Wikipedia hifwiki https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahila_Panna MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter saadhan khaas baat sadasya sadasya ke baat Wikipedia Wikipedia baat file file ke baat MediaWiki MediaWiki ke baat Template Template ke baat madat madat ke baat vibhag voibhag ke baat TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 10 1550 336948 336807 2026-08-02T11:42:54Z Snandan 529 336948 wikitext text/x-wiki * [[30 July]] - Saath hajaar migrants [[Morocco]]-[[Spain]] border ke [[Ceuta]] me paar kare rahin, jisme 67 lag mar gay rahin. [[File:Official_portrait_of_Andy_Burnham_MP_2026_(cropped_3x4)_2.jpg|right|100px|thumb|Burnham]] * [[20 July]] - '''[[Andy Burnham]]''' ke [[Keir Starmer]] ke jagha, [[United Kingdom]] ke Labour Party ke neta aur Prime Minister banaawa gais rahaa. *[[20 July]] - [[2026]] ke '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Spain]] jiitis, [[Argentina]] ke final me 1-0 se harae ke. *[[22 June]] - [[United States]] ke Air Force aur Navy, [[Iran]] ke tiin nuclear facilities ke attack karis. * [[21 April]] - '''[[Pope Francis]]''' ke maut Vatican City me bhais rahaa. * [[30 March]] - Ek '''7.7 magnitude bhukamp''' ke kaaran [[Myanmar]] aur [[Thailand]] me 2,000 log ke maut hoe gais. * [[19 February]] - '''[[Toronto]] Airport''' me '''Delta Air Lines''' ke plane, utarte ke samay ulut gais lekin sab passengers bach gain nvemf3v8sn0z5zzgbnxthg0t8c0iwto 0 4341 336939 257139 2026-08-01T23:10:17Z Oalexander 40850 336939 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Nauru.svg|right|200px]] [[File: Coat of arms of Nauru (2020).svg|right|200px]] '''Nauru''', [[Pacific Ocean]] me ek chota [[island]] hae. Ii ek island ke des ek [[republic]] hae. Ii [[Australia]] ke phosphate beche hae. Nauru dunia ke sab se chhota republic hae. [[English bhasa|English]] aur Nauruan hian ke official bhasa hae. Nauru me koi official capital city nai hae lekin hian ke sab se barraa jagah [[Yaren]] hae. Nauru ke 14 [[district]] me baata gais hae. {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Nauru| ]] [[Category:Commonwealth ke member]] [[Category:Micronesia]] [[Category:English bhasa waala des]] ioxe3h6cswtbnmnbnelmw40odx5utzs 0 6339 336944 182852 2026-08-02T09:42:22Z Snandan 529 336944 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Unemployed marching to see Mitchell, 1931.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Many became [[unemployment|unemployed]] in the Great Depression.]] '''Great Depression''' uu time rahaa jab dunia bhar ke des ke economy bahut kharaam hoe gais rahaa. Ii 1929 ke Wall Street Crash se suruu bhais rahaa. [[24 October]] [[1929]] se lae ke [[29 October]] [[1929]] talak wall street me share ke daam bahut jaada giraa. Dher jan ke kaam se nikal dewa gais rahaa. Ii log bahut garib hoe gain aur kuchh log ke rahe khatir ghar bhi nai rahaa. == Overview == {{Multiple image | image1 = US Unemployment from 1910-1960.svg | image2 = 1929 wall street crash graph.svg | caption1 = U. S. ke unemployment rate 1910 se 1960 tak, jisme Great Depression (1929–39) ke saal ke highlight karaa gais hae | caption2 = Dow Jones Industrial Average, 1928–1930 | align = right }} === Crisis ke suruu ke economic picture === [[Wall Street crash of 1929]] ke baad, jab [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] 381 se 198 jiraa rahaa, dui mahina me , lekin log optimistik rahin kuchh din talak. 1930 ke suruwaat me, stock market uppar gais, aur April 1930 me Dow 294 talak pahunch gais (pre-depression levels), lekin iske baad ii niche gire lagaa, aur 1932 me 41 talak gir gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite web|title=1998/99 Prognosis Based Upon 1929 Market Autopsy|url=https://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_98/vronsky060698.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517075810/https://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_98/vronsky060698.html|archive-date=17 May 2008|access-date=22 May 2008|publisher=Gold Eagle}}</ref> Suruu me, sarkar aur businesses 1930 ke pahila aadha hissa me jaada kharchaa karin , pahile waala saal ke mukaable me. Lekin kharide waale, jisme se dher log [[1930s]] me stock market me dher paisa lose kare rahin, aapan kharchaa ke 10% se kaat de rahin. Iske saathe, mid-1930s se, ek kharaab jhuura ke kaaran U. S. ke kheti waala jgha ke barbaad kar diis rahaa. <ref>{{cite web|title=Drought: A Paleo Perspective&nbsp;– 20th Century Drought|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/drought/drght_history.