Template:Taaja khabar

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      <text bytes="1032" sha1="4k84zokr0usux5nrk3876tmvq59pa3s" xml:space="preserve">* [[30 July]] - Saath hajaar migrants [[Morocco]]-[[Spain]] border ke [[Ceuta]] me paar kare rahin, jisme 67 lag mar gay rahin.
[[File:Official_portrait_of_Andy_Burnham_MP_2026_(cropped_3x4)_2.jpg|right|100px|thumb|Burnham]]
* [[20 July]] - '''[[Andy Burnham]]''' ke [[Keir Starmer]] ke jagha, [[United Kingdom]] ke Labour Party ke neta aur Prime Minister banaawa gais rahaa.
*[[20 July]] - [[2026]] ke '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Spain]] jiitis, [[Argentina]] ke final me 1-0 se harae ke.
* [[28 June]] - [[Labasa]] ke [[Subrail Park]] me [[Ba Football Association|Ba]], [[Navua Soccer Association|Navua]] ke 3 - 1 (penalty kicks) se harae ke '''[[Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament 2026|2026 ke FACT]]''' ke jiit liis.
*[[22 June]] - [[United States]] ke Air Force aur Navy, [[Iran]] ke tiin nuclear facilities ke attack karis.
* [[21 April]] - '''[[Pope Francis]]''' ke maut Vatican City me bhais rahaa.
* [[30 March]] - Ek '''7.7 magnitude bhukamp''' ke kaaran [[Myanmar]] aur [[Thailand]] me 2,000 log ke maut hoe gais.</text>
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  <page>
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      <text bytes="1441" sha1="7a96omv4y1l68hj3yd6l0mus0frb0d8" xml:space="preserve">* [[14 February]] -  '''[[Champion versus Champion (Fiji) 2025|33rd Champion versus Champion (CVC) series]]''' [[Rewa Soccer Association|Rewa]] aur [[Labasa Soccer Association|Labasa]] ke biich me khela gais. Pahila game, jiske Nausori ke [[Ratu Cakobau Park]] me, 6 February me khela gais rahaa me Rewa, Labasa ke 1-0 se harais.  Duusra game jiske 14 February me Labasa ke [[Subrail Park]] me khela gais rahaa 0-0 draw rahaa. Ii rakam se Rewa CVC supercup ke tiisra dafe jiitis.
* [[6 December]] - [[Labasa]] ke [[Subrail Park]] me [[Suva Soccer Association|Suva]], [[Nadi Soccer Association|Nadi]] ke 1 - 0 se harae ke '''[[Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament 2020|2020 ke FACT]]''' ke jiit liis.
* [[11 October]] - [[Suva]] ke [[ANZ Stadium (Fiji)|ANZ Stadium]] me [[Labasa Soccer Association|Labasa]], [[Lautoka Football Association|Lautoka]] ke 2 - 1 se harae ke '''[[Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 2020|2020 ke Interdistrict]]''' ke jiit liis.
* [[15 August]] - [[Lautoka]] ke [[Churchill Park (Fiji)|Churchill Park]] me [[Rewa Soccer Association|Rewa]], [[Suva Soccer Association|Suva]] ke 1 -0 se harae ke '''[[Battle of the Giants (Fiji) 2020|2020 Battle Of Giants]]''', ke jiit liis. Aur Ba Nadi ke 2 - 1 se harae ke tiisra place me rahaa.

&lt;div align =&quot;right&quot;&gt; '''[[Template:Football ke taaja khabar ke archive/2012|2012 ke Archive]]''' &lt;/div&gt;
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      <text bytes="1454" sha1="e3qxsrxvlcdjm9i6xi5nyaxpp8pz8cy" xml:space="preserve">* [[14 February]] -  '''[[Champion versus Champion (Fiji) 2025|33rd Champion versus Champion (CVC) series]]''' [[Rewa Soccer Association|Rewa]] aur [[Labasa Soccer Association|Labasa]] ke biich me khela gais. Pahila game, jiske Nausori ke [[Ratu Cakobau Park]] me, 6 February me khela gais rahaa me Rewa, Labasa ke 1-0 se harais.  Duusra game jiske 14 February me Labasa ke [[Subrail Park]] me khela gais rahaa 0-0 draw rahaa. Ii rakam se Rewa CVC supercup ke tiisra dafe jiitis.
* [[28 June]] - [[Labasa]] ke [[Subrail Park]] me [[Ba Football Association|Ba]], [[Navua Soccer Association|Navua]] ke 3 - 1 (penalty kicks) se harae ke '''[[Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament 2026|2026 ke FACT]]''' ke jiit liis.
* [[11 October]] - [[Suva]] ke [[ANZ Stadium (Fiji)|ANZ Stadium]] me [[Labasa Soccer Association|Labasa]], [[Lautoka Football Association|Lautoka]] ke 2 - 1 se harae ke '''[[Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 2020|2020 ke Interdistrict]]''' ke jiit liis.
* [[15 August]] - [[Lautoka]] ke [[Churchill Park (Fiji)|Churchill Park]] me [[Rewa Soccer Association|Rewa]], [[Suva Soccer Association|Suva]] ke 1 -0 se harae ke '''[[Battle of the Giants (Fiji) 2020|2020 Battle Of Giants]]''', ke jiit liis. Aur Ba Nadi ke 2 - 1 se harae ke tiisra place me rahaa.

&lt;div align =&quot;right&quot;&gt; '''[[Template:Football ke taaja khabar ke archive/2012|2012 ke Archive]]''' &lt;/div&gt;
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[[Category:Templates]]
[[Category:Fiji me football]]
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    <title>Meiji Restoration</title>
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      <text bytes="2082" sha1="ca78rir2pxe1chklc7zerdplzufqw7v" xml:space="preserve">'''Meiji Restoration''', [[Japan]] ke itihaas ke ek sabd hae. Japanese bhasa me , ''Meiji-ishin'' sabd '''Meiji Restoration''' ke khatir kaam me laawa jaawat rahaa. Isse Japan me [[1868]] me Emperor Meiji ke raaj suruu bhais rahaa.

Ii restoration ke baad Japan me dher pariwartan aais. Japan industrialise hoe gais aur western ideas ke Japan me laawa gais.

1854 me [[America]] &quot;gunboat diplomacy&quot; ke kaam me laae Japan ke [orts ke overseas trade ke khaatir kholwais rahaa. Jon treaty ke Japan ke foreign powers se sign kare ke parraa rahaa ke Japan me &quot;Unequal Treaties&quot; bola jaat rahaa.

== Background ==
=== Rajnaiyik aur samajik banaawat ===
[[Edo period]] me, Japan pe raaj karaa jaawat rahaa ek strict aur rigid samajik order jiske position janam adhikaar se aawat rahaa.  Ii hierarchy,  descending order me rahaa [[Emperor of Japan|Emperor]] aur uske [[Imperial Court in Kyoto|Court]] sab se uppar rahin. [[shogun|Shōgun]],  [[rōjū]] aur [[Daimyo|daimyō]] ke saathe, uske niche samaj ke sab se uppar rahin. Uulog ke niche rahin [[samurai]] ke subdivisions, kisan, artisans, aur merchants.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=22}} Historian [[Marius B. Jansen]], ii system ke  political organisation ke &quot;[[feudalism|feudal]] autonomy&quot; batais hae.{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=3}} Ii sarkar ke structure rahaa rahaa, jahan  shōgun jada control dher daimyō ke,  aapan [[Han system|domains]] , jisse uulog me  control kare sake aapan jurisdiction jab uulog shogun ke  homage pay kare hae irregular taxation se, saadi aur idhar-udhar jaae ke khaatir anumati,{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=6}} aur systems jaise [[sankin-kōtai|alternate attendance]].{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=17–22}} Samurai palwaar ke puura abaadi, [[19th century]] me  30 million people (1,500,000–1,800,000) log me se 5-6% rahaa, ii palwaar me, lagbhag 50 me se 1 &quot;upper samurai&quot;  rahaa, jab baaki ke lagbhag baraabar ke hissa me  &quot;middle&quot; aur &quot;lower&quot; samurai me baata jaawe hae, aur har ek division me dher  subdivisions rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=24, 27}}

==References==
{{reflist}}


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      <text bytes="4531" sha1="scawn3r0lgdqptptz6j8ulu9bkyo0cu" xml:space="preserve">'''Meiji Restoration''', [[Japan]] ke itihaas ke ek sabd hae. Japanese bhasa me , ''Meiji-ishin'' sabd '''Meiji Restoration''' ke khatir kaam me laawa jaawat rahaa. Isse Japan me [[1868]] me Emperor Meiji ke raaj suruu bhais rahaa.

Ii restoration ke baad Japan me dher pariwartan aais. Japan industrialise hoe gais aur western ideas ke Japan me laawa gais.

1854 me [[America]] &quot;gunboat diplomacy&quot; ke kaam me laae Japan ke [orts ke overseas trade ke khaatir kholwais rahaa. Jon treaty ke Japan ke foreign powers se sign kare ke parraa rahaa ke Japan me &quot;Unequal Treaties&quot; bola jaat rahaa.

