Wikipedia hifwiki https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahila_Panna MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter saadhan khaas baat sadasya sadasya ke baat Wikipedia Wikipedia baat file file ke baat MediaWiki MediaWiki ke baat Template Template ke baat madat madat ke baat vibhag voibhag ke baat TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk French Revolution 0 6335 336907 336902 2026-07-31T09:34:20Z Snandan 529 336907 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Prise de la Bastille.jpg|thumb|300 px|The storming of the Bastille, on 14 July, 1789]] '''France Ka Itihaas''', [[France]] ke [[itihaas]] me [[1789]] aur [[1799]] ke biich ke time rahaa. '''French Revolution''' ek rajnitik aur samajik badlao ke samay France me rahaa, jon [[Estates General of 1789]] se suruu bhais rahaa aur [[Coup of 18 Brumaire]] [[9 November]] [[1799]] me khalaas bhais rahaa. Revolution ke dher ideas ke fundamental principles of [[liberal democracy]] maana jaawe hae,{{Sfn|Livesey|2001|p=19}} aur iske values adhmik French rajnitik discourse ke central hae.{{Sfn|Fehér|1990|pp=117–130}} Iske [[Causes of the French Revolution|kaaran]] samajik, rajnitik, aur economic factors ke milan rahaa jiske [[ancien régime|uutime ke sarkar]] manage nai kare paais rahaa. Aarthik sankat aur barraa paimane pe samajik sankat ke kaaran Estates General ke sansad ke meeting, May 1789, jon 1614 ke baad pahila meeting rahaa. [[Estates of the realm|Third Estate]] ke representatives alag hoe ke apne ke re-constitute karin as [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]], June me. Paris me [[Storming of the Bastille]] 14 July me ke kaaran Assembly kuchh series of radical measures liis rahaa, jisme [[Abolition of feudalism in France|abolition of feudalism]], state control over the [[Catholic Church in France]], aur issuing the [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]] rahaa. Agle tiin saal me bahut jaada political control pe srtuggle rahaa. Raja [[Louis XVI]] ke kosis, Varennes bhaage ke, June 1791 me, [[monarchy]] ke aur discreditkar diis rahaa, aur larrai me haar, [[French Revolutionary Wars]] me April 1792 se, [[insurrection of 10 August 1792]] suruu bhais rahaa. Iske kaaran, [[House of Bourbon|monarchy]] ke [[French First Republic]] se September me badla gais rahaa, jiske baad [[execution of Louis XVI]] January 1793 me bhais rahaa. Ek aur [[Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793|revolt in June 1793]] ke baad, samidhaan ke suspend kar dewa gais rahaa, aur rajnitik taagat [[National Convention]] se [[Committee of Public Safety]] ke lage chal diis rahaa, jiske radical [[Jacobins]] jiske [[Maximilien Robespierre]] lead karat rahaa, dominate karat rahin. Lagbhag 16,000 log ke [[Revolutionary Tribunal]] sentence karis rahaa aur uulog ke [[Reign of Terror]] me maar dewa gais rahaa, jon July 1794 me khalaas bhaisrahaa, jab [[Thermidorian Reaction]] bhais rahaa. Des bahaari threats aur bhitri virodh ke kaaran kamjor hoe gais rahaa, aur Committee of Public Safety ke November 1795 me [[French Directory|Directory]] se replace karaa gais rahaa. Des ke instability 1799 me khalaas bhais rahaa jab [[coup of 18 Brumaire]] [[French Consulate|Consulate]] ke banais, jisme [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] First Consul rahaa. == Kaaran == Revolution ke kaaran dher long-term aur short-term kaaran rahaa, jiske anjaam samajik, economic, financial aur rajnitik crisis, [[1780s]] ke ant ke rahaa.{{Sfn|Jessene|2013|pp=39–40}}{{Sfn|Jourdan|2015|p=100}}{{Sfn|Marzagalli|2015|p=4}} Raaj kare waala log ke pariwartan nai accept karna , aur iske saathe [[Louis XVI]] ke indecisive policy aur uske ministers ke kaaran, anjaam ek crisis rahaa jiske des manage nai kare sakat rahaa.{{Sfn|Baker|1978|pp=279–303}}{{Sfn|Jordan|2004|pp=11–12}} 1715 aur 1789 ke biich me, France ke abaadi 21 million se barr ke 28 million hoe gais rahaa, jisme se 20% towns aur cities me rahat rahin, aur khaali Paris me 600,000 lig rahat rahin.{{Sfn|Marzagalli|2015|pp=6–7}} Iske saathe middle class ke size tigna hoe gais rahaa, jon 1789 ke des ke abaadi ke 10% rahaa.{{Sfn|Clay|2015|pp=24, 31}} Jab des aur dhani hoe gais rahaa, isse faeda kare waale jaada kar ke merchant class ke rahin, jab majuur aur kisaan ke aamdani kamti hoe gais rahaa. {{Sfn|Jessene|2013|pp=32–33}}{{Sfn|Marzagalli|2015|pp=8–10}} 1785 ke economic recession, aur iske saathe 1787 aur 1788 me kharaab fasal, ke kaaran dher log ke kaam nai milat rahaa aur khaana ke daam jaada hoe gais rahaa, jiske kaaran arthik aur rajnitik crisis rahaa. {{Sfn|Jessene|2013|pp=39–40}}{{Sfn|Jourdan|2015|p=104}}{{Sfn|Marzagalli|2015|pp=5, 14–17}}{{Sfn|Tilly|1983|p=337}} Jab des karjaa ke sankat me rahaa, karjaa Great Britain ke mukable me bahut jaada nai rahaa.{{Sfn|Weir|1989|p=98}} Ek khaas samasya ii rahaa ki tax ek ilaaka se duusra me ekke nai rahaa, aur ii sarkari rate se bhi different rahaa, aur iske achchhaaa se batora nai jaawat rahaa. Ii complexity aur accountability ke kami ke kaaran tax bhare waale resentful rahin. {{Sfn|Chanel|2015|p=68}} Ii system ke sahaj banae ke kosis ke regional ''[[Parlement]]s'' jon arthik policy ke implement karat rahaa, rok de rahin. Ii likjaam ke kaaran [[Estates General of 1789]] balaawa gais rahaa, jon control of public finances ke struggle me radicalise hoe gay rahin.{{Sfn|Weir|1989|p=96}} Louis XVI reforms ke consider kare maangat rahaa, lekin uu pichhe hoe jaawat rahaa jab nobility me ke conservatine log koi chij ke virod karat rahin. Yahii time, [[American Revolution]] aur Europe ke revolts [[1780s]] ke kaaran public debate patriotism, liberty, equality, aur democracy pe bhais rahaa. Isse educated public crisis ke assess karat rahin,{{Sfn|Jourdan|2015|pp=94–104}} jab scandals jaise [[Affair of the Diamond Necklace]] ke kaaran log raja, nobility, aur church officials se khusi nai rahin.