Wikipedia hifwiki https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahila_Panna MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter saadhan khaas baat sadasya sadasya ke baat Wikipedia Wikipedia baat file file ke baat MediaWiki MediaWiki ke baat Template Template ke baat madat madat ke baat vibhag voibhag ke baat TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 6022 337893 337888 2026-09-02T10:38:34Z Hanga1966 35932 337893 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aztec Empire.png|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Aztec Empire]], 1519 me, [[Mesoamerica]]me]] '''Aztecs''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|z|t|ɛ|k|s}} {{respell|AZ|teks}}) ek [[Mesoamerica]]n civilization ke rahin jon central [[Mexico]] me 1300 se 1521 talak rahin. Aztec log me dher [[Indigenous peoples of Mexico|ethnic groups of central Mexico]] rahin, khaas kar ke uulog jon [[Nahuatl bhasa]] me baat karat rahin. Aztec sanskriti city-states (''[[altepetl]]'') me organised rahaa, jisme se kuchh mil ke alliances , political confederations, nai to empires banae rahin. [[Aztec Empire]], tiin city-states ke ek confederation rahaa, jiske 1427 me banaawa gais rahaa: [[Tenochtitlan]] ([[Mexica]] ke capital), [[Tetzcoco (altepetl)|Tetzcoco]], aur [[Tlacopan]]. Jab "Aztecs" sabd<ref name="Aztecs or Mixicas">{{Cite web|url=https://mexicanroutes.com/why-are-aztecs-called-mexicas/|title=Why are Aztecs called Mexicas?|website=mexicanroutes.com|date=4 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-04}}</ref> ke jaada kar ke khaali Mexica of Tenochtitlan ke khaatir kaam me laawa jaae hae, iske mota taur pe [[Nahuas|Nahua]] log central [[Pre-Columbian Mexico|Mexico in the pre-Hispanic era]] ke,<ref>e.g.{{harvnb|Offner|1983}}</ref> aur [[New Spain|Spanish colonial era]] (1521–1821).<ref>{{harvnb|Gibson|1964}}</ref> Central Mexico ke jaada ethnic groups, [[Post-Classic stage|post-classic period]] ke, ek duusre se Mesoamerica ke traits ke share karat rahin.<ref name="auto">{{harvnb|Smith|1997|pp=4–7}}</ref> Central Mexico ke sanskriti me [[makai]] ke kheti, social division nobility (''[[pipiltin]]'') aur commoners (''[[macehualtin]]'') ke biich me, ek [[Pantheon (religion)|pantheon]], aur [[Aztec calendar|calendric system]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lucia |first=Kristin De |date=2018 |title=Style, Memory, and the Production of History: Aztec Pottery and the Materialization of a Toltec Legacy |url=http://iu.tind.io/record/918/files/2795_Style-Memory-and-the-Production.pdf |journal=Current Anthropology |language=en |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=741–764 |doi=10.1086/700916 |s2cid=150354407 |issn=0011-3204}}</ref> Mexica [[Valley of Mexico]] me baad me aae rahin, aur city-state Tenochtitlan ke unpromising [[islet]] ke uppar [[Lake Texcoco]] me banae rahin, aur ii log baad me Aztec Triple Alliance nai to Aztec Empire banae rahin jon Mesoamerica bhar me [[Aztec warfare|duusra city-states ke conquer kar le rahin]] , ke sab se taagatwar hissa ban gay rahin. Ii 1427 me suruu bhais rahaa city-states Tenochtitlan, [[Texcoco (altepetl)|Texcoco]], aur Tlacopan ke biich ke ek alliance ke ruup me, jon maangat rahin Tepanec state of Azcapotzalco, jon pahile ii valley ke dominate karat rahin, ke appan niche kare. Bahut din nai lagaa ki Texcoco aur Tlacopan ke junior partnership ii alliance me kar dewa gais rahaa, aur Tenochtitlan dominant power rahaa. Ii empire aapan taagat barrhais rahaa rahaa trade aur military conquest se. Ii kabhi ek sacchaa territorial empire controlling territory by military garrisons nai rahaa, lekin ii dominated client city-states friendly rulers ke install kar ke, [[marriage alliances]] between the ruling dynasties banae rahin, aur ek [[Imperialism|imperial ideology]] ke failae rahin.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|1997|pp=174–175}}</ref> Client city-states taxes bhare rahin, tribute nai<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Michael E.