] suna ba da tabbacin cewa ɗaliban da suka kai matsayi mai girma a makarantar sakandare za a shigar da su jami'ar jiha, a cikin wani aiki da aka sani da ''tsare-tsaren kashi'' . Ɗaliban [[California]] waɗanda ke cikin manyan kashi tara cikin ɗari na ajin karatunsu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=California residents &#124; UC Admissions |url=http://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/freshman/california-residents/index.html |access-date=2026-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505085937/http://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/freshman/california-residents/index.html |archive-date=2014-05-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> da ɗaliban [[Florida]] waɗanda ke cikin manyan kashi ashirin cikin ɗari na ajin karatunsu suna da tabbacin shiga wata makarantar jiha, amma ba lallai bane wata cibiyar musamman. Tsarin Jami'ar Alaska yana ba da tallafin karatu na dala $11,000 na tsawon shekaru huɗu ga ɗaliban da ke cikin manyan kashi 10% na azuzuwan karatunsu a makarantun sakandare na Alaska. Kashi goma cikin ɗari na ɗaliban makarantun sakandare [[Texas|na Texas]] suna da tabbacin shiga makarantar gwamnati  da suka zaɓa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lang |first=David M. |date=April 1, 2007 |title=Class Rank, GPA, and Valedictorians: How High Schools Rank Students |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-secondary-education_spring-2007_35_2/page/36 |journal=American Secondary Education <!-- note that this is not actually a journal. But this citation template provides more parameters that are useful than {{citation}} does. --> |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=36–48 |issn=0003-1003 <!-- Note: This is what Ebsco Host defines as the ISSN, but the link goes to a slightly different article -->}}</ref> ban da Jami'ar Texas, wacce ke ware kashi 75% na kujerun ɗaliban aji na farko ga manyan membobin 6%. == Duba kuma == * Matsayin da aka yi bisa matsayi a Amurka * Girmamawar Latin * Mai gaisuwa * Mai ba da shawara kan harkokin kuɗi == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/14/education/desperately-seeking-diversity-the-10-percent-solution.html?emc=rss&partner=rssnyt Neman Bambancin Ra'ayi; Mafita Kashi 10] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130408094432/http://www.thestudentranking.com/ Tsarin matsayi na ɗalibai na duniya da jami'a (www.thestudentranking.com)] o6z7g79gt06n4rshwnptmxyj345y943 0 177385 967835 958977 2026-10-15T12:00:27Z Galadanchi123 50022 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377326147|Biography]]" 967835 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Plutarchs_Lives_Vol_the_Third_1727.jpg|thumb|Volume na uku na bugu na 1727 na Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans wanda Jacob Tonson ya buga]] '''tarihin '''Rayuwa'''''', ko kawai rayuwa, cikakken bayani ne ko labarin rayuwar mutum. Ya ƙunshi fiye da ainihin gaskiyar kamar ilimi, aiki, dangantaka, da mutuwa. Yana nuna kwarewar mutum game da waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa. Ba kamar bayanin martaba ko curriculum vitae (résumé) ba, tarihin rayuwa yana gabatar da labarin rayuwar batun, yana nuna fannoni daban-daban na rayuwarsu, gami da cikakkun bayanai game da gogewa, kuma yana iya haɗawa da nazarin halin batun. Ayyukan tarihin rayuwa yawanci ba fiction ba ne, amma ana iya amfani da fiction don nuna rayuwar mutum. Ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan zurfin tarihin rayuwa ana kiranta rubuce-rubucen gado. Ayyuka a cikin kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban, daga wallafe-wallafen zuwa fim, sun samar da nau'in da aka sani da tarihin rayuwa. Ana rubuta tarihin rayuwa mai izini tare da izini, hadin kai, kuma a wasu lokuta, shiga wani batu ko magadan wani batu. Tarihin da ba a ba da izini ba shine wanda aka rubuta ba tare da irin wannan izini ko shiga ba. An rubuta tarihin kansa ta hanyar batun, wani lokacin tare da taimakon abokin aiki ko marubucin fatalwa. == Tarihi == Da farko, an dauki rubuce-rubucen tarihin rayuwa ne kawai a matsayin wani sashi na tarihi tare da mai da hankali kan wani mutum na muhimmancin tarihi. Halin tarihin rayuwa mai zaman kansa kamar yadda ya bambanta da rubuce-rubucen tarihi na gaba ɗaya, ya fara fitowa a ƙarni na 18 kuma ya kai ga tsarinsa na zamani a farkon ƙarni na 20. {{Sfn|Kendall}} === Tarihin tarihi === [[File:Einhard.jpg|right|thumb|221x221px|Einhard a matsayin marubuci]] Tarihin rayuwa shine nau'in wallafe-wallafen farko a tarihi. A cewar masanin kimiyyar Masar [[Miriam Lichtheim]], rubuce-rubuce ya ɗauki matakai na farko zuwa ga wallafe-wallafen a cikin mahallin rubutun jana'izar kabarin masu zaman kansu. Wadannan rubuce-rubucen tarihin tunawa ne da ke ba da labarin ayyukan manyan jami'an sarauta da suka mutu. Rubutun tarihin farko sun fito ne daga karni na 26 BC. A cikin karni na 21 BC, an rubuta wani sanannen tarihin rayuwa a [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamiya]] game da Gilgamesh. Ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan guda biyar na iya zama tarihi. Daga wannan yankin ƙarni biyu bayan haka, a cewar [[Baibûl|wani sanannen tarihin rayuwa]], [[Ibrahim]] ya bar. Shi da zuriyarsa uku sun zama batutuwa na tarihin Ibrananci na dā ko na almara ko na tarihi. Xenophon (c. 430 zuwa 355/354 BC) ya rubuta tarihin Cyrus, wanda ya kafa Daular Farisa. Ɗaya daga cikin marubutan tarihin Romawa na farko shine Cornelius Nepos, wanda ya buga aikinsa ''Excellentium Imperatorum Vitae'' ("Rayuwa na manyan janar") a cikin 44 BC. Plutarch ya rubuta tarihin rayuwa mafi tsawo da yawa a cikin Girkanci, a cikin Parallel Lives, wanda aka buga game da 80 AD. A cikin wannan aikin sanannun Helenawa suna tare da sanannun Romawa, alal misali, masu magana Demosthenes da [[Cicero]], ko janar Alexander the Great da [[Julius Caesar|Julius Kaisar]]; wasu tarihin rayuwa hamsin daga aikin sun tsira. Wani sanannen tarin tarihin d ̄ a shine <nowiki><i id="mwRw">De vita Caesarum</i></nowiki> ("A kan Rayuwar Kaisar") na Suetonius, wanda aka rubuta game da 121 AD a lokacin sarki [[Hadrian]] . A halin yanzu, a gabashin mulkin mallaka, Linjila ta bayyana rayuwar [[Isa|Yesu]]. A farkon [[Zamanin Tsakiya]] (400-1450 AD), an sami raguwa a cikin wayar da kan jama'a game da al'adun gargajiya a Turai. A wannan lokacin, kawai wuraren adana ilimi da rubuce-rubuce na tarihin farko a Turai sune na [[Cocin katolika|Cocin Roman Katolika]]. Masu zaman kansu, 'yan majami'a, da firistoci sun yi amfani da wannan lokacin tarihi don rubuta tarihin rayuwa. Sau da yawa ana iyakance talakawan su ga Iyayen coci, shahidai, popes, da tsarkaka. Ayyukansu an yi su ne don zama masu wahayi ga mutane da motoci don juyawa zuwa [[Kiristanci]] (duba Hagiography). Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman misali na tarihin rayuwa daga wannan lokacin shine rayuwar Charlemagne ta hanyar mai kula da shi Einhard. A cikin Yammacin Indiya na Tsakiya, akwai nau'in wallafe-wallafen [[Sanskrit]] Jain na rubuce-rubuce na tarihin tarihin rayuwa game da rayuwar sanannun mutane da ake kira Prabandhas . Masanan [[Jainanci|Jain]] ne suka rubuta Prabandhas da farko daga karni na 13 zuwa gaba kuma an rubuta su a cikin Sanskrit na yau da kullun (kamar yadda ya saba da [[Sanskrit|Sanskrit na gargajiya]]). Tarin farko da ake kira ''Prabandha'' a bayyane shine Jinabhadra's ''Prabandhavali'' (1234 AZ). In [[Zamanin Zinare na Musulunci|Medieval Islamic Civilization]] ({{Circa|AD 750}} to 1258), similar traditional Muslim biographies of [[Muhammad]] and other important figures in the early history of Islam began to be written, beginning the Prophetic biography tradition. Early biographical dictionaries were published as compendia of famous Islamic personalities from the 9th century onwards. They contained more social data for a large segment of the population than other works of that period. The earliest biographical dictionaries initially focused on the lives of the [[Annabi|prophets of Islam]] and [[Sahabban Annabi|their companions]], with one of these early examples being ''The Book of The Major Classes'' by Ibn Sa'd al-Baghdadi. And then began the documentation of the lives of many other historical figures (from rulers to scholars) who lived in the medieval Islamic world.{{Sfn|Nawas|2006}} [[Fayil:Foxe's_Book_of_Martyrs_-_Frontispiece_(1761).jpg|left|thumb|''Littafin shahidai'' na John Foxe, yana ɗaya daga cikin tarihin farko na harshen Ingilishi.]] A ƙarshen Zamanin Tsakiya, tarihin rayuwa ya zama ba su da masaniya a Turai yayin da tarihin [[Masarauta|Sarakuna]], jarumawa, da masu zalunci suka fara bayyana. Mafi shahararren irin waɗannan tarihin shine Le Morte d'Arthur na Sir Thomas Malory . Littafin ya kasance labarin rayuwar Sarki Arthur da Knights of the Round Table. Bayan Malory, sabon jaddadawa kan [[Humanism|bil'adama]] a lokacin [[Renaissance]] ya inganta mayar da hankali kan batutuwa na duniya, kamar masu zane-zane da mawaƙa, kuma ya ƙarfafa rubuce-rubuce a cikin yaren. Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Artists (1550) shi ne tarihin rayuwa mai mahimmanci wanda ke mai da hankali kan rayuwar duniya. Vasari ya sanya shahararrun mutane game da batunsa, yayin da Lives ya zama "mafi kyawun sayarwa" na farko. Sauran ci gaba guda biyu suna da ban sha'awa: ci gaban buga takardu a karni na 15 da kuma karuwar [[Ilimin karatu|karatu da rubutu]]. Tarihin rayuwa a cikin harshen Ingilishi ya fara bayyana a lokacin mulkin [[Henry VIII|Henry na takwas]]. Ayyuka da Tarihi na John Foxe (1563), wanda aka fi sani da ''Littafin Shahadar Foxe'', shine ainihin ƙamus na farko na tarihin rayuwa a Turai, wanda Thomas Fuller ya biyo baya The History of the Worthies of England (1662), tare da mai da hankali kan rayuwar jama'a. Mai tasiri wajen tsara shahararrun ra'ayoyin 'yan fashi, A General History of the Pyrates (1724), na Charles Johnson, shine babban tushe ga tarihin sanannun' yan fashi da yawa.{{Sfn|Johnson|2002}} Wani sanannen tarin tarihin shahararrun maza da mata a [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] shine Biographia Britannica (1747-1766) wanda William Oldys ya shirya. Sashin mai a cikin [[Phospholipid|phospholipids]] da [[Glycolipid|glycolipids]] yawanci suna dauke da adadin kwayar halitta ta carbon, yawanci tsakanin 16 da 20. 16- da 18-carbon fatty acids sune mafi yawanci. Ana iya cika acid mai ƙiba ko ba a cika shi ba, tare da tsari na haɗin biyu kusan koyaushe "cis". Tsawon da kuma matakin rashin cikawa na sarkar mai suna da tasiri mai zurfi a kan ruwa na membrane kamar yadda lipids marasa cikawa ke haifar da kink, hana fatty acids daga tattarawa tare kamar yadda yake da ƙarfi, don haka rage zafin narkewa (ƙara ruwa) na membrane.<ref name="Lodish-2000a">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref><ref name="Cooper-2000">{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Geoffrey M. |name-list-style=vanc |date=2000 |title=Structure of the Plasma Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |url-status=live |journal=The Cell: A Molecular Approach |language=en |edition=2nd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919234732/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |archive-date=2017-09-19}}</ref> Ikon wasu kwayoyin halitta don daidaita [[Membrane fluidity|ruwa na membranes na sel]] ta hanyar canza abun da ke cikin lipid ana kiransa homeoviscous adaptation.{{Clear}} === Fitowar jinsi === [[File:James_Boswell_of_Auchinleck.jpg|thumb|[[James Boswell]] ya rubuta abin da mutane da yawa suka ɗauka shine tarihin zamani na farko, The Life of Samuel Johnson, a cikin shekara ta 1791.]] The first modern biography, and a work that exerted considerable influence on the evolution of the genre, was [[James Boswell]]'s ''The Life of Samuel Johnson'', a biography of lexicographer and man-of-letters Samuel Johnson published in 1791.{{Sfn|Butler|2012}} {{Sfn|Ingram|Rawson|Waingrow|Boswell|1998}}{{Sfn|Turnbull|2019}} Duk da yake sanin Boswell da batun sa ya fara ne kawai a shekara ta 1763, lokacin da Johnson ke da shekaru 54, Boswell ya rufe dukan rayuwar Johnson ta hanyar ƙarin bincike. Shi da kansa wani muhimmin mataki ne a ci gaban nau'in tarihin zamani, an yi iƙirarin cewa shi ne mafi girman tarihin da aka rubuta a cikin [[Turanci|Harshen Ingilishi]]. Ayyukan Boswell na musamman ne a matakin bincikensa, wanda ya haɗa da nazarin tarihin, asusun shaida da tambayoyi, labarinsa mai ƙarfi da kyau, da kuma kwatancin gaskiya na duk fannoni na rayuwar Johnson da halin - tsari wanda ke aiki a matsayin tushen wallafe-wallafen tarihin rayuwa har zuwa yau. Rubuce-rubucen tarihin rayuwa gabaɗaya sun tsaya a cikin karni na 19 - a lokuta da yawa akwai juyawa ga hanyar da aka fi sani da ita na yabo matattu, kamar tarihin tsarkaka da aka samar a zamanin Medieval. Bambanci tsakanin tarihin jama'a da tarihin wallafe-wallafen ya fara samuwa a tsakiyar karni, yana nuna raguwa tsakanin al'adu masu girma da al'adun matsakaicin matsayi. Koyaya, yawan tarihin rayuwa a cikin bugawa sun sami ci gaba mai sauri, godiya ga fadada yawan masu karatu. Wannan juyin juya halin a cikin bugawa ya ba da littattafai ga masu sauraro da yawa. Bugu da kari, an buga bugu masu araha na shahararrun tarihin rayuwa a karon farko. Littattafai na lokaci-lokaci sun fara buga jerin zane-zane.{{Sfn|Casper|1999}} Tarihin rayuwa ya zama sananne, kamar yadda tare da hauhawar ilimi da bugawa mai arha, ra'ayoyin zamani na shahara da shahararrun mutane suka fara tasowa. Marubutan sun rubuta tarihin rayuwa, kamar su [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ([[Landan]] ya haɗa da abubuwan ''Tarihin kansa'' a cikin litattafansa) da Anthony Trollope (Autobinsa ya bayyana bayan mutuwarsa, da sauri ya zama mafi kyawun sayarwa a London), masana falsafa (kamar John Stuart Mill), ma'aikatan coci (kamar John Henry Newman), da masu nishadantarwa (kamar P. T. Barnum).{{Sfn|Roberts|1883}} === Tarihin zamani === Kimiyya ta [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar dan adam]] da [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] sun hau kan gaba a farkon karni na 20 kuma za su yi tasiri sosai ga tarihin rayuwar sabon karni.{{Sfn|Stone|1982}}Rashin ka'idar [[Ka'idar Mutum Mai Girma|"babban mutum"]] na tarihi ya nuna tunanin da ke fitowa. Za a bayyana halayyar ɗan adam ta hanyar ka'idodin Darwinian. Tarihin "Sociological" sun yi la'akari da ayyukan batutuwan su sakamakon muhalli, kuma suna nuna rashin mutunci. Ci gaban psychoanalysis ya haifar da ƙarin fahimta da cikakken fahimta game da batun tarihin rayuwa, kuma ya sa masu ba da labari su ba da ƙarin jaddada yara da [[Samartaka|Matasa]]. A bayyane yake waɗannan ra'ayoyin ilimin halayyar mutum suna canza yadda aka rubuta tarihin rayuwa, yayin da al'adun tarihin kansa suka bunkasa, inda ba da labarin kansa ya zama nau'in magani.{{Sfn|Casper|1999}}Tunanin al'ada na jarumawa da labarun nasara sun ɓace a cikin damuwa da binciken halayyar mutum. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sie99ar45r6xg9t5u6nfn2csltz6d1y 967836 967835 2026-10-15T12:01:13Z Galadanchi123 50022 967836 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Plutarchs_Lives_Vol_the_Third_1727.jpg|thumb|Volume na uku na bugu na 1727 na Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans wanda Jacob Tonson ya buga]]{{Databox}} '''tarihin '''Rayuwa'''''', ko kawai rayuwa, cikakken bayani ne ko labarin rayuwar mutum. Ya ƙunshi fiye da ainihin gaskiyar kamar ilimi, aiki, dangantaka, da mutuwa. Yana nuna kwarewar mutum game da waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa. Ba kamar bayanin martaba ko curriculum vitae (résumé) ba, tarihin rayuwa yana gabatar da labarin rayuwar batun, yana nuna fannoni daban-daban na rayuwarsu, gami da cikakkun bayanai game da gogewa, kuma yana iya haɗawa da nazarin halin batun. Ayyukan tarihin rayuwa yawanci ba fiction ba ne, amma ana iya amfani da fiction don nuna rayuwar mutum. Ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan zurfin tarihin rayuwa ana kiranta rubuce-rubucen gado. Ayyuka a cikin kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban, daga wallafe-wallafen zuwa fim, sun samar da nau'in da aka sani da tarihin rayuwa. Ana rubuta tarihin rayuwa mai izini tare da izini, hadin kai, kuma a wasu lokuta, shiga wani batu ko magadan wani batu. Tarihin da ba a ba da izini ba shine wanda aka rubuta ba tare da irin wannan izini ko shiga ba. An rubuta tarihin kansa ta hanyar batun, wani lokacin tare da taimakon abokin aiki ko marubucin fatalwa. == Tarihi == Da farko, an dauki rubuce-rubucen tarihin rayuwa ne kawai a matsayin wani sashi na tarihi tare da mai da hankali kan wani mutum na muhimmancin tarihi. Halin tarihin rayuwa mai zaman kansa kamar yadda ya bambanta da rubuce-rubucen tarihi na gaba ɗaya, ya fara fitowa a ƙarni na 18 kuma ya kai ga tsarinsa na zamani a farkon ƙarni na 20. {{Sfn|Kendall}} === Tarihin tarihi === [[File:Einhard.jpg|right|thumb|221x221px|Einhard a matsayin marubuci]] Tarihin rayuwa shine nau'in wallafe-wallafen farko a tarihi. A cewar masanin kimiyyar Masar [[Miriam Lichtheim]], rubuce-rubuce ya ɗauki matakai na farko zuwa ga wallafe-wallafen a cikin mahallin rubutun jana'izar kabarin masu zaman kansu. Wadannan rubuce-rubucen tarihin tunawa ne da ke ba da labarin ayyukan manyan jami'an sarauta da suka mutu. Rubutun tarihin farko sun fito ne daga karni na 26 BC. A cikin karni na 21 BC, an rubuta wani sanannen tarihin rayuwa a [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamiya]] game da Gilgamesh. Ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan guda biyar na iya zama tarihi. Daga wannan yankin ƙarni biyu bayan haka, a cewar [[Baibûl|wani sanannen tarihin rayuwa]], [[Ibrahim]] ya bar. Shi da zuriyarsa uku sun zama batutuwa na tarihin Ibrananci na dā ko na almara ko na tarihi. Xenophon (c. 430 zuwa 355/354 BC) ya rubuta tarihin Cyrus, wanda ya kafa Daular Farisa. Ɗaya daga cikin marubutan tarihin Romawa na farko shine Cornelius Nepos, wanda ya buga aikinsa ''Excellentium Imperatorum Vitae'' ("Rayuwa na manyan janar") a cikin 44 BC. Plutarch ya rubuta tarihin rayuwa mafi tsawo da yawa a cikin Girkanci, a cikin Parallel Lives, wanda aka buga game da 80 AD. A cikin wannan aikin sanannun Helenawa suna tare da sanannun Romawa, alal misali, masu magana Demosthenes da [[Cicero]], ko janar Alexander the Great da [[Julius Caesar|Julius Kaisar]]; wasu tarihin rayuwa hamsin daga aikin sun tsira. Wani sanannen tarin tarihin d ̄ a shine <nowiki><i id="mwRw">De vita Caesarum</i></nowiki> ("A kan Rayuwar Kaisar") na Suetonius, wanda aka rubuta game da 121 AD a lokacin sarki [[Hadrian]] . A halin yanzu, a gabashin mulkin mallaka, Linjila ta bayyana rayuwar [[Isa|Yesu]]. A farkon [[Zamanin Tsakiya]] (400-1450 AD), an sami raguwa a cikin wayar da kan jama'a game da al'adun gargajiya a Turai. A wannan lokacin, kawai wuraren adana ilimi da rubuce-rubuce na tarihin farko a Turai sune na [[Cocin katolika|Cocin Roman Katolika]]. Masu zaman kansu, 'yan majami'a, da firistoci sun yi amfani da wannan lokacin tarihi don rubuta tarihin rayuwa. Sau da yawa ana iyakance talakawan su ga Iyayen coci, shahidai, popes, da tsarkaka. Ayyukansu an yi su ne don zama masu wahayi ga mutane da motoci don juyawa zuwa [[Kiristanci]] (duba Hagiography). Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman misali na tarihin rayuwa daga wannan lokacin shine rayuwar Charlemagne ta hanyar mai kula da shi Einhard. A cikin Yammacin Indiya na Tsakiya, akwai nau'in wallafe-wallafen [[Sanskrit]] Jain na rubuce-rubuce na tarihin tarihin rayuwa game da rayuwar sanannun mutane da ake kira Prabandhas . Masanan [[Jainanci|Jain]] ne suka rubuta Prabandhas da farko daga karni na 13 zuwa gaba kuma an rubuta su a cikin Sanskrit na yau da kullun (kamar yadda ya saba da [[Sanskrit|Sanskrit na gargajiya]]). Tarin farko da ake kira ''Prabandha'' a bayyane shine Jinabhadra's ''Prabandhavali'' (1234 AZ). In [[Zamanin Zinare na Musulunci|Medieval Islamic Civilization]] ({{Circa|AD 750}} to 1258), similar traditional Muslim biographies of [[Muhammad]] and other important figures in the early history of Islam began to be written, beginning the Prophetic biography tradition. Early biographical dictionaries were published as compendia of famous Islamic personalities from the 9th century onwards. They contained more social data for a large segment of the population than other works of that period. The earliest biographical dictionaries initially focused on the lives of the [[Annabi|prophets of Islam]] and [[Sahabban Annabi|their companions]], with one of these early examples being ''The Book of The Major Classes'' by Ibn Sa'd al-Baghdadi. And then began the documentation of the lives of many other historical figures (from rulers to scholars) who lived in the medieval Islamic world.{{Sfn|Nawas|2006}} [[Fayil:Foxe's_Book_of_Martyrs_-_Frontispiece_(1761).jpg|left|thumb|''Littafin shahidai'' na John Foxe, yana ɗaya daga cikin tarihin farko na harshen Ingilishi.]] A ƙarshen Zamanin Tsakiya, tarihin rayuwa ya zama ba su da masaniya a Turai yayin da tarihin [[Masarauta|Sarakuna]], jarumawa, da masu zalunci suka fara bayyana. Mafi shahararren irin waɗannan tarihin shine Le Morte d'Arthur na Sir Thomas Malory . Littafin ya kasance labarin rayuwar Sarki Arthur da Knights of the Round Table. Bayan Malory, sabon jaddadawa kan [[Humanism|bil'adama]] a lokacin [[Renaissance]] ya inganta mayar da hankali kan batutuwa na duniya, kamar masu zane-zane da mawaƙa, kuma ya ƙarfafa rubuce-rubuce a cikin yaren. Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Artists (1550) shi ne tarihin rayuwa mai mahimmanci wanda ke mai da hankali kan rayuwar duniya. Vasari ya sanya shahararrun mutane game da batunsa, yayin da Lives ya zama "mafi kyawun sayarwa" na farko. Sauran ci gaba guda biyu suna da ban sha'awa: ci gaban buga takardu a karni na 15 da kuma karuwar [[Ilimin karatu|karatu da rubutu]]. Tarihin rayuwa a cikin harshen Ingilishi ya fara bayyana a lokacin mulkin [[Henry VIII|Henry na takwas]]. Ayyuka da Tarihi na John Foxe (1563), wanda aka fi sani da ''Littafin Shahadar Foxe'', shine ainihin ƙamus na farko na tarihin rayuwa a Turai, wanda Thomas Fuller ya biyo baya The History of the Worthies of England (1662), tare da mai da hankali kan rayuwar jama'a. Mai tasiri wajen tsara shahararrun ra'ayoyin 'yan fashi, A General History of the Pyrates (1724), na Charles Johnson, shine babban tushe ga tarihin sanannun' yan fashi da yawa.{{Sfn|Johnson|2002}} Wani sanannen tarin tarihin shahararrun maza da mata a [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] shine Biographia Britannica (1747-1766) wanda William Oldys ya shirya. Sashin mai a cikin [[Phospholipid|phospholipids]] da [[Glycolipid|glycolipids]] yawanci suna dauke da adadin kwayar halitta ta carbon, yawanci tsakanin 16 da 20. 16- da 18-carbon fatty acids sune mafi yawanci. Ana iya cika acid mai ƙiba ko ba a cika shi ba, tare da tsari na haɗin biyu kusan koyaushe "cis". Tsawon da kuma matakin rashin cikawa na sarkar mai suna da tasiri mai zurfi a kan ruwa na membrane kamar yadda lipids marasa cikawa ke haifar da kink, hana fatty acids daga tattarawa tare kamar yadda yake da ƙarfi, don haka rage zafin narkewa (ƙara ruwa) na membrane.<ref name="Lodish-2000a">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref><ref name="Cooper-2000">{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Geoffrey M. |name-list-style=vanc |date=2000 |title=Structure of the Plasma Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |url-status=live |journal=The Cell: A Molecular Approach |language=en |edition=2nd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919234732/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |archive-date=2017-09-19}}</ref> Ikon wasu kwayoyin halitta don daidaita [[Membrane fluidity|ruwa na membranes na sel]] ta hanyar canza abun da ke cikin lipid ana kiransa homeoviscous adaptation.{{Clear}} === Fitowar jinsi === [[File:James_Boswell_of_Auchinleck.jpg|thumb|[[James Boswell]] ya rubuta abin da mutane da yawa suka ɗauka shine tarihin zamani na farko, The Life of Samuel Johnson, a cikin shekara ta 1791.]] The first modern biography, and a work that exerted considerable influence on the evolution of the genre, was [[James Boswell]]'s ''The Life of Samuel Johnson'', a biography of lexicographer and man-of-letters Samuel Johnson published in 1791.{{Sfn|Butler|2012}} {{Sfn|Ingram|Rawson|Waingrow|Boswell|1998}}{{Sfn|Turnbull|2019}} Duk da yake sanin Boswell da batun sa ya fara ne kawai a shekara ta 1763, lokacin da Johnson ke da shekaru 54, Boswell ya rufe dukan rayuwar Johnson ta hanyar ƙarin bincike. Shi da kansa wani muhimmin mataki ne a ci gaban nau'in tarihin zamani, an yi iƙirarin cewa shi ne mafi girman tarihin da aka rubuta a cikin [[Turanci|Harshen Ingilishi]]. Ayyukan Boswell na musamman ne a matakin bincikensa, wanda ya haɗa da nazarin tarihin, asusun shaida da tambayoyi, labarinsa mai ƙarfi da kyau, da kuma kwatancin gaskiya na duk fannoni na rayuwar Johnson da halin - tsari wanda ke aiki a matsayin tushen wallafe-wallafen tarihin rayuwa har zuwa yau. Rubuce-rubucen tarihin rayuwa gabaɗaya sun tsaya a cikin karni na 19 - a lokuta da yawa akwai juyawa ga hanyar da aka fi sani da ita na yabo matattu, kamar tarihin tsarkaka da aka samar a zamanin Medieval. Bambanci tsakanin tarihin jama'a da tarihin wallafe-wallafen ya fara samuwa a tsakiyar karni, yana nuna raguwa tsakanin al'adu masu girma da al'adun matsakaicin matsayi. Koyaya, yawan tarihin rayuwa a cikin bugawa sun sami ci gaba mai sauri, godiya ga fadada yawan masu karatu. Wannan juyin juya halin a cikin bugawa ya ba da littattafai ga masu sauraro da yawa. Bugu da kari, an buga bugu masu araha na shahararrun tarihin rayuwa a karon farko. Littattafai na lokaci-lokaci sun fara buga jerin zane-zane.{{Sfn|Casper|1999}} Tarihin rayuwa ya zama sananne, kamar yadda tare da hauhawar ilimi da bugawa mai arha, ra'ayoyin zamani na shahara da shahararrun mutane suka fara tasowa. Marubutan sun rubuta tarihin rayuwa, kamar su [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ([[Landan]] ya haɗa da abubuwan ''Tarihin kansa'' a cikin litattafansa) da Anthony Trollope (Autobinsa ya bayyana bayan mutuwarsa, da sauri ya zama mafi kyawun sayarwa a London), masana falsafa (kamar John Stuart Mill), ma'aikatan coci (kamar John Henry Newman), da masu nishadantarwa (kamar P. T. Barnum).{{Sfn|Roberts|1883}} === Tarihin zamani === Kimiyya ta [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar dan adam]] da [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] sun hau kan gaba a farkon karni na 20 kuma za su yi tasiri sosai ga tarihin rayuwar sabon karni.{{Sfn|Stone|1982}}Rashin ka'idar [[Ka'idar Mutum Mai Girma|"babban mutum"]] na tarihi ya nuna tunanin da ke fitowa. Za a bayyana halayyar ɗan adam ta hanyar ka'idodin Darwinian. Tarihin "Sociological" sun yi la'akari da ayyukan batutuwan su sakamakon muhalli, kuma suna nuna rashin mutunci. Ci gaban psychoanalysis ya haifar da ƙarin fahimta da cikakken fahimta game da batun tarihin rayuwa, kuma ya sa masu ba da labari su ba da ƙarin jaddada yara da [[Samartaka|Matasa]]. A bayyane yake waɗannan ra'ayoyin ilimin halayyar mutum suna canza yadda aka rubuta tarihin rayuwa, yayin da al'adun tarihin kansa suka bunkasa, inda ba da labarin kansa ya zama nau'in magani.{{Sfn|Casper|1999}}Tunanin al'ada na jarumawa da labarun nasara sun ɓace a cikin damuwa da binciken halayyar mutum. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ouko8jjzum56ty0rwgodk2mnqf9q3s6 0 177392 968028 959097 2026-10-15T23:33:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Naem khao''' (Lao), wanda aka fi sani da '''yam naem''' (Thai) sanannen Saladi abinci ne na Lao wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[Tha Deua]], wani karamin ƙauyen tashar jiragen ruwa, a [[Vientiane]], [[Laos]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thip Khao |date=2018-04-25 |title=Thip Khao on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/thipkhaoDC/status/989171967298297857 |access-date=2019-06-29 |publisher=Twitter.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Le Canard Du Mékong : Riz croustillant nem khao |url=http://www.canardumekong.com/2011/12/riz-croustillant-nem-khao.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222050119/http://www.canardumekong.com/2011/12/riz-croustillant-nem-khao.html |archive-date=2019-12-22 |access-date=2019-06-29 |publisher=Canardumekong.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-08-20 |title=CUISINE LAO – Site de cuisine asiatique |url=http://cuisine-lao.blogspot.com/2009/07/nem-thadeua.html |access-date=2019-06-29 |publisher=Cuisine-lao.blogspot.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Serious Eats |title=Lao Food 101: Essential Dishes From Laos and Isan |url=https://www.seriouseats.com/2018/05/a-guide-to-the-essential-dishes-of-laos.html |access-date=2019-06-29 |publisher=Serious Eats}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ladylettante |url=http://ladylettante.canalblog.com/ |access-date=2019-06-29 |publisher=Ladylettante.canalblog.com}}</ref> Ana iya samun Nam khao a kan tituna, gidajen cin abinci, ko kuma a yi amfani da salon al'umma / potluck a kan manyan trays a jam'iyyun da sauran abubuwan biki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-20 |title=Lao Food Culture |url=https://www.storynosh.com/lao-food-culture/ |access-date=2019-06-29 |publisher=Story Nosh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624172224/https://www.storynosh.com/lao-food-culture/ |archive-date=2019-06-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Abincin ya bazu zuwa Arewa maso gabashin Thailand (Isan) da sauran Thailand lokacin da Laotians da kabilun Lao daga yankin Isan suka yi ƙaura zuwa [[Bangkok]] don aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Naem Khao Tod (แหนมข้าวทอด) |url=http://traditionalthaifood.com/recipe/naem-khao-tod/ |access-date=2019-06-29 |publisher=Traditional Thai Food |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717110713/http://traditionalthaifood.com/recipe/naem-khao-tod/ |archive-date=2019-07-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Abincin kuma yana samun karbuwa a Yamma inda 'yan Laos suka yi hijira. An kuma ambaci sunansa daga cikin mafi kyawun abinci na titi a Asiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Laos Among CNN's Top Picks for Asian Street Food |url=https://laotiantimes.com/2022/08/24/laos-among-cnns-top-picks-for-asian-street-food/ |access-date=2 November 2023 |website=The Laotian Times |publication-date=24 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=50 of the best street foods in Asia |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/asia-best-street-foods-cmd/index.html |access-date=2 November 2023 |website=CNN Travel |publication-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> == Sauran sunaye == Naem khao kuma an san shi da naem Thadeua ( ), '''naem khao tod''' (Lao) naem khaos naem khaon naem khaō thot (Thai_language" id="mwSw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Thai language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Thai) naem Khao thot (Tailandia) ko kuma shinkafa ta yaren yaren yarin yaren yarun yaren yaron yaren yaran yaren yarn yaren yar<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-11 |title=Laos in five dishes |url=https://explorepartsunknown.com/laos/laos-in-five-dishes/ |access-date=2019-06-29 |publisher=Explorepartsunknown.com}}</ref>{{IPA|lo|nɛ̌ːm tʰāː dɯ̀a|pron}}{{IPA|lo|nɛ̌ːm kʰȁːw tʰɔ̂ːt|pron}}{{IPA|th|jām nɛ̌ːm kʰâːw tʰɔ̂ːt|pron}}{{IPA|th|nɛ̌ːm kʰlúk|pron}} == Abubuwan da ake amfani da su da kuma shirye-shiryen == Naem khao an yi shi da ƙwallon shinkafa da aka dafa sosai (kamar croquette mai laushi), ɓangarorin sausage na naman alade na Lao-style Vietnamese (som moo ko naem chua), yankan peanuts, grated coconut, yankan scallions ko shallots, mint, cilantro, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, sauce na kifi, da sauran sinadaran. Ana cin Nam khao a al'ada a matsayin murfin ta hanyar cika ganye na lettuce tare da cokali na cakuda nam khao sannan a rufe shi da sabbin ganye da busassun chili.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2016 |title=Laotian Crispy Rice Salad (Nam khao) |url=https://lovefoodasia.wordpress.com/2016/02/21/laotian-crispy-rice-salad-nam-khao/}}</ref> Hanyar gargajiya ta Lao na yin nam khao ta haɗa da shinkafa da aka dafa tare da jan [[Curry|curry paste]], sukari, gishiri, da kwakwa, sannan kuma samar da cakuda a cikin ƙwallon shinkafa don a rufe shi da ƙwai kuma a dafa shi sosai har sai ya yi tsami. Kafin a yi amfani da shi, ana karya ƙwallon shinkafa a cikin ƙananan ɓangarori sannan a haɗa su da sauran sabbin sinadaran don samar da salatin shinkafa mai laushi.<ref name="auto" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin salatin * Tashar abinci == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} i49jgyzi8ubg0i9r2ih5ioc4l9tfzfc 0 177410 967843 959207 2026-10-15T13:32:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Graber''' Ba'amurke ne wanda aka tuhume shi, a cikin shekara ta 2010, da keta dokar sauraron waya ta [[Maryland]] don yin rikodin da ba a bayyana ba game da karɓar tikitin saurin gudu daga wani [[Jami'an Ƴan Sanda|Jami'in 'yan sanda]]. Idan aka yanke masa hukunci, da ya fuskanci shekaru 16 a kurkuku, bayan an bincika gidansa kuma an kwace dukiyarsa. Graber an haife shi a shekara ta 1985 ya kasance sajan ma'aikatan Maryland Air National Guard, tare da yara biyu a lokacin da aka kama shi. == Abin da ya faru == A watan Maris na shekara ta 2010, Graber yana saurin gudu a kan [[Mashin|babur]] dinsa, yana karkatar da Hanyoyin zirga-zirga, kuma ya yi akalla wheelie daya a kan Interstate 95 yayin yin rikodin tare da kyamarar bidiyo a kan kwalkwali. An yanke shi da wani launin toka mai launin toka wanda ba a san shi ba. Wani mutum da ke sanye da jeans da sweatshirt ya fita daga motar kuma tare da [[bindiga]] ya umarci Graber ya sauka daga babur dinsa. Mutumin, Sojojin Jihar Maryland Joseph D. Uhler, ya yi ado da tufafi masu sauƙi, sannan ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "Sandan Jihar", kuma ya ambaci Graber tare da keta doka don 80 mph a cikin yankin 65 mph. &nbsp;&nbsp;Ba a ganuwa da lambar Uhler, wacce ke kan belinsa, nan da nan ba a gani a cikin bidiyon har sai Uhler ya rufe bindigarsa. A ranar 10 ga watan Maris, Graber ya sanya bidiyon gamuwa a [[YouTube]]. Masu gabatar da kara sun sami babban juri da ke tuhuma Graber da keta dokokin sauraron waya na Maryland don rikodin sauti na jami'in ba tare da yardarsa ba. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 'yan sanda sun bincika gidan Graber kuma sun kwace kyamara, yatsan yatsa, hard drives na waje, da [[Komfuta|kwamfutoci]] huɗu. Ba a kama Graber a wannan lokacin ba saboda an yi masa tiyata. Lokacin da ya mika kansa cikin mako guda bayan haka an kama shi kuma ya kwashe sa'o'i 26 a kurkuku. A ranar 1 ga watan Yuni, an gurfanar da shi a Kotun Harford County a Bel Air . An tuhume shi da laifuffuka huɗu kuma ya fuskanci matsakaicin shekaru 16 a kurkuku idan aka yanke masa hukunci a kan dukkan tuhume-tuhumen. == Sakamakon == A ranar 7 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2010, Babban Lauyan Maryland Douglas Gansler ya fitar da ra'ayi yana ba da shawara ga dan majalisa na jihar cewa, sabanin ikirarin Lauyan Jihar Harford County Joseph Cassilly, dakatar da zirga-zirga ba misali ba ne inda jami'in 'yan sanda zai iya da'awar tsammanin sirri.<ref name="ag">{{Cite web |title=Maryland Attorney General |url=http://www.oag.state.md.us/Topics/WIRETAP_ACT_ROSENBERG.pdf |access-date=January 25, 2014 |website=www.oag.state.md.us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903193652/http://www.oag.state.md.us/Topics/WIRETAP_ACT_ROSENBERG.pdf |archive-date=September 3, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga watan Satumba, a shekarar 2010, an sauke tuhumar aikata laifuka a kan Graber. Kotun ta fitar da tuhumar rikodin ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba" a kan dalilin cewa dokar ba ta dace da kundin tsarin mulki ba, tana mai lura da cewa an kare bidiyon abubuwan da suka faru a cikin jama'a a ƙarƙashin Kwaskwarimar Farko".<ref name="dismissal" />Alkalin ya yanke hukuncin cewa dokar waya ta Maryland ba ta hana yin rikodin murya ko sauti a wuraren da ba za a iya sa ran sirri ba kuma cewa jami'in 'yan sanda a tashar zirga-zirga ba shi da tsammanin doka na sirri.<ref name="dismissal" /> Gabaɗaya, Alkalin Kotun Gundumar Harford County Emory A Plitt Jr. ya kori huɗu daga cikin tuhume-tuhume bakwai da aka gabatar a kan Anthony Graber, ya bar kawai keta dokar zirga-zirga. {{Blockquote|Those of us who are public officials and are entrusted with the power of the state are ultimately accountable to the public. When we exercise that power in public fora, we should not expect our actions to be shielded from public observation.|Judge Emory A. Plitt, Jr.|Maryland v. Graber}} == Manazarta == pe8wb2fdam99nrnhtppkwed8rl1iif9 0 177458 967944 959295 2026-10-15T19:01:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mohammad Farooq Shah'''{{Efn|{{Langx|ur|محمد فاروق شاہ}}}} (1944-1990) wanda aka fi sani da '''Mirwaiz Moulvi Farooq,''' sanannen shugaban addinin Indiya ne kuma ɗan siyasa. A matsayinsa na [[Mirwaiz]] na [[Kashmir]], ya yi aiki a matsayin babban malamin Jamia Masjid na tarihi a Srinagar, kuma ya jagoranci All Jammu and Kashmir Awami Action Committee (ACC), hadin gwiwar jam'iyyun siyasa a [[Jammu da Kashmir]] waɗanda suka nemi warware [[Rikicin Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Mary Anne |date=1983-06-10 |title=Strategic Kashmir is divided by conflicting loyalties |url=http://m.csmonitor.com/1983/0610/061054.html |access-date=2017-04-17 |website=The Christian Science Monitor}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BAZAZ |first=BHUSHAN |title=My memories with the man |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/gk-magazine/my-memories-with-the-man |access-date=2022-01-02 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Moulvi farooq a ranar 21 ga Disamba 1944 (27th [[Hijri era|AH]]" id="mwIw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dhu al-Hijjah">Dhu al-Hijjah 1363 AH) a Srinagar . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Shams |first=M.S. Rehman |date=2025-01-08 |title=Remembering the Mirwaiz—a Life Committed to Islam and Kashmir |url=https://kashmirnewsline.net/remembering-the-mirwaiz-a-life-committed-to-islam-and-kashmir/ |access-date=2025-10-25 |website=Kashmir Newsline |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kasance daga cikin dangin malamai masu tasiri waɗanda ke riƙe da taken gargajiya na [[Mirwaiz|Mirwaiz na Kashmir]] . Ya sami ilimin farko a gida kuma daga baya ya shiga Islamia da Kwalejin Gabas, yana karatun tauhidin, Islama da [[Larabci|Harshen Larabci]] da adabi. == Matsayin addini da na limami == A shekara ta 1968, bayan mutuwar kawunsa, [[Mirwaiz Yusuf Shah]], ya gaji matsayin [[Mirwaiz|Mirwaiz na Kashmir]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-05-21 |title=Who was Mirwaiz Moulvi Farooq? |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/op-ed/who-was-mirwaiz-moulvi-farooq/ |access-date=2025-10-25 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinsa na babban mai wa'azi na Jamia Masjid na tarihi a Srinagar, ya gabatar da laccoci kuma ya gudanar da ikon addini a [[Kwarin Kashmir]]. == Yunkurin siyasa da jagoranci == A lokacin da yake da shekaru 19, Shah ya fito a matsayin jagora a lokacin tashin hankali game da bacewar kayan tarihi daga Hazratbal Shrine . Ya jagoranci zanga-zangar neman dawo da ita kuma ya taimaka wajen gano All Jammu and Kashmir Awami Action Committee (ACC), hadin gwiwar jam'iyyun siyasa a Kashmir, ya zama shugabanta.[1] Kodayake da farko mutum ne na addini, rawar da ya taka ta fadada cikin tarurruka na zamantakewa da siyasa, musamman wakiltar sassan Musulmai na Kashmiri a waje da manyan jam'iyyun yanki.<ref name=":1" /> == Kashewa da sakamakonsa == A ranar 21 ga Mayu 1990, 'yan bindiga sun harbe Shah a gidansa a Nigeen, Srinagar . An tura shi zuwa SKIMS, Soura, inda aka ayyana ya mutu.<ref name=":0" /> Bikin jana'izarsa ya ratsa yankin Hawal na Srinagar, inda aka harbe harbe-harbe a kan masu makoki, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula da yawa; an sauke jikinsa a tsakiyar hanya, wani taron da aka sani da Kisan kiyashi na Hawal. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-22 |title=The Mirwaiz's killing, and why it was a watershed moment for J&K |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-mirwaizs-killing-and-why-it-was-a-watershed-moment-for-jk-8620315/ |access-date=2025-10-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-21 |title=Hawal Massacre - Daily Parliament Times |url=https://www.dailyparliamenttimes.com/2018/05/21/hawal-massacre/ |access-date=2025-10-25 |language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=migrator |date=2018-05-20 |title=Hawal massacre: When forces blocked all roads and dead were ferried on handcarts |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/kashmir/hawal-massacre-when-forces-blocked-all-roads-and-dead-were-ferried-on-handcarts/ |access-date=2025-10-25 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Mir Basit |date=2019-05-21 |title=Hawal Massacre turns 29: 'Can't forget the expressions on the faces of the fallen' {{!}} Free Press Kashmir |url=https://freepresskashmir.news/2019/05/21/hawal-massacre-turns-29-cant-forget-the-expressions-on-the-faces-of-the-fallen/ |access-date=2025-10-25 |website=freepresskashmir.news |language=en-GB}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an yanke wa wani mai fafutuka na Hizbul Mujahideen hukunci saboda kisan da ya yi, kuma a cikin 2023, 'yan sanda sun kama wasu' yan ta'adda biyu dangane da kisan. A cikin wani taron manema labarai, 'yan sanda sun ce mayakan da aka kama sun hada da wanda ya shiga cikin ɗakin kwana na Mirwaiz kuma ya bude masa wuta. == Dubi kuma == * [[Jama Masjid, Srinagar|Jamia Masjid, Srinagar]] * Taron Dukkanin Jam'iyyun Hurriyat == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] m0rhpwto4849vs191hbokf4xbwachy1 0 177505 967915 963480 2026-10-15T17:59:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mind Sports Olympiad''' ('''MSO''') gasa ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ake gudanarwa kowace shekara, wadda ta ƙunshi wasanni da dama, tare da bukin wasannin dabarun tunani da wasannin kwakwalwa, wanda Mind Sports Organisation ke shiryawa. An gudanar da gasar farko a shekarar 1997 a London, tare da kuɗin kyaututtuka na fam £100,000<ref name="times97">''Mind Sports Olympiad Supplement'', The Times, 11 August 1997, online version available from studiogiochi MSO archives [http://www.studiogiochi.com/en/p/MSO1997.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828204502/http://www.studiogiochi.com/en/p/MSO1997.html|date=28 August 2012}}</ref> kuma an bayyana ta a matsayin wataƙila babbar bukin wasanni da aka taɓa gudanarwa.<ref name="ind_wh"/> MSO ita ce gasa ta farko irin wannan,<ref>''Mind Sports Olympiad'', The Manila Standard, 17 August 1997, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cZVOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=HgsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6230,1667558&dq=mind-sports-olympiad&hl=en] retrieved 16 July 2012</ref> wadda ke bikin dabarun tunani da bayar da lambobin yabo na zinariya, azurfa da tagulla ga kowace gasa.<ref name="times_mso1">''The Mind Sports Olympiad Supplement'', The Times, July - August 1997</ref> Ta kuma yi tasiri sosai kan harkokin wasannin tunani da gasa irin waɗanda aka ci gaba da gudanarwa daga baya. Ana gudanar da babban gasar MSO a kowace shekara a Ingila.<ref name="potters"/><ref name="toronto_star">''Underwater chess is one of the mind games at the Mind Sports Olympiad'', The Toronto Star, Josh Tapper, 12 June 2012 [https://www.thestar.com/sports/london2012/article/1210101--underwater-chess-is-one-of-the-mind-games-at-mind-sports-olympiad] retrieved 12 July 2012</ref> A shekarar 2020, saboda annobar COVID-19, an gudanar da dukkan gasar MSO ta yanar gizo a karon farko.<ref name="msoworld.com">{{Cite web|title=Mind Sports Olympiad is coming soon|url=https://msoworld.com/2020/05/mso-2020-to-proceed-online-in-august/|access-date=2021-10-29|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211033451/https://msoworld.com/2020/05/mso-2020-to-proceed-online-in-august/|archive-date=2022-02-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tarihi== An gudanar da gasar Mind Sports Olympiad ta farko a Royal Festival Hall da ke London a shekarar 1997. Ta haɗa wasannin dabaru da gasa iri-iri da ba a taɓa ganin irinsu a baya ba. William Hartston, a jaridar The Independent, ya ce, "Ita ce babbar bukin wasanni da aka taɓa gudanarwa a waɗannan yankuna (ko wataƙila a ko'ina)."<ref name="ind_wh">William Hartston, [https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/the-south-bank-brain-show-1256991.html The South Bank Brain Show], ''The Independent'' 21 June 1997. Retrieved 2 August 2009</ref> MSO ta farko, tare da gabatar da wasanni masu yawa, ta ƙirƙiri sabbin gasa guda biyu, wato Pentamind da Decamentathlon. Waɗannan gasa biyu an tsara su ne domin su yi kama da wasannin da ake haɗawa a gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta modern pentathlon da decathlon. Wannan wani ɓangare ne na burin ƙirƙirar gasar Olympics ta kwakwalwa. Mind Sports Olympiad ta koma London tare da samun tallafi a shekarun 1998<ref>''Sheehan on Bridge'', The Times, Robert Sheehan, 20 October 1998</ref> da 1999.<ref>''Games: Bridge'', The Independent, Alan Hiron, 5 December 1999, [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/games-bridge-1130510.html] Retrieved 2 August 2009</ref> Duk da rashin jituwa tsakanin masu shirya gasar,<ref>''Britain's Mind Games end in debt and tears'', The Independent, Robert Mendick, 13 March 2001, [https://web.archive.org/web/20010519175349/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/story.jsp?story=71910]. Retrieved 10. September 2016</ref> an gudanar da gasa mai nasara a Alexandra Palace a shekara ta gaba, wato 2000.<ref name="alex">''Fierce rivalry in 'Olympics' for brainboxes'', CNN, Paul Sussman, 24 August 2000 {{Cite web| url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/08/23/mind.olympiad/index.html | title=Fierce rivalry in 'Olympics' for brainboxes | date=2000-08-24 | access-date=2 August 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628014250/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/08/23/mind.olympiad/index.html | archive-date=28 June 2013}} retrieved 16 July 2012</ref> A wannan lokaci, an gudanar da wasu ƙananan gasa a sassa daban-daban na duniya da suka yi amfani da sunan Mind Sports Olympiad. An gudanar da irin waɗannan gasanni a Cambridge, Ingila;<ref>''Uganda: Kampala Wins Gold'', AllAfrica.com, Norman Katende, 10 May 2002 [http://allafrica.com/stories/200205100267.html] retrieved 16 July 2012</ref> Singapore;<ref>MSO (Singapore) 2000 opening speech archived by Ministry of Education (Singapore), [http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/speeches/2000/sp06092000.htm] retrieved 16 July 2012</ref> Seoul, Koriya ta Kudu;<ref>{{cite web| title=MSO Korean Contest Will be Held on July 22| work=Korea JoongAng Daily| date=14 July 1999| url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=1872372| access-date=27 June 2014| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804073323/http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=1872372| archive-date=4 August 2024 }} retrieved 16 July 2012</ref> Milan, Italiya;<ref>Shogi results for MSO Italy 2000 [http://www.shogi.net/ital-champ/AIS-champ2-2000.html from shogi.net] retrieved 16 July 2012</ref> Oulu, Finland;<ref>Mind Sports Festival announcement [http://www.chessbanter.com/rec-games-chess-misc-chess/6807-mind-sports-festival-oulu-2003-a.html from chessbanter.com] retrieved 16 July 2012</ref> da Prague, Jamhuriyar Czech.<ref>''Looking Forward To The Mind Sports Olympiad'', Radio Praha, 17 September 2006, Jan Velinger, {{cite web |url=http://new.radio.cz/en/article/83223 |title=Radio Prague - Looking forward to the Mind Sports Olympiad |access-date=5 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archve.today/20120716105221/http://new.radio.cz/en/article/83223 |archive-date=16 July 2012 }} retrieved 2 August 2009</ref> Babban taron Mind Sports Olympiad ya ci gaba da gudana tare da ƙarancin tallafi, kuma ana gudanar da gasa a jami'o'i daban-daban. Gasar ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin yanayi mai kyau daga shekarar 2001 zuwa 2006.<ref name="ward">''Cerebral Athletes Play Mind Games'', The Guardian, David Ward, 22 August 2005, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/aug/22/davidward] retrieved 2 August 2009</ref> Babban taron shekarar 2004 ya ƙunshi wata gasa ta musamman ga makarantu, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin dara, Go, tambayoyi da wasannin gwajin basirar tunani. Amma a shekarar 2007, an rage girman Mind Sports Olympiad zuwa ƙaramin wuri a Potters Bar saboda rashin tallafi da kuma rashin tallan gasar.<ref name="potters">''This time it's Personal'', The Guardian, Stephen Moss, 27 August 2007, [https://www.theguardian.com/g2/story/0,,2156846,00.html] retrieved 12 July 2012</ref> A shekarar 2008, MSO ta sake farfaɗowa, inda ta koma wani wuri a tsakiyar London, wato Royal Horticultural Halls da ke Westminster, sannan aka sake gudanar da ita daga 21 zuwa 31 ga Agusta 2009.<ref name="venue2009">''Cheam Man's Mind Bending Puzzles at Mental Olympiad'', Sutton Guardian, Kevin Barnesm, 28 August 2009, [http://www.suttonguardian.co.uk/news/4568630.Cheam_man_s_mind_bending_puzzles_at_mental_olympiad/] retrieved 30 April 2011</ref> An gudanar da gasar shekarar 2010 a Soho Theatre da ke London.<ref name="jc" /> A shekarar 2011, Mind Sports Olympiad ta koma wani babban wuri, wato University of London Union.<ref name="venue_summary">''Mind Sports Olympiad moves to bigger venue'', DigitalJournal.com, Alexander Baron, 3 May 2011, [http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/306296] retrieved 15 July 2012</ref> An sake gudanar da MSO ta 16 a University of London Union daga 18 zuwa 27 ga Agusta 2012, haka kuma MSO ta 17 ta gudana a ULU.<ref name="toronto_star" /> Babban taron MSO<ref name="toronto_star" /> yana ci gaba da kasancewa gasa mai jan hankalin masu fafatawa daga ƙasashe daban-daban,<ref>''MSO XV Pentamind'' article from [http://www.boardability.com/article.php?id=10 MSO website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722015047/http://www.boardability.com/article.php?id=10 |date=22 July 2012 }} retrieved 12 July 2012</ref> saboda ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin babbar gasa ga waɗanda suka ƙware a wasanni daban-daban. Wannan ya fi bayyana a gasar "Pentamind World Championship" wadda ake matuƙar sha'awa,<ref name="toronto_star" /> wadda Paco Garcia De La Banda daga Spain ya lashe a shekarar 2010.<ref name="banda">''Paco Garcia De La Banda wins the Mind Sports Olympiad XIV'' (translated from Spanish), elapuron.com, 11 September 2012, [https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=es&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http://www.elapuron.com/noticias/sociedad/3431/paco-garca-de-la-banda-triunfa-en-las-xiv-olimpiadas-de-deportes-mentales/] retrieved 16 July 2012</ref> Andres Kuusk daga Estonia ya lashe gasar Pentamind ta duniya a shekarun 2011, 2013, 2014 da 2016.<ref name="kuusk">''Estonian Mind Athlete Wins World Championship'', ERR News, Ingrid Teesalu, 30 August 2011, [http://news.err.ee/sports/cced719d-60db-4aa9-a795-a8cc02fe202f] retrieved 6 September 2011</ref> ===Tsarin ƙungiyar=== {{main|Mind Sports Organisation}} Lokacin da aka kafa MSO a shekarar 1997, manyan masu shirya ta sun haɗa da David Levy, Tony Buzan da Raymond Keene,<ref name="times97" /> inda David Levy shi ne wanda ya fara ƙirƙirar tunanin kafa MSO.<ref name="TES">''Don's diary: games and gold medals in Mind'', Times Higher Education, 17 October 2003, David Levy [http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=184239&sectioncode=26] retrieved 14 July 2012</ref> A shekarar 2012, kwamitin da ke gudanar da MSO tare da David Levy<ref name="jc">''Scrabble, Monopoly and more at shul games fest'', The Jewish Chronicle, Robyn Rosen, 26 August 2010,[https://web.archive.org/web/20100829140325/http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/37303/scrabble-monopoly-and-more-shul-games-fest] retrieved 14 July 2012</ref> ya ƙunshi Tony Corfe<ref name="BBC2005">''Mind games tournament under way'', BBC Manchester, 19 August 2005, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/manchester/4167626.stm]</ref> da Etan Ilfeld.<ref name="jc" /> ===Tambari, lambobin yabo da kyaututtuka=== [[File:Exekias,_anfora_con_achille_e_aiace_che_giocano_a_dai,_castore_e_polluce,_da_vulci,_540-30_ac_ca._03.JPG|thumb|Wani zane daga tsohuwar Girka wanda ya zama tushen ƙirƙirar tambarin MSO, yana nuna Ajax da Achilles suna wasan da ake kyautata zaton Five Lines ne]] Tambarin gasar Olympics ɗin ya nuna Ajax yana wasa da Achilles, kuma an yi amfani da shi a kan lambobin yabo da kyaututtuka.<ref name="sunday_times">''Brain Spotting'', The Sunday Times, Richard Johnson, [http://www.rjsj.demon.co.uk/articles/suntimes/brain.htm online copy from author's website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305045003/http://www.rjsj.demon.co.uk/articles/suntimes/brain.htm |date=2016-03-05 }} retrieved 14 July 2012</ref><ref name="ranks">[http://www.boardability.com/article.php?id=ranks MSO article on ranks and medals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410010304/http://www.boardability.com/article.php?id=ranks |date=2016-04-10 }} including image of medals with logo retrieved 12 July 2012</ref> An samo asalin tambarin daga shahararren zanen da aka samu a kan kayayyakin tukwane sama da 150 na zamanin da, waɗanda aka ƙera kusan shekara ta 500 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (BC).<ref>''Exekias'', American Journal of Archaeology, John Boardman, 1980, [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/503793?uid=3738032&uid=2&uid=4&sid=56308832453]</ref> Wataƙila an samo zanen ne daga wani kayan tarihi da ke British Museum<ref>Etruscan Amphora from The British Museum Collections, [https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx?objectid=400038&partid=1&IdNum=1851%2c0806.15&orig=%2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database%2fmuseum_number_search.aspx]</ref> ko kuma tarin kayan tarihi na Vatican Museum.<ref>Image of amphora from Vatican Museum from Encyclopædia Britannica [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/123724/Amphora-with-Ajax-and-Achilles-playing-a-board-game-painted]</ref> Baya ga bayar da taken zakarun Olympiad da na zakarun duniya, tun farko masu shirya MSO sun yi tunanin samar da nasu tsarin ƙididdigar maki da matakan cancanta, amma ba duk waɗannan tsare-tsaren ne aka aiwatar ba. MSO na ci gaba da bayar da matakan cancanta har zuwa International Grandmaster.<ref name="ranks" /> ==Buga-buga da wuraren gudanar da gasar== [[File:Mind Sports Olympiad, 17-08-2014.jpg|thumb|'Yan wasa a gasar Mind Sports Olympiad ta shekarar 2014]] An gudanar da babban taron Mind Sports Olympiad a manyan wurare a cikin shekaru huɗu na farko, kafin a rage girmansa saboda matsalolin kuɗi.<ref name="venue_summary" /> Ana gudanar da shi kowace shekara tun daga 1997 a wurare daban-daban a Ingila: {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Lamba !! Shekara !! Wurin gudanarwa !! Birni !! Manazarta |- | 1 || 1997 || Royal Festival Hall || London || <ref name="times_mso1" /> |- | 2 || 1998 || Novotel Hotel || Hammersmith || <ref>''Independent Pursuits: Chess'', The Independent, 3 September 1998, Jon Speelman, [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/independent-pursuits-chess-1195762.html] retrieved 31 July 2009</ref> |- | 3 || 1999 || Kensington Olympia || London || <ref>Robert Nurden. [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/mental-athletes-tune-up-for-mind-games-1114330.html ''Mental athletes tune up for Mind Games''], 22 August 1999. Retrieved 2 August 2009</ref> |- | 4 || 2000 || Alexandra Palace || London || <ref name="alex" /> |- | 5 || 2001 || South Bank University || London || <ref name="venue2001">{{cite news |last=Speelman |first=Jon |title=Chess |work=The Independent |date=29 August 2001 |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-5193764.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518195058/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-5193764.html |archive-date=May 18, 2013 |access-date=15 July 2012 |via=HighBeam Research |url-access=subscription |location=London, England |url-status=usurped}}</ref> |- | 6 || 2002 || Loughborough University || Loughborough || <ref name="venue_summary" /> |- | 7 || 2003 || UMIST || Manchester || <ref name="TES" /> |- | 8 || 2004 || UMIST || Manchester || <ref name="nytimes2004">''Meanwhile: Tired already? Try the Mind Olympics'', The New York Times, Michael Johnson, 13 August 2004, [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/13/opinion/13iht-edjohnson_ed3_.html] retrieved 18 July 2012</ref> |- | 9 || 2005 || Manchester University || Manchester || <ref name="venue2005">Mind games tournament under way, BBC Manchester, 19 August 2005 [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/manchester/4167626.stm] Retrieved 30 April 2011</ref><ref name="man_council">''Manchester Hosts 9th Mind Sports Olympiad'', Manchester City Council News, 2 August 2005, [http://www.manchester.gov.uk/news/article/612/manchester_hosts_9th_mind_sports_olympiad] retrieved 18 July 2012</ref> |- | 10 || 2006 || Westminster University || London || <ref name="venue2006">Archived poster from British Go Association MSO event 2006 [http://www.britgo.org/importfiles/tournaments/2006/MSO10go.pdf] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} retrieved 15 July 2012</ref> |- | 11 || 2007 || United Reformed Church || Potters Bar || <ref name="potters" /> |- | 12 || 2008 || Royal Horticultural Halls || London || <ref name="venue2008">MSO Backgammon results from uk backgammon site [http://www.backgammon-biba.co.uk/MSO2008.htm] retrieved 15 July 2012</ref> |- | 13 || 2009 || Royal Horticultural Halls || London || <ref name="venue2009" /> |- | 14 || 2010 || Soho Theatre || London || <ref name="jc" /> |- | 15 || 2011 || University of London Union || London || <ref name="venue11">''Mind Sports Olympiad'', Time Out London Magazine, August 2011, [http://www.timeout.com/london/around-town/event/230769/mind-sports-olympiad] retrieved 15 July 2012</ref> |- | 16 || 2012 || University of London Union || London || <ref name="toronto_star" /> |- | 17 || 2013 || University of London Union || London || |- | 18 || 2014 || JW3 || London || |- | 19 || 2015 || JW3 || London || |- | 20 || 2016 || JW3 || London || |- | 21 || 2017 || JW3 || London || |- | 22 || 2018 || JW3 || London || |- | 23 || 2019 || JW3 || London || |- | 24 || 2020 || An gudanar da ita ta yanar gizo || || |- | 25 || 2021 || An gudanar da ita ta yanar gizo || || |- | 26 || 2022 || JW3 || London || |- | 27 || 2023 || JW3 || London || |- | 28 || 2024 || JW3 || London || |- | 29 || 2025 || JW3 || London || |} ==Wasannin da ake gudanarwa a MSO== MSO ta ƙunshi galibin gasa ta wasanni daban-daban, waɗanda mafi yawansu ake bayar da taken zakaran Olympiad. Sai dai wasu wasannin da aka yi wa rijistar alamar kasuwanci, masu tsara wasannin da masu wallafa su ne ke ba da izinin gudanar da gasannin zakarun duniya na hukuma. Ana iya ƙirga dukkan wasanni, ko na Olympiad ne ko na gasar zakarun duniya ta hukuma, a gasar Pentamind. Ana bayar da lambobin yabo, kuma a shekarun baya-bayan nan an fara bayar da kofuna, ga waɗanda suka zo na farko, na biyu da na uku a kowace gasa. Haka kuma ana bayar da matakan cancanta da irin waɗannan kyaututtuka ga ƙananan 'yan wasa da suka zo kan gaba a kowace gasa. A farkon gasannin Olympiad, tallafi ya ba da damar bayar da manyan kyaututtukan kuɗi a wasanni da dama. A shekarun baya-bayan nan, an takaita irin waɗannan kyaututtuka ga wasu ƙananan wasanni, galibi sakamakon tallafi na musamman daga wasu ƙungiyoyi ko mutane ga waɗannan wasannin. Wasannin da suka shahara sun haɗa da (yawancin sauran manazarta sun ambaci wasu daga cikinsu):<ref>List of games, http://www.boardability.com/games_az.html. Retrieved 2 August 2009</ref> wasannin da aka sani sosai kamar: dara, bridge, draughts, shogi, backgammon, dara ta Sin (xiangqi), Othello, poker, cribbage da ''Mastermind''; da kuma sabbin wasanni da dama kamar: ''Abalone'', Bōku, Continuo, ''Entropy'', Kamisado,<ref>Op-Ed: Mind Sports Olympiad 2011 - with chess diving, Digital Journal, 23 August 2011, Alexander Baron, http://digitaljournal.com/article/310713. Retrieved 6 September 2011. 2026-05-21 not retrievable.</ref> Lines of Action (LOA), Octi,<ref>2019 Mind Sports Olympiad Schedule, https://mindsportsolympiad.com/2019-mind-sports-olympiad-schedule/</ref> Pacru,<ref name="pacru">Mike's test for the old grey matter, Manchester Evening News, Patricia Roberts, 8 December 2005 [http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/business/s/190/190584_mikes_test_for_the_old_grey_matter.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112180857/http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/business/s/190/190584_mikes_test_for_the_old_grey_matter.html |date=2012-11-12 }}</ref> da TwixT. {{legend inline|white|Gasa da ake gudanarwa a yanzu}}&nbsp; {{legend inline|#D3D3D3|Gasar da ba a sake gudanarwa}} {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |+ Gasannin da aka haɗa a MSO daga 1997 zuwa 2015<ref name="mso_results">{{cite web |title=The Full Results of all the MSO Tournaments |url=http://www.boardability.com/all_results.php |website=Boardability.com |access-date=22 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103000426/http://www.boardability.com/all_results.php |archive-date=3 January 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> |- ! Gasa !! Nau'in wasa !! Shekaru |- || 7 Wonders || || 2014– |- || Abalone || || 1997– |- || Acquire || || 2000– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Age of Steam|| || 2003–2005 |- || Agricola|| || 2014– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Alfred's Wyke|| || 2009 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Azacru|| || 2006–2012 |- |rowspan="2"| Backgammon || || 1997– |- |Blitz || 2003– |- || Blokus|| || 2009– |- || Bōku || || 2000–2008; 2010 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Borderline|| || 2000–2001 |- | rowspan="6"| Bridge || Biyu-biyu || 1997–2005; 2014 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Ƙungiyoyi || 1997–2005 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Swiss Pairs || 1997–2005 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Swiss Teams || 1997–2005 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Minibridge || 1998–2000 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Na mutum ɗaya || 2013 |- || Carcassonne || || 2004–2008; 2012– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Chaos and Order|| || 2009 |- | rowspan="9"| Chess || || 1997– |- || Blitz || 1997–2009; 2012– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Rapid || 1997–2006; 2008–2009 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Warware matsalolin dara || 1997–1999; 2004 |- || Fischer Time|| 1999; 2001–2006; 2008 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Fischer Blitz|| 1999 |- || Chess960 || 2010– |- || Exchange || 2010– |- || Diving || 2011– |- || Cities and Knights || || 2015– |- || Coal Baron || || 2015– |- || Shirye-shiryen kwamfuta || || 1997; 2013– |- || Continuo || || 1997– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Countdown || || 1999–2000 |- || Tunani mai ƙirƙira || || 1997– |- |rowspan="2"| Cribbage || || 1998; 2000–2001; 2003– |- || Biyu-biyu || 1999; 2001–2009 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Cuttle || || 2009 |- || Decamentathlon || || 1997– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Dicewords|| || 2008 |- |rowspan="3"| Diplomacy || || 1999– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Escalation || 2008 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Intimate || 2001; 2004–2007 |- |rowspan="2"| Dominoes || 5s and 3s || 2000–2002; 2004– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|5s and 3s Pairs || 1999–2001; 2003 |- || Dominion|| || 2012– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Dots and Boxes || || 2009 |- | rowspan="12" | Draughts || 8x8 || 1997–2011 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|8x8 Blitz|| 1999 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|8x8 Rapid|| 1997–1998; 2007 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| 10x10 || 1997–2005; 2011 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| 10x10 Blitz|| 1999 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|10x10 Rapid|| 1997–1998 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Czech Dama || 2009 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Dama || 2000; 2011 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Frisian|| 2007–2010 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Hexdame|| 1998–2008 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Italian|| 2003–2005 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Losing || 2002–2005; 2010–2012 |- || Entropy || || 1997– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Gin Rummy || || 1997 |-| | style="background: #D3D3D3;", rowspan="2" | GIPF || || 1999–2001 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Warware matsaloli || 1999 |- |rowspan="6" | Go || 19x19 || 1997– |- ||9x9|| 1997–2000; 2014 |- ||13x13|| 1997–2001; 2003–2004; 2007– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Rapid || 1999; 2001; 2003–2007 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Lightning || 2000–2001; 2003–2004 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Pair || 2000–2001; 2003 |- |rowspan="2" | Gomoku || || 2012– |- || Renju|| 2013– |- || Hare and Tortoise || || 1997; 2007– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Hexago|| || 2007 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Intelligence || || 1997–2004 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Jigsaw || || 1997 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Kaluki|| || 2014 |- || Kamisado || || 2011– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Lecardo || || 2008 |- || Lines of Action || || 1997– |- || Lost Cities || || 2001– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Magic: The Gathering || || 1997–1998 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Mahjong || || 1997; 2007–2008; 2010 |- || Mastermind || || 1997– |- || Ƙwaƙwalwa || || 1997–2004; 2014– |- || Mensa Connections || || 2006– |- || Lissafin tunani || || 1997– |- || Mind Mapping || || 1998–2004 |- || Monopoly || || 2007– |- || Nubble || || 2001– |- |rowspan="3"| Othello || || 1997- |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Blitz || 1998–2005 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| 10x10 Rapid || 2000–2005 |- || Oware || || 1997–2000; 2003– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Pacru || || 2003–2012 |- || Pentamind || || 1997– |- |rowspan="12"| Poker || || 1998– |- || 5 Card Draw || 1998– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| 5 Card Draw Lowball || 1999 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| 6 Card Lowball || 1998 |- || 7 Card Stud || 1998– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Canadian Stud || 1999–2013 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| London Lowball || 2000–2001; 2003– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Mexican Stud || 2003–2009 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Omaha || 1998–2000; 2003– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Pineapple Hold'em|| 2003–2013; 2015 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Razz || 1999 |- ||Texas Hold'em || 1998– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Powergrid || || 2008–2009 |- || Puerto Rico || || 2003–2005; 2015 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Tsara wasanin kacici-kacici || || 1998 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Warware kacici-kacici || || 1998 |- || Tambayoyi || || 1998–2001; 2003; 2013– |- || Quoridor || || 2014– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Retsami || || 2009–2010 |- || Rummikub || || 1997–2000; 2003– |- || Scrabble || || 1997– |- || Settlers of Catan || || 1998– |- || Shacru || || 2007–2012; 2015 |- |rowspan="5"| Shogi || || 1997–2003; 2012; 2014– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Blitz || 2000 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Rapid || 1997–1998 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Chu|| 2001 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Tori || 2001 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Skat || || 1997–2004; 2006 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Snatch|| || 2003–2004 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Karatun sauri || || 1997–2001; 2003–2005 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Spread Bet || || 1998 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;", rowspan="4"| Stratego || || 1997–2000; 2005–2014 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Duel|| 2014 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Ƙungiyoyi || 1998–2000; 2005–2007 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Barrage || 2000; 2005–2008; 2013 |- || Sudoku and Kenken|| || 2011– |- || Superfut|| || 2015– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|TAMSK || || 2000–2001 |- || Terra Mystica|| || 2015– |- || Tetris || || 2013– |- || Ticket to Ride|| || 2015– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Togyzkumalak|| || 2006 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Trax || || 2001 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Trigames || || 2004 |- || Triolet || || 2005– |- || Twixt || || 1997– |- || vegeTables || || 2014 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Victor Ludorum || || 2005 |- |rowspan="3"| Xiangqi || || 1997–2001; 2003–2004; 2006– |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Ƙungiyoyi || 2000 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Rapid|| 2001; 2003–2004; 2006–2007 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| Zatre || || 1997–2000 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"| ZERTZ || || 2001 |} ==Pentamind== Pentamind wani gasa ce ta musamman wadda ke haɗa wasannin tunani daban-daban, wadda aka shirya domin nuna ƙwararren ɗan wasa mafi iya wasannin tunani iri-iri a duniya. Mutane da dama suna ɗaukar lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Pentamind a matsayin babbar nasarar da ɗan wasa zai iya samu a Mind Sports Olympiad. Wannan na daga cikin wasannin farko da aka gabatar a Mind Sports Olympiad.<ref name="times_mso1"/> An ƙirƙire ta tare da decamentathlon domin samar da gasa ga 'yan wasan da suka ƙware a fannoni daban-daban, kamar yadda Wasannin Olympics suke da decathlon da pentathlon. Ba kamar decamentathlon ba, wanda yake da ƙa'idojin tsayayye (duba wani labari na daban), Pentamind ba ta da tsayayyen tsarin gasar sosai. Ba a yarda a yi amfani da wasannin da ake ganin suna kama da juna sosai ba, kuma galibi ana buƙatar a zaɓi gasa mai tsawon lokaci. Amma ban da waɗannan, ana iya amfani da kowane wasanni guda biyar daga cikin jadawalin gasar. Ana ba da kambun Pentamind ga ɗan wasan da ya samu mafi yawan maki na lamba a tsarin "maki na Pentamind" daga wasanni biyar da suka cancanta. Ana ƙididdige maki ta amfani da wannan dabara: 100 × {{sfrac|''n'' &minus; ''p''|''n'' &minus; 1}}, inda ''n'' yake nufin yawan 'yan wasan da suka shiga gasar, yayin da ''p'' yake nufin matsayin da ɗan wasa ya samu a gasar.<ref name="ward"/> Ana ƙididdige matsayi kafin a yi amfani da ƙa'idojin warware kunnen doki, kuma duk 'yan wasan da suka yi kunnen doki suna raba maki na matsayinsu. Idan 'yan wasan da suka shiga gasa ba su kai 10 ba, ana ninka maki da wani ƙarin ƙima na {{sfrac|''p''|''p'' + 1}}. {{as of|2025}}, Andres Kuusk ya lashe gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Pentamind sau bakwai, wanda shi ne mafi yawan lashe gasar, inda ya zarce Demis Hassabis, wanda ya lashe ta sau biyar, da kuma Ankush Khandelwal, wanda ya lashe ta sau biyar.<ref name=":2012">{{Cite web|url=https://mindsportsolympiad.com/pentamind-world-championship/|title=Pentamind World Championship|website=Mind Sports Olympiad}}</ref> * 2025: {{flagicon|Estonia}} Andres Kuusk<ref name=":2012"/><ref>{{Cite web | title=Andres Kuusk wins seventh Pentamind World Championship - Mind Sports Olympiad | url=https://mindsportsolympiad.com/andres-kuusk-wins-seventh-pentamind-world-championship/ | access-date=2026-07-16 | website=mindsportsolympiad.com}}</ref> * 2024: {{flagicon|Estonia}} Andres Kuusk<ref name="Kuusk">{{cite web|url=https://mindsportsolympiad.com/andres-kuusk-wins-a-record-6th-pentamind/|title=Andres Kuusk Wins a Record 6th Pentamind!|date=28 August 2024|website=Mind Sports Olympiad}}</ref> * 2023: {{flagicon|England}} Ankush Khandelwal * 2022: {{flagicon|Estonia}} Andres Kuusk<ref name="Kuusk"/> * 2021: {{flagicon|Poland}} Maciej Brzeski * 2020: {{flagicon|England}} Ankush Khandelwal * 2019: {{flagicon|England}} Ankush Khandelwal * 2018: {{flagicon|England}} Ankush Khandelwal * 2017: {{flagicon|England}} James Heppell * 2016: {{flagicon|Estonia}} Andres Kuusk<ref name="Kuusk"/> * 2015: {{flagicon|England}} James Heppell * 2014: {{flagicon|Estonia}} Andres Kuusk<ref name="Kuusk"/> * 2013: {{flagicon|Estonia}} Andres Kuusk da {{flagicon|England}} Ankush Khandelwal * 2012: {{flagicon|Italy}} Dario De Toffoli<ref name=":2012"/> * 2011: {{flagicon|Estonia}} Andres Kuusk<ref>{{cite web|url= https://news.err.ee/101223/estonian-mind-athlete-wins-world-championship |title=Estonian Mind Athlete Wins World Championship|first=Ingrid |last=Teesalu|date=30 August 2011|website=ERR News}}</ref> * 2010: {{flagicon|Spain}} Paco Garcia de la Banda<ref>Un proyecto de emprendeduría infantil de La Palma recibe respaldo internacional, Que Newspaper, 13 September 2010 [http://www.que.es/santa-cruz-de-tenerife/201009130939-proyecto-emprendeduria-infantil-palma-recibe-epi.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311101512/http://www.que.es/santa-cruz-de-tenerife/201009130939-proyecto-emprendeduria-infantil-palma-recibe-epi.html|date=11 March 2012}} Retrieved 30 April 2011</ref> * 2009: {{flagicon|England}} Martyn Hamer<ref>Martyn Minds if he holds onto his crown..., Accrington Observer, Stuart Pike, 20 August 2010, [http://menmedia.co.uk/accringtonobserver/news/s/1314478_martyn_minds_if_he_holds_onto_his_crown] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826015507/http://menmedia.co.uk/accringtonobserver/news/s/1314478_martyn_minds_if_he_holds_onto_his_crown |date=2010-08-26 }}. Retrieved 30 April 2010</ref> da {{flagicon|England}} Tim Hebbes * 2008: {{flagicon|England}} David M. Pearce<ref name="resultsto2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.boardability.com/result.php?id=pentamind|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708075057/http://www.boardability.com/result.php?id=pentamind |archivedate=8 July 2011|title=Results for pentamind|website=mindsportsolympiad.com}}</ref> * 2007: {{flagicon|England}} David M. Pearce<ref name="resultsto2010"/> * 2006: {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} Jan Šťastna<ref name="resultsto2010"/> * 2005: {{flagicon|England}} Tim Hebbes<ref name="resultsto2010"/> * 2004: {{flagicon|South Africa}} Alain Dekker<ref name="resultsto2010"/> * 2003: {{flagicon|England}} Demis Hassabis<ref name="resultsto2010"/> * 2002: {{flagicon|Italy}} Dario De Toffoli<ref name="resultsto2010"/> * 2001: {{flagicon|England}} Demis Hassabis<ref name="resultsto2010"/> * 2000: {{flagicon|England}} Demis Hassabis<ref name="resultsto2010"/> * 1999: {{flagicon|England}} Demis Hassabis<ref name="resultsto2010"/> * 1998: {{flagicon|England}} Demis Hassabis<ref name="resultsto2010"/> * 1997: {{flagicon|Wales}} Kenneth J. Wilshire<ref name="ward"/> ==Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Decamentathlon== An fara kafa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta '''Decamentathlon''' a matsayin babbar gasa don tantance ɗan wasan da ya fi ƙwarewa a wasannin tunani iri-iri a duniya, kafin daga baya Pentamind ta maye gurbinta. Decamentathlon ta ƙunshi wasanni 10, inda ake ba kowanne maki daga 100, kuma kowanne yana ɗaukar sa'o'i 4, galibi cikin tsarin rubutattun jarabawa.<ref name="times97" /> Waɗannan ƙwarewar tunani guda takwas sun kasance cikin Decamentathlon tun daga farko: ƙwarewar [[memory skill|haddace abubuwa]], [[mental calculation|lissafin tunani]], [[IQ]], [[chess|catur]], [[Go (board game)|Go]], [[Reversi|Othello]], [[draughts|draughts mai girman allo 8×8]], da [[creative thinking|tunanin kirkira]]. Haka kuma MSO tana shirya Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Lissafin Tunani daban. Ƙwarewar tunani biyu na farko sun kasance [[Contract bridge|bridge]] da [[Mastermind (board game)|Mastermind]],<ref name="times97" /> amma a shekarun baya an sauya su, inda aka yi amfani da [[Backgammon]] sannan kuma mafi kwanan nan aka yi amfani da [[Sudoku]] a madadinsu. ==Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Wasannin Abstract== MSO ta gabatar da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta [[Abstract strategy game|Wasannin Abstract]] a shekarar 2008.<ref name="abstract_games">Article on abstract games world championships, http://www.boardability.com/game.php?abstract_games{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, 15 February 2011</ref> ==Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Poker ga 'Yan Wasan Amateur== An gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko ta poker ga 'yan wasan amateur a shekarar 1998 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Mind Sports Olympiad ta biyu.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/23/magazine/sunday-august-23-1998-competitions-i-think-i-can.html Competitions: I think I can], The New York Times, 23 August 1998. Retrieved 12 July 2012</ref> An soki gasar ta farko saboda matakin wasan da aka nuna<ref>Independent Pursuits: Poker, The Independent, David Spanier, 10 September 1998 [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/independent-pursuits-poker-1197188.html]. Retrieved 12 July 2012</ref> da kuma saboda kebantacciyar hanyar gudanar da gasar, inda ake fafatawa ne domin samun lambobin yabo kawai ba tare da samun kuɗi ba. Sai dai, tun bayan juyin juya halin da [[internet poker|poker ta intanet]] ta haifar, gasar ta ci gaba da bunƙasa tare da ƙaruwa yawan mahalarta.<ref name="ward" /> Haka kuma gasar a buɗe take ga waɗanda shekarunsu ba su kai 18 ba, saboda MSO tana ba da kambun nasara kuma ba a musayar kuɗi a gasar.<ref>Amateur World Poker Championship details MSO website [http://www.boardability.com/tournaments.php#poker] retrieved 12 July 2012</ref> Gasar ta shekarar 2012 ta ƙunshi mafi kyawun sakamako daga wasannin [[pot limit|pot limit]] [[poker tournament|poker]] guda 5 cikin wasanni 7, a cikin nau'o'in [[Poker variants|poker]] masu zuwa:<ref>MSO 2012 timetable http://www.boardability.com/timetable.php. Retrieved 13 July 2012</ref> * [[7 Card Stud]] * [[5 Card Draw]] * [[Canadian Stud]] * [[Pineapple Hold'em]] * [[London Lowball]] * [[Texas Hold'em]] * [[Omaha (poker)]] A baya kuma gasar ta ƙunshi wasu nau'o'in wasannin kamar haka:<ref>MSO Poker http://www.boardability.com/game.php?id=poker {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623162214/http://www.boardability.com/game.php?id=poker |date=23 June 2012 }}. Retrieved 13 July 2012</ref> * [[Heads up poker|Heads Up Texas Hold'em]] * [[Razz (poker)|Razz]] * [[6 Card Lowball]] * [[Mexican Stud]] == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} tsfwgh318vf8l2skppo6oapvjujww5l 0 177563 967961 960295 2026-10-15T19:54:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mollie Ray Carroll''' (8 ga Janairu, 1890 - 1977) masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma ma'aikaciyar sulhu ta Amurka, wacce aka fi sani da littafinta Labor and Politics: The Attitude of the American Federation of Labor Toward Legislation and Politics (1923). == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Carroll a Des Moines, Iowa kuma ta girma a Birnin Chicago, 'yar Alonzo Neighton Carroll da Rachel Pauline Morgan Carroll. Ta sami digiri na farko a 1911 da kuma digiri na biyu a 1915, kuma ta kammala PhD a 1920, duk a Jami'ar Chicago . [1][2] == Ayyuka == Carroll ta kasance babban sakatare na jami'ar YWCA a Lawrence, Kansas a matsayin budurwa. Ta koyar da tattalin arziki a Kwalejin Goucher a cikin shekarun 1920, kuma ta kasance mai shirya Kasuwanci da Kungiyar Mata ta Kwararru a Baltimore. Ta kasance mai aiki a cikin League of Women Voters (LWV) a matakin kasa, kuma ta wakilci LWV a taron kasa da kasa a Berlin a 1929. Ta sami Guggenheim Fellowship a 1927 don nazarin tsarin inshorar rashin aikin yi a Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Simon Guggenheim Foundation {{!}} Mollie Ray Carroll |url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/mollie-ray-carroll/ |access-date=5 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105173111/https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/mollie-ray-carroll/ |archive-date=5 January 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1 April 1925 |title=Mollie Ray Carroll, Labor and Politics, the Attitude of the American Federation of Labor Toward Legislation and Politics |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/2713942 |journal=The Journal of Negro History |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=312–313 |doi=10.2307/2713942 |issn=0022-2992 |jstor=2713942 |url-access=subscription |access-date=5 January 2022 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> A cikin 1930 Carroll ya zama shugaban mazaunin Jami'ar Chicago Settlement, kuma ya koyar da darussan sabis na zamantakewa a Jami'ar Birnin Chicago. A shekara ta 1931 ta yi jawabi a taron jihar na Kungiyar Kasuwanci da Kwararrun Mata ta Iowa . Ta kasance darektan bincike a Ofishin Ilimi na Ma'aikata na Tarayyar Ma'aikata ta Amurka a shekarar 1937. A cikin 1938, an bayyana ta a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki na masana'antu a Ma'aikatar Aiki ta Amurka . == Littattafai == === Littattafai === * Ayyuka da siyasa; halin Tarayyar Ma'aikata ta Amurka game da doka da siyasa (1923) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Labor and politics; the attitude of the American Federation of Labor toward legislation and politics, by Mollie Ray Carroll. |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.30000084030174&view=1up&seq=7&skin=2021 |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=HathiTrust |language=en}}</ref> * ''Muradinmu da Yadda suke gamsu'' (1930) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our wants and how they are satisfied, by Mollie Ray Carroll ... |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b265145&view=1up&seq=7&skin=2021 |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=HathiTrust |language=en}}</ref> * ''Inshorar rashin aikin yi a Jamus'' (1930) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unemployment insurance in Germany, by Mollie Ray Carroll. |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b94882&view=1up&seq=7&skin=2021 |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=HathiTrust |language=en}}</ref> * ''Inshorar rashin aikin yi a Austria'' (1932) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unemployment insurance in Austria |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b94880&view=1up&seq=3&skin=2021 |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=HathiTrust |language=en}}</ref> * ''Ilimi na ma'aikatan Amurka; ma'anarsa, hanyoyinsa, da manufofi'' (1936, tare da Spencer Miller Jr.) <ref>{{Cite web |title=American workers' education; its meaning, methods, and policies, by Mollie Ray Carroll and Spencer Miller, jr. |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015063893450&view=1up&seq=3&skin=2021 |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=HathiTrust |language=en}}</ref> === Labarai === * "Wasu matsaloli a cikin Horar da Ma'aikatan Jama'a" (1923) <ref name="Carroll 452–458">{{Cite journal |last=Carroll |first=Mollie Ray |date=1930-09-01 |title=Amending the German Unemployment Insurance Act |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/630744 |journal=Social Service Review |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=452–458 |doi=10.1086/630744 |issn=0037-7961 |s2cid=154717997 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> * "Mata da ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta duniya" (1924) * "Dokar da Mafi Girma Albashi" (1926) <ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 1926 |title=Legislation and the Minimum Wage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=holLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA29 |journal=The Woman's Journal |volume=10 |pages=29}}</ref> * "Ingantawa na baya-bayan nan a cikin Ƙididdigar Jama'a ta Jamus" (1928) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carroll |first=Mollie Ray |date=1928-12-01 |title=Recent Improvements in German Social Statistics |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1928.10503035 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |volume=23 |issue=164 |pages=386–397 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1928.10503035 |issn=0162-1459 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> * "Shekaru Biyu na Inshorar Rashin Aiki ta Jamus" (1929) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carroll |first=Mollie Ray |date=1929-12-01 |title=Two Years of German Unemployment Insurance |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/630616 |journal=Social Service Review |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=563–568 |doi=10.1086/630616 |issn=0037-7961 |s2cid=153529915 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> * "Inshorar Jama'a ta Yau a Jamus" (1929) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carroll |first=Mollie Ray |date=1929-09-01 |title=Present-Day Social Insurance in Germany |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/2570065 |journal=Social Forces |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=126–134 |doi=10.2307/2570065 |issn=0037-7732 |jstor=2570065 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> * "Gwamma Dokar Inshorar Rashin Rashin Rikici ta Jamus" (1930) <ref name="Carroll 452–458" /> * "Shin Ayyukan Jama'a na Jamus za su tsira?"(1935)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carroll |first=Mollie Ray |date=1935-06-01 |title=Will Germany's Social Services Survive? |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/631643 |journal=Social Service Review |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=329–330 |doi=10.1086/631643 |issn=0037-7961 |s2cid=143732296 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Carroll ta yi alkawari da malamin Kentucky Dilworth R. Lupton a shekarar 1917. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1977. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mollie Ray Carroll (Carroll, Mollie Ray, 1890-1977) |url=https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Carroll,%20Mollie%20Ray,%201890-1977 |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=The Online Books Page}}</ref> == Manazarta == qti5dj240w5samzfv0vptm9tq1e5bad 0 177809 968059 961653 2026-10-16T04:05:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Nyuwar | settlement_type = Community | official_name = Nyuwar | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Gombe State]] | subdivision_type2 = Local Government Area | subdivision_name2 = [[Balanga Local Government Area|Balanga]] | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 761117 / 761123 | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 }} '''Nyuwar''' wata al'umma ce da ke cikin [[Balanga Local Government Area|Ƙaramar Hukumar Balanga]] ta [[Gombe State]], [[Nigeria]]. Nyuwar tana cikin yankin da ke da alaka da al'ummar Longuda, kuma ana samun ƙauyuka da dama a ƙarƙashin yankin Nyuwar. Bayanai kan rarrabuwar yankin sun nuna cewa Nyuwar tana cikin Balanga kuma tana da lambar gidan waya da ta shafi wasu ƙauyukanta. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> A tsarin gudanar da zaɓe na [[Independent National Electoral Commission]] (INEC), Nyuwar tana cikin [[Nyuwar/Jessu]] Registration Area na Balanga Local Government Area. Kundin INEC ya nuna cewa Nyuwar/Jessu ita ce Registration Area mai lamba 08 a Balanga, kuma tana da rumfunan zaɓe 16. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PUDirectory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yankin Nyuwar yana da ƙauyuka da dama. Daga cikin ƙauyukan da aka lissafa ƙarƙashin Nyuwar akwai Chunyi, Gilengitu da Gulnyimora, yayin da wani ɓangare na jerin ƙauyukan Nyuwar ya haɗa Jakure, Pwalali, Tsibo, Tswaku da Unguwan Lilani. Bayanan lambar gidan waya ma sun danganta waɗannan ƙauyuka da yankin Nyuwar na Balanga. <ref>{{cite web |title=Browse Postcode - 761117 |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/761117/ |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Nyuwar tana cikin yankin da harshen [[Longuda language|Longuda]] ke da muhimmiyar alaƙa da shi. Wani bincike kan harsunan Najeriya ya bayyana Nyuwar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da ake samun Lunguda a Gombe State. Binciken ya kuma nuna cewa Gombe State tana da harsuna daban-daban, kuma wasu daga cikin harsunan suna da takamaiman wuraren da suka fi yaduwa. <ref>{{cite web |title=Linguistic Survey of Nigerian Languages |url=https://jolan.com.ng/index.php/home/article/download/45/40 |publisher=Journal of Linguistic Association of Nigeria |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> A cikin binciken harsunan Adamawa, an danganta Nyuwar da wani reshe na Longuda da ake kira '''Gwaanda (Nyuwar)'''. Wannan bayanin yana nuna cewa sunan Nyuwar ba kawai suna ne na wata al'umma ba, har ma yana da muhimmiyar alaƙa da rarrabuwar harshe da al'adun Longuda. <ref>{{cite web |title=Longuda language |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longuda_language |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, Nyuwar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da rikicin al'umma ya shafa a yankin Balanga. Jaridar *The Guardian Nigeria* ta ruwaito cewa an kai hari a Nyuwar da Heme, inda aka kashe mutane tare da kona gidaje da kadarori. Rahoton ya ce lamarin ya jawo matakan tsaro da kuma sanya dokar hana fita a yankin. <ref>{{cite news |title=Death toll rises to 19 in Gombe communal clash |url=https://guardian.ng/news/death-toll-rises-to-19-in-gombe-communal-clash/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=15 April 2021 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Rahoton *Daily Trust* ya kuma bayyana cewa jami'an tsaro sun kama wasu mutane a Nyuwar dangane da rikicin da ya faru tsakanin al'ummomin Lunguda da Waja a yankin Balanga da ke iyakar Gombe da Adamawa. Rahoton ya ce an kama mutanen ne a yayin aikin haɗin gwiwa na jami'an Sojojin Najeriya da 'yan sandan Najeriya. <ref>{{cite news |title=Police arrest 4 people over Lunguda/Waja communal clash |url=https://dailytrust.com/police-arrest-4-people-over-lunguda-waja-communal-clash/ |work=Daily Trust |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Yanayin ƙasa na yankin Nyuwar da Jessu yana da tsaunuka kuma samun hanyoyin mota masu kyau ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙalubalen da aka ruwaito game da yankin. Jaridar *Tribune Online* ta bayyana Nyuwar da Jessu a matsayin yankunan da ke da tudu da tsaunuka, tare da matsalolin hanyoyin sufuri. <ref>{{cite news |title=How assailants killed our people, burned our houses, Gombe villagers recount horror attacks |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/how-assailants-killed-our-people-burned-our-houses-gombe-villagers-recount-horror-attacks/ |work=Tribune Online |date=24 April 2021 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Haka kuma, takardun kasafin kuɗin Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe sun ambaci '''Jessu Health Clinic in Nyuwar Ward, Balanga LGA''' a cikin ayyukan kiwon lafiya da aka ware kuɗin gyarawa. Wannan ya tabbatar da amfani da sunan Nyuwar a matsayin wani yanki na gudanarwa a cikin Balanga Local Government Area. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Government 2022 Approved Budget Summary |url=https://www.gombestate.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/approved-gombe-state-goverment-2022-budget-ncoa.pdf |publisher=Gombe State Government |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251126233455/https://gombestate.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/approved-gombe-state-goverment-2022-budget-ncoa.pdf |archive-date=26 November 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Balanga Local Government Area]] * [[Gombe State]] * [[Longuda language]] * [[Waja people]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3ont1mqk8ur4tuyh00ugwezfsjiuaby 0 177882 968211 961901 2026-10-16T10:39:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Pindiga | settlement_type = Town | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Nigeria | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Gombe State | subdivision_type2 = Local Government Area | subdivision_name2 = Akko | subdivision_type3 = Registration Area | subdivision_name3 = Pindiga | postal_code = 771103 | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 }} '''Pindiga''' gari ne da ke cikin [[Akko (Nigeria)|Akko Local Government Area]] ta [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Haka kuma Pindiga na daga cikin Registration Areas 11 da Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa ([[INEC]]) ta amince da su a Akko LGA, inda aka ba ta lambar '''09'''. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State: RA PVC Collection Centres |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi da tsarin gargajiya == Pindiga tana da muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin gargajiya na yankin Akko, domin ita ce cibiyar [[Pindiga Emirate]]. Rahotannin kafafen yaɗa labarai sun bayyana cewa masarautar Pindiga tana daga cikin masarautun gargajiya na Jihar Gombe, kuma masarautar tana da tarihi mai tsawo a tsarin shugabancin gargajiya na yankin. <ref>{{cite news |title=Dankwambo charges traditional rulers on peace, security |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/dankwambo-charges-traditional-rulers-on-peace-security/ |work=Nigerian Tribune |date=2018 |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2013, gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta sake naɗa Mohammed Seyoji Ahmed a matsayin Sarkin Pindiga bayan an dawo da shi kan gadon sarauta. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa Ahmed ya fara zama shugaban gundumar Pindiga a shekarar 1984, kuma a shekarar 2000 aka ɗaukaka yankin zuwa matsayin masarauta. <ref>{{cite news |title=Dankwambo charges traditional rulers on peace, security |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/dankwambo-charges-traditional-rulers-on-peace-security/ |work=Nigerian Tribune |date=2018 |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> Rahoton Daily Trust ya kuma bayyana cewa an sake naɗa Sarkin Pindiga bayan shawarwarin majalisar masu naɗa sarki, inda aka ambaci gidajen sarauta uku da suka taka rawa a tsarin gadon sarautar Pindiga. Wannan ya nuna muhimmancin tsarin sarauta da majalisar masu naɗa sarki a harkokin gargajiyar Pindiga. <ref>{{cite news |title=Dankwambo reinstates emir deposed by Goje |url=https://dailytrust.com/dankwambo-reinstates-emir-deposed-by-goje/ |work=Daily Trust |date=2013 |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Matsayin gudanarwa == A tsarin zaɓe, Pindiga tana ƙarƙashin Akko LGA ta Jihar Gombe kuma INEC ta ware ta a matsayin Registration Area mai lamba '''09'''. Jerin INEC na Registration Areas na Akko ya nuna Akko, Garko, Kalshingi, Kashere, Kumo Central, Kumo East, Kumo North, Kumo West, Pindiga, Tumu da Tukulma. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State: RA PVC Collection Centres |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin kundin INEC na polling units na Akko LGA, Pindiga tana da lambar Registration Area '''09''' kuma an jera mata **polling units 27** a kundin da aka sabunta a watan Janairun 2015. Wannan adadin yana nufin polling units da aka lissafa a wancan kundin, ba lallai ya zama adadin da ake amfani da shi a duk wani sabon rabon zaɓe ba. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units: Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Muhimmancin Pindiga a Akko == Pindiga na daga cikin manyan wuraren da aka ambata a tsarin gudanarwar Akko LGA. A bayanan zaɓe na ƙasa, an haɗa Pindiga da Kashere da Tumu a cikin Akko West State Constituency, yayin da Akko LGA kanta take da wakilcin tarayya na musamman a tsarin mazabun Gombe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Information Kit for 2015 |url=https://wp1.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2015-INFO-KIT-.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250623061028/https://wp1.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2015-INFO-KIT-.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta kuma sanya Pindiga cikin garuruwan da aka ayyana a matsayin birane a ƙarƙashin wani tsarin dokar amfani da filaye na jihar. Wannan ya nuna cewa Pindiga tana daga cikin wuraren da gwamnatin jihar ta ɗauka a matsayin muhimman cibiyoyin zama da gudanarwa a Akko LGA. <ref>{{cite news |title=Governor Inuwa Yahaya signs Executive Order 4, designates urban areas in Gombe |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/governor-inuwa-yahaya-signs-executive-order-4-designates-urban-areas-in-gombe/ |work=Nigerian Tribune |date=2020 |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Noma da albarkatun ƙasa == Noma na daga cikin muhimman ayyukan tattalin arziki a yankunan karkarar Akko. Rahoton The Guardian da ya shafi shirin noman masara na CBN ya bayyana cewa Pindiga na daga cikin al'ummomin Akko da aka gudanar da ayyukan shirin tallafawa manoman masara a lokacin noman damina da rani. <ref>{{cite news |title=CBN, maize farmers inaugurate loan repayment, dry season cultivation in Gombe |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/cbn-maize-farmers-inaugurate-loan-repayment-dry-season-cultivation-in-gombe/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=22 December 2021 |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> Baya ga noma, Pindiga tana da albarkatun ƙasa da dama. Shirin bunƙasa Jihar Gombe na shekarar 2021–2030 ya jera Pindiga a matsayin wurin da ake samun gypsum, limestone, petroleum, bentonite da wani nau'in ma'adini da aka rubuta a cikin shirin a matsayin “Ventaline”. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Development Plan 2021–2030 |url=https://media.premiumtimesng.com/wp-content/files/2021/12/MAIN-INNER-compressed.pdf |publisher=Gombe State Government |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Ilimi == Pindiga tana da cibiyoyin ilimi da ake amfani da su a yankin. A cikin kasafin kuɗin gwamnatin Jihar Gombe, an ware kuɗaɗe don ayyukan gine-gine a **Government Secondary School Pindiga**, abin da ya nuna kasancewar makarantar sakandare ta gwamnati a garin. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Government 2022 Approved Budget Summary |url=https://www.gombestate.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/approved-gombe-state-goverment-2022-budget-ncoa.pdf |publisher=Gombe State Government |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251126233455/https://gombestate.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/approved-gombe-state-goverment-2022-budget-ncoa.pdf |archive-date=26 November 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hukumar SUBEB ta Jihar Gombe kuma ta gudanar da shirin wayar da kan jama'a kan shigar da yara makaranta a Akko LGA a shekarar 2025/2026, tare da haɗin gwiwar UBEC da UNICEF. Shirin ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin rage yawan yaran da ba sa zuwa makaranta a jihar. <ref>{{cite news |title=Parents risk two-year jail term for failure to enrol children in school – Gombe govt |url=https://guardian.ng/education/parents-risk-two-year-jail-term-for-failure-to-enrol-children-in-school-gombe-govt/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=22 September 2025 |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Zaɓe == INEC ta ware **Pindiga Primary School** a matsayin cibiyar tattara katin zaɓe na dindindin (PVC collection centre) ga Registration Area na Pindiga. Wannan ya sanya makarantar cikin muhimman wuraren jama'a da ake amfani da su wajen ayyukan zaɓe a yankin. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State: RA PVC Collection Centres |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tsaro == A ranar 28 ga Disamba 2025, rahotannin kafafen yaɗa labarai sun ce wasu 'yan bindiga sun kai hari a Pindiga, inda mutane biyu suka mutu sannan aka sace wasu mazauna yankin. Rundunar 'yan sandan Jihar Gombe ta tabbatar da faruwar lamarin, kuma ta ce an ƙarfafa ayyukan bincike da tsaro bayan harin. <ref>{{cite news |title=Bloodshed in Pindiga: Two killed, four kidnapped |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/846197-bloodshed-in-pindiga-two-killed-four-kidnapped.html |work=Premium Times |date=29 December 2025 |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> The Guardian ma ta ruwaito cewa harin ya faru ne da misalin ƙarfe 3:30 na safe a wani gida da ke kan hanyar Pindiga–Kashere, inda aka kashe mutane biyu tare da yin garkuwa da wasu. Rahoton ya danganta bayanan ga Rundunar 'yan sandan Jihar Gombe. <ref>{{cite news |title=Gunmen kill 2 in Gombe, abduct housewife, others |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/metro/gunmen-kill-2-in-gombe-abduct-housewife-others/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=28 December 2025 |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Akko (Nigeria)]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Kumo]] * [[Kashere]] * [[Tumu]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Akko Local Government Area]] [[Category:Wards of Gombe State]] [[Category:Populated places in Gombe State]] [[Category:Cities and towns in Gombe State]] nr12re16vs0c9l3ol01zxg1gkb4ct9f 0 177970 968214 962240 2026-10-16T10:43:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piyau''' ƙauye ne da ke cikin [[Karamar Hukumar Akko]] a [[Jihar Gombe]], a yankin Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Yana cikin [[Pindiga]] District na ƙaramar hukumar Akko. Piyau yana da lambar akwatin wasiƙa (PO Box) ta '''771103'''. == Ilimi == Piyau na da makarantar firamare mai suna '''Piyau Primary School'''. Bayanai kan wuraren kaɗa ƙuri'a a jihar Gombe sun nuna cewa makarantar tana kuma zama wurin gudanar da zaɓe. == Zaɓe da gudanarwa == Piyau yana cikin tsarin gudanarwar zaɓe na ƙaramar hukumar Akko. Kundin wuraren kaɗa ƙuri'a ya nuna wuraren kaɗa ƙuri'a masu suna '''Kalmai West, Piyau Pri. Sch.''' da '''Mai Shanu, Piyau Pri. Sch.''' a yankin Tumu. == Lambar akwatin wasiƙa (PO Box) == Piyau yana da lambar akwatin wasiƙa '''771103''', wadda ta shafi yankin Pindiga na ƙaramar hukumar Akko. == Manazarta == * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State List of villages in Gombe State] — jerin ƙauyuka da mazauna Jihar Gombe. * [https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/771103/ Nigeria Postcode — 771103] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf INEC — Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State] o1wyrfp9sdiav67poouodcywqgddatf 0 178382 967839 963990 2026-10-15T12:51:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Martin Kayongo-Mutumba''' (an haife shi '''Martin Mutumba''', 15 Yuni 1985) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallo na [[Rinkeby United]] . An fi tunawa da shi saboda lokacin da yake tare da AIK, wanda ya lashe Allsvenskan da Svenska Cupen a shekarar 2009. An haife shi a Sweden ga iyayen Uganda, ya wakilci kungiyoyin Sweden U17 da U19 kafin ya fara bugawa Uganda wasa a shekarar 2012. == Ayyuka == === Farkon aiki === Mutumba ya fara aikinsa a Vasalunds IF tun yana ƙarami, kuma a cikin 1999 ya shiga AIK, a matsayin ɗan wasan matasa. A cikin fall of 2002 ya fara fitowa tare da manyan 'yan wasa a kan Kalmar FF, yana wasa minti biyar na karshe na wasan. A shekara ta 2004 AIK ta so Mutumba ya yi wasa tare da FC Cafe Opera, kulob din da zai yi aiki a matsayin kulob din AIK.