{{Sfn|Smith|2015|pp=50–51}} == ''Ancien Régime'' me samasya== [[File:Parliaments and Sovereign Councils of the Kingdom of France in 1789 (fr).png|left|thumb|upright=1.0|The regional ''Parlements'' 1789 me; note karo ki ketna area ke Parlement of Paris cover kare hae]] === Aarthik aur rajnitik samasya === France, [[18th century]] me budgetary samasya me rahaa, kaaheki aamdani, kharchaa ke rakam nai barrhaa rahaa.{{Sfn|Jessene|2013|p=36}}{{Sfn|Sargent|Velde|1995|pp=485, 490–491}} Economy ke jor se barrhe ke baawajuut, kisaan ke tax kare se, ii state tax income me nai dekhaat rahaa.{{Sfn|Jessene|2013|p=36}} Kaaheki nobility aur Church dher rakam ke exemptions se faeda karat rahin, tax ke bojhaa jaada kar ke garib log pe parraa rahaa. {{Sfn|Sargent|Velde|1995|pp=483–485}} Ii samasya ke sudhaarna hard rahaa, kaaheki nawaa tax kanuun ke regional judicial bodies nai to ''[[parlement]]s'' se register kare ke parrat rahaa, jon iske roke me safal rahin. Raja decree se kaanuun bane sakat rahaa, lekin isse ''parlements'', dhani log, aur uu jispe nawaa tax lagaawa jaata, se relationship kharaa hoe sakat rahaa, .{{Sfn|Sargent|Velde|1995|pp=482–483}} Francejaada kar ke udhaar paisa le ke 1778 se 1783 [[Anglo-French War (1778–1783)|Anglo-French War]] ke finance karis rahaa. [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|it ended]] ke baad bhi, monarchy dher paisa udhaar lete rahaa, aur 1788 talak, aadha state ke aamdani karjaa bhare me kaam me laawa jaawat rahaa.{{Sfn|Jessene|2013|p=38}}{{sfn|Sargent|Velde|1995}} 1786 me, France ke finance minister, [[Charles Alexandre de Calonne|Calonne]], reforms ke prasthao rakkhis jisme universal land tax rahaa, grain controls ke radd karna aur bhitri tariffs, aur nawaa provincial assemblies jiske raja appoint karta. Nawaa taxes ke rejected kar dewa gais rahaa, pahila hand-picked [[Assembly of Notables]] jiske handpicked nobility dominate karat rahin,se, then by the ''parlements'' when submitted by Calonne's successor [[Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne|Brienne]]. Dhani log aur ''parlements'' argued karis ki proposed taxes ke khaali approve karaa jaae sakat rahaae Estates-General se, ek representative body jon pichle baar 1614 me meet karis rahaa.{{Sfn|Doyle|1990|pp=69–76}} Ii Revolution uu time khalaas bhais jab [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] [[November]] [[1799]] me [[dictatorship|dictator]] banaa. == Duusra websites == * [http://www.desaix.com The Musée de Veygoux] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810052306/http://www.desaix.com/ |date=2011-08-10 }} - a museum in [[Auvergne]] dedicated to the French Revolution and [[Desaix]] * [http://www.hrcr.org/docs/frenchdec.html The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606053037/http://www.hrcr.org/docs/frenchdec.html |date=2013-06-06 }} <!-- interwiki --> [[Category:F]] [[Category:France ke itihaas]] pxerua4vb2ji5hg218il5zk8lkcg0xw 336909 336907 2026-07-31T10:10:24Z Snandan 529 336909 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Prise de la Bastille.jpg|thumb|300 px|The storming of the Bastille, on 14 July, 1789]] '''France Ka Itihaas''', [[France]] ke [[itihaas]] me [[1789]] aur [[1799]] ke biich ke time rahaa. '''French Revolution''' ek rajnitik aur samajik badlao ke samay France me rahaa, jon [[Estates General of 1789]] se suruu bhais rahaa aur [[Coup of 18 Brumaire]] [[9 November]] [[1799]] me khalaas bhais rahaa. Revolution ke dher ideas ke fundamental principles of [[liberal democracy]] maana jaawe hae,{{Sfn|Livesey|2001|p=19}} aur iske values adhmik French rajnitik discourse ke central hae.{{Sfn|Fehér|1990|pp=117–130}} Iske [[Causes of the French Revolution|kaaran]] samajik, rajnitik, aur economic factors ke milan rahaa jiske [[ancien régime|uutime ke sarkar]] manage nai kare paais rahaa. Aarthik sankat aur barraa paimane pe samajik sankat ke kaaran Estates General ke sansad ke meeting, May 1789, jon 1614 ke baad pahila meeting rahaa. [[Estates of the realm|Third Estate]] ke representatives alag hoe ke apne ke re-constitute karin as [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]], June me. Paris me [[Storming of the Bastille]] 14 July me ke kaaran Assembly kuchh series of radical measures liis rahaa, jisme [[Abolition of feudalism in France|abolition of feudalism]], state control over the [[Catholic Church in France]], aur issuing the [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]] rahaa. Agle tiin saal me bahut jaada political control pe srtuggle rahaa. Raja [[Louis XVI]] ke kosis, Varennes bhaage ke, June 1791 me, [[monarchy]] ke aur discreditkar diis rahaa, aur larrai me haar, [[French Revolutionary Wars]] me April 1792 se, [[insurrection of 10 August 1792]] suruu bhais rahaa. Iske kaaran, [[House of Bourbon|monarchy]] ke [[French First Republic]] se September me badla gais rahaa, jiske baad [[execution of Louis XVI]] January 1793 me bhais rahaa. Ek aur [[Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793|revolt in June 1793]] ke baad, samidhaan ke suspend kar dewa gais rahaa, aur rajnitik taagat [[National Convention]] se [[Committee of Public Safety]] ke lage chal diis rahaa, jiske radical [[Jacobins]] jiske [[Maximilien Robespierre]] lead karat rahaa, dominate karat rahin. Lagbhag 16,000 log ke [[Revolutionary Tribunal]] sentence karis rahaa aur uulog ke [[Reign of Terror]] me maar dewa gais rahaa, jon July 1794 me khalaas bhaisrahaa, jab [[Thermidorian Reaction]] bhais rahaa. Des bahaari threats aur bhitri virodh ke kaaran kamjor hoe gais rahaa, aur Committee of Public Safety ke November 1795 me [[French Directory|Directory]] se replace karaa gais rahaa. Des ke instability 1799 me khalaas bhais rahaa jab [[coup of 18 Brumaire]] [[French Consulate|Consulate]] ke banais, jisme [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] First Consul rahaa. == Kaaran == Revolution ke kaaran dher long-term aur short-term kaaran rahaa, jiske anjaam samajik, economic, financial aur rajnitik crisis, [[1780s]] ke ant ke rahaa.