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330022940/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/drought/drght_history.html|archive-date=30 March 2009|access-date=5 April 2009|publisher=[[National Climatic Data Center]]}}</ref> Interest rates , mid-1930 talak ekdam kamti hoe gais rahaa, lekin [[deflation]] aur log ke paisa kharchaa kare aur udhaar le pe hichkichaana ke kaaran consumer spending aur investment kamti rahaa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hamilton|first=James|year=1987|title=Monetary Factors in the Great Depression|journal=Journal of Monetary Economics|volume=19|issue=2|pages=145–69|doi=10.1016/0304-3932(87)90045-6|issn=0304-3932}}</ref> May 1930 talak, motar ke [[:wkt:bikri|bikri]] 1928 ke level se kamti hoe gais rahaa. Jaada chij ke daam gire lagaa, lekin talab 1930 me nai gira rahaa. 1931 me ek [[deflationary spiral]] suruu bhais rahaa. Kisan log ke prathithi aur kharaa rahaak; fasal ke girte daam aur Great Plains me jhuura uu log economic outlook ke naas kar diis rahaa. Great Depression ke choti pe Great Plains le lagbhag 10% khet ke bejaa gais rahaa, federal sarkar ke sahaeta ke bawajuut. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Great Depression|url=https://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/DustBowl/TheGreatDepression.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329184059/http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/DustBowl/TheGreatDepression.aspx|archive-date=29 March 2018|access-date=29 March 2018|website=drought.unl.edu|language=en-US}}</ref> {{stub}} <!-- interwiki --> [[Category:G]] [[Category:Itihaas]] fkipej6cwir1c40jpwu23fcmaw4b1i3 336945 336944 2026-08-02T09:45:59Z Snandan 529 /* Crisis ke suruu ke economic picture */ 336945 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Unemployed marching to see Mitchell, 1931.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Many became [[unemployment|unemployed]] in the Great Depression.]] '''Great Depression''' uu time rahaa jab dunia bhar ke des ke economy bahut kharaam hoe gais rahaa. Ii 1929 ke Wall Street Crash se suruu bhais rahaa. [[24 October]] [[1929]] se lae ke [[29 October]] [[1929]] talak wall street me share ke daam bahut jaada giraa. Dher jan ke kaam se nikal dewa gais rahaa. Ii log bahut garib hoe gain aur kuchh log ke rahe khatir ghar bhi nai rahaa. == Overview == {{Multiple image | image1 = US Unemployment from 1910-1960.svg | image2 = 1929 wall street crash graph.svg | caption1 = U. S. ke unemployment rate 1910 se 1960 tak, jisme Great Depression (1929–39) ke saal ke highlight karaa gais hae | caption2 = Dow Jones Industrial Average, 1928–1930 | align = right }} === Crisis ke suruu ke economic picture === [[Wall Street crash of 1929]] ke baad, jab [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] 381 se 198 jiraa rahaa, dui mahina me , lekin log optimistik rahin kuchh din talak. 1930 ke suruwaat me, stock market uppar gais, aur April 1930 me Dow 294 talak pahunch gais (pre-depression levels), lekin iske baad ii niche gire lagaa, aur 1932 me 41 talak gir gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite web|title=1998/99 Prognosis Based Upon 1929 Market Autopsy|url=https://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_98/vronsky060698.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517075810/https://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_98/vronsky060698.html|archive-date=17 May 2008|access-date=22 May 2008|publisher=Gold Eagle}}</ref> Suruu me, sarkar aur businesses 1930 ke pahila aadha hissa me jaada kharchaa karin , pahile waala saal ke mukaable me. Lekin kharide waale, jisme se dher log [[1930s]] me stock market me dher paisa lose kare rahin, aapan kharchaa ke 10% se kaat de rahin. Iske saathe, mid-1930s se, ek kharaab jhuura ke kaaran U. S. ke kheti waala jgha ke barbaad kar diis rahaa. <ref>{{cite web|title=Drought: A Paleo Perspective&nbsp;– 20th Century Drought|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/drought/drght_history.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330022940/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/drought/drght_history.html|archive-date=30 March 2009|access-date=5 April 2009|publisher=[[National Climatic Data Center]]}}</ref> Interest rates , mid-1930 talak ekdam kamti hoe gais rahaa, lekin [[deflation]] aur log ke paisa kharchaa kare aur udhaar le pe hichkichaana ke kaaran consumer spending aur investment kamti rahaa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hamilton|first=James|year=1987|title=Monetary Factors in the Great Depression|journal=Journal of Monetary Economics|volume=19|issue=2|pages=145–69|doi=10.1016/0304-3932(87)90045-6|issn=0304-3932}}</ref> May 1930 talak, motar ke [[wikt:bikri|bikri]] 1928 ke level se kamti hoe gais rahaa. Jaada chij ke daam gire lagaa, lekin [[wikt:talab|talab]] 1930 me nai gira rahaa. 