|date=2014|title=The Aztecs Paid Taxes, Not Tribute|journal=Mexicon|volume=36|issue=1|pages=19–22|jstor=43857654|issn=0720-5988}}</ref> Aztec emperor ke, ''[[Huey Tlatoani]]'', jon ek economic strategy rahaa jisme communication aur trade between outlying polities ke limit karaa jaawat rahaa, jiske kaaran uulog imperial center pe luxury goods ke khaatir nirbhar rahin.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|1997|pp=176–182}}</ref> Ii empire sab se barraa 1519 me rahaa, Spanish [[conquistador]]s led by [[Hernán Cortés]] ke aae se pahile. Cortés, city-states jon Mexica ke virodhi rahin, se allied hoe gais. 13 August 1521me, fall of Tenochtitlan ke baad, aur emperor [[Cuauhtémoc]] ke capture ke baad, Spanish [[Mexico City]] ke Tenochtitlan ke ruins me banae rahin aur [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|colonization of the Americas]] ke [[Spanish Empire]] me kar diye rahin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-22 |title=Hernán Cortés conquers the Aztec Empire |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/cortes-tenochtitlan |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> 1521 me, Aztec Empire ke superstructure ke barbaadi ke baad, Spanish city-states ke kaam me laae ke indigenous populations pe raaj karat rahin, local nobles ke kaam me laae ke. Nobles intermediaries ke kaam karat rahin, taxes batore ke khaatir aur labor ke mobilise kare ke khaatir, jisse Spanish rule establish hoe gais rahaa.<ref>{{harvnb|Cline|2000|pp=193–197}}</ref> Aztec sanskriti aur itihaass ke jaada kar ke archaeological sabuut jiske found excavations me paawa gais hae, jaise [[Templo Mayor]] Mexico City me; [[Aztec codex|Indigenous writings]] se, eyewitness accounts jiske baare me Spanish conquistadors likhin hae; aur 16th- aur 17th-century Aztec sanskriti aur itihaas ke description jiske Spanish clergymen aur Aztecs likhe rahin, jaise illustrated, bilingual (Spanish aur Nahuatl), [[Florentine Codex]] jiske Franciscan friar [[Bernardino de Sahagún]] banais rahaa Aztec informants ke kaam me laae ke, se jaana jaawe hae. Post-conquest Nahuas ke ek jaruri kaam rahaa indigenous scribes to write [[New Philology (Latin America)|alphabetic texts in Nahuatl]] ke likhe khaatir, khaas kar ke local purposes ke khaatir, Spanish rule ke niche. Aapan chotii pe, Aztec culture ke rich [[Aztec philosophy|philosophical]], [[Aztec mythology|mythological]], aur [[Aztec religion|religious traditions]] rahaa, aur iske saathe, ek remarkable [[Aztec architecture|architectural]] aur artistic accomplishments. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Vibhag:A]] [[Vibhag:Mexico]] [[Category:Native American]] 01ffg73hwl7bcokhqm9eu46m6imhjp2 337894 337893 2026-09-02T11:00:35Z Hanga1966 35932 337894 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aztec Empire.png|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Aztec Empire]], 1519 me, [[Mesoamerica]]me]] '''Aztecs''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|z|t|ɛ|k|s}} {{respell|AZ|teks}}) ek [[Mesoamerica]]n civilization ke rahin jon central [[Mexico]] me 1300 se 1521 talak rahin. Aztec log me dher [[Indigenous peoples of Mexico|ethnic groups of central Mexico]] rahin, khaas kar ke uulog jon [[Nahuatl bhasa]] me baat karat rahin. Aztec sanskriti city-states (''[[altepetl]]'') me organised rahaa, jisme se kuchh mil ke alliances , political confederations, nai to empires banae rahin. [[Aztec Empire]], tiin city-states ke ek confederation rahaa, jiske 1427 me banaawa gais rahaa: [[Tenochtitlan]] ([[Mexica]] ke capital), [[Tetzcoco (altepetl)|Tetzcoco]], aur [[Tlacopan]]. Jab "Aztecs" sabd<ref name="Aztecs or Mixicas">{{Cite web|url=https://mexicanroutes.com/why-are-aztecs-called-mexicas/|title=Why are Aztecs called Mexicas?|website=mexicanroutes.com|date=4 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-04}}</ref> ke jaada kar ke khaali Mexica of Tenochtitlan ke khaatir kaam me laawa jaae hae, iske mota taur pe [[Nahuas|Nahua]] log central [[Pre-Columbian Mexico|Mexico in the pre-Hispanic era]] ke,<ref>e.g.