Wikipedia:Samaj Portal

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{{Samaj Portal Header}}
{{Archive box|auto=yes|search=yes}}
[[Category:Portals]]

&lt;!-- Please, put your message below. --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:42, 20 Actobar 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Actobar 2025 (UTC)
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== ESEAP Conference 2026 ==

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/ESEAP_Conference_2026 ESEAP Conference 2026] will be the 4th regional conference for Wikimedia communities throughout the ESEAP region. ESEAP stands for East, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. The conference will take place in Kaohsiung, Taiwan on 15–17 May 2026. The theme for the 2026 conference is &quot;New Era of ESEAP: Pioneer the Future Together!&quot;.  applications are open till November 30, 2025: &lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:gray 3px 2px 3px;&quot;&gt;[[User:Suyash.dwivedi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF5733;&quot;&gt;Suyash&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:#2E86C1;&quot;&gt;Dwivedi&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;''' ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|💬]]) 18:48, 10 Navambar 2025 (UTC)

== New Gadget Added: WikidataInfo ==
Our community now has a new gadget, WikidataInfo. This gadget displays basic Wikidata information (such as labels, descriptions, and aliases) associated with that article at the top of every page, below the title.

This helps users quickly see what information an article has on Wikidata.
If you're looking for this feature, go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|Preferences → Gadgets]] and enable WikidataInfo. Request any other useful gadgets you may need. ''': &lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:gray 3px 2px 3px;&quot;&gt;[[User:Suyash.dwivedi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF5733;&quot;&gt;Suyash&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:#2E86C1;&quot;&gt;Dwivedi&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;''' ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|💬]]) 19:40, 10 Navambar 2025 (UTC)

== Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 on Fiji-Hindi Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|200px|right|]]
'''Wikipedia Asian Month''' is an annual contest focused on promoting Asian content across various language-specific Wikipedias. Each participating community hosts a month-long online edit-a-thon every November–December to create new articles or improve existing ones about Asian topics, excluding those related to their own country. Participation is not limited to Asian communities.
'''This is the first-ever Fiji-Hindi Wikipedia edition''' of the contest. It will run from '''November 15, 2025, to December 14, 2025'''.Please '''[[Wikipedia:Asian Month/2025|click here]]''' to participate. ''': &lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:gray 3px 2px 3px;&quot;&gt;[[User:Suyash.dwivedi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF5733;&quot;&gt;Suyash&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:#2E86C1;&quot;&gt;Dwivedi&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;''' ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|💬]]) 18:18, 14 Navambar 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Navambar 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:43, 28 Navambar 2025 (UTC)
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== Infobox display issue fix karis gais hae ==


Infobox ke display problem ab '''fix kar dewa gais hai'''! 

=== Ka rahaa samasya? ===
* Infobox pura page ke width me stretch hoe rahe rahaa
* Right side me float nai hoe rahe rahaa
* Article parrhe me dikkat hoe rahe rahaa

=== Ka fix karis gais hai? ===
* [[Module:Infobox/styles.css]] me complete styling add karis gais
* Width: 22em (standard Wikipedia width)
* Proper float right aur center alignment
* Title, image aur caption sab center aligned

=== Editors ke khatir ===
{{Tick}} Koi bhi template edit kare ke jarurat nai hai&lt;br&gt;
{{Tick}} Sab existing infobox automatically thik ho jaai&lt;br&gt;
{{Tick}} Sirf browser refresh karo (Ctrl+Shift+R)&lt;br&gt;

=== Example ===
Dekho: [[Bindusara]], [[Magadha]] - infobox ab sahi se display hoe hae!

