Wikipedia hifwiki https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahila_Panna MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter saadhan khaas baat sadasya sadasya ke baat Wikipedia Wikipedia baat file file ke baat MediaWiki MediaWiki ke baat Template Template ke baat madat madat ke baat vibhag voibhag ke baat TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3115 335777 327531 2026-06-09T07:51:07Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 335777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country| fullcountryname= Republic of Singapore.<br /> Republik Singapura<br /> 新加坡共和国<br /> சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு'' | image_flag= Flag of Singapore.svg | image_coa= Coat of arms of Singapore.svg | image_location= LocationSingapore.png | nationalmotto= Majulah Singapura<br />(English: "Onward, Singapore") | nationalsong= Majulah Singapura | nationalflower= Vanda Miss Joaquim orchid | nationalanimal= Lion | nationallanguage= Malay | officiallanguages= [[Malay bhasa|Malay]], [[English bhasa|English]], [[Chinese bhasa|Mandarin Chinese]], [[Tamil bhasa|Tamil]] | abaaditotal= 4,483,900 (2006) | abaadirank= 117 | abaadidensity= 6,389 | countrycapital= Singapore | countrylargestcity= Singapore | areatotal= 704.0 | arearank= 188 | areawater= n/a | areawaterpercent= 1.444 | establishedin= [[31 August]] [[1963]] | leadertitlename= President: Sellapan Ramanathan<br /> Prime Minister: Lee Hsien Loong | currency= Singapore Dollar (SGD) | utcoffset= +8 | dialingcode= 65 | internettld= .sg }} [[file:Saint Andrew's Cathedral, Singapore 2.JPG|thumb|250px|left]] '''Republic of Singapore''' nai to '''Singapore''', [[Asia]] [[continent]] ke [[Malaysia|Malay peninsula]] ke ek [[des]] hae. Singapore [[equator]] ke north me hae. Iske parrosi des [[Malaysia]] aur [[Indonesia]] hae. 4.48 million log Singapore me rahe hae jisme se 76% [[Chinese]] hae. [[Sanskrit]] me, "Singapore" ke matlab "[[Lion]] city" hae. Iske national [[bhasa]] [[Malay bhasa|Malay]] hae lekin aur official [[bhasa]] hae [[English bhasa|English]], [[Mandarin]] aur [[Tamil]]. == Etymology == English bhasa waala naam, Singapore, Malay sabd ''Singapura'', "Lion-city" se aais hae, lekin ii hoe sake hae ki ii naam ke suruwaat isse bahut pahile ke hae.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/46/S0424600.html |title=Singapore|publisher=bartleby.com |accessdate=14 April 2006}}</ref> ''Pura'', [[Tamil bhasa|Tamil]] ''Puram'' (புரம்) se aais hae jiske matlab city nai to metropolis hae.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/search3advanced?dbname=tamillex&query=%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D&matchtype=exact&display=utf8|title=Puram|publisher=dsal.uchicago.edu|accesdate=18 March 2006}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ''Singa-'', Tamil ''Singam'' (சிங்கம்)se aae hae , jiske matlab ser hae.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/search3advanced?dbname=tamillex&query=%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D&matchtype=exact&display=utf8|title=Singam|publisher=dsal.uchicago.edu|accesdate=18 March 2006}}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Aajkal ii city-state ke '''Lion City''' ke naam se jaana jaawe hae. Ii baat sach hae ki Singapore me kabhi ser nai rahin. [[Asiatic lion]] bhi kabhi hian pe nai rahin jiske [[Sang Nila Utama]] batais ki uu huan pe dekhis rahaa. Ii hoe sake hae ki uu hian pe tiger ke dekhis rahaa. <ref>{{cite web |title=Studying In Singapore |publisher=Search Singapore Pte Ltd |url=http://www.schools.com.sg/articles/aboutSingapore.asp |accessdate=14 April 2006 |archive-date=21 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521152116/http://www.schools.com.sg/articles/aboutSingapore.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sang Nila Utama |publisher=24hr Art |url=http://www.24hrart.org.au/pdf%27s/Utama_Every.pdf |accessdate=14 April 2006 |format=PDF |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819110624/http://www.24hrart.org.au/pdf%27s/Utama_Every.pdf |archivedate=19 August 2006 }}</ref> "Singapore" naam duuno city aur des ke dewa jaawe hae, jon ki ekke chij hae. ==Itihaas== ===Puraana Singapore=== [[1299]] me [[Sang Nila Utama]], Kingdom of Singapore ke suruu karis rahaa.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J9JAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA43 |title=Malay Annals |page=43 |author=<!--unknown; old historical document-->|translator-last=Leyden|translator-first=John |date=1821}}</ref> 14th century me Singapore, jiske uu time temasek ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa, ek trading post rahaa, jisme duuno Majapahit aur Ayutthaya Empire ke influence ke niche, aur Indosphere ke hissa rahaa.<ref name=Dixon>{{cite book |last1=Dixon |first1=Robert M.W. |last2=Alexandra |first2=Y. |year=2004 |title=Adjective Classes: A Cross-linguistic Typology |url=https://archive.org/details/adjectiveclasses00dixo_002|url-access=limited |page=[https://archive.org/details/adjectiveclasses00dixo_002/page/n96 74] |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-920346-6}}</ref><ref name=Matisoff1990>{{Citation |last=Matisoff |first=James|author-link=James Matisoff |title=On Megalocomparison |journal=Language |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=106–120 |year=1990 |doi=10.2307/415281 |jstor=415281}}</ref><ref name=Enfield>{{Citation |last=Enfield |first=N.J. |title=Areal Linguistics and Mainland Southeast Asia |journal=Annual Review of Anthropology |volume=34 |pages=181–206 |year=2005 |doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120406 |url=http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:57458/component/escidoc:57459/Enfield_2005_areal.pdf |hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-0013-167B-C|hdl-access=free|access-date=5 August 2018|archive-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816071246/http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:57458/component/escidoc:57459/Enfield_2005_areal.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="academia edu">{{cite journal |url=https://www.academia.edu/2635407 |title=As in Heaven, So on Earth: The Politics of Visnu Siva and Harihara Images in Preangkorian Khmer Civilisation |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=21–39 |publisher=Academia|access-date=23 December 2015 |last1=Lavy |first1=Paul A. |year=2003 |doi=10.1017/S002246340300002X |s2cid=154819912|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812222402/https://www.academia.edu/2635407|url-status=live |issn=0022-4634}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/people/faculty/stark/pdfs/AP1999%20article.pdf |title=Results of the 1995–1996 Archaeological Field Investigations at Angkor Borei, Cambodia |publisher=University of Hawai'i-Manoa|access-date=5 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172419/http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/People/Faculty/Stark/pdfs/AP1999%20article.pdf|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref> Ii kingdom, jisme [[India]] ke influence rahaa, resilience, political intergrity aur administratibe stability ke khaatir jaana jaawat rahaa.<ref>Pierre-Yves Manguin, "From Funan to Sriwijaya: Cultural continuities and discontinuities in the Early Historical maritime states of Southeast Asia", in ''25 tahun kerjasama Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi dan Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient,'' Jakarta, Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi / EFEO, 2002, p. 59–82.</ref> 14th century ke khalaas hoe talak, hian ke ruler, [[Parameswara (king)|Parameswara]], ke ii ilaaka ke duusra raja attack karis aur Parameswara, Singapore chhorr ke [[Malacca]] me jaae ke bas gais. Singapore ke khaas settlement, Fort Canning Hill ke band kar dewa gais, lekin hian pe chhota taur pe trading chalte rahaa. 1613 me Portuguese log ii settlement ke aagi lagae ke barbaad kar diin aur aglaa 200 saal talak iske baare me kuchh nai maluum hae.<ref name="Borschbergp157-158">{{cite book |last=Borschberg |first=P. |title=The Singapore and Melaka Straits. Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the 17th century |publisher=NUS Press |year=2010 |location=Singapore |pages=157–158 |isbn=978-9971-69-464-7}}</ref> Ii time Singapore Johor Sultanate ke niche rahaa.<ref name="country studies">{{cite web |url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/3.htm |title=Country Studies: Singapore: History |publisher=U.S. Library of Congress|access-date=1 May 2007|archive-date=23 September 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923070753/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/3.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> 1641 ke baad, Singapore ke aas-paas ke ilaaka ke trade Dutch ke niche rahaa.<ref name=uslcFοunding>{{cite book|editor-last=Leitch Lepoer|editor-first=Barbara |title=Singapore: A Country Study |url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/|access-date=18 February 2010 |series=Country Studies |year=1989 |publisher=GPO for tus/singapore/4.htm|archive-date=15 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015211019/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Britain ke niche=== [[File:Letter from William Farquhar to Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam, the Sultan of Brunei, dated 28 November 1819.jpg|thumb|301x301px|Jon chitthi William Farquhar, Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam ke lage, 28 November 1819 me likhis rahaa. Pahila line me, Farquhar ii batae hae ki Sultan Hussein Shah aur Temenggong Abdul Rahman, [[East India Company|British East India Company]] ke, 6 February 1819 me, Singapore me ek [[Factory (trading post)|factory]] banae ke ijaajat diis rahaa.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nicholl |first1=Robert |title=From Buckfast to Borneo: Essays Presented to Father Robert Nicholl on the 85th Anniversary of His Birth, 27 March 1995 |last2=King |first2=Victor T. |last3=Horton |first3=A. V. H. |publisher=University of Hull |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-85958-836-2 |location=Hull, England |pages=219 |chapter=Malay sources for the history of the Sultanate of Brunei in the early nineteenth century: some letters from the reign of Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam (Annabel Teh Gallop) |oclc=35366675 |access-date=24 April 2022 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/11507827 |archive-date=11 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000715/https://www.academia.edu/11507827 |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000715/https://www.academia.edu/11507827 |date=11 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_12398_f019r |title=Farquhar Letterbook (Add MS 12398) |year=1842 |pages=39–40 |language=ms |chapter=Ini kupia surat kepada Raja Barunai |trans-chapter=This is a copy of the letter to the Raja of Brunei |access-date=24 April 2022 |archive-date=24 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424173837/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_12398_f019r |url-status=live}}</ref>]] Britain ke governor, Singapore me 28 January 1819 me aais aur ii island ke ek nawaa port banae ke khaatir achchhaa jagha paais.<ref name="YongRao1995">{{cite book |author1=Mun Cheong Yong |author2=V. V. Bhanoji Rao |title=Singapore-India Relations: A Primer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdZo5Ui8oS4C&pg=PA3 |year=1995 |publisher=NUS Press |isbn=978-9971-69-195-0 |page=3|access-date=14 September 2019|archive-date=11 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000734/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdZo5Ui8oS4C&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> Ii island pe [[Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah of Johor|Tengku Abdul Rahman]], [[Sultan of Johor]], raaj karat rahaa, jiske [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] control karat rahin.<ref name="Trocki2009">{{cite book |last=Trocki |first=Carl A. |title=Singapore: Wealth, Power and the Culture of Control |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vA-CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73 |year=2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-50243-1 |page=73|access-date=14 September 2019|archive-date=11 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000706/https://books.google.com/books?id=vA-CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> Hian ke sultan bahut kamjor rahaa kaaheki uske darbar ke kuchh khaas log sultan ke bhaiyaa ke loyal rahin. British log sultan ke bhiyaa ke raj gaddi pe baithaae diin jiske badle me British pe huan pe ek trading post ke banae ke ijaajat milaa. <ref name="uslcFounding">{{cite web |title=Singapore – Founding and Early Years |url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/4.htm |publisher=[[U.S. Library of Congress]]|access-date=18 July 2006|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117143728/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/4.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Treaty of Singapore ke 6 February 1819 me sign karaa gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite web |title=1819 – The February Documents |publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Singapore)|Ministry of Defence]] |date=7 February 1997|access-date=18 July 2006 |last=Ng |first=Jenny |url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/overview/the_early_years/v01n02b_history.html|archive-date=17 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717065310/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/overview/the_early_years/v01n02b_history.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Milestones in Singapore's Legal History |publisher=[[Supreme Court, Singapore]]|access-date=18 July 2006 |url=http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=39|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183512/http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=39|archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> [[File:Part of Singapore Island (British Library India Office Records, 1825, detail).jpg|thumb|left|1825 survey map. Singapore's [[free port]] trade was at [[Singapore River]] for 150 years. [[Fort Canning]] hill (centre) was home to its ancient and early colonial rulers.]] 1824 me, Sultan ke saathe ek aur treaty ke baad, puura island, [[British Empire]] ke niche hoe gais.<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore">{{cite web |title=Founding of Modern Singapore |url=http://app.www.sg/who/32/Founding-of-Modern-Singapore.aspx |publisher=[[Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts]]|access-date=13 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508135636/http://app.www.sg/who/32/Founding-of-Modern-Singapore.aspx|archive-date=8 May 2009}}</ref> 1826 me, Singapore, [[Straits Settlements]] ke ek hissa banaa, jon [[British India]] ke niche rahaa. 1836 me Singapore regional capital banaa rahaa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=17 |title=East & South-East Asia Titles: Straits Settlements Annual Reports (Singapore, Penang, Malacca, Labuan) 1855–1941 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|access-date=31 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609014003/http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=17|archive-date=9 June 2012}}</ref> Raffles ke aae se pahile, ii island me khaali lagbhag ek hajaar log rahat rahin, jaada kar ke indigenous [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]] aur kuchh f [[Overseas Chinese|Chinese]].<ref name="The Malays">{{cite web |title=The Malays |url=http://yesterday.sg/discover-more/communities-festivals/communities/the-malays/ |publisher=National Heritage Board 2011|access-date=28 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223000344/http://yesterday.sg/discover-more/communities-festivals/communities/the-malays/|archive-date=23 February 2011}}</ref> 1860 talak hian ke abaadi 80,000 hoe gais rahaa, jisme se aadha se jaada [[Chinese Singaporeans|Chinese]] rahin.<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore" /> Pahile ke immigrants pepper aur [[Uncaria gambir|gambier]] plantations me kaam kare ke khaatir aae rahin.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023134368#page/n227/mode/2up|editor1-last=Wright|editor1-first=Arnold|editor2-last=Cartwright|editor2-first=H.A. |last=Sanderson |first=Reginald |date=1907 |title=Twentieth century impressions of British Malaya: its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources |pages=220–221}}</ref> 1867 me, Straits Settlements ke [[British India]] se alag kar ke , sidhe [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]] ke niche kar dewa gais rahaa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/372a4e72-9f1b-4eb4-9ec6-58cad02000f0 |title=Singapore attains crown colony status – Singapore History |website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg|access-date=3 April 2021|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414171544/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/372a4e72-9f1b-4eb4-9ec6-58cad02000f0|url-status=live}}</ref> Baad me, 1890s me, [[Singapore in Malaysia|Malaya]] aur Singapore me rubber industry suruu bhais rahaa ,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/a8ceea4c-1c8b-4c9a-885c-b85038b39e4c |title=First Rubber Trees are Planted in Singapore – 1877 |website=History SG |publisher=National Library Board Singapore|access-date=8 February 2017|archive-date=14 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614122517/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/a8ceea4c-1c8b-4c9a-885c-b85038b39e4c|url-status=live}}</ref> aur ii island dunia ke rubber sorting aur export ke centre hoe gais rahaa.<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore" /> [[File:Singapore 1865 SLNSW FL15083916.jpg|thumb|Panorama of Singapore at sunrise, 1865, lithograph by Vincent Brooks.]] [[First World War]] (1914–18) ke koi khaas asar Singapore pe nai rahaa, lekin 1915 me British garrison ke [[Muslim]] siphaahi log mutiny kar diin rahaa<ref name=Brill1>{{cite book |title=The Indian Army in the Two World Wars |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cON5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17 |date=14 October 2011 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-21145-2 |pages=17–18|access-date=14 September 2019|archive-date=11 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000843/https://books.google.com/books?id=cON5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>, jab uu logan sochin ki uu logan ke [[Ottoman Empire]] ke virod me larre ke bhejaa jaai, jon ek Muslim state rahaa. Ii sipaahi log aapan officer log ke maar diin lekin baad me non-Muslim sipaahi se mutin ke khalaas karaa gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_570_2005-01-24.html |title=1915 Singapore Mutiny |website=National Library Board |publisher=National Library Board Singapore|access-date=26 August 2019|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225200105/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_570_2005-01-24.html|url-status=live}}</ref> World War I ke baad British hian pe ek barraa naval base kae banae rahin.<ref name="Stille2016">{{cite book |last=Stille |first=Mark |title=Malaya and Singapore 1941–42: The fall of Britain's empire in the East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gHe9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |year=2016 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4728-1124-0 |pages=5–6|access-date=14 September 2019|archive-date=11 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000710/https://books.google.com/books?id=gHe9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> Iske 1938 me banae ke khalaas karaa gais rahaa aur isme [[dunia]] ke sab se barraa dry dock, tiisra sab se barraa floating dock aur etna fuel ke store karaa gais rahaa ki ii puuraa British Navy ke 6 mahina talak supple kare sakat rahaa.<ref name="Tan2008">{{cite book |last=Tan |first=Kevin |title=Marshall of Singapore: A Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH88kpvyrdYC&pg=PA90 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-878-8 |pages=90–}}</ref><ref name="Hobbs2017">{{cite book |last=Hobbs |first=David |title=The British Pacific Fleet: The Royal Navy's Most Powerful Strike Force |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVEgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |year=2017 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-917-3 |page=5 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-date=11 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211001300/https://books.google.com/books?id=FVEgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Ii base ke {{convert|15|in|mm|adj=on}} naval guns se defended rahaa, lekin hian pe station kare ke khaatir Britain ke lage paisa nai rahaa. [[World War II]] me [[Japan]] iske occupy kar liis rahaa.<ref name="LambTarling2001">{{cite book |last1=Lamb |first1=Margaret |last2=Tarling |first2=Nicholas |title=From Versailles to Pearl Harbor: The Origins of the Second World War in Europe and Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4izcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818180438/https://books.google.com/books?id=4izcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 August 2020 |date=2001 |publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education |isbn=978-1-4039-3772-8 |page=39}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH88kpvyrdYC&pg=PA90 |title=Marshall of Singapore: A Biography |last=Tan |first=Kevin |isbn=978-981-230-878-8 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies}}</ref> ===Japan ke niche=== [[File:Evacuation of British POWs, Kallang Airport, Singapore - 19450908.jpg|thumb|right|British ke 1945 me nikaala jaae hae, [[Japanese surrender]] ke baad. [[Kallang Airport]] ke control tower, jon city ke lage hae, ke bachae ke rakkhaa gais hae.]] [[Pacific War]] ke time, Japan ke [[Malayan campaign|invasion of Malaya]] ke aakhri larrai rahaa [[Battle of Singapore]]. Jab huan ke 60,000 siphaahi ke British force 15 February 1942 me surrender bhais, tab British prime minister Winston Churchill iske "the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history" batais.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_3529000/3529447.stm |title=On This Day&nbsp;– 15 February 1942: Singapore forced to surrender |access-date=1 May 2007 |publisher=BBC News |date=15 February 1942 |archive-date=19 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519174009/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_3529000/3529447.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> British aur Empire ke casualities ii larrai me rahaa 85,000 lag captured.{{sfn|Wigmore|1957|p=382}}, lagbhag 5,000 ke maara nai to ghaayal karaa gais,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore |title=Battle of Singapore |publisher=World History Group |access-date=8 May 2015 |archive-date=12 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512181020/http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore |url-status=live}}</ref> jisme se jaada [[Australians]] rahin.<ref>{{cite news |title=1,000 Aussie victims of WWII join suit against Japan |first=Teresa |last=Ooi |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] |location=Singapore |date=17 January 1995}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=South West Pacific War: Australia's Fine Record |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19460912-1.2.47?ST=1&AT=search&k=battle%20of%20singapore,%20world%20war%20ii,%20australians&QT=battle,of,singapore,world,war,ii,australians&oref=article |newspaper=The Straits Times |location=Singapore |date=12 September 1946 |access-date=22 October 2019 |archive-date=20 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220093327/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19460912-1.2.47?ST=1&AT=search&k=battle%20of%20singapore,%20world%20war%20ii,%20australians&QT=battle,of,singapore,world,war,ii,australians&oref=article |url-status=live}}</ref> Japanese casualties ii larrai me rahaa 1,714 maraa aur 3,378 ghaayal.