1931 me ek [[deflationary spiral]] suruu bhais rahaa. Kisan log ke prathithi aur kharaa rahaak; fasal ke girte daam aur Great Plains me jhuura uu log economic outlook ke naas kar diis rahaa. Great Depression ke choti pe Great Plains le lagbhag 10% khet ke bejaa gais rahaa, federal sarkar ke sahaeta ke bawajuut. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Great Depression|url=https://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/DustBowl/TheGreatDepression.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329184059/http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/DustBowl/TheGreatDepression.aspx|archive-date=29 March 2018|access-date=29 March 2018|website=drought.unl.edu|language=en-US}}</ref> {{stub}} <!-- interwiki --> [[Category:G]] [[Category:Itihaas]] 75vw3sucja64yuvg7a4mc64oqaj59jx 336946 336945 2026-08-02T10:29:08Z Snandan 529 /* Overview */ 336946 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Unemployed marching to see Mitchell, 1931.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Many became [[unemployment|unemployed]] in the Great Depression.]] '''Great Depression''' uu time rahaa jab dunia bhar ke des ke economy bahut kharaam hoe gais rahaa. Ii 1929 ke Wall Street Crash se suruu bhais rahaa. [[24 October]] [[1929]] se lae ke [[29 October]] [[1929]] talak wall street me share ke daam bahut jaada giraa. Dher jan ke kaam se nikal dewa gais rahaa. Ii log bahut garib hoe gain aur kuchh log ke rahe khatir ghar bhi nai rahaa. == Overview == {{Multiple image | image1 = US Unemployment from 1910-1960.svg | image2 = 1929 wall street crash graph.svg | caption1 = U. S. ke unemployment rate 1910 se 1960 tak, jisme Great Depression (1929–39) ke saal ke highlight karaa gais hae | caption2 = Dow Jones Industrial Average, 1928–1930 | align = right }} === Crisis ke suruu ke economic picture === [[Wall Street crash of 1929]] ke baad, jab [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] 381 se 198 jiraa rahaa, dui mahina me , lekin log optimistik rahin kuchh din talak. 1930 ke suruwaat me, stock market uppar gais, aur April 1930 me Dow 294 talak pahunch gais (pre-depression levels), lekin iske baad ii niche gire lagaa, aur 1932 me 41 talak gir gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite web|title=1998/99 Prognosis Based Upon 1929 Market Autopsy|url=https://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_98/vronsky060698.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517075810/https://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_98/vronsky060698.html|archive-date=17 May 2008|access-date=22 May 2008|publisher=Gold Eagle}}</ref> Suruu me, sarkar aur businesses 1930 ke pahila aadha hissa me jaada kharchaa karin , pahile waala saal ke mukaable me. Lekin kharide waale, jisme se dher log [[1930s]] me stock market me dher paisa lose kare rahin, aapan kharchaa ke 10% se kaat de rahin. Iske saathe, mid-1930s se, ek kharaab jhuura ke kaaran U. S. ke kheti waala jgha ke barbaad kar diis rahaa. <ref>{{cite web|title=Drought: A Paleo Perspective&nbsp;– 20th Century Drought|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/drought/drght_history.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330022940/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/drought/drght_history.html|archive-date=30 March 2009|access-date=5 April 2009|publisher=[[National Climatic Data Center]]}}</ref> Interest rates , mid-1930 talak ekdam kamti hoe gais rahaa, lekin [[deflation]] aur log ke paisa kharchaa kare aur udhaar le pe hichkichaana ke kaaran consumer spending aur investment kamti rahaa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hamilton|first=James|year=1987|title=Monetary Factors in the Great Depression|journal=Journal of Monetary Economics|volume=19|issue=2|pages=145–69|doi=10.1016/0304-3932(87)90045-6|issn=0304-3932}}</ref> May 1930 talak, motar ke [[wikt:bikri|bikri]] 1928 ke level se kamti hoe gais rahaa. Jaada chij ke daam gire lagaa, lekin [[wikt:talab|talab]] 1930 me nai gira rahaa. 