Agar koi aur problem dikhai de to hiya report karo. ''': &lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:gray 3px 2px 3px;&quot;&gt;[[User:Suyash.dwivedi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF5733;&quot;&gt;Suyash&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:#2E86C1;&quot;&gt;Dwivedi&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;''' ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|💬]]) 10:46, 29 Navambar 2025 (UTC)

== Fiji-Hindi Wikipedia – Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 Results ==

[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|120px|right|Wikipedia Asian Month Logo]]
[[File:Rose and Carnation Flower Bouquet 02.png|100px|left|Happy Wiki Anniversary]]
We are happy to announce the results of Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 for the Fiji-Hindi Wikipedia. This year marked our first participation in the campaign, and we are pleased to share that we received a total of 18 submissions.
We congratulate User [[sadasya:Sampaadak|'''Sampaadak''']] for being declared the winner. Results can be viewed here: https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/asian-month-2025-hif
Our sincere thanks to all participants for their valuable contributions. We hope to see increased community participation and even more article contributions in the coming year. Thank you -''': &lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:gray 3px 2px 3px;&quot;&gt;[[User:Suyash.dwivedi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF5733;&quot;&gt;Suyash&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:#2E86C1;&quot;&gt;Dwivedi&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;''' ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|💬]]) 17:31, 21 Disambar 2025 (UTC)

== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Janwari 2026 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[sadasya:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[sadasya ke baat:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 Janwari 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:01, 19 Janwari 2026 (UTC)
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== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[sadasya:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[sadasya ke baat:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:11, 3 Aprel 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[sadasya:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[sadasya ke baat:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:57, 26 Aprel 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mai 2026 (UTC)
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== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|Baat]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:11, 23 Juun 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Juun 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:24, 24 Julai 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

* You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|en}}.
* If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

* Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Saptambar 2026 (UTC)
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== Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges ==
''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)''

Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.&lt;br/&gt;
We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader).

We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.&lt;br/&gt;
Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis.
[[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of &quot;Language Link&quot; edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]]

The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why?
Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. 

Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]]

Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:26, 21 Saptambar 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==
''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)''

Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary.

The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the  Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].&lt;br/&gt;
Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes.

Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]])  sent via [[sadasya:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[sadasya ke baat:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 09:28, 9 Actobar 2026 (UTC)
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      <sha1>k97s4l5dqmn417sdsjbgsoqmuqtemju</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nobel Prize</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4902</id>
    <revision>
      <id>338625</id>
      <parentid>313682</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:27:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zumalabe</username>
        <id>14731</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Bhautik vigyan (Physics) me nobel prize jiite waalaNobel.org jiske Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences de hae */</comment>
      <origin>338625</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="141971" sha1="i21q1krjjtx9kk20dnnfuvnufdshjhj" xml:space="preserve">Har saal '''Nobel Prizes''' dher vibhag me dewa jaawe hae. Ii vibhag hae [[Literature]], [[Science]] aur [[Peace]]. Nobel Prize ke [[Alfred Nobel]] ke baad naam dewa gais hae. Iske [[dunia]] me sab se barraa prize maana jaawe hae. 

Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences bhi Alfred Nobel ke yaad me dewa jaae hae, aur kabhi kabhi iske ''Nobel Prize in Economics'' bola jaawe hae, lekin ii Nobel ke will ke hissa nai hae. Iske [[1969]] me Bank of Sweden suruu karis rahaa. Ii prize ke aur Nobel Prize ke ssathe dewa jaae hae. 