{{sfn|Wigmore|1957|p=382}} Ii occupation dher des ke itihaas me khaas chij rahaa, jisme [[Japan]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]], aur Singapore hae. Japanese akhbaar iske larrai ke khaas point batae rahin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Japanese Occupation newspaper in library portal |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/japanese-occupation-newspaper-in-library-portal |newspaper=The Straits Times |location=Singapore |first=Melody |last=Zaccheus |date=21 January 2017 |access-date=22 October 2019 |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819024819/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/japanese-occupation-newspaper-in-library-portal |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819024819/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/japanese-occupation-newspaper-in-library-portal |date=19 August 2022 }}</ref> 5,000 se 25,000 talak ethnic Chinese log ke [[Sook Ching massacre]] me maara gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0027) |title=Singapore, Shonan: Light of the South |last=Leitch Lepoer |first=Barbara |year=1989 |website=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] |publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office|Government Printing Office]] |access-date=29 January 2011 |location=Washington, DC |archive-date=29 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629230435/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0027) |url-status=live}}</ref> British forces island ke 1945/1946 me liberate kare ke plan kare rahin, lekin larrai isse pahile khalaas hoe gais rahaa.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |title=The real Japanese surrender |url=http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf |archive-url= https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080119210334/http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date=19 January 2008 |newspaper=The Sunday Times |location=Singapore |date=4 September 2005 |access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref> ===Larrai ke baad=== [[File:Map of Singapore City in 1951.png|thumb|right|Singapore Town ke 1951 ke chhaapa.]] 15 August 1945 me, [[Surrender of Japan|Japanese surrender]] ke baad, Singapore me dher luut-maar bhais. British, Australian, aur Indian siphaai jiske Lord [[Louis Mountbatten]] leader rahaa, Japan ke surrender ke accept karis. [[Tomoyuki Yamashita]] ke ek US military commission war crimes ke khaatir convict kar, lekin Malaya aur Singapore me uske siphaai ke atyachaar khaatir nai. Uske 23 February 1946 me faansi pe charrhae dewa gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yamashita Hanged |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/maltribune19460223-1.2.12 |work=Malaya Tribune |location=Singapore |date=23 February 1946 |access-date=22 October 2019 |archive-date=22 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022150250/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/maltribune19460223-1.2.12 |url-status=live}}</ref> Singapore ke dher infrastructure larrai me barbaad hoe gais rahaa. Khaana ke kamii ke kaaran malnutrition, bemaari, aur chri chandaali sab bagal rahaa. 1947 me ek harrtaal ke kaaran des me aur barbaadi bhais, Lekin 1947 talak island ke economy achchhaa hoe lagaa, jiske kaaran tin aur rubber ke dher demand rahaa.<ref name="uslcAftermathOfWar">{{cite web |title=Singapore – Aftermath of War |url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/9.htm |publisher=U.S. Library of Congress |access-date=16 May 2020 |archive-date=14 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514010408/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/9.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> [[British Military Administration (Malaya)|British Military Administration]] 1 April 1946 me khalaas bhais, aur Singapore ek alag [[Crown colony|Crown Colony]] banaa.<ref name="uslcAftermathOfWar" />July 1947 me, alag-alag Executive aur Legislative Councils ke banaawa gais rahaa aur agle saal Legislative Council ke chhe members ke election ke plan karaa gais rahaa.<ref name="micaSelfGovernment">{{cite web |title=Towards Self-government |url=http://www.sg/explore/history_towards.htm |publisher=Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts, Singapore |access-date=18 June 2006 |archive-date=13 July 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060713023113/http://www.sg/explore/history_towards.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[1950s]] me, [[Chinese Communist Party|Chinese communists]], jiske trade unions aur Chinese schools me influence rahaa, ek [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla war]] sarkar ke virod me suruu karis, jisse [[Malayan Emergency]] suruu bhais. Singapore me [[1954 National Service riots]], [[Hock Lee bus riots]], aur [[Chinese middle schools riots]] sab ii ghatna se linked rahaa<ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/12405/19.htm |title=Communism |website=Thinkquest|access-date=29 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000409182924/http://library.thinkquest.org/12405/19.htm|archive-date=9 April 2000}}</ref> [[David Marshall (Singaporean politician)|David Marshall]], jon [[Labour Front]] ke netaa rahaa aur ajaadi maangat rahaa, Singapore kepahila general election ke 1955 me jiitis rahaa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Low |first=James |date=2004 |title=Kept in Position: The Labour Front-Alliance Government of Chief Minister David Marshall in Singapore, April 1955 – June 1956 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20072556 |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=41–64 |doi=10.1017/S0022463404000037 |jstor=20072556 |s2cid=154326049 |issn=0022-4634|access-date=20 February 2021|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419081147/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20072556|url-status=live}}</ref> Uu ek delegation ke [[London]] lae gais, lekin Britain huske self-rule ke maang ke nai kar diis. Uu istefaa dae diis aur 1956 me [[Lim Yew Hock]] uske jagha liis, aur jir jaada negotiation ke baad Britain, 3 June 1959 me, Singapore ke internal [[Self-governance of Singapore|self-government]], defence aur foreign affairs ke chhorr ke aur sab maamle me diis rahaa. <ref name=countrystudies10>{{cite web |url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm |title=Country studies: Singapore: Road to Independence |publisher=U.S. Library of Congress|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-date=4 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704220519/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[1959 Singaporean general election|30 May 1959 election]], ke [[People's Action Party]] (PAP) landslide se jiitis rahaa.<ref name="yewnyt">{{cite news |title=Headliners; Retiring, Semi |date=2 December 1990 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE4DD123DF931A35751C1A966958260|access-date=27 December 2008|archive-date=18 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318035148/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE4DD123DF931A35751C1A966958260|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Governor of Singapore|Governor]] Sir [[William Allmond Codrington Goode]] pahila [[Yang di-Pertuan Negara]] (Head of State) rahaa.<ref name="Law">{{cite web |url=http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html |title=The Singapore Legal System |publisher=Singapore Academy of Law|access-date=26 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603225639/http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html|archive-date=3 June 2011}}</ref> === Malaysia me=== [[File:SingaporeRiver-bumboats-196009.jpg|thumb|left|Singapore, uske port ke kaaran dhani bhais. 1960s me bumboat ke kaam me laae ke cargo ke shore ke lage kharraa jahaaj aur Singapore Naddi ke biich me lae jaawa jaawat rahaa.]] PAP ke neta ii biswas karat rahin ki Singapore ke future Malaysia ke saathe hae, kaaheki duuno ke biich me gahiraa sambandh rahaa. Ii socha jaawat rahaa ki ek common market se Malaysia ke faeda hoi. Lekin PAP ke ek barraa faction Malaysia ke saathe rahe ke virod karat rahaa. Uu log ke party se nikal dewa gais aur ek duusra pary [[Barisan Sosialis]] ke banain.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lee |first=T. H |year=1996 |title=The Open United Front: The Communist Struggle in Singapore, 1954–1966 |publisher=Singapore: South Seas Society}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Bloodworth |first=D |year=1986 |title=The Tiger and the Trojan Horse |url=https://archive.org/details/tigertrojanhorse00bloo|url-access=registration |publisher=Singapore: Times Books International}}</ref> == References == <references/> == Duusra websites == * [http://app.www.sg/ Singapore Infomap] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605161912/http://app.www.sg/ |date=2010-06-05 }} [[vibhag:Asia]] [[vibhag:ASEAN ke member]] [[vibhag:Tamil bhasa waala des]] oe53azehjg9v3ctmkwedyjajva7shl3 0 3924 335775 335717 2026-06-09T01:16:07Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 335775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Architect |image=Frank Lloyd Wright LC-USZ62-36384.jpg |name=Frank Lloyd Wright |caption=Frank Lloyd Wright ke chapa 1926 me |Gender= Male |mother=Anna Lloyd Jones |father=William Russell Cary Wright |nationality= American |birth_date={{birth date|mf=yes|1867|6|8}} |birth_place= Richland Center, Wisconsin |death_date={{death date and age|mf=yes|1959|4|9|1867|6|8}} |death_place= Phoenix, Arizona |significant_buildings=Robie House<br />Fallingwater<br />Johnson Wax Building<br />Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum<br />Westcott House |significant_projects=Florida Southern College |awards= |}} '''Frank Lloyd Wright''' ([[8 June]] [[1867]] – [[9 April]] [[1959]]) early [[1900]]'s ke ek jaana maana [[architect]] rahaa. Uu dher rakam ke buildings, jisme banks, holiday resorts, office buildings, churches, ek [[synagogue]], ek [[gas station]], ek beer garden aur ek art museum rahaa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/flw/buildings/index.html |title=Frank Lloyd Wright . Life and Work |3=PBS |publisher=www.pbs.org |accessdate=2009-05-18 |last= |first= |archive-date=2009-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608005525/http://www.pbs.org/flw/buildings/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Uu American style ke building design ke suruu karis rahaa aur 20th century ke sab se barraa architect maana jaawe hae.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wrightplus.org/flw/flw.html |title=About Frank Lloyd Wright |publisher=www.wrightplus.org |accessdate=2009-05-18 |last= |first= |archive-date=2009-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403025924/http://www.wrightplus.org/flw/flw.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bachpan ke din == Frank Lloyd Wright ke janam ek kheti waala town, [[Richland Center, Wisconsin]], United States me, 1867 me, bhais rahaa. Suruu me uske naam Frank Lincoln Wright rahaa, lekin uu aapan mai-baap ke divorce ke baad me, aapan maiya ke palwaar ke honour kare ke khai, ii naam ke badal liis. Uske pitaji, William Carey Wright (1825–1904) ek locally admired orator, music teacher, occasional lawyer aur itinerant minister rahaa. William Wright, Anna Lloyd Jones (1838/39 – 1923), jon ki ek a county school teacher rahii, ke uu time milis jab uu [[Richland County, Wisconsin|Richland County]] me superitendent of school rahaa. William Wright, originally [[Massachusetts]] se aais rahaa, jahan pe uu ek [[Baptist]] minister rahaa lekin baad me uu aapan aurat ke palwaar ke [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] ke join kar liis. Anna ek barraa aur dhani Lloyd Jones family of Unitarians ke member rahii, jon ki [[Wales]] se Spring Green, Wisconsin immigrate bhae rahin. Anna ke ek bhaiyaa, [[Jenkin Lloyd Jones (minister)|Jenkin Lloyd Jones]], Unitarian faith in me Western United States me ek khaas admii rahaa. Wright family ke paisa ke tangais rahaa aur uu logan [[Spring Green, Wisconsin]] laur gain, jahan pe Lloyd Jones, William ke kaam paae ke khatir madat karis. Uu logan [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]] me settle hoe gain, jahan pe William music parhaat rahaa aur Unitarian society ke matri rahaa. Jab Wright 14 saal ke rahaa, tab uske mai-baap separate hoe gain, kaahe ki Anna aapan admi ke paisa kamae ke dikkat se khusi nai rahii. Ii divorce 1885 me finalise bhais jab William , Anna ke uppar lack of physical affection ke khatir mukadma kais. Iske baad William Wisconsin chorr ke chal diis aur Wright uske fir nai dekhis.<ref>''An Autobiography,'' by Frank Lloyd Wright, Duell, Sloan and Pearce, New York City, 1943, p. 51</ref> Ii time Wright ke middle name ke badal ke Lloyd se Lincoln kar dewa gais. == Kaam ke suchi == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Completed Works table |- ! Name !! City !! State/Country !! Designed || Built || Other Information || Image |- | [[Unity Chapel]]<ref>{{coord|43.1325444|-90.0614333|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Spring Green, Wisconsin|Spring Green]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1886 || 1886 || Collaboration with [[Joseph Lyman Silsbee]] || [[File:Unity Chapel.JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Hillside Home School I]] || [[Spring Green, Wisconsin|Spring Green]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1887 || 1887 || Collaboration with [[Joseph Lyman Silsbee]]<br />Demolished 1950 || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio|Frank Lloyd Wright Home]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1889 || 1889 || Playroom and kitchen addition 1895<br />Remodeled 1911<br />Restored 1974-1987 || [[File:Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio (west side zoom).JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[William Storrs MacHarg House]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1890 || 1891 || Remodeled 1903 by [[Louis Sullivan]]<br />Demolished 1926 || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Louis Sullivan Bungalow]] || [[Ocean Springs, Mississippi|Ocean Springs]] || [[Mississippi]] || 1890 || 1890 || Destroyed by [[Hurricane Katrina]] || |- | [[James A. Charnley Bungalow]] || [[Ocean Springs, Mississippi|Ocean Springs]] || [[Mississippi]] || 1890 || 1890 || Heavily damaged by [[Hurricane Katrina]] 2005 [http://www.franklloydwrightinfo.com/Katrina.html (Photographs)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026092426/http://www.franklloydwrightinfo.com/Katrina.html |date=2006-10-26 }}<br />Undergoing reconstruction 2009 [http://misspreservation.com/2009/09/02/katrina-survivors-charnley-houses/ (Photographs)] || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[James Charnley House|James A. Charnley House]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1891 || 1892 || Collaboration with [[Louis Sullivan]] || [[File:James Charnley Residence HABS ILL,16-CHIG,12-1.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Dr. Allison W. Harlan House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8146661|-87.599777|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1891 || 1892 || Destroyed by fire 1963 || |- | [[Warren McArthur House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8063254|-87.5939459|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1892 || 1892 || Remodeled 1900 || [[File:Warren McArthur House Front Elevation View.jpg|150px]] |- | [[George Blossom House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8061975|-87.5939539|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1892 || 1892 || Garage added 1907 || [[File:George Blossom House Corner View Through Trees.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Robert G. Emmond House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8120033|-87.8652245|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[La Grange, Illinois|La Grange]] || [[Illinois]] || 1892 || 1892 || || [[File:RGEmmondHouse.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Thomas H. Gale House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1892 || 1892 || || [[File:Oak Park Il Thomas Gale House2.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Robert P. Parker House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1892 || 1892 || || [[File:Oak Park Il Parker House1.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Albert Sullivan House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8114755|-87.5942838|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1892 || 1892 || Collaboration with [[Louis Sullivan]]<br />Demolished 1970 || [[File:Albert Sullivan House HABS.jpg|150px]] |- | [[W. Irving Clark House]]<ref>{{coord|41.810234|-87.8690332|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[La Grange, Illinois|La Grange]] || [[Illinois]] || 1892 || 1893 || || [[File:WIClarkHouse.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Walter Gale House|Walter H. Gale House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1893 || 1893 || || [[File:Oak Park Il Walter Gale House4.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Robert M. Lamp Cottage]]<br />(Rocky Roost)<ref>{{coord|43.1253016|-89.4035947|format=dms|type:landmark}} per {{cite web|title=Wright Studies: Robert M. Lamp Cottage, Rocky Roost, Lake Mendota, Wisc. (1893) (S.021) Remodel (1901)|url=http://www.steinerag.com/flw/Artifact%20Pages/PhRtS021.htm|work=The Wright Library|accessdate=8 September 2011}}</ref> || [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1893 || 1893 || Additions and alterations 1901<br />Destroyed by fire 1934 || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Lake Mendota Boathouse]]<ref>{{coord|43.0787939|-89.3917313|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1893 || 1893 || Demolished 1926 || |- | [[Francis J. Woolley House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1893 || 1893 || || [[File:Oak Park Il Woolley House2.jpg|150px]] |- | [[William H. Winslow House]] || [[River Forest, Illinois|River Forest]] || [[Illinois]] || 1893 || 1894 || || |- | [[Peter Goan House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8119893|-87.8658253|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[La Grange, Illinois|La Grange]] || [[Illinois]] || 1893 || 1894 || || |- | [[Roloson Houses|Robert W. Roloson Houses]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1894 || 1894 || || [[File:Robert W Roloson Houses (Adjusted).jpg|150px]] |- | [[Frederick Bagley House]]<ref>{{coord|41.801072|-87.9169375|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Hinsdale, Illinois|Hinsdale]] || [[Illinois]] || 1894 || 1894 || || |- style="background: #e9def2" | [[Henry and Lily Mitchell House]] || [[Racine, Wisconsin|Racine]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1894 || 1894 || May be the work of Cecil Corwin,<ref> {{Cite book | last = Hertzberg | first = Wright | title = Wright in Racine: The Architect's Vision for One American City | publisher = Pomegranate | year = 2004 | location = Korea | page = 84 | isbn = 0764928902 }}</ref> or a collaboration between Corwin and Wright<ref>{{Cite web | last = Storrer | first = William A.sizes/o/ | title = Henry and Lily Mitchell Residence in Racine, Wisconsin | work = FLlW Update | url = http://www.franklloydwrightinfo.com/mitchell.html | accessdate = 11 June 2010 | archive-date = 13 April 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100413061327/http://www.franklloydwrightinfo.com/mitchell.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Dr. H. W. Bassett House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8863843|-87.7946395|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1894 || 1894 || Remodel <br /> Demolished 1922 || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Francisco Terrace Apartments]]<ref>{{coord|41.8858631|-87.6986432|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1895 || 1895 || Demolished 1974<br />Facade reconstructed and relocated<ref>{{coord|41.8883611|-87.7911472|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> to [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]], [[Illinois|IL]] in 1977 || [[File:Francisco Terrace Entrance Arch.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Waller Apartments|Edward C. Waller Apartments]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1895 || 1895 || One unit destroyed by fire 1968 || [[File:Edward C Waller Apts East End.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Francis Apartments]]<ref>{{coord|41.8164922|-87.6130848|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1895 || 1895 || Demolished 1971 || [[File:Francis Apartments, cropped, (HABS ILL,16-CHIG,74-4).jpg|150px]] |- | [[Chauncey L. Williams House]] || [[River Forest, Illinois|River Forest]] || [[Illinois]] || 1895 || 1895 || || [[File:Chauncey L Williams House Front.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" {{Anchor|Nathan G. Moore House I}} | [[Nathan G. Moore House|Nathan G. Moore House I]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1895 || 1895 || Partially destroyed by fire 1922<br />Rebuilt and redesigned 1923 ''(see [[List of Frank Lloyd Wright works#Nathan Moore House II|Nathan Moore House II]])'' || [[File:Nathan G. Moore House I (East View).jpg|150px]] |- | [[Harrison P. Young House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1895 || 1895 || Remodel || [[File:Oak Park Il Young House2.jpg|150px]] |- | [[George W. Smith House (Oak Park, Illinois)|George W. Smith House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1895 || 1898 || || [[File:Oak Park Il Smith House1.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Romeo and Juliet Windmill]]<ref>{{coord|43.1358171|-90.073514|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Spring Green, Wisconsin|Spring Green]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1896 || 1896 || Rebuilt 1938 || [[File:Romeo and Juliet Windmill (Cropped).jpg|150px]] |- | [[Heller House|Isidore H. Heller House]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1896 || 1897 || || [[File:Isidore Heller House - East (front) and North elevations - HABS ILL,16-CHIG,48-1.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Harry C. Goodrich House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8957632|-87.7894112|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1896 || 1896 || || [[File:Harry C. Goodrich House 2.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Charles E. Roberts House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8923835|-87.7931173|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1896 || 1896 || Remodel || [[File:Charles E. Roberts House.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Charles E. Roberts Stable]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1896 || 1896 || Remodel<br />Converted to living quarters 1903-05<br />Moved to present location 1929 || [[File:Oak Park Il Roberts Stable5.jpg|150px]] |- | [[George Furbeck House|George W. Furbeck House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1897 || 1897-98 || || [[File:Oak Park Il G Furbeck House3.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Rollin Furbeck House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8951268|-87.7884758|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1897 || 1897 || Remodeled 1907 || [[File:Rollin Furbeck House Front.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Thomas H. Gale Cottage]] || [[Whitehall, Michigan|Whitehall]] || [[Michigan]] || 1897 || || || [[File:Thomas H. Gale Cottage.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[River Forest Golf Club]]<ref>{{coord|41.8892996|-87.8056848|format=dms|type:landmark}} (precise location in this block surrounded by Bonnie Brae, Quick, Harlem, and Lake uncertain)</ref> || [[River Forest, Illinois|River Forest]] || [[Illinois]] || 1898 || || Demolished || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio|Frank Lloyd Wright Home (studio addition)]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1897 || 1898 || Interior and exterior modifications 1905<br />Remodeled 1911<br />Restored 1982-1987 || [[File:Frank LLoyd Wright Studio Chicago Frontage.