== Background ==
=== Rajnaiyik aur samajik banaawat ===
[[Edo period]] me, Japan pe raaj karaa jaawat rahaa ek strict aur rigid samajik order jiske position janam adhikaar se aawat rahaa.  Ii hierarchy,  descending order me rahaa [[Emperor of Japan|Emperor]] aur uske [[Imperial Court in Kyoto|Court]] sab se uppar rahin. [[shogun|Shōgun]],  [[rōjū]] aur [[Daimyo|daimyō]] ke saathe, uske niche samaj ke sab se uppar rahin. Uulog ke niche rahin [[samurai]] ke subdivisions, kisan, artisans, aur merchants.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=22}} Historian [[Marius B. Jansen]], ii system ke  political organisation ke &quot;[[feudalism|feudal]] autonomy&quot; batais hae.{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=3}} Ii sarkar ke structure rahaa rahaa, jahan  shōgun jada control dher daimyō ke,  aapan [[Han system|domains]] , jisse uulog me  control kare sake aapan jurisdiction jab uulog shogun ke  homage pay kare hae irregular taxation se, saadi aur idhar-udhar jaae ke khaatir anumati,{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=6}} aur systems jaise [[sankin-kōtai|alternate attendance]].{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=17–22}} Samurai palwaar ke puura abaadi, [[19th century]] me  30 million people (1,500,000–1,800,000) log me se 5-6% rahaa, ii palwaar me, lagbhag 50 me se 1 &quot;upper samurai&quot;  rahaa, jab baaki ke lagbhag baraabar ke hissa me  &quot;middle&quot; aur &quot;lower&quot; samurai me baata jaawe hae, aur har ek division me dher  subdivisions rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=24, 27}}

Jon influence [[Tokugawa shogunate]] (bakufu) exert kare hae, abhi ke Japan me, jamiin ke  distribution aur management pe banaa rahaa. Iske domains me baata gais rahaa, jisme har ek domain ke [[koku]], nai to ketna chaur ek given area of land har saal produce kare sake hae, se naapa jaawat rahaa. 1650 talak, shōgun sidhe jamiin ke  control karat rahaa, jisme  lagbhag 4.2 million koku chaur rahaa, aapan direct retainers,  Tokugawa palwaar ([[Shinpan (daimyo)|shinpan daimyō]]) ke aur members, aur uske niche ke log ([[fudai daimyō]]) jon ek combined total of land producing 12.9 million koku out of a national 26 million koku ke control karat rahin. Baaki 9.8 million koku (38% se thorraa kamti) ke  100 virodhi [[tozama daimyō]] me baata gais rahaa. Ii log, uulog ke descendants rahin jon   Tokugawa  ke virodh me larre rahin,  [[Battle of Sekigahara]] me. Dher sab se tagrraa tozama domains  western Japan me rahin, central poer se duur,  jisme fudai jaada kar ke  government offices ke control karat rahin, lekin chhotaa-chhotaa provinces jisse uulog ke  system retain kare ke protsaan mile.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=15–17}}

[[Edo neo-Confucianism|Neo-Confucian]] tenets of bakufu authority ke anusaar, ii system of hierarchy develop bhais rahaa [[bushidō]] me, jiske ek series of descending subordinations encourage karat rahin,{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=34–35}} lekin China ke rakam nai, iske bakufu se  adopt karnaa came to inform an ethic jon structural organisation of the Tokugawa state se different rahaa; iske kaaran ii Western scientific methods ke saathe rahe sakaa. Historian [[William G. Beasley]] ii bahas kare hae ki  tension ii official state ideology jon encourage karat rahaa enlightened meritocratic rule aur rigid class structure jon lower aur middle ranking samurai bureaucrats ke  advancing their position se rokat rahaa, ki biich me tension rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=38}} Jab ii  foreign aur domestic crises ke kaaran aur barrhaa, and in spite ofaur official attempts to begin promoting {{translit|ja|samurai}} to offices beyond their inherited position ke baawajuut,{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=61–63}} ii systems ke biich ke samajik  bonds  weakened kamjor hoe gais, jiske kaaran reformist aur revolutionary attitudes samurai ke biich me aur barrhaa.{{sfn|Bek developing mass culture aur [[mass communication|communication]] me, ke aapan  influence ke political powewr me badlna pe manahi rahaa. {{sfn|Swale|2009|p=21}}


==References==
{{reflist}}


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      <text bytes="6460" sha1="frab6y1z1eekh7kmr09gqpa9yj4c4p3" xml:space="preserve">'''Meiji Restoration''', [[Japan]] ke itihaas ke ek sabd hae. Japanese bhasa me , ''Meiji-ishin'' sabd '''Meiji Restoration''' ke khatir kaam me laawa jaawat rahaa. Isse Japan me [[1868]] me Emperor Meiji ke raaj suruu bhais rahaa.

Ii restoration ke baad Japan me dher pariwartan aais. Japan industrialise hoe gais aur western ideas ke Japan me laawa gais.

1854 me [[America]] &quot;gunboat diplomacy&quot; ke kaam me laae Japan ke [orts ke overseas trade ke khaatir kholwais rahaa. Jon treaty ke Japan ke foreign powers se sign kare ke parraa rahaa ke Japan me &quot;Unequal Treaties&quot; bola jaat rahaa.

== Background ==
=== Rajnaiyik aur samajik banaawat ===
[[Edo period]] me, Japan pe raaj karaa jaawat rahaa ek strict aur rigid samajik order jiske position janam adhikaar se aawat rahaa.  Ii hierarchy,  descending order me rahaa [[Emperor of Japan|Emperor]] aur uske [[Imperial Court in Kyoto|Court]] sab se uppar rahin. [[shogun|Shōgun]],  [[rōjū]] aur [[Daimyo|daimyō]] ke saathe, uske niche samaj ke sab se uppar rahin. Uulog ke niche rahin [[samurai]] ke subdivisions, kisan, artisans, aur merchants.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=22}} Historian [[Marius B. Jansen]], ii system ke  political organisation ke &quot;[[feudalism|feudal]] autonomy&quot; batais hae.{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=3}} Ii sarkar ke structure rahaa rahaa, jahan  shōgun jada control dher daimyō ke,  aapan [[Han system|domains]] , jisse uulog me  control kare sake aapan jurisdiction jab uulog shogun ke  homage pay kare hae irregular taxation se, saadi aur idhar-udhar jaae ke khaatir anumati,{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=6}} aur systems jaise [[sankin-kōtai|alternate attendance]].{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=17–22}} Samurai palwaar ke puura abaadi, [[19th century]] me  30 million people (1,500,000–1,800,000) log me se 5-6% rahaa, ii palwaar me, lagbhag 50 me se 1 &quot;upper samurai&quot;  rahaa, jab baaki ke lagbhag baraabar ke hissa me  &quot;middle&quot; aur &quot;lower&quot; samurai me baata jaawe hae, aur har ek division me dher  subdivisions rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=24, 27}}

Jon influence [[Tokugawa shogunate]] (bakufu) exert kare hae, abhi ke Japan me, jamiin ke  distribution aur management pe banaa rahaa. Iske domains me baata gais rahaa, jisme har ek domain ke [[koku]], nai to ketna chaur ek given area of land har saal produce kare sake hae, se naapa jaawat rahaa. 1650 talak, shōgun sidhe jamiin ke  control karat rahaa, jisme  lagbhag 4.2 million koku chaur rahaa, aapan direct retainers,  Tokugawa palwaar ([[Shinpan (daimyo)|shinpan daimyō]]) ke aur members, aur uske niche ke log ([[fudai daimyō]]) jon ek combined total of land producing 12.9 million koku out of a national 26 million koku ke control karat rahin. Baaki 9.8 million koku (38% se thorraa kamti) ke  100 virodhi [[tozama daimyō]] me baata gais rahaa. Ii log, uulog ke descendants rahin jon   Tokugawa  ke virodh me larre rahin,  [[Battle of Sekigahara]] me. Dher sab se tagrraa tozama domains  western Japan me rahin, central poer se duur,  jisme fudai jaada kar ke  government offices ke control karat rahin, lekin chhotaa-chhotaa provinces jisse uulog ke  system retain kare ke protsaan mile.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=15–17}}

[[Edo neo-Confucianism|Neo-Confucian]] tenets of bakufu authority ke anusaar, ii system of hierarchy develop bhais rahaa [[bushidō]] me, jiske ek series of descending subordinations encourage karat rahin,{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=34–35}} lekin China ke rakam nai, iske bakufu se  adopt karnaa came to inform an ethic jon structural organisation of the Tokugawa state se different rahaa; iske kaaran ii Western scientific methods ke saathe rahe sakaa. Historian [[William G. Beasley]] ii bahas kare hae ki  tension ii official state ideology jon encourage karat rahaa enlightened meritocratic rule aur rigid class structure jon lower aur middle ranking samurai bureaucrats ke  advancing their position se rokat rahaa, ki biich me tension rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=38}} Jab ii  foreign aur domestic crises ke kaaran aur barrhaa, and in spite ofaur official attempts to begin promoting {{translit|ja|samurai}} to offices beyond their inherited position ke baawajuut,{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=61–63}} ii systems ke biich ke samajik  bonds  weakened kamjor hoe gais, jiske kaaran reformist aur revolutionary attitudes samurai ke biich me aur barrhaa.{{sfn|Bek developing mass culture aur [[mass communication|communication]] me, ke aapan  influence ke political powewr me badlna pe manahi rahaa. {{sfn|Swale|2009|p=21}}

=== Ideological currents ===
[[18th century]] ke aakhri quarter se suruu hoe ke, ek rakam ke [[History of Shinto#Restoration Shinto and Late Mito Studies|Shintō revival]] howat rahaa growing interest in [[rangaku|Dutch studies]] ke saathe. Duuno rakam ke bichaar bhais rahaa   China se muh ghumae ke, as centre of intellectual thought. Lekin duuno   movements careful rahin, ki  established political order ke disturb nai kare.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=79}}  [[Mitogaku|Mito School]] ke kaam, khaas kar ke [[Kōdōkan (Mito)|Kōdōkan]] ke saathe, khaas kar ke important rahaa  [[nativism (politics)|nativist]] concepts ke jon [[kokugaku]] (national learning) se connected rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=82–83}}

Lekin kuchh rukaawat rahaa. Jab [[Hirata Atsutane]] bahut jaada ar diis bakufu ke khaatir  political claims the Emperor ke revive kare ke khaatir,uske chup karwae dewa gais rahaa.{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=52}} Fir bhi, the development of national learning  Mito School me chalte rahaa, |[[fukoku kyōhei]] (rich nation, strong army) sabd ke kaam me laae ke, domestic aur foreign threats ke descibe kar ke jiske scholar [[Fujita Yūkoku]] apply karis rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=82–83}} Fujita ke larrka's son, [[Fujita Tōko]], jon likhis rahaa [[First Opium War]] ke baad, ii insist karat rahaa ki desirable position Japan khaatir ii rahaa jon jōi (repelling the barbarian) jiske baad kaikoku rahaa, des ke khole ke , baraabr se.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=84–85}} Jab  immediate danger the foreign threat possessed bhais,  kokugaku scholars ke kaam ke kaaran evaluation ki konchi national hae, which jon Emperor aur [[Shintō]] pe focus laais rahaa.{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=53}}

{{Multiple image
| total_width = 400
| image1      = SakumaShozan.jpg
| image2      = Yoshida Shoin.jpg
| image3      = Kaishu Katsu 1.jpg
| perrow      = 3
| footer      = [[Sakuma Shōzan]] and his pupils [[Yoshida Shōin]] and [[Katsu Kaishū]]
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}


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      <text bytes="7823" sha1="atjg572a29xa8yj5ycd8nmvs2cz9ln6" xml:space="preserve">'''Meiji Restoration''', [[Japan]] ke itihaas ke ek sabd hae. Japanese bhasa me , ''Meiji-ishin'' sabd '''Meiji Restoration''' ke khatir kaam me laawa jaawat rahaa. Isse Japan me [[1868]] me Emperor Meiji ke raaj suruu bhais rahaa.