== Prize ke vibhag aur jiite waala ==
===[[Bhautik vigyan]] (Physics) me nobel prize jiite waala&lt;ref&gt;[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/ Nobel.org]&lt;/ref&gt; jiske Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences de hae ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!Saal
! colspan=2|Jiite waala
! Des
! Kaaran
|-
|1901
|[[File:WilhelmRöntgen.JPG|75px]]
|[[Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]]
|[[Germany]]
|&quot;uske ek rakam ke ray ke pawe ke khatir jiske naam uske naam dewa gais hae.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1901/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1902
|[[File:Hendrik Antoon Lorentz.jpg|75px]]
|Hendrik Lorentz
|[[Netherlands]]
|rowspan=2|&quot; uske ii khoj ke khatir ki radiation ke uppar [[magnetism]] ke kon asar rahe hae.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1902/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Pieter Zeeman.jpg|75px]]
| Pieter Zeeman
| Netherlands
|-
|rowspan=3|1903
|[[File:Becquerel Henri photograph.jpg|75px]]
|Antoine Henri Becquerel
| [[France]]
|&quot;uske spontaneous [[radioactivity]] ke baare me paawe ke baad&quot;&lt;ref name=N1903&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Pierre Curie]]
| France
|rowspan=2|&quot; uu logan ke Professor [[Henri Becquerel]] se pawa gais radiation phenomena ke baare me khoj &quot;&lt;ref name=N1903/&gt;
|-
|[[File:Mariecurie.jpg|75px]]
|[[Marie Curie]]
| Poland / France
|-
|1904
|[[File:John William Strutt.jpg|75px]]
|[[John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh|John William Strutt]]
| [[United Kingdom]]
|&quot;uske khaas gas ke uppar khoj aur uske  [[argon]] ke paawe ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1904 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1904/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1905
|[[File:Phillipp Lenard in 1900.jpg|75px]]
|[[Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard]]
| Germany
|&quot;uske [[cathode ray]] ke uppar kaam ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1905 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1905/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1906
|[[File:Jj-thomson3.jpg|75px]]
|[[J. J. Thomson|Joseph John Thomson]]
| United Kingdom
|&quot; uske &quot;conduction of electricity by gases&quot; ke uppar ke khoj ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1906/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1907
|[[File:Albert Abraham Michelson2.jpg|75px]]
|[[Albert Abraham Michelson]]
| [[United States]]
|&quot;uske optical precision instruments aur spectroscopic aur metrological ke uppar ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1907/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1908
|[[File:G lippmann.jpg|75px]]
|[[Gabriel Lippmann]]
| France
|&quot;uske rang se chaapa ke banae ke tarika, jon ki [[Interference (wave propagation)|interference]] phenomenon pe based hae&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1908 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1908/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1909
|[[File:Guglielmo Marconi.jpg|75px]]
|[[Guglielmo Marconi]]
| [[Italy]]
|rowspan=2|uske [[Invention of radio|&quot;development of wireless telegraphy]] &quot; ke yogdaan ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1909/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Ferdinand Braun.jpg|75px]]
|[[Karl Ferdinand Braun]]
| Germany
|-
|1910
|[[File:Johannes Diderik van der Waals.jpg|75px]]
|[[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]]
| Netherlands
|&quot;Uske &quot;equation of state for gases and liquids&quot; ke kaam ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1910 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1910/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1911
|[[File:Wilhelm Wien 1911.jpg|75px]]
|[[Wilhelm Wien]]
| Germany
|&quot;uske &quot;laws governing the radiation of heat&quot; ke paawe ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1911 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1911/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1912
|[[File:Nils Gustaf Dalén.jpg|75px]]
|[[Gustaf Dalén|Nils Gustaf Dalén]]
| [[Sweden]]
|&quot;uske automatic valves&quot; ke banae ke khaatir, jiske &quot;gas accumulators&quot; ke saathe  [[lighthouses]] aur buoys me kaam me laawa jaae sake hae&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1912/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1913
|[[File:Kamerlingh portret.jpg|75px]]
|[[Heike Kamerlingh Onnes|Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes]]
| Netherlands
|&quot;uske &quot;properties of matter at low temperatures&quot; ke baare me khoj ke khaatir jiske kaaran liquid [[helium]] banae jaae sakaa gais&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1913/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1914
|[[File:Max von Laue.jpg|75px]]
|[[Max von Laue]]
| Germany
|&quot;Uske &quot;diffraction of X-rays by crystals&quot; ke adhyan ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1914 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1914/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;, jon ki [[X-ray spectroscopy]] ke paae ke ek khaas kadam rahaa.