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Joseph and Helen Husser House]]<ref>{{coord|41.958784|-87.6484215|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1899 || || Demolished 1926 || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Edward C. Waller House]] || [[River Forest, Illinois|River Forest]] || [[Illinois]] || 1899 || || Remodel <br /> Demolished 1939 || |- | [[William and Jessie M. Adams House]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1900 || 1900-01 || || [[File:William M Adams House Front.jpg|150px]] |- | [[S. A. Foster House and Stable]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1900 || 1900 || || [[File:Stephen A. Foster House and Stable.jpg|150px]] |- | [[B. Harley Bradley House]] <br /> (Glenlloyd)<ref>{{coord|41.1119434|-87.861515|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Kankakee, Illinois|Kankakee]] || [[Illinois]] || 1900 || || || |- | [[Warren Hickox House]] || [[Kankakee, Illinois|Kankakee]] || [[Illinois]] || 1900 || 1900 || || |- | [[E.H. Pitkin Cottage]] || Sapper Island,<ref>{{coord|46.3155616|-83.9588499|format=dms|type:landmark}}(precise location on island uncertain)</ref> [[Desbarats, Ontario|Desbarats]], [[Ontario]] || [[Canada]] || 1900 || || || |- | [[Henry Wallis Cottage]] || [[Delavan, Wisconsin|Delavan]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1900 || || || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Edward C. Waller Gates, Poultry House, and Stables]] || [[River Forest, Illinois|River Forest]] || [[Illinois]] || 1901 || || Poultry House demolished 1939<br />Stables demolished early 1970s<br />Gate posts and fence reused as entrance to a modern subdivision || [[File:Edward C Waller Gates (Cropped).jpg|150px]] |- | [[Fred B. Jones House]] <br /> (Penwern) || [[Delavan, Wisconsin|Delavan]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1901 || 1902 || || |- | [[Willits House|Ward Winfield Willits House]] || [[Highland Park, Illinois|Highland Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1901 || || || [[File:Willits House.jpg|150px|]] |- | [[F.B. Henderson House|F. B. Henderson House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8921359|-87.9380505|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Elmhurst, Illinois|Elmhurst]] || [[Illinois]] || 1901 || 1901 || || [[File:Frank B. Henderson House (Elmhurst, Illinois) 01.JPG|150px]] |- | [[William G. Fricke House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8961979|-87.7877355|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1901 || || || [[File:William G Fricke House Iowa Street View.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Buffalo Exposition Pavilion for the Universal Portland Cement Company]]<ref>{{coord|42.9360036|-78.8714504|format=dms|type:landmark}} (fairground, precise location within fairground uncertain)</ref> || [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] || [[New York]] || 1901 || 1901 || Temporary structure<br />Demolished || |- | [[Frank Thomas House|Frank W. Thomas House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1901 || 1901 || || [[File:Oak Park Il Thomas House4.jpg|150px]] |- | [[E. Arthur Davenport House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8904327|-87.8159342|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[River Forest, Illinois|River Forest]] || [[Illinois]] || 1901 || || || [[File:E Arthur Davenport House Front.jpg|150px]] |- | [[William E. Martin House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8977068|-87.78944|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1902 || || || [[File:William E Martin House Front.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Lake Delavan Yacht Club]]<ref>{{coord|42.5999457|-88.5995972|format=dms|type:landmark}}<!-- Per historic map --></ref> || [[Delavan, Wisconsin|Delavan]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1902 || || || |- | [[Hillside Home School II]] || [[Spring Green, Wisconsin|Spring Green]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1902 || || || [[File:Taliesin600.jpg|150px|]] |- | [[Francis W. Little House I]]<ref>{{coord|40.693207|-89.616215|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Peoria, Illinois|Peoria]] || [[Illinois]] || 1902 || 1902 || Stable added 1909 || [[File:Francis W Little House I (Modified).jpg|150px|]] |- | [[Arthur Heurtley House|Arthur B. Heurtley House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1902 || 1902 || || [[File:Oak Park Il Heurtley House4.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Arthur B. Heurtley Summer House]] || [[Marquette Island]] || [[Michigan]] || 1902 || 1902 || Remodel || |- | [[Mrs. George Gerts Double House, Bridge Cottage]] || [[Whitehall, Michigan|Whitehall]] || [[Michigan]] || 1902 || || || [[File:Mrs. George Gerts Double House, Bridge Cottage.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Dana-Thomas House]] || [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]] || [[Illinois]] || 1902 || 1902-04 || || [[File:Dana Thomas Windows.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Walter Gertz Bridge Cottage]] || [[Whitehall, Michigan|Whitehall]] || [[Michigan]] || 1902 || || || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Alfred W. Hebert House]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1902 || || Remodel <br /> Partially destroyed by fire 1959; all Wright elements were removed in reconstruction|| |- | [[George W. Spencer House]] || [[Delavan, Wisconsin|Delavan]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1902 || || || |- | [[Charles S. Ross House]] || [[Delavan, Wisconsin|Delavan]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1902 || || || |- style="background: #e9def2" | [[Mosher House|John A. Mosher House]] || [[Wellington, Ohio|Wellington]] || [[Ohio]] || 1902 || 1903-04 || Original unbuilt house designed for Mosher in [[Willmette, Illinois|Willmette]], Illinois. No drawings exist at Taliesin for this house as built.<ref>{{Citation | last = Pfieffer | first = Bruce Brooks | last2 = Futagawa | first2 = Yuko | title = Frank Lloyd Wright Monograph 1902-1906 | place = Tokyo | publisher = A.D.A. Edita | year = 1989 | volume = 2 | page = 64 | url = http://www.savewright.org/wright_chat/viewtopic.php?t=3184&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=15&sid=96bab247ca5374c7298ac25f167b33d3 | isbn = 487140515X | access-date = 2012-02-28 | archive-date = 2011-07-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719231851/http://www.savewright.org/wright_chat/viewtopic.php?t=3184&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=15&sid=96bab247ca5374c7298ac25f167b33d3 | url-status = dead }}</ref> It is also not included in several complete lists of Wright works.<ref>Sources where structure is not listed include:<br /> {{Cite book | last = Clayton | first = Marie | title = Frank Lloyd Wright Field Guide | publisher = Running Press | year = 2002 | location = Philadelphia | isbn = 0-7624-1324-7}}<br /> {{Cite book | last = Thomson | first = Iain | title = Frank Lloyd Wright: A Visual Encyclopedia | publisher = PRC Publishing Ltd | year = 2002 | location = London | isbn = 1-85648-533-1}}<br /> {{Cite web | title = Chronology of Selected Events in Frank Lloyd Wright's Life | work = Wright's Life + Work | publisher = Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation | year = 2010 | url = http://www.franklloydwright.org/fllwf_web_091104/Chronology.html | accessdate = 10 June 2010 }}</ref> || [[File:John A. Mosher House, April 2011.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[George Barton House|George F. Barton House]] || [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] || [[New York]] || 1902 || 1903-04 || || [[File:Frank Lloyd Wright - Barton House.jpg|150px]] |- | [[J. J. Walser, Jr. Residence|Joseph J. Walser, Jr. House]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1903 || || || [[File:Joseph J Walser Jr House 2.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Horse Show Fountain]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1903 || 1909 || Rebuilt 1969 || [[File:Oak Park Il Horse Show Fountain2.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Abraham Lincoln Center]]<ref>{{coord|41.8229277|-87.6093739|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1903 || || Design completed by [[Dwight Perkins]] || [[File:Abraham Lincoln Center from Corner.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Robert M. Lamp House]] || [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1903 || 1903 || || [[File:Robert M. Lamp House.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Darwin D. Martin House|Darwin D. Martin Carriage House, Conservatory, and Pergola]] || [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] || [[New York]] || 1903 || 1903-05 || Demolished 1962<br />Reconstructed 2004-2007 || [[File:Darwin Martin Carriage House and Conservatory.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Darwin D. Martin House]] || [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] || [[New York]] || 1903 || 1904-05 || Restored 2004-2010 || [[File:Darwin Martin House Front Zoom.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Edwin H. Cheney House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1903 || || || [[File:2010-04-10 3000x2000 oakpark edwin h cheney house.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Larkin Administration Building]] || [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] || [[New York]] || 1904 || || Demolished 1950 || [[File:LarkinAdministrationBuilding1906.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Unity Temple]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1904 || 1905-08 || || [[File:UnityTempleOakHill.jpg|150px|]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Westcott House (Springfield, Ohio)|Burton J. Westcott House]] || [[Springfield, Ohio|Springfield]] || [[Ohio]] || 1904 || 1908 || || [[File:Westcott house.jpg|150px]] |- | [[William R. Heath House]] || [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] || [[New York]] || 1904 || 1904-05 || || [[File:2. PLATE ^78, MAIN ELEVATION, VIEW FROM ROADWAY - W. R. Heath House, 76 Soldiers Place, Buffalo, Erie County, NY - LOC - hhh.ny0914.photos.116293p.jpg|150px|]] |- | [[F. F. Tomek House|Ferdinand F. Tomek House]] <br /> (The Ship House) || [[Riverside, Illinois|Riverside]] || [[Illinois]] || 1904 || 1904-06 || || [[File:TomekHouse.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Harvey P. Sutton House]] || [[McCook, Nebraska|McCook]] || [[Nebraska]] || 1905 || 1905 || || [[File:Sutton House (McCook, Nebraska) from SE 2.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Hiram Baldwin House]] || [[Kenilworth, Illinois|Kenilworth]] || [[Illinois]] || 1905 || 1905 || || [[File:Hiram Baldwin House.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Mary W. Adams House]] || [[Highland Park, Illinois|Highland Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1905 || 1905 || || |- | [[William A. Glasner House]] || [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]] || [[Illinois]] || 1905 || 1905 || || |- | [[Charles A. Brown House]]<ref>{{coord|42.0630609|-87.7077091|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Evanston, Illinois|Evanston]] || [[Illinois]] || 1905 || || || [[File:Charles A Brown House Front Zoom.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Frank L. Smith Bank]] || [[Dwight, Illinois|Dwight]] || [[Illinois]] || 1905 || 1905 || || [[File:Frank L. Smith Bank1.JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[E. W. Cummings Real Estate Office]] || [[River Forest, Illinois|River Forest]] || [[Illinois]] || 1905 || || Demolished 1925 || |- | [[E-Z Polish Factory]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1905 || 1905 || || [[File:E-Z Polish Factory Chicago.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Lawrence Memorial Library]] || [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]] || [[Illinois]] || 1905 || || || |- | [[A. P. Johnson House]] || [[Delavan, Wisconsin|Delavan]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1905 || 1905 || || |- | [[Thomas P. Hardy House]] || [[Racine, Wisconsin|Racine]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1905 || 1905 || || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Darwin D. Martin House|Darwin D. Martin Gardener’s Cottage]] || [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] || [[New York]] || 1905 || 1909 || || [[File:Martin Complex - Gardener's Cottage 2007.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Mrs Thomas H. Gale Cottage I, II & III]] || [[Whitehall, Michigan|Whitehall]] || [[Michigan]] || 1905 || 1909 || || [[File:Mrs Thomas H. Gale Cottage III.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Rookery Building]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1905 || 1907 || Lobby remodeling || [[File:Rookery Building interior view, Chicago USA.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Pettit Memorial Chapel|William H. Pettit Mortuary Chapel]] || [[Belvidere, Illinois|Belvidere]] || [[Illinois]] || 1906 || 1907 || || [[File:Belvidere Il Pettit Chapel1.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Peter A. Beachy House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1906 || 1906 || Remodel || [[File:Oak Park Il Beachy House1.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Frederick D. Nichols House]] || [[Flossmoor, Illinois|Flossmoor]] || [[Illinois]] || 1906 || || || |- | [[River Forest Tennis Club]]<ref>{{coord|41.8913043|-87.8144825|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[River Forest, Illinois|River Forest]] || [[Illinois]] || 1906 || || Moved<ref>From vicinity of {{coord|41.8897868|-87.8057384|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> 1920 to present location. || [[File:RF Tennis Club.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Edward R. Hills House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1906 || 1906 || Remodel <br /> Reconstructed after fire 1977 || [[File:Oak Park Il Hills House2.jpg|150px]] |- | [[P. D. Hoyt House]] || [[Geneva, Illinois|Geneva]] || [[Illinois]] || 1906 || || || |- | [[Mrs. A. W. Gridley House]] <br /> (Ravine House) || [[Batavia, Illinois|Batavia]] || [[Illinois]] || 1906 || 1906 || || [[File:Mrs. A. W. Gridley House (Batavia, IL) 02.JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Grace Fuller House]] || [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]] || [[Illinois]] || 1906 || || Uncertainty if ever built || |- | [[K. C. DeRhodes House]] || [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] || [[Indiana]] || 1906 || 1906 || || [[File:K. C. DeRhodes House, May 2011.jpg|150px]] |- | [[George Madison Millard House|George M. Millard House]] || [[Highland Park, Illinois|Highland Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1906 || 1906 || || |- | [[Tan-Y-Deri]] <br /> (Andrew T. Porter House)<ref>{{coord|43.1362007|-90.073691|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Spring Green, Wisconsin|Spring Green]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1907 || 1907 || Based on "[[A Fireproof House for $5000]]" || [[File:Tan Y Deri December 2011.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Coonley House|Avery Coonley House]] || [[Riverside, Illinois|Riverside]] || [[Illinois]] || 1907 || Complex completed 1912 || || [[File:Avery Coonley House, 300 Scottswood Road, 281 Bloomingbank Road, Riverside (Cook County, Illinois).jpg|150px]] |- | [[Stephen M. B. Hunt House I]] || [[La Grange, Illinois|La Grange]] || [[Illinois]] || 1907 || 1907 || Based on "[[A Fireproof House for $5000]]" || [[File:SMHuntHouse.JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Fabyan Villa|Col. George Fabyan Villa]] || [[Geneva, Illinois|Geneva]] || [[Illinois]] || 1907 || 1907 || Remodel || [[File:Fabyan FLWright 1907.JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Fox River Country Club]] || [[Geneva, Illinois|Geneva]] || [[Illinois]] || 1907 || || Remodel <br /> Destroyed by fire 1910 || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Larkin Company Exhibition Pavilion]] || [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] || [[Virginia]] || 1907 || 1907 || Temporary structure<br />Demolished || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Pebbles & Balch Office]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1907 || 1907 || Remodel <br /> Demolished by 1942 || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Robie House|Frederick C. Robie House]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1908 || 1909-10 || || [[File:Robie House.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Dr. G.C. Stockman House|G. C. Stockman House]] || [[Mason City, Iowa|Mason City]] || [[Iowa]] || 1908 || 1908 || Based on "[[A Fireproof House for $5000]]" || [[File:G C Stockman House Front-Left.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Raymond W. Evans House]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1908 || || || [[File:Raymond W Evans House.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Browne’s Bookstore]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1908 || || Interior design <br /> Demolished 1912 (redesigned for a new tenant) || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[L. K. Horner House]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1908 || || Demolished 1952 || |- | [[Eugene A. Gilmore House]] <br /> (Airplane House) || [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1908 || 1908 || || [[File:Eugene A. Gilmore House.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Edward E. Boynton House]] || [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]] || [[New York]] || 1908 || 1908 || || [[File:Edward E. Boynton House Aug 2007.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Walter V. Davidson House]] || [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] || [[New York]] || 1908 || 1908 || || [[File:Walter V. Davidson House.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Isabel Roberts House]] || [[River Forest, Illinois|River Forest]] || [[Illinois]] || 1908 || 1908 || || [[File:ARCHITECTURAL PLAN OF ISOBEL ROBERTS HOUSE.gif|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Meyer May House]] || [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]] || [[Michigan]] || 1908 || 1908-09 || || [[File:Meyer May House, south side, 2009.JPG|150px]] |- | [[William H. Copeland House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1908 || 1908-09 || Garage 1908 <br /> Remodel 1909 || [[File:Oak Park Il Copeland House1.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Park Inn Hotel|City National Bank Building and Park Inn Hotel]] || [[Mason City, Iowa|Mason City]] || [[Iowa]] || 1908-09 || 1909-10 || || [[File:Park Inn Hotel and City National Bank Building from State Street.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Edmund F. Brigham House]] || [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]] || [[Illinois]] || 1908–09 || 1915 || || |- | [[Laura Gale House|Mrs. Thomas H. Gale House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1909 || 1909 || || [[File:Oak Park Il Mrs. Gale House4.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Como Orchards Summer Colony One-Room Cottage|Como Orchard Summer Colony]] || [[Darby, Montana|Darby]] || [[Montana]] || 1909 || || || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Bitter Root Inn]]<ref>{{coord|46.5713541|-114.0558743|format=dms|type:landmark}} per {{cite web|title=Wright Studies: Bitter Root Inn, Bitter Root, Montana near Stevensville (1908) (S.145)|url=http://www.steinerag.com/flw/Artifact%20Pages/PhRtS145.htm|work=The Wright Library|accessdate=13 September 2011}}</ref> || [[Stevensville, Montana|Stevensville]] || [[Montana]] || 1909 || || Destroyed by fire 1924 || |- | [[Frank J. Baker House]] || [[Wilmette, Illinois|Wilmette]] || [[Illinois]] || 1909 || 1909 || || [[File:Frank J. Baker House.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Oscar M. Steffens House]]<ref>{{coord|42.0202825|-87.6657432|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1909 || || Demolished 1963 || [[File:Oscar Steffens House, cropped, (HABS ILL,16-CHIG,64-1).jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[W. Scott Thurber Art Gallery]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1909 || || Interior design <br /> Demolished by 1917 (redesigned for a new tenant) || |- | [[George C. Stewart House]] <br /> (Butterfly Woods) || [[Montecito, California|Montecito]] || [[California]] || 1909 || || || |- | [[J. Kibben Ingalls House]] || [[River Forest, Illinois|River Forest]] || [[Illinois]] || 1909 || || || [[File:J Kibben Ingalls House Front (Cropped).jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Peter C. Stohr Arcade Building]]<ref>{{coord|41.9655971|-87.65782|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1909 || || Demolished 1922 || |- | [[Edward P. Irving House]]<ref>{{coord|39.8425599|-88.9669955|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Decatur, Illinois|Decatur]] || [[Illinois]] || 1909 || || || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Edward C. Waller Bathing Pavilion]] || [[Charlevoix, Michigan|Charlevoix]] || [[Michigan]] || 1909 || || Destroyed by fire c1922 || |- | [[Jesse R. Zeigler House|Rev. Jessie R. Zeigler House]] || [[Frankfort, Kentucky|Frankfort]] || [[Kentucky]] || 1909 || 1910 || Based on "[[A Fireproof House for $5000]]" || [[File:Jesse R. Zeigler House.JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[New York City Exhibition for the Universal Portland Cement Company]] || [[New York City]] || [[New York]] || 1910 || 1910 || Temporary structure<br />Demolished || |- | [[Ingwald Moe House]]<ref>{{coord|41.5985848|-87.34558|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]] || [[Indiana]] || 1910 || || || |- | [[Oscar B. Balch House]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1911 || 1911 || || [[File:Oak Park Il Balch House2.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Herbert Angster House]] || [[Lake Bluff, Illinois|Lake Bluff]] || [[Illinois]] || 1911 || || Demolished 1956 || |- | [[Sherman M. Booth Cottage]] || [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]] || [[Illinois]] || 1911 || || || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Banff National Park Pavilion]] || [[Banff, Alberta|Banff]], [[Alberta]] || [[Canada]] || 1911 || 1913-14 || Demolished 1939 || [[File:Banff National Park Pavilion, circa 1920.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Lake Geneva Hotel]]<ref>{{coord|42.5907761|-88.4347272|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Lake Geneva, Wisconsin|Lake Geneva]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1911 || || Demolished 1970 || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Taliesin (studio)|Taliesin I]] || [[Spring Green, Wisconsin|Spring Green]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1911 || 1911 || Partially destroyed by fire 1914 || |- | [[The Avery Coonley School|The Avery Coonley School Playhouse]] || [[Downers Grove, Illinois|Downers Grove]] || [[Illinois]] || 1911 || 1912 || || [[File:Coonley Playhouse New.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Francis W. Little House II]]<ref>{{coord|44.9426428|-93.5231084|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Wayzata, Minnesota|Wayzata]] || [[Minnesota]] || 1912 || 1912-14 || Demolished 1972 <br /> Living room displayed at [[Metropolitan Museum of Art|The Met]], [[New York City|NYC]] <br /> Library displayed at [[Allentown Art Museum|The Allentown Art Museum]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]] || |- | [[Observation Platform for Island Woolen Mills]] || [[Baraboo, Wisconsin|Baraboo]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1912 || || || |- | [[William B. Greene House]] || [[Aurora, Illinois|Aurora]] || [[Illinois]] || 1912 || || || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Park Ridge Country Club]] || [[Park Ridge, Illinois|Park Ridge]] || [[Illinois]] || 1912 || 1912 || Remodel <br /> Demolished 1930 || |- | [[Harry S. Adams House]]<ref>{{coord|41.8983561|-87.7928799|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1913 || || || [[File:Harry S Adams House Oblique Front.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Midway Gardens]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1913 || || Demolished 1929 || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Taliesin (studio)|Taliesin II]] || [[Spring Green, Wisconsin|Spring Green]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1914 || || Partially destroyed by fire 1925 || |- | [[Mori Oriental Art Studio]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1914 || || || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Women’s Building at Inter-County Fairgrounds]] || [[Spring Green, Wisconsin|Spring Green]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1914 || || Demolished 1924 || |- | [[American System-Built Homes]] || Various || Locations || 1914–1915 || || || |- | [[Arthur L. Richards Small House]] || [[Milwaukee]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1915 || || (American System-Built Home) || |- | [[Arthur L. Richards Bungalow]] || [[Milwaukee]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1915 || || (American System-Built Home) || |- | [[Lewis E. Burleigh House]] || [[Wilmette, Illinois|Wilmette]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || || (American System-Built Home) || [[File:Lewis E. Burleigh House (J.J. O'Connor House).jpg|150px]] |- | [[Ida and Grace McElwain House]] || [[Lake Bluff, Illinois|Lake Bluff]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || || (American System-Built Home) || |- style="background: #e9def2" | [[Thomas E. Sullivan House]] || [[Wilmette, Illinois|Wilmette]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || 1916 || (American System-Built Home)<br />Originally thought to be the work of [[John S. Van Bergen]];<br />Most recently (in 2008) determined to be a Wright design with addition by Van Bergen.