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2006 |title=AIK FOTBOLL: AIK Fotboll och Väsby United fördjupar samarbete |url=http://www.privataaffarer.se/nyheter/Pressmeddelanden/pressmeddelande.xml?intPressReleaseID=86094 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718145618/http://www.privataaffarer.se/nyheter/Pressmeddelanden/pressmeddelande.xml?intPressReleaseID=86094 |archive-date=18 July 2011 |access-date=25 November 2008 |publisher=Privataaffarer.se}}</ref> Abin takaici, Mutumba ya karya kafa a gasar cikin gida da ya buga tare da wasu abokai kafin kakar ta fara kuma bai taba iya buga kowane wasa ga Café Opera ba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=647&a=209688 |title=Mutumba: "Jag trodde aldrig jag skulle spela igen" |access-date=2026-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402030958/http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=647&a=209688 |archive-date=2012-04-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya bayyana cewa ya rasa sha'awar kwallon kafa kuma "ya fara ratayewa tare da taron da ba daidai ba". Wannan ya sauka da batir da cajin kai hari. Kotun shari'a ta ba shi damar ta biyu kuma ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da kwallon kafa.<ref name="Jag blev en fel människa">{{Cite web |last=Johan Flinck |date=16 April 2009 |title=Jag blev en fel människa |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/sportbladet/fotbollsbladet/sverige/allsvenskan/aik/article4920185.ab |publisher=Aftonbladet.se}}</ref> === Inter Turku === A shekara ta 2005, AIK ta sayar da shi ga kungiyar [[Finland|Finnish]] FC Inter Turku wacce ta taka leda a Premier Division, Veikkausliiga . === Väsby United === Lokacin da kakar Finnish ta ƙare a farkon shekara ta 2007 Mutumba ya gwada wa [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga ta Spain Deportivo de La Coruña, <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Martin Mutumba provspelar för Deportivo |url=http://www.fotbollsverige.se/news_show_martin_mutumba_provspelar_for_deportivo.html?id=230711 |publisher=Fotbollsverige.se}}</ref> tsohuwar kulob dinsa AIK <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Mutumba fortsätter i AIK |url=http://www.svenskafans.com/fotboll/aik/artikel.asp?id=205499 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209214548/https://www.svenskafans.com/fotboll/aik/artikel.asp?id=205499 |archive-date=9 December 2022 |access-date=26 November 2007 |publisher=Svenskafans.com}}</ref> da kungiyar Hibernian ta Scottish Premier League. Mutumba da kansa ya ba da rahoton cewa ya ƙi yarjejeniya daga Deportivo La Coruña, kuma kafofin watsa labarai na Burtaniya sun yi iƙirarin cewa ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar gajeren lokaci tare da Hibernian. A wata hira da aka yi da jaridar Sweden [[Aftonbladet]] ya bayyana cewa yarjejeniyar da Deportivo La Coruña ta fadi saboda matsaloli a madadin wakilin sa, kuma ya bayyana cewa suna magana ne game da Ƙungiyar ci gaba, Fabril, waɗanda ke wasa a cikin ƙungiyar Segunda B ta Spain.<ref>{{Cite web |last=David Tanentsapf |date=13 January 2009 |title=Det var tre år av krig |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/sportbladet/fotboll/allsvenskan/aik/article4172339.ab |publisher=Aftonbladet.se}}</ref> A ƙarshe ya sanya hannu tare da kulob din Superettan FC Väsby United, inda a baya ya kasance a ƙarƙashin kwangila a 2004 lokacin da aka san kulob din da "FC Café Opera". === Komawa zuwa AIK === A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2008 ya sake sanya hannu tare da AIK.<ref>[http://www.aikfotboll.se/Nyheter/Sidor/081118_martinmutumba.aspx Martin Kayongo-Mutumba återvänder till AIK]{{Dead link|date=January 2018}}</ref> Bayan dawowarsa kulob din, ya bayyana cewa yana inda yake so ya kasance kuma ba zai yiwu ya sake komawa kasashen waje ba kuma kuɗin da aka ba shi ba zai zama mai yanke shawara ba. A wasan karshe na kakar 2009 AIK ta doke IFK Göteborg 2-1 a wasan da ya yanke shawara, inda ta yi ikirarin lashe gasar Allsvenskan a karo na farko a cikin shekaru goma sha ɗaya. A cikin minti na 55, Mutumba ya ba da taimako ga abokin aikinsa Antônio Flávio, wanda ya ɗauki abincin "mai basira" kuma ya yi amfani da mai daidaitawa bayan mai tsaron gidan IFK Gothenburg.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=AIK takes home Swedish football league title – The Local |url=http://www.thelocal.se/23008/20091101/ |publisher=Thelocal.se}}</ref> Kwanaki biyu kafin wasan karshe, Mutumba ya yi tattoo a cikin "AIK GULD (Gold) 2LAX9 (2009, LAX shine karin magana ga dubu) a kirjinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Mutumbas AIK Guld 2LAX9 ny trend – Dagens Nyheter |url=https://www.dn.se/sport/fotboll/mutumbas-aik-guld-2lax9-ny-trend/ |publisher=[[Dagens Nyheter]]}}</ref> AIK ya fara da mummunan farawa a kakar 2010, ya yi mummunar aiki duk da cewa an lashe kofin zakarun 'yan watanni da suka gabata. Kungiyar tana gab da yakin da za a yi saboda wadannan mummunar nuni. Manajan Mikael Stahre ya tafi Panionios GSS kuma kungiyar ta fuskanci zargi mai tsanani saboda mummunar wasan kwaikwayon. === Videoton === A ranar 28 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2010, kafofin watsa labarai sun ba da rahoton cewa kulob din Hungary na Videoton FC ya sayi Bojan Djordjic da Martin Mutumba.<ref name="aftonbladet.se">{{Cite web |last=Patrik Sjögren |date=28 June 2010 |title=Chocken: Guldhjältarna lämnar mästarlaget &#124; AIK &#124; Allsvenskan &#124; Sverige &#124; Fotboll &#124; Sportbladet &#124; Aftonbladet |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/sportbladet/fotboll/sverige/allsvenskan/aik/article7380809.ab |publisher=Aftonbladet.se}}</ref> Darakta na kulob din Hungary ya kwatanta Djordjic da [[Roberto Baggio]] da Mutumba da [[Ronaldinho]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andreas Lagnelius |date=29 June 2010 |title=Jämför Mutumba och Bojan – med Ronaldinho och Baggio &#124; AIK &#124; Allsvenskan &#124; Sverige &#124; Fotboll &#124; Sportbladet &#124; Aftonbladet |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/sportbladet/fotboll/sverige/allsvenskan/aik/article7388899.ab |publisher=Aftonbladet.se}}</ref> Canjin ya haifar da hasashe da yawa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, musamman tun lokacin da AIK ta nada kocin Scotland Alex Miller kwanaki kadan kafin a yi canjin. 'Yan wasan sun yi iƙirarin cewa shawarar Mista Miller ce ta bar' yan wasan su tafi, amma kungiyar AIK ta yi iƙirin cewa sun sami irin wannan tayin mai kyau da ba za su iya ƙin sayar da su ba.<ref name="aftonbladet.se" /> === Komawa na biyu zuwa AIK === A shekara ta 2011, AIK ta sanya hannu kan Mutumba a karo na uku, ta amince da yarjejeniyar shekaru uku tare da kulob din. === Çaykur Rizespor === A ranar 5 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2014, Çaykur Rizespor ta sanar da cewa Mutumba ya sanya hannu tare da su na tsawon shekaru 2.5. === Rah Ahan === A ranar 3 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, ya shiga kungiyar Rah Ahan ta Persian Gulf Pro League . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Lokacin da ya fara sanya hannu tare da AIK, har yanzu matashi ne, mahaifinsa ya bar aikinsa kuma saurayi Mutumba ya ba iyalin kuɗin shiga kawai da suke da shi. Lokacin da kulob din ya bar shi ya tafi, iyalin nan da nan suka sami kansu cikin matsalolin tattalin arziki.<ref name="Jag blev en fel människa" /> A shekara ta 2003, Mutumba ya hada kai a kan littafin "Svartskallar - Så funkar vi" (kimanin: "Wogs - Yadda muke aiki") inda matasa 11 daga al'adu da 'yan tsiraru ke magana game da yadda yake zama na asalin baƙi a cikin al'ummar Sweden ta zamani. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jmyks9piea6g2hnaez3lzbiacl45qis 0 178772 968040 965711 2026-10-16T00:50:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968040 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Performance studies''' is an interdisciplinary academic field that teaches the development of performance skills and uses performance as a lens and a tool to study the world. The term ''performance'' is broad, and can include artistic and aesthetic performances like concerts, theatrical events, and performance art; sporting events; social, political and religious events like rituals, ceremonies, proclamations and public decisions; certain kinds of language use; and those components of identity which require someone to do, rather than just be, something. Performance studies draws from theories and methods of the performing arts, [[Ilimin ɗan adam|anthropology]], [[Kimiyar al'umma|sociology]], literary theory, culture studies, critical theory, communication studies, and others. Performance studies tends to concentrate on a mix of [[Bincike|research methods]]. The application of practice-led or practice-based research methods has become a widespread phenomenon not just in the anglophone world. As such research projects integrate established methods like literature research and oral history with performance practice, i.e. artistic auto-ethnographic approaches and verbatim theatre. The documentation of ''Practice-as-Research in Performance'' (PARIP), a devoted research project conducted at the University of Bristol between 2001 and 2006, offers a number of inspiring articles and portraits of such research projects and was key for a breakthrough of using creative thinking within this subject field. == Origins and basic concepts == Performance studies has been charged as an emerging discipline. As an academic field it is difficult to pin down; which could be the nature of the field itself or it is still too young to tell. In either case, many academics have been critical of its instability. There are, however, numerous degree-granting programs that train researchers being offered by universities. Some have referred to it as an "inter discipline" or a "post discipline." Scholars in today's field of performance studies may trace their roots to a number of other fields such as elocution, interpretation, theatre, anthropology, and speech communication. According to Diana Taylor, "what they have in common is their shared object of study: performance—in the broadest possible sense—as a process, praxis, and episteme, a mode of transmission, an accomplishment, and a means of intervening in the world." Richard Schechner states that performance studies examine performances in two categories, the first being ''artistic performance'', marked and understood as art. This includes solo-performance, performance art, performance of literature, theatrical storytelling, plays, and performance poetry. Artistic performance considers performance as an art form. The second category is ''cultural performance'', which includes events that occur in everyday life, in which a culture's values are displayed for their perpetuation: rituals such as parades, religious ceremonies, community festivals, controversial storytelling, and performances of social and professional roles, and individual performances of race, gender, sexuality and class are all considered a form of cultural performance. The oldest roots of performance studies are in elocution, sometimes referred to as declamation. This early approach to public speech delivery focused on verbal diction, physical gestures, stance, tone, and even dress. A revival of its practices during the eighteenth century, also known as The Elocution Movement, contributed to the emergence of Elocution as an academic discipline in its own right. One of the major figures of the Elocution Movement was actor and scholar Thomas Sheridan. Sheridan's lectures on elocution, collected in Lectures on Elocution (1762) and his Lectures on Reading (1775), provided directions for marking and reading aloud passages from literature. Another actor, John Walker, published his two-volume Elements of Elocution in 1781, which provided detailed instruction on voice control, gestures, pronunciation, and emphasis. The elocution movement took hold in the West; schools and departments of elocution and oratory cropped up across England and the United States throughout much of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Most significant of these to performance studies today is the Northwestern University School of Oratory, established in 1894 by Robert McLean Cumnock<ref>{{Cite web |title=Northwestern University Archives |url=https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/agents/people/1060 |access-date=2026-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250526210855/https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/agents/people/1060 |archive-date=2025-05-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> to teach speech education on the principles of elocution. The School of Oratory housed their Department of Interpretation which focused on literature and on the art of interpretation as a means of understanding literature and bringing it to life through oral reading. In 1984, the Department of Interpretation was named the Department of Performance Studies to incorporate a broader definition of texts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2020 |title=Major in Performance Studies &#124; Northwestern School of Communication |url=https://www.communication.northwestern.edu/academic-programs/major-in-performance-studies/#:~:text=The%20History%20of%20the%20Department&text=The%20department%27s%20name%20was%20changed,range%20of%20experiences%20and%20events. |website=Performance Studies Department History}}</ref> On the literature front, [[Wallace Bacon]] (1914–2001) was considered by many to be someone who pioneered performance theory.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=James Janega, Tribune Staff |date=16 February 2001 |title=WALLACE A. BACON, 87, NU PROFESSOR |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2001-02-16-0102160209-story.html |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=chicagotribune.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Bacon taught performance of literature as the ultimate act of humility. In his defining statement of performance theory, "Our center is in the interaction between readers and texts which enriches, extends, clarifies, and (yes) alters the interior and even the exterior lives of students [and performers and audiences] through the power of texts" (''Literature in Performance'', Vol 5 No 1, 1984; p.&nbsp;84). In addition, Robert Breen's text ''Chamber Theatre'' is a cornerstone in the field for staging narrative texts, though it remains controversial in its assertions about the place of narrative details in chamber productions. Breen is also regarded by many as a founding theorist for the discipline, along with advocate Louise Rosenblatt. More recently, performance theorist and novelist Barbara Browning has suggested that narrative fiction itself—and particularly the novel—demands the performative participation of the reader.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Browning |first=Barbara |date=14 November 2013 |title='Dear Reader': The Novel's Call to Perform |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1m4uWyRjvo |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517163233/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1m4uWyRjvo |archive-date=17 May 2015 |access-date=12 August 2014 |website=YouTube |publisher=The Book Lovers}}</ref> === Theatre and anthropology === On the theatrical and anthropological front, this origin is often regarded as the research collaborations of director Richard Schechner and anthropologist Victor Turner. This origin narrative emphasizes a definition of performance as being "between theatre and anthropology" and often stresses the importance of intercultural performances as an alternative to either traditional proscenium theatre or traditional Dwight Conquergood developed a branch of performance ethnography that centered the political nature of the practice and advocated for methodological dialogism from the point of encounter to the practices of research reporting. Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett has contributed an interest in tourist productions and ethnographic showmanship to the field, Judd Case has adapted performance to the study of media and religion, Diana Taylor has brought a hemispheric perspective on Latin American performance and theorized the relationship between the archive and the performance repertoire, while Corinne Kratz developed a mode of performance analysis that emphasizes the role of multimedia communication in performance. Laurie Frederik argues for the importance of ethnographic research and a solid theoretical base in anthropological perspective. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bfl6vs4qcusv62bs6r3fhfh1gd2j2ia 0 178846 968223 965973 2026-10-16T11:22:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Priya Prakash''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1990) 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar Indiya kuma shugabar zartarwa. Ita ce wadda ta kafa kuma Shugabar HealthSetGo. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == ta yi karatu a Makarantar Rishi Valley da Kwalejin Mata ta Lady Shri Ram.<ref name="delhiitesmagazine">{{Cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=RAISING A HEALTHY GENERATION- PRIYA PRAKASH |url=http://delhiitesmagazine.com/raising-a-healthy-generation-priya-prakash/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=delhiitesmagazine.com}}</ref> Tun tana ƙarama, ana yi mata cin zarafi saboda yawan kiba wanda hakan ya sa ta kamu da matsalar cin abinci a jami'a. Wannan ya ba ta kwarin gwiwa ta shiga wani dakin motsa jiki a shekarar 2012, inda ta haɗu da wani mai koyar da motsa jiki wanda ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi hulɗa mai kyau da abincinta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Avlani |first=Shrenik |date=25 July 2019 |title=This founder's healthy habits rub off on her team |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/business-of-life/this-founder-s-healthy-habits-rub-off-on-her-team-1564059833378.html |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=livemint.com}}</ref> An ba Prakash kyautar a gasar Forbes ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 30 a Asiya ta 2018 a fannin kiwon lafiya da kimiyya, sannan aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Unilever Young Entrepreneur of the Year a shekarar 2018. Ta kuma lashe kyautar Global Citizen Prize ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-12 |title=On International Youth Day HealthSetGo and GAIN launch the India Food Systems Summit |url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/on-international-youth-day-healthsetgo-and-gain-launch-the-india-food-systems-summit/ |access-date=2021-08-19 |website=India Education {{!}} Latest Education News {{!}} Global Educational News {{!}} Recent Educational News |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819131808/https://indiaeducationdiary.in/on-international-youth-day-healthsetgo-and-gain-launch-the-india-food-systems-summit/ |archive-date=2021-08-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Baya ga aikinta, ita ƙwararriyar mai ɗaukar nauyi ce a matakin jihar Delhi, mai magana da yawun Tedx, mai horar da Crossfit L1, kuma mai rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo kan lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=An appetite for change |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2021/aug/12/an-appetitefor-change-2343654.html |access-date=2021-08-19 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> == Sana'a == [[File:Priya_Prakash_in_2018.jpg|left|thumb]] Bayan kammala karatunsa, Prakash ya fara aiki a fannin kuɗi. <ref name="delhiitesmagazine" /> A shekarar 2014, Prakash ya kafa HealthSetGo, wanda ke da nufin ƙarfafa ɗabi'un lafiya ga yara a faɗin Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2018 |title=This 24/7 entrepreneurial attitude is truly enjoyable!" |url=https://iamanentrepreneur.in/shepreneurs/247-entrepreneurial-attitude-truly-enjoyable/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=iamanentrepreneur}}</ref> Shekaru uku bayan haka, HealthSetGo ta haɗu da asibitoci 16, likitoci 90 da kuma asibitoci 35 a faɗin Indiya. <ref name="indiatoday">{{Cite web |last=Deepak |first=Sukant |date=20 January 2017 |title='As a young woman, people don't take you seriously at first' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20170130-priya-prakash-good-news-issue-985594-2017-01-20 |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, an sanya Prakash a cikin jerin Forbes 30 na 'yan ƙasa da shekara 30 a Asiya saboda faɗaɗa HealthSetGo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Behal |first=Ambika |date=6 March 2018 |title=Meet Some Of The Notable Indians On Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia 2018 List |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/abehal/2018/03/26/meet-some-of-the-notable-indians-on-forbes-30-under-30-asia-2018-list/#69cf85351dde |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=forbes.com}}</ref> Ƙungiyarta ta girma ta horar da likitoci da malamai sama da 300 a birane 70 don ƙarfafa cin abinci mai kyau, wanda aka kiyasta ya shafi ɗalibai sama da 80,000. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2018 |title=Forbes 30 Under 30 In Asia – Many Young Female Entrepreneurs Included |url=https://www.iwecfoundation.org/news/forbes-30-30-asia-many-young-female-entrepreneurs-included/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=iwecfoundation.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118012842/https://www.iwecfoundation.org/news/forbes-30-30-asia-many-young-female-entrepreneurs-included/ |archive-date=18 November 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da HealthSetGo ta ƙara wa makarantu shine ta hanyar gudanar da kimanta lafiya a lokacin makaranta don sa ido kan lafiyar yara da ci gaban su. Wannan kuma yana nufin cewa ana gano alamun cutar da wuri kuma ana magance su da sauri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Meet Priya Who Is Building A Healthier Tomorrow For Our Kids |url=https://sheroes.com/articles/meet-priya-who-is-building-a-healthier-tomorrow-for-our-kids/NTA1Ng== |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=sheroes.com}}</ref> A ƙarshen jarrabawar likitanci, an ba wa makarantun shawarwari kan yadda za a inganta da kuma tantance matsalolin da suka shafi lafiya a nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Leah |date=22 November 2019 |title=Meet the Cisco Youth Leadership Award Finalist Who Is Ensuring Schoolchildren in India Stay Healthy |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/priya-prakash-global-citizen-cisco-youth-leader/ |access-date=23 December 2019 |website=Globalcitizen.org}}</ref> Ta kuma taimaka wajen shirya taron HealthSetGo na shekara-shekara don tunawa da Ranar Lafiya ta Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2019 |title=World Health Day Celebrated At Gurugram With HealthSetGo Run 2019 |url=http://bwpeople.businessworld.in/article/World-Health-Day-Celebrated-At-Gurugram-With-HealthSetGo-Run-2019/23-04-2019-169621/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=bwpeople.businessworld.in}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta shiga gasar ƙarshe ta gasar Cartier Women's Initiative Awards. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Michael |first=Maya |date=7 March 2019 |title=Here are the 21 finalists of the Cartier Women's Initiative 2019 |url=https://www.prestigeonline.com/my/people-events/people/here-are-the-21-finalists-of-the-cartier-womens-initiative-2019/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=prestigeonline.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Snigdha |date=2019 |title=The Desi Touch At Cartier Women's Initiative Awards |url=https://www.dissdash.com/2019/05/02/the-desi-touch-at-cartier-womens-initiative-awards/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=dissdash.com}}</ref> Daga baya a watan Disamba, ta lashe kyautar Cisco Youth Leadership Prize, wadda ta haɗa da tallafin $250,000 ga HealthSetGo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Calderwood |first=Imogen |date=21 December 2019 |title=Health Activist Priya Prakash Wins the Cisco Youth Leadership Prize |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/priya-prakash-wins-the-cisco-youth-leadership-priz/ |access-date=23 December 2019 |website=globalcitizen.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3homn7pnjy2tfmsl1wkt1gr8jo67c0w 0 178848 967922 965978 2026-10-15T18:10:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Miriam Chandy Menacherry''' (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga Maris 1975) [[Documentary film|ƙwararriyar mai shirya fina-finan]] Indiya ce da ke zaune a [[Mumbai]], Indiya.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2024 |title=Who is Miriam Chandy Menacherry, Malayali who took home National Award for Best Director in Non-Feature category? |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/08/17/miriam-chandy-menacherry-from-the-shadows-best-director-non-feature-film.html |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=[[Onmanorama]] |language=en}}</ref> Ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa don fim ɗin da ba shi da fasali kamar ''From the Shadows'' (2022). Ta kafa Filament Pictures a shekarar 2005, wani gidan shirya fina-finai wanda ke ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen fina-finai masu dacewa da zamantakewa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Filament Pictures |url=http://www.filamentpictures.co.in/ |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=filamentpictures.co.in}}</ref> Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai 18 da aka zaɓa daga Gabas ta Tsakiya da Asiya don Global Media Makers Fellowship 2019-20 wanda Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka da kuma Film Independent suka bayar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the Fellows |url=https://www.filmindependent.org/programs/global-media-makers/meet-the-fellows/ |access-date=2021-05-29 |website=Film Independent |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422020345/https://www.filmindependent.org/programs/global-media-makers/meet-the-fellows/ |archive-date=2021-04-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhushan |first=Nyay |date=2019-09-24 |title=Film Independent’s Global Media Makers Program Expands to Include South Asian Talent (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/film-independents-global-media-makers-program-include-south-asian-talent-1241312/ |access-date=2021-05-29 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> Shirin fim ɗinta mai suna ''Rat Race'' (2011) ya lashe gasar Mipdoc Co-Production Challenge a Cannes (Faransa). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2010-04-15 |title=Mumbai-based documentary wins Cannes co-production challenge |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/mumbai-based-documentary-wins-cannes-co-production-challenge/story-EhVcv1Ra9t5bINtyNmSpUK.html |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Miriam ta kuma lashe kyaututtukan talabijin na Asiya don Mafi Kyawun Shirye-shiryen Zamantakewa (2007) da kuma Ƙungiyar Fina-finan Muhalli ta Burtaniya (2008).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=2008 Winners |url=https://www.asiantvawards.com/winners/2008-winners/ |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Asian Television Awards |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Menacherry a [[Chennai]] . Ta yi karatunta a [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]] . Ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Stella Maris da ke Chennai da digirin B.Sc (Honors). Tana da digiri na biyu a fannin Fina-finai da Talabijin daga Cibiyar Bincike ta AJK Mass Communication da ke New Delhi. Bayan ta kammala karatu ta zama wakiliya a CNBC, Indiya sannan ta koma UTV a matsayin darakta. An kafa Filament Pictures a shekara ta 2005 don samar da sinima mai ma'ana wacce za ta gamsar da masu kallo a duk duniya. Menacherry ce ke jagorantar fina-finanta kuma take shirya su, kuma lokaci-lokaci tana shiga cikin rubutun da rarrabawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-24 |title=Filmmaker Miriam Chandy Menacherry: Underdogs' own storyteller |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/films/filmmaker-miriam-chandy-menacherry-underdogs-own-storyteller |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref> Daga zuriyar Malayali, Menacherry tana aiki a kan Ƙungiyar Mata a Cinema (WCC) da kuma ƙoƙarinsu na kawo sauyi a sinimar Malayalam. <ref name=":5" /> == Shirye-shiryen Fina-finai == ''Komawa ga Ƙasa'' (2004) wani shiri ne da Menacherry ya jagoranta don BBC World . Wannan shi ne bugun Indiya na shirin Burtaniya mai suna ''Back to the Floor'' . Bugun Indiya ya ƙunshi manyan shugabanni daga manyan kamfanonin kasuwanci a Indiya waɗanda ke aiki a matakin shago don samun ra'ayi daban game da ƙalubalen da ma'aikatansu ke fuskanta. Ya lashe kyaututtukan talabijin na Indiya don Mafi kyawun Jerin Kasuwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-01-03 |title=BBC World to launch 'Back To The Floor' |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/jan/jan10.htm |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Indian Television Dot Com |language=en}}</ref> An shirya shirin ''The Stuntmen of Bollywood'' (2005) don National Geographic Channel . Shirin fim ɗin ya ƙunshi rayuwa da wahalhalun da jaruman fina-finan [[Bollywood]] suka fuskanta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-09-13 |title=UTV to showcase 'Stuntmen of Bollywood' on NGC |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/sep/sep161.htm |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Indian Television Dot Com |language=en}}</ref> An zaɓe shi don fim ɗin 'mafi ƙirƙira' a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na talabijin na Asiya . ''Mee Koli'' (2005) wani shirin gaskiya ne game da masuntan Koli na [[Mumbai]], asalin mazauna birnin da kuma gwagwarmayar da suke yi don kiyaye rayuwar halittun ruwa masu laushi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Catalogue 2011 |url=https://issuu.com/idfa/docs/catalogus_idfa2011_compleet_lr/177 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Issuu |language=en}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da ke kan iyakar almarar kimiyya, ''Robot Jockey'' (2007) ya yi nazari kan yanayin rayuwar [[Gasar raƙuma|masu tseren raƙuma]] na Bedouin a [[Qatar]] lokacin da suka horar da raƙumansu don karɓar masu hawan ƙarfe. Dangane da yadda ƙasashen duniya ke fuskantar suka game da amfani da yara kanana a tseren raƙumi, Qatar ta yanke shawarar dakatar da sukar ta hanyar komawa ga masu yin wasan robot . ''Robot Jockey'' ya lashe kyautar talabijin ta Asiya a matsayin mafi kyawun shirin shirya fina-finai na zamantakewa a shekarar 2008. <ref name=":2" /> Biyan buƙatun makamashi na al'umma ba tare da amfani da lalata yanayi ba - ''A Light Burns'' (2008) yana magana ne game da wahalhalun da al'umma mai nisa a [[Jharkhand]] ke fuskanta na kawo wutar lantarki zuwa ƙauyensu. Fim ɗin ya biyo bayan tafiyar al'umma don [[Fitar da Diesel|samar da man fetur]] daga irin man da ake samu a yankin. Ya lashe kyautar UK Environmental Film Fellowship. <ref name=":0" /> ''Tawagar Bera'' (2011) ta tattara tarihin rayuwar masu kisan bera a Mumbai waɗanda ke aiki yayin da birnin ke barci. Babban abin da ya fi daukar hankali a labarin shi ne wani mai son yin rawa a Bollywood wanda ya koma kama bera saboda dalilai daban-daban kuma ya shafe shekaru 37 masu zuwa yana kashe bera da kuma kula da sauran masu kama bera. Wannan shirin fim ɗin ya lashe gasar Mipdoc Co-Production Challenge, Cannes (Faransa), <ref name=":1" /> Audience Awards, Florence (Italiya) da Kerala (Indiya). An kuma fara nuna shirin fim ɗin a IDFA, Amsterdam (Netherlands). [[File:Camera_crowd.jpg|thumb| Daga saitin ''Daga cikin Shadows'']] ''Lyari Notes'' (2015), wanda Maheen Zia ta jagoranta, labari ne na shekarun 'yan mata huɗu a [[Karachi]] . Suna zaune a Lyari, wani yanki da aka san shi da yaƙin ƙungiyoyi, suna yanke shawarar zaɓar kiɗa maimakon tashin hankali. Zia da Menacherry, masu shirya fina-finai biyu daga Indiya da Pakistan, sun haɗu don samar da tattaunawa ta siyasa ta kafofin watsa labarai na kiɗa da fina-finai. Wannan shirin fim ɗin ya lashe kyautar IDPA Long form Documentary Award (Azurfa). Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jaridun Fina-finai ta Mata ce ta zaɓe ta don kyautar EDA a IDFA (Netherlands), da kuma kyautar matasa a Sheffield (UK). ''Lyari Notes'' ita ce fim ɗin farko a fakitin sinima na Artists a Kochi Biennale (Indiya), da kuma bikin Indie Meme International Festival a Austin, Texas (Amurka). <ref name=":4" /> An zaɓi ''Daga Shadows'' (2022) don Lisbon Docs Pitch (Portugal), Docedge (Indiya), Global Media Makers Program (Amurka), Docs Port Incheon (Koriya), Global Pitch Sunny Side of the Docs (Faransa), Good Pitch (Indiya), da Impact Day FIFDH (Geneva). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hedge |first=Prajwal |date=30 May 2021 |title=Story of trafficking in the shadow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/story-of-trafficking-in-the-shadow/articleshow/83080251.cms |access-date=2022-01-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Underdogs' own storyteller |url=https://ianslife.in/culture/underdogs-own-storyteller |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=IANS Life |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416132744/https://ianslife.in/culture/underdogs-own-storyteller |archive-date=2021-04-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wannan fim mai tsawon gaske yana nuna waɗanda suka tsira daga fataucin yara kanana a Indiya. An fara nuna shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa da kuma bikin fina-finai na gajere na Kerala. An ba da kuɗin tallafin ''From the Shadows'' da ''Lyari Notes'' ta hanyar taron jama'a. == Rayuwar fim == * 2004 – ''Komawa Fagen Wasan Kwaikwayo'' na BBC World (Darakta) * 2005 – ''Shahararrun jaruman Bollywood'' na National Geographic Channel (Darakta) * 2005 – ''Mee Koli'' (Darakta) * 2007 - ''Robot Jockey'' na National Geographic Channel (Darakta/Furodusa) * 2008 - ''Hasken da ya ƙone'' ga Discovery Channel da Doordarshan (Darakta) * 2011 – ''Tseren Bera'' (Darakta/Furodusa) * 2015 – ''Lyari Notes'' (Mai Darakta/Mai Shiryawa) * 2022 – ''Daga Shadows'' (Darakta/Furodusa) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7kbl7k1sh0ffrzoymcor5hrzd6vrbo9 0 178866 968054 967442 2026-10-16T03:50:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nuna bambanci tsakanin jinsi a Wikipedia''' shine yawan ra'ayoyi da batutuwa na maza, wanda ya samo asali ne daga abubuwan da suka faru cewa maza sun fi mata iya zama [[Al'ummar Wikipedia|masu ba da gudummawa ga aikin sa]] kai kuma su zama batun labaran [[Wikipidiya|Wikipedia]] . {{As of|2024|6}} , Wikipedia ta Ingilishi tana da kusan tarihin rayuwar mata 400,000, wanda ke wakiltar kusan kashi 20% na jimlar tarihin rayuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kandek |first=Barbara |date=2023-03-01 |title=Closing the gender gap: Women in Red’s efforts to add more women to Wikipedia |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/01/closing-the-gender-gap-women-in-reds-efforts-to-add-more-women-to-wikipedia/ |access-date=2026-09-13 |website=Wikimedia Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> Wikipedia ba ta da wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a fannin masu karatu, duk da haka labaran batutuwa da daidaikun mutane suna karkata ga maza. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Kleeman |first=Jenny |date=26 May 2016 |title=The Wikipedia wars: does it matter if our biggest source of knowledge is written by men? |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/lifestyle/2015/05/wikipedia-has-colossal-problem-women-dont-edit-it |access-date=26 June 2020 |website=www.newstatesman.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, kashi 80% na masu gyara Wikipedia a duniya maza ne, kashi 14% mata ne, kashi 5% kuma ba su da bambancin jinsi, kuma kashi 4% sun zabi kin bayyana jinsinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Community Insights 2024 Report |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Insights/Community_Insights_2024_Report#Gender |access-date=8 September 2026 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> A wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2018 wanda ya shafi harsuna 12 na Wikipedia da wasu ayyukan [[Gidauniyar Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]], kashi 90% na masu amsa 3,734 sun bayar da rahoton jinsinsu a matsayin namiji, kashi 8.8% a matsayin mace, da kuma kashi 1% a matsayin sauran; daga cikin masu bayar da gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Ingilishi, kashi 84.7% an gano su a matsayin maza, kashi 13.6% a matsayin mata, da kuma kashi 1.7% a matsayin sauran (jimillar masu amsa 88). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Community Insights/2018 Report/Contributors - Meta |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Insights/2018_Report/Contributors |access-date=28 September 2020 |website=meta.wikimedia.org |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, [[Katherine Maher]], shugabar Wikimedia Foundation a lokacin, ta ce aikin da ƙungiyarta ta yi shi ne mata sun kai kashi 15-20% na jimillar masu bayar da gudummawa. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2021 ya gano cewa, a watan Afrilun 2017, kashi 41% na tarihin rayuwar da aka zaba domin a goge su mata ne duk da cewa kashi 17% ne kawai na tarihin rayuwar da aka buga mata ne. [1] Ganuwa da isa ga mata a Wikipedia yana da iyaka, inda wani rahoto na 2015 ya gano cewa shafukan mata galibi "suna da alaƙa da maza". [2] [ yana buƙatar sabuntawa ] An gano harsunan da ake ɗauka a matsayin masu nuna bambancin jinsi, masu yawan magana, ko kuma waɗanda suka shafi jinsi a cikin labaran da suka shafi mata. [3] Nuna bambanci tsakanin jinsi yana ɗaya daga cikin sukar da aka fi yi wa Wikipedia, wani lokacin a matsayin wani ɓangare na sukar da aka fi yi game da nuna bambanci a tsarin Wikipedia . A shekarar 2015, [[Jimmy Wales|Jimmy Wales,]] wanda ya kafa Wikipedia, ya sanar da cewa kundin tarihin ya gaza cimma burinsa na riƙe kashi 25% na mata a matsayin editoci. An ƙirƙiro shirye-shirye kamar [[Taron Gyaran Shafukan Wikipedia|edita-a-thons]] da kuma [[Women in Red]] don ƙarfafa editocin mata da kuma ƙara yawan labaran batutuwan mata. <ref name="tnw">{{Cite web |last=Curtis |first=Cara |year=2019 |title=This physicist has written over 500 biographies of women scientists on Wikipedia |url=https://thenextweb.com/tech/2019/03/19/physicist-has-written-over-500-biographies-female-scientists-wikipedia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804235220/https://thenextweb.com/tech/2019/03/19/physicist-has-written-over-500-biographies-female-scientists-wikipedia/ |archive-date=4 August 2019 |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=thenextweb.com |publisher=[[The Next Web]]}}</ref> == Nuna wariya ga jinsi a cikin shiga == === Kokarin auna bambancin jinsi === Binciken farko da aka yi kan kasancewar mutane a duk duniya a shekarar 2008 ya gano cewa kashi 13% na dukkan editocin mata ne, wanda bayan wani bincike na gaba a shekarar 2011, aka rage shi zuwa kashi 9% a duk duniya. A Amurka, wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2015 ya gano cewa kashi 15% na masu bayar da gudummawa mata ne. <ref name="torres" /> A shekarar 2009, wani bincike da Gidauniyar Wikimedia ta gudanar ya nuna cewa kashi 6% na editocin da suka yi gyare-gyare sama da 500 mata ne, inda matsakaicin editan maza ke da gyare-gyare sau biyu. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;" |+ style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal; font-size: 80%" |Kwatanta sakamakon da aka samu na yawan masu karatu da editoci na Wikipedia daga binciken Pew da aka gudanar a duk fadin kasar da kuma binciken WMF/UNU-MERIT (UNU) na jerin masu canji daban-daban a cikin binciken biyu. Lambobin da aka gyara ga editoci suna ɗauka cewa son zuciya ga editoci iri ɗaya ne da son zuciya ga masu karatu, kuma, a cikin ginshiƙi mafi kyau, son zuciya ya tabbata ga editoci a wajen Amurka. An sake buga tebur daga wannan tushe. <ref name="PLOS">{{Cite journal |last=Hill |first=Benjamin Mako |last2=Shaw |first2=Aaron |last3=Sánchez |first3=Angel |date=26 June 2013 |title=The Wikipedia Gender Gap Revisited: Characterizing Survey Response Bias with Propensity Score Estimation |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=6 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...865782H |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0065782 |pmc=3694126 |pmid=23840366 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ! scope="col" | Mai canzawa ! scope="col" | Masu karatu a Amurka (Pew) ! scope="col" | Masu Karatu a Amurka (UNU) ! scope="col" | Editocin Amurka (UNU) ! scope="col" | Editocin Amurka adj. ! scope="col" | Editocin (UNU) ! scope="col" | Editocin adireshi. |- ! scope="row" | Mace | 49.0 | 39.9 | 17.8 | 22.7 | 12.7 | 16.1 |- ! scope="row" | An yi aure | 60.1 | 44.1 | 30.9 | 36.3 | 33.2 | 38.4 |- ! scope="row" | Yara | 36.0 | 29.4 | 16.4 | 27.6 | 14.4 | 25.3 |- ! scope="row" | Baƙi | 10.1 | 14.4 | 12.1 | 9.8 | 8.2 | 7.4 |- ! scope="row" | Ɗalibi | 17.7 | 29.9 | 46.0 | 38.5 | 47.7 | 40.3 |} A shekara ta 2010, Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da UNU-MERIT sun haɗu sun gabatar da taƙaitaccen bayani game da sakamakon wani bincike na Wikipedia na duniya. [1] Wani labarin jaridar New York Times ya ambaci wannan haɗin gwiwar Gidauniyar Wikimedia, wanda ya nuna cewa ƙasa da kashi 13% na masu ba da gudummawa ga Wikipedia mata ne. Sue Gardner, babbar darakta a gidauniyar a wancan lokacin, ta ce ƙara bambancin ra'ayi yana da alaƙa da sanya kundin tarihin ya zama "mai kyau gwargwadon iyawarsa". Abubuwan da labarin ya ambata a matsayin waɗanda ke hana mata yin gyara sun haɗa da "masana'antar son gaskiya mai cike da damuwa", alaƙa da "taron masu kutse masu himma", da kuma buƙatar kasancewa "a buɗe ga mutane masu wahala, masu rikici, har ma da masu son nuna wariya ga wasu". [2] A shekarar 2013, an daidaita sakamakon binciken don nuna son kai ga rashin amsawa ta hanyar Hill da Shaw ta amfani da dabarar kimanta maki don ba da shawarar gyara sama ga bayanan da aka samu daga binciken da kuma ba da shawarar sabuntawa ga kididdigar da ake bincike a kai, wanda ya ba da kashi 22.7% (17.8% ba a daidaita ba) ga manyan editocin mata na Amurka da kuma kashi 16.1% (12.7% ba a daidaita ba) ga duk editocin mata na Amurka. [3] A watan Fabrairun 2011, jaridar New York Times ta biyo bayan jerin ra'ayoyi kan batun a ƙarƙashin tutar, "Ina Matan Ke Cikin Wikipedia?" [1] Susan C. Herring, farfesa a fannin kimiyyar bayanai da harsuna, ta ce ba ta yi mamakin gibin jinsi da masu bayar da gudummawa a Wikipedia ke da shi ba. Ta ce yanayin da ake yawan samun cece-kuce a shafukan "magana" na labarin Wikipedia, inda ake tattauna abubuwan da ke cikin labarin, ba shi da kyau ga mata da yawa, "idan ba tsoro ba ne kai tsaye". [2] Joseph M. Reagle ya mayar da martani makamancin haka, yana mai cewa haɗakar "al'adar ɗan damfara mai son ɓoye ra'ayi", tare da tasirin da ba shi da kyau na wasu tsirarun membobin da ke rikici a cikin al'umma, na iya sa ya zama ba shi da kyau. Ya ce, "za a iya amfani da akidar da maganganun 'yanci da budewa (a) don danne damuwa game da maganganun da ba su dace ba ko na batanci a matsayin 'takunkumi' da kuma (b) don yin la'akari da rashin shigar mata a matsayin kawai batun fifiko da zabi na kansu." [3] Justine Cassell ta ce duk da cewa mata suna da ilimi kamar maza, kuma suna iya kare ra'ayinsu, "har yanzu haka lamarin yake a cikin al'ummar Amurka cewa muhawara, jayayya, da kuma kare matsayin mutum sau da yawa ana ɗaukar su a matsayin matsayin maza, kuma amfani da waɗannan salon magana na iya haifar da ƙima mara kyau." [4] A watan Afrilun 2011, Gidauniyar Wikimedia ta gudanar da bincikenta na farko na Wikipedia na rabin shekara. Ya nuna cewa kashi 9% na editocin Wikipedia mata ne. Ta kuma ruwaito cewa, "Sabanin ra'ayin wasu, bayananmu sun nuna cewa mata kaɗan ne suka fi yin rubutu game da editocinsu suna jin kamar an ci zarafinsu, kuma kaɗan ne kawai ke jin cewa Wikipedia yanayi ne na jima'i." <ref name="WES2011">{{Cite web |date=April 2011 |title=Wikipedia Editors Study: Results From ''The Editor Survey, April 2011'' |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Editor_Survey_Report_-_April_2011.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226041321/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Editor_Survey_Report_-_April_2011.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014 |website=[[Wikipedia]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, wata takarda da aka buga a watan Oktoban 2011 a taron kasa da kasa kan Wikis da Open Collaboration ta gano shaidar da ke nuna cewa Wikipedia na iya samun "al'adar da za ta iya zama mai tsauri ga mata." Wani bincike da aka buga a shekarar 2014 ya gano cewa akwai kuma "gibin ƙwarewar intanet" dangane da editocin Wikipedia. Marubutan sun gano cewa mafi yawan masu ba da gudummawa a Wikipedia maza ne masu ƙwarewa sosai kuma babu gibin jinsi tsakanin masu gyara marasa ƙwarewa, kuma sun kammala da cewa "gibin ƙwarewa" yana ƙara ta'azzara gibin jinsi tsakanin masu gyara. [1] A tsakanin 2010 zuwa 2014, mata sun kai kashi 61% na mahalarta kwasa-kwasan kwaleji da shirin Wiki Education Foundation ya shirya, wanda ya haɗa da gyara Wikipedia a matsayin wani ɓangare na manhajar karatu. An gano cewa gudummawar da suka bayar ta sauya abubuwan da ke cikin Wikipedia daga al'adun gargajiya da STEM zuwa kimiyyar zamantakewa da kuma ilimin ɗan adam. [2] A shekarar 2015, Katherine Maher, wacce ta gaje Gardner a matsayin darakta ta Wikimedia Foundation, ta yi jayayya cewa nuna wariya ga jinsi a Wikipedia "yana nuna al'umma gaba daya". Misali, ta lura cewa Wikipedia ta dogara ne akan [[Tushen na biyu|wasu majiyoyi na biyu]] waɗanda ke da irin wannan son zuciya. Ta yarda cewa tsarin gyara Wikipedia yana gabatar da nasa son zuciya, musamman ganin cewa batutuwan da suka shahara a tsakanin editocinta maza galibi suna jawo ƙarin gyare-gyare. <ref name="kmaher">{{Cite web |last=Maher |first=Katherine |date=18 October 2018 |title=Wikipedia is a mirror of the world's gender biases |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2018/10/18/wikipedia-mirror-world-gender-biases/ |website=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2017 ya gano cewa mata da ke shiga cikin wani gwaji ta hanyar gyara wani shafi mai kama da Wikipedia suna kallon sauran editoci a matsayin maza, kuma suna kallon amsoshinsu a matsayin mafi mahimmanci fiye da idan ɗayan editan bai nuna bambancin jinsi ba . Binciken ya kammala da cewa: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shane-Simpson |first=Christina |last2=Gillespie-Lynch |first2=Kristen |date=January 2017 |title=Examining potential mechanisms underlying the Wikipedia gender gap through a collaborative editing task |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01612306/document |url-status=live |journal=[[Computers in Human Behavior]] |volume=66 |pages=312–328 |doi=10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.043 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104170109/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01612306/document |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref>   Wani bincike da Heather Ford da Judy Wajcman suka gudanar a shekarar 2017 ya lura cewa bincike kan nuna wariya ga jinsi na ci gaba da nuna cewa matsalar na cikin gibin mata. Sabanin haka, babban hujjarsu ta nuna cewa nazarin kayayyakin more rayuwa a fannin fasahar mata yana ba da damar a ɗauki nazarin jinsi zuwa wani mataki. Yana duba batutuwa uku a cikin kayayyakin more rayuwa: manufofin abun ciki, software, da kuma tsarin aiki na doka. Yana nuna cewa za a iya samun ci gaba ta hanyar canza wannan al'adar [[Tattalin arzikin ilimi|samar da ilimi]] ta hanyar ƙarfafa ilimi daban-daban, rage shingayen fasaha ga gyarawa, da kuma magance sarkakiyar manufofin Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ford |first=Heather |last2=Wajcman |first2=Judy |date=2017 |title='Anyone can edit', not everyone does: Wikipedia and the gender gap |url=https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/68675/ |url-status=live |journal=Social Studies of Science |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=511–527 |doi=10.1177/0306312717692172 |pmid=28791929 |s2cid=32835293 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228081909/https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/68675/ |archive-date=28 December 2016}}</ref> A cikin kasidarsu ta watan Fabrairun 2018, "Bututun Rashin Daidaito a Shiga ta Intanet: Shari'ar Gyaran Wikipedia", Shaw da Hargittai sun kammala daga bincikensu cewa magance matsalolin rashin daidaito a shiga ciki har da nuna wariya ga jinsi yana buƙatar mai da hankali kan batutuwa banda rashin daidaito. [1] Sun ba da shawarar a mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa mahalarta daga dukkan fannoni na ilimi, matakan ƙwarewa, da kuma shekaru don taimakawa Wikipedia ta inganta. Sun kuma ba da shawarar cewa sanar da ƙarin mata cewa Wikipedia kyauta ce ta gyarawa kuma a buɗe take ga kowa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen kawar da nuna wariya ga jinsi. [1] A watan Maris na 2018, masanin lissafi Marie A. Vitulli ta rubuta a cikin ''Sanarwar Ƙungiyar Lissafi ta Amurka'', "Kashi na mata masu gyara a Wikipedia ya kasance ƙasa sosai." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vitulli |first=Marie A. |date=March 2018 |title=Writing Women in Mathematics into Wikipedia |url=https://www.ams.org/journals/notices/201803/rnoti-p330.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Notices of the American Mathematical Society |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=330–334 |arxiv=1710.11103 |doi=10.1090/noti1650 |s2cid=119259241 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303142204/http://www.ams.org/journals/notices/201803/rnoti-p330.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2018 |access-date=11 October 2018 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, Noopur Raval, wanda ya yi digirin digirgir a UC Irvine, ya rubuta a cikin littafin "The Encyclopedia Must Fail!– Notes on Queering Wikipedia" cewa "yin dandamali a bude ba ya fassara zuwa daidaiton shiga, sauƙin shiga, ko karɓar al'adu na kafofin watsa labarai." [1] A shekarar 2017, masu bincike Matthew A. Vetter da Keon Mandell Pettiway sun ce rinjayen mazan fararen fata da na jinsi-jinsi a tsakanin editocin Wikipedia ya haifar da "share jinsi da asalin jinsi marasa tsari", ban da mata masu jinsi-jinsi, kuma "maganganun da ke tsakanin androcentric da heteronormative" na gyaran Wikipedia bai isa ya ba da damar "jinsi da asalin jinsi-jinsi masu bambanci su shiga cikin amfani da harshe da gina ilimi ba." [2] === Dalilai === [[File:Sue_Gardner_Feb_2013_portrait_crop_2.jpg|alt=Sue Gardner street portrait|left|thumb| Tsohuwar babbar daraktar Wikimedia Foundation, [[Sue Gardner|Sue Gardner,]] ta bayar da rahoto kan dalilai tara, wadanda mata masu gyara Wikipedia suka bayar, a cikin wani rubutu kan rashin mata masu gyara a Wikipedia. <ref name="Gardner110219">{{Cite web |last=Gardner |first=Sue |date=19 February 2011 |title=Nine Reasons Why Women Don't Edit Wikipedia, In Their Own Words |url=http://suegardner.org/2011/02/19/nine-reasons-why-women-dont-edit-wikipedia-in-their-own-words/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718103642/http://suegardner.org/2011/02/19/nine-reasons-why-women-dont-edit-wikipedia-in-their-own-words/ |archive-date=18 July 2015 |website=suegardner.org |type=blog}}</ref>]] Binciken Collier da Bear ya nuna cewa bambancin da ke tsakanin adadin gudummawar na iya faruwa ne saboda dalilai uku: (1) yawan rikice-rikice a cikin tattaunawa, (2) rashin son yanayi mai mahimmanci, da kuma (3) rashin kwarin gwiwa wajen gyara ayyukan wasu masu ba da gudummawa. <ref name="nytimes20jun2015">{{Cite web |last=Andrew Lih |date=20 June 2015 |title=Can Wikipedia Survive? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/21/opinion/can-wikipedia-survive.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621032208/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/21/opinion/can-wikipedia-survive.html |archive-date=21 June 2015 |access-date=21 June 2015 |website=www.nytimes.com |quote=...the considerable and often-noted gender gap among Wikipedia editors; in 2011, less than 15 percent were women.}}</ref> Wani sharhi da aka buga kan gibin jinsi a Wikipedia ya gano manyan rukunoni uku na waɗannan abubuwan a cikin adabin ilimi: 'matsalar mata' (zargin halayen mata), 'tasirin madubi' (zargin al'umma amma uzuri Wikipedia), da kuma 'matsalar tsari' (zargin al'ummar edita ta asali da maza suka mamaye). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ferran-Ferrer |first=Núria |last2=Boté-Vericad |first2=Juan-José |last3=Minguillón |first3=Julià |date=16 December 2023 |title=Wikipedia gender gap: a scoping review |url=https://revista.profesionaldelainformacion.com/index.php/EPI/article/view/87476/63565 |journal=El Profesional de la información |volume=32 |issue=6 |doi=10.3145/epi.2023.nov.17 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Jaridar New York Times ta nuna cewa yawan shigar mata a Wikipedia na iya yin daidai da sauran "dandalin jagoranci na jama'a". [1] Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2010 ya nuna cewa kashi 13 cikin 100 na mata a Wikipedia sun shiga cikin harkar, wanda aka lura cewa ya kusa da kashi 15 cikin 100 na dukkan mata a sauran "dandalolin jagoranci na jama'a". [1] [2] Sarah Stierch, wata mai bincike a Wikipedia, ta yarda cewa "abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare" ga masu bayar da gudummawa a Wikipedia su kasance ba sa bayyana jinsinsu. [3] Al'adar da ake ganin ba ta da maraba da ita da kuma jure wa kalaman tashin hankali da cin zarafi suma dalilai ne da aka gabatar na bambancin jinsi. [4] A cewar wani bincike na 2013, [5] wani dalili na gibin jinsi a Wikipedia shine gazawar jawo hankalin mata da kuma riƙe editocinsu, wanda hakan ke haifar da mummunan tasiri ga labaran Wikipedia. Haka kuma, Wikipedia "...masu gyara da suka bayyana kansu a matsayin mata suna fuskantar cin zarafi" daga wasu editocin Wikipedia. [6] Tsohuwar babbar daraktar Wikimedia Foundation [[Sue Gardner|, Sue Gardner,]] ta ambaci dalilai tara da ya sa mata ba sa gyara Wikipedia, wanda ya samo asali ne daga tsokaci daga mata [[Al'ummar Wikipedia|editocin Wikipedia]] : <ref name="Gardner110219" /> # Rashin sauƙin amfani a cikin hanyar gyara . # Rashin isasshen lokacin hutu . # Rashin amincewa da kai . # Ƙiyayya ga rikici da rashin son shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsawo. # Imani da cewa gudummawar da suka bayar za ta yi yawa a mayar da ita ko a goge ta. # Wasu suna ganin yanayinsa gaba ɗaya yana nuna ƙiyayya ga wasu . # Al'adar Wikipedia ta jima'i ce ta hanyoyin da ba su dace ba. # Ana kiran namiji da suna ba daidai ba ne ga matan da harshensu na asali yake da jinsi na nahawu . # Damar da ake da ita ta hulɗa da jama'a kaɗan ne kuma salon maraba ne idan aka kwatanta da sauran shafuka. Duk da cewa adadin masu karatu mata da maza a Wikipedia ya yi daidai da kashi (47%), mata ba su da yawan masu karatu (16%). Nazarce-nazarce da dama sun nuna cewa akwai wata al'ada da aka kafa a Wikipedia wadda ke hana mata shiga. [1] [2] Lam da abokan aikinsa sun danganta wannan al'ada da rashin daidaito a cikin batutuwa masu mahimmanci tsakanin maza da mata da aka wakilta kuma aka gyara, yanayin da mata masu amfani da su ke da shi na ƙara himma a fannoni na zamantakewa da al'umma na Wikipedia, da kuma ƙaruwar yiwuwar cewa sabbin editocin mata za su koma ga gyare-gyare, da/ko kuma cewa labaran da ke da yawan editocin mata sun fi zama masu jayayya. [1] An kuma danganta wannan batu da ra'ayoyin jama'a game da yadda bayanai da bayanai ya kamata su kasance. Tunda Wikipedia tana da tsammanin "ƙwararre", [ana buƙatar hujja] marubuta Joan Schwartz da Terry Cook sun ce ƙa'idodin ƙwararru galibi ana ƙirƙira su ne ta hanyar mizanin abin da ƙungiyoyin siyasa masu rinjaye ke jin daɗi, kuma suna shafar mata da mutanen launin fata fiye da maza. [1] Sau da yawa takaddama game da ikon hukumomi yana da mahimmanci a tattauna yayin tantance ko ya kamata a yi jayayya kan gabatarwa ko a'a. A shekarar 2019, Schlomit Aharoni Lir ta bayyana tsarin "mummunan da'irar", inda ta nuna yadda matakai biyar na mummunan suna, rashin suna, tsoro, wariya da kin amincewa - ke inganta juna, ta yadda mata ba za su iya bayar da gudummawa ga gidan yanar gizon ba. Domin mata da yawa su shiga Wikipedia, mai binciken ya bayar da shawarar dasa "Da'irar Nagarta" wacce ta ƙunshi rashin suna, alaƙa da kafofin sada zumunta, manufofin haɗa kai, gogewa mai laushi da cin zarafi mai nuna alama. [1] A cikin Rahoton Daidaito Jinsi na Wikimedia a shekarar 2018, kashi 14% na waɗanda aka yi hira da su sun gano rashin lafiyar al'umma {{Efn|A term meaning the opposite of [[community well-being]], with respect to the Wikipedia [[online community]].}} a matsayin babban ƙalubale wajen zama edita a Wikipedia. A cikin binciken, an bayyana lafiyar al'umma a matsayin [[Cin-zarafi|cin zarafi]], rashin goyon bayan aikin daidaito tsakanin jinsi da kuma rashin bambancin shugabanci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender equity report 2018/Barriers to equity - Meta |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gender_equity_report_2018/Barriers_to_equity |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=meta.wikimedia.org |language=en}}</ref> Bayan duba shaidun da suka kama daga ƙananan hare-hare zuwa hare-hare kai tsaye, Hukumar Amintattu ta Wikipedia ta kaɗa ƙuri'a a watan Mayu na 2020 don ɗaukar tsarin daidaitawa na yau da kullun don yaƙi da cin zarafi da kuma kiyaye ƙa'idodin al'umma na Wikipedia. An bai wa gidauniyar aikin kammala daftarin wannan shirin kafin ƙarshen shekarar 2020, kuma zai haɗa da haramtawa masu amfani da ke shiga cikin cin zarafin jinsi, samar da tallafi da al'ummomi ga dukkan jinsi, saka ƙarin albarkatu a cikin Ƙungiyar Amincewa da Tsaro, da ƙari. [1] [ yana buƙatar sabuntawa ] Collier da Bear a shekarar 2012 sun taƙaita dalilin da yasa mata ke yin shinge a Wikipedia da kalmomi uku: rikici, suka da amincewa. Marubutan sun ba da shawarar cewa "Idan al'umma ta jure wa al'adar rikici da maza ke ganin kawai 'masu gasa' ne ko kuma masu wayo da kuma yin barkwanci, to za su iya rasa fa'idodi da dama da mata masu bayar da gudummawa za su iya kawowa a teburin tattaunawa." [1] Suka tana nufin rashin son mata su gyara aikin wani da kuma barin wani ya gyara aikinsu; kwarin gwiwa yana nuna cewa mata galibi ba sa da kwarin gwiwa sosai game da ƙwarewarsu da iyawarsu wajen gyara da kuma bayar da gudummawa ga wani aiki. [1] Manufar Wikipedia ta kyauta don gyarawa tana ba wa masu amfani da dandamali mai buɗewa, amma masu bincike sun ba da shawarar cewa yanayin gasa da mahimmanci na iya iyakance kwarin gwiwar mata na shiga. [1] Ta hanyar nazarin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na Wikipedia, Ford da Wajcman sun nuna wani dalili da zai iya ƙarfafa wariyar jinsi a Wikipedia. Gyara a Wikipedia yana buƙatar "takamaiman nau'ikan ƙwarewar zamantakewa da iko waɗanda suka ƙunshi ilimin ko tsarin ilimin halittu na Wikipedia". [1] Ana ɗaukar mutanen da ke da wannan ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa a matsayin waɗanda za su iya samun matsayi mai ƙarfi a Wikipedia. An yi hasashen cewa waɗannan galibi maza ne. [1] Bugu da ƙari, yayin da suke nazarin tsarin manufofin Wikipedia dalla-dalla, masu binciken sun kammala da cewa sarkakiyar da ke tattare da shi da kuma tushen shari'a suna ba wa wasu masu amfani babban tasiri a muhawarar abun ciki. Wannan rinjayen zai iya raba waɗanda ba su da masaniya game da waɗannan bayanai, musamman yana hana mata da sabbin mahalarta shiga. [1] Misali na asusun kai tsaye na nuna bambanci na jinsi ya fito ne daga mai amfani da Wikipedia Lightbreather, inda ta ba da labarin samun hotunan batsa da ke da alaƙa da sunanta na mai amfani a matsayin hanyar lalata gudummawar da ta bayar a Wikipedia.<ref name="PalingAtlantic">{{Cite web |last=Paling |first=Emma |date=21 October 2015 |title=Wikipedia's Hostility to Women |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/10/how-wikipedia-is-hostile-to-women/411619/ |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=The Atlantic |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da haka, akwai cin zarafi ga mutanen [[Mutanen LGBTQ|LGBT]] . Waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'umma galibi ana cin zarafin su idan aka bayyana asalinsu a bainar jama'a. Misali, wani mai gudanarwa a shafin Wikipedia ya toshe wani edita, kawai saboda sunan mai amfani na mutumin ya nuna cewa shi wani ɓangare ne na al'ummar LGBT. == Nuna bambanci tsakanin jinsi a cikin abun ciki == A cikin 2016, Wagner da abokan aikinsa [1] sun gano cewa rashin daidaiton jinsi yana bayyana kansa a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin tarihin rayuwar Wikipedia ta hanyoyi da yawa, gami da rashin daidaiton iyaka don haɗa wani labarin kan mutum, son kai na yau da kullun, son kai na harshe, da rashin daidaiton tsari. Marubutan sun gano cewa mata masu tarihin rayuwa a Wikipedia sun fi maza shahara, kuma sun gabatar da wasu bayanai guda uku da za a iya bayarwa game da bincike na gaba: 1) cewa editoci sun fi rubuta game da jinsinsu, 2) cewa maza sun fi rubuta labarai game da kansu, da kuma 3) cewa kafofin waje suna sa mata ba su bayyana ba. [1] Dangane da son zuciya a fannin yau da kullum, tarihin rayuwar mata ya fi mayar da hankali kan batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, jinsi, da kuma dangantaka. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga tarihin rayuwar mata da aka haifa kafin shekarar 1900. Marubutan sun kuma gano bambance-bambancen tsari dangane da meta-data da hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo, waɗanda ke da sakamako ga ayyukan neman bayanai. === Ƙirƙirar da goge labarin === Of the 1,960,452 biographical articles on the English Wikipedia in September 2023, only 385,236 or 19.65% were about women. A watan Yulin 2006, Stacy Schiff ta rubuta wani kasida ''a New Yorker'' game da Wikipedia mai taken "Ku San Duk". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schiff |first=Stacy |date=24 July 2006 |title=Know It All |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all}}</ref> An ƙirƙiri labarin Wikipedia game da ita a ranar ɗaya. A cewar Timothy Noah, a bayyane yake ba ta shahara a ƙa'idodin Wikipedia ba, duk da lashe kyautar Guggenheim da Pulitzer Prize shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. An nuna rubutunta da labarinta game da ita a cikin WikiProject don magance son zuciya na tsarin . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2021 |title=Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias#Selection_based_on_notability_of_article_topics |access-date=4 February 2021 |website=Wikipedia |language=en}}</ref> A cikin Wikipedia ta Turanci da wasu bugu biyar na harsuna da masu bincike suka yi nazari a kansu, rabon labarai game da mata da labarai game da maza ya fi na sauran bayanai uku. Duk da haka, bincike da aka yi da ilimin harsunan kwamfuta ya kammala da cewa yadda aka bayyana mata da maza a cikin labaran yana nuna son kai, tare da labaran da suka shafi mata sun fi amfani da kalmomi da suka shafi jinsi da iyali. Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa wannan alama ce da editocin Wikipedia ke ɗaukar namiji a matsayin "jinsi mara komai" (a wata ma'anar, ana ɗauka cewa "namiji" sai dai idan an ƙayyade shi ta wata hanya, misali na namiji a matsayin al'ada ). [1] Wani suka da aka yi wa tsarin Wikipedia, daga wani editan jaridar Guardian na 2014, shi ne cewa yana da wahalar yanke hukunci game da "abin da ke da muhimmanci". Domin kwatanta wannan batu, sun lura cewa shafin da ke nuna 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na batsa ya fi tsari fiye da shafin da ke nuna mata marubuta . [2] Mujallar Sadarwa ta Duniya ta buga bincike da Reagle da Lauren Rhue suka yi wanda ya yi nazari kan labaran da aka bayar, wakilcin jinsi, da tsawon labarin dubban batutuwa na tarihin rayuwa a Wikipedia ta Ingilishi da Encyclopædia Britannica ta yanar gizo (har zuwa watan Yunin 2010). Sun kammala da cewa Wikipedia ta samar da ingantaccen bayani da kuma dogon labarai gabaɗaya, cewa Wikipedia yawanci tana da labarai da yawa kan mata fiye da Britannica a zahiri, amma labaran Wikipedia kan mata sun fi ɓacewa fiye da labaran maza dangane da Britannica . Wato, Wikipedia ta mamaye Britannica a tarihin rayuwarta, amma fiye da haka idan ana maganar maza. Hakazalika, mutum zai iya cewa Britannica ta fi daidaito a cikin waɗanda ta yi sakaci da rufewa fiye da Wikipedia. Ga dukkan ayyukan tunani, tsawon labarin bai bambanta ba dangane da jinsi. [1] Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2023 ta amfani da Wikidata don auna abubuwan da ke ciki ya gano cewa Britannica, wacce ta ƙunshi tarihin rayuwa 50,479, ta ƙunshi 5,999 daga cikinsu game da mata, kimanin kashi 11.88%. Binciken ya kwatanta adadi da kashi 18.22% na tarihin rayuwa a cikin ayyukan Wikimedia waɗanda mata ne, yana ambaton bayanan 2021. [2] Wani bincike da masu bincike daga Jami'ar Minnesota da wasu jami'o'i uku suka gudanar a shekarar 2011 ya gano cewa labaran da mata suka gyara, "wadanda ake kyautata zaton sun fi jan hankalin mata", sun "yi gajeru sosai" a matsakaici fiye da na maza ko kuma na maza da mata. [3] [4] [[File:A_side-by-side_comparison_of_the_portion_of_available_biographies_about_women_on_Wikipedia_versus_the_portion_of_women_biographies_nominated_for_deletion_from_January_2017_to_February_2020.gif|thumb| Kwatanta ɓangaren tarihin rayuwa game da mata a Wikipedia idan aka kwatanta da ɓangaren tarihin rayuwa na mata da aka zaɓa don gogewa daga Janairu 2017 zuwa Fabrairu 2020, Francesca Tripodi]] A watan Oktoban 2018, lokacin da Donna Strickland ta lashe kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, rubuce-rubuce da dama sun ambaci cewa ba ta da shafin Wikipedia a baya. An gabatar da daftarin aiki, amma an ƙi amincewa da shi saboda rashin nuna "muhimman bayanai (ba kawai ambaton ambato ba) game da batun". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Nicola |date=2 October 2018 |title=Nobel physics prize winners include first female laureate for 55 years – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2018/oct/02/nobel-prize-in-physics-2018-live |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226083859/https://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2018/oct/02/nobel-prize-in-physics-2018-live |archive-date=26 February 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A cewar wani bincike da masanin ilimin zamantakewa Francesca Tripodi ya gudanar a shekarar 2021, an zabi tarihin rayuwar mata a Wikipedia a matsayin wadanda ba a san su sosai ba. <ref name="Tripodi2021">{{Cite journal |last=Tripodi |first=Francesca |year=2021 |title=Ms. Categorized: Gender, notability, and inequality on Wikipedia |journal=New Media & Society |language=en |volume=25 |issue=7 |pages=1687–1707 |doi=10.1177/14614448211023772 |issn=1461-4448 |s2cid=237883867 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Nazarin 2024 na {{Interlanguage link|Khandaker Tasnim Huq}} da {{Interlanguage link|Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia}} A shafin Wikipedia da ke magana da Turanci, an kuma nuna cewa an samu nasarar share sunayen mata da kashi 34% cikin sauri bayan an ƙirƙiri tarihin rayuwar mata fiye da bayan an ƙirƙiri tarihin rayuwar maza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Khandaker Tasnim Huq |last2=Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia |date=20 June 2024 |title=Gender Gap in Wikipedia: Are Women Vanishing Soon? |url=https://wikiworkshop.org/papers/gender-gap-in-wikipedia-are-notable-women-vanishing-soon.pdf}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Ganuwa ga labarin === Wani bincike da Claudia Wagner ta jagoranta a shekarar 2016 ya nuna cewa tarihin rayuwar mata a Wikipedia a Turanci ba a bayyane yake ba kamar tarihin rayuwar maza, kuma ya kammala da cewa wannan bambanci ya samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa al'umma tana haɗa labaran maza da kyau. [1] A shekarar 2023, wani bincike da Akhil Arora, Robert West da Martin Gerlach suka gudanar ya nuna cewa tarihin rayuwar mata ya fi yawa a cikin labaran marayu (labaran da ba za a iya samun damarsu ta wasu labarai ba): a cikin Wikipedia ta Ingilishi, mata suna wakiltar kashi 19% na tarihin rayuwa, amma kuma suna wakiltar kashi 29% na tarihin rayuwa marayu. [2] Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya nuna cewa kayan marayu ba a ganinsu sosai fiye da sauran. [2] === Abubuwan da ke cikin labarin === Duk da cewa yawancin hankali ya ta'allaka ne akan gibin da ke tsakanin tarihin rayuwar maza da mata a Wikipedia, wasu bincike sun kuma mayar da hankali kan ilimin harsuna da bambance-bambancen da ke cikin batutuwan da aka tattauna. A shekarar 2020, Ƙungiyar Nazarin Harsunan Kwamfuta ta gudanar da nazarin rubutu game da nuna wariya ga jinsi a cikin labaran Wikipedia. Binciken ya gano cewa labaran da suka shafi mata sun ƙunshi ƙarin jimloli masu alaƙa da jinsi kamar "masanin kimiyya mace" yayin da ake ambaton maza ta amfani da kalmomi masu alaƙa da jinsi kamar "masanin kimiyya". Binciken ya kammala da cewa nuna wariya ga jinsi gaba ɗaya yana raguwa ga kimiyya da labarai masu da hankali kan iyali, yayin da yake ƙaruwa ga abubuwan fasaha da ƙirƙira. [1] [2] Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2015 ya gano cewa, a Wikipedia ta Ingilishi, kalmar "saki" ta bayyana fiye da sau huɗu a cikin labaran tarihin rayuwa game da mata fiye da maza. A cewar Gidauniyar Wikimedia, "Ba mu san dalili sosai ba, amma wataƙila abubuwa da yawa ne, ciki har da yadda ake bayyana rayuwar mata ta hanyar dangantakarsu da maza a tarihi". <ref name="kmaher" /> Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2020 kan rahotannin shugabannin manyan kamfanoni na Fortune 1000 ya gano cewa akwai nuna wariya ga mata a fannin jinsi. Binciken ya binciki gudummawar da aka samu daga sabbin editoci da waɗanda suka fi ƙwarewa kuma ya gano cewa sabbin editoci sun fi gabatar da bayanai da suka shafi mata, amma masu amfani da suka daɗe suna ramawa fiye da kima idan suka mayar da martani ga waɗannan gyare-gyaren. An gano cewa labaran da ƙungiyar editoci masu tasowa da suka bambanta suka rubuta sun fi nuna rashin daidaito. [1] Mutane masu canza jinsi da waɗanda ba su da bambancin jinsi biyu suna fuskantar cin zarafi kan bambancin jinsi a Wikipedia. Misali, idan shahararrun mutane suka fito a matsayin masu canza jinsi, galibi ana nuna musu wariya kuma ana gabatar da karin magana a kansu don muhawara. Misalai masu kyau na waɗannan muhawara sun haɗa da Chelsea Manning a shekarar 2013 da Caitlyn Jenner a shekarar 2015, lokacin da aka lalata sunayensu da suka ayyana kansu kuma aka koma ga sunayensu na baya. [1] Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2021 ya gano cewa labaran da suka shafi mata masu canza jinsi da mutanen da ba su da jinsi biyu suna da kaso mafi girma na labarinsu da aka keɓe ga sashin "Rayuwar Kai", wanda galibi ke mai da hankali kan asalin jinsin mutumin: "Ma'anar cewa asalin jinsi wata siffa ce mai mahimmanci ga waɗannan ƙungiyoyin wataƙila tana nuna 'ɓarɓarewa', inda ake bambanta mutane ko kuma ana yi musu lakabi da waɗanda ba su dace da ƙa'idar zamantakewa ba, wanda galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin mahallin jinsi ko yanayin jima'i". [2] A wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2022, an gano cewa labaran da maza suka rubuta sun fi yawa fiye da na mata. Bugu da ƙari, wallafe-wallafen da mata suka zama manyan marubuta ba su da yawa da za a iya ambaton su a Wikipedia. Bayanin da marubutan suka bayar game da wannan shine homophily, wanda shine ra'ayin cewa mutane suna fifita wasu mutane ko aiki irin nasu. Wannan na iya bayyana son zuciya da aka yi amfani da shi wajen ambato saboda galibin editocin Wikipedia maza ne, don haka suna iya fifita wallafe-wallafen maza. [1] == Martani == Wasu masana ilimi da 'yan jarida sun soki Wikipedia saboda kasancewarta mafi yawan maza masu bayar da gudummawa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reagle |first=Joseph |author-link=Joseph Reagle |date=7 January 2013 |title='Free as in sexist?': Free culture and the gender gap |url=http://firstmonday.org/article/view/4291/3381 |journal=[[First Monday (journal)|First Monday]] |volume=18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520205049/http://firstmonday.org/article/view/4291/3381 |archive-date=20 May 2015 |access-date=10 October 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2013 |title=Joseph Reagle on the gender gap in geek culture |url=http://surprisinglyfree.com/2013/02/26/joseph-reagle-2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015917/http://surprisinglyfree.com/2013/02/26/joseph-reagle-2/ |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=10 October 2015 |website=Surprisingly Free}}</ref> da kuma rashin samun labarai masu yawa game da mata ko batutuwa masu mahimmanci ga mata. A lokacin da take rubuta wa ''Slate'' a shekarar 2011, mai sharhi kan siyasa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Heather Mac Donald ta kira rashin daidaiton jinsi a Wikipedia a matsayin "ba matsala ba wajen neman mafita mara kyau". Mac Donald ya yi iƙirarin cewa, "Bayani mafi sauƙi game da bambancin yawan shiga cikin Wikipedia - da kuma wanda ya dace da ƙwarewar yau da kullun - shine, a matsakaici, maza da mata suna da sha'awa daban-daban da kuma hanyoyin da suka fi so na yin amfani da lokacin hutunsu". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mac Donald |first=Heather |date=9 February 2011 |title=Wikipedia Is Male-Dominated. That Doesn't Mean It's Sexist. |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2011/02/wikipedia_is_maledominated_that_doesnt_mean_its_sexist.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107205929/http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2011/02/wikipedia_is_maledominated_that_doesnt_mean_its_sexist.html |archive-date=7 January 2015 |access-date=7 January 2015 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, [[Sue Gardner]], babbar darakta ta Gidauniyar Wikimedia a lokacin, ta ce game da gibin da ke tsakanin jinsi, "Ban warware shi ba. Ba mu warware shi ba. Gidauniyar Wikimedia ba ta magance shi ba. Maganin ba zai fito daga Gidauniyar Wikimedia ba." <ref name="Huang130811">{{Cite web |last=Huang |first=Keira |date=11 August 2013 |title=Wikipedia fails to bridge gender gap |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1295872/wikipedia-fails-bridge-gender-gap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115195821/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1295872/wikipedia-fails-bridge-gender-gap |archive-date=15 January 2016 |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, [[Jimmy Wales|Jimmy Wales,]] wanda ya kafa Wikipedia, ya sanar a wata hira da BBC game da shirin Gidauniyar Wikimedia na "ninki biyu" kan gibin da ke tsakanin jinsi da mata a Wikipedia. Wales ta ce Gidauniyar za ta kasance a buɗe ga ƙarin masu amfani da ita da kuma ƙarin sauye-sauyen software. A cikin littafin Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men, Caroline Criado Perez ta lura cewa shafukan Wikipedia da yawa waɗanda ke nuni ga ƙungiyoyin maza ko ayyukansu an jera su a matsayin marasa jinsi ( ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Ingila ), yayin da shafukan ƙungiyoyi ko ayyuka makamantan su ga mata an yi su ne musamman ga jinsi ( ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta mata ta Ingila ).<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Caroline Criado Perez}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, an yi wa Wikipedia kallon "mai nuna son kai na editocinta na al'umma."  A shekarar 2025, Núria Ferran-Ferrer, Farfesa kuma Wakilin Rector na Jagorancin Sashen Daidaito na Jami'ar Universitat de Barcelona (UB), ta kira nuna wariya ga jinsi a Wikipedia "tsari ne" kuma "tsawon shekaru goma", inda ta hada bincike don bayyana dalilin da ya sa irin wannan nuna wariya ta faru . Ferran-Ferrer ya gabatar da wasu abubuwa da za su iya taimakawa wajen magance matsalar: ƙarin editocin mata, bambancin ra'ayi tsakanin masu ba da gudummawa, ingantaccen watsa labarai game da mata a manyan kafofin watsa labarai, jagororin edita masu sauƙin samu, da kuma al'adar maraba da ƙarfafawa ga sabbin editoci. [1] == Kokarin magance wariya tsakanin jinsi == [[File:Giants_in_the_field_of_Women_in_the_Arts_2.jpg|alt=Refer to caption|thumb| Mahalarta taron gyara fasaha na mata na shekarar 2013 a Washington, DC]] === Gidauniyar Wikimedia === Gidauniyar Wikimedia ta dage a hukumance, tun akalla shekarar 2011 lokacin da Gardner ke matsayin babban darakta, cewa akwai nuna wariya ga jinsi a cikin aikin. An yi wasu yunƙurin magance matsalar amma Gardner ya nuna takaicinsa game da matakin nasarar da aka samu. Ta kuma lura cewa "a cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin hutu da mata ke da shi, sun fi shiga cikin ayyukan zamantakewa maimakon gyara Wikipedia. 'Mata suna ganin fasaha a matsayin kayan aiki da suke amfani da shi don cimma ayyuka, maimakon wani abu mai daɗi a cikin kanta. ' [1] [2] A cikin 2011, Gidauniyar ta kafa burin samun kashi 25 cikin 100 na masu ba da gudummawa su gane a matsayin mata nan da 2015. [3] A watan Agusta na 2013, Gardner ya ce, "Ban warware shi ba. Ba mu warware shi ba. Gidauniyar Wikimedia ba ta warware shi ba. Maganin ba zai fito daga Gidauniyar Wikimedia ba." [1] A shekarar 2017, Gidauniyar Wikimedia ta ware tallafin dala $500,000 don gina yanayi mai ƙarfafa gwiwa ga bambancin ra'ayi a Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2016-2017 Fundraising Report - Wikimedia Foundation Governance Wiki |url=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/2016-2017_Fundraising_Report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401042716/https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/2016-2017_Fundraising_Report |archive-date=1 April 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |website=foundation.wikimedia.org}}</ref> An ce VisualEditor, wani aiki da Gidauniyar Wikimedia ta dauki nauyin gudanarwa wanda ke ba da damar yin gyare-gyare irin na WYSIWYG a Wikipedia, an yi shi ne a wani ɓangare don rage gibin da ke tsakanin jinsi da mata. <ref name="Slate Middleton">{{Cite journal |last=Bosch |first=Torie |date=13 July 2012 |title=Kate Middleton's wedding gown and Wikipedia's gender gap. |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/07/13/kate_middleton_s_wedding_gown_and_wikipedia_s_gender_gap_.html |url-status=live |journal=Slate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203174753/http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/07/13/kate_middleton_s_wedding_gown_and_wikipedia_s_gender_gap_.html |archive-date=3 December 2014 |access-date=4 December 2014}}</ref> Godiya ga tallafin Wikimedia Foundation, a watan Maris na 2021 an fitar da wani nau'in alpha na Humaniki, wanda ke ba da nau'ikan kididdigar gibin jinsi iri-iri bisa ga [[Wikidata]] . Ana sabunta kididdigar ta atomatik yayin da aka samar da sabbin bayanai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2021 |title=Humaniki March Update: Public Launch of Alpha Release |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/03/15/humaniki-march-update-public-launch-of-alpha-release/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |publisher=Wikimedia}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, Asusun Bincike na Wikimedia ya ba da tallafin wani aiki na shekara guda mai suna " [[Cover Women]] ". Yana nazarin yadda ake nuna mata da ƙungiyoyin da aka ware a babban shafin Wikipedia. Mutane da yawa, musamman mata a fannin ilimi, suna ƙirƙirar muƙaloli na masana kimiyya mata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-24 |title=Enhancing Representational Equity on Wikipedia {{!}} Omnia |url=https://omnia.sas.upenn.edu/story/heather-sharkey-enhancing-representational-equity-on-wikipedia |access-date=2026-09-13 |website=omnia.sas.upenn.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2026, masana ilmin halittu mata a cibiyoyin ilimi a Amurka yanzu sun fi samun damar shiga shafin Wikipedia fiye da takwarorinsu maza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia’s gender gap has flipped for one group of scientists |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/wikipedia-s-gender-gap-has-flipped-one-group-scientists |access-date=2026-09-13 |website=www.science.org |language=en}}</ref> === Kokarin da masu amfani ke jagoranta === An shirya shirye-shiryen gyara na musamman don ƙara yawan labaran mata a Wikipedia da kuma ƙarfafa mata su gyara Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stoeffel |date=11 February 2014 |title=Closing Wikipedia's Gender Gap – Reluctantly |url=https://nymag.com/thecut/2014/02/closing-wikipedias-gender-gap-reluctantly.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902160836/http://nymag.com/thecut/2014/02/closing-wikipedias-gender-gap-reluctantly.html |archive-date=2 September 2014 |access-date=27 August 2014 |website=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]}}</ref> Gidauniyar Wikimedia ce ke tallafawa waɗannan tarurrukan, wanda wani lokacin ke ba da masu ba da shawara da fasaha don taimakawa wajen jagorantar sabbin editoci ta hanyar wannan tsari. Wasu misalai na gyaran da aka mayar da hankali kan takamaiman batutuwa sun haɗa da masana kimiyyar jijiyoyi mata 'yan Australiya da mata a tarihin Yahudawa . <ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Kleeman |first=Jenny |date=26 May 2016 |title=The Wikipedia wars: does it matter if our biggest source of knowledge is written by men? |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/lifestyle/2015/05/wikipedia-has-colossal-problem-women-dont-edit-it |access-date=26 June 2020 |website=www.newstatesman.com |language=en}}</ref> Wani shiri na farko na ƙirƙirar sararin "mata kaɗai" ga editocin Wikipedia a farkon 2015 ya fuskanci adawa sosai daga masu amfani da Wikipedia. <ref name="PalingAtlantic" /> Wasu masu amfani sun yi ƙoƙarin yaƙi da wannan wuri da maza suka mamaye ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyin tallafi ga mata masu amfani da Wikipedia, ɗaya daga cikinsu shine Ƙungiyar Masu Amfani da WikiWomen. <ref>{{Cite web |title=WikiWomen's User Group - Meta |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiWomen%27s_User_Group |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=meta.wikimedia.org |language=en}}</ref>  Wannan rukunin ba wai kawai ana amfani da shi don tallata mata wajen gyara da bayar da gudummawa a kan ƙarin shafuka ba, har ma don ƙara ƙarin shafuka game da mata waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga al'umma gabaɗaya. An ƙaddamar da aikin Wikipedia Teahouse da nufin samar da yanayi mai sauƙin amfani ga sabbin shiga, tare da takamaiman burin ƙara wa mata shiga cikin Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Tea & Sympathy: Crafting Positive New User Experiences on Wikipedia |url=http://dub.washington.edu/pubs/364 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209213415/http://dub.washington.edu/pubs/364 |archive-date=9 February 2015 |website=washington.edu |publisher=Proc. CSCW '13, 23–27 February 2013, San Antonio, Texas, USA}}</ref> A lokacin bazara na shekarar 2015, an ƙaddamar da WikiProject [[Women in Red]] a kan sigar Ingilishi ta Wikipedia, inda aka mai da hankali kan ƙirƙirar sabbin labarai game da mata masu shahara. Galibi ta hanyar gyaran da ake yi a kowane wata ta hanyar intanet, Women in Red tana ƙarfafa editoci su shiga cikin faɗaɗa ayyukan Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=Improving gender balance on Wikipedia |url=http://www.rsc.org/news-events/community/2017/aug/wikithon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012125221/http://www.rsc.org/news-events/community/2017/aug/wikithon/ |archive-date=12 October 2017 |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry}}</ref> Godiya ga ƙoƙarin wannan aikin, zuwa watan Yunin 2018 an ƙara wasu sabbin tarihin rayuwar mata 17,000 a cikin Wikipedia. Yawancin Wikiprojects sun himmatu wajen tallata gudummawar editoci kan nazarin jinsi da mata, wanda ya haɗa da " mata WikiProject, WikiProject feminism, WikiProject nazarin jinsi, da kuma WikiProject da ke yaƙi da son zuciya/rabon jinsi ". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kennedy |first=K. |year=2017 |title=Why women should be editing Wikipedia |journal=Women's Studies Journal |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=94–99 |issn=0112-4099 |oclc=14929028}}</ref> Faɗaɗawa fiye da jinsi biyu na maza/mata, Wikiproject LGBT yana ƙirƙirar sarari don "sake/rubuta haɗa da wakilcin al'adun LGBTQ cikin babban yankin Wikipedia". <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Matthew |first=Vetter |last2=Pettiway |first2=Keon |date=20 November 2018 |title=Hacking Hetero/Normative Logics: Queer Feminist Media Praxis in Wikipedia |url=https://tcjournal.org/vol7/hacking-hetero-normative-logics |url-status=live |journal=Technoculture |volume=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014030646/https://tcjournal.org/vol7/hacking-hetero-normative-logics |archive-date=14 October 2019 |access-date=14 October 2019}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, wata mai shirya gyara-a-thon mai suna [[Sarah Osborne Bender]] ta yi wa ''[[The Guardian|jaridar The Guardian]]'' bayani kan yadda maza ke cire shafukan Wikipedia game da shugabannin mata. "Na rubuta wani labari a Wikipedia game da wata mace mai tallan kayan tarihi, washegari kuma na sami saƙo yana cewa an goge shi saboda ba 'mutum ce mai daraja' ba, amma wani a cikin al'ummarmu ya ba ni shawara kan yadda zan gyara shi don shafin ya ci gaba da kasancewa". Wani littafi da aka buga a watan Mayun 2026 wanda aka nuna a cikin Proceedings of the Royal Society ya ruwaito cewa, a cikin ƙidayar masana ilmin halitta mata da maza waɗanda ke da alaƙa da sassan dukkan jami'o'in R1 na Amurka, mata ba su da "ƙarancin bayyanar su a dandamali fiye da takwarorinsu maza har zuwa 2018", amma yanayin ya koma baya a 2022, kuma "mata sun fi maza samun tarihin rayuwarsu da kashi 25%". Bugu da ƙari, tarihin rayuwar mata a cikin ƙidayar jama'a ya fi na maza tsayi. Marubutan wannan littafin sun lura cewa "daga cikin tarihin rayuwar mata 163 da aka ƙirƙira tun 2015, editocin Wikipedia 78 ne suka ƙirƙira waɗanda ke da alaƙa da aikin Women in Red, editocin 16 ne suka ƙirƙira waɗanda ke da alaƙa da aikin Women in Red (duk da haka, 14 daga cikinsu mutane ne suka ƙirƙira su waɗanda suma ɓangare ne na aikin Women in Red), kuma 13 daga cikinsu ɗalibai ne da aka yi wa rijista a matsayin ɗaliban da suka yi rajista a kwasa-kwasan jami'a waɗanda ke buƙatar/ƙarfafa gwiwa su ba da gudummawa ga Wikipedia." [1] Wani littafi da aka buga a watan Agusta na 2026 ya mayar da hankali kan labaran masana Jamusawa a Wikipedia ta Jamus kuma ya gano cewa farfesoshi mata da alama suna da "damar samun tarihin rayuwar Wikipedia fiye da takwarorinsu maza", tare da tasirin da aka mayar da hankali a fannin STEM . Marubutan sun kuma lura cewa "faɗaɗɗun hanyoyin sadarwa na ƙwararru na iya yin tasiri kai tsaye ga tarihin rayuwar Wikipedia, yayin da suke ƙara yiwuwar a nuna su a matsayin wani ɓangare na kamfen ɗin gyara Wikipedia", yayin da suka lura cewa farfesoshi mata za su iya amfana daga shirye-shiryen da suka himmatu wajen rubuta tarihin rayuwa game da mata a Wikipedia, gami da ayyukan FemNetz da WomenEdit a Berlin, da kuma ƙungiyar "Wanene ke rubuta tarihin rayuwarsa?" a Switzerland . [1] === Jess Wade === A shekarar 2022, wani labari a mujallar <nowiki><i id="mwAz0">VICE</i></nowiki> ya yi cikakken bayani kan yadda Jessica Wade ta ƙirƙiri fiye da rubuce-rubuce 1,700 na Wikipedia kan mata masana kimiyya tun daga shekarar 2017 ga mata da yawa waɗanda ba a lura da gudummawarsu ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Arman |date=18 November 2022 |title=I've Made More Than 1,700 Wikipedia Entries on Women Scientists and I'm Not Yet Done |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/wikipedia-pages-women-scientists-jessica-wade-stem/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |website=Vice.com |language=en}}</ref> Wade ya bayar da babbar gudummawa ga wani kamfen na Wikipedia wanda ke ƙarfafa ƙirƙirar labaran Wikipedia game da fitattun mata masu ilimi, domin haɓaka abin koyi ga mata a cikin STEM. <ref name="1Cxjc">{{Cite web |last= |year=2017 |title=Jess Wade – CSHL WiSE |url=http://cshlwise.org/wise-wednesdays/jess-wade/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820110414/http://cshlwise.org/wise-wednesdays/jess-wade/ |archive-date=20 August 2020 |access-date=18 June 2018 |website=cshlwise.org |publisher=[[Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory]] Harbour |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name="cnn">{{Cite web |last=Zdanowicz |first=Christina |year=2018 |title=A physicist has written more than 280 Wikipedia entries to elevate women in science |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/27/health/scientist-women-wikipedia-entries-trnd/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123225217/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/27/health/scientist-women-wikipedia-entries-trnd/index.html |archive-date=23 November 2020 |access-date=27 July 2018 |website=cnn.com |publisher=CNN |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wade ya ƙirƙiri sabbin labarai na tarihin rayuwa a Wikipedia don ɗaga martabar mata a STEM. <ref name="tnw" /> <ref name="pride">{{Cite web |last=Zane |first=Zachary |date=2 January 2019 |title=This Scientist Is Updating Wikipedia with Women, POC, & LGBTQ+ History |url=https://www.pride.com/news/2019/1/02/scientist-updating-wikipedia-women-poc-lgbtq-history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820105152/https://www.pride.com/news/2019/1/02/scientist-updating-wikipedia-women-poc-lgbtq-history |archive-date=20 August 2020 |access-date=2 January 2019 |website=pride.com}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2020, ta rubuta tarihin rayuwa sama da 900 a Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2020 |title=Physicist writes 900 Wikipedia entries to boost diversity in science |url=https://www.itv.com/news/2020-02-11/physicist-writes-900-wikipedia-entries-to-boost-diversity-in-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527160929/https://www.itv.com/news/2020-02-11/physicist-writes-900-wikipedia-entries-to-boost-diversity-in-science/ |archive-date=27 May 2020 |access-date=13 February 2020 |website=ITV News |language=en}}</ref> Zuwa watan Janairun 2021, wannan adadi ya karu zuwa 1,200. Zuwa watan Fabrairun 2024, ya wuce 2,100. A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2019, jaridar Washington Post ta buga wani rubutu mai taken "Hoton ramin baƙi misali ne kawai na kare mata a kimiyya", [1] wanda Zaringhalam da Wade suka rubuta tare, suna fafutukar ganin an ƙara karrama matan da ke ba da gudummawa ga kimiyya. Bayan an fitar da hoton farko na wani ramin baƙi, rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai sun yi bikin rawar da Katie Bouman ta taka wajen jagorantar ƙirƙirar tsarin sarrafa hotuna. [2] Jaridar ta jaddada ikon kafofin sada zumunta kamar Twitter da kuma rumbun adana bayanai na haɗin gwiwa kamar Wikipedia wajen yaba wa gudummawar kimiyya ta mata. A matsayin misali na rashin isasshen bayani a cikin Wikipedia ta Ingilishi game da mata a fannin kimiyya, labarin ya nuna goge tarihin rayuwar Clarice Phelps . Wade ya ƙirƙiri wani ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwar Phelps a Wikipedia a watan Satumba na 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jarvis |first=Claire |date=25 April 2019 |title=A deleted Wikipedia page speaks volumes about its biggest problem |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90339700/a-deleted-wikipedia-page-speaks-volumes-about-its-biggest-problem |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429091704/https://www.fastcompany.com/90339700/a-deleted-wikipedia-page-speaks-volumes-about-its-biggest-problem |archive-date=29 April 2019 |access-date=1 March 2020 |website=Fastcompany.com}}</ref> Share wannan labarin a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 2019 <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Jarvis |first=Claire |date=25 April 2019 |title=What a Deleted Profile Tells Us About Wikipedia's Diversity Problem |url=https://undark.org/2019/04/25/wikipedia-diversity-problem/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428162539/https://undark.org/2019/04/25/wikipedia-diversity-problem/ |archive-date=28 April 2019 |access-date=24 February 2020 |website=Undark.org}}</ref> ya haifar da dogon tattaunawa kan edita da kuma sake maido da shi da kuma sake goge shi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sadeque |first=Samira |date=29 April 2019 |title=Wikipedia doesn't think this Black female scientist is notable enough for a page |url=https://www.dailydot.com/irl/wikipedia-clarice-phelps/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430042820/https://www.dailydot.com/irl/wikipedia-clarice-phelps/ |archive-date=30 April 2019 |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=dailydot.com |publisher=The Daily Dot}}</ref> Katrina Krämer ta rubuta a cikin ''Duniyar Kimiyyar Halitta'' :   Wade ta shaida wa Chemistry World cewa ta yi imanin cewa irin wannan rashin tantancewar da masu binciken kimiyya suka yi daga rahoton da aka wallafa a Wikipedia abin takaici ne, tana mai bayyana ra'ayinta cewa tana karɓar bayanai daga ma fitattun mutane a kafofin watsa labarai. [1] Zuwa watan Janairun 2020, an cimma matsaya kan dawo da wannan labarin, domin a wancan lokacin sabbin majiyoyi sun fara samuwa. [2] Ya zuwa shekarar 2019, daga cikin kasidu 600 game da masana kimiyya mata da Wade ya rubuta, an goge guda 6 saboda rashin cika ka'idojin Wikipedia na shahara. [1] === Wasu kamfanoni === A shekarar 2013, FemTechNet ta ƙaddamar da "Wikistorming" a matsayin wani aiki da ke ba da tallafin karatu ga mata kuma yana ƙarfafa gyaran Wikipedia a matsayin wani ɓangare na koyarwar makaranta da kwaleji. <ref>{{Cite web |title=feminist wiki-storming – FemTechNet |url=https://femtechnet.org/docc/feminist-wiki-storming/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401012841/https://femtechnet.org/docc/feminist-wiki-storming/ |archive-date=1 April 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2014, Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta sanar da cewa za ta kashe dala $200,000 don nazarin bambancin jinsi a Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NSF Award Search: Award # 1322971 - Collaborative Research: Wikipedia and the Democratization of Academic Knowledge |url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1322971&HistoricalAwards=false |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=www.nsf.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NSF Award Search: Award # 1322934 - Collaborative Research: Wikipedia and the Democratization of Academic Knowledge |url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1322934&HistoricalAwards=false |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=www.nsf.gov |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, [[Jennifer C. Edwards]], shugabar sashen tarihi a Kwalejin Manhattan, ta bayyana cewa cibiyoyin ilimi za su iya amfani da ayyukan Wikipedia kamar nazarin gibin jinsi na kundin bayanai da kuma rufe batutuwan mata don zaburar da ɗalibai su canza rashin daidaiton jinsi na yanzu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edwards |first=Jennifer C. |date=2015 |title=Wiki Women: Bringing Women into Wikipedia through Activism and Pedagogy |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_history-teacher_2015-05_48_3/page/409 |journal=The History Teacher |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=409–436 |issn=0018-2745 |jstor=24810523}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, Angela Fan, mai bincike a Meta Platforms, ta sanar da wani samfurin manhaja mai buɗewa wacce za ta iya ƙirƙirar daftarin tarihin rayuwa irin na Wikipedia wanda "wata rana zai taimaka wa editocin Wikipedia ƙirƙirar dubban rubuce-rubucen tarihin rayuwa masu inganci ga muhimman mutane waɗanda ba sa cikin shafin", ciki har da mata. == Duba kuma == * Nuna wariya ga launin fata a Wikipedia * Bambancin yanki akan Wikipedia * Nuna bambancin jinsi na ƙarni na biyu * [[Wikipidiya|Tsarin son kai a cikin Wikipedia]] == Bayanan kula == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karatu == * {{Cite journal |last=Edwards |first=Jennifer C. |date=2015 |title=Wiki Women: Bringing Women into Wikipedia through Activism and Pedagogy |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_history-teacher_2015-05_48_3/page/409 |journal=The History Teacher |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=409–436 |jstor=24810523 |ref=none}} === Yaɗa labarai === * Bort, Julie (15 Fabrairu 2014) [http://www.businessinsider.com/growing-army-of-women-take-on-wikipedia-2014-2 "Ƙaruwar Rundunar Mata Suna Ɗauki Matsalar Launin Mata ta Wikipedia"] . Mai bincike a fannin kasuwanci. An dawo da shi a ranar 29 ga Agusta 2022. * * * * * * * * * * - Gabatarwa da hanyoyin haɗi zuwa ra'ayoyi takwas. * === Bincike da shawara === * {{Cite web |last=Glott |first=Ruediger |last2=Schmidt |first2=Philipp |last3=Ghosh |first3=Rishab |date=March 2010 |title=Wikipedia Survey: Overview Results |url=http://www.wikipediasurvey.org/docs/Wikipedia_Overview_15March2010-FINAL.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414165445/http://wikipediasurvey.org/docs/Wikipedia_Overview_15March2010-FINAL.pdf |archive-date=14 April 2010 |access-date=11 August 2014 |ref=none}} * {{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Maximilian |display-authors=etal. |date=10 February 2015 |title=Monitoring the Gender Gap with Wikidata Human Gender Indicators |url=http://wigi.wmflabs.org/monitoring-gender-gap.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119131203/http://wigi.wmflabs.org/monitoring-gender-gap.pdf |archive-date=19 November 2018 |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Cornell University Library |ref=none}} * {{Cite web |last=Tripp |first=Dawn Leonard |date=13 January 2015 |title=How to Edit Wikipedia: Lessons from a Female Contributor |url=http://anitaborg.org/news/blog/how-to-edit-wikipedia-lessons-from-a-female-contributor/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209033907/http://anitaborg.org/news/blog/how-to-edit-wikipedia-lessons-from-a-female-contributor/ |archive-date=9 February 2015 |access-date=6 February 2015 |website=Anita Borg Institute |ref=none}} * {{Cite journal |last=Hinnosaar |first=Marit |date=July 2019 |title=Gender Inequality in New Media: Evidence from Wikipedia |url=http://www.carloalberto.org/assets/working-papers/no.411.pdf |journal=Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization |volume=163 |pages=262–276 |doi=10.1016/j.jebo.2019.04.020 |s2cid=182928068 |ref=none}} *   *   == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Cite web |title=Wiki Loves Women |url=https://www.wikiloveswomen.org/ |language=en-US}} {{Wikipedia|state=expanded}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nkl1vm1ml2qav1kb7n0mlbzk4xfhf9e 0 179148 968055 967128 2026-10-16T03:54:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nuno Miguel Soares Pereira Ribeiro''' OIH (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1976), wanda aka fi sani da '''Nuno Gomes''', tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Portugal wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba. An yi masa laƙabi da ''Gomes'' a lokacin ƙuruciya bayan Fernando Gomes, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vinagre |first=Hugo |date=2 January 2019 |title=Nuno Gomes: "Tive propostas de Itália e Inglaterra. Respondi que só falavamos depois de me reunir com o Benfica" |trans-title=Nuno Gomes: "I had offers from Italy and England. I replied that there would only be conversations after I met with Benfica" |url=https://playboy.pt/playtalks/nuno-gomes-tive-propostas-de-italia-e-inglaterra-respondi-que-so-falavamos-depois-de-me-reunir-com-o-benfica/ |access-date=6 April 2020 |publisher=[[Playboy]] |language=pt}}</ref> kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan gaba mafi shahara a ƙasar a shekarun 1990 da 2000; ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye a raga a kulob da ƙasa, kuma yana da ikon zama ɗan wasa mai kyau, yana tara taimako da yawa a tsawon aikinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Magrini |first=Matteo |date=26 June 2009 |title=Esclusiva TMW – Nuno Gomes, il Livorno ci pensa |trans-title=TMW exclusive – Nuno Gomes, Livorno are contemplating him |url=http://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/serie-a/esclusiva-tmw-nuno-gomes-il-livorno-ci-pensa-157770web |access-date=1 May 2015 |publisher=Tutto Mercato Web |language=it}}</ref> wanda aka kashe galibi tare da Benfica, wanda ya zira kwallaye 166 a wasanni 398 a cikin shekaru 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2011 |title=Nuno Gomes: na história, de qualquer forma |trans-title=Nuno Gomes: in history, anyway |url=http://www.maisfutebol.iol.pt/nuno-gomes-na-historia-de-qualquer-forma |access-date=28 March 2017 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> Gomes ya wakilci Portugal a gasar cin [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|Kofin Duniya]] biyu da [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|Gasar Zakarun Turai]] uku. Ya taimaka wa tawagar kasa ta kammala na biyu a [[UEFA Euro 2000|Yuro 2000]]">Yuro 2004 da na uku a Euro 2000, kuma ya lashe manyan wasanni 79.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2013 |title=Nuno Gomes quer equipa nacional inspirada |trans-title=Nuno Gomes wants inspired national team |url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/mundial-2014/nuno-gomes-quer-equipa-nacional-inspirada_d687120 |access-date=16 January 2024 |publisher=[[Rádio e Televisão de Portugal]] |language=pt}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Boavista da Benfica === An haife shi a Amarante, Gomes ya kafa sunansa tare da Boavista, inda ya fara bugawa Premier Liga a kakar 1994-95, yana da shekaru 18.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2000 |title=Nuno Gomes: de Amarante para Florença |trans-title=Nuno Gomes: from Amarante to Florence |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/geral/16-07-2000/nuno-gomes-de-amarante-para-florenca |access-date=16 January 2024 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> Ya tattara azurfa na farko yayin da tawagarsa ta doke Benfica don ɗaga Taça de Portugal a shekarar 1997, inda ya zira kwallaye kuma ya lashe kyautar kisa a nasarar 3-2 a wasan karshe; shi da abokin wasan Erwin Sánchez sun riga sun amince da canja wurin zuwa abokan adawar.<ref name="Taca">{{Cite web |last=Ferreira |first=Luís Pedro |date=18 February 2022 |title=Nuno Gomes: «Nesse Boavista-Benfica, ainda alguém disse que tentei chutar para fora» |trans-title=Nuno Gomes: "In that Boavista-Benfica, someone even said that I tried to shoot off target" |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/taca-de-portugal/historia-de-um-jogo/nuno-gomes-nesse-boavista-benfica-ainda-alguem-disse-que-tentei-chutar-para-fora |access-date=1 February 2023 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> Gomes ya kasance mai zira kwallaye na huɗu a Shekarar da ta gabata a Estádio do Bessa, kafin ya koma Benfica. A cikin yakin neman zabe na 1998-99 ya zira kwallaye 34 a duk gasa, a matsayi na uku a gasar. === Fiorentina === After three seasons at Benfica, his Euro 2000 exploits earned Gomes a €17 million move to Fiorentina. He won the Coppa Italia over [[Parma Calcio 1913|Parma]] in his first year, scoring in a 1–1 draw in the second leg of the final at home, which allowed his team to clinch the title 2–1 on aggregate; however, his second season was less successful, as financial collapse by the ''Viola'' and their subsequent relegation precipitated a 2002 return to his previous club on a four-year deal as a free agent.