1931 me ek [[deflationary spiral]] suruu bhais rahaa. Kisan log ke prathithi aur kharaa rahaak; fasal ke girte daam aur Great Plains me jhuura uu log economic outlook ke naas kar diis rahaa. Great Depression ke choti pe Great Plains le lagbhag 10% khet ke bejaa gais rahaa, federal sarkar ke sahaeta ke bawajuut. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Great Depression|url=https://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/DustBowl/TheGreatDepression.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329184059/http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/DustBowl/TheGreatDepression.aspx|archive-date=29 March 2018|access-date=29 March 2018|website=drought.unl.edu|language=en-US}}</ref> === United States se bahaar === Suruu me, [[U.S. economy]] ke [[wikt:utpaadan|utpaadan]] kamti hona, khaali ek kaaran rahaa, jisse aur des me bhi utpaadan giaa rahaa, trade, capital movement, aur global business confidence kamti bhais rahaa. Iske baad, har ek des ke bhitri kamjori nai to taagat, haalat ke aur kharaab nai to achchhaa karis rahaa. Jaise, U.K. ke economy, jon ek economic downturn me rahaa late [[1920s]] bhar, me depression ke kamti asar rahaa, U.S. ke mukable me, Iske jagha, German economyke industrial output U.S. ke rakam gira rahaa.<ref name=cpk>{{Cite book|last=Kindleberger|first=Charles P.|title=The world in depression, 1929–1939|date=1986|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-05591-9|edition=Rev. and enl.|series=History of the world economy in the twentieth century|location=Berkeley}}</ref> Kuchh economic historians rates of recovery and relative severity of the economic decline ke antar ke attribute kare hae ki uu des effectively aapan currency ke devaluate kare paais rahaa ki nai. Iske support mile hae ki kaise ii crisis progress bhais rahaa in, e.g., Britain, Argentina, aur Brazil me, jon sab aapan currency ke jaldi devalue kar de rahin aur normal patterns of growth pe aur jaldi laut gay rahin, uu des ke mukable me jon [[gold standard]] ke kaam me laate rahin, jaise [[France]] aur [[Belgium]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kindleberger|first=Charles Poor|title=The world in depression, 1929–1939|date=1973|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-05592-6|edition=Rev. and enl. ed., 11. [print.]|series=History of the world economy in the twentieth century|location=Berkeley, Calif.}}</ref> Ek-ek des ke kosis aapan des ke shore kare ke [[protectionist]] policies se—jaise 1930 me U.S. [[Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act]] aur retaliatory tariffs duusra des me, ke kaaran dunia ke trade gir gais rahaa, jisse depression aur kharaab hoe gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historic Events for Students: The Great Depression|date=July 2002|publisher=Gale|isbn=978-0-7876-5701-7|editor-last1=Richard|editor-first1=Clay Hanes|edition=Volume I}}</ref> 1933 talak, economic decline ke kaaran dunia ke trade, chaar saal pahile ke one-third rahaa.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tignor|first=Robert L.|title=Worlds together, worlds apart: a history of the world from the beginnings of humankind to the present|date=28 October 2013|isbn=978-0-393-92207-3|edition=Fourth|location=New York|oclc=854609153|publisher=W. W. Norton}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50%;text-align: right;" |+ conomic indicators 1929–1932 ke badlao<ref>[[Jerome Blum]], [[Rondo Cameron]], [[Thomas G. Barnes]], ''The European world: a history,'' (2nd ed 1970), 885 pp.</ref> |- ! scope="col" style="width:36%;"| ! scope="col" style="width:16%; text-align:center;"| United States ! scope="col" style="width:16%; text-align:center;"| United Kingdom ! scope="col" style="width:16%; text-align:center;"| France ! scope="col" style="width:16%; text-align:center;"| Germany |- | style="text-align: left;"| Industrial production | −46% | −23% | −24% | −41% |- | style="text-align: left;"| Wholesale prices | −32% | −33% | −34% | −29% |- | style="text-align: left;"| Foreign trade | −70% | −60% | −54% | −61% |- | style="text-align: left;"| Unemployment | +607% | +129% | +214% | +232% |} {{stub}} <!-- interwiki --> [[Category:G]] [[Category:Itihaas]] iecdm8vnrszs1z05zfj0d80uzs6otsj 336947 336946 2026-08-02T11:16:43Z Snandan 529 336947 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Unemployed marching to see Mitchell, 1931.