{{Sfn|Jessene|2013|pp=39–40}}{{Sfn|Jourdan|2015|p=100}}{{Sfn|Marzagalli|2015|p=4}} Raaj kare waala log ke pariwartan nai accept karna , aur iske saathe [[Louis XVI]] ke indecisive policy aur uske ministers ke kaaran, anjaam ek crisis rahaa jiske des manage nai kare sakat rahaa.{{Sfn|Baker|1978|pp=279–303}}{{Sfn|Jordan|2004|pp=11–12}} 1715 aur 1789 ke biich me, France ke abaadi 21 million se barr ke 28 million hoe gais rahaa, jisme se 20% towns aur cities me rahat rahin, aur khaali Paris me 600,000 lig rahat rahin.{{Sfn|Marzagalli|2015|pp=6–7}} Iske saathe middle class ke size tigna hoe gais rahaa, jon 1789 ke des ke abaadi ke 10% rahaa.{{Sfn|Clay|2015|pp=24, 31}} Jab des aur dhani hoe gais rahaa, isse faeda kare waale jaada kar ke merchant class ke rahin, jab majuur aur kisaan ke aamdani kamti hoe gais rahaa. {{Sfn|Jessene|2013|pp=32–33}}{{Sfn|Marzagalli|2015|pp=8–10}} 1785 ke economic recession, aur iske saathe 1787 aur 1788 me kharaab fasal, ke kaaran dher log ke kaam nai milat rahaa aur khaana ke daam jaada hoe gais rahaa, jiske kaaran arthik aur rajnitik crisis rahaa. {{Sfn|Jessene|2013|pp=39–40}}{{Sfn|Jourdan|2015|p=104}}{{Sfn|Marzagalli|2015|pp=5, 14–17}}{{Sfn|Tilly|1983|p=337}} Jab des karjaa ke sankat me rahaa, karjaa Great Britain ke mukable me bahut jaada nai rahaa.{{Sfn|Weir|1989|p=98}} Ek khaas samasya ii rahaa ki tax ek ilaaka se duusra me ekke nai rahaa, aur ii sarkari rate se bhi different rahaa, aur iske achchhaaa se batora nai jaawat rahaa. Ii complexity aur accountability ke kami ke kaaran tax bhare waale resentful rahin. {{Sfn|Chanel|2015|p=68}} Ii system ke sahaj banae ke kosis ke regional ''[[Parlement]]s'' jon arthik policy ke implement karat rahaa, rok de rahin. Ii likjaam ke kaaran [[Estates General of 1789]] balaawa gais rahaa, jon control of public finances ke struggle me radicalise hoe gay rahin.{{Sfn|Weir|1989|p=96}} Louis XVI reforms ke consider kare maangat rahaa, lekin uu pichhe hoe jaawat rahaa jab nobility me ke conservatine log koi chij ke virod karat rahin. Yahii time, [[American Revolution]] aur Europe ke revolts [[1780s]] ke kaaran public debate patriotism, liberty, equality, aur democracy pe bhais rahaa. Isse educated public crisis ke assess karat rahin,{{Sfn|Jourdan|2015|pp=94–104}} jab scandals jaise [[Affair of the Diamond Necklace]] ke kaaran log raja, nobility, aur church officials se khusi nai rahin.{{Sfn|Smith|2015|pp=50–51}} == ''Ancien Régime'' me samasya== [[File:Parliaments and Sovereign Councils of the Kingdom of France in 1789 (fr).png|left|thumb|upright=1.0|The regional ''Parlements'' 1789 me; note karo ki ketna area ke Parlement of Paris cover kare hae]] === Aarthik aur rajnitik samasya === France, [[18th century]] me budgetary samasya me rahaa, kaaheki aamdani, kharchaa ke rakam nai barrhaa rahaa.{{Sfn|Jessene|2013|p=36}}{{Sfn|Sargent|Velde|1995|pp=485, 490–491}} Economy ke jor se barrhe ke baawajuut, kisaan ke tax kare se, ii state tax income me nai dekhaat rahaa.{{Sfn|Jessene|2013|p=36}} Kaaheki nobility aur Church dher rakam ke exemptions se faeda karat rahin, tax ke bojhaa jaada kar ke garib log pe parraa rahaa. {{Sfn|Sargent|Velde|1995|pp=483–485}} Ii samasya ke sudhaarna hard rahaa, kaaheki nawaa tax kanuun ke regional judicial bodies nai to ''[[parlement]]s'' se register kare ke parrat rahaa, jon iske roke me safal rahin. Raja decree se kaanuun bane sakat rahaa, lekin isse ''parlements'', dhani log, aur uu jispe nawaa tax lagaawa jaata, se relationship kharaa hoe sakat rahaa, .{{Sfn|Sargent|Velde|1995|pp=482–483}} Francejaada kar ke udhaar paisa le ke 1778 se 1783 [[Anglo-French War (1778–1783)|Anglo-French War]] ke finance karis rahaa. [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|it ended]] ke baad bhi, monarchy dher paisa udhaar lete rahaa, aur 1788 talak, aadha state ke aamdani karjaa bhare me kaam me laawa jaawat rahaa.{{Sfn|Jessene|2013|p=38}}{{sfn|Sargent|Velde|1995}} 1786 me, France ke finance minister, [[Charles Alexandre de Calonne|Calonne]], reforms ke prasthao rakkhis jisme universal land tax rahaa, grain controls ke radd karna aur bhitri tariffs, aur nawaa provincial assemblies jiske raja appoint karta. Nawaa taxes ke rejected kar dewa gais rahaa, pahila hand-picked [[Assembly of Notables]] jiske handpicked nobility dominate karat rahin,se, then by the ''parlements'' when submitted by Calonne's successor [[Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne|Brienne]]. Dhani log aur ''parlements'' argued karis ki proposed taxes ke khaali approve karaa jaae sakat rahaae Estates-General se, ek representative body jon pichle baar 1614 me meet karis rahaa.{{Sfn|Doyle|1990|pp=69–76}} Raja aur ''parlements'' ke biich ke takrao ek national political samasya hoe gais rahaa. Duuno bagal dher public statements de rahin, sarkar bahas karis ki uu privilege ke combat karat rahaa, aur ''parlement'' des ke puraana adhikaar ke defend karat rahaa. Public opinion ''parlements'' ke side rahaa, aur dher town me danga susuu hoe gais rahaa. Brienne ke aur paisa udhaar le ke kosis asafal rahaa, aur 8 August 1788 ke, uu announce karis ki raja Estates-General ke mile ke batai agle roj. Brienne istifa de diis aur uske [[Jacques Necker]] se replace karaa gais rahaa.{{Sfn|Doyle|1990|pp=75–85}} September 1788 me, Parlement of Paris rule karis ki Estates-General ke wahii form me mile ke chaahi jaise uu 1614 me milis rahaa, jiske matlab rahaa ki tiin estates mil ke alag-alag vote karii, jisme vote ke estate se gina jaai, log pe nai. Iske kaaran, clergy aur nobility mil ke Third Estate ke outvote kare sakat rahaa, bhale uu 5% abaadi ke khaali represent karat rahaa.{{Sfn|Schama|1989|p=115}}{{Sfn|Doyle|1990|p=88}} Censorship aur political clubs ke against kaanuun ke dhilla kare se, ek liberal nobles aur middle class activists ke ek group group jiske the Society of Thirty ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa, ek campaign launch karis ki Third Estate ke double karaa jaawe aur representation aur individual voting rights dewa jaae. Public debate ke kaaran 25 nawaa political pamphlets har haftaa publish karaa gais rahaa, har haftaa 25 September 1788 se.