Ii restoration ke baad Japan me dher pariwartan aais. Japan industrialise hoe gais aur western ideas ke Japan me laawa gais.

1854 me [[America]] &quot;gunboat diplomacy&quot; ke kaam me laae Japan ke [orts ke overseas trade ke khaatir kholwais rahaa. Jon treaty ke Japan ke foreign powers se sign kare ke parraa rahaa ke Japan me &quot;Unequal Treaties&quot; bola jaat rahaa.

== Background ==
=== Rajnaiyik aur samajik banaawat ===
[[Edo period]] me, Japan pe raaj karaa jaawat rahaa ek strict aur rigid samajik order jiske position janam adhikaar se aawat rahaa.  Ii hierarchy,  descending order me rahaa [[Emperor of Japan|Emperor]] aur uske [[Imperial Court in Kyoto|Court]] sab se uppar rahin. [[shogun|Shōgun]],  [[rōjū]] aur [[Daimyo|daimyō]] ke saathe, uske niche samaj ke sab se uppar rahin. Uulog ke niche rahin [[samurai]] ke subdivisions, kisan, artisans, aur merchants.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=22}} Historian [[Marius B. Jansen]], ii system ke  political organisation ke &quot;[[feudalism|feudal]] autonomy&quot; batais hae.{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=3}} Ii sarkar ke structure rahaa rahaa, jahan  shōgun jada control dher daimyō ke,  aapan [[Han system|domains]] , jisse uulog me  control kare sake aapan jurisdiction jab uulog shogun ke  homage pay kare hae irregular taxation se, saadi aur idhar-udhar jaae ke khaatir anumati,{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=6}} aur systems jaise [[sankin-kōtai|alternate attendance]].{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=17–22}} Samurai palwaar ke puura abaadi, [[19th century]] me  30 million people (1,500,000–1,800,000) log me se 5-6% rahaa, ii palwaar me, lagbhag 50 me se 1 &quot;upper samurai&quot;  rahaa, jab baaki ke lagbhag baraabar ke hissa me  &quot;middle&quot; aur &quot;lower&quot; samurai me baata jaawe hae, aur har ek division me dher  subdivisions rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=24, 27}}

Jon influence [[Tokugawa shogunate]] (bakufu) exert kare hae, abhi ke Japan me, jamiin ke  distribution aur management pe banaa rahaa. Iske domains me baata gais rahaa, jisme har ek domain ke [[koku]], nai to ketna chaur ek given area of land har saal produce kare sake hae, se naapa jaawat rahaa. 1650 talak, shōgun sidhe jamiin ke  control karat rahaa, jisme  lagbhag 4.2 million koku chaur rahaa, aapan direct retainers,  Tokugawa palwaar ([[Shinpan (daimyo)|shinpan daimyō]]) ke aur members, aur uske niche ke log ([[fudai daimyō]]) jon ek combined total of land producing 12.9 million koku out of a national 26 million koku ke control karat rahin. Baaki 9.8 million koku (38% se thorraa kamti) ke  100 virodhi [[tozama daimyō]] me baata gais rahaa. Ii log, uulog ke descendants rahin jon   Tokugawa  ke virodh me larre rahin,  [[Battle of Sekigahara]] me. Dher sab se tagrraa tozama domains  western Japan me rahin, central poer se duur,  jisme fudai jaada kar ke  government offices ke control karat rahin, lekin chhotaa-chhotaa provinces jisse uulog ke  system retain kare ke protsaan mile.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=15–17}}

[[Edo neo-Confucianism|Neo-Confucian]] tenets of bakufu authority ke anusaar, ii system of hierarchy develop bhais rahaa [[bushidō]] me, jiske ek series of descending subordinations encourage karat rahin,{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=34–35}} lekin China ke rakam nai, iske bakufu se  adopt karnaa came to inform an ethic jon structural organisation of the Tokugawa state se different rahaa; iske kaaran ii Western scientific methods ke saathe rahe sakaa. Historian [[William G. Beasley]] ii bahas kare hae ki  tension ii official state ideology jon encourage karat rahaa enlightened meritocratic rule aur rigid class structure jon lower aur middle ranking samurai bureaucrats ke  advancing their position se rokat rahaa, ki biich me tension rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=38}} Jab ii  foreign aur domestic crises ke kaaran aur barrhaa, and in spite ofaur official attempts to begin promoting {{translit|ja|samurai}} to offices beyond their inherited position ke baawajuut,{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=61–63}} ii systems ke biich ke samajik  bonds  weakened kamjor hoe gais, jiske kaaran reformist aur revolutionary attitudes samurai ke biich me aur barrhaa.{{sfn|Bek developing mass culture aur [[mass communication|communication]] me, ke aapan  influence ke political powewr me badlna pe manahi rahaa. {{sfn|Swale|2009|p=21}}

=== Ideological currents ===
[[18th century]] ke aakhri quarter se suruu hoe ke, ek rakam ke [[History of Shinto#Restoration Shinto and Late Mito Studies|Shintō revival]] howat rahaa growing interest in [[rangaku|Dutch studies]] ke saathe. Duuno rakam ke bichaar bhais rahaa   China se muh ghumae ke, as centre of intellectual thought. Lekin duuno   movements careful rahin, ki  established political order ke disturb nai kare.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=79}}  [[Mitogaku|Mito School]] ke kaam, khaas kar ke [[Kōdōkan (Mito)|Kōdōkan]] ke saathe, khaas kar ke important rahaa  [[nativism (politics)|nativist]] concepts ke jon [[kokugaku]] (national learning) se connected rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=82–83}}

Lekin kuchh rukaawat rahaa. Jab [[Hirata Atsutane]] bahut jaada ar diis bakufu ke khaatir  political claims the Emperor ke revive kare ke khaatir,uske chup karwae dewa gais rahaa.{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=52}} Fir bhi, the development of national learning  Mito School me chalte rahaa, |[[fukoku kyōhei]] (rich nation, strong army) sabd ke kaam me laae ke, domestic aur foreign threats ke descibe kar ke jiske scholar [[Fujita Yūkoku]] apply karis rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=82–83}} Fujita ke larrka's son, [[Fujita Tōko]], jon likhis rahaa [[First Opium War]] ke baad, ii insist karat rahaa ki desirable position Japan khaatir ii rahaa jon jōi (repelling the barbarian) jiske baad kaikoku rahaa, des ke khole ke , baraabr se.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=84–85}} Jab  immediate danger the foreign threat possessed bhais,  kokugaku scholars ke kaam ke kaaran evaluation ki konchi national hae, which jon Emperor aur [[Shintō]] pe focus laais rahaa.{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=53}}

{{Multiple image
| total_width = 400
| image1      = SakumaShozan.jpg
| image2      = Yoshida Shoin.jpg
| image3      = Kaishu Katsu 1.jpg
| perrow      = 3
| footer      = [[Sakuma Shōzan]] and his pupils [[Yoshida Shōin]] and [[Katsu Kaishū]]
}}

[[Sakuma Shōzan]] ek midranking samurai  daimyō [[Sanada Yukinori]] of [[Matsushiro Domain]] ke niche, jiske ek conservative attitude to the social development of Japanese society rahaa, lekin practical rahaa aapan approach to the adoption of Western technology ke khaatir. Uu aapan view of Neo-Confucian ethics ke   adoption of foreign scientific methods ke saathe saamil karis,{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=80–82}} jime phrase &quot;Eastern ethics, Western science&quot; ke coin bhais rahaa.{{efn|''tōyō dōtoku, seiyō gakugei'', 東洋道徳西洋学芸}}{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=86}} Coastal defence ke jaruri ke baare me likhe ke alaawa,  uu cannon [[casting|founding]] ke suruu karis, aapan camera ke apne banais, aur ek Japanese-English dictionary ke likhis rahaa, jon  designed rahaa ki defense of Japan ke contribute kare.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=80–82}} Uu [[Edo]] me ek school ke kholis rahaa, jisme uu 5,000 se jaada students ke des bhar se parrhat rahaa. {{sfn|Jansen|2000|p=288}} Uske kosis ki uu  men of talent (who would be drawn exclusively from the samurai class) ke promote kare, aur Japanese military ke reorganis ekarna dhr influential rahaa uske chela log me, jisme [[Katsu Kaishū]] aur [[Yoshida Shōin]] bhi rahaa. Lakin, ii foundation for proposals rahaa jon  social order ke badli, jiske uu preserve kare maangat rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=80–82}}

==References==
{{reflist}}


&lt;!-- interwiki --&gt;

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      <text bytes="9631" sha1="qjwa5z6vhaco6q7mn8nqtjfzfwkw7yh" xml:space="preserve">'''Meiji Restoration''', [[Japan]] ke itihaas ke ek sabd hae. Japanese bhasa me , ''Meiji-ishin'' sabd '''Meiji Restoration''' ke khatir kaam me laawa jaawat rahaa. Isse Japan me [[1868]] me Emperor Meiji ke raaj suruu bhais rahaa.