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Many became [[unemployment|unemployed]] in the Great Depression.]] '''Great Depression''' uu time rahaa jab dunia bhar ke des ke economy bahut kharaam hoe gais rahaa. Ii 1929 ke Wall Street Crash se suruu bhais rahaa. [[24 October]] [[1929]] se lae ke [[29 October]] [[1929]] talak wall street me share ke daam bahut jaada giraa. Dher jan ke kaam se nikal dewa gais rahaa. Ii log bahut garib hoe gain aur kuchh log ke rahe khatir ghar bhi nai rahaa. == Overview == {{Multiple image | image1 = US Unemployment from 1910-1960.svg | image2 = 1929 wall street crash graph.svg | caption1 = U. S. ke unemployment rate 1910 se 1960 tak, jisme Great Depression (1929–39) ke saal ke highlight karaa gais hae | caption2 = Dow Jones Industrial Average, 1928–1930 | align = right }} === Crisis ke suruu ke economic picture === [[Wall Street crash of 1929]] ke baad, jab [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] 381 se 198 jiraa rahaa, dui mahina me , lekin log optimistik rahin kuchh din talak. 1930 ke suruwaat me, stock market uppar gais, aur April 1930 me Dow 294 talak pahunch gais (pre-depression levels), lekin iske baad ii niche gire lagaa, aur 1932 me 41 talak gir gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite web|title=1998/99 Prognosis Based Upon 1929 Market Autopsy|url=https://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_98/vronsky060698.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517075810/https://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_98/vronsky060698.html|archive-date=17 May 2008|access-date=22 May 2008|publisher=Gold Eagle}}</ref> Suruu me, sarkar aur businesses 1930 ke pahila aadha hissa me jaada kharchaa karin , pahile waala saal ke mukaable me. Lekin kharide waale, jisme se dher log [[1930s]] me stock market me dher paisa lose kare rahin, aapan kharchaa ke 10% se kaat de rahin. Iske saathe, mid-1930s se, ek kharaab jhuura ke kaaran U. S. ke kheti waala jgha ke barbaad kar diis rahaa. <ref>{{cite web|title=Drought: A Paleo Perspective&nbsp;– 20th Century Drought|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/drought/drght_history.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330022940/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/drought/drght_history.html|archive-date=30 March 2009|access-date=5 April 2009|publisher=[[National Climatic Data Center]]}}</ref> Interest rates , mid-1930 talak ekdam kamti hoe gais rahaa, lekin [[deflation]] aur log ke paisa kharchaa kare aur udhaar le pe hichkichaana ke kaaran consumer spending aur investment kamti rahaa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hamilton|first=James|year=1987|title=Monetary Factors in the Great Depression|journal=Journal of Monetary Economics|volume=19|issue=2|pages=145–69|doi=10.1016/0304-3932(87)90045-6|issn=0304-3932}}</ref> May 1930 talak, motar ke [[wikt:bikri|bikri]] 1928 ke level se kamti hoe gais rahaa. Jaada chij ke daam gire lagaa, lekin [[wikt:talab|talab]] 1930 me nai gira rahaa. 1931 me ek [[deflationary spiral]] suruu bhais rahaa. Kisan log ke prathithi aur kharaa rahaak; fasal ke girte daam aur Great Plains me jhuura uu log economic outlook ke naas kar diis rahaa. Great Depression ke choti pe Great Plains le lagbhag 10% khet ke bejaa gais rahaa, federal sarkar ke sahaeta ke bawajuut. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Great Depression|url=https://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/DustBowl/TheGreatDepression.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329184059/http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/DustBowl/TheGreatDepression.aspx|archive-date=29 March 2018|access-date=29 March 2018|website=drought.unl.edu|language=en-US}}</ref> === United States se bahaar === Suruu me, [[U.S. economy]] ke [[wikt:utpaadan|utpaadan]] kamti hona, khaali ek kaaran rahaa, jisse aur des me bhi utpaadan giaa rahaa, trade, capital movement, aur global business confidence kamti bhais rahaa. Iske baad, har ek des ke bhitri kamjori nai to taagat, haalat ke aur kharaab nai to achchhaa karis rahaa. Jaise, U.K. ke economy, jon ek economic downturn me rahaa late [[1920s]] bhar, me depression ke kamti asar rahaa, U.S. ke mukable me, Iske jagha, German economyke industrial output U.S. ke rakam gira rahaa.<ref name=cpk>{{Cite book|last=Kindleberger|first=Charles P.|title=The world in depression, 1929–1939|date=1986|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-05591-9|edition=Rev. and enl.