{{harvnb|Offner|1983}}</ref> aur [[New Spain|Spanish colonial era]] (1521–1821).<ref>{{harvnb|Gibson|1964}}</ref> Central Mexico ke jaada ethnic groups, [[Post-Classic stage|post-classic period]] ke, ek duusre se Mesoamerica ke traits ke share karat rahin.<ref name="auto">{{harvnb|Smith|1997|pp=4–7}}</ref> Central Mexico ke sanskriti me [[makai]] ke kheti, social division nobility (''[[pipiltin]]'') aur commoners (''[[macehualtin]]'') ke biich me, ek [[Pantheon (religion)|pantheon]], aur [[Aztec calendar|calendric system]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lucia |first=Kristin De |date=2018 |title=Style, Memory, and the Production of History: Aztec Pottery and the Materialization of a Toltec Legacy |url=http://iu.tind.io/record/918/files/2795_Style-Memory-and-the-Production.pdf |journal=Current Anthropology |language=en |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=741–764 |doi=10.1086/700916 |s2cid=150354407 |issn=0011-3204}}</ref> Mexica [[Valley of Mexico]] me baad me aae rahin, aur city-state Tenochtitlan ke unpromising [[islet]] ke uppar [[Lake Texcoco]] me banae rahin, aur ii log baad me Aztec Triple Alliance nai to Aztec Empire banae rahin jon Mesoamerica bhar me [[Aztec warfare|duusra city-states ke conquer kar le rahin]] , ke sab se taagatwar hissa ban gay rahin. Ii 1427 me suruu bhais rahaa city-states Tenochtitlan, [[Texcoco (altepetl)|Texcoco]], aur Tlacopan ke biich ke ek alliance ke ruup me, jon maangat rahin Tepanec state of Azcapotzalco, jon pahile ii valley ke dominate karat rahin, ke appan niche kare. Bahut din nai lagaa ki Texcoco aur Tlacopan ke junior partnership ii alliance me kar dewa gais rahaa, aur Tenochtitlan dominant power rahaa. Ii empire aapan taagat barrhais rahaa rahaa trade aur military conquest se. Ii kabhi ek sacchaa territorial empire controlling territory by military garrisons nai rahaa, lekin ii dominated client city-states friendly rulers ke install kar ke, [[marriage alliances]] between the ruling dynasties banae rahin, aur ek [[Imperialism|imperial ideology]] ke failae rahin.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|1997|pp=174–175}}</ref> Client city-states taxes bhare rahin, tribute nai<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Michael E.|date=2014|title=The Aztecs Paid Taxes, Not Tribute|journal=Mexicon|volume=36|issue=1|pages=19–22|jstor=43857654|issn=0720-5988}}</ref> Aztec emperor ke, ''[[Huey Tlatoani]]'', jon ek economic strategy rahaa jisme communication aur trade between outlying polities ke limit karaa jaawat rahaa, jiske kaaran uulog imperial center pe luxury goods ke khaatir nirbhar rahin.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|1997|pp=176–182}}</ref> Ii empire sab se barraa 1519 me rahaa, Spanish [[conquistador]]s led by [[Hernán Cortés]] ke aae se pahile. Cortés, city-states jon Mexica ke virodhi rahin, se allied hoe gais. 13 August 1521me, fall of Tenochtitlan ke baad, aur emperor [[Cuauhtémoc]] ke capture ke baad, Spanish [[Mexico City]] ke Tenochtitlan ke ruins me banae rahin aur [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|colonization of the Americas]] ke [[Spanish Empire]] me kar diye rahin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-22 |title=Hernán Cortés conquers the Aztec Empire |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/cortes-tenochtitlan |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> 1521 me, Aztec Empire ke superstructure ke barbaadi ke baad, Spanish city-states ke kaam me laae ke indigenous populations pe raaj karat rahin, local nobles ke kaam me laae ke. Nobles intermediaries ke kaam karat rahin, taxes batore ke khaatir aur labor ke mobilise kare ke khaatir, jisse Spanish rule establish hoe gais rahaa.