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2002 |title=Club may go out of business if funding isn't found |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/news/2002/0801/1412898.html |access-date=20 January 2017 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2002 |title=Benfica sign Gomes |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/2172187.stm |access-date=20 January 2017 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> === Komawa zuwa Benfica === Jerin raunin da ya samu ya iyakance Gomes zuwa kasa da wasanni 70 daga 2002 zuwa 2005, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2003 |title=Early finish for Nuno Gomes |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/news/0254-0d7b3aa0a5c6-5a8d59597d7b-1000--early-finish-for-nuno-gomes/ |access-date=7 April 2020 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> amma har yanzu ya taimaka wa Benfica ta lashe kofin cikin gida a 2003-04 da kuma gasar a kakar wasa mai zuwa - a cikin karshen, ya ba da gudummawa ga kwallaye bakwai daga wasanni 23. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matos Pereira |first=Rui |date=5 November 2003 |title=Nuno Gomes enjoys happy return |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/025a-0eaad27467e7-f4a1e7fafa8d-1000--nuno-gomes-enjoys-happy-return/ |access-date=26 May 2010 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Calhau |first=Pedro |date=14 June 2005 |title=Nuno Gomes, recordista: de 1994 a 2005, todos os golos |trans-title=Nuno Gomes, recordman: from 1994 to 2005, all the goals |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/nuno-gomes-recordista-de-1994-a-2005-todos-os-golos |access-date=3 April 2025 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> Ya ji daɗin kakar wasa mafi kyau a 2005-06, inda ya zira kwallaye 15 a gasar, ciki har da biyu a cikin nasarar da ya yi a kan Porto (2-0) da kuma hat-trick a kan União de Leiria, ya kammala na biyu a cikin jerin masu zira kwallayi kuma ya kara da Supertaça Candido de Oliveira, inda ya zira kwallo daya da ya yi da Vitória de Setúbal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2005 |title=Nuno Gomes inspires Benfica |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=352927.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001121800/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=352927.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=26 May 2010 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref><ref name="SC">{{Cite web |last=Pietra |first=Hugo |date=13 August 2005 |title=Benfica earn Super Cup success |url=https://www.uefa.com/news/01ac-0f8478daedb8-4537bc5b9a58-1000--benfica-earn-super-cup-success/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> [[File:Nuno_Gomes_(1388215345).jpg|left|thumb|Gomes suna murna da burin Benfica a 2007]] Daga 2006-07 zuwa gaba, Gomes ya fuskanci gwagwarmaya mai tsanani don farawa: ya zira kwallaye sau shida kawai a gasar, kuma zai sha wahala sosai bayan sanya hannu kan Paraguayan Óscar Cardozo a lokacin rani mai zuwa. Koyaya, har yanzu memba ne mai mahimmanci na tawagar, ya gama kamfen ɗin tare da kwallaye tara gabaɗaya, ya ba da kyaftin din ga mashahurin Rui Costa a cikin tsari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2008 |title=Nuno Gomes entrega a braçadeira a Rui Costa |trans-title=Nuno Gomes gives armand to Rui Costa |url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/benfica/nuno-gomes-entrega-a-bracadeira-a-rui-costa_d253504 |access-date=20 October 2017 |publisher=Rádio e Televisão de Portugal |language=pt}}</ref> === Braga === Benfica ta saki Gomes a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2011, bayan kulob din ya yanke shawarar kada ya sabunta kwangilarsa; duk da haka, an ba shi matsayi a cikin tsarin gudanarwa, nan da nan ko kuma lokacin da ya yi ritaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2011 |title=Nuno Gomes deixa Benfica |trans-title=Nuno Gomes leaves Benfica |url=https://pt.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01f2-0e78b4ff1912-45e8e1d7f9e9-1000--nuno-gomes-deixa-benfica/ |access-date=15 June 2011 |publisher=UEFA |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2011 |title=Benfica legend Nuno Gomes set to part ways with the Portuguese club |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/737426-benfica-legend-nuno-gomes-set-to-part-ways-with-the-portuguese-club |access-date=24 October 2011 |publisher=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba, ya sanya hannu tare da ɗan'uwansa na farko Braga . A ranar 11 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2011, Gomes ya zira kwallaye a wasan da ya ci Gil Vicente.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2011 |title=Liga round-up |url=http://www.portugoal.net/index.php/more-liga-sagres-news/27255-liga-round-up |access-date=15 September 2012 |publisher=PortuGOAL |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121075459/https://portugoal.net/index.php/more-liga-sagres-news/27255-liga-round-up |archive-date=21 January 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A lokacin da ya yi wasa da Minho, an fi amfani da shi azaman madadin. == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Includes [[Taça de Portugal]], [[Coppa Italia]], [[FA Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin League{{Efn|Includes [[Taça da Liga]], [[Football League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |[[UEFA|Turai]] ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="4" |Boavista |1994–95 |Gasar Farko |17 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |4 |1 |22 |2 |- |1995–96 |Gasar Farko |28 |7 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |30 |8 |- |1996–97 |Gasar Farko |34 |15 |5 |4 | colspan="2" | - |6 |2 |45 |21 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !79 !23 !8 !5 ! colspan="2" |- !10 !3 !97 !31 |- | rowspan="4" |Benfica |1997–98 |Gasar Farko |33 |18 |6 |4 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |40 |22 |- |1998–99 |Gasar Farko |34 |24 |2 |3 | colspan="2" | - |7 |7 |43 |34 |- |1999–2000 |Gasar Farko |34 |18 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - |5 |1 |41 |20 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !101 !60 !10 !8 ! colspan="2" |- !13 !8 !124 !76 |- | rowspan="3" |Fiorentina |2000–01 |[[Serie A|Jerin A]] |30 |9 |3 |4 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |33 |13 |- |2001–02 |Jerin A |23 |5 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |6 |2 |311^'''1''' |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !53 !14 !4 !4 ! colspan="2" |- !6 !2 !64 !20 |- | rowspan="10" |Benfica |2002–03 |Gasar Farko |28 |9 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |29 |9 |- |2003–04 |Gasar Farko |21 |7 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |5 |5 |29 |12 |- |2004–05 |Gasar Farko |23 |7 |5 |2 | colspan="2" | - |6 |3 |34 |12 |- |2005–06 |Gasar Farko |29 |15 |4 |1 | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |422^'''2''' |17^'''2''' |- |2006–07 |Gasar Farko |24 |6 |3 |3 | colspan="2" | - |14 |4 |41 |13 |- |2007–08 |Gasar Farko |25 |7 |3 |1 |0 |0 |8 |1 |36 |9 |- |2008–09 |Gasar Farko |24 |7 |1 |0 |2 |1 |6 |1 |33 |9 |- |2009–10 |Gasar Farko |13 |3 |2 |0 |2 |0 |6 |1 |23 |4 |- |2010–11 |Gasar Farko |6 |4 |1 |0 |1 |1 |0 |0 |8 |5 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !193 !65 !23 !7 !5 !2 !53 !15 !275 !90 |- |Braga |2011–12 |Gasar Farko |20 |6 |2 |0 |2 |0 |5 |0 |29 |6 |- |Blackburn Rovers |2012–13 |Gasar cin kofin |18 |4 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |20 |4 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !464 !172 !49 !24 !7 !2 !87 !28 !609 !227 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] <references /> qync2vhejb0q50i7vml4u1hzjeew2yt 0 179155 967942 967283 2026-10-15T18:55:46Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Tarihi */ 967942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tapeworm''' wani aikin gefe ne na Amurka na Nine Inch Nails wanda ya wanzu a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban daga 1995 zuwa kusan 2004. Tapeworm bai taba fitar da wani rikodin ba, amma ana yawan ambaton shi a cikin tambayoyin. Kungiyar ta fara ne a matsayin aikin gefe tsakanin dan wasan Nine Inch Nails Trent Reznor da membobin ƙungiyar rayuwa Danny Lohner da Charlie Clouser . A cikin shekaru ƙungiyar ta faɗaɗa kuma ta samo asali sau da yawa don haɗawa da masu fasaha kamar Maynard James Keenan, Atticus Ross, da Alan Moulder, yadda ya kamata suna juya aikin zuwa babban rukuni. Bayan shekaru da yawa na jita-jita da kwanakin da ake sa ran fitarwa, Reznor ya sanar da ƙarshen aikin a shekara ta 2004. == Tarihi == Tapeworm ta asali ya faru ne a lokacin zaman rikodin Nine Inch Nails bayan yawon shakatawa na Downward Spiral a kusa da 1996. Yayinda suke aiki a kan kayan Nine Inch Nails, Danny Lohner da Charlie Clouser, duka mambobin ƙungiyar Nine Inch Niils, galibi suna fitowa da ra'ayoyin da Reznor ya ji bai dace da hangen nesa ga ƙungiyar ba. Tapeworm ya bunkasa a matsayin hanyar fita don wannan kayan - ƙungiyar dimokuradiyya inda Lohner da Clouser zasu iya aiki daidai da Reznor, sabanin Nine Inch Nails, wanda Reznor ke riƙe da iko na fasaha kawai.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mark Blackwell |date=February 1997 |title=Ninechnails |publisher=[[Ray Gun (magazine)|Ray Gun]]}}</ref> Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, Tapeworm ya samo asali ya zama babban rukuni, tare da mawaƙa baƙi kamar Maynard James Keenan, Page Hamilton, da Phil Anselmo masu rikodin kayan da za a yi amfani da su. A cikin 1999 Lohner ya ba da rahoton cewa an kammala waƙoƙi uku, kuma ya bayyana kayan daban-daban da ke nuna Anselmo a matsayin "NIN-meets-Pantera mai nauyi" da kuma "waƙoƙin Pink Floyd The Wall-type", da kuma kayan da ke nuna Keenan a matsayin "psychedelic, ayoyi masu juyawa da mawaƙa". <ref>{{Cite journal |date=December 1999 |title=Nin, Tool and Pantera men team up in Tapeworm. But will we ever hear it? |publisher=[[Kerrang!]]. [[Bauer Media Group]]}}</ref>Tommy Victor ya rubuta kayan tare da ƙungiyar, kuma daga baya ya gaya wa Rolling Stone cewa ci gaba da jinkiri a kan Tapeworm ya ba da gudummawa ga shawarar da ya yanke na yin hutu daga kiɗa, tare da zargin Reznor da ba da guddina ga guitar na Tapeworn ga [[Marilyn Manson]]. A cikin wata sanarwa da aka bayar ga MTV News, Reznor ya yi tunani game da hadin gwiwar da ya yi da Keenan: {{Blockquote|It has been an interesting experiment for Maynard and I to peek around in each other's heads, shining flashlights in some shadowy corners ... We've realized we're each in somewhat similar places in our respective lives and outlook, so it's been great to collaborate on that level.<ref name="MTV 2002">{{cite web | url = http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1456878/20020806/id_1162708.jhtml | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015195034/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1456878/20020806/id_1162708.jhtml | url-status = dead | archive-date = October 15, 2007 | date = 2002-08-06 | title = Nine Inch Nails, Tool Frontmen Recording Together | first = Jon | last = Wiederhorn | publisher = [[MTV]]. [[Viacom (2005–present)|Viacom]] | access-date = 2008-02-16}}</ref>}} A shekara ta (2001), mai haɗin gwiwar Nine Inch Nails na dogon lokaci Alan Moulder ya bi diddigin "fiye da darajar kundin" na demos. Moulder ya ci gaba da bayyana waƙoƙin da ba su da kyau kamar The Fragile kuma sun kasance karkatarwa daga mafi yawan kayan Nine Inch Nails.<ref name="mtv">{{Cite web |last=D'Angelo |first=Joe |date=2001-02-13 |title=NIN's Reznor Teams With Tool's Keenan For Tapeworm |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1439359/20010213/id_1162708.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013113812/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1439359/20010213/id_1162708.jhtml |archive-date=October 13, 2007 |access-date=2007-08-14 |publisher=[[MTV]]. [[Viacom (2005–present)|Viacom]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2002, Clouser ya bar Nine Inch Nails kuma ba a haɗa shi da Tapeworm ba. Kungiyar, wacce yanzu ta kunshi Reznor, Lohner, Keenan, da Atticus Ross, sun yi rajistar lokaci a cikin ɗakin rikodin da fatan samar da kundi. An kirkiro shafin yanar gizon hukuma, tapeworm.net (yanzu offline), don nuna hotuna daga lokuta daban-daban na rikodin, gami da hotuna na Josh Freese a bayan kayan drum.<ref name="Freese picture">{{Cite web |title=tapeworm |url=http://www.tapeworm.net/06.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020802232006/http://www.tapeworm.net/06.html |archive-date=2002-08-02 |access-date=2008-02-16 |publisher=Tapeworm}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2003, Lohner ya gaya wa ''[[Kerrang!]]'' mujallar cewa kundin ya kasance "a shirye don haɗuwa" amma an dakatar da shi ta hanyar batutuwan shari'a da suka samo asali daga rikice-rikice tsakanin Reznor da lakabin rikodin Keenan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-09-27 |title=Nine Inch Nails' Danny Lohner Comments On Tapeworm Project |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=15526 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607010540/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=15526 |archive-date=2011-06-07 |access-date=2008-02-16 |publisher=[[Kerrang!]]. [[Bauer Media Group]]}}</ref> An bayar da rahoton kayan Tapeworm sau da yawa yayin da kammalawar ta kusa, musamman ta MTV News da ''[[Kerrang!]]'', kuma an shirya za a sake shi a kan lakabin Reznor's Nothing Records. An fara yin rikodin rikodin band din ne a cikin Nothing Studios a [[New Orleans]], kodayake daga baya aka ruwaito cewa an tura su zuwa Southern Tracks Studios a [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]" id="mwYg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Jojiya. A shekara ta 2004, Reznor ya ba da sanarwar cewa Tapeworm "ya mutu don makomar gaba", yana mai da hankali kan batutuwan lakabi, Keenan's A Perfect Circle obligations, da kuma raguwar sha'awar Reznor ga aikin. Reznor ya taƙaita mutuwar aikin ta hanyar cewa "launin ƙasa shine wannan: idan kiɗa ya kasance mai girma, duk wannan tabbas ana iya aiki da shi".<ref name="access">{{Cite web |last=Reznor |first=Trent |author-link=Trent Reznor |date=2004-05-08 |title=Nine Inch Nails: Access |url=http://www.nin.com/access/5_08_04/index.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718105114/http://www.nin.com/access/5_08_04/index.asp |archive-date=2007-07-18 |access-date=2007-05-21 |publisher=[[Nine Inch Nails]]}}</ref>A lokacin haƙa hira da wanda ya kafa digg Kevin Rose a shekara ta 2009, Reznor ya ci gaba da yin sharhi cewa ya yi tunanin cewa kayan ba su da kyau kamar yadda za a iya ba shi da asalinsa da Keenan kuma ba zai yiwu kayan ya fito ba, amma ya ci gaba ya ce zai so su biyu su sake aiki tare a wani lokaci a nan gaba. == Masu ba da gudummawa == Masu kiɗa waɗanda aka ambata a matsayin kayan rikodin Tapeworm, a cikin haruffa:   Waƙoƙi biyu ne kawai, "Vacant" da "Potions," aka gano su a matsayin waƙoƙin Tapeworm. Ba a sake su ba, kodayake wasu ayyukan Maynard James Keenan sun fito. Na farko, "Vacant" an fara ɗauka ne a lokacin zaman Tapeworm; waƙar da Lohner ya rubuta kuma Clouser ya sake shirya ta, tare da kalmomin da waƙoƙi ta Keenan da mawaƙa da muryoyin goyon baya ta Reznor.<ref name="mtv" /> An fara yin waƙar ne ta hanyar A Perfect Circle a duk lokacin da suka yi yawon shakatawa na shekara ta 2001.<ref name="mtv" /> MTV ta ruwaito cewa Reznor a bayyane ba shi da farin ciki cewa Keenan ya yi waƙar: "Dole ne in yarda cewa ina samun ɗan fusata ga "Vacant" don farawa a cikin wannan salon kafin in ji an fahimci shi yadda ya kamata, " <ref name="mtv" /> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan rushewar aikin Tapeworm, Keenan ya sake sake fasalin a kan kundin A Perfect Circle na 2004 Emotive a ƙarƙashin taken "Passive".<ref name="Vacant/Passive">{{Cite web |date=2005-07-26 |title=A Perfect Circle – eMOTIVe |url=http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=1021 |access-date=2007-11-11 |website=Sputnikmusic}}</ref> Wani aikin gefe na Maynard James Keenan, Puscifer, ya fitar da wani kundin da ake kira "C" Is for (Don Allah Shigar da Sophomoric Genitalia Reference HERE) tare da waƙa, "Potions (Deliverance Mix)," wanda ke da rubuce-rubucen rubuce da aka ba Trent Reznor. <ref name="Potions (Deliverance Mix)">{{Cite web |date=2009-11-13 |title=Puscifer Channels Tapeworm On New Album |url=http://www.noisecreep.com/2009/11/13/puscifer-tapeworm-nine-inch-nails/ |access-date=2009-11-19 |website=[[Noise Creep]]}}</ref> Dangane da jita-jita cewa Keenan ya fitar da waƙar Tapeworm ba tare da an yi wani canji ba, an sanya wani shafin yanar gizo a shafin yanar gizon Puscifer a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2009 yana cewa: {{Blockquote|Ok. Let's use an APC album as an example. eMOTIVe. APC did a song called "Imagine." If you view the credits for the song you'll find various bits of info. Generally speaking the writers name appears in parentheses next to the track. The performer info may or may not be listed in the album credits. If you see performer info it may be broken down to instruments. For example ... "Billy Howerdel - Guitars and Back-up Vocals. Josh Freese - Drums and percussion, etc... Or it may be a given that the people who performed on this project/album/track are the band in question. So it will just say "B Howerdel - guitars, Josh Freese - drums, M J Keenan - vocals, etc. ... But Writing credits are different. Next to "Imagine" you'll see the name John Lennon. Because he wrote the song. You may want to sit down for the next bit. Ready? John Lennon didn't perform or sing or play on the APC version of "Imagine." He didn't produce it, direct it, co-produce it, or grab us Latte's during the recording of it. Why? Because he's dead. He just wrote it. And we performed a version of it. If you visit the Project Credits of this site now, you'll start to see what we mean. Hope that helps.}} Daga baya Keenan ya ci gaba da zurfafa batun a asusun [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|Twitter]] dinsa sa'o'i tara bayan an buga shafin yanar gizon farko. Keenan ya tabbatar da asalin waƙar a cikin aikin Tapeworm yayin da yake tabbatar da cewa Puscifer ya rufe waƙar kuma ya saki ta hanyar salon kamar yadda A Perfect Circle ya yi tare da "Passive," yana cewa: {{Blockquote|[To] conclude if [I] may. If [you] HATE Potions, hate US not Trent. We wrote it together, but PUSCIFER produced it. It was my wedding present [to] him.<ref name="Keenan Via Twitter">{{cite web | title = Keenan On The Tapeworm/Puscifer Issue via Twitter | publisher = [[Maynard James Keenan]] | date = 2009-11-18 | url = https://twitter.com/mjkeenan/status/5836447121 | access-date = 2009-11-19}}</ref>}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}}{{A Perfect Circle}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 28ex9tak3wqv50v0oaq2iegs9826nrw 0 179214 967940 967534 2026-10-15T18:28:09Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Tarihi da ayyuka */ 967940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Madaki Primary Health Care Centre''' cibiyar kula da lafiya ce ta gwamnati da ke unguwar '''Bolari East''', a [[Gombe (birni)|birnin Gombe]], [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. An jera cibiyar a cikin kundin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na ƙaramar hukumar Gombe, da lambar rajista 15/06/1/1/1/0017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madaki Primary Health Care Center Bolari East, Gombe |url=https://thehospitalbook.com/madaki-primary-health-care-center/ |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi da ayyuka == Wani kundin bayanan kiwon lafiya ya nuna cewa an kafa cibiyar a ranar 1 ga watan Mayu 2014. An kuma lissafa ayyukan kula da mata masu juna biyu, rigakafi, tsarin iyali, kula da uwa da jariri, da ayyukan kula da wasu cututtuka a cikin ayyukan cibiyar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madaki Primary Health Care Center Bolari East, Gombe |url=https://thehospitalbook.com/madaki-primary-health-care-center/ |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> Wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2021 ya bayyana Madaki Health Care Centre a matsayin cibiyar kula da lafiya ta ƙaramar hukuma a cikin jerin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na birnin Gombe.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Primary Health Care Services Utilization in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology |date=2021 |url=https://ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT21JUN384.pdf |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Wuri == Cibiyar tana Bolari East, kusa da kasuwar Mammy, a birnin Gombe. An wallafa lambobin waya 0703 362 9855 da 0906 924 7798 a cikin kundin bayanan cibiyar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madaki Primary Health Care Center Gombe |url=https://branches.com.ng/branch-detail/Hospitals-and-Clinics-in-Nigeria-Madaki-Primary-Health-Care-Center-Gombe |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} sc8yelps68u8ydj1tgwq4mh8jbjxtrt 967941 967940 2026-10-15T18:28:26Z Kamaf001 48297 967941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Madaki Primary Health Care Centre''' cibiyar kula da lafiya ce ta gwamnati da ke unguwar '''Bolari East''', a [[Gombe (birni)|birnin Gombe]], [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. An jera cibiyar a cikin kundin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na ƙaramar hukumar Gombe, da lambar rajista 15/06/1/1/1/0017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madaki Primary Health Care Center Bolari East, Gombe |url=https://thehospitalbook.com/madaki-primary-health-care-center/ |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi da ayyuka == Wani kundin bayanan kiwon lafiya ya nuna cewa an kafa cibiyar a ranar 1 ga watan Mayu a shekara ta 2014. An kuma lissafa ayyukan kula da mata masu juna biyu, rigakafi, tsarin iyali, kula da uwa da jariri, da ayyukan kula da wasu cututtuka a cikin ayyukan cibiyar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madaki Primary Health Care Center Bolari East, Gombe |url=https://thehospitalbook.com/madaki-primary-health-care-center/ |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> Wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2021 ya bayyana Madaki Health Care Centre a matsayin cibiyar kula da lafiya ta ƙaramar hukuma a cikin jerin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na birnin Gombe.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Primary Health Care Services Utilization in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology |date=2021 |url=https://ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT21JUN384.pdf |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Wuri == Cibiyar tana Bolari East, kusa da kasuwar Mammy, a birnin Gombe. An wallafa lambobin waya 0703 362 9855 da 0906 924 7798 a cikin kundin bayanan cibiyar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madaki Primary Health Care Center Gombe |url=https://branches.com.ng/branch-detail/Hospitals-and-Clinics-in-Nigeria-Madaki-Primary-Health-Care-Center-Gombe |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} aty0lqhhqz6kar7v0pi86ypmejf2eaz 0 179241 967934 967637 2026-10-15T18:22:08Z Kamaf001 48297 967934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma [[Real Madrid]] bayan wani lokaci a cikin '''National League''' tare da ƙungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta [[Leonesa]]. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a ƙarƙashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na [[Real Madrid]] a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar shekarar 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3adwzp9eonk1ms9dgci2di6xaaah23d 967935 967934 2026-10-15T18:23:23Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Real Madrid */ 967935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma [[Real Madrid]] bayan wani lokaci a cikin '''National League''' tare da ƙungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta [[Leonesa]]. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a ƙarƙashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na [[Real Madrid]] a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar shekara ta 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 4zydpdes7kco1yykhltq2a1xgdpv1n3 967936 967935 2026-10-15T18:23:42Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Real Madrid */ 967936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta 2022, González ya koma [[Real Madrid]] bayan wani lokaci a cikin '''National League''' tare da ƙungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta [[Leonesa]]. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a ƙarƙashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin a shekara ta 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na [[Real Madrid]] a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar shekara ta 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] l7awua2c5irhqqjxvnzlb1gictmsydd 967953 967936 2026-10-15T19:10:36Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Real Madrid */ 967953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Javier González Pérez''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin kulob din == === Real Madrid === A shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyu 2022, González ya koma [[Real Madrid]] bayan wani lokaci a cikin '''National League''' tare da ƙungiyar Juvenil B ta Al'adu ta [[Leonesa]]. Ayyukansa a Real Madrid Juvenil B ya jawo hankali, musamman a ƙarƙashin ido mai kyau na Luis Llopis, kocin mai tsaron gida na tawagar farko a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Carlo Ancelotti. A watan Yulin a shekara ta 2023, an kira González don wasan farko na [[Real Madrid]] a Amurka, yana nuna wani muhimmin abu a cikin aikinsa. Tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekaru biyar tare da Real Madrid ya karfafa matsayinsa kuma ya sanya shi daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida huɗu na kakar shekara ta 2023/24. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El portero leonés Fran González forma parte del Real Madrid para la gira norteamericana |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/portero-leones-fran-gonzalez/202307192007162356924.html}}</ref> Fran González ya shiga Real Madrid Juvenil A, <ref name="digitaldeleon">{{Cite web |title=El ‘debut’ del portero leonés Fran González con el Real Madrid |url=https://digitaldeleon.com/deportes/debut-leones-fran-gonzalez-real-madrid/}}</ref> yana sauyawa tsakanin wasanni tare da Real Madrid C <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla del Real Madrid C: uno a uno, todos los jugadores |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/tercera-rfef/plantilla-real-madrid-jugadores-20230914193932-nt.html}}</ref> a cikin Tercera Federación . Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, matasansa bai hana shi zama mai farawa a Tercera Federación a cikin nasara 0-1 a Las Rozas .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González vuela en La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/mas_futbol/fran-gonzalez-vuela-en-la-fabrica-n/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiya tare da tawagar farko a kan yawon shakatawa na Amurka kuma an yi rajista don [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]].<ref name="digitaldeleon" /> González ya fara bugawa [[La Liga|LaLiga]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025 a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] tun lokacin da Iker Casillas ya buga a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2025 |title=Real Madrid hand a debut to a giant, but who is Fran González? |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/real-madrid-hand-a-debut-to-a-giant-but-who-is-fran-gonzalez-n/ |publisher=as.com}}</ref> Wasan ya ƙare a cikin asarar 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=7 April 2025 |title=Valencia end years of misery at Real Madrid to extend Corberán’s revival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/07/valencia-end-years-of-misery-at-real-madrid-la-liga |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan 2026, González ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2026 |title=El guardameta Fran González, sevillista hasta 2031 |url=https://sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/acuerdo-fichaje-fran-gonzalez-sevilla-fc-2627 |publisher=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == González matasan kasa da kasa ne na Spain, an kira shi don wakiltar Spain U19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González, convocado con la selección sub-19 |url=https://www.leonoticias.com/deportes/cultural/fran-gonzalez-convocado-seleccion-sub19-20230829171632-nt.html}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Arewacin Ireland kuma ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a duk lokacin gasar, wanda Spain ta lashe bayan ta doke Faransa U19 2-1 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref><ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == González an san shi da ƙwarewarsa, saurin aiki da kuma dakatar da harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran González: el portero de la Fábrica que ha enamorado a Llopis y es una copia de Courtois |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/fran-gonzalez-portero-fabrica-enamorado-20230130200234-nt.html |publisher=relevo.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == González ya dauki Iker Casillas na kasa da kasa na Spain a matsayin gunkinsa na kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fran, el portero criado en León |url=https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/deportes/fran-portero-criado-leon-crece-madrid-sombra-courtois/202305100333262332796.html |publisher=diariodeleon.es}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |22 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |19 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |0 |- |2025–26 |Tarayyar Farko |26 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !46 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !46 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2026–27 |Ƙungiyar |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !69 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Real Madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2023-24 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2024 * Kofin Intercontinental na FIFA: 2024 '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] f41htfyzkj7ff5wvlzzicoul1pho2mb 0 179245 967956 967833 2026-10-15T19:14:03Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Tarihi */ 967956 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_4.svg|thumb|469x469px|Hoton kwayar halitta ta eukaryotic]] [[File:Celltypes.svg|thumb|400x400px|Kwatanta eukaryote da prokaryote.]] {{Databox}}'''membrane na tantanin halitta''' (wanda aka fi sani da membrane na plasma ko '''Membrane na cytoplasmic''', kuma a tarihi ana kiransa da '''plasmalemma''') membrane ne na halitta wanda ke raba da kare ciki na tantanin halittar daga yanayin waje (sararin waje).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cell Membranes |url=http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220092155/http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html |archive-date=2018-02-20 |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=users.rcn.com}}</ref> Membrane na tantanin halitta shine lipid bilayer, yawanci ya kunshi phospholipids da glycolipids; eukaryotes da wasu archaea yawanci suna da sterols (kamar [[cholesterol]] a cikin dabbobi) da aka rarraba tsakanin su, kiyaye isasshen ruwa na membrane a yanayin zafi daban-daban. Membrane kuma ya ƙunshi sunadarai na membrane, gami da sunadarai masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke ratsa membrane kuma suna aiki a matsayin masu jigilar kaya, da sunadarin sunadarai waɗanda ke haɗe da farfajiyar membrane, suna aiki azaman enzymes don sauƙaƙa hulɗa tare da yanayin tantanin halitta.<ref name="Herrmann-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Tom Herrmann |last2=Sandeep Sharma |date=March 2, 2019 |title=Physiology, Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538211/ |journal=StatPearls |location=1 SIU School of Medicine 2 Baptist Regional Medical Center |pmid=30855799}}</ref> Glycolipids da aka saka a cikin layin lipid na waje suna aiki da irin wannan dalili. Membrane na tantanin halitta yana sarrafa motsi na abubuwa a ciki da waje na tantanin halittar, yana iya shiga cikin ions da kwayoyin halitta.<ref name="Alberts-2002a">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref> Bugu da kari, membranes na tantanin halitta suna da hannu a cikin matakai daban-daban na salula kamar mannewar tantanin halitta, ion conductivity, da siginar tantanin halitta kuma suna aiki a matsayin faɗin haɗe don tsarin extracellular da yawa, gami da bangon tantanin halitta da murfin sel na carbohydrate da ake kira glycocalyx, da kuma cibiyar sadarwa ta intracellular na fiber protein da ake kira cytoskeleton. A fagen ilmin halitta na roba, ana iya sake haɗa membranes na sel ta hanyar wucin gadi.<ref name="Budin-2012">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Budin I, Devaraj NK |date=January 2012 |title=Membrane assembly driven by a biomimetic coupling reaction |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=134 |issue=2 |pages=751–3 |bibcode=2012JAChS.134..751B |doi=10.1021/ja2076873 |pmc=3262119 |pmid=22239722}}</ref><ref name="Staff-2012a">{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=January 25, 2012 |title=Chemists Synthesize Artificial Cell Membrane |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125132822.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129222718/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125132822.htm |archive-date=January 29, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2012 |publisher=[[ScienceDaily]]}}</ref><ref name="Staff-2012">{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=January 26, 2012 |title=Chemists create artificial cell membrane |url=http://www.kurzweilai.net/chemists-create-artificial-cell-membrane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128215025/http://www.kurzweilai.net/chemists-create-artificial-cell-membrane |archive-date=January 28, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2012 |publisher=[[Ray Kurzweil|kurzweilai.net]]}}</ref><ref name="Zeidi-2018">{{Cite journal |last=Zeidi |first=Mahdi |last2=Kim |first2=Chun IL |date=2018 |title=The effects of intra-membrane viscosity on lipid membrane morphology: complete analytical solution |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=12845 |bibcode=2018NatSR...812845Z |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-31251-6 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6110749 |pmid=30150612 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Tarihi == Binciken da Robert Hooke ya yi game da sel a cikin shekara ta alif 1665 ya haifar da gabatarwar ka'idar sel. Da farko an yi imanin cewa duk sel ɗin suna ƙunshe da bango mai wuya tun lokacin da za'a iya lura da ƙwayoyin shuke-shuke ne kawai a lokacin.<ref name="Lombard-2014">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lombard J |date=December 2014 |title=Once upon a time the cell membranes: 175 years of cell boundary research |journal=Biology Direct |volume=9 |page=32 |doi=10.1186/s13062-014-0032-7 |pmc=4304622 |pmid=25522740 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Microscopists sun mayar da hankali kan bangon tantanin halitta sama da shekaru 150 har sai an sami ci gaba a cikin microscopy. A farkon karni na 19, an gane sel a matsayin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, ba a haɗa su ba, kuma an ɗaure su da bangon tantanin halitta bayan an gano cewa za a iya raba ƙwayoyin shuka. Wannan ka'idar ta kara da ita don haɗawa da ƙwayoyin dabbobi don ba da shawarar hanyar duniya don kariya da ci gaba. A rabi na biyu na karni na 19, microscopy har yanzu bai ci gaba sosai ba don yin bambanci tsakanin membranes na tantanin halitta da bangon tantanin halitta. Koyaya, wasu masu binciken microscopists sun gano daidai a wannan lokacin cewa yayin da ba a ganuwa, ana iya ƙaddara cewa membranes na tantanin halitta sun wanzu a cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi saboda motsi na intracellular na abubuwan da ke ciki amma ba a waje ba kuma cewa membranes ba daidai ba ne da bango na tantanin shuka. An kuma yi la'akari da cewa membranes na tantanin halitta ba muhimman abubuwa ne ga dukkan sel ba. Mutane da yawa sun musanta wanzuwar membrane na tantanin halitta har yanzu zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19. A cikin 1890, wani bita ga ka'idar tantanin halitta ya bayyana cewa membranes na tantanin halitta sun wanzu, amma kawai tsarin sakandare ne. Ba har sai bayan karatun da aka yi da osmosis da permeability ba ne membranes na tantanin halitta suka sami karin karbuwa.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> A shekara ta 1895, Ernest Overton ya ba da shawarar cewa an yi membranes na tantanin halitta da lipids. Maganar lipid bilayer, wanda [[:nl:Evert Gorter|Gorter]] da Grendel suka gabatar a 1925, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gorter E, Grendel F |date=March 1925 |title=On Bimolecular Layers of Lipoids on the Chromocytes of the Blood |journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=439–43 |doi=10.1084/jem.41.4.439 |pmc=2130960 |pmid=19868999}}</ref> ya haifar da hasashe a cikin bayanin tsarin membrane bilayer na tantanin halitta wanda ya dogara da nazarin crystallographic da lura da sabulu. A cikin ƙoƙari na karɓar ko ƙin ra'ayin, masu bincike sun auna kaurin membrane. Wadannan masu bincike sun cire lipid daga jajayen ƙwayoyin jini na mutum kuma sun auna adadin yankin da lipid zai rufe lokacin da ya bazu a saman ruwa. Tun da ƙwayoyin jini masu tasowa ba su da ƙwayoyi da ƙwayoyan cytoplasmic, membrane na plasma shine kawai tsarin da ke dauke da lipid a cikin tantanin halitta. Sakamakon haka, duk lipids da aka cire daga sel za a iya ɗauka sun zauna a cikin membranes na plasma na sel. Rabin yankin saman ruwa da aka rufe da lipid ɗin da aka cire zuwa yankin saman da aka lissafa don jajayen ƙwayoyin jini daga abin da lipid ya kasance 2:1 (kimanin) kuma sun kammala cewa membrane na plasma ya ƙunshi lipid bilayer.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> A cikin 1925 Fricke ya ƙaddara cewa kauri na erythrocyte da membranes na yisti ya kasance tsakanin 3.3 da 4 nm, kauri mai jituwa tare da lipid monolayer. &nbsp;Zaɓin ma'aunin dielectric da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin waɗannan binciken an yi tambaya amma gwaje-gwaje na gaba ba za su iya karyata sakamakon gwajin farko ba. Da kansa, an ƙirƙiri leptoscope don auna membranes masu laushi ta hanyar kwatanta ƙarfin hasken da aka nuna daga samfurin zuwa ƙarfin ma'aunin membrane na sanannen kauri. Kayan aikin zai iya warware kauri wanda ya dogara da ma'aunin pH da kasancewar sunadarai na membrane wanda ya kasance daga 8.6 zuwa 23.2 nm, tare da ƙananan ma'auni da ke tallafawa lipid bilayer hypothesis. &nbsp;Daga baya a cikin shekarun 1930, tsarin tsarin membrane ya bunkasa a cikin yarjejeniya ta gaba ɗaya don zama samfurin paucimolecular na Davson da Danielli (1935). Wannan samfurin ya dogara ne akan nazarin tashin hankali tsakanin mai da ƙwai na echinoderm. Tun da yake ƙimar tashin hankali na sama sun bayyana sun fi ƙasa da yadda za a yi tsammani don ƙirar mai-ruwa, an ɗauka cewa wasu abubuwa suna da alhakin rage tashin hankali a saman sel. An ba da shawarar cewa lipid bilayer yana tsakanin nau'ikan furotin guda biyu. Tsarin paucimolecular nan da nan ya zama sananne kuma ya mamaye nazarin membrane na sel na shekaru 30 masu zuwa, har sai ya zama mai tsayayya da samfurin mosaic na Singer da Nicolson (1972).<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Duk da samfuran da yawa na membrane na tantanin halitta da aka gabatar kafin samfurin mosaic na ruwa, ya kasance ainihin nau'in membrane na sel tun bayan an fara shi a cikin shekarun 1970.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Kodayake an sabunta samfurin mosaic na ruwa don yin bayani dalla-dalla game da abubuwan da aka gano na zamani, abubuwan da suka dace sun kasance daidai: membrane shine lipid bilayer wanda ya ƙunshi kawunan waje na hydrophilic da kuma ciki na hydrophobic inda sunadarai zasu iya hulɗa tare da kawunan hydrophical ta hanyar hulɗar polar, amma sunadarai da ke ɗaukar bilayer gaba ɗaya ko kuma a wani ɓangare suna da hydrophobian amino acid wanda ke hulɗa tare le ba na polar lipid ciki ba. Misali na mosaic na ruwa ba wai kawai ya ba da cikakken wakilci na injiniyoyin membrane ba, ya inganta nazarin dakarun hydrophobic, wanda daga baya zai bunkasa ya zama iyakancewar bayyanawa don bayyana macromolecules na halitta.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Shekaru da yawa, masana kimiyya da suka ambata ba su yarda da muhimmancin tsarin da suke gani ba a matsayin membrane na tantanin halitta. Kusan ƙarni biyu, an ga membranes amma galibi an yi watsi da su a matsayin muhimmiyar tsari tare da aikin salula. Ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne muhimmancin membrane na tantanin halitta kamar yadda aka amince da shi. A ƙarshe, masana kimiyya biyu Gorter da Grendel (1925) sun gano cewa membrane "ya dogara ne da man fetur". Daga wannan, sun ci gaba da ra'ayin cewa wannan tsari dole ne ya kasance a cikin tsari wanda ya yi koyi da yadudduka. Da zarar an ci gaba da nazarin, an samo shi ta hanyar kwatanta jimlar saman tantanin halitta da saman lipids, an kiyasta rabo na 2: 1; don haka, samar da tushen farko na tsarin bilayer da aka sani a yau. Wannan binciken ya fara sabbin karatu da yawa waɗanda suka taso a duniya a cikin fannoni daban-daban na nazarin kimiyya, suna tabbatar da cewa tsarin da ayyukan membrane na tantanin halitta an yarda da su sosai.<ref name="Lombard-2014" /> Marubutan daban-daban sun kira tsarin a matsayin ectoplast (de Vries, 1885), [1] Plasmahaut (fatar plasma, Pfeffer, 1877, 1891), [2] Hautschicht (fatar fata, Pfefer, 1886; Hofmeister, 1867 ya yi amfani da shi da ma'ana daban-daban, membrane plasmatic (Pfeffer, 1900), [3] membrane plasma, membrane cytoplasmic, envelope cell da membrane. [4] [5] Wasu marubutan da ba su yi imani da cewa akwai iyaka mai aiki a saman tantanin halitta sun fi son amfani da kalmar plasmalemma (wanda Mast ya kirkiro, 1924) don yankin waje na tantanin halitta.[6][7][8] == Rubuce-rubuce == Membrane na sel suna dauke da kwayoyin halitta iri-iri, musamman lipids da sunadarai. Ba a saita abun da ke ciki ba, amma koyaushe yana canzawa don ruwa da canje-canje a cikin muhalli, har ma yana canzawa a lokuta daban-daban na ci gaban tantanin halitta. Musamman, adadin cholesterol a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwacewar ƙwayar cuta ta mutum yana canzawa, kuma wannan canji a cikin abun da ke ciki yana shafar ruwa a duk matakan ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Noutsi P, Gratton E, Chaieb S |date=2016-06-30 |title=Assessment of Membrane Fluidity Fluctuations during Cellular Development Reveals Time and Cell Type Specificity |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=11 |issue=6 |bibcode=2016PLoSO..1158313N |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0158313 |pmc=4928918 |pmid=27362860 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana haɗa kayan cikin membrane, ko share shi, ta hanyoyi daban-daban: * Haɗuwa da intracellular vesicles tare da membrane (exocytosis) ba wai kawai yana fitar da abubuwan da ke cikin vesicle ba har ma ya haɗa da abubuwan da suka shafi vesicle a cikin membrane na tantanin halitta. Membrane na iya samar da blebs a kusa da kayan extracellular wanda ke tsagewa don zama vesicles (endocytosis). * Idan membrane yana ci gaba tare da tsarin tubular da aka yi da kayan membrane, to ana iya zana kayan daga bututun zuwa cikin membrane koyaushe. * Kodayake maida hankali ga abubuwan membrane a cikin yanayin ruwa yana da ƙarancin (masu sashi na membrane masu ɗorewa suna da ƙaranci a cikin ruwa), akwai musayar kwayoyin tsakanin matakan lipid da ruwa. === Lipids === [[File:Membrane_Lipids.svg|right|thumb|310x310px|Misalan manyan membrane phospholipids da glycolipids: phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), phosphatidylethanolamine (P LtdEtn), phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), phospaditylserine (PtradSer).]] Membrane na tantanin halitta ya ƙunshi nau'o'i uku na lipids na amphipathic: phospholipids, glycolipids, da sterols. Adadin kowannensu ya dogara da nau'in tantanin halitta, amma a mafi yawan lokuta phospholipids sune mafi yawa, galibi suna ba da gudummawa ga sama da 50% na dukkan lipids a cikin membranes na plasma.<ref name="Lodish-2000a">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref><ref name="Cooper-2000">{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Geoffrey M. |name-list-style=vanc |date=2000 |title=Structure of the Plasma Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |url-status=live |journal=The Cell: A Molecular Approach |language=en |edition=2nd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919234732/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |archive-date=2017-09-19}}</ref> Glycolipids kawai suna da kimanin kashi 2% kuma sterols sun hada da sauran. A cikin nazarin jajayen jini, kashi 30% na membrane na plasma shine lipid. Koyaya, ga mafi yawan sel na eukaryotic, abun da ke cikin membranes na plasma kusan rabin lipids ne da rabin sunadarai ta hanyar nauyi. Sashin mai a cikin [[Phospholipid|phospholipids]] da [[Glycolipid|glycolipids]] yawanci suna dauke da adadin kwayar halitta ta carbon, yawanci tsakanin 16 da 20. 16- da 18-carbon fatty acids sune mafi yawanci. Ana iya cika acid mai ƙiba ko ba a cika shi ba, tare da tsari na haɗin biyu kusan koyaushe "cis". Tsawon da kuma matakin rashin cikawa na sarkar mai suna da tasiri mai zurfi a kan ruwa na membrane kamar yadda lipids marasa cikawa ke haifar da kink, hana fatty acids daga tattarawa tare kamar yadda yake da ƙarfi, don haka rage zafin narkewa (ƙara ruwa) na membrane.<ref name="Lodish-2000a2">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref><ref name="Cooper-20002">{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Geoffrey M. |name-list-style=vanc |date=2000 |title=Structure of the Plasma Membrane |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |url-status=live |journal=The Cell: A Molecular Approach |language=en |edition=2nd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919234732/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9898/ |archive-date=2017-09-19}}</ref> Ikon wasu kwayoyin halitta don daidaita [[Membrane fluidity|ruwa na membranes na sel]] ta hanyar canza abun da ke cikin lipid ana kiransa homeoviscous adaptation. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kqrf89letx8efd959mjdhg6i2246430 0 179276 967950 967799 2026-10-15T19:08:50Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Rayuwarsa da karatunsa */ 967950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Gregory Maksha Wajiga | birth_date = 15 Agusta 1956 | birth_place = Kwambla, Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta, malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama]] | known_for = Bincike a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta }} '''Gregory Maksha Wajiga''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar kwamfuta]]. Ya yi aiki a [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama]] da ke Yola, Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya. Bincikensa ya shafi kimiyyar kwamfuta da amfani da hanyoyin lissafi wajen warware matsaloli. == Rayuwarsa da karatunsa == An haifi Gregory Maksha Wajiga a ranar 15 ga Agusta 1956 a Kwambla, wani yanki da ke Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya. Ya halarci makarantu daban-daban kafin ya shiga jami'a. A shekarar alif 1979, ya sami digirin farko a fannin lissafi daga [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] da ke Zariya. Daga baya, a shekarar 1983, ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin binciken ayyuka (Operations Research) daga Jami'ar Aston da ke Birmingham, Ingila. Ya kuma sami digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta daga [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] a shekarar 2000.<ref name="BLERF">{{cite web |title=Wajiga, Gregory Maksha |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/wajiga-gregory-maksha/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref><ref name="Handbook">{{cite web |title=B.Sc. Mathematics Undergraduate Students' Handbook |url=https://fukashere.com.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/BSc-Mathematics_Students-Handbook-2019_2023.pdf |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa da bincike == Wajiga ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a jami'o'in Najeriya, musamman a fannin lissafi da kimiyyar kwamfuta. Ya rike mukamai daban-daban a tsohuwar Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Yola, wadda daga baya ta zama Jami'ar Modibbo Adama. Daga cikin mukaman da ya rike akwai shugabancin sashen Operations Research and Planning, shugabancin sashen Mathematics and Statistics, da kula da cibiyar kwamfuta ta jami'ar. Ya kuma yi aiki a sashen kimiyyar kwamfuta na jami'ar a matsayin farfesa.<ref name="BLERF"/><ref name="MAU">{{cite web |title=Department of Computer Science |url=https://mau.edu.ng/course/7LYRrD2a/faculty |website=Modibbo Adama University |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Wajiga ya wallafa bincike tare da sauran masana a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta da lissafi. Daga cikin ayyukansa akwai bincike kan amfani da hanyoyin ''Artificial Neural Networks'' wajen taimakawa wajen tantance guraben shiga jami'o'in Najeriya.<ref name="Neural">{{cite web |title=Students' Admission Placement in Nigerian Universities Using Artificial Neural Networks |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369188992_Students%27_Admission_placement_in_Nigerian_Universities_Using_Artificial_Neural_Networks_1 |website=ResearchGate |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki tare da wasu masu bincike a kan amfani da dabarun ''Ant Colony Optimization'' wajen hasashen sauye-sauyen kasuwar hannayen jari.<ref name="Stock">{{cite web |title=Stock Market Forecasting Using Ant Colony Optimization Based Algorithm |url=https://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/10.11648/10040074 |website=American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar kwamfuta]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafi]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Adamawa]] p10p1i98zpybblleicjsd1p19hw6sfd 967952 967950 2026-10-15T19:09:23Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Rayuwarsa da karatunsa */ 967952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Gregory Maksha Wajiga | birth_date = 15 Agusta 1956 | birth_place = Kwambla, Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta, malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama]] | known_for = Bincike a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta }} '''Gregory Maksha Wajiga''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar kwamfuta]]. Ya yi aiki a [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama]] da ke Yola, Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya. Bincikensa ya shafi kimiyyar kwamfuta da amfani da hanyoyin lissafi wajen warware matsaloli. == Rayuwarsa da karatunsa == An haifi Gregory Maksha Wajiga a ranar 15 ga watan Augusta a shekara ta 1956 a Kwambla, wani yanki da ke Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya. Ya halarci makarantu daban-daban kafin ya shiga jami'a. A shekarar alif 1979, ya sami digirin farko a fannin lissafi daga [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] da ke Zariya. Daga baya, a shekarar 1983, ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin binciken ayyuka (Operations Research) daga Jami'ar Aston da ke Birmingham, Ingila. Ya kuma sami digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta daga [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] a shekarar 2000.<ref name="BLERF">{{cite web |title=Wajiga, Gregory Maksha |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/wajiga-gregory-maksha/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref><ref name="Handbook">{{cite web |title=B.Sc. Mathematics Undergraduate Students' Handbook |url=https://fukashere.com.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/BSc-Mathematics_Students-Handbook-2019_2023.pdf |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa da bincike == Wajiga ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a jami'o'in Najeriya, musamman a fannin lissafi da kimiyyar kwamfuta. Ya rike mukamai daban-daban a tsohuwar Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Yola, wadda daga baya ta zama Jami'ar Modibbo Adama. Daga cikin mukaman da ya rike akwai shugabancin sashen Operations Research and Planning, shugabancin sashen Mathematics and Statistics, da kula da cibiyar kwamfuta ta jami'ar. Ya kuma yi aiki a sashen kimiyyar kwamfuta na jami'ar a matsayin farfesa.<ref name="BLERF"/><ref name="MAU">{{cite web |title=Department of Computer Science |url=https://mau.edu.ng/course/7LYRrD2a/faculty |website=Modibbo Adama University |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Wajiga ya wallafa bincike tare da sauran masana a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta da lissafi. Daga cikin ayyukansa akwai bincike kan amfani da hanyoyin ''Artificial Neural Networks'' wajen taimakawa wajen tantance guraben shiga jami'o'in Najeriya.<ref name="Neural">{{cite web |title=Students' Admission Placement in Nigerian Universities Using Artificial Neural Networks |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369188992_Students%27_Admission_placement_in_Nigerian_Universities_Using_Artificial_Neural_Networks_1 |website=ResearchGate |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki tare da wasu masu bincike a kan amfani da dabarun ''Ant Colony Optimization'' wajen hasashen sauye-sauyen kasuwar hannayen jari.<ref name="Stock">{{cite web |title=Stock Market Forecasting Using Ant Colony Optimization Based Algorithm |url=https://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/10.11648/10040074 |website=American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar kwamfuta]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafi]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Adamawa]] ouzk4ikrxls2byk69qmm9yqcmsxl6lu 3 179280 967986 967814 2026-10-15T21:25:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{welcome}} [[User:Salihu Aliyu|S Ahmad Fulani]] 10:31, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Buzzlightyear34! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Buzzlightyear34|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) qqoal8bxrdvbfebbqo9rj7fmz2yu9cv 3 179281 967985 967815 2026-10-15T21:25:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{welcome}} [[User:Salihu Aliyu|S Ahmad Fulani]] 10:31, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sarauta125! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sarauta125|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 7qjrkl4zahjanfc8dmm84v58o2l2t10 3 179282 967841 2026-10-15T12:53:59Z Céréales Killer 4616 Céréales Killer moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Fróis]] to [[Tattaunawar user:ꯑ]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Fróis|Fróis]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/ꯑ|ꯑ]]" 967841 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:ꯑ]] 3q9erdkmd73ukcq82bv246q90fu2cwz 0 179283 967871 2026-10-15T16:02:19Z Yahuzaishat 20549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375429656|Cuban Lodge]]" 967871 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>Cuban Lodge gini ne da ke kan titin Odunlami, [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]], Najeriya . An gina shi a cikin 1932 ta hanyar mai dawowa na Afro-Cuban Hilario Campos, ginin yana da alaƙa da al'ummar Afro-Kuban da suka zauna a Legas a lokacin mulkin mallaka. Ana ɗaukar ginin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen da suka wanzu har zuwa yau, waɗanda ke nuna tasirin tsarin gine-ginen Afro-Cuban a Legas. Ginin na daga cikin abubuwan tarihi da al'adun al'ummomin da suka dawo Tsibirin Legas daga ƙasashen Latin Amurka da yankin Karibiyan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Otero |first=Solimar |year=2013 |title=Situating Lagosian, Caribbean, and Latin American Diasporas}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Hi[[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] * Gine-gine na Legas * 'Yan Afirka da Cuba == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} e77ooc39jrywt3weuwrruow2lqtrxqy 0 179284 967873 2026-10-15T16:12:30Z Yahuzaishat 20549 Created a new page 967873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jengre''' gari ne da ke cikin Masarautar Pengana, a Gundumar Jere, cikin [[Bassa, Plateau State|Ƙaramar Hukumar Bassa]] ta [[Jihar Filato]], a [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alozie |first=Ezinwa |date=2022-10-27 |title=Special Prayer for Adventist College of Nursing Sciences' Inaguration in Jengre |url=https://adventist.news/news/special-prayer-for-adventist-college-of-nursing-sciences-inaguration-in-jengre |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=Adventist News Network |language=en}}</ref> Gari ne daga cikin matsugunan al'ummar [[Zele language|Jere]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Blench|first=Roger |date=2021-01-01 |title=Introduction to the Shammɔ peoples of Central Nigeria |url=https://www.academia.edu/48907913/Introduction_to_the_Shamm%C9%94_peoples_of_Central_Nigeria}}</ref> Jengre yana yankin arewacin [[Bassa, Plateau State|Ƙaramar Hukumar Bassa]], kuma yana iyaka da Jihar Kaduna ta ɓangaren arewa, a wani wuri da ake kira ''Kan'iyaka''. Jengre ita ce hedkwatar Masarautar Pengana, kuma a nan ne mazaunin babban basaraken masarautar, wanda ake yi wa laƙabi da Ogomo Pengana, yake. An gina fadar Ogomo a garin Jengre na al'ummar [[Zele language|Jere]] a kusan shekarar 1952.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Yearwood |first=Peter J. |title=The Creation of the Pengana Chieftaincy on the Northern Jos Plateau, Nigeria, 1952-55 |last2=Dr John |first2=Nengel |publisher=Peter J. Yearwood, University of Papua New Guinea and Dr John Nengel, University of Jos in Nigeria |pages=7–8}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokaci, fadar ta kasance mazaunin dindindin na mai mulkin masarautar.<ref name=":0" /> == Sadarwa == === Sadarwar tangaraho === Layin sadarwar [[Telegraphy|tangaraho]] da ya taso daga [[Zungeru]], wadda a wancan lokacin ita ce babban birnin [[Northern Nigeria Protectorate|Yankin Arewacin Najeriya na ƙarƙashin mulkin Birtaniya]], ya bi ta [[Naraguta]] da [[Rahama]] kafin ya isa Jengre a shekarar 1913. An kuma gina ofishin sadarwar tangaraho a garin, tare da shimfiɗa wayoyin sadarwa guda biyu a kan hanyar jirgin ƙasa tsakanin Rahama da Jengre.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1913_northern_nigeria/3064634_1913_northern_nigeria_opt.pdf|title=Annual Report of the Colonies, Northern Nigeria, 1913|trans-title=XIV.—POSTS AND TELEGRAPHS.|issue=821|page=19|location=London|date=December 1914|access-date=April 26, 2025}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Populated places in Plateau State]] [[Category:Towns in Nigeria]] [[Category:Bassa, Plateau State]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} 35bjv33wuexga3zdx6cbw23x4835zsc 968186 967873 2026-10-16T10:21:31Z Kamaf001 48297 968186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jengre''' gari ne da ke cikin Masarautar Pengana, a Gundumar Jere, cikin [[Bassa, Plateau State|Ƙaramar Hukumar Bassa]] ta [[Jihar Filato]], a kasar [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alozie |first=Ezinwa |date=2022-10-27 |title=Special Prayer for Adventist College of Nursing Sciences' Inaguration in Jengre |url=https://adventist.news/news/special-prayer-for-adventist-college-of-nursing-sciences-inaguration-in-jengre |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=Adventist News Network |language=en}}</ref> Gari ne daga cikin matsugunan al'ummar [[Zele language|Jere]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Blench|first=Roger |date=2021-01-01 |title=Introduction to the Shammɔ peoples of Central Nigeria |url=https://www.academia.edu/48907913/Introduction_to_the_Shamm%C9%94_peoples_of_Central_Nigeria}}</ref> Jengre yana yankin arewacin [[Bassa, Plateau State|Ƙaramar Hukumar Bassa]], kuma yana iyaka da Jihar Kaduna ta ɓangaren arewa, a wani wuri da ake kira ''Kan'iyaka''. Jengre ita ce hedkwatar Masarautar Pengana, kuma a nan ne mazaunin babban basaraken masarautar, wanda ake yi wa laƙabi da Ogomo Pengana, yake. An gina fadar Ogomo a garin Jengre na al'ummar [[Zele language|Jere]] a kusan shekarar 1952.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Yearwood |first=Peter J. |title=The Creation of the Pengana Chieftaincy on the Northern Jos Plateau, Nigeria, 1952-55 |last2=Dr John |first2=Nengel |publisher=Peter J. Yearwood, University of Papua New Guinea and Dr John Nengel, University of Jos in Nigeria |pages=7–8}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokaci, fadar ta kasance mazaunin dindindin na mai mulkin masarautar.<ref name=":0" /> == Sadarwa == === Sadarwar tangaraho === Layin sadarwar [[Telegraphy|tangaraho]] da ya taso daga [[Zungeru]], wadda a wancan lokacin ita ce babban birnin [[Northern Nigeria Protectorate|Yankin Arewacin Najeriya na ƙarƙashin mulkin Birtaniya]], ya bi ta [[Naraguta]] da [[Rahama]] kafin ya isa Jengre a shekarar 1913. An kuma gina ofishin sadarwar tangaraho a garin, tare da shimfiɗa wayoyin sadarwa guda biyu a kan hanyar jirgin ƙasa tsakanin Rahama da Jengre.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1913_northern_nigeria/3064634_1913_northern_nigeria_opt.pdf|title=Annual Report of the Colonies, Northern Nigeria, 1913|trans-title=XIV.—POSTS AND TELEGRAPHS.|issue=821|page=19|location=London|date=December 1914|access-date=April 26, 2025}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Populated places in Plateau State]] [[Category:Towns in Nigeria]] [[Category:Bassa, Plateau State]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} e90gac57leish1yxj4ifckgpq4pe2m7 0 179285 967875 2026-10-15T16:19:46Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Mshelia Inuwa Bello | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Masanin lissafi, farfesa | employer = [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] | known_for = Bincike a fannin lissafi }} '''Mshelia Inuwa Bello''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafi]]. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Kimiyyar Lissafi na [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], da ke Bauchi, Najeriya. Bincikensa ya haɗa da nazarin tsarin lissafi da ka'idojin lissafi.<ref name="ATBU">{{cite web |t... 967875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Mshelia Inuwa Bello | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Masanin lissafi, farfesa | employer = [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] | known_for = Bincike a fannin lissafi }} '''Mshelia Inuwa Bello''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafi]]. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Kimiyyar Lissafi na [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], da ke Bauchi, Najeriya. Bincikensa ya haɗa da nazarin tsarin lissafi da ka'idojin lissafi.<ref name="ATBU">{{cite web |title=Staff of Mathematical Sciences |url=https://hrms.atbu.edu.ng/dept/63/staff |website=Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Ilimi == Bisa ga littafin bayanan ɗaliban Federal University of Kashere, Bello ya sami digirin farko na B.Sc. a fannin lissafi daga Jami'ar Maiduguri a shekarar 1990. Ya sami digirin M.Sc. a fannin lissafi daga Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a shekarar 1994, sannan ya kammala digirin PhD a fannin lissafi a wannan jami'a a shekarar 2003.<ref name="Handbook">{{cite web |title=B.Sc. Computer Science & B.Sc. Mathematics Programmes Students' Handbook |url=https://fukashere.com.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Old-Students-Handbook-2015.pdf |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == Bello ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a fannin lissafi. Shafin Sashen Kimiyyar Lissafi na Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ya lissafa shi cikin malaman sashen da ke da digiri na B.Sc., M.Sc. da PhD a fannin lissafi.<ref name="ATBU"/> Littafin bayanan ɗaliban Federal University of Kashere ya kuma lissafa shi a matsayin farfesa mai ziyara a sashen lissafi.<ref name="Handbook"/> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Bello ya wallafa bincike tare da wasu masana a fannin lissafi. Daga cikin ayyukansa akwai binciken da ya yi tare da Tijjani I. Gandi da Sabo Hamma mai taken ''On Simple and Regular Permutation Groups of Degree 3p – Numerical Approach'', wanda aka wallafa a cikin International Journal of Development Mathematics a shekarar 2025.<ref name="Permutation">{{cite journal |last=Gandi |first=Tijjani I. |last2=Hamma |first2=Sabo |last3=Bello |first3=Mshelia I. |title=On Simple and Regular Permutation Groups of Degree 3p - Numerical Approach |journal=International Journal of Development Mathematics |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=105–110 |year=2025 |doi=10.62054/ijdm/0201.08 |url=https://ijdm.org.ng/index.php/Journals/article/view/136}}</ref> Ya kuma yi bincike tare da Enoch Suleiman a kan yadda ake samar da tsarin topology daga tarin ƙungiyoyin abubuwa.<ref name="Topology">{{cite web |title=Topology Generated By Collection of Subsets |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355757936_Topology_Generated_By_Collection_of_Subsets |website=ResearchGate}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafi]] b0lh49860h7e2tg9urhc55qrs5tg290 0 179286 967877 2026-10-15T16:23:08Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Rasaq Bello | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Farfesa, malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] }} '''Rasaq Bello''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya da ke aiki a [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], wadda take a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Jami'ar ta lissafa shi a matsayin shugaban tsangayar Kimiyya (Faculty of Science).<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-science/ |website=Federal U... 967877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Rasaq Bello | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Farfesa, malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] }} '''Rasaq Bello''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya da ke aiki a [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], wadda take a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Jami'ar ta lissafa shi a matsayin shugaban tsangayar Kimiyya (Faculty of Science).<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-science/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Aikinsa a jami'a == Bello yana da alaƙa da gudanar da harkokin ilimi a Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere. A shafin jami'ar na tsangayar Kimiyya, an ambace shi a matsayin shugaban tsangayar.<ref name="FUK"/> Tsangayar Kimiyya ta jami'ar tana da sassa daban-daban, ciki har da Sashen Lissafi da Kididdiga, wanda ke koyarwa da gudanar da bincike a fannin lissafi da sauran fannoni masu alaƙa.<ref name="Faculty">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-science/ |website=Federal University of Kashere}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana ilimi]] i7g3315b20f1gvzkv5ryspcziud3l7d 0 179287 967878 2026-10-15T16:25:59Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Musa Mohammed Kirfi | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Farfesa, malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike a fannin gudanar da harkokin jama'a }} '''Musa Mohammed Kirfi''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin gudanar da harkokin jama'a (Public Administration). Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An bayyana shi a matsayin ma'aikacin Sashen Gudanar da Harkokin... 967878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Musa Mohammed Kirfi | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Farfesa, malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike a fannin gudanar da harkokin jama'a }} '''Musa Mohammed Kirfi''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin gudanar da harkokin jama'a (Public Administration). Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An bayyana shi a matsayin ma'aikacin Sashen Gudanar da Harkokin Jama'a a cikin mujallun bincike na jami'ar.<ref name="Kashere2024">{{cite journal |last1=Mohammed |first1=Mamud Yero |last2=Kirfi |first2=Musa Mohammed |title=The Role of Social Media in Political Mobilization: A Study of APC Gubernatorial Election in Gombe State |journal=Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=320–331 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjpir/article/view/247}}</ref> == Ilimi da aikin koyarwa == Kirfi malami ne kuma mai bincike a fannin gudanar da harkokin jama'a. Ayyukansa sun shafi gudanar da ma'aikata, inganta ayyukan gwamnati, gina ƙwarewar ma'aikata da sauye-sauyen tsarin gudanarwa.<ref name="Research2025">{{cite journal |last1=Kirfi |first1=Musa Mohammed |last2=Aliyu |first2=Almustapha A. |last3=Solomon |first3=Othniel |last4=Bature |first4=Abubakar Dahiru |title=Strategic Planning and Institutional Excellence in Lake Chad Research Institute: A Beginner's Guide to Understanding Pathways |journal=Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=429–442 |year=2025 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjpir/article/view/783}}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Kirfi ya wallafa bincike tare da sauran masana a fannin gudanarwa da kimiyyar siyasa. A shekarar 2024, ya wallafa bincike tare da Mamud Yero Mohammed mai taken ''The Role of Social Media in Political Mobilization: A Study of APC Gubernatorial Election in Gombe State''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan yadda ake amfani da kafofin sada zumunta wajen wayar da kan jama'a da ƙarfafa shiga harkokin siyasa a lokacin zaɓen gwamnan Jihar Gombe na shekarun 2019 zuwa 2023.<ref name="Kashere2024"/> A shekarar 2025, ya wallafa bincike tare da wasu masana kan rawar da tsara manufofi ke takawa wajen inganta ayyukan cibiyoyin bincike, tare da nazarin Lake Chad Research Institute a matsayin misali.<ref name="Research2025"/> A wani bincike da aka gabatar a taron ƙasa da ƙasa na Faculty of Management Sciences na [[Jami'ar Bayero, Kano]], Kirfi da abokan aikinsa sun yi nazarin alaƙar salon shugabanci, al'adun ƙungiya da ƙwarin gwiwar ma'aikata a hukumomin tara kuɗaɗen shiga na Najeriya.<ref name="BUK">{{cite conference |author=Musa Mohammed Kirfi |title=Leadership Style, Organizational Culture and Employees' Motivation to Perform in Nigerian Revenue Generating Agencies |booktitle=Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, Faculty of Management Sciences, Bayero University, Kano |url=https://buk.edu.ng/sites/default/files/pdf/Conferences/FMS3rdInternationalConferenceProceedingsVol.1.pdf}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana gudanar da harkokin jama'a]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] 2uo582w90cju4gwbddqwxww66qwb3po 0 179288 967879 2026-10-15T16:28:15Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Othniel Solomon | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike kan siyasa da gudanarwar gwamnati }} '''Othniel Solomon''' mai bincike ne ɗan Najeriya mai alaƙa da Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ya wallafa bincike tare da wasu masana kan manufofin gwamnati, sauye-sauyen haraji da tsara ayyukan cibiyoyin b... 967879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Othniel Solomon | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike kan siyasa da gudanarwar gwamnati }} '''Othniel Solomon''' mai bincike ne ɗan Najeriya mai alaƙa da Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ya wallafa bincike tare da wasu masana kan manufofin gwamnati, sauye-sauyen haraji da tsara ayyukan cibiyoyin bincike.<ref name="Tax">{{cite journal |last1=Kirfi |first1=Musa Mohammed |last2=Aliyu |first2=Almustapha A. |last3=Solomon |first3=Othniel |title=Nigeria’s Tax Reforms and the Quest for Economic Stability: A Conceptual Narration |journal=Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=142–150 |year=2025 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjpir/article/view/691}}</ref><ref name="Planning">{{cite journal |last1=Kirfi |first1=Musa Mohammed |last2=Aliyu |first2=Almustapha A. |last3=Solomon |first3=Othniel |last4=Bature |first4=Abubakar Dahiru |title=Strategic Planning and Institutional Excellence in Lake Chad Research Institute: A Beginner’s Guide to Understanding Pathways |journal=Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=429–442 |year=2025 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjpir/article/view/783}}</ref> == Aikin bincike == Solomon ya yi bincike tare da Musa Mohammed Kirfi da Almustapha A. Aliyu kan sauye-sauyen haraji a Najeriya da kuma tasirinsu ga daidaiton tattalin arziki. An wallafa binciken a shekarar 2025 a mujallar Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations.<ref name="Tax"/> A wani binciken da aka wallafa a shekarar 2025, Solomon ya haɗa kai da Musa Mohammed Kirfi, Almustapha A. Aliyu da Abubakar Dahiru Bature wajen nazarin rawar tsara manufofi wajen inganta ayyukan Lake Chad Research Institute. Binciken ya tattauna muhimmancin tsare-tsare, jagoranci da sa ido wajen cimma manufofin cibiyoyi.<ref name="Planning"/> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar siyasa]] 2h7knb586c4jqtfq1jf20a2iriwy3cf 967926 967879 2026-10-15T18:15:12Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Aikin bincike */ 967926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Othniel Solomon | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike kan siyasa da gudanarwar gwamnati }} '''Othniel Solomon''' mai bincike ne ɗan Najeriya mai alaƙa da Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ya wallafa bincike tare da wasu masana kan manufofin gwamnati, sauye-sauyen haraji da tsara ayyukan cibiyoyin bincike.<ref name="Tax">{{cite journal |last1=Kirfi |first1=Musa Mohammed |last2=Aliyu |first2=Almustapha A. |last3=Solomon |first3=Othniel |title=Nigeria’s Tax Reforms and the Quest for Economic Stability: A Conceptual Narration |journal=Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=142–150 |year=2025 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjpir/article/view/691}}</ref><ref name="Planning">{{cite journal |last1=Kirfi |first1=Musa Mohammed |last2=Aliyu |first2=Almustapha A. |last3=Solomon |first3=Othniel |last4=Bature |first4=Abubakar Dahiru |title=Strategic Planning and Institutional Excellence in Lake Chad Research Institute: A Beginner’s Guide to Understanding Pathways |journal=Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=429–442 |year=2025 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjpir/article/view/783}}</ref> == Aikin bincike == Solomon ya yi bincike tare da Musa Mohammed Kirfi da Almustapha A. Aliyu kan sauye-sauyen haraji a Najeriya da kuma tasirinsu ga daidaiton tattalin arziki. An wallafa binciken a shekarar 2025 a mujallar Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations.<ref name="Tax"/> A wani binciken da aka wallafa a shekarar dubu biyu da ashrin da biyar 2025, Solomon ya haɗa kai da Musa Mohammed Kirfi, Almustapha A. Aliyu da Abubakar Dahiru Bature wajen nazarin rawar tsara manufofi wajen inganta ayyukan Lake Chad Research Institute. Binciken ya tattauna muhimmancin tsare-tsare, jagoranci da sa ido wajen cimma manufofin cibiyoyi.<ref name="Planning"/> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar siyasa]] e9m6o3p6eh0a2csnur8qfd90wjvhpdq 0 179289 967880 2026-10-15T16:29:57Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Abdulkadir Rabiu Garba | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike kan tallace-tallace da halayen masu saye }} '''Abdulkadir Rabiu Garba''' malami ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya wanda yake da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting and Business Administration na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ya yi bincike kan dabarun tallace-tallace da... 967880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Abdulkadir Rabiu Garba | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike kan tallace-tallace da halayen masu saye }} '''Abdulkadir Rabiu Garba''' malami ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya wanda yake da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting and Business Administration na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ya yi bincike kan dabarun tallace-tallace da tasirinsu ga halayen masu saye.<ref name="Kashere">{{cite journal |last1=Abubakar |first1=Magaji Adamu |last2=Garba |first2=Abdulkadir Rabiu |title=Influence of Marketing Strategies on Consumer Behaviour: A Study of Consumers of Paterson Zochonis (PZ) Cussons Nigeria Plc Kano |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=1 |issue=1 |year=2024 |url=https://www.journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/265}}</ref> == Aikin bincike == Garba ya wallafa bincike tare da Magaji Adamu Abubakar mai taken ''Influence of Marketing Strategies on Consumer Behaviour: A Study of Consumers of Paterson Zochonis (PZ) Cussons Nigeria Plc Kano''. An wallafa binciken a mujallar Kashere Journal of Management Sciences.<ref name="Kashere"/> Binciken ya yi nazari kan yadda dabarun tallace-tallace na kamfanin PZ Cussons Nigeria Plc da ke Kano ke shafar halayen masu saye. Masu binciken sun yi amfani da bayanan tambayoyi da kuma hanyar nazarin bambancin sakamako don tantance tasirin farashi, marufi da tallace-tallace. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa waɗannan dabaru suna da tasiri ga halayen masu saye.<ref name="Kashere"/> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana harkokin kasuwanci]] 04tladnnlool94m45p6n35ocv3w09fw 0 179290 967882 2026-10-15T16:31:29Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Magaji Adamu Abubakar | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike kan tallace-tallace da halayen masu saye }} '''Magaji Adamu Abubakar''' malami ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin lissafin kuɗi da harkokin kasuwanci. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting and Business Administration na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya.<ref na... 967882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Magaji Adamu Abubakar | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike kan tallace-tallace da halayen masu saye }} '''Magaji Adamu Abubakar''' malami ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin lissafin kuɗi da harkokin kasuwanci. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting and Business Administration na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya.<ref name="KJMS">{{cite journal |last=Abubakar |first=Magaji Adamu |last2=Garba |first2=Abdulkadir Rabiu |title=Influence of Marketing Strategies on Consumer Behaviour: A Study of Consumers of Paterson Zochonis (PZ) Cussons Nigeria Plc Kano |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |year=2024 |url=https://www.journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/265}}</ref> == Aikin bincike == Abubakar ya yi bincike tare da Abdulkadir Rabiu Garba kan tasirin dabarun tallace-tallace ga halayen masu saye. An wallafa binciken mai taken ''Influence of Marketing Strategies on Consumer Behaviour: A Study of Consumers of Paterson Zochonis (PZ) Cussons Nigeria Plc Kano'' a cikin Kashere Journal of Management Sciences.<ref name="KJMS"/> Binciken ya yi nazari kan yadda farashi, marufi da tallace-tallace ke tasiri ga halayen masu saye na kayayyakin PZ Cussons Nigeria Plc a Kano. Masu binciken sun yi amfani da bayanan tambayoyi da kuma hanyar nazarin bambancin sakamako. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa dabarun tallace-tallace suna da tasiri mai muhimmanci ga halayen masu saye.<ref name="KJMS"/> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] [[Rukuni:Masana harkokin kasuwanci]] pr36zfk5coia3se6g4qj2ibyejhkiyy 967927 967882 2026-10-15T18:15:58Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Aikin bincike */ 967927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Magaji Adamu Abubakar | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike kan tallace-tallace da halayen masu saye }} '''Magaji Adamu Abubakar''' malami ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin lissafin kuɗi da harkokin kasuwanci. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting and Business Administration na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya.<ref name="KJMS">{{cite journal |last=Abubakar |first=Magaji Adamu |last2=Garba |first2=Abdulkadir Rabiu |title=Influence of Marketing Strategies on Consumer Behaviour: A Study of Consumers of Paterson Zochonis (PZ) Cussons Nigeria Plc Kano |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |year=2024 |url=https://www.journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/265}}</ref> == Aikin bincike == Abubakar ya yi bincike tare da Abdulkadir Rabiu Garba kan tasirin dabarun tallace-tallace ga halayen masu saye. An wallafa binciken mai taken ''Influence of Marketing Strategies on Consumer Behaviour: A Study of Consumers of Paterson Zochonis (PZ) Cussons Nigeria Plc Kano'' a cikin Kashere Journal of Management Sciences.<ref name="KJMS"/> Binciken ya yi nazari kan yadda farashi, marufi da tallace-tallace ke tasiri ga halayen masu saye na kayayyakin PZ Cussons Nigeria Plc a jihar Kano. Masu binciken sun yi amfani da bayanan tambayoyi da kuma hanyar nazarin bambancin sakamako. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa dabarun tallace-tallace suna da tasiri mai muhimmanci ga halayen masu saye.<ref name="KJMS"/> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] [[Rukuni:Masana harkokin kasuwanci]] ckssz9o564uka69f3p3m436e6sb01dm 0 179291 967883 2026-10-15T16:34:05Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Fatimah Sa’ad | occupation = Mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = Lissafin kuɗi }} '''Fatimah Sa’ad''' mai bincike ce a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]], wadda aka ambata a matsayin ma'aikaciyar Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya, a cikin wani binciken ilimi da aka wallafa a shekarar 2023.<ref name="KJMS2023">{{cite journal |title=Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of... 967883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Fatimah Sa’ad | occupation = Mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = Lissafin kuɗi }} '''Fatimah Sa’ad''' mai bincike ce a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]], wadda aka ambata a matsayin ma'aikaciyar Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya, a cikin wani binciken ilimi da aka wallafa a shekarar 2023.<ref name="KJMS2023">{{cite journal |title=Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Listed Health Care Firms in Nigeria |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=6 |year=2023 |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/download/301/259/1082 }}</ref> == Bincike == A shekarar 2023, Fatimah Sa’ad ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken mai taken ''Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Listed Health Care Firms in Nigeria'', tare da Hauwa Saidu da Ahmed Ishaku. Binciken ya yi nazari kan tasirin jarin ilimi ga ayyukan kuɗi na kamfanonin kiwon lafiya da aka jera a Najeriya, ta amfani da bayanan kamfanonin daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2022.<ref name="KJMS2023"/> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] re25n4jfhvicfnje4ul7jwj0816jgm1 0 179292 967884 2026-10-15T16:35:58Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Abubakar Abubakar | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malami, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Abubakar Abubakar''' malami ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]]. An danganta shi da Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ya wallafa bincike kan lissafin kuɗi, gudanar da kamfanoni, haraji da ayyukan kuɗi.<ref name="Kashe... 967884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Abubakar Abubakar | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malami, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Abubakar Abubakar''' malami ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]]. An danganta shi da Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ya wallafa bincike kan lissafin kuɗi, gudanar da kamfanoni, haraji da ayyukan kuɗi.<ref name="Kashere">{{cite journal |last=Abubakar |first=Abubakar |title=Board Dynamics and Earnings Management of Listed Industrial Goods Firms in Nigeria |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=6 |issue=1 |year=2023 |url=https://www.journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/283 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == A shekarar 2020, Abubakar ya wallafa bincike tare da Saifullahi Abdullahi Mazadu da Ahmed Mogauri Yusuf mai taken ''Audit Quality and Earning Management of Listed Insurance Companies in Nigeria''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan alaƙar ingancin binciken lissafin kuɗi da yadda kamfanonin inshora ke gudanar da rahoton ribarsu.<ref name="Audit">{{cite journal |last=Abubakar |first=Abubakar |last2=Mazadu |first2=Saifullahi Abdullahi |last3=Yusuf |first3=Ahmed Mogauri |title=Audit Quality and Earning Management of Listed Insurance Companies in Nigeria |journal=Gusau Journal of Accounting and Finance |volume=1 |issue=1 |year=2020 |url=https://journals.gujaf.com.ng/index.php/gujaf/article/view/13 }}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ya yi bincike tare da wasu marubuta kan alaƙar halayen kamfanoni da bayanan da suke bayyanawa ga jama'a a rahotanninsu na kuɗi. An wallafa binciken a mujallar ''Gusau Journal of Accounting and Finance''.<ref name="Firm">{{cite journal |last=Abubakar |first=Abubakar |last2=Abdullahi |first2=Zaharaddeen |last3=Alkantara |first3=Abba Kabir |last4=Saleh |first4=Ibrahim Adamu |title=Firm Attributes and Corporate Voluntary Information Disclosure of Listed Industrial Goods Firms in Nigeria |journal=Gusau Journal of Accounting and Finance |volume=2 |issue=1 |year=2021 |url=https://www.journals.gujaf.com.ng/index.php/gujaf/article/view/56 }}</ref> A shekarar 2022, ya wallafa bincike tare da Ahmad Muhammad Ahmad da Shehu Usman Hassan kan tasirin tsarin samun jari ga ayyukan kuɗi na kamfanonin noma da aka jera a Najeriya.<ref name="Capital">{{cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Ahmad Muhammad |last2=Hassan |first2=Shehu Usman |last3=Abubakar |first3=Abubakar |title=Impact of Capital Structure on Financial Performance of Listed Agricultural Companies in Nigeria |journal=Gusau Journal of Accounting and Finance |volume=3 |issue=3 |year=2022 |url=https://journals.gujaf.com.ng/index.php/gujaf/article/view/189 }}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ya wallafa bincike tare da Shehu Usman Hassan kan yadda halayen kwamitin gudanarwa ke da alaƙa da sarrafa ribar kamfanonin kayayyakin masana'antu a Najeriya.<ref name="Board">{{cite journal |last=Abubakar |first=Abubakar |last2=Hassan |first2=Shehu Usman |title=Board Dynamics and Earnings Management of Listed Industrial Goods Firms in Nigeria |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=6 |issue=1 |year=2023 |url=https://www.journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/283 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] 2vvpp2h2gvocxi7bxddiynfew6b4fbk 0 179293 967886 2026-10-15T16:37:49Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Adamu Danazumi Hashidu | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Adamu Danazumi Hashidu''' mai bincike ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]]. An bayyana shi a matsayin ma'aikacin Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya.<ref name="KJMS">{{cite journal |last=Hashidu |first=Adamu Danazumi |last2=Ogboji |first2=Ogbo... 967886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Adamu Danazumi Hashidu | nationality = ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Adamu Danazumi Hashidu''' mai bincike ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]]. An bayyana shi a matsayin ma'aikacin Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya.<ref name="KJMS">{{cite journal |last=Hashidu |first=Adamu Danazumi |last2=Ogboji |first2=Ogboji Abraham |last3=Onwe |first3=Ogbu Moses |title=Effectiveness of Tax Incentives in Promoting SME Development in Gombe State: A Conceptual Review |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=7 |issue=2 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/684 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Hashidu ya yi bincike kan manufofin haraji da bunƙasa ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i. A cikin wani bincike mai taken ''Effectiveness of Tax Incentives in Promoting SME Development in Gombe State: A Conceptual Review'', wanda ya wallafa tare da Ogboji Abraham Ogboji da Ogbu Moses Onwe, marubutan sun yi nazari kan yadda rangwamen haraji ke taimakawa wajen bunƙasa ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="KJMS"/> Binciken ya tattauna matsalolin da ke rage tasirin rangwamen haraji, ciki har da ƙarancin wayar da kai, yawaitar sana'o'in da ba su cikin tsarin rajista, da raunin aiwatar da manufofi. Marubutan sun ba da shawarar inganta bayanan da ake bai wa masu sana'o'i da sauƙaƙa hanyoyin biyan haraji.<ref name="KJMS"/> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] 14ym8o1ojhzuxt8q7z38m6yq0hcjhn1 0 179294 967887 2026-10-15T16:39:02Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Jandiya John | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Jandiya John''' mai bincike ce a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]] wadda ke da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An ambaci sunanta a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi da suka shafi haraji da kasuwar hannayen jari ta Najeriya.<ref name="Tax2024">{{cite journal |... 967887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jandiya John | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Jandiya John''' mai bincike ce a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]] wadda ke da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An ambaci sunanta a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi da suka shafi haraji da kasuwar hannayen jari ta Najeriya.<ref name="Tax2024">{{cite journal |last=Bello |first=Umar |last2=Bayu |first2=Umar Faruk |last3=Adamu |first3=Nuhu Saidu |last4=Ogboji |first4=Ogboji Abraham |last5=Abubakar |first5=Muhammad Abdul |last6=Lass |first6=Ruth |last7=Usman |first7=Abubakar |last8=John |first8=Jandiya |title=Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=7 |issue=1 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/326 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == === Haraji da ƙananan sana'o'i === A shekarar 2024, Jandiya John ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken ''Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan yadda sanin dokokin haraji da adana bayanan kuɗi ke tasiri ga bin ƙa'idojin haraji a ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="Tax2024"/> Binciken ya gano cewa sanin haraji yana da tasiri mai kyau ga bin ƙa'idojin haraji, kuma yadda masu sana'o'i ke adana bayanan kuɗinsu yana da tasiri ga wannan alaƙa. Marubutan sun ba da shawarar ƙara wayar da kan masu sana'o'i game da haraji da inganta tsarin adana bayanan kuɗi.<ref name="Tax2024"/> === Kasuwar hannayen jari === A shekarar 2023, John ta wallafa bincike tare da Gbegi Daniel Orsaa da Saidu Adamu mai taken ''Effect of Macroeconomic Factors on Stock Returns in Nigeria''. An wallafa binciken a mujallar ''Nigerian Journal of Accounting and Finance''. Binciken ya tattauna alaƙar wasu manyan abubuwan tattalin arziki da ribar hannayen jari a Najeriya.<ref name="Stock2023">{{cite journal |last=John |first=Jandiya |last2=Orsaa |first2=Gbegi Daniel |last3=Adamu |first3=Saidu |title=Effect of Macroeconomic Factors on Stock Returns in Nigeria |journal=Nigerian Journal of Accounting and Finance |volume=15 |issue=1 |year=2023 |url=https://www.nijaf.com.ng/_files/ugd/465486_3b64e10c9010409d84434a510df54780.pdf }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] 0oe217vd50slf5d67hci9rmn4qdi0wk 0 179295 967889 2026-10-15T16:42:19Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Abubakar Usman | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Abubakar Usman''' mai bincike ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]]. An danganta shi da Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan bincike kan ayyukan kuɗi na bankuna da bin dokokin haraji.<ref name="Profitability">{{ci... 967889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Abubakar Usman | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Abubakar Usman''' mai bincike ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]]. An danganta shi da Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan bincike kan ayyukan kuɗi na bankuna da bin dokokin haraji.<ref name="Profitability">{{cite journal |last=Saleh |first=Ibrahim Adamu |last2=Abubakar |first2=Abubakar |last3=Usman |first3=Abubakar |title=Determinants of the Profitability of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria |journal=Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=97–115 |year=2021 |url=https://www.kajaf.com.ng/index.php/kajaf/article/view/10 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == A shekarar 2021, Usman ya wallafa bincike tare da Ibrahim Adamu Saleh da Abubakar Abubakar mai taken ''Determinants of the Profitability of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan abubuwan da ke shafar ribar bankunan ajiya da aka jera a kasuwar hannayen jari ta Najeriya, ciki har da ingancin kadarori, samun kuɗin ruwa da isasshen jarin bankuna.<ref name="Profitability"/> A shekarar 2023, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken ''Effect of Credit Risk Management on Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria'', tare da Abdulkarim Gital Mohammed, Nasiru Abubakar da Ogboji Abraham Ogboji. Binciken ya duba yadda kula da haɗarin bashi ke tasiri ga ayyukan kuɗi na bankunan ajiya da aka jera a Najeriya.<ref name="CreditRisk">{{cite journal |last=Mohammed |first=Abdulkarim Gital |last2=Abubakar |first2=Nasiru |last3=Ogboji |first3=Ogboji Abraham |last4=Usman |first4=Abubakar |title=Effect of Credit Risk Management on Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria |journal=Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=80–91 |year=2023 |url=https://www.kajaf.com.ng/index.php/kajaf/article/view/55 }}</ref> A shekarar 2024, an kuma ambaci Usman a cikin binciken ''Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan alaƙar sanin dokokin haraji, adana bayanan kuɗi da bin ƙa'idojin haraji tsakanin ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="TaxCompliance">{{cite journal |title=Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=7 |issue=1 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/326 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] l1enul88kgljosfevyujj5rygvamect 967929 967889 2026-10-15T18:17:37Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Bincike da wallafe-wallafe */ 967929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Abubakar Usman | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Abubakar Usman''' mai bincike ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]]. An danganta shi da Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan bincike kan ayyukan kuɗi na bankuna da bin dokokin haraji.<ref name="Profitability">{{cite journal |last=Saleh |first=Ibrahim Adamu |last2=Abubakar |first2=Abubakar |last3=Usman |first3=Abubakar |title=Determinants of the Profitability of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria |journal=Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=97–115 |year=2021 |url=https://www.kajaf.com.ng/index.php/kajaf/article/view/10 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == A shekarar 2021, Usman ya wallafa bincike tare da Ibrahim Adamu Saleh da Abubakar Abubakar mai taken ''Determinants of the Profitability of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan abubuwan da ke shafar ribar bankunan ajiya da aka jera a kasuwar hannayen jari ta Najeriya, ciki har da ingancin kadarori, samun kuɗin ruwa da isasshen jarin bankuna.<ref name="Profitability"/> A shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da uku (2023), ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken ''Effect of Credit Risk Management on Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria'', tare da Abdulkarim Gital Mohammed, Nasiru Abubakar da Ogboji Abraham Ogboji. Binciken ya duba yadda kula da haɗarin bashi ke tasiri ga ayyukan kuɗi na bankunan ajiya da aka jera a Najeriya.<ref name="CreditRisk">{{cite journal |last=Mohammed |first=Abdulkarim Gital |last2=Abubakar |first2=Nasiru |last3=Ogboji |first3=Ogboji Abraham |last4=Usman |first4=Abubakar |title=Effect of Credit Risk Management on Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria |journal=Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=80–91 |year=2023 |url=https://www.kajaf.com.ng/index.php/kajaf/article/view/55 }}</ref> A shekarar 2024, an kuma ambaci Usman a cikin binciken ''Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan alaƙar sanin dokokin haraji, adana bayanan kuɗi da bin ƙa'idojin haraji tsakanin ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="TaxCompliance">{{cite journal |title=Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=7 |issue=1 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/326 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] cflwqn1rn2k8m20rdh60lvls3rmlfx8 0 179296 967890 2026-10-15T16:44:01Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Ruth Lass | occupation = Malamar jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Ruth Lass''' malamar jami'a ce kuma mai bincike a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]] a Najeriya. An bayyana ta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar Sashen Accounting da Business Administration na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe.<ref name="CorporateGovernance">{{cite journal |last=Bello |first=Umar |last2=Hashidu |first2=Adamu... 967890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ruth Lass | occupation = Malamar jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Ruth Lass''' malamar jami'a ce kuma mai bincike a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]] a Najeriya. An bayyana ta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar Sashen Accounting da Business Administration na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe.<ref name="CorporateGovernance">{{cite journal |last=Bello |first=Umar |last2=Hashidu |first2=Adamu Danazumi |last3=Abubakar |first3=Ibrahim Abubakar |last4=Lass |first4=Ruth |title=Corporate Governance and Financial Performance: A Moderating Impact of Female Director |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=2 |issue=1 |year=2019 |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/download/331/288 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == === Gudanar da kamfanoni da ayyukan kuɗi === A shekarar 2019, Lass ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken ''Corporate Governance and Financial Performance: A Moderating Impact of Female Director''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan tasirin kasancewar mata a kwamitin gudanarwa ga dangantakar da ke tsakanin tsarin gudanar da kamfanoni da ayyukansu na kuɗi, ta amfani da bayanan bankunan ajiya da aka jera a Najeriya daga shekarar 2008 zuwa 2017.<ref name="CorporateGovernance"/> === Bin dokokin haraji === A shekarar 2022, Lass ta wallafa bincike tare da Daniel O. Gbegi, Duah Alexander da Uthman Ibrahim mai taken ''Voluntary Tax Compliance and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Jos Metropolis''. Binciken ya duba yadda sanin dokokin haraji, halayen masu sana'o'i da rawar hukumomin haraji ke da alaƙa da bin dokokin haraji na ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a birnin Jos.<ref name="TaxCompliance2022">{{cite journal |last=Gbegi |first=Daniel O. |last2=Alexander |first2=Duah |last3=Ibrahim |first3=Uthman |last4=Lass |first4=Ruth |title=Voluntary Tax Compliance and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Jos Metropolis |journal=Kashere Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences |volume=3 |issue=2 |year=2022 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjhmss/article/view/46 }}</ref> A shekarar 2024, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken ''Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan yadda sanin haraji da adana bayanan kuɗi ke tasiri ga bin ƙa'idojin haraji tsakanin ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="TaxCompliance2024">{{cite journal |last=Bello |first=Umar |last2=Bayu |first2=Umar Faruk |last3=Adamu |first3=Nuhu Saidu |last4=Ogboji |first4=Ogboji Abraham |last5=Abubakar |first5=Muhammad Abdul |last6=Lass |first6=Ruth |last7=Usman |first7=Abubakar |last8=John |first8=Jandiya |title=Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=7 |issue=1 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/326 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] pfgpy3zct0dz0ux3hehlhsfn3e525zi 967928 967890 2026-10-15T18:16:31Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Bin dokokin haraji */ 967928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ruth Lass | occupation = Malamar jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Ruth Lass''' malamar jami'a ce kuma mai bincike a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]] a Najeriya. An bayyana ta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar Sashen Accounting da Business Administration na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe.<ref name="CorporateGovernance">{{cite journal |last=Bello |first=Umar |last2=Hashidu |first2=Adamu Danazumi |last3=Abubakar |first3=Ibrahim Abubakar |last4=Lass |first4=Ruth |title=Corporate Governance and Financial Performance: A Moderating Impact of Female Director |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=2 |issue=1 |year=2019 |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/download/331/288 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == === Gudanar da kamfanoni da ayyukan kuɗi === A shekarar 2019, Lass ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken ''Corporate Governance and Financial Performance: A Moderating Impact of Female Director''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan tasirin kasancewar mata a kwamitin gudanarwa ga dangantakar da ke tsakanin tsarin gudanar da kamfanoni da ayyukansu na kuɗi, ta amfani da bayanan bankunan ajiya da aka jera a Najeriya daga shekarar 2008 zuwa 2017.<ref name="CorporateGovernance"/> === Bin dokokin haraji === A shekarar 2022, Lass ta wallafa bincike tare da Daniel O. Gbegi, Duah Alexander da Uthman Ibrahim mai taken ''Voluntary Tax Compliance and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Jos Metropolis''. Binciken ya duba yadda sanin dokokin haraji, halayen masu sana'o'i da rawar hukumomin haraji ke da alaƙa da bin dokokin haraji na ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a birnin Jos.