|series=History of the world economy in the twentieth century|location=Berkeley}}</ref> Kuchh economic historians rates of recovery and relative severity of the economic decline ke antar ke attribute kare hae ki uu des effectively aapan currency ke devaluate kare paais rahaa ki nai. Iske support mile hae ki kaise ii crisis progress bhais rahaa in, e.g., Britain, Argentina, aur Brazil me, jon sab aapan currency ke jaldi devalue kar de rahin aur normal patterns of growth pe aur jaldi laut gay rahin, uu des ke mukable me jon [[gold standard]] ke kaam me laate rahin, jaise [[France]] aur [[Belgium]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kindleberger|first=Charles Poor|title=The world in depression, 1929–1939|date=1973|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-05592-6|edition=Rev. and enl. ed., 11. [print.]|series=History of the world economy in the twentieth century|location=Berkeley, Calif.}}</ref> Ek-ek des ke kosis aapan des ke shore kare ke [[protectionist]] policies se—jaise 1930 me U.S. [[Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act]] aur retaliatory tariffs duusra des me, ke kaaran dunia ke trade gir gais rahaa, jisse depression aur kharaab hoe gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historic Events for Students: The Great Depression|date=July 2002|publisher=Gale|isbn=978-0-7876-5701-7|editor-last1=Richard|editor-first1=Clay Hanes|edition=Volume I}}</ref> 1933 talak, economic decline ke kaaran dunia ke trade, chaar saal pahile ke one-third rahaa.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tignor|first=Robert L.|title=Worlds together, worlds apart: a history of the world from the beginnings of humankind to the present|date=28 October 2013|isbn=978-0-393-92207-3|edition=Fourth|location=New York|oclc=854609153|publisher=W. W. Norton}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50%;text-align: right;" |+ conomic indicators 1929–1932 ke badlao<ref>[[Jerome Blum]], [[Rondo Cameron]], [[Thomas G. Barnes]], ''The European world: a history,'' (2nd ed 1970), 885 pp.</ref> |- ! scope="col" style="width:36%;"| ! scope="col" style="width:16%; text-align:center;"| United States ! scope="col" style="width:16%; text-align:center;"| United Kingdom ! scope="col" style="width:16%; text-align:center;"| France ! scope="col" style="width:16%; text-align:center;"| Germany |- | style="text-align: left;"| Industrial production | −46% | −23% | −24% | −41% |- | style="text-align: left;"| Wholesale prices | −32% | −33% | −34% | −29% |- | style="text-align: left;"| Foreign trade | −70% | −60% | −54% | −61% |- | style="text-align: left;"| Unemployment | +607% | +129% | +214% | +232% |} == Course == [[File:Crowd outside nyse.jpg|thumb|upright=.9|Ek jhund [[Wall Street]] aur Broad Street ke intersection pe ekkathaa hoe hae Wall Street crash of 1929 ke baad]] === Origins === Jab ki Great Depression ke kaaran ke dispute karaa jaae hae aur iske duuno global aur national phenomena pe trace karaa jaae sake hae, iske immediate kaaran ke U.S. economy ke context me examine karaa jaawe hae, jahaan se ii crises dunia ke baaki des me faela rahaa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Kiran Klaus |title=The New Deal: A Global History |date=2016 |publisher=Princeton University Press |pages=1–45 |doi=10.2307/j.ctt1h4mhhp |jstor=j.ctt1h4mhhp |isbn=978-0-691-14912-7 }}</ref> [[World War I]] ke baad, [[Roaring Twenties]] United States aur Western Europe me dher prosperity laais rahaa.<ref name="Soule-1947">George H. Soule, ''Prosperity Decade: From War to Depression: 1917–1929,'' (1947).</ref> Suruu me, 1929 ke saal suruu bhais jisme achchhaa economic prospects rahaa: 25 March 1929 me ek chhotaa crash ke bawajuut, market September talak barrte rahaa. Stock prices September me gire lagaa aur mahina ke ant me volatile rahaa.<ref name="pbsstock2">{{cite web|title=Timeline: A selected Wall Street chronology|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/crash/timeline/timeline2.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923040829/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/crash/timeline/timeline2.html|archive-date=23 September 2008|access-date=30 September 2008|publisher=PBS}}</ref> Stocks ke ek barra bikri October ke biich me suruu bhais rahaa. Aakhri me, 24 October ke din, [[Wall Street crash of 1929|Black Thursday]] bhais, American stock 11% gira rahaa, opening bell pe. Market ke stabilize kare ke kosis asafal rahaa, aur 28 October, Black Monday ke din, market aur 12% giraa rahaa. Agle din, Black Tuesday ke roj, market ek aur 11% gira.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Post|first1=Special to Financial|date=24 October 2011|title=The Great Crash of 1929, some key dates|language=en-CA|website=Financial Post|url=https://financialpost.com/personal-finance/the-great-crash-of-1929-some-key-dates|access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|author=<!