{{Sfn|Cobban|1963|p=135}} Isme se sab se jaada influential ke likhe waala [[Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès|Abbé Sieyès]] rahaa. Iske title ''[[What Is the Third Estate?]]'' rahaa, aur ii lergy aur nobility ke privilege ke ninda karis rahaa, aur ii bahas karis ki Third Estate des ke represent karat rahaa aur iske akele ek National Assembly ke ruup me baithe ke chaahi. Activists jaise [[Jean Joseph Mounier]], [[Antoine Barnave]] aur [[Maximilien Robespierre]] regional meetings organise kare rahin, petitions aur literature likhe rahin ii demand ke support me. {{Sfn|Doyle|1990|pp=89–96}} December me, raja Third Estate ke representation ke dugna kare ke sahmat hoe gais rahaa, lekin vote ke gine ke adhikar ke Estates-General pe chhorr diis rahaa.{{Sfn|Doyle|1990|p=93}} Ii Revolution uu time khalaas bhais jab [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] [[November]] [[1799]] me [[dictatorship|dictator]] banaa. == Duusra websites == * [http://www.desaix.com The Musée de Veygoux] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810052306/http://www.desaix.com/ |date=2011-08-10 }} - a museum in [[Auvergne]] dedicated to the French Revolution and [[Desaix]] * [http://www.hrcr.org/docs/frenchdec.html The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606053037/http://www.hrcr.org/docs/frenchdec.html |date=2013-06-06 }} <!-- interwiki --> [[Category:F]] [[Category:France ke itihaas]] 20eqfsp8u8wdfpwebxqc42quq8bfl0i Spirituality 0 9417 336911 179831 2026-07-31T10:39:34Z Pardesi 1478 336911 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Spirituality''' ek naam hae jiske [[spirit]] ke baare me baat kare ke time dewa jaae hae. Kuch kuch log ii sabd ke [[dharam]] ke jagha pe kaam me laae hae. ===Indian religions=== ==== Jainism ==== [[Jainism]], jiske Jain Dharma ke naam se jaana jaawe hae, ek puraana Indian dharam hae. Jainism ke tiin khambaa me hae [[Ahimsa in Jainism|ahiṃsā]] (non-violence), [[anekāntavāda]] (non-absolutism), aur [[aparigraha]] (non-attachment). Jains paanch kasam khaawe hae: [[ahiṃsā]] (non-violence), [[satya]] (truth), [[Achourya|asteya]] (not stealing), [[brahmacharya]] (sexual continence), aur [[aparigraha]] (non-possessiveness). Ii niyam Jain sanskriti ke dher rakam se affect karis hae, jaise jaada kar ke vegetarian rahan-sahan. [[Parasparopagraho Jīvānām|Parasparopagraho jīvānām]] (aatma ke kaam hae duusre ke madat karna.) ii dharam ke motto aur [[Ṇamōkāra mantra]] iske sab se jaada kaam me laae waala aur muul prathna hae. {{stub}} [[Vibhag:S]] [[Category:Dharam]] [[Category:Philosophy]] 82jwj7srhur22n5txe09t5ztepk2nv0 336912 336911 2026-07-31T10:46:52Z Pardesi 1478 336912 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Spirituality''' ek naam hae jiske [[spirit]] ke baare me baat kare ke time dewa jaae hae. Kuch kuch log ii sabd ke [[dharam]] ke jagha pe kaam me laae hae. ===Indian dharam=== ==== Jainism ==== [[Jainism]], jiske Jain Dharma ke naam se jaana jaawe hae, ek puraana Indian dharam hae. Jainism ke tiin khambaa me hae [[Ahimsa in Jainism|ahiṃsā]] (non-violence), [[anekāntavāda]] (non-absolutism), aur [[aparigraha]] (non-attachment). Jains paanch kasam khaawe hae: [[ahiṃsā]] (non-violence), [[satya]] (truth), [[Achourya|asteya]] (not stealing), [[brahmacharya]] (sexual continence), aur [[aparigraha]] (non-possessiveness). Ii niyam Jain sanskriti ke dher rakam se affect karis hae, jaise jaada kar ke vegetarian rahan-sahan. [[Parasparopagraho Jīvānām|Parasparopagraho jīvānām]] (aatma ke kaam hae duusre ke madat karna.) ii dharam ke motto aur [[Ṇamōkāra mantra]] iske sab se jaada kaam me laae waala aur muul prathna hae. Jainism aapan spiritual ideas aur itihaas ke ek succession of twenty-four neta nai to [[Tirthankara]]s batae hae, jon abhi [[Rishabhadeva]] hae, jiske sanskriti batae hae ki million saal pahile rahat rahaa; twenty-third tirthankara [[Parshvanatha]], jiske itihasik log [[9th century]] BCE trace kare hae; aur twenty-fourth tirthankara, [[Mahāvīra|Mahavira]] lagbhag 600&nbsp;BCE. Jainism ke ek eternal [[dharma]] maana jaawe hae, jisme tirthankaras sab time cycle of the [[Jain cosmology|cosmology]] ke direct kare hae. {{stub}} [[Vibhag:S]] [[Category:Dharam]] [[Category:Philosophy]] mkgpjduciagscz0v0ey3gztpsbatt55 336913 336912 2026-07-31T10:57:59Z Pardesi 1478 336913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Spirituality''' ek naam hae jiske [[spirit]] ke baare me baat kare ke time dewa jaae hae. Kuch kuch log ii sabd ke [[dharam]] ke jagha pe kaam me laae hae. ===Indian dharam=== ==== Jainism ==== [[Jainism]], jiske Jain Dharma ke naam se jaana jaawe hae, ek puraana Indian dharam hae. Jainism ke tiin khambaa me hae [[Ahimsa in Jainism|ahiṃsā]] (non-violence), [[anekāntavāda]] (non-absolutism), aur [[aparigraha]] (non-attachment). Jains paanch kasam khaawe hae: [[ahiṃsā]] (non-violence), [[satya]] (truth), [[Achourya|asteya]] (not stealing), [[brahmacharya]] (sexual continence), aur [[aparigraha]] (non-possessiveness). Ii niyam Jain sanskriti ke dher rakam se affect karis hae, jaise jaada kar ke vegetarian rahan-sahan. [[Parasparopagraho Jīvānām|Parasparopagraho jīvānām]] (aatma ke kaam hae duusre ke madat karna.) ii dharam ke motto aur [[Ṇamōkāra mantra]] iske sab se jaada kaam me laae waala aur muul prathna hae. Jainism aapan spiritual ideas aur itihaas ke ek succession of twenty-four neta nai to [[Tirthankara]]s batae hae, jon abhi [[Rishabhadeva]] hae, jiske sanskriti batae hae ki million saal pahile rahat rahaa; twenty-third tirthankara [[Parshvanatha]], jiske itihasik log [[9th century]] BCE trace kare hae; aur twenty-fourth tirthankara, [[Mahāvīra|Mahavira]] lagbhag 600&nbsp;BCE. Jainism ke ek eternal [[dharma]] maana jaawe hae, jisme tirthankaras sab time cycle of the [[Jain cosmology|cosmology]] ke direct kare hae. ====Buddhism==== Buddhist aachaaran ke [[Bhavana]] bola jaawe hae, jiske matlab "development" nai to "cultivating" <ref>[[Matthieu Ricard]] has said this in a talk.