Ii restoration ke baad Japan me dher pariwartan aais. Japan industrialise hoe gais aur western ideas ke Japan me laawa gais.

1854 me [[America]] &quot;gunboat diplomacy&quot; ke kaam me laae Japan ke [orts ke overseas trade ke khaatir kholwais rahaa. Jon treaty ke Japan ke foreign powers se sign kare ke parraa rahaa ke Japan me &quot;Unequal Treaties&quot; bola jaat rahaa.

== Background ==
=== Rajnaiyik aur samajik banaawat ===
[[Edo period]] me, Japan pe raaj karaa jaawat rahaa ek strict aur rigid samajik order jiske position janam adhikaar se aawat rahaa.  Ii hierarchy,  descending order me rahaa [[Emperor of Japan|Emperor]] aur uske [[Imperial Court in Kyoto|Court]] sab se uppar rahin. [[shogun|Shōgun]],  [[rōjū]] aur [[Daimyo|daimyō]] ke saathe, uske niche samaj ke sab se uppar rahin. Uulog ke niche rahin [[samurai]] ke subdivisions, kisan, artisans, aur merchants.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=22}} Historian [[Marius B. Jansen]], ii system ke  political organisation ke &quot;[[feudalism|feudal]] autonomy&quot; batais hae.{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=3}} Ii sarkar ke structure rahaa rahaa, jahan  shōgun jada control dher daimyō ke,  aapan [[Han system|domains]] , jisse uulog me  control kare sake aapan jurisdiction jab uulog shogun ke  homage pay kare hae irregular taxation se, saadi aur idhar-udhar jaae ke khaatir anumati,{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=6}} aur systems jaise [[sankin-kōtai|alternate attendance]].{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=17–22}} Samurai palwaar ke puura abaadi, [[19th century]] me  30 million people (1,500,000–1,800,000) log me se 5-6% rahaa, ii palwaar me, lagbhag 50 me se 1 &quot;upper samurai&quot;  rahaa, jab baaki ke lagbhag baraabar ke hissa me  &quot;middle&quot; aur &quot;lower&quot; samurai me baata jaawe hae, aur har ek division me dher  subdivisions rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=24, 27}}

Jon influence [[Tokugawa shogunate]] (bakufu) exert kare hae, abhi ke Japan me, jamiin ke  distribution aur management pe banaa rahaa. Iske domains me baata gais rahaa, jisme har ek domain ke [[koku]], nai to ketna chaur ek given area of land har saal produce kare sake hae, se naapa jaawat rahaa. 1650 talak, shōgun sidhe jamiin ke  control karat rahaa, jisme  lagbhag 4.2 million koku chaur rahaa, aapan direct retainers,  Tokugawa palwaar ([[Shinpan (daimyo)|shinpan daimyō]]) ke aur members, aur uske niche ke log ([[fudai daimyō]]) jon ek combined total of land producing 12.9 million koku out of a national 26 million koku ke control karat rahin. Baaki 9.8 million koku (38% se thorraa kamti) ke  100 virodhi [[tozama daimyō]] me baata gais rahaa. Ii log, uulog ke descendants rahin jon   Tokugawa  ke virodh me larre rahin,  [[Battle of Sekigahara]] me. Dher sab se tagrraa tozama domains  western Japan me rahin, central poer se duur,  jisme fudai jaada kar ke  government offices ke control karat rahin, lekin chhotaa-chhotaa provinces jisse uulog ke  system retain kare ke protsaan mile.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=15–17}}

[[Edo neo-Confucianism|Neo-Confucian]] tenets of bakufu authority ke anusaar, ii system of hierarchy develop bhais rahaa [[bushidō]] me, jiske ek series of descending subordinations encourage karat rahin,{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=34–35}} lekin China ke rakam nai, iske bakufu se  adopt karnaa came to inform an ethic jon structural organisation of the Tokugawa state se different rahaa; iske kaaran ii Western scientific methods ke saathe rahe sakaa. Historian [[William G. Beasley]] ii bahas kare hae ki  tension ii official state ideology jon encourage karat rahaa enlightened meritocratic rule aur rigid class structure jon lower aur middle ranking samurai bureaucrats ke  advancing their position se rokat rahaa, ki biich me tension rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=38}} Jab ii  foreign aur domestic crises ke kaaran aur barrhaa, and in spite ofaur official attempts to begin promoting {{translit|ja|samurai}} to offices beyond their inherited position ke baawajuut,{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=61–63}} ii systems ke biich ke samajik  bonds  weakened kamjor hoe gais, jiske kaaran reformist aur revolutionary attitudes samurai ke biich me aur barrhaa.{{sfn|Bek developing mass culture aur [[mass communication|communication]] me, ke aapan  influence ke political powewr me badlna pe manahi rahaa. {{sfn|Swale|2009|p=21}}

=== Ideological currents ===
[[18th century]] ke aakhri quarter se suruu hoe ke, ek rakam ke [[History of Shinto#Restoration Shinto and Late Mito Studies|Shintō revival]] howat rahaa growing interest in [[rangaku|Dutch studies]] ke saathe. Duuno rakam ke bichaar bhais rahaa   China se muh ghumae ke, as centre of intellectual thought. Lekin duuno   movements careful rahin, ki  established political order ke disturb nai kare.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=79}}  [[Mitogaku|Mito School]] ke kaam, khaas kar ke [[Kōdōkan (Mito)|Kōdōkan]] ke saathe, khaas kar ke important rahaa  [[nativism (politics)|nativist]] concepts ke jon [[kokugaku]] (national learning) se connected rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=82–83}}

Lekin kuchh rukaawat rahaa. Jab [[Hirata Atsutane]] bahut jaada ar diis bakufu ke khaatir  political claims the Emperor ke revive kare ke khaatir,uske chup karwae dewa gais rahaa.{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=52}} Fir bhi, the development of national learning  Mito School me chalte rahaa, |[[fukoku kyōhei]] (rich nation, strong army) sabd ke kaam me laae ke, domestic aur foreign threats ke descibe kar ke jiske scholar [[Fujita Yūkoku]] apply karis rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=82–83}} Fujita ke larrka's son, [[Fujita Tōko]], jon likhis rahaa [[First Opium War]] ke baad, ii insist karat rahaa ki desirable position Japan khaatir ii rahaa jon jōi (repelling the barbarian) jiske baad kaikoku rahaa, des ke khole ke , baraabr se.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=84–85}} Jab  immediate danger the foreign threat possessed bhais,  kokugaku scholars ke kaam ke kaaran evaluation ki konchi national hae, which jon Emperor aur [[Shintō]] pe focus laais rahaa.{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=53}}

{{Multiple image
| total_width = 400
| image1      = SakumaShozan.jpg
| image2      = Yoshida Shoin.jpg
| image3      = Kaishu Katsu 1.jpg
| perrow      = 3
| footer      = [[Sakuma Shōzan]] and his pupils [[Yoshida Shōin]] and [[Katsu Kaishū]]
}}

[[Sakuma Shōzan]] ek midranking samurai  daimyō [[Sanada Yukinori]] of [[Matsushiro Domain]] ke niche, jiske ek conservative attitude to the social development of Japanese society rahaa, lekin practical rahaa aapan approach to the adoption of Western technology ke khaatir. Uu aapan view of Neo-Confucian ethics ke   adoption of foreign scientific methods ke saathe saamil karis,{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=80–82}} jime phrase &quot;Eastern ethics, Western science&quot; ke coin bhais rahaa.{{efn|''tōyō dōtoku, seiyō gakugei'', 東洋道徳西洋学芸}}{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=86}} Coastal defence ke jaruri ke baare me likhe ke alaawa,  uu cannon [[casting|founding]] ke suruu karis, aapan camera ke apne banais, aur ek Japanese-English dictionary ke likhis rahaa, jon  designed rahaa ki defense of Japan ke contribute kare.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=80–82}} Uu [[Edo]] me ek school ke kholis rahaa, jisme uu 5,000 se jaada students ke des bhar se parrhat rahaa. {{sfn|Jansen|2000|p=288}} Uske kosis ki uu  men of talent (who would be drawn exclusively from the samurai class) ke promote kare, aur Japanese military ke reorganis ekarna dhr influential rahaa uske chela log me, jisme [[Katsu Kaishū]] aur [[Yoshida Shōin]] bhi rahaa. Lakin, ii foundation for proposals rahaa jon  social order ke badli, jiske uu preserve kare maangat rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=80–82}}

=== Economic development ===
[[Tenpō Reforms]] (1841–1843)  government policy designed to reform issues in political and economic organisation ke khaas readjustment rahaa, iske natija ek  deep divide rahaa, shogunate aur daimyō ke biich me. [[1830s]] aur [[1840s]] me famine aur popular des bhar me rahaa (e.g. the [[Ōshio Heihachirō#The rebellion|Osaka revolt]]),{{sfn|Jansen|2000|p=247-248}} jiske matlab ii rahaa kei ii issues aur their symptoms ke resolve kar eme  had mixed effects rahaa.{{sfn|Jansen|2000|p=251}} Senior Rōjū [[Mizuno Tadakuni]] ke suruu ke kosis me introducing [[sumptuary laws]] rahaa, jisse  austerity ke promote karaa jaae aur   consumption ke kamti karaa jaae.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=64–65}}  Samurai retainers ke mile waala paisa ke kamti, nai to khalaa kare ke kaaran, uulog aapan  lords ke ab serve kare nai maangat rahin , nai to puura social class ke, jiske kaaran kuchh personal liberty aur mercantile freedom ke choose kare rahin , jisse uulog ke  uu chij mila jiske uuog  maangat rahin as members of the samurai class. Daimyō debt owed to their own merchants ke cancel kar de rahin  aur renegotiate kare rahin favourable terms for debt owed to merchants under bakufu jurisdiction—due to resulting higher interest rates imposed on the daimyō to borrow more money, across Japan efforts were made to increase domain income.{{efn|Beasley writes that the financial failure of his reforms led to Mizuno's dismissal in 1843, with the reforms of [[Tosa domain]] suffering a &quot;similar fate&quot;, whereas [[Hizen]], under [[Nabeshima Naomasa]] supplemented a policy of [[retrenchment]] with an &quot;attack on landlordism&quot; that was effective &quot;in the short run&quot;, while [[Choshu domain]] found itself with spiralling debt.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=65–66}} }}{{sfn|Jansen|2000|p=251}}

==References==
{{reflist}}


&lt;!-- interwiki --&gt;

[[vibhag:M]]
[[Category:Japan]]</text>
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      <text bytes="10506" sha1="fj8jbw5jvnyjgt2cj49pp9po28706k7" xml:space="preserve">'''Meiji Restoration''', [[Japan]] ke itihaas ke ek sabd hae. Japanese bhasa me , ''Meiji-ishin'' sabd '''Meiji Restoration''' ke khatir kaam me laawa jaawat rahaa. Isse Japan me [[1868]] me Emperor Meiji ke raaj suruu bhais rahaa.