<ref> {{Cite web | last = Storrer | first = William A. | title = The 29=30 discovered works | work = FLlW Update | year = 2008 | url = http://www.franklloydwrightinfo.com/ | accessdate = 11 June 2010 }}</ref> Other sources have yet to confirm William A. Storrer's finding. || [[File:Thomas E Sullivan House SE View.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Arthur R. Munkwitz Duplex Apartments]] || [[Milwaukee]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1915 || 1916 || Two structures<br />(American System-Built Homes) <br /> Demolished 1973 || |- | [[Arthur L. Richards Duplex Apartments]] || [[Milwaukee]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1915 || 1916 || Four structures<br />(American System-Built Homes) || [[File:Wright System3 Milw Apr09.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Arthur L. Richards Small House]] || [[Milwaukee]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1915 || 1916 || (American System-Built Home) || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Wilbur Wynant House]] || [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]] || [[Indiana]] || 1915 || 1916 || (American System-Built Home) <br /> Destroyed by fire 2006 || [[File:Wynant House Reconstruction NW View.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Stephen M. B. Hunt House II]] || [[Oshkosh, Wisconsin|Oshkosh]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1915 || 1917 || (American System-Built Home) || [[File:Stephen M.B. Hunt House II OshkoshWisconsin.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Guy C. Smith House]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || 1917 || (American System-Built Home) || [[File:Guy C Smith House Front.jpg|150px]] |- | [[H. Howard Hyde House]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || 1917 || (American System-Built Home) || [[File:H Howard Hyde House Front.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Oscar A. Johnson House]] || [[Evanston, Illinois|Evanston]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || 1917 || (American System-Built Home) || [[File:Oscar A Johnson House Front.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Delbert W. Meier House]] || [[Monona, Iowa|Monona]] || [[Iowa]] || 1915 || 1917 || (American System-Built Home) || |- | [[Charles Heisen House]] || [[Villa Park, Illinois|Villa Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || 1917 || (American System-Built Home) || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[A. D. German Warehouse]] || [[Richland Center, Wisconsin|Richland Center]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1915 || 1921 || || |- | [[Ravine Bluffs Development]] || [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || || ([[Ravine Bluffs Development]]) || |- | [[Ravine Bluffs Development Sculptures]] || [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || || (Ravine Bluffs Development) || |- | [[Ravine Bluffs Development Bridge]] <br /> (Sylvan Road Bridge) || [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || || (Ravine Bluffs Development) <br /> Rebuilt 1980s || [[File:Ravine Bluffs Development Bridge, cropped, (HAER, ILL, 16-GLENC, 3-7).jpg|150px]] |- | [[Sherman M. Booth House]] || [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || || (Ravine Bluffs Development) || |- | [[Charles R. Perry House]] || [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || || (Ravine Bluffs Development) || |- | [[Hollis R. Root House]] || [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || || (Ravine Bluffs Development) || |- | [[William F. Kier House]] || [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || ||(Ravine Bluffs Development) || |- | [[William F. Ross House]] || [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || || (Ravine Bluffs Development) || |- | [[Lute F. and Daniel Kissam House]] || [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || || (Ravine Bluffs Development) || |- | [[Emil Bach House]] || [[Chicago]] || [[Illinois]] || 1915 || 1915 || || [[File:Emil Bach House.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Imperial Hotel, Tokyo|Imperial Hotel]] || [[Tokyo]] || [[Japan]] || 1915 || Completed 1923 || Demolished 1968 (Lobby and pool reconstructed in 1976 at [[Meiji Mura]])|| [[File:Imperial Hotel Wright House.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Frederick C. Bogk House]] || [[Milwaukee]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1916 || || || [[File:BogkHouse-frt-Apr09.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Ernest Vosburgh House]]<ref>{{coord|41.7693212|-86.7991027|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Grand Beach, Michigan|Grand Beach]] || [[Michigan]] || 1916 || || || |- | [[Joseph J. Bagley House]]<ref>{{coord|41.7739422|-86.796914|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Grand Beach, Michigan|Grand Beach]] || [[Michigan]] || 1916 || || || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[William S. Carr House]]<ref>{{coord|41.77297|-86.7987889|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Grand Beach, Michigan|Grand Beach]] || [[Michigan]] || 1916 || || Demolished 2004 (The first demolition of a Wright structure in 30 years [http://www.nationaltrust.org/Magazine/archives/arc_news/112304.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517025557/http://www.nationaltrust.org/Magazine/archives/arc_news/112304.htm |date=2008-05-17 }}) || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Henry J. Allen House]] || [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]] || [[Kansas]] || 1917 || || || |- | [[Aisaku Hayashi House]] || [[Tokyo]] || [[Japan]] || 1917 || || || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Hollyhock House]] <br />(Aline Barnsdall House) || [[Little Armenia, Los Angeles, California|Little Armenia, Los Angeles]] || [[California]] || 1917 || 1919-21 || || [[File:Hollyhock House.JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Arinobu Fukuhara|Arinobu Fukuhara House]] || [[Kanagawa|Kanagawa-Ken]] || [[Japan]] || 1918 || || Destroyed by [[1923 Great Kantō earthquake|earthquake]] 1923 || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Yodokō Guest House|Tazaemon Yamamura House]] || [[Hyogo|Hyogo-Ken]] || [[Japan]] || 1918 || Completed 1924 || || [[File:Yamamura house06s3200.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Imperial Hotel Annex]] || [[Tokyo]] || [[Japan]] || 1919 || || Temporary structure <br /> Demolished 1923 || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Barnsdall Residence B]] || [[Little Armenia, Los Angeles, California|Little Armenia, Los Angeles]] || [[California]] || 1920 || || Demolished 1954 || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Jiyu Gakuen Girls’ School]] || [[Tokyo]] || [[Japan]] || 1921 || 1921 || || [[File:Jiyu gakuen myonichikan.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Harper Avenue Studio for Frank Lloyd Wright]] || [[West Hollywood, California|West Hollywood]] || [[California]] || 1922 || || || |- {{anchor|Nathan G. Moore House II}} | [[Nathan G. Moore House|Nathan G. Moore House II]] || [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]] || [[Illinois]] || 1923 || 1923 || Reconstruction of [[List of Frank Lloyd Wright works#Nathan Moore House I|Nathan Moore House I]] || [[File:2010-04-10 3000x2000 oakpark nathan g moore house.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Millard House|Alice Millard House]] <br /> (La Miniatura) || [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]] || [[California]] || 1923 || 1923 || || [[File:Millard House, Pasadena.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Storer House (Los Angeles, California)|Dr. John Storer House]] || [[Hollywood, Los Angeles, California|Hollywood]] || [[California]] || 1923 || 1923 || || [[File:Storer House, Hollywood 02.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Samuel Freeman House]] || [[Hollywood Hills]] || [[California]] || 1923 || 1923 || || [[File:Samuel Freeman House, Hollywood, California.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Ennis House|Charles Ennis House]] || [[Los Feliz, Los Angeles, California|Los Feliz]] || [[California]] || 1923 || 1924 || || [[File:Ennis House front view 2005.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Taliesin (studio)|Taliesin III]] || [[Spring Green, Wisconsin|Spring Green]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1925 || || || [[File:Looking at Taliesin from Hill Crown.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Graycliff|Graycliff Estate]] <br /> (Isabelle R. Martin House) || [[Derby, New York|Derby]] || [[New York]] || 1926 || 1926-29 || || [[File:Isabelle R. Martin House.JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Arizona Biltmore Hotel]] || [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] || [[Arizona]] || 1927 || 1929 || Consulting architect 1928 || [[File:Azbiltmore.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Beach Cottages at Dumyat]] <br /> (Ras-el-Bar) || [[Damietta|Dumyat]] || [[Egypt]] || 1927 || || Uncertainty if ever built || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Ocotillo Desert Camp]] || [[Chandler, Arizona|Chandler]] || [[Arizona]] || 1928 || || Partially destroyed by fire and abandoned 1929|| |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Chandler Land Improvement Company Camp Cabins]] || [[Chandler, Arizona|Chandler]] || [[Arizona]] || 1929 || || Demolished by 1934 || |- | [[Westhope]] <br /> (Richard L. Jones House) || [[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa]] || [[Oklahoma]] || 1929 || 1929 || || [[File:WesthopeHomeJac.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Malcolm Willey House|Malcolm E. Willey House]] || [[Minneapolis]] || [[Minnesota]] || 1934 || 1934 || || [[File:2023-0929 Malcolm Willey House.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Fallingwater]] <br /> (Edgar J. Kaufmann Sr. Residence) || [[Bear Run (Youghiogheny River)|Bear Run]] || [[Pennsylvania]] || 1935 || 1936-38 || || |- | [[Herbert and Katherine Jacobs First House|Herbert Jacobs House I]] || [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1936 || 1937 || || [[File:Jacobs First House - front.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Abby Beecher Roberts House]] <br /> (Deertrack) || [[Marquette, Michigan|Marquette]] || [[Michigan]] || 1936 || || || |- | [[Johnson Wax Headquarters]] || [[Racine, Wisconsin|Racine]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1936 || 1936-39 || || [[File:Johnsonwax600.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Hanna-Honeycomb House]] || [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]] || [[California]] || 1937 || 1937 || At [[Stanford University]] || [[File:Hanna House 10.JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Wingspread]] <br /> (Herbert F. Johnson House) || [[Wind Point, Wisconsin|Wind Point]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1937 || 1938-39 || || [[File:WingspreadFrankLloydWrightKenoshaWisconsin.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Ben Rebhuhn House]] || [[Great Neck Estates, New York|Great Neck Estates]] || [[New York]] || 1937 || 1937 || || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Taliesin West]] || [[Scottsdale, Arizona|Scottsdale]] || [[Arizona]] || 1937 || 1937 || || [[File:Taliesinpan.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Edgar J. Kaufmann Sr. Office]] || [[Pittsburgh]] || [[Pennsylvania]] || 1937 || || Relocated <br /> Displayed at [[Victoria and Albert Museum|The V&A]] [[London|London, U.K.]] || |- | [[Suntop Homes]] || [[Ardmore, Pennsylvania|Ardmore]] || [[Pennsylvania]] || 1938 || 1939 || || [[File:Suntop Houses, cropped, (HABS, PA,46-ARD,2-1).jpg|150px]] |- | [[Charles L. Manson House]] || [[Wausau, Wisconsin|Wausau]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1938 || 1938-41 || || [[File:Frank-lloyd-wright-wausau.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" |[[Child of the Sun]] || [[Lakeland, Florida|Lakeland]] || [[Florida]] || 1938–1954 || || ([[Child of the Sun]]) <br /> At [[Florida Southern College]] || [[File:Child of the Sun, Master plan, 1957, cropped, (HABS FLA,53-LAKE,1-4).jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Child of the Sun|Annie M. Pfeiffer Chapel]] || [[Lakeland, Florida|Lakeland]] || [[Florida]] || 1938 || 1941 || (Child of the Sun) || [[File:Pfeiffer Chapel HABS, FLA,53-LAKE,1A-14.jpg|150px]] |- | [[John C. Pew House]] || [[Shorewood Hills, Wisconsin|Shorewood Hills]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1939 || || || |- | [[Sidney Bazett House]] || [[Hillsborough, California|Hillsborough]] || [[California]] || 1939 || || || |- | [[Andrew F. H. Armstrong House]] || [[Ogden Dunes, Indiana|Ogden Dunes]] || [[Indiana]] || 1939 || || || [[File:Andrew F. H. Armstrong House, May 2011.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Rosenbaum House|Stanley Rosenbaum House]] || [[Florence, Alabama|Florence]] || [[Alabama]] || 1939 || 1940 || || [[File:Rosenbaum House Front Pano.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Lloyd Lewis House]] || [[Libertyville, Illinois|Libertyville]] || [[Illinois]] || 1939 || 1939 || || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Pope-Leighey House|Loren B. Pope Residence]] || [[Falls Church, Virginia|Falls Church]] || [[Virginia]] || 1939 || 1940 || Relocated to [[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria]], [[Virginia|VA]] in 2001 || [[File:Pope-Leighey House - North east facade - HABS VA,30-FALCH,2-10.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Goetsch-Winckler House]] || [[Okemos, Michigan|Okemos]] || [[Michigan]] || 1939 || 1940 || || [[File:Goetsch Winckler House, 2009.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Joseph Euchtman House]] || [[Pikesville, Maryland|Pikesville]] || [[Maryland]] || 1939 || || || |- |[[Bernard Schwartz House]] <br /> (Still Bend) || [[Two Rivers, Wisconsin|Two Rivers]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1939 ||1940 || This home is available for rentals<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theschwartzhouse.com/Home.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-02-28 |archive-date=2011-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003133608/http://www.theschwartzhouse.com/Home.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> || |- | [[George Sturges House|George D. Sturges House]] || [[Brentwood, Los Angeles, California|Brentwood Heights]] || [[California]] || 1939 || 1939 || || [[File:052707-032-SturgesHouse.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Clarence Sondern House]] || [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] || [[Missouri]] || 1939 || 1940 || || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Rose Pauson House]] <br /> (Shiprock ruins) || [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] || [[Arizona]] || 1939 || 1940 || Destroyed by fire 1942 || [[File:Rose Pauson House 1979 cropped (HABS ARIZ,7-PHEN,13-2).jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Child of the Sun|Seminar Buildings I, II, & III]] || [[Lakeland, Florida|Lakeland]] || [[Florida]] || 1940 || 1949 || (Child of the Sun) || [[File:Lakeland FSC Seminar Building01.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Auldbrass Plantation]] <br /> (C. Leigh Stevens House) || [[Yemassee, South Carolina|Yemassee]] || [[South Carolina]] || 1940 || 1940-51 || || [[File:Auldbrass Living Room HABS SC,7-YEMA,1-6.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Gregor S. and Elizabeth B. Affleck House|Gregor S. Affleck House]] || [[Bloomfield Hills, Michigan|Bloomfield Hills]] || [[Michigan]] || 1940 || 1940 || || [[File:Gregor S and Elizabeth B Affleck House Bloomfield Hills MI.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Arch Oboler House Complex]]<ref>{{coord|34.0995675|-118.8436684|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> <br /> (Eaglefeather) || [[Malibu, California|Malibu]] || [[California]] || 1940 || Completed 1955 || || |- | [[Theodore Baird Residence]] || [[Amherst, Massachusetts|Amherst]] || [[Massachusetts]] || 1940 || 1940 || || |- | [[James B. Christie House]] || [[Bernardsville, New Jersey|Bernardsville]] || [[New Jersey]] || 1940 || 1940 || || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Community Christian Church (Kansas City, Missouri)|Community Christian Church]] || [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] || [[Missouri]] || 1940 || 1940-42 || || [[File:Community Christian Church KCMO.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Child of the Sun|E. T. Roux Library]] || [[Lakeland, Florida|Lakeland]] || [[Florida]] || 1941 || 1946 || (Child of the Sun) || [[File:Lakeland FSC Buckner Bldg01.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Stuart Richardson House]] || [[Glen Ridge, New Jersey|Glen Ridge]] || [[New Jersey]] || 1941 || 1951 || || |- | [[Carlton D. Wall House]] <br /> (Snowflake) || [[Plymouth, Michigan|Plymouth]] || [[Michigan]] || 1941 || 1941-47 || || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Child of the Sun|Industrial Arts Building]] || [[Lakeland, Florida|Lakeland]] || [[Florida]] || 1942 || 1952 || (Child of the Sun) || [[File:Lakeland FSC Ordway Bldg01.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]] || [[Manhattan]] || [[New York]] || 1943–1956 || Completed 1959 || || [[File:Guggenheim museum exterior.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Herbert and Katherine Jacobs Second House|Herbert Jacobs House II]] || [[Middleton, Wisconsin|Middleton]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1944 || 1946-48 || || [[File:Second Jacobs House driveway.JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Child of the Sun|Administration Building]] || [[Lakeland, Florida|Lakeland]] || [[Florida]] || 1945 || 1949 || (Child of the Sun) || [[File:Child of the Sun, Admin Building, cropped, (HABS FLA,53-LAKE,1C-2).jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Lowell Walter Residence]] <br /> (Cedar Rock) || [[Quasqueton, Iowa|Qausqueton]] || [[Iowa]] || 1945 || || || [[File:CedarRock LivingRoom.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Arnold Friedman Lodge]]<ref>{{coord|35.6325612|-105.6804836|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> <br /> (Fir Tree) || [[Pecos, New Mexico|Pecos]] || [[New Mexico]] || 1945 || || || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Child of the Sun|Esplanades]] || [[Lakeland, Florida|Lakeland]] || [[Florida]] || 1946 || 1946-58 || (Child of the Sun) || [[File:FSC Esplanade HABS.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Melvyn Maxwell and Sara Stein Smith House|Melvyn M. Smith House]] || [[Bloomfield Hills, Michigan|Bloomfield Hills]] || [[Michigan]] || 1946 || 1949 || || [[File:Melvyn Maxwell and Sara Stein Smith House Bloomfield TwpMI B.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Douglas and Charlotte Grant House|Douglas Grant House]] || [[Marion, Iowa|Marion]] || [[Iowa]] || 1946 || 1946 || || |- | [[Alvin Miller House|Alvin L. Miller House]] || [[Charles City, Iowa|Charles City]] || [[Iowa]] || 1946 || 1946 || || |- | [[Chauncey L. Griggs Residence]]<ref>{{coord|47.1857223|-122.5311043|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]] || [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] || 1946 || || || |- | [[Amy Alpaugh Studio Residence]] || [[Northport, Michigan|Northport]] || [[Michigan]] || 1946 || || || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[First Unitarian Society of Madison|Unitarian Society Meeting House]] || [[Shorewood Hills, Wisconsin|Shorewood Hills]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1947 || 1949-51 || || [[File:1st-Unitarian.jpg|150px]] |- | [[A. H. Bulbulian Residence]] || [[Rochester, Minnesota|Rochester]] || [[Minnesota]] || 1947 || 1947 || || [[File:AHBulbulianHouse2006-05-16.JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Child of the Sun|J. Edgar Wall Water Dome]] || [[Lakeland, Florida|Lakeland]] || [[Florida]] || 1948 || 1949 || (Child of the Sun) || [[File:Lakeland FSC Water Dome pool pano01.jpg|150px]] |- | [[The Acres|Galesburg Country Homes]] <br /> (The Acres) || [[Galesburg, Michigan|Galesburg]] || [[Michigan]] || 1948 || 1949 || ([[The Acres|Galesburg Country Homes]]) || [[File:The Acres sign.jpg|150px]] |- | [[David Weisblat Residence]] || [[Galesburg, Michigan|Galesburg]] || [[Michigan]] || 1948 || 1949 || (Galesburg Country Home) || |- | [[Eric and Pat Pratt Residence]] || [[Galesburg, Michigan|Galesburg]] || [[Michigan]] || 1948 || 1949 || (Galesburg Country Home) || [[File:Eric and Pat Pratt Residence.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Samuel Eppstein Residence]] || [[Galesburg, Michigan|Galesburg]] || [[Michigan]] || 1948 || 1949 || (Galesburg Country Home) || [[File:Samuel Eppstein Residence.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Curtis Meyer Residence]] || [[Galesburg, Michigan|Galesburg]] || [[Michigan]] || 1948 || 1949 || (Galesburg Country Home) || |- | [[Herman T. Mossberg Residence]] || [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] || [[Indiana]] || 1948 || 1948 || || [[File:Herman T. Mossberg Residence, May 2011.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Fountainhead (Jackson, Mississippi)|Fountainhead]] <br /> (J. Willis Hughes House) || [[Jackson, Mississippi|Jackson]] || [[Mississippi]] || 1948 || 1950 || || |- | [[Carroll Alsop House]] || [[Oskaloosa, Iowa|Oskaloosa]] || [[Iowa]] || 1948 || 1948 || || |- | [[Jack Lamberson House]] || [[Oskaloosa, Iowa|Oskaloosa]] || [[Iowa]] || 1948 || 1948 || || |- | [[Mrs. Clinton Walker Residence]] || [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|Carmel]] || [[California]] || 1948 || || || |- | [[Albert and Edith Adelman House|Albert Adelman House]] || [[Fox Point, Wisconsin|Fox Point]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1948 || 1948 || || [[File:Landmk-0904-adelmann.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Maynard Buehler House|Maynard P. Buehler House]] || [[Orinda, California|Orinda]] || [[California]] || 1948 || 1948 || || [[File:Maynard and Katharine Buehler House (Orinda, CA).JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Charles Weltzheimer Residence|Charles E. Weltzheimer Residence]] || [[Oberlin, Ohio|Oberlin]] || [[Ohio]] || 1948 || 1948-49 || || [[File:Frank Lloyd Wright Weltzheimer Johnson House.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Erling P. Brauner Residence]] || [[Okemos, Michigan|Okemos]] || [[Michigan]] || 1948 || || || [[File:Erling P. Brauner Residence, 2009.jpg|150px]] |- | [[V. C. Morris Gift Shop]] || [[San Francisco]] || [[California]] || 1948 || 1948-49 || || [[File:Frank Lloyd Wright - V.C. Morris Gift Shop, SF - 1.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Parkwyn Village]] || [[Kalamazoo, Michigan|Kalamazoo]] || [[Michigan]] || 1948 || 1949–1950 || ([[Parkwyn Village|Parkwyn Village Homes]]) || [[File:Parkwyn Village sign.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Robert and Rae Levin House|Robert Levin House]] || [[Kalamazoo, Michigan|Kalamazoo]] || [[Michigan]] || 1948 || 1949 || (Parkwyn Village Home) || [[File:Robert Levin House exterior 1.jpg|150px]] |- | [[McCartney Residence]] || [[Kalamazoo, Michigan|Kalamazoo]] || [[Michigan]] || 1948 || 1949 || (Parkwyn Village Home) || |- | [[Eric V. Brown Residence]] || [[Kalamazoo, Michigan|Kalamazoo]] || [[Michigan]] || 1948 || 1949 || (Parkwyn Village Home) || [[File:Eric V. Brown Residence.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Robert D. Winn Residence]] || [[Kalamazoo, Michigan|Kalamazoo]] || [[Michigan]] || 1948 || 1950 || (Parkwyn Village Home) || [[File:Robert D. Winn Residence.