<ref name="TaxCompliance2022">{{cite journal |last=Gbegi |first=Daniel O. |last2=Alexander |first2=Duah |last3=Ibrahim |first3=Uthman |last4=Lass |first4=Ruth |title=Voluntary Tax Compliance and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Jos Metropolis |journal=Kashere Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences |volume=3 |issue=2 |year=2022 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjhmss/article/view/46 }}</ref> A shekara ta 2024, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken ''Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan yadda sanin haraji da adana bayanan kuɗi ke tasiri ga bin ƙa'idojin haraji tsakanin ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="TaxCompliance2024">{{cite journal |last=Bello |first=Umar |last2=Bayu |first2=Umar Faruk |last3=Adamu |first3=Nuhu Saidu |last4=Ogboji |first4=Ogboji Abraham |last5=Abubakar |first5=Muhammad Abdul |last6=Lass |first6=Ruth |last7=Usman |first7=Abubakar |last8=John |first8=Jandiya |title=Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=7 |issue=1 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/326 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] inqa81yphsqbq7c7g435irntxwd4pk2 0 179297 967891 2026-10-15T16:45:57Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Ogboji Abraham Ogboji | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malami, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Ogboji Abraham Ogboji''' malami ne kuma mai bincike a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]] a Najeriya. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe. An ambaci sunansa a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi kan haraji, gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci da ayyukan kuɗi... 967891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ogboji Abraham Ogboji | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malami, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Ogboji Abraham Ogboji''' malami ne kuma mai bincike a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]] a Najeriya. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe. An ambaci sunansa a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi kan haraji, gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci da ayyukan kuɗi na kamfanoni.<ref name="TaxIncentives">{{cite journal |last=Hashidu |first=Adamu Danazumi |last2=Ogboji |first2=Ogboji Abraham |last3=Onwe |first3=Ogbu Moses |title=Effectiveness of Tax Incentives in Promoting SME Development in Gombe State: A Conceptual Review |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=7 |issue=2 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/684 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == === Rangwamen haraji da bunƙasa sana'o'i === Ogboji ya wallafa bincike tare da Adamu Danazumi Hashidu da Ogbu Moses Onwe mai taken ''Effectiveness of Tax Incentives in Promoting SME Development in Gombe State: A Conceptual Review''. An wallafa binciken a cikin ''Kashere Journal of Management Sciences''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan yadda rangwamen haraji zai taimaka wajen bunƙasa ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="TaxIncentives"/> Binciken ya tattauna matsalolin da ke rage tasirin rangwamen haraji, ciki har da ƙarancin wayar da kai, yawaitar sana'o'in da ba su cikin tsarin rajista, da raunin aiwatar da manufofi. Marubutan sun ba da shawarar sauƙaƙa hanyoyin haraji da ƙara wayar da kan masu sana'o'i game da tallafin da manufofin haraji ke bayarwa.<ref name="TaxIncentives"/> === Bin dokokin haraji === A shekarar 2024, Ogboji ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken ''Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice''. Binciken ya duba alaƙar sanin dokokin haraji, adana bayanan kuɗi da bin ƙa'idojin haraji tsakanin ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="TaxCompliance">{{cite journal |last=Bello |first=Umar |last2=Bayu |first2=Umar Faruk |last3=Adamu |first3=Nuhu Saidu |last4=Ogboji |first4=Ogboji Abraham |last5=Abubakar |first5=Muhammad Abdul |last6=Lass |first6=Ruth |last7=Usman |first7=Abubakar |last8=John |first8=Jandiya |title=Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=7 |issue=1 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/326 }}</ref> === Gudanar da haɗarin bashi === Ogboji ya kuma yi bincike tare da Abdulkarim Gital Mohammed, Nasiru Abubakar da Abubakar Usman kan tasirin kula da haɗarin bashi ga ayyukan kuɗi na bankunan ajiya da aka jera a Najeriya. An wallafa binciken a ''Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance'' a shekarar 2023.<ref name="CreditRisk">{{cite journal |last=Mohammed |first=Abdulkarim Gital |last2=Abubakar |first2=Nasiru |last3=Ogboji |first3=Ogboji Abraham |last4=Usman |first4=Abubakar |title=Effect of Credit Risk Management on Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria |journal=Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=80–91 |year=2023 |url=https://www.kajaf.com.ng/index.php/kajaf/article/view/55 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] b793j5j30z4pue6fh8v447ndtehfcld 968184 967891 2026-10-16T10:20:11Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Bin dokokin haraji */ 968184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ogboji Abraham Ogboji | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malami, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Ogboji Abraham Ogboji''' malami ne kuma mai bincike a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]] a Najeriya. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe. An ambaci sunansa a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi kan haraji, gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci da ayyukan kuɗi na kamfanoni.<ref name="TaxIncentives">{{cite journal |last=Hashidu |first=Adamu Danazumi |last2=Ogboji |first2=Ogboji Abraham |last3=Onwe |first3=Ogbu Moses |title=Effectiveness of Tax Incentives in Promoting SME Development in Gombe State: A Conceptual Review |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=7 |issue=2 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/684 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == === Rangwamen haraji da bunƙasa sana'o'i === Ogboji ya wallafa bincike tare da Adamu Danazumi Hashidu da Ogbu Moses Onwe mai taken ''Effectiveness of Tax Incentives in Promoting SME Development in Gombe State: A Conceptual Review''. An wallafa binciken a cikin ''Kashere Journal of Management Sciences''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan yadda rangwamen haraji zai taimaka wajen bunƙasa ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="TaxIncentives"/> Binciken ya tattauna matsalolin da ke rage tasirin rangwamen haraji, ciki har da ƙarancin wayar da kai, yawaitar sana'o'in da ba su cikin tsarin rajista, da raunin aiwatar da manufofi. Marubutan sun ba da shawarar sauƙaƙa hanyoyin haraji da ƙara wayar da kan masu sana'o'i game da tallafin da manufofin haraji ke bayarwa.<ref name="TaxIncentives"/> === Bin dokokin haraji === A shekarar dubu biyu da ashirin da hudu (2024), Ogboji ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken ''Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice''. Binciken ya duba alaƙar sanin dokokin haraji, adana bayanan kuɗi da bin ƙa'idojin haraji tsakanin ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="TaxCompliance">{{cite journal |last=Bello |first=Umar |last2=Bayu |first2=Umar Faruk |last3=Adamu |first3=Nuhu Saidu |last4=Ogboji |first4=Ogboji Abraham |last5=Abubakar |first5=Muhammad Abdul |last6=Lass |first6=Ruth |last7=Usman |first7=Abubakar |last8=John |first8=Jandiya |title=Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=7 |issue=1 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/326 }}</ref> === Gudanar da haɗarin bashi === Ogboji ya kuma yi bincike tare da Abdulkarim Gital Mohammed, Nasiru Abubakar da Abubakar Usman kan tasirin kula da haɗarin bashi ga ayyukan kuɗi na bankunan ajiya da aka jera a Najeriya. An wallafa binciken a ''Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance'' a shekarar 2023.<ref name="CreditRisk">{{cite journal |last=Mohammed |first=Abdulkarim Gital |last2=Abubakar |first2=Nasiru |last3=Ogboji |first3=Ogboji Abraham |last4=Usman |first4=Abubakar |title=Effect of Credit Risk Management on Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria |journal=Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=80–91 |year=2023 |url=https://www.kajaf.com.ng/index.php/kajaf/article/view/55 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] 9ixwlmteslfr47u7hpo61fix98hzp3t 968185 968184 2026-10-16T10:20:37Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Gudanar da haɗarin bashi */ 968185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ogboji Abraham Ogboji | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malami, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Ogboji Abraham Ogboji''' malami ne kuma mai bincike a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]] a Najeriya. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe. An ambaci sunansa a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi kan haraji, gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci da ayyukan kuɗi na kamfanoni.<ref name="TaxIncentives">{{cite journal |last=Hashidu |first=Adamu Danazumi |last2=Ogboji |first2=Ogboji Abraham |last3=Onwe |first3=Ogbu Moses |title=Effectiveness of Tax Incentives in Promoting SME Development in Gombe State: A Conceptual Review |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=7 |issue=2 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/684 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == === Rangwamen haraji da bunƙasa sana'o'i === Ogboji ya wallafa bincike tare da Adamu Danazumi Hashidu da Ogbu Moses Onwe mai taken ''Effectiveness of Tax Incentives in Promoting SME Development in Gombe State: A Conceptual Review''. An wallafa binciken a cikin ''Kashere Journal of Management Sciences''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan yadda rangwamen haraji zai taimaka wajen bunƙasa ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="TaxIncentives"/> Binciken ya tattauna matsalolin da ke rage tasirin rangwamen haraji, ciki har da ƙarancin wayar da kai, yawaitar sana'o'in da ba su cikin tsarin rajista, da raunin aiwatar da manufofi. Marubutan sun ba da shawarar sauƙaƙa hanyoyin haraji da ƙara wayar da kan masu sana'o'i game da tallafin da manufofin haraji ke bayarwa.<ref name="TaxIncentives"/> === Bin dokokin haraji === A shekarar dubu biyu da ashirin da hudu (2024), Ogboji ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken ''Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice''. Binciken ya duba alaƙar sanin dokokin haraji, adana bayanan kuɗi da bin ƙa'idojin haraji tsakanin ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="TaxCompliance">{{cite journal |last=Bello |first=Umar |last2=Bayu |first2=Umar Faruk |last3=Adamu |first3=Nuhu Saidu |last4=Ogboji |first4=Ogboji Abraham |last5=Abubakar |first5=Muhammad Abdul |last6=Lass |first6=Ruth |last7=Usman |first7=Abubakar |last8=John |first8=Jandiya |title=Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=7 |issue=1 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/326 }}</ref> === Gudanar da haɗarin bashi === Ogboji ya kuma yi bincike tare da Abdulkarim Gital Mohammed, Nasiru Abubakar da Abubakar Usman kan tasirin kula da haɗarin bashi ga ayyukan kuɗi na bankunan ajiya da aka jera a Najeriya. An wallafa binciken a ''Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance'' a shekarar (2023).<ref name="CreditRisk">{{cite journal |last=Mohammed |first=Abdulkarim Gital |last2=Abubakar |first2=Nasiru |last3=Ogboji |first3=Ogboji Abraham |last4=Usman |first4=Abubakar |title=Effect of Credit Risk Management on Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria |journal=Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=80–91 |year=2023 |url=https://www.kajaf.com.ng/index.php/kajaf/article/view/55 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] 2i8ef88uqdskmrtbbxnnb8j3itwy7mp 0 179298 967892 2026-10-15T16:47:23Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Nuhu Saidu Adamu | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Nuhu Saidu Adamu''' mai bincike ne a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]] a Najeriya. An bayyana shi a matsayin ma'aikacin Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya.<ref name="TaxCompliance">{{cite journal |last=Bello |first=Umar |last2=Bayu |first2=Umar Faruk |last3=Adamu... 967892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nuhu Saidu Adamu | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] }} '''Nuhu Saidu Adamu''' mai bincike ne a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]] a Najeriya. An bayyana shi a matsayin ma'aikacin Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya.<ref name="TaxCompliance">{{cite journal |last=Bello |first=Umar |last2=Bayu |first2=Umar Faruk |last3=Adamu |first3=Nuhu Saidu |last4=Ogboji |first4=Ogboji Abraham |last5=Abubakar |first5=Muhammad Abdul |last6=Lass |first6=Ruth |last7=Usman |first7=Abubakar |last8=John |first8=Jandiya |title=Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=7 |issue=1 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/326 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == A shekarar 2024, Adamu ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken ''Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan yadda sanin dokokin haraji da adana bayanan kuɗi ke tasiri ga bin ƙa'idojin haraji tsakanin ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="TaxCompliance"/> Binciken ya yi amfani da bayanan da aka tattara daga ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa sanin haraji yana da tasiri mai kyau ga bin ƙa'idojin haraji, kuma tsarin adana bayanan kuɗi yana taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa wannan alaƙa. Marubutan sun ba da shawarar ƙara wayar da kan masu sana'o'i game da haraji da inganta hanyoyin adana bayanan kuɗi.<ref name="TaxCompliance"/> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] rkkj5lxrt4degkdrt4b7ypqw3s9n12f 0 179299 967893 2026-10-15T16:49:16Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Umar Bello | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] da haraji }} '''Umar Bello''' malami ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]] da haraji. Yana aiki a Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Haka kuma, yana aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Editan Mujallar ''Kashere Journal of Accounting and... 967893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Umar Bello | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafin kuɗi]] da haraji }} '''Umar Bello''' malami ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafin kuɗi]] da haraji. Yana aiki a Sashen Accounting na [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Haka kuma, yana aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Editan Mujallar ''Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance''.<ref name="Editorial">{{cite web |title=Editorial Team |website=Kashere Journal of Accounting and Finance |url=https://www.kajaf.com.ng/index.php/kajaf/about/editorialTeam |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Ilimi da aikin bincike == Bello ya gudanar da bincike a fannin lissafin kuɗi, haraji, kuɗaɗen kamfanoni da gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci. Ayyukansa na bincike sun haɗa da nazarin yadda tsarin kuɗi da manufofin haraji ke tasiri ga kamfanoni da ƙananan sana'o'i a Najeriya.<ref name="Profile">{{cite web |title=Umar Bello — Federal University Kashere |website=Academia.edu |url=https://fukashere.academia.edu/UMARBELLO |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Wallafe-wallafen bincike == === Haraji da ƙananan sana'o'i === A shekarar 2024, Bello ya wallafa bincike tare da Umar Faruk Bayu, Nuhu Saidu Adamu, Ogboji Abraham Ogboji, Muhammad Abdul Abubakar, Ruth Lass, Abubakar Usman da Jandiya John mai taken ''Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice''. An wallafa binciken a mujallar ''Kashere Journal of Management Sciences''.<ref name="Tax">{{cite journal |last=Bello |first=Umar |last2=Bayu |first2=Umar Faruk |last3=Adamu |first3=Nuhu Saidu |last4=Ogboji |first4=Ogboji Abraham |last5=Abubakar |first5=Muhammad Abdul |last6=Lass |first6=Ruth |last7=Usman |first7=Abubakar |last8=John |first8=Jandiya |title=Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Gombe State, Nigeria: Moderating Effect of Record Keeping Practice |journal=Kashere Journal of Management Sciences |volume=7 |issue=1 |year=2024 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjms/article/view/326 }}</ref> Binciken ya yi nazari kan yadda sanin dokokin haraji da adana bayanan kuɗi ke tasiri ga bin ƙa'idojin haraji tsakanin ƙananan da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Jihar Gombe. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa sanin haraji yana taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa bin ƙa'idojin haraji, kuma adana bayanan kuɗi yana da muhimmiyar rawa a wannan alaƙa.<ref name="Tax"/> === Kuɗaɗen kamfanoni da tsarin haya === A shekarar 2016, Bello ya wallafa bincike tare da Hannatu Ahmad Sabo mai taken ''The Impact of Lease Financing on Financial Performance of Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan tasirin kuɗaɗen da ake samu ta hanyar tsarin haya ga ayyukan kuɗi na kamfanonin mai da iskar gas a Najeriya.<ref name="Lease">{{cite web |title=The Impact of Lease Financing on Financial Performance of Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry |website=Research Journal of Finance and Accounting |url=https://fukashere.academia.edu/UMARBELLO |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] kmu1g4bsuzl8u1k8wqg89g25s6bg8au 0 179300 967894 2026-10-15T16:52:43Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Aliyu Mohammed | occupation = Jami'in gudanarwa | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | known_for = Aikin gudanarwa a Faculty of Management Sciences }} '''Aliyu Mohammed''' jami'in gudanarwa ne a [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Shafin hukuma na Faculty of Management Sciences na jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin ''Faculty Officer'' na wannan fanni.<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Management Sciences |websi... 967894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Aliyu Mohammed | occupation = Jami'in gudanarwa | employer = [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] | known_for = Aikin gudanarwa a Faculty of Management Sciences }} '''Aliyu Mohammed''' jami'in gudanarwa ne a [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Shafin hukuma na Faculty of Management Sciences na jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin ''Faculty Officer'' na wannan fanni.<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Management Sciences |website=Federal University of Kashere |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-management-sciences/ |access-date=15 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin gudanarwa == Mohammed yana aiki a matsayin jami'in kula da harkokin gudanarwa na Faculty of Management Sciences a Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere. Aikin jami'in faculty yawanci yana taimakawa wajen gudanar da ayyukan ofishin faculty da daidaita harkokin gudanarwa na ilimi. Shafin jami'ar ya tabbatar da matsayinsa, amma bai bayar da cikakken bayani kan tarihin aikinsa ko shekarar da ya fara aiki ba.<ref name="FUK"/> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Jami'an gudanarwa]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]] thvae2nk9onaxbsenkxuf3st5mhldv7 0 179301 967904 2026-10-15T17:20:15Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 967904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{data box}} '''Ikot Eyo''', wanda kuma ake kira '''Ikot Eyd''', ƙauye ne mai yawan jama'a da ke cikin ƙaramar hukumar [[Nsit-Ubium|Nsit Ubium]], a jihar [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ikot Eyo St., Calabar - Postcode - 540222 - Nigeria Postcode |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/cross-river-calabar-state-housing-estate-ikot-eyo-st.html |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=www.nigeriapostcode.com}}</ref> Ikot Eyo yana kusa da ƙauyen Ikot Edikpe da garin Ikot Edibon. An kiyasta tsayin yankin Ikot Eyo daga matakin teku ya haura mita 40 (ƙafa 131).<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Ikot Eyo |url=https://ng.geoview.info/ikot_eyo,2338063 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=geoview.info}}</ref> Akwai otal-otal a Ikot Eyo, ciki har da True Value Hotel, Roseeboom Suites and Restaurant, Pejess Hotel, Passion Hotels and Suites da Paulveen Hotels.<ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ikot Eyo, Nigeria |url=https://nigeria.places-in-the-world.com/2338063-place-ikot-eyo.html |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Places in the World}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ƙauyuka a jihar Akwa Ibom]] [[Category:Wuraren da jama'a ke zaune a jihar Akwa Ibom]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} o29hpft6kgej92s3drf2tnigc6nizyi 0 179302 967910 2026-10-15T17:31:22Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created 967910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{data box}} {{Infobox settlement|name=Ido Osun|official_name=Ido-Osun|native_name_lang=Yoruba|type=Gari|image=Ido_Osun_king.jpg|caption=Tsohon garin Ido-Osun da ke Jihar Osun, Najeriya|motto=Gidan kifaye da pawns|mapframe=yes|postal_code=232111}} '''Ido-Osun''' wani gari ne da ke ƙaramar hukumar [[Egbedore]], a gundumar sanatan Osun ta Yamma, a Jihar [[Osun]]. An ce [[Obalufon Alayemore]], wanda shi ne Ooni na huɗu na [[Ile-Ife]], ya kafa garin a kusan shekara ta 1300. Garin yana kewaye da tsaunuka da kwaruruka, haka kuma yana kusa da [[Kogin Erinle]], inda akwai madatsar ruwa da ke zama muhimmiyar hanyar samar da ruwan sha ga wasu mazauna jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-29 |title=Osun Govt Approves new king of Olojudo of Ido Ajegunle and Five Others, Elevates Seven to Part Two Chiefs |url=https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/2025/01/osun-govt-approves-new-king-of-olojudo-of-ido-ajegunle-and-five-others-elevates-seven-to-part-two-chiefs/ |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=Osun State Official Website |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ezediuno |first=Francis |date=2024-11-29 |title=Osun Govt approves appointment of new Olojudo of Ido-Osun, Prince Jokotola |url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/11/29/osun-govt-approves-appointment-of-new-olojudo-of-ido-osun-prince-jokotola/ |access-date=2025-09-18 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> ia50v0jm65nlcf8x08mnl86ub0xol2c 0 179303 967913 2026-10-15T17:40:03Z Marwan Bello 31239 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378255690|Karonmajigi]]" 967913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=Karonmagaji|official_name=Karonmagaji|coordinates={{coord|9|1|0|N|7|25|14|E}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-2334969.html|title=Karonmajigi, Municipal Area Council, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|website=Mindat org|access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref>|flag_border=yes|pushpin_label_position=right|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_caption=|type=Village|subdivision_name=[[flag|Nigeria]]|subdivision_name1=[[Abuja]]|subdivision_name2=[[Abuja Municipal Area Council]]|subdivision_type1=State|subdivision_type2=Local Government Area 1|time_zone1=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset1=+1}}<templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Karonmagaji</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Ƙauyen</div> |- class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Karonmagaji |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Nigeria_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Karonmagaji is located in Nigeria]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:49.833%;left:41.697%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Karonmagaji]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Karonmagaji</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a cikin Najeriya</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Karonmajigi&params=9_1_0_N_7_25_14_E_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">9°1′0′′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°25′14′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">9.01667°N 7.42056°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">9.01667; 7.42056</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Jiha | class="infobox-data" |[[Abuja]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin Karamar Hukumar 1 | class="infobox-data" |[[Abuja|Majalisar Birnin Abuja]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+1 ([[Lokacin Yammacin Afirka|WAT]]) |} '''Karonmajigi''' al'umma ce da ke cikin Babban Birnin Tarayya FCT na Najeriya, Yana kusa da babban birnin Abuja . Lambar gidan waya ta ƙauyen ita ce 900108<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZIP Code |url=https://www.zipcode.com.ng/ |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=ZIP Code |language=en}}</ref>. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Karonmajigi tana da bambancin kabilanci, sau da yawa ana bayyana shi a matsayin Mini Najeriya sun kasance kungiyoyi daban-daban, gami da 'yan asalin Gwandara, da kuma Hausa, Yoroba, Igbo, da sauransu. Al'ummar galibi masu karamin karfi ne ke zaune a cikin al'umma kuma suna da haɗin gidaje na al'ada tare da manyan cibiyoyin gwamnati da ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karonmajigi – Dunes Foundation |url=https://dunesfoundation.org/communities-we-serve/karonmajigi/ |access-date=2025-11-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa da gudanarwa == Al'ummar tana da nisan kilomita 10 (kimanin kilomita 6.2) daga tsakiyar yankin Abuja . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Karonmajigi in Nigeria {{!}} Facts and Information about Karonmajigi - Places-in-the-World.com |url=https://places-in-the-world.com/nigeria/karonmajigi/2334969 |access-date=2025-11-22 |website=places-in-the-world.com}}</ref> Ya fada karkashin gwamnatin Majalisar Yankin Abuja (AMAC), daya daga cikin majalisun yanki shida a cikin FCT. Ministan da shugaban Najeriya ya nada ne ke gudanar da FCT, yayin da Hukumar Raya Babban Birnin Tarayya (FCDA) ke kula da ci gaban ababen more rayuwa. == Yawan jama'a == Yawan al'ummar Karonmajigi ya ƙunshi mutane daga ƙabilu daban-daban, wanda ke nuna yanayin zamantakewa na Babban Birnin Tarayya (FCT), wanda ke jan hankalin mutane daga sassa daban-daban na Najeriya. Ƙabilar Gwandara na daga cikin manyan ƙabilun yankin, sannan al'ummar yankin ta ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na masu nakasa. , sau da yawa mazauna yankin suna kiransu Unguwar Guragu (Hausa don al'ummar nakasassu). == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} bhgk7ull9jypsnd8pybbzts9dly14mm 968149 967913 2026-10-16T10:03:23Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Yawan jama'a */ 968149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=Karonmagaji|official_name=Karonmagaji|coordinates={{coord|9|1|0|N|7|25|14|E}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-2334969.html|title=Karonmajigi, Municipal Area Council, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|website=Mindat org|access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref>|flag_border=yes|pushpin_label_position=right|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_caption=|type=Village|subdivision_name=[[flag|Nigeria]]|subdivision_name1=[[Abuja]]|subdivision_name2=[[Abuja Municipal Area Council]]|subdivision_type1=State|subdivision_type2=Local Government Area 1|time_zone1=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset1=+1}}<templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Karonmagaji</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Ƙauyen</div> |- class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Karonmagaji |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Nigeria_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Karonmagaji is located in Nigeria]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:49.833%;left:41.697%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Karonmagaji]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Karonmagaji</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a cikin Najeriya</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Karonmajigi&params=9_1_0_N_7_25_14_E_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">9°1′0′′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°25′14′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">9.01667°N 7.42056°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">9.01667; 7.42056</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Jiha | class="infobox-data" |[[Abuja]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin Karamar Hukumar 1 | class="infobox-data" |[[Abuja|Majalisar Birnin Abuja]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+1 ([[Lokacin Yammacin Afirka|WAT]]) |} '''Karonmajigi''' al'umma ce da ke cikin Babban Birnin Tarayya FCT na Najeriya, Yana kusa da babban birnin Abuja . Lambar gidan waya ta ƙauyen ita ce 900108<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZIP Code |url=https://www.zipcode.com.ng/ |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=ZIP Code |language=en}}</ref>. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Karonmajigi tana da bambancin kabilanci, sau da yawa ana bayyana shi a matsayin Mini Najeriya sun kasance kungiyoyi daban-daban, gami da 'yan asalin Gwandara, da kuma Hausa, Yoroba, Igbo, da sauransu. Al'ummar galibi masu karamin karfi ne ke zaune a cikin al'umma kuma suna da haɗin gidaje na al'ada tare da manyan cibiyoyin gwamnati da ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karonmajigi – Dunes Foundation |url=https://dunesfoundation.org/communities-we-serve/karonmajigi/ |access-date=2025-11-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa da gudanarwa == Al'ummar tana da nisan kilomita 10 (kimanin kilomita 6.2) daga tsakiyar yankin Abuja . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Karonmajigi in Nigeria {{!}} Facts and Information about Karonmajigi - Places-in-the-World.com |url=https://places-in-the-world.com/nigeria/karonmajigi/2334969 |access-date=2025-11-22 |website=places-in-the-world.com}}</ref> Ya fada karkashin gwamnatin Majalisar Yankin Abuja (AMAC), daya daga cikin majalisun yanki shida a cikin FCT. Ministan da shugaban Najeriya ya nada ne ke gudanar da FCT, yayin da Hukumar Raya Babban Birnin Tarayya (FCDA) ke kula da ci gaban ababen more rayuwa. == Yawan jama'a == Yawan al'ummar Karonmajigi ya ƙunshi mutane daga ƙabilu daban-daban, wanda ke nuna yanayin zamantakewa na Babban Birnin Tarayya (FCT), wanda ke jan hankalin mutane daga sassa daban-daban na kasar Najeriya. Ƙabilar Gwandara na daga cikin manyan ƙabilun yankin, sannan al'ummar yankin ta ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na masu nakasa. , sau da yawa mazauna yankin suna kiransu Unguwar Guragu (Hausa don al'ummar nakasassu). == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} me7i3r4t1bpcgun6ddf8obo0k03kimh 0 179304 967914 2026-10-15T17:48:20Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 967914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ofishin Wasiƙa na Farko, Ejinrin''' (First Post Office, Ejinrin) wani ofishin aika wasiƙa ne da ke [[Ejinrin]], wani gari a [[Jihar Legas]], Najeriya. Ofishin wasiƙar yana da alaƙa da faɗaɗa hanyoyin sadarwar aika wasiƙu na mulkin mallaka zuwa al'ummomin da ke wajen Legas a ƙarshen ƙarni na sha tara.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sacher |first=John |title=A Postal History of Lagos |year=1978 |publisher=West Africa Study Circle}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, Ejinrin ta kasance cibiyar kasuwanci da sufuri a Legas, inda take da kasuwar [[lagoon|tafkin ruwa mai haɗe da teku]] wadda ta haɗa Legas da al'ummomin da ke cikin ƙasar.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Olubomehin |first=O.O. |title=A Focus on Ejinrin Lagoon Market, 1851–1939 |journal=Yoruba Studies Review}}</ref> Bayanan tarihin yankin da rahotannin jaridu sun bayyana ofishin wasiƙar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin wuraren aika wasiƙu a yankunan da ke bayan Legas, tare da kasancewarsa wani muhimmin abin tarihi a Ejinrin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ejinrin: A Forgotten Heritage |work=PM News |date=17 September 2010}}{{cite news |title=Once Upon a Seaport |work=The Nation |date=24 August 2014}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigerian Postal Service|Hukumar Aika Wasiƙu ta Najeriya]] * [[History of Lagos|Tarihin Legas]] * [[Epe, Lagos State|Epe, Jihar Legas]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Historic sites in Lagos State]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} n3rwzxw26nawwsdcfhf4k6clgru72os 0 179305 967916 2026-10-15T17:59:45Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 967916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nnarambia''' wani gari ne da ke a [[Ahiara]], a [[Jihar Imo]], Najeriya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|5|31|25|N|7|15|55|E|display=title}} {{Populated places of Imo State}} [[Category:Garuruwa a Jihar Imo]] {{nigeria-geo-stub}} dreow2zo1jrlh40sac5ifdyzdf3zvsf 0 179306 967921 2026-10-15T18:10:01Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 967921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wurin Ajiyar Daji na Okeluse''' yana cikin Okeluse, wata al'umma da ta dogara da noma, a Ƙaramar Hukumar Ose, Jihar Ondo, a yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]], [[Yammacin Afirka]]. Yana da faɗin {{convert|144|km2}}.<ref>[http://www.wdpa.org/siteSheet.aspx?sitecode=36983 World Database on Protected Areas]</ref> Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar daji a Najeriya.<ref>9712_pdf.pdf (ejsss.net.in)</ref> An kiyasta tsayin yankin sama da [[matakin teku]] ya kai {{convert|68|m}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Okeluse Forest Reserve forest reserve, Ondo, Nigeria|url=http://ng.geoview.info/okeluse_forest_reserve,6965373|access-date=2021-01-11|website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref> Wurin Ajiyar Daji na Okeluse yana gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban, ciki har da samar da muhallin halitta na gandun daji, samar da itace ta hanya mai ɗorewa, da kuma samar da muhimman fa'idodi na tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da muhalli.<ref name="AO">Adeyemi, A. A., & Olowo, G. E. (2022). Evaluation of forest-cover dynamics and its drivers in Okeluse Forest Reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria. ''Journal of Agriculture and Environment'', ''18''(1), 107-125.</ref> == Tasirin ayyukan ɗan Adam a kan dazuzzuka == Ƙaruwar ayyukan ɗan Adam sakamakon ƙaruwa a yawan jama'a tana ƙara matsin lamba kan dazuzzuka da albarkatunsu domin biyan buƙatun rayuwa. Wannan yana haifar da lalacewar dazuzzuka, rarrabuwarsu zuwa ƙananan yankuna, da sauya amfaninsu zuwa wasu nau'ikan amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="AO" /> Wasu daga cikin ayyukan ɗan Adam da ke haifar da asarar dazuzzuka a Najeriya sun haɗa da sare dazuzzuka domin samar da kayayyakin kasuwanci, faɗaɗa ayyukan noma, da bunƙasar birane. Waɗannan ayyuka suna barazana ga rayuwar wasu nau'ikan dabbobi, kamar chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes'').<ref>Fotang, C., Bröring, U., Roos, C. ''et al.'' Human Activity and Forest Degradation Threaten Populations of the Nigeria–Cameroon Chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes ellioti'') in Western Cameroon. ''Int J Primatol'' '''42''', 105–129 (2021). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-020-00191-2</nowiki></ref> Sauye-sauyen amfani da ƙasa da murfin ƙasa suna kuma yin mummunan tasiri ga bambancin nau'ikan dabbobi da tsirrai.<ref>Fasona, M.J., Akintuyi, A.O., Adeonipekun, P.A. ''et al.'' Recent trends in land-use and cover change and deforestation in south–west Nigeria. ''GeoJournal'' 87, 1411–1437 (2022). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10318-w</nowiki></ref> btrw21qfv5o56zoqnw5m2023woandrb 968064 967921 2026-10-16T04:45:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 968064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wurin Ajiyar Daji na Okeluse''' yana cikin Okeluse, wata al'umma da ta dogara da noma, a Ƙaramar Hukumar Ose, Jihar Ondo, a yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]], [[Yammacin Afirka]]. Yana da faɗin {{convert|144|km2}}.<ref>[http://www.wdpa.org/siteSheet.aspx?sitecode=36983 World Database on Protected Areas] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar daji a Najeriya.<ref>9712_pdf.pdf (ejsss.net.in)</ref> An kiyasta tsayin yankin sama da [[matakin teku]] ya kai {{convert|68|m}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Okeluse Forest Reserve forest reserve, Ondo, Nigeria|url=http://ng.geoview.info/okeluse_forest_reserve,6965373|access-date=2021-01-11|website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref> Wurin Ajiyar Daji na Okeluse yana gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban, ciki har da samar da muhallin halitta na gandun daji, samar da itace ta hanya mai ɗorewa, da kuma samar da muhimman fa'idodi na tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da muhalli.<ref name="AO">Adeyemi, A. A., & Olowo, G. E. (2022). Evaluation of forest-cover dynamics and its drivers in Okeluse Forest Reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria. ''Journal of Agriculture and Environment'', ''18''(1), 107-125.</ref> == Tasirin ayyukan ɗan Adam a kan dazuzzuka == Ƙaruwar ayyukan ɗan Adam sakamakon ƙaruwa a yawan jama'a tana ƙara matsin lamba kan dazuzzuka da albarkatunsu domin biyan buƙatun rayuwa. Wannan yana haifar da lalacewar dazuzzuka, rarrabuwarsu zuwa ƙananan yankuna, da sauya amfaninsu zuwa wasu nau'ikan amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="AO" /> Wasu daga cikin ayyukan ɗan Adam da ke haifar da asarar dazuzzuka a Najeriya sun haɗa da sare dazuzzuka domin samar da kayayyakin kasuwanci, faɗaɗa ayyukan noma, da bunƙasar birane. Waɗannan ayyuka suna barazana ga rayuwar wasu nau'ikan dabbobi, kamar chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes'').<ref>Fotang, C., Bröring, U., Roos, C. ''et al.'' Human Activity and Forest Degradation Threaten Populations of the Nigeria–Cameroon Chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes ellioti'') in Western Cameroon. ''Int J Primatol'' '''42''', 105–129 (2021). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-020-00191-2</nowiki></ref> Sauye-sauyen amfani da ƙasa da murfin ƙasa suna kuma yin mummunan tasiri ga bambancin nau'ikan dabbobi da tsirrai.<ref>Fasona, M.J., Akintuyi, A.O., Adeonipekun, P.A. ''et al.'' Recent trends in land-use and cover change and deforestation in south–west Nigeria. ''GeoJournal'' 87, 1411–1437 (2022). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10318-w</nowiki></ref> qk3lomeoy4cphh6cderoom4jhcy8wc2 968154 968064 2026-10-16T10:04:57Z Kamaf001 48297 968154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wurin Ajiyar Daji na Okeluse''' yana cikin Okeluse, wata al'umma da ta dogara da noma, a Ƙaramar Hukumar Ose, Jihar Ondo, a yankin kudu maso yammacin kasar [[Najeriya]], [[Yammacin Afirka]]. Yana da faɗin {{convert|144|km2}}.<ref>[http://www.wdpa.org/siteSheet.aspx?sitecode=36983 World Database on Protected Areas] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar daji a Najeriya.<ref>9712_pdf.pdf (ejsss.net.in)</ref> An kiyasta tsayin yankin sama da [[matakin teku]] ya kai {{convert|68|m}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Okeluse Forest Reserve forest reserve, Ondo, Nigeria|url=http://ng.geoview.info/okeluse_forest_reserve,6965373|access-date=2021-01-11|website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref> Wurin Ajiyar Daji na Okeluse yana gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban, ciki har da samar da muhallin halitta na gandun daji, samar da itace ta hanya mai ɗorewa, da kuma samar da muhimman fa'idodi na tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da muhalli.<ref name="AO">Adeyemi, A. A., & Olowo, G. E. (2022). Evaluation of forest-cover dynamics and its drivers in Okeluse Forest Reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria. ''Journal of Agriculture and Environment'', ''18''(1), 107-125.</ref> == Tasirin ayyukan ɗan Adam a kan dazuzzuka == Ƙaruwar ayyukan ɗan Adam sakamakon ƙaruwa a yawan jama'a tana ƙara matsin lamba kan dazuzzuka da albarkatunsu domin biyan buƙatun rayuwa. Wannan yana haifar da lalacewar dazuzzuka, rarrabuwarsu zuwa ƙananan yankuna, da sauya amfaninsu zuwa wasu nau'ikan amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="AO" /> Wasu daga cikin ayyukan ɗan Adam da ke haifar da asarar dazuzzuka a Najeriya sun haɗa da sare dazuzzuka domin samar da kayayyakin kasuwanci, faɗaɗa ayyukan noma, da bunƙasar birane. Waɗannan ayyuka suna barazana ga rayuwar wasu nau'ikan dabbobi, kamar chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes'').<ref>Fotang, C., Bröring, U., Roos, C. ''et al.'' Human Activity and Forest Degradation Threaten Populations of the Nigeria–Cameroon Chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes ellioti'') in Western Cameroon. ''Int J Primatol'' '''42''', 105–129 (2021). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-020-00191-2</nowiki></ref> Sauye-sauyen amfani da ƙasa da murfin ƙasa suna kuma yin mummunan tasiri ga bambancin nau'ikan dabbobi da tsirrai.<ref>Fasona, M.J., Akintuyi, A.O., Adeonipekun, P.A. ''et al.'' Recent trends in land-use and cover change and deforestation in south–west Nigeria. ''GeoJournal'' 87, 1411–1437 (2022). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10318-w</nowiki></ref> a8itrl4tdsh6fm603fm15xc0ng0ufes 0 179307 967946 2026-10-15T19:04:26Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 967946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wurin Ajiyar Namun Daji na Ohosu''' yana cikin [[Jihar Edo]], [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7957/Ecologically_sensitive_sites_West_Africa.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y|format=PDF|title=Ecologically Sensitive Sites in Africa : Volume IV West Africa|website=Wedocs.unep.org|access-date=2022-01-30}}</ref> Wurin yana da faɗin {{Convert|471|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web | title=Ohosu | website=Protected Planet | url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/ohosu-game-reserve | access-date=2019-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Where is Kainji Lake national park located? – nbccomedyplayground |url=https://www.nbccomedyplayground.com/where-is-kainji-lake-national-park-located/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=www.nbccomedyplayground.com |archive-date=2025-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126171637/https://www.nbccomedyplayground.com/where-is-kainji-lake-national-park-located/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Edo State}} {{Protected areas of Nigeria}} [[Category:Wuraren ajiyar namun daji a Najeriya]] [[Category:Wuraren yawon buɗe ido a Jihar Edo]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} jymv3p18y1l7o2g64wvbciaayf6ne6y 0 179308 967957 2026-10-15T19:17:22Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 967957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wurin Ajiyar Daji na Olokemeji''' shi ne wurin ajiyar daji na farko a Najeriya, wanda aka kafa shi a kusan shekarar 1900.{{cn|date=October 2023}} Wurin ajiyar ya ƙunshi kusan {{convert|5900|ha|sqmi km2}} kuma yana tsakanin biranen Abeokuta da Ibadan na Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Olokemeji Project Profile |url=https://forestcenter.iita.org/index.php/olokemeji-project-profile/ |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=Forest Center |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021062646/https://forestcenter.iita.org/index.php/olokemeji-project-profile/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ko da yake wurin ajiyar yana da yankunan dazuzzukan fadama na [[ruwan sha]] (freshwater), musamman a kudancinsa, babban nau'in dajin da ke cikinsa shi ne dajin da ke kasancewa kore a duk shekara, wanda aka fi sani da ''mixed rainforest'', wato dajin ruwan sama mai gauraye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Hopkins |first1=Brian |last2=Jenkin |first2=R. N. |date=1962 |title=Vegetation of the Olokemeji Forest Reserve, Nigeria: I. General Features of the Reserve and the Research Sites |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2257471 |journal=Journal of Ecology |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=559–598 |doi=10.2307/2257471 |jstor=2257471 |bibcode=1962JEcol..50..559H |issn=0022-0477 |access-date=2023-09-10 |archive-date=2023-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915041854/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2257471 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Tsari da nau'in tsirran da ke da katako a Wurin Ajiyar Daji na Olokemeji suna nuna irin gagarumin tasirin ayyukan ɗan Adam da aka yi a yankin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Olubode |first1=S.O |last2=Taiwo |first2=D.M |last3=Woghiren |first3=A.I |date=2021 |title=Floristic Structure of Some Selected Plots in Olokemeji Forest Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/fje/article/view/214828 |journal=FUTY Journal of the Environment |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=65–72 |access-date=2023-09-11 |archive-date=2023-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915041854/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/fje/article/view/214828 |url-status=live }} {{cc-notice|by4|from this source=yes}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2016 ya ba da shawarar samar da cikakken tsari na rage matsin lambar da ayyukan noma ke haifarwa a wurin ajiyar dajin. Tsarin ya ƙunshi matakan rage talauci da kuma inganta hanyoyin noma masu ɗorewa, domin rage dogaro da faɗaɗa filayen noma.<ref name=":6">Agbo-adediran, O.A., Olajiire-Ajayi, B., Olokeogun O.S., and Bolanle-Ojo, O.T (2016) ''Floristic Composition of the Restricted Zone in Olokemeji Forest Reserve''. Proceedings of NTBA/NSCB Joint Biodiversity Conference; Unilorin 2016 (276-282). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333117603_Floristic_Composition_of_the_Restricted_Zone_in_Olokemeji_Forest_Reserve {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915041854/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333117603_Floristic_Composition_of_the_Restricted_Zone_in_Olokemeji_Forest_Reserve |date=2023-09-15 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{Africa-protected-area-stub}} {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} [[Category:Wuraren ajiyar daji a Najeriya]] q8ru5gu62v36zgz0cwu52zqj42zefis 0 179309 967960 2026-10-15T19:52:46Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377092444|Atbara]]" 967960 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Atbara</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" /><span class="nobold"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">Rashin amfani</span></span></span></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Birni</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Atbara,british_house.jpg|250x250px]] |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Sudan_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Atbara is located in Sudan]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:37.504%;left:71.432%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Atbara]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Atbara</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Wurin da yake a Sudan</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Atbara&params=17_42_43_N_34_00_02_E_region:SD_type:city(134586) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°42′43′′N</span> <span class="longitude">34°00′02′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.71194°N 34.00056°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.71194; 34.00056</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Sudan]][[File:Flag_of_Sudan.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Jiha | class="infobox-data" |Kogin Nilu |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Hawan sama<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |1,175 ft (358 m) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2008)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |134,586 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+02:00 (CAT) |} [[File:Beja_tent_Atbara.jpg|thumb|Alfarwan gargajiya na [[Mutanen Beja|Beja]] tare da gine-gine na zamani]] [[File:Railways_in_Sudan.svg|thumb|Taswirar layin dogo a Sudan, yana nuna wurin Atbara]] [[File:Atbara_railway.jpg|thumb|Tashar jirgin kasa ta Atbara]] [[File:Atbara_railway2.jpg|thumb|Gidan aiki na masana'antar jirgin kasa ta Atbara]] ''''''Atbarah'''''' (wani lokacin Atbarah) (Arabic) birni ne da ke cikin Jihar Nilu a arewa maso gabashin [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].<ref name="EBatbara2">[http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-40468/Atbarah EB-Atbara "'Atbarah, or Atbara (The Sudan)" (description), ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2007, webpage]</ref> Saboda alakar da take da ita ga masana'antar jirgin kasa, Atbara kuma an san ta da 'Railway City'. An rubuta yawan mutanen Atbara a matsayin 134,586 a lokacin ƙidayar shekara ta 2008. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=5th Population Census |url=http://cbs.gov.sd/Tiedadat/Tiedadat3e.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113151654/http://cbs.gov.sd/Tiedadat/Tiedadat3e.htm |archive-date=13 November 2009 |access-date=29 December 2023 |website=Central Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> == Tarihi == Haɗuwar [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] da iyakar arewacinsa, [[Kogin Atbarah]] (Bahr-el-Aswad, ko Kogin Black) wuri ne mai mahimmanci don ayyukan soja. a cikin shekara ta 1619 sojojin Daular Habasha sun ci Atbara kuma sun kore ta.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeM8AAAAIAAJ|title=A History of the Arbas in the Sudan and Some Account of the People who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Darfur3|publisher=CUP Archive|language=en}}</ref> A [[Yaƙin Atbara]], wanda aka yi a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1898 kusa da Nakheila, a arewacin kogin, sojojin Anglo-Masar Lord Kitchener sun ci sojojin [[Mahdi]], karkashin umarnin Amir Mahmud Ahmad. Matsayin da Kitchener ya ƙarfafa ya haifar da gagarumin nasara a Yaƙin Omdurman a ranar 2 ga Satumba 1898, wanda ya ba [[Birtaniya]] iko a kan Sudan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The River War from Project Gutenberg |url=http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/gutbook/lookup?num=4943 |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu}}</ref>{{Sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Garin ya kasance cibiyar Masana'antar jirgin kasa ta Sudan. Ana yin jiragen kasa kaɗan a nan yanzu kuma zirga-zirgar jiragen kasa sun ragu sosai. Tashar asali da gidaje masu kama da dome na ma'aikatan jirgin kasa sun kasance. Kungiyar kwadago ta farko a Sudan ta kafa a 1946 tsakanin ma'aikatan jirgin kasa a Atbara. Wataƙila saboda tasirin ƙungiyoyin jirgin ƙasa, mutane da yawa suna ɗaukar Atbara a matsayin gidan kwaminisanci na Sudan. Jaafar Nimeiri, shugaban Sudan daga 1969 zuwa 1985, ya sauya tsakanin kwaminisanci, jari-hujja, da tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama - dangane da wanda yake ƙoƙarin shiga(((((((((((((((Perhaps because of the influence of the railway unions, Atbara is also considered by many to be the home of Sudanese communism. [[:en:Jaafar_Nimeiri|Jaafar Nimeiri]], Sudan's president from 1969 to 1985, alternated between communism, capitalism, and Islamic fundamentalism – depending on who he was trying to get on his side and extract money from – and the communist phase had its stronghold around Atbara.))))))))))) gefensa kuma ya cire kuɗi daga - kuma matakin kwaminisancin yana da ƙarfinsa a kusa da Atbara. Atbara kuma ita ce farkon farawa don tattara mutane a kan gwamnatin a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheikh |first=Tarek |date=28 December 2018 |title=Les espoirs d'une troisième révolution au Soudan |url=https://orientxxi.info/magazine/les-espoirs-d-une-troisieme-revolution-au-soudan,2834 |website=Orient XXI}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Kogin Atbarah|Atbarha]] tana a wurin haɗuwar [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] da Atbarah. Atbara ta ƙunshi gundumomi da yawa ciki har da gundumar Umbukole wacce ta kasance gidan Makarantar Sakandare ta Farko a Atbara. Sauran gundumomi sun hada da gundumar jirgin kasa, Almurabaat, Alsawdana da Almatar . Umbukole shine asalin sunan da aka ba babban birni a cikin jihar arewacin Kurti. Yanzu galibi ana tunawa da shi a matsayin sunan wani karamin gundumar a Atbara. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan gundumomin Atbara shine Al-Dakhla (الداخلة) a cikin Larabci. Wasu har yanzu suna amfani da sunan Al-Dakhla yana nufin Atbara. === Yanayi === Atbara tana da Yanayin hamada mai zafi (Köppen climate classification ''BWh''). Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara ya kai sama da 30 ° C (86 ° F) kuma matsakaicin matsakaicin ya wuce 40 ° C (104 ° F) a cikin watanni 7 na shekara. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 60 mm, galibi daga Yuli da Agusta. &nbsp;Atbara tana da rana, matsakaicin sa'o'i 3,545 na hasken rana a kowace shekara ko 81% na yiwuwar hasken rana.{{Weather box}} == Tattalin Arziki == Hanyar mota ta Afirka - Hanyar Alkahira-Cape Town ta wuce ta Atbara. Filin jirgin saman Atbara yana gabashin birnin. Atbara muhimmiyar tashar jirgin kasa ce da cibiyar masana'antar jirgin kasa, kuma mafi yawan aiki a Atbara suna da alaƙa da layin dogo. Hedikwatar Kamfanin Jirgin Kasa na Sudan tana cikin Atbara. Har ila yau, garin yana da ɗayan manyan masana'antun siminti na Sudan, Atbara Cement Corporation. == Yawan jama'a == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Yawan jama'a |- |1956 | style="text-align:right;" |36,300 |- |1973 | style="text-align:right;" |66,116 |- |1983 | style="text-align:right;" |73,009 |- |1993 | style="text-align:right;" |87,878 |- |2007 (Kimanin) | style="text-align:right;" |111,399 |- |2008<ref name=":0" /> | style="text-align:right;" |134,586 |} == Shahararrun mazauna == * Mandour Elmahdi, marubucin A Short History of the Sudan . * Rashid Mahdi, mai daukar hoto == Dubi kuma == * [[Itofiya|Habasha]] - ƙasar iyaka ta [[Blue Nile]]. == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] augdo4vlvd49f33grq0pefba1owk4er 967962 967960 2026-10-15T19:54:13Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 Sabon shafi 967962 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Atbara</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" /><span class="nobold"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">Rashin amfani</span></span></span></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Birni</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Atbara,british_house.jpg|250x250px]] |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Sudan_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Atbara is located in Sudan]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:37.504%;left:71.432%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Atbara]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Atbara</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Wurin da yake a Sudan</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Atbara&params=17_42_43_N_34_00_02_E_region:SD_type:city(134586) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°42′43′′N</span> <span class="longitude">34°00′02′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.71194°N 34.00056°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.71194; 34.00056</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Sudan]][[File:Flag_of_Sudan.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Jiha | class="infobox-data" |Kogin Nilu |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Hawan sama<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |1,175 ft (358 m) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2008)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |134,586 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+02:00 (CAT) |} [[File:Beja_tent_Atbara.jpg|thumb|Alfarwan gargajiya na [[Mutanen Beja|Beja]] tare da gine-gine na zamani]] [[File:Railways_in_Sudan.svg|thumb|Taswirar layin dogo a Sudan, yana nuna wurin Atbara]] [[File:Atbara_railway.jpg|thumb|Tashar jirgin kasa ta Atbara]] [[File:Atbara_railway2.jpg|thumb|Gidan aiki na masana'antar jirgin kasa ta Atbara]] ''''''Atbarah'''''' (wani lokacin Atbarah) (Arabic) birni ne da ke cikin Jihar Nilu a arewa maso gabashin [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].<ref name="EBatbara2">[http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-40468/Atbarah EB-Atbara "'Atbarah, or Atbara (The Sudan)" (description), ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2007, webpage]</ref> Saboda alakar da take da ita ga masana'antar jirgin kasa, Atbara kuma an san ta da 'Railway City'. An rubuta yawan mutanen Atbara a matsayin 134,586 a lokacin ƙidayar shekara ta 2008. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=5th Population Census |url=http://cbs.gov.sd/Tiedadat/Tiedadat3e.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113151654/http://cbs.gov.sd/Tiedadat/Tiedadat3e.htm |archive-date=13 November 2009 |access-date=29 December 2023 |website=Central Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> == Tarihi == Haɗuwar [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] da iyakar arewacinsa, [[Kogin Atbarah]] (Bahr-el-Aswad, ko Kogin Black) wuri ne mai mahimmanci don ayyukan soja. a cikin shekara ta 1619 sojojin Daular Habasha sun ci Atbara kuma sun kore ta.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeM8AAAAIAAJ|title=A History of the Arbas in the Sudan and Some Account of the People who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Darfur3|publisher=CUP Archive|language=en}}</ref> A [[Yaƙin Atbara]], wanda aka yi a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1898 kusa da Nakheila, a arewacin kogin, sojojin Anglo-Masar Lord Kitchener sun ci sojojin [[Mahdi]], karkashin umarnin Amir Mahmud Ahmad. Matsayin da Kitchener ya ƙarfafa ya haifar da gagarumin nasara a Yaƙin Omdurman a ranar 2 ga Satumba 1898, wanda ya ba [[Birtaniya]] iko a kan Sudan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The River War from Project Gutenberg |url=http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/gutbook/lookup?num=4943 |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu}}</ref>{{Sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Garin ya kasance cibiyar Masana'antar jirgin kasa ta Sudan. Ana yin jiragen kasa kaɗan a nan yanzu kuma zirga-zirgar jiragen kasa sun ragu sosai. Tashar asali da gidaje masu kama da dome na ma'aikatan jirgin kasa sun kasance. Kungiyar kwadago ta farko a Sudan ta kafa a 1946 tsakanin ma'aikatan jirgin kasa a Atbara. Wataƙila saboda tasirin ƙungiyoyin jirgin ƙasa, mutane da yawa suna ɗaukar Atbara a matsayin gidan kwaminisanci na Sudan. Jaafar Nimeiri, shugaban Sudan daga 1969 zuwa 1985, ya sauya tsakanin kwaminisanci, jari-hujja, da tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama - dangane da wanda yake ƙoƙarin shiga gefensa kuma ya cire kuɗi daga - kuma matakin kwaminisancin yana da ƙarfinsa a kusa da Atbara. Atbara kuma ita ce farkon farawa don tattara mutane a kan gwamnatin a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheikh |first=Tarek |date=28 December 2018 |title=Les espoirs d'une troisième révolution au Soudan |url=https://orientxxi.info/magazine/les-espoirs-d-une-troisieme-revolution-au-soudan,2834 |website=Orient XXI}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Kogin Atbarah|Atbarha]] tana a wurin haɗuwar [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] da Atbarah. Atbara ta ƙunshi gundumomi da yawa ciki har da gundumar Umbukole wacce ta kasance gidan Makarantar Sakandare ta Farko a Atbara. Sauran gundumomi sun hada da gundumar jirgin kasa, Almurabaat, Alsawdana da Almatar . Umbukole shine asalin sunan da aka ba babban birni a cikin jihar arewacin Kurti. Yanzu galibi ana tunawa da shi a matsayin sunan wani karamin gundumar a Atbara. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan gundumomin Atbara shine Al-Dakhla (الداخلة) a cikin Larabci. Wasu har yanzu suna amfani da sunan Al-Dakhla yana nufin Atbara. === Yanayi === Atbara tana da Yanayin hamada mai zafi (Köppen climate classification ''BWh''). Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara ya kai sama da 30 ° C (86 ° F) kuma matsakaicin matsakaicin ya wuce 40 ° C (104 ° F) a cikin watanni 7 na shekara. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 60 mm, galibi daga Yuli da Agusta. &nbsp;Atbara tana da rana, matsakaicin sa'o'i 3,545 na hasken rana a kowace shekara ko 81% na yiwuwar hasken rana.{{Weather box}} == Tattalin Arziki == Hanyar mota ta Afirka - Hanyar Alkahira-Cape Town ta wuce ta Atbara. Filin jirgin saman Atbara yana gabashin birnin. Atbara muhimmiyar tashar jirgin kasa ce da cibiyar masana'antar jirgin kasa, kuma mafi yawan aiki a Atbara suna da alaƙa da layin dogo. Hedikwatar Kamfanin Jirgin Kasa na Sudan tana cikin Atbara. Har ila yau, garin yana da ɗayan manyan masana'antun siminti na Sudan, Atbara Cement Corporation. == Yawan jama'a == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Yawan jama'a |- |1956 | style="text-align:right;" |36,300 |- |1973 | style="text-align:right;" |66,116 |- |1983 | style="text-align:right;" |73,009 |- |1993 | style="text-align:right;" |87,878 |- |2007 (Kimanin) | style="text-align:right;" |111,399 |- |2008<ref name=":0" /> | style="text-align:right;" |134,586 |} == Shahararrun mazauna == * Mandour Elmahdi, marubucin A Short History of the Sudan . * Rashid Mahdi, mai daukar hoto == Dubi kuma == * [[Itofiya|Habasha]] - ƙasar iyaka ta [[Blue Nile]]. == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kvxz8mhmw7nzyg5v097oh03i909lcnp 3 179310 967968 2026-10-15T21:23:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967968 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tylerbeachum! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tylerbeachum|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 6w65yw37net0mpb8q79y7qepf5lh8rw 3 179311 967969 2026-10-15T21:23:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967969 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, DuckyNL! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/DuckyNL|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 5rluguv6k859ibqeyn8016btld56tk9 3 179312 967970 2026-10-15T21:23:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967970 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, JanaJin! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/JanaJin|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 9u8zad4zh0xknkv3pzlh5qbt5c9wh9w 3 179313 967971 2026-10-15T21:23:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967971 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Paulin Méry! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Paulin Méry|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) hsq3lpwtj24gtx2ow7uwzg6i33qz77x 3 179314 967972 2026-10-15T21:23:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967972 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Nico! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Nico|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 1i6eioorbcwlq4d0o6v6h3o02fv2zkh 3 179315 967973 2026-10-15T21:24:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967973 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, M. Al-Muhit! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/M. Al-Muhit|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ls1ey1kjxrk03ofsbaispnszxo3ys0z 3 179316 967974 2026-10-15T21:24:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967974 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ufg2000! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ufg2000|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 1m97kr8uqzgn2uhkyjsnnokcv9bx34z 3 179317 967975 2026-10-15T21:24:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967975 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Renmar210! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Renmar210|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 9kr2sf1yrr4ac4mqm2rds7m0op98mo6 3 179318 967976 2026-10-15T21:24:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967976 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, さつまやまいもすけ! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/さつまやまいもすけ|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 1zh7wup6v8gxa4dg1u1k443m749ayr7 3 179319 967978 2026-10-15T21:24:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967978 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mishimao! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mishimao|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) gfkhjf9x11k8mwrb9ndfxgb2t7djhsa 3 179320 967979 2026-10-15T21:24:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967979 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Stuttle2! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Stuttle2|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 9pblhwp0j5trl3y6prwwbtlosn0fcpd 3 179321 967980 2026-10-15T21:25:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967980 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Madelgarius! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Madelgarius|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 519u09dj2c067vtugs0rt8393u6kbrf 3 179322 967981 2026-10-15T21:25:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967981 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Howohhoh! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Howohhoh|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 834cl6ln6dtwn7eb0519fcc13nd3ryf 3 179323 967983 2026-10-15T21:25:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967983 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kinkku Ananas! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kinkku Ananas|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) gf6ugubhv21hxptdv1vvv3z8xb2aig7 3 179324 967984 2026-10-15T21:25:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967984 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Deenwanbai! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Deenwanbai|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) iv5kpajslphdyzl030m5wg3c99psee1 3 179325 967987 2026-10-15T21:26:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967987 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Lamiaisha! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Lamiaisha|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) szv2bfcouyn1ban25z623s9e78x0y4o 3 179326 967988 2026-10-15T21:26:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967988 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Paccyd33! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Paccyd33|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 0xqfvn8nz0avlgc3vy4erxg7ar6lz3x 3 179327 967989 2026-10-15T21:26:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967989 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Isahabu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Isahabu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) mnjpgtm14pmkrbp21c0auw3gq1iv4cr 3 179328 967990 2026-10-15T21:26:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967990 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ehud Amir! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ehud Amir|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 1hmwx2u5o6vtcb2nfbwe09tiyapblpi 3 179329 967991 2026-10-15T21:26:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967991 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Gradert011! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Gradert011|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) tuh0nauxs5w1kfcgkihtm9e485u9p6t 3 179330 967992 2026-10-15T21:26:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967992 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, AliFulgur! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/AliFulgur|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 15v2z4mrzfsgyvm0s78u58filh4e432 3 179331 967993 2026-10-15T21:27:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967993 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Derosnec! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Derosnec|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) o5zbb73jfk93uccaoji3odxk6vemy1v 3 179332 967994 2026-10-15T21:27:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 967994 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Stormucla! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Stormucla|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 15 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) goywfm3hyhhugtfsv1i639njmk7f09l 0 179333 968069 2026-10-16T05:13:45Z Ummu Ilham 45024 Sabon shafi: '''Albarkatun ƙasa a Jihar Gombe''' sun haɗa da ma'adanai, albarkatun ruwa, ƙasa mai dacewa da noma, filayen kiwo da albarkatun gandun daji. Jihar tana yankin arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]], kuma tana da albarkatun da za su iya taimakawa wajen bunƙasa noma, masana'antu, samar da makamashi da ayyukan yi. Rahotannin Hukumar Bunƙasa Albarkatun Ƙasa ta Najeriya da Hukumar Ƙarfafa Zuba Jari ta Najeriya sun bayyana ma'adanai da dama da ake samu a jihar.<ref>{{cite web |tit... 968069 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albarkatun ƙasa a Jihar Gombe''' sun haɗa da ma'adanai, albarkatun ruwa, ƙasa mai dacewa da noma, filayen kiwo da albarkatun gandun daji. Jihar tana yankin arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]], kuma tana da albarkatun da za su iya taimakawa wajen bunƙasa noma, masana'antu, samar da makamashi da ayyukan yi. Rahotannin Hukumar Bunƙasa Albarkatun Ƙasa ta Najeriya da Hukumar Ƙarfafa Zuba Jari ta Najeriya sun bayyana ma'adanai da dama da ake samu a jihar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe |url=https://nipc.gov.ng/nigeria/gombe |publisher=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |title=NEITI Occasional Paper Series: A Survey of Solid Minerals Landscape Endowments in Nigeria |url=https://neiti.gov.ng/cms/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NEITI-OPS6-A-Survey-Solid-Minerals-Landscape-Endowments-in-Nigeria-310120.pdf |publisher=Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative |date=January 2020 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Ma'adanai == Jihar Gombe na da nau'o'in ma'adanai daban-daban. Rahoton NEITI ya lissafa graphite, kaolin, farar ƙasa, yashin silica, uranium, gawayi, gishiri, yumbu, gypsum, diatomite da granite a cikin ma'adanai da ake dangantawa da jihar. Haka kuma, Hukumar Ƙarfafa Zuba Jari ta Najeriya ta bayyana farar ƙasa, gypsum, baƙin ƙarfe, gawayi, kaolin da bentonite a matsayin muhimman ma'adanai na jihar. Sai dai kasancewar ma'adini a ƙasa ba ya tabbatar da cewa ana haƙo shi a babban sikeli ko kuma yana da ingancin kasuwanci a kowane wuri.<ref>{{cite report |title=NEITI Occasional Paper Series: A Survey of Solid Minerals Landscape Endowments in Nigeria |url=https://neiti.gov.ng/cms/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NEITI-OPS6-A-Survey-Solid-Minerals-Landscape-Endowments-in-Nigeria-310120.pdf |publisher=Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative |date=January 2020 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe |url=https://nipc.gov.ng/nigeria/gombe |publisher=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> === Farar ƙasa === Farar ƙasa na daga cikin muhimman albarkatun ma'adinai na Jihar Gombe. Ana amfani da ita wajen samar da siminti da wasu kayan gini. Masana'antar Siminti ta Ashaka da ke jihar tana daga cikin masana'antun da suka danganci albarkatun ma'adinai na yankin. A watan Agustan 2026, gidan rediyon Voice of Nigeria ya ruwaito cewa gwamnatin jihar ta bukaci masu sabon ikon mallakar Ashaka Cement su haɗa faɗaɗa samar da siminti da samar da ayyukan yi, kula da muhalli da inganta rayuwar al'ummomin da ke kusa da masana'antar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Governor Tasks Cement Company on Corporate Social Responsibility |url=https://von.gov.ng/gombe-governor-tasks-ashaka-cement-on-corporate-social-responsibility/ |publisher=Voice of Nigeria |date=18 August 2026 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> === Gypsum === Gypsum wani ma'adini ne da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da siminti, plaster of Paris da wasu kayan gini. Hukumar Ƙarfafa Zuba Jari ta Najeriya ta lissafa gypsum cikin muhimman ma'adanai na Jihar Gombe. Sarrafa shi a cikin gida na iya taimakawa wajen samar da ayyukan yi da ƙara darajar albarkatun da ake hakowa, maimakon sayar da su a matsayin ɗanyen kaya kawai.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe |url=https://nipc.gov.ng/nigeria/gombe |publisher=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |title=NEITI Occasional Paper Series: A Survey of Solid Minerals Landscape Endowments in Nigeria |url=https://neiti.gov.ng/cms/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NEITI-OPS6-A-Survey-Solid-Minerals-Landscape-Endowments-in-Nigeria-310120.pdf |publisher=Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative |date=January 2020 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> === Gawayi === Gawayi na daga cikin ma'adanai da aka gano a Jihar Gombe. Yankin Maiganga yana da alaƙa da ayyukan haƙar gawayi, kuma albarkatun suna da damar taimakawa wajen samar da makamashin masana'antu. A ranar 28 ga Janairun 2026, Raw Materials Research and Development Council ta ruwaito cewa ta fara tattaunawa da masu ruwa da tsaki daga jihar kan wani shiri na sarrafa gawayi domin samar da coke don masana'antu da kuma briquettes da za a iya amfani da su a gidaje. Shirin yana nuna ƙoƙarin ƙara darajar gawayi ta hanyar sarrafa shi a cikin gida.<ref>{{cite web |title=RMRDC, Gombe State Stakeholders Move to Boost Coal Value Addition |url=https://360.rmrdc.gov.ng/rmrdc-gombe-state-stakeholders-move-to-boost-coal-value-addition/ |publisher=Raw Materials 360 |date=28 January 2026 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> === Kaolin da yumbu === Kaolin da yumbu suna daga cikin ma'adanai da aka lissafa a rahotannin albarkatun ƙasa na Jihar Gombe. Ana iya amfani da su wajen samar da tukwane, kayayyakin yumbu da wasu kayan masana'antu da gine-gine. Faɗaɗa bincike da kafa masana'antun sarrafawa na iya samar da ƙarin ayyukan yi da kasuwanci, amma ana buƙatar tantance ingancin kowane ma'adini kafin a fara amfani da shi a babban matakin masana'antu.<ref>{{cite report |title=NEITI Occasional Paper Series: A Survey of Solid Minerals Landscape Endowments in Nigeria |url=https://neiti.gov.ng/cms/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NEITI-OPS6-A-Survey-Solid-Minerals-Landscape-Endowments-in-Nigeria-310120.pdf |publisher=Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative |date=January 2020 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> === Baƙin ƙarfe === Baƙin ƙarfe yana cikin ma'adanai da Hukumar Ƙarfafa Zuba Jari ta Najeriya ta lissafa a matsayin albarkatun Jihar Gombe. Ana amfani da ƙarfen da aka sarrafa daga ma'adinin baƙin ƙarfe wajen samar da ƙarfe da sauran kayayyakin masana'antu. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar ingantattun bayanai game da yawan ma'adinin, ingancinsa da damar haƙarsa ta kasuwanci kafin a iya tantance irin gudummawar da zai bayar ga masana'antu a jihar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe |url=https://nipc.gov.ng/nigeria/gombe |publisher=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> === Granite, graphite da yashin silica === Granite, graphite da yashin silica suna cikin ma'adanai da rahoton NEITI ya lissafa a Jihar Gombe. Granite na iya zama albarkatun samar da duwatsun gini, yayin da yashin silica yake da amfani a wasu masana'antun gilashi da kayayyakin gini, gwargwadon ingancinsa. Graphite kuma ana amfani da shi a wasu kayayyakin masana'antu. Amfani da waɗannan albarkatu yadda ya kamata yana buƙatar bincike na ƙasa da tabbatar da ingancin ma'adinai kafin zuba jari a hakowa ko sarrafawa.<ref>{{cite report |title=NEITI Occasional Paper Series: A Survey of Solid Minerals Landscape Endowments in Nigeria |url=https://neiti.gov.ng/cms/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NEITI-OPS6-A-Survey-Solid-Minerals-Landscape-Endowments-in-Nigeria-310120.pdf |publisher=Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative |date=January 2020 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Albarkatun ruwa == Albarkatun ruwa na daga cikin muhimman albarkatun ƙasa a Jihar Gombe. Sun haɗa da koguna, madatsun ruwa da ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Hukumar Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority ta bayyana Madatsar Ruwan Dadin Kowa da Madatsar Ruwan Cham a cikin ayyukan samar da ruwa da ake gudanarwa a yankin. Waɗannan albarkatu suna da amfani ga noman rani, samar da ruwa, kamun kifi da wasu ayyukan tattalin arziki.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dadin Kowa Dam Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dadinkowa.php |publisher=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cham Dam Project, Balanga LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.ubrbda.gov.ng/cham.php |publisher=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> === Madatsar Ruwan Dadin Kowa === Madatsar Ruwan Dadin Kowa tana kan Kogin Gongola, a yankin Ƙaramar Hukumar Yamaltu/Deba, kimanin kilomita 37 daga garin Gombe ta hanyar Gombe–Biu. Hukumar Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority ta bayyana cewa an tsara madatsar domin ayyuka da suka haɗa da noman rani, samar da ruwa, samar da wutar lantarki da kula da ambaliyar ruwa. Madatsar tana da muhimmanci ga ayyukan noma da kamun kifi da suka dogara da ruwa a yankin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dadin Kowa Dam Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dadinkowa.php |publisher=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> === Madatsar Ruwan Cham === Madatsar Ruwan Cham tana cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar Balanga. Hukumar Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority ta bayyana cewa an gina madatsar tsakanin shekarar 1982 da 1990, kuma an tsara ta domin rage ambaliyar ruwa, samar da ruwa da tallafa wa noman rani a ƙaramin sikeli. Saboda haka, madatsar tana cikin muhimman albarkatun ruwa da za su iya tallafa wa ayyukan noma da rayuwar al'ummomin yankin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cham Dam Project, Balanga LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.ubrbda.gov.ng/cham.php |publisher=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Ƙasa da albarkatun noma == Ƙasa mai kyau da filayen noma suna daga cikin muhimman albarkatun Jihar Gombe. Rahoton NEITI kan kuɗaɗen shiga da amfani da kuɗaɗen hukumomin gwamnati ya bayyana cewa noma, kiwon dabbobi, ma'adinai da sana'o'in gargajiya suna cikin manyan ayyukan tattalin arzikin jihar. Ana noma amfanin gona kamar masara, auduga, gyada, gero, dawa da wake. Waɗannan albarkatu suna taimaka wa samar da abinci, kasuwanci da samar da kayan da masana'antu ke amfani da su.<ref>{{cite report |title=Summary Report on Revenues, Deductions, Analysis of Disbursement and Utilization of Funds, 2017–2019 |url=https://eiti.org/sites/default/files/attachments/neiti_fasd_report_2017_-_2019.pdf |publisher=Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Filayen kiwo da dabbobi == Filayen kiwo suna da muhimmanci ga kiwon shanu, tumaki, awaki da sauran dabbobi a Jihar Gombe. Kiwon dabbobi yana samar da nama, madara, fata da sauran kayayyakin da ake sayarwa a kasuwanni. Rahoton NEITI ya bayyana kiwon dabbobi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan tattalin arzikin jihar. Inganta wuraren kiwo, samar da ruwan sha ga dabbobi da kula da lafiyarsu na iya ƙara yawan abin da ake samarwa da rage rikice-rikicen amfani da ƙasa.<ref>{{cite report |title=Summary Report on Revenues, Deductions, Analysis of Disbursement and Utilization of Funds, 2017–2019 |url=https://eiti.org/sites/default/files/attachments/neiti_fasd_report_2017_-_2019.pdf |publisher=Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Albarkatun gandun daji == Albarkatun gandun daji sun haɗa da bishiyoyi, itace, tsirrai da sauran halittu masu amfani ga muhalli da tattalin arziki. Bishiyoyin ƙirya suna samar da ɗankon itace da ake kira gum arabic, wanda ake amfani da shi a wasu masana'antun abinci da abin sha. Hukumar Ƙarfafa Zuba Jari ta Najeriya ta bayyana cewa Gombe tana da damar bunƙasa samar da ɗankon itacen ƙirya, amma ana sayar da yawancin abin da ake samarwa a matsayin ɗanyen kaya. Ƙara sarrafa shi a cikin gida na iya ƙara darajarsa da samar da ayyukan yi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe |url=https://nipc.gov.ng/nigeria/gombe |publisher=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Muhimmancin albarkatun ƙasa ga tattalin arziki == Albarkatun ƙasa suna da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin Jihar Gombe saboda suna samar da kayan da masana'antu ke amfani da su, suna tallafa wa noma da kiwo, kuma suna iya samar da ayyukan yi da kuɗaɗen shiga. A wani rahoto da jaridar The Sun ta wallafa a ranar 8 ga Janairun 2026, an bayyana cewa jihar tana da ma'adanai da dama amma har yanzu ba a yi amfani da damar sarrafa su a masana'antu yadda ya kamata ba. Wannan yana nuna muhimmancin zuba jari a bincike, sarrafa albarkatu da samar da kayayyakin da za a iya sayarwa a cikin gida da wajen jihar.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mungadi |first=Abdulrazaq |title=Rich in minerals, poor in exploitation |url=https://thesun.ng/rich-in-minerals-poor-in-exploitation/ |work=The Sun Nigeria |date=8 January 2026 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Ƙalubalen amfani da albarkatun ƙasa == Ɗaya daga cikin ƙalubalen amfani da albarkatun ƙasa a Jihar Gombe shi ne rashin wadatattun masana'antun sarrafa wasu ma'adanai. Jaridar The Sun ta ruwaito cewa duk da kasancewar ma'adanai da dama, akwai gibi tsakanin damar albarkatun da kuma yadda ake amfani da su wajen bunƙasa masana'antu. Sauran ƙalubalen sun haɗa da buƙatar jari, kayayyakin more rayuwa, fasahar sarrafawa da ingantaccen bincike kan wuraren da ake da ma'adanai.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mungadi |first=Abdulrazaq |title=Rich in minerals, poor in exploitation |url=https://thesun.ng/rich-in-minerals-poor-in-exploitation/ |work=The Sun Nigeria |date=8 January 2026 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> Haƙar ma'adanai da sauran ayyukan tattalin arziki na iya haifar da lalacewar ƙasa, gurɓatar ruwa da matsalolin muhalli idan ba a bi ƙa'idojin kariya ba. A watan Agustan 2026, Voice of Nigeria ta ruwaito kira daga gwamnan jihar ga masu gudanar da masana'antar Ashaka Cement da su ƙara kula da muhalli da jin daɗin al'ummomin da ke kewaye da masana'antar. Wannan yana nuna muhimmancin haɗa kariyar muhalli da amfanin al'umma cikin shirye-shiryen bunƙasa albarkatun ƙasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Governor Tasks Cement Company on Corporate Social Responsibility |url=https://von.gov.ng/gombe-governor-tasks-ashaka-cement-on-corporate-social-responsibility/ |publisher=Voice of Nigeria |date=18 August 2026 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Makomar albarkatun ƙasa a Jihar Gombe == Makomar albarkatun ƙasa a Jihar Gombe tana da alaƙa da inganta binciken ƙasa, jawo masu zuba jari, sarrafa ma'adanai a cikin gida da ƙarfafa ayyukan noma da kiwo. Shirin da Raw Materials Research and Development Council ta tattauna da masu ruwa da tsaki kan sarrafa gawayi a shekarar 2026 yana daga cikin ƙoƙarin ƙara darajar albarkatun da ake da su. Idan aka haɗa irin waɗannan shirye-shirye da tsare-tsaren kariyar muhalli, jihar za ta iya ƙara amfana da albarkatunta tare da samar da ayyukan yi ga mazauna yankunanta.<ref>{{cite web |title=RMRDC, Gombe State Stakeholders Move to Boost Coal Value Addition |url=https://360.rmrdc.gov.ng/rmrdc-gombe-state-stakeholders-move-to-boost-coal-value-addition/ |publisher=Raw Materials 360 |date=28 January 2026 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Haƙar ma'adinai a Jihar Gombe]] * [[Noma a Jihar Gombe]] * [[Ciniki da kasuwanci a Jihar Gombe]] * [[Masana'antar Siminti ta Ashaka]] * [[Madatsar Ruwan Dadin Kowa]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} pneyrf25u2kmd79imo9eq6ywrbu72q5 0 179334 968071 2026-10-16T05:22:15Z Ummu Ilham 45024 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization | name = Gombe State Agency for Community and Social Development | native_name = Hukumar Ci Gaban Al'umma da Zamantakewa ta Jihar Gombe | abbreviation = Gombe CSDA | formation = | type = Government agency | headquarters = Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria | region_served = Gombe State | parent_organization = Gombe State Government | purpose = Community development and social infrastructure | website = }} '''Hukumar Ci Gaban Al'umma da Zamantakewa ta Jihar G... 968071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Gombe State Agency for Community and Social Development | native_name = Hukumar Ci Gaban Al'umma da Zamantakewa ta Jihar Gombe | abbreviation = Gombe CSDA | formation = | type = Government agency | headquarters = Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria | region_served = Gombe State | parent_organization = Gombe State Government | purpose = Community development and social infrastructure | website = }} '''Hukumar Ci Gaban Al'umma da Zamantakewa ta Jihar Gombe''' (a Turanci: ''Gombe State Agency for Community and Social Development'', ko ''Gombe CSDA'') hukuma ce da ke aiwatar da shirye-shiryen raya al'umma a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da tallafa wa al'ummomi wajen gina da inganta abubuwan more rayuwa, kamar makarantu, cibiyoyin lafiya, rijiyoyin burtsatse, magudanan ruwa da sauran ayyukan da ke taimaka wa al'umma. Hukumar tana kuma aiwatar da ayyukan da suka shafi shirin Gombe State COVID-19 Action Recovery and Economic Stimulus (GO-CARES), wanda aka tsara domin tallafa wa al'ummomi da mutanen da ke cikin mawuyacin hali.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Inuwa Releases N693m For Community Development |url=https://leadership.ng/governor-inuwa-releases-n693m-for-community-development/ |work=Leadership |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=How Gombe CSDA is touching lives through massive humanitarian projects across rural communities |url=https://ngcares.gov.ng/fgn/how-gombe-csda-is-touching-lives-through-massive-humanitarian-projects-across-rural-communities/ |publisher=Nigeria Community Action for Resilience and Economic Stimulus |date=9 October 2024 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi da kafuwar hukumar == Hukumar tana cikin tsarin ayyukan raya al'umma da ake aiwatarwa a Najeriya tare da haɗin gwiwar gwamnatin tarayya, gwamnatocin jihohi da abokan hulɗa na ci gaba. Shirin Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) ya samo asali ne daga gogewar shirye-shiryen rage talauci da inganta muhalli, ciki har da Community-Based Poverty Reduction Project da Local Empowerment and Environmental Management Project. Babban manufar tsarin shi ne inganta damar al'ummomi samun muhimman ayyukan more rayuwa da tallafa wa al'umma wajen yanke shawarar ayyukan da suke buƙata.<ref>{{cite web |title=Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) |url=https://nassp.gov.ng/what-we-do/community-and-social-development-project |publisher=National Social Safety-Nets Coordinating Office |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> A Jihar Gombe, hukumar ta ci gaba da aiwatar da ayyukan da suka shafi raya al'umma, musamman ta hanyar shirye-shiryen GO-CARES. A watan Nuwamba 2023, Gwamna Muhammadu Inuwa Yahaya ya saki naira miliyan 693 domin tallafa wa ayyukan raya al'umma a rukuni na uku na shirin, wanda ya shafi ƙarin al'ummomi 77. Wannan tallafi ya biyo bayan ayyukan da aka aiwatar a rukunan da suka gabata.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Inuwa Releases N693m For Community Development |url=https://leadership.ng/governor-inuwa-releases-n693m-for-community-development/ |work=Leadership |date=November 2023 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Manufofin hukumar == Babbar manufar hukumar ita ce inganta rayuwar al'umma ta hanyar samar da abubuwan more rayuwa da kuma ƙarfafa halartar jama'a wajen tsara ayyukan da za su amfane su. Wannan tsari yana ba al'umma damar bayyana bukatunsu, shiga cikin aiwatar da ayyukan da aka amince da su, da kuma ɗaukar nauyin kula da su bayan kammalawa. Tsarin Community-Driven Development yana daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin aiwatar da shirin CSDP a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) |url=https://nassp.gov.ng/what-we-do/community-and-social-development-project |publisher=National Social Safety-Nets Coordinating Office |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> Hukumar tana kuma da manufar taimaka wa talakawa da al'ummomin da ke da ƙarancin damar samun ayyukan gwamnati. Ayyukan da ake aiwatarwa sun haɗa da samar da ruwan sha, inganta ilimi da lafiya, tallafa wa abinci mai gina jiki, gyaran muhalli da wasu ayyukan tattalin arziki. Rahotannin ayyukan GO-CARES sun nuna cewa ana amfani da tallafin domin kai ayyuka ga al'ummomi da ƙungiyoyin da suka cancanta.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Inuwa Releases N556m For Grants To GO-CARES Beneficiaries |url=https://leadership.ng/gov-inuwa-releases-n556m-for-grants-to-go-cares-beneficiaries/ |work=Leadership |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Ayyukan hukumar == === Samar da makarantu da inganta ilimi === Inganta ilimi na daga cikin ayyukan da hukumar ta aiwatar ta hanyar shirye-shiryen raya al'umma. A cewar rahoton jaridar Leadership, a lokacin aiwatar da rukuni na biyu na GO-CARES, hukumar ta gina tubalan azuzuwa guda 17 tare da samar da kayan ɗaki ga makarantu. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da aka ambata shi ne ginin azuzuwa da ofisoshi a Walin Kwami Primary School, ta hannun ƙungiyar matan Palta da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar Kwami.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Inuwa Releases N556m For Grants To GO-CARES Beneficiaries |url=https://leadership.ng/gov-inuwa-releases-n556m-for-grants-to-go-cares-beneficiaries/ |work=Leadership |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> === Samar da cibiyoyin lafiya === Hukumar ta tallafa wa ayyukan inganta kiwon lafiya a wasu al'ummomin jihar. Rahoton Leadership ya bayyana cewa a lokacin rukuni na biyu na GO-CARES, an gina cibiyoyin kula da lafiyar matakin farko guda 15. Irin waɗannan ayyuka na da muhimmanci wajen taimaka wa al'ummomin karkara samun kulawar lafiya kusa da gidajensu, musamman wajen rigakafi, kula da lafiyar yara da mata, da sauran ayyukan kiwon lafiya na farko.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Inuwa Releases N556m For Grants To GO-CARES Beneficiaries |url=https://leadership.ng/gov-inuwa-releases-n556m-for-grants-to-go-cares-beneficiaries/ |work=Leadership |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> === Samar da ruwan sha da tsafta === Samar da ruwan sha da wuraren tsafta yana daga cikin muhimman ayyukan hukumar. Rahoton Leadership kan tallafin naira miliyan 556 ya bayyana samar da rijiyoyin burtsatse guda 23 da bandakuna guda 30 a matsayin wasu daga cikin ayyukan da aka aiwatar ƙarƙashin rukuni na biyu na GO-CARES. Samun ruwan sha mai tsafta da ingantattun wuraren tsafta na taimakawa wajen rage haɗarin cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa ta hanyar ruwa da kuma inganta lafiyar al'umma.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Inuwa Releases N556m For Grants To GO-CARES Beneficiaries |url=https://leadership.ng/gov-inuwa-releases-n556m-for-grants-to-go-cares-beneficiaries/ |work=Leadership |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> === Tallafin abinci mai gina jiki === Hukumar ta kuma shiga cikin ayyukan tallafa wa abinci mai gina jiki ga mutanen da ke buƙatar taimako. Rahoton Leadership ya bayyana cewa an samar da kayan abinci masu ƙarin sinadarai masu gina jiki ga mutane 4,000 ƙarƙashin shirin GO-CARES. Irin wannan tallafi yana da nufin taimaka wa waɗanda ke cikin mawuyacin hali samun abinci mai gina jiki, musamman a lokutan da matsin tattalin arziki ke shafar iyalai.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Inuwa Releases N556m For Grants To GO-CARES Beneficiaries |url=https://leadership.ng/gov-inuwa-releases-n556m-for-grants-to-go-cares-beneficiaries/ |work=Leadership |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> === Ayyukan muhalli da magance zaizayar ƙasa === Ayyukan hukumar sun haɗa da wasu ayyukan kare muhalli da inganta yanayin rayuwa a al'ummomi. Rahoton Nigeria Community Action for Resilience and Economic Stimulus na shekarar 2024 ya ambaci ayyuka kamar kula da zaizayar ƙasa, samar da magudanan ruwa, gina madatsun ruwa na ƙasa da sauran abubuwan more rayuwa a yankunan karkara. Waɗannan ayyuka na taimakawa wajen rage illolin muhalli da inganta damar al'umma samun muhimman ayyuka.<ref>{{cite web |title=How Gombe CSDA is touching lives through massive humanitarian projects across rural communities |url=https://ngcares.gov.ng/fgn/how-gombe-csda-is-touching-lives-through-massive-humanitarian-projects-across-rural-communities/ |publisher=Nigeria Community Action for Resilience and Economic Stimulus |date=9 October 2024 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> === Gina cibiyoyin al'umma da magudanan ruwa === Hukumar ta kuma aiwatar da ayyukan gina cibiyoyin al'umma, wuraren ibada, magudanan ruwa da sauran ƙananan ayyukan more rayuwa. Rahoton NG-CARES na shekarar 2024 ya bayyana cewa ayyukan hukumar sun shafi al'ummomi da dama a jihar, tare da manufar inganta rayuwar mazauna karkara da taimaka wa jama'a samun muhimman ayyuka kusa da inda suke zaune.<ref>{{cite web |title=How Gombe CSDA is touching lives through massive humanitarian projects across rural communities |url=https://ngcares.gov.ng/fgn/how-gombe-csda-is-touching-lives-through-massive-humanitarian-projects-across-rural-communities/ |publisher=Nigeria Community Action for Resilience and Economic Stimulus |date=9 October 2024 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Shirin GO-CARES == Gombe State COVID-19 Action Recovery and Economic Stimulus (GO-CARES) wani shiri ne na jihar da aka tsara domin tallafa wa mutanen da annobar COVID-19 da matsin tattalin arziki suka shafa, da kuma inganta ayyukan more rayuwa ga al'ummomi. Shirin ya haɗa da tallafin ayyukan lafiya, ilimi, ruwa, abinci mai gina jiki da muhalli. Hukumar Ci Gaban Al'umma da Zamantakewa ta Jihar Gombe tana ɗaya daga cikin hukumomin da ke aiwatar da wasu sassan shirin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Governor Inuwa Approves Projects In 200 Gombe Communities |url=https://leadership.ng/governor-inuwa-approves-projects-in-200-gombe-communities/ |work=Leadership |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, an ruwaito cewa Gwamna Inuwa Yahaya ya amince da aiwatar da ayyuka a al'ummomi 200 a faɗin jihar ƙarƙashin shirin GO-CARES. An bayyana cewa shirin ya fara ne a al'ummomi bakwai, ya faɗaɗa zuwa 28, sannan 77, kafin ya kai 200. Ayyukan sun shafi lafiya, ilimi, ruwa, abinci mai gina jiki da muhalli, tare da horar da kwamitocin al'umma kan gudanar da ƙananan ayyuka da kula da kuɗaɗen tallafi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Governor Inuwa Approves Projects In 200 Gombe Communities |url=https://leadership.ng/governor-inuwa-approves-projects-in-200-gombe-communities/ |work=Leadership |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Tallafin kuɗi da gudanar da ayyuka == A watan Nuwamba 2023, gwamnatin jihar ta saki naira miliyan 693 domin tallafa wa rukuni na uku na ayyukan GO-CARES a ƙarin al'ummomi 77. An danganta sakin kuɗin da nasarar aiwatar da ayyukan rukunan baya. An kuma horar da ƙungiyoyin al'umma da kwamitocin gudanar da ayyuka kan tsarin aiwatar da ƙananan ayyuka, gudanar da kuɗi, saye da sayarwa, da tabbatar da cewa ayyukan sun dawwama bayan kammalawa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Inuwa Releases N693m For Community Development |url=https://leadership.ng/governor-inuwa-releases-n693m-for-community-development/ |work=Leadership |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> A wani rahoto daban, jaridar Leadership ta bayyana cewa gwamnatin jihar ta saki naira miliyan 556 domin tallafa wa rukunin biyu na masu cin gajiyar GO-CARES. Wannan tallafi ya taimaka wajen aiwatar da ayyukan da suka haɗa da makarantu, cibiyoyin lafiya, rijiyoyin burtsatse, bandakuna da tallafin abinci mai gina jiki. Adadin kuɗaɗen da aka ambata a waɗannan rahotanni na rukunan tallafi daban-daban ne, ba lallai su kasance jimillar kuɗin da hukumar ta kashe a dukkan ayyukanta ba.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Inuwa Releases N556m For Grants To GO-CARES Beneficiaries |url=https://leadership.ng/gov-inuwa-releases-n556m-for-grants-to-go-cares-beneficiaries/ |work=Leadership |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Inuwa Releases N693m For Community Development |url=https://leadership.ng/governor-inuwa-releases-n693m-for-community-development/ |work=Leadership |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Haɗin gwiwa da al'umma == Tsarin raya al'umma da hukumar ke amfani da shi yana ba mazauna yankunan da suka amfana damar shiga cikin tsara ayyuka, sa ido kan aiwatar da su da kula da su bayan kammalawa. Hukumar ta ƙarfafa kwamitocin al'umma su kiyaye ingancin ayyuka, su gudanar da kuɗaɗen tallafi cikin gaskiya, kuma su tabbatar da cewa kayan more rayuwar da aka gina suna ci gaba da aiki. Wannan tsarin ya dace da manufar CSDP ta ƙarfafa al'umma su mallaki ayyukan da aka aiwatar domin amfaninsu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) |url=https://nassp.gov.ng/what-we-do/community-and-social-development-project |publisher=National Social Safety-Nets Coordinating Office |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Inuwa Releases N693m For Community Development |url=https://leadership.ng/governor-inuwa-releases-n693m-for-community-development/ |work=Leadership |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Muhimmancin hukumar == Hukumar tana da muhimmanci wajen tallafa wa raya karkara, rage gibi tsakanin al'ummomin da ke da ayyukan more rayuwa da waɗanda ba su da su, da inganta damar samun ilimi, lafiya, ruwa da tsafta. Ayyukan da aka ruwaito ƙarƙashin GO-CARES sun nuna cewa tallafin hukumar ya shafi muhimman buƙatun rayuwar jama'a, musamman a yankunan da ke buƙatar ƙarin ayyukan gwamnati da tallafi.<ref>{{cite web |title=How Gombe CSDA is touching lives through massive humanitarian projects across rural communities |url=https://ngcares.gov.ng/fgn/how-gombe-csda-is-touching-lives-through-massive-humanitarian-projects-across-rural-communities/ |publisher=Nigeria Community Action for Resilience and Economic Stimulus |date=9 October 2024 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Governor Inuwa Approves Projects In 200 Gombe Communities |url=https://leadership.ng/governor-inuwa-approves-projects-in-200-gombe-communities/ |work=Leadership |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Ƙalubale == Dorewar ayyukan raya al'umma na buƙatar ingantaccen kulawa bayan kammalawa, gaskiya wajen gudanar da kuɗaɗen tallafi, da haɗin gwiwar al'umma da hukumomin gwamnati. Rahotannin tallafin hukumar sun jaddada muhimmancin horar da kwamitocin al'umma kan kula da ayyuka, sa ido da gudanar da kuɗi. Rashin kulawa bayan kammalawa na iya rage amfanin ayyukan kamar rijiyoyin burtsatse, azuzuwa da cibiyoyin lafiya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Inuwa Releases N693m For Community Development |url=https://leadership.ng/governor-inuwa-releases-n693m-for-community-development/ |work=Leadership |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe]] * [[Ci gaban al'umma]] * [[Shirin GO-CARES]] * [[Community and Social Development Project]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 0dt7nny9zjuzr5wrafp83eywjzs0sdy 0 179335 968073 2026-10-16T05:37:34Z Ummu Ilham 45024 Sabon shafi: '''Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Gombe''' ƙungiya ce ta ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru da ke wakiltar Jihar Gombe a Najeriya. Ƙungiyar tana shiga gasar ƙwallon kwando ta manyan ƙungiyoyi ta Najeriya, wadda ake kira Nigeria Premier Basketball League. Ta samu damar wakiltar Najeriya a gasar ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando ta nahiyar Afirka a shekarar 2017, sannan ta lashe gasar ƙasa a shekarar 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe Bulls through to FIBA Africa Champions Cup 2017 |url=h... 968073 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Gombe''' ƙungiya ce ta ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru da ke wakiltar Jihar Gombe a Najeriya. Ƙungiyar tana shiga gasar ƙwallon kwando ta manyan ƙungiyoyi ta Najeriya, wadda ake kira Nigeria Premier Basketball League. Ta samu damar wakiltar Najeriya a gasar ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando ta nahiyar Afirka a shekarar 2017, sannan ta lashe gasar ƙasa a shekarar 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe Bulls through to FIBA Africa Champions Cup 2017 |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/news/africachampionscup-2017-news-gombe-bulls-through-to-fiba-africa-champions-cup-2017 |website=FIBA Basketball |date=19 November 2017 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe Bulls |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_Bulls |website=Wikipedia |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ƙungiyar Gombe Bulls tana daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando da ke wakiltar Najeriya a gasannin ƙasa. An nuna shekarar 1985 a matsayin shekarar kafuwarta a bayanan ƙungiyar. Sai dai ana buƙatar ƙarin madogara mai zaman kanta domin tabbatar da cikakken tarihin kafuwarta da matakan da ta bi tun daga farko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe Bulls |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_Bulls |website=Wikipedia |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, Gombe Bulls ta samu tikitin shiga gasar FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup bayan ta taka rawar gani a gasar share fagen yankin Zone 3 da aka gudanar a Legas. A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2017, FIBA ta ruwaito cewa ƙungiyar ta doke ASPAC ta ƙasar Benin da maki 75–71 bayan ƙarin lokaci, lamarin da ya ba ta damar shiga gasar nahiyar Afirka a karon farko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe Bulls through to FIBA Africa Champions Cup 2017 |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/news/africachampionscup-2017-news-gombe-bulls-through-to-fiba-africa-champions-cup-2017 |website=FIBA Basketball |date=19 November 2017 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> A gasar nahiyar Afirka ta 2017, Gombe Bulls ta fuskanci ƙungiyoyi daga wasu ƙasashen Afirka. Rahoton jaridar ''The Guardian'' ya bayyana cewa ƙungiyar ta samu tikitin gasar ne bayan ta zo ta biyu a gasar share fagen Zone 3, inda Kano Pillars ta zo ta farko. Wannan nasara ta kasance muhimmiyar dama ga ƙungiyar wajen gwada ƙarfinta a matakin nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pillars, Gombe Bulls qualify for FIBA Africa Club Championship |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=473446 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |date=20 November 2017 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Nasarori == A shekarar 2018, Gombe Bulls ta lashe gasar Nigerian Premier Basketball League bayan ta doke Kwara Falcons a wasan ƙarshe. Wannan shi ne karon farko da ƙungiyar ta lashe kambun gasar ta ƙasa. Nasarar ta sanya Gombe Bulls cikin jerin ƙungiyoyin da suka taɓa lashe babbar gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe Bulls |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_Bulls |website=Wikipedia |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Premier League (basketball) |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Premier_League_%28basketball%29 |website=Wikipedia |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta kuma kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar ƙasa a shekarar 2017, inda ta zo ta biyu bayan Kano Pillars. A shekarar 2021, Gombe Bulls ta sake kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar da aka gudanar a Abuja, amma Rivers Hoopers ta doke ta da maki 74–57. Waɗannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa ƙungiyar ta kasance cikin masu fafatawa a gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Najeriya a wasu lokuta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Premier League (basketball) |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Premier_League_%28basketball%29 |website=Wikipedia |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Shiga gasannin nahiyar Afirka == Gombe Bulls ta fara bayyana a gasar FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup a shekarar 2017. A gasar, ƙungiyar ta samu nasara a wasu wasanni, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kan Civil Defenders da maki 76–66. Rahoton ''The Guardian'' ya bayyana rawar da Kator Gar da Abdulwahab Yakubu suka taka a wasan, tare da jagorancin koci Mohammed Abdulrahman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA disqualifies Rivers Hoopers, Gombe Bulls defeat Civil Defenders |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/fiba-disqualifies-rivers-hoopers-gombe-bulls-defeat-civil-defenders/ |website=The Guardian Nigeria |date=14 November 2017 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == 'Yan wasa da masu horarwa == Daga cikin 'yan wasan da aka danganta da Gombe Bulls a rahotannin wasanni akwai Abdulwahab Yakubu, Ibe Abuchi Agu, Istifanus Yakubu Silvanus da Wisdom Anyaoha. Wasu daga cikinsu sun samu gayyata zuwa sansanin horar da 'yan wasan ƙasar Najeriya domin shirye-shiryen gasannin ƙasa da na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NBBF calls 20 to camp for Commonwealth Games preparation |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/nbbf-calls-20-to-camp-for-commonwealth-games-preparation/ |website=The Guardian Nigeria |date=1 January 2018 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National under-18, 3×3 FIBA Africa Nations Cup teams begin camping in Abuja |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/national-under-18-3x3-fiba-africa-nations-cup-teams-begin-camping-in-abuja/ |website=The Guardian Nigeria |date=16 September 2019 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, rahotannin wasanni sun bayyana Mohammed Abdulrahman a matsayin kocin ƙungiyar. A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar ta samu damar shiga gasar nahiyar Afirka, kuma wasu 'yan wasanta sun taka rawa a wasannin share fagen da aka gudanar a Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA disqualifies Rivers Hoopers, Gombe Bulls defeat Civil Defenders |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/fiba-disqualifies-rivers-hoopers-gombe-bulls-defeat-civil-defenders/ |website=The Guardian Nigeria |date=14 November 2017 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Matsayinta a gasar ƙasa == Gombe Bulls na daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da aka sanya a Savannah Conference na gasar Nigeria Premier Basketball League. A tsarin gasar shekarar 2025, an lissafa ƙungiyar tare da Kano Pillars, Plateau Peaks, Bauchi Nets da sauran ƙungiyoyi a wannan rukuni. Haka kuma, rahoton gasar shekarar 2026 ya sake lissafa Gombe Bulls a cikin ƙungiyoyin Savannah Conference.