Ii restoration ke baad Japan me dher pariwartan aais. Japan industrialise hoe gais aur western ideas ke Japan me laawa gais.

1854 me [[America]] &quot;gunboat diplomacy&quot; ke kaam me laae Japan ke [orts ke overseas trade ke khaatir kholwais rahaa. Jon treaty ke Japan ke foreign powers se sign kare ke parraa rahaa ke Japan me &quot;Unequal Treaties&quot; bola jaat rahaa.

== Background ==
=== Rajnaiyik aur samajik banaawat ===
[[Edo period]] me, Japan pe raaj karaa jaawat rahaa ek strict aur rigid samajik order jiske position janam adhikaar se aawat rahaa.  Ii hierarchy,  descending order me rahaa [[Emperor of Japan|Emperor]] aur uske [[Imperial Court in Kyoto|Court]] sab se uppar rahin. [[shogun|Shōgun]],  [[rōjū]] aur [[Daimyo|daimyō]] ke saathe, uske niche samaj ke sab se uppar rahin. Uulog ke niche rahin [[samurai]] ke subdivisions, kisan, artisans, aur merchants.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=22}} Historian [[Marius B. Jansen]], ii system ke  political organisation ke &quot;[[feudalism|feudal]] autonomy&quot; batais hae.{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=3}} Ii sarkar ke structure rahaa rahaa, jahan  shōgun jada control dher daimyō ke,  aapan [[Han system|domains]] , jisse uulog me  control kare sake aapan jurisdiction jab uulog shogun ke  homage pay kare hae irregular taxation se, saadi aur idhar-udhar jaae ke khaatir anumati,{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=6}} aur systems jaise [[sankin-kōtai|alternate attendance]].{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=17–22}} Samurai palwaar ke puura abaadi, [[19th century]] me  30 million people (1,500,000–1,800,000) log me se 5-6% rahaa, ii palwaar me, lagbhag 50 me se 1 &quot;upper samurai&quot;  rahaa, jab baaki ke lagbhag baraabar ke hissa me  &quot;middle&quot; aur &quot;lower&quot; samurai me baata jaawe hae, aur har ek division me dher  subdivisions rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=24, 27}}

Jon influence [[Tokugawa shogunate]] (bakufu) exert kare hae, abhi ke Japan me, jamiin ke  distribution aur management pe banaa rahaa. Iske domains me baata gais rahaa, jisme har ek domain ke [[koku]], nai to ketna chaur ek given area of land har saal produce kare sake hae, se naapa jaawat rahaa. 1650 talak, shōgun sidhe jamiin ke  control karat rahaa, jisme  lagbhag 4.2 million koku chaur rahaa, aapan direct retainers,  Tokugawa palwaar ([[Shinpan (daimyo)|shinpan daimyō]]) ke aur members, aur uske niche ke log ([[fudai daimyō]]) jon ek combined total of land producing 12.9 million koku out of a national 26 million koku ke control karat rahin. Baaki 9.8 million koku (38% se thorraa kamti) ke  100 virodhi [[tozama daimyō]] me baata gais rahaa. Ii log, uulog ke descendants rahin jon   Tokugawa  ke virodh me larre rahin,  [[Battle of Sekigahara]] me. Dher sab se tagrraa tozama domains  western Japan me rahin, central poer se duur,  jisme fudai jaada kar ke  government offices ke control karat rahin, lekin chhotaa-chhotaa provinces jisse uulog ke  system retain kare ke protsaan mile.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=15–17}}

[[Edo neo-Confucianism|Neo-Confucian]] tenets of bakufu authority ke anusaar, ii system of hierarchy develop bhais rahaa [[bushidō]] me, jiske ek series of descending subordinations encourage karat rahin,{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=34–35}} lekin China ke rakam nai, iske bakufu se  adopt karnaa came to inform an ethic jon structural organisation of the Tokugawa state se different rahaa; iske kaaran ii Western scientific methods ke saathe rahe sakaa. Historian [[William G. Beasley]] ii bahas kare hae ki  tension ii official state ideology jon encourage karat rahaa enlightened meritocratic rule aur rigid class structure jon lower aur middle ranking samurai bureaucrats ke  advancing their position se rokat rahaa, ki biich me tension rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=38}} Jab ii  foreign aur domestic crises ke kaaran aur barrhaa, and in spite ofaur official attempts to begin promoting {{translit|ja|samurai}} to offices beyond their inherited position ke baawajuut,{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=61–63}} ii systems ke biich ke samajik  bonds  weakened kamjor hoe gais, jiske kaaran reformist aur revolutionary attitudes samurai ke biich me aur barrhaa.{{sfn|Bek developing mass culture aur [[mass communication|communication]] me, ke aapan  influence ke political powewr me badlna pe manahi rahaa. {{sfn|Swale|2009|p=21}}

=== Ideological currents ===
[[18th century]] ke aakhri quarter se suruu hoe ke, ek rakam ke [[History of Shinto#Restoration Shinto and Late Mito Studies|Shintō revival]] howat rahaa growing interest in [[rangaku|Dutch studies]] ke saathe. Duuno rakam ke bichaar bhais rahaa   China se muh ghumae ke, as centre of intellectual thought. Lekin duuno   movements careful rahin, ki  established political order ke disturb nai kare.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=79}}  [[Mitogaku|Mito School]] ke kaam, khaas kar ke [[Kōdōkan (Mito)|Kōdōkan]] ke saathe, khaas kar ke important rahaa  [[nativism (politics)|nativist]] concepts ke jon [[kokugaku]] (national learning) se connected rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=82–83}}

Lekin kuchh rukaawat rahaa. Jab [[Hirata Atsutane]] bahut jaada ar diis bakufu ke khaatir  political claims the Emperor ke revive kare ke khaatir,uske chup karwae dewa gais rahaa.{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=52}} Fir bhi, the development of national learning  Mito School me chalte rahaa, |[[fukoku kyōhei]] (rich nation, strong army) sabd ke kaam me laae ke, domestic aur foreign threats ke descibe kar ke jiske scholar [[Fujita Yūkoku]] apply karis rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=82–83}} Fujita ke larrka's son, [[Fujita Tōko]], jon likhis rahaa [[First Opium War]] ke baad, ii insist karat rahaa ki desirable position Japan khaatir ii rahaa jon jōi (repelling the barbarian) jiske baad kaikoku rahaa, des ke khole ke , baraabr se.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=84–85}} Jab  immediate danger the foreign threat possessed bhais,  kokugaku scholars ke kaam ke kaaran evaluation ki konchi national hae, which jon Emperor aur [[Shintō]] pe focus laais rahaa.{{sfn|Jansen|1994|p=53}}

{{Multiple image
| total_width = 400
| image1      = SakumaShozan.jpg
| image2      = Yoshida Shoin.jpg
| image3      = Kaishu Katsu 1.jpg
| perrow      = 3
| footer      = [[Sakuma Shōzan]] and his pupils [[Yoshida Shōin]] and [[Katsu Kaishū]]
}}

[[Sakuma Shōzan]] ek midranking samurai  daimyō [[Sanada Yukinori]] of [[Matsushiro Domain]] ke niche, jiske ek conservative attitude to the social development of Japanese society rahaa, lekin practical rahaa aapan approach to the adoption of Western technology ke khaatir. Uu aapan view of Neo-Confucian ethics ke   adoption of foreign scientific methods ke saathe saamil karis,{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=80–82}} jime phrase &quot;Eastern ethics, Western science&quot; ke coin bhais rahaa.{{efn|''tōyō dōtoku, seiyō gakugei'', 東洋道徳西洋学芸}}{{sfn|Beasley|1972|p=86}} Coastal defence ke jaruri ke baare me likhe ke alaawa,  uu cannon [[casting|founding]] ke suruu karis, aapan camera ke apne banais, aur ek Japanese-English dictionary ke likhis rahaa, jon  designed rahaa ki defense of Japan ke contribute kare.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=80–82}} Uu [[Edo]] me ek school ke kholis rahaa, jisme uu 5,000 se jaada students ke des bhar se parrhat rahaa. {{sfn|Jansen|2000|p=288}} Uske kosis ki uu  men of talent (who would be drawn exclusively from the samurai class) ke promote kare, aur Japanese military ke reorganis ekarna dhr influential rahaa uske chela log me, jisme [[Katsu Kaishū]] aur [[Yoshida Shōin]] bhi rahaa. Lakin, ii foundation for proposals rahaa jon  social order ke badli, jiske uu preserve kare maangat rahaa.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=80–82}}