|-
|rowspan=2|1915
|
|[[William Henry Bragg]]
| United Kingdom
|rowspan=2|&quot;Uske yogdaan &quot;analysis of [[crystal structure]] by means of X-rays&quot; ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1915/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;,ek khaas kadam rahaa [[X-ray crystallography]] me
|-
|[[File:Wl-bragg.jpg|75px]]
|[[William Lawrence Bragg]]
| United Kingdom
|-
|1916
| colspan=4 align=center|''Nai dewa gais''
|-
|1917
|[[File:Charles Glover Barkla.jpg|75px]]
|[[Charles Glover Barkla]]
| United Kingdom
|&quot;Uske [[X-ray fluorescence|characteristic Röntgen radiation]] of the elements, ke baare me paae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1917 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1917/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;, jon ki ek aur khaas kadam rahaa [[X-ray spectroscopy]] ke development me
|-
|1918
|[[File:Max Planck (Nobel 1918).jpg|75px]]
|[[Max Planck]]
| Germany
|&quot;Uske yogdaan Bhutik vigyan (Physics) ke barrhan me uske  [[quantum mechanics|quanta]] ke discovery se&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1918/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1919
|[[File:Johannes Stark.jpg|75px]]
|[[Johannes Stark]]
| Germany
|&quot;uske canal rays me [[Doppler effect]] ke paae ke khaatir in canal rays aur  [[electric field]]s me [[spectral line]]s ke splitting ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1919/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1920
|[[File:Guillaume 1920.jpg|75px]]
|[[Charles Édouard Guillaume]]
| [[Switzerland]]
|&quot;uske yogdaan Bahutik vigyan me precision measurements ke khaatir, nickel-steel alloys me anomalies paae ke paae ke&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1920 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1920/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1921
|[[File:Einstein1921 by F Schmutzer 4.jpg|75px]]
|[[Albert Einstein]]
| Germany
|&quot;uske Theoretical Physics me yogdaan ke khaatir, khaas kar ke law of the [[photoelectric effect]] ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1922
|[[File:Niels Bohr.jpg|75px]]
|[[Niels Bohr]]
| [[Denmark]]
|&quot;atoms ke structure aur isme se jon radiation nike hae ke investigation me use yogdaan ke khaatir &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1922/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1923
|[[File:Robert-millikan2.jpg|75px]]
|[[Robert Andrews Millikan]]
| United States
|&quot;uske kaam elementary charge of electricity aur [[photoelectric effect]] ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1923| publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1923/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1924
|[[File:Manne Siegbahn.jpg|75px]]
|[[Manne Siegbahn]]
| Sweden
|&quot;uske [[X-ray spectroscopy]] ke field me khoj aur discoveries ke khaatir &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1924 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1924/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1925
|[[File:James Franck.jpg|75px]]
|[[James Franck]]
| Germany
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske laws governing the impact of an [[electron]] upon an atom ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1925/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Gustav Ludwig Hertz.jpg|75px]]
|[[Gustav Ludwig Hertz|Gustav Hertz]]
|Germany
|-
|1926
|
|[[Jean Baptiste Perrin]]
| France
|&quot;uske kaam discontinuous structure of matter ke baare me, aur uske [[sedimentation equilibrium]] ke khoj&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1926/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1927
|[[File:Arthur Holly Compton.gif|75px]]
|[[Arthur Compton|Arthur Holly Compton]]
| United States
|&quot;uske [[Compton effect]] ke khoj ke khaatir &quot;&lt;ref name=N1927&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1927/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Charles Thomson Rees Wilson at 1927 Solvay conference.jpg|75px]]
|[[Charles Thomson Rees Wilson]]
| United Kingdom
|&quot;uske method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=N1927/&gt;
|-
|1928
|[[File:Niels BohrUpOwenWillansRichardsonDownSolvay1927.JPG|75px]]
|[[Owen Willans Richardson]]
| United Kingdom
|&quot;[[Thermionic emission|thermionic phenomenon]] pe uske kaam aur khaas kar ke  [[Thermionic emission#Richardson's Law]] ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1928 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1928/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1929
|[[File:Broglie Big.jpg|75px]]
|[[Louis de Broglie|Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie]]
| France
|&quot;uske wave nature of electrons ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1929/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1930
|[[File:CVRaman.jpg|75px]]
|[[C. V. Raman|Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]]
|[[India]]
