Wikipedia hifwiki https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahila_Panna MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.2 first-letter saadhan khaas baat sadasya sadasya ke baat Wikipedia Wikipedia baat file file ke baat MediaWiki MediaWiki ke baat Template Template ke baat madat madat ke baat vibhag voibhag ke baat TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2744 335429 331511 2026-05-16T06:44:56Z ~2026-29428-02 40024 Cfvygtfvfvxf. Y gggfzattfhgu dcn,cu dcbx"&"-6#(-XV va GD XX po rh GD po su vi du kg yra i gi ta i 335429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country| fullcountryname=United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | common_name=The United Kingdom | image_flag=Flag of the United Kingdom.svg | image_coa=Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom (St. Edward's Crown).svg | symbol_type=Coat of Arms | image_location=LocationUnitedKingdom.png | nationalsong= God Save the King | officiallanguages= [[English bhasa|English]] (de facto), recognised regional languages are Welsh, Cornish, Scottish (Gaelic), Scots, and Irish.| countrycapital=[[London]]| countrylargestcity=London | areatotal= 94,526 mi² / 244,820 km² | arearank=79 | areawater= 1,266.6 mi² / 3,280.6 | areawaterpercent= 1.34 | currency = Pound Sterling (£) | utcoffset = +0 | dialingcode = +44 | internettld = .uk | |leader_title1=Raja|leader_name1=Charles|leader_title2=Pradhan Mantri|leader_name2=Rishi Sunak|populationtotal=60 million}} '''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland''', jiske chota kar ke '''United Kingdom''' nai to '''UK''', nai to khaali '''Britain''', bolaa jaawe hae, [[Europe]] ke northwest me ek des hae.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toponymic guidelines for map and other editors, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/toponymic-guidelines/toponymic-guidelines-for-map-and-other-editors-united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland--2 |website=GOV.UK |date=9 November 2023 |access-date=12 February 2024 |at=10.2 Definitions |quote=usually shortened to United Kingdom ... The abbreviation is UK or U.K. |archive-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617165832/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/toponymic-guidelines |url-status=live }}</ref> Isme chaar des hae: [[England]], [[Scotland]], [[Wales]] aur [[Northern Ireland]].<ref name="ONS Geography Guide">{{cite web |url=https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/a-beginners-guide-to-uk-geography-2023/about |title=A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=24 August 2023 |website=Open Geography Portal |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=9 December 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209115545/https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/a-beginners-guide-to-uk-geography-2023/about |url-status=live }}</ref> UK [[Great Britain]] island, [[Ireland]] island ke north-eastern hissa aur dher chota chota islands. Iske area 94,354 square miles ( 244,376 square kilometres) hae.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of Great Britain in English |url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Great-Britain?q=Great+Britain |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004223902/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Great-Britain?q=Great+Britain |archive-date=4 October 2013 |access-date=29 October 2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |quote=}}</ref> Northern Ireland ke jamiin ke border [[Republic of Ireland]] se hae aur iske alaawa iske sab taraf samundar hae; [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[North Sea]], [[ENglish Channel]], [[Celtic Sea]] aur [[Irish Sea]]. Iske abaadi, 2022 me 60 million rahaa. Iske, aur England ke capital, aur sab se barraa city, [[London]] hae, jiske mtropolitan area, [[Europe]] me sab se barra hae aur iske abaadi 14.9 million hae.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations|title=Major Agglomerations|access-date=16 October 2023}}</ref> Scotland ke capital hae [[Edinburgh]], Wales ke capital hae [[Cardiff]] aur Northern Ireland ke capital hae [[Belfast]] UK me [[Neolithic]] samay se log rahe hae. [[Roman]] log 43 AD UK ke aapan niche kare lagin aur 400 saal talak raj karin. Roman army ke laute ke kuchh saal baad [[Anglo-Saxon]] log aae ke UK me base lagin. 1066 me Normans log UK me raj kare ke suruu karin. 16th century talak Wales aur Scotland, England ke niche aae gais aurBritish Empire suruu bhais. 17th century me English raja ke taagat ke aur kamti kar dewa gais. 1707 me Kingdom aur Kindom of Scotland jurr ke Kingdom of Great Britain ban gais. 1800 me Kingdom of Ireland ke jorr ke Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland banaawa gais. 1992 me Ireland ke jaada hissa UK se alag hoe gais aur 1927 me abhi ke UK banaa. UK [[dunia]] ke pahila des rahaa jon industrialise bhais rahaa. 1815 se 1914 talak ii dunia ke sab se taagatwar des rahaa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mathias |first=P. |title=The First Industrial Nation: the Economic History of Britain, 1700–1914 |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-415-26672-7 |location=London}}; {{Cite book |last=Ferguson |first=Niall |url= https://archive.org/details/empire00nial |title=Empire: The rise and demise of the British world order and the lessons for global power |publisher=Basic Books |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-465-02328-8 |location=New York |url-access=registration}}</ref> [[1920s]] me British Empire dunia ke 25% jamiin me faela rahaa aur 25% log pe raj karat rahaa, Dui World War ke baad iske taagat kamtii hoe lagaa aur dhire dhire colonies ajaad hoe gain.<ref>{{cite book |first=Judith |last=Brown |author-link=Judith M. Brown |title=The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-924679-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CpSvK3An3hwC |ref=refOHBEv4 |access-date=22 July 2009 |archive-date=3 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103114315/http://books.google.com/books?id=CpSvK3An3hwC |url-status=live }} p. 319</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Wm. Roger |last=Louis |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC |ref=refLouis2006 |access-date=22 July 2009 |archive-date=22 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222045215/https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC |url-status=live }} p. 337</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=David |last=Abernethy |title=The Dynamics of Global Dominance, European Overseas Empires 1415–1980 |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-300-09314-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ennqNS1EOuMC |ref=refAbernethy2000 |access-date=22 July 2009 |archive-date=14 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111214082531/http://books.google.com/books?id=ennqNS1EOuMC |url-status=live }} p. 146</ref> United Kingdom ek constitutional monarchy aur parliamentary democracy hae.<ref>{{Citation |title=What is the UK Constitution? |date=9 August 2018 |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/constitution-unit/what-uk-constitution/what-uk-constitution |publisher=The Constitution Unit of UCL |access-date=6 February 2020 |archive-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107060057/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/constitution-unit/whatis/uk-constitution |url-status=live }}</ref> UK me tiin alag sarkar hae; England aur Wales, Scotland aur Northern Ireland.