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Usonia Homes]] || [[Pleasantville, New York|Pleasantville]] || [[New York]] || 1948 || 1948–1951 || ([[Usonia Homes]]) || |- | [[Sol Friedman House]] <br /> (Toyhill) || [[Pleasantville, New York|Pleasantville]] || [[New York]] || 1948 || 1948 || (Usonia Homes) || |- | [[Edward Serlin House]] || [[Pleasantville, New York|Pleasantville]] || [[New York]] || 1948 || 1949 || (Usonia Homes) || |- | [[Roland Reisley House]] || [[Pleasantville, New York|Pleasantville]] || [[New York]] || 1948 || 1951 || (Usonia Homes) || |- | [[James Edwards Residence]] || [[Okemos, Michigan|Okemos]] || [[Michigan]] || 1949 || || || [[File:James Edwards Residence, 2009.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Howard E. Anthony Residence]] || [[Benton Harbor, Michigan|Benton Harbor]] || [[Michigan]] || 1949 || || || [[File:Howard E. Anthony Residence, 2009.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Kenneth Laurent House]] || [[Rockford, Illinois|Rockford]] || [[Illinois]] || 1949 || || || |- | [[Frieda and Henry J. Neils House|Henry J. Neils House]] || [[Minneapolis]] || [[Minnesota]] || 1949 || 1951 || || [[File:061907-NeilHouse01.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Wilbur C. Pearce Residence]] || [[Bradbury, California|Bradbury]] || [[California]] || 1950 || || || |- | [[Thomas Keys Residence|Thomas E. Keys Residence]] || [[Rochester, Minnesota|Rochester]] || [[Minnesota]] || 1950 || 1950 || || [[File:ThomasKeysHouseRochesterMN2006-05-16.JPG|150px]] |- | [[David Wright Residence]] || [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] || [[Arizona]] || 1950 || || || [[File:David Wright Residence, 2010.JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Kraus House|Russell W. Kraus House]] || [[Kirkwood, Missouri|Kirkwood]] || [[Missouri]] || 1950 || 1952-60 || || |- | [[John and Dorothy Haynes House|John Haynes House]] || [[Fort Wayne, Indiana|Fort Wayne]] || [[Indiana]] || 1950 || 1952 || || [[File:John and Dorothy Haynes House, May 2011.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Dr. Richard Davis House]] <br /> (Woodside) || [[Marion, Indiana|Marion]] || [[Indiana]] || 1950 || 1955 || || [[File:Dr. Richard Davis House (Woodside), May 2011.jpg|150px]] |- | [[J.A. Sweeton Residence|J. A. Sweeton Residence]] || [[Cherry Hill, New Jersey|Cherry Hill]] || [[New Jersey]] || 1950 || 1950 || || |- | [[John O. Carr Residence]] || [[Glenview, Cook County, Illinois|Glenview]] || [[Illinois]] || 1950 || || || |- | [[Donald Schaberg House]] || [[Okemos, Michigan|Okemos]] || [[Michigan]] || 1950 || 1957-58 || || [[File:Schaberg House 2.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Dr. R. Bradford Harper Residence]] || [[St. Joseph, Michigan|St. Joseph]] || [[Michigan]] || 1950 || || || [[File:Dr. R. Bradford Harper Residence, 2009.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Robert Berger Residence]] || [[San Anselmo, California|San Anselmo]] || [[California]] || 1950 || || || |- | [[Arthur C. Mathews Residence]] || [[Atherton, California|Atherton]] || [[California]] || 1950 || || || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Zimmerman House (Manchester, New Hampshire)|Dr. Isadore J. Zimmerman House]] || [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]] || [[New Hampshire]] || 1950 || || || |- | [[Robert Muirhead Residence]] || [[Plato Center, Illinois|Plato Center]] || [[Illinois]] || 1950 || || || |- | [[Karl A. Staley House]] || [[North Madison, Ohio|North Madison]] || [[Ohio]] || 1950 || 1951 || || [[File:Karl A. Staley House, April 2011.jpg|150px]] |- | [[S. P. Elam Residence]] || [[Austin, Minnesota|Austin]] || [[Minnesota]] || 1950 || || || |- | [[Richard C. Smith House]] || [[Jefferson, Wisconsin|Jefferson]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1950 || 1950 || || [[File:Richard C. Smith House.jpg|150px]] |- | [[John Gillin Residence|John A. Gillin Residence]] || [[Dallas]] || [[Texas]] || 1950 || 1958 || || |- | [[Raymond Carlson Residence]] || [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] || [[Arizona]] || 1950 || || || [[File:Raymond Carleson Residence (Carport).JPG|150px]] |- | [[Seamour and Gerte Shavin House|Seamour Shavin House]] || [[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga]] || [[Tennessee]] || 1950 || 1952 || || |- | [[Wetmore Auto Service Station]] || [[Ferndale, Michigan|Ferndale]] || [[Michigan]] || 1951 || 1951 || Remodel || |- | [[Patrick Kinney Residence]] || [[Lancaster, Wisconsin|Lancaster]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1951 || || || |- | [[Charles F. Glore Residence]] || [[Lake Forest, Illinois|Lake Forest]] || [[Illinois]] || 1951 || || || |- | [[Nathan Rubin Residence]] || [[Canton, Ohio|Canton]] || [[Ohio]] || 1951 || || || [[File:Nathan Rubin Residence, May 2011.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Benjamin Adelman Residence]] || [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] || [[Arizona]] || 1951 || || || [[File:FLW - Benjamin Adelman House - SEC - 2011-03-05.JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Welbie L. Fuller Residence]] || [[Pass Christian, Mississippi|Pass Christian]] || [[Mississippi]] || 1951 || || Destroyed by [[Hurricane Camille]] 1969 || |- | [[Frank Lloyd Wright Field Office]] || [[San Francisco]] || [[California]] || 1951 || || || |- | [[Broad Margin]] <br /> (Gabrielle Austin Residence) || [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]] || [[South Carolina]] || 1951 || 1954 || || [[File:Broad Margin, 9 West Avondale Drive, Greenville (Greenville County, South Carolina).jpg|150px]] |- | [[A. K. Chahroudi Cottage]] || [[Mahopac, New York|Lake Mahopac]] || [[New York]] || 1951 || || || |- | [[William Palmer Residence]] || [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]] || [[Michigan]] || 1952 || || || [[File:WilliamandMaryPalmerHouseAnnArborMI.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Arthur Pieper Residence]] || [[Paradise Valley, Arizona|Paradise Valley]] || [[Arizona]] || 1952 || || || [[File:Arthur Pieper Residence, 2010.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Brandes House|Ray Brandes House]] || [[Sammamish, Washington|Sammamish]]<ref>Heinz ({{cite book | title=Frank Lloyd Field Guide, West, Volume 3 | publisher=Academy Press | author=Heinz, Thomas | year=1999 | pages=18 | isbn=0471977470}}) and Storrer ({{cite book | title=The Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright: A Complete Catalog | publisher=University of Chicago Press | author=Storrer, William | year=2002 | pages=354 | isbn=0226776220}}) give the place as [[Issaquah, Washington]], but this address has been within the [http://www.ci.sammamish.wa.us/pdfs/maps/Sammamish%20Vicinity.pdf city limits] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101101956/http://www.ci.sammamish.wa.us/pdfs/maps/Sammamish%20Vicinity.pdf |date=2012-11-01 }} of [[Sammamish, Washington|Sammamish]] [http://www.mrsc.org/govdocs/S35incorppt.pdf since] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527112815/http://www.mrsc.org/govdocs/s35incorppt.pdf |date=2012-05-27 }} the incorporation of that city [http://www.ci.sammamish.wa.us/about/Default.aspx on August 1, 1999] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108191932/http://www.ci.sammamish.wa.us/about/Default.aspx |date=November 8, 2011 }}.</ref> || [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] || 1952 || 1952 || || |- | [[Quintin Blair House]] || [[Cody, Wyoming|Cody]] || [[Wyoming]] || 1952 || 1952-53 || || |- | [[Archie Teater Studio|Archie B. Teater Studio]] <br /> (Teater's Knoll) || [[Bliss, Idaho|Bliss]] || [[Idaho]] || 1952 || 1952 || || |- | [[R. W. Lindholm Residence]] <br /> (Mäntylä) || [[Cloquet, Minnesota|Cloquet]] || [[Minnesota]] || 1952 || || || |- | [[Frank Sander Residence|Frank S. Sander Residence]] <br /> (Springbough) || [[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]] || [[Connecticut]] || 1952 || 1955 || || |- | [[Anderton Court Shops]] || [[Beverly Hills, California|Beverly Hills]] || [[California]] || 1952 || 1952 || || [[File:AndertonBeverlyHills.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Lewis House (Tallahassee, Florida)|George Lewis House]] || [[Tallahassee, Florida|Tallahassee]] || [[Florida]] || 1952 || 1954 || || [[File:George Lewis House (Spring House).jpg|150px]] |- | [[Marden House|Luis Marden House]] || [[McLean, Virginia|McLean]] || [[Virginia]] || 1952 || Completed 1959 || || |- | [[Price Tower]] || [[Bartlesville, Oklahoma|Bartlesville]] || [[Oklahoma]] || 1952 || 1952-56 || ||[[File:PriceTower.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Child of the Sun|Polk County Science Building]] || [[Lakeland, Florida|Lakeland]] || [[Florida]] || 1953 || 1958 || (Child of the Sun) || [[File:Child of the Sun, Science Building, cropped, (HABS FLA,53-LAKE,1F-4).jpg|150px]] |- | [[Andrew B. Cooke House]] || [[Virginia Beach]] || [[Virginia]] || 1953 || Completed 1959 || || |- | [[Jorgine Boomer Residence]] || [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] || [[Arizona]] || 1953 || || || [[File:FLW - Jorgine Boomer House - SEC - 2011-03-05.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Robert Llewellyn Wright House]] || [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]] || [[Maryland]] || 1953 || 1957 || || |- | [[Lewis H. Goddard Residence]] || [[Plymouth, Michigan|Plymouth]] || [[Michigan]] || 1953 || || || |- | [[John and Syd Dobkins House]] || [[Canton, Ohio|Canton]] || [[Ohio]] || 1953 || 1954 || || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Kentuck Knob]] <br /> (I.N. Hagan House) || [[Uniontown, Pennsylvania|Chalkhill]] || [[Pennsylvania]] || 1953 || 1953-56 || || [[File:Kentuck Knob 1.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Harold Price Jr. Residence]] || [[Bartlesville, Oklahoma|Bartlesville]] || [[Oklahoma]] || 1953 || || || |- | [[Louis Penfield House|Louis A. Penfield House]] || [[Willoughby Hills, Ohio|Willoughby Hills]] || [[Ohio]] || 1953 || 1955 || (Original plans were for a main and guest house,which only the guest house was built.) This home is available for renting<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Louis Penfield House landingpage |url=https://www.penfieldhouse.com/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=www.penfieldhouse.com|language=en}}</ref> || [[File:Louis Penfield House, April 2011.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Riverview Terrace Restaurant]] <br /> (Frank Lloyd Wright Visitors' Center) || [[Spring Green, Wisconsin|Spring Green]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1953 || || || [[File:Riverview Terrace Restaurant Frank Lloyd Wright Visitor Center.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Usonian Exhibition House and Pavilion]] || [[New York City]] || [[New York]] || 1953 || 1953 || Temporary structure<br />Demolished || |- | [[Child of the Sun|William H. Danforth Chapel]] || [[Lakeland, Florida|Lakeland]] || [[Florida]] || 1954 || 1955 || (Child of the Sun) || [[File:Lakeland FSC Danforth Chapel pano01.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Ellis A. Feiman House]] || [[Canton, Ohio|Canton]] || [[Ohio]] || 1954 || || || [[File:Ellis A. Feiman House, May 2011.jpg|150px]] |- | [[E. Clarke and Julia Arnold House]] || [[Columbus, Wisconsin|Columbus]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1954 || 1955-56 || || [[File:EClarkeJuliaArnoldHouseColumbusWisconsin.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Dr. Maurice Greenberg House]] || [[Dousman, Wisconsin|Dousman]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1954 || || || |- | [[Hoffman Auto Showroom]] <br /> (Mercedes-Benz Manhattan) || [[Manhattan]] || [[New York]] || 1954 || || || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Beth Sholom Congregation (Elkins Park, Pennsylvania)|Beth Sholom Synagogue]] || [[Elkins Park, Pennsylvania|Elkins Park]] || [[Pennsylvania]] || 1954 || Completed 1959 || || [[File:FLW Beth Sholom exterior.jpg|150px]] |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Exhibition Pavillion]] || [[Los Angeles]] || [[California]] || 1954 || 1954 || Temporary structure<br />Demolished || |- | [[Bachman-Wilson House]] || [[Millstone, New Jersey|Millstone]] || [[New Jersey]] || 1954 || 1954-56 || || |- | [[William L. Thaxton Jr. House]] || [[Bunker Hill Village, Texas|Bunker Hill Village]] || [[Texas]] || 1954 || || || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Samara (house)|Samara]] <br /> (John E. Christian Residence) || [[West Lafayette, Indiana|West Lafayette]] || [[Indiana]] || 1954 || 1954-56 || || [[File:Samara (John E Christian House) Entrance.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Gerald B. and Beverley Tonkens House]] || [[Cincinnati]] || [[Ohio]] || 1954 || || || [[File:Gerald B. and Beverley Tonkens House, May 2011.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Cedric G. and Patricia Boulter Residence]] || [[Cincinnati]] || [[Ohio]] || 1954 || 1956 || || [[File:Cedric G. and Patricia Neils Boulter House.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Louis B. Frederick House]] || [[Barrington Hills, Illinois|Barrington Hills]] || [[Illinois]] || 1954 || || || |- | [[Willard H. Keland House]] || [[Racine, Wisconsin|Racine]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1954 || || || |- | [[Don E. Lovness Studio & Cottage]] || [[Stillwater, Minnesota|Stillwater]] || [[Minnesota]] || 1955 || || Cottage built 1972 || |- | [[Dorothy H. Turkel House]] || [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]] || [[Michigan]] || 1955 || || || |- | [[William B. Tracy House]] || [[Normandy Park, Washington|Normandy Park]] || [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] || 1955 || 1956 || || [[File:William B. Tracy House, October 2011.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Toufic H. Kalil House]] || [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]] || [[New Hampshire]] || 1955 || 1955 || || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Kalita Humphreys Theater]] || [[Dallas]] || [[Texas]] || 1955 || Completed 1959 || || [[File:KHTPre62-1.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Randall Fawcett House]] || [[Los Banos, California|Los Banos]] || [[California]] || 1955 || Completed 1961 || || |- | [[Rayward-Shepherd House|John L. Rayward House]] <br /> (Tirranna) || [[New Canaan, Connecticut|New Canaan]] || [[Connecticut]] || 1955 || 1955 || || |- | [[Max Hoffman House]] || [[Rye (city), New York|Rye]] || [[New York]] || 1955 || Completed 1972 || || [[File:Max Hoffman House1.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Theodore A. Pappas House]] || [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]] || [[Missouri]] || 1955 || 1960-64 || || |- | [[Kundert Medical Clinic|Dr. Karl Kundert Medical Clinic]] || [[San Luis Obispo, California|San Luis Obispo]] || [[California]] || 1955 || || || |- | [[Robert H. Sunday House]] || [[Marshalltown, Iowa|Marshalltown]] || [[Iowa]] || 1955 || 1957 || || |- | [[R. W. Lindholm Service Station]] || [[Cloquet, Minnesota|Cloquet]] || [[Minnesota]] || 1956 || 1956-58 || || [[File:LindholmServiceStation.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Frank Bott Residence]] || [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] || [[Missouri]] || 1956 || || || |- | [[Harold C. Price Sr. House]] || [[Paradise Valley, Arizona|Paradise Valley]] || [[Arizona]] || 1956 || || || [[File:Harold C. Price Sr. House, 2010.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Allen Friedman House]] || [[Bannockburn, Illinois|Bannockburn]] || [[Illinois]] || 1956 || || || |- | [[Dr. Kenneth L. Meyers Medical Clinic]] || [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]] || [[Ohio]] || 1956 || || || [[File:Dr. Kenneth L. Meyers Medical Clinic, May 2011.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Dudley Spencer House]] <br /> (Laurel) || [[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]] || [[Delaware]] || 1956 || 1956-61 || || [[File:Laurel FLW DE.JPG|150px]] |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church (Milwaukee)|Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church]] || [[Milwaukee]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1956 || 1959-61 || || [[File:Annunciation Church Apr09.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Wyoming Valley Grammar School]] || [[Spring Green, Wisconsin|Spring Green]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1956 || || || |- | [[Marshall Erdman Prefab Houses]] || Various || Locations || 1956 || 1956–1961 || ([[Marshall Erdman Prefab Houses]]) || |- | [[Eugene Van Tamelen House]] || [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1956 || 1956 || (Marshall Erdman Prefab House #1) || |- | [[Arnold Jackson House]] <br /> (Skyview) || [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1956 || 1957 || (Marshall Erdman Prefab House #1) <br /> Relocated to [[Beaver Dam, Wisconsin|Beaver Dam]], [[Wisconsin|WI]] in 1985 || |- | [[Donald C. Duncan House]] || [[Lisle, Illinois|Lisle]] || [[Illinois]] || 1956 || 1957 || (Marshall Erdman Prefab House #1) <br /> Relocated to [[Polymath Park]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]] in 2002 || |- | [[Frank Iber House]] || [[Plover, Wisconsin|Plover]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1956 || 1957 || (Marshall Erdman Prefab House #1) || |- | [[Carl Post House]] || [[Barrington Hills, Illinois|Barrington Hills]] || [[Illinois]] || 1956 || 1957 || (Marshall Erdman Prefab House #1) || |- | [[James McBean Residence|James B. McBean Residence]] || [[Rochester, Minnesota|Rochester]] || [[Minnesota]] || 1956 || 1957 || (Marshall Erdman Prefab House #2) || [[File:McBeanHouseRochesterMN2006-05-24.JPG|150px]] |- | [[Walter Rudin House]] || [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1956 || 1957-59 || (Marshall Erdman Prefab House #2) || [[File:Rudin-house.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Joseph Mollica House]] || [[Bayside, Wisconsin|Bayside]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1956 || 1958 || (Marshall Erdman Prefab House #1) || |- | [[The Crimson Beech]] <br /> (William Cass House) || [[Staten Island]] || [[New York]] || 1956 || 1959 || (Marshall Erdman Prefab House #1) || [[File:Crimson Beech Partial Front View.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Dr. Edward & Laura Jane LaFond House]] || [[St. Joseph, Minnesota|St. Joseph]] || [[Minnesota]] || 1956 || 1960 || (Marshall Erdman Prefab House #1) || |- | [[Socrates Zaferiou House]] || [[Blauvelt, New York|Blauvelt]] || [[New York]] || 1956 || 1961 || (Marshall Erdman Prefab House #1) || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Marin County Civic Center]] || [[San Rafael, California|San Rafael]] || [[California]] || 1957 || Completed 1976 || || [[File:Marinciviccenter01.JPG|150px]] |- | [[William P. Boswell Residence]] || [[Indian Hill, Ohio|Indian Hill]] || [[Ohio]] || 1957 || Completed 1961 || || |- style="background: #e8f7d5" | [[Gordon House (Silverton, Oregon)|C. E. Gordon House]] || [[Wilsonville, Oregon|Wilsonville]] || [[Oregon]] || 1957 || Completed 1963 || Relocated to [[Silverton, Oregon|Silverton]], [[Oregon|OR]] in 2001 || [[File:Gordon House southeast side.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Paul J. and Ida Trier House]] || [[Johnston, Iowa|Johnston]] || [[Iowa]] || 1957 || 1957 || || |- | [[Robert G. Walton House]] || [[Modesto, California|Modesto]] || [[California]] || 1957 || || || |- | [[Fasbender Clinic|Dr. Herman T. Fasbender Medical Clinic]] || [[Hastings, Minnesota|Hastings]] || [[Minnesota]] || 1957 || 1959 || || [[File:Fasbender Clinic.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Wichita State University Juvenile Cultural Study Center]] || [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]] || [[Kansas]] || 1957 || Completed 1963 || || |- | [[Sterling Kinney Residence]] || [[Amarillo, Texas|Amarillo]] || [[Texas]] || 1957 || || || |- | [[Carl E. Schultz House]] || [[St. Joseph, Michigan|St. Joseph]] || [[Michigan]] || 1957 || 1957 || || [[File:Carl E. Schultz House, 2009.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Duey and Julia Wright House]] || [[Wausau, Wisconsin|Wausau]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1957 || 1959 || || |- style="background: #f5eddc" | [[Eddie's House]] || [[San Anselmo, California|San Anselmo]] || [[California]] || 1957 || 1963 || Dog house </br> Demolished 1973 || |- | [[Dr. George Ablin House]] || [[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield]] || [[California]] || 1958 || || || |- | [[Pilgrim Congregational Church (Redding, California)|Pilgrim Congregational Church]] || [[Redding, California|Redding]] || [[California]] || 1958 || 1960-63 || || |- | [[Don M Stromquist House|Don M. Stromquist House]] || [[Bountiful, Utah|Bountiful]] || [[Utah]] || 1958 || 1959 || || [[File:Don M. Stromquist House (Garage-Office-Lab).JPG|150px]] |- | [[Seth Peterson Cottage|Seth C. Peterson Cottage]] || [[Mirror Lake State Park|Mirror Lake]] || [[Wisconsin]] || 1958 || 1958 || || |- | [[Lockridge Medical Clinic]]<ref>{{coord|48.4091342|-114.336184|format=dms|type:landmark}}</ref> || [[Whitefish, Montana|Whitefish]] || [[Montana]] || 1958 || || || [[File:Lockridge Medical Clinic (former), October 2011.jpg|150px]] |- | [[Paul Olfelt House]] || [[St. Louis Park, Minnesota|St. Louis Park]] || [[Minnesota]] || 1958 || || || |- | [[Norman Lykes House]] || [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] || [[Arizona]] || 1959 || Completed 1968 || || [[File:Norman Lykes House, 2010.JPG|150px]] |- |} == References == {{reflist}} <br /> {{Bio-stub}} {{BD|1867|1959|Wright, Frank Lloyd}} [[Category:F]] [[Category:W]] [[Category:Architects]] [[Category:United States ke log]] kd24ssc956q28vygjgt8x8apf1xdrf4 0 4319 335776 335723 2026-06-09T06:26:57Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 335776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country| fullcountryname= Republic of the Philippines<br /> Repúbliká ng̃ Pilipinas | image_flag= Flag of the Philippines.svg | image_coa= | image_location= LocationPhilippines.png | nationalmotto= Maka-Diyos, Makatao, Makakalikasan, at Makabansa (English: God, People, Nature, and Country) | nationalsong= "Lupang Hinirang" (Chosen Land) | nationalflower= n/a | nationalanimal= n/a | officiallanguages= Filipino (Tagalog), [[English bhasa|English]], [[Spanish bhasa|Spanish]] | populationtotal= 87,857,473 | populationrank= 12 | populationdensity= 276 | countrycapital= [[Manila]] | countrylargestcity= Quezon City | areatotal= 300,000 | arearank= 71 | areawater= n/a | areawaterpercent= 0.6 | establishedin= [[12 June]], [[1898]] | leadertitlename= President: Rodrigo Duterte<br />Vice President: Leni Robredo | currency= Philippine peso (piso) (PHP) | utcoffset= +8 | dialingcode= +63 | internettld= .ph }} Philippines ek 7,000 se jaada [[island]] waala [[des]] hae. Ii [[Pacific Ocean]] me [[Asia]] se 100 kilometers southeast me hae. [[Spain]] ([[1521]]-[[1898]]) aur [[United States]] ([[1898]]-[[1946]]), ii des pe raaj karin rahaa. Philippines, [[South Korea]], aur [[East Timor]], East Asia ke uu des hae jahan pe jaada log [[Isai dharam|Isai]] hae. Philippine Islands ke east me [[Pacific Ocean]], west me [[South China Sea]], aur south me [[Celebes Sea]] hae . == Naam == [[Spain]] ke explorer [[Ruy López de Villalobos]], aapan 1542 ke expedition me, [[Leyte]] aur [[Samar]] ke naam "{{lang|es|Felipinas}}" diis rahaa, [[Prince of Asturias]], baad me [[Philip&nbsp;II of Castile]] ke baad. Dhire-dhire "{{lang|es|Las Islas Filipinas}}" ke naam se ii archipelago ke Spanish possession ke bola jaae lagaa.<ref name="Scott-1994" /> Duusra naam, jaise "{{lang|es|Islas del Poniente}}" (Western Islands), "{{lang|pt|Islas del Oriente}}" (Eastern Islands), [[Ferdinand Magellan]] ke naam aur "{{lang|es|San Lázaro}}" (Islands of St. Lazarus), ke kaam me laae ke Spanish log ii islands ke refer karat rahin, jabtak ii ilaaka me Spanish raj established nai rahaa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Malcolm |first=George A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tpEz7_tzzJoC |title=The Government of the Philippine Islands: Its Development and Fundamentals |series=Philippine Law Collection |date=1916 |publisher=[[Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Company]] |isbn=<!