|&quot;uske kaam scattering of light me aur uske a[[Raman scattering]] ke khoj&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1930/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1931
| colspan=4 align=center|''Nai dewa gais''
|-
|1932
|[[File:Werner Heisenberg at 1927 Solvay Conference.JPG|75px]]
|[[Werner Heisenberg]]
| Germany
|&quot;uske [[quantum mechanics]] banae ke khaatir, jiske kaaran [[hydrogen]] ke allotropic forms ke paawa gais rahaa&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1932/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1933
|
|[[Erwin Schrödinger]]
| [[Austria]]
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske nawaa productive forms of [[atomic theory]] ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Dirac_4.jpg|75px]]
|[[Paul Dirac]]
| United Kingdom
|-
|1934
| colspan=4 align=center|''Nai dewa gais''
|-
|1935
|[[File:Chadwick.jpg|75px]]
|[[James Chadwick]]
| United Kingdom
|&quot;uske [[neutron]] ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935| publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1935/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1936
|[[File:Hess.jpg|75px]]
|[[Victor Francis Hess]]
| Austria
|&quot;uske [[cosmic ray|cosmic radiation]] ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;N1936&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1936 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1936/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Carl anderson.1937.jpg|75px]]
|[[Carl David Anderson]]
| United States
|&quot;uske [[positron]] ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;N1936&quot;/&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1937
|[[File:Clinton Davisson.jpg|75px]]
|[[Clinton Davisson|Clinton Joseph Davisson]]
| United States
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske [[electron diffraction|diffraction of electrons]] by crystals ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1937/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:George Paget Thomson.jpg|75px]]
|[[George Paget Thomson]]
| United Kingdom
|-
|1938
|[[File:Enrico Fermi 1943-49.jpg|75px]]
|[[Enrico Fermi]]
| Italy
|&quot;uske ii dekhaae ke khaatir ki nawaa radioactive elements  neutron irradiation se bane hae, aur uske  nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons ke khij ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1938 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1938/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1939
| [[File:Ernest Orlando Lawrence.jpg|75px]]
|[[Ernest Lawrence]]
| United States
|&quot;uske [[cyclotron]] ke banae ke khaatir aur isse artificial radioactive elements pe adhyan kare ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1939/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1940
| colspan=4 align=center|''Nai dewa gais''
|-
|1941
| colspan=4 align=center|''Nai dewa gais''
|-
|1942
| colspan=4 align=center|''Nai dewa gais''
|-
|1943
|[[File:OttoStern.jpg|75px]]
|[[Otto Stern]]
| United States
|&quot;uske yogdaan development of the molecular ray method aur uske  [[magnetic moment]] of the [[proton]] ke khoj&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1943/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1944
|[[File:Isidor Isaac Rabi.jpg|75px]]
|[[Isidor Isaac Rabi]]
| United States
|&quot;uske resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1944 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1944/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1945
|[[File:Wolfgang Pauli young.jpg|75px]]
|[[Wolfgang Ernst Pauli|Wolfgang Pauli]]
| Austria
|&quot;uske Exclusion Principle ke khoj ke khaatir, jiske [[Pauli principle]] bhi bolaa jaae hae&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1945/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1946
|[[File:Percy Williams Bridgman.jpg|75px]]
|[[Percy Williams Bridgman]]
| United States
|&quot;uske apparatus to produce extremely high pressures ke banae ke khaatir, aur isse field of [[high pressure physics]] me discoveries ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1946 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1946/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1947
|[[File:EVAppleton.jpg|75px]]
|[[Edward Victor Appleton]]
| United Kingdom
|&quot;uske physics of the upper atmosphere ke jaanch parrtaal khaas kar ke [[Appleton layer]] ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1947 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1947/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1948
|[[File:Blackett-large.jpg|75px]]
|[[Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett|Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett]]
| United Kingdom
|&quot;uske Wilson [[cloud chamber]] method ke banae ke khaatir, aur isse fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation me khoj&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1948 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1948/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1949
|
|[[Hideki Yukawa]]
| [[Japan]]
|&quot;uske [[meson]]s ke existence ke prediction ke khaatir, jiske uu nuclear forces pe theoretical work se karis rahaa&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1949/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1950