=== Economic development ===
[[Tenpō Reforms]] (1841–1843)  government policy designed to reform issues in political and economic organisation ke khaas readjustment rahaa, iske natija ek  deep divide rahaa, shogunate aur daimyō ke biich me. [[1830s]] aur [[1840s]] me famine aur popular des bhar me rahaa (e.g. the [[Ōshio Heihachirō#The rebellion|Osaka revolt]]),{{sfn|Jansen|2000|p=247-248}} jiske matlab ii rahaa kei ii issues aur their symptoms ke resolve kar eme  had mixed effects rahaa.{{sfn|Jansen|2000|p=251}} Senior Rōjū [[Mizuno Tadakuni]] ke suruu ke kosis me introducing [[sumptuary laws]] rahaa, jisse  austerity ke promote karaa jaae aur   consumption ke kamti karaa jaae.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=64–65}}  Samurai retainers ke mile waala paisa ke kamti, nai to khalaa kare ke kaaran, uulog aapan  lords ke ab serve kare nai maangat rahin , nai to puura social class ke, jiske kaaran kuchh personal liberty aur mercantile freedom ke choose kare rahin , jisse uulog ke  uu chij mila jiske uuog  maangat rahin as members of the samurai class. Daimyō debt owed to their own merchants ke cancel kar de rahin  aur renegotiate kare rahin favourable terms for debt owed to merchants under bakufu jurisdiction—due to resulting higher interest rates imposed on the daimyō to borrow more money, across Japan efforts were made to increase domain income.{{efn|Beasley writes that the financial failure of his reforms led to Mizuno's dismissal in 1843, with the reforms of [[Tosa domain]] suffering a &quot;similar fate&quot;, whereas [[Hizen]], under [[Nabeshima Naomasa]] supplemented a policy of [[retrenchment]] with an &quot;attack on landlordism&quot; that was effective &quot;in the short run&quot;, while [[Choshu domain]] found itself with spiralling debt.{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=65–66}} }}{{sfn|Jansen|2000|p=251}}

Pakka chaur ke payment  samurai ke  vulnerable kar diis rahaa,  market ke utaar-charrhao se, kabhi-kabhi coinage [[debasement]], aur kaaheki ii paisa ke nawaa new monetary system me transferkare ke rahaa. Jaise, merchants jon agents rahin aapan stipends ke beche ke, khaas kar ke  profit made on these sales ke aapan jeb me rakkhat rahin. Iske biich me,  development of urban life ke ek hissa ke ruup me, artisans aur kisan  production of goods aur crops ke diversify kar de rahin jon, jaada demand ke kaaran, dher dafe samurai ke resources ke drain kar de rahin, jab duusra fasal me aur faaeda hoe lagaa, chaur ke mukable me. Dher samurai, jaada kar ke karjaa me rahat rahin, jisme daimyō ek  system of enforced expenditure me rahat rahin, jisse  bakufu  (among other things) alternate exchange system and public works projects ke kare sake{{sfn|Beasley|1972|pp=44–46}}

==References==
{{reflist}}


&lt;!-- interwiki --&gt;

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[[Category:Japan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pisatao</title>
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      <text bytes="1945" sha1="3hm3p34ddp3faj5l4jdnkpbfgb5alu8" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pisatao (or Pishatao) — Primeval Friendly God of gifts &amp; crafts (artisanship, craftsmanship, handicrafts) — Classical Meitei mythology &amp; traditional Meitei religion (Sanamahism AKA Lainingthouism) of ancient Kangleipak civilization.jpg|thumb|Pisatao]]

'''Pisatao''' ya '''Pishatao''' [[Prachin Manipur]] ke [[Sanamahism]] aur [[Meitei Manipuri pouranik katha]] ke ek aadim dewata hae. Waha shilpkarong aur vastukarong ke dewata hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/15.09.2018-B4.pdf|title=পিসাতাও খুৎহৈবগী থৌরম|date=2018|website=hueiyenlanpao.com|language=mni}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321214722/http://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/15.09.2018-B4.pdf |date=2024-03-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/15.09.2017-B4.pdf|title=লাইনিংথৌ পিসাতাও খুৎহৈবগী চাওনা অকায়বা পীরক্লে। অমগুমা হিংলি।|date=2017|website=hueiyenlanpao.com|language=mni}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706091518/https://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/15.09.2017-B4.pdf |date=2024-07-06 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/15.09.2016-B3.pdf|title=লাইনিংথৌ পিসাতাও খুৎহৈবা য়োকখত্নবা অসিদা মীয়াম্না তুং ইনবীরকউ। নিংথৌ.|date=2016|website=hueiyenlanpao.com|language=mni}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706091426/https://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/15.09.2016-B3.pdf |date=2024-07-06 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India's North East - Page 49 - N. Vijaylakshmi Brara · 1998&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sandarbh ==
{{Commonscat}}
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Ridhima Pandey</title>
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      <text bytes="5911" sha1="1vmnunvj4cfjkxzbsapt6u21bl89jxd" xml:space="preserve">'''Ridhima Pandey''' ek Bharatiya paryaavaran kaaryakarta hain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=National Youth Day 2022: Honouring the Young Activists of India |url=https://thecsrjournal.in/young-activists-youth-icons-india/ |website=The CSR Journal |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vah jalavaayu parivartan ke khilaaph kaarravaee ke lie kaam karatee hain.&lt;ref name=&quot;business-standard.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/about/who-is-ridhima-pandey |title=Who Is Ridhima Pandey |work=Business Standard India}}&lt;/ref&gt; 9 saal kee umr mein, unhonne jalavaayu parivartan ke lie ladane ke lie paryaapt kadam nahin uthaane ke lie bhaarat sarakaar ke khilaaph maamala darj kiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Independent-01Apr17&quot; /&gt; Vah un logon mein se ek theen jinhonne sanyukt raashtr mein maamalon kee shikaayat kee thee. vah kaee yuva jalavaayu kaaryakartaon mein se ek hain. vah jalavaayu sankat ke khilaaph kaarravaee karane mein kaee deshon kee viphalata ke khilaaph khadee hotee hai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Community Archives |url=https://www.thealliancecenter.org/blog/category/community/ |website=Alliance Center |language=en-US |access-date=2022-04-23 |archive-date=2022-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419172428/https://www.thealliancecenter.org/blog/category/community/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ridhima Pandey |url=https://xynteo.com/our-work/xynteo-exchange/xynteo-exchange-2019/speakers/ridhima-pandey |website=xynteo.com |language=en |access-date=2022-04-23 |archive-date=2022-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122130620/https://xynteo.com/our-work/xynteo-exchange/xynteo-exchange-2019/speakers/ridhima-pandey |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Independent-01Apr17&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nine-ridhima-pandey-court-case-indian-government-climate-change-uttarakhand-a7661971.html|title=Meet the nine-year-old girl who is suing the Indian Government over climate change|date=1 April 2017|website=The Independent|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/24/india-uttarakhand-floods-rescue-death-toll|title=India's death toll in aftermath of floods reaches 1,000|date=24 June 2013|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-23093839|title=Many still stranded in India floods|date=28 June 2013|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/06/19/india-climate-change-impacts|title=India: Climate Change Impacts|website=World Bank|language=en|access-date=2022-04-23|archive-date=2021-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416133028/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/06/19/india-climate-change-impacts|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jalavaayu sakriyata ==
Bhaarat sarakaar ke khilaaph kaanoonee kaarravaee nau saal kee umr mein, Pandey ne bhaarat sarakaar ke khilaaph mukadama daayar kiya. unaka maamala jalavaayu parivartan ke khilaaph kaarravaee kee kamee par aadhaarit tha. Paris samajhaute mein aise kadamon par sahamati banee thee. yah kort kes neshanal green tribyoonal (enajeetee) mein pesh kiya gaya tha. Pandey ne sarakaar se kaarban utsarjan kam karane ke lie yojana taiyaar karane ko bhee kaha. unhonne jalavaayu parivartan ke prabhaavon ko niyantrit karane ke lie ek raashtravyaapee yojana ke baare mein bhee poochha. enajeetee ne unake anurodh ko khaarij kar diya. unhonne kaha ki yah paryaavaran samajhaute ke aakalan ke tahat kavar kiya gaya tha.&lt;ref name=Independent-01Apr17 /&gt;&lt;ref name=business-standard.com /&gt;