-- ISBN unspecified --> |location=Rochester, N.Y. |page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924051298937/page/2/mode/2up 3] |language=en |author-link=George A. Malcolm |oclc=578245510 |access-date=February 12, 2023 |archive-date=February 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217144209/https://books.google.com/books?id=tpEz7_tzzJoC |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Spate |first=Oskar H.K. |title=The Spanish Lake |date=November 2004 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-0-7099-0049-8 |series=The Pacific since Magellan |volume=I |location=London, England |page=97 |chapter=Chapter 4. Magellan's Successors: Loaysa to Urdaneta. Two failures: Grijalva and Villalobos |doi=10.22459/SL.11.2004 |author-link=Oskar Spate |access-date=July 6, 2020 |orig-date=1979 |chapter-url=http://epress.anu.edu.au/spanish_lake/mobile_devices/ch04s05.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805022835/http://epress.anu.edu.au/spanish_lake/mobile_devices/ch04s05.html |archive-date=August 5, 2008 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GIz4CDTCOwcC |title=The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia |date=1999 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-66370-0 |editor-last=Tarling |editor-first=Nicholas |volume=2: From c. 1500 to c. 1800 |location=Cambridge, England |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GIz4CDTCOwcC&pg=PA12 12] |language=en |author-link=Nicholas Tarling |access-date=April 2, 2023 |archive-date=April 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402114137/https://books.google.com/books?id=GIz4CDTCOwcC |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Philippine Revolution]] ke time, [[Malolos Congress]] {{lang|es|República Filipina}} (the [[First Philippine Republic|Philippine Republic]]) ke elaan karis.<ref>{{cite web|title=The 1899 Malolos Constitution |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1899-malolos-constitution/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605215334/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1899-malolos-constitution/ |archive-date=June 5, 2017 |access-date=February 11, 2023 |website=[[Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]] |at=Título I – De la República; Articulo 1 |language=es, en}}</ref> America ke colonial authorities ii des ke Philippine Islands (a translation of the Spanish name) bolat rahin.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Constantino |first=Renato |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1ZxAAAAMAAJ |title=The Philippines: A Past Revisited |date=1975 |publisher=Tala Pub. Services |isbn=978-971-8958-00-1 |location=Quezon City, Philippines |author-link=Renato Constantino |access-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203072918/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1ZxAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[United States]], dhire-chire naam ke "the Philippine Islands" se badal ke "the Philippines" kar diin, Philippine Autonomy Act aur [[Jones Law (Philippines)|Jones Law]] se.<ref>{{cite web|date=August 29, 1916 |title=The Jones Law of 1916 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-jones-law-of-1916/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808093938/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-jones-law-of-1916/ |archive-date=August 8, 2017 |access-date=March 12, 2021 |website=[[Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]] |at=Section 1.―The Philippines}}</ref> 1935 ke constitution me, sarkari naam "Republic of the Philippines" rakkhaa gais rahaa, jon aage ke ajaad des ke naam rahii,<ref>{{cite web|title=The 1935 Constitution |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1935-constitution/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625234400/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1935-constitution/ |archive-date=June 25, 2017 |access-date=February 11, 2023 |website=[[Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]] |at=Article XVII, Section 1}}</ref> aur baad ke sab constitutional ke badlao me ii naam rakkha gais hae.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 17, 1973 |title=1973 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1973-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625191553/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1973-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-2/ |archive-date=June 25, 2017 |access-date=March 14, 2021 |website=[[Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=February 11, 1987 |title=The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607182503/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/ |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=March 14, 2021 |website=[[Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]]}}</ref> == Itihaas == === Puraana itihaas (900 se pahile) === [[File:Manunggul Jar.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Manunggul Jar|Manunggul burial jar]], dher burial jar me se ek, jiske gifaa me paawa gais rahaa|alt=A burial jar with its lid decorated with two people on a boat|left]] Iske sabuut hae ki puraana jamaana ke [[hominins]], jon jagha abi Philippines hae, me 709,000 saal pahile rahat rahin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ingicco |first1=T. |last2=van den Bergh |first2=G. D. |last3=Jago-on |first3=C. |last4=Bahain |first4=J. |last5=Chacón |first5=M. G. |last6=Amano |first6=N. |last7=Forestier |first7=H. |last8=King |first8=C. |last9=Manalo |first9=K. |last10=Nomade |first10=S. |last11=Pereira |first11=A. |last12=Reyes |first12=M. C. |last13=Sémah |first13=A. |last14=Shao |first14=Q. |last15=Voinchet |first15=P. |date=May 1, 2018 |title=Earliest known hominin activity in the Philippines by 709&nbsp;thousand years ago |url=https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6441&context=smhpapers |journal=Nature |publisher=[[University of Wollongong]] |volume=557 |issue=7704 |pages=233–237 |bibcode=2018Natur.557..233I |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0072-8 |pmid=29720661 |s2cid=256771231 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429133325/https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6441&context=smhpapers |archive-date=April 29, 2019 |first16=C. |last16=Falguères |first17=P.C.H. |last17=Albers |first18=M. |last18=Lising |first19=G. |last19=Lyras |first20=D. |last20=Yurnaldi |first21=P. |last21=Rochette |first22=A. |last22=Bautista |first23=J. |last23=de Vos |issn=0028-0836}}</ref> [[Callao Cave]] me paawa gais haddi, saait ek nawaa species, ''[[Homo luzonensis]]'' ke hae, jon 50,000 se 67,000 saal pahile rahat rahin.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Greshko |first1=Michael |last2=Wei-Haas |first2=Maya |date=April 10, 2019 |title=New species of ancient human discovered in the Philippines |work=[[National Geographic]] |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/04/new-species-ancient-human-discovered-luzon-philippines-homo-luzonensis/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410173110/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/04/new-species-ancient-human-discovered-luzon-philippines-homo-luzonensis/ |archive-date=April 10, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rincon |first1=Paul |date=April 10, 2019 |title=New human species found in Philippines |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47873072 |access-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410192730/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47873072 |archive-date=April 10, 2019 |author-link1=Paul Rincon}}</ref> Sab se puraana [[modern human]] ke remain ii islands ke [[Palawan]] ke [[Tabon Caves]] me paawa gais hae, jiske [[U/Th-dated]] hae 47,000 ± 11–10,000 saal pahile.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Détroit |first1=Florent |last2=Dizon |first2=Eusebio |last3=Falguères |first3=Christophe |last4=Hameau |first4=Sébastien |last5=Ronquillo |first5=Wilfredo |last6=Sémah |first6=François |date=2004 |title=Upper Pleistocene ''Homo sapiens'' from the Tabon cave (Palawan, The Philippines): description and dating of new discoveries |url=http://fdetroit.free.fr/IMG/pdf/Detroit_etal_04_Tabon2.pdf |journal=Human Palaeontology and Prehistory |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=3 |issue=2004 |pages=705–712 |bibcode=2004CRPal...3..705D |doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2004.06.004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218164554/http://fdetroit.free.fr/IMG/pdf/Detroit_etal_04_Tabon2.pdf |archive-date=February 18, 2015 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Tabon Man]] ke [[Negrito]] maana jaae hae, jon ii islands me rahe waala pahila log rahin, Africa se coastal route lae ke, along [[South Asia|southern Asia]] se abhi duubaa waala [[Sundaland]] aur [[Sahul]] se ii islands me aae rahin.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jett |first=Stephen C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgOUDgAAQBAJ |title=Ancient Ocean Crossings: Reconsidering the Case for Contacts with the Pre-Columbian Americas |date=2017 |publisher=[[University of Alabama Press]] |isbn=978-0-8173-1939-7 |location=Tuscaloosa, Ala. |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=EgOUDgAAQBAJ&pg=168 168–171] |access-date=May 23, 2020 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203072920/https://books.google.com/books?id=EgOUDgAAQBAJ |url-status=live}}</ref> Philippines pahunche waala pahila Austronesians , Taiwan se, lagbhag 2200 BC me aae rahin, [[Batanes]] Islands (where they built stone fortresses known as ''[[ijang]]s'') me aae ke base rahin<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2005-006.pdf |title=The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture and Community |date=2005 |publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] |isbn=978-2-8317-0797-6 |editor-last=Brown |editor-first=Jessica |location=Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, England |pages=101–102 |language=en |access-date=March 19, 2023 |editor-last2=Mitchell |editor-first2=Nora J. |editor-last3=Beresford |editor-first3=Michael |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408232535/https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2005-006.pdf |archive-date=April 8, 2018}}</ref> aur northern [[Luzon]] me bhi. [[Philippine jade culture|Jade artifacts]] ke 2000 BC ke date karaa gais hae,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=William Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FSlwAAAAMAAJ |title=Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History |publisher=New Day Publishers |year=1984 |isbn=978-971-10-0227-5 |location=Quezon City, Philippines |page=17 |author-link=William Henry Scott (historian) |access-date=April 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203072920/https://books.google.com/books?id=FSlwAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ness |first=Immanuel |editor-last1=Bellwood |editor-first1=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2HMTBwAAQBAJ |title=The Global Prehistory of Human Migration |date=2014 |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |isbn=978-1-118-97059-1 |location=Chichester, West Sussex, England |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=2HMTBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA289 289] |author-link1=Immanuel Ness |editor-link1=Peter Bellwood |access-date=September 2, 2020 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203072922/https://books.google.com/books?id=2HMTBwAAQBAJ |url-status=live}}</ref> jisme [[lingling-o]] Luzon ke jade ke banaa chij ke Taiwan ke raw material se banaawa gais rahaa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hung |first1=Hsiao-Chun |last2=Iizuka |first2=Yoshiyuki |last3=Bellwood |first3=Peter |last4=Nguyen |first4=Kim Dung |last5=Bellina |first5=Bérénice |last6=Silapanth |first6=Praon |last7=Dizon |first7=Eusebio |last8=Santiago |first8=Rey |last9=Datan |first9=Ipoi |last10=Manton |first10=Jonathan H. |date=December 11, 2007 |title=Ancient jades map 3,000 years of prehistoric exchange in Southeast Asia |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=104 |issue=50 |pages=19745–19750 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0707304104 |pmc=2148369 |pmid=18048347 |doi-access=free}}</ref> 1000 BC talak, ii islands ke log chaar society me develop hoe gay rahin : [[hunter-gatherer]] tribes, warrior societies, highland [[plutocracies]], aur port principalities.<ref name="Legarda-2001">{{Cite journal |last=Legarda |first=Benito Jr. |author-link=Benito J. Legarda |year=2001 |title=Cultural Landmarks and their Interactions with Economic Factors in the Second Millennium in the Philippines |journal=Kinaadman (Wisdom): A Journal of the Southern Philippines |publisher=[[Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan]] |volume=23 |page=40}}</ref> === Pahila states (900–1565) === [[File:Naturales 4.png|thumb| 1590's ke early Spanish colonial jamaana ke ek native praani jon sona pahinin hae.]] Philippines ke sab se pahila likha gias record, 900 AD ke [[Laguna Copperplate Inscription]] hae, jiske [[Old Malay]] bhasa me, [[Kawi alphabet|Kawi]] script me likha gais hae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Postma |first=Antoon |author-link=Antoon Postma |date=1992 |title=The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: Text and Commentary |url=http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/download/1033/1018 |journal=[[Philippine Studies (journal)|Philippine Studies]] |location=Quezon City, Philippines |publisher=[[Ateneo de Manila University]] |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=182–203 |issn=0031-7837 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208053836/http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/download/1033/1018 |archive-date=December 8, 2015 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |archivedate=December 8, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208053836/http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/download/1033/1018 }}</ref> 14th century talak, dher barraa-barraa coastal settlements trading centers ban ke [[Cultural achievements of pre-colonial Philippines|societal changes]] ke kaaran ban gais.<ref name="deGraaf-1977">{{Cite book |last1=de Graaf |first1=Hermanus Johannes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RYQeAAAAIAAJ |title=Geschichte: Lieferung 2 |last2=Kennedy |first2=Joseph |last3=Scott |first3=William Henry |date=1977 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |isbn=978-90-04-04859-1 |location=Leiden, Switzerland |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RYQeAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA198 198] |language=en |author-link3=William Henry Scott (historian) |access-date=February 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306102637/https://books.google.com/books?id=RYQeAAAAIAAJ |url-status=live}}</ref> Kuchh basti ke log, Asia ke duusra state se chij ke trade karat rahin. <ref name="Junker-1999">{{Cite book |last=Junker |first=Laura Lee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yO2yG0nxTtsC |title=Raiding, Trading, and Feasting: The Political Economy of Philippine Chiefdoms |date=1999 |publisher=[[University of Hawaiʻi Press]] |isbn=978-0-8248-2035-0 |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |access-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203072919/https://books.google.com/books?id=yO2yG0nxTtsC |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nadeau |first=Kathleen M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAINJWo4IJ4C |title=Liberation Theology in the Philippines: Faith in a Revolution |date=2002 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=978-0-275-97198-4 |location=Westport, Conn. |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=kAINJWo4IJ4C&pg=PA8 8] |language=en |access-date=February 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317084801/https://books.google.com/books?id=kAINJWo4IJ4C |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tang dynasty]] ke time, China se trade suruu bhais,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/2022/09/20/the-9th-to-10th-century-archaeological-evidence-of-maritime-relations-between-the-philippines-and-the-islands-of-southeast-asia/|title=The 9th to 10th century archaeological evidence of maritime relations between the Philippines and the islands of Southeast Asia|publisher=[[National Museum of the Philippines]]|access-date=December 4, 2023|date=n.d.}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Fox |first=Robert B. |author-link=Robert Bradford Fox |title=More Tsinoy Than We Admit: Chinese-Filipino Interactions Over the Centuries |publisher=Vibal Foundation, Inc. |year=2015 |isbn=9789719706823 |editor-last=Chu |editor-first=Richard T. |location=Quezon City |pages=10–13 |chapter=The Archaeological Record of Chinese Influences in the Philippines}}</ref> aur [[Song dynasty]] ke time aur barrha.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6kDm5d3cMIYC |title=Southeast Asia: From Prehistory to History |date=2004 |publisher=[[RoutledgeCurzon]] |isbn=978-0-415-29777-6 |editor-last=Glover |editor-first=Ian |location=London, England |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=6kDm5d3cMIYC&pg=PA267 267] |author-link2=Peter Bellwood |editor-last2=Bellwood |editor-first2=Peter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pre-colonial Manila|url=http://malacanang.gov.ph/75832-pre-colonial-manila/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724010336/http://malacanang.gov.ph/75832-pre-colonial-manila/|archive-date=July 24, 2015|access-date=December 26, 2020|website=Malacañan Palace: Presidential Museum And Library}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Second millennium AD bhar, kuch basti [[China]] ke niche rahin.<ref name="Scott-1994">{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=William Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15KZU-yMuisC |title=Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society |publisher=[[Ateneo de Manila University Press]] |year=1994 |isbn=978-971-550-135-4 |location=Quezon City, Philippines |author-link=William Henry Scott (historian) |access-date=October 18, 2015 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203072920/https://books.google.com/books?id=15KZU-yMuisC |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Junker-1999" /> Jaada trade aur diplomacy ke kaaran, [[Northern and southern China|Southern]] [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] merchants aur migrants [[Southern Fujian]] se,<ref>{{Cite book |last=San Buena Ventura |first=Fr. Pedro de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8QxAQAAMAAJ |title=Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero |publisher=La Noble Villa de Pila |year=1613 |editor-last=de Silva |editor-first=Juan (Don.) |page=545 |language=[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] & [[Early Modern Spanish]] |quote=Sangley) Langlang (pc) anſi llamauan los viejos deſtos [a los] ſangleyes cuando venian [a tratar] con ellos |trans-quote=Sangley) Langlang (pc) this is what the elderlies called [the] Sangleyes when they came [to deal] with them}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=San Buena Ventura |first=Fr. Pedro de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8QxAQAAMAAJ |title=Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero |publisher=La Noble Villa de Pila |year=1613 |editor-last=de Silva |editor-first=Juan (Don.) |page=170 |language=[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] & [[Early Modern Spanish]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/metsnav/common/navigate.do?pn=1&size=large&oid=VAB8326 |title=Boxer Codex (Manila Manuscript) |others=[[Boxer Codex]], once kept by Sir [[C. R. Boxer]] |year=1590s |location=Manila |pages=415 [PDF] / 204 [As Written] |language=[[Early Modern Spanish]] & [[Philippine Hokkien|Early Manila Hokkien]] |via=[[Indiana University]] Digital Library, as digitized from the [[Lilly Library]] |access-date=March 24, 2024 |archive-date=March 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324113344/https://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/metsnav/common/navigate.do?pn=1&size=large&oid=VAB8326 |url-status=live}}</ref> aae ke ii islands me rahe lagin, aur ii log natives log ke saathe mix hoe lagin.. Indian ke sankriti, jaise ki bhasa aur dharam ke influence Philippines me 14th century me faela, Indianized Hindu [[Majapahit|Majapahit Empire]] se.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Philippines |encyclopedia=Concise Encyclopedia of World History |publisher=[[Atlantic Books|Atlantic Publishers & Distributors]] |location=New Delhi, India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC |last=Ramirez-Faria |first=Carlos |date=2007 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC&pg=PA560 560] |isbn=978-81-269-0775-5 |access-date=February 18, 2023 |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117131629/https://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Evangelista |first=Alfredo E. |date=1965 |title=Identifying Some Intrusive Archaeological Materials Found in Philippine Proto-historic Sites |url=https://asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-03-01-1965/Evangelista.pdf |journal=Asian Studies: Journal of Critical Perspectives on Asia |publisher=[[University of the Philippines Asian Center|Asian Center]], [[University of the Philippines]] |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=87–88 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429072742/https://asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-03-01-1965/Evangelista.pdf |archive-date=April 29, 2023 |access-date=April 29, 2023}}</ref> 15th century talak Islam [[Sulu Archipelago]] me aapan adda jamae ke huan se aur bagal faela.<ref name="deGraaf-1977" /> 10th aur 16th centuries ke biich me bane waala basti me [[Maynila (historical polity)|Maynila]],<ref name="Ring-1996">{{Cite book |last1=Ring |first1=Trudy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vWLRxJEU49EC |title=International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania |last2=Salkin |first2=Robert M. |last3=La Boda |first3=Sharon |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-1-884964-04-6 |location=Chicago, Ill. |pages=565–569 |name-list-style=amp |access-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203072922/https://books.google.com/books?id=vWLRxJEU49EC |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tondo (historical polity)|Tondo]], [[Namayan]], [[Pangasinan (historical polity)|Pangasinan]], [[Caboloan]], [[Cebu (historical state)|Cebu]], [[Butuan (historical polity)|Butuan]], [[Sultanate of Maguindanao|Maguindanao]], [[Confederate States of Lanao|Lanao]], [[Sultanate of Sulu|Sulu]], aur [[Ma-i]] rahaa.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/historical-atlas-of-the-republic/page/n65/mode/2up |title=Historical Atlas of the Republic |date=2016 |publisher=[[Presidential Communications Group|Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office]] |isbn=978-971-95551-6-2 |editor-last=Quezon |editor-first=Manuel L. III |editor-link=Manolo Quezon |location=Manila, Philippines |page=64 |editor-last2=Goitia |editor-first2=Pocholo}}</ref> Suruu ke basti me tiin -tier ke social structure rahaa: nobility, freemen, aur dependent debtor-bondsmen.<ref name="Junker-1999" /><ref name="Wernstedt-1967">{{cite book |last1=Wernstedt |first1=Frederick L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Pn0Pfh1Cl0C |title=The Philippine Island World: A Physical, Cultural, and Regional Geography |last2=Spencer |first2=Joseph Earle |date=January 1967 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |location=Berkeley, Calif. |isbn=978-0-520-03513-3 |access-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203072939/https://books.google.com/books?id=6Pn0Pfh1Cl0C |url-status=live}}</ref> Raj kare waala log me neta rahin jaise [[datu]]s, jon groups ([[Barangay state|barangays]] or dulohan) pe raj karat rahin.