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dewart |first1=Megan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XW_EtwEACAAJ |title=The Scottish Legal System |date=2019 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]] |isbn=978-1-5265-0633-7 |location=UK |page=57 |quote= |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704040048/https://books.google.com/books?id=XW_EtwEACAAJ |url-status=live }}; {{Cite web |title=The justice system and the constitution |url=https://www.judiciary.uk/about-the-judiciary/our-justice-system/jud-acc-ind/justice-sys-and-constitution/#:~:text=The%20United%20Kingdom%20has%20three,of%20Union%201707%20and%201800. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521180341/https://www.judiciary.uk/about-the-judiciary/our-justice-system/jud-acc-ind/justice-sys-and-constitution/ |archive-date=21 May 2023 |access-date=13 June 2023 |publisher=Courts and Tribunals Judiciary |quote= }}</ref> 1999 se Scotland, Wales aur Northern Ireland ke aapan sarkar aur parliament hae.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devolution of powers to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland |url=https://www.gov.uk/devolution-of-powers-to-scotland-wales-and-northern-ireland#devolved-administrations |access-date=17 April 2013 |publisher=United Kingdom Government |quote= |archive-date=18 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718065448/https://www.gov.uk/devolution-of-powers-to-scotland-wales-and-northern-ireland#devolved-administrations |url-status=live }}; {{Cite web |title=Country Overviews: United Kingdom |url=http://www.transport-research.info/web/countryprofiles/uk.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100404062853/http://www.transport-research.info/web/countryprofiles/uk.cfm |archive-date=4 April 2010 |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=Transport Research Knowledge Centre }}</ref> Jaada log English me baat kare hae lekin kuchh log native bhasaa me bhi baat kare hae, jaise ki Wales me Welsh, Cornwall me Cornish , Scotland me Scottish (Gaelic) aur Scots in , Northern Ireland me Irish aur Channel Islands me French. Hian pe immigrants logan ke aawe ke kaaran 270 aur bhasa bola jaawe hae, jaise ki [[Panjabi bhasa|Panjabi]], [[Bengali bhasa|Bengali]], [[Urdu]], Cantonese, [[Greek bhasa]], Southwestern Caribbean Creole.<ref>http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=United+Kingdom Languages of the UK</ref> UK ke national anthem God Save the King hae. Inke raja aur pradhan mantri hote hai aur cabinet aur political parties bhi hota hai. Maharaja: King, Charles ||| (Raja Charles |||) Maharani: Camilla (Queen Camilla)<ref>Coronation of Charles and Camilla on the 6th of May, 2023</ref> Pradhan Mantri: [[Keir Starmer]] === Ethnicity === {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%;" |- !width="200px"| Ethnic group!! [[Population]]!! % of total* |- | align = "left"| White <td> 54153898 </td>|| 92.1% </tr> | align = "left"| Black <td>1148738 </td>|| 2.0% </tr> | align = "left"| Mixed race <td> 677117 </td>|| 1.2% </tr> | align = "left"| Indian <td> 1053411 </td>|| 1.8% </tr> | align = "left"| Pakistani <td>747285 </td>|| 1.3% </tr> | align = "left"| Bangladeshi <td> 283063 </td>|| 0.5% </tr> |- | align="left" | | || align = "left"| Other Asian (non-Chinese) <td> 247644 </td>|| 0.4% </tr> | align = "left"| Chinese <td> 247403 </td>|| 0.4% </tr> | align = "left"| Other || 230615 || 0.4% </tr> |} === Desh ke dharam === {| class="wikitable" |- !Religion/Denomination!!Current religion<br />!!Percent<br />% |- |Christian|| align="right" |42,079,000||align="right"|71.6 |- |No religion|| align="right" |9,104,000||align="right"|15.5 |- |[[Muslim]]||align="right"|1,591,000||align="right"|2.7 |- |[[Hindu]]||align="right"|559,000||align="right"|1.0 |- |[[Sikh]]||align="right"|336,000||align="right"|0.6 |- ||Jewish|| align="right" |267,000||align="right"|0.5 |- |Buddhist|| align="right" |152,000||align="right"|0.3 |- |Other Religion||align="right"|179,000||align="right"|0.3 |- |'''All religions'''||align="right"|'''45,163,000'''||align="right"|'''76.8''' |- |Not Answered||align="right"|4,289,000||align="right"|7.3 |- |'''No religion +<br />Not Answered'''||align="right"|'''13,626,000'''||align="right"|'''23.2''' |- |'''Base'''||align="right"|'''58,789,000'''||align="right"|'''100''' |} <div align=center></div> == References == {{reflist}} {{commons|United Kingdom}} [[vibhag:United Kingdom| ]] [[vibhag:Commonwealth ke member]] [[vibhag:European Union ke member]] [[vibhag:NATO ke member]] okakknzjqnpaaaxjniwr4q3gm58hrl8 0 3766 335423 331559 2026-05-15T22:54:28Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 335423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Alexander Pushkin | image = Orest Kiprensky - Портрет поэта А.С.Пушкина - Google Art Project.jpg | caption = Portrait by [[Orest Kiprensky]], 1827 | native_name = Александр Пушкин | native_name_lang = ru | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1799|06|06}} | birth_place = Moscow, Russia | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1837|02|10|1799|06|06}} | death_place = Saint Petersburg, Russia | occupation = {{cslist|Poet|novelist|playwright}} | parents = | spouse = {{marriage|[[Natalia Pushkina|Natalia Goncharova]]|1831}} | children = 4 | genre = {{cslist|Novel|novel in verse|poem|drama|short story|fairytale}} | language = Russian, French | movement = {{plainlist| * [[Romanticism]] * [[Literary realism|Realism]] * [[Classicism]]<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004484054_007 | doi=10.1163/9789004484054_007 | chapter=Pushkin between Classicism, Romanticism and Realism | title=Two Hundred Years of Pushkin, Volume III | date=2004 | last1=Weststeijn | first1=Willem G. | pages=47–56 | isbn=978-90-04-48405-4 }}</ref>}} | notableworks = {{cslist|''[[Eugene Onegin]]''|''[[The Captain's Daughter]]''|''[[Boris Godunov (play)|Boris Godunov]]''|''[[Ruslan and Ludmila]]''}} | period = [[Golden Age of Russian Poetry]] | alma_mater = [[Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum]] | signature = Pushkin Signature.svg | image_size = }} '''Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin''' (Janam: [[6 June]], [[1799]], [[Moscow]]; maut: [[10 February]] [[1837]], [[St Petersburg]]) ek [[Russia]]n [[poet]] , [[novel]]ist, [[drama]]tist aur [[writer|short stories]] ke [[writer]] rahaa. Log soche hae ki Pushkin Russia ke sab se barraa poet rahaa. Uu Russian [[literature]] promote karisrahaa. Pushkin uu rakam se likhat rahaa jon ki uu time talak koi Russian nai likhe rahaa. Uu Russian me uu rakam likhat rahaa jaise ki baat kaeaa jaawe hae. ==Palwaar== [[File:Pushkin_Coat_of_arms.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Pushkin palwaar ke coat of arms]] [[File:PuschkinSL.JPG|thumb|180px|Pushkin ke pitaji, Sergei Lvovich Pushkin]] [[File:A.S. Pushkin in youth.png|thumb|180px|Alexander Pushkin aapan jawaani me]] Pushkin ke pitaji, Sergei Lvovich Pushkin (1767–1848), Russian nobility ke ek jaana-maana palwar se descended rahaa aur aapan ancestry ke [[12th century]] talak trace kare hae.<ref name="Saint Petersburg 2007">Н.К. Телетова [N.K. Teletova] (2007).