--ET Bureau-->|date=22 October 2017|title=Market crash of 1929: Some facts of the economic downturn|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/miscellaneous/market-crash-of-1929-some-facts-of-the-economic-downturn/articleshow/61166918.cms|access-date=16 February 2019|work=The Economic Times|publisher=Times Inernet}}</ref> Hajaaro investors barbaad hoe gay rahin, aur billions of dollars khalaas hoe gais rahaa; dher stocks ke koi daam me bhi nai beja jaae sakat rahaa, koi bhi daam me.<ref name=":4" /> Budh ke din, market 12% uppar gais, lekin ii time talak dher barbaadi hoe gais rahaa. Jab ki market 14 November se 17 April 1930 talak recovery me rahaa, jaada kar ke ii ek lambaa slump rahaa. F September 1929 se 8 July 1932 talak, market 85% gira rahaa .<ref>Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Economic Data website ke anusaar, jon monthly timeseries 1929 September – 1932 June pe based hae, Dow Jones Industrial Average 87.1% giraa, jab Cowles Commission aur S&P's ke stock index 85.0% gira rahaa: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=qj2m , https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=qj2l.</ref> Crash ke bawajuut, crisis ke sab se kharaab effect dunia bhar me 1929 ke baad faela rahaa. December 1930 me crisis fir se panic level pahunch gais rahaa, jisme ek [[bank run]] [[Bank of United States]] pe, pahile ke a privately run bank jiske U.S. government (not to be confused with the [[Federal Reserve]]) se koi sambandh nai rahaa. Kaaheki ii bank aapan creditors ke bhare nai paais rahaa, ii fail hoe gais rahaa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gordon|first=John Steele|date=November–December 2018|title=The Bank of United States|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2160290916|journal=ABA Banking Journal|volume=110|issue=6|pages=58|id={{ProQuest|2160290916}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Calomiris|first=Charles W.|date=November 2007|title=Bank Failures in Theory and History: The Great Depression and Other "Contagious" Events|url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w13597|journal=National Bureau of Economic Research|series=Working Paper Series|doi=10.3386/w13597|s2cid=154123748|doi-access=free}}</ref> 608 American banks jon November aur December 1930 me band bhay rahin, Bank of United States ke $550&nbsp;million deposits lost deposit ke one-third rahaa, aur iske band hoe ke kaaran closure, bank failures ek critical mass me paunch gais rahaa.<ref>{{Citation|last=Ferguson|first=Niall|title=The Ascent of Money|date=October 2009|pages=163|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-986-173-584-9}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} <!-- interwiki --> [[Category:G]] [[Category:Itihaas]] anc9jg8iuvwlm9rexfxpb2rmz22n7zj 0 6920 336950 309948 2026-08-02T11:58:53Z Snandan 529 336950 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hammer sickle clean.png|thumb|150px|right|Haaama aur hansua, samyawaad aur majuur e taagat ke nisaan hae.]]'''Samyawaad (Communism)''' , rajniti ke ek biswas hae jisme sab log ke ek baraabar maana jaae hae. {{stub}} [[Vibhag:S]] [[vibhag:Samayawaad| ]] jrawhg1lhcevr11nlv8lo90sztdu57z 2 23160 336941 316701 2026-08-01T23:43:19Z Pathoschild 71 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]]) 336941 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__<div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#babel:ko|en-3|hif-0}} [[File:Revi wikimedia image.jpg|thumb|center|middle|If you are here to talk about CommonsDelinker removing a deleted image, please [[:c:User talk:Revi C.|go here]].]] Hello! I am [[:m:User:Revi C.|revi]]. I edit to [[m:SWMT|revert vandals]], do Wikidata stuff<!--(I am a Wikidata Admin! <small>([{{fullurl:wikidata:Special:ListUsers/Revi C.|limit=1}} Verify])</small>)-->, or do [[:c:COM:FR|Commons Filemoving stuff]] (I am Commons Admin too! <small>([{{fullurl:c:Special:ListUsers/Revi C.|limit=1}} Verify])</small>). Come to [[:m:User:Revi C.|my Meta userpage]] or [[:c:User:Revi C.|my Commons userpage]] for more information. Thank you.</div> o0tnbsv9csw0a91z3s6a2pvj88s0cwa 3 23161 336938 316700 2026-08-01T23:09:45Z Pathoschild 71 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]]) 336938 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__<div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Revi logo (pink).png|thumb|center|<span style="color:red">PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE MESSAGE HERE!