<ref>{{cite book |last=Arcilla |first=José S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uxEYobbU-D8C |title=An Introduction to Philippine History |date=1998 |edition=Fourth enlarged |publisher=[[Ateneo de Manila University Press]] |location=Quezon City, Philippines |isbn=978-971-550-261-0 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uxEYobbU-D8C&pg=PA15 15]}}</ref> Jab barangays saathe hoe ke barraa basti banaawat rahin ,<ref name="Junker-1999" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Decasa |first=George C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYNqz-1ayssC |title=The Qur'anic Concept of Umma and Its Function in Philippine Muslim Society |series=Interreligious and Intercultural Investigations |volume=1 |date=1999 |publisher=[[Pontificia Università Gregoriana]] |location=Rome, Italy |isbn=978-88-7652-812-5 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hYNqz-1ayssC&pg=PA328 328] |language=en |access-date=February 18, 2023 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203074637/https://books.google.com/books?id=hYNqz-1ayssC |url-status=live}}</ref> tab uske neta ke "[[Paramount rulers in early Philippine history|paramount datu]]" maana jaawat rahaa,<ref name="Newson">{{cite book |last=Newson |first=Linda A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A40BEAAAQBAJ |title=Conquest and Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines |date=April 16, 2009 |publisher=[[University of Hawaiʻi Press]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |isbn=978-0-8248-6197-1 |access-date=February 5, 2021 |archive-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308195926/https://books.google.com/books?id=A40BEAAAQBAJ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Legarda-2001" /> [[rajah]] or [[sultan]],<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Carley |editor-first1=Michael |editor-last2=Jenkins |editor-first2=Paul |editor-last3=Smith |editor-first3=Harry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ycT9AQAAQBAJ |title=Urban Development and Civil Society: The Role of Communities in Sustainable Cities |year=2013 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Sterling, Va. |isbn=978-1-134-20050-4 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ycT9AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA108 108] |chapter=Chapter 7 |orig-date=2001 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317140423/https://books.google.com/books?id=ycT9AQAAQBAJ |url-status=live}}</ref> aur janata pe raj karat rahaa .<ref>{{cite book |last=Tan |first=Samuel K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pw5FWmdNmj8C |title=A History of the Philippines |date=2008 |publisher=[[University of the Philippines Press]] |location=Quezon City, Philippines |isbn=978-971-542-568-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=pw5FWmdNmj8C&pg=PA37 37] |author-link1=Samuel K. Tan}}</ref> 15th aur 16th century ii islands ke population density bahut kamti rahaa<ref name="Newson" /> jiske kaaran rahaa [[Typhoon#Frequency|frequency of typhoons]] aur Philippines ke location, Pacific [[Ring of Fire]] me.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bankoff |first1=Greg |editor-last1=Boomgaard |editor-first1=Peter |title=A World of Water: Rain, Rivers and Seas in Southeast Asian Histories |series=Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde |volume=240 |publisher=[[KITLV Press]] |location=Leiden, Netherlands |isbn=978-90-04-25401-5 |date=January 1, 2007 |pages=153–184 |chapter=Storms of history: Water, hazard and society in the Philippines: 1565-1930 |jstor=10.1163/j.ctt1w76vd0.9 |jstor-access=free}}</ref> Portuguese explorer [[Ferdinand Magellan]] 1521 me aais aur ii islands ke Spain ke khaatir claim karis, lekin uske [[Lapulapu]]'s log [[Battle of Mactan]] me maar de rahin.<ref name="Woods-2006">{{cite book |last=Woods |first=Damon L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Z-n_kDTxf0C |title=The Philippines: A Global Studies Handbook |date=2006 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |location=Santa Barbara, Calif. |isbn=978-1-85109-675-6 |language=en |author-link1=Damon Woods |access-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203073501/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Z-n_kDTxf0C |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Guillermo-2012">{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Guillermo |first=Artemio R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmgX9M_yETIC |title=Historical Dictionary of the Philippines |edition=Third |series=Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East |date=2012 |publisher=[[The Scarecrow Press]] |location=Lanham, Md. |isbn=978-0-8108-7246-2 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203073356/https://books.google.com/books?id=wmgX9M_yETIC |url-status=live}}</ref> === Spain aur America ke colonial raj (1565–1934) === [[File:Vista del Puente de Manila (1847).png|alt=See caption|thumb|[[Manila]], 1847]] Philippines ke unification aur colonization uu time suruu bhais jab Spanish explorer [[Miguel López de Legazpi]], [[New Spain]] se 1565 me aais.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wing |first=J.T. |title=Roots of Empire: Forests and State Power in Early Modern Spain, c.1500–1750 |publisher=Brill |series=Brill's Series in the History of the Environment |year=2015 |isbn=978-90-04-26137-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7dQuBgAAQBAJ |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=7dQuBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA109 109] |quote=At the time of Miguel López de Legazpi's voyage in 1564-5, the Philippines were not a unified polity or nation. |access-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-date=January 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128213911/https://books.google.com/books?id=7dQuBgAAQBAJ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Arthur L. |title=Higher Education in the Philippines |series=Bulletin |date=1961 |issue=29 |url=http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED544128.pdf |publisher=[[Office of Education]], [[United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare]] |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=<!-- ISBN unspecified --> |oclc=755650 |page=7 |access-date=April 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413085104/http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED544128.pdf |archive-date=April 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name="deBorja-2005">{{cite book |last=de Borja |first=Marciano R. |url=https://b-ok.cc/book/2577458/ffb6ff |title=Basques In The Philippines |series=The Basque Series |date=2005 |publisher=[[University of Nevada Press]] |location=Reno, Nev. |isbn=978-0-87417-590-5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326224340/https://b-ok.cc/book/2577458/ffb6ff |archive-date=March 26, 2022 |access-date=April 25, 2023 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326224340/https://b-ok.cc/book/2577458/ffb6ff |date=March 26, 2022 }}</ref> Dher [[Filipinos]] ke New Spain me force kar ke boat me kaam kar ke laawa gais rahaa,<ref>{{cite book |last=Seijas |first=Tatiana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCWjAwAAQBAJ |title=Asian Slaves in Colonial Mexico: From Chinos to Indians |series=Cambridge Latin American Studies |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2014 |location=New York, N.Y. |isbn=978-1-107-06312-9 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=YCWjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA36 36] |chapter=The Diversity and Reach of the Manila Slave Market |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCWjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 |access-date=March 19, 2023 |archive-date=February 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213113750/https://books.google.com/books?id=YCWjAwAAQBAJ |url-status=live}}</ref> jab dher [[Latin American Asian|Latin Americans]] ke Philippines sipahi aur colonists ke ruup me laawa gais rahaa.<ref>[https://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/431623 "Orden de enviar hombres a Filipinas desde México" (Consejo de Indias España)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104042736/https://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/431623 |date=2025-01-04 }}(English Translation from Spanish original: "Royal Decree to the Count of Coruña, Viceroy of New Spain, informing him that, according to information from Captain Gabriel de Rivera who came from the Philippines, on a journey made by Governor Gonzalo Ronquillo to the Cagayan River some Spaniards were lost, and that to make up for this lack and populate these islands it was necessary to take up to two hundred men to them. The viceroy is ordered to attend to this request and send them from New Spain, in addition to another two hundred that were entrusted to him from Lisbon."</ref> Philippines, Latin American ke asia me khaali ek district rahaa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=West Coast of the Island Of Luzon {{pipe}} Tourist Attractions |url=http://www.livinginthephilippines.com/travel-guides/getting-to-philippines/979-tourist-attraction-city-of-manila |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206200644/http://www.livinginthephilippines.com/travel-guides/getting-to-philippines/979-tourist-attraction-city-of-manila |archive-date=December 6, 2016 |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Colonial Latin Asia? The case for incorporating the Philippines and the Spanish Pacific into colonial Latin American studies|first=Kristie|last=Patricia Flannery|date=April 3, 2023|journal=Colonial Latin American Review|volume=32|issue=2|pages=235–242|doi=10.1080/10609164.2023.2205233|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Intramuros|Spanish Manila]], [[Captaincy General of the Philippines]] aur [[Spanish East Indies]] ke capital 1571 me banaa,<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Beaule |editor-first1=Christine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1cfcDwAAQBAJ |title=The Global Spanish Empire: Five Hundred Years of Place Making and Pluralism |editor-last2=Douglass |editor-first2=John G. |date=April 21, 2020 |publisher=[[University of Arizona Press]] |location=Tucson, Ariz. |isbn=978-0-8165-4084-6 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1cfcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA204 204] |language=en |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321081230/https://books.google.com/books?id=1cfcDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Santiago |first=Fernando A. Jr. |year=2006 |title=Isang Maikling Kasaysayan ng Pandacan, Maynila 1589–1898 |trans-title=A Short History of Pandacan, Manila 1589–1898 |url=https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=7887 |url-status=live |journal=Malay |language=fil |publisher=[[De La Salle University]] |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=70–87 |issn=2243-7851 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821002744/https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=7887 |archive-date=August 21, 2020 |access-date=July 18, 2008 |via=Philippine E-Journals}}</ref> <ref>{{cite book |last=Andrade |first=Tonio |url=http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/ |title=How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish and Han colonialization in the Seventeenth Century |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-231-12855-1 |year=2005 |chapter=Chapter 4: La Isla Hermosa: The Rise of the Spanish Colony in Northern Taiwan |author-link=Tonio Andrade |chapter-url=http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/andrade04.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071121160327/http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/andrade04.html |archive-date=November 21, 2007 |via=Gutenberg-e}}</ref> Spanish log local states ke [[divide and rule|divide and conquer]] principle kae kaam me laae ke, invade kare rahin ,<ref name="Guillermo-2012" /> aur ii rakam se , jon abhi ke Philippines hae ke ek unified administration ke niche kar liin.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Giráldez |first1=Arturo |title=The Age of Trade: The Manila Galleons and the Dawn of the Global Economy |date=March 19, 2015 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |location=Lanham, Md. |isbn=978-1-4422-4352-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=6mCGBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2 2] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6mCGBwAAQBAJ |language=en |access-date=April 2, 2023 |archive-date=April 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402112011/https://books.google.com/books?id=6mCGBwAAQBAJ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Acabado |first=Stephen |date=March 1, 2017 |title=The Archaeology of Pericolonialism: Responses of the "Unconquered" to Spanish Conquest and Colonialism in Ifugao, Philippines |url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt3tp1p8m3/qt3tp1p8m3.pdf?t=qa7wdn |journal=[[International Journal of Historical Archaeology]] |publisher=[[Springer New York]] |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=1–26 |doi=10.1007/s10761-016-0342-9 |s2cid=254541436 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106150313/https://escholarship.org/content/qt3tp1p8m3/qt3tp1p8m3.pdf?t=qa7wdn |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |via=Springer Link}}</ref> Alag-alag barangay ke jaan ke ek town me karaa gais rahaa , jahaan pe Catholic missionaries sahaj me log ke [[Isai dharam]] me convert kare sake,<ref name="Abinales-2005">{{cite book |last1=Abinales |first1=Patricio N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xiOQdEzgP9kC |title=State and Society in the Philippines |last2=Amoroso |first2=Donna J. |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |location=Lanham, Md. |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7425-1024-1 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203073346/https://books.google.com/books?id=xiOQdEzgP9kC |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Constantino |first1=Renato |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kdhWCgAAQBAJ |title=A History of the Philippines: From the Spanish Colonization to the Second World War |last2=Constantino |first2=Letizia R. |publisher=[[Monthly Review Press]] |location=New York, N.Y. |year=1975 |isbn=978-0-85345-394-9 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=kdhWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA58 58–59] |author-link1=Renato Constantino |access-date=January 19, 2021 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203073504/https://books.google.com/books?id=kdhWCgAAQBAJ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schumacher |first1=John N. |title=Syncretism in Philippine Catholicism: Its Historical Causes |journal=[[Philippine Studies (journal)|Philippine Studies]] |volume=32 |issue=3 |publisher=[[Ateneo de Manila University Press]] |location=Quezon City, Philippines |date=1984 |page=254 |url=http://philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/3833/4054 |issn=2244-1093 |oclc=6015358201 |jstor=42632710 |author-link1=John N. Schumacher |access-date=October 5, 2023 |archive-date=October 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006144446/http://philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/3833/4054 |url-status=live |archivedate=October 6, 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006144446/http://philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/3833/4054 }}</ref> [[Christianization]], Spanish friars se, jaada kar ke basaa gais lowlands me bhais. 1565 se 1821 talak, Philippines ke [[Mexico City]] ke ek territory ke ruup me govern karaa jaawat rahaa- jon New Spain ke vice royality rahaa; lekin [[Mexican War of Independence]] ke baad iske directly [[Madrid]] se administer karaa gais rahaa .<ref name="Halili-2004">{{cite book |last=Halili |first=Maria Christine N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gUt5v8ET4QYC |title=Philippine History |publisher=[[REX Book Store, Inc.]] |location=Manila, Philippines |year=2004 |edition=First |isbn=978-971-23-3934-9 |access-date=May 23, 2020 |archive-date=December 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230123021/https://books.google.com/books?id=gUt5v8ET4QYC |url-status=live}}</ref>Manila [[Spanish treasure fleet|trans-Pacific trade]] ke western hub ban gais rahaa<ref>{{cite book |last=Kane |first=Herb Kawainui |title=Hawaiʻ Chronicles: Island History from the Pages of Honolulu Magazine |publisher=[[University of Hawaiʻi Press]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-8248-1829-6 |editor-last=Bob Dye |volume=I |pages=25–32 |chapter=The Manila Galleons |author-link=Herb Kawainui Kane}}</ref> <ref>{{cite report |type=Conference proceeding |last=Bolunia |first=Mary Jane Louise A. |chapter=Astilleros: the Spanish shipyards of Sorsogon |chapter-url=http://www.themua.org/collections/files/original/34a74c76efdb951655b9bde1213812dc.pdf |title=Proceedings of the 2014 Asia-Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Conference; Session 5: Early Modern Colonialism in the Asia-Pacific Region |url=http://www.themua.org/collections/collections/show/13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413233643/http://www.themua.org/collections/files/original/34a74c76efdb951655b9bde1213812dc.pdf |archive-date=April 13, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2015 |publisher=Asia-Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Planning Committee |page=1 |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |oclc=892536655 |via=The Museum of Underwater Archaeology}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=McCarthy |first=William J. |date=December 1, 1995 |title=The Yards at Cavite: Shipbuilding in the Early Colonial Philippines |journal=[[International Journal of Maritime History]] |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=149–162 |doi=10.1177/084387149500700208 |s2cid=163709949}}</ref> == Duusra websites == === Official websites === * [http://www.gov.ph www.gov.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101105754/http://www.gov.ph/ |date=2012-01-01 }} - Government portal * [http://www.op.gov.ph www.op.gov.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609185330/http://www.op.gov.ph/ |date=2007-06-09 }} - Office of the President * [http://www.senate.gov.ph www.senate.gov.ph] - Senate * [http://www.congress.gov.ph www.congress.gov.ph] - House of Representatives * [http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph www.supremecourt.gov.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512084154/http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph/ |date=2008-05-12 }} - Supreme Court * [http://www.comelec.gov.ph www.comelec.gov.ph] - Commission on Elections === News websites === * [http://www.inq7.net Philippine Daily Inquirer and GMA News] * [http://www.abs-cbnnews.com ABS-CBN News] * [http://www.philstar.com Philippine Star] * [http://www.mb.com.ph The Manila Bulletin Online] * [http://www.manilatimes.net The Manila Times Online] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph Sun Star Network Online] * [http://www.tribune.net.ph The Daily Tribune Online] * [http://www.malaya.com.ph Malaya Online] * [http://www.today.net.ph Today Online] * [http://www.kabayanonline.com Kabayan Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018220647/http://www.kabayanonline.com/ |date=2019-10-18 }} === Aurr === * [http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Asia/Philippines/ Open Directory Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040819050600/http://dmoz.org/Regional/Asia/Philippines/ |date=2004-08-19 }} * [http://www.filipinotvchannel.com The Filipino Channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712052253/http://www.filipinotvchannel.com/ |date=2009-07-12 }} - Satellite TV from the Philippines [[vibhag:Philippines| ]] [[vibhag:ASEAN ke member]] [[vibhag:English bhasa waala des]] 8hlznb7cimtwftx8a55vcrs4n0w77do 0 9588 335778 323161 2026-06-09T08:16:02Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 335778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Suraj | image = [[File:The Sun in white light.jpg|300px|frameless|alt=White glowing ball with black sunspots]] | caption = Suraj ke clear solar filter se dekha jaae hae<!--no need to add more, for consistency with other planets and minor planets infobox--> | labelstyle = background: inherit; | label1 = Naam | data1 = Suraj, [[Sol (Roman mythology)|Sol]], [[Sól (Germanic mythology)|Sól]], [[Helios]] | label2 = Adjectives | data2 = Solar | label3 = Chinh | data3 = [[File:Sun symbol (bold).svg|24px|alt=Circle with dot in the middle|class=skin-invert]] | header4 = Observation data | label5 = Dunia se duuri | data5 = {{val|1|ul=AU}}<br />149,600,000 km<br />8&nbsp;min 19&nbsp;s, [[speed of light|light speed]]<ref name="Pitjeva2009">{{Cite journal |last1=Pitjeva |first1=E. V. |last2=Standish |first2=E. M. |year=2009 |title=Proposals for the masses of the three largest asteroids, the Moon–Earth mass ratio and the Astronomical Unit |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1000691 |url-status=live |journal=[[Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy]] |volume=103 |issue=4 |pages=365–372 |bibcode=2009CeMDA.103..365P |doi=10.1007/s10569-009-9203-8 |issn=1572-9478 |s2cid=121374703 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709062657/https://zenodo.org/record/1000691 |archive-date=9 July 2019 |access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref> | label6 = {{longitem|[[Apparent magnitude|Visual brightness]]}} | data6 = −26.74 (''V'')<ref name="nssdc">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=D. R. |date=1 July 2013 |title=Sun Fact Sheet |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715200549/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html |archive-date=15 July 2010 |access-date=12 August 2013 |publisher=[[NASA Goddard Space Flight Center]]}}</ref> | label7 = {{longitem|[[Absolute magnitude]]}} | data7 = 4.83<ref name="nssdc" /> | label8 = {{longitem|[[Stellar classification|Spectral classification]]}} | data8 = G2V<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zombeck |first=Martin V. |url=http://ads.harvard.edu/books/hsaa/ |title=Handbook of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics 2nd edition |year=1990 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |access-date=13 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203012304/http://ads.harvard.edu/books/hsaa/ |archive-date=3 February 2021 |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203012304/http://ads.harvard.edu/books/hsaa/ |date=3 February 2021 }}</ref> | label9 = [[Metallicity]] | data9 = ''Z'' = 0.0122<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Asplund |first1=M. |last2=Grevesse |first2=N. |last3=Sauval |first3=A. J. |year=2006 |title=The new solar abundances – Part I: the observations |journal=Communications in Asteroseismology |volume=147 |pages=76–79 |bibcode=2006CoAst.147...76A |doi=10.1553/cia147s76 |s2cid=123824232 |doi-access=free| issn = 1021-2043}}</ref> | label10 = [[Angular size]] | data10 = 0.527–0.545°<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eclipse 99: Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://education.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/pages/faq.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527142627/http://education.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/pages/faq.html |archive-date=27 May 2010 |access-date=24 October 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> | header11 = Orbital characteristics | label12 = {{longitem|Mean distance from [[Milky Way]] core}} | data12 = 24,000 to 28,000 [[light-year]]s<ref name="francis14">{{cite journal |last1=Francis |first1=Charles |last2=Anderson |first2=Erik |date=June 2014 |title=Two estimates of the distance to the Galactic Centre |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=441 |issue=2 |pages=1105–1114 |arxiv=1309.2629 |bibcode=2014MNRAS.441.1105F |doi=10.1093/mnras/stu631 |doi-access=free |s2cid=119235554}}</ref> | label13 = [[Galactic year|Galactic period]] | data13 = 225–250 million [[julian year (astronomy)|years]] | label14 = [[Velocity]] | data14 = {{indented plainlist| <!-- -->*251 km/s<br />orbit [[Galactic Center]] <!-- -->*20 km/s<br />to stellar neighborhood <!