</ref> Pushkin ke amma, Nadezhda (Nadya) Ossipovna Gannibal (1775–1836), aapan naani ke bagal se [[German nobility|German]] aur [[List of nobles and magnates within Scandinavia in the 13th century|Scandinavian nobility]] se decsendant rahii.<ref name="Лихауг Lihaug 2006 31–38">{{Cite journal | last = Лихауг [Lihaug]| first = Э.Г. [E.G.]| title = Предки А.С. Пушкина в Германии и Скандинавии(предположительно): происхождение Христины Регины Шёберг (Ганнибал) от Клауса фон Грабо из Грабо [Ancestors of A.S. Pushkin in Germany and Scandinavia: Descent of Christina Regina Siöberg (Hannibal) from Claus von Grabow zu Grabow]| journal=Генеалогический вестник |trans-journal=Genealogical Herald |location=Saint Petersburg| volume = 27| pages = 31–38|date=November 2006}}</ref><ref name="Lihaug 2007 32–46">{{Cite journal | last = Lihaug| first = Elin Galtung| title = Aus Brandenburg nach Skandinavien, dem Baltikum und Rußland. Eine Abstammungslinie von Claus von Grabow bis Alexander Sergejewitsch Puschkin 1581–1837| journal=Archiv für Familiengeschichtsforschung| volume = 11| pages = 32–46|year=2007}}</ref> Uu f Ossip Abramovich Gannibal (1744–1807) aur uske aurat, Maria Alekseyevna Pushkina (1745–1818) ke larrki rahii. Ossip Abramovich Gannibal ke pitaji, Pushkin ke par-aaja, [[Abram Petrovich Gannibal]] (1696–1781), ek African [[Page (occupation)|page]] rahaa jiske apharan kar ke [[Constantinople]] lae jaawa gais rahaa, [[Ottoman Sultan]] ke gift khaatir aur baad me Russia transfer karaa gais rahaa [[Peter the Great]] ke tofaa ke ruup me. Abram ek chtthii Empress Elizabeth, Peter the Great's ke larrki ke lage likhis rahaa, ki Gannibal "Lagon" town se rahaa, ii jaada kar ke saait ek banaawati biography jiske Gannibal ke damaad, Rotkirch likhis rahaa. ==Bachpan ke din== Pushkin ke janam Moscow me bhais rahaa jahaan pe uske nursemaids aur French tutors dekhat rahin, aur uu das saal ke umar talak jaada kar ke [[French bhasa]] me baat karat rahaa. Uu [[Russian bhasa ghar ke naukar aur aapan nanny, Arina Rodionovna, jiske uu aapan maiyaa se jaada pyar karat rahaa, se sikhis rahaa. Jab uu 15 saal ke rahaa tab uu aapan pahila kavita ke chaapis rahaa. Jab uu aapan school ke khalaas karis , as part of the first graduating class of the prestigious [[Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum|Imperial Lyceum]] [[Tsarskoye Selo]] me, Saint Petersburg ke lage, tab talak uske talent ke Russian literary scene me jaana jaawat rahaa. Lyceum me, uu David Mara, jiske Russia ke {{ill|David de Boudry|fr}} jaana jaawe hae, French revolutionary [[Jean-Paul Marat]] ke chhotaa bhaiyaa rahaa, ke student rahaa.<ref name="Goetz">{{cite news|url=http://docplayer.fr/14907605-Jean-paul-marat-notice-generale-etapes-de-vie-action-journaux-livres-theorie-politique.html|author=Goëtz-Nothomb, Charlotte|language=fr|page=9|title=Jean-Paul Marat - Notice Generale}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> School ke baad, Pushkin, St. Petersburg ke vibrant aur raucous intellectual youth culture me kuud gais rahaa. 1820 me uu aapan pahila lambaa kavita, ''[[Ruslan and Ludmila]]'' ke chaapis rahaa, jiske subject aur style ke baare me dher controversy rahaa. ==Samaj sudhaar== Jab uu Lyceum me rahaa, tab Pushkin, [[Alexander Kunitsyn]] ke [[Kant]]ian [[liberalism|liberal]] individualist teachings se kaafi influenced rahaa, jiske Pushkin baad me aapan kavita ''19 October'' me commemortae karis rahaa.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schapiro |first1=Leonard |title=Rationalism and Nationalism in Russian Nineteenth Century Political Thought |date=1967 |publisher=Yale University Press |pages=48–50 |quote=Schapiro writes that Kunitsyn’s influence on Pushkin’s political views was 'important above all.' Schapiro describes Kunitsyn's philosophy as conveying 'the most enlightened principles of past thought on the relations of the individual and the state,' namely, that the ruler’s power is 'limited by the natural rights of his subjects, and these subjects can never be treated as a means to an end but only as an end in themselves.'}}</ref> Pushkin apne ke French [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] me bhi involve karis rahaa, jisse uu permanently indebted rahaa aapan jindagi bhar, khaas kar ke [[Voltaire]], jiske uu describe karis rahaa as "the first to follow the new road, and to bring the lamp of philosophy into the dark archives of history".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kahn |first1=Andrew |title=Pushkin's Lyric Intelligence |date=2008 |publisher=OUP Oxford |page=283}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pushkin |first1=Alexander |title=The Letters of Alexander Pushkin |date=1967 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |page=164}}</ref> Pushkin dhire-dhire samaj sudhar me lag gais aur literary radicals ke spokesman banaa rahaa. Isse sarkar khus nai rahaa aur uske capital se May 1820 me transfer kar diis rahaa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wight |first=C. |title=Pushkin, poet and troublemaker - the early years |url=https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/blackeuro/pushkinpoet.html |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=www.bl.uk |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828075943/https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/blackeuro/pushkinpoet.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Uu [[Caucasus]] gais aur fir [[Crimea]] aur iske baad [[Kamianka, Cherkasy Oblast|Kamianka]] aur [[House-Museum of Alexander Pushkin|Chișinău in Bessarabia]]. Uu [[Filiki Eteria]] ke join karis rahaa, ek secret organization jon [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] ke raaj [[Greece]] me ke overthrow kar ke ek independent Greek state banae maangat rahaa. Uske [[Greek Revolution]] inspire karis rahaa aur jab Ottoman Empire ke virod me larrai suruu bhais rahaa, uu ek diary rakkhis rahaa jahan pe uu national uprising ke record rakkhis rahaa. ==Aage barrnaa== [[File:Pushkin derzhavin.jpg|thumb|Pushkin ek kavita parrhe hae [[Gavrila Derzhavin]] ke khaatir ek exam me Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum me, 8 January 1815 me. Painting ke [[Ilya Repin]] (1911) me karis rahaa]] [[File:Анна Петровна Керн.jpg|left|thumb|180px|Pushkin premi [[Anna Petrovna Kern]] se saadi karis rahaa, jiske khaatir saait uu likhis rahaa [[wikisource:To*** Kern|most famous love poem]] Russian me]] Uu Chișinău me 1823 talak rahaa aur dui [[Romanticism|Romantic]] kavita likhis rahaa jiske kaaran uske barrai karaa gais rahaa: ''[[The Prisoner of the Caucasus (poem)|The Prisoner of the Caucasus]]'' aur ''[[The Fountain of Bakhchisaray]]''. 1823 me, Pushkin [[Odessa]] gais, jahan uske takkar fir se sarkar se bhais, jon uske exile me uske maiyaa ke rural estate [[Mikhaylovskoye Museum Reserve|Mikhailovskoye]], [[Pskov]] ke lage, 1824 se 1826 talak bhejis rahaa.<ref>''Images of Pushkin in the works of the black "pilgrims".'' Ahern, Kathleen M. [[The Mississippi Quarterly]] p. 75(11) Vol. 55 No. 1 {{ISSN|0026-637X}}. 22 December 2001.</ref> Mikhailovskoye me, 1825 me, Pushkin ek kavita likhis ''To***''. Ii maana jaawe hae ki uu ii kavita ke [[Anna Petrovna Kern|Anna Kern]] ke dedicate karis rahaa, lekin duusra jan aur kuchh soche hae. Poet Mikhail Dudin biswas karat rahaa ki ii kavita naukar Olga Kalashnikova ke dedicated rahaa.