|
|[[Cecil Frank Powell]]
| United Kingdom
|&quot;uske photographic method of studying nuclear processes ke banae ke khaatir aur uske khoj mesons ke baare me ii method ke kaam me laae kae.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1950/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1951
|
|[[John Cockcroft|John Douglas Cockcroft]]
| United Kingdom
|rowspan=2|&quot;uu pahila jan rahaa jon ki transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles pe kaam karis rahaa&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1951/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[File:Ernest Walton.jpg|75px]] 
|[[Ernest Walton|Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton]]
| [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
|-
|rowspan=2|1952
|[[File:Felix Bloch, Stanford University.jpg|75px]]
|[[Felix Bloch]]
| United States
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske nawaa methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements ke banaae ke khaatir aur isse jin khoj bhais rahaa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1952/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Edward_Mills_Purcell.jpg|75px]]
|[[Edward Mills Purcell]]
| United States
|-
|1953
|[[File:Zernike.jpg|75px]]
|[[Frits Zernike]]
| Netherlands
|&quot;uske phase contrast method ke dekhae ke khaatir, khaas kar ke [[phase contrast microscope]] ke banae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1953 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1953/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1954
|[[File:Max Born.jpg|75px]]
|[[Max Born]]
| United Kingdom
|&quot;uske  [[quantum mechanics]] ke adhyan, khaas kar ke  uske statistical interpretation of the wavefunction ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;N54&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1954/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Bothe.jpg|75px]]
|[[Walther Bothe]]
| West Germany
|&quot;for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;N54&quot;/&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1955
|[[File:Willis Lamb 1955.jpg|75px]]
|[[Willis Eugene Lamb]]
| United States
|&quot;uske [[fine structure]] of the hydrogen spectrum ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;N55&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1955/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Polykarp Kusch.jpg|75px]]
|[[Polykarp Kusch]]
| United States
|&quot;uske precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;N55&quot;/&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|1956
|[[File:Bardeen.jpg|75px]]
|[[John Bardeen]]
| United States
|rowspan=3|&quot;uske semiconductors pe adhyan aur [[transistor]] effect ke khoj&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1956/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Brattain.jpg|75px]]
|[[Walter Houser Brattain]]
| United States
|-
|[[File:William Shockley, Stanford University.jpg|75px]]
|[[William Shockley|William Bradford Shockley]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=2|1957
|
|[[Tsung-Dao Lee]]
| {{nowrap|[[Republic of China]]}}
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske  [[parity violation|parity laws]] pe ahyan jiske kaaran [[elementary particles]]pe khaas jaankari paawa gais rahaa&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1957/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:CNYang.jpg|75px]]
|[[Chen Ning Yang]]
| Republic of China
|-
|rowspan=3|1958
|[[File:Cerenkov.jpg|75px]]
|[[Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov]]
| [[Soviet Union]]
|rowspan=3|&quot;[[Cherenkov-Vavilov effect|Cherenkov effect]] ke paae ke aur samjhaae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1958/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Ilya Frank.jpg|75px]]
|[[Ilya Frank|Il'ya Frank]]
| Soviet Union
|-
|
|[[Igor Tamm|Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm]]
| Soviet Union
|-
|rowspan=2|1959
|[[File:Owen Chamberlain.jpg|75px]]
|[[Owen Chamberlain]]
| United States
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske [[antiproton]] ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1959/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Segre.jpg|75px]]
|[[Emilio G. Segrè|Emilio Gino Segrè]]
| Italy
|-
|1960
|[[File:Donald Glaser.jpg|75px]]
|[[Donald A. Glaser|Donald Arthur Glaser]]
| United States
|&quot;uske [[bubble chamber]] ke banae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1960 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1960/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1961
|[[File:Robert Hofstadter.jpg|75px]]
|[[Robert Hofstadter]]
| United States
|&quot;uu pahila jan rahaa jon ki electron scattering in atomic nuclei ke adhyan karis rahaa aur uu isse structure of the nucleons ke paais rahaa&quot;&lt;ref name=N61&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1961/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Mossbauer.jpg|75px]]
|[[Rudolf Mössbauer|Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer]]