</ref> nai to "producing hae"<ref name="MWD">[http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/MWScanpdf/mw0755-bhAvodaya.pdf Monier-Williams (1899), p. 755, see "Bhāvana" and "Bhāvanā," retrieved 9 December 2008 from University of Cologne] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304063707/http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/MWScanpdf/mw0755-bhAvodaya.pdf |date=4 March 2009 }} (PDF)</ref> in the sense of "calling into existence".{{sfn|Nyanatiloka|1980|p=67}} Ii important concept hae Buddhist [[Praxis (process)|praxis]] (''Patipatti'') me. Sabd ''bhavana'' saaman taur pe conjunction duusra sabd ke saathe aawe hae, jisse compound phrase jaise ''citta-bhavana'' (the development or cultivation of the heart/mind) nai to ''metta-bhavana'' (the development/cultivation of loving kindness) bane hae. Jab iske apne se kaam me laawa jaae hae, tab ''bhavana'' signifies 'spiritual cultivation' generally. Dher [[Buddhist paths to liberation]] jamaana bhar me develop bhae rahin. Isme se sab se jaada jaana-maana [[Noble Eightfold Path]] hae, lekin aur me hae [[Bhūmi (Buddhism)|the Bodhisattva Path]] aur [[Lamrim]]. {{stub}} [[Vibhag:S]] [[Category:Dharam]] [[Category:Philosophy]] qv1flbhngbqmh6vtmob1gugaunvf349 sadasya ke baat:TALAYWA 3 55494 336906 286119 2026-07-30T23:56:18Z EmausBot 2348 Fixing double redirect from [[sadasya ke baat:ⵣⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙ]] to [[sadasya ke baat:Zack Prime]] 336906 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[sadasya ke baat:Zack Prime]] nkhx7cwxxnl2gcko51vcuguo7evmdju Hindustan Times 0 55746 336914 333385 2026-07-31T11:05:14Z Pardesi 1478 336914 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Hindustan Times''''' [[India]] ke ke [[English bhasa|English]]-bhasa waala [[daily newspaper]] hae jon [[Delhi]] me based hae. Ii [[HT Media]] Limited ke flagship publication hae, jiske [[Birla family]] control kare hae, aur iske [[Shobhana Bhartia]], [[K. K. Birla]] ke larrki own kare hae.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nominated to Rajya Sabha |url=http://www.thehindu.com/archive/print/2006/02/18/stories/2006021815040900.htm |work=The Hindu |date=18 February 2006 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Paradise Papers: Hindustan Times Group set up firm in Bermuda, showed Rs 7 cr loss |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/paradise-papers-shobhna-bhartia-hindustan-times-appleby-bermuda-firm-4925776/ |access-date=6 June 2018 |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=7 November 2017 |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223130122/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/paradise-papers-shobhna-bhartia-hindustan-times-appleby-bermuda-firm-4925776/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/media/history-repeating-shobhana-bhartias-hindustan-times|title=History repeating at Shobhana Bhartia's Hindustan Times|last=Dev|first=Atul|date=December 2018|website=[[The Caravan]]|url-access=subscription|access-date=21 January 2020|archive-date=16 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316185834/https://caravanmagazine.in/media/history-repeating-shobhana-bhartias-hindustan-times|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ii bhi dekho == ==References== {{reflist}} [[vibhag:India]] [[vibhag:T]] 8r0pmkwgy6pt99ri6my4yzggeasxv2u Mont Blanc 0 56263 336915 333417 2026-07-31T11:12:55Z Pardesi 1478 336915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mountain | name = Mont Blanc | other_name = {{llang|it|Monte Bianco}} | elevation_m = 4,805.59 | elevation_ref = <ref name="Beaumont">{{Cite news |last=Beaumont |first=Peter |date=2023-10-05 |title='Exceptional year': Mont Blanc shrinks by another 2 metres |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/05/mont-blanc-height-peak-shrinks |access-date=2023-10-05 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005184033/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/05/mont-blanc-height-peak-shrinks |url-status=live }}</ref> | prominence = 4,696&nbsp;m<span title="above the wind-gap"> ↓&nbsp;</span>by [[Lake Kubenskoye]] | prominence_ref = <br /><small>[[List of peaks by prominence|Ranked 11th]]</small> | parent_peak = [[Mount Elbrus]]<ref group = note>Although [[Mount Elbrus]] is normally considered the tallest mountain in continental Europe, the latter continent is part of the [[Eurasian]] land mass, which culminates at Mount Everest (highest col between Mont Blanc and Mount Everest: 113&nbsp;m [http://www.peakbagger.com/KeyCol.aspx?pid=9941] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221115225/http://www.peakbagger.com/KeyCol.aspx?pid=9941 |date=21 February 2016 }}; highest col between Mount Elbrus and Mount Everest: 901&nbsp;m [http://www.peakbagger.com/KeyCol.aspx?pid=10381] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221115148/http://www.peakbagger.com/KeyCol.aspx?pid=10381 |date=21 February 2016 }}).</ref> | isolation = 2,812&nbsp;km<span title="to"> →&nbsp;</span>[[Kukurtlu Dome]]<ref>[https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=9941 ''Mont Blanc''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918095900/https://www.peakbagger.com/Peak.aspx?pid=9941 |date=18 September 2020 }} at peakbagger.com. Retrieved 19 August 2020.