<ref>{{harvnb|Cline|2000|pp=193–197}}</ref> Aztec sanskriti aur itihaass ke jaada kar ke archaeological sabuut jiske found excavations me paawa gais hae, jaise [[Templo Mayor]] Mexico City me; [[Aztec codex|Indigenous writings]] se, eyewitness accounts jiske baare me Spanish conquistadors likhin hae; aur 16th- aur 17th-century Aztec sanskriti aur itihaas ke description jiske Spanish clergymen aur Aztecs likhe rahin, jaise illustrated, bilingual (Spanish aur Nahuatl), [[Florentine Codex]] jiske Franciscan friar [[Bernardino de Sahagún]] banais rahaa Aztec informants ke kaam me laae ke, se jaana jaawe hae. Post-conquest Nahuas ke ek jaruri kaam rahaa indigenous scribes to write [[New Philology (Latin America)|alphabetic texts in Nahuatl]] ke likhe khaatir, khaas kar ke local purposes ke khaatir, Spanish rule ke niche. Aapan chotii pe, Aztec culture ke rich [[Aztec philosophy|philosophical]], [[Aztec mythology|mythological]], aur [[Aztec religion|religious traditions]] rahaa, aur iske saathe, ek remarkable [[Aztec architecture|architectural]] aur artistic accomplishments. == Definitions == [[File:Set of Mesoamerican bronze axes.JPG|upright=0.8|thumb|Aztec metal [[axe]] blades. [[European colonization of the Americas|European settlers]], ke aawe se pahile see: [[Metallurgy in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica]]]] [[File:Aztec eagle warrior.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.8|Barraa ceramic statue ek Aztec eagle warrior ke]] [[Nahuatl]] sabd ''aztēcatl'' ({{IPA|nah|asˈteːkat͡ɬ}}, singular)<ref name="mx"/> aur ''aztēcah'' ({{IPA|nah|asˈteːkaʔ}}, [[plural]])<ref name="mx">{{cite web |title=Náhuatl: AR-Z |website=Vocabulario.com.mx |url=http://www.vocabulario.com.mx/nahuatl/diccionario_nahuatl_a4.html |access-date=30 August 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017045808/http://vocabulario.com.mx/nahuatl/diccionario_nahuatl_a4.html |archive-date=17 October 2012}}</ref> ke matlab hae "log [[Aztlán]] se",<ref name="Aztec">{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Aztec |title=Aztec |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707033724/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Aztec |archive-date=7 July 2014}}</ref> ek mythical jagha jahan se dher ethnic groups central Mexico me aae rahin. Ii sabd ke ek [[endonym]] ke rakam Aztecs nai kaam me laawat rahin, lekin iske dher migration accounts of Mexica me paawa jaae hae, jahaan pe ii describe kare hae dher tribes jon Aztlan ke ek saathe chhorre rahin. Ii safar ke ek khissa me, Aztlan, [[Huitzilopochtli]] se, [[tutelary deity]] Mexica tribe ke, aapan chela log ke aapan safar ke baare me batae hae ki "ab tummar naam Azteca nai hae, ab tum Mexitin [Mexica] hae".{{sfn|Chimalpahin|1997|p=73}} Aak-kal ke usage me, sabd "Aztec" khaali Mexicalog Tenochtitlan (jahan pe abhi Mexico City hae), ek island [[Lake Texcoco]] me, ke khaatir kaam me laawa jaae hae jon apne ke ''Mēxihcah'' ({{IPA|nah|meːˈʃiʔkaʔ}}, ek tribal designation jisme [[Tlatelolco (altepetl)|Tlatelolco]]), ''Tenochcah'' ({{IPA|nah|teˈnot͡ʃkaʔ}}, jon Mexica of Tenochtitlan ke refer kare hae, Tlatelolco ke chhorr ke) nai to ''Cōlhuah'' ({{IPA|nah|ˈkoːlwaʔ}}, jon uulog ke royal genealogy ke refer kare hae tying them to [[Culhuacan (altepetl)|Culhuacan]]) rahin.{{sfn|Barlow|1949}}{{sfn|León-Portilla|2000}}<ref group=nb>{{harvnb|Smith|1997|p=4}} writes "For many the term 'Aztec' refers strictly to the inhabitants of Tenochtitlan (the Mexica people), or perhaps the inhabitants of the Valley of Mexico, the highland basin where the Mexica and certain other Aztec groups lived. I believe it makes more sense to expand the definition of "Aztec" to include the peoples of nearby highland valleys in addition to the inhabitants of the Valley of Mexico. In the final few centuries before the arrival of the Spaniards in 1519, the peoples of this wider area all spoke the Nahuatl language (the language of the Aztecs), and they all traced their origins to a mythical place called Aztlan (Aztlan is the etymon of "Aztec," a modern label that was not used by the Aztecs themselves)"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lockhart|1992|p=1}} writes "These people I call the Nahuas, a name they sometimes used themselves and the one that has become current today in Mexico, in preference to Aztecs. The latter term has several decisive disadvantages: it implies a quasi-national unity that did not exist, it directs attention to an ephemeral imperial agglomeration, it is attached specifically to the pre-conquest period, and by the standards of the time, its use for anyone other than the Mexica (the inhabitants of the imperial capital, Tenochtitlan) would have been improper even if it had been the Mexica's primary designation, which it was not"</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Vibhag:A]] [[Vibhag:Mexico]] [[Category:Native American]] lv4l2sacj3a1397d264xalbsjbyflcg 337895 337894 2026-09-02T11:11:10Z Hanga1966 35932 337895 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aztec Empire.png|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Aztec Empire]], 1519 me, [[Mesoamerica]]me]] '''Aztecs''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|z|t|ɛ|k|s}} {{respell|AZ|teks}}) ek [[Mesoamerica]]n civilization ke rahin jon central [[Mexico]] me 1300 se 1521 talak rahin. Aztec log me dher [[Indigenous peoples of Mexico|ethnic groups of central Mexico]] rahin, khaas kar ke uulog jon [[Nahuatl bhasa]] me baat karat rahin. Aztec sanskriti city-states (''[[altepetl]]'') me organised rahaa, jisme se kuchh mil ke alliances , political confederations, nai to empires banae rahin. [[Aztec Empire]], tiin city-states ke ek confederation rahaa, jiske 1427 me banaawa gais rahaa: [[Tenochtitlan]] ([[Mexica]] ke capital), [[Tetzcoco (altepetl)|Tetzcoco]], aur [[Tlacopan]]. Jab "Aztecs" sabd<ref name="Aztecs or Mixicas">{{Cite web|url=https://mexicanroutes.com/why-are-aztecs-called-mexicas/|title=Why are Aztecs called Mexicas?|website=mexicanroutes.com|date=4 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-04}}</ref> ke jaada kar ke khaali Mexica of Tenochtitlan ke khaatir kaam me laawa jaae hae, iske mota taur pe [[Nahuas|Nahua]] log central [[Pre-Columbian Mexico|Mexico in the pre-Hispanic era]] ke,<ref>e.g.{{harvnb|Offner|1983}}</ref> aur [[New Spain|Spanish colonial era]] (1521–1821).<ref>{{harvnb|Gibson|1964}}</ref> Central Mexico ke jaada ethnic groups, [[Post-Classic stage|post-classic period]] ke, ek duusre se Mesoamerica ke traits ke share karat rahin.<ref name="auto">{{harvnb|Smith|1997|pp=4–7}}</ref> Central Mexico ke sanskriti me [[makai]] ke kheti, social division nobility (''[[pipiltin]]'') aur commoners (''[[macehualtin]]'') ke biich me, ek [[Pantheon (religion)|pantheon]], aur [[Aztec calendar|calendric system]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lucia |first=Kristin De |date=2018 |title=Style, Memory, and the Production of History: Aztec Pottery and the Materialization of a Toltec Legacy |url=http://iu.tind.io/record/918/files/2795_Style-Memory-and-the-Production.pdf |journal=Current Anthropology |language=en |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=741–764 |doi=10.1086/700916 |s2cid=150354407 |issn=0011-3204}}</ref> Mexica [[Valley of Mexico]] me baad me aae rahin, aur city-state Tenochtitlan ke unpromising [[islet]] ke uppar [[Lake Texcoco]] me banae rahin, aur ii log baad me Aztec Triple Alliance nai to Aztec Empire banae rahin jon Mesoamerica bhar me [[Aztec warfare|duusra city-states ke conquer kar le rahin]] , ke sab se taagatwar hissa ban gay rahin. Ii 1427 me suruu bhais rahaa city-states Tenochtitlan, [[Texcoco (altepetl)|Texcoco]], aur Tlacopan ke biich ke ek alliance ke ruup me, jon maangat rahin Tepanec state of Azcapotzalco, jon pahile ii valley ke dominate karat rahin, ke appan niche kare. Bahut din nai lagaa ki Texcoco aur Tlacopan ke junior partnership ii alliance me kar dewa gais rahaa, aur Tenochtitlan dominant power rahaa. Ii empire aapan taagat barrhais rahaa rahaa trade aur military conquest se. Ii kabhi ek sacchaa territorial empire controlling territory by military garrisons nai rahaa, lekin ii dominated client city-states friendly rulers ke install kar ke, [[marriage alliances]] between the ruling dynasties banae rahin, aur ek [[Imperialism|imperial ideology]] ke failae rahin.