-- -->*370 km/s<br />to [[cosmic microwave background]]<ref>{{Cite journal | display-authors=5 | last1=Hinshaw | first1=G. | last2=Weiland | first2=J. L. | last3=Hill | first3=R. S. | last4=Odegard | first4=N. | last5=Larson | first5=D. | last6=Bennett | first6=C. L. | last7=Dunkley | first7=J. | last8=Gold | first8=B. | last9=Greason | first9=M. R. | last10=Jarosik | first10=N. | last11=Komatsu | first11=E. | last12=Nolta | first12=M. R. | last13=Page | first13=L. | last14=Spergel | first14=D. N. | last15=Wollack | first15=E. | last16=Halpern | first16=M. | last17=Kogut | first17=A. | last18=Limon | first18=M. | last19=Meyer | first19=S. S. | last20=Tucker | first20=G. S. | last21=Wright | first21=E. L. |year=2009 |title=Five-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe observations: data processing, sky maps, and basic results |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series]] |volume=180 |issue=2 |pages=225–245 |arxiv=0803.0732 |bibcode=2009ApJS..180..225H |doi=10.1088/0067-0049/180/2/225 |s2cid=3629998}}</ref> }} | label15 = [[Axial tilt|Obliquity]] | data15 = {{unbulleted list| |7.25° ([[ecliptic]])<ref name=nssdc /> |67.23° ([[galactic plane]]) }} | label16 = {{longitem|[[Right ascension]] North pole}} | data16 = 286.13° (286° 7′ 48″)<ref name="nssdc" /> | label17 = {{longitem|[[Declination]] of North pole}} | data17 = +63.87° (63° 52′ 12"N)<ref name="nssdc" /> | label18 = {{longitem|Sidereal [[Solar rotation|rotation period]]}} | data18 = {{unbulleted list |25.05 days (equator) |34.4 days (poles)<ref name=nssdc /><!-- derived from T = ( 14.37 − 2.33 sin^2 L − 1.56 sin^4 L ) °/day, L = 90° --> }} | label19 = {{longitem|Equatorial rotation velocity}} | data19 = {{val|1.997|u=km/s}}<ref name="sse">{{Cite web |title=Solar System Exploration: Planets: Sun: Facts & Figures |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sun&Display=Facts&System=Metric |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102034758/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sun&Display=Facts&System=Metric |archive-date=2 January 2008 |publisher=NASA}}</ref><!-- Derived from NASA source: equatorial circumference of 4,379,000 kilometers divided by sidereal rotation period of 609.12 hours; maybe this kind of basic calculation could be done in some generic template code? --> | header20 = Physical characteristics | label21 = {{longitem|Equatorial [[radius]]}} | data21 = {{val|6.957|e=8|u=m}}<ref name="IAU2015resB3">{{Cite journal |last1=Prša |first1=Andrej |last2=Harmanec |first2=Petr |last3=Torres |first3=Guillermo |last4=Mamajek |first4=Eric |last5=Asplund |first5=Martin |last6=Capitaine |first6=Nicole |last7=Christensen-Dalsgaard |first7=Jørgen |last8=Depagne |first8=Éric |last9=Haberreiter |first9=Margit |last10=Hekker |first10=Saskia |last11=Hilton |first11=James |last12=Kopp |first12=Greg |last13=Kostov |first13=Veselin |last14=Kurtz |first14=Donald W. |last15=Laskar |first15=Jacques |display-authors=3 |date=2016-08-01 |title=NOMINAL VALUES FOR SELECTED SOLAR AND PLANETARY QUANTITIES: IAU 2015 RESOLUTION B3 * † |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=152 |issue=2 |pages=41 |doi=10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/41 |issn=0004-6256 |arxiv=1510.07674 |last16=Laskar |first16=J. |last17=Mason |first17=B. D. |last18=Milone |first18=E. F. |last19=Montgomery |first19=M. M. |last20=Richards |first20=M. T. |last21=Schou |first21=J. |last22=Stewart |first22=S. G.|doi-access=free }}</ref><br />{{val|109|u=× [[Earth radius|Earth radii]]}}<ref name=sse /> | label23 = [[Flattening]] | data23 = 0.00005<ref name="nssdc" /> | label24 = [[Surface area]] | data24 = {{val|6.09|e=12|u=km2}}<br />{{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|12000}}}} × Earth<ref name=sse /> | label25 = [[Volume]] | data25 = {{unbulleted list |{{val|1.412|e=18|u=km3}} |{{val|fmt=commas|1300000}} × Earth }} | label26 = [[Mass]] | data26 = {{unbulleted list |{{val|1.9885|e=30|u=kg}}<ref name="nssdc" /> |{{val|fmt=commas|332950|u=[[Earth mass|Earths]]}}<ref name=nssdc /><!-- NASA Sun Fact Sheet states 333,000, a figure coherent with data already present in en.wiki --> }} | label27 = Average [[density]] | data27 = {{val|1.408|u=g/cm3}}<br />{{val|0.255}} × Earth<ref name=nssdc /><ref name=sse /> | label28 = Age | data28 = 4.6 billion years<ref name="Bonanno">{{Cite journal |last1=Bonanno |first1=A. |last2=Schlattl |first2=H. |last3=Paternò |first3=L. |year=2002 |title=The age of the Sun and the relativistic corrections in the EOS |journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]] |volume=390 |issue=3 |pages=1115–1118 |arxiv=astro-ph/0204331 |bibcode=2002A&A...390.1115B |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20020749 |s2cid=119436299}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Connelly |first1=J. N. |last2=Bizzarro |first2=M. |last3=Krot |first3=A. N. |last4=Nordlund |first4=Å. |last5=Wielandt |first5=D. |last6=Ivanova |first6=M. A. |date=2 November 2012 |title=The Absolute Chronology and Thermal Processing of Solids in the Solar Protoplanetary Disk |journal=Science |volume=338 |issue=6107 |pages=651–655 |bibcode=2012Sci...338..651C |doi=10.1126/science.1226919 |pmid=23118187 |s2cid=21965292}}{{Registration required}}</ref> | label29 = {{longitem|Equatorial [[surface gravity]]}} | data29 = {{val|274|u=m/s2}}<ref name=nssdc /><br />{{cvt|274|m/s2|g0|disp=out|lk=out}}<ref name=sse /> | label30 = {{longitem|[[Moment of inertia factor]]}} | data30 = ≈{{val|0.070}}<ref name=nssdc /> | label31 = {{longitem|Surface [[escape velocity]]}} | data31 = {{val|617.7|u=km/s}}<br />55 × Earth<ref name=sse /> | label32 = Temperature | data32 = {{unbulleted list| |15,700,000 [[Kelvin|K]] (center)<ref name=nssdc /> |5,772 K ([[photosphere]])<ref name="IAU2015resB3"/> |5,000,000 K ([[Solar corona|corona]]) }} | label33 = [[Luminosity]] | data33 = {{unbulleted list| |{{val|3.828|e=26|ul=W}}<ref name=nssdc /> |{{val|3.75|e=28|u=[[lumen (unit)|lm]]}} |{{val|98|u=lm/W}} [[Luminous efficacy|efficacy]] }} | label34 = [[Color index|Color]] (B-V) | data34 = 0.656<ref>{{cite journal | first=David F. | last=Gray | title=The Inferred Color Index of the Sun | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific | volume=104 | issue=681 | pages=1035–1038 | date=November 1992 | doi=10.1086/133086 | bibcode=1992PASP..104.1035G }}</ref> | label35 = Mean [[radiance]] | data35 = {{val|2.009|e=7|u=W·m⁻²·sr⁻¹}} | label37 = {{longitem|[[Photosphere]] composition by mass}} | data37 = {{unbulleted list| | 73.46% [[hydrogen]] | 24.85% [[helium]] | 0.77% [[oxygen]] | 0.29% [[carbon]] | 0.16% [[iron]] | 0.12% [[neon]] | 0.09% [[nitrogen]] | 0.07% [[silicon]] | 0.05% [[magnesium]] | 0.04% [[sulfur]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sun's Vital Statistics |url=http://solar-center.stanford.edu/vitalstats.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BOkQXma3?url=http://solar-center.stanford.edu/vitalstats.html |archive-date=14 October 2012 |access-date=29 July 2008 |publisher=Stanford Solar Center}} Citing {{cite book |last=Eddy |first=J. |date=1979 |title=A New Sun: The Solar Results From Skylab |url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/contents.htm |page=37 |publisher=NASA |id=NASA SP-402 |access-date=12 July 2017 |archive-date=30 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730024856/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/contents.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> }} }} [[File:India Goa Fort Chapora Chapora River.jpg|thumb|The Sun as it is seen from [[Earth]].]] '''Suraj''' (pratiik: [[File:Sun symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|☉]]) ek [[tara]] hae aur [[saur mandal]] (solar system) me sab se baraa chij hae. Isme solar system ke 99.86% wajan hae. Sab se barraa [[grah]], [[Brahaspati|Jupiter]], Suaraj ke saamne bahut chhota hae. Solar system ke grah Suraj ke round chakkar maare hae. Ham log ke Suraj din bhar [[aasmaan]] me dekhae hae. Ii ek barraa piyar ball ke rakam dekhe me lage hae. Suraj asliyat me ek barraa taara hae jisme plasma sab time bubble hoe hae. Ii explosion se etna energy nikle hae ki Suraj ke 1 second ke power [[United States]] ke 9 million saal talak power kare sake hae. Jab ki Suraj, dunia se 93 million miles (150 million km) duur hae, iske taagat ke ham log feel karta hae. {{Solar System}} [[vibhag:S]] [[vibhag:1000 khaas Fiji Hindi sabd]] [[vibhag:Suraj| ]] qg7wsa3dfsax867ocjdfea35r1ijgzp 0 52057 335774 301754 2026-06-09T00:33:32Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 335774 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Estela de Carlotto''' (byoonas aayars, janm 22 aktoobar 1930) ek [[Argentina]] maanavaadhikaar kaaryakarta aur plaaja de meyo kee daadee ke sangh ke adhyaksh hain. unakee ek betee, laura estela kaarloto ka 1977 ke ant mein byoonas aayars mein garbhavatee hone par apaharan kar liya gaya tha aur laapata ho gaee thee. kahaaniyon ke maadhyam se, vah yah pata laga sakatee thee ki usakee betee ne ek ladake ko janm diya tha, aur usake pote ko viniyojit kiya gaya tha aur usakee pahachaan badal gaee thee. usane lagabhag 36 varshon tak usakee talaash kee, 5 agast 2014 ko, sambandhit vyakti dvaara svechchha se kie gae deeene jaanch ke baad, usake pote kee pahachaan kee gaee, aur baraamad pote kee soochee mein 114 vaan ban gaya. kaarloto ko plaaza de meyo (abuelas dee plaaja de meyo) kee daadee ke saath apane kaam ke lie kaee puraskaar mile hain, jisamen maanavaadhikaaron ke kshetr mein sanyukt raashtr puraskaar aur yoonesko dvaara sammaanit pheliks hauphauet-bogne shaanti puraskaar shaamil hain. 2015 mein, unhen beebeesee kee 100 mahilaon mein se ek ke roop mein soocheebaddh kiya gaya tha. enariketa estela baarns ka janm 22 aktoobar 1930 ko byoonas aayars mein angrejee mool ke ek parivaar mein hua tha. usane itaalavee mool ke ek audyogik majadoor guido kaarloto se shaadee kee, jisake saath usake chaar bachche the. vah praathamik vidyaalay kee shikshika theen. 1970 ke dashak mein, jab sv-niyukt naagarik-sainy taanaashaahee raashtreey punargathan prakriya ne desh par shaasan kiya (1976-1983), unake teen bachche raajaneeti mein shaamil the: lora estela, neshanal yoonivarsitee of la plaata mein itihaas kee chhaatra, ugravaadee peronijm mein, klaudiya peronist yoonivarsitee yooth se sambandhit thee aur guido miguel ne apane haee skool ke chhaatr kendr ko ekeekrt kiya. 5 agast, 1977 ko, sashastr balon ne usake pati ka apaharan aur atyaachaar kiya, jise 40 miliyan peso (us samay 30,000 dolar ke baraabar) ke bhugataan ke baad mukt kar diya gaya tha. kaarloto aur any baraamad daadee aur pote 2011 mein peris mein miguel enjel estrela ke ghar mein raashtrapati kristeena kirachanar ke saath ekatr hue navambar 1977 ke ant mein, laura, jo teen maheene kee garbhavatee thee, ka apaharan kar liya gaya aur agast 1978 ke ant tak la plaata mein la kaacha ke gupt hiraasat kendr mein le jaaya gaya. bachche ke janm se kuchh samay pahale, use ek anirdisht sthaan par le jaaya gaya - vivaad hain kis sthaan par- aur 26 joon, 1978 ko janm diya. ekatr kie gae kuchh pramaanon ne nirdhaarit kiya ki yah sthaan byoonas aayars mein sainy aspataal ho sakata hai. lekin usake bachche kee asalee pahachaan kee bahaalee se, is baat ka prabal sandeh hai ki bachche ka janm la kaacha ke aasapaas ya byoonas aayars praant ke ek aspataal mein hua hoga. Estela de Carlotto ne apanee betee kee svatantrata kee vyavastha kee, aur janaral renaaldo bignon se milane aae, jinhonne use bataaya ki laura jeevit nahin rahegee. aprail 1978 mein, kaid mein unakee betee ke ek saathee ne use soochit kiya ki laura abhee bhee jeevit aur garbhavatee thee.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1715975-estela-de-carlotto-recupero-a-su-nieto-guido-tras-35-anos-de-busqueda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2018-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330225530/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/1715975-estela-de-carlotto-recupero-a-su-nieto-guido-tras-35-anos-de-busqueda |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.minutouno.com/notas/332120-ignacio-hurban-el-nieto-recuperado-numero-114-el-nieto-estela-carlotto</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.infojusnoticias.gov.ar/nacionales/encontraron-al-nieto-de-estela-de-carlotto-5106.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2018-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802011221/http://www.infojusnoticias.gov.ar/nacionales/encontraron-al-nieto-de-estela-de-carlotto-5106.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1715975-estela-de-carlotto-recupero-a-su-nieto-guido |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2018-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802071300/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/1715975-estela-de-carlotto-recupero-a-su-nieto-guido |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sandarbh == {{Reflist}} ir9vjigrtwlwhg42oi23eosy2q2folk 3 55352 335779 335659 2026-06-09T09:24:27Z ~2026-34052-59 40277 335779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Kiiro23}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 08:52, 12 Aprel 2023 (UTC) :Hi @[[sadasya:Kiiro23|Kiiro23]] when you have time, on it.wiki, there should be disambiguation for: [[it:Roman Gómez]]/[[it:Roman Gómez (schermidore)]] ; [[it:Gustavo Vassallo]]/[[it:Gustavo Vassallo (schermidore)]] ; [[it:Andrea Zanotti]]/[[it:Andrea Zanotti (arbitro)]]. Thanks. [[khaas:Contributions/&#126;2026-32615-37|&#126;2026-32615-37]] ([[sadasya ke baat:&#126;2026-32615-37|talk]]) 07:06, 1 Juun 2026 (UTC) e5rdlrkmj6sv2wpmbbwyh9yufs5yxdk 335780 335779 2026-06-09T09:25:53Z ~2026-34052-59 40277 335780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Kiiro23}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 08:52, 12 Aprel 2023 (UTC) :Hi @[[sadasya:Kiiro23|Kiiro23]] when you have time, on it.wiki, there should be disambiguation for: [[it:Roman Gómez]]/[[it:Roman Gómez (schermidore)]] ; 0omfj314g4196zcq80f6a48tcsjm9ug 335781 335780 2026-06-09T09:26:06Z ~2026-34052-59 40277 /* */ 335781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Kiiro23}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 08:52, 12 Aprel 2023 (UTC) otd59i8nw9gaaceew7adfhcz4xhemw3 335782 335781 2026-06-09T09:27:03Z ~2026-34052-59 40277 /* */ Jawaab do 335782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Kiiro23}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 08:52, 12 Aprel 2023 (UTC) :@[[sadasya:Kiiro23|Kiiro23]] incorrect titles on italian wiki: [[it:Mohamed Toure (calciatore)]] > ambiguous with other footballers in [[it:Mohamed Touré]] and [[it:Vicente de la Mata (1944)]], that should be renamed with (calciatore 1944). [[khaas:Contributions/&#126;2026-34052-59|&#126;2026-34052-59]] ([[sadasya ke baat:&#126;2026-34052-59|talk]]) 09:27, 9 Juun 2026 (UTC) 589twu3xtxrd1vsa4vunjuo0rdz4m3j 335783 335782 2026-06-09T09:45:20Z ~2026-34109-15 40278 /* */ Jawaab do 335783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Kiiro23}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 08:52, 12 Aprel 2023 (UTC) :@[[sadasya:Kiiro23|Kiiro23]] incorrect titles on italian wiki: [[it:Mohamed Toure (calciatore)]] > ambiguous with other footballers in [[it:Mohamed Touré]] and [[it:Vicente de la Mata (1944)]], that should be renamed with (calciatore 1944). [[khaas:Contributions/&#126;2026-34052-59|&#126;2026-34052-59]] ([[sadasya ke baat:&#126;2026-34052-59|talk]]) 09:27, 9 Juun 2026 (UTC) ::@[[sadasya:Kiiro23|Kiiro23]] [[it:Mohamed Toure (calciatore)]] should be renamed with (calciatore 2005) to distinguish from the others. [[khaas:Contributions/&#126;2026-34109-15|&#126;2026-34109-15]] ([[sadasya ke baat:&#126;2026-34109-15|talk]]) 09:45, 9 Juun 2026 (UTC) jfo3avpoqse0a4e6yhcn0tozoaqpfo2 335784 335783 2026-06-09T10:27:26Z ~2026-34002-51 40280 335784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Kiiro23}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 08:52, 12 Aprel 2023 (UTC) :@[[sadasya:Kiiro23|Kiiro23]] incorrect titles on italian wiki: [[it:Mohamed Toure (calciatore)]] > ambiguous with other footballers in [[it:Mohamed Touré]] and [[it:Vicente de la Mata (1944)]], that should be renamed with (calciatore 1944). [[khaas:Contributions/&#126;2026-34052-59|&#126;2026-34052-59]] ([[sadasya ke baat:&#126;2026-34052-59|talk]]) 09:27, 9 Juun 2026 (UTC) 589twu3xtxrd1vsa4vunjuo0rdz4m3j 0 62995 335785 332203 2026-06-09T10:34:39Z ~2026-34003-27 40281 335785 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Rohit Sharma during the India vs Australia 4th Test match at Narendra Modi Stadium.jpg|thumb]] [[file:Flag of India (3-5).svg|thumb]] '''Champions Trophy 2025''' ke finals [[India]] aur [[New Zealand]] ke beech khela jaa raha hai. New Zeland ka pehla batting hai aur 251 runs score kiya hai 7 wicket gaye hai. Mitchel aur Michael 50 runs score kiya gaya hai. Yadav aur Varun ne 2 wicket liye hai. Santner aur Michael ne 2 wicket liye hai aur Sharma ne 76 runs banaya hai aur Iyer ne 48. Li match dubai international cricket stadium mein khela jaa raha hai aur india 4 wicket se jeete aur Rohit Sharma match ke man of the match rahe hai. == References == == Related == Virat Kohli [[vibhag:C]] [[vibhag:cricket]] 82r1bntz5sp0h6kgxychd7yoqh33kx7 0 64255 335787 334157 2026-06-09T11:01:13Z TamizhanEditor 37219 image badlega 335787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Annamalai Kuppusamy | image = K. Annamalai at padayatra.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = Annamalai (2024) | birth_name = Annamalai | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|6|4}}<ref>{{cite web|author=T Muruganandham|date=8 July 2021|title=It's official: Former IPS officer Annamalai Kuppusamy is new chief of Tamil Nadu BJP|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/jul/08/its-official-former-ips-officer-annamalai-kuppusamy-is-new-chief-of-tamil-nadu-bjp-2327372.html|newspaper=The New Indian Express|access-date=1 December 2023|language=en}}</ref> | residence = Karur, Tamil Nadu, Bharat | birth_place = Spttampalalsms | nationality = Bharatiya | citizenship = Bharatiya | office = Rajya Adhyaksh, Bharatiya Janata Party (Tamil Nadu) | predecessor = L. Murugan | successor = Nayanar Nagendran | term_start = 16 July 2021 | term_end = 11 April 2025 | office1 = Upadhyaksh, Bharatiya Janata Party (Tamil Nadu) | term_start1 = 29 August 2020 | term_end1 = 7 July 2021 | profession = Poorv IPS Adhikari <br /> Krishak | alma_mater = PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore <br/> Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow | year = 2021 | occupation = Rajneetigya | parents = Kuppusamy Gounder <br /> Parameswari | spouse = Akhila Swaminathan | children = 2 }} '''Annamalai Kuppusamy''' (Annamalai Kuppusamy; janm: 4 June 2009) ek jana Bharatiya rajneetigya tatha poorv IPS adhikari hain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-kuppusamy-appointed-karnataka-bjp-vice-president20200829224151/|title=Ex-IPS officer Annamalai Kuppusamy appointed Karnataka BJP vice president|date=29 August 2020|work=ANI news|access-date=12 February 2024|archive-date=25 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125091157/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-kuppusamy-appointed-karnataka-bjp-vice-president20200829224151/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessworld.in/article/Ex-IPS-officer-Annamalai-Kuppusamy-appointed-Karnataka-BJP-vice-president-/30-08-2020-314454/|title=Ex-IPS Officer Annamalai Kuppusamy Appointed Karnataka BJP Vice President|date=29 August 2020|work=Businessworld|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> == Prarambhik Jeevan aur Parivaar == Unka janm 1984 June 4 ko Tamil Nadu rajyake Karur jillake Thottampatti gaav me Kongu Vellalar Gounder kisan parivaar me hua tha. Unke pita Kuppusamy aur mata Parameswari hain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-annamalai-was-chosen-over-senior-leaders-lead-bjp-tamil-nadu-152437|title=Why Annamalai was chosen over senior leaders to lead BJP in Tamil Nadu|date=16 July 2021|work=The News Minute|language=en|access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> Unhone Akhila Swaminathan se vivaah kiya hai aur do santaan hain.<ref>{{cite web|date=8 July 2021|title=Meet K Annamalai, the youngest Tamil Nadu BJP president ever|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/meet-k-annamalai-the-youngest-president-tamil-nadu-bjp-ever-11625761349905.html|work=livemint|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205000619/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/meet-k-annamalai-the-youngest-president-tamil-nadu-bjp-ever-11625761349905.html|archive-date=5 February 2024}}</ref> == Shiksha == Unhone prarambhik shiksha Karur aur Namakkal jillon ke vidyalayon me li. Baad me PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore se Mechanical Engineering me snatak kiya. Unhone Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow se MBA bhi kiya. Ve 2011 ke UPSC pariksha mein safal hoke IPS bane.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bluru-dcp-singam-annamalai-quits-says-ips-officers-death-made-him-re-examine-life-102539|title=Bengaluru DCP 'Singam' Annamalai quits, says IPS officer's death made him 're-examine' life|date=25 May 2019|work=The News Minute|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref> Ve Tamil, Angrezi, Kannada aur Hindi bhashao me nipun hain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More|work=Oneindia|language=en|access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref> == Refferences == {{Srot Suchi}} {{Reflist}} [[India ke raashtraadhyakshon kee soochee|India]] [[vibhag:India ke prime minister]] [[vibhag:N]] [[vibhag:India ke politician]] [[vibhag:M]] [[India ke raashtraadhyakshon kee soochee|ke raashtraadhyakshon kee soochee]]<references /> {{BD|1950||Modi, Narendra}} [[Bibhag:1984 janm]] [[Bibhag:jeevit vyakti]] [[Shreni:Bharatiya rajneetigya]] [[Shreni:Bharatiya Police Seva adhikari]] [[Shreni:Tamil Nadu ke vyakti]] cz63rjvdrf0w5nirlioqx05dkx5meax 3 67707 335772 331547 2026-06-08T22:42:08Z Ternarius 27269 Ternarius moved panna [[sadasya ke baat:Janmartchouk]] se [[sadasya ke baat:Ecology23]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Janmartchouk|Janmartchouk]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ecology23|Ecology23]]" 331547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Janmartchouk}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 15:28, 26 Janwari 2026 (UTC) letmuhrmenmclbqojailr1nyh8oyjdl 0 68321 335786 333536 2026-06-09T10:35:22Z ~2026-34003-27 40281 335786 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Flag of India.svg|thumb|250x250px|India mein khela gya aur India ke jeet]] '''2026 Men's ICC T20 Final''' (Sunday. 8 March) [[India]] aur [[New Zealand]] ke beech khela gya tha [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]] mein. Duniya ke sabse zyada dekhe gaye series mein se hai. [[file:Jasprit Bumrah in PMO New Delhi.jpg|thumb|229x229px|Man of the match, Jasprit Bumrah]] == Scores == India 255-5 the aur Nee Zealand 159/10 the 18 overs mein. [[Ishan Kishan]] (wk), [[Sanju Samson]] (wk), aur [[Abhishekh Sharma]] ne 50 run se upar banaya tha. [[Rachin Ravindran]], [[Matt Henry]] aur [[James Neesham]] ne wickets liye the. Dusre batting performence [[Shivam Dube]] se hua tha. New Zealand ke liye [[Mitchell Santner]] (captain) aur [[Tim Seifert]] (wk) ne 50 run se upar banaya tha dusre the [[Daryll Mitchell]]. [[Axar Patel]] (vice captain) aur Jasprit Bumrah ne zyada wickets liya tha aur dusre wicket lene wale the [[Varun Chakravarty]], [[Hardik Pandya]] aur [[Abhishek Sharma]]. == Dusre Khiladi == [[India Cricket Team|India]] * [[Suryakumar Yadav]] (captain) * [[Rinku Singh]] * [[Tilak Varma]] * [[Washington Sundar]] * [[Kuldeep Yadav]] * [[Mohammed Siraj]] * [[Harshit Rana]] [[New Zealand Cricket|New Zealand]] * [[Finn Allen]] * [[Devon Conway]] (wk) * [[Mark Champan]] * [[Cole McConchie]] * [[Glenn Phillips]] * [[Michael Bracewell]] * [[Jacob Duffy]] * [[Lockie Ferguson]] * [[Kyle Jamieson]] * [[Ish Sodhi]] * [[Adam Milne]] == Notes == India 96 runs se jeete the. Jasprit Bumrah man of the match the 4 wickets ke saath. [[Ricky Martin]], [[Falguni Pathak]], aur [[Sukhbir Singh]] se performences hue the. Commentary panel mein se the [[Ravi Shastri]], [[Ian Smith]], [[Nasser Hussain]], [[Ian Bishop]], aur [[Harsha Bhogle]]. [[Richard Illingworth]], [[Alex Wharf]] Umpires the, [[Alahuddien Palekar]] aur [[Adrian Holdstock]] 3rd aur 4th umpires. [[Andy Pycroft]] match referee the. == Related == Zaheer Khan [[vibhag:2]] [[vibhag:I]] [[vibhag:C]] [[vibhag:M]] [[vibhag:T]] [[vibhag:W]] c1v9hv1pt4iv67em1j0t2letxikwxi7 3 69071 335773 2026-06-08T22:42:08Z Ternarius 27269 Ternarius moved panna [[sadasya ke baat:Janmartchouk]] se [[sadasya ke baat:Ecology23]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Janmartchouk|Janmartchouk]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ecology23|Ecology23]]" 335773 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[sadasya ke baat:Ecology23]] rmm6235peowfadjhloxnrtrjrxc5uif