== Sanyukt raashtr mein shikaayat ==
Aslong mein norvejiyan veeja ke lie apane aavedan ke dauraan, unhonne yuva jalavaayu kaaryakartaon ke lie ek sangathan ke baare mein suna. vah sangathan mein gaee. unhen 2019 sanyukt raashtr jalavaayu kaarravaee shikhar sammelan ke lie nyooyork shahar ka daura karane ke lie chuna gaya tha. 23 sitambar 2019 ko, shikhar sammelan ke dauraan, paande ne 15 any bachchon ke saath baal adhikaaron par sanyukt raashtr samiti mein shikaayat kee. unhonne arjenteena, braajeel, jarmanee, phraans aur turkee par &quot;baal adhikaaron par kanvenshan&quot; ka ullanghan karane ka aarop lagaaya. aisa isalie tha kyonki ukt desh jalavaayu samasyaon ko paryaapt roop se samajhaane mein viphal rahe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|agency=Press Trust of India |date=September 27, 2019 |title=India's Greta Thunberg: All about 11-year-old climate activist Ridhima Pandey|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/ridhima-pandey-indian-climate-activist-greta-thunberg-1603977-2019-09-27|magazine=India Today|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;childrenvsclimatecrisis&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=#ChildrenVsClimateCrisis|url=https://childrenvsclimatecrisis.org/|website=childrenvsclimatecrisis.org|access-date=2022-04-23|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422162859/https://childrenvsclimatecrisis.org/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://earthjustice.org/blog/2019-september/greta-thunberg-young-people-petition-UN-human-rights-climate-change|title=earthjustice.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inaam ==
Paande ko 23 navambar 2020 ko ghoshit beebeesee kee 100 mahilaon mein soocheebaddh kiya gaya tha. unhen 16 disambar 2021 ko naee dillee mein saamaajik nyaay ke lie madar teresa memoriyal avaard bhee diya gaya tha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-11-23|title=BBC 100 Women 2020: Who is on the list this year?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-55042935}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-12-16 |title=Padma Bhusan Anil Prakash Joshi, 2 others win Mother Teresa Memorial Award |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/padma-bhusan-anil-prakash-joshi-mother-teresa-memorial-award-7675916/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sandarbh ==
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    <title>Dukaanadaar Devee</title>
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      <text bytes="7033" sha1="pej0xwdbirgatbkgsz6fcpdqnf1inci" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox deity
| type         = Meitei
| name         = Dukaanadaar Devee &lt;/br&gt; {{lang-en|Shopkeeping Goddesses}} &lt;/br&gt; {{lang-mni|Keithel Kabi Lairembising}} &lt;/br&gt; {{lang-omp|Keithel Kapi Lailempising}} 
| deity_of     = &lt;!-- or god_of / Alusi_of --&gt;
| member_of    = Lairembi
| image        = File:SHOPKEEPING GODDESSES.jpg
| alt          = &lt;!-- for alternate text of the title image per [[WP:ALT]] --&gt;
| caption      = Praacheen Meitei (Puraanee Manipuree) dukaanadaaree devee ke naam, jo praacheen meeteee maayek abugida mein likhe gae hain, jaisa ki &quot;Khamnung Engal Leishaba Puya&quot; paath (1 shataabdee eesvee se pahale) mein varnit hai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
| other_names  = Keithen Kabi Lairembising &lt;br /&gt; Keithen Kapi Lailempising
| hiro         = 
| Old_Norse    = 
| script_name  = 
| script       = 
| affiliation  = [[Meitei pouranik katha]] aur dharm ([[Sanamahism]])
| cult_center  = bazaar ({{lang-mni|keithel}}) 
| abode        = bazaar ({{lang-mni|keithel}}) 
| planet       = &lt;!-- or | world = --&gt;
| weapon       = &lt;!-- or | weapons = --&gt;
| battles      = 
| artifacts    = &lt;!-- or | artefacts = --&gt;
| animals      = 
| symbol       = &lt;!-- or | symbols = --&gt;
| adherents    =
| height       = 
| age          = 
| tree         =
| day          = 
| color        = &lt;!-- or | colour = --&gt;
| number       = 
| consort      = &lt;!-- or | consorts = --&gt;
| parents      = 
| siblings     = 
| offspring    = &lt;!-- or | children = --&gt;
| predecessor  =
| successor    =
| army         =
| mount        = 
| texts        = Khamnung Engal Leishaba Puya
| gender       = Females
| Greek_equivalent     = 
| Roman_equivalent     = 
| Etruscan_equivalent  = 
| Christian_equivalent = 
| Slavic_equivalent    = 
| Canaanite_equivalent =
| equivalent1_type = 
| equivalent1 =
| equivalent2_type = 
| equivalent2 =
| region       = [[Prachin Kangleipak]] ([[Prachin Manipur]])
| ethnic_group = Meitei log
| festivals    = 
}}
'''Dukaanadaar Devee (Meitei: Keithel Kaabee Lairembising, Keithel Kapee Lailempising)''' [[Prachin Kangleipak]] ([[Prachin Manipur]]) ke [[Meitei pouranik katha]] aur dharm ([[Sanamahism]]) mein vibhinn dukaanon ke lie dukaanadaaree baajaar ke lie jaanee jaatee hain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465686/page/n79/mode/2up|title=Khamnung Engal Leishaba Puya Ahumsuba Saruk Langbachakkee Nongdalai Faoba|last=Meitei|first=Manglem|date=1990|pages=79|language=mni}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/15B7re.pdf|title=পোইরৈ মৈতৈ লৈপাক্কী কৈথেল - Hueiyen Lanpao|website=hueiyenlanpao.com|language=mni}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418084921/https://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/15B7re.pdf |date=2025-04-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/B7-13.pdf|title=Puwarida Eikhoigi Keithel Machat, Maong-Matou Amadi Chiraba Tanphamda Keithel Nupisingna Loukhiba Thoudang|website=hueiyenlanpao.com|language=mni}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130081308/http://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/B7-13.pdf |date=2024-11-30 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Alag-alag kahaaniyon ke alag-alag javaab hain ki kitanee dukaanadaaree devee hain. Ve hain: ''Cheng Leima, Chinga Leima, Heipok Leima, Hei Leima, Laa Leima, Phu Leima, Pishum Leima, Thangching Leima, Waisheng Leima, Waithou Leima aur Waal Leima''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FhUHEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA487&amp;dq=lai+keithel+kaba&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjt-sKC2cD2AhVhlNgFHcKNBxYQuwV6BAgLEAY#v=onepage&amp;q=lai%20keithel%20kaba&amp;f=false|title=The Cultural Heritage of Manipur|last=Meitei|first=Sanjenbam Yaiphaba|last2=Chaudhuri|first2=Sarit K.|last3=Arunkumar|first3=M. C.|date=2020-11-25|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-000-29629-7|pages=487|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Soochee ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Deviyon ke naam
!Latin transliteration (Romanisation)
!Aliases
!Latin transliteration (Romanisation)
!Vyutpatti (ya Vivaran) 
!Bechane ke items
!English anuvaad
!Sandarbh 
|-
|ꯆꯦꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ 
|Cheng Leima  
|ꯆꯦꯡꯂꯩꯃ
|Chengleima
|Goddess of rice 
|Cheng 
|Rice
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|ꯆꯤꯡꯉꯥ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Chinga Leima
|ꯆꯤꯪꯉꯥ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯆꯤꯡꯉꯥ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ (ꯆꯤꯡꯉꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ), ꯆꯤꯡꯉꯥ ꯂꯥꯢꯂꯦꯝꯄꯤ (ꯆꯤꯡꯉꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯝꯄꯤ) 
|Ching-nga Leima, Chinga Lairembi, Chinga Lailempi 
|Lady of Chinga 
|Houwai Chengwai, Manaa Mashing
|Cereals, Pulses (legumes), Vegetables
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
|ꯍꯩꯄꯣꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Heipok Leima
|ꯍꯩꯕꯣꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ 
|Heibok Leima
|Lady of Heipok (Heibok) 
|Yot, Thangjou, Heijrang, Konchap, Khabei, Chegap 
|Iron tools, Dagger, Knife, Shear, Ladle, Tong
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|ꯍꯩ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Hei Leima
|ꯍꯩꯂꯩꯃ, ꯍꯩꯔꯩꯃ 
|Heileima, Heireima
|Goddess of fruits 
|Hei, Athum Ahao
|Fruits and Sweets 
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|ꯂꯥ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Laa Leima (La Leima) 
|ꯂꯥꯔꯩꯃ
|Laareima (Lareima) 
|Goddess of banana leaf
|Laa (Lā) 
|[[Banana leaves]]
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|ꯐꯨ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Phu Leima
|ꯐꯨꯂꯩꯃ, ꯐꯨꯔꯩꯃ 
|Phuleima, Phureima
|Goddess of pots
|Phu (Phoo), Pukham
|Pots (Vessels), Plates 
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|ꯄꯤꯁꯨꯝ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Pishum Leima
|ꯄꯤꯁꯨꯝꯂꯩꯃ
|Pishumleima
|Lady of Pishum
|Laiphi, Khwangshet Namkhang, Namshaa, Sanaa Lupaa
|Clothes for deities, Waist clothings (Belts), Upper body clothings, Jewellery of gold and silver
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
|ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Thangching Leima
|ꯊꯥꯪꯆꯤꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯊꯥꯪꯖꯤꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Thang-ching Leima, Thangjing Leima
|Lady of Thangching
|Paannao Shingnao, Maroi, Morok
|Colocasia (Taro), Herbs, Chili peppers, Chives
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|ꯋꯥꯢꯁꯦꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Waisheng Leima
|ꯋꯥꯏꯁꯦꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯋꯥꯢꯁꯦꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯋꯥꯏꯁꯦꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Waiseng Leima
|Waisheng Lady 
|Thum Lukmai (Thoom Lookmai) 
|Salt, Salt cakes
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
|ꯋꯥꯢꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Waithou Leima
|ꯋꯥꯏꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Wai-thou Leima
|Lady of Waithou
|Thau (Thao) 
|Oils (Edible oil) 
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
|ꯋꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Waal Leima
|ꯋꯥꯜꯂꯩꯃ, ꯋꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯋꯥꯟꯂꯩꯃ
|Wal Leima, Waan Leima, Wan Leima 
|Lady associated with cooking, eating and kitchens
|Waal 
| 
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|}

== Sandarbh ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>pej0xwdbirgatbkgsz6fcpdqnf1inci</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament 2025</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>65544</id>
    <revision>
      <id>337714</id>
      <parentid>326928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-24T12:03:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KaiRewa</username>
        <id>33465</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>337714</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4677" sha1="fwdxx5dciibitrxhxej8s4vw10rjcva" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=250 style=&quot;margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Fiji Football Association Cup&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;90px&quot; | [[Image:Flag of Fiji.svg|115px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;90px&quot; | [[Image:FFALogo.jpg|50px]]
|}
|-
| width=&quot;75px&quot;|'''Number:''' || align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;175px&quot;|'''34'''
|-
| '''Jagha:''' || HFC Bank Stadium, Suva
|-
| '''Tarik:''' || 30 May - 1 June &amp; 7, 8 June
|-
| '''Winner:''' || Labasa
|-
| '''Runner-up:''' || Rewa
|-
| '''Goals:''' || 3 - 1 (pen)
|-
| '''Goal banae waala:''' || 
|-

|-style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot;
|  colspan=&quot;2&quot;  |'''[[Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament 2024|&lt;&lt;FACT 2024]]  &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;   [[Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament 2026|FACT 2026&gt;&gt;]]
|}

[[Fiji]] ke '''34th (Digicel) Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament''', [[30 May]] - [[1 June]] aur [[7 June]] - [[8 June]] [[2025]] talak [[Suva]] ke [[HFC Bank Stadium]] me khela gais rahaa.