| West Germany
|&quot;uske resonance absorption of [[gamma radiation]] ke adhyan ke khaatir aur uske [[Mössbauer effect|effect]] ke khoj&quot;&lt;ref name=N61/&gt;
|-
|1962
|
|[[Lev Landau|Lev Davidovich Landau]]
| Soviet Union
|&quot;uu pahila jan rahaa jon [[condensed matter]] pe theory banais rahaa, khaas kar ke [[liquid helium]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1962 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1962/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|1963
|[[File:Wigner.jpg|75px]]
|[[Eugene Wigner|Eugene Paul Wigner]]
| United States
|&quot;uske yogdaan atomic nucleus aur  elementary particles ke theory ke khaatir, khaas kar ke fundamental symmetry principles ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=N63&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1963/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
||[[File:Maria Goeppert-Mayer.gif|75px]]
|[[Maria Goeppert-Mayer]]
| United States
|rowspan=2|&quot; uu log ke nuclear shell structure ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=N63/&gt;
|-
|[[File:Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen (1907–1973).jpg|75px]]
|[[J. Hans D. Jensen]]
| West Germany
|-
|rowspan=3|1964
|
|[[Nikolay Basov|Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov]]
| Soviet Union
|rowspan=3|&quot;uske field of [[quantum electronics]] me khaas kaam ke khaatir, jiske kaaran [[oscillator]]s aur [[amplifier]]s based on the [[maser]]-[[laser]] principle ke banaawa gais, ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1964/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Aleksandr Prokhorov.jpg|75px]]
|[[Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov|Aleksandr Prokhorov]]
| Soviet Union
|-
|
|[[Charles Hard Townes]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=3|1965
|[[File:Richard Feynman.png|75px]]
|[[Richard Feynman|Richard Phillips Feynman]]
| United States
|rowspan=3|&quot; uske khaas kaam [[quantum electrodynamics]] me, aur deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles, ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1965/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Schwinger.jpg|75px]]
|[[Julian Schwinger]]
| United States
|-
|[[File:Tomonaga.jpg|75px]]
|[[Sin-Itiro Tomonaga]]
| Japan
|-
|1966
| [[File:Kastler.jpg|75px]]
|[[Alfred Kastler]]
| France
|&quot;uske optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms, ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1966 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1966/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1967
|[[File:Hans Bethe.jpg|75px]]
|[[Hans Bethe|Hans Albrecht Bethe]]
| United States
|&quot;uske theory of nuclear reactionske adhyan ke khaatir, khaas kar ke uske energy production in [[star]]s ke khoj, ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1967/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1968
|[[File:Alvarez-luis.jpg|75px]]
|[[Luis Walter Alvarez]]
| United States
|&quot;uske elementary particle physics ke yogdaan ke khaatir, khaas kar ke dher resonance states ke khoje ke khaatir, jiske uu paae sakis through his development of the technique of using hydrogen [[bubble chamber]] and data analysis, ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1968/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1969
|[[File:Murray Gell-Mann.jpg|75px]]
|[[Murray Gell-Mann]]
| United States
|&quot;uske yogdaan classification of elementary particles aur uske interactions interactions, ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1969/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1970
|[[File:YoungAlfven.jpg|75px]]
|[[Hannes Alfvén|Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén]]
| Sweden
|&quot;uske [[magneto-hydrodynamics]] me khaas kaam ke khaatir aur iske [[plasma physics]] ke dher hissa me kaam me laae ke khaatir &quot;&lt;ref name=N70&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1970/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Louis Néel]]
| France
|&quot;uske khaas kaam antiferromagnetism aur ferrimagnetism me jon ki [[solid state physics]] me achchhaa kaam aais &quot;&lt;ref name=N70/&gt;
|-
|1971
|
|[[Dennis Gabor]]
| United Kingdom
|&quot;uske [[holography|holographic method]] ke banae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1971 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1971/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|1972
|[[File:Bardeen.jpg|75px]]
|[[John Bardeen]]
| United States
|rowspan=3|&quot;uske theory of [[superconductivity]] ke banae ke khaatir, jiske jaada kar ke [[BCS-theory]] bola jaae hae&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1972/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Leon Cooper|Leon Neil Cooper]]
| United States
|-
| [[File:Schrieffer.jpg|75px]]
|[[John Robert Schrieffer]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=3|1973
|
|[[Leo Esaki]]
| Japan
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske tunneling phenomena in [[semiconductor]]s aur [[superconductor]]s me khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=N73&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1973/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Ivar Giaever.jpg|75px]]