<ref name=VNLS>{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.lych.ru/online/0ainmenu-65/32--s32008/96-n-- Vadim Nikolayev. To whom «Magic Moment» has been dedicated?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002133033/http://www.lych.ru/online/0ainmenu-65/32--s32008/96-n-- |date=2 October 2013 }}</ref> [[Pushkin studies|Pushkinist]] Kira Victorova biswas karat rahaa ki ii kavita Empress Elizaveta Alekseyevna ke dedicated rahaa.<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://esdek.narod.ru/48/pushkin.htm In an interview with Kira Victorova] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507083421/http://esdek.narod.ru/48/pushkin.htm |date=7 May 2013 }}</ref> Vadim Nikolayev bahas karis ki e Empress ke baare me idea biswas kare laayak nai rahaa aur iske baare discuss nai karis , jab uu try karat rahaa prove kare ki ii kavita Tatyana Larina, ''Eugene Onegin'' ke heroine ke dedicated rahaa.<ref name=VNLS /> Wahii saal me (1825) Pushkin likhis rahaa ki ii ek mashuur play hoe jaai , the drama ''[[Boris Godunov (play)|Boris Godunov]]'', jab uu aapan maiyaa ke estate me rahaa. Lekin uske iske chaape ke ijaajat nai milaa, paaanch saal baad talak. Ii drama ke original aur uncensored version ke kkhaali 2007 stage karaa jaawe sakaa rahaa. {{BD|1799|1837|Pushkin, Alexander}} [[Vibhag:P]] [[Category:Russia ke lekhak]] [[Category:Russia ke kavi]] 865bk0urlbkg9u9qpli1ug7jq7mag0x 0 4550 335424 304014 2026-05-15T22:59:10Z ~2026-29220-30 40021 335424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- For individuals; see Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --> | Name =George Frideric Handel | Img =George Frideric Handel by Balthasar Denner.jpg | Img_alt = | Img_capt =Handel ke chapa 1727 me | Img_size = | Landscape = | Background = ** Mandatory ** Use one of solo_singer, non_vocal_instrumentalist, non_performing_personnel, temporary | Birth_name = | Alias = | Born = <!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> [[23 February]] [[1685]], [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], [[Germany]] | Died = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth) --> [[14 April]] [[1759]] ,[[London]], [[England]] | Origin = German | Instrument = | Genre = | Occupation = | Years_active = | Label = | Associated_acts = | URL = | Notable_instruments = }} '''George Frideric Handel''' ([[German bhasa|German]]: '''Georg Friedrich Händel''') (janam: Halle, [[Germany]], [[23 February]] [[1685]]; maut: [[London]], [[England]], [[14 April]] [[1759]]) ek German [[composer]] rahaa, jon ki aapan jawaani ke time [[England]] me jaae ke rahaa <ref name=lords>{{cite web | last= The House of Lords|title=British Citizen by Act of Parliament: George Frideric Handel| url= http://www.parliament.uk/parliamentary_publications_and_archives/parliamentary_archives/handel_and_naturalisation.cfm| accessdate=2007-8-29}}</ref> Baad me uu ek British citizen ban gais rahaa. [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] aur [[Handel]] ekke saal me paida bhain rahaa. Ii logan appan jamanke sab se achchhaa composer rahin lekin ek dusre se kabhi nai milin rahaa. Jab Handel British citizen banaa tab uu aapan naam ke badal ke '''George Frideric Handel''' kar diis. Jab ki duuno [[Baroque music|Baroque]] ke jamana me rahin, uu logan ke music developed differently. Handel wrote many [[opera]]s and [[oratorio]]s and by them became very famous. He took many trips, including to [[Italy]] where he learned a lot about [[composition]]. Bach never left central Germany, and most of the time he was a [[church]] musician who was not well-known by the general public. Handel wrote over 40 operas. Later he wrote [[oratorio]]s. His most famous oratorio is the ''[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]'' . He wrote [[anthem]]s, [[chamber music]] and [[orchestra]]l music including ''the [[Water Music]]'' and ''[[Music for the Royal Fireworks]]''. == References == {{reflist}} {{BD|1685|1759|Handel,George Frideric}} [[Category:England ke log]] [[Category:Germany ke log]] [[Category:Composers]] jhymh2mcabh8kx22sry1xkp540smz29 0 6361 335427 321954 2026-05-16T03:33:15Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 335427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religion | name = Isai Dharam | image = Church of the Holy Sepulchre by Gerd Eichmann (cropped).jpg | imagewidth = 275px | alt = | caption = Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Old City of Jerusalem ke Christian quarter me | main_classification = [[Abrahami Dharam|Abrahamic]] | scripture = [[Bible]] ([[Old Testament|Old]] and [[New Testament]]) | theology = [[God in Christianity|Monotheistic]] | language = [[Biblical Hebrew]], [[Biblical Aramaic]], aur [[Koine Greek|Biblical Greek]] | territory = [[Christendom]] | founder = [[Jesus]] | founded_date = [[Christianity in the 1st century|1st century AD]] | founded_place = [[Judaea (Roman province)|Judaea]], Roman Empire | separated_from = [[Judaism]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Ehrman |first=Bart D. |author-link=Bart D. Ehrman |year=2005 |orig-year=2003 |title=Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew |chapter=At Polar Ends of the Spectrum: Early Christian Ebionites and Marcionites |journal=Church History |volume=74 |issue=2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=URdACxKubDIC&pg=PA95 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |pages=95–112 |doi=10.1017/s0009640700110273 |isbn=978-0-19-518249-1 |s2cid=152458823 |access-date=20 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hurtado |first=Larry W. |author-link=Larry Hurtado |year=2005 |chapter=How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Approaches to Jesus-Devotion in Earliest Christianity |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xi5xIxgnNgcC&pg=PA13 |title=How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus |location=Grand Rapids and Cambridge |publisher=[[Wm. B. Eerdmans]] |pages=13–55 |isbn=978-0-8028-2861-3 |access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Freeman |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Freeman (historian) |year=2010 |title=A New History of Early Christianity |chapter=Breaking Away: The First Christianities |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5_in-6VLgRoC&pg=PA31 |location=New Haven and London |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |pages=31–46 |doi=10.12987/9780300166583 |isbn=978-0-300-12581-8 |jstor=j.ctt1nq44w |s2cid=170124789 |access-date=20 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Wilken |first=Robert Louis |year=2013 |title=The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity |chapter=Beginning in Jerusalem |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iW1-JImrwQUC&pg=PA6 |location=New Haven and London |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |pages=6–16 |isbn=978-0-300-11884-1 |jstor=j.ctt32bd7m |s2cid=160590164 |access-date=20 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author-last=Lietaert Peerbolte |author-first=Bert Jan |year=2013 |chapter=How Antichrist Defeated Death: The Development of Christian Apocalyptic Eschatology in the Early Church |editor1-last=Krans |editor1-first=Jan |editor2-last=Lietaert Peerbolte |editor2-first=L. J. |editor3-last=Smit |editor3-first=Peter-Ben |editor4-last=Zwiep |editor4-first=Arie W. |title=Paul, John, and Apocalyptic Eschatology: Studies in Honour of Martinus C. de Boer |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill |series=[[Novum Testamentum|Novum Testamentum: Supplements]] |volume=149 |pages=238–255 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MoKxIeOTkqYC&pg=PA238 |doi=10.1163/9789004250369_016 |isbn=978-90-04-25026-0 |issn=0167-9732 |s2cid=191738355 |access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref> | separations = | number_of_followers = [[Christianity by country|2.38&nbsp;billion]] {{increase}} ([[List of Christian synonyms|referred to]] as [[Christians]]) }} '''Isai Dharam''' ("Christianity"), ek [[Abrahami Dharam|Abrahamic]] [[monotheistic]] dharam hae, jiske maane waale ii biswas kare hae ki [[Isu Masih]] (Jesus), Ishwar ke larrkaa hae<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Jan Pelikan |first=Jaroslav |title=Christianity &#124; Definition, Origin, History, Beliefs, Symbols, Types, & Facts &#124; Britannica |date=13 August 2022 |entry=Christianity |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |quote=...there is a core of ideas that all New Testament scholars and believers would agree are central to ancient Christian beliefs. One British scholar, James G. Dunn, for example, says they would all agree that “the Risen Jesus is the Ascended Lord.” That is to say, there would have been no faith tradition and no scriptures had not the early believers thought that Jesus was “Risen,” raised from the dead, and, “Ascended,” somehow above the ordinary plane of mortal and temporal experience.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Young |first=Frances M. |author-link=Frances Young |year=2006 |chapter=Prelude: Jesus Christ, foundation of Christianity |editor1-last=Mitchell |editor1-first=M. |editor2-last=Young |editor2-first=F. |title=The Cambridge History of Christianity |volume=1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=1–34|doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521812399.002 |isbn=978-1-139-05483-6|quote=The death of Jesus Christ by crucifixion, together with his resurrection from the dead, lies at the heart of Christianity.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=Christianity - The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095610483|access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Oxford Reference |publisher=Oxford University Press|quote=The religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.}}</ref>, aur uske crucifixion ke baad uu fir se jinda hoe gais, aur jiske aae ke prphecy [[Old Testament]] me hae. Ii [[dunia]] ke sab se barraa [[dharam]] hae aur sab se jaada faela dharam hae jiske 2.4 billion jane follow kare hae, jon dunia ke abaadi ke 31.2% hae. Ii dharam me biswas kare waala log, jiske Isai bola jaae hae, 157 [[des]] me majority me hae. Isai dharam 1st century me Rome ke province Judea me suruu bhais rahaa. Isu MAsih ke chela log ii dharam ke eastern [[Mediterranean Samundar|Mediterranean]] me failian lekin uu logan ke Rome ke sarkar prosecute karat rahaa. 314 AD me Rome ke emporer Constantine II Isai dharam ke uske sujects ke follow kare diis. 380 AD me Isai dharam. Roman Empire ke sarkari dharam banaa. 1054 AD me split hoe ke [[Catholic Church]] aur [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] hoe gais.16th century me [[Protestant]] log Catholic Church se alag hoe gain. 15th aur 17th century ke biich me Isai dharam, colonialism ke kaaran dunia bhar me faela.<ref>{{cite book|last=Perry|first=Marvin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U2pnv0Aoh2EC&pg=PA33|title=Western Civilization: A Brief History, Volume I: To 1789|year=2012|publisher=Cengage|isbn=978-1-111-83720-4|page=33}}</ref>{{sfn|Bokenkotter|2004|loc=Preface}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hayes|first1=Carlton J. H.|title=Christianity and Western Civilization|year=1954|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-7581-3510-0|page=2}}</ref> Isai dharan ke tiin khaas branches hae Catholic Church (1.3 billion log), Protestantism (625 million log)<ref name="Melton2005">{{Cite book |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |title=Encyclopedia of Protestantism |year=2005 |publisher=Infobase |isbn=978-0-8160-6983-5 |page=398}}</ref>}}<ref name="gordonconwell.edu">{{cite web |url=https://www.gordonconwell.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/01/Status-of-Global-Christianity-2024.pdf |title=Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050 |publisher=Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary |access-date=23 May 2024|quote=Protestants: 625,606,000; Independents: 421,689,000; Unaffiliated Christians: 123,508,000}}</ref><ref name="KimOsmerSchweitzer2018">{{cite book |last1=Kim |first1=Hyun-Sook |last2=Osmer |first2=Richard R. |last3=Schweitzer |first3=Friedrich |title=The Future of Protestant Religious Education in an Age of Globalization |year=2018 |publisher=Waxmann Verlag |isbn=978-3-8309-8876-2 |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=muV0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Walsham |first1=Alexandra |last2=Cummings |first2=Brian |last3=Law |first3=Ceri |last4=Riley |first4=Karis |title=Remembering the Reformation |date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-61992-2 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XrpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT18}}</ref> aur Eastern Orthodoxy (230&nbsp;million) ==Itihaas== ===Apostolic Jamaana=== [[File:PikiWiki Israel 73792 mount zion jerusalem.jpg|thumb|The [[Cenacle]] on [[Mount Zion]] in [[Jerusalem]], claimed to be the location of the [[Last Supper]] and [[Pentecost]]]] Isai dharam 1st century AD me Rome ke province Judea me suruu bhais rahaa aur iske suruu me ek Jewish Christian sect maana jaawat rahaa aur isme Greek ke influence rahaa.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |entry=Evodius of Antioch → Antioch, Church of |encyclopedia=Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online |doi=10.1163/2589-7993_eeco_dum_00001220 |title=Evodius of Antioch → Antioch, Church of |date=2018 }}</ref> of [[Second Temple Judaism]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Catherine |last=Cory |title=Christian Theological Tradition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SsZcCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20 |year=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-34958-7 |at=p. 20 and forward}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Stephen |last=Benko |title=Pagan Rome and the Early Christians |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHHxkapsiEgC&pg=PA22 |year=1984 |publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-34286-7 |at=p. 22 and forward}}</ref> Pahila Jewish Isai community ke [[Jeruslam]] me three pillars , James, Perter saur John, ke niche suruu karaa gais rahaa. <ref>{{Citation |last=McGrath |first=Alister E. |author-link=Alister McGrath |year=2006 |title=Christianity: An Introduction |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=1-4051-0899-1 |page=174}}</ref> Jab non Jewish log Isai dharam ke join kare lagin tab Jewish log isse khusi nai rahin lekin Paul the Apostle ii insist karis ki koi baptise bhae jab Isai nabe sake hae.