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|1997|pp=174–175}}</ref> Client city-states taxes bhare rahin, tribute nai<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Michael E.|date=2014|title=The Aztecs Paid Taxes, Not Tribute|journal=Mexicon|volume=36|issue=1|pages=19–22|jstor=43857654|issn=0720-5988}}</ref> Aztec emperor ke, ''[[Huey Tlatoani]]'', jon ek economic strategy rahaa jisme communication aur trade between outlying polities ke limit karaa jaawat rahaa, jiske kaaran uulog imperial center pe luxury goods ke khaatir nirbhar rahin.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|1997|pp=176–182}}</ref> Ii empire sab se barraa 1519 me rahaa, Spanish [[conquistador]]s led by [[Hernán Cortés]] ke aae se pahile. Cortés, city-states jon Mexica ke virodhi rahin, se allied hoe gais. 13 August 1521me, fall of Tenochtitlan ke baad, aur emperor [[Cuauhtémoc]] ke capture ke baad, Spanish [[Mexico City]] ke Tenochtitlan ke ruins me banae rahin aur [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|colonization of the Americas]] ke [[Spanish Empire]] me kar diye rahin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-22 |title=Hernán Cortés conquers the Aztec Empire |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/cortes-tenochtitlan |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> 1521 me, Aztec Empire ke superstructure ke barbaadi ke baad, Spanish city-states ke kaam me laae ke indigenous populations pe raaj karat rahin, local nobles ke kaam me laae ke. Nobles intermediaries ke kaam karat rahin, taxes batore ke khaatir aur labor ke mobilise kare ke khaatir, jisse Spanish rule establish hoe gais rahaa.<ref>{{harvnb|Cline|2000|pp=193–197}}</ref> Aztec sanskriti aur itihaass ke jaada kar ke archaeological sabuut jiske found excavations me paawa gais hae, jaise [[Templo Mayor]] Mexico City me; [[Aztec codex|Indigenous writings]] se, eyewitness accounts jiske baare me Spanish conquistadors likhin hae; aur 16th- aur 17th-century Aztec sanskriti aur itihaas ke description jiske Spanish clergymen aur Aztecs likhe rahin, jaise illustrated, bilingual (Spanish aur Nahuatl), [[Florentine Codex]] jiske Franciscan friar [[Bernardino de Sahagún]] banais rahaa Aztec informants ke kaam me laae ke, se jaana jaawe hae. Post-conquest Nahuas ke ek jaruri kaam rahaa indigenous scribes to write [[New Philology (Latin America)|alphabetic texts in Nahuatl]] ke likhe khaatir, khaas kar ke local purposes ke khaatir, Spanish rule ke niche. Aapan chotii pe, Aztec culture ke rich [[Aztec philosophy|philosophical]], [[Aztec mythology|mythological]], aur [[Aztec religion|religious traditions]] rahaa, aur iske saathe, ek remarkable [[Aztec architecture|architectural]] aur artistic accomplishments. == Definitions == [[File:Set of Mesoamerican bronze axes.JPG|upright=0.8|thumb|Aztec metal [[axe]] blades. [[European colonization of the Americas|European settlers]], ke aawe se pahile see: [[Metallurgy in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica]]]] [[File:Aztec eagle warrior.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.8|Barraa ceramic statue ek Aztec eagle warrior ke]] [[Nahuatl]] sabd ''aztēcatl'' ({{IPA|nah|asˈteːkat͡ɬ}}, singular)<ref name="mx"/> aur ''aztēcah'' ({{IPA|nah|asˈteːkaʔ}}, [[plural]])<ref name="mx">{{cite web |title=Náhuatl: AR-Z |website=Vocabulario.com.mx |url=http://www.vocabulario.com.mx/nahuatl/diccionario_nahuatl_a4.html |access-date=30 August 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017045808/http://vocabulario.com.mx/nahuatl/diccionario_nahuatl_a4.html |archive-date=17 October 2012}}</ref> ke matlab hae "log [[Aztlán]] se",<ref name="Aztec">{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Aztec |title=Aztec |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707033724/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Aztec |archive-date=7 July 2014}}</ref> ek mythical jagha jahan se dher ethnic groups central Mexico me aae rahin. Ii sabd ke ek [[endonym]] ke rakam Aztecs nai kaam me laawat rahin, lekin iske dher migration accounts of Mexica me paawa jaae hae, jahaan pe ii describe kare hae dher tribes jon Aztlan ke ek saathe chhorre rahin. Ii safar ke ek khissa me, Aztlan, [[Huitzilopochtli]] se, [[tutelary deity]] Mexica tribe ke, aapan chela log ke aapan safar ke baare me batae hae ki "ab tummar naam Azteca nai hae, ab tum Mexitin [Mexica] hae".{{sfn|Chimalpahin|1997|p=73}} Aak-kal ke usage me, sabd "Aztec" khaali Mexicalog Tenochtitlan (jahan pe abhi Mexico City hae), ek island [[Lake Texcoco]] me, ke khaatir kaam me laawa jaae hae jon apne ke ''Mēxihcah'' ({{IPA|nah|meːˈʃiʔkaʔ}}, ek tribal designation jisme [[Tlatelolco (altepetl)|Tlatelolco]]), ''Tenochcah'' ({{IPA|nah|teˈnot͡ʃkaʔ}}, jon Mexica of Tenochtitlan ke refer kare hae, Tlatelolco ke chhorr ke) nai to ''Cōlhuah'' ({{IPA|nah|ˈkoːlwaʔ}}, jon uulog ke royal genealogy ke refer kare hae tying them to [[Culhuacan (altepetl)|Culhuacan]]) rahin.{{sfn|Barlow|1949}}{{sfn|León-Portilla|2000}}<ref group=nb>{{harvnb|Smith|1997|p=4}} writes "For many the term 'Aztec' refers strictly to the inhabitants of Tenochtitlan (the Mexica people), or perhaps the inhabitants of the Valley of Mexico, the highland basin where the Mexica and certain other Aztec groups lived. I believe it makes more sense to expand the definition of "Aztec" to include the peoples of nearby highland valleys in addition to the inhabitants of the Valley of Mexico. In the final few centuries before the arrival of the Spaniards in 1519, the peoples of this wider area all spoke the Nahuatl language (the language of the Aztecs), and they all traced their origins to a mythical place called Aztlan (Aztlan is the etymon of "Aztec," a modern label that was not used by the Aztecs themselves)"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Lockhart|1992|p=1}} writes "These people I call the Nahuas, a name they sometimes used themselves and the one that has become current today in Mexico, in preference to Aztecs. The latter term has several decisive disadvantages: it implies a quasi-national unity that did not exist, it directs attention to an ephemeral imperial agglomeration, it is attached specifically to the pre-conquest period, and by the standards of the time, its use for anyone other than the Mexica (the inhabitants of the imperial capital, Tenochtitlan) would have been improper even if it had been the Mexica's primary designation, which it was not"</ref> Kabhi-kabhi ii sabd me Tenochtitlan ke dui khaas allied city-states ke log bhi hae, [[Acolhua]] [[Texcoco (altepetl)|Texcoco]] ke aur [[Tepanec]]s [[Tlacopan]] ke, jon Mexica ke saathe [[Aztec Empire|Triple Alliance]] banae rahin, ek state jon Valley of Mexico pe control [[Triumvirate|collective]] rakhis rahaa jiske "Aztec Empire" ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa. Sabd "Aztec" ke kaam me laana ii empire aur iske log ke describe kare ke khatir ke [[Robert H. Barlow]] ninda karis hae, jon sabd "'''Culhua-Mexica'''" ke prefer karat rahaa jon empire ke log ke reference karat rahaa,{{sfn|Barlow|1949}}{{sfn|Barlow|1945}} aur Pedro Carrasco, jon sabd "Tenochca Empire" ke prefer karat rahaa jon uulog ke state ke refer karat rahaa{{sfn|Carrasco|1999|p=4}} Carrasco "Aztec" sabd ke baare me likhis hae ki "ii ethnic complexity of [[Pre-Columbian Mexico|ancient Mexico]] ke khaatir koi kaam ke nai hae and for identifying the dominant element in the political entity we are studying".