</ref> | map = Alps#France#Italy#Europe | map_caption = Location | listing = [[List of countries by highest point|Country high point]]<br/>[[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]]<br/>[[Seven Summits]]<br/>[[Topographic isolation#Isolation table|World's most isolated peaks]] 13th | country = {{hlist|[[France]]|[[Italy]]}} | location = [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]], France<br>[[Aosta Valley]], Italy | parent = [[Graian Alps]] | coordinates = {{Coord|45|49|58|N|06|51|54|E|type:mountain|display=inline,title}} | range_coordinates = | first_ascent = 8 August 1786 by {{ubl|[[Jacques Balmat]]|[[Michel-Gabriel Paccard]]}} | easiest_route = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 10 | mapframe-wikidata = yes }} '''Mont Blanc''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˌ|m|ɒ̃|ˈ|b|l|ɒ̃|(|k|)}}; {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|m|ɒ|n|(|t|)|'|b|l|ɑː|ŋ|k}}) {{IPA|fr|mɔ̃ blɑ̃||LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-mont-blanc.wav}}; {{IPA|it|ˈmonte ˈbjaŋko||It-Monte Bianco.ogg}}; tiino ke matlab 'ujjar pahaarr' hae.) [[Alps]] ke ek pahaarr hae, jon 4,807.3 m (15,771,9 ft)<ref name=":0" /> samundar se uppar hae, aur [[France-Italy border|Franco-Italian border]] me hae.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-29 |title=Le mont Blanc a perdu un mètre en quatre ans et culmine désormais à 4807,81 mètres |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/meteo/climat/le-mont-blanc-a-perdu-un-metre-en-quatre-ans-et-culmine-desormais-a-4807-81-metres_4787791.html |access-date=2021-09-29 |website=Franceinfo |language=fr-FR |archive-date=29 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929101130/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/meteo/climat/le-mont-blanc-a-perdu-un-metre-en-quatre-ans-et-culmine-desormais-a-4807-81-metres_4787791.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ii [[Europe]] ke sab se uunchaa pahaarr he, [[Caucasus Mountains]] se bahaar, <ref>the prominence of 4,696&nbsp;m for Mont Blanc is taken from the "Ultras Project" ([http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/EuroCoreP1500m.html#1 peaklist.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109222443/http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/EuroCoreP1500m.html#1 |date=9 January 2019 }}), "List compiled 2004 by Petter Bjørstad, Jonathan de Ferranti, Eberhard Jurgalski, Vasja Kavcic and Aaron Maizlish". See also [[list of Alpine peaks by prominence]].</ref> == Li bhi dekho == [[Montegrappa]] [[vibhag:M]] [[vibhag:Europe ke pahaarr]] napfehfaw42uu9xqnjs8xm5ipja6yup 336916 336915 2026-07-31T11:13:19Z Pardesi 1478 /* Li bhi dekho */ 336916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mountain | name = Mont Blanc | other_name = {{llang|it|Monte Bianco}} | elevation_m = 4,805.59 | elevation_ref = <ref name="Beaumont">{{Cite news |last=Beaumont |first=Peter |date=2023-10-05 |title='Exceptional year': Mont Blanc shrinks by another 2 metres |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/05/mont-blanc-height-peak-shrinks |access-date=2023-10-05 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005184033/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/05/mont-blanc-height-peak-shrinks |url-status=live }}</ref> | prominence = 4,696&nbsp;m<span title="above the wind-gap"> ↓&nbsp;</span>by [[Lake Kubenskoye]] | prominence_ref = <br /><small>[[List of peaks by prominence|Ranked 11th]]</small> | parent_peak = [[Mount Elbrus]]<ref group = note>Although [[Mount Elbrus]] is normally considered the tallest mountain in continental Europe, the latter continent is part of the [[Eurasian]] land mass, which culminates at Mount Everest (highest col between Mont Blanc and Mount Everest: 113&nbsp;m [http://www.peakbagger.com/KeyCol.aspx?pid=9941] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221115225/http://www.peakbagger.com/KeyCol.aspx?pid=9941 |date=21 February 2016 }}; highest col between Mount Elbrus and Mount Everest: 901&nbsp;m [http://www.peakbagger.com/KeyCol.aspx?pid=10381] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221115148/http://www.peakbagger.com/KeyCol.aspx?pid=10381 |date=21 February 2016 }}).</ref> | isolation = 2,812&nbsp;km<span title="to"> →&nbsp;</span>[[Kukurtlu Dome]]<ref>[https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=9941 ''Mont Blanc''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918095900/https://www.peakbagger.com/Peak.aspx?pid=9941 |date=18 September 2020 }} at peakbagger.com. Retrieved 19 August 2020.</ref> | map = Alps#France#Italy#Europe | map_caption = Location | listing = [[List of countries by highest point|Country high point]]<br/>[[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]]<br/>[[Seven Summits]]<br/>[[Topographic isolation#Isolation table|World's most isolated peaks]] 13th | country = {{hlist|[[France]]|[[Italy]]}} | location = [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]], France<br>[[Aosta Valley]], Italy | parent = [[Graian Alps]] | coordinates = {{Coord|45|49|58|N|06|51|54|E|type:mountain|display=inline,title}} | range_coordinates = | first_ascent = 8 August 1786 by {{ubl|[[Jacques Balmat]]|[[Michel-Gabriel Paccard]]}} | easiest_route = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 10 | mapframe-wikidata = yes }} '''Mont Blanc''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˌ|m|ɒ̃|ˈ|b|l|ɒ̃|(|k|)}}; {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|m|ɒ|n|(|t|)|'|b|l|ɑː|ŋ|k}}) {{IPA|fr|mɔ̃ blɑ̃||LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-mont-blanc.wav}}; {{IPA|it|ˈmonte ˈbjaŋko||It-Monte Bianco.ogg}}; tiino ke matlab 'ujjar pahaarr' hae.) [[Alps]] ke ek pahaarr hae, jon 4,807.3 m (15,771,9 ft)<ref name=":0" /> samundar se uppar hae, aur [[France-Italy border|Franco-Italian border]] me hae.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-29 |title=Le mont Blanc a perdu un mètre en quatre ans et culmine désormais à 4807,81 mètres |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/meteo/climat/le-mont-blanc-a-perdu-un-metre-en-quatre-ans-et-culmine-desormais-a-4807-81-metres_4787791.html |access-date=2021-09-29 |website=Franceinfo |language=fr-FR |archive-date=29 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929101130/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/meteo/climat/le-mont-blanc-a-perdu-un-metre-en-quatre-ans-et-culmine-desormais-a-4807-81-metres_4787791.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ii [[Europe]] ke sab se uunchaa pahaarr he, [[Caucasus Mountains]] se bahaar, <ref>the prominence of 4,696&nbsp;m for Mont Blanc is taken from the "Ultras Project" ([http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/EuroCoreP1500m.html#1 peaklist.