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Basketball Federation Announces 2025 Men's Elite League Format |url=https://radionigerialagos.gov.ng/nigeria-basketball-federation-announces-2025-mens-elite-league-format/ |website=Radio Nigeria Lagos |date=12 August 2025 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Nigeria Men's Premier Basketball League: Abuja, Benin, Ibadan, Jos agog as Atlantic, Savannah Conferences begin |url=https://www.sportsunlimited.ng/post/2026-nigeria-men-s-premier-basketball-league-abuja-benin-ibadan-jos-agog-as-atlantic-savannah-conferences-begin |website=Sports Unlimited |date=17 May 2026 |access-date=16 October 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} t6qs6hnzx59ww7i23e60uxtymm1r5pl 4 179336 968087 2026-10-16T07:58:36Z EUwandu-WMF 30120 Apply 968087 json application/json { "u30120": { "username": "EUwandu-WMF", "state": "Imo", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-10-16", "text": "This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar." } } 9zdchx4s9cyaiqkpvcp4vllkiu73c46 0 179337 968098 2026-10-16T08:40:33Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376408289|Khartoum North]]" 968098 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Khartoum ta Arewa</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الخرطوم بحري</span></span></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[List of cities in Sudan|Birni]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Khartum_north_industrial.jpg|300x300px|Industrial area of Khartoum North]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Yankin masana'antu na Khartoum ta Arewa</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" |<templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/columns/styles.css" /><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell">[[File:Khartoum_North-Bahri_Locality_Flag.png|border|100x100px|Flag of Khartoum North]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Fadar</div></div></div></div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Sunan lakabi:&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Bahri</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="switcher-container"><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Sudan_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Khartoum North is located in Sudan]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:51.342%;left:63.119%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Khartoum North]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Khartoum ta Arewa</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a Sudan da Afirka</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Nuna taswirar Sudan</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Africa_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Khartoum North is located in Africa]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:30.439%;left:69.928%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Khartoum North]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Khartoum ta Arewa</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Khartoum ta Arewa (Afirka) </div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Nuna taswirar Afirka</span></div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Khartoum_North&params=15_39_00_N_32_32_45_E_region:SD_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°39′00′′N</span> <span class="longitude">32°32′45′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.65000°N 32.54583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.65000; 32.54583</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:11}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Khartoum_North&params=15_39_00_N_32_32_45_E_region:SD_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°39′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">32°32′45″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.65000°N 32.54583°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">15.65000; 32.54583</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[File:Flag_of_Sudan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Sudan]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Jiha | class="infobox-data" |Khartoum |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2008)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |1,012,211 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+2 (Lokacin Afirka ta Tsakiya) |} Khartoum North, wanda ake kira Khartoum Bahri ko kuma a taƙaice Bahri, birni ne da ke cikin Jihar Khartoum ta ƙasar Sudan. Yana arewacin birnin Khartoum, wanda shi ne babban birnin ƙasar Sudan.Yawan mutanen birnin ya kai 1,012,211. Wannan ya sa ya zama birni na uku mafi girma a Sudan, bayan biranen Omdurman da Khartoum da ke maƙwabtaka da shi == Yanayin ƙasa == Tana kan iyakar arewacin [[Blue Nile]], da kuma iyakar gabashin Kogin Nilu, kusa da haɗuwar Blue Nile da White. Har zuwa 2023, Shambat Bridge ya haɗa shi da [[Omdurman]] zuwa yamma. Wata babbar gada ta haɗa shi da [[Khartoum]] zuwa kudu. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na birane uku (tare da [[Khartoum]] da [[Omdurman]]) tare da jimillar yawan mutane 4,272,728 a cikin 2008. == Yawan jama'a == [[File:Map_Sudan_Bahri.png|right|thumb|220x220px|Wurin Khartoum ta Arewa]] {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#efefef;" !Shekara ! style="width:100px;" |Yawan jama'a <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bevollkerung Statistik |url=http://bevoelkerungsstatistik.de/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=de&dat=32&geo=-188&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=x.&srt=pnan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930182917/http://bevoelkerungsstatistik.de/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=de&dat=32&geo=-188&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=x.&srt=pnan |archive-date=September 30, 2007}}</ref> |- |1956 | style="text-align:right;" |39,100 |- |1973 | style="text-align:right;" |150,989 |- |1983 | style="text-align:right;" |341,155 |- |1993 | style="text-align:right;" |700,887 |- |Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2008 | style="text-align:right;" |1,012,211 |} == Tarihi == Ginin asali shine mafi girma a yankin da Nilu ya haɗu kafin Masarawa su kafa [[Khartoum]] a matsayin sansanin soja da cibiyar gudanarwa a cikin shekarun 1820.<ref name="EBK">"{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Khartum}}</ref> Khartoum na Masar, wanda ya maye gurbinsa na [[Jihar Mahdist|Mahdi]] [[Omdurman]], da kuma sake kafa Khartoom na Birtaniya bayan sake mamaye kasar a shekara ta 1898. Koyaya, Khartoum ta Arewa ta sake girma a matsayin ƙarshen kudancin hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Sudan, an kammala ta a shekara ta 1899.<ref name="EBK" /> An gina Blue Nile a cikin 1910, kuma layin ya kai Sennar, amma Khartoum North ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin tashar jirgin kasa ta tsakiya da yadi. A ranar 20 ga watan Agusta, 1998, wani makami mai linzami ya lalata Masana'antar magunguna ta Al-Shifa bayan Amurka ta zargi masana'antar da yin VX (wakilin jijiya) ga [[al-Qaeda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US Destruction of Al Shifa Factory 14th Anniversary |url=http://www.sudan.net/completenews.php?nsid=3811&cid=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117024331/http://sudan.net/completenews.php?nsid=3811&cid=1 |archive-date=2013-01-17 |publisher=Sudanese embassy in Washington, DC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Peterson |first=Scott |title=Sudanese factory destroyed by US now a shrine |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2012/0807/Sudanese-factory-destroyed-by-US-now-a-shrine |journal=Christian Science Monitor}}</ref> Sojojin Taimako da Saurin Gudanarwa ne suka kama birnin a cikin 2023 a lokacin budewar yakin basasar Sudan (2023-yanzu) kafin Sojojin Sudan su sake dawo da shi a watan Fabrairun 2025 a matsayin wani ɓangare na hare-haren Bahri na 2024-2025. == Tattalin Arziki == Wani yanki mai arziki ya fito zuwa gabashin unguwa, tare da [[Blue Nile]]. == Makwabta == Khartoum North yana da unguwa da yawa, ciki har da: * [[Alamlaak]] * [[Kober, Bahri|Kober]] * Kafouri * [[Bahri Industrial Area|Yankin Masana'antu na Bahri]] * [[Al Haj Yousif, Khartoum|Al Haj Yousif]] * [[Al Sababi]] * [[Al Dnagla North|Al Dnagla ta Arewa]] * [[Al Dnagla South|Al Dnagla ta Kudu]] * [[Hilat Hamad]] * [[Hilat Khojali]] * [[Hilat Koko]] * [[Alshabia North|Arewacin Alshabia]] * [[Alshabia South|Kudancin Alshabia]] * [[Almazad]] * [[Almugtaribin]] * [[Almerghania]] * [[Alsafia]] * Shambat * [[Khoglab]] * [[Alqadisia]] * [[Al-Durushab]] == Infrastructure == [[File:Al_Halfaya_Bridge.jpg|thumb|Babbar Al Halfaya]] === Bridges === Bridges masu zuwa sun haye [[Blue Nile]] kuma sun haɗa Khartoum North zuwa Khartoom: * [[Kogin Mek Nimr|Babbar Mac Nimir]] * Hanyar Blue Nile da gadar jirgin kasa * Ginin Cooper * Babbar Al Mansheiya * Shambat Bridge ya haye [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] kuma ya haɗa unguwar zuwa [[Omdurman]], an lalata shi a cikin 2023. == Ilimi == * [[Jami'ar Mashreq]] * Jami'ar Bahri * [[Jami'ar Alzaiem Alazhari]] * Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Al-Salama [[File:Alsafia_Cinema.JPG|thumb|Alsafia Cinema, Khartoum ta Arewa]] == Shahararrun mutane == * Noor al-Jailani == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] laq8i34iv7czzifuqsqu6nbv2r5heyp 0 179338 968102 2026-10-16T09:14:31Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Zinat Suleiman Mohammed | nationality = ƴar Najeriya | occupation = Malamar jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]] | field = [[Kimiyyar halittu]] (Biochemistry) }} '''Zinat Suleiman Mohammed''' malamar jami'a ce kuma mai bincike ƴar Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar halittu]] (Biochemistry). Tana da alaƙa da Sashen Biochemistry na [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], da ke Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. A da ana kiran jami'ar da sunan Bauchi State Un... 968102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zinat Suleiman Mohammed | nationality = ƴar Najeriya | occupation = Malamar jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]] | field = [[Kimiyyar halittu]] (Biochemistry) }} '''Zinat Suleiman Mohammed''' malamar jami'a ce kuma mai bincike ƴar Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar halittu]] (Biochemistry). Tana da alaƙa da Sashen Biochemistry na [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], da ke Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. A da ana kiran jami'ar da sunan Bauchi State University, Gadau.<ref name="AminoAcid">{{cite journal |last=Dangambo |first=Maryam Abdulkadir |last2=Alhassan |first2=Adamu Jibrin |last3=Kano |first3=Atiku Muhammad |last4=Abubakar |first4=Hafiz |last5=Muhammad |first5=Zinat Suleiman |title=Amino acid profile and scores of some selected traditional diets commonly consumed in northwest zone, Nigeria |journal=The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research |volume=6 |issue=13 |pages=22–28 |year=2022 |doi=10.51745/najfnr.6.13.22-28 |url=https://www.najfnr.com/home/article/view/192 }}</ref> == Ilimi da bincike == Mohammed ta yi bincike a fannin sinadaran abinci, kimiyyar halittu da darajar abinci mai gina jiki. A cikin bincikenta, ta yi nazari kan sinadaran amino acid da ake samu a wasu abincin gargajiya da ake ci a yankin arewa maso yammacin Najeriya.<ref name="AminoAcid"/> A shekarar 2022, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken mai taken ''Amino Acid Profile and Scores of Some Selected Traditional Diets Commonly Consumed in Northwest Zone, Nigeria''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan sinadaran amino acid da ƙimar furotin a wasu abincin gargajiya da ake amfani da su a jihohin Jigawa, Kano da Katsina. An wallafa sakamakon binciken a mujallar ''The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research''.<ref name="AminoAcid"/> == Wallafe-wallafen bincike == === Abincin gargajiya da sinadaran amino acid === Binciken da Mohammed ta yi tare da Maryam Abdulkadir Dangambo, Adamu Jibrin Alhassan, Atiku Muhammad Kano da Hafiz Abubakar ya yi nazari kan sinadaran amino acid da ƙimar furotin a wasu abincin gargajiya na arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Binciken ya taimaka wajen samar da bayanai kan sinadaran abinci da darajar abincin gargajiya.<ref name="AminoAcid"/> === Sinadaran abinci da ingancin hatsi === A shekarar 2025, Mohammed ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken ''Effects of Mycotoxins on Nutritional Qualities of Some Varieties of Sorghum Consumed in Bauchi State, Nigeria''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan tasirin gubobi da wasu fungi ke samarwa ga ingancin sinadaran abinci na wasu nau'o'in dawa da ake ci a Jihar Bauchi. An wallafa binciken a mujallar ''IPS Interdisciplinary Journal of Biological Sciences''.<ref name="Sorghum">{{cite journal |last=Mukaila |first=Abdulkarim |last2=Muhammad |first2=Muhammad |last3=Sani |first3=Ibrahim Muhammad |last4=Mohammed |first4=Zinat Suleiman |last5=Abdullahi |first5=Abdullahi Umar |title=Effects of Mycotoxins on Nutritional Qualities of Some Varieties of Sorghum Consumed in Bauchi State, Nigeria |journal=IPS Interdisciplinary Journal of Biological Sciences |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=130–137 |year=2025 |doi=10.54117/iijbs.v4i3.47 |url=https://journals.ipsintelligentsia.com/life-science/index.php/iijbs/article/view/47 }}</ref> === Bincike kan abinci da sinadaran halittu === Mohammed ta kuma kasance cikin marubutan binciken ''A Review on the Nutraceutical Potentials of Daucus Carota in the Management of Sickle Cell Anaemia'', wanda ya tattauna yiwuwar amfanin sinadaran da ke cikin karas ga lafiyar jiki. An wallafa binciken a cikin ''Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences'' a shekarar 2024.<ref name="Carrot">{{cite journal |last=Danyaro |first=Abdulkadir Mohammed |last2=Bello |first2=Bello Aminu |last3=Mohammed |first3=Zinat Suleiman |last4=Adam |first4=Adam Abdullahi |last5=Nuru |first5=Khadija Aliyu |title=A Review on the Nutraceutical Potentials of Daucus Carota in the Management of Sickle Cell Anaemia |journal=Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences |volume=10 |issue=4a |pages=295–302 |year=2024 |url=https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i4a.27 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar halittu]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] 2fx842gmfub9hrvpl7kfq8zwh25hgfr 968120 968102 2026-10-16T09:52:17Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Sinadaran abinci da ingancin hatsi */ 968120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zinat Suleiman Mohammed | nationality = ƴar Najeriya | occupation = Malamar jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]] | field = [[Kimiyyar halittu]] (Biochemistry) }} '''Zinat Suleiman Mohammed''' malamar jami'a ce kuma mai bincike ƴar Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar halittu]] (Biochemistry). Tana da alaƙa da Sashen Biochemistry na [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], da ke Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. A da ana kiran jami'ar da sunan Bauchi State University, Gadau.<ref name="AminoAcid">{{cite journal |last=Dangambo |first=Maryam Abdulkadir |last2=Alhassan |first2=Adamu Jibrin |last3=Kano |first3=Atiku Muhammad |last4=Abubakar |first4=Hafiz |last5=Muhammad |first5=Zinat Suleiman |title=Amino acid profile and scores of some selected traditional diets commonly consumed in northwest zone, Nigeria |journal=The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research |volume=6 |issue=13 |pages=22–28 |year=2022 |doi=10.51745/najfnr.6.13.22-28 |url=https://www.najfnr.com/home/article/view/192 }}</ref> == Ilimi da bincike == Mohammed ta yi bincike a fannin sinadaran abinci, kimiyyar halittu da darajar abinci mai gina jiki. A cikin bincikenta, ta yi nazari kan sinadaran amino acid da ake samu a wasu abincin gargajiya da ake ci a yankin arewa maso yammacin Najeriya.<ref name="AminoAcid"/> A shekarar 2022, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken mai taken ''Amino Acid Profile and Scores of Some Selected Traditional Diets Commonly Consumed in Northwest Zone, Nigeria''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan sinadaran amino acid da ƙimar furotin a wasu abincin gargajiya da ake amfani da su a jihohin Jigawa, Kano da Katsina. An wallafa sakamakon binciken a mujallar ''The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research''.<ref name="AminoAcid"/> == Wallafe-wallafen bincike == === Abincin gargajiya da sinadaran amino acid === Binciken da Mohammed ta yi tare da Maryam Abdulkadir Dangambo, Adamu Jibrin Alhassan, Atiku Muhammad Kano da Hafiz Abubakar ya yi nazari kan sinadaran amino acid da ƙimar furotin a wasu abincin gargajiya na arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Binciken ya taimaka wajen samar da bayanai kan sinadaran abinci da darajar abincin gargajiya.<ref name="AminoAcid"/> === Sinadaran abinci da ingancin hatsi === A shekarar 2025, Mohammed ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken ''Effects of Mycotoxins on Nutritional Qualities of Some Varieties of Sorghum Consumed in Bauchi State, Nigeria''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan tasirin gubobi da wasu fungi ke samarwa ga ingancin sinadaran abinci na wasu nau'o'in dawa da ake ci a Jihar Bauchi. An wallafa binciken a mujallar ''IPS Interdisciplinary Journal of Biological Sciences''..<ref name="Sorghum">{{cite journal |last=Mukaila |first=Abdulkarim |last2=Muhammad |first2=Muhammad |last3=Sani |first3=Ibrahim Muhammad |last4=Mohammed |first4=Zinat Suleiman |last5=Abdullahi |first5=Abdullahi Umar |title=Effects of Mycotoxins on Nutritional Qualities of Some Varieties of Sorghum Consumed in Bauchi State, Nigeria |journal=IPS Interdisciplinary Journal of Biological Sciences |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=130–137 |year=2025 |doi=10.54117/iijbs.v4i3.47 |url=https://journals.ipsintelligentsia.com/life-science/index.php/iijbs/article/view/47 }}</ref> === Bincike kan abinci da sinadaran halittu === Mohammed ta kuma kasance cikin marubutan binciken ''A Review on the Nutraceutical Potentials of Daucus Carota in the Management of Sickle Cell Anaemia'', wanda ya tattauna yiwuwar amfanin sinadaran da ke cikin karas ga lafiyar jiki. An wallafa binciken a cikin ''Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences'' a shekarar 2024.<ref name="Carrot">{{cite journal |last=Danyaro |first=Abdulkadir Mohammed |last2=Bello |first2=Bello Aminu |last3=Mohammed |first3=Zinat Suleiman |last4=Adam |first4=Adam Abdullahi |last5=Nuru |first5=Khadija Aliyu |title=A Review on the Nutraceutical Potentials of Daucus Carota in the Management of Sickle Cell Anaemia |journal=Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences |volume=10 |issue=4a |pages=295–302 |year=2024 |url=https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i4a.27 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar halittu]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] hyilzpdgbdr2h9fm78ja6q5gyxqwz3m 0 179339 968104 2026-10-16T09:39:12Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341566332|Ludwig Meyer]]" 968104 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ludwig_Meyer.jpg|thumb| Ludwig Meyer]] '''Ludwig Meyer''' (27 ga Disamba 1827 &#x2013; 8 ga Fabrairu 1900) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Jamus wanda aka haifa a [[Bielefeld]] . A shekara ta 1852 ya sami digirin digirgir na likitanci daga Jami'ar Berlin, daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Asibitin Charité . Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin likita a gidan yarin da ke Schwetz, kuma a shekarar 1856 aka naɗa shi babban likita a asibitin birnin [[Hamburg]] . Daga shekarar 1866 har zuwa rasuwarsa, farfesa ne a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a [[Jami'ar Göttingen]], haka kuma darektan cibiyar kula da tabin hankali da ke da alaƙa da jami'ar. Meyer ya kasance majagaba a fannin manufofin rashin kamewa a cibiyoyin kula da tabin hankali na Jamus, kuma ana tunawa da shi da sabbin ayyukansa da ya yi a fannin kula da asibitocin tabin hankali. Ya buga labarai sama da 100 a cikin mujallun likitanci, gami da ayyuka masu tasiri irin su Das No-restraint und die deutsche Psychiatrie (The "no-restraint" policy and German psychiatry) da Studien zur forensischen Psychiatrie, speziell zur geminderten Zurechnungsfähigkeitred forpsychiatry, musamman ma'anar tunani. iya aiki). Meyer ya yi bincike mai mahimmanci kan yanayin kumburin canje-canjen kwakwalwa a cikin paresis gabaɗaya . Haka kuma, an yaba masa da gabatar da ra'ayin zamani na annabci . A cikin 1867, tare da [[Wilhelm Griesinger]] (1817-1868), ya kafa ''Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten'' . == Manazarta == * [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=538&letter=M Tarihin Rayuwa] a cikin Kundin Tarihi na Yahudawa * [http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/pdf_extract/46/193/406 Mujallar Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Burtaniya] (tarihin rayuwa) 54udwlrwf2ri96y5384l5ogbn7h0pi0 968105 968104 2026-10-16T09:39:46Z Sardeeq 39275 968105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ludwig_Meyer.jpg|thumb| Ludwig Meyer]] '''Ludwig Meyer''' (27 ga Disamba 1827 &#x2013; 8 ga Fabrairu 1900) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Jamus wanda aka haifa a [[Bielefeld]] . A shekara ta 1852 ya sami digirin digirgir na likitanci daga Jami'ar Berlin, daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Asibitin Charité . Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin likita a gidan yarin da ke Schwetz, kuma a shekarar 1856 aka naɗa shi babban likita a asibitin birnin [[Hamburg]] . Daga shekarar 1866 har zuwa rasuwarsa, farfesa ne a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a [[Jami'ar Göttingen]], haka kuma darektan cibiyar kula da tabin hankali da ke da alaƙa da jami'ar. Meyer ya kasance majagaba a fannin manufofin rashin kamewa a cibiyoyin kula da tabin hankali na Jamus, kuma ana tunawa da shi da sabbin ayyukansa da ya yi a fannin kula da asibitocin tabin hankali. Ya buga labarai sama da 100 a cikin mujallun likitanci, gami da ayyuka masu tasiri irin su Das No-restraint und die deutsche Psychiatrie (The "no-restraint" policy and German psychiatry) da Studien zur forensischen Psychiatrie, speziell zur geminderten Zurechnungsfähigkeitred forpsychiatry, musamman ma'anar tunani. iya aiki). Meyer ya yi bincike mai mahimmanci kan yanayin kumburin canje-canjen kwakwalwa a cikin paresis gabaɗaya . Haka kuma, an yaba masa da gabatar da ra'ayin zamani na annabci . A cikin 1867, tare da [[Wilhelm Griesinger]] (1817-1868), ya kafa ''Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten'' . == Manazarta == * [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=538&letter=M Tarihin Rayuwa] a cikin Kundin Tarihi na Yahudawa * [http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/pdf_extract/46/193/406 Mujallar Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Burtaniya] (tarihin rayuwa) fcc838shq752f7nf408b1xzgsqxsg9u 968187 968105 2026-10-16T10:22:14Z Kamaf001 48297 968187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ludwig_Meyer.jpg|thumb| Ludwig Meyer]] '''Ludwig Meyer''' (27 ga watan Disamba 1827 &#x2013; 8 ga Fabrairu 1900) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Jamus wanda aka haifa a [[Bielefeld]] . A shekara ta 1852 ya sami digirin digirgir na likitanci daga Jami'ar Berlin, daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Asibitin Charité . Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin likita a gidan yarin da ke Schwetz, kuma a shekarar 1856 aka naɗa shi babban likita a asibitin birnin [[Hamburg]] . Daga shekarar 1866 har zuwa rasuwarsa, farfesa ne a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a [[Jami'ar Göttingen]], haka kuma darektan cibiyar kula da tabin hankali da ke da alaƙa da jami'ar. Meyer ya kasance majagaba a fannin manufofin rashin kamewa a cibiyoyin kula da tabin hankali na Jamus, kuma ana tunawa da shi da sabbin ayyukansa da ya yi a fannin kula da asibitocin tabin hankali. Ya buga labarai sama da 100 a cikin mujallun likitanci, gami da ayyuka masu tasiri irin su Das No-restraint und die deutsche Psychiatrie (The "no-restraint" policy and German psychiatry) da Studien zur forensischen Psychiatrie, speziell zur geminderten Zurechnungsfähigkeitred forpsychiatry, musamman ma'anar tunani. iya aiki). Meyer ya yi bincike mai mahimmanci kan yanayin kumburin canje-canjen kwakwalwa a cikin paresis gabaɗaya . Haka kuma, an yaba masa da gabatar da ra'ayin zamani na annabci . A cikin 1867, tare da [[Wilhelm Griesinger]] (1817-1868), ya kafa ''Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten'' . == Manazarta == * [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=538&letter=M Tarihin Rayuwa] a cikin Kundin Tarihi na Yahudawa * [http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/pdf_extract/46/193/406 Mujallar Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Burtaniya] (tarihin rayuwa) 6ui1sgyyhlx6bvjr9c76wc2d6uib370 968189 968187 2026-10-16T10:22:32Z Kamaf001 48297 968189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ludwig_Meyer.jpg|thumb| Ludwig Meyer]] '''Ludwig Meyer''' (27 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta 1827 &#x2013; 8 ga Fabrairu 1900) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Jamus wanda aka haifa a [[Bielefeld]] . A shekara ta 1852 ya sami digirin digirgir na likitanci daga Jami'ar Berlin, daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Asibitin Charité . Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin likita a gidan yarin da ke Schwetz, kuma a shekarar 1856 aka naɗa shi babban likita a asibitin birnin [[Hamburg]] . Daga shekarar 1866 har zuwa rasuwarsa, farfesa ne a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a [[Jami'ar Göttingen]], haka kuma darektan cibiyar kula da tabin hankali da ke da alaƙa da jami'ar. Meyer ya kasance majagaba a fannin manufofin rashin kamewa a cibiyoyin kula da tabin hankali na Jamus, kuma ana tunawa da shi da sabbin ayyukansa da ya yi a fannin kula da asibitocin tabin hankali. Ya buga labarai sama da 100 a cikin mujallun likitanci, gami da ayyuka masu tasiri irin su Das No-restraint und die deutsche Psychiatrie (The "no-restraint" policy and German psychiatry) da Studien zur forensischen Psychiatrie, speziell zur geminderten Zurechnungsfähigkeitred forpsychiatry, musamman ma'anar tunani. iya aiki). Meyer ya yi bincike mai mahimmanci kan yanayin kumburin canje-canjen kwakwalwa a cikin paresis gabaɗaya . Haka kuma, an yaba masa da gabatar da ra'ayin zamani na annabci . A cikin 1867, tare da [[Wilhelm Griesinger]] (1817-1868), ya kafa ''Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten'' . == Manazarta == * [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=538&letter=M Tarihin Rayuwa] a cikin Kundin Tarihi na Yahudawa * [http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/pdf_extract/46/193/406 Mujallar Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Burtaniya] (tarihin rayuwa) 5zwgra89hzj1yeqara3ilh7z1ogqiey 968191 968189 2026-10-16T10:25:36Z Kamaf001 48297 968191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ludwig_Meyer.jpg|thumb| Ludwig Meyer]] '''Ludwig Meyer''' (27 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta alif 1827 &#x2013; 8 ga Fabrairu 1900) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Jamus wanda aka haifa a [[Bielefeld]] . A shekara ta 1852 ya sami digirin digirgir na likitanci daga Jami'ar Berlin, daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Asibitin Charité . Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin likita a gidan yarin da ke Schwetz, kuma a shekarar 1856 aka naɗa shi babban likita a asibitin birnin [[Hamburg]] . Daga shekarar 1866 har zuwa rasuwarsa, farfesa ne a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a [[Jami'ar Göttingen]], haka kuma darektan cibiyar kula da tabin hankali da ke da alaƙa da jami'ar. Meyer ya kasance majagaba a fannin manufofin rashin kamewa a cibiyoyin kula da tabin hankali na Jamus, kuma ana tunawa da shi da sabbin ayyukansa da ya yi a fannin kula da asibitocin tabin hankali. Ya buga labarai sama da 100 a cikin mujallun likitanci, gami da ayyuka masu tasiri irin su Das No-restraint und die deutsche Psychiatrie (The "no-restraint" policy and German psychiatry) da Studien zur forensischen Psychiatrie, speziell zur geminderten Zurechnungsfähigkeitred forpsychiatry, musamman ma'anar tunani. iya aiki). Meyer ya yi bincike mai mahimmanci kan yanayin kumburin canje-canjen kwakwalwa a cikin paresis gabaɗaya . Haka kuma, an yaba masa da gabatar da ra'ayin zamani na annabci . A cikin 1867, tare da [[Wilhelm Griesinger]] (1817-1868), ya kafa ''Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten'' . == Manazarta == * [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=538&letter=M Tarihin Rayuwa] a cikin Kundin Tarihi na Yahudawa * [http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/pdf_extract/46/193/406 Mujallar Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Burtaniya] (tarihin rayuwa) taq3l11ou79cpkw6hkb77j6wp5jx2zg 968192 968191 2026-10-16T10:26:12Z Kamaf001 48297 968192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ludwig_Meyer.jpg|thumb| Ludwig Meyer]] '''Ludwig Meyer''' (27 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta alif 1827-8 ga Fabrairu 1900) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Jamus wanda aka haifa a [[Bielefeld]] . A shekara ta 1852 ya sami digirin digirgir na likitanci daga Jami'ar Berlin, daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Asibitin Charité . Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin likita a gidan yarin da ke Schwetz, kuma a shekarar 1856 aka naɗa shi babban likita a asibitin birnin [[Hamburg]] . Daga shekarar 1866 har zuwa rasuwarsa, farfesa ne a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a [[Jami'ar Göttingen]], haka kuma darektan cibiyar kula da tabin hankali da ke da alaƙa da jami'ar. Meyer ya kasance majagaba a fannin manufofin rashin kamewa a cibiyoyin kula da tabin hankali na Jamus, kuma ana tunawa da shi da sabbin ayyukansa da ya yi a fannin kula da asibitocin tabin hankali. Ya buga labarai sama da 100 a cikin mujallun likitanci, gami da ayyuka masu tasiri irin su Das No-restraint und die deutsche Psychiatrie (The "no-restraint" policy and German psychiatry) da Studien zur forensischen Psychiatrie, speziell zur geminderten Zurechnungsfähigkeitred forpsychiatry, musamman ma'anar tunani. iya aiki). Meyer ya yi bincike mai mahimmanci kan yanayin kumburin canje-canjen kwakwalwa a cikin paresis gabaɗaya . Haka kuma, an yaba masa da gabatar da ra'ayin zamani na annabci . A cikin 1867, tare da [[Wilhelm Griesinger]] (1817-1868), ya kafa ''Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten'' . == Manazarta == * [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=538&letter=M Tarihin Rayuwa] a cikin Kundin Tarihi na Yahudawa * [http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/pdf_extract/46/193/406 Mujallar Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Burtaniya] (tarihin rayuwa) 9enr7ha7u0vtc0cb5mjw124kzvh28c1 0 179340 968107 2026-10-16T09:40:51Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371074395|Abdallahi ibn Muhammad]]" 968107 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Abdullah ibn-Mohammed al-'''[[Khalifofi|Khalifa]]'''''' ko '''Abdullah al-Taashi''' ko Abdallah al-Kalifa, wanda aka fi sani da "Khalifa" (Arabic; c. عبدالله بن Cid محمد الخليفة; 1846 - 25 Nuwamba 1899) ya kasance mai mulkin Ansar na Sudan wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan mabiyan [[Muhammad Ahmad]] . {{Spaced en dash}}Ahmad ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ne [[Mahdi]], yana gina manyan mabiya. Bayan mutuwar Ahmad, Abdullah ibn-Mohammed ya karɓi ikon motsi, ya ɗauki taken '''Khalifah al-Mahdi''' (yawanci ana fassara shi a matsayin "Khalifa"). Ya yi ƙoƙari ya kirkiro masarauta, wanda ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi da kuma cin nasara da mutuwarsa a hannun Birtaniya da Masarawa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Abdullah a cikin kabilar [[Shuwa Arab|Ta'aisha Baqqara]] {{Circa}} 1846 a Um Dafuq kuma an horar da shi kuma ya sami ilimi a matsayin mai wa'azi da mutum mai tsarki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=عبدالله |first=إشراقة علي |title="بيت الخليفة" متحف يؤرخ للثورة المهدية في السودان فما قصته؟ |url=https://www.independentarabia.com/node/399751/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AE-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%9F |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=independentarabia.com |publisher=Independent Arabia}}</ref> Mahaifinsa, Mahommed et Taki, ya yanke shawarar yin ƙaura zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]] tare da iyalinsa, amma yanayin da ba a daidaita ba na((((((Abdullah was born into the [[:en:Baqqara|Ta'aisha Baqqara]] tribe {{circa}} 1846 in [[:en:Um_Dafuq|Um Dafuq]] and was trained and educated as a preacher and holy man.<ref name="EB2">{{cite encyclopedia|last=|first=|editor-first=|editor-last=|editor-link=|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|title='Abd Allah|edition=15th|year=2010|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|volume=I: A-Ak - Bayes|location=Chicago, Illinois|isbn=978-1-59339-837-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/16 16]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=عبدالله |first1=إشراقة علي |title="بيت الخليفة" متحف يؤرخ للثورة المهدية في السودان فما قصته؟ |url=https://www.independentarabia.com/node/399751/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AE-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%9F |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=independentarabia.com |publisher=Independent Arabia}}</ref> His father, Mahommed et Taki, had determined to emigrate to [[:en:Mecca|Mecca]] with his family, but the unsettled state of the region prevented him, and he died in [[:en:Africa|Africa]] after advising Abdullah, to take refuge on the [[:en:Nile|Nile]], and to proceed to Mecca at a favourable opportunity.<ref name="EB19112">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Khalifa, The|volume=15|page=770}}</ref>)))))))) yankin ya hana shi, kuma ya mutu a [[Afirka]] bayan ya shawarci Abdullah, ya nemi mafaka a [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]], kuma ya ci gaba zuwa Makka a lokacin da ya dace. A kan tafiyarsa, Abdullah ya sadu kuma ya zama mai bin [[Muhammad Ahmad]] "[[Mahdi]]" a kusa da 1880 kuma Mahdi ya kira shi [[Khalifofi|Khalifa]] a 1881, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan mataimakansa. {{Sfn|Lipschutz|Rasmussen|1989}}Ya auri Hafsa Abdelsalam; daga ƙarshe ta haifa masa ɗa. Sauran Khalifas sune Ali wad Hilu da Muhammad Sharif.{{Sfn|Spiers|1998}}An ba Abdullah umurni da babban ɓangare na sojojin Mahdist, kuma a cikin shekaru huɗu masu zuwa ya jagorance su a cikin jerin nasarori a kan Anglo-Masar.{{Sfn|Lipschutz|Rasmussen|1989}} Ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin El Obeid, inda aka hallaka sojojin Anglo-Masar William Hicks (5 ga Nuwamba 1883), kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kwamandoji a kewaye da Khartoum, (Fabrairu 1884 - 26 ga Janairu 1885). {{Sfn|Lewis|1987}}{{Spaced en dash}} == Mai mulkin Sudan == [[File:The_Mahdist_State,_1881-98,_modern_Sudan.png|thumb|Daular Abdallahi ta 1891]] Bayan mutuwar Mahdi ba zato ba tsammani a watan Yunin 1885, Abdullah ya yi nasara a matsayin shugaban Mahdists, yana bayyana kansa "Khalifat al-Mahdi", ko magajin Mahdi.{{Sfn|Lipschutz|Rasmussen|1989}}Ya fuskanci rikice-rikice na cikin gida game da jagorancinsa tare da Ashraf kuma dole ne ya murkushe tawaye da yawa a lokacin 1885-1886, 1888-1889, da 1891 kafin ya fito a matsayin shugaban Mahdiyah ko [[Jihar Mahdist]].{{Sfn|Lewis|1987}} Da farko Mahdiyah tana gudana ne a kan layin soja a matsayin jihar jihadi, tare da kotuna da ke aiwatar da dokar [[Shari'a]] da ka'idojin Mahdi, wanda ke da daidaito. Daga baya Khalifa ya kafa gwamnatin gargajiya.{{Sfn|Fadlalla|2004}}An bar [[Khartoum]] bisa umarninsa, kuma [[Omdurman]], da farko an yi niyya a matsayin sansanin wucin gadi, an sanya shi babban birninta.<ref name="EB1911" /> Ya ji hanya mafi kyau don kiyaye matsalolin cikin gida zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta shine fadada zuwa [[Itofiya|Habasha]] da Masar. Khalifa ya mamaye [[Itofiya|Habasha]] tare da sojojin Ansar 60,000 kuma ya kori [[Gondar]] a 1887, ya lalata kusan kowane coci a cikin birni. Daga baya ya ki yin zaman lafiya.{{Sfn|Fadlalla|2004}}Ya samu nasarar fatattakar Habashawa a Yaƙin Metemma a ranar 9 ga Maris 1889, inda aka kashe Sarkin Habasha Yohannes IV . {{Sfn|Lipschutz|Rasmussen|1989}}Ya kirkiro bita don kula da jiragen ruwa a kan Kogin Nilu da kuma kera makamai.{{Sfn|Fadlalla|2004}}Amma Khailfa ya raina ƙarfin sojojin Anglo-Masar kuma ya sha wahala sosai a Misira. [[File:SLATIN(1896)_p561_THE_KHALIFA_INCITING_HIS_TROOPS_TO_ATTACK_KASSALA.jpg|left|thumb|Hoton Khalifa yana zuga dakarunsa su kai hari Kassala, daga Rudolf Carl von Slatin's Fire and Sword in the Sudan (1896) ]] Masarawa sun kasa magance [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]]; duk da haka a cikin shekarun 1890 jihar ta zama matsala a tattalin arziki, kuma ta sha wahala daga gazawar amfanin gona a maimakon haka. Ashraf, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1891, ya yanke shawarar sake matsawa, amma an sanya su a karo na karshe; an hana su haifar da wasu batutuwa. A cikin shekaru hudu masu zuwa, Khalifa ya karfafa yanayin soja da na kudi na Sudan; duk da haka wannan bai isa ba, yayin da Sudan ta zama barazanar sojojin mulkin mallaka na Italiya, Faransa da [[Hadaddiyar Masarautar Burtaniya Mai Girma da Ireland|Birtaniya]] da suka kewaye ta. A shekara ta 1896, sojojin Anglo-Masar a karkashin Janar Herbert Kitchener sun fara sake mamaye Sudan. <ref name="EB" /> {{Sfn|Lipschutz|Rasmussen|1989}} == Rashin nasara da mutuwa == [[File:ALKHALIFA_ABD_ALLAH_DEATH.jpg|right|thumb|Jikin Khalifa (na uku daga dama) a fagen fama na Umm Diwaykarat]] Bayan asarar [[Dongola]] a watan Satumbar 1896, sannan Berber da Abu Hamad zuwa sojojin Kitchener a 1897, Khalifa Abdullah ya aika da sojojin da aka ci nasara a [[Yaƙin Atbara]] River a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1898, bayan haka ya koma sabon babban birninsa na [[Omdurman]]. A Yaƙin Omdurman a ranar 2 ga Satumba 1898, an hallaka sojojinsa 52,000 . Khalifa sai ya gudu zuwa kudu kuma ya shiga ɓuya tare da wasu mabiya kuma daga ƙarshe ya kama shi kuma ya kashe shi da ginshiƙan Masar na Reginald Wingate a [[Yaƙin Umm Diwaykarat|Umm Diwaikarat]] a Kordofan a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1899. {{Sfn|Fadlalla|2004}} Mai ibada, mai basira, kuma mai iya janar da mai gudanarwa, Khalifa bai iya shawo kan rikice-rikicen kabilanci ba don haɗa [[Sudan]], kuma an tilasta masa ya yi amfani da Masarawa don samar da masu gudanarwa da masu fasaha da ya buƙata don kula da Jihar Mahdist.{{Sfn|Lewis|1987}} == Dubi kuma == * Cin nasarar Anglo-Masar da ta yi a Sudan * Gidan Tarihin Khalifa == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1846]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kxmv6hubypydbbn1rjzru9op1vq5jwv 968109 968107 2026-10-16T09:41:56Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 Sabon shafi 968109 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Abdullah ibn-Mohammed al-'''[[Khalifofi|Khalifa]]'''''' ko '''Abdullah al-Taashi''' ko Abdallah al-Kalifa, wanda aka fi sani da "Khalifa" (Arabic; c. عبدالله بن Cid محمد الخليفة; 1846 - 25 Nuwamba 1899) ya kasance mai mulkin Ansar na Sudan wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan mabiyan [[Muhammad Ahmad]] . {{Spaced en dash}}Ahmad ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ne [[Mahdi]], yana gina manyan mabiya. Bayan mutuwar Ahmad, Abdullah ibn-Mohammed ya karɓi ikon motsi, ya ɗauki taken '''Khalifah al-Mahdi''' (yawanci ana fassara shi a matsayin "Khalifa"). Ya yi ƙoƙari ya kirkiro masarauta, wanda ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi da kuma cin nasara da mutuwarsa a hannun Birtaniya da Masarawa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Abdullah a cikin kabilar [[Shuwa Arab|Ta'aisha Baqqara]] {{Circa}} 1846 a Um Dafuq kuma an horar da shi kuma ya sami ilimi a matsayin mai wa'azi da mutum mai tsarki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=عبدالله |first=إشراقة علي |title="بيت الخليفة" متحف يؤرخ للثورة المهدية في السودان فما قصته؟ |url=https://www.independentarabia.com/node/399751/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AE-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%9F |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=independentarabia.com |publisher=Independent Arabia}}</ref> Mahaifinsa, Mahommed et Taki, ya yanke shawarar yin ƙaura zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]] tare da iyalinsa, amma yanayin da ba a daidaita ba na yankin ya hana shi, kuma ya mutu a [[Afirka]] bayan ya shawarci Abdullah, ya nemi mafaka a [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]], kuma ya ci gaba zuwa Makka a lokacin da ya dace. A kan tafiyarsa, Abdullah ya sadu kuma ya zama mai bin [[Muhammad Ahmad]] "[[Mahdi]]" a kusa da 1880 kuma Mahdi ya kira shi [[Khalifofi|Khalifa]] a 1881, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan mataimakansa. {{Sfn|Lipschutz|Rasmussen|1989}}Ya auri Hafsa Abdelsalam; daga ƙarshe ta haifa masa ɗa. Sauran Khalifas sune Ali wad Hilu da Muhammad Sharif.{{Sfn|Spiers|1998}}An ba Abdullah umurni da babban ɓangare na sojojin Mahdist, kuma a cikin shekaru huɗu masu zuwa ya jagorance su a cikin jerin nasarori a kan Anglo-Masar.{{Sfn|Lipschutz|Rasmussen|1989}} Ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin El Obeid, inda aka hallaka sojojin Anglo-Masar William Hicks (5 ga Nuwamba 1883), kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kwamandoji a kewaye da Khartoum, (Fabrairu 1884 - 26 ga Janairu 1885). {{Sfn|Lewis|1987}}{{Spaced en dash}} == Mai mulkin Sudan == [[File:The_Mahdist_State,_1881-98,_modern_Sudan.png|thumb|Daular Abdallahi ta 1891]] Bayan mutuwar Mahdi ba zato ba tsammani a watan Yunin 1885, Abdullah ya yi nasara a matsayin shugaban Mahdists, yana bayyana kansa "Khalifat al-Mahdi", ko magajin Mahdi.{{Sfn|Lipschutz|Rasmussen|1989}}Ya fuskanci rikice-rikice na cikin gida game da jagorancinsa tare da Ashraf kuma dole ne ya murkushe tawaye da yawa a lokacin 1885-1886, 1888-1889, da 1891 kafin ya fito a matsayin shugaban Mahdiyah ko [[Jihar Mahdist]].{{Sfn|Lewis|1987}} Da farko Mahdiyah tana gudana ne a kan layin soja a matsayin jihar jihadi, tare da kotuna da ke aiwatar da dokar [[Shari'a]] da ka'idojin Mahdi, wanda ke da daidaito. Daga baya Khalifa ya kafa gwamnatin gargajiya.{{Sfn|Fadlalla|2004}}An bar [[Khartoum]] bisa umarninsa, kuma [[Omdurman]], da farko an yi niyya a matsayin sansanin wucin gadi, an sanya shi babban birninta.<ref name="EB1911" /> Ya ji hanya mafi kyau don kiyaye matsalolin cikin gida zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta shine fadada zuwa [[Itofiya|Habasha]] da Masar. Khalifa ya mamaye [[Itofiya|Habasha]] tare da sojojin Ansar 60,000 kuma ya kori [[Gondar]] a 1887, ya lalata kusan kowane coci a cikin birni. Daga baya ya ki yin zaman lafiya.{{Sfn|Fadlalla|2004}}Ya samu nasarar fatattakar Habashawa a Yaƙin Metemma a ranar 9 ga Maris 1889, inda aka kashe Sarkin Habasha Yohannes IV . {{Sfn|Lipschutz|Rasmussen|1989}}Ya kirkiro bita don kula da jiragen ruwa a kan Kogin Nilu da kuma kera makamai.{{Sfn|Fadlalla|2004}}Amma Khailfa ya raina ƙarfin sojojin Anglo-Masar kuma ya sha wahala sosai a Misira. [[File:SLATIN(1896)_p561_THE_KHALIFA_INCITING_HIS_TROOPS_TO_ATTACK_KASSALA.jpg|left|thumb|Hoton Khalifa yana zuga dakarunsa su kai hari Kassala, daga Rudolf Carl von Slatin's Fire and Sword in the Sudan (1896) ]] Masarawa sun kasa magance [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]]; duk da haka a cikin shekarun 1890 jihar ta zama matsala a tattalin arziki, kuma ta sha wahala daga gazawar amfanin gona a maimakon haka. Ashraf, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1891, ya yanke shawarar sake matsawa, amma an sanya su a karo na karshe; an hana su haifar da wasu batutuwa. A cikin shekaru hudu masu zuwa, Khalifa ya karfafa yanayin soja da na kudi na Sudan; duk da haka wannan bai isa ba, yayin da Sudan ta zama barazanar sojojin mulkin mallaka na Italiya, Faransa da [[Hadaddiyar Masarautar Burtaniya Mai Girma da Ireland|Birtaniya]] da suka kewaye ta. A shekara ta 1896, sojojin Anglo-Masar a karkashin Janar Herbert Kitchener sun fara sake mamaye Sudan. <ref name="EB" /> {{Sfn|Lipschutz|Rasmussen|1989}} == Rashin nasara da mutuwa == [[File:ALKHALIFA_ABD_ALLAH_DEATH.jpg|right|thumb|Jikin Khalifa (na uku daga dama) a fagen fama na Umm Diwaykarat]] Bayan asarar [[Dongola]] a watan Satumbar 1896, sannan Berber da Abu Hamad zuwa sojojin Kitchener a 1897, Khalifa Abdullah ya aika da sojojin da aka ci nasara a [[Yaƙin Atbara]] River a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1898, bayan haka ya koma sabon babban birninsa na [[Omdurman]]. A Yaƙin Omdurman a ranar 2 ga Satumba 1898, an hallaka sojojinsa 52,000 . Khalifa sai ya gudu zuwa kudu kuma ya shiga ɓuya tare da wasu mabiya kuma daga ƙarshe ya kama shi kuma ya kashe shi da ginshiƙan Masar na Reginald Wingate a [[Yaƙin Umm Diwaykarat|Umm Diwaikarat]] a Kordofan a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1899. {{Sfn|Fadlalla|2004}} Mai ibada, mai basira, kuma mai iya janar da mai gudanarwa, Khalifa bai iya shawo kan rikice-rikicen kabilanci ba don haɗa [[Sudan]], kuma an tilasta masa ya yi amfani da Masarawa don samar da masu gudanarwa da masu fasaha da ya buƙata don kula da Jihar Mahdist.{{Sfn|Lewis|1987}} == Dubi kuma == * Cin nasarar Anglo-Masar da ta yi a Sudan * Gidan Tarihin Khalifa == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1846]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jv81dyaso95r6l20cqbza7j9xq6aqjx 0 179341 968108 2026-10-16T09:41:04Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 968108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ojomu Beach''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Alpha Beach''', wani rairayin bakin teku ne da ke cikin al'ummar [[Okun Alfa]], a [[Ƙaramar Hukumar Eti-Osa]], [[Jihar Legas]], Najeriya. Yana gefen gabar Tekun Atlantika, kuma a tarihi, wurin ya kasance wajen shakatawa da nishaɗi. Haka kuma, yana daga cikin shimfidar yanayin gabar teku na gabashin Legas.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Randle |first=Bashorun |date=2023-01-02 |title=Cry havoc and “buga” dancing at the united nations (grime, ruin and remnants) Part viii |url=https://businessday.ng/columnist/article/cry-havoc-and-buga-dancing-at-the-united-nations-grime-ruin-and-remnants-part-viii/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-06-16 |newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Rairayin bakin tekun da al'ummar Okun Alfa da ke kewaye da shi sun ja hankalin jama'a saboda illolin zaizayar gabar teku, ambaliyar ruwa, da kuma hauhawar ruwan teku da ke shafar wasu sassan gabar tekun Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=2014-07-23 |title='The ocean can consume us, yet we can't help ourselves' |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/the-ocean-can-consume-us-yet-we-cant-help-ourselves/ |access-date=2026-06-16 |website=EnviroNews - latest environment news, climate change, renewable energy |language=en-US}}</ref> An kuma bayyana Ojomu Beach a matsayin wurin al'adu da yawon buɗe ido a Jihar Legas, kuma yana da alaƙa da ayyukan al'umma da nishaɗin da ake gudanarwa a gabar teku.<ref name=":0" /> == Duba kuma == * [[Eti-Osa]] [[Jihar Legas]] * [[Alpha Beach]] * [[Sauyin yanayi a Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rairayin bakin teku a Legas]] [[Category:Eti-Osa]] [[Category:Wuraren yawon buɗe ido a Jihar Legas]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} {{LagosNG-geo-stub}} ilodbsd39hunmumw3uzf05tdd7tmb4q 0 179342 968110 2026-10-16T09:42:41Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379406333|Adolf Meyer (psychiatrist)]]" 968110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Meyer''' (Satumba 13, 1866 - Maris 17, 1950) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne wanda aka haifa a Switzerland wanda ya shahara a matsayin babban likitan tabin hankali na farko na Asibitin Johns Hopkins (1910-1941). Ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar likitocin tabin hankali ta Amurka a tsakanin 1927–28 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane mafi tasiri a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a rabin farko na ƙarni na ashirin. Mayar da hankali kan tattara cikakkun tarihin shari'o'in marasa lafiya yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun gudummawar da ya bayar. Ya kula da ginawa da haɓaka Asibitin Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka na Henry Phipps a Asibitin Johns Hopkins, wanda aka buɗe a watan Afrilun 1913, yana tabbatar da cewa ya dace da binciken kimiyya, horo, da magani. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Guide |url=https://medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/collection/adolf-meyer-collection/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112183519/https://medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/collection/adolf-meyer-collection/ |archive-date=2021-11-12 |access-date= |website=Chesney Archives--Johns Hopkins Univ.}}</ref> Aikin Meyer a Phipps Clinic wataƙila shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren aikinsa.  Babban gudummawar da Meyer ya bayar a ka'idarsa ita ce ra'ayinsa na '''ergasiology''' (kalmar da ya samo daga Girkanci don "aiki" da "yi") don bayyana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam . Wannan ya haɗa dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi halitta, zamantakewa, da tunani da kuma alamun da suka shafi majiyyaci. Ya ɗauki cututtukan tabin hankali a matsayin sakamakon rashin aiki na ɗabi'a, ba yanayin kwakwalwa ba. Ganin cewa abubuwan zamantakewa da na halitta na rayuwa gaba ɗaya ya kamata su zama muhimman abubuwan da za su taimaka wajen gano cutar da kuma magance ta, Meyer ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin likitocin tabin hankali na farko da suka goyi bayan aikin tiyata a matsayin muhimmiyar alaƙa tsakanin ayyukan mutum da lafiyar kwakwalwarsa, kuma ya haɗa da ayyuka da ayyuka na al'umma don haɓaka ƙwarewar rayuwar mutane ta yau da kullun. <ref name="Christiansen2007">{{Cite journal |last=Christiansen |first=C.H. |year=2007 |title=Adolf Meyer Revisited:Connections between Lifestyle, resilience and illness |journal=Journal of Occupational Science |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=63–76 |doi=10.1080/14427591.2007.9686586 |s2cid=143957625}}</ref> == Rayuwar kai da ilimi == An haifi Adolf Meyer a Niederweningen, [[Switzerland]], a cikin 1866. Shi ɗan wani fasto ne na Zwinglian . Meyer ya sami digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Zurich a shekarar 1892, inda ya yi karatun ilimin jijiyoyi a ƙarƙashin [[Auguste Forel]] . A lokacin da yake jami'a, ya yi karatu a ƙasashen waje a Paris, London da Edinburgh, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin John Hughlings Jackson da [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Scull |first=Andrew |last2=Schulkin |first2=Jay |date=January 2009 |title=Psychobiology, Psychiatry, and Psychoanalysis: The Intersecting Careers of Adolf Meyer, Phyllis Greenacre, and Curt Richter |journal=Medical History |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=5–36 |doi=10.1017/s002572730000329x |pmc=2629172 |pmid=19190747}}</ref> An buga takardar digirin digirgir ɗinsa a shekarar 1892 kuma tana da alaƙa da kwakwalwar dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ba tare da ya sami damar yin alƙawari da jami'a ba, sai ya yi ƙaura zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a shekarar 1892. Meyer ya auri Mary Potter Brooks, daga Newburgh, New York, a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1902. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="death2" /> Suna da 'ya ɗaya, Julia Lathrup Meyer, a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1916. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Biography |url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507153655/http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 3, 2007}}</ref> Meyer ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Maris, 1950, a gidansa da ke lamba 4305 Rugby Road a Baltimore, Maryland, sakamakon bugun zuciya. An binne shi a makabartar Druid Ridge da ke Pikesville, Maryland . == Aikin likita == === Farkon aikina === Bayan ya koma Amurka, Meyer ya fara yin aikin ilimin jijiyoyi kuma ya koyar a Jami'ar Chicago, inda ya fuskanci ra'ayoyin masu ra'ayin Chicago . Bai sami damar samun aiki na cikakken lokaci wanda ake biyansa albashi a Jami'ar Chicago ba, don haka lokacin da yake can bai yi nisa ba, yana aiki daga 1892 zuwa 1895. [1] [2] Daga 1893 zuwa 1895, ya yi aiki a matsayin likitan cututtuka a sabon Asibitin Jihar Kankakee, Illinois, [3] bayan haka ya yi aiki a asibitin jihar da ke Worcester, Massachusetts, daga 1895 zuwa 1902, [4] duk lokacin da yake buga takardu masu yawa a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi, ilimin jijiyoyi, da kuma ilimin tabin hankali. [5] Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ɗalibi a Jami'ar Clark . [1] === Lokaci a New York === A shekara ta 1902, ya zama darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtuka ta tsarin Asibitin Jihar New York (bayan haka aka ba shi suna na yanzu, Cibiyar Nazarin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Jihar New York ), kuma a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, ya tsara yawancin ilimin tabin hankali na Amurka ta hanyar jaddada mahimmancin adana cikakkun bayanai na marasa lafiya da kuma gabatar da tsarin rarrabuwa na [[Emil Kraepelin]] da ra'ayoyin [[Sigmund Freud]] . A lokacin da yake cikin tsarin Asibitin Jihar New York, Meyer yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara shigo da ra'ayoyin Freud game da mahimmancin jima'i da kuma tasirin renon yara tun suna ƙanana a kan halayen manya. Meyer ya ga yawancin ra'ayoyin Freud da hanyoyin warkarwa suna da amfani kuma suna da amfani, amma ya ƙi nazarin psychoanalysis a matsayin cikakken bayani game da cututtukan kwakwalwa don fifita ka'idar ilimin psychobiology na kansa. Bai taɓa yin nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba kuma koyaushe yana riƙe shi a hannun Johns Hopkins saboda dagewar Freud kan dalilin cututtukan kwakwalwa. Kamar yadda ya rubuta a jawabinsa na shugaban ƙasa ga taron shekara-shekara na 84 na Ƙungiyar Masu Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka : "Waɗanda ke tunanin cewa duk ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da magani dole ne su warware kansu zuwa ga ɗimbin da'awa da hasashe na nazarin halayyar ɗan adam kuma cewa suna tsayawa ko faɗuwa da ra'ayin mutum game da nazarin halayyar ɗan adam, suma ba su da tushe." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meyer |first=Adolf |date=1928 |title=Thirty-Five Years of Psychiatry in the United States and Our Present Outlook |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=85 |pages=1–31 |doi=10.1176/ajp.85.1.1}}</ref> Meyer Farfesa ne na ilimin tabin hankali a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] daga 1904 zuwa 1909. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Guide |url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507153655/http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=2015-04-07 |website=www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu}}</ref> === Asibitin Phipps da ke Johns Hopkins === [[File:The_Henry_Phipps_Psychiatric_Clinic.jpg|left|thumb| Asibitin Kula da Masu tabin hankali na Henry Phipps da ke Johns Hopkins]] A shekara ta 1908, an nemi Meyer ya zama darektan wani sabon asibitin tabin hankali a Asibitin Johns Hopkins bayan da Henry Phipps, Jr. ya bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 1.5 don buɗe asibitin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of The Johns Hopkins Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences |url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/about/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022231909/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/about/history.html |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |access-date=2015-04-07}}</ref> Meyer ya amince da tayin, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "mafi mahimmancin farfesa [a fannin ilimin tabin hankali] a fannin masu magana da Turanci." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lamb |first=Susan |date=2012 |title='The Most Important Professorship in the English-speaking Domain': Adolf Meyer and the Beginnings of Clinical Psychiatry in the United States |url= |journal=Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease |volume=200 |issue=12 |pages=1061–66 |doi=10.1097/NMD.0b013e318275d273 |pmid=23197121}}</ref> Ya kula da ginin da haɓaka asibitin kuma ya tabbatar da cewa ginin ya dace da binciken kimiyya, horo da magani. An buɗe Asibitin Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka na Henry Phipps a watan Afrilun 1913. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1950]] gnq7kmqwojr5n4amb2jlbks5pw8o1ml 968111 968110 2026-10-16T09:43:16Z Sardeeq 39275 968111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adolf Meyer''' (Satumba 13, 1866 - Maris 17, 1950) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne wanda aka haifa a Switzerland wanda ya shahara a matsayin babban likitan tabin hankali na farko na Asibitin Johns Hopkins (1910-1941). Ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar likitocin tabin hankali ta Amurka a tsakanin 1927–28 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane mafi tasiri a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a rabin farko na ƙarni na ashirin. Mayar da hankali kan tattara cikakkun tarihin shari'o'in marasa lafiya yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun gudummawar da ya bayar. Ya kula da ginawa da haɓaka Asibitin Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka na Henry Phipps a Asibitin Johns Hopkins, wanda aka buɗe a watan Afrilun 1913, yana tabbatar da cewa ya dace da binciken kimiyya, horo, da magani. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Guide |url=https://medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/collection/adolf-meyer-collection/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112183519/https://medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/collection/adolf-meyer-collection/ |archive-date=2021-11-12 |access-date= |website=Chesney Archives--Johns Hopkins Univ.}}</ref> Aikin Meyer a Phipps Clinic wataƙila shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren aikinsa.  Babban gudummawar da Meyer ya bayar a ka'idarsa ita ce ra'ayinsa na '''ergasiology''' (kalmar da ya samo daga Girkanci don "aiki" da "yi") don bayyana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam . Wannan ya haɗa dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi halitta, zamantakewa, da tunani da kuma alamun da suka shafi majiyyaci. Ya ɗauki cututtukan tabin hankali a matsayin sakamakon rashin aiki na ɗabi'a, ba yanayin kwakwalwa ba. Ganin cewa abubuwan zamantakewa da na halitta na rayuwa gaba ɗaya ya kamata su zama muhimman abubuwan da za su taimaka wajen gano cutar da kuma magance ta, Meyer ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin likitocin tabin hankali na farko da suka goyi bayan aikin tiyata a matsayin muhimmiyar alaƙa tsakanin ayyukan mutum da lafiyar kwakwalwarsa, kuma ya haɗa da ayyuka da ayyuka na al'umma don haɓaka ƙwarewar rayuwar mutane ta yau da kullun. <ref name="Christiansen2007">{{Cite journal |last=Christiansen |first=C.H. |year=2007 |title=Adolf Meyer Revisited:Connections between Lifestyle, resilience and illness |journal=Journal of Occupational Science |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=63–76 |doi=10.1080/14427591.2007.9686586 |s2cid=143957625}}</ref> == Rayuwar kai da ilimi == An haifi Adolf Meyer a Niederweningen, [[Switzerland]], a cikin 1866. Shi ɗan wani fasto ne na Zwinglian . Meyer ya sami digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Zurich a shekarar 1892, inda ya yi karatun ilimin jijiyoyi a ƙarƙashin [[Auguste Forel]] . A lokacin da yake jami'a, ya yi karatu a ƙasashen waje a Paris, London da Edinburgh, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin John Hughlings Jackson da [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Scull |first=Andrew |last2=Schulkin |first2=Jay |date=January 2009 |title=Psychobiology, Psychiatry, and Psychoanalysis: The Intersecting Careers of Adolf Meyer, Phyllis Greenacre, and Curt Richter |journal=Medical History |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=5–36 |doi=10.1017/s002572730000329x |pmc=2629172 |pmid=19190747}}</ref> An buga takardar digirin digirgir ɗinsa a shekarar 1892 kuma tana da alaƙa da kwakwalwar dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ba tare da ya sami damar yin alƙawari da jami'a ba, sai ya yi ƙaura zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a shekarar 1892. Meyer ya auri Mary Potter Brooks, daga Newburgh, New York, a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1902. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="death2" /> Suna da 'ya ɗaya, Julia Lathrup Meyer, a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1916. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Biography |url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507153655/http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 3, 2007}}</ref> Meyer ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Maris, 1950, a gidansa da ke lamba 4305 Rugby Road a Baltimore, Maryland, sakamakon bugun zuciya. An binne shi a makabartar Druid Ridge da ke Pikesville, Maryland . == Aikin likita == === Farkon aikina === Bayan ya koma Amurka, Meyer ya fara yin aikin ilimin jijiyoyi kuma ya koyar a Jami'ar Chicago, inda ya fuskanci ra'ayoyin masu ra'ayin Chicago . Bai sami damar samun aiki na cikakken lokaci wanda ake biyansa albashi a Jami'ar Chicago ba, don haka lokacin da yake can bai yi nisa ba, yana aiki daga 1892 zuwa 1895. [1] [2] Daga 1893 zuwa 1895, ya yi aiki a matsayin likitan cututtuka a sabon Asibitin Jihar Kankakee, Illinois, [3] bayan haka ya yi aiki a asibitin jihar da ke Worcester, Massachusetts, daga 1895 zuwa 1902, [4] duk lokacin da yake buga takardu masu yawa a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi, ilimin jijiyoyi, da kuma ilimin tabin hankali. [5] Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ɗalibi a Jami'ar Clark . [1] === Lokaci a New York === A shekara ta 1902, ya zama darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtuka ta tsarin Asibitin Jihar New York (bayan haka aka ba shi suna na yanzu, Cibiyar Nazarin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Jihar New York ), kuma a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, ya tsara yawancin ilimin tabin hankali na Amurka ta hanyar jaddada mahimmancin adana cikakkun bayanai na marasa lafiya da kuma gabatar da tsarin rarrabuwa na [[Emil Kraepelin]] da ra'ayoyin [[Sigmund Freud]] . A lokacin da yake cikin tsarin Asibitin Jihar New York, Meyer yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara shigo da ra'ayoyin Freud game da mahimmancin jima'i da kuma tasirin renon yara tun suna ƙanana a kan halayen manya. Meyer ya ga yawancin ra'ayoyin Freud da hanyoyin warkarwa suna da amfani kuma suna da amfani, amma ya ƙi nazarin psychoanalysis a matsayin cikakken bayani game da cututtukan kwakwalwa don fifita ka'idar ilimin psychobiology na kansa. Bai taɓa yin nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba kuma koyaushe yana riƙe shi a hannun Johns Hopkins saboda dagewar Freud kan dalilin cututtukan kwakwalwa. Kamar yadda ya rubuta a jawabinsa na shugaban ƙasa ga taron shekara-shekara na 84 na Ƙungiyar Masu Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka : "Waɗanda ke tunanin cewa duk ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da magani dole ne su warware kansu zuwa ga ɗimbin da'awa da hasashe na nazarin halayyar ɗan adam kuma cewa suna tsayawa ko faɗuwa da ra'ayin mutum game da nazarin halayyar ɗan adam, suma ba su da tushe." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meyer |first=Adolf |date=1928 |title=Thirty-Five Years of Psychiatry in the United States and Our Present Outlook |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=85 |pages=1–31 |doi=10.1176/ajp.85.1.1}}</ref> Meyer Farfesa ne na ilimin tabin hankali a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] daga 1904 zuwa 1909. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Guide |url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507153655/http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=2015-04-07 |website=www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu}}</ref> === Asibitin Phipps da ke Johns Hopkins === [[File:The_Henry_Phipps_Psychiatric_Clinic.jpg|left|thumb| Asibitin Kula da Masu tabin hankali na Henry Phipps da ke Johns Hopkins]] A shekara ta 1908, an nemi Meyer ya zama darektan wani sabon asibitin tabin hankali a Asibitin Johns Hopkins bayan da Henry Phipps, Jr. ya bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 1.5 don buɗe asibitin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of The Johns Hopkins Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences |url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/about/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022231909/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/about/history.html |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |access-date=2015-04-07}}</ref> Meyer ya amince da tayin, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "mafi mahimmancin farfesa [a fannin ilimin tabin hankali] a fannin masu magana da Turanci." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lamb |first=Susan |date=2012 |title='The Most Important Professorship in the English-speaking Domain': Adolf Meyer and the Beginnings of Clinical Psychiatry in the United States |url= |journal=Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease |volume=200 |issue=12 |pages=1061–66 |doi=10.1097/NMD.0b013e318275d273 |pmid=23197121}}</ref> Ya kula da ginin da haɓaka asibitin kuma ya tabbatar da cewa ginin ya dace da binciken kimiyya, horo da magani. An buɗe Asibitin Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka na Henry Phipps a watan Afrilun 1913. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1950]] p8rhie52xzimislpr1s0d1937hff4d5 968124 968111 2026-10-16T09:54:11Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Rayuwar kai da ilimi */ 968124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adolf Meyer''' (Satumba 13, 1866 - Maris 17, 1950) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne wanda aka haifa a Switzerland wanda ya shahara a matsayin babban likitan tabin hankali na farko na Asibitin Johns Hopkins (1910-1941). Ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar likitocin tabin hankali ta Amurka a tsakanin 1927–28 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane mafi tasiri a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a rabin farko na ƙarni na ashirin. Mayar da hankali kan tattara cikakkun tarihin shari'o'in marasa lafiya yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun gudummawar da ya bayar. Ya kula da ginawa da haɓaka Asibitin Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka na Henry Phipps a Asibitin Johns Hopkins, wanda aka buɗe a watan Afrilun 1913, yana tabbatar da cewa ya dace da binciken kimiyya, horo, da magani. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Guide |url=https://medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/collection/adolf-meyer-collection/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112183519/https://medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/collection/adolf-meyer-collection/ |archive-date=2021-11-12 |access-date= |website=Chesney Archives--Johns Hopkins Univ.}}</ref> Aikin Meyer a Phipps Clinic wataƙila shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren aikinsa.  Babban gudummawar da Meyer ya bayar a ka'idarsa ita ce ra'ayinsa na '''ergasiology''' (kalmar da ya samo daga Girkanci don "aiki" da "yi") don bayyana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam . Wannan ya haɗa dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi halitta, zamantakewa, da tunani da kuma alamun da suka shafi majiyyaci. Ya ɗauki cututtukan tabin hankali a matsayin sakamakon rashin aiki na ɗabi'a, ba yanayin kwakwalwa ba. Ganin cewa abubuwan zamantakewa da na halitta na rayuwa gaba ɗaya ya kamata su zama muhimman abubuwan da za su taimaka wajen gano cutar da kuma magance ta, Meyer ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin likitocin tabin hankali na farko da suka goyi bayan aikin tiyata a matsayin muhimmiyar alaƙa tsakanin ayyukan mutum da lafiyar kwakwalwarsa, kuma ya haɗa da ayyuka da ayyuka na al'umma don haɓaka ƙwarewar rayuwar mutane ta yau da kullun. <ref name="Christiansen2007">{{Cite journal |last=Christiansen |first=C.H. |year=2007 |title=Adolf Meyer Revisited:Connections between Lifestyle, resilience and illness |journal=Journal of Occupational Science |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=63–76 |doi=10.1080/14427591.2007.9686586 |s2cid=143957625}}</ref> == Rayuwar kai da ilimi == An haifi Adolf Meyer a Niederweningen, [[Switzerland]], a cikin shekarar 1866. Shi ɗan wani fasto ne na Zwinglian . Meyer ya sami digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Zurich a shekarar 1892, inda ya yi karatun ilimin jijiyoyi a ƙarƙashin [[Auguste Forel]] . A lokacin da yake jami'a, ya yi karatu a ƙasashen waje a Paris, London da Edinburgh, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin John Hughlings Jackson da [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Scull |first=Andrew |last2=Schulkin |first2=Jay |date=January 2009 |title=Psychobiology, Psychiatry, and Psychoanalysis: The Intersecting Careers of Adolf Meyer, Phyllis Greenacre, and Curt Richter |journal=Medical History |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=5–36 |doi=10.1017/s002572730000329x |pmc=2629172 |pmid=19190747}}</ref> An buga takardar digirin digirgir ɗinsa a shekarar 1892 kuma tana da alaƙa da kwakwalwar dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ba tare da ya sami damar yin alƙawari da jami'a ba, sai ya yi ƙaura zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a shekarar 1892. Meyer ya auri Mary Potter Brooks, daga Newburgh, New York, a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1902. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="death2" /> Suna da 'ya ɗaya, Julia Lathrup Meyer, a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1916. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Biography |url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507153655/http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 3, 2007}}</ref> Meyer ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Maris, 1950, a gidansa da ke lamba 4305 Rugby Road a Baltimore, Maryland, sakamakon bugun zuciya. An binne shi a makabartar Druid Ridge da ke Pikesville, Maryland . == Aikin likita == === Farkon aikina === Bayan ya koma Amurka, Meyer ya fara yin aikin ilimin jijiyoyi kuma ya koyar a Jami'ar Chicago, inda ya fuskanci ra'ayoyin masu ra'ayin Chicago . Bai sami damar samun aiki na cikakken lokaci wanda ake biyansa albashi a Jami'ar Chicago ba, don haka lokacin da yake can bai yi nisa ba, yana aiki daga 1892 zuwa 1895. [1] [2] Daga 1893 zuwa 1895, ya yi aiki a matsayin likitan cututtuka a sabon Asibitin Jihar Kankakee, Illinois, [3] bayan haka ya yi aiki a asibitin jihar da ke Worcester, Massachusetts, daga 1895 zuwa 1902, [4] duk lokacin da yake buga takardu masu yawa a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi, ilimin jijiyoyi, da kuma ilimin tabin hankali. [5] Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ɗalibi a Jami'ar Clark . [1] === Lokaci a New York === A shekara ta 1902, ya zama darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtuka ta tsarin Asibitin Jihar New York (bayan haka aka ba shi suna na yanzu, Cibiyar Nazarin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Jihar New York ), kuma a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, ya tsara yawancin ilimin tabin hankali na Amurka ta hanyar jaddada mahimmancin adana cikakkun bayanai na marasa lafiya da kuma gabatar da tsarin rarrabuwa na [[Emil Kraepelin]] da ra'ayoyin [[Sigmund Freud]] . A lokacin da yake cikin tsarin Asibitin Jihar New York, Meyer yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara shigo da ra'ayoyin Freud game da mahimmancin jima'i da kuma tasirin renon yara tun suna ƙanana a kan halayen manya. Meyer ya ga yawancin ra'ayoyin Freud da hanyoyin warkarwa suna da amfani kuma suna da amfani, amma ya ƙi nazarin psychoanalysis a matsayin cikakken bayani game da cututtukan kwakwalwa don fifita ka'idar ilimin psychobiology na kansa. Bai taɓa yin nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba kuma koyaushe yana riƙe shi a hannun Johns Hopkins saboda dagewar Freud kan dalilin cututtukan kwakwalwa. Kamar yadda ya rubuta a jawabinsa na shugaban ƙasa ga taron shekara-shekara na 84 na Ƙungiyar Masu Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka : "Waɗanda ke tunanin cewa duk ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da magani dole ne su warware kansu zuwa ga ɗimbin da'awa da hasashe na nazarin halayyar ɗan adam kuma cewa suna tsayawa ko faɗuwa da ra'ayin mutum game da nazarin halayyar ɗan adam, suma ba su da tushe." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meyer |first=Adolf |date=1928 |title=Thirty-Five Years of Psychiatry in the United States and Our Present Outlook |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=85 |pages=1–31 |doi=10.1176/ajp.85.1.1}}</ref> Meyer Farfesa ne na ilimin tabin hankali a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] daga 1904 zuwa 1909. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Guide |url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507153655/http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=2015-04-07 |website=www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu}}</ref> === Asibitin Phipps da ke Johns Hopkins === [[File:The_Henry_Phipps_Psychiatric_Clinic.jpg|left|thumb| Asibitin Kula da Masu tabin hankali na Henry Phipps da ke Johns Hopkins]] A shekara ta 1908, an nemi Meyer ya zama darektan wani sabon asibitin tabin hankali a Asibitin Johns Hopkins bayan da Henry Phipps, Jr. ya bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 1.5 don buɗe asibitin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of The Johns Hopkins Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences |url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/about/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022231909/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/about/history.html |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |access-date=2015-04-07}}</ref> Meyer ya amince da tayin, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "mafi mahimmancin farfesa [a fannin ilimin tabin hankali] a fannin masu magana da Turanci." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lamb |first=Susan |date=2012 |title='The Most Important Professorship in the English-speaking Domain': Adolf Meyer and the Beginnings of Clinical Psychiatry in the United States |url= |journal=Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease |volume=200 |issue=12 |pages=1061–66 |doi=10.1097/NMD.0b013e318275d273 |pmid=23197121}}</ref> Ya kula da ginin da haɓaka asibitin kuma ya tabbatar da cewa ginin ya dace da binciken kimiyya, horo da magani. An buɗe Asibitin Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka na Henry Phipps a watan Afrilun 1913. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1950]] jx6iyh59acut5bq8gbsshrcnh2h2hd9 968126 968124 2026-10-16T09:54:39Z Kamaf001 48297 968126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adolf Meyer''' (13 ga watan Satumba 1866 - Maris 17, 1950) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne wanda aka haifa a Switzerland wanda ya shahara a matsayin babban likitan tabin hankali na farko na Asibitin Johns Hopkins (1910-1941). Ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar likitocin tabin hankali ta Amurka a tsakanin 1927–28 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane mafi tasiri a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a rabin farko na ƙarni na ashirin. Mayar da hankali kan tattara cikakkun tarihin shari'o'in marasa lafiya yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun gudummawar da ya bayar. Ya kula da ginawa da haɓaka Asibitin Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka na Henry Phipps a Asibitin Johns Hopkins, wanda aka buɗe a watan Afrilun 1913, yana tabbatar da cewa ya dace da binciken kimiyya, horo, da magani. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Guide |url=https://medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/collection/adolf-meyer-collection/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112183519/https://medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/collection/adolf-meyer-collection/ |archive-date=2021-11-12 |access-date= |website=Chesney Archives--Johns Hopkins Univ.}}</ref> Aikin Meyer a Phipps Clinic wataƙila shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren aikinsa.  Babban gudummawar da Meyer ya bayar a ka'idarsa ita ce ra'ayinsa na '''ergasiology''' (kalmar da ya samo daga Girkanci don "aiki" da "yi") don bayyana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam . Wannan ya haɗa dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi halitta, zamantakewa, da tunani da kuma alamun da suka shafi majiyyaci. Ya ɗauki cututtukan tabin hankali a matsayin sakamakon rashin aiki na ɗabi'a, ba yanayin kwakwalwa ba. Ganin cewa abubuwan zamantakewa da na halitta na rayuwa gaba ɗaya ya kamata su zama muhimman abubuwan da za su taimaka wajen gano cutar da kuma magance ta, Meyer ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin likitocin tabin hankali na farko da suka goyi bayan aikin tiyata a matsayin muhimmiyar alaƙa tsakanin ayyukan mutum da lafiyar kwakwalwarsa, kuma ya haɗa da ayyuka da ayyuka na al'umma don haɓaka ƙwarewar rayuwar mutane ta yau da kullun. <ref name="Christiansen2007">{{Cite journal |last=Christiansen |first=C.H. |year=2007 |title=Adolf Meyer Revisited:Connections between Lifestyle, resilience and illness |journal=Journal of Occupational Science |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=63–76 |doi=10.1080/14427591.2007.9686586 |s2cid=143957625}}</ref> == Rayuwar kai da ilimi == An haifi Adolf Meyer a Niederweningen, [[Switzerland]], a cikin shekarar 1866. Shi ɗan wani fasto ne na Zwinglian . Meyer ya sami digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Zurich a shekarar 1892, inda ya yi karatun ilimin jijiyoyi a ƙarƙashin [[Auguste Forel]] . A lokacin da yake jami'a, ya yi karatu a ƙasashen waje a Paris, London da Edinburgh, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin John Hughlings Jackson da [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Scull |first=Andrew |last2=Schulkin |first2=Jay |date=January 2009 |title=Psychobiology, Psychiatry, and Psychoanalysis: The Intersecting Careers of Adolf Meyer, Phyllis Greenacre, and Curt Richter |journal=Medical History |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=5–36 |doi=10.1017/s002572730000329x |pmc=2629172 |pmid=19190747}}</ref> An buga takardar digirin digirgir ɗinsa a shekarar 1892 kuma tana da alaƙa da kwakwalwar dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ba tare da ya sami damar yin alƙawari da jami'a ba, sai ya yi ƙaura zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a shekarar 1892. Meyer ya auri Mary Potter Brooks, daga Newburgh, New York, a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1902. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="death2" /> Suna da 'ya ɗaya, Julia Lathrup Meyer, a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1916. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Biography |url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507153655/http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 3, 2007}}</ref> Meyer ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Maris, 1950, a gidansa da ke lamba 4305 Rugby Road a Baltimore, Maryland, sakamakon bugun zuciya. An binne shi a makabartar Druid Ridge da ke Pikesville, Maryland . == Aikin likita == === Farkon aikina === Bayan ya koma Amurka, Meyer ya fara yin aikin ilimin jijiyoyi kuma ya koyar a Jami'ar Chicago, inda ya fuskanci ra'ayoyin masu ra'ayin Chicago . Bai sami damar samun aiki na cikakken lokaci wanda ake biyansa albashi a Jami'ar Chicago ba, don haka lokacin da yake can bai yi nisa ba, yana aiki daga 1892 zuwa 1895. [1] [2] Daga 1893 zuwa 1895, ya yi aiki a matsayin likitan cututtuka a sabon Asibitin Jihar Kankakee, Illinois, [3] bayan haka ya yi aiki a asibitin jihar da ke Worcester, Massachusetts, daga 1895 zuwa 1902, [4] duk lokacin da yake buga takardu masu yawa a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi, ilimin jijiyoyi, da kuma ilimin tabin hankali. [5] Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ɗalibi a Jami'ar Clark . [1] === Lokaci a New York === A shekara ta 1902, ya zama darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtuka ta tsarin Asibitin Jihar New York (bayan haka aka ba shi suna na yanzu, Cibiyar Nazarin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Jihar New York ), kuma a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, ya tsara yawancin ilimin tabin hankali na Amurka ta hanyar jaddada mahimmancin adana cikakkun bayanai na marasa lafiya da kuma gabatar da tsarin rarrabuwa na [[Emil Kraepelin]] da ra'ayoyin [[Sigmund Freud]] . A lokacin da yake cikin tsarin Asibitin Jihar New York, Meyer yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara shigo da ra'ayoyin Freud game da mahimmancin jima'i da kuma tasirin renon yara tun suna ƙanana a kan halayen manya. Meyer ya ga yawancin ra'ayoyin Freud da hanyoyin warkarwa suna da amfani kuma suna da amfani, amma ya ƙi nazarin psychoanalysis a matsayin cikakken bayani game da cututtukan kwakwalwa don fifita ka'idar ilimin psychobiology na kansa. Bai taɓa yin nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba kuma koyaushe yana riƙe shi a hannun Johns Hopkins saboda dagewar Freud kan dalilin cututtukan kwakwalwa. Kamar yadda ya rubuta a jawabinsa na shugaban ƙasa ga taron shekara-shekara na 84 na Ƙungiyar Masu Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka : "Waɗanda ke tunanin cewa duk ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da magani dole ne su warware kansu zuwa ga ɗimbin da'awa da hasashe na nazarin halayyar ɗan adam kuma cewa suna tsayawa ko faɗuwa da ra'ayin mutum game da nazarin halayyar ɗan adam, suma ba su da tushe." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meyer |first=Adolf |date=1928 |title=Thirty-Five Years of Psychiatry in the United States and Our Present Outlook |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=85 |pages=1–31 |doi=10.1176/ajp.85.1.1}}</ref> Meyer Farfesa ne na ilimin tabin hankali a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] daga 1904 zuwa 1909. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Guide |url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507153655/http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=2015-04-07 |website=www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu}}</ref> === Asibitin Phipps da ke Johns Hopkins === [[File:The_Henry_Phipps_Psychiatric_Clinic.jpg|left|thumb| Asibitin Kula da Masu tabin hankali na Henry Phipps da ke Johns Hopkins]] A shekara ta 1908, an nemi Meyer ya zama darektan wani sabon asibitin tabin hankali a Asibitin Johns Hopkins bayan da Henry Phipps, Jr. ya bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 1.5 don buɗe asibitin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of The Johns Hopkins Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences |url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/about/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022231909/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/about/history.html |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |access-date=2015-04-07}}</ref> Meyer ya amince da tayin, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "mafi mahimmancin farfesa [a fannin ilimin tabin hankali] a fannin masu magana da Turanci." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lamb |first=Susan |date=2012 |title='The Most Important Professorship in the English-speaking Domain': Adolf Meyer and the Beginnings of Clinical Psychiatry in the United States |url= |journal=Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease |volume=200 |issue=12 |pages=1061–66 |doi=10.1097/NMD.0b013e318275d273 |pmid=23197121}}</ref> Ya kula da ginin da haɓaka asibitin kuma ya tabbatar da cewa ginin ya dace da binciken kimiyya, horo da magani. An buɗe Asibitin Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka na Henry Phipps a watan Afrilun 1913. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1950]] 797nku45mpz7n2wpprjjd2kow1ba95h 968127 968126 2026-10-16T09:55:02Z Kamaf001 48297 968127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adolf Meyer''' (13 ga watan Satumba a shekara ta alif 1866 - Maris 17, 1950) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne wanda aka haifa a Switzerland wanda ya shahara a matsayin babban likitan tabin hankali na farko na Asibitin Johns Hopkins (1910-1941). Ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar likitocin tabin hankali ta Amurka a tsakanin 1927–28 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane mafi tasiri a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a rabin farko na ƙarni na ashirin. Mayar da hankali kan tattara cikakkun tarihin shari'o'in marasa lafiya yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun gudummawar da ya bayar. Ya kula da ginawa da haɓaka Asibitin Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka na Henry Phipps a Asibitin Johns Hopkins, wanda aka buɗe a watan Afrilun 1913, yana tabbatar da cewa ya dace da binciken kimiyya, horo, da magani. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Guide |url=https://medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/collection/adolf-meyer-collection/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112183519/https://medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/collection/adolf-meyer-collection/ |archive-date=2021-11-12 |access-date= |website=Chesney Archives--Johns Hopkins Univ.}}</ref> Aikin Meyer a Phipps Clinic wataƙila shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren aikinsa.  Babban gudummawar da Meyer ya bayar a ka'idarsa ita ce ra'ayinsa na '''ergasiology''' (kalmar da ya samo daga Girkanci don "aiki" da "yi") don bayyana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam . Wannan ya haɗa dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi halitta, zamantakewa, da tunani da kuma alamun da suka shafi majiyyaci. Ya ɗauki cututtukan tabin hankali a matsayin sakamakon rashin aiki na ɗabi'a, ba yanayin kwakwalwa ba. Ganin cewa abubuwan zamantakewa da na halitta na rayuwa gaba ɗaya ya kamata su zama muhimman abubuwan da za su taimaka wajen gano cutar da kuma magance ta, Meyer ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin likitocin tabin hankali na farko da suka goyi bayan aikin tiyata a matsayin muhimmiyar alaƙa tsakanin ayyukan mutum da lafiyar kwakwalwarsa, kuma ya haɗa da ayyuka da ayyuka na al'umma don haɓaka ƙwarewar rayuwar mutane ta yau da kullun. <ref name="Christiansen2007">{{Cite journal |last=Christiansen |first=C.H. |year=2007 |title=Adolf Meyer Revisited:Connections between Lifestyle, resilience and illness |journal=Journal of Occupational Science |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=63–76 |doi=10.1080/14427591.2007.9686586 |s2cid=143957625}}</ref> == Rayuwar kai da ilimi == An haifi Adolf Meyer a Niederweningen, [[Switzerland]], a cikin shekarar 1866. Shi ɗan wani fasto ne na Zwinglian . Meyer ya sami digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Zurich a shekarar 1892, inda ya yi karatun ilimin jijiyoyi a ƙarƙashin [[Auguste Forel]] . A lokacin da yake jami'a, ya yi karatu a ƙasashen waje a Paris, London da Edinburgh, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin John Hughlings Jackson da [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Scull |first=Andrew |last2=Schulkin |first2=Jay |date=January 2009 |title=Psychobiology, Psychiatry, and Psychoanalysis: The Intersecting Careers of Adolf Meyer, Phyllis Greenacre, and Curt Richter |journal=Medical History |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=5–36 |doi=10.1017/s002572730000329x |pmc=2629172 |pmid=19190747}}</ref> An buga takardar digirin digirgir ɗinsa a shekarar 1892 kuma tana da alaƙa da kwakwalwar dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ba tare da ya sami damar yin alƙawari da jami'a ba, sai ya yi ƙaura zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a shekarar 1892. Meyer ya auri Mary Potter Brooks, daga Newburgh, New York, a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1902. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="death2" /> Suna da 'ya ɗaya, Julia Lathrup Meyer, a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1916. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Biography |url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507153655/http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 3, 2007}}</ref> Meyer ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Maris, 1950, a gidansa da ke lamba 4305 Rugby Road a Baltimore, Maryland, sakamakon bugun zuciya. An binne shi a makabartar Druid Ridge da ke Pikesville, Maryland . == Aikin likita == === Farkon aikina === Bayan ya koma Amurka, Meyer ya fara yin aikin ilimin jijiyoyi kuma ya koyar a Jami'ar Chicago, inda ya fuskanci ra'ayoyin masu ra'ayin Chicago . Bai sami damar samun aiki na cikakken lokaci wanda ake biyansa albashi a Jami'ar Chicago ba, don haka lokacin da yake can bai yi nisa ba, yana aiki daga 1892 zuwa 1895. [1] [2] Daga 1893 zuwa 1895, ya yi aiki a matsayin likitan cututtuka a sabon Asibitin Jihar Kankakee, Illinois, [3] bayan haka ya yi aiki a asibitin jihar da ke Worcester, Massachusetts, daga 1895 zuwa 1902, [4] duk lokacin da yake buga takardu masu yawa a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi, ilimin jijiyoyi, da kuma ilimin tabin hankali. [5] Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ɗalibi a Jami'ar Clark . [1] === Lokaci a New York === A shekara ta 1902, ya zama darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtuka ta tsarin Asibitin Jihar New York (bayan haka aka ba shi suna na yanzu, Cibiyar Nazarin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Jihar New York ), kuma a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, ya tsara yawancin ilimin tabin hankali na Amurka ta hanyar jaddada mahimmancin adana cikakkun bayanai na marasa lafiya da kuma gabatar da tsarin rarrabuwa na [[Emil Kraepelin]] da ra'ayoyin [[Sigmund Freud]] . A lokacin da yake cikin tsarin Asibitin Jihar New York, Meyer yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara shigo da ra'ayoyin Freud game da mahimmancin jima'i da kuma tasirin renon yara tun suna ƙanana a kan halayen manya. Meyer ya ga yawancin ra'ayoyin Freud da hanyoyin warkarwa suna da amfani kuma suna da amfani, amma ya ƙi nazarin psychoanalysis a matsayin cikakken bayani game da cututtukan kwakwalwa don fifita ka'idar ilimin psychobiology na kansa. Bai taɓa yin nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba kuma koyaushe yana riƙe shi a hannun Johns Hopkins saboda dagewar Freud kan dalilin cututtukan kwakwalwa. Kamar yadda ya rubuta a jawabinsa na shugaban ƙasa ga taron shekara-shekara na 84 na Ƙungiyar Masu Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka : "Waɗanda ke tunanin cewa duk ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da magani dole ne su warware kansu zuwa ga ɗimbin da'awa da hasashe na nazarin halayyar ɗan adam kuma cewa suna tsayawa ko faɗuwa da ra'ayin mutum game da nazarin halayyar ɗan adam, suma ba su da tushe." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meyer |first=Adolf |date=1928 |title=Thirty-Five Years of Psychiatry in the United States and Our Present Outlook |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=85 |pages=1–31 |doi=10.1176/ajp.85.1.1}}</ref> Meyer Farfesa ne na ilimin tabin hankali a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] daga 1904 zuwa 1909. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Guide |url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507153655/http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=2015-04-07 |website=www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu}}</ref> === Asibitin Phipps da ke Johns Hopkins === [[File:The_Henry_Phipps_Psychiatric_Clinic.jpg|left|thumb| Asibitin Kula da Masu tabin hankali na Henry Phipps da ke Johns Hopkins]] A shekara ta 1908, an nemi Meyer ya zama darektan wani sabon asibitin tabin hankali a Asibitin Johns Hopkins bayan da Henry Phipps, Jr. ya bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 1.5 don buɗe asibitin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of The Johns Hopkins Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences |url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/about/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022231909/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/about/history.html |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |access-date=2015-04-07}}</ref> Meyer ya amince da tayin, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "mafi mahimmancin farfesa [a fannin ilimin tabin hankali] a fannin masu magana da Turanci." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lamb |first=Susan |date=2012 |title='The Most Important Professorship in the English-speaking Domain': Adolf Meyer and the Beginnings of Clinical Psychiatry in the United States |url= |journal=Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease |volume=200 |issue=12 |pages=1061–66 |doi=10.1097/NMD.0b013e318275d273 |pmid=23197121}}</ref> Ya kula da ginin da haɓaka asibitin kuma ya tabbatar da cewa ginin ya dace da binciken kimiyya, horo da magani. An buɗe Asibitin Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka na Henry Phipps a watan Afrilun 1913. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1950]] 8xjtfoe8g1iorl073vlagu64unz6g59 968129 968127 2026-10-16T09:55:29Z Kamaf001 48297 968129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adolf Meyer''' (13 ga watan Satumba a shekara ta alif 1866 - 17 ga watan Maris 17, 1950) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne wanda aka haifa a Switzerland wanda ya shahara a matsayin babban likitan tabin hankali na farko na Asibitin Johns Hopkins (1910-1941). Ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar likitocin tabin hankali ta Amurka a tsakanin 1927–28 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane mafi tasiri a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a rabin farko na ƙarni na ashirin. Mayar da hankali kan tattara cikakkun tarihin shari'o'in marasa lafiya yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun gudummawar da ya bayar. Ya kula da ginawa da haɓaka Asibitin Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka na Henry Phipps a Asibitin Johns Hopkins, wanda aka buɗe a watan Afrilun 1913, yana tabbatar da cewa ya dace da binciken kimiyya, horo, da magani. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Guide |url=https://medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/collection/adolf-meyer-collection/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112183519/https://medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/collection/adolf-meyer-collection/ |archive-date=2021-11-12 |access-date= |website=Chesney Archives--Johns Hopkins Univ.}}</ref> Aikin Meyer a Phipps Clinic wataƙila shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren aikinsa.  Babban gudummawar da Meyer ya bayar a ka'idarsa ita ce ra'ayinsa na '''ergasiology''' (kalmar da ya samo daga Girkanci don "aiki" da "yi") don bayyana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam . Wannan ya haɗa dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi halitta, zamantakewa, da tunani da kuma alamun da suka shafi majiyyaci. Ya ɗauki cututtukan tabin hankali a matsayin sakamakon rashin aiki na ɗabi'a, ba yanayin kwakwalwa ba. Ganin cewa abubuwan zamantakewa da na halitta na rayuwa gaba ɗaya ya kamata su zama muhimman abubuwan da za su taimaka wajen gano cutar da kuma magance ta, Meyer ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin likitocin tabin hankali na farko da suka goyi bayan aikin tiyata a matsayin muhimmiyar alaƙa tsakanin ayyukan mutum da lafiyar kwakwalwarsa, kuma ya haɗa da ayyuka da ayyuka na al'umma don haɓaka ƙwarewar rayuwar mutane ta yau da kullun. <ref name="Christiansen2007">{{Cite journal |last=Christiansen |first=C.H. |year=2007 |title=Adolf Meyer Revisited:Connections between Lifestyle, resilience and illness |journal=Journal of Occupational Science |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=63–76 |doi=10.1080/14427591.2007.9686586 |s2cid=143957625}}</ref> == Rayuwar kai da ilimi == An haifi Adolf Meyer a Niederweningen, [[Switzerland]], a cikin shekarar 1866. Shi ɗan wani fasto ne na Zwinglian . Meyer ya sami digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Zurich a shekarar 1892, inda ya yi karatun ilimin jijiyoyi a ƙarƙashin [[Auguste Forel]] . A lokacin da yake jami'a, ya yi karatu a ƙasashen waje a Paris, London da Edinburgh, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin John Hughlings Jackson da [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Scull |first=Andrew |last2=Schulkin |first2=Jay |date=January 2009 |title=Psychobiology, Psychiatry, and Psychoanalysis: The Intersecting Careers of Adolf Meyer, Phyllis Greenacre, and Curt Richter |journal=Medical History |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=5–36 |doi=10.1017/s002572730000329x |pmc=2629172 |pmid=19190747}}</ref> An buga takardar digirin digirgir ɗinsa a shekarar 1892 kuma tana da alaƙa da kwakwalwar dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ba tare da ya sami damar yin alƙawari da jami'a ba, sai ya yi ƙaura zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a shekarar 1892. Meyer ya auri Mary Potter Brooks, daga Newburgh, New York, a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1902. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="death2" /> Suna da 'ya ɗaya, Julia Lathrup Meyer, a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1916. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Biography |url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507153655/http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 3, 2007}}</ref> Meyer ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Maris, 1950, a gidansa da ke lamba 4305 Rugby Road a Baltimore, Maryland, sakamakon bugun zuciya. An binne shi a makabartar Druid Ridge da ke Pikesville, Maryland . == Aikin likita == === Farkon aikina === Bayan ya koma Amurka, Meyer ya fara yin aikin ilimin jijiyoyi kuma ya koyar a Jami'ar Chicago, inda ya fuskanci ra'ayoyin masu ra'ayin Chicago . Bai sami damar samun aiki na cikakken lokaci wanda ake biyansa albashi a Jami'ar Chicago ba, don haka lokacin da yake can bai yi nisa ba, yana aiki daga 1892 zuwa 1895. [1] [2] Daga 1893 zuwa 1895, ya yi aiki a matsayin likitan cututtuka a sabon Asibitin Jihar Kankakee, Illinois, [3] bayan haka ya yi aiki a asibitin jihar da ke Worcester, Massachusetts, daga 1895 zuwa 1902, [4] duk lokacin da yake buga takardu masu yawa a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi, ilimin jijiyoyi, da kuma ilimin tabin hankali. [5] Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ɗalibi a Jami'ar Clark . [1] === Lokaci a New York === A shekara ta 1902, ya zama darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtuka ta tsarin Asibitin Jihar New York (bayan haka aka ba shi suna na yanzu, Cibiyar Nazarin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Jihar New York ), kuma a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, ya tsara yawancin ilimin tabin hankali na Amurka ta hanyar jaddada mahimmancin adana cikakkun bayanai na marasa lafiya da kuma gabatar da tsarin rarrabuwa na [[Emil Kraepelin]] da ra'ayoyin [[Sigmund Freud]] . A lokacin da yake cikin tsarin Asibitin Jihar New York, Meyer yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara shigo da ra'ayoyin Freud game da mahimmancin jima'i da kuma tasirin renon yara tun suna ƙanana a kan halayen manya. Meyer ya ga yawancin ra'ayoyin Freud da hanyoyin warkarwa suna da amfani kuma suna da amfani, amma ya ƙi nazarin psychoanalysis a matsayin cikakken bayani game da cututtukan kwakwalwa don fifita ka'idar ilimin psychobiology na kansa. Bai taɓa yin nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba kuma koyaushe yana riƙe shi a hannun Johns Hopkins saboda dagewar Freud kan dalilin cututtukan kwakwalwa. Kamar yadda ya rubuta a jawabinsa na shugaban ƙasa ga taron shekara-shekara na 84 na Ƙungiyar Masu Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka : "Waɗanda ke tunanin cewa duk ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da magani dole ne su warware kansu zuwa ga ɗimbin da'awa da hasashe na nazarin halayyar ɗan adam kuma cewa suna tsayawa ko faɗuwa da ra'ayin mutum game da nazarin halayyar ɗan adam, suma ba su da tushe." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meyer |first=Adolf |date=1928 |title=Thirty-Five Years of Psychiatry in the United States and Our Present Outlook |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=85 |pages=1–31 |doi=10.1176/ajp.85.1.1}}</ref> Meyer Farfesa ne na ilimin tabin hankali a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] daga 1904 zuwa 1909. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Guide |url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507153655/http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=2015-04-07 |website=www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu}}</ref> === Asibitin Phipps da ke Johns Hopkins === [[File:The_Henry_Phipps_Psychiatric_Clinic.jpg|left|thumb| Asibitin Kula da Masu tabin hankali na Henry Phipps da ke Johns Hopkins]] A shekara ta 1908, an nemi Meyer ya zama darektan wani sabon asibitin tabin hankali a Asibitin Johns Hopkins bayan da Henry Phipps, Jr. ya bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 1.5 don buɗe asibitin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of The Johns Hopkins Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences |url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/about/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022231909/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/about/history.html |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |access-date=2015-04-07}}</ref> Meyer ya amince da tayin, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "mafi mahimmancin farfesa [a fannin ilimin tabin hankali] a fannin masu magana da Turanci." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lamb |first=Susan |date=2012 |title='The Most Important Professorship in the English-speaking Domain': Adolf Meyer and the Beginnings of Clinical Psychiatry in the United States |url= |journal=Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease |volume=200 |issue=12 |pages=1061–66 |doi=10.1097/NMD.0b013e318275d273 |pmid=23197121}}</ref> Ya kula da ginin da haɓaka asibitin kuma ya tabbatar da cewa ginin ya dace da binciken kimiyya, horo da magani. An buɗe Asibitin Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka na Henry Phipps a watan Afrilun 1913. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1950]] 2lj4jvw2y7grqpue4vju7h5l3rvsky2 968130 968129 2026-10-16T09:55:55Z Kamaf001 48297 968130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adolf Meyer''' (13 ga watan Satumba a shekara ta alif 1866 - 17 ga watan Maris a shekara ta1950) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne wanda aka haifa a Switzerland wanda ya shahara a matsayin babban likitan tabin hankali na farko na Asibitin Johns Hopkins (1910-1941). Ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar likitocin tabin hankali ta Amurka a tsakanin 1927–28 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane mafi tasiri a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a rabin farko na ƙarni na ashirin. Mayar da hankali kan tattara cikakkun tarihin shari'o'in marasa lafiya yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun gudummawar da ya bayar. Ya kula da ginawa da haɓaka Asibitin Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka na Henry Phipps a Asibitin Johns Hopkins, wanda aka buɗe a watan Afrilun 1913, yana tabbatar da cewa ya dace da binciken kimiyya, horo, da magani. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Guide |url=https://medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/collection/adolf-meyer-collection/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112183519/https://medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/collection/adolf-meyer-collection/ |archive-date=2021-11-12 |access-date= |website=Chesney Archives--Johns Hopkins Univ.}}</ref> Aikin Meyer a Phipps Clinic wataƙila shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren aikinsa.  Babban gudummawar da Meyer ya bayar a ka'idarsa ita ce ra'ayinsa na '''ergasiology''' (kalmar da ya samo daga Girkanci don "aiki" da "yi") don bayyana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam . Wannan ya haɗa dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi halitta, zamantakewa, da tunani da kuma alamun da suka shafi majiyyaci. Ya ɗauki cututtukan tabin hankali a matsayin sakamakon rashin aiki na ɗabi'a, ba yanayin kwakwalwa ba. Ganin cewa abubuwan zamantakewa da na halitta na rayuwa gaba ɗaya ya kamata su zama muhimman abubuwan da za su taimaka wajen gano cutar da kuma magance ta, Meyer ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin likitocin tabin hankali na farko da suka goyi bayan aikin tiyata a matsayin muhimmiyar alaƙa tsakanin ayyukan mutum da lafiyar kwakwalwarsa, kuma ya haɗa da ayyuka da ayyuka na al'umma don haɓaka ƙwarewar rayuwar mutane ta yau da kullun. <ref name="Christiansen2007">{{Cite journal |last=Christiansen |first=C.H. |year=2007 |title=Adolf Meyer Revisited:Connections between Lifestyle, resilience and illness |journal=Journal of Occupational Science |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=63–76 |doi=10.1080/14427591.2007.9686586 |s2cid=143957625}}</ref> == Rayuwar kai da ilimi == An haifi Adolf Meyer a Niederweningen, [[Switzerland]], a cikin shekarar 1866. Shi ɗan wani fasto ne na Zwinglian . Meyer ya sami digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Zurich a shekarar 1892, inda ya yi karatun ilimin jijiyoyi a ƙarƙashin [[Auguste Forel]] . A lokacin da yake jami'a, ya yi karatu a ƙasashen waje a Paris, London da Edinburgh, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin John Hughlings Jackson da [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Scull |first=Andrew |last2=Schulkin |first2=Jay |date=January 2009 |title=Psychobiology, Psychiatry, and Psychoanalysis: The Intersecting Careers of Adolf Meyer, Phyllis Greenacre, and Curt Richter |journal=Medical History |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=5–36 |doi=10.1017/s002572730000329x |pmc=2629172 |pmid=19190747}}</ref> An buga takardar digirin digirgir ɗinsa a shekarar 1892 kuma tana da alaƙa da kwakwalwar dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ba tare da ya sami damar yin alƙawari da jami'a ba, sai ya yi ƙaura zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a shekarar 1892. Meyer ya auri Mary Potter Brooks, daga Newburgh, New York, a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1902. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="death2" /> Suna da 'ya ɗaya, Julia Lathrup Meyer, a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1916. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Biography |url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507153655/http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 3, 2007}}</ref> Meyer ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Maris, 1950, a gidansa da ke lamba 4305 Rugby Road a Baltimore, Maryland, sakamakon bugun zuciya. An binne shi a makabartar Druid Ridge da ke Pikesville, Maryland . == Aikin likita == === Farkon aikina === Bayan ya koma Amurka, Meyer ya fara yin aikin ilimin jijiyoyi kuma ya koyar a Jami'ar Chicago, inda ya fuskanci ra'ayoyin masu ra'ayin Chicago . Bai sami damar samun aiki na cikakken lokaci wanda ake biyansa albashi a Jami'ar Chicago ba, don haka lokacin da yake can bai yi nisa ba, yana aiki daga 1892 zuwa 1895. [1] [2] Daga 1893 zuwa 1895, ya yi aiki a matsayin likitan cututtuka a sabon Asibitin Jihar Kankakee, Illinois, [3] bayan haka ya yi aiki a asibitin jihar da ke Worcester, Massachusetts, daga 1895 zuwa 1902, [4] duk lokacin da yake buga takardu masu yawa a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi, ilimin jijiyoyi, da kuma ilimin tabin hankali. [5] Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ɗalibi a Jami'ar Clark . [1] === Lokaci a New York === A shekara ta 1902, ya zama darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtuka ta tsarin Asibitin Jihar New York (bayan haka aka ba shi suna na yanzu, Cibiyar Nazarin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Jihar New York ), kuma a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, ya tsara yawancin ilimin tabin hankali na Amurka ta hanyar jaddada mahimmancin adana cikakkun bayanai na marasa lafiya da kuma gabatar da tsarin rarrabuwa na [[Emil Kraepelin]] da ra'ayoyin [[Sigmund Freud]] . A lokacin da yake cikin tsarin Asibitin Jihar New York, Meyer yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara shigo da ra'ayoyin Freud game da mahimmancin jima'i da kuma tasirin renon yara tun suna ƙanana a kan halayen manya. Meyer ya ga yawancin ra'ayoyin Freud da hanyoyin warkarwa suna da amfani kuma suna da amfani, amma ya ƙi nazarin psychoanalysis a matsayin cikakken bayani game da cututtukan kwakwalwa don fifita ka'idar ilimin psychobiology na kansa. Bai taɓa yin nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba kuma koyaushe yana riƙe shi a hannun Johns Hopkins saboda dagewar Freud kan dalilin cututtukan kwakwalwa. Kamar yadda ya rubuta a jawabinsa na shugaban ƙasa ga taron shekara-shekara na 84 na Ƙungiyar Masu Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka : "Waɗanda ke tunanin cewa duk ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da magani dole ne su warware kansu zuwa ga ɗimbin da'awa da hasashe na nazarin halayyar ɗan adam kuma cewa suna tsayawa ko faɗuwa da ra'ayin mutum game da nazarin halayyar ɗan adam, suma ba su da tushe." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meyer |first=Adolf |date=1928 |title=Thirty-Five Years of Psychiatry in the United States and Our Present Outlook |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=85 |pages=1–31 |doi=10.1176/ajp.85.1.1}}</ref> Meyer Farfesa ne na ilimin tabin hankali a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] daga 1904 zuwa 1909. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolf Meyer Guide |url=http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507153655/http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/sgml/amg-d.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=2015-04-07 |website=www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu}}</ref> === Asibitin Phipps da ke Johns Hopkins === [[File:The_Henry_Phipps_Psychiatric_Clinic.jpg|left|thumb| Asibitin Kula da Masu tabin hankali na Henry Phipps da ke Johns Hopkins]] A shekara ta 1908, an nemi Meyer ya zama darektan wani sabon asibitin tabin hankali a Asibitin Johns Hopkins bayan da Henry Phipps, Jr. ya bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 1.5 don buɗe asibitin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of The Johns Hopkins Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences |url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/about/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022231909/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/about/history.html |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |access-date=2015-04-07}}</ref> Meyer ya amince da tayin, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "mafi mahimmancin farfesa [a fannin ilimin tabin hankali] a fannin masu magana da Turanci." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lamb |first=Susan |date=2012 |title='The Most Important Professorship in the English-speaking Domain': Adolf Meyer and the Beginnings of Clinical Psychiatry in the United States |url= |journal=Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease |volume=200 |issue=12 |pages=1061–66 |doi=10.1097/NMD.0b013e318275d273 |pmid=23197121}}</ref> Ya kula da ginin da haɓaka asibitin kuma ya tabbatar da cewa ginin ya dace da binciken kimiyya, horo da magani. An buɗe Asibitin Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka na Henry Phipps a watan Afrilun 1913. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1950]] qx0a1dmdr334lecrlnyzapc613h4z2u 0 179343 968112 2026-10-16T09:44:17Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 968112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Umuawulu''' {{Audio |LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Chinwoke 01-Umuawulu.wav|listen|help=no}} gari ne da ke cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar Awka ta Kudu (LGA), a Jihar [[Anambra]], [[Najeriya]]. '''Tarihi''' Kamar yawancin al'ummomin Igbo, ana adana tarihin Umuawulu ta hanyar al'adun baka, zuriyar iyalai, da kuma al'adun gargajiya da ake miƙawa daga tsara zuwa tsara. '''Asali da zuriyar kakanni''' Ana danganta asalin Umuawulu da wani magabaci da ake kira Awulu, wanda sunan garin ya samo asali daga gare shi. Sunan “Umuawulu” yana nufin “'ya'yan Awulu”. Bisa ga al'adar baka, Awulu zuriyar wani tsohon magabaci ne, kuma zuriyarsa suka zauna a yankin a hankali, inda suka kafa gidajen iyalai waɗanda daga baya suka bunƙasa suka zama al'umma mai tsari. A tsawon lokaci, zuriyar Awulu sun ƙaru kuma suka tsara kansu zuwa manyan ƙauyuka uku: * Enugwu * Umuenu * Agbana Waɗannan ƙauyuka sun zama ginshiƙan rayuwar zamantakewa, siyasa da al'adun Umuawulu. '''Al'umma kafin mulkin mallaka''' Kamar yawancin al'ummomin Igbo, Umuawulu tana da tsarin mulkin jamhuriya, inda ba a tattara iko a hannun mutum guda ba. Jagoranci ya ta'allaka ne ga: * Majalisun dattawa * Ƙungiyoyin masu shekaru iri ɗaya * Shugabannin iyalai (tsarin Umunna) Ana yanke shawara tare, abin da ke nuna yanayin daidaito a al'adun Igbo. Mazauna yankin sun fi dogaro da noma, kasuwanci da sana'o'in hannu, tare da hulɗa da garuruwan da ke makwabtaka ta hanyar ciniki da zumuncin dangi. Kasuwanni sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasar garin a farkon tarihinsa. Kasuwannin gargajiya guda uku—Oye Umuawulu, Oye Umuenu da Nkwo Agbana—sun kasance muhimman cibiyoyin tattalin arziki da suka haɗa garin da al'ummomin da ke kewaye da shi. '''Dangantaka da al'ummomin da ke makwabtaka''' Umuawulu tana da alaƙar tarihi da al'adu da garuruwan da ke kusa da ita, kamar Isiagu, Nibo, Amaetiti, Awgbu da Mbaukwu. Al'adar baka tana ɗaukar Mbaukwu a matsayin al'umma mai alaƙar kakanni da Umuawulu, abin da ke nuna cewa suna da asali na bai ɗaya da kuma kusancin zumunci. Waɗannan alaƙoƙi sun taimaka wajen bunƙasa kasuwanci, auratayya tsakanin al'ummomi da warware rikice-rikice a zamanin kafin mulkin mallaka. '''Tasirin mulkin mallaka da masu wa'azin mishan''' A lokacin mulkin mallaka, Umuawulu ta fuskanci sauye-sauye kamar sauran garuruwan Igbo, ciki har da: * Shigar Kiristanci * Ilimin zamani irin na Yammacin duniya * Sabbin tsarin gudanarwa Masu wa'azin mishan sun kafa majami'u da makarantu, waɗanda suka taimaka wajen yaɗuwar karatu da rubutu da kuma sauye-sauyen zamantakewa. Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun cibiyoyin ilimi ita ce Holy Cross High School, wadda take cikin tsofaffin makarantun sakandare a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. A hankali, Kiristanci ya haɗu da wasu al'adun gargajiya, lamarin da ya taimaka wajen samar da yanayin addini na zamani a garin. '''Jagorancin gargajiya''' Ko da yake Umuawulu ta fara da tsarin mulkin jamhuriya, daga baya ta rungumi tsarin sarautar gargajiya ta Igwe. Mai Martaba Eze G. C. Igboamazu (Eze Udo) ya zama Igwe na farko a shekarar 1977, kuma ya yi sarauta har zuwa shekarar 2000. An san shi da ƙoƙarinsa na inganta zaman lafiya da haɗin kai. Sarkin gargajiya na yanzu, Mai Martaba Eze Joel Maduabuchie Egwuonwu, ya hau gadon sarauta a shekarar 2014. Wannan tsarin sarauta yana aiki tare da tsarin mulkin zamani, kuma yana ci gaba da taimakawa wajen kiyaye al'adun gargajiya. '''Bunƙasar zamani''' A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Umuawulu ta bunƙasa a matsayin al'umma mai tasowa, wadda ke da: * Ingantattun hanyoyin mota * Cibiyoyin ilimi * Majami'u da ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa Ƙoƙarin ci gaban al'umma da shirye-shiryen jagoranci sun taimaka wajen bunƙasa ababen more rayuwa da zamanantar da garin. '''Gadon al'adu''' Duk da bunƙasar zamani, Umuawulu tana ci gaba da riƙe muhimman al'adun Igbo, waɗanda suka haɗa da: * Bukukuwa da ranakun kasuwa * Girmama dattawa da kiyaye zuriyar kakanni * Tsarin ƙungiyoyin masu shekaru iri ɗaya da ayyukan haɗin gwiwar al'umma Waɗannan al'adu suna ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da asali da haɗin kan al'ummar garin. '''Kammalawa''' Tarihin Umuawulu yana nuna wani ɓangare na tarihin wayewar al'ummar Igbo, wanda ya ginu bisa asalin kakanni, rayuwar al'umma tare, kasuwanci da juriya. Daga matsayinta na matsugunin zuriyar Awulu zuwa matsayin garin da ke ci gaba da bunƙasa a Ƙaramar Hukumar Awka ta Kudu, Umuawulu tana ci gaba da kasancewa al'umma mai alaƙa da gadon tarihinta, yayin da take rungumar ci gaban zamani. [[Category:Wuraren zama a Jihar Anambra]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} {{Anambra-geo-stub}} 9vsoig910ugke39jqp356lq1satcm4p 0 179344 968113 2026-10-16T09:46:08Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377438152|Mental health of Adolf Hitler]]" 968113 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg|thumb| Hoton shugaban Nazi [[Adolf Hitler]], 1938]] Duk da cewa ba a taɓa gano [[Adolf Hitler]] da wata cuta ta tabin hankali a rayuwarsa ba, sau da yawa ana danganta shi da cututtuka na tabin hankali kamar su [[Cutar bipolar|bipolar disorder]], [[Hauka|schizophrenia]], psychopathy, da amphetamine psychosis, a lokacin rayuwarsa da kuma bayan mutuwarsa . An haɗa matsalolin cikin tarihin rayuwar Hitler. Masana tabin hankali da masu nazarin halayyar dan adam wadanda suka gano cewa mai mulkin kama-karya yana da irin wadannan yanayin kwakwalwa sun hada da fitattun mutane kamar Walter C. Langer da [[Erich Fromm]] . Sauran masu bincike kamar Frederick Redlich ba a shawo kansu cewa Hitler ya tabbatar da irin waɗannan matsaloli ba. == Bayani == === Wahalar da Hitler ya fuskanta a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam === [[File:Adolf_Eichmann,_1942.jpg|thumb| Masanin falsafar Jamus [[Hannah Arendt]], wacce ta halarci shari'ar Adolf Eichmann (wanda aka nuna a hoto) a shekarar 1961, ta yi imanin cewa son aikata [[Kisan kiyashi|kisan kare dangi]] zai iya dacewa da lafiyar kwakwalwa.]] A fannin tabin hankali, binciken cututtuka ya haifar da mummunan suna, musamman binciken cututtuka da aka gudanar ''a baya bayan haka'', ba tare da an yi wa majiyyaci gwajin kai tsaye ba. Har ma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin rashin ɗa'a. A yanayin Hitler, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam yana haifar da matsaloli na musamman. Da farko, marubutan da ke rubutu game da al'amuran Hitler dole ne su magance matsalar da mai karatu mai yiwuwa mai son kallon fina-finai ke karɓar hasashe mafi ƙaranci - kamar abin da ya faru a cikin littafin Lothar Machtan ''mai suna The Hidden Hitler'' (2001). <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Lothar Machtan}}</ref> Wasu marubuta sun yi gargaɗin cewa yin wa Hitler rashin lafiya zai sa ya rasa wasu daga cikin alhakin ayyukansa. <ref name="Armbruster 2009">{{Cite journal |last=Armbruster |first=Jan |date=2009 |title=Die Behandlung Adolf Hitlers im Lazarett Pasewalk 1918: Historische Mythenbildung durch einseitige bzw. spekulative Pathographie |url=http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/8276.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Journal für Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie |location=[[Gablitz|Gablitz, Austria]] |publisher=Krause & Pachernegg |volume=10 |pages=18–22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703083328/http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/8276.pdf |archive-date=2015-07-03 |access-date=2009-12-17}}</ref> Wasu kuma suna jin tsoron cewa ta hanyar cutar da Hitler ko kuma ɓata masa suna, duk laifin laifukan Nazi Jamus za a iya ɗora masa shi gaba ɗaya, yayin da jama'a da waɗanda ke kan mukamai waɗanda suka ba Hitler damar yin mulki za a cire musu alhakin. An san [[Hannah Arendt]] da ƙirƙirar kalmar "ɓarna daga mugunta"; a shekarar 1963, ta bayyana cewa ga wani mai aikata laifin Nazi a matsayin Adolf Eichmann, daidaiton tunani da ikon yin kisan kai ba su da alaƙa da juna. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Hannah Arendt}}</ref> Harald Welzer ya cimma irin wannan ƙarshe a cikin littafinsa ''Täter.'' ''Wie aus ganz normalen Menschen Massenmörder werden [mai laifi. Yadda talakawa ke zama masu kisan kai]'' . A cikin tarihin rayuwarsa ta 2015, Peter Longerich ya nuna yadda Hitler ya aiwatar da manufofinsa na siyasa a matsayinsa na mai mulkin kama-karya mai ƙarfi, tare da jajircewa, babban shiri na ɗaukar haɗari da kuma iko mara iyaka. <ref>Peter Longerich: ''Hitler. Biographie''. Siedler, Munich 2015, {{ISBN|978-3-8275-0060-1}}</ref> Wasu marubuta sun yi adawa da duk wani yunƙuri na ''bayyana'' Hitler, misali ta hanyar tunani. Claude Lanzmann ya ci gaba da cewa, yana mai cewa irin waɗannan yunƙurin "abin ƙyama ne"; bayan kammala fim ɗinsa ''na Shoah'' (1985), ya ji cewa irin waɗannan yunƙurin sun yi kama da musanta kisan kiyashi, tare da sukar da aka yi wa masanin tarihi Rudolph Binion. Kamar yadda likitan tabin hankali Jan Ehrenwald ya nuna, tambayar da ake yi game da yadda Hitler mai yiwuwa yana da tabin hankali zai iya samun miliyoyin mabiya masu himma waɗanda suka goyi bayan manufofinsa har zuwa 1945 sau da yawa ana yin watsi da su. Daniel Goldhagen ya yi jayayya a shekarar 1996 cewa hawan Hitler a siyasance ba shi da alaƙa da [[Ilimin ƙwaƙwalwa|tabin hankali]], sai dai sakamakon mummunan yanayin zamantakewa da ya kasance a wancan lokacin a Jamus ne. Wasu marubuta sun lura cewa mutane kamar [[Charles Manson]] da Jim Jones, waɗanda aka bayyana a matsayin masu fama da mummunar rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa kamar schizophrenia, duk da haka sun yi nasarar yin tasiri mai yawa ga ƙungiyoyin mabiyansu. Tun da farko, an kuma bayyana ra'ayin cewa Hitler ya iya sarrafa ilimin halinsa da kyau, kuma ya san yadda zai iya amfani da alamunsa don jagorantar motsin zuciyar masu sauraronsa yadda ya kamata. Wasu marubuta sun yi nuni da cewa mabiyan Hitler da kansu sun shiga cikin damuwa ta hankali. Ba a gabatar da shaidar wannan ikirarin ba. A shekara ta 2000, ƙungiyar marubuta masu ra'ayoyi daban-daban, Matussek, Matussek, da Marbach, sun fara tattauna batun yadda ilimin halayyar Hitler na ɗan adam zai iya kasancewa da sha'awar mabiyansa. == Ciwon kai == === Hitler a asibitin soja na Pasewalk (1918) === [[File:Hitler_1921.jpg|thumb| Hitler a shekarar 1921]] Oswald Bumke, likitan tabin hankali kuma wanda ya yi zamani da Hitler, ya ɗauka cewa likitan tabin hankali bai taɓa duba Hitler ba. Likitan tabin hankali kaɗai da Hitler ya gana da shi da kansa - farfesa Kurt Schneider na Munich - ba likitan Hitler ba ne. Duk da cewa an samo takardun likita da suka ba da damar yanke shawara game da lafiyar Hitler kuma an sanya su cikin sauƙi don bincike, akwai rashin takardu na asali waɗanda ke ba da damar tantance yanayin tunaninsa. Hasashe game da yiwuwar kimanta lafiyar Hitler, a rayuwarsa, sun mayar da hankali ne kan zamansa a asibitin sojoji, Pasewalk, a ƙarshen 1918. An kwantar da Hitler a asibiti bayan ya sha gubar iskar mustard, wanda ya fallasa kansa a lokacin yaƙin da aka yi a Flanders . A cikin ''littafin Mein Kampf'', ya ambaci wannan zaman asibiti dangane da makantarsa ta ɗan lokaci mai raɗaɗi, da kuma "masifa" da "hauka" na juyin juya halin Jamus na 1918-19 da kuma shan kayen da Jamus ta sha a [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]], waɗanda ya koya game da su a lokacin murmurewa, wanda ya haifar da sake makanta. Hitler da mawallafin tarihin rayuwarsa na farko, sun lura sosai da ƙarfin martanin da yake bayarwa ga abubuwan tarihi, domin wannan komawa ga makanta ya gano lokacin da Hitler ya ji buƙatar zama ɗan siyasa kuma mai ceton Jamus. Tun a rayuwar Hitler, wasu likitocin tabin hankali sun yanke hukuncin cewa irin wannan koma-baya ba tare da wani bayani na halitta ba dole ne a bayyana shi a matsayin wata alama ta [[Halin da ya fi dacewa|tashin hankali]] . Ganewar cutar damuwa ta kasance mafi girma a zamanin [[Sigmund Freud]] 's psychoanalysis, amma har yanzu ana amfani da ita a shekarun 1930 da 1940. Asarar gabobin ji na daga cikin alamomin da aka saba gani, baya ga son kai da kuma halayen [[Gidan wasan kwaikwayo|wasan kwaikwayo]] . An yi zargin cewa likitan tabin hankali Karl Wilmanns ya ce a cikin wani lacca: "Hitler ya yi wani mummunan yanayi bayan an binne shi da rai a cikin fili"; Daga nan Wilmanns ya rasa matsayinsa a shekarar 1933. Mataimakinsa, Hans Walter Gruhle, ya fuskanci rashin nasara a fannin aiki saboda irin waɗannan kalamai. <ref>Riedesser, P.; Verderber, A. ''"Maschinengewehre hinter der Front". Zur Geschichte der deutschen Militärpsychiatrie'', Fischer: Frankfurt/Main, 1996. {{ISBN|3-935964-52-8}}</ref> A fannin ilimin tabin hankali na zamani, kalmar "hysteria" ba ta da amfani yanzu. A yau, alamun da suka dace suna da alaƙa da rashin daidaituwa ko rashin daidaituwar halayen mutum .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}} Ba a san komai game da zaman Hitler a asibiti ba. Ba a ma tabbatar da irin alamun da aka nuna ba. An riga an yi la'akari da cewa bayanan lafiyar Hitler daga Pasewalk waɗanda za su iya tabbatarwa ko musanta cutar sun ɓace a ƙarshen shekarun 1920. <ref name="Armbruster 2009" /> <ref name="Armbruster2006">Armbruster, Jan. ''Edmund Robert Forster (1878–1933). Lebensweg und Werk eines deutschen Neuropsychiaters'', Matthiesen: Husum, 2006. {{ISBN|978-3-7868-4102-9}}</ref> ==== ''Nazarin Halayyar Dan Adam game da Hitler'' (1943) ==== A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], hukumar leƙen asiri [[Tarayyar Amurka|ta Amurka]], Ofishin Ayyukan Dabaru (OSS), ta tattara bayanai game da halayen Hitler kuma ta umarci ƙungiyar bincike ƙarƙashin jagorancin Walter Charles Langer don ƙirƙirar rahotannin tunani a cikin 1943. A cikin ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan rahotannin, mai taken ''Nazarin Halayyar Hitler'', an ƙirƙiro hasashen cewa likitan hauka Edmund Forster ya yi wa Hitler magani a Pasewalk, wanda a shekarar 1933 ya kashe kansa saboda tsoron ɗaukar fansa. Farkon wannan rahoton shine shaidar likitan tabin hankali Karl Kroner wanda shi ma ya yi aiki a asibiti a shekarar 1918. Kroner ya tabbatar da cewa Forster ya duba Hitler kuma ya gano cewa yana da "jinkirin damuwa". An riƙe rahoton a kulle, amma a farkon shekarun 1970, marubucin tarihin rayuwar Hitler John Toland ya sake gano shi. <ref>Toland, John. ''Adolf Hitler: The Definitive Biography'', 1976. {{ISBN|0-385-42053-6}}</ref> Akalla wasu sun ƙi shaidar Kroner. Jan Armbruster da Peter Theiss-Abendroth (2016) sun rubuta "Bayan da kyar Karl Kroner ya tsere daga sansanin tsare mutane na Jamus, ya ga ya yi masa wahala ya sami abin rayuwa a Iceland saboda ba a amince da takardar shaidar likitancinsa daga hukumomin yankin ba. Don haka, wataƙila ya yi ƙoƙarin hanzarta tsarin bizarsa zuwa Amurka ta hanyar sanya kansa ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba. Ganin yadda aka yi ƙarin bayani da kuma karkacewar da ke cikin labarinsa da kuma matsin lambar da yake fuskanta, zai iya zama shaida ga abubuwa da dama - amma tabbas ba don wani muhimmin al'amari na tarihi kamar wanda ake magana a kai a nan ba." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Theiss-Abendroth |first=Peter |last2=Armbruster |first2=Jan |last3=Theiss-Abendroth |first3=Peter |last4=Armbruster |first4=Jan |date=June 20, 2016 |title=Deconstructing the myth of Pasewalk: Why Adolf Hitler's psychiatric treatment at the end of World War I bears no relevance |journal=Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=56–59 |doi=10.1590/0101-60830000000085 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ==== ''Ni, Mashaidin Ido'' (1963) ==== A shekarar 1939, likita kuma marubuci ɗan ƙasar Austria Ernst Weiss, wanda ya zauna a Faransa a gudun hijira, ya rubuta wani littafi mai suna ''Ich, der Augenzeuge'' ("Ni, mai shaida a ido"), wani labari na tarihin rayuwar wani likita wanda ya warkar da wani soja mai "tsoratarwa" AH daga Braunau wanda ya rasa ganinsa a cikin ramuka. An shirya makircin ne a wani asibiti ''na Reichswehr'' a ƙarshen shekarar 1918. Tunda iliminsa na iya zama haɗari ga 'yan Nazi, an sanya likitan almara a sansanin fursunoni a shekarar 1933 kuma an sake shi ne bayan ya miƙa bayanan lafiyarsa. Weiss ya kashe kansa a shekarar 1940 bayan da sojojin Jamus suka shiga [[Faris|birnin Paris]] . [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ne kuma yana jin tsoron korarsa daga ƙasar. An buga littafinsa a shekarar 1963. An yi imanin cewa ilimin Weiss game da zaman Hitler a asibiti ya fito ne daga littattafan tarihin rayuwa na zamani. ==== Hasashe game da hypnotherapy ==== Farawa da zato na rahoton leƙen asiri da kuma bin littafin Weiss, jerin masu bincike da marubuta sun ci gaba da haifar da zato game da yiwuwar shiga cikin wani maganin hypnosis da aka yi imanin cewa yana da aminci. [1] Waɗannan sake ginawa abin tambaya ne domin ba su bayar da wata sabuwar shaida ba. Sun kuma cire wasu fassarori daga farko, sun yi watsi da mahallin tarihi sosai, kuma sun yi watsi da cewa Forster yana da ra'ayin damuwa wanda zai kai shi ga wasu hanyoyin magani fiye da hypnosis. [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b6hyo757c2xbnw56lwl6gs426zmvj3m 968114 968113 2026-10-16T09:46:31Z Sardeeq 39275 968114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg|thumb| Hoton shugaban Nazi [[Adolf Hitler]], 1938]] Duk da cewa ba a taɓa gano [[Adolf Hitler]] da wata cuta ta tabin hankali a rayuwarsa ba, sau da yawa ana danganta shi da cututtuka na tabin hankali kamar su [[Cutar bipolar|bipolar disorder]], [[Hauka|schizophrenia]], psychopathy, da amphetamine psychosis, a lokacin rayuwarsa da kuma bayan mutuwarsa . An haɗa matsalolin cikin tarihin rayuwar Hitler. Masana tabin hankali da masu nazarin halayyar dan adam wadanda suka gano cewa mai mulkin kama-karya yana da irin wadannan yanayin kwakwalwa sun hada da fitattun mutane kamar Walter C. Langer da [[Erich Fromm]] . Sauran masu bincike kamar Frederick Redlich ba a shawo kansu cewa Hitler ya tabbatar da irin waɗannan matsaloli ba. == Bayani == === Wahalar da Hitler ya fuskanta a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam === [[File:Adolf_Eichmann,_1942.jpg|thumb| Masanin falsafar Jamus [[Hannah Arendt]], wacce ta halarci shari'ar Adolf Eichmann (wanda aka nuna a hoto) a shekarar 1961, ta yi imanin cewa son aikata [[Kisan kiyashi|kisan kare dangi]] zai iya dacewa da lafiyar kwakwalwa.]] A fannin tabin hankali, binciken cututtuka ya haifar da mummunan suna, musamman binciken cututtuka da aka gudanar ''a baya bayan haka'', ba tare da an yi wa majiyyaci gwajin kai tsaye ba. Har ma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin rashin ɗa'a. A yanayin Hitler, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam yana haifar da matsaloli na musamman. Da farko, marubutan da ke rubutu game da al'amuran Hitler dole ne su magance matsalar da mai karatu mai yiwuwa mai son kallon fina-finai ke karɓar hasashe mafi ƙaranci - kamar abin da ya faru a cikin littafin Lothar Machtan ''mai suna The Hidden Hitler'' (2001). <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Lothar Machtan}}</ref> Wasu marubuta sun yi gargaɗin cewa yin wa Hitler rashin lafiya zai sa ya rasa wasu daga cikin alhakin ayyukansa. <ref name="Armbruster 2009">{{Cite journal |last=Armbruster |first=Jan |date=2009 |title=Die Behandlung Adolf Hitlers im Lazarett Pasewalk 1918: Historische Mythenbildung durch einseitige bzw. spekulative Pathographie |url=http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/8276.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Journal für Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie |location=[[Gablitz|Gablitz, Austria]] |publisher=Krause & Pachernegg |volume=10 |pages=18–22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703083328/http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/8276.pdf |archive-date=2015-07-03 |access-date=2009-12-17}}</ref> Wasu kuma suna jin tsoron cewa ta hanyar cutar da Hitler ko kuma ɓata masa suna, duk laifin laifukan Nazi Jamus za a iya ɗora masa shi gaba ɗaya, yayin da jama'a da waɗanda ke kan mukamai waɗanda suka ba Hitler damar yin mulki za a cire musu alhakin. An san [[Hannah Arendt]] da ƙirƙirar kalmar "ɓarna daga mugunta"; a shekarar 1963, ta bayyana cewa ga wani mai aikata laifin Nazi a matsayin Adolf Eichmann, daidaiton tunani da ikon yin kisan kai ba su da alaƙa da juna. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Hannah Arendt}}</ref> Harald Welzer ya cimma irin wannan ƙarshe a cikin littafinsa ''Täter.'' ''Wie aus ganz normalen Menschen Massenmörder werden [mai laifi. Yadda talakawa ke zama masu kisan kai]'' . A cikin tarihin rayuwarsa ta 2015, Peter Longerich ya nuna yadda Hitler ya aiwatar da manufofinsa na siyasa a matsayinsa na mai mulkin kama-karya mai ƙarfi, tare da jajircewa, babban shiri na ɗaukar haɗari da kuma iko mara iyaka. <ref>Peter Longerich: ''Hitler. Biographie''. Siedler, Munich 2015, {{ISBN|978-3-8275-0060-1}}</ref> Wasu marubuta sun yi adawa da duk wani yunƙuri na ''bayyana'' Hitler, misali ta hanyar tunani. Claude Lanzmann ya ci gaba da cewa, yana mai cewa irin waɗannan yunƙurin "abin ƙyama ne"; bayan kammala fim ɗinsa ''na Shoah'' (1985), ya ji cewa irin waɗannan yunƙurin sun yi kama da musanta kisan kiyashi, tare da sukar da aka yi wa masanin tarihi Rudolph Binion. Kamar yadda likitan tabin hankali Jan Ehrenwald ya nuna, tambayar da ake yi game da yadda Hitler mai yiwuwa yana da tabin hankali zai iya samun miliyoyin mabiya masu himma waɗanda suka goyi bayan manufofinsa har zuwa 1945 sau da yawa ana yin watsi da su. Daniel Goldhagen ya yi jayayya a shekarar 1996 cewa hawan Hitler a siyasance ba shi da alaƙa da [[Ilimin ƙwaƙwalwa|tabin hankali]], sai dai sakamakon mummunan yanayin zamantakewa da ya kasance a wancan lokacin a Jamus ne. Wasu marubuta sun lura cewa mutane kamar [[Charles Manson]] da Jim Jones, waɗanda aka bayyana a matsayin masu fama da mummunar rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa kamar schizophrenia, duk da haka sun yi nasarar yin tasiri mai yawa ga ƙungiyoyin mabiyansu. Tun da farko, an kuma bayyana ra'ayin cewa Hitler ya iya sarrafa ilimin halinsa da kyau, kuma ya san yadda zai iya amfani da alamunsa don jagorantar motsin zuciyar masu sauraronsa yadda ya kamata. Wasu marubuta sun yi nuni da cewa mabiyan Hitler da kansu sun shiga cikin damuwa ta hankali. Ba a gabatar da shaidar wannan ikirarin ba. A shekara ta 2000, ƙungiyar marubuta masu ra'ayoyi daban-daban, Matussek, Matussek, da Marbach, sun fara tattauna batun yadda ilimin halayyar Hitler na ɗan adam zai iya kasancewa da sha'awar mabiyansa. == Ciwon kai == === Hitler a asibitin soja na Pasewalk (1918) === [[File:Hitler_1921.jpg|thumb| Hitler a shekarar 1921]] Oswald Bumke, likitan tabin hankali kuma wanda ya yi zamani da Hitler, ya ɗauka cewa likitan tabin hankali bai taɓa duba Hitler ba. Likitan tabin hankali kaɗai da Hitler ya gana da shi da kansa - farfesa Kurt Schneider na Munich - ba likitan Hitler ba ne. Duk da cewa an samo takardun likita da suka ba da damar yanke shawara game da lafiyar Hitler kuma an sanya su cikin sauƙi don bincike, akwai rashin takardu na asali waɗanda ke ba da damar tantance yanayin tunaninsa. Hasashe game da yiwuwar kimanta lafiyar Hitler, a rayuwarsa, sun mayar da hankali ne kan zamansa a asibitin sojoji, Pasewalk, a ƙarshen 1918. An kwantar da Hitler a asibiti bayan ya sha gubar iskar mustard, wanda ya fallasa kansa a lokacin yaƙin da aka yi a Flanders . A cikin ''littafin Mein Kampf'', ya ambaci wannan zaman asibiti dangane da makantarsa ta ɗan lokaci mai raɗaɗi, da kuma "masifa" da "hauka" na juyin juya halin Jamus na 1918-19 da kuma shan kayen da Jamus ta sha a [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]], waɗanda ya koya game da su a lokacin murmurewa, wanda ya haifar da sake makanta. Hitler da mawallafin tarihin rayuwarsa na farko, sun lura sosai da ƙarfin martanin da yake bayarwa ga abubuwan tarihi, domin wannan komawa ga makanta ya gano lokacin da Hitler ya ji buƙatar zama ɗan siyasa kuma mai ceton Jamus. Tun a rayuwar Hitler, wasu likitocin tabin hankali sun yanke hukuncin cewa irin wannan koma-baya ba tare da wani bayani na halitta ba dole ne a bayyana shi a matsayin wata alama ta [[Halin da ya fi dacewa|tashin hankali]] . Ganewar cutar damuwa ta kasance mafi girma a zamanin [[Sigmund Freud]] 's psychoanalysis, amma har yanzu ana amfani da ita a shekarun 1930 da 1940. Asarar gabobin ji na daga cikin alamomin da aka saba gani, baya ga son kai da kuma halayen [[Gidan wasan kwaikwayo|wasan kwaikwayo]] . An yi zargin cewa likitan tabin hankali Karl Wilmanns ya ce a cikin wani lacca: "Hitler ya yi wani mummunan yanayi bayan an binne shi da rai a cikin fili"; Daga nan Wilmanns ya rasa matsayinsa a shekarar 1933. Mataimakinsa, Hans Walter Gruhle, ya fuskanci rashin nasara a fannin aiki saboda irin waɗannan kalamai. <ref>Riedesser, P.; Verderber, A. ''"Maschinengewehre hinter der Front". Zur Geschichte der deutschen Militärpsychiatrie'', Fischer: Frankfurt/Main, 1996. {{ISBN|3-935964-52-8}}</ref> A fannin ilimin tabin hankali na zamani, kalmar "hysteria" ba ta da amfani yanzu. A yau, alamun da suka dace suna da alaƙa da rashin daidaituwa ko rashin daidaituwar halayen mutum .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}} Ba a san komai game da zaman Hitler a asibiti ba. Ba a ma tabbatar da irin alamun da aka nuna ba. An riga an yi la'akari da cewa bayanan lafiyar Hitler daga Pasewalk waɗanda za su iya tabbatarwa ko musanta cutar sun ɓace a ƙarshen shekarun 1920. <ref name="Armbruster 2009" /> <ref name="Armbruster2006">Armbruster, Jan. ''Edmund Robert Forster (1878–1933). Lebensweg und Werk eines deutschen Neuropsychiaters'', Matthiesen: Husum, 2006. {{ISBN|978-3-7868-4102-9}}</ref> ==== ''Nazarin Halayyar Dan Adam game da Hitler'' (1943) ==== A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], hukumar leƙen asiri [[Tarayyar Amurka|ta Amurka]], Ofishin Ayyukan Dabaru (OSS), ta tattara bayanai game da halayen Hitler kuma ta umarci ƙungiyar bincike ƙarƙashin jagorancin Walter Charles Langer don ƙirƙirar rahotannin tunani a cikin 1943. A cikin ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan rahotannin, mai taken ''Nazarin Halayyar Hitler'', an ƙirƙiro hasashen cewa likitan hauka Edmund Forster ya yi wa Hitler magani a Pasewalk, wanda a shekarar 1933 ya kashe kansa saboda tsoron ɗaukar fansa. Farkon wannan rahoton shine shaidar likitan tabin hankali Karl Kroner wanda shi ma ya yi aiki a asibiti a shekarar 1918. Kroner ya tabbatar da cewa Forster ya duba Hitler kuma ya gano cewa yana da "jinkirin damuwa". An riƙe rahoton a kulle, amma a farkon shekarun 1970, marubucin tarihin rayuwar Hitler John Toland ya sake gano shi. <ref>Toland, John. ''Adolf Hitler: The Definitive Biography'', 1976. {{ISBN|0-385-42053-6}}</ref> Akalla wasu sun ƙi shaidar Kroner. Jan Armbruster da Peter Theiss-Abendroth (2016) sun rubuta "Bayan da kyar Karl Kroner ya tsere daga sansanin tsare mutane na Jamus, ya ga ya yi masa wahala ya sami abin rayuwa a Iceland saboda ba a amince da takardar shaidar likitancinsa daga hukumomin yankin ba. Don haka, wataƙila ya yi ƙoƙarin hanzarta tsarin bizarsa zuwa Amurka ta hanyar sanya kansa ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba. Ganin yadda aka yi ƙarin bayani da kuma karkacewar da ke cikin labarinsa da kuma matsin lambar da yake fuskanta, zai iya zama shaida ga abubuwa da dama - amma tabbas ba don wani muhimmin al'amari na tarihi kamar wanda ake magana a kai a nan ba." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Theiss-Abendroth |first=Peter |last2=Armbruster |first2=Jan |last3=Theiss-Abendroth |first3=Peter |last4=Armbruster |first4=Jan |date=June 20, 2016 |title=Deconstructing the myth of Pasewalk: Why Adolf Hitler's psychiatric treatment at the end of World War I bears no relevance |journal=Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=56–59 |doi=10.1590/0101-60830000000085 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ==== ''Ni, Mashaidin Ido'' (1963) ==== A shekarar 1939, likita kuma marubuci ɗan ƙasar Austria Ernst Weiss, wanda ya zauna a Faransa a gudun hijira, ya rubuta wani littafi mai suna ''Ich, der Augenzeuge'' ("Ni, mai shaida a ido"), wani labari na tarihin rayuwar wani likita wanda ya warkar da wani soja mai "tsoratarwa" AH daga Braunau wanda ya rasa ganinsa a cikin ramuka. An shirya makircin ne a wani asibiti ''na Reichswehr'' a ƙarshen shekarar 1918. Tunda iliminsa na iya zama haɗari ga 'yan Nazi, an sanya likitan almara a sansanin fursunoni a shekarar 1933 kuma an sake shi ne bayan ya miƙa bayanan lafiyarsa. Weiss ya kashe kansa a shekarar 1940 bayan da sojojin Jamus suka shiga [[Faris|birnin Paris]] . [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ne kuma yana jin tsoron korarsa daga ƙasar. An buga littafinsa a shekarar 1963. An yi imanin cewa ilimin Weiss game da zaman Hitler a asibiti ya fito ne daga littattafan tarihin rayuwa na zamani. ==== Hasashe game da hypnotherapy ==== Farawa da zato na rahoton leƙen asiri da kuma bin littafin Weiss, jerin masu bincike da marubuta sun ci gaba da haifar da zato game da yiwuwar shiga cikin wani maganin hypnosis da aka yi imanin cewa yana da aminci. [1] Waɗannan sake ginawa abin tambaya ne domin ba su bayar da wata sabuwar shaida ba. Sun kuma cire wasu fassarori daga farko, sun yi watsi da mahallin tarihi sosai, kuma sun yi watsi da cewa Forster yana da ra'ayin damuwa wanda zai kai shi ga wasu hanyoyin magani fiye da hypnosis. [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bi0rc4sszeniliinkzt80kch2ugo1di 968194 968114 2026-10-16T10:28:02Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ni, Mashaidin Ido (1963) */ 968194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg|thumb| Hoton shugaban Nazi [[Adolf Hitler]], 1938]] Duk da cewa ba a taɓa gano [[Adolf Hitler]] da wata cuta ta tabin hankali a rayuwarsa ba, sau da yawa ana danganta shi da cututtuka na tabin hankali kamar su [[Cutar bipolar|bipolar disorder]], [[Hauka|schizophrenia]], psychopathy, da amphetamine psychosis, a lokacin rayuwarsa da kuma bayan mutuwarsa . An haɗa matsalolin cikin tarihin rayuwar Hitler. Masana tabin hankali da masu nazarin halayyar dan adam wadanda suka gano cewa mai mulkin kama-karya yana da irin wadannan yanayin kwakwalwa sun hada da fitattun mutane kamar Walter C. Langer da [[Erich Fromm]] . Sauran masu bincike kamar Frederick Redlich ba a shawo kansu cewa Hitler ya tabbatar da irin waɗannan matsaloli ba. == Bayani == === Wahalar da Hitler ya fuskanta a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam === [[File:Adolf_Eichmann,_1942.jpg|thumb| Masanin falsafar Jamus [[Hannah Arendt]], wacce ta halarci shari'ar Adolf Eichmann (wanda aka nuna a hoto) a shekarar 1961, ta yi imanin cewa son aikata [[Kisan kiyashi|kisan kare dangi]] zai iya dacewa da lafiyar kwakwalwa.]] A fannin tabin hankali, binciken cututtuka ya haifar da mummunan suna, musamman binciken cututtuka da aka gudanar ''a baya bayan haka'', ba tare da an yi wa majiyyaci gwajin kai tsaye ba. Har ma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin rashin ɗa'a. A yanayin Hitler, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam yana haifar da matsaloli na musamman. Da farko, marubutan da ke rubutu game da al'amuran Hitler dole ne su magance matsalar da mai karatu mai yiwuwa mai son kallon fina-finai ke karɓar hasashe mafi ƙaranci - kamar abin da ya faru a cikin littafin Lothar Machtan ''mai suna The Hidden Hitler'' (2001). <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Lothar Machtan}}</ref> Wasu marubuta sun yi gargaɗin cewa yin wa Hitler rashin lafiya zai sa ya rasa wasu daga cikin alhakin ayyukansa. <ref name="Armbruster 2009">{{Cite journal |last=Armbruster |first=Jan |date=2009 |title=Die Behandlung Adolf Hitlers im Lazarett Pasewalk 1918: Historische Mythenbildung durch einseitige bzw. spekulative Pathographie |url=http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/8276.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Journal für Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie |location=[[Gablitz|Gablitz, Austria]] |publisher=Krause & Pachernegg |volume=10 |pages=18–22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703083328/http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/8276.pdf |archive-date=2015-07-03 |access-date=2009-12-17}}</ref> Wasu kuma suna jin tsoron cewa ta hanyar cutar da Hitler ko kuma ɓata masa suna, duk laifin laifukan Nazi Jamus za a iya ɗora masa shi gaba ɗaya, yayin da jama'a da waɗanda ke kan mukamai waɗanda suka ba Hitler damar yin mulki za a cire musu alhakin. An san [[Hannah Arendt]] da ƙirƙirar kalmar "ɓarna daga mugunta"; a shekarar 1963, ta bayyana cewa ga wani mai aikata laifin Nazi a matsayin Adolf Eichmann, daidaiton tunani da ikon yin kisan kai ba su da alaƙa da juna. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Hannah Arendt}}</ref> Harald Welzer ya cimma irin wannan ƙarshe a cikin littafinsa ''Täter.'' ''Wie aus ganz normalen Menschen Massenmörder werden [mai laifi. Yadda talakawa ke zama masu kisan kai]'' . A cikin tarihin rayuwarsa ta 2015, Peter Longerich ya nuna yadda Hitler ya aiwatar da manufofinsa na siyasa a matsayinsa na mai mulkin kama-karya mai ƙarfi, tare da jajircewa, babban shiri na ɗaukar haɗari da kuma iko mara iyaka. <ref>Peter Longerich: ''Hitler. Biographie''. Siedler, Munich 2015, {{ISBN|978-3-8275-0060-1}}</ref> Wasu marubuta sun yi adawa da duk wani yunƙuri na ''bayyana'' Hitler, misali ta hanyar tunani. Claude Lanzmann ya ci gaba da cewa, yana mai cewa irin waɗannan yunƙurin "abin ƙyama ne"; bayan kammala fim ɗinsa ''na Shoah'' (1985), ya ji cewa irin waɗannan yunƙurin sun yi kama da musanta kisan kiyashi, tare da sukar da aka yi wa masanin tarihi Rudolph Binion. Kamar yadda likitan tabin hankali Jan Ehrenwald ya nuna, tambayar da ake yi game da yadda Hitler mai yiwuwa yana da tabin hankali zai iya samun miliyoyin mabiya masu himma waɗanda suka goyi bayan manufofinsa har zuwa 1945 sau da yawa ana yin watsi da su. Daniel Goldhagen ya yi jayayya a shekarar 1996 cewa hawan Hitler a siyasance ba shi da alaƙa da [[Ilimin ƙwaƙwalwa|tabin hankali]], sai dai sakamakon mummunan yanayin zamantakewa da ya kasance a wancan lokacin a Jamus ne. Wasu marubuta sun lura cewa mutane kamar [[Charles Manson]] da Jim Jones, waɗanda aka bayyana a matsayin masu fama da mummunar rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa kamar schizophrenia, duk da haka sun yi nasarar yin tasiri mai yawa ga ƙungiyoyin mabiyansu. Tun da farko, an kuma bayyana ra'ayin cewa Hitler ya iya sarrafa ilimin halinsa da kyau, kuma ya san yadda zai iya amfani da alamunsa don jagorantar motsin zuciyar masu sauraronsa yadda ya kamata. Wasu marubuta sun yi nuni da cewa mabiyan Hitler da kansu sun shiga cikin damuwa ta hankali. Ba a gabatar da shaidar wannan ikirarin ba. A shekara ta 2000, ƙungiyar marubuta masu ra'ayoyi daban-daban, Matussek, Matussek, da Marbach, sun fara tattauna batun yadda ilimin halayyar Hitler na ɗan adam zai iya kasancewa da sha'awar mabiyansa. == Ciwon kai == === Hitler a asibitin soja na Pasewalk (1918) === [[File:Hitler_1921.jpg|thumb| Hitler a shekarar 1921]] Oswald Bumke, likitan tabin hankali kuma wanda ya yi zamani da Hitler, ya ɗauka cewa likitan tabin hankali bai taɓa duba Hitler ba. Likitan tabin hankali kaɗai da Hitler ya gana da shi da kansa - farfesa Kurt Schneider na Munich - ba likitan Hitler ba ne. Duk da cewa an samo takardun likita da suka ba da damar yanke shawara game da lafiyar Hitler kuma an sanya su cikin sauƙi don bincike, akwai rashin takardu na asali waɗanda ke ba da damar tantance yanayin tunaninsa. Hasashe game da yiwuwar kimanta lafiyar Hitler, a rayuwarsa, sun mayar da hankali ne kan zamansa a asibitin sojoji, Pasewalk, a ƙarshen 1918. An kwantar da Hitler a asibiti bayan ya sha gubar iskar mustard, wanda ya fallasa kansa a lokacin yaƙin da aka yi a Flanders . A cikin ''littafin Mein Kampf'', ya ambaci wannan zaman asibiti dangane da makantarsa ta ɗan lokaci mai raɗaɗi, da kuma "masifa" da "hauka" na juyin juya halin Jamus na 1918-19 da kuma shan kayen da Jamus ta sha a [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]], waɗanda ya koya game da su a lokacin murmurewa, wanda ya haifar da sake makanta. Hitler da mawallafin tarihin rayuwarsa na farko, sun lura sosai da ƙarfin martanin da yake bayarwa ga abubuwan tarihi, domin wannan komawa ga makanta ya gano lokacin da Hitler ya ji buƙatar zama ɗan siyasa kuma mai ceton Jamus. Tun a rayuwar Hitler, wasu likitocin tabin hankali sun yanke hukuncin cewa irin wannan koma-baya ba tare da wani bayani na halitta ba dole ne a bayyana shi a matsayin wata alama ta [[Halin da ya fi dacewa|tashin hankali]] . Ganewar cutar damuwa ta kasance mafi girma a zamanin [[Sigmund Freud]] 's psychoanalysis, amma har yanzu ana amfani da ita a shekarun 1930 da 1940. Asarar gabobin ji na daga cikin alamomin da aka saba gani, baya ga son kai da kuma halayen [[Gidan wasan kwaikwayo|wasan kwaikwayo]] . An yi zargin cewa likitan tabin hankali Karl Wilmanns ya ce a cikin wani lacca: "Hitler ya yi wani mummunan yanayi bayan an binne shi da rai a cikin fili"; Daga nan Wilmanns ya rasa matsayinsa a shekarar 1933. Mataimakinsa, Hans Walter Gruhle, ya fuskanci rashin nasara a fannin aiki saboda irin waɗannan kalamai. <ref>Riedesser, P.; Verderber, A. ''"Maschinengewehre hinter der Front". Zur Geschichte der deutschen Militärpsychiatrie'', Fischer: Frankfurt/Main, 1996. {{ISBN|3-935964-52-8}}</ref> A fannin ilimin tabin hankali na zamani, kalmar "hysteria" ba ta da amfani yanzu. A yau, alamun da suka dace suna da alaƙa da rashin daidaituwa ko rashin daidaituwar halayen mutum .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}} Ba a san komai game da zaman Hitler a asibiti ba. Ba a ma tabbatar da irin alamun da aka nuna ba. An riga an yi la'akari da cewa bayanan lafiyar Hitler daga Pasewalk waɗanda za su iya tabbatarwa ko musanta cutar sun ɓace a ƙarshen shekarun 1920. <ref name="Armbruster 2009" /> <ref name="Armbruster2006">Armbruster, Jan. ''Edmund Robert Forster (1878–1933). Lebensweg und Werk eines deutschen Neuropsychiaters'', Matthiesen: Husum, 2006. {{ISBN|978-3-7868-4102-9}}</ref> ==== ''Nazarin Halayyar Dan Adam game da Hitler'' (1943) ==== A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], hukumar leƙen asiri [[Tarayyar Amurka|ta Amurka]], Ofishin Ayyukan Dabaru (OSS), ta tattara bayanai game da halayen Hitler kuma ta umarci ƙungiyar bincike ƙarƙashin jagorancin Walter Charles Langer don ƙirƙirar rahotannin tunani a cikin 1943. A cikin ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan rahotannin, mai taken ''Nazarin Halayyar Hitler'', an ƙirƙiro hasashen cewa likitan hauka Edmund Forster ya yi wa Hitler magani a Pasewalk, wanda a shekarar 1933 ya kashe kansa saboda tsoron ɗaukar fansa. Farkon wannan rahoton shine shaidar likitan tabin hankali Karl Kroner wanda shi ma ya yi aiki a asibiti a shekarar 1918. Kroner ya tabbatar da cewa Forster ya duba Hitler kuma ya gano cewa yana da "jinkirin damuwa". An riƙe rahoton a kulle, amma a farkon shekarun 1970, marubucin tarihin rayuwar Hitler John Toland ya sake gano shi. <ref>Toland, John. ''Adolf Hitler: The Definitive Biography'', 1976. {{ISBN|0-385-42053-6}}</ref> Akalla wasu sun ƙi shaidar Kroner. Jan Armbruster da Peter Theiss-Abendroth (2016) sun rubuta "Bayan da kyar Karl Kroner ya tsere daga sansanin tsare mutane na Jamus, ya ga ya yi masa wahala ya sami abin rayuwa a Iceland saboda ba a amince da takardar shaidar likitancinsa daga hukumomin yankin ba. Don haka, wataƙila ya yi ƙoƙarin hanzarta tsarin bizarsa zuwa Amurka ta hanyar sanya kansa ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba. Ganin yadda aka yi ƙarin bayani da kuma karkacewar da ke cikin labarinsa da kuma matsin lambar da yake fuskanta, zai iya zama shaida ga abubuwa da dama - amma tabbas ba don wani muhimmin al'amari na tarihi kamar wanda ake magana a kai a nan ba." <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Theiss-Abendroth |first=Peter |last2=Armbruster |first2=Jan |last3=Theiss-Abendroth |first3=Peter |last4=Armbruster |first4=Jan |date=June 20, 2016 |title=Deconstructing the myth of Pasewalk: Why Adolf Hitler's psychiatric treatment at the end of World War I bears no relevance |journal=Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=56–59 |doi=10.1590/0101-60830000000085 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ==== ''Ni, Mashaidin Ido'' (1963) ==== A shekarar alif 1939, likita kuma marubuci ɗan ƙasar Austria Ernst Weiss, wanda ya zauna a Faransa a gudun hijira, ya rubuta wani littafi mai suna ''Ich, der Augenzeuge'' ("Ni, mai shaida a ido"), wani labari na tarihin rayuwar wani likita wanda ya warkar da wani soja mai "tsoratarwa" AH daga Braunau wanda ya rasa ganinsa a cikin ramuka. An shirya makircin ne a wani asibiti ''na Reichswehr'' a ƙarshen shekarar 1918. Tunda iliminsa na iya zama haɗari ga 'yan Nazi, an sanya likitan almara a sansanin fursunoni a shekarar 1933 kuma an sake shi ne bayan ya miƙa bayanan lafiyarsa. Weiss ya kashe kansa a shekarar 1940 bayan da sojojin Jamus suka shiga [[Faris|birnin Paris]] . [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ne kuma yana jin tsoron korarsa daga ƙasar. An buga littafinsa a shekarar 1963. An yi imanin cewa ilimin Weiss game da zaman Hitler a asibiti ya fito ne daga littattafan tarihin rayuwa na zamani. ==== Hasashe game da hypnotherapy ==== Farawa da zato na rahoton leƙen asiri da kuma bin littafin Weiss, jerin masu bincike da marubuta sun ci gaba da haifar da zato game da yiwuwar shiga cikin wani maganin hypnosis da aka yi imanin cewa yana da aminci. [1] Waɗannan sake ginawa abin tambaya ne domin ba su bayar da wata sabuwar shaida ba. Sun kuma cire wasu fassarori daga farko, sun yi watsi da mahallin tarihi sosai, kuma sun yi watsi da cewa Forster yana da ra'ayin damuwa wanda zai kai shi ga wasu hanyoyin magani fiye da hypnosis. [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] swo29xy5url4n09bsmt4llrzjf92i3k 0 179345 968115 2026-10-16T09:46:54Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 968115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wurin Ajiyar Dajin Shasha''' wani [[wurin ajiyar daji]] ne da ke kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]], a tsayin {{convert|146|metre|abbr=off}} sama da matakin teku.<ref>{{cite web|title=Omo-Oluwa-Shasha Forest Reserve|url=http://ncfnigeria.org/news-publications/ncf-news/item/32-omo-oluwa-shasha-forest-reserve|accessdate=4 April 2017|language=en-gb|archive-date=16 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016235922/http://ncfnigeria.org/news-publications/ncf-news/item/32-omo-oluwa-shasha-forest-reserve|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yana a ma'aunin wurin (7° 4' 60 N 4° 30' 0 E). Wannan yanki yana da muhimmancin musamman ta fuskar bambancin halittu. An fuskanci barazanar sare dazuzzuka da farautar namun daji fiye da kima, saboda haka aka shigar da yankin cikin shirin kariya tun daga shekarar 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Omo-Oluwa-Shasha Forest Reserve|url=https://www.ncfnigeria.org/careers/item/32-omo-oluwa-shasha-forest-reserve|access-date=5 February 2021|website=www.ncfnigeria.org|language=en-gb}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> == Duba kuma == *[[Wurin Ajiyar Dajin Oluwa]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == *{{cite web|title=Shasha Forest Reserve (forest reserve)|url=http://ng.geoview.info/shasha_forest_reserve,2323314|website=ng.geoview.info|language=en}} {{Protected areas of Nigeria}} {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} {{Africa-protected-area-stub}} nreq2in89ez52qi919qzq05lpuuq1tk 0 179346 968116 2026-10-16T09:48:18Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371988041|William C. Menninger]]" 968116 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Claire Menninger''' (15 ga Oktoba, 1899 - 6 ga Satumba, 1966) ya kasance tare da ɗan'uwansa Karl da mahaifinsa na Gidauniyar Menninger da ke Topeka, Kansas, wata cibiya da aka sani a duniya don magance matsalolin ɗabi'a . == Rayuwa da aiki == === Rayuwar farko da ilimi === An haifi Menninger a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 1899, a Topeka, Kansas, ɗan Florence Vesta (Kinsley) da Charles Frederick Menninger . <ref name="KHSWilliam">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=William Claire Menninger |url=http://www.kshs.org/camp/units/view/224188 |access-date=July 6, 2015 |website= |publisher=Kansas Historical Society |quote=William Claire Menninger was born on October 15, 1899, at Topeka, Kansas, to Dr. C. F. Menninger and Flo Knisely Menninger.}}</ref> Yana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu: Karl da Edwin. Menninger ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Washburn a shekarar 1919, sannan ya bi mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa zuwa aikin likitanci. A shekarar 1924, ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Likitanci ta Jami'ar Cornell da ke Jihar New York. Bayan kammala aikin horo na tsawon shekaru biyu a Asibitin Bellevue, ya yi karatun tabin hankali a Asibitin St. Elizabeths da ke [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], a shekarar 1927. === Aure da iyali === Menninger ya auri Catherine Wright a ranar 11 ga Disamba, 1925. Sun haifi 'ya'ya maza uku tare: Roy W. Menninger, Philip B. Menninger, da W. Walter Menninger . Daga baya kowannensu ya fara aiki a ƙungiyar ' yan Scout ta Boy Scouts, inda ya kai matsayin ' yan Scout ta Eagle, kuma kowannensu ya sami lambar yabo ta Distinguished Eagle Scout . === Ilimin halin tabin hankali === A shekarar 1927 Menninger ya koma Topeka, inda ya haɗu da mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa Karl a fannin likitanci. A lokacin, sun riga sun fara ƙwarewa a fannin ilimin tabin hankali, wani sabon fanni a Amurka. Tare da gudummawarsa, Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Menninger ta rikide zuwa Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Menninger. Tare suka ƙirƙiro Gidauniyar Menninger. Wannan ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta samar da ayyukan asibiti ga marasa lafiya da ke cikin gida da kuma waɗanda ke waje, kuma tana shiga cikin bincike, ilimi, da kuma wayar da kan jama'a. Menninger ƙwararren mai ƙirƙira ne kuma mai fafutukar amfani da maganin bibliotherapy wajen magance cututtukan tabin hankali. Tare da ɗan'uwansa Karl, Menninger ya yi amfani da maganin bibliotherapy a asibitin Menninger. Bayan nasarar littafin Karl, ''The Human Mind'', Menninger ya gabatar da wata takarda ga Ƙungiyar Masu Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka a shekarar 1937. === Matasan 'Yan Scout === Menninger ya shiga cikin shirin 'Yan Scouts of America's Sea Scouts a shekarun 1930. Ya kasance kyaftin na SSS ''Kansan'', wanda shi ne Tutar Kasa ta 1931 da 1933. An yi amfani da littafin jagorar da ya rubuta wa Kansas Sea Scouts daga baya a matsayin tushen ''littafin Jagorar BSA ga Skippers'' . Menninger kuma memba ne na Kwamitin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Ƙasa a wannan lokacin. Kowanne daga cikin 'ya'yansa maza uku ya fara aiki a Scouts, inda ya kai matsayin Eagle Scout. === Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu === A farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], Menninger ya bar gidauniyar iyali don naɗa shi darektan Sashen Masu Ba da Shawara kan Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a ofishin Babban Likitan Hannu na Rundunar Sojan Amurka . Ya jagoranci kwamitin da ya samar da takardar ''Medical 203'', wani babban bita kan rarrabuwar cututtukan tabin hankali da ake da su a Amurka. Duk rundunar soji ta karɓe shi. Bayan yaƙin, wannan takarda ta yi tasiri sosai ga ɓangaren farko na cututtukan kwakwalwa na Rarraba Cututtuka na Ƙasa da Ƙasa da aka buga a shekarar 1949. Ana iya ganin tasirinsa sosai a cikin Littafin Bincike da Ƙididdiga na Cututtukan Hankali na farko, wanda aka buga a 1952. [1] Menninger ya sami matsayin birgediya janar (O-7) a rundunar sojin Amurka. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1966]] f9ag3dtil15e0rynma44apbmxlg3vai 968117 968116 2026-10-16T09:48:37Z Sardeeq 39275 968117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Claire Menninger''' (15 ga Oktoba, 1899 - 6 ga Satumba, 1966) ya kasance tare da ɗan'uwansa Karl da mahaifinsa na Gidauniyar Menninger da ke Topeka, Kansas, wata cibiya da aka sani a duniya don magance matsalolin ɗabi'a . == Rayuwa da aiki == === Rayuwar farko da ilimi === An haifi Menninger a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 1899, a Topeka, Kansas, ɗan Florence Vesta (Kinsley) da Charles Frederick Menninger . <ref name="KHSWilliam">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=William Claire Menninger |url=http://www.kshs.org/camp/units/view/224188 |access-date=July 6, 2015 |website= |publisher=Kansas Historical Society |quote=William Claire Menninger was born on October 15, 1899, at Topeka, Kansas, to Dr. C. F. Menninger and Flo Knisely Menninger.}}</ref> Yana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu: Karl da Edwin. Menninger ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Washburn a shekarar 1919, sannan ya bi mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa zuwa aikin likitanci. A shekarar 1924, ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Likitanci ta Jami'ar Cornell da ke Jihar New York. Bayan kammala aikin horo na tsawon shekaru biyu a Asibitin Bellevue, ya yi karatun tabin hankali a Asibitin St. Elizabeths da ke [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], a shekarar 1927. === Aure da iyali === Menninger ya auri Catherine Wright a ranar 11 ga Disamba, 1925. Sun haifi 'ya'ya maza uku tare: Roy W. Menninger, Philip B. Menninger, da W. Walter Menninger . Daga baya kowannensu ya fara aiki a ƙungiyar ' yan Scout ta Boy Scouts, inda ya kai matsayin ' yan Scout ta Eagle, kuma kowannensu ya sami lambar yabo ta Distinguished Eagle Scout . === Ilimin halin tabin hankali === A shekarar 1927 Menninger ya koma Topeka, inda ya haɗu da mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa Karl a fannin likitanci. A lokacin, sun riga sun fara ƙwarewa a fannin ilimin tabin hankali, wani sabon fanni a Amurka. Tare da gudummawarsa, Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Menninger ta rikide zuwa Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Menninger. Tare suka ƙirƙiro Gidauniyar Menninger. Wannan ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta samar da ayyukan asibiti ga marasa lafiya da ke cikin gida da kuma waɗanda ke waje, kuma tana shiga cikin bincike, ilimi, da kuma wayar da kan jama'a. Menninger ƙwararren mai ƙirƙira ne kuma mai fafutukar amfani da maganin bibliotherapy wajen magance cututtukan tabin hankali. Tare da ɗan'uwansa Karl, Menninger ya yi amfani da maganin bibliotherapy a asibitin Menninger. Bayan nasarar littafin Karl, ''The Human Mind'', Menninger ya gabatar da wata takarda ga Ƙungiyar Masu Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka a shekarar 1937. === Matasan 'Yan Scout === Menninger ya shiga cikin shirin 'Yan Scouts of America's Sea Scouts a shekarun 1930. Ya kasance kyaftin na SSS ''Kansan'', wanda shi ne Tutar Kasa ta 1931 da 1933. An yi amfani da littafin jagorar da ya rubuta wa Kansas Sea Scouts daga baya a matsayin tushen ''littafin Jagorar BSA ga Skippers'' . Menninger kuma memba ne na Kwamitin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Ƙasa a wannan lokacin. Kowanne daga cikin 'ya'yansa maza uku ya fara aiki a Scouts, inda ya kai matsayin Eagle Scout. === Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu === A farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], Menninger ya bar gidauniyar iyali don naɗa shi darektan Sashen Masu Ba da Shawara kan Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a ofishin Babban Likitan Hannu na Rundunar Sojan Amurka . Ya jagoranci kwamitin da ya samar da takardar ''Medical 203'', wani babban bita kan rarrabuwar cututtukan tabin hankali da ake da su a Amurka. Duk rundunar soji ta karɓe shi. Bayan yaƙin, wannan takarda ta yi tasiri sosai ga ɓangaren farko na cututtukan kwakwalwa na Rarraba Cututtuka na Ƙasa da Ƙasa da aka buga a shekarar 1949. Ana iya ganin tasirinsa sosai a cikin Littafin Bincike da Ƙididdiga na Cututtukan Hankali na farko, wanda aka buga a 1952. [1] Menninger ya sami matsayin birgediya janar (O-7) a rundunar sojin Amurka. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1966]] 6t1taa7jchpuu4z7icu8x7u8m228dod 0 179347 968118 2026-10-16T09:49:52Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 968118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oyan''' wani gari ne da ke cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar Ci Gaban Yanki ta Odo Otin ta Arewa (Odo Otin North Local Council Development Authority), a [[Jihar Osun]], Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-12-26 |title=Osun monarch calls for peace |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/osun-monarch-calls-peace/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-10 |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.odo-otin.os.gov.ng/index.php/about-odo-otin-local-government/traditional-rulers/108-the-oloyan-of-oyan |title=The Oloyan of Oyan | Odo-Otin Local Government, Osun State |publisher=Odo-otin.os.gov.ng |date=2012-07-24 |accessdate=2014-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808051324/http://www.odo-otin.os.gov.ng/index.php/about-odo-otin-local-government/traditional-rulers/108-the-oloyan-of-oyan |archive-date=2014-08-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sunan sarautar gargajiya ta sarkin garin shi ne Mai Martaba Oloyan na Oyan (His Royal Majesty, HRM). Akwai manyan gidajen sarauta guda huɗu a Oyan.<ref name=":0" /> Waɗannan su ne gidan sarautar Elemo, gidan sarautar Olaojo, gidan sarautar Daodu, da gidan sarautar Olomooba.<ref name=":0" /> Oyan yana tsakanin latitid na 8.031089 da 8.060466 a arewa, da kuma longitid na 4.742298 da 4.781107 a gabashin layin Greenwich. Lambar gidan waya ta garin ita ce 231107.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oyan, Odo-Otin - Postcode - 231107 - Nigeria Postcode |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/osun-odo-otin-asi-asaba-oyan-oyan.html |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=www.nigeriapostcode.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Wuraren zama a Jihar Osun]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} 9vkx2ezv2d3w3ss459bhyli1z11hfy6 968200 968118 2026-10-16T10:31:28Z Kamaf001 48297 968200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oyan''' wani gari ne da ke cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar Ci Gaban Yanki ta Odo Otin ta Arewa (Odo Otin North Local Council Development Authority), a [[Jihar Osun]], kasar Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-12-26 |title=Osun monarch calls for peace |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/osun-monarch-calls-peace/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-10 |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.odo-otin.os.gov.ng/index.php/about-odo-otin-local-government/traditional-rulers/108-the-oloyan-of-oyan |title=The Oloyan of Oyan | Odo-Otin Local Government, Osun State |publisher=Odo-otin.os.gov.ng |date=2012-07-24 |accessdate=2014-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808051324/http://www.odo-otin.os.gov.ng/index.php/about-odo-otin-local-government/traditional-rulers/108-the-oloyan-of-oyan |archive-date=2014-08-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sunan sarautar gargajiya ta sarkin garin shi ne Mai Martaba Oloyan na Oyan (His Royal Majesty, HRM). Akwai manyan gidajen sarauta guda huɗu a Oyan.<ref name=":0" /> Waɗannan su ne gidan sarautar Elemo, gidan sarautar Olaojo, gidan sarautar Daodu, da gidan sarautar Olomooba.<ref name=":0" /> Oyan yana tsakanin latitid na 8.031089 da 8.060466 a arewa, da kuma longitid na 4.742298 da 4.781107 a gabashin layin Greenwich. Lambar gidan waya ta garin ita ce 231107.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oyan, Odo-Otin - Postcode - 231107 - Nigeria Postcode |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/osun-odo-otin-asi-asaba-oyan-oyan.html |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=www.nigeriapostcode.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Wuraren zama a Jihar Osun]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} q4xi3t753aqi1b2wqmi1ivqjzj0sgz4 0 179348 968121 2026-10-16T09:52:27Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379911898|Karl Menninger]]" 968121 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karl Augustus Menninger''' (22 ga Yuli, 1893 &#x2013; 18 ga Yuli, 1990) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Amurka, marubuci, kuma mai fafutuka. Ya kasance memba na dangin likitocin tabin hankali na Menninger waɗanda suka kafa Gidauniyar Menninger da Asibitin Menninger da ke Topeka, Kansas . Ya rubuta littattafai da yawa, ciki har da ''The Human Mind'' (1930), ''Man Against Hisself'' (1938), ''Love Against Hate'' (1942), ''The Vital Balance'' (1963) da kuma ''The Crime of Punishment'' (1968). A lokacin rayuwarsa, ya yi fafutukar kare haƙƙoƙin yara da dama, ciki har da yara da ke fama da cin zarafi ko sakaci, 'yan asalin Amurka, haƙƙin mata, fursunoni, tsofaffi, muhalli, namun daji, da kuma yaƙi da makaman nukiliya. Duk da cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun likitocin tabin hankali a lokacinsa, ya kasance baƙo ga manyan likitocin tabin hankali, yana kiran DSM-II da " Manual of Witches Hammer Manual ." == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Menninger a ranar 22 ga Yuli, 1893, a Topeka, Kansas, ɗan Florence Vesta (Kinsley) da Charles Frederick Menninger . Baya ga karatu a Jami'ar Washburn, Jami'ar Indiana da Jami'ar Wisconsin–Madison, ya kuma karanci likitanci a Makarantar Likitanci ta Harvard . Ya kammala karatunsa a makarantar a <nowiki><i id="mwJw">shekarar</i></nowiki> 1917. <ref name="KHSKarl">{{Cite web |title=Papers of Karl Augustus Menninger |url=http://www.kshs.org/camp/units/view/223900 |access-date=July 6, 2015 |publisher=Kansas Historical Society |quote=Karl Augustus Menninger was born in Topeka, Kansas on July 22, 1893, the eldest of three sons born to Charles Frederick and Flo Knisely Menninger.}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Washburn, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Alpha Delta Fraternity, wata ƙungiya ta gida. A shekarar 1960 aka shigar da shi cikin ƙungiyar girmamawa ta Sagamore ta makarantar. Bayan horon aikin sa da kuma hidimar sa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Menninger ya yi aiki a Asibitin Psychopathic na Boston a ƙarƙashin Elmer Ernest Southard yayin da yake kuma koyar da cututtukan jijiyoyi a Makarantar Likitanci ta Harvard. Zai ci gaba da zama har zuwa mutuwar Southard a shekarar 1919 == Asibitin Menninger, Gidauniya da Makaranta == A shekarar 1919, ya koma Topeka inda, tare da mahaifinsa, ya kafa asibitin Menninger. Zuwa shekarar 1925, sun jawo hankalin masu zuba jari isassu, ciki har da ɗan'uwa William C. Menninger, don gina Cibiyar Sanitarium ta Menninger. <ref name="Gaylord">{{Cite web |last=Gaylord |first=Kristina |date=July 2011 |title=Karl Menninger |url=https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/karl-menninger/17218 |access-date=July 6, 2015 |website=Kansapedia |publisher=Kansas Historical Society |quote=In 1925 Will Menninger joined his father and brother in the practice, which they renamed the Menninger Sanitarium, and relocated to a 20-acre site.}}</ref> An kafa Gidauniyar Menninger a shekarar 1941. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], Karl Menninger ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Asibitin Gudanar da Tsoffin Sojoji na Lokacin Sanyi, a Topeka. Ta zama babbar cibiyar horar da masu tabin hankali a duniya. Duk da cewa asibitin yana ɗauke da masu sharhi kan Freudian, babu wani alƙawarin da aka yi na yin kowace irin magani da kuma imani da muhimmancin magani na yanayi mai dumi da kulawa. A shekarar 1946 ya kafa Makarantar Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Menninger. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban makarantar har zuwa shekarar 1970. An sake masa suna a shekarar 1985 zuwa Makarantar Kimiyyar Lafiyar Hankali da Lafiyar Hankali ta Karl Menninger don girmama shi. A shekarar 1952, Karl Targownik, wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin abokansa na kud da kud, ya shiga Asibitin. == Sauran ayyukan tabin hankali == A shekarar 1930, ya rubuta littafinsa na farko ''mai suna The Human Mind'', inda ya yi jayayya cewa ilimin tabin hankali kimiyya ce kuma masu tabin hankali sun ɗan bambanta da mutane masu lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2, 1927 |title=The Human Mind |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.218476 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Duk da cewa an buga littafin ''Man Against Hisself'' ne kawai da sunan Menninger, ya kuma yaba da gudummawar da Jeanetta Lyle, babbar sakatariyar asibitin Menninger ta bayar a wancan lokacin, game da littafin. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin aƙalla kwafin littafin guda ɗaya, ya rubuta littafin ga Jean Lyle, yana kiranta da "marubuciyarsa". Daga 1941-1942 ya yi aiki na tsawon lokaci a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar American Psychoanalytic Association (APsA). A cikin littafinsa na 1963, The Vital Balance, shi da abokan aikinsa sun yi jayayya da ganewar asali domin suna wanzuwa a fannin tabin hankali. Duk da cewa ba wai kawai an ce rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa tatsuniya ce ba, littafin ya yi magana game da rashin tsari na kwakwalwa a matsayin wanda aka fi fahimta kuma za a iya murmurewa fiye da yadda ake gani a fannin ilimin tabin hankali na yau da kullun. [1] An ɗauke shi a matsayin wanda ba ya son ilimin tabin hankali, misali yana kiran DSM-II na 1968 a matsayin " Manual of Witches Hammer " na zamani. Shi ma, duk da kiran kansa "ya fi Freud Freud [[Sigmund Freud|Freudian]] " bai yi sha'awar koyarwar wannan al'adar ba, yana mai kiran nazarin halayyar ɗan adam da aka tsara a matsayin "Vatican". Daga 1946 zuwa 1962, farfesa ne a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Kansas City A ƙarshen rayuwarsa, ya kuma koyar da ilimin laifuka, tsaftar kwakwalwa da kuma ilimin tabin hankali na rashin daidaituwa a Jami'ar Washburn. A shekarar 1971, ya halarci wani taron nazarin halayyar ɗan adam a Vienna inda ya yi magana da Anna Freud, 'yar [[Sigmund Freud]] . Dukansu suna da sha'awar [[Kula da kwakwalwa ga yara da matasa|ilimin tabin hankali na yara]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d09oiutj7zxscfpgp19k6ve6jk350ar 968123 968121 2026-10-16T09:52:53Z Sardeeq 39275 968123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Karl Augustus Menninger''' (22 ga Yuli, 1893 &#x2013; 18 ga Yuli, 1990) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Amurka, marubuci, kuma mai fafutuka. Ya kasance memba na dangin likitocin tabin hankali na Menninger waɗanda suka kafa Gidauniyar Menninger da Asibitin Menninger da ke Topeka, Kansas . Ya rubuta littattafai da yawa, ciki har da ''The Human Mind'' (1930), ''Man Against Hisself'' (1938), ''Love Against Hate'' (1942), ''The Vital Balance'' (1963) da kuma ''The Crime of Punishment'' (1968). A lokacin rayuwarsa, ya yi fafutukar kare haƙƙoƙin yara da dama, ciki har da yara da ke fama da cin zarafi ko sakaci, 'yan asalin Amurka, haƙƙin mata, fursunoni, tsofaffi, muhalli, namun daji, da kuma yaƙi da makaman nukiliya. Duk da cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun likitocin tabin hankali a lokacinsa, ya kasance baƙo ga manyan likitocin tabin hankali, yana kiran DSM-II da " Manual of Witches Hammer Manual ." == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Menninger a ranar 22 ga Yuli, 1893, a Topeka, Kansas, ɗan Florence Vesta (Kinsley) da Charles Frederick Menninger . Baya ga karatu a Jami'ar Washburn, Jami'ar Indiana da Jami'ar Wisconsin–Madison, ya kuma karanci likitanci a Makarantar Likitanci ta Harvard . Ya kammala karatunsa a makarantar a <nowiki><i id="mwJw">shekarar</i></nowiki> 1917. <ref name="KHSKarl">{{Cite web |title=Papers of Karl Augustus Menninger |url=http://www.kshs.org/camp/units/view/223900 |access-date=July 6, 2015 |publisher=Kansas Historical Society |quote=Karl Augustus Menninger was born in Topeka, Kansas on July 22, 1893, the eldest of three sons born to Charles Frederick and Flo Knisely Menninger.}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Washburn, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Alpha Delta Fraternity, wata ƙungiya ta gida. A shekarar 1960 aka shigar da shi cikin ƙungiyar girmamawa ta Sagamore ta makarantar. Bayan horon aikin sa da kuma hidimar sa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Menninger ya yi aiki a Asibitin Psychopathic na Boston a ƙarƙashin Elmer Ernest Southard yayin da yake kuma koyar da cututtukan jijiyoyi a Makarantar Likitanci ta Harvard. Zai ci gaba da zama har zuwa mutuwar Southard a shekarar 1919 == Asibitin Menninger, Gidauniya da Makaranta == A shekarar 1919, ya koma Topeka inda, tare da mahaifinsa, ya kafa asibitin Menninger. Zuwa shekarar 1925, sun jawo hankalin masu zuba jari isassu, ciki har da ɗan'uwa William C. Menninger, don gina Cibiyar Sanitarium ta Menninger. <ref name="Gaylord">{{Cite web |last=Gaylord |first=Kristina |date=July 2011 |title=Karl Menninger |url=https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/karl-menninger/17218 |access-date=July 6, 2015 |website=Kansapedia |publisher=Kansas Historical Society |quote=In 1925 Will Menninger joined his father and brother in the practice, which they renamed the Menninger Sanitarium, and relocated to a 20-acre site.}}</ref> An kafa Gidauniyar Menninger a shekarar 1941. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], Karl Menninger ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Asibitin Gudanar da Tsoffin Sojoji na Lokacin Sanyi, a Topeka. Ta zama babbar cibiyar horar da masu tabin hankali a duniya. Duk da cewa asibitin yana ɗauke da masu sharhi kan Freudian, babu wani alƙawarin da aka yi na yin kowace irin magani da kuma imani da muhimmancin magani na yanayi mai dumi da kulawa. A shekarar 1946 ya kafa Makarantar Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Menninger. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban makarantar har zuwa shekarar 1970. An sake masa suna a shekarar 1985 zuwa Makarantar Kimiyyar Lafiyar Hankali da Lafiyar Hankali ta Karl Menninger don girmama shi. A shekarar 1952, Karl Targownik, wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin abokansa na kud da kud, ya shiga Asibitin. == Sauran ayyukan tabin hankali == A shekarar 1930, ya rubuta littafinsa na farko ''mai suna The Human Mind'', inda ya yi jayayya cewa ilimin tabin hankali kimiyya ce kuma masu tabin hankali sun ɗan bambanta da mutane masu lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2, 1927 |title=The Human Mind |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.218476 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Duk da cewa an buga littafin ''Man Against Hisself'' ne kawai da sunan Menninger, ya kuma yaba da gudummawar da Jeanetta Lyle, babbar sakatariyar asibitin Menninger ta bayar a wancan lokacin, game da littafin. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin aƙalla kwafin littafin guda ɗaya, ya rubuta littafin ga Jean Lyle, yana kiranta da "marubuciyarsa". Daga 1941-1942 ya yi aiki na tsawon lokaci a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar American Psychoanalytic Association (APsA). A cikin littafinsa na 1963, The Vital Balance, shi da abokan aikinsa sun yi jayayya da ganewar asali domin suna wanzuwa a fannin tabin hankali. Duk da cewa ba wai kawai an ce rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa tatsuniya ce ba, littafin ya yi magana game da rashin tsari na kwakwalwa a matsayin wanda aka fi fahimta kuma za a iya murmurewa fiye da yadda ake gani a fannin ilimin tabin hankali na yau da kullun. [1] An ɗauke shi a matsayin wanda ba ya son ilimin tabin hankali, misali yana kiran DSM-II na 1968 a matsayin " Manual of Witches Hammer " na zamani. Shi ma, duk da kiran kansa "ya fi Freud Freud [[Sigmund Freud|Freudian]] " bai yi sha'awar koyarwar wannan al'adar ba, yana mai kiran nazarin halayyar ɗan adam da aka tsara a matsayin "Vatican". Daga 1946 zuwa 1962, farfesa ne a fannin ilimin tabin hankali a Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Kansas City A ƙarshen rayuwarsa, ya kuma koyar da ilimin laifuka, tsaftar kwakwalwa da kuma ilimin tabin hankali na rashin daidaituwa a Jami'ar Washburn. A shekarar 1971, ya halarci wani taron nazarin halayyar ɗan adam a Vienna inda ya yi magana da Anna Freud, 'yar [[Sigmund Freud]] . Dukansu suna da sha'awar [[Kula da kwakwalwa ga yara da matasa|ilimin tabin hankali na yara]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] snzy2ebfchyzxs1cvhp7uww1s7kqyjh 0 179349 968122 2026-10-16T09:52:47Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 968122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Uruagu''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Chinwoke 01-Uruagu.wav|Saurara|help=no}} gari ne da ke a [[Nnewi North]], [[Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=History - The Official Nnewi City Portal|url=http://www.nnewi.info/nnewi-history|website = www.nnewi.info|access-date=2015-09-17|first=Anthony-Claret|last=Onwutalobi}}</ref> Uruagu shi ne yanki na biyu cikin yankuna huɗu na garin [[Nnewi]]. Sauran yankunan uku su ne [[Otolo]], [[Umudim]] da [[Nnewichi]]. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Nnewi]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} oy82jleuug0dl9y1fpb25ni0i9ry7ax 0 179350 968125 2026-10-16T09:54:31Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353802903|Menninger Foundation]]" 968125 wikitext text/x-wiki An kafa '''Gidauniyar Menninger''' a shekarar 1919 ta hannun iyalan Menninger a Topeka, Kansas . Gidauniyar Menninger, wacce aka fi sani da Menninger's, ta ƙunshi asibiti, wurin kula da marasa lafiya, da kuma makarantar kula da masu tabin hankali, waɗanda duk suna ɗauke da sunan Menninger. Menninger's ya ƙunshi harabar jami'a a lamba 5800 SW 6th Avenue a Topeka, Kansas wanda ya haɗa da wurin waha da sauran gine-ginen da aka ambata a sama. A shekara ta 2003, asibitin Menninger ya koma [[Houston]] . An fara kafa wannan gidauniyar a shekarar 1919 ta hannun Charles F. Menninger da 'ya'yansa maza, Karl Menninger da William Menninger . Ya wakilci aikin farko na ƙungiyar masu tabin hankali . == Tarihi == An kafa asibitin Menninger, wanda aka fi sani da asibitin tunawa na CF Menninger, a shekarun 1920 a Topeka, Kansas. An kafa Cibiyar Sanitarium ta Menninger a shekarar 1925. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Menninger Quick Facts |url=https://www.menningerclinic.com/about/newsroom/quick-facts |access-date=2018-01-22 |website=www.menningerclinic.com}}</ref> Asibitin Menninger ya kafa Makarantar Southard ga [[Ɗa|yara]] a shekarar 1926. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Menninger, Karl (1893–1990) |url=https://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.edu.026.html |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=Encyclopedia of the Great Plains |publisher=University of Nebraska–Lincoln}}</ref> Makarantar ta samar da shirye-shiryen magani ga yara da [[Samartaka|matasa]] waɗanda aka san su a duk duniya. A shekarun 1930, Menningers sun faɗaɗa shirye-shiryen horarwa ga likitocin tabin hankali, masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, da sauran ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa. An kafa Gidauniyar Menninger a shekarar 1941. An kafa Makarantar Menninger ta Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a shekarar 1946. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Katie Keckeisen |date=2024-11-05 |title=Freud and Friendliness: Menninger at 100 |url=https://tscpl.org/articles/freud-and-friendliness-menninger-at-100 |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=Topeka & Shawnee County Public Library}}</ref> Nan da nan ta zama babbar cibiyar horarwa a ƙasar, sakamakon buƙatar ƙasar ta likitocin tabin hankali don kula da tsoffin sojoji. Menninger ta sanar da alaƙarta da Kwalejin Likitanci ta Baylor da Asibitin Methodist a watan Disamba na 2002. Manufar ita ce Menninger zai yi magani yayin da Baylor zai kula da bincike da ilimi. === Motsawa === Asibitin Menninger ya ƙaura daga Topeka, Kansas zuwa [[Houston|Houston, Texas]] a watan Yunin 2003. Asibitin Menninger ya sake komawa sabon wurinsa a 12301 S. Main St., Houston, Texas, 77035 a watan Mayu na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Menninger Clinic |url=http://menningerclinic.com}}</ref> === Kayan aiki na yanzu === Tun daga watan Mayu na 2012, Asibitin Menninger yana bayar da: Shirin Maganin Matasa, Shirin Ƙwararru, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professionals Program |url=https://www.menningerclinic.org/treatment/treatment-for-adults/inpatient-programs/professionals-program}}</ref> Shirin Compass ga Matasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychiatric Treatment Program for Young Adults - The Menninger Clinic |url=http://menningerclinic.com/patient-care/inpatient-treatment/compass-program-for-young-adults}}</ref> Cikakken Shirin Kimantawa da Daidaita Hankali, Sabis na Kimantawa da Shirin Fata ga Manya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hope Program for Adults - Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment - Menninger |url=http://menningerclinic.com/patient-care/inpatient-treatment/hope-program}}</ref> == Juyin juya hali a ilimin tabin hankali == Makarantar Kula da Lafiyar Halayyar Dan Adam ta Menninger da Asibitin Gudanar da Tsoffin Sojoji na yankin sun kasance cibiyar juyin juya halin ilimin tabin hankali. Asibitin da Makarantar sun zama cibiyar horar da ƙwararru kan hanyoyin nazarin halayyar ɗan adam da zamantakewa. Wannan hanyar ta haɗa tushen tsarin likitanci, tsarin psychodynamic, ci gaba, da tsarin iyali don mai da hankali kan lafiyar marasa lafiya gabaɗaya. Ga marasa lafiya, wannan hanyar magani ta shafi bukatunsu na jiki, motsin rai, da kuma zamantakewa. Dr. Otto Fleischmann, shugaban cibiyar nazarin halayyar ɗan adam daga 1956 zuwa 1963, yana yin aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a bayan allon hangen nesa na hanya ɗaya, a gaban dukkan ɗaliban. A shekarar 1960, Otto Kernberg ya shiga Asibitin kuma daga baya ya zama darektansa har zuwa shekarar 1965. === Karl Menninger === [[Littafi|Littafin]] farko na Dr. Karl Menninger, ''The Human Mind'' (1930), ya zama littafin da aka fi sayarwa kuma ya fahimci [[Halin ɗan adam|halayen ɗan adam]] na Amurka. Amurkawa da yawa sun kuma karanta littattafansa na gaba, ciki har da ''The Vital Balance'', ''Man Against Hisself'' da ''Love Against Hate'' . === Will Menninger === Dr. Will Menninger ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga fannin ilimin tabin hankali lokacin da ya ƙirƙiro tsarin kula da marasa lafiya a asibiti wanda aka sani da maganin yanayi . Wannan hanyar ta shafi yanayin lafiyar majiyyaci gaba ɗaya a cikin magani. Dr. Menninger ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji na Ƙungiyar Likitoci a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hagan |first=Leigh D. |last2=Guilmette |first2=Thomas J. |date=September–December 2015 |title=DSM-5: Challenging diagnostic testimony |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160252715001272 |journal=International Journal of Law and Psychiatry |volume=42–43 |pages=128–134 |doi=10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.08.017 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, Sojojin sun rage asarar ma'aikata saboda matsalar tabin hankali. A shekarar 1945, Sojoji sun yi wa Dr. Menninger karin girma zuwa mukamin Birgediya Janar. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mason |first=James B. |date=1956-12-01 |title=Civilian Doctors and Army Stars: A Historical Vignette |url=https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article-abstract/119/6/357/4933183 |journal=Military Medicine |volume=119 |issue=6 |pages=357–364 |doi=10.1093/milmed/119.6.357 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref> Bayan yaƙin, Dr. Menninger ya jagoranci juyin juya hali na ƙasa don yin garambawul ga wuraren tsaftace muhalli na jihohi. A shekarar 1948, [[Time (magazine)|mujallar ''Time'']] ta nuna Dr. Menninger a bangon mujallar, tana yaba masa a matsayin "manajan tallace-tallace na likitan tabin hankali na Amurka." == Duba kuma == * Roy W. Menninger * W. Walter Menninger * Harriet Lerner * Riley Gardner * Gidauniyar New York == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fxqwvzyrppz0qowsfert1l67ms29i6z 968128 968125 2026-10-16T09:55:17Z Sardeeq 39275 968128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An kafa '''Gidauniyar Menninger''' a shekarar 1919 ta hannun iyalan Menninger a Topeka, Kansas . Gidauniyar Menninger, wacce aka fi sani da Menninger's, ta ƙunshi asibiti, wurin kula da marasa lafiya, da kuma makarantar kula da masu tabin hankali, waɗanda duk suna ɗauke da sunan Menninger. Menninger's ya ƙunshi harabar jami'a a lamba 5800 SW 6th Avenue a Topeka, Kansas wanda ya haɗa da wurin waha da sauran gine-ginen da aka ambata a sama. A shekara ta 2003, asibitin Menninger ya koma [[Houston]] . An fara kafa wannan gidauniyar a shekarar 1919 ta hannun Charles F. Menninger da 'ya'yansa maza, Karl Menninger da William Menninger . Ya wakilci aikin farko na ƙungiyar masu tabin hankali . == Tarihi == An kafa asibitin Menninger, wanda aka fi sani da asibitin tunawa na CF Menninger, a shekarun 1920 a Topeka, Kansas. An kafa Cibiyar Sanitarium ta Menninger a shekarar 1925. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Menninger Quick Facts |url=https://www.menningerclinic.com/about/newsroom/quick-facts |access-date=2018-01-22 |website=www.menningerclinic.com}}</ref> Asibitin Menninger ya kafa Makarantar Southard ga [[Ɗa|yara]] a shekarar 1926. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Menninger, Karl (1893–1990) |url=https://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.edu.026.html |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=Encyclopedia of the Great Plains |publisher=University of Nebraska–Lincoln}}</ref> Makarantar ta samar da shirye-shiryen magani ga yara da [[Samartaka|matasa]] waɗanda aka san su a duk duniya. A shekarun 1930, Menningers sun faɗaɗa shirye-shiryen horarwa ga likitocin tabin hankali, masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, da sauran ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa. An kafa Gidauniyar Menninger a shekarar 1941. An kafa Makarantar Menninger ta Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a shekarar 1946. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Katie Keckeisen |date=2024-11-05 |title=Freud and Friendliness: Menninger at 100 |url=https://tscpl.org/articles/freud-and-friendliness-menninger-at-100 |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=Topeka & Shawnee County Public Library}}</ref> Nan da nan ta zama babbar cibiyar horarwa a ƙasar, sakamakon buƙatar ƙasar ta likitocin tabin hankali don kula da tsoffin sojoji. Menninger ta sanar da alaƙarta da Kwalejin Likitanci ta Baylor da Asibitin Methodist a watan Disamba na 2002. Manufar ita ce Menninger zai yi magani yayin da Baylor zai kula da bincike da ilimi. === Motsawa === Asibitin Menninger ya ƙaura daga Topeka, Kansas zuwa [[Houston|Houston, Texas]] a watan Yunin 2003. Asibitin Menninger ya sake komawa sabon wurinsa a 12301 S. Main St., Houston, Texas, 77035 a watan Mayu na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Menninger Clinic |url=http://menningerclinic.com}}</ref> === Kayan aiki na yanzu === Tun daga watan Mayu na 2012, Asibitin Menninger yana bayar da: Shirin Maganin Matasa, Shirin Ƙwararru, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professionals Program |url=https://www.menningerclinic.org/treatment/treatment-for-adults/inpatient-programs/professionals-program}}</ref> Shirin Compass ga Matasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychiatric Treatment Program for Young Adults - The Menninger Clinic |url=http://menningerclinic.com/patient-care/inpatient-treatment/compass-program-for-young-adults}}</ref> Cikakken Shirin Kimantawa da Daidaita Hankali, Sabis na Kimantawa da Shirin Fata ga Manya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hope Program for Adults - Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment - Menninger |url=http://menningerclinic.com/patient-care/inpatient-treatment/hope-program}}</ref> == Juyin juya hali a ilimin tabin hankali == Makarantar Kula da Lafiyar Halayyar Dan Adam ta Menninger da Asibitin Gudanar da Tsoffin Sojoji na yankin sun kasance cibiyar juyin juya halin ilimin tabin hankali. Asibitin da Makarantar sun zama cibiyar horar da ƙwararru kan hanyoyin nazarin halayyar ɗan adam da zamantakewa. Wannan hanyar ta haɗa tushen tsarin likitanci, tsarin psychodynamic, ci gaba, da tsarin iyali don mai da hankali kan lafiyar marasa lafiya gabaɗaya. Ga marasa lafiya, wannan hanyar magani ta shafi bukatunsu na jiki, motsin rai, da kuma zamantakewa. Dr. Otto Fleischmann, shugaban cibiyar nazarin halayyar ɗan adam daga 1956 zuwa 1963, yana yin aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a bayan allon hangen nesa na hanya ɗaya, a gaban dukkan ɗaliban. A shekarar 1960, Otto Kernberg ya shiga Asibitin kuma daga baya ya zama darektansa har zuwa shekarar 1965. === Karl Menninger === [[Littafi|Littafin]] farko na Dr. Karl Menninger, ''The Human Mind'' (1930), ya zama littafin da aka fi sayarwa kuma ya fahimci [[Halin ɗan adam|halayen ɗan adam]] na Amurka. Amurkawa da yawa sun kuma karanta littattafansa na gaba, ciki har da ''The Vital Balance'', ''Man Against Hisself'' da ''Love Against Hate'' . === Will Menninger === Dr. Will Menninger ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga fannin ilimin tabin hankali lokacin da ya ƙirƙiro tsarin kula da marasa lafiya a asibiti wanda aka sani da maganin yanayi . Wannan hanyar ta shafi yanayin lafiyar majiyyaci gaba ɗaya a cikin magani. Dr. Menninger ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji na Ƙungiyar Likitoci a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hagan |first=Leigh D. |last2=Guilmette |first2=Thomas J. |date=September–December 2015 |title=DSM-5: Challenging diagnostic testimony |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160252715001272 |journal=International Journal of Law and Psychiatry |volume=42–43 |pages=128–134 |doi=10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.08.017 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, Sojojin sun rage asarar ma'aikata saboda matsalar tabin hankali. A shekarar 1945, Sojoji sun yi wa Dr. Menninger karin girma zuwa mukamin Birgediya Janar. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mason |first=James B. |date=1956-12-01 |title=Civilian Doctors and Army Stars: A Historical Vignette |url=https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article-abstract/119/6/357/4933183 |journal=Military Medicine |volume=119 |issue=6 |pages=357–364 |doi=10.1093/milmed/119.6.357 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref> Bayan yaƙin, Dr. Menninger ya jagoranci juyin juya hali na ƙasa don yin garambawul ga wuraren tsaftace muhalli na jihohi. A shekarar 1948, [[Time (magazine)|mujallar ''Time'']] ta nuna Dr. Menninger a bangon mujallar, tana yaba masa a matsayin "manajan tallace-tallace na likitan tabin hankali na Amurka." == Duba kuma == * Roy W. Menninger * W. Walter Menninger * Harriet Lerner * Riley Gardner * Gidauniyar New York == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1e6j101ja1u7d410j2l8u7w18gou0cz 968134 968128 2026-10-16T09:56:56Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Tarihi */ 968134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An kafa '''Gidauniyar Menninger''' a shekarar 1919 ta hannun iyalan Menninger a Topeka, Kansas . Gidauniyar Menninger, wacce aka fi sani da Menninger's, ta ƙunshi asibiti, wurin kula da marasa lafiya, da kuma makarantar kula da masu tabin hankali, waɗanda duk suna ɗauke da sunan Menninger. Menninger's ya ƙunshi harabar jami'a a lamba 5800 SW 6th Avenue a Topeka, Kansas wanda ya haɗa da wurin waha da sauran gine-ginen da aka ambata a sama. A shekara ta 2003, asibitin Menninger ya koma [[Houston]] . An fara kafa wannan gidauniyar a shekarar 1919 ta hannun Charles F. Menninger da 'ya'yansa maza, Karl Menninger da William Menninger . Ya wakilci aikin farko na ƙungiyar masu tabin hankali . == Tarihi == An kafa asibitin Menninger, wanda aka fi sani da asibitin tunawa na CF Menninger, a shekarar alif 1920 a Topeka, Kansas. An kafa Cibiyar Sanitarium ta Menninger a shekarar 1925. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Menninger Quick Facts |url=https://www.menningerclinic.com/about/newsroom/quick-facts |access-date=2018-01-22 |website=www.menningerclinic.com}}</ref> Asibitin Menninger ya kafa Makarantar Southard ga [[Ɗa|yara]] a shekarar 1926. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Menninger, Karl (1893–1990) |url=https://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.edu.026.html |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=Encyclopedia of the Great Plains |publisher=University of Nebraska–Lincoln}}</ref> Makarantar ta samar da shirye-shiryen magani ga yara da [[Samartaka|matasa]] waɗanda aka san su a duk duniya. A shekarun 1930, Menningers sun faɗaɗa shirye-shiryen horarwa ga likitocin tabin hankali, masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, da sauran ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa. An kafa Gidauniyar Menninger a shekarar 1941. An kafa Makarantar Menninger ta Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a shekarar 1946. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Katie Keckeisen |date=2024-11-05 |title=Freud and Friendliness: Menninger at 100 |url=https://tscpl.org/articles/freud-and-friendliness-menninger-at-100 |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=Topeka & Shawnee County Public Library}}</ref> Nan da nan ta zama babbar cibiyar horarwa a ƙasar, sakamakon buƙatar ƙasar ta likitocin tabin hankali don kula da tsoffin sojoji. Menninger ta sanar da alaƙarta da Kwalejin Likitanci ta Baylor da Asibitin Methodist a watan Disamba na 2002. Manufar ita ce Menninger zai yi magani yayin da Baylor zai kula da bincike da ilimi. === Motsawa === Asibitin Menninger ya ƙaura daga Topeka, Kansas zuwa [[Houston|Houston, Texas]] a watan Yunin 2003. Asibitin Menninger ya sake komawa sabon wurinsa a 12301 S. Main St., Houston, Texas, 77035 a watan Mayu na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Menninger Clinic |url=http://menningerclinic.com}}</ref> === Kayan aiki na yanzu === Tun daga watan Mayu na 2012, Asibitin Menninger yana bayar da: Shirin Maganin Matasa, Shirin Ƙwararru, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professionals Program |url=https://www.menningerclinic.org/treatment/treatment-for-adults/inpatient-programs/professionals-program}}</ref> Shirin Compass ga Matasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychiatric Treatment Program for Young Adults - The Menninger Clinic |url=http://menningerclinic.com/patient-care/inpatient-treatment/compass-program-for-young-adults}}</ref> Cikakken Shirin Kimantawa da Daidaita Hankali, Sabis na Kimantawa da Shirin Fata ga Manya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hope Program for Adults - Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment - Menninger |url=http://menningerclinic.com/patient-care/inpatient-treatment/hope-program}}</ref> == Juyin juya hali a ilimin tabin hankali == Makarantar Kula da Lafiyar Halayyar Dan Adam ta Menninger da Asibitin Gudanar da Tsoffin Sojoji na yankin sun kasance cibiyar juyin juya halin ilimin tabin hankali. Asibitin da Makarantar sun zama cibiyar horar da ƙwararru kan hanyoyin nazarin halayyar ɗan adam da zamantakewa. Wannan hanyar ta haɗa tushen tsarin likitanci, tsarin psychodynamic, ci gaba, da tsarin iyali don mai da hankali kan lafiyar marasa lafiya gabaɗaya. Ga marasa lafiya, wannan hanyar magani ta shafi bukatunsu na jiki, motsin rai, da kuma zamantakewa. Dr. Otto Fleischmann, shugaban cibiyar nazarin halayyar ɗan adam daga 1956 zuwa 1963, yana yin aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a bayan allon hangen nesa na hanya ɗaya, a gaban dukkan ɗaliban. A shekarar 1960, Otto Kernberg ya shiga Asibitin kuma daga baya ya zama darektansa har zuwa shekarar 1965. === Karl Menninger === [[Littafi|Littafin]] farko na Dr. Karl Menninger, ''The Human Mind'' (1930), ya zama littafin da aka fi sayarwa kuma ya fahimci [[Halin ɗan adam|halayen ɗan adam]] na Amurka. Amurkawa da yawa sun kuma karanta littattafansa na gaba, ciki har da ''The Vital Balance'', ''Man Against Hisself'' da ''Love Against Hate'' . === Will Menninger === Dr. Will Menninger ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga fannin ilimin tabin hankali lokacin da ya ƙirƙiro tsarin kula da marasa lafiya a asibiti wanda aka sani da maganin yanayi . Wannan hanyar ta shafi yanayin lafiyar majiyyaci gaba ɗaya a cikin magani. Dr. Menninger ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji na Ƙungiyar Likitoci a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hagan |first=Leigh D. |last2=Guilmette |first2=Thomas J. |date=September–December 2015 |title=DSM-5: Challenging diagnostic testimony |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160252715001272 |journal=International Journal of Law and Psychiatry |volume=42–43 |pages=128–134 |doi=10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.08.017 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, Sojojin sun rage asarar ma'aikata saboda matsalar tabin hankali. A shekarar 1945, Sojoji sun yi wa Dr. Menninger karin girma zuwa mukamin Birgediya Janar. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mason |first=James B. |date=1956-12-01 |title=Civilian Doctors and Army Stars: A Historical Vignette |url=https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article-abstract/119/6/357/4933183 |journal=Military Medicine |volume=119 |issue=6 |pages=357–364 |doi=10.1093/milmed/119.6.357 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref> Bayan yaƙin, Dr. Menninger ya jagoranci juyin juya hali na ƙasa don yin garambawul ga wuraren tsaftace muhalli na jihohi. A shekarar 1948, [[Time (magazine)|mujallar ''Time'']] ta nuna Dr. Menninger a bangon mujallar, tana yaba masa a matsayin "manajan tallace-tallace na likitan tabin hankali na Amurka." == Duba kuma == * Roy W. Menninger * W. Walter Menninger * Harriet Lerner * Riley Gardner * Gidauniyar New York == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fxqruaxdntokkxev6uceuwpkin2j8cs 968135 968134 2026-10-16T09:57:17Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Kayan aiki na yanzu */ 968135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An kafa '''Gidauniyar Menninger''' a shekarar 1919 ta hannun iyalan Menninger a Topeka, Kansas . Gidauniyar Menninger, wacce aka fi sani da Menninger's, ta ƙunshi asibiti, wurin kula da marasa lafiya, da kuma makarantar kula da masu tabin hankali, waɗanda duk suna ɗauke da sunan Menninger. Menninger's ya ƙunshi harabar jami'a a lamba 5800 SW 6th Avenue a Topeka, Kansas wanda ya haɗa da wurin waha da sauran gine-ginen da aka ambata a sama. A shekara ta 2003, asibitin Menninger ya koma [[Houston]] . An fara kafa wannan gidauniyar a shekarar 1919 ta hannun Charles F. Menninger da 'ya'yansa maza, Karl Menninger da William Menninger . Ya wakilci aikin farko na ƙungiyar masu tabin hankali . == Tarihi == An kafa asibitin Menninger, wanda aka fi sani da asibitin tunawa na CF Menninger, a shekarar alif 1920 a Topeka, Kansas. An kafa Cibiyar Sanitarium ta Menninger a shekarar 1925. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Menninger Quick Facts |url=https://www.menningerclinic.com/about/newsroom/quick-facts |access-date=2018-01-22 |website=www.menningerclinic.com}}</ref> Asibitin Menninger ya kafa Makarantar Southard ga [[Ɗa|yara]] a shekarar 1926. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Menninger, Karl (1893–1990) |url=https://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.edu.026.html |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=Encyclopedia of the Great Plains |publisher=University of Nebraska–Lincoln}}</ref> Makarantar ta samar da shirye-shiryen magani ga yara da [[Samartaka|matasa]] waɗanda aka san su a duk duniya. A shekarun 1930, Menningers sun faɗaɗa shirye-shiryen horarwa ga likitocin tabin hankali, masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, da sauran ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa. An kafa Gidauniyar Menninger a shekarar 1941. An kafa Makarantar Menninger ta Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a shekarar 1946. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Katie Keckeisen |date=2024-11-05 |title=Freud and Friendliness: Menninger at 100 |url=https://tscpl.org/articles/freud-and-friendliness-menninger-at-100 |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=Topeka & Shawnee County Public Library}}</ref> Nan da nan ta zama babbar cibiyar horarwa a ƙasar, sakamakon buƙatar ƙasar ta likitocin tabin hankali don kula da tsoffin sojoji. Menninger ta sanar da alaƙarta da Kwalejin Likitanci ta Baylor da Asibitin Methodist a watan Disamba na 2002. Manufar ita ce Menninger zai yi magani yayin da Baylor zai kula da bincike da ilimi. === Motsawa === Asibitin Menninger ya ƙaura daga Topeka, Kansas zuwa [[Houston|Houston, Texas]] a watan Yunin 2003. Asibitin Menninger ya sake komawa sabon wurinsa a 12301 S. Main St., Houston, Texas, 77035 a watan Mayu na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Menninger Clinic |url=http://menningerclinic.com}}</ref> === Kayan aiki na yanzu === Tun daga watan Mayu na shekarar 2012, Asibitin Menninger yana bayar da: Shirin Maganin Matasa, Shirin Ƙwararru, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professionals Program |url=https://www.menningerclinic.org/treatment/treatment-for-adults/inpatient-programs/professionals-program}}</ref> Shirin Compass ga Matasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychiatric Treatment Program for Young Adults - The Menninger Clinic |url=http://menningerclinic.com/patient-care/inpatient-treatment/compass-program-for-young-adults}}</ref> Cikakken Shirin Kimantawa da Daidaita Hankali, Sabis na Kimantawa da Shirin Fata ga Manya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hope Program for Adults - Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment - Menninger |url=http://menningerclinic.com/patient-care/inpatient-treatment/hope-program}}</ref> == Juyin juya hali a ilimin tabin hankali == Makarantar Kula da Lafiyar Halayyar Dan Adam ta Menninger da Asibitin Gudanar da Tsoffin Sojoji na yankin sun kasance cibiyar juyin juya halin ilimin tabin hankali. Asibitin da Makarantar sun zama cibiyar horar da ƙwararru kan hanyoyin nazarin halayyar ɗan adam da zamantakewa. Wannan hanyar ta haɗa tushen tsarin likitanci, tsarin psychodynamic, ci gaba, da tsarin iyali don mai da hankali kan lafiyar marasa lafiya gabaɗaya. Ga marasa lafiya, wannan hanyar magani ta shafi bukatunsu na jiki, motsin rai, da kuma zamantakewa. Dr. Otto Fleischmann, shugaban cibiyar nazarin halayyar ɗan adam daga 1956 zuwa 1963, yana yin aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a bayan allon hangen nesa na hanya ɗaya, a gaban dukkan ɗaliban. A shekarar 1960, Otto Kernberg ya shiga Asibitin kuma daga baya ya zama darektansa har zuwa shekarar 1965. === Karl Menninger === [[Littafi|Littafin]] farko na Dr. Karl Menninger, ''The Human Mind'' (1930), ya zama littafin da aka fi sayarwa kuma ya fahimci [[Halin ɗan adam|halayen ɗan adam]] na Amurka. Amurkawa da yawa sun kuma karanta littattafansa na gaba, ciki har da ''The Vital Balance'', ''Man Against Hisself'' da ''Love Against Hate'' . === Will Menninger === Dr. Will Menninger ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga fannin ilimin tabin hankali lokacin da ya ƙirƙiro tsarin kula da marasa lafiya a asibiti wanda aka sani da maganin yanayi . Wannan hanyar ta shafi yanayin lafiyar majiyyaci gaba ɗaya a cikin magani. Dr. Menninger ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji na Ƙungiyar Likitoci a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hagan |first=Leigh D. |last2=Guilmette |first2=Thomas J. |date=September–December 2015 |title=DSM-5: Challenging diagnostic testimony |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160252715001272 |journal=International Journal of Law and Psychiatry |volume=42–43 |pages=128–134 |doi=10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.08.017 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, Sojojin sun rage asarar ma'aikata saboda matsalar tabin hankali. A shekarar 1945, Sojoji sun yi wa Dr. Menninger karin girma zuwa mukamin Birgediya Janar. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mason |first=James B. |date=1956-12-01 |title=Civilian Doctors and Army Stars: A Historical Vignette |url=https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article-abstract/119/6/357/4933183 |journal=Military Medicine |volume=119 |issue=6 |pages=357–364 |doi=10.1093/milmed/119.6.357 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref> Bayan yaƙin, Dr. Menninger ya jagoranci juyin juya hali na ƙasa don yin garambawul ga wuraren tsaftace muhalli na jihohi. A shekarar 1948, [[Time (magazine)|mujallar ''Time'']] ta nuna Dr. Menninger a bangon mujallar, tana yaba masa a matsayin "manajan tallace-tallace na likitan tabin hankali na Amurka." == Duba kuma == * Roy W. Menninger * W. Walter Menninger * Harriet Lerner * Riley Gardner * Gidauniyar New York == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fipvzlkjshwst73gzof9d0j2e3njlq4 968139 968135 2026-10-16T10:00:13Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Motsawa */ 968139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An kafa '''Gidauniyar Menninger''' a shekarar 1919 ta hannun iyalan Menninger a Topeka, Kansas . Gidauniyar Menninger, wacce aka fi sani da Menninger's, ta ƙunshi asibiti, wurin kula da marasa lafiya, da kuma makarantar kula da masu tabin hankali, waɗanda duk suna ɗauke da sunan Menninger. Menninger's ya ƙunshi harabar jami'a a lamba 5800 SW 6th Avenue a Topeka, Kansas wanda ya haɗa da wurin waha da sauran gine-ginen da aka ambata a sama. A shekara ta 2003, asibitin Menninger ya koma [[Houston]] . An fara kafa wannan gidauniyar a shekarar 1919 ta hannun Charles F. Menninger da 'ya'yansa maza, Karl Menninger da William Menninger . Ya wakilci aikin farko na ƙungiyar masu tabin hankali . == Tarihi == An kafa asibitin Menninger, wanda aka fi sani da asibitin tunawa na CF Menninger, a shekarar alif 1920 a Topeka, Kansas. An kafa Cibiyar Sanitarium ta Menninger a shekarar 1925. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Menninger Quick Facts |url=https://www.menningerclinic.com/about/newsroom/quick-facts |access-date=2018-01-22 |website=www.menningerclinic.com}}</ref> Asibitin Menninger ya kafa Makarantar Southard ga [[Ɗa|yara]] a shekarar 1926. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Menninger, Karl (1893–1990) |url=https://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.edu.026.html |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=Encyclopedia of the Great Plains |publisher=University of Nebraska–Lincoln}}</ref> Makarantar ta samar da shirye-shiryen magani ga yara da [[Samartaka|matasa]] waɗanda aka san su a duk duniya. A shekarun 1930, Menningers sun faɗaɗa shirye-shiryen horarwa ga likitocin tabin hankali, masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, da sauran ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa. An kafa Gidauniyar Menninger a shekarar 1941. An kafa Makarantar Menninger ta Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a shekarar 1946. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Katie Keckeisen |date=2024-11-05 |title=Freud and Friendliness: Menninger at 100 |url=https://tscpl.org/articles/freud-and-friendliness-menninger-at-100 |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=Topeka & Shawnee County Public Library}}</ref> Nan da nan ta zama babbar cibiyar horarwa a ƙasar, sakamakon buƙatar ƙasar ta likitocin tabin hankali don kula da tsoffin sojoji. Menninger ta sanar da alaƙarta da Kwalejin Likitanci ta Baylor da Asibitin Methodist a watan Disamba na 2002. Manufar ita ce Menninger zai yi magani yayin da Baylor zai kula da bincike da ilimi. === Motsawa === Asibitin Menninger ya ƙaura daga Topeka, Kansas zuwa [[Houston|Houston, Texas]] a watan Yuni a shekara ta 2003. Asibitin Menninger ya sake komawa sabon wurinsa a 12301 S. Main St., Houston, Texas, 77035 a watan Mayu na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Menninger Clinic |url=http://menningerclinic.com}}</ref> === Kayan aiki na yanzu === Tun daga watan Mayu na shekarar 2012, Asibitin Menninger yana bayar da: Shirin Maganin Matasa, Shirin Ƙwararru, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professionals Program |url=https://www.menningerclinic.org/treatment/treatment-for-adults/inpatient-programs/professionals-program}}</ref> Shirin Compass ga Matasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychiatric Treatment Program for Young Adults - The Menninger Clinic |url=http://menningerclinic.com/patient-care/inpatient-treatment/compass-program-for-young-adults}}</ref> Cikakken Shirin Kimantawa da Daidaita Hankali, Sabis na Kimantawa da Shirin Fata ga Manya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hope Program for Adults - Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment - Menninger |url=http://menningerclinic.com/patient-care/inpatient-treatment/hope-program}}</ref> == Juyin juya hali a ilimin tabin hankali == Makarantar Kula da Lafiyar Halayyar Dan Adam ta Menninger da Asibitin Gudanar da Tsoffin Sojoji na yankin sun kasance cibiyar juyin juya halin ilimin tabin hankali. Asibitin da Makarantar sun zama cibiyar horar da ƙwararru kan hanyoyin nazarin halayyar ɗan adam da zamantakewa. Wannan hanyar ta haɗa tushen tsarin likitanci, tsarin psychodynamic, ci gaba, da tsarin iyali don mai da hankali kan lafiyar marasa lafiya gabaɗaya. Ga marasa lafiya, wannan hanyar magani ta shafi bukatunsu na jiki, motsin rai, da kuma zamantakewa. Dr. Otto Fleischmann, shugaban cibiyar nazarin halayyar ɗan adam daga 1956 zuwa 1963, yana yin aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a bayan allon hangen nesa na hanya ɗaya, a gaban dukkan ɗaliban. A shekarar 1960, Otto Kernberg ya shiga Asibitin kuma daga baya ya zama darektansa har zuwa shekarar 1965. === Karl Menninger === [[Littafi|Littafin]] farko na Dr. Karl Menninger, ''The Human Mind'' (1930), ya zama littafin da aka fi sayarwa kuma ya fahimci [[Halin ɗan adam|halayen ɗan adam]] na Amurka. Amurkawa da yawa sun kuma karanta littattafansa na gaba, ciki har da ''The Vital Balance'', ''Man Against Hisself'' da ''Love Against Hate'' . === Will Menninger === Dr. Will Menninger ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga fannin ilimin tabin hankali lokacin da ya ƙirƙiro tsarin kula da marasa lafiya a asibiti wanda aka sani da maganin yanayi . Wannan hanyar ta shafi yanayin lafiyar majiyyaci gaba ɗaya a cikin magani. Dr. Menninger ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji na Ƙungiyar Likitoci a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hagan |first=Leigh D. |last2=Guilmette |first2=Thomas J. |date=September–December 2015 |title=DSM-5: Challenging diagnostic testimony |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160252715001272 |journal=International Journal of Law and Psychiatry |volume=42–43 |pages=128–134 |doi=10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.08.017 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, Sojojin sun rage asarar ma'aikata saboda matsalar tabin hankali. A shekarar 1945, Sojoji sun yi wa Dr. Menninger karin girma zuwa mukamin Birgediya Janar. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mason |first=James B. |date=1956-12-01 |title=Civilian Doctors and Army Stars: A Historical Vignette |url=https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article-abstract/119/6/357/4933183 |journal=Military Medicine |volume=119 |issue=6 |pages=357–364 |doi=10.1093/milmed/119.6.357 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref> Bayan yaƙin, Dr. Menninger ya jagoranci juyin juya hali na ƙasa don yin garambawul ga wuraren tsaftace muhalli na jihohi. A shekarar 1948, [[Time (magazine)|mujallar ''Time'']] ta nuna Dr. Menninger a bangon mujallar, tana yaba masa a matsayin "manajan tallace-tallace na likitan tabin hankali na Amurka." == Duba kuma == * Roy W. Menninger * W. Walter Menninger * Harriet Lerner * Riley Gardner * Gidauniyar New York == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p9uz174n6fooc0mb2aixmqjcxamyh9b 0 179351 968131 2026-10-16T09:55:59Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341041091|Carl Alfred Meier]]" 968131 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carl Alfred Meier''' (19 Afrilu 1905 &#x2013; 1995) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Switzerland, masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na Jungian, malami, kuma shugaban farko na Cibiyar CG Jung da ke Zürich . A matsayinsa na magajin [[Carl Jung]], ya riƙe Shugaban Farfesa na Daraja a fannin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Switzerland a shekarar 1949. Daga baya, sun kafa Cibiyar Bincike da Bincike ta Jungian Psychology a Zürichberg tare. An haifi Meier a Schaffhausen, Switzerland, a cikin 1905. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Zürich a shekarar 1924. A zangon karatu na hunturu na 1927, Meier ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris don yin karatu a Sashen Likitanci na Jami'ar Paris . Daga baya, a shekarar 1928, ya yi tafiya zuwa Vienna don yin karatu a Steinhof (Asibitin Kula da Masu Tashin Hankali na Jami'ar Vienna), kuma don halartar laccocin Julius Wagner-Jauregg . Wani abokin aiki a Steinhof ya gayyace shi zuwa jerin tarurrukan karawa juna sani na ranar Laraba da [[Sigmund Freud]] ya gabatar. A shekarar 1931, ya fara karatunsa na ilimin tabin hankali a ƙarƙashin [[Hans-Wolfgang Maier]] a Burghölzli . == Littattafai == * ''Alƙawari ga Jejin, CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|3-85630-502-5}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Testament to the Wilderness {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/3856305025 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Sanin kai (Halayyar ɗan adam ta CG Jung, Vol 3), CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|0-938434-12-8}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Consciousness (Psychology of C.g. Jung) (English and German Edition) {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/0938434128 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Mafarkin Waraka da Al'ada: Tsohuwar Kumburi da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam na Zamani, CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|3-85630-629-3}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Healing Dream and Ritual: Ancient Incubation and Modern Psychotherapy {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/3856306293 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Jung da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, CA Meier'', ASIN B0007DOKTM * ''Jung da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam, CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|1-4254-8361-5}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jung and Analytical Psychology {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/1425483615 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Halayyar Mutum da Nau'in Halitta (Psychology of CG Jung, Vol 4), CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|0-938434-71-3}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Personality and Typology (Psychology of C.g. Jung) {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/0938434713 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Halayya: Tsarin Keɓancewa bisa ga Nau'in Halittar CG Jung, CA Meier, David N. Roscoe (Mai Fassara)'' ,{{ISBN|3-85630-549-1}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Personality: The Individuation Process in the Light of C.G. Jung's Typology {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/3856305491 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Rai da Jiki: Makaloli kan Ka'idojin CG Jung, CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|0-932499-00-7}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Soul and Body: Essays on the Theories of C.G. Jung {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/0932499007 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Ma'ana da Muhimmancin Mafarkai (Psychology of CGJung, Vol 2), CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|0-938434-11-X}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meaning and Significance of Dreams (Psychology of C.g.jung) (English and German Edition) {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/093843411X |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Rashin Sani a cikin Bayyanar Halittarsa, CA Meier, Eugene Rolfe (Mai Fassara)'' ,{{ISBN|0-938434-68-3}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Unconscious in Its Empirical Manifestations (v. 1) {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/0938434683 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Rashin Sani a cikin Bayyanar Halittarsa (Psychology of CG Jung, Vol 1), CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|0-938434-10-1}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Unconscious in Its Empirical Manifestations (Psychology of C.g. Jung) {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/0938434101 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Traum und Symbol, CA Meier'', ASIN B0007DSWQE == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1995]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1905]] qxi5leofjq62qbcp3nzbapucvsnydpy 968133 968131 2026-10-16T09:56:16Z Sardeeq 39275 968133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Carl Alfred Meier''' (19 Afrilu 1905 &#x2013; 1995) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Switzerland, masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na Jungian, malami, kuma shugaban farko na Cibiyar CG Jung da ke Zürich . A matsayinsa na magajin [[Carl Jung]], ya riƙe Shugaban Farfesa na Daraja a fannin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Switzerland a shekarar 1949. Daga baya, sun kafa Cibiyar Bincike da Bincike ta Jungian Psychology a Zürichberg tare. An haifi Meier a Schaffhausen, Switzerland, a cikin 1905. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Zürich a shekarar 1924. A zangon karatu na hunturu na 1927, Meier ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris don yin karatu a Sashen Likitanci na Jami'ar Paris . Daga baya, a shekarar 1928, ya yi tafiya zuwa Vienna don yin karatu a Steinhof (Asibitin Kula da Masu Tashin Hankali na Jami'ar Vienna), kuma don halartar laccocin Julius Wagner-Jauregg . Wani abokin aiki a Steinhof ya gayyace shi zuwa jerin tarurrukan karawa juna sani na ranar Laraba da [[Sigmund Freud]] ya gabatar. A shekarar 1931, ya fara karatunsa na ilimin tabin hankali a ƙarƙashin [[Hans-Wolfgang Maier]] a Burghölzli . == Littattafai == * ''Alƙawari ga Jejin, CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|3-85630-502-5}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Testament to the Wilderness {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/3856305025 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Sanin kai (Halayyar ɗan adam ta CG Jung, Vol 3), CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|0-938434-12-8}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Consciousness (Psychology of C.g. Jung) (English and German Edition) {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/0938434128 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Mafarkin Waraka da Al'ada: Tsohuwar Kumburi da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam na Zamani, CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|3-85630-629-3}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Healing Dream and Ritual: Ancient Incubation and Modern Psychotherapy {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/3856306293 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Jung da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, CA Meier'', ASIN B0007DOKTM * ''Jung da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam, CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|1-4254-8361-5}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jung and Analytical Psychology {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/1425483615 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Halayyar Mutum da Nau'in Halitta (Psychology of CG Jung, Vol 4), CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|0-938434-71-3}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Personality and Typology (Psychology of C.g. Jung) {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/0938434713 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Halayya: Tsarin Keɓancewa bisa ga Nau'in Halittar CG Jung, CA Meier, David N. Roscoe (Mai Fassara)'' ,{{ISBN|3-85630-549-1}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Personality: The Individuation Process in the Light of C.G. Jung's Typology {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/3856305491 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Rai da Jiki: Makaloli kan Ka'idojin CG Jung, CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|0-932499-00-7}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Soul and Body: Essays on the Theories of C.G. Jung {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/0932499007 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Ma'ana da Muhimmancin Mafarkai (Psychology of CGJung, Vol 2), CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|0-938434-11-X}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meaning and Significance of Dreams (Psychology of C.g.jung) (English and German Edition) {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/093843411X |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Rashin Sani a cikin Bayyanar Halittarsa, CA Meier, Eugene Rolfe (Mai Fassara)'' ,{{ISBN|0-938434-68-3}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Unconscious in Its Empirical Manifestations (v. 1) {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/0938434683 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Rashin Sani a cikin Bayyanar Halittarsa (Psychology of CG Jung, Vol 1), CA Meier'' ,{{ISBN|0-938434-10-1}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Unconscious in Its Empirical Manifestations (Psychology of C.g. Jung) {{!}} ISBNdb {!} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/0938434101 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> * ''Traum und Symbol, CA Meier'', ASIN B0007DSWQE == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1995]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1905]] 3bpcizsqszkmlzgn80ceusl7bprspmr 0 179352 968132 2026-10-16T09:56:09Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 968132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sakpenwa''' wata [[al'umma]] ce da ke cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar Tai, a [[Jihar Rivers]], [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tide |first=The |date=2023-02-13 |title=Tai Local Government Area Pledges Support For RSU Sakpenwa/Kira Campus |url=https://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2023/02/13/tai-local-government-area-pledges-support-for-rsu-sakpenwa-kira-campus/ |location=Port Harcourt, Nigeria|access-date=2023-04-29 |newspaper=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Sakpenwa ita ce hedikwatar Ƙaramar Hukumar Tai, a Jihar Rivers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assessment of Socio-Economic Impacts of Sakpenwa-Bori-Kono Road on Residents of Gokana and Khana Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria – IJAAR Publishing |url=https://www.ijaar.org/assessment-of-socio-economic-impacts-of-sakpenwa-bori-kono-road-on-residents-of-gokana-and-khana-local-government-area-rivers-state-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-04-29 |website=www.ijaar.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-05-28 |title=Wike flags off 2nd phase of Sakpenwa-Bori-Kono road |url=https://sundiatapost.com/wike-flags-off-2nd-phase-of-sakpenwa-bori-kono-road/ |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=SundiataPost |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Wuraren da ake zaune a Jihar Rivers]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} pw0uj40xxgxsqjw2qcb38kblyirkzzm 0 179353 968136 2026-10-16T09:58:06Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 968136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Urua Inyang''' wani gari ne da ke cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]], a Jihar Akwa Ibom, Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urua Inyang, Nigeria - Facts and information on Urua Inyang - Nigeria.Places-in-the-world.com |url=https://nigeria.places-in-the-world.com/7073463-place-urua-inyang.html |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=nigeria.places-in-the-world.com}}</ref> Yana da iyaka da ƙauyuka biyu, wato Ikot Eseden da [[Ikot Nsung|Ikot Usun]]. Tsohon mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Najeriya, [[Vincent Enyeama]], ɗan asalin Urua Inyang ne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-24 |title=Vincent Enyeama Biography, Family and Net Worth |url=https://buzznigeria.com/vincent-enyeama-biography-family/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wuraren da ake zaune a Jihar Akwa Ibom]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} bszsie3eqn9u6s7qu62adv71k0u9dux 0 179354 968137 2026-10-16T09:58:13Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378689509|Paul Nitsche]]" 968137 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pirna_Sonnenstein.jpg|thumb| Gida mai lamba 16, Schloss Sonnenstein, a matsayin abin tunawa]] '''Hermann Paul Nitsche''' (25 ga Nuwamba, 1876 - 25 ga Maris, 1948) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Jamus wanda aka san shi da amincewa da ƙwararre kan izinin [[euthanasia]] na Third Reich kuma wanda daga baya ya jagoranci Ofishin Lafiya na Shirin Euthanasia na T-4 . An yanke wa Nitsche hukuncin kisa saboda laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama saboda kashe mutane sama da dubu ɗaya, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa a watan Maris na shekarar 1948 a Dresden. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Nitsche a cikin 1876 a Colditz, Saxony. Mahaifinsa, Hermann Nitsche, likitan kwakwalwa ne. <ref name="Böhm">{{Cite journal |last=Böhm |first=B. |date=2012 |title=Paul Nitsche – Reformpsychiater und Hauptakteur der NS-"Euthanasie" |journal=Der Nervenarzt |publisher=Springer-Verlag |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=293–302 |doi=10.1007/s00115-011-3389-1 |pmid=22399059 |s2cid=32985121}}</ref> Ya halarci makarantar firamare (Jamus: <nowiki>''</nowiki> Volksschule <nowiki>''</nowiki> ) a Pirna daga 1882 zuwa 1887. <ref name="Böhm" /> == Sana'a == Nitsche ya sami lasisin aikin likitanci a shekarar 1901 kuma ya sami matsayin farfesa a shekarar 1925. Nitsche bai shiga Jam'iyyar Nazi ba sai a watan Mayun 1933. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ya kasance mai goyon bayan eugenics da euthanasia {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} kuma ya kasance a wurin zanga-zangar gas a wurin da za ta zama cibiyar euthanasia ta Brandenburg a watan Disamba 1939 ko Janairu 1940. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ba wai akidar launin fata ta Nazi ba ce ta ja hankalinsa, sai dai goyon bayansa ga kimiyyar launin fata da kuma hangen nesansa na "magani mai ci gaba". Da yake ya kafu sosai, Nitsche bai sake samun kwarin gwiwa daga ci gaban aiki ba, amma ya kasance mai himma a fannin akida lokacin da daga baya ya shiga Action T4 . == Euthanasia == Ya kasance mataimakin darakta na asibitin Sonnenstein daga 1913 zuwa 1918 kuma darektan cibiyar daga 1928 zuwa 1939. A shekarar 1940, ya zama mataimakin darakta na Ofishin Lafiya na Action T4 (Jamusanci: ''Medizinische Abteilung'' ) a ƙarƙashin Werner Heyde, wanda ke da wata ƙungiya mai suna Reich Cooperative for State Hospitals and Nursing Homes (Jamusanci: ''Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft Heil- und Pflegeanstalten'' ) wadda ke kula da rajista, kimantawa, da kuma zaɓar marasa lafiya don mutuwar manya. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} A matsayinsa na babban likitan shirin T4, {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Nitsche ya ɗauki nauyin yin wasiƙa da [[Asibitin Cututtukan Zuciya|cibiyoyin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa]] game da yin rijista da kuma canja wurin marasa lafiya don a kashe su. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ya gaji Heyde a matsayin shugaban ofishin likitanci a watan Disamba na 1941. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} == Shari'a da aiwatarwa == An kama shi a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1945. An yi shari'arsa daga ranar 16 ga Yuni, 1947, zuwa 7 ga Yuli, 1947. An yanke masa hukuncin kisa saboda laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama bisa ga Dokar Majalisar Kula da Kawancen Kawancen Mai Lamba 10 saboda kashe mutane sama da dubu ɗaya. Ya yi ƙoƙarin kare kansa daga ayyukansa, yana mai cewa an yi su ne don 'yantar da marasa lafiya daga radadi. An kashe shi ta hanyar amfani da bindigar guillotine a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1948, a Dresden. [1] == Duba kuma == * Aiki na T4 * Gwajin Likitoci * Gidan Tarihin Masu tabin hankali na Saxon == Manazarta == 8a3u4p0mgore6t2dm65jewhpv6vjpmq 968138 968137 2026-10-16T09:58:41Z Sardeeq 39275 968138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Pirna_Sonnenstein.jpg|thumb| Gida mai lamba 16, Schloss Sonnenstein, a matsayin abin tunawa]] '''Hermann Paul Nitsche''' (25 ga Nuwamba, 1876 - 25 ga Maris, 1948) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Jamus wanda aka san shi da amincewa da ƙwararre kan izinin [[euthanasia]] na Third Reich kuma wanda daga baya ya jagoranci Ofishin Lafiya na Shirin Euthanasia na T-4 . An yanke wa Nitsche hukuncin kisa saboda laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama saboda kashe mutane sama da dubu ɗaya, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa a watan Maris na shekarar 1948 a Dresden. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Nitsche a cikin 1876 a Colditz, Saxony. Mahaifinsa, Hermann Nitsche, likitan kwakwalwa ne. <ref name="Böhm">{{Cite journal |last=Böhm |first=B. |date=2012 |title=Paul Nitsche – Reformpsychiater und Hauptakteur der NS-"Euthanasie" |journal=Der Nervenarzt |publisher=Springer-Verlag |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=293–302 |doi=10.1007/s00115-011-3389-1 |pmid=22399059 |s2cid=32985121}}</ref> Ya halarci makarantar firamare (Jamus: <nowiki>''</nowiki> Volksschule <nowiki>''</nowiki> ) a Pirna daga 1882 zuwa 1887. <ref name="Böhm" /> == Sana'a == Nitsche ya sami lasisin aikin likitanci a shekarar 1901 kuma ya sami matsayin farfesa a shekarar 1925. Nitsche bai shiga Jam'iyyar Nazi ba sai a watan Mayun 1933. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ya kasance mai goyon bayan eugenics da euthanasia {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} kuma ya kasance a wurin zanga-zangar gas a wurin da za ta zama cibiyar euthanasia ta Brandenburg a watan Disamba 1939 ko Janairu 1940. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ba wai akidar launin fata ta Nazi ba ce ta ja hankalinsa, sai dai goyon bayansa ga kimiyyar launin fata da kuma hangen nesansa na "magani mai ci gaba". Da yake ya kafu sosai, Nitsche bai sake samun kwarin gwiwa daga ci gaban aiki ba, amma ya kasance mai himma a fannin akida lokacin da daga baya ya shiga Action T4 . == Euthanasia == Ya kasance mataimakin darakta na asibitin Sonnenstein daga 1913 zuwa 1918 kuma darektan cibiyar daga 1928 zuwa 1939. A shekarar 1940, ya zama mataimakin darakta na Ofishin Lafiya na Action T4 (Jamusanci: ''Medizinische Abteilung'' ) a ƙarƙashin Werner Heyde, wanda ke da wata ƙungiya mai suna Reich Cooperative for State Hospitals and Nursing Homes (Jamusanci: ''Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft Heil- und Pflegeanstalten'' ) wadda ke kula da rajista, kimantawa, da kuma zaɓar marasa lafiya don mutuwar manya. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} A matsayinsa na babban likitan shirin T4, {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Nitsche ya ɗauki nauyin yin wasiƙa da [[Asibitin Cututtukan Zuciya|cibiyoyin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa]] game da yin rijista da kuma canja wurin marasa lafiya don a kashe su. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ya gaji Heyde a matsayin shugaban ofishin likitanci a watan Disamba na 1941. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} == Shari'a da aiwatarwa == An kama shi a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1945. An yi shari'arsa daga ranar 16 ga Yuni, 1947, zuwa 7 ga Yuli, 1947. An yanke masa hukuncin kisa saboda laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama bisa ga Dokar Majalisar Kula da Kawancen Kawancen Mai Lamba 10 saboda kashe mutane sama da dubu ɗaya. Ya yi ƙoƙarin kare kansa daga ayyukansa, yana mai cewa an yi su ne don 'yantar da marasa lafiya daga radadi. An kashe shi ta hanyar amfani da bindigar guillotine a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1948, a Dresden. [1] == Duba kuma == * Aiki na T4 * Gwajin Likitoci * Gidan Tarihin Masu tabin hankali na Saxon == Manazarta == p75p7pdzq3s7lsbg52oo3fkjd3baw8s 968143 968138 2026-10-16T10:01:47Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Rayuwar farko */ 968143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Pirna_Sonnenstein.jpg|thumb| Gida mai lamba 16, Schloss Sonnenstein, a matsayin abin tunawa]] '''Hermann Paul Nitsche''' (25 ga Nuwamba, 1876 - 25 ga Maris, 1948) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Jamus wanda aka san shi da amincewa da ƙwararre kan izinin [[euthanasia]] na Third Reich kuma wanda daga baya ya jagoranci Ofishin Lafiya na Shirin Euthanasia na T-4 . An yanke wa Nitsche hukuncin kisa saboda laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama saboda kashe mutane sama da dubu ɗaya, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa a watan Maris na shekarar 1948 a Dresden. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Nitsche a cikin shekarar 1876 a Colditz, Saxony. Mahaifinsa, Hermann Nitsche, likitan kwakwalwa ne. <ref name="Böhm">{{Cite journal |last=Böhm |first=B. |date=2012 |title=Paul Nitsche – Reformpsychiater und Hauptakteur der NS-"Euthanasie" |journal=Der Nervenarzt |publisher=Springer-Verlag |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=293–302 |doi=10.1007/s00115-011-3389-1 |pmid=22399059 |s2cid=32985121}}</ref> Ya halarci makarantar firamare (Jamus: <nowiki>''</nowiki> Volksschule <nowiki>''</nowiki> ) a Pirna daga 1882 zuwa 1887. <ref name="Böhm" /> == Sana'a == Nitsche ya sami lasisin aikin likitanci a shekarar 1901 kuma ya sami matsayin farfesa a shekarar 1925. Nitsche bai shiga Jam'iyyar Nazi ba sai a watan Mayun 1933. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ya kasance mai goyon bayan eugenics da euthanasia {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} kuma ya kasance a wurin zanga-zangar gas a wurin da za ta zama cibiyar euthanasia ta Brandenburg a watan Disamba 1939 ko Janairu 1940. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ba wai akidar launin fata ta Nazi ba ce ta ja hankalinsa, sai dai goyon bayansa ga kimiyyar launin fata da kuma hangen nesansa na "magani mai ci gaba". Da yake ya kafu sosai, Nitsche bai sake samun kwarin gwiwa daga ci gaban aiki ba, amma ya kasance mai himma a fannin akida lokacin da daga baya ya shiga Action T4 . == Euthanasia == Ya kasance mataimakin darakta na asibitin Sonnenstein daga 1913 zuwa 1918 kuma darektan cibiyar daga 1928 zuwa 1939. A shekarar 1940, ya zama mataimakin darakta na Ofishin Lafiya na Action T4 (Jamusanci: ''Medizinische Abteilung'' ) a ƙarƙashin Werner Heyde, wanda ke da wata ƙungiya mai suna Reich Cooperative for State Hospitals and Nursing Homes (Jamusanci: ''Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft Heil- und Pflegeanstalten'' ) wadda ke kula da rajista, kimantawa, da kuma zaɓar marasa lafiya don mutuwar manya. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} A matsayinsa na babban likitan shirin T4, {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Nitsche ya ɗauki nauyin yin wasiƙa da [[Asibitin Cututtukan Zuciya|cibiyoyin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa]] game da yin rijista da kuma canja wurin marasa lafiya don a kashe su. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ya gaji Heyde a matsayin shugaban ofishin likitanci a watan Disamba na 1941. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} == Shari'a da aiwatarwa == An kama shi a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1945. An yi shari'arsa daga ranar 16 ga Yuni, 1947, zuwa 7 ga Yuli, 1947. An yanke masa hukuncin kisa saboda laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama bisa ga Dokar Majalisar Kula da Kawancen Kawancen Mai Lamba 10 saboda kashe mutane sama da dubu ɗaya. Ya yi ƙoƙarin kare kansa daga ayyukansa, yana mai cewa an yi su ne don 'yantar da marasa lafiya daga radadi. An kashe shi ta hanyar amfani da bindigar guillotine a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1948, a Dresden. [1] == Duba kuma == * Aiki na T4 * Gwajin Likitoci * Gidan Tarihin Masu tabin hankali na Saxon == Manazarta == haid5ug4k92k3wiyyy14exezd1w5hk6 968144 968143 2026-10-16T10:02:08Z Kamaf001 48297 968144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Pirna_Sonnenstein.jpg|thumb| Gida mai lamba 16, Schloss Sonnenstein, a matsayin abin tunawa]] '''Hermann Paul Nitsche''' (25 ga watan Nuwamba, 1876 - 25 ga Maris, 1948) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Jamus wanda aka san shi da amincewa da ƙwararre kan izinin [[euthanasia]] na Third Reich kuma wanda daga baya ya jagoranci Ofishin Lafiya na Shirin Euthanasia na T-4 . An yanke wa Nitsche hukuncin kisa saboda laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama saboda kashe mutane sama da dubu ɗaya, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa a watan Maris na shekarar 1948 a Dresden. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Nitsche a cikin shekarar 1876 a Colditz, Saxony. Mahaifinsa, Hermann Nitsche, likitan kwakwalwa ne. <ref name="Böhm">{{Cite journal |last=Böhm |first=B. |date=2012 |title=Paul Nitsche – Reformpsychiater und Hauptakteur der NS-"Euthanasie" |journal=Der Nervenarzt |publisher=Springer-Verlag |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=293–302 |doi=10.1007/s00115-011-3389-1 |pmid=22399059 |s2cid=32985121}}</ref> Ya halarci makarantar firamare (Jamus: <nowiki>''</nowiki> Volksschule <nowiki>''</nowiki> ) a Pirna daga 1882 zuwa 1887. <ref name="Böhm" /> == Sana'a == Nitsche ya sami lasisin aikin likitanci a shekarar 1901 kuma ya sami matsayin farfesa a shekarar 1925. Nitsche bai shiga Jam'iyyar Nazi ba sai a watan Mayun 1933. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ya kasance mai goyon bayan eugenics da euthanasia {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} kuma ya kasance a wurin zanga-zangar gas a wurin da za ta zama cibiyar euthanasia ta Brandenburg a watan Disamba 1939 ko Janairu 1940. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ba wai akidar launin fata ta Nazi ba ce ta ja hankalinsa, sai dai goyon bayansa ga kimiyyar launin fata da kuma hangen nesansa na "magani mai ci gaba". Da yake ya kafu sosai, Nitsche bai sake samun kwarin gwiwa daga ci gaban aiki ba, amma ya kasance mai himma a fannin akida lokacin da daga baya ya shiga Action T4 . == Euthanasia == Ya kasance mataimakin darakta na asibitin Sonnenstein daga 1913 zuwa 1918 kuma darektan cibiyar daga 1928 zuwa 1939. A shekarar 1940, ya zama mataimakin darakta na Ofishin Lafiya na Action T4 (Jamusanci: ''Medizinische Abteilung'' ) a ƙarƙashin Werner Heyde, wanda ke da wata ƙungiya mai suna Reich Cooperative for State Hospitals and Nursing Homes (Jamusanci: ''Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft Heil- und Pflegeanstalten'' ) wadda ke kula da rajista, kimantawa, da kuma zaɓar marasa lafiya don mutuwar manya. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} A matsayinsa na babban likitan shirin T4, {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Nitsche ya ɗauki nauyin yin wasiƙa da [[Asibitin Cututtukan Zuciya|cibiyoyin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa]] game da yin rijista da kuma canja wurin marasa lafiya don a kashe su. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ya gaji Heyde a matsayin shugaban ofishin likitanci a watan Disamba na 1941. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} == Shari'a da aiwatarwa == An kama shi a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1945. An yi shari'arsa daga ranar 16 ga Yuni, 1947, zuwa 7 ga Yuli, 1947. An yanke masa hukuncin kisa saboda laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama bisa ga Dokar Majalisar Kula da Kawancen Kawancen Mai Lamba 10 saboda kashe mutane sama da dubu ɗaya. Ya yi ƙoƙarin kare kansa daga ayyukansa, yana mai cewa an yi su ne don 'yantar da marasa lafiya daga radadi. An kashe shi ta hanyar amfani da bindigar guillotine a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1948, a Dresden. [1] == Duba kuma == * Aiki na T4 * Gwajin Likitoci * Gidan Tarihin Masu tabin hankali na Saxon == Manazarta == klwj2i5ifnto1q13p90sxrfxb912302 968146 968144 2026-10-16T10:02:25Z Kamaf001 48297 968146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Pirna_Sonnenstein.jpg|thumb| Gida mai lamba 16, Schloss Sonnenstein, a matsayin abin tunawa]] '''Hermann Paul Nitsche''' (25 ga watan Nuwamba, 1876 - 25 ga watan Maris, 1948) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Jamus wanda aka san shi da amincewa da ƙwararre kan izinin [[euthanasia]] na Third Reich kuma wanda daga baya ya jagoranci Ofishin Lafiya na Shirin Euthanasia na T-4 . An yanke wa Nitsche hukuncin kisa saboda laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama saboda kashe mutane sama da dubu ɗaya, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa a watan Maris na shekarar 1948 a Dresden. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Nitsche a cikin shekarar 1876 a Colditz, Saxony. Mahaifinsa, Hermann Nitsche, likitan kwakwalwa ne. <ref name="Böhm">{{Cite journal |last=Böhm |first=B. |date=2012 |title=Paul Nitsche – Reformpsychiater und Hauptakteur der NS-"Euthanasie" |journal=Der Nervenarzt |publisher=Springer-Verlag |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=293–302 |doi=10.1007/s00115-011-3389-1 |pmid=22399059 |s2cid=32985121}}</ref> Ya halarci makarantar firamare (Jamus: <nowiki>''</nowiki> Volksschule <nowiki>''</nowiki> ) a Pirna daga 1882 zuwa 1887. <ref name="Böhm" /> == Sana'a == Nitsche ya sami lasisin aikin likitanci a shekarar 1901 kuma ya sami matsayin farfesa a shekarar 1925. Nitsche bai shiga Jam'iyyar Nazi ba sai a watan Mayun 1933. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ya kasance mai goyon bayan eugenics da euthanasia {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} kuma ya kasance a wurin zanga-zangar gas a wurin da za ta zama cibiyar euthanasia ta Brandenburg a watan Disamba 1939 ko Janairu 1940. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ba wai akidar launin fata ta Nazi ba ce ta ja hankalinsa, sai dai goyon bayansa ga kimiyyar launin fata da kuma hangen nesansa na "magani mai ci gaba". Da yake ya kafu sosai, Nitsche bai sake samun kwarin gwiwa daga ci gaban aiki ba, amma ya kasance mai himma a fannin akida lokacin da daga baya ya shiga Action T4 . == Euthanasia == Ya kasance mataimakin darakta na asibitin Sonnenstein daga 1913 zuwa 1918 kuma darektan cibiyar daga 1928 zuwa 1939. A shekarar 1940, ya zama mataimakin darakta na Ofishin Lafiya na Action T4 (Jamusanci: ''Medizinische Abteilung'' ) a ƙarƙashin Werner Heyde, wanda ke da wata ƙungiya mai suna Reich Cooperative for State Hospitals and Nursing Homes (Jamusanci: ''Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft Heil- und Pflegeanstalten'' ) wadda ke kula da rajista, kimantawa, da kuma zaɓar marasa lafiya don mutuwar manya. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} A matsayinsa na babban likitan shirin T4, {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Nitsche ya ɗauki nauyin yin wasiƙa da [[Asibitin Cututtukan Zuciya|cibiyoyin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa]] game da yin rijista da kuma canja wurin marasa lafiya don a kashe su. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ya gaji Heyde a matsayin shugaban ofishin likitanci a watan Disamba na 1941. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} == Shari'a da aiwatarwa == An kama shi a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1945. An yi shari'arsa daga ranar 16 ga Yuni, 1947, zuwa 7 ga Yuli, 1947. An yanke masa hukuncin kisa saboda laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama bisa ga Dokar Majalisar Kula da Kawancen Kawancen Mai Lamba 10 saboda kashe mutane sama da dubu ɗaya. Ya yi ƙoƙarin kare kansa daga ayyukansa, yana mai cewa an yi su ne don 'yantar da marasa lafiya daga radadi. An kashe shi ta hanyar amfani da bindigar guillotine a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1948, a Dresden. [1] == Duba kuma == * Aiki na T4 * Gwajin Likitoci * Gidan Tarihin Masu tabin hankali na Saxon == Manazarta == 21qg9p8c1ip5e8l7h88xka2ptmbsiou 968147 968146 2026-10-16T10:02:43Z Kamaf001 48297 968147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Pirna_Sonnenstein.jpg|thumb| Gida mai lamba 16, Schloss Sonnenstein, a matsayin abin tunawa]] '''Hermann Paul Nitsche''' (25 ga watan Nuwamba, a shekarar alif 1876 - 25 ga watan Maris, 1948) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne na Jamus wanda aka san shi da amincewa da ƙwararre kan izinin [[euthanasia]] na Third Reich kuma wanda daga baya ya jagoranci Ofishin Lafiya na Shirin Euthanasia na T-4 . An yanke wa Nitsche hukuncin kisa saboda laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama saboda kashe mutane sama da dubu ɗaya, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa a watan Maris na shekarar 1948 a Dresden. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Nitsche a cikin shekarar 1876 a Colditz, Saxony. Mahaifinsa, Hermann Nitsche, likitan kwakwalwa ne. <ref name="Böhm">{{Cite journal |last=Böhm |first=B. |date=2012 |title=Paul Nitsche – Reformpsychiater und Hauptakteur der NS-"Euthanasie" |journal=Der Nervenarzt |publisher=Springer-Verlag |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=293–302 |doi=10.1007/s00115-011-3389-1 |pmid=22399059 |s2cid=32985121}}</ref> Ya halarci makarantar firamare (Jamus: <nowiki>''</nowiki> Volksschule <nowiki>''</nowiki> ) a Pirna daga 1882 zuwa 1887. <ref name="Böhm" /> == Sana'a == Nitsche ya sami lasisin aikin likitanci a shekarar 1901 kuma ya sami matsayin farfesa a shekarar 1925. Nitsche bai shiga Jam'iyyar Nazi ba sai a watan Mayun 1933. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ya kasance mai goyon bayan eugenics da euthanasia {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} kuma ya kasance a wurin zanga-zangar gas a wurin da za ta zama cibiyar euthanasia ta Brandenburg a watan Disamba 1939 ko Janairu 1940. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ba wai akidar launin fata ta Nazi ba ce ta ja hankalinsa, sai dai goyon bayansa ga kimiyyar launin fata da kuma hangen nesansa na "magani mai ci gaba". Da yake ya kafu sosai, Nitsche bai sake samun kwarin gwiwa daga ci gaban aiki ba, amma ya kasance mai himma a fannin akida lokacin da daga baya ya shiga Action T4 . == Euthanasia == Ya kasance mataimakin darakta na asibitin Sonnenstein daga 1913 zuwa 1918 kuma darektan cibiyar daga 1928 zuwa 1939. A shekarar 1940, ya zama mataimakin darakta na Ofishin Lafiya na Action T4 (Jamusanci: ''Medizinische Abteilung'' ) a ƙarƙashin Werner Heyde, wanda ke da wata ƙungiya mai suna Reich Cooperative for State Hospitals and Nursing Homes (Jamusanci: ''Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft Heil- und Pflegeanstalten'' ) wadda ke kula da rajista, kimantawa, da kuma zaɓar marasa lafiya don mutuwar manya. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} A matsayinsa na babban likitan shirin T4, {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Nitsche ya ɗauki nauyin yin wasiƙa da [[Asibitin Cututtukan Zuciya|cibiyoyin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa]] game da yin rijista da kuma canja wurin marasa lafiya don a kashe su. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} Ya gaji Heyde a matsayin shugaban ofishin likitanci a watan Disamba na 1941. {{Sfn|Friedlander|1995}} == Shari'a da aiwatarwa == An kama shi a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1945. An yi shari'arsa daga ranar 16 ga Yuni, 1947, zuwa 7 ga Yuli, 1947. An yanke masa hukuncin kisa saboda laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama bisa ga Dokar Majalisar Kula da Kawancen Kawancen Mai Lamba 10 saboda kashe mutane sama da dubu ɗaya. Ya yi ƙoƙarin kare kansa daga ayyukansa, yana mai cewa an yi su ne don 'yantar da marasa lafiya daga radadi. An kashe shi ta hanyar amfani da bindigar guillotine a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1948, a Dresden. [1] == Duba kuma == * Aiki na T4 * Gwajin Likitoci * Gidan Tarihin Masu tabin hankali na Saxon == Manazarta == r6ga04fpvfre9jwvbdirvdtcxgcisf0 0 179355 968140 2026-10-16T10:00:40Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347968415|Franz Nissl]]" 968140 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Franz Alexander Nissl''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1994){{IPA|de|ˈnɪsl̩|lang}} ; 9 Satumba 1860 - 11 Agusta 1919) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne kuma mai bincike kan likitanci na Jamus. Ya kasance ƙwararren likitan jijiyoyi . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Nissl a Frankenthal ga Theodor Nissl da Maria Haas. Theodor ya koyar da Latin a wata makarantar Katolika kuma yana son Franz ya zama firist. Koyaya, Franz ya shiga Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München don nazarin [[Ilimin magunguna|likitanci]] . Daga baya, ya ƙware a fannin ilimin tabin hankali. Daya daga cikin malaman jami'ar Nissl shine [[Bernhard von Gudden]] . Mataimakiyarsa, [[Sigbert Josef Maria Ganser]] ta ba da shawarar cewa Nissl ya rubuta muƙala kan cututtukan ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa. Lokacin da malaman likitanci suka bayar da gasa don samun kyauta a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi a shekarar 1884, Nissl ya gudanar da binciken kwakwalwa da kwakwalwa. Ya yi amfani da barasa a matsayin maganin gyara jiki kuma ya ƙirƙiro wata dabarar yin tabo wadda ta ba da damar nuna sabbin abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi. Nissl ya lashe kyautar, kuma ya rubuta takardar digirin digirgir a kan wannan batu a shekarar 1885. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Whonamedit - Franz Nissl |url=http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2465.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228054933/http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2465.html |archive-date=28 February 2014 |access-date=2014-04-19}} Biography of Franz Nissl, accessed 1 November 2009</ref> == Aiki a binciken likitanci da ilimi == Farfesa von Gudden shi ne alkali a gasar rubuta muƙala ta jami'a ta Nissl, kuma ya yi matuƙar mamakin binciken har ya ba Nissl mataimakinsa a gidan sarautar Furstenried da ke kudu maso yammacin [[München|Munich]], inda ɗaya daga cikin nauyin da ke kansa shi ne kula da Yarima Otto mai hauka. Nissl ya yarda, kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa a wannan mukamin daga 1885 har zuwa 1888. Akwai ƙaramin dakin gwaje-gwaje a gidan sarautar, wanda ya ba Nissl damar ci gaba da bincikensa na cututtukan jijiyoyi. A shekara ta 1888, Nissl ya koma Cibiyar Blankenheim. A cikin 1889, ya tafi Frankfurt a matsayin na biyu a matsayi a ƙarƙashin Emil Sioli (1852-1922) a Städtische Irrenanstalt. A can ya haɗu da likitan kwakwalwa Ludwig Edinger da kuma masanin cututtukan jijiyoyi Karl Weigert, wanda ke fama da tabon jijiyoyi. Wannan aikin ya ƙarfafa Nissl ya yi nazarin cututtukan kwakwalwa da na jijiyoyi ta hanyar danganta su da canje-canje da ake iya gani a cikin ƙwayoyin glial, abubuwan jini, [[Tashohin jini|tasoshin jini]] da [[Ƙwaƙwalwar dan Adam|kyallen kwakwalwa]] gabaɗaya. A Frankfurt, Nissl ta saba da Alois Alzheimer, kuma sun yi aiki tare tsawon shekaru bakwai. Sun zama abokai na kut-da-kut, tare suna gyara Histologische und histopathologische Arbeiten über die Grosshirnrinde (1904-1921). A shekarar 1895, [[Emil Kraepelin]] ya gayyaci Nissl da ya zama mataimakin likita a Jami'ar Heidelberg . A shekarar 1904 ya zama cikakken farfesa a wannan cibiyar, kuma ya zama darektan Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Halayyar Dan Adam lokacin da Kraepelin ya koma Munich. == Daga baya rayuwa da mutuwa == Nauyin koyarwa da gudanarwa, tare da rashin ingantattun cibiyoyin bincike, ya tilasta wa Nissl barin ayyukan kimiyya da yawa ba a kammala su ba. Ya kuma yi fama da cutar koda. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]] an tuhume shi da gudanar da babban asibitin sojoji. A cikin 1918, Kraepelin ya sake gayyatar Nissl don karɓar matsayin bincike a Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie a Munich. Bayan shekara guda a wannan matsayin, inda ya yi bincike tare da Korbinian Brodmann da Walther Spielmeyer, ya mutu a shekarar 1919 sakamakon cutar koda. == Na Kai == Nissl ƙanƙane ne, kuma ba shi da tsayi sosai. Yana da alamar haihuwa a fuskarsa ta hagu. Bai taɓa yin aure ba, kuma rayuwarsa ta dogara ne kawai akan aikinsa. Wata rana, don yin barkwanci, Nissl (wanda mai fafutukar yaƙi da shan barasa ne) ya ajiye jerin kwalaben giya marasa komai a wajen dakin gwaje-gwajensa kuma ya tabbatar da cewa Kraepelin ya ji cewa an same shi kwance a ƙarƙashin teburinsa, yana maye. Nissl ƙwararren mai buga piano ne. Likitan Nazi Hugo Spatz (1888-1969) ya ba da labarin haɗuwarsa ta farko, lokacin da Spatz ya nemi aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Nissl. Nissl yana cikin aiki a safiyar nan kuma ya roƙi ɗalibin ya zo gidansa da ƙarfe goma sha biyu. Lokacin da Spatz ya zo gidan da tsakar rana, Nissl bai nan, kuma mai kula da gidan ya yanke shawarar cewa Farfesan yana nufin sha biyu da dare, don haka Spatz ya dawo a daren. A lokacin, Nissl yana gida, amma Spatz ya jira a ɗakin kwana na rabin sa'a har sai da Nissl ya gama waƙar piano da yake bugawa. Tattaunawar ta ci gaba har zuwa wayewar gari. == Gado == Wataƙila Nissl shine babban likitan jijiyoyi na zamaninsa kuma ƙwararren likita wanda ya shahara da amfani da huda kashin baya, wanda Heinrich Quincke ya gabatar. Nissl ya kuma yi nazarin alaƙar jijiyoyi tsakanin cortex na ɗan adam da ƙwayoyin thalamic ; yana tsakiyar wannan binciken a lokacin mutuwarsa. An ɗauko misali na falsafar bincikensa daga rubuce-rubucensa na 1896: == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1919]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 31tpwoftg8fjx6qm5c8fhe67qot61xd 968141 968140 2026-10-16T10:01:02Z Sardeeq 39275 968141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Franz Alexander Nissl''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1994){{IPA|de|ˈnɪsl̩|lang}} ; 9 Satumba 1860 - 11 Agusta 1919) ƙwararren likitan tabin hankali ne kuma mai bincike kan likitanci na Jamus. Ya kasance ƙwararren likitan jijiyoyi . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Nissl a Frankenthal ga Theodor Nissl da Maria Haas. Theodor ya koyar da Latin a wata makarantar Katolika kuma yana son Franz ya zama firist. Koyaya, Franz ya shiga Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München don nazarin [[Ilimin magunguna|likitanci]] . Daga baya, ya ƙware a fannin ilimin tabin hankali. Daya daga cikin malaman jami'ar Nissl shine [[Bernhard von Gudden]] . Mataimakiyarsa, [[Sigbert Josef Maria Ganser]] ta ba da shawarar cewa Nissl ya rubuta muƙala kan cututtukan ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa. Lokacin da malaman likitanci suka bayar da gasa don samun kyauta a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi a shekarar 1884, Nissl ya gudanar da binciken kwakwalwa da kwakwalwa. Ya yi amfani da barasa a matsayin maganin gyara jiki kuma ya ƙirƙiro wata dabarar yin tabo wadda ta ba da damar nuna sabbin abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi. Nissl ya lashe kyautar, kuma ya rubuta takardar digirin digirgir a kan wannan batu a shekarar 1885. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Whonamedit - Franz Nissl |url=http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2465.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228054933/http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2465.html |archive-date=28 February 2014 |access-date=2014-04-19}} Biography of Franz Nissl, accessed 1 November 2009</ref> == Aiki a binciken likitanci da ilimi == Farfesa von Gudden shi ne alkali a gasar rubuta muƙala ta jami'a ta Nissl, kuma ya yi matuƙar mamakin binciken har ya ba Nissl mataimakinsa a gidan sarautar Furstenried da ke kudu maso yammacin [[München|Munich]], inda ɗaya daga cikin nauyin da ke kansa shi ne kula da Yarima Otto mai hauka. Nissl ya yarda, kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa a wannan mukamin daga 1885 har zuwa 1888. Akwai ƙaramin dakin gwaje-gwaje a gidan sarautar, wanda ya ba Nissl damar ci gaba da bincikensa na cututtukan jijiyoyi. A shekara ta 1888, Nissl ya koma Cibiyar Blankenheim. A cikin 1889, ya tafi Frankfurt a matsayin na biyu a matsayi a ƙarƙashin Emil Sioli (1852-1922) a Städtische Irrenanstalt. A can ya haɗu da likitan kwakwalwa Ludwig Edinger da kuma masanin cututtukan jijiyoyi Karl Weigert, wanda ke fama da tabon jijiyoyi. Wannan aikin ya ƙarfafa Nissl ya yi nazarin cututtukan kwakwalwa da na jijiyoyi ta hanyar danganta su da canje-canje da ake iya gani a cikin ƙwayoyin glial, abubuwan jini, [[Tashohin jini|tasoshin jini]] da [[Ƙwaƙwalwar dan Adam|kyallen kwakwalwa]] gabaɗaya. A Frankfurt, Nissl ta saba da Alois Alzheimer, kuma sun yi aiki tare tsawon shekaru bakwai. Sun zama abokai na kut-da-kut, tare suna gyara Histologische und histopathologische Arbeiten über die Grosshirnrinde (1904-1921). A shekarar 1895, [[Emil Kraepelin]] ya gayyaci Nissl da ya zama mataimakin likita a Jami'ar Heidelberg . A shekarar 1904 ya zama cikakken farfesa a wannan cibiyar, kuma ya zama darektan Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Halayyar Dan Adam lokacin da Kraepelin ya koma Munich. == Daga baya rayuwa da mutuwa == Nauyin koyarwa da gudanarwa, tare da rashin ingantattun cibiyoyin bincike, ya tilasta wa Nissl barin ayyukan kimiyya da yawa ba a kammala su ba. Ya kuma yi fama da cutar koda. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]] an tuhume shi da gudanar da babban asibitin sojoji. A cikin 1918, Kraepelin ya sake gayyatar Nissl don karɓar matsayin bincike a Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie a Munich. Bayan shekara guda a wannan matsayin, inda ya yi bincike tare da Korbinian Brodmann da Walther Spielmeyer, ya mutu a shekarar 1919 sakamakon cutar koda. == Na Kai == Nissl ƙanƙane ne, kuma ba shi da tsayi sosai. Yana da alamar haihuwa a fuskarsa ta hagu. Bai taɓa yin aure ba, kuma rayuwarsa ta dogara ne kawai akan aikinsa. Wata rana, don yin barkwanci, Nissl (wanda mai fafutukar yaƙi da shan barasa ne) ya ajiye jerin kwalaben giya marasa komai a wajen dakin gwaje-gwajensa kuma ya tabbatar da cewa Kraepelin ya ji cewa an same shi kwance a ƙarƙashin teburinsa, yana maye. Nissl ƙwararren mai buga piano ne. Likitan Nazi Hugo Spatz (1888-1969) ya ba da labarin haɗuwarsa ta farko, lokacin da Spatz ya nemi aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Nissl. Nissl yana cikin aiki a safiyar nan kuma ya roƙi ɗalibin ya zo gidansa da ƙarfe goma sha biyu. Lokacin da Spatz ya zo gidan da tsakar rana, Nissl bai nan, kuma mai kula da gidan ya yanke shawarar cewa Farfesan yana nufin sha biyu da dare, don haka Spatz ya dawo a daren. A lokacin, Nissl yana gida, amma Spatz ya jira a ɗakin kwana na rabin sa'a har sai da Nissl ya gama waƙar piano da yake bugawa. Tattaunawar ta ci gaba har zuwa wayewar gari. == Gado == Wataƙila Nissl shine babban likitan jijiyoyi na zamaninsa kuma ƙwararren likita wanda ya shahara da amfani da huda kashin baya, wanda Heinrich Quincke ya gabatar. Nissl ya kuma yi nazarin alaƙar jijiyoyi tsakanin cortex na ɗan adam da ƙwayoyin thalamic ; yana tsakiyar wannan binciken a lokacin mutuwarsa. An ɗauko misali na falsafar bincikensa daga rubuce-rubucensa na 1896: == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1919]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7laibz3aa0q0qx8bvyrvb22bpl3n7rq 0 179356 968142 2026-10-16T10:01:06Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 968142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Toru-Orua''' wata al'umma ce da ke cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Sagbama]], a Jihar Bayelsa, [[Najeriya]]. Tana ɗaya daga cikin al'ummomi da dama da ke cikin [[Jihar Bayelsa]]. Al'ummar ta dogara sosai da noma, kuma ruwa ya kewaye ta. Mazauna asalin yankin sun fi gudanar da ayyukan kamun kifi da noma. Al'ummar tana ƙarƙashin Masarautar Tarakiri ta al'ummar [[Mutanen Ijaw|Ijaw]], kuma tana kusa da Kogin Forcados.<ref>{{Cite news |title=When Governor Dickson Pulled Nigeria to Toru-Orua - THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/08/24/when-governor-dickson-pulled-nigeria-to-toru-orua |access-date=2024-02-09 |newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eyemark |url=https://eyemark.ng/project/construction-of-fire-service-station-in-toru-orua-community-sagbama-lga-bayelsa-west-senatorial-di-ergp202203377/overview |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=eyemark.ng |language=en}}</ref> == Ambaliyar ruwa == Saboda ruwa ya kewaye al'ummar, ambaliyar ruwa ta kasance matsala da ta dade tana addabar yankin. Wannan kan sa mazauna da dama barin gidajensu.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/102294-flood-primary-school-building-collapses-in-bayelsa.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2024-02-09 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]] |date=2012-10-03 |title=Flood: Primary school building collapses in Bayelsa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520023507/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/102294-flood-primary-school-building-collapses-in-bayelsa.html?tztc=1 |archive-date=2024-05-20}}</ref> == Cibiyoyin ilimi == Al'ummar tana da [[Jami'ar Afirka, Toru-Orua]] a cikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tona |first=Fidelia |date=2022-08-23 |title=University of Africa, Toru-Orua set for 1st Convocation |url=https://bayelsawatch.com/university-of-africa-toru-orua-set-for-1st-convocation/ |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=BayelsaWatch |language=en-US}}</ref> == Fitattun mutane == * [[Henry Seriake Dickson|Seriake Dickson]] == Duba kuma == * [[Jihar Bayelsa]] * [[Opukushi]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wuraren da ake zaune a Jihar Bayelsa]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} mummn50hcp9zr5dzre2g5vsnzbv02ib 0 179357 968145 2026-10-16T10:02:21Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377825854|Museum of Images of the Unconscious]]" 968145 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gidan kayan tarihi na Hotuna daga Marasa sani''' (Portuguese: '''Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente''' ) an kaddamar da shi a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1952, a cikin Cibiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta Kasa a cikin unguwar Engenho de Dentro na Rio de Janeiro, wanda likitan kwakwalwa Nise da Silveira ya fara. Yana ɗauke da ayyukan fasaha kimanin 350,000 da marasa lafiya da ke fama da tabin hankali suka ƙirƙira ta hanyar fasahar da Dr. Nise ya yi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TIMELINE {{!}} MUSEUM |url=https://www.museuimagensdoinconsciente.org.br/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=MII |language=pt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=O rico legado do Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente - 26/07/2015 - Ilustríssima |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrissima/2015/07/1659929-o-rico-legado-do-museu-de-imagens-do-inconsciente.shtml |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=Folha de S.Paulo}}</ref> == Gidauniya == An kafa gidan tarihi a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1952. A kan magungunan da suka mamaye al'ada a shekarun 1940 (kamar electroshock, lobotomy, insulin therapy ), <ref name="A">{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=Aperjrio: Uso de insulinoterapia em Psiquiatria Infantil Brasileira |url=http://www.aperjrio.org.br/publicacoes/revista/2006/abr/P05.pdf |access-date=2023-05-26}} {{Dead link|date=June 2023}}</ref> likitan tabin hankali Nise da Silveira ta yi aikin magani ta hanyar fasahar zamani a cikin Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Aiki da Gyaran Jiki (STOR) na cibiyar kula da tabin hankali. Ta karɓi ragamar jagorancin sashen a shekarar 1946 kuma ta kafa ɗakin zane da sassaka a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1946, a wani yanki na gudanarwa da ba a amfani da shi a cikin ginin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Dionísio |first=Gustavo Henrique |date=September 2001 |title=Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente: considerações sobre sua história |url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1414-98932001000300005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt |journal=Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão |volume=21 |pages=30–35 |doi=10.1590/S1414-98932001000300005 |issn=1414-9893 |url-access=subscription |hdl-access=free}}</ref> A wancan lokacin, Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka tana da kimanin marasa lafiya 1,500, waɗanda yawancinsu ke da [[Hauka|cutar schizophrenia]] mai tsanani. Bayan watanni uku da marasa lafiya suka yi amfani da su, a ranar 22 ga Disamba na wannan shekarar, an gudanar da baje kolin farko. A cikin wannan baje kolin, an nuna wa marasa lafiya 35 zane-zanensu, tare da manya 20 da yara 15 daga cikinsu. Baje kolin ya jawo hankalin Ma'aikatar Ilimi, wadda ta samar da sarari a hedikwatarta don a nuna zane-zane ga jama'a masu sha'awar zane. Watanni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1947, aka gudanar da baje kolin karo na biyu, a wannan karon don ayyukan marasa lafiya guda 245 da masu fasaha suka yi. Daga baya aka mayar da baje kolin zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa . <ref name=":0" /> An gudanar da baje kolin ayyukan kula da lafiyar jiki na marasa lafiya daga Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka ta Ƙasa a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1949, kuma an haɗa ayyukan fasaha 149 a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Zamani da ke [[São Paulo]] . An kuma gabatar da shi a zauren majalisar birnin tsakanin 25 ga Nuwamba, 1949, da 10 ga Janairu, 1950. <ref name=":0" /> A ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1952, daraktan cibiyar a wancan lokacin, Paulo Elejade, ya kaddamar da Gidan Tarihi na Hotuna daga Mara Sani. An kafa gidan tarihin ne da nufin adana ayyukan da aka samar a cikin ɗakunan ajiya, waɗanda suka zama tushen fahimtar marasa lafiya sosai. Ta wannan gidan tarihi, Nise da Silveira ta sami nasarar ɗaukar tattaunawar fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Babban taron ya faru ne a Zürich, Switzerland, a shekarar 1957, a lokacin taron duniya na biyu na ilimin tabin hankali, wanda [[Carl Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]] ya halarta. Baya ga wannan baje kolin, akwai ɗaruruwan wasu a biranen Brazil da kuma ƙasashen waje. <ref name=":0" /> "Gidan Tarihi Mai Rai" ne, domin, ban da ayyukan da aka samar, akwai kuma masu ƙirƙirar, tunda akwai ɗakin studio a cikin gidan tarihin. Muhawarar da ke tsakanin masu suka Mário Pedrosa da Quirino Campofiorito sun ba da ganuwa ga gidan kayan gargajiya. Pedrosa ya kira fasahar da aka samar a gidan tarihi "Arte Virgem" da Campofiorito "fasaha ta farko". Duk da haka, dukansu sun yarda da alaƙar da ke tsakanin fasaha da lafiyar kwakwalwa. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> Tarin kayan tarihin ya haɗa da ayyukan Adelina Gomes (1916-1984), Carlos Pertuis (1916-1977), Fernando Diniz (1918-1999), Emygdio de Barros (1895-1986) a tsakanin sauran su. Saboda darajar fasaha da kimiyya, IPHAN ta lissafa tarin littattafai guda takwas, tarin marubuta shida da kuma wasu ayyuka 53,133. A shekarar 2015, Gidan Tarihi na Hotuna daga Unconscious yana da ayyuka kusan 360,000, 127,000 daga cikinsu Cibiyar Tarihi da Fasaha ta Ƙasa ta lissafa su. A yau, gidan tarihi yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Luiz Carlos Mello, wanda ya yi aiki tare da likitan tabin hankali tsawon shekaru 26. Luiz Carlos shi ma marubucin littafin Nise da Silveira: Paths of a Rebellious Psychiatrist. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Travessa.com.br: Livro - Luiz Carlos Mello |url=https://www.travessa.com.br/Luiz_Carlos_Mello/autor/763f8046-5373-47f5-9073-01d38ebacf0c |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=www.travessa.com.br}}</ref> == Fim ɗin fim == A shekarar 1989, an fitar da fim ɗin Leon Hirszman ''mai suna Imagens do Inconsciente'', wanda ke ba da labarin rayuwar Adelina Gomes, Fernando Diniz, da Carlos Pertuis, marasa lafiya uku a Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka ta Ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAZ Cinema - Favoritos - Imagens do Inconsciente |url=http://www.terra.com.br/cinema/favoritos/inconsciente.htm |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=www.terra.com.br}}</ref> Baya ga wannan, an ba da labarin gidauniyar gidan kayan tarihi a cikin fim ɗin Brazil mai suna Nise: The Heart of Madness, wanda Roberto Berliner ya ba da umarni. Fim ɗin ya samo asali ne daga bincike mai zurfi na tsawon shekaru 13, kuma an gina shi ne akan rayuwar likitan tabin hankali Nise da Silveira. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ov0j8latk0jv5z817g8qa9gx4sbprs9 968148 968145 2026-10-16T10:02:47Z Sardeeq 39275 968148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan kayan tarihi na Hotuna daga Marasa sani''' (Portuguese: '''Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente''' ) an kaddamar da shi a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1952, a cikin Cibiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta Kasa a cikin unguwar Engenho de Dentro na Rio de Janeiro, wanda likitan kwakwalwa Nise da Silveira ya fara. Yana ɗauke da ayyukan fasaha kimanin 350,000 da marasa lafiya da ke fama da tabin hankali suka ƙirƙira ta hanyar fasahar da Dr. Nise ya yi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TIMELINE {{!}} MUSEUM |url=https://www.museuimagensdoinconsciente.org.br/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=MII |language=pt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=O rico legado do Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente - 26/07/2015 - Ilustríssima |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrissima/2015/07/1659929-o-rico-legado-do-museu-de-imagens-do-inconsciente.shtml |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=Folha de S.Paulo}}</ref> == Gidauniya == An kafa gidan tarihi a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1952. A kan magungunan da suka mamaye al'ada a shekarun 1940 (kamar electroshock, lobotomy, insulin therapy ), <ref name="A">{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=Aperjrio: Uso de insulinoterapia em Psiquiatria Infantil Brasileira |url=http://www.aperjrio.org.br/publicacoes/revista/2006/abr/P05.pdf |access-date=2023-05-26}} {{Dead link|date=June 2023}}</ref> likitan tabin hankali Nise da Silveira ta yi aikin magani ta hanyar fasahar zamani a cikin Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Aiki da Gyaran Jiki (STOR) na cibiyar kula da tabin hankali. Ta karɓi ragamar jagorancin sashen a shekarar 1946 kuma ta kafa ɗakin zane da sassaka a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1946, a wani yanki na gudanarwa da ba a amfani da shi a cikin ginin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Dionísio |first=Gustavo Henrique |date=September 2001 |title=Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente: considerações sobre sua história |url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1414-98932001000300005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt |journal=Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão |volume=21 |pages=30–35 |doi=10.1590/S1414-98932001000300005 |issn=1414-9893 |url-access=subscription |hdl-access=free}}</ref> A wancan lokacin, Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka tana da kimanin marasa lafiya 1,500, waɗanda yawancinsu ke da [[Hauka|cutar schizophrenia]] mai tsanani. Bayan watanni uku da marasa lafiya suka yi amfani da su, a ranar 22 ga Disamba na wannan shekarar, an gudanar da baje kolin farko. A cikin wannan baje kolin, an nuna wa marasa lafiya 35 zane-zanensu, tare da manya 20 da yara 15 daga cikinsu. Baje kolin ya jawo hankalin Ma'aikatar Ilimi, wadda ta samar da sarari a hedikwatarta don a nuna zane-zane ga jama'a masu sha'awar zane. Watanni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1947, aka gudanar da baje kolin karo na biyu, a wannan karon don ayyukan marasa lafiya guda 245 da masu fasaha suka yi. Daga baya aka mayar da baje kolin zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa . <ref name=":0" /> An gudanar da baje kolin ayyukan kula da lafiyar jiki na marasa lafiya daga Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka ta Ƙasa a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1949, kuma an haɗa ayyukan fasaha 149 a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Zamani da ke [[São Paulo]] . An kuma gabatar da shi a zauren majalisar birnin tsakanin 25 ga Nuwamba, 1949, da 10 ga Janairu, 1950. <ref name=":0" /> A ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1952, daraktan cibiyar a wancan lokacin, Paulo Elejade, ya kaddamar da Gidan Tarihi na Hotuna daga Mara Sani. An kafa gidan tarihin ne da nufin adana ayyukan da aka samar a cikin ɗakunan ajiya, waɗanda suka zama tushen fahimtar marasa lafiya sosai. Ta wannan gidan tarihi, Nise da Silveira ta sami nasarar ɗaukar tattaunawar fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Babban taron ya faru ne a Zürich, Switzerland, a shekarar 1957, a lokacin taron duniya na biyu na ilimin tabin hankali, wanda [[Carl Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]] ya halarta. Baya ga wannan baje kolin, akwai ɗaruruwan wasu a biranen Brazil da kuma ƙasashen waje. <ref name=":0" /> "Gidan Tarihi Mai Rai" ne, domin, ban da ayyukan da aka samar, akwai kuma masu ƙirƙirar, tunda akwai ɗakin studio a cikin gidan tarihin. Muhawarar da ke tsakanin masu suka Mário Pedrosa da Quirino Campofiorito sun ba da ganuwa ga gidan kayan gargajiya. Pedrosa ya kira fasahar da aka samar a gidan tarihi "Arte Virgem" da Campofiorito "fasaha ta farko". Duk da haka, dukansu sun yarda da alaƙar da ke tsakanin fasaha da lafiyar kwakwalwa. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> Tarin kayan tarihin ya haɗa da ayyukan Adelina Gomes (1916-1984), Carlos Pertuis (1916-1977), Fernando Diniz (1918-1999), Emygdio de Barros (1895-1986) a tsakanin sauran su. Saboda darajar fasaha da kimiyya, IPHAN ta lissafa tarin littattafai guda takwas, tarin marubuta shida da kuma wasu ayyuka 53,133. A shekarar 2015, Gidan Tarihi na Hotuna daga Unconscious yana da ayyuka kusan 360,000, 127,000 daga cikinsu Cibiyar Tarihi da Fasaha ta Ƙasa ta lissafa su. A yau, gidan tarihi yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Luiz Carlos Mello, wanda ya yi aiki tare da likitan tabin hankali tsawon shekaru 26. Luiz Carlos shi ma marubucin littafin Nise da Silveira: Paths of a Rebellious Psychiatrist. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Travessa.com.br: Livro - Luiz Carlos Mello |url=https://www.travessa.com.br/Luiz_Carlos_Mello/autor/763f8046-5373-47f5-9073-01d38ebacf0c |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=www.travessa.com.br}}</ref> == Fim ɗin fim == A shekarar 1989, an fitar da fim ɗin Leon Hirszman ''mai suna Imagens do Inconsciente'', wanda ke ba da labarin rayuwar Adelina Gomes, Fernando Diniz, da Carlos Pertuis, marasa lafiya uku a Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka ta Ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAZ Cinema - Favoritos - Imagens do Inconsciente |url=http://www.terra.com.br/cinema/favoritos/inconsciente.htm |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=www.terra.com.br}}</ref> Baya ga wannan, an ba da labarin gidauniyar gidan kayan tarihi a cikin fim ɗin Brazil mai suna Nise: The Heart of Madness, wanda Roberto Berliner ya ba da umarni. Fim ɗin ya samo asali ne daga bincike mai zurfi na tsawon shekaru 13, kuma an gina shi ne akan rayuwar likitan tabin hankali Nise da Silveira. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jjndmvynandq8fg9fg83gt98odtddfj 968174 968148 2026-10-16T10:15:28Z Kamaf001 48297 968174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan kayan tarihi na Hotuna daga Marasa sani''' (Portuguese: '''Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente''' ) an kaddamar da shi a ranar 20 ga watan Mayu, a shekarar 1952, a cikin Cibiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta Kasa a cikin unguwar Engenho de Dentro na Rio de Janeiro, wanda likitan kwakwalwa Nise da Silveira ya fara. Yana ɗauke da ayyukan fasaha kimanin 350,000 da marasa lafiya da ke fama da tabin hankali suka ƙirƙira ta hanyar fasahar da Dr. Nise ya yi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TIMELINE {{!}} MUSEUM |url=https://www.museuimagensdoinconsciente.org.br/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=MII |language=pt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=O rico legado do Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente - 26/07/2015 - Ilustríssima |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrissima/2015/07/1659929-o-rico-legado-do-museu-de-imagens-do-inconsciente.shtml |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=Folha de S.Paulo}}</ref> == Gidauniya == An kafa gidan tarihi a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1952. A kan magungunan da suka mamaye al'ada a shekarun 1940 (kamar electroshock, lobotomy, insulin therapy ), <ref name="A">{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=Aperjrio: Uso de insulinoterapia em Psiquiatria Infantil Brasileira |url=http://www.aperjrio.org.br/publicacoes/revista/2006/abr/P05.pdf |access-date=2023-05-26}} {{Dead link|date=June 2023}}</ref> likitan tabin hankali Nise da Silveira ta yi aikin magani ta hanyar fasahar zamani a cikin Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Aiki da Gyaran Jiki (STOR) na cibiyar kula da tabin hankali. Ta karɓi ragamar jagorancin sashen a shekarar 1946 kuma ta kafa ɗakin zane da sassaka a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1946, a wani yanki na gudanarwa da ba a amfani da shi a cikin ginin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Dionísio |first=Gustavo Henrique |date=September 2001 |title=Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente: considerações sobre sua história |url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1414-98932001000300005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt |journal=Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão |volume=21 |pages=30–35 |doi=10.1590/S1414-98932001000300005 |issn=1414-9893 |url-access=subscription |hdl-access=free}}</ref> A wancan lokacin, Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka tana da kimanin marasa lafiya 1,500, waɗanda yawancinsu ke da [[Hauka|cutar schizophrenia]] mai tsanani. Bayan watanni uku da marasa lafiya suka yi amfani da su, a ranar 22 ga Disamba na wannan shekarar, an gudanar da baje kolin farko. A cikin wannan baje kolin, an nuna wa marasa lafiya 35 zane-zanensu, tare da manya 20 da yara 15 daga cikinsu. Baje kolin ya jawo hankalin Ma'aikatar Ilimi, wadda ta samar da sarari a hedikwatarta don a nuna zane-zane ga jama'a masu sha'awar zane. Watanni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1947, aka gudanar da baje kolin karo na biyu, a wannan karon don ayyukan marasa lafiya guda 245 da masu fasaha suka yi. Daga baya aka mayar da baje kolin zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa . <ref name=":0" /> An gudanar da baje kolin ayyukan kula da lafiyar jiki na marasa lafiya daga Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka ta Ƙasa a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1949, kuma an haɗa ayyukan fasaha 149 a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Zamani da ke [[São Paulo]] . An kuma gabatar da shi a zauren majalisar birnin tsakanin 25 ga Nuwamba, 1949, da 10 ga Janairu, 1950. <ref name=":0" /> A ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1952, daraktan cibiyar a wancan lokacin, Paulo Elejade, ya kaddamar da Gidan Tarihi na Hotuna daga Mara Sani. An kafa gidan tarihin ne da nufin adana ayyukan da aka samar a cikin ɗakunan ajiya, waɗanda suka zama tushen fahimtar marasa lafiya sosai. Ta wannan gidan tarihi, Nise da Silveira ta sami nasarar ɗaukar tattaunawar fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Babban taron ya faru ne a Zürich, Switzerland, a shekarar 1957, a lokacin taron duniya na biyu na ilimin tabin hankali, wanda [[Carl Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]] ya halarta. Baya ga wannan baje kolin, akwai ɗaruruwan wasu a biranen Brazil da kuma ƙasashen waje. <ref name=":0" /> "Gidan Tarihi Mai Rai" ne, domin, ban da ayyukan da aka samar, akwai kuma masu ƙirƙirar, tunda akwai ɗakin studio a cikin gidan tarihin. Muhawarar da ke tsakanin masu suka Mário Pedrosa da Quirino Campofiorito sun ba da ganuwa ga gidan kayan gargajiya. Pedrosa ya kira fasahar da aka samar a gidan tarihi "Arte Virgem" da Campofiorito "fasaha ta farko". Duk da haka, dukansu sun yarda da alaƙar da ke tsakanin fasaha da lafiyar kwakwalwa. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> Tarin kayan tarihin ya haɗa da ayyukan Adelina Gomes (1916-1984), Carlos Pertuis (1916-1977), Fernando Diniz (1918-1999), Emygdio de Barros (1895-1986) a tsakanin sauran su. Saboda darajar fasaha da kimiyya, IPHAN ta lissafa tarin littattafai guda takwas, tarin marubuta shida da kuma wasu ayyuka 53,133. A shekarar 2015, Gidan Tarihi na Hotuna daga Unconscious yana da ayyuka kusan 360,000, 127,000 daga cikinsu Cibiyar Tarihi da Fasaha ta Ƙasa ta lissafa su. A yau, gidan tarihi yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Luiz Carlos Mello, wanda ya yi aiki tare da likitan tabin hankali tsawon shekaru 26. Luiz Carlos shi ma marubucin littafin Nise da Silveira: Paths of a Rebellious Psychiatrist. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Travessa.com.br: Livro - Luiz Carlos Mello |url=https://www.travessa.com.br/Luiz_Carlos_Mello/autor/763f8046-5373-47f5-9073-01d38ebacf0c |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=www.travessa.com.br}}</ref> == Fim ɗin fim == A shekarar 1989, an fitar da fim ɗin Leon Hirszman ''mai suna Imagens do Inconsciente'', wanda ke ba da labarin rayuwar Adelina Gomes, Fernando Diniz, da Carlos Pertuis, marasa lafiya uku a Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka ta Ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAZ Cinema - Favoritos - Imagens do Inconsciente |url=http://www.terra.com.br/cinema/favoritos/inconsciente.htm |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=www.terra.com.br}}</ref> Baya ga wannan, an ba da labarin gidauniyar gidan kayan tarihi a cikin fim ɗin Brazil mai suna Nise: The Heart of Madness, wanda Roberto Berliner ya ba da umarni. Fim ɗin ya samo asali ne daga bincike mai zurfi na tsawon shekaru 13, kuma an gina shi ne akan rayuwar likitan tabin hankali Nise da Silveira. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o9zor6lubg6vgpyo8yusx2bsccfpr1s 968175 968174 2026-10-16T10:15:49Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Gidauniya */ 968175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan kayan tarihi na Hotuna daga Marasa sani''' (Portuguese: '''Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente''' ) an kaddamar da shi a ranar 20 ga watan Mayu, a shekarar 1952, a cikin Cibiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta Kasa a cikin unguwar Engenho de Dentro na Rio de Janeiro, wanda likitan kwakwalwa Nise da Silveira ya fara. Yana ɗauke da ayyukan fasaha kimanin 350,000 da marasa lafiya da ke fama da tabin hankali suka ƙirƙira ta hanyar fasahar da Dr. Nise ya yi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TIMELINE {{!}} MUSEUM |url=https://www.museuimagensdoinconsciente.org.br/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=MII |language=pt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=O rico legado do Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente - 26/07/2015 - Ilustríssima |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrissima/2015/07/1659929-o-rico-legado-do-museu-de-imagens-do-inconsciente.shtml |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=Folha de S.Paulo}}</ref> == Gidauniya == An kafa gidan tarihi a ranar 20 ga watan Mayu, a shekara ta 1952. A kan magungunan da suka mamaye al'ada a shekarun 1940 (kamar electroshock, lobotomy, insulin therapy ), <ref name="A">{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=Aperjrio: Uso de insulinoterapia em Psiquiatria Infantil Brasileira |url=http://www.aperjrio.org.br/publicacoes/revista/2006/abr/P05.pdf |access-date=2023-05-26}} {{Dead link|date=June 2023}}</ref> likitan tabin hankali Nise da Silveira ta yi aikin magani ta hanyar fasahar zamani a cikin Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Aiki da Gyaran Jiki (STOR) na cibiyar kula da tabin hankali. Ta karɓi ragamar jagorancin sashen a shekarar 1946 kuma ta kafa ɗakin zane da sassaka a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1946, a wani yanki na gudanarwa da ba a amfani da shi a cikin ginin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Dionísio |first=Gustavo Henrique |date=September 2001 |title=Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente: considerações sobre sua história |url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1414-98932001000300005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt |journal=Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão |volume=21 |pages=30–35 |doi=10.1590/S1414-98932001000300005 |issn=1414-9893 |url-access=subscription |hdl-access=free}}</ref> A wancan lokacin, Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka tana da kimanin marasa lafiya 1,500, waɗanda yawancinsu ke da [[Hauka|cutar schizophrenia]] mai tsanani. Bayan watanni uku da marasa lafiya suka yi amfani da su, a ranar 22 ga Disamba na wannan shekarar, an gudanar da baje kolin farko. A cikin wannan baje kolin, an nuna wa marasa lafiya 35 zane-zanensu, tare da manya 20 da yara 15 daga cikinsu. Baje kolin ya jawo hankalin Ma'aikatar Ilimi, wadda ta samar da sarari a hedikwatarta don a nuna zane-zane ga jama'a masu sha'awar zane. Watanni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1947, aka gudanar da baje kolin karo na biyu, a wannan karon don ayyukan marasa lafiya guda 245 da masu fasaha suka yi. Daga baya aka mayar da baje kolin zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa . <ref name=":0" /> An gudanar da baje kolin ayyukan kula da lafiyar jiki na marasa lafiya daga Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka ta Ƙasa a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1949, kuma an haɗa ayyukan fasaha 149 a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Zamani da ke [[São Paulo]] . An kuma gabatar da shi a zauren majalisar birnin tsakanin 25 ga Nuwamba, 1949, da 10 ga Janairu, 1950. <ref name=":0" /> A ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1952, daraktan cibiyar a wancan lokacin, Paulo Elejade, ya kaddamar da Gidan Tarihi na Hotuna daga Mara Sani. An kafa gidan tarihin ne da nufin adana ayyukan da aka samar a cikin ɗakunan ajiya, waɗanda suka zama tushen fahimtar marasa lafiya sosai. Ta wannan gidan tarihi, Nise da Silveira ta sami nasarar ɗaukar tattaunawar fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Babban taron ya faru ne a Zürich, Switzerland, a shekarar 1957, a lokacin taron duniya na biyu na ilimin tabin hankali, wanda [[Carl Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]] ya halarta. Baya ga wannan baje kolin, akwai ɗaruruwan wasu a biranen Brazil da kuma ƙasashen waje. <ref name=":0" /> "Gidan Tarihi Mai Rai" ne, domin, ban da ayyukan da aka samar, akwai kuma masu ƙirƙirar, tunda akwai ɗakin studio a cikin gidan tarihin. Muhawarar da ke tsakanin masu suka Mário Pedrosa da Quirino Campofiorito sun ba da ganuwa ga gidan kayan gargajiya. Pedrosa ya kira fasahar da aka samar a gidan tarihi "Arte Virgem" da Campofiorito "fasaha ta farko". Duk da haka, dukansu sun yarda da alaƙar da ke tsakanin fasaha da lafiyar kwakwalwa. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> Tarin kayan tarihin ya haɗa da ayyukan Adelina Gomes (1916-1984), Carlos Pertuis (1916-1977), Fernando Diniz (1918-1999), Emygdio de Barros (1895-1986) a tsakanin sauran su. Saboda darajar fasaha da kimiyya, IPHAN ta lissafa tarin littattafai guda takwas, tarin marubuta shida da kuma wasu ayyuka 53,133. A shekarar 2015, Gidan Tarihi na Hotuna daga Unconscious yana da ayyuka kusan 360,000, 127,000 daga cikinsu Cibiyar Tarihi da Fasaha ta Ƙasa ta lissafa su. A yau, gidan tarihi yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Luiz Carlos Mello, wanda ya yi aiki tare da likitan tabin hankali tsawon shekaru 26. Luiz Carlos shi ma marubucin littafin Nise da Silveira: Paths of a Rebellious Psychiatrist. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Travessa.com.br: Livro - Luiz Carlos Mello |url=https://www.travessa.com.br/Luiz_Carlos_Mello/autor/763f8046-5373-47f5-9073-01d38ebacf0c |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=www.travessa.com.br}}</ref> == Fim ɗin fim == A shekarar 1989, an fitar da fim ɗin Leon Hirszman ''mai suna Imagens do Inconsciente'', wanda ke ba da labarin rayuwar Adelina Gomes, Fernando Diniz, da Carlos Pertuis, marasa lafiya uku a Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka ta Ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAZ Cinema - Favoritos - Imagens do Inconsciente |url=http://www.terra.com.br/cinema/favoritos/inconsciente.htm |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=www.terra.com.br}}</ref> Baya ga wannan, an ba da labarin gidauniyar gidan kayan tarihi a cikin fim ɗin Brazil mai suna Nise: The Heart of Madness, wanda Roberto Berliner ya ba da umarni. Fim ɗin ya samo asali ne daga bincike mai zurfi na tsawon shekaru 13, kuma an gina shi ne akan rayuwar likitan tabin hankali Nise da Silveira. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fy4fzvtsy26cvknye1vapgk9roejhvq 968177 968175 2026-10-16T10:16:04Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Fim ɗin fim */ 968177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan kayan tarihi na Hotuna daga Marasa sani''' (Portuguese: '''Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente''' ) an kaddamar da shi a ranar 20 ga watan Mayu, a shekarar 1952, a cikin Cibiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta Kasa a cikin unguwar Engenho de Dentro na Rio de Janeiro, wanda likitan kwakwalwa Nise da Silveira ya fara. Yana ɗauke da ayyukan fasaha kimanin 350,000 da marasa lafiya da ke fama da tabin hankali suka ƙirƙira ta hanyar fasahar da Dr. Nise ya yi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TIMELINE {{!}} MUSEUM |url=https://www.museuimagensdoinconsciente.org.br/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=MII |language=pt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=O rico legado do Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente - 26/07/2015 - Ilustríssima |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrissima/2015/07/1659929-o-rico-legado-do-museu-de-imagens-do-inconsciente.shtml |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=Folha de S.Paulo}}</ref> == Gidauniya == An kafa gidan tarihi a ranar 20 ga watan Mayu, a shekara ta 1952. A kan magungunan da suka mamaye al'ada a shekarun 1940 (kamar electroshock, lobotomy, insulin therapy ), <ref name="A">{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=Aperjrio: Uso de insulinoterapia em Psiquiatria Infantil Brasileira |url=http://www.aperjrio.org.br/publicacoes/revista/2006/abr/P05.pdf |access-date=2023-05-26}} {{Dead link|date=June 2023}}</ref> likitan tabin hankali Nise da Silveira ta yi aikin magani ta hanyar fasahar zamani a cikin Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Aiki da Gyaran Jiki (STOR) na cibiyar kula da tabin hankali. Ta karɓi ragamar jagorancin sashen a shekarar 1946 kuma ta kafa ɗakin zane da sassaka a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1946, a wani yanki na gudanarwa da ba a amfani da shi a cikin ginin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Dionísio |first=Gustavo Henrique |date=September 2001 |title=Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente: considerações sobre sua história |url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1414-98932001000300005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt |journal=Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão |volume=21 |pages=30–35 |doi=10.1590/S1414-98932001000300005 |issn=1414-9893 |url-access=subscription |hdl-access=free}}</ref> A wancan lokacin, Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka tana da kimanin marasa lafiya 1,500, waɗanda yawancinsu ke da [[Hauka|cutar schizophrenia]] mai tsanani. Bayan watanni uku da marasa lafiya suka yi amfani da su, a ranar 22 ga Disamba na wannan shekarar, an gudanar da baje kolin farko. A cikin wannan baje kolin, an nuna wa marasa lafiya 35 zane-zanensu, tare da manya 20 da yara 15 daga cikinsu. Baje kolin ya jawo hankalin Ma'aikatar Ilimi, wadda ta samar da sarari a hedikwatarta don a nuna zane-zane ga jama'a masu sha'awar zane. Watanni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1947, aka gudanar da baje kolin karo na biyu, a wannan karon don ayyukan marasa lafiya guda 245 da masu fasaha suka yi. Daga baya aka mayar da baje kolin zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa . <ref name=":0" /> An gudanar da baje kolin ayyukan kula da lafiyar jiki na marasa lafiya daga Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka ta Ƙasa a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1949, kuma an haɗa ayyukan fasaha 149 a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Zamani da ke [[São Paulo]] . An kuma gabatar da shi a zauren majalisar birnin tsakanin 25 ga Nuwamba, 1949, da 10 ga Janairu, 1950. <ref name=":0" /> A ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1952, daraktan cibiyar a wancan lokacin, Paulo Elejade, ya kaddamar da Gidan Tarihi na Hotuna daga Mara Sani. An kafa gidan tarihin ne da nufin adana ayyukan da aka samar a cikin ɗakunan ajiya, waɗanda suka zama tushen fahimtar marasa lafiya sosai. Ta wannan gidan tarihi, Nise da Silveira ta sami nasarar ɗaukar tattaunawar fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Babban taron ya faru ne a Zürich, Switzerland, a shekarar 1957, a lokacin taron duniya na biyu na ilimin tabin hankali, wanda [[Carl Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]] ya halarta. Baya ga wannan baje kolin, akwai ɗaruruwan wasu a biranen Brazil da kuma ƙasashen waje. <ref name=":0" /> "Gidan Tarihi Mai Rai" ne, domin, ban da ayyukan da aka samar, akwai kuma masu ƙirƙirar, tunda akwai ɗakin studio a cikin gidan tarihin. Muhawarar da ke tsakanin masu suka Mário Pedrosa da Quirino Campofiorito sun ba da ganuwa ga gidan kayan gargajiya. Pedrosa ya kira fasahar da aka samar a gidan tarihi "Arte Virgem" da Campofiorito "fasaha ta farko". Duk da haka, dukansu sun yarda da alaƙar da ke tsakanin fasaha da lafiyar kwakwalwa. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> Tarin kayan tarihin ya haɗa da ayyukan Adelina Gomes (1916-1984), Carlos Pertuis (1916-1977), Fernando Diniz (1918-1999), Emygdio de Barros (1895-1986) a tsakanin sauran su. Saboda darajar fasaha da kimiyya, IPHAN ta lissafa tarin littattafai guda takwas, tarin marubuta shida da kuma wasu ayyuka 53,133. A shekarar 2015, Gidan Tarihi na Hotuna daga Unconscious yana da ayyuka kusan 360,000, 127,000 daga cikinsu Cibiyar Tarihi da Fasaha ta Ƙasa ta lissafa su. A yau, gidan tarihi yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Luiz Carlos Mello, wanda ya yi aiki tare da likitan tabin hankali tsawon shekaru 26. Luiz Carlos shi ma marubucin littafin Nise da Silveira: Paths of a Rebellious Psychiatrist. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Travessa.com.br: Livro - Luiz Carlos Mello |url=https://www.travessa.com.br/Luiz_Carlos_Mello/autor/763f8046-5373-47f5-9073-01d38ebacf0c |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=www.travessa.com.br}}</ref> == Fim ɗin fim == A shekarar alif 1989, an fitar da fim ɗin Leon Hirszman ''mai suna Imagens do Inconsciente'', wanda ke ba da labarin rayuwar Adelina Gomes, Fernando Diniz, da Carlos Pertuis, marasa lafiya uku a Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka ta Ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAZ Cinema - Favoritos - Imagens do Inconsciente |url=http://www.terra.com.br/cinema/favoritos/inconsciente.htm |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=www.terra.com.br}}</ref> Baya ga wannan, an ba da labarin gidauniyar gidan kayan tarihi a cikin fim ɗin Brazil mai suna Nise: The Heart of Madness, wanda Roberto Berliner ya ba da umarni. Fim ɗin ya samo asali ne daga bincike mai zurfi na tsawon shekaru 13, kuma an gina shi ne akan rayuwar likitan tabin hankali Nise da Silveira. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5kzanbhivyhjug72t11c9iz3wwuvjxv 0 179358 968150 2026-10-16T10:03:50Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Jerin bayani na mutum | suna = Bashir Mohammed Abubakar | aiki = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | jami'a = [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]] | fanni = [[Kimiyyar halittu]], [[Fasahar halittu]] | ƙasa = Najeriya }} '''Bashir Mohammed Abubakar''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar halittu]]. Yana aiki a Sashen Kimiyyar Halittu na [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], wadda a baya aka sani da Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi, Gadau. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin bab... 968150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jerin bayani na mutum | suna = Bashir Mohammed Abubakar | aiki = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | jami'a = [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]] | fanni = [[Kimiyyar halittu]], [[Fasahar halittu]] | ƙasa = Najeriya }} '''Bashir Mohammed Abubakar''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar halittu]]. Yana aiki a Sashen Kimiyyar Halittu na [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], wadda a baya aka sani da Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi, Gadau. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin babban malami (Senior Lecturer) a fannin Biological Sciences.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Ilimi da bincike == Bayanan bayanan bincikensa sun nuna cewa Abubakar ya samu digiri na farko a fannin Biology, digiri na biyu a Biotechnology, da digirin digirgir a Bioscience.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bashir Mohammed Abubakar – Research profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bashir-Abubakar-3 |website=ResearchGate |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> Bincikensa ya shafi fasahar halittu, nazarin ƙwayoyin halitta, DNA barcoding, da nazarin tsirrai da ƙwayoyin cuta. == Ayyukan bincike == Abubakar ya yi aiki tare da wasu masu bincike kan batutuwa daban-daban na kimiyyar halittu. A shekarar 2018, ya kasance cikin marubutan wani bincike da ya yi nazari kan gano gauraya ko sauya ingancin kayayyakin maganin gargajiya na Eurycoma longifolia ta amfani da hanyoyin DNA barcoding da HPLC. An wallafa binciken a mujallar Journal of Ethnopharmacology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Abubakar |first=Bashir Mohammed |title=Assessing product adulteration of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) herbal medicinal product using DNA barcoding and HPLC analysis |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |year=2018 |volume=213 |pages=355–363 |doi=10.1080/13880209.2018.1479869 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30058427/}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da ya kwatanta hanyoyin cire DNA daga kayayyakin maganin ganye na Eurycoma longifolia. An wallafa aikin a mujallar eFood.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Abubakar |first=Bashir Mohammed |title=Comparative Evaluation of Different DNA Extraction Methods from E. Longifolia Herbal Medicinal Product |journal=eFood |year=2021 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=21–26 |doi=10.2991/efood.k.210202.001 |url=https://download.atlantis-press.com/journals/efood/125952411}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance cikin marubutan bincike kan yawaitar ƙwayoyin cututtukan da ke gurɓata 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu a kasuwannin yankin Katagum, arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. An wallafa binciken a shekarar 2020 a South Asian Journal of Parasitology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Babangida |title=Parasitic Contamination of Fruits and Vegetables Collected From Selected Local Markets in Katagum Region, Northeast Nigeria |journal=South Asian Journal of Parasitology |year=2020 |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=167–174 |url=https://journalsajp.com/index.php/SAJP/article/view/65}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar halittu]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] 69dtdr296p72atmpmj7by6ta2xb7dnl 968153 968150 2026-10-16T10:04:52Z Uskeone 40867 968153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Bashir Mohammed Abubakar | occupation = Senior Lecturer, Researcher | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = Biological Sciences, Biotechnology | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Bashir Mohammed Abubakar''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar halittu]]. Yana aiki a Sashen Kimiyyar Halittu na [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], wadda a baya aka sani da Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi, Gadau. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin babban malami (Senior Lecturer) a fannin Biological Sciences.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Ilimi da bincike == Bayanan bayanan bincikensa sun nuna cewa Abubakar ya samu digiri na farko a fannin Biology, digiri na biyu a Biotechnology, da digirin digirgir a Bioscience.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bashir Mohammed Abubakar – Research profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bashir-Abubakar-3 |website=ResearchGate |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> Bincikensa ya shafi fasahar halittu, nazarin ƙwayoyin halitta, DNA barcoding, da nazarin tsirrai da ƙwayoyin cuta. == Ayyukan bincike == Abubakar ya yi aiki tare da wasu masu bincike kan batutuwa daban-daban na kimiyyar halittu. A shekarar 2018, ya kasance cikin marubutan wani bincike da ya yi nazari kan gano gauraya ko sauya ingancin kayayyakin maganin gargajiya na Eurycoma longifolia ta amfani da hanyoyin DNA barcoding da HPLC. An wallafa binciken a mujallar Journal of Ethnopharmacology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Abubakar |first=Bashir Mohammed |title=Assessing product adulteration of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) herbal medicinal product using DNA barcoding and HPLC analysis |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |year=2018 |volume=213 |pages=355–363 |doi=10.1080/13880209.2018.1479869 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30058427/}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da ya kwatanta hanyoyin cire DNA daga kayayyakin maganin ganye na Eurycoma longifolia. An wallafa aikin a mujallar eFood.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Abubakar |first=Bashir Mohammed |title=Comparative Evaluation of Different DNA Extraction Methods from E. Longifolia Herbal Medicinal Product |journal=eFood |year=2021 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=21–26 |doi=10.2991/efood.k.210202.001 |url=https://download.atlantis-press.com/journals/efood/125952411}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance cikin marubutan bincike kan yawaitar ƙwayoyin cututtukan da ke gurɓata 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu a kasuwannin yankin Katagum, arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. An wallafa binciken a shekarar 2020 a South Asian Journal of Parasitology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Babangida |title=Parasitic Contamination of Fruits and Vegetables Collected From Selected Local Markets in Katagum Region, Northeast Nigeria |journal=South Asian Journal of Parasitology |year=2020 |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=167–174 |url=https://journalsajp.com/index.php/SAJP/article/view/65}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar halittu]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] 9sqbn29lxnwx3mm9vm31s6swscihxq5 968156 968153 2026-10-16T10:06:06Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ayyukan bincike */ 968156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Bashir Mohammed Abubakar | occupation = Senior Lecturer, Researcher | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = Biological Sciences, Biotechnology | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Bashir Mohammed Abubakar''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar halittu]]. Yana aiki a Sashen Kimiyyar Halittu na [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], wadda a baya aka sani da Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi, Gadau. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin babban malami (Senior Lecturer) a fannin Biological Sciences.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Ilimi da bincike == Bayanan bayanan bincikensa sun nuna cewa Abubakar ya samu digiri na farko a fannin Biology, digiri na biyu a Biotechnology, da digirin digirgir a Bioscience.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bashir Mohammed Abubakar – Research profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bashir-Abubakar-3 |website=ResearchGate |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> Bincikensa ya shafi fasahar halittu, nazarin ƙwayoyin halitta, DNA barcoding, da nazarin tsirrai da ƙwayoyin cuta. == Ayyukan bincike == Abubakar ya yi aiki tare da wasu masu bincike kan batutuwa daban-daban na kimiyyar halittu. A shekarar 2018, ya kasance cikin marubutan wani bincike da ya yi nazari kan gano gauraya ko sauya ingancin kayayyakin maganin gargajiya na Eurycoma longifolia ta amfani da hanyoyin DNA barcoding da HPLC. An wallafa binciken a mujallar Journal of Ethnopharmacology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Abubakar |first=Bashir Mohammed |title=Assessing product adulteration of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) herbal medicinal product using DNA barcoding and HPLC analysis |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |year=2018 |volume=213 |pages=355–363 |doi=10.1080/13880209.2018.1479869 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30058427/}}</ref> A shekarar (2021), ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da ya kwatanta hanyoyin cire DNA daga kayayyakin maganin ganye na Eurycoma longifolia. An wallafa aikin a mujallar eFood.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Abubakar |first=Bashir Mohammed |title=Comparative Evaluation of Different DNA Extraction Methods from E. Longifolia Herbal Medicinal Product |journal=eFood |year=2021 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=21–26 |doi=10.2991/efood.k.210202.001 |url=https://download.atlantis-press.com/journals/efood/125952411}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance cikin marubutan bincike kan yawaitar ƙwayoyin cututtukan da ke gurɓata 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu a kasuwannin yankin Katagum, arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. An wallafa binciken a shekarar 2020 a South Asian Journal of Parasitology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Babangida |title=Parasitic Contamination of Fruits and Vegetables Collected From Selected Local Markets in Katagum Region, Northeast Nigeria |journal=South Asian Journal of Parasitology |year=2020 |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=167–174 |url=https://journalsajp.com/index.php/SAJP/article/view/65}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar halittu]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] 2hgz0felyj0v8xdwaxuoyrscdhf4gg1 0 179359 968151 2026-10-16T10:03:52Z Marwan Bello 31239 Created a new page 968151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wurin Ajiyar Daji na Stubb Creek''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Akoiyak Ekid''', wani wurin ajiyar daji ne da aka ayyana a hukumance a [[Jihar Akwa Ibom]], [[Najeriya]], a shekarar 1930. Wurin ajiyar ya jawo hankalin masu bincike da dama daga cikin Najeriya da wajen ƙasar, saboda ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani muhimmin yanki mai yalwar halittu, musamman albarkatun tsirrai da dabbobinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ibom Greener Project |url=https://www.climate-chance.org/en/best-pratices/ibom-greener-project/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=www.climate-chance.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Ohimain |first=Elijah I. |chapter=Benefits and Threats of Biodiversity Conservation in Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, Nigeria |date=2022 |title=Biodiversity in Africa: Potentials, Threats and Conservation |pages=109–142 |editor-last=Chibueze Izah |editor-first=Sylvester |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3326-4_5 |access-date=2024-02-18 |series=Sustainable Development and Biodiversity |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer Nature |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-981-19-3326-4_5 |isbn=978-981-19-3326-4|chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Takaddamar mallaka == A shekarar 2021, an samu takaddamar jama'a tsakanin ƙananan hukumomin [[Eket]] da [[Ibeno]] na Jihar Akwa Ibom kan mallakar Wurin Ajiyar Dajin Stubb Creek. Takaddamar ta ƙara tsananta ne bayan kamfanin [[BUA Group of Companies]] ya nuna sha'awar zuba jari a cikin dajin.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Odey |first=Patrick |date=2021-12-14 |title=Crisis over Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, attempt to scare away investors — A/Ibom monarch |url=https://punchng.com/crisis-over-stubbs-creek-forest-reserve-attempt-to-scare-away-investors-a-ibom-monarch/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-01-04 |title=Ekid people drag BUA, others to court for encroaching on Stubbs Creek Forest |url=https://guardian.ng/news/ekid-people-drag-bua-others-to-court-for-encroaching-on-stubbs-creek-forest/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-02-18 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wuraren ajiyar daji a Najeriya]] [[Category:Wuraren yawon buɗe ido a Najeriya]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} {{Nigeria-stub}} kwlm6w6x5yoi2poy36i43xvwipp041a 968168 968151 2026-10-16T10:11:29Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Takaddamar mallaka */ 968168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wurin Ajiyar Daji na Stubb Creek''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Akoiyak Ekid''', wani wurin ajiyar daji ne da aka ayyana a hukumance a [[Jihar Akwa Ibom]], [[Najeriya]], a shekarar 1930. Wurin ajiyar ya jawo hankalin masu bincike da dama daga cikin Najeriya da wajen ƙasar, saboda ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani muhimmin yanki mai yalwar halittu, musamman albarkatun tsirrai da dabbobinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ibom Greener Project |url=https://www.climate-chance.org/en/best-pratices/ibom-greener-project/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=www.climate-chance.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Ohimain |first=Elijah I. |chapter=Benefits and Threats of Biodiversity Conservation in Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, Nigeria |date=2022 |title=Biodiversity in Africa: Potentials, Threats and Conservation |pages=109–142 |editor-last=Chibueze Izah |editor-first=Sylvester |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3326-4_5 |access-date=2024-02-18 |series=Sustainable Development and Biodiversity |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer Nature |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-981-19-3326-4_5 |isbn=978-981-19-3326-4|chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Takaddamar mallaka == A shekarar dubu biyu da ashirin da daya (2021), an samu takaddamar jama'a tsakanin ƙananan hukumomin [[Eket]] da [[Ibeno]] na Jihar Akwa Ibom kan mallakar Wurin Ajiyar Dajin Stubb Creek. Takaddamar ta ƙara tsananta ne bayan kamfanin [[BUA Group of Companies]] ya nuna sha'awar zuba jari a cikin dajin.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Odey |first=Patrick |date=2021-12-14 |title=Crisis over Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, attempt to scare away investors — A/Ibom monarch |url=https://punchng.com/crisis-over-stubbs-creek-forest-reserve-attempt-to-scare-away-investors-a-ibom-monarch/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-01-04 |title=Ekid people drag BUA, others to court for encroaching on Stubbs Creek Forest |url=https://guardian.ng/news/ekid-people-drag-bua-others-to-court-for-encroaching-on-stubbs-creek-forest/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-02-18 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wuraren ajiyar daji a Najeriya]] [[Category:Wuraren yawon buɗe ido a Najeriya]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} {{Nigeria-stub}} 1an6vb2vm8spfl0bu6mdcu0dnr6jt6x 968169 968168 2026-10-16T10:11:46Z Kamaf001 48297 968169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wurin Ajiyar Daji na Stubb Creek''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Akoiyak Ekid''', wani wurin ajiyar daji ne da aka ayyana a hukumance a [[Jihar Akwa Ibom]], [[Najeriya]], a shekarar alif 1930. Wurin ajiyar ya jawo hankalin masu bincike da dama daga cikin Najeriya da wajen ƙasar, saboda ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani muhimmin yanki mai yalwar halittu, musamman albarkatun tsirrai da dabbobinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ibom Greener Project |url=https://www.climate-chance.org/en/best-pratices/ibom-greener-project/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=www.climate-chance.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Ohimain |first=Elijah I. |chapter=Benefits and Threats of Biodiversity Conservation in Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, Nigeria |date=2022 |title=Biodiversity in Africa: Potentials, Threats and Conservation |pages=109–142 |editor-last=Chibueze Izah |editor-first=Sylvester |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3326-4_5 |access-date=2024-02-18 |series=Sustainable Development and Biodiversity |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer Nature |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-981-19-3326-4_5 |isbn=978-981-19-3326-4|chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Takaddamar mallaka == A shekarar dubu biyu da ashirin da daya (2021), an samu takaddamar jama'a tsakanin ƙananan hukumomin [[Eket]] da [[Ibeno]] na Jihar Akwa Ibom kan mallakar Wurin Ajiyar Dajin Stubb Creek. Takaddamar ta ƙara tsananta ne bayan kamfanin [[BUA Group of Companies]] ya nuna sha'awar zuba jari a cikin dajin.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Odey |first=Patrick |date=2021-12-14 |title=Crisis over Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, attempt to scare away investors — A/Ibom monarch |url=https://punchng.com/crisis-over-stubbs-creek-forest-reserve-attempt-to-scare-away-investors-a-ibom-monarch/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-01-04 |title=Ekid people drag BUA, others to court for encroaching on Stubbs Creek Forest |url=https://guardian.ng/news/ekid-people-drag-bua-others-to-court-for-encroaching-on-stubbs-creek-forest/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-02-18 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wuraren ajiyar daji a Najeriya]] [[Category:Wuraren yawon buɗe ido a Najeriya]] {{Nigeria-geo-stub}} {{Nigeria-stub}} kcrixydbd0bm73ntd552i02363ktfav 0 179360 968152 2026-10-16T10:04:23Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324028550|Constantin von Monakow]]" 968152 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Monakov.PNG|right|thumb| Constantin von Monakow]] '''Constantin von Monakow''' (4 Nuwamba 1853 - 19 Oktoba 1930) masanin cututtukan jijiyoyi ne na Rasha-Switzerland wanda ɗan asalin Bobretsovo ne a Gundumar Vologda . Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Zurich yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Cibiyar Burghölzli a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Eduard Hitzig (1839-1907). Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kasance mataimakinsa a St. Pirminsberg, inda ya gudanar da binciken kimiyya kan [[Anatomy|tsarin halittar]] kwakwalwa. A shekarar 1885 ya koma Zurich, inda daga baya ya zama darektan cibiyar nazarin halittar kwakwalwa. A shekarar 1917 ya kafa mujallar ''Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie'' (Taskar Nazarin Jijiyoyi da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Switzerland), kuma shi ne babban editan ta har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya mutu a Zurich a shekarar 1930. == Binciken cututtukan jijiyoyi == Monakow ya bayar da gudummawa da dama a cikin nazarinsa kan hanyoyin ji da motsi na kwakwalwa. Yana da sha'awar alaƙar aiki tsakanin sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa, kuma ya yi tunanin cewa a cikin baiwa kamar hankali, ana buƙatar daidaitawa tsakanin sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa. Daga binciken kwakwalwarsa, ya gabatar da kalmomin "localization na yau da kullun" da " diaschisis ". A shekarar 1910, Monakow ya ƙirƙiro kalmar "diaschisis" don bayyana yadda rauni ga kwakwalwa zai iya haifar da ƙarancin ɗabi'a wanda zai iya biyo baya tare da murmurewa daga ƙarshe. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga Girkanci, ma'ana "an girgiza ta ko'ina". Ya yi imanin cewa kwakwalwa tana wanzuwa a matsayin daidaito mai sauƙi tsakanin sassa daban-daban na jikinta, kuma idan wani abu ya lalace ta hanyar rauni, zai iya shafar wasu sassan kwakwalwa waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da wurin da rauni ya faru. Saboda haka, idan lalacewar ba ta yi tsanani ba, halayen aiki za su warke bayan lokacin diaschisis ya ƙare. An ba da sunansa ga "ƙwayar Monakow" ( ƙwayar cuneate ta gefe ) da kuma ga "ƙungiya ta Monakow" ( ƙurar rubrospinal fasciculus ). Bugu da ƙari, "Ciwon Monakow" yana ɗauke da sunansa, wanda aka ayyana shi a matsayin contralateral [[Hemiparesis|hemiplegia]], hemi anesthesia da homomenomous hemianopsia saboda toshewar jijiyar choroidal ta gaba . Shi ne ya ɗauki nauyin gano arcuate fasciculus a matsayin hanyar zare da ta haɗa sassan magana na Broca da Wernicke . Wannan haɗin ilimin halittar jiki (wanda yanzu ake tambaya) [1] "ba da daɗewa ba ya zama akida a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi kuma har yanzu yana ba da kashin bayan samfuran harshe na ilimin halittar jiki." [1] An ambace shi a cikin ''Anti Oedipus'', kundin farko na Deleuze da Guattari's ''Capitalism da Schizophrenia'', saboda aikinsa da Mourgue wanda suke da'awar yana nuna 'gabatar da sha'awa cikin ilimin jijiyoyi.' == Manazarta == ohazboeyrxlgw44e1xnqeh3get914sq 968157 968152 2026-10-16T10:06:51Z Kamaf001 48297 968157 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Monakov.PNG|right|thumb| Constantin von Monakow]] '''Constantin von Monakow''' (4 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1853 - 19 Oktoba 1930) masanin cututtukan jijiyoyi ne na Rasha-Switzerland wanda ɗan asalin Bobretsovo ne a Gundumar Vologda . Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Zurich yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Cibiyar Burghölzli a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Eduard Hitzig (1839-1907). Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kasance mataimakinsa a St. Pirminsberg, inda ya gudanar da binciken kimiyya kan [[Anatomy|tsarin halittar]] kwakwalwa. A shekarar 1885 ya koma Zurich, inda daga baya ya zama darektan cibiyar nazarin halittar kwakwalwa. A shekarar 1917 ya kafa mujallar ''Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie'' (Taskar Nazarin Jijiyoyi da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Switzerland), kuma shi ne babban editan ta har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya mutu a Zurich a shekarar 1930. == Binciken cututtukan jijiyoyi == Monakow ya bayar da gudummawa da dama a cikin nazarinsa kan hanyoyin ji da motsi na kwakwalwa. Yana da sha'awar alaƙar aiki tsakanin sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa, kuma ya yi tunanin cewa a cikin baiwa kamar hankali, ana buƙatar daidaitawa tsakanin sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa. Daga binciken kwakwalwarsa, ya gabatar da kalmomin "localization na yau da kullun" da " diaschisis ". A shekarar 1910, Monakow ya ƙirƙiro kalmar "diaschisis" don bayyana yadda rauni ga kwakwalwa zai iya haifar da ƙarancin ɗabi'a wanda zai iya biyo baya tare da murmurewa daga ƙarshe. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga Girkanci, ma'ana "an girgiza ta ko'ina". Ya yi imanin cewa kwakwalwa tana wanzuwa a matsayin daidaito mai sauƙi tsakanin sassa daban-daban na jikinta, kuma idan wani abu ya lalace ta hanyar rauni, zai iya shafar wasu sassan kwakwalwa waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da wurin da rauni ya faru. Saboda haka, idan lalacewar ba ta yi tsanani ba, halayen aiki za su warke bayan lokacin diaschisis ya ƙare. An ba da sunansa ga "ƙwayar Monakow" ( ƙwayar cuneate ta gefe ) da kuma ga "ƙungiya ta Monakow" ( ƙurar rubrospinal fasciculus ). Bugu da ƙari, "Ciwon Monakow" yana ɗauke da sunansa, wanda aka ayyana shi a matsayin contralateral [[Hemiparesis|hemiplegia]], hemi anesthesia da homomenomous hemianopsia saboda toshewar jijiyar choroidal ta gaba . Shi ne ya ɗauki nauyin gano arcuate fasciculus a matsayin hanyar zare da ta haɗa sassan magana na Broca da Wernicke . Wannan haɗin ilimin halittar jiki (wanda yanzu ake tambaya) [1] "ba da daɗewa ba ya zama akida a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi kuma har yanzu yana ba da kashin bayan samfuran harshe na ilimin halittar jiki." [1] An ambace shi a cikin ''Anti Oedipus'', kundin farko na Deleuze da Guattari's ''Capitalism da Schizophrenia'', saboda aikinsa da Mourgue wanda suke da'awar yana nuna 'gabatar da sha'awa cikin ilimin jijiyoyi.' == Manazarta == rd6m0ydj9xhinrc34u57x88hj3do2es 968159 968157 2026-10-16T10:07:19Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Binciken cututtukan jijiyoyi */ 968159 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Monakov.PNG|right|thumb| Constantin von Monakow]] '''Constantin von Monakow''' (4 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1853 - 19 Oktoba 1930) masanin cututtukan jijiyoyi ne na Rasha-Switzerland wanda ɗan asalin Bobretsovo ne a Gundumar Vologda . Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Zurich yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Cibiyar Burghölzli a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Eduard Hitzig (1839-1907). Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kasance mataimakinsa a St. Pirminsberg, inda ya gudanar da binciken kimiyya kan [[Anatomy|tsarin halittar]] kwakwalwa. A shekarar 1885 ya koma Zurich, inda daga baya ya zama darektan cibiyar nazarin halittar kwakwalwa. A shekarar 1917 ya kafa mujallar ''Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie'' (Taskar Nazarin Jijiyoyi da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Switzerland), kuma shi ne babban editan ta har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya mutu a Zurich a shekarar 1930. == Binciken cututtukan jijiyoyi == Monakow ya bayar da gudummawa da dama a cikin nazarinsa kan hanyoyin ji da motsi na kwakwalwa. Yana da sha'awar alaƙar aiki tsakanin sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa, kuma ya yi tunanin cewa a cikin baiwa kamar hankali, ana buƙatar daidaitawa tsakanin sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa. Daga binciken kwakwalwarsa, ya gabatar da kalmomin "localization na yau da kullun" da " diaschisis ". A shekarar alif 1910, Monakow ya ƙirƙiro kalmar "diaschisis" don bayyana yadda rauni ga kwakwalwa zai iya haifar da ƙarancin ɗabi'a wanda zai iya biyo baya tare da murmurewa daga ƙarshe. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga Girkanci, ma'ana "an girgiza ta ko'ina". Ya yi imanin cewa kwakwalwa tana wanzuwa a matsayin daidaito mai sauƙi tsakanin sassa daban-daban na jikinta, kuma idan wani abu ya lalace ta hanyar rauni, zai iya shafar wasu sassan kwakwalwa waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da wurin da rauni ya faru. Saboda haka, idan lalacewar ba ta yi tsanani ba, halayen aiki za su warke bayan lokacin diaschisis ya ƙare. An ba da sunansa ga "ƙwayar Monakow" ( ƙwayar cuneate ta gefe ) da kuma ga "ƙungiya ta Monakow" ( ƙurar rubrospinal fasciculus ). Bugu da ƙari, "Ciwon Monakow" yana ɗauke da sunansa, wanda aka ayyana shi a matsayin contralateral [[Hemiparesis|hemiplegia]], hemi anesthesia da homomenomous hemianopsia saboda toshewar jijiyar choroidal ta gaba . Shi ne ya ɗauki nauyin gano arcuate fasciculus a matsayin hanyar zare da ta haɗa sassan magana na Broca da Wernicke . Wannan haɗin ilimin halittar jiki (wanda yanzu ake tambaya) [1] "ba da daɗewa ba ya zama akida a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi kuma har yanzu yana ba da kashin bayan samfuran harshe na ilimin halittar jiki." [1] An ambace shi a cikin ''Anti Oedipus'', kundin farko na Deleuze da Guattari's ''Capitalism da Schizophrenia'', saboda aikinsa da Mourgue wanda suke da'awar yana nuna 'gabatar da sha'awa cikin ilimin jijiyoyi.' == Manazarta == ljw6f4ul1r2d936q4e44ztovfruu0ef 968161 968159 2026-10-16T10:07:55Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324028550|Constantin von Monakow]]" 968161 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Monakov.PNG|right|thumb| Constantin von Monakow]] '''Constantin von Monakow''' (4 Nuwamba 1853 - 19 Oktoba 1930) masanin cututtukan jijiyoyi ne na Rasha-Switzerland wanda ɗan asalin Bobretsovo ne a Gundumar Vologda . Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Zurich yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Cibiyar Burghölzli a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Eduard Hitzig (1839-1907). Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kasance mataimakinsa a St. Pirminsberg, inda ya gudanar da binciken kimiyya kan [[Anatomy|tsarin halittar]] kwakwalwa. A shekarar 1885 ya koma Zurich, inda daga baya ya zama darektan cibiyar nazarin halittar kwakwalwa. A shekarar 1917 ya kafa mujallar ''Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie'' (Taskar Nazarin Jijiyoyi da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Switzerland), kuma shi ne babban editan ta har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya mutu a Zurich a shekarar 1930. == Binciken cututtukan jijiyoyi == Monakow ya bayar da gudummawa da dama a cikin nazarinsa kan hanyoyin ji da motsi na kwakwalwa. Yana da sha'awar alaƙar aiki tsakanin sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa, kuma ya yi tunanin cewa a cikin baiwa kamar hankali, ana buƙatar daidaitawa tsakanin sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa. Daga binciken kwakwalwarsa, ya gabatar da kalmomin "localization na yau da kullun" da " diaschisis ". A shekarar 1910, Monakow ya ƙirƙiro kalmar "diaschisis" don bayyana yadda rauni ga kwakwalwa zai iya haifar da ƙarancin ɗabi'a wanda zai iya biyo baya tare da murmurewa daga ƙarshe. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga Girkanci, ma'ana "an girgiza ta ko'ina". Ya yi imanin cewa kwakwalwa tana wanzuwa a matsayin daidaito mai sauƙi tsakanin sassa daban-daban na jikinta, kuma idan wani abu ya lalace ta hanyar rauni, zai iya shafar wasu sassan kwakwalwa waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da wurin da rauni ya faru. Saboda haka, idan lalacewar ba ta yi tsanani ba, halayen aiki za su warke bayan lokacin diaschisis ya ƙare. An ba da sunansa ga "ƙwayar Monakow" ( ƙwayar cuneate ta gefe ) da kuma ga "ƙungiya ta Monakow" ( ƙurar rubrospinal fasciculus ). Bugu da ƙari, "Ciwon Monakow" yana ɗauke da sunansa, wanda aka ayyana shi a matsayin contralateral [[Hemiparesis|hemiplegia]], hemi anesthesia da homomenomous hemianopsia saboda toshewar jijiyar choroidal ta gaba . Shi ne ya ɗauki nauyin gano arcuate fasciculus a matsayin hanyar zare da ta haɗa sassan magana na Broca da Wernicke . Wannan haɗin ilimin halittar jiki (wanda yanzu ake tambaya) <ref name="Catani08">{{Cite journal |last=Catani |first=M |last2=Mesulam |first2=M |year=2008 |title=The arcuate fasciculus and the disconnection theme in language and aphasia: history and current state |journal=Cortex |volume=44 |issue=8 |pages=953–61 |doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2008.04.002 |pmc=2740371 |pmid=18614162}}</ref> "ba da daɗewa ba ya zama akida a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi kuma har yanzu yana ba da kashin bayan samfuran harshe na ilimin halittar jiki." <ref name="Catani08" /> An ambace shi a cikin ''Anti Oedipus'', kundin farko na Deleuze da Guattari's ''Capitalism da Schizophrenia'', saboda aikinsa da Mourgue wanda suke da'awar yana nuna 'gabatar da sha'awa cikin ilimin jijiyoyi.' == Manazarta == 6q6o2ih4ja4syppdqn3vfw6awea3d1d 968162 968161 2026-10-16T10:08:16Z Sardeeq 39275 968162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Monakov.PNG|right|thumb| Constantin von Monakow]] '''Constantin von Monakow''' (4 Nuwamba 1853 - 19 Oktoba 1930) masanin cututtukan jijiyoyi ne na Rasha-Switzerland wanda ɗan asalin Bobretsovo ne a Gundumar Vologda . Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Zurich yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Cibiyar Burghölzli a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Eduard Hitzig (1839-1907). Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kasance mataimakinsa a St. Pirminsberg, inda ya gudanar da binciken kimiyya kan [[Anatomy|tsarin halittar]] kwakwalwa. A shekarar 1885 ya koma Zurich, inda daga baya ya zama darektan cibiyar nazarin halittar kwakwalwa. A shekarar 1917 ya kafa mujallar ''Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie'' (Taskar Nazarin Jijiyoyi da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Switzerland), kuma shi ne babban editan ta har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya mutu a Zurich a shekarar 1930. == Binciken cututtukan jijiyoyi == Monakow ya bayar da gudummawa da dama a cikin nazarinsa kan hanyoyin ji da motsi na kwakwalwa. Yana da sha'awar alaƙar aiki tsakanin sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa, kuma ya yi tunanin cewa a cikin baiwa kamar hankali, ana buƙatar daidaitawa tsakanin sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa. Daga binciken kwakwalwarsa, ya gabatar da kalmomin "localization na yau da kullun" da " diaschisis ". A shekarar 1910, Monakow ya ƙirƙiro kalmar "diaschisis" don bayyana yadda rauni ga kwakwalwa zai iya haifar da ƙarancin ɗabi'a wanda zai iya biyo baya tare da murmurewa daga ƙarshe. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga Girkanci, ma'ana "an girgiza ta ko'ina". Ya yi imanin cewa kwakwalwa tana wanzuwa a matsayin daidaito mai sauƙi tsakanin sassa daban-daban na jikinta, kuma idan wani abu ya lalace ta hanyar rauni, zai iya shafar wasu sassan kwakwalwa waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da wurin da rauni ya faru. Saboda haka, idan lalacewar ba ta yi tsanani ba, halayen aiki za su warke bayan lokacin diaschisis ya ƙare. An ba da sunansa ga "ƙwayar Monakow" ( ƙwayar cuneate ta gefe ) da kuma ga "ƙungiya ta Monakow" ( ƙurar rubrospinal fasciculus ). Bugu da ƙari, "Ciwon Monakow" yana ɗauke da sunansa, wanda aka ayyana shi a matsayin contralateral [[Hemiparesis|hemiplegia]], hemi anesthesia da homomenomous hemianopsia saboda toshewar jijiyar choroidal ta gaba . Shi ne ya ɗauki nauyin gano arcuate fasciculus a matsayin hanyar zare da ta haɗa sassan magana na Broca da Wernicke . Wannan haɗin ilimin halittar jiki (wanda yanzu ake tambaya) <ref name="Catani08">{{Cite journal |last=Catani |first=M |last2=Mesulam |first2=M |year=2008 |title=The arcuate fasciculus and the disconnection theme in language and aphasia: history and current state |journal=Cortex |volume=44 |issue=8 |pages=953–61 |doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2008.04.002 |pmc=2740371 |pmid=18614162}}</ref> "ba da daɗewa ba ya zama akida a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi kuma har yanzu yana ba da kashin bayan samfuran harshe na ilimin halittar jiki." <ref name="Catani08" /> An ambace shi a cikin ''Anti Oedipus'', kundin farko na Deleuze da Guattari's ''Capitalism da Schizophrenia'', saboda aikinsa da Mourgue wanda suke da'awar yana nuna 'gabatar da sha'awa cikin ilimin jijiyoyi.' == Manazarta == ejwn3xsqj17i3765p5ypx8a8bedxlzk 968220 968162 2026-10-16T11:03:54Z Baby juuu 38856 968220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Monakov.PNG|right|thumb| Constantin von Monakow]] '''Constantin von Monakow''' (4 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta alif 1853 - 19 Oktoba 1930) masanin cututtukan jijiyoyi ne na Rasha-Switzerland wanda ɗan asalin Bobretsovo ne a Gundumar Vologda . Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Zurich yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Cibiyar Burghölzli a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Eduard Hitzig (1839-1907). Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kasance mataimakinsa a St. Pirminsberg, inda ya gudanar da binciken kimiyya kan [[Anatomy|tsarin halittar]] kwakwalwa. A shekarar 1885 ya koma Zurich, inda daga baya ya zama darektan cibiyar nazarin halittar kwakwalwa. A shekarar 1917 ya kafa mujallar ''Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie'' (Taskar Nazarin Jijiyoyi da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Switzerland), kuma shi ne babban editan ta har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya mutu a Zurich a shekarar 1930. == Binciken cututtukan jijiyoyi == Monakow ya bayar da gudummawa da dama a cikin nazarinsa kan hanyoyin ji da motsi na kwakwalwa. Yana da sha'awar alaƙar aiki tsakanin sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa, kuma ya yi tunanin cewa a cikin baiwa kamar hankali, ana buƙatar daidaitawa tsakanin sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa. Daga binciken kwakwalwarsa, ya gabatar da kalmomin "localization na yau da kullun" da " diaschisis ". A shekarar 1910, Monakow ya ƙirƙiro kalmar "diaschisis" don bayyana yadda rauni ga kwakwalwa zai iya haifar da ƙarancin ɗabi'a wanda zai iya biyo baya tare da murmurewa daga ƙarshe. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga Girkanci, ma'ana "an girgiza ta ko'ina". Ya yi imanin cewa kwakwalwa tana wanzuwa a matsayin daidaito mai sauƙi tsakanin sassa daban-daban na jikinta, kuma idan wani abu ya lalace ta hanyar rauni, zai iya shafar wasu sassan kwakwalwa waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da wurin da rauni ya faru. Saboda haka, idan lalacewar ba ta yi tsanani ba, halayen aiki za su warke bayan lokacin diaschisis ya ƙare. An ba da sunansa ga "ƙwayar Monakow" ( ƙwayar cuneate ta gefe ) da kuma ga "ƙungiya ta Monakow" ( ƙurar rubrospinal fasciculus ). Bugu da ƙari, "Ciwon Monakow" yana ɗauke da sunansa, wanda aka ayyana shi a matsayin contralateral [[Hemiparesis|hemiplegia]], hemi anesthesia da homomenomous hemianopsia saboda toshewar jijiyar choroidal ta gaba . Shi ne ya ɗauki nauyin gano arcuate fasciculus a matsayin hanyar zare da ta haɗa sassan magana na Broca da Wernicke . Wannan haɗin ilimin halittar jiki (wanda yanzu ake tambaya) <ref name="Catani08">{{Cite journal |last=Catani |first=M |last2=Mesulam |first2=M |year=2008 |title=The arcuate fasciculus and the disconnection theme in language and aphasia: history and current state |journal=Cortex |volume=44 |issue=8 |pages=953–61 |doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2008.04.002 |pmc=2740371 |pmid=18614162}}</ref> "ba da daɗewa ba ya zama akida a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi kuma har yanzu yana ba da kashin bayan samfuran harshe na ilimin halittar jiki." <ref name="Catani08" /> An ambace shi a cikin ''Anti Oedipus'', kundin farko na Deleuze da Guattari's ''Capitalism da Schizophrenia'', saboda aikinsa da Mourgue wanda suke da'awar yana nuna 'gabatar da sha'awa cikin ilimin jijiyoyi.' == Manazarta == 13l7235cx5wng21bqqwmzpp4v2w094l 0 179361 968158 2026-10-16T10:06:52Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Abubakar Sadiq Chadi | occupation = Lecturer, Researcher | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = [[Chemistry]], Environmental Chemistry | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Abubakar Sadiq Chadi''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a fannin [[ilmin sinadarai]] (Chemistry) a Najeriya. Shafin hukuma na [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], da ke Gadau a Jihar Bauchi, ya lissafa shi a matsayin malami mai matsayi na Lecturer I a Sashen Ch... 968158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Abubakar Sadiq Chadi | occupation = Lecturer, Researcher | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = [[Chemistry]], Environmental Chemistry | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Abubakar Sadiq Chadi''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a fannin [[ilmin sinadarai]] (Chemistry) a Najeriya. Shafin hukuma na [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], da ke Gadau a Jihar Bauchi, ya lissafa shi a matsayin malami mai matsayi na Lecturer I a Sashen Chemistry.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Bincike == Binciken da aka wallafa da sunan Abubakar Chadi Sadiq ya shafi nazarin sinadarai, gurɓatar muhalli, da hanyoyin cire gurɓatattun abubuwa daga ruwa. A shekarar 2024, ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da ya auna wasu manyan ƙarafa a sassan kifaye, ruwa, laka, da abincin kifaye daga Dam ɗin Maladumba da gonar kifaye ta Fada a Jihar Bauchi. An wallafa binciken a mujallar International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sadiq |first=Abubakar Chadi |title=Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Fish Organs, Water, Sediment and Synthetic Fish Feed from Maladumba Dam and Fada Farm Misau L.G.A, Bauchi State |journal=International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation |year=2024 |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=410–421 |doi=10.51244/IJRSI.2024.1105027 |url=https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/articles/assesment-of-some-heavy-metals-in-fish-organs-water-sediment-and-synthetic-fish-feed-from-maladumba-dam-and-fada-farm-misau-l-g-a-bauchi-state/ }}</ref> Wani daga cikin ayyukan bincikensa ya shafi amfani da kayan da aka samar daga gum arabic wajen cire maganin ciprofloxacin daga ruwan da ya gurɓata. An wallafa wannan bincike a mujallar Chemical Papers a shekarar 2026, tare da wasu masu bincike daga Sashen Chemistry na Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sadiq |first=Abubakar Chadi |title=Fabrication and characterisation of Gum Arabic-toluene diisocyanate based adsorbent for the removal of ciprofloxacin from aqueous effluent |journal=Chemical Papers |year=2026 |doi=10.1007/s11696-026-04836-z |url=https://www.chempap.org/index.php?id=7&paper=13552 }}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ya kasance cikin marubutan bincike kan samar da sabbin membranes na polymer da ke amfani da chitosan da kuma yadda za a yi amfani da su wajen rage gurɓatar muhalli. An wallafa aikin a mujallar International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sadiq |first=Abubakar Chadi |title=Fabrication and characterisation of novel chitosan-based polymer inclusion membranes and their application in environmental remediation |journal=International Journal of Biological Macromolecules |year=2023 |volume=244 |pages=125400 |doi=10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125400 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37330084/ }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana ilmin sinadarai]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] 2fot3qyaw6kvf9dqy6et4ymtn7k0poa 0 179362 968163 2026-10-16T10:08:27Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Dauda Abubakar | occupation = Senior Lecturer, Researcher | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = [[Physics]], Materials Science, Nanotechnology | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Dauda Abubakar''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar lissafi]] (Physics). Yana aiki a Sashen Physics na [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], wadda a baya aka sani da Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi, Gadau. Shafin hukuma na jami'ar y... 968163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Dauda Abubakar | occupation = Senior Lecturer, Researcher | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = [[Physics]], Materials Science, Nanotechnology | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Dauda Abubakar''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar lissafi]] (Physics). Yana aiki a Sashen Physics na [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], wadda a baya aka sani da Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi, Gadau. Shafin hukuma na jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin babban malami (Senior Lecturer) a fannin Physics.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Bincike == Binciken Dauda Abubakar ya haɗa da nazarin kayan zamani, fina-finan sirara na ƙarfe (thin films), na'urorin auna sinadaran ruwa, da fasahar nanomaterials. Ayyukansa sun shafi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi wajen inganta kayan lantarki da na'urorin auna yanayin sinadarai. A shekarar 2025, Abubakar ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da ya yi nazari kan amfani da hasken laser wajen haɗa ƙarfe da wasu abubuwa a saman aluminium, domin inganta wasu siffofin kayan, ciki har da taurin samansu da halayensu na gani da lantarki. An wallafa binciken a mujallar Nanoscale Advances.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Thahe |first=Asad A. |display-authors=etal |title=Laser surface nanoalloying of Fe, Si, and C on aluminum substrates with excellent optical and electronic properties |journal=Nanoscale Advances |year=2025 |volume=7 |pages=1627–1635 |doi=10.1039/D4NA01023J |url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2025/na/d4na01023j }}</ref> A shekarar 2019, ya kasance cikin marubutan wani bincike kan tasirin amfani da hanyoyin oxidation na jika da na bushe wajen samar da nickel oxide a kan siririn fim na nickel, da kuma yadda hakan ke shafar ingancin na'urar auna pH. An wallafa binciken a mujallar Solid State Phenomena.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Abubakar |first=Dauda |title=The Study on the Effect of Wet and Dry Oxidation of Nickel Thin Film on Sensitivity of EGFET Based pH Sensor |journal=Solid State Phenomena |year=2019 |volume=290 |pages=199–207 |doi=10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.290.199 |url=https://www.scientific.net/SSP.290.199 }}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ya kuma kasance cikin marubutan bincike kan amfani da siririn nickel oxide wajen inganta na'urar transistor da ake amfani da ita wajen auna pH. An gabatar da binciken a cikin littafin taron kimiyya na Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Sciences.<ref>{{cite book |last=Abubakar |first=Dauda |title=Sensitivity of Nickel Oxide Nanoflakes Layer on Extend Gate Field Effect Transistor for pH Sensor |publisher=Springer |year=2021 |doi=10.1007/978-981-16-4513-6_26 |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-4513-6_26 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar lissafi]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] ftsrjviabx8nzqu57woinq9hcv1av8t 0 179363 968165 2026-10-16T10:10:00Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Ibrahim Musa Moi | honorific_prefix = Dr. | occupation = Senior Lecturer, Researcher | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = [[Microbiology]], Molecular Biology, Public Health | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Ibrahim Musa Moi''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[ƙwayoyin halitta]] (Microbiology). Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]] da ke Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi... 968165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ibrahim Musa Moi | honorific_prefix = Dr. | occupation = Senior Lecturer, Researcher | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = [[Microbiology]], Molecular Biology, Public Health | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Ibrahim Musa Moi''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[ƙwayoyin halitta]] (Microbiology). Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]] da ke Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin babban malami (Senior Lecturer) a Sashen Microbiology.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Ilimi da bincike == Bayanan tarihin da ya wallafa a shafin Academia.edu sun nuna cewa Moi ya yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin Microbiology a [[Jami'ar Bayero]], sannan ya yi karatun digiri na biyu a fannin lafiyar jama'a a [[Jami'ar Malaya]] ta Malaysia. Ya kuma bayyana cewa bincikensa ya shafi fasahar ƙwayoyin halitta da nazarin kwayoyin halitta (molecular biology).<ref>{{cite web |title=Ibrahim Musa Moi — Research Profile |url=https://independent.academia.edu/Imusamoi |website=Academia.edu |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Ayyukan bincike == Moi ya yi aiki tare da sauran masu bincike kan batutuwa da dama da suka shafi ƙwayoyin cuta, lafiyar jama'a da ilimin ƙwayoyin halitta. A shekarar 2017, ya kasance cikin marubutan wani bita na kimiyya kan nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta na Photobacterium, da muhimmancinsu a fannin fasahar halittu da samar da sinadarai masu amfani. An wallafa binciken a mujallar Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Moi |first=Ibrahim Musa |title=The biology and the importance of Photobacterium species |journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology |year=2017 |volume=101 |issue=11 |pages=4371–4385 |doi=10.1007/s00253-017-8300-y |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28497204/ }}</ref> A shekarar 2018, ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da ya yi nazari kan sinadaran kitse masu amfani da ake samu a wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na ruwa, da dabarun ƙara yawan samar da su. An wallafa aikin a mujallar Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Moi |first=Ibrahim Musa |title=Polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine bacteria and strategies to enhance their production |journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology |year=2018 |volume=102 |issue=14 |pages=5811–5826 |doi=10.1007/s00253-018-9063-9 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29749565/ }}</ref> A shekarar 2022, Moi ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da ya duba yawaitar cutar candidiasis da wuraren da take shafar masu ɗauke da cutar HIV da ke samun kulawa a Federal Medical Centre, Azare. An wallafa binciken a UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prevalence of Candidiasis and Associated Site of Infection among HIV Patients Attending Federal Medical Center, Azare |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ibrahim-Moi |website=ResearchGate |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana ƙwayoyin halitta]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] ncpyj525gfjvh6nb28mg4z5omvkhf20 968206 968165 2026-10-16T10:35:49Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ayyukan bincike */ 968206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ibrahim Musa Moi | honorific_prefix = Dr. | occupation = Senior Lecturer, Researcher | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = [[Microbiology]], Molecular Biology, Public Health | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Ibrahim Musa Moi''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[ƙwayoyin halitta]] (Microbiology). Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]] da ke Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin babban malami (Senior Lecturer) a Sashen Microbiology.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Ilimi da bincike == Bayanan tarihin da ya wallafa a shafin Academia.edu sun nuna cewa Moi ya yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin Microbiology a [[Jami'ar Bayero]], sannan ya yi karatun digiri na biyu a fannin lafiyar jama'a a [[Jami'ar Malaya]] ta Malaysia. Ya kuma bayyana cewa bincikensa ya shafi fasahar ƙwayoyin halitta da nazarin kwayoyin halitta (molecular biology).<ref>{{cite web |title=Ibrahim Musa Moi — Research Profile |url=https://independent.academia.edu/Imusamoi |website=Academia.edu |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Ayyukan bincike == Moi ya yi aiki tare da sauran masu bincike kan batutuwa da dama da suka shafi ƙwayoyin cuta, lafiyar jama'a da ilimin ƙwayoyin halitta. A shekarar (2017), ya kasance cikin marubutan wani bita na kimiyya kan nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta na Photobacterium, da muhimmancinsu a fannin fasahar halittu da samar da sinadarai masu amfani. An wallafa binciken a mujallar Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Moi |first=Ibrahim Musa |title=The biology and the importance of Photobacterium species |journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology |year=2017 |volume=101 |issue=11 |pages=4371–4385 |doi=10.1007/s00253-017-8300-y |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28497204/ }}</ref> A shekarar 2018, ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da ya yi nazari kan sinadaran kitse masu amfani da ake samu a wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na ruwa, da dabarun ƙara yawan samar da su. An wallafa aikin a mujallar Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Moi |first=Ibrahim Musa |title=Polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine bacteria and strategies to enhance their production |journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology |year=2018 |volume=102 |issue=14 |pages=5811–5826 |doi=10.1007/s00253-018-9063-9 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29749565/ }}</ref> A shekarar 2022, Moi ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da ya duba yawaitar cutar candidiasis da wuraren da take shafar masu ɗauke da cutar HIV da ke samun kulawa a Federal Medical Centre, Azare. An wallafa binciken a UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prevalence of Candidiasis and Associated Site of Infection among HIV Patients Attending Federal Medical Center, Azare |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ibrahim-Moi |website=ResearchGate |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana ƙwayoyin halitta]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] 0g06fusgigdmu6390s18z473za6cgcz 968207 968206 2026-10-16T10:36:17Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ayyukan bincike */ 968207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ibrahim Musa Moi | honorific_prefix = Dr. | occupation = Senior Lecturer, Researcher | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = [[Microbiology]], Molecular Biology, Public Health | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Ibrahim Musa Moi''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[ƙwayoyin halitta]] (Microbiology). Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]] da ke Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin babban malami (Senior Lecturer) a Sashen Microbiology.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Ilimi da bincike == Bayanan tarihin da ya wallafa a shafin Academia.edu sun nuna cewa Moi ya yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin Microbiology a [[Jami'ar Bayero]], sannan ya yi karatun digiri na biyu a fannin lafiyar jama'a a [[Jami'ar Malaya]] ta Malaysia. Ya kuma bayyana cewa bincikensa ya shafi fasahar ƙwayoyin halitta da nazarin kwayoyin halitta (molecular biology).<ref>{{cite web |title=Ibrahim Musa Moi — Research Profile |url=https://independent.academia.edu/Imusamoi |website=Academia.edu |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Ayyukan bincike == Moi ya yi aiki tare da sauran masu bincike kan batutuwa da dama da suka shafi ƙwayoyin cuta, lafiyar jama'a da ilimin ƙwayoyin halitta. A shekarar (2017), ya kasance cikin marubutan wani bita na kimiyya kan nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta na Photobacterium, da muhimmancinsu a fannin fasahar halittu da samar da sinadarai masu amfani. An wallafa binciken a mujallar Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Moi |first=Ibrahim Musa |title=The biology and the importance of Photobacterium species |journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology |year=2017 |volume=101 |issue=11 |pages=4371–4385 |doi=10.1007/s00253-017-8300-y |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28497204/ }}</ref> A shekarar 2018, ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da ya yi nazari kan sinadaran kitse masu amfani da ake samu a wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na ruwa, da dabarun ƙara yawan samar da su. An wallafa aikin a mujallar Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Moi |first=Ibrahim Musa |title=Polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine bacteria and strategies to enhance their production |journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology |year=2018 |volume=102 |issue=14 |pages=5811–5826 |doi=10.1007/s00253-018-9063-9 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29749565/ }}</ref> A shekarar (2022), Moi ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da ya duba yawaitar cutar candidiasis da wuraren da take shafar masu ɗauke da cutar HIV da ke samun kulawa a Federal Medical Centre, Azare. An wallafa binciken a UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prevalence of Candidiasis and Associated Site of Infection among HIV Patients Attending Federal Medical Center, Azare |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ibrahim-Moi |website=ResearchGate |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana ƙwayoyin halitta]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] tw4xgvat5y62i34wiy7p5lsp61k89rk 968208 968207 2026-10-16T10:36:47Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Ayyukan bincike */ 968208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ibrahim Musa Moi | honorific_prefix = Dr. | occupation = Senior Lecturer, Researcher | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = [[Microbiology]], Molecular Biology, Public Health | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Ibrahim Musa Moi''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[ƙwayoyin halitta]] (Microbiology). Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]] da ke Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin babban malami (Senior Lecturer) a Sashen Microbiology.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Ilimi da bincike == Bayanan tarihin da ya wallafa a shafin Academia.edu sun nuna cewa Moi ya yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin Microbiology a [[Jami'ar Bayero]], sannan ya yi karatun digiri na biyu a fannin lafiyar jama'a a [[Jami'ar Malaya]] ta Malaysia. Ya kuma bayyana cewa bincikensa ya shafi fasahar ƙwayoyin halitta da nazarin kwayoyin halitta (molecular biology).<ref>{{cite web |title=Ibrahim Musa Moi — Research Profile |url=https://independent.academia.edu/Imusamoi |website=Academia.edu |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Ayyukan bincike == Moi ya yi aiki tare da sauran masu bincike kan batutuwa da dama da suka shafi ƙwayoyin cuta, lafiyar jama'a da ilimin ƙwayoyin halitta. A shekarar (2017), ya kasance cikin marubutan wani bita na kimiyya kan nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta na Photobacterium, da muhimmancinsu a fannin fasahar halittu da samar da sinadarai masu amfani. An wallafa binciken a mujallar Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Moi |first=Ibrahim Musa |title=The biology and the importance of Photobacterium species |journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology |year=2017 |volume=101 |issue=11 |pages=4371–4385 |doi=10.1007/s00253-017-8300-y |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28497204/ }}</ref> A shekarar (2018), ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da ya yi nazari kan sinadaran kitse masu amfani da ake samu a wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na ruwa, da dabarun ƙara yawan samar da su. An wallafa aikin a mujallar Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Moi |first=Ibrahim Musa |title=Polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine bacteria and strategies to enhance their production |journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology |year=2018 |volume=102 |issue=14 |pages=5811–5826 |doi=10.1007/s00253-018-9063-9 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29749565/ }}</ref> A shekarar (2022), Moi ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da ya duba yawaitar cutar candidiasis da wuraren da take shafar masu ɗauke da cutar HIV da ke samun kulawa a Federal Medical Centre, Azare. An wallafa binciken a UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prevalence of Candidiasis and Associated Site of Infection among HIV Patients Attending Federal Medical Center, Azare |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ibrahim-Moi |website=ResearchGate |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana ƙwayoyin halitta]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] qn7j8basd8tcx7bj20uvydcyr19fkhq 0 179364 968167 2026-10-16T10:11:16Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Ibrahim Gambo | honorific_prefix = Dr. | occupation = Senior Lecturer, Researcher | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = [[Mathematics]], Group Theory, Graph Theory | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Ibrahim Gambo''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafi]]. Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]] da ke Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin babban malami (Senior Lectu... 968167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ibrahim Gambo | honorific_prefix = Dr. | occupation = Senior Lecturer, Researcher | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = [[Mathematics]], Group Theory, Graph Theory | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Ibrahim Gambo''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafi]]. Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]] da ke Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin babban malami (Senior Lecturer) a fannin Mathematical Sciences.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Bincike == Binciken Gambo ya shafi algebra, [[ka'idar rukuni]] (group theory), da [[ka'idar zane-zane]] (graph theory), ciki har da nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin tsarin algebra da siffofin graph. Bayanan bincikensa sun nuna cewa ya wallafa ayyuka tare da wasu masana lissafi a mujallu na ilimi. <ref>{{cite web |title=Ibrahim Gambo — Research Profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ibrahim-Gambo |website=ResearchGate |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2015, Gambo ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken The Conjugacy Classes of Metabelian Groups of Order at Most 24, wanda ya yi nazari kan conjugacy classes na wasu rukunonin algebra. An wallafa binciken a mujallar Jurnal Teknologi tare da Nor Haniza Sarmin da Shanaz Omer.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sarmin |first=Nor Haniza |title=The Conjugacy Classes of Metabelian Groups of Order at Most 24 |journal=Jurnal Teknologi |year=2015 |volume=77 |issue=1 |pages=139–143 |url=https://journals.utm.my/jurnalteknologi/article/view/4025 }}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken Perfect Codes over Induced Subgraphs of Unit Graphs of Ring of Integers Modulo n. Binciken ya haɗa da amfani da graph theory wajen nazarin tsarin algebra na zoben lissafi. An wallafa shi a mujallar WSEAS Transactions on Mathematics.<ref>{{cite web |title=Perfect Codes over Induced Subgraphs of Unit Graphs of Ring of Integers Modulo n |url=https://www.wseas.com/journals/mathematics/2021/a345106-1132.pdf |website=WSEAS Transactions on Mathematics |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2023, Gambo ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken On the Non-Zero Divisor Graphs of Some Finite Commutative Rings, wanda ya yi nazari kan graph da ake samu daga wasu zoben lissafi masu iyaka. An wallafa binciken a Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences.<ref>{{cite web |title=On the Non-Zero Divisor Graphs of Some Finite Commutative Rings |url=https://mjms.upm.edu.my/volume-17-2023/issue-2-2023/on-the-non-zero-divisor-graphs-of-some-finite-commutative-rings |website=Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafi]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] 1le0vatqo71xm50hx356hslpzj3r2nh 0 179365 968179 2026-10-16T10:16:53Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Abdulhamid Omar | occupation = Lecturer I | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = Science Laboratory Technology | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Abdulhamid Omar''' malamin jami'a ne a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a fannin [[fasahar dakin gwaje-gwajen kimiyya]] (Science Laboratory Technology). Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], da ke Jihar Bauchi. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin malami mai matsayi na Lecturer I a... 968179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Abdulhamid Omar | occupation = Lecturer I | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | field = Science Laboratory Technology | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Abdulhamid Omar''' malamin jami'a ne a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a fannin [[fasahar dakin gwaje-gwajen kimiyya]] (Science Laboratory Technology). Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], da ke Jihar Bauchi. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin malami mai matsayi na Lecturer I a Sashen Science Laboratory Technology.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aiki == Ayyukan malamin sun haɗa da koyarwa a fannin Science Laboratory Technology a jami'ar. A cewar shafin jami'ar, sashen yana cikin Faculty of Science, inda ake gudanar da koyarwa da ayyukan gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] 3we4bad3ds9xd6d332xbf9xsffwivm9 0 179366 968188 2026-10-16T10:22:21Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Munkaila Kashimbila Maigari | honorific_prefix = Dr. | occupation = University lecturer, Academic administrator | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | known_for = Pioneer Dean of the Faculty of Science | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Munkaila Kashimbila Maigari''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai gudanar da harkokin ilimi a Najeriya. An bayyana shi a matsayin shugaban farko (pioneer Dean) na Faculty of Science na Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungu... 968188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Munkaila Kashimbila Maigari | honorific_prefix = Dr. | occupation = University lecturer, Academic administrator | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | known_for = Pioneer Dean of the Faculty of Science | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Munkaila Kashimbila Maigari''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai gudanar da harkokin ilimi a Najeriya. An bayyana shi a matsayin shugaban farko (pioneer Dean) na Faculty of Science na [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], wadda a baya aka sani da Bauchi State University, Gadau. An kafa wannan tsangayar a lokacin da jami'ar ta fara aiki a shekarar 2011, kuma an fara karatu a cikinta a watan Janairun 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aiki a jami'a == A cewar bayanan jami'ar, Faculty of Science ta fara ne da sassa shida: Biochemistry, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Mathematics, Microbiology da Physics. Ta kuma fara da shirye-shiryen karatu guda bakwai, ciki har da Botany da Zoology. Maigari ya kasance shugaban tsangayar a farkon wannan lokaci.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu gudanar da harkokin ilimi]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] klk0bzwek4uwkmvbhmmgupzj9i4j145 0 179367 968190 2026-10-16T10:24:22Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Haladu Ali Gagman | honorific_prefix = Dr. | occupation = University lecturer, Researcher, Academic administrator | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | known_for = Dean of the Faculty of Science | field = [[Biology]], Parasitology, Anthelmintic research | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Haladu Ali Gagman''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[ilmin halittu]]. Shi ne shugaban tsangayar Kimiyya n... 968190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Haladu Ali Gagman | honorific_prefix = Dr. | occupation = University lecturer, Researcher, Academic administrator | employer = [[Sa'adu Zungur University]] | known_for = Dean of the Faculty of Science | field = [[Biology]], Parasitology, Anthelmintic research | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Haladu Ali Gagman''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[ilmin halittu]]. Shi ne shugaban tsangayar Kimiyya na huɗu (fourth substantive Dean) a [[Jami'ar Sa'adu Zungur]], wadda a baya aka sani da Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi, Gadau. A cewar shafin jami'ar, ya fara riƙe wannan muƙami a watan Janairun 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Science |url=https://sazu.edu.ng/faculty-of-science |website=Sa'adu Zungur University |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aiki da bincike == Gagman ya yi bincike a fannin ƙwayoyin halitta da cututtukan da ƙananan tsutsotsi ke haddasawa, tare da nazarin yiwuwar amfani da tsirrai wajen yaƙar waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta. A wasu wallafe-wallafen bincike, an bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki a Sashen Biological Sciences na tsohuwar Bauchi State University, Gadau.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gagman |first=Haladu Ali |display-authors=etal |title=In vitro study of the anthelmintic activity of aqueous and methanol extract of Guiera senegalensis against egg hatch and larval development of Caenorhabditis elegans |journal=Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences |year=2018 |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=274–278 |doi=10.4314/bajopas.v11i2.38 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333101435_In_vitro_study_of_the_anthelmintic_activity_of_aqueous_and_methanol_extract_of_Guiera_senegalensis_against_egg_hatch_and_larval_developmental_of_Caenorhabditis_elegans }}</ref> A shekarar 2020, Gagman da abokan bincikensa sun wallafa bincike kan tasirin ruwan tsiron Cassia siamea da kuma sinadarin methanol wajen rage motsin Caenorhabditis elegans, wata ƙaramar tsutsa da ake amfani da ita a binciken kimiyya. An wallafa sakamakon binciken a mujallar Tropical Life Sciences Research.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gagman |first=Haladu Ali |display-authors=etal |title=In Vitro Efficacy of Aqueous and Methanol Extract of Cassia siamea Against the Motility of Caenorhabditis elegans |journal=Tropical Life Sciences Research |year=2020 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=145–159 |doi=10.21315/tlsr2020.31.3.10 |url=https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2020.31.3.10 }}</ref> Wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2019 ya yi nazari kan tasirin tsirrai irin su Detarium microcarpum, Guiera senegalensis da Cassia siamea a kan ƙwayoyin kansar nono. Gagman yana cikin marubutan wannan bincike, wanda aka wallafa a mujallar Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Adebayo |first=Ismail Abiola |display-authors=etal |title=Detarium microcarpum, Guiera senegalensis, and Cassia siamea Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibit Metastasis on MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells |journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine |year=2019 |doi=10.1155/2019/6104574 |url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6104574 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana ilmin halittu]] [[Rukuni:Masu gudanar da harkokin ilimi]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]] ac9x71rmrxho162bvodi1574xcsz2eu 0 179368 968196 2026-10-16T10:29:39Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360858051|Kusari-fundo]]" 968196 wikitext text/x-wiki ''kusari''-fundo (鎖分銅) makami ne na hannu da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Japan wanda ya ƙunshi tsawon sarkar (kusari) tare da nauyi (fundo) da aka haɗe zuwa kowane ƙarshen sarkar.<ref>Spike and Chain: Japanese Fighting Arts, Gruzanski, Charles V. {{ISBN|0804805407}}</ref> An yi amfani da girma da siffofi daban-daban na sarkar da nauyi saboda babu wata doka da aka kafa akan gina waɗannan makamai. Sauran sanannun sunaye sune ''''Manriki'''' (萬力́) (lit. 'babban iko goma') ko kuma kawai manriki. == Sashe == === Sashin (kusari) === [[File:Manriki_kusari_length.jpg|thumb|Sashin '' (kusari) '' na kusari.]] Yawanci tsawon sarkar da aka yi na iya bambanta daga kusan inci 12 (30 cm) har zuwa inci 48 (120 cm). &nbsp;&nbsp;Hanyoyin sarkar na iya samun siffofi daban-daban ciki har da zagaye, elliptical, da siffar kwai. Girman sarkar ya bambanta. Yawancin lokaci hanyar haɗi ta farko ta sarkar da aka haɗe da nauyin ta kasance zagaye kuma sau da yawa ya fi girma da kauri fiye da sauran hanyoyin da ke cikin sarkar. === Nauyin (furo) === [[File:Manriki_fundo_length_and_thickness.jpg|thumb|150x150px|Nauyin (furo) na kusari]] Nauyin da aka haɗe a kowane ƙarshen sarkar na iya samun girma da siffofi daban-daban. Nauyin yawanci daidai yake da juna a girman da siffar. A kan wasu makamai masu alaƙa da sarkar da nauyi, nauyin na iya zama daban-daban daga juna, tare da nauyin daya ya fi tsayi fiye da ɗayan, kamar riƙewa a gefe ɗaya, ko nauyin ɗaya na iya zama zagaye yayin da ɗayan nauyin zai iya zama rectangular. Siffofin nauyi sun haɗa da zagaye, hexagonal, ko rectangular. Nauyin na iya zama mai sauƙi ko mai nauyi, tare da nauyin da ya dace daga 2 ounces (56 grams) zuwa 4 ounces (112 grams). [1] == Amfani da shi == An koyar da amfani da kusari-fundo a makarantu daban-daban, ko ''ryū'' (流), a matsayin makami mai ɓoye ko ɓoye da kuma makami mai kare kai. Kusari-fundo yana da amfani lokacin da ba a yarda da ɗaukar takobi ba ko kuma ba zai yiwu ba, kuma 'yan sanda samurai na zamanin Edo galibi suna amfani da kusari-fundo a matsayin ɗayan makaman da ba su da kisa. == Tarihi == Akwai sarkar da makamai masu nauyi da yawa. An ambaci wani nau'in da aka sani da ''konpi'' a cikin rubuce-rubuce tun daga zamanin Nanboku-chō (1336-1392). Masaki Tarōdayū Dannoshin Toshiyoshi (1689-1776), wanda ya kafa [[Masaki-ryū]], an ce ya haɓaka wani nau'in kusari-fundo yayin da yake hidima ga Ubangiji Toda, a matsayin makami marar jini wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don kare filayen Edo Castle. == Manazarta == kgwcny1b6wb9uvdv4u4lveo3p4xgezf 968198 968196 2026-10-16T10:30:31Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 968198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''kusari''-fundo''' (鎖分銅) makami ne na hannu da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Japan wanda ya ƙunshi tsawon sarkar (kusari) tare da nauyi (fundo) da aka haɗe zuwa kowane ƙarshen sarkar.<ref>Spike and Chain: Japanese Fighting Arts, Gruzanski, Charles V. {{ISBN|0804805407}}</ref> An yi amfani da girma da siffofi daban-daban na sarkar da nauyi saboda babu wata doka da aka kafa akan gina waɗannan makamai. Sauran sanannun sunaye sune '<nowiki/>'''Manriki'<nowiki/>''' (萬力́) (lit. 'babban iko goma') ko kuma kawai manriki. == Sashe == === Sashin (kusari) === [[File:Manriki_kusari_length.jpg|thumb|Sashin '' (kusari) '' na kusari.]] Yawanci tsawon sarkar da aka yi na iya bambanta daga kusan inci 12 (30 cm) har zuwa inci 48 (120 cm). &nbsp;&nbsp;Hanyoyin sarkar na iya samun siffofi daban-daban ciki har da zagaye, elliptical, da siffar kwai. Girman sarkar ya bambanta. Yawancin lokaci hanyar haɗi ta farko ta sarkar da aka haɗe da nauyin ta kasance zagaye kuma sau da yawa ya fi girma da kauri fiye da sauran hanyoyin da ke cikin sarkar. === Nauyin (furo) === [[File:Manriki_fundo_length_and_thickness.jpg|thumb|150x150px|Nauyin (furo) na kusari]] Nauyin da aka haɗe a kowane ƙarshen sarkar na iya samun girma da siffofi daban-daban. Nauyin yawanci daidai yake da juna a girman da siffar. A kan wasu makamai masu alaƙa da sarkar da nauyi, nauyin na iya zama daban-daban daga juna, tare da nauyin daya ya fi tsayi fiye da ɗayan, kamar riƙewa a gefe ɗaya, ko nauyin ɗaya na iya zama zagaye yayin da ɗayan nauyin zai iya zama rectangular. Siffofin nauyi sun haɗa da zagaye, hexagonal, ko rectangular. Nauyin na iya zama mai sauƙi ko mai nauyi, tare da nauyin da ya dace daga 2 ounces (56 grams) zuwa 4 ounces (112 grams). [1] == Amfani da shi == An koyar da amfani da kusari-fundo a makarantu daban-daban, ko ''ryū'' (流), a matsayin makami mai ɓoye ko ɓoye da kuma makami mai kare kai. Kusari-fundo yana da amfani lokacin da ba a yarda da ɗaukar takobi ba ko kuma ba zai yiwu ba, kuma 'yan sanda samurai na zamanin Edo galibi suna amfani da kusari-fundo a matsayin ɗayan makaman da ba su da kisa. == Tarihi == Akwai sarkar da makamai masu nauyi da yawa. An ambaci wani nau'in da aka sani da ''konpi'' a cikin rubuce-rubuce tun daga zamanin Nanboku-chō (1336-1392). Masaki Tarōdayū Dannoshin Toshiyoshi (1689-1776), wanda ya kafa [[Masaki-ryū]], an ce ya haɓaka wani nau'in kusari-fundo yayin da yake hidima ga Ubangiji Toda, a matsayin makami marar jini wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don kare filayen Edo Castle. == Manazarta == 2ej4y1rrkhkvsh9w34q3fdvsd5tmwe4 0 179369 968199 2026-10-16T10:31:02Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351512885|Ninpiden]]" 968199 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ninpiden''' (a.k.a. '''Shinobi Hiden''', ko Legends of Ninja Secrets) ingantaccen littafin ninjutsu ne wanda aka rubuta shi ta hanyar memba na dangin Hattori Hanzō a cikin 1560 (ko da yake mai yiwuwa an rubuta shi a farkon shekarun 1700, rubutun farko da muke da shi a shekara ta 1731). [1] An dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mahimman matani uku na tarihi na ninjutsu, tare da Shōninki da Bansenshukai.[2][3] Ya kamata a ba da shi a cikin iyalin Hattori, kuma an yi la'akari da watsa ta sirri ba tare da baƙi ba kuma har ma a cikin iyali, kaɗan ne suka == Manazarta == 5u6n9zi05c1fl3nx7o1rg87bb56caf3 968201 968199 2026-10-16T10:32:03Z Kamaf001 48297 968201 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ninpiden''' (a.k.a. '''Shinobi Hiden''', ko Legends of Ninja Secrets) ingantaccen littafin ninjutsu ne wanda aka rubuta shi ta hanyar memba na dangin Hattori Hanzō a cikin 1560 (ko da yake mai yiwuwa an rubuta shi a farkon shekarun 1700, rubutun farko da muke da shi a shekara ta alif 1731). [1] An dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mahimman matani uku na tarihi na ninjutsu, tare da Shōninki da Bansenshukai.[2][3] Ya kamata a ba da shi a cikin iyalin Hattori, kuma an yi la'akari da watsa ta sirri ba tare da baƙi ba kuma har ma a cikin iyali, kaɗan ne suka == Manazarta == 8vxj6hx402iap84bi779luk0depw51v 0 179370 968204 2026-10-16T10:34:32Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360961319|Kyoketsu-shoge]]" 968204 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kyoketsu_shoge.jpg|thumb|Kyoketsu-shoge]] kyoketsu-shoge (Japanese) wani takobi ne mai gefen biyu, tare da wani takobi mai lankwasawa da aka haɗe kusa da wuyan hannu a kusurwar digiri 45-60.[1] Wannan an haɗa shi da kusan {{Convert|10 to(-) 18|feet|m}} zuwa 18 feet (3-5 na igiya, [[Sarƙar wuya|sarkar]], ko gashi wanda ya ƙare a cikin babban [[zobe]] na ƙarfe. Wataƙila ninja na Lardin Iga ne suka yi amfani da shi, ana zaton shi ne mai gabatarwa ga ''kusarigama'' da aka fi sani da shi (sickle da sarkar). <ref name="kihon">{{Cite web |date=1995 |title=Kyoketsu Shoge by Joe Maurantonio |url=http://www.kihon.com/articles/kyoketsu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131053029/http://www.kihon.com/articles/kyoketsu.html |archive-date=2020-01-31 |access-date=2020-01-31 |website=www.kihon.com}}</ref> Sau da yawa ana daukar Ninja daga ajin manoma na karkara waɗanda ke zaune a gonaki masu nisa, kuma kamanceceniya kayan aikin gona da kuma babban sassauci ya ba shi fa'idodi da yawa a cikin gwagwarmayar ɓoye.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Masaaki Hatsumi}}</ref> kyoketsu-shoge yana da amfani da yawa. Ana iya amfani da takobi don yanka da kuma turawa. Ana iya amfani da sarkar ko igiya, wani lokacin ana yin ta da gashin mutum ko gashin doki don ƙarfi da juriya, don hawa, kama abokin gaba, ɗaure abokin gaba da sauran irin waɗannan amfani. Tsawon kewayon makamin ya haɗu da kayan aiki tare da ikon kai farmaki ko shiga abokin gaba a abin da mai amfani ya ɗauka "mai aminci" nesa daga hanya. Lokacin da aka ƙware da wannan makami, ana iya amfani da shi don ɗaure takobi kuma ya ja shi daga hannun abokin hamayyarsa, yana sa su zama marasa lahani. Ana amfani da igiya da zobe na kyoketsu-shoge a wasu lokuta don rufe ƙafafun abokin gaba kuma ya yi tafiya da su.[1] Yawanci zobe na zagaye yana da laushi maimakon zagaye a cikin ɓangaren giciye don samar da riƙewa mai ƙarfi da kuma tsari mai ƙarfi, kamar yadda aka yi amfani da zobe don bugawa da bugawa a cikin amfani. An kuma yi amfani da wannan kayan aiki azaman taimakon hawa, kuma ana iya jefa shi kuma a ajiye shi a kusurwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-09 |title=How To Use The Kyoketsu Shoge |url=http://www.shinmyoken.com/martial-arts-training/how-to-use-the-kyoketsu-shoge/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131130212/http://www.shinmyoken.com/martial-arts-training/how-to-use-the-kyoketsu-shoge/ |archive-date=2020-01-31 |access-date=2020-01-31 |website=shinmyoken.com |publisher=Bujinkan Shinmyoken Dojo |language=en}}</ref> == Shari'a == A cikin [[Ayilan (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Ireland]], an haramta "''kyoketsu shoge'', kasancewa tsawon igiya, igiya, waya ko sarkar da aka ɗaure a gefe ɗaya zuwa wuka mai ƙugiya" a ƙarƙashin Dokar Makamai da Makamai ta 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Department of Justice |date=25 January 2019 |title=Firearms - your questions answered |url=https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/31d35-firearms-your-questions-answered/?referrer=http://www.justice.ie/en/JELR/Pages/FAQ |website=Government of Ireland}}</ref> == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == * A cikin zane-zane na GI Joe: Renegades, Jinx da Storm Shadow sun yi amfani da wani sashi mai canzawa a lokacin "The Return of the Arashikage, Parts 1 and 2" * A cikin fim din ''Ninja Assassin'', an yi amfani da wani nau'in sarkar da aka gyara na wannan makami a matsayin babban makamin Raizo. * A cikin fim din Game of Death II, Lee Chen-kwok (李振國) / Bobby Lo (盧博比) yana amfani da ɗaya don ƙetare bene na laser. * A cikin kakar wasa ta farko ta jerin shirye-shiryen [[Netflix]] ''Daredevil'', jarumin Japan Nobu ya yi amfani da takobi tare da ƙwarewa sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Best Fight Scenes From 'Marvel's Daredevil' |url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/tv-shows/marvel-daredevil-best-fight-scenes |access-date=2020-01-31 |website=Marvel Entertainment |language=en}}</ref> * A cikin manga Spirit Circle, Fone yana amfani da wannan makami don kai hari Stona. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin makamai na martial arts == Manazarta == pty9l3kbi9bguc6as67v0tbg8jf7o8m 968209 968204 2026-10-16T10:37:02Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 968209 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kyoketsu_shoge.jpg|thumb|Kyoketsu-shoge]]{{Databox}} '''kyoketsu-shoge ('''Japanese) wani takobi ne mai gefen biyu, tare da wani takobi mai lankwasawa da aka haɗe kusa da wuyan hannu a kusurwar digiri 45-60.[1] Wannan an haɗa shi da kusan {{Convert|10 to(-) 18|feet|m}} zuwa 18 feet (3-5 na igiya, [[Sarƙar wuya|sarkar]], ko gashi wanda ya ƙare a cikin babban [[zobe]] na ƙarfe. Wataƙila ninja na Lardin Iga ne suka yi amfani da shi, ana zaton shi ne mai gabatarwa ga ''kusarigama'' da aka fi sani da shi (sickle da sarkar). <ref name="kihon">{{Cite web |date=1995 |title=Kyoketsu Shoge by Joe Maurantonio |url=http://www.kihon.com/articles/kyoketsu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131053029/http://www.kihon.com/articles/kyoketsu.html |archive-date=2020-01-31 |access-date=2020-01-31 |website=www.kihon.com}}</ref> Sau da yawa ana daukar Ninja daga ajin manoma na karkara waɗanda ke zaune a gonaki masu nisa, kuma kamanceceniya kayan aikin gona da kuma babban sassauci ya ba shi fa'idodi da yawa a cikin gwagwarmayar ɓoye.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Masaaki Hatsumi}}</ref> kyoketsu-shoge yana da amfani da yawa. Ana iya amfani da takobi don yanka da kuma turawa. Ana iya amfani da sarkar ko igiya, wani lokacin ana yin ta da gashin mutum ko gashin doki don ƙarfi da juriya, don hawa, kama abokin gaba, ɗaure abokin gaba da sauran irin waɗannan amfani. Tsawon kewayon makamin ya haɗu da kayan aiki tare da ikon kai farmaki ko shiga abokin gaba a abin da mai amfani ya ɗauka "mai aminci" nesa daga hanya. Lokacin da aka ƙware da wannan makami, ana iya amfani da shi don ɗaure takobi kuma ya ja shi daga hannun abokin hamayyarsa, yana sa su zama marasa lahani. Ana amfani da igiya da zobe na kyoketsu-shoge a wasu lokuta don rufe ƙafafun abokin gaba kuma ya yi tafiya da su.[1] Yawanci zobe na zagaye yana da laushi maimakon zagaye a cikin ɓangaren giciye don samar da riƙewa mai ƙarfi da kuma tsari mai ƙarfi, kamar yadda aka yi amfani da zobe don bugawa da bugawa a cikin amfani. An kuma yi amfani da wannan kayan aiki azaman taimakon hawa, kuma ana iya jefa shi kuma a ajiye shi a kusurwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-09 |title=How To Use The Kyoketsu Shoge |url=http://www.shinmyoken.com/martial-arts-training/how-to-use-the-kyoketsu-shoge/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131130212/http://www.shinmyoken.com/martial-arts-training/how-to-use-the-kyoketsu-shoge/ |archive-date=2020-01-31 |access-date=2020-01-31 |website=shinmyoken.com |publisher=Bujinkan Shinmyoken Dojo |language=en}}</ref> == Shari'a == A cikin [[Ayilan (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Ireland]], an haramta "''kyoketsu shoge'', kasancewa tsawon igiya, igiya, waya ko sarkar da aka ɗaure a gefe ɗaya zuwa wuka mai ƙugiya" a ƙarƙashin Dokar Makamai da Makamai ta 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Department of Justice |date=25 January 2019 |title=Firearms - your questions answered |url=https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/31d35-firearms-your-questions-answered/?referrer=http://www.justice.ie/en/JELR/Pages/FAQ |website=Government of Ireland}}</ref> == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == * A cikin zane-zane na GI Joe: Renegades, Jinx da Storm Shadow sun yi amfani da wani sashi mai canzawa a lokacin "The Return of the Arashikage, Parts 1 and 2" * A cikin fim din ''Ninja Assassin'', an yi amfani da wani nau'in sarkar da aka gyara na wannan makami a matsayin babban makamin Raizo. * A cikin fim din Game of Death II, Lee Chen-kwok (李振國) / Bobby Lo (盧博比) yana amfani da ɗaya don ƙetare bene na laser. * A cikin kakar wasa ta farko ta jerin shirye-shiryen [[Netflix]] ''Daredevil'', jarumin Japan Nobu ya yi amfani da takobi tare da ƙwarewa sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Best Fight Scenes From 'Marvel's Daredevil' |url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/tv-shows/marvel-daredevil-best-fight-scenes |access-date=2020-01-31 |website=Marvel Entertainment |language=en}}</ref> * A cikin manga Spirit Circle, Fone yana amfani da wannan makami don kai hari Stona. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin makamai na martial arts == Manazarta == a3cd5qa7xi8idmxje2f0keb8z4omskz 968210 968209 2026-10-16T10:37:55Z Kamaf001 48297 /* Shari'a */ 968210 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kyoketsu_shoge.jpg|thumb|Kyoketsu-shoge]]{{Databox}} '''kyoketsu-shoge ('''Japanese) wani takobi ne mai gefen biyu, tare da wani takobi mai lankwasawa da aka haɗe kusa da wuyan hannu a kusurwar digiri 45-60.[1] Wannan an haɗa shi da kusan {{Convert|10 to(-) 18|feet|m}} zuwa 18 feet (3-5 na igiya, [[Sarƙar wuya|sarkar]], ko gashi wanda ya ƙare a cikin babban [[zobe]] na ƙarfe. Wataƙila ninja na Lardin Iga ne suka yi amfani da shi, ana zaton shi ne mai gabatarwa ga ''kusarigama'' da aka fi sani da shi (sickle da sarkar). <ref name="kihon">{{Cite web |date=1995 |title=Kyoketsu Shoge by Joe Maurantonio |url=http://www.kihon.com/articles/kyoketsu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131053029/http://www.kihon.com/articles/kyoketsu.html |archive-date=2020-01-31 |access-date=2020-01-31 |website=www.kihon.com}}</ref> Sau da yawa ana daukar Ninja daga ajin manoma na karkara waɗanda ke zaune a gonaki masu nisa, kuma kamanceceniya kayan aikin gona da kuma babban sassauci ya ba shi fa'idodi da yawa a cikin gwagwarmayar ɓoye.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Masaaki Hatsumi}}</ref> kyoketsu-shoge yana da amfani da yawa. Ana iya amfani da takobi don yanka da kuma turawa. Ana iya amfani da sarkar ko igiya, wani lokacin ana yin ta da gashin mutum ko gashin doki don ƙarfi da juriya, don hawa, kama abokin gaba, ɗaure abokin gaba da sauran irin waɗannan amfani. Tsawon kewayon makamin ya haɗu da kayan aiki tare da ikon kai farmaki ko shiga abokin gaba a abin da mai amfani ya ɗauka "mai aminci" nesa daga hanya. Lokacin da aka ƙware da wannan makami, ana iya amfani da shi don ɗaure takobi kuma ya ja shi daga hannun abokin hamayyarsa, yana sa su zama marasa lahani. Ana amfani da igiya da zobe na kyoketsu-shoge a wasu lokuta don rufe ƙafafun abokin gaba kuma ya yi tafiya da su.[1] Yawanci zobe na zagaye yana da laushi maimakon zagaye a cikin ɓangaren giciye don samar da riƙewa mai ƙarfi da kuma tsari mai ƙarfi, kamar yadda aka yi amfani da zobe don bugawa da bugawa a cikin amfani. An kuma yi amfani da wannan kayan aiki azaman taimakon hawa, kuma ana iya jefa shi kuma a ajiye shi a kusurwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-09 |title=How To Use The Kyoketsu Shoge |url=http://www.shinmyoken.com/martial-arts-training/how-to-use-the-kyoketsu-shoge/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131130212/http://www.shinmyoken.com/martial-arts-training/how-to-use-the-kyoketsu-shoge/ |archive-date=2020-01-31 |access-date=2020-01-31 |website=shinmyoken.com |publisher=Bujinkan Shinmyoken Dojo |language=en}}</ref> == Shari'a == A cikin [[Ayilan (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Ireland]], an haramta "''kyoketsu shoge'', kasancewa tsawon igiya, igiya, waya ko sarkar da aka ɗaure a gefe ɗaya zuwa wuka mai ƙugiya" a ƙarƙashin Dokar Makamai da Makamai ta shekarar alif 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Department of Justice |date=25 January 2019 |title=Firearms - your questions answered |url=https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/31d35-firearms-your-questions-answered/?referrer=http://www.justice.ie/en/JELR/Pages/FAQ |website=Government of Ireland}}</ref> == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == * A cikin zane-zane na GI Joe: Renegades, Jinx da Storm Shadow sun yi amfani da wani sashi mai canzawa a lokacin "The Return of the Arashikage, Parts 1 and 2" * A cikin fim din ''Ninja Assassin'', an yi amfani da wani nau'in sarkar da aka gyara na wannan makami a matsayin babban makamin Raizo. * A cikin fim din Game of Death II, Lee Chen-kwok (李振國) / Bobby Lo (盧博比) yana amfani da ɗaya don ƙetare bene na laser. * A cikin kakar wasa ta farko ta jerin shirye-shiryen [[Netflix]] ''Daredevil'', jarumin Japan Nobu ya yi amfani da takobi tare da ƙwarewa sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Best Fight Scenes From 'Marvel's Daredevil' |url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/tv-shows/marvel-daredevil-best-fight-scenes |access-date=2020-01-31 |website=Marvel Entertainment |language=en}}</ref> * A cikin manga Spirit Circle, Fone yana amfani da wannan makami don kai hari Stona. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin makamai na martial arts == Manazarta == t4n55ayzg6xmhbc44r3n2ju7bz6goz6 0 179371 968212 2026-10-16T10:40:23Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Mohammad M. Manga | occupation = Professor, Medical Microbiologist, Physician | employer = [[Gombe State University]] | known_for = Medical microbiology, infection prevention and control | field = [[Medical microbiology]], [[Infection prevention and control]] | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Mohammad M. Manga''' likita ne, farfesa, kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta na likitanci... 968212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Mohammad M. Manga | occupation = Professor, Medical Microbiologist, Physician | employer = [[Gombe State University]] | known_for = Medical microbiology, infection prevention and control | field = [[Medical microbiology]], [[Infection prevention and control]] | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Mohammad M. Manga''' likita ne, farfesa, kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannin [[ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta na likitanci]]. Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] da kuma Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe. Ana kuma saninsa da bincike kan rigakafi da kula da yaɗuwar cututtuka a asibitoci, juriyar ƙwayoyin cuta ga magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, da cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i, musamman [[human papillomavirus]] (HPV).<ref>{{cite web |title=Manga, Mohammed |url=https://ipvsoc.org/member/manga-mohammed/ |website=International Papillomavirus Society |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == Manga ya samu digirin likitanci na MBBS daga [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]]. Ya kuma kammala horon ƙwarewa na likitanci a fannin Pathology da Medical Microbiology ta National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria, da West African College of Physicians. Yana koyar da Medical Microbiology da Immunology ga ɗaliban likitanci da sauran fannonin lafiya a matakan digiri na farko da na gaba.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manga, Mohammed |url=https://ipvsoc.org/member/manga-mohammed/ |website=International Papillomavirus Society |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> Manga ya kasance cikin shugabannin ƙungiyar Papillomavirus Society of Gombe Nigeria, wadda ke aiki wajen ƙara wayar da kan jama'a da ƙwararrun lafiya game da HPV da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da shi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manga, Mohammed |url=https://ipvsoc.org/member/manga-mohammed/ |website=International Papillomavirus Society |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Bincike == Binciken Manga ya mayar da hankali kan [[juriyar ƙwayoyin cuta ga magunguna]] (antimicrobial resistance), rigakafi da kula da kamuwa da cututtuka a wuraren kula da lafiya, da inganta amincin marasa lafiya. A shekarar 2021, ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da ya yi nazari kan juriyar ƙwayar Staphylococcus aureus ga wasu magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a Gombe, Najeriya. Binciken ya nuna muhimmancin shirye-shiryen kula da amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da inganta matakan rigakafi a asibitoci.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Manga |first=Mohammed M. |title=Phenotypic Detection of Methicillin and Inducible Clindamycin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: An Effort to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance and Improve Patient Safety in Gombe, Nigeria |journal=Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences |year=2021 |doi=10.51658/abms.202121.3 |url=https://doi.org/10.51658/abms.202121.3 }}</ref> A shekarar 2022, Manga da abokan bincikensa sun wallafa wani bita kan yadda za a haɗa tsarin One Health, rigakafi da kula da kamuwa da cututtuka, da kula da amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta domin inganta amincin marasa lafiya. An wallafa aikin a mujallar Pan African Medical Journal – One Health.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Manga |first=Mohammed Mohammed |title=One health: harmonizing infection prevention and control, and antimicrobial stewardship in combating antimicrobial resistance to improve patient safety |journal=PAMJ - One Health |year=2022 |volume=7 |pages=22 |doi=10.11604/pamj-oh.2022.7.22.33988 |url=https://www.one-health.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/7/22/full }}</ref> Ya kuma kasance cikin marubutan binciken da aka wallafa a shekarar 2021 kan yadda ma'aikatan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na matakin farko a arewacin Najeriya ke rubuta magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma muhimmancin hakan wajen yaƙi da juriyar ƙwayoyin cuta.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Manga |first=Mohammed Mohammed |title=Antibiotic prescribing habits among primary healthcare workers in Northern Nigeria: a concern for patient safety in the era of global antimicrobial resistance |journal=PAMJ - One Health |year=2021 |volume=5 |pages=19 |doi=10.11604/pamj-oh.2021.5.19.30847 |url=https://www.one-health.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/5/19/full }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Likitan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta]] gfst56an8surmowyu567da15q0smh2u 0 179372 968213 2026-10-16T10:42:00Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Lazarus Abore Mbaya | honorific_prefix = Dr. | occupation = Professor, Geographer, Researcher | employer = [[Gombe State University]] | field = [[Biogeography]], [[Geomorphology]], Environmental Management | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Lazarus Abore Mbaya''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[ilimin ƙasa]] (Geography), musamman [[biogeography]] da [[geomorphology]]. Yana aiki a Sashen Geography na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]].... 968213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Lazarus Abore Mbaya | honorific_prefix = Dr. | occupation = Professor, Geographer, Researcher | employer = [[Gombe State University]] | field = [[Biogeography]], [[Geomorphology]], Environmental Management | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Lazarus Abore Mbaya''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[ilimin ƙasa]] (Geography), musamman [[biogeography]] da [[geomorphology]]. Yana aiki a Sashen Geography na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]]. Bincikensa ya shafi nazarin taswirori, tsarin yanayin ƙasa, kula da muhalli, da amfani da fasahar bayanan ƙasa wajen nazarin matsalolin muhalli.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lazarus A B O R E Mbaya |url=https://gomsu.academia.edu/LazarusMbaya |website=Academia.edu |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aiki da bincike == Mbaya ya gudanar da bincike kan matsalolin muhalli da suka shafi birane da yankunan arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Daga cikin muhimman batutuwan da ya yi nazari a kansu akwai zaizayar ƙasa, sauye-sauyen amfani da ƙasa, nazarin yanayin ƙasa, da kula da albarkatun muhalli. A shekarar 2012, Mbaya tare da H. K. Ayuba da John Abdullahi sun wallafa bincike mai taken An Assessment of Gully Erosion in Gombe Town, Gombe State, Nigeria. Binciken ya yi nazari kan yadda ramukan zaizayar ƙasa suka bunƙasa a Gombe, da kuma barazanar da suke yi wa gine-gine da sauran ababen more rayuwa. An wallafa shi a mujallar Journal of Geography and Geology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mbaya |first=Lazarus Abore |title=An Assessment of Gully Erosion in Gombe Town, Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=Journal of Geography and Geology |year=2012 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=110–120 |doi=10.5539/jgg.v4n3p110 |url=https://doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v4n3p110 }}</ref> A shekarar 2016, ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken Geospatial Techniques for Terrain Analysis of Gombe State, Nigeria. Wannan bincike ya yi amfani da bayanan yanayin ƙasa da fasahar GIS wajen nazarin siffofin ƙasar Jihar Gombe da kuma amfanin bayanan wajen tsara ci gaba da kula da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ikusemoran |first=Mayomi |title=Geospatial Techniques for Terrain Analysis of Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International |year=2016 |doi=10.9734/JGEESI/2016/22674 |url=https://doi.org/10.9734/JGEESI/2016/22674 }}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Mbaya da abokan bincikensa sun wallafa bincike kan tasirin bunƙasar birnin Gombe ga amfani da ƙasa da rufin ƙasa (land use and land cover). Sun yi amfani da hotunan tauraron ɗan adam na shekarun 1976, 1996 da 2016 wajen nazarin sauye-sauyen da suka faru a yankin birnin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Effect of Urbanization on Land use Land Cover in Gombe Metropolis |url=https://gomsu.academia.edu/LazarusMbaya |website=Academia.edu |access-date=16 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Wallafe-wallafe == Mbaya ya kasance cikin editocin littafin Gombe: People, Environment, and Development, wanda aka wallafa a shekarar 2019. Littafin ya tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi jama'a, muhalli da ci gaban Jihar Gombe.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Mbaya |editor1-first=Lazarus Abore |editor2-last=Wanah |editor2-first=Bala Bello |editor3-last=Dan |editor3-first=Yakubu |editor4-last=Ahmed |editor4-first=Bilkisu Yayaji |title=Gombe: People, Environment, and Development |publisher=Nonimod J. Ventures |year=2019 |isbn=9789789764136 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGpezwEACAAJ }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana ilimin ƙasa]] [[Rukuni:Masana muhalli]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Gombe]] moke4nkk15r1zzu1irwomkw8qxtgprh 0 179373 968215 2026-10-16T10:44:47Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Kennedy D. Yoriyo | honorific_prefix = Professor | occupation = Professor, Researcher | employer = [[Gombe State University]] | field = Applied Parasitology, Entomology | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Kennedy D. Yoriyo''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannin [[parasitology|ilimin ƙwayoyin halittar da ke rayuwa a jikin wasu halittu]] da [[entomology|ilimin ƙwari]]. Yana da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]], inda yake... 968215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kennedy D. Yoriyo | honorific_prefix = Professor | occupation = Professor, Researcher | employer = [[Gombe State University]] | field = Applied Parasitology, Entomology | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Kennedy D. Yoriyo''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannin [[parasitology|ilimin ƙwayoyin halittar da ke rayuwa a jikin wasu halittu]] da [[entomology|ilimin ƙwari]]. Yana da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]], inda yake gudanar da ayyukan ilimi da bincike. A shekarar 2023, jami'ar ta ɗaukaka shi daga matsayin babban malami zuwa matsayin farfesa a fannin Applied Parasitology and Entomology.<ref>{{cite news |last=Attah |first=William |title=Gombe State University Promotes 10 Senior Lecturers To Professors |url=https://independent.ng/gombe-state-university-promotes-10-senior-lecturers-to-professors/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=3 April 2023 |access-date=16 October 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin jami'a == A cikin sanarwar jami'ar ta watan Janairun 2024, an ambaci wani mai suna Kennedy Paloma Yoriyo a matsayin shugaban Sashen Zoology na Jami'ar Jihar Gombe.<ref>{{cite web |title=GSU News Bulletin: January 2024 Edition |url=https://gsu.edu.ng/home/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/GSU-NEWS-BULLETIN-January-2024-edition_compressed.pdf |website=Gombe State University |date=January 2024 |access-date=16 October 2026 }}</ref> == Fannin bincike == Fannin ƙwarewar Yoriyo ya haɗa da nazarin ƙwayoyin halittar da ke rayuwa a jikin wasu halittu da kuma ƙwari. Waɗannan fannoni suna da muhimmanci wajen fahimtar cututtukan da ƙwayoyin halitta ko ƙwari ke yaɗawa, da kuma nazarin hulɗar ƙwari da muhalli. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Masana ilimin ƙwari]] [[Rukuni:Masana parasitology]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Gombe]] obkqz1e2lg05bd3lbscocxz8tdp4t02 0 179374 968216 2026-10-16T10:47:24Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Hankourao Seydou | honorific_prefix = Professor | occupation = Masanin kimiyyar lissafi, malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = Medical physics, environmental physics | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Hankourao Seydou''' farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar lissafi na likitanci da kimiyyar lissafin muhalli (''medical and environmental physics'') a [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. A watan Af... 968216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Hankourao Seydou | honorific_prefix = Professor | occupation = Masanin kimiyyar lissafi, malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = Medical physics, environmental physics | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Hankourao Seydou''' farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar lissafi na likitanci da kimiyyar lissafin muhalli (''medical and environmental physics'') a [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. A watan Afrilun 2023, jami'ar ta ɗaukaka shi daga matsayin babban malami zuwa matsayin farfesa tare da wasu manyan malamai tara. Rahoton jaridar ''Independent'' ya bayyana cewa ɗaukaka matsayin ta biyo bayan taron majalisar gudanarwar jami'ar karo na 48.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe State University Promotes 10 Senior Lecturers To Professors |url=https://independent.ng/gombe-state-university-promotes-10-senior-lecturers-to-professors/ |website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=3 April 2023 |access-date=16 October 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin ilimi da bincike == Binciken da aka wallafa a shafin bincike mai alaƙa da sunansa ya nuna cewa Seydou ya yi aiki kan batutuwan kimiyyar muhalli da nazarin abubuwa masu guba a cikin ruwa da laka ta amfani da hanyoyin kimiyyar lissafi. Daga cikin ayyukan da aka danganta da shi akwai bincike kan gano sinadarai masu nauyi a cikin laka ta Kogin Kubanni ta amfani da fasahar ''Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Seydou Hankouraou — Independent Researcher |url=https://independent.academia.edu/DrSeydouHankouraou |website=Academia.edu |access-date=16 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar lissafi]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] ab37w7bwq8kvo23cn6yst4rqvo4xh0x 968221 968216 2026-10-16T11:05:12Z Baby juuu 38856 968221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Hankourao Seydou | honorific_prefix = Professor | occupation = Masanin kimiyyar lissafi, malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = Medical physics, environmental physics | nationality = Nigerian }} '''Hankourao Seydou''' farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar lissafi na likitanci da kimiyyar lissafin muhalli (''medical and environmental physics'') a [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. A watan Afrilu a cikin shekara ta 2023, jami'ar ta ɗaukaka shi daga matsayin babban malami zuwa matsayin farfesa tare da wasu manyan malamai tara. Rahoton jaridar ''Independent'' ya bayyana cewa ɗaukaka matsayin ta biyo bayan taron majalisar gudanarwar jami'ar karo na 48.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe State University Promotes 10 Senior Lecturers To Professors |url=https://independent.ng/gombe-state-university-promotes-10-senior-lecturers-to-professors/ |website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=3 April 2023 |access-date=16 October 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin ilimi da bincike == Binciken da aka wallafa a shafin bincike mai alaƙa da sunansa ya nuna cewa Seydou ya yi aiki kan batutuwan kimiyyar muhalli da nazarin abubuwa masu guba a cikin ruwa da laka ta amfani da hanyoyin kimiyyar lissafi. Daga cikin ayyukan da aka danganta da shi akwai bincike kan gano sinadarai masu nauyi a cikin laka ta Kogin Kubanni ta amfani da fasahar ''Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Seydou Hankouraou — Independent Researcher |url=https://independent.academia.edu/DrSeydouHankouraou |website=Academia.edu |access-date=16 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar lissafi]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] l5udhx72p1xypvvhg069i20ii8lak5a