</span>]] ''' <span style="color:red"> BEFORE YOU BLOCK MY ACCOUNT: IF MY EDIT SUMMARY INCLUDE PREFIX </span>''(Script)''<span style="color:red">, DON'T BLOCK ME, JUST TELL ME TO SLOW DOWN AT COMMONS' TALK PAGE. IT IS AN AUTOMATED SCRIPT BEING USED ON COMMONS TO MOVE FILES.</span> Instead, please leave your message following site: <br /> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|45px|link=d:User talk:Revi C.]] [[d:User talk:Revi C.]] for Wikidata (Interwiki links) stuff <!--(I am {{int:Group-sysop}} there)--> <br /> [[File:Commons-logo.svg|45px|link=commons:User talk:Revi C.]] [[commons:User talk:Revi C.]] for renaming stuff or [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] action (I am {{int:Group-sysop}} there) <br /> [[File:Wikimedia Community Logo optimized.svg|45px|link=m:User talk:Revi C.]] [[meta:User talk:Revi C.]] for other stuff (User right notification, revert message, etc...) Messages left on this page may be reverted or moved without any response.</div> esxe13mcstpjlux1bt2hqwxr2v8t8mn 2 23939 336942 316860 2026-08-02T00:29:00Z Pathoschild 71 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Hym411]]) 336942 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User:Revi C.]] 88g0cv17whfgb1wkeh281mptujwtlut 3 23940 336943 316861 2026-08-02T00:59:54Z Pathoschild 71 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Hym411]]) 336943 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:Revi C.]] o9z79lcc9a9pfmqmrod5w3eyk4q9i0o 0 68018 336949 336903 2026-08-02T11:45:17Z Snandan 529 /* Ghatna */ 336949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Year nav range|{{PAGENAME}}}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MMXXVI) ek saadhaaran saal hae, jon [[wikt:bif |bif]] ke roj suruu bhais rahaa. Ii [[3rd millennium]] aur [[21st century]] 26th saal hae, aur [[2020s]] dassak ke 7th saal hae. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2082-2083, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1947-1948, Kali Yuga ke 5126-5127, Islamic calendar ke 1447-1448, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 558 saal hae. == Ghatna == * [[19 July]] - 20th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Canada]], [[Mexico]] aur [[United States]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Spain]], [[Argentina]] ke 1-0 se harais rahaa. * [[30 July]] - Saath hajaar migrants [[Morocco]]-[[Spain]] border ke [[Ceuta]] me paar kare rahin, jisme 67 lag mar gay rahin. [[File:Official_portrait_of_Andy_Burnham_MP_2026_(cropped_3x4)_2.jpg|right|100px|thumb|Burnham]] * [[20 July]] - '''[[Andy Burnham]]''' ke [[Keir Starmer]] ke jagha, [[United Kingdom]] ke Labour Party ke neta aur Prime Minister banaawa gais rahaa. == Chhutti aur Teohaar == * [[1 January]] - Fiji me '''Nawaa Saal''' ke chhutti rahaa<ref name="holidays">[https://www.employment.gov.fj/uploads/notice/GN_70_-_Declaration_of_Public_Holidays_for_2026.pdf Cabinet endorses 11 public holidays for 2025]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[3 April]] - Fiji me '''Good Friday''' ke chhutti rahaa <ref name="holidays"/> * [[26 March]] - Fiji me '''Ram Naumi''' banaawa gais rahaa. * [[4 April]] - Fiji me '''Easter Saturday''' ke chhutti rahaa <ref name="holidays"/> * [[6 April]] - Fiji me '''Easter Monday''' ke chhutti rahaa <ref name="holidays"/> * [[15 May]] - Fiji me '''Girmit Day''' ke chhutti rahaa <ref name="holidays"/> * [[29 May]] - Fiji me '''Ratu Sukuna Day''' ke chhutti rahaa <ref name="holidays"/> * [[24 August]] - Fiji me '''Prophet Mohammed ke birthday''' khatir chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> * [[10 October]] - Fiji me '''Fiji Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> * [[9 November]] - Fiji me '''Diwali''' ke chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> * [[25 December]] - Fiji me '''Barraa Din''' ke chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> * [[26 December]] - Fiji me '''Boxing Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.<ref name="holidays"/> == Janam == == Maut == == References == <references/> <br /> {{commons|Category:2026}} [[Vibhag:2]] [[vibhag:2026]] c6234xoo2sx3d95lulsngtwtusjv604 3 69367 336940 2026-08-01T23:10:18Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 336940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Oalexander}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 23:10, 1 August 2026 (UTC) n4g9ww3ugz3e5lxsrt99kc82ejb6r63