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Seifrid |first=Mark A. |author-link=Mark A. Seifrid |title=Justification by Faith: The Origin and Development of a Central Pauline Theme |chapter='Justification by Faith' and The Disposition of Paul's Argument |series=[[Novum Testamentum]] |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill |year=1992 |isbn=9004095217 |issn=0167-9732 |pages=210–211, 246–247 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KdUkuOtOw68C&pg=PA210}}</ref> == References == <references/> {{reflist|2}} == Duusra websites == {{Commonscat}} * [http://basicenglishbible.com/ The Christian Bible in Basic English]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.beliefnet.com/index/index_10002.html Christianity portal] at Beliefnet * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090504204017/http://kindstuff.googlepages.com/(bibleonbaptism) Necessity of Baptism] [[vibhag:I]] [[Vibhag:Isai dharam| ]] g27kkdq0rljrqml0hoa840klozin1lv 0 21537 335428 330410 2026-05-16T03:44:10Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 335428 wikitext text/x-wiki "'''Jana Gana Mana ''', [[India]] ke [[national anthem]] hae. [[File:Score of Jana Gana Mana harmonized by Herbert Murrill.jpg|350px|right|Score of Jana Gana Mana harmonized by Herbert Murrill]] [[File:Jana Gana Mana (instrumental).ogg|thumb|Jana Gana Mana (instrumental)]] {{Listen | type = music | filename = Jana Gana Mana 1942 performance with introduction.mp3 | title = 1942 orchestral instrumental recording (with narrated intro) | description = Performed by the Radio Hamburg Chamber Orchestra as the national anthem of India on 11 September 1942 in [[Hamburg]], Germany }} ==Lyrics== <div style="font-family: Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> {| |- <!--please do not change the vowels in this passage. If they show up in the wrong place on your computer, it's a problem with your browser, not with the article.--> <blockquote><span style="font-size:100%;"> !<span style="font-size:140%;">জন গণ মন</span> ([[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]]) ![[Bengali language#Romanization|Bengali romanization]] !<span style="font-size:140%;">जन गण मन</span> ([[Devanagari]]) |- | <!--please do not change the vowels in this passage. If they show up in the wrong place on your computer, it's a problem with your browser, not with the article.--> <blockquote><span style="font-size:140%;"> জনগণমন-অধিনায়ক জয় হে.<br> ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা<br> পঞ্জাব সিন্ধু গুজরাট মরাঠা<br> দ্রাবিড় উত্কল বঙ্গ<br> বিন্ধ্য হিমাচল যমুনা গঙ্গা<br> উচ্ছলজলধিতরঙ্গ<br> তব শুভ নামে জাগে<br> তব শুভ আশিস মাগে,<br> গাহে তব জয়গাথা |<br> জনগণমঙ্গলদায়ক জয় হে<br> ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা<br> জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় হে,<br> জয় জয় জয়, জয় হে ॥<br> </span></blockquote> | <blockquote><span style="font-size:1em;" (GIVE INDITRANSCRIPTION)> Jônogônomono-odhinaeoko jôeô he<br> Bharotobhaggobidhata<br> Pônjabo Shindhu Gujoraṭo Môraṭha<br> Drabiṛo Utkôlo Bônggo<br> Bindho Himachôlo Yomuna Gôngga<br> Uchchhôlo jôlodhi toronggo<br> Tôbo shubho name jage <br> Tôbo shubho ashish mage<br> Gahe tôbo jôeogatha<br> Jônogônomonggolodaeoko jôeô he <br> Bharotobhaggobidhata <br> Jôeo he, jôeo he, jôeo he, <br> jôeo jôeo jôeo, jôeo he<br> </span></blockquote> | <blockquote><span style="font-size:125%;"> जनगणमन अधिनायक जय हे<br> भारत-भाग्य-विधाता ।<br> पंजाब सिन्धु गुजरात मराठा<br> द्राविड़ उत्कल बंग ।<br> विन्ध्य हिमाचल यमुना गंगा,<br> उच्छल जलधि तरंग ।<br> तव शुभ नामे जागे,<br> तव शुभ आशिष माँगे;<br> गाहे तव जय गाथा ।<br> जन-गण मंगलदायक जय हे,<br> भारत-भाग्य-विधाता ।<br> जय हे, जय हे, जय हे,<br> जय जय जय, जय हे ।।</span></blockquote> |}</div> <div style="font-family: Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> {| |- <!--please do not change the vowels in this passage. If they show up in the wrong place on your computer, it's a problem with your browser, not with the article.--> <blockquote><span style="font-size:100%;"> !<span style="font-size:140%;">ਜਨ ਗਣ ਮਨ</span> ([[Punjabi alphabet|Punjabi]]) !<span style="font-size:140%;">ജന ഗണ മന</span> ([[Malayalam alphabet|Malayalam]]) !<span style="font-size:140%;">جن گن من </span> ([[Urdu alphabet|Urdu]]) !<span style="font-size:140%;">జనగణ మన </span> ([[TELUGU alphabet|TELUGU]]) |- | ਜਨ ਗਣ ਮਨ ਅਧਿਨਾਅਕ ਜਯ ਹੇ <br> ਭਾਰਤ ਭਾਙ ਵਿਧਾਤਾ <br> ਪੰਜਾਬ ਸਿੰਧ ਗੁਜਰਾਤ ਮਰਾਠਾ <br> ਦ੍ਰਾਵਿੜ ਉਤਕਲ ਬੰਗ <br> ਵਿਨਧਯ ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਯਮੁਨਾ ਗੰਗਾ <br> ਉੱਛਲ ਜਲਧਿ ਤਰੰਗਾ <br> ਤਵ ਸ਼ੁਭ ਨਾਮੇ ਜਾਗੇ <br> ਤਵ ਸ਼ੁਭ ਆਸ਼ਿਸ਼ ਮਾਗੇ <br> ਗਾਹੇ ਤਵ ਜਯ ਗਾਥਾ <br> ਜਨ ਗਣ ਮੰਗਲ ਦਾਅਕ ਜਯ ਹੇ <br> ਭਾਰਤ ਭਾਙ ਵਿਧਾਤਾ <br> ਜਯ ਹੇ ਜਯ ਹੇ ਜਯ ਹੇ <br> ਜਯ ਜਯ ਜਯ ਜਯ ਹੇ <br> </span></blockquote> | <blockquote><span style="font-size:100%;"> ജന ഗണ മന അധിനായക ജയ ഹേ <br> ഭാരത ഭാഗ്യ വിധാതാ, <br> പഞ്ചാബ സിന്ധു ഗുജറാത്ത മറാഠാ <br> ദ്രാവിഡ ഉത്ക്കല ബംഗാ,<br> വിന്ധ്യ ഹിമാചല യമുനാ ഗംഗാ,<br> ഉച്ഛല ജലധി തരംഗാ,<br> തവ ശുഭ നാമേ ജാഗേ,<br> തവ ശുഭ ആശിഷ മാഗേ,<br> ഗാഹേ തവ ജയ ഗാഥാ, <br> ജന ഗണ മംഗല ദായക ജയ ഹേ <br> ഭാരത ഭാഗ്യ വിധാതാ. <br> ജയ ഹേ, ജയ ഹേ, ജയ ഹേ <br> ജയ ജയ ജയ ജയ ഹേ!<br> </span></blockquote> | <blockquote><span style="font-size:100%;"> جن گن من ادھینایک جے ہے <br> بھارت بھاگیہ ودھاتا <br> پنجاب سندھ گجرات مراٹھا <br> دراوڑ اتکل بنگہ <br> وندھیہ ہماچل جمنا گنگا <br> اچھل جلدھی ترنگا <br> تو شبھ نامے جاگے <br> تو شبھ آشس ماگے <br> گاہے تو جے گاتھا <br> جن گن منگل دایک جے ہے <br> بھارت بھاگیہ ودھاتا <br> جے ہے جے ہے جے ہے <br> جے جے جے جے ہے <br></span></blockquote> | <blockquote><span style="font-size:125%;"> జనగణమన అధినాయక జయహే <br> భారత భాగ్య విధాత<br> పంజాబ్, సింధు, గుజరాత, మరాఠ<br> ద్రావిడ, ఉత్కళ, వంగ, <br> వింధ్య, హిమాచల, యమునా, గంగ,<br> ఉచ్ఛల జలధి తరంగ<br> తవ శుభ నామే జాగే,<br> తవశుభ ఆశిష మాగే;<br> గాహే తవజయ గాథ<br> జనగణ మంగళ దాయక జయహే,<br> భారత భాగ్య విధాత,<br> జయహే, జయహే, జయహే,<br> జయ జయ జయ జయహే.</span></blockquote> |}</div> ===English translation=== [[File:Rabindranath Tagore in 1909.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Rabindranath Tagore]]]] The following translation (edited in 1950 to replace Sindh with Sindhu as Sindh after partition was allocated to Pakistan), attributed to Tagore, is provided by the Government of India's national portal: <div style="font-family: Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><blockquote> <poem> Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people, Dispenser of India's destiny. Thy name rouses the hearts of [[Punjab region|Punjab]], [[Indus River|Sindhu]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra|Maratha]], Of the [[South India|Dravida]] and [[Odisha]] and [[Bengal]]; It echoes in the hills of the [[Vindhya range|Vindhyas]] and [[Himalayas]], mingles in the music of [[Yamuna]] and [[Ganges]] and is chanted by the waves of the [[Indian Ocean]]. They pray for thy blessings and sing thy praise. The saving of all people waits in thy hand, Thou dispenser of India's destiny. Victory, victory, victory to thee. </poem> </blockquote></div> ==Bahaari jorr== *[http://nationalanthems.me/india-jana-gana-mana/ India: ''Jana Gana Mana'' – Audio of the national anthem of India, with information and lyrics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127050723/http://www.nationalanthems.me/india-jana-gana-mana/ |date=2013-01-27 }} *[http://india.gov.in/myindia/myindia.php My India My Pride – Know India. National Portal of India. Government of India. (Also contains the official version of the Indian National Anthem in audio format as well as in video format)] * [http://www.nationalanthems.info/in.htm Indian Anthem in MIDI Format]. * [http://www.indembassy-lisbon.org/uk/mp3/indian_anthem.mp3 A rendition of Indian Anthem in MP3 format] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701040213/http://www.indembassy-lisbon.org/uk/mp3/indian_anthem.mp3 |date=2007-07-01 }} from the [http://www.indembassy-lisbon.org/uk/emb_history.html Indian embassy in Lisbon, Portugal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100512150607/http://www.indembassy-lisbon.org/uk/emb_history.html |date=2010-05-12 }}. * [http://www.freeindia.org/vmataram/genesis_of_janaganamana.shtml Genesis of Jana Gana Mana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810024940/http://www.freeindia.org/vmataram/genesis_of_janaganamana.shtml |date=2007-08-10 }} * [http://www.hamiltoninstitute.