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109222443/http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/EuroCoreP1500m.html#1 |date=9 January 2019 }}), "List compiled 2004 by Petter Bjørstad, Jonathan de Ferranti, Eberhard Jurgalski, Vasja Kavcic and Aaron Maizlish". See also [[list of Alpine peaks by prominence]].</ref> == Ii bhi dekho == [[vibhag:M]] [[vibhag:Europe ke pahaarr]] pyboa0bb4v8f72nm794a3ujzw6j1ut4 2028 0 56575 336905 328439 2026-07-30T12:59:51Z Girmitya 41 336905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Year nav range|{{PAGENAME}}}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MMXXVIII) ek leap saal rahii, jon [[wikt:sanichar|sanichar]] ke roj suruu hoi. Ii [[3rd millennium]] aur [[21st century]] ke 28th saal rahii, aur [[2020s]] dassak ke 9th saal rahii. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2084-2085, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1949-1950, Kali Yuga ke 5128-5129, Islamic calendar ke 1449-1450, Buddhist calendar ke 2572 aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 560 saal rahii. ==How waala ghatna== * [[8 May]] - [[Philippines]] Presidential election hoi. * [[14 July]] - [[30 July]] - 2028 Summer Olympics, [[Los Angeles]] me hoi. * [[7 November]] - [[United States]] Presidential election hoi. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{commons|Category:2028}} [[Vibhag:2]] [[vibhag:2028| ]] 9bmwt9gupbigcech8yt3nd27jx9f1qv Urdu films ke suchi 0 62577 336919 319108 2026-07-31T11:22:14Z Pardesi 1478 336919 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urdu films ke suchi''' me uusab film hae jon [[Urdu]] bhasa me banaa hae. ==1948== * [[Teri Yaad]], Director - Daud Chand, Actors - Asha Posley, [[Nasir Khan]], [[Nazar]] ==2013== * [[Aina]], Director - Sarmad Khoosat, Actors - Quershi, Saba Qamar, Firdous Jamal, Ali Ansari [[vibhag:U]] [[vibhag:Urdu films]] 6sjkhl7n0ctmbu0q92a8ff989jtplo2 Virtual Reality 0 65310 336920 326343 2026-07-31T11:31:40Z Pardesi 1478 336920 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:HTC Vive (16).jpg|thumb|Ek jan HTC Vive virtual reality headset ke pahinis hae]] '''Virtual reality''' (jiske jaada kar ke khaali '''VR''' bola jaawe hae) [[reality]] [[computer]] technology ke naam hae jon ek jan ke ke aise feel karwae ki uu aur kahin pe hae . Ii [[software]] ke kaam me laae ke [[chhaapa]], [[awaaj]], aur duusra [[sensation]] ke kaam me laae ke ek duusra jaghsa banae hae jisse kaam me laae waala ii feel kare hae ki uu dunia ke koi duusra jagha hae Duusra jagha ek aslii jagha (to take a tour in another country, for instance) or imaginary (playing a [[game]]). [[vibhag:V]] [[vibhag:R]] e9rchti1qefdxijk9ci7u43sdak180i sadasya ke baat:Gisrhgver 3 67195 336908 330350 2026-07-31T09:44:26Z EmausBot 2348 Fixing double redirect from [[sadasya ke baat:EACh5555]] to [[sadasya ke baat:AstroBeltCafe]] 336908 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[sadasya ke baat:AstroBeltCafe]] s6m0ey71lbm81sccqoxz6wvdjqd4677 2026 0 68018 336903 336785 2026-07-30T12:23:33Z Girmitya 41 336903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Year nav range|{{PAGENAME}}}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MMXXVI) ek saadhaaran saal hae, jon [[wikt:bif |bif]] ke roj suruu bhais rahaa. Ii [[3rd millennium]] aur [[21st century]] 26th saal hae, aur [[2020s]] dassak ke 7th saal hae. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2082-2083, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1947-1948, Kali Yuga ke 5126-5127, Islamic calendar ke 1447-1448, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 558 saal hae. == Ghatna == * [[19 July]] - 20th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Canada]], [[Mexico]] aur [[United States]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Spain]], [[Argentina]] ke 1-0 se harais rahaa. == Chhutti aur Teohaar == * [[1 January]] - Fiji me '''Nawaa Saal''' ke chhutti rahaa<ref name="holidays">[https://www.employment.gov.fj/uploads/notice/GN_70_-_Declaration_of_Public_Holidays_for_2026.pdf Cabinet endorses 11 public holidays for 2025]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[3 April]] - Fiji me '''Good Friday''' ke chhutti rahaa <ref name="holidays"/> * [[26 March]] - Fiji me '''Ram Naumi''' banaawa gais rahaa. * [[4 April]] - Fiji me '''Easter Saturday''' ke chhutti rahaa <ref name="holidays"/> * [[6 April]] - Fiji me '''Easter Monday''' ke chhutti rahaa <ref name="holidays"/> * [[15 May]] - Fiji me '''Girmit Day''' ke chhutti rahaa <ref name="holidays"/> * [[29 May]] - Fiji me '''Ratu Sukuna Day''' ke chhutti rahaa <ref name="holidays"/> * [[24 August]] - Fiji me '''Prophet Mohammed ke birthday''' khatir chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> * [[10 October]] - Fiji me '''Fiji Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> * [[9 November]] - Fiji me '''Diwali''' ke chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> * [[25 December]] - Fiji me '''Barraa Din''' ke chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> * [[26 December]] - Fiji me '''Boxing Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> == Janam == == Maut == == References == <references/> <br /> {{commons|Category:2026}} [[Vibhag:2]] [[vibhag:2026]] d6fkmwq5l3s88tz4pziy0z9ihi4q0z2 Warren Buffett 0 69141 336910 336875 2026-07-31T10:24:08Z Pardesi 1478 336910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = | image = Warren Buffett at the 2015 SelectUSA Investment Summit (cropped).jpg | alt = A chest level portrait of Warren Buffet against a dark background wearing a dark suit, a white shirt, and a red tie. He is unsmiling, looking past the camera. | caption = Buffett in 2015 | birth_name = Warren Edward Buffett | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1930|8|30}} | birth_place = [[Omaha, Nebraska]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | education = {{plainlist| * [[University of Pennsylvania]] (attended) * [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln|University of Nebraska]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]]) * [[Columbia University]] ([[Master of Science|MS]]) }} | occupation = Business executive; investment manager | years_active = 1951–present | known_for = | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Susan Buffett|Susan Thompson Buffett]]|1952|2004|end=died}} * {{marriage|Astrid Menks Buffett|2006}} }} | children = {{hlist|[[Susan Alice Buffett|Susan Alice]]|[[Howard Graham Buffett|Howard Graham]]|[[Peter Buffett|Peter Andrew]]}} | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Howard Warren Buffett]] (grandson) * [[Doris Buffett]] (sister) * [[George D. Buffett|George Buffett]] (cousin) }} | father = [[Howard Buffett]] | website = {{URL|berkshirehathaway.com}} | signature = Warren Buffett Signature.svg }} '''Warren Edward Buffett''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ʌ|f|ᵻ|t}} {{Respell|BUFF|it}}; janam [[30 August]] [[1930]])<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/warren-buffett-9230729|title=Warren Buffett Biography|website=Biography.com ([[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]])|access-date=January 28, 2016|archive-date=January 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128091059/http://www.biography.com/people/warren-buffett-9230729|url-status=live}}</ref> [[America]]n ke ek investor aur philanthropist hae jon chairman aur former CEO conglomerate [[Berkshire Hathaway]] ke hae. Uske success ke kaaran, Buffett sab se jaada jaana-maana investor, [[dunia]] bhar me hae . ''[[Forbes]]'' ke anusaar, January 2026 me, Buffett ke estimated net worth US$148.9&nbsp;billion rahaa, jiske kaaran uu dunia ke ninth sab se dhani jan hae.<ref name="Forbes">{{Cite magazine|title=Warren Buffett|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/warren-buffett/ |magazine=Forbes|access-date=February 17, 2025}}</ref> == Related == [[List of Trillionaires]] [[vibhag:United States ke log]] [[vibhag:B]] 10ufgb8ns3pl4n0e8ijy010inkqn3eb 2027 0 69352 336904 2026-07-30T12:50:40Z Girmitya 41 Panna jisme "{{Year nav range|{{PAGENAME}}}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MMXXVII) ek saadhaaran saal rahii, jon [[wikt:suk |suk]] ke roj suruu hoi. Ii [[3rd millennium]] aur [[21st century]] ke 27th saal rahii, aur [[2020s]] dassak ke 8th saal rahii. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2083-2084, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1948-1949, Kali Yuga ke 5127-5128, Islamic calendar ke 1448-1449, Buddhist calendar ke 2571 aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 559 saal rahii. == Ghatna == *..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Year nav range|{{PAGENAME}}}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MMXXVII) ek saadhaaran saal rahii, jon [[wikt:suk |suk]] ke roj suruu hoi. Ii [[3rd millennium]] aur [[21st century]] ke 27th saal rahii, aur [[2020s]] dassak ke 8th saal rahii. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2083-2084, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1948-1949, Kali Yuga ke 5127-5128, Islamic calendar ke 1448-1449, Buddhist calendar ke 2571 aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 559 saal rahii. == Ghatna == * January 15-25 - 2027 Winter World University Games, Changchun, [[China]] me khela jaai. * [[18 April]] - 2007 French Presidential election hoi. == Chhutti aur Teohaar == * [[1 January]], Suk - Fiji me '''Nawaa Saal''' ke chhutti rahii<ref name="holidays">[https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/fiji/2027 Holidays and Observances in Fiji in 2027]</ref> * [[26 March]], Suk - Fiji me '''Good Friday''' ke chhutti rahii <ref name="holidays"/> * [[27 March]], Sanichar - Fiji me '''Easter Saturday''' ke chhutti rahii <ref name="holidays"/> * [[29 March]], Sombaar - Fiji me '''Easter Monday''' ke chhutti rahii <ref name="holidays"/> * [[14 May]], Suk - Fiji me '''Girmit Day''' ke chhutti rahaa <ref name="holidays"/> * [[31 May]], Sombaar - Fiji me '''Ratu Sukuna Day''' ke chhutti rahaa <ref name="holidays"/> * [[24 August]] - Fiji me '''Prophet Mohammed ke birthday''' khatir chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> * [[10 October]], Etwaar - Fiji me '''Fiji Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> * [[29 October]] , Suk- Fiji me '''Diwali''' ke chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> * [[25 December]], Sanichar - Fiji me '''Barraa Din''' ke chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> * [[26 December]], Etwaar - Fiji me '''Boxing Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> == Janam == == Maut == == References == <references/> <br /> {{commons|Category:2027}} [[Vibhag:2]] [[vibhag:2027]] a25ubrvzgn7x9dsblmw486zy0zowr5s Module:Location map/data/Alps 828 69353 336917 2026-07-31T11:14:34Z Pardesi 1478 Panna jisme "return { name = 'Alps', top = 48.50, bottom = 42.75, left = 4.50, right = 17.00, image = 'Alps location map.png' }" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336917 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Alps', top = 48.50, bottom = 42.75, left = 4.50, right = 17.00, image = 'Alps location map.png' } kdg0opjy1t0kvcu10wxmvgazfdyh4jx Module:Location map/data/Italy 828 69354 336918 2026-07-31T11:16:04Z Pardesi 1478 Panna jisme "return { name = 'Italy', top = 47.4, bottom = 35.3, left = 6.2, right = 19.0, image = 'Italy provincial location map 2016.svg', image1 = 'Italy relief location map.jpg', image2 = 'Italy location map.svg' }" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336918 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Italy', top = 47.4, bottom = 35.3, left = 6.2, right = 19.0, image = 'Italy provincial location map 2016.svg', image1 = 'Italy relief location map.jpg', image2 = 'Italy location map.svg' } 294gbco8u31xpqwzdgb9cboyroqiu72