{{sfn|Carrasco|1999|p=4}} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Vibhag:A]] [[Vibhag:Mexico]] [[Category:Native American]] 7u44tuw0fdis24chkstddehadkhs91j 0 6639 337889 332679 2026-09-01T14:54:32Z Magnefl 7883 Haakon VIII 337889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country | fullcountryname = Kingdom of Norway<br />Kongeriket Norge<br />Kongeriket Noreg | image_flag = Flag of Norway.svg | image_coa =Coat of Arms of Norway.svg | image_location = Europe-Norway.svg | nationalmotto = [[Royal mottos of Norwegian monarchs|Royal]]: Alt for Norge ("Everything for Norway")<br />1814 [[Constitution of Norway|Eidsvoll oath]]: Enige og tro til [[Dovrefjell|Dovre]] faller<br />("United and faithful until the mountains of Dovre crumble") | nationalsong = ''[[Ja, vi elsker dette landet]]''<br />[[File:Norway (National Anthem).ogg]] | officiallanguages = [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], ''bokmål'' [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], ''nynorsk'' | populationtotal = 5,627,400<ref name="ssbf">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/folketall/statistikk/befolkning|title=Population, 2026-01-01|publisher=Statistics Norway|date=2026-02-25|accessdate=2026-02-26|language=en}}</ref><small>(2026)</small> | populationrank = 116 | populationdensity = 14.6 | countrycapital = [[Oslo]] | countrylargestcity = [[Oslo]] | areatotal = 385,207<ref name="kart">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Arealstatistikk/Arealstatistikk-Norge/|title=Arealstatistics for Norway 2020|publisher=Kartverket, mapping directory for Norway|year=2019|date=2019-12-20|accessdate=2020-03-08|language=no|archive-date=2019-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608034913/https://www.kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Arealstatistikk/Arealstatistikk-Norge/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[square kilometre|km²]]<br />148,729 [[square mile|sq mi]] | arearank = 67 | areawater = | areawaterpercent = 6.0 | establishedin = Constitution: [[May 17]], [[1814]] | leadertitlename = [[Monarch]]: [[Haakon VIII]]<br />[[Prime Minister]]: [[:no:Jonas Gahr Støre|Jonas Gahr Støre]] ([[Arbeiderpartiet|Ap]]) (2021–) | currency = [[Norwegian krone|Norwegian crown]] (Norsk krone) | utcoffset = [[Central European Time|CET]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+1)<br />[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+2) | dialingcode = +47 | internettld = .no .sj and .bv }} '''Norway''', north [[Europe]] ke ek [[des]] hae. Ii [[Scandinavia]]n [[peninsula]] ke western hissa me hae. Norway ke [[mainland]] ke west me samundar hae aur east me [[Russia]], [[Finland]],aur [[Sweden]] se border hae. == Duusra websites == * [http://www.norway.no Norway.no] – Official website * [http://www.visitnorway.com VisitNorway.com] – Official travel guide to Norway == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Norway| ]] o7f1ncu87x3ghg3qwbe2g9vw3pp0zd8 0 42963 337891 332112 2026-09-02T06:11:05Z Dr. Editor2412 40184 /* */ 337891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahir''' (Sanskrit:Abhira)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shashi |first=Shyam Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=duIjAQAAIAAJ&q=Ahir |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Tribes: The tribal world in transition |date=1994 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-836-8 |language=en}}</ref>, [[India|Hindustan]] ki ek kashtriya jati hae.Jiska Mahan itihas hae. Ye log jaada tar bade zamindar hae. Ii log apne ke Yadav bole hae. ==References== <references/> [[vibhag:A]] [[vibhag:India ke log]] {{stub}} narow2lnzln6ntf5b31xckmmniks56x 1 69593 337890 2026-09-01T17:58:44Z ~2026-47512-85 41214 /* топоним */ nawaa vibhag 337890 wikitext text/x-wiki == топоним == Siberia far from here [[khaas:Contributions/&#126;2026-47512-85|&#126;2026-47512-85]] ([[sadasya ke baat:&#126;2026-47512-85|talk]]) 17:58, 1 Saptambar 2026 (UTC) hipu9twq94e3wey8y6odzvl0bgs6ydp 3 69594 337892 2026-09-02T06:11:06Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 337892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Dr. Editor2412}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 06:11, 2 Saptambar 2026 (UTC) 8r2hjci9ca5jcqxyxfyey7pau052z9v