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=70&Itemid=30 Jana Gana Mana (India's National Anthem) – An Inferential Linguistic Analysis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427020359/http://www.hamiltoninstitute.com/index.php |date=2010-04-27 }} from [http://www.hamiltoninstitute.com/index.php The Hamilton Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427020359/http://www.hamiltoninstitute.com/index.php |date=2010-04-27 }} with The Complete English Translation *[http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/article2752111.ece?homepage=true 100 years since 'Jana Gana Mana' was born] detail history. [[Category:National anthems]] [[Category:India]] fstdmphqsa5ivgclrx25ldn47l7dm6t 0 52041 335426 325333 2026-05-16T02:27:13Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 335426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Non-hif language}} '''Gloria Brennan''' (12 sitambar 1948 - 2 navambar 1985) pashchimee [[Australia]] ke ek aadivaasee samudaay ke neta aur lok sevak the, jo pindinee (nyaanganyaatjaara) vansh ke the. Gloria Brennan ne kaee muddon par vakaalat kee, jinamen shaamil hain: aadivaasee bhoomi adhikaar, mahilaon aur bachchon ke lie kalyaan, aadivaasee shiksha aur svaasthy, dubhaashiya sevaon kee aavashyakata aur paramaanu oorja. unhonne raajy aur sangheey donon staron par aadivaasee maamalon ke vibhaag ke lie kaam kiya. Gloria Brennan brenan ka janm 12 sitambar 1948 ko pashchimee ostreliya ke liyonora mein hua tha. vah pashchimee ostreliyaee maata-pita, jems brenan, ek lakadahaare aur martal brenan (nee gudilar) kee doosaree santaan theen. ek bachche ke roop mein usane vudajaaree bhaasha ko dhaaraapravaah bolana seekha. unhonne gvaaliya (ve skool ke bagal ke ghar mein rahate the), levartan aur menzeez mein praathamik vidyaalayon mein bhaag liya. apane bhaee-bahanon ke saath, unhonne apanee aadivaasee sanskrti aur viraasat ke baare mein jaanane ke lie apanee naanee ke saath chhuttiyaan bitaeen. usane kalagorlee aur parth mein haee skool mein padhaee kee. 1971 mein brenan ne pashchimee ostreliya vishvavidyaalay mein kala sankaay mein ek paripakv umr ke chhaatr ke roop mein daakhila liya. unhonne nrvigyaan mein padhaee kee, aur bhaasha vigyaan, angrejee, itihaas aur sangeet ka bhee adhyayan kiya. unhonne 1978 mein kala snaatak ke saath snaatak kee upaadhi praapt kee. brenan pashchimee ostreliya vishvavidyaalay se snaatak karane vaalee pahalee aadivaasee mahilaon mein se ek theen.<ref>http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE1165b.htm</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/brennan-gloria-fay-12251 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2015-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226113510/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/brennan-gloria-fay-12251 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120325114522/http://www1.aiatsis.gov.au/thesaurus/language/mtw.exe?k=default&l=60&linkType=term&w=4313&n=1&s=5&t=2</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scholarships.uwa.edu.au/search?sc_view=1&id=135&all=1&page=18 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095114/http://www.scholarships.uwa.edu.au/search?sc_view=1&id=135&all=1&page=18 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://press.anu.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/ch03.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305033053/http://press.anu.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/ch03.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sandarbh == {{Reflist}} e5gzr0a719hih1uzbcxp2q12idoy92u 0 52125 335425 304903 2026-05-16T02:12:16Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 335425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Non-hif language}} '''Geline Fuko''' ek [[Tanzania]] ke vakeel aur maanavaadhikaar kaaryakarta hain, jo yooropeey sangh aayog dvaara vittaposhit trento italee vishvavidyaalay mein tulanaatmak sthaaneey vikaas mein iraasmas mundas sanyukt maastar kaaryakram ke snaatak hain. unhonne tanjaaniya mein sthaaneey vikaas ke lie moort pahal jaise sangathanon mein lokatantr ko badhaava dene mein madad kee hai. sanvaidhaanik sansaadhanon par pahale aur ekamaatr onalain saarvajanik detaabes ko dijain aur prabandhit karane mein unaka mahatvapoorn yogadaan tha. 2016 mein, unhen yoonaited stets dipaartament of stet dvaara mandela vaashingatan phailoship pradaan kee gaee thee. 3 agast 2016 ko vaashingatan, deesee mein yali raashtrapati shikhar sammelan mein raashtrapati obaama dvaara unakee upalabdhiyon ko vishesh roop se ujaagar kiya gaya tha. iringa kshetr tanjaaniya mein janmee, unakee praarambhik shiksha aanshik roop se graameen tanjaaniya mein nimnalikhit kshetron ruvuma, taanga aur singida mein kuchh maheenon mein huee thee. baad mein, vah 2007 mein snaatak hone ke baad, daar es salaam vishvavidyaalay mein ek lo skool mein shaamil hone se pahale maadhyamik shiksha ke lie daar es salaam chalee gaeen. 2010 mein, unhonne iraasmas mundas maastar digree shuroo kee, apana adhikaansh adhyayan samay trento, trentino mein bitaaya. uttaree italee mein olto adige praant, aur budaapest, hangaree mein korvinas vishvavidyaalay mein aur bon, jarmanee mein sanyukt raashtr svayansevakon ke saath kam avadhi. usake baad vah italee laut aaee jahaan 2012 mein trento vishvavidyaalay aur budaapest ke korvinas vishvavidyaalay se dabal maastar digree pramaanapatr praapt kiya. italee se pahale, gelin ne kredit ke lie paathyakramon mein bhaag liya; instityoot intaraneshanal des droits dee lahom dvaara samanvit straasabarg phraans vishvavidyaalay mein maanavaadhikaar paathyakram. 2014 mein unhonne budaapest hangaree mein sentral yooropiyan yoonivarsitee mein kredit ke lie ek kors mein bhaag liya jahaan unhonne aphreeka mein sanvidhaan nirmaan ka adhyayan kiya.<ref>https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/tanzania_en/46352/Geline%20Fuko:%20Making%20a%20difference%20thanks%20to%20Erasmus%20Mundus</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hamasamagazine.com/2018/05/12/geline/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2020-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222113003/https://www.hamasamagazine.com/2018/05/12/geline/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://katiba.humanrights.or.tz/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2020-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222111502/https://katiba.humanrights.or.tz/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/08/03/remarks-president-young-african-leaders-initiative-town-hall</ref><ref>https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/erasmus-plus/anniversary/spotlight-erasmus-worldwide_lt</ref> == Sandarbh == {{Reflist}} [[Vibhag:Mahila Saamaajik Kaaryakarta]] jxqsp743vj4bp79nh9psrj0inm62h5r 0 56048 335431 331765 2026-05-16T08:06:25Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 335431 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:PM installs ‘Sengol’ at new Parliament building, in New Delhi on May 28, 2023 (4).jpg|thumb|PM Modi ne 2023 mein nae Sansad bhavan mein Sengol sthaapit kiya]] '''Sengol''' (Tamil: செங்கோல், romanised: ceṅkōl, [[Hindi]]: सेंगोल (राजदंड)) ek 5-foot (1.5 m) lamba, 2-inch (5&nbsp;cm) motaa gold-plated sceptre <ref name="anandabazar1">{{cite web |date=24 May 2023 |title=নতুন সংসদ ভবনে থাকছে স্বাধীনতার অন্যতম প্রতীক 'সেঙ্গল'! সোনার রাজদণ্ডে লুকিয়ে কোন ইতিহাস? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/photogallery/all-you-need-to-know-about-historical-septre-sengol-that-is-going-to-be-placed-in-new-parliament-building-dgtl-photogallery/cid/1432390?slide=4 |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=Anandabazar |publisher=Anandabazar Patrika |language=bn |location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=Vummidi Sudhakar: How 'Sengol' was crafted? |language=en-GB |work=www.hamaribaat.com |url=https://www.hamaribaat.com/vummidi-sudhakar-how-sengol-was-crafted |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526143600/https://www.hamaribaat.com/vummidi-sudhakar-how-sengol-was-crafted |url-status=dead }}</ref> hae. 28 May, 2023 ko [[India]] ke [[New Parliament House, India|New Parliament House]] ke inaugural ceremony me, Hindu praarthanaon ke saath, India ke Pradhan Mantri Shri [[Narendra Modi]] ko diya gaya raha.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-24 |title=‘Sengol’ to be installed in the new parliament: Significance of the sceptre, first given to Nehru |language=en-IN |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/sengol-new-parliament-significance-nehru-8626977/ |access-date=2023-06-11}}</ref> nae sansad bhavan ke udghaatan ke avasar par, [[Narendra Modi|Modi]] ne nae sansad bhavan mein Lok-sabha adhyaksh kee kursee ke paas sengol sthaapit kiya. sthaapana hindoo praarthanaon ke saath kee gaee thee. India ke ajadi ke in ii Sengol India ke pahile pradhan mantri Jwaharlal ko ii diya gaya raha aur kai saal [[Pryagraj]] me ek museum me rakhe raha. [[file:Sengol Photo Andhra Patrika Telugu.jpg|thumb|Andhra Patrika was one of the erstwhile Telugu newspapers that played major role in Indian independence movement. On 17th August 1947, a photo of 'Sengol' being presented to Nehru by a Tamil Saiva Math was published in that paper.]] == Banaavat (Design) == Sengol ek sone kee parat chadha hua raajadand hae, jisakee lambaee lagabhag 5 pheet aur 2 inch motee hotee hae, jisamen chaandee ka kor hota hae, aur sengol banaane ke lie kul 800 graam sone ka istemaal kiya gaya tha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Parliament: What Is The Significance Of Sengol In Rs 20,000 Crore-Worth Central Vista Project? |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/business/new-parliament-what-is-the-significance-of-sengol-in-rs-20-000-crore-worth-central-vista-project--news-289354}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-25 |title=Jeweller had charged Centre Rs 15,000 in 1947 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/jeweller-had-charged-centre-rs-15000-in-1947/articleshow/100487698.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> ise jatil dijainon se sajaaya gaya hae aur sheersh par nandee kee nakkaashee kee gaee hae. nandee hindoo dharm mein ek pavitr pashu hae aur bhagavaan [[shiv]] ka parvat hae. ise [[dharm]] ke prateek ke roop mein dekha jaata hae, jise puraanon mein ek bail ke roop mein vyakt kiya gaya hae.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-24 |title=New Parliament building opening {{!}} How a letter to PMO set off a search for the Sengol |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-parliament-building-opening-how-a-letter-to-pmo-set-off-search-for-the-sengol/article66889495.ece |access-date=2023-05-25 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2023-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524181219/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-parliament-building-opening-how-a-letter-to-pmo-set-off-search-for-the-sengol/article66889495.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=அகஸ்டஸ் |date=2023-05-25 |title=நாடாளுமன்றத்தில் செங்கோல்; இதற்கும் சோழர்களுக்கும் என்ன தொடர்பு? - தரவுகளுடன் விரிவான அலசல் |url=https://www.vikatan.com/government-and-politics/story-about-historic-sengol-to-be-installed-in-new-parliament-building |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=www.vikatan.com |language=ta}}</ref> == Itihaas (History) == Lokapriy pustak "Freedom at Midnight" mein, lekhakon ne ullekh kiya hae ki svatantrata divas kee poorv sandhya par, do hindoo sannyaasee ek praacheen parampara ka paalan karate hue pradhaanamantree neharoo ko svarn raajadand, sengol saumpane aae the, jisamen hindoo santon ne bhaarat ke raaja apanee shakti ke prateekon ke saath.<ref>{{citation |last1=Collins |first1=Larry|last2=Lapierre |first2=Dominique |title= Freedom at Midnight |year=1997 |page=230 |quote=As once Hindu holy men had conferred upon ancient India's kings their symbols of power, so sannyasin had come to York Road to bestow their antique emblems of authority on the man about to assume the leadership of a modern Indian nation. They sprinkled Jawaharlal Nehru with holy water, smeared his forehead with sacred ash, laid their sceptre on his arms.}}</ref> ==References== <references/> ==Ii bhi dekho== * [[Narendra Modi]] ==Bahaari jorr== [[vibhag:India ke politics]] 7r8fkogvv5icqazn655qp68zn17yknz 0 61344 335430 322585 2026-05-16T06:49:32Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 335430 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pawn Stars''', [[America]] ke ek reality TV show hae jiske Leftfield Pictures banae hae. Iske [[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]] me film karaa jaae hae, jahaan pe ii World Famous Gold and Silver Pawn Shop ke len-den ke dekhae hae. Ii ek 24-hour business hae jon 1989 me suruu karaa gais rahaa.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachHis/1f4e1558-d003-4a36-97d6-075a036e8825.pdf |title=Outcome of Board Meeting – Financial Results for the quarter and nine months ended 31 December 2021 |publisher=bseindia }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222175105/https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachHis/1f4e1558-d003-4a36-97d6-075a036e8825.pdf |date=22 December 2024 }}</ref> Ii series network ke duusra sab se jaada rated show hae<ref name="CNNMoney">{{Cite web |last=Childers |first=Linda |date=2011-07-06 |title=Rick Harrison of 'Pawn Stars' spills success secrets |url=https://money.cnn.com/2011/07/06/smallbusiness/rick_harrison/ |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=CNNMoney |archive-date=2020-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112021314/https://money.cnn.com/2011/07/06/smallbusiness/rick_harrison/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lasvegassun.com/news/2010/feb/26/corey-harrison/ |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=lasvegassun.com |title=Corey Harrison}}</ref> aur TV ke duusra sab se jaada dekhe waala show hae. {{stub}} [[vibhag:P]] [[vibhag:United States of America]] 51jj0v69pydmxr1xuie5310dx34glws