2025 ke jiite waala team Labasa rahaa.

== Pool Stage ==
Tournament ke 8 team ke dui pool me baata gias rahaa. Duuno pool ke team, aapan pool me se aur sab team se ek dafe khelis. Ii sab game HFC Bank Stadium me  khela gais rahaa. Jeete waala team ke 3 point mila, draw khatir 1 point aur haare waala team ke 0 point.

=== Group A ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|-
!width=175                        |Team
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Played&quot;          |Pld
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Won&quot;             |W
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Drawn&quot;           |D
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Lost&quot;            |L
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Goals for&quot;       |GF
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Goals against&quot;   |GA
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Points&quot;          |Pts
|- bgcolor=&quot;#ccffcc&quot;
|align=left|[[Lautoka Football Association|Lautoka]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:LautokaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||2||1||0||4||1||+3||7
|- bgcolor=&quot;#ccffcc&quot;
|align=left| [[Rewa Soccer Association|Rewa]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:RewaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||1||1||1||2||2||0||4
|-
|align=left|[[Ba Football Association|Ba]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:BaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||1||0||2||1||3||-2||3
|-
|align=left|[[Navua Soccer Association|Navua]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:NavuaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||0||2||1||2||3||-1||1
|}

=== Group B ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|-
!width=175                        |Team
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Played&quot;          |Pld
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Won&quot;             |W
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Drawn&quot;           |D
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Lost&quot;            |L
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Goals for&quot;       |GF
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Goals against&quot;   |GA
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Points&quot;          |Pts
|- bgcolor=&quot;#ccffcc&quot;
|align=left|[[Suva Soccer Association|Suva]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:SUvaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||2||1||0||7||0||+7||7
|- bgcolor=&quot;#ccffcc&quot;
|align=left| [[Labasa Soccer Association|Labasa]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:LabasaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||1||1||1||2||2||0||4
|- 
|align=left| [[Nadroga Soccer Association|Nadroga]]&amp;nbsp;[[file:NadrogaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||1||1||1||2||3||-1||4
|-
|align=left|[[Nadi Soccer Association|Nadi]]&amp;nbsp;[[file:NadiLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||0||1||2||0||6||-6||1

|}

=== Semi finals ===
{{footballbox
|date = [[7 June]] [[2025]]
|time = 
|team1 = [[Lautoka Football Association|Lautoka]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:LautokaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|score = 0 &amp;ndash; 1
|report =  
|team2 = [[file:LabasaLogo.jpg|20px]]&amp;nbsp; [[Labasa Soccer Association|Labasa]] 
|goals1 = 
|goals2 =  
|stadium = [[HFC Bank Stadium]], [[Suva]]
|attendance = 
|referee =  
}}
{{footballbox
|date = [[7 June]] [[2025]]
|time = 
|team1 = [[Suva Soccer Association|Suva]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:SuvaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|score = 0 &amp;ndash; 1
|report =  
|team2 = [[file:RewaLogo.jpg|20px]]&amp;nbsp; [[Rewa Soccer Association|Rewa]] 
|goals1 = 
|goals2 =  
|stadium = [[HFC Bank Stadium]], [[Suva]]
|attendance = 
|referee =  
}}

=== Final ===
{{footballbox
|date = [[8 June]] [[2025]]
|time = 
|team1 = [[Labasa Soccer Association|Labasa]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:LabasaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|score = 3 &amp;ndash; 1 (pen)
|report =  
|team2 = [[file:RewaLogo.jpg|20px]]&amp;nbsp; [[Rewa Soccer Association|Rewa]] 
|goals1 = 
|goals2 =  
|stadium = [[HFC Bank Stadium]], [[Suva]]
|attendance = 
|referee =  
}}

{{winners|fb|2025 Fiji FACT|Labasa|6th}}

== References ==

* [http://www.rsssf.com/tablesf/fiji2025.html The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]

&lt;references/&gt;

== Aur dekho ==
* [[Fiji me football]]
{{portal|Fiji me football|Soccer ball.svg|size=50|left=yes}}
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----
{{FFATOURNAMENTS2}}

[[vibhag:B]]
[[vibhag:2025]]
[[vibhag:Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament|2025]]</text>
      <sha1>fwdxx5dciibitrxhxej8s4vw10rjcva</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament 2026</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>69550</id>
    <revision>
      <id>337715</id>
      <parentid>337713</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-24T12:03:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KaiRewa</username>
        <id>33465</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>337715</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4565" sha1="nt0pupcuqmhczfujxx6oa5hgbzl5dl3" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=250 style=&quot;margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;'''Fiji Football Association Cup&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;90px&quot; | [[Image:Flag of Fiji.svg|115px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;90px&quot; | [[Image:FFALogo.jpg|50px]]
|}
|-
| width=&quot;75px&quot;|'''Number:''' || align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;175px&quot;|'''35'''
|-
| '''Jagha:''' || Subrail Park, Labasa
|-
| '''Tarik:''' || 19 June - 21 June &amp; 27, 28 June
|-
| '''Winner:''' || Ba
|-
| '''Runner-up:''' || Navua
|-
| '''Goals:''' || 3 - 1 (aet, pen)
|-
| '''Goal banae waala:''' || 
|-

|-style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot;
|  colspan=&quot;2&quot;  |'''[[Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament 2025|&lt;&lt;FACT 2025]] 
|}

[[Fiji]] ke '''35th (Digicel) Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament''', [[19 June]] - [[21 June]] aur [[27 June]] - [[28 June]] [[2026]] talak [[Labasa]] ke [[Subrail Park]] me khela gais rahaa.

2025 ke jiite waala team Ba rahaa.

== Pool Stage ==
Tournament ke 8 team ke dui pool me baata gias rahaa. Duuno pool ke team, aapan pool me se aur sab team se ek dafe khelis. Ii sab game HFC Bank Stadium me  khela gais rahaa. Jeete waala team ke 3 point mila, draw khatir 1 point aur haare waala team ke 0 point.

=== Group A ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|-
!width=175                        |Team
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Played&quot;          |Pld
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Won&quot;             |W
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Drawn&quot;           |D
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Lost&quot;            |L
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Goals for&quot;       |GF
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Goals against&quot;   |GA
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Points&quot;          |Pts
|- bgcolor=&quot;#ccffcc&quot;
|align=left|[[Labasa Soccer Association|Labasa]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:LabasaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||1||2||0||5||3||+2||5
|- bgcolor=&quot;#ccffcc&quot;
|align=left| [[Navua Soccer Association|Navua]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:NavuaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||1||1||1||3||2||+1||4
|-
|align=left|[[Rewa Soccer Association|Rewa]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:RewaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||1||1||1||5||6||-1||4
|-
|align=left|[[Suva Soccer Association|Suva]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:SuvaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||0||2||1||2||4||-2||2
|}

=== Group B ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|-
!width=175                        |Team
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Played&quot;          |Pld
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Won&quot;             |W
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Drawn&quot;           |D
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Lost&quot;            |L
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Goals for&quot;       |GF
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Goals against&quot;   |GA
!width=30  abbr=&quot;Points&quot;          |Pts
|- bgcolor=&quot;#ccffcc&quot;
|align=left|[[Lautoka Football Association|Lautoka]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:LautokaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||3||0||0||8||1||+7||9
|- bgcolor=&quot;#ccffcc&quot;
|align=left| [[Ba Football Association|Ba]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:BaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||2||0||1||10||3||+7||6
|- 
|align=left| [[Nadroga Soccer Association|Nadroga]]&amp;nbsp;[[file:NadrogaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||1||0||2||5||6||-1||3
|-
|align=left|[[Nasinu Football Association|Nasinu]]&amp;nbsp;[[file:NasinuLogo.jpg|20px]]
|3||0||0||3||1||14||-13||0

|}

=== Semi finals ===
{{footballbox
|date = [[27 June]] [[2026]]
|time = 
|team1 = [[Ba Football Association|Ba]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:BaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|score = 1 &amp;ndash; 0 (aet)
|report =  
|team2 = [[file:LabasaLogo.jpg|20px]]&amp;nbsp; [[Labasa Soccer Association|Labasa]] 
|goals1 = 
|goals2 =  
|stadium = [[Subrail Park]], [[Labasa]]
|attendance = 
|referee =  
}}
{{footballbox
|date = [[27 June]] [[2026]]
|time = 
|team1 = [[Lautoka Football Association|Lautoka]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:SuvaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|score = 1 &amp;ndash; 2 (aet)
|report =  
|team2 = [[file:NavuaLogo.jpg|20px]]&amp;nbsp; [[Navua Soccer Association|Navua]] 
|goals1 = 
|goals2 =  
|stadium = [[Subrail Park]], [[Labasa]]
|attendance = 
|referee =  
}}

=== Final ===
{{footballbox
|date = [[28 June]] [[2026]]
|time = 
|team1 = [[Ba Football Association|Ba]]&amp;nbsp; [[file:BaLogo.jpg|20px]]
|score = 3 &amp;ndash; 1 (aet, pen)
|report =  
|team2 = [[file:NavuaLogo.jpg|20px]]&amp;nbsp; [[Navua Soccer Association|Navua]] 
|goals1 = 
|goals2 =  
|stadium = [[Subrail Park]], [[Labasa]]
|attendance = 
|referee =  
}}

{{winners|fb|2026 Fiji FACT|Ba|10th}}

== References ==

* [http://www.rsssf.com/tablesf/fiji2025.html The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]

&lt;references/&gt;

== Aur dekho ==
* [[Fiji me football]]
{{portal|Fiji me football|Soccer ball.svg|size=50|left=yes}}
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----
{{FFATOURNAMENTS2}}

[[vibhag:B]]
[[vibhag:2026]]
[[vibhag:Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament|2026]]</text>
      <sha1>nt0pupcuqmhczfujxx6oa5hgbzl5dl3</sha1>
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