|[[Ivar Giaever]]
| United States&lt;br /&gt; Norway
|-
|[[File:Brian David Josephson.jpg|75px]]
|[[Brian David Josephson]]
| United Kingdom
|&quot;uske theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier ke khaatir, khaas kar ke [[Josephson effect]] me&quot;&lt;ref name=N73/&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1974
|
|[[Martin Ryle]]
| United Kingdom
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske dunia me sab se pahila kaam [[Radio astronomy|radio astrophysics]] me&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1974/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Antony Hewish]]
| United Kingdom
|-
|rowspan=3|1975
|
|[[Aage Bohr]]
| Denmark
|rowspan=3|&quot;uske  collective motion aur particle motion in atomic nuclei ke biich ke sambandh ke adhyan ke aur  theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus, ke khaatir &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1975/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Mottelson,Ben 1963 Kopenhagen.jpg|75px]]
|[[Ben Roy Mottelson]]
| Denmark
|-
|
|[[James Rainwater|Leo James Rainwater]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=2|1976
|[[File:Burton Richter - charm quark.jpg|75px]]
|[[Burton Richter]]
| United States
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske [[J/ψ meson|a heavy elementary particle]] ke paae ke khaatir &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1976/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Samuel C. C. Ting|Samuel Chao Chung Ting]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=3|1977
|[[File:Andersonphoto.jpg|75px]]
|[[Philip Warren Anderson]]
| United States
|rowspan=3|&quot;uske theoretical ikhoj selectronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems, ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1977/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Sir Nevill Francis Mott.jpg|75px]]
|[[Nevill Francis Mott]]
| United Kingdom
|-
|
|[[John Hasbrouck Van Vleck]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=3|1978
|[[File:KustodiyevSemenov Kapitsa.JPG|75px]]
|[[Pyotr Kapitsa|Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa]]
| Soviet Union
|&quot;uske khoj low-temperature physics me&quot;&lt;ref name=N78&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Arno Penzias.jpg|75px]]
|[[Arno Allan Penzias]]
| United States
|rowspan=2|&quot;for their discovery of [[cosmic microwave background radiation]]&quot;&lt;ref name=N78/&gt;
|-
| 
|[[Robert Woodrow Wilson]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=3|1979
|[[File:Sheldon Glashow at Harvard.jpg|75px]]
|[[Sheldon Lee Glashow]]
| United States
|rowspan=3|&quot;uske yogdaan theory of the [[electroweak force|unified weak]] aur [[electromagnetic interaction]] between elementary particles me, jisme prediction of the [[weak neutral current]] bhi hae&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1979/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Abdus_salam.gif|75px]]
|[[Abdus Salam]]
| [[Pakistan]]
|-
|[[File:Steven-weinberg.jpg|75px]]
|[[Steven Weinberg]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=2|1980
|[[File:James Watson Cronin 2006.jpg|75px]]
|[[James Cronin|James Watson Cronin]]
| United States
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske &quot;violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of [[neutral K-meson]]s&quot; me adhyan&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1980/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Val Logsdon Fitch]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=3|1981
|[[File:Nico 2006 Tucson Wiki.png|75px]]
|[[Nicolaas Bloembergen]]
| United States
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske yogdaan laser spectroscopy ke banaae me&quot;&lt;ref name=N81&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1981/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Artur Schawlow, Stanford University.jpg|75px]]
|[[Arthur Leonard Schawlow]]
| United States
|-
|
|[[Kai Siegbahn|Kai Manne Börje Siegbahn]]
| Sweden
|&quot;uske yogdaan high-resolution electron spectroscopy ke banae me&quot;&lt;ref name=N81/&gt;
|-
|1982
|
|[[Kenneth G. Wilson]]
| United States
|&quot;uske &quot;theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions&quot; ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1982 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1982/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1983
|
|[[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]]
| [[India]], [[United States]]
|&quot;uske adhyan &quot;physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars&quot;, ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=N83&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1983/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[William Alfred Fowler]]
| United States
|&quot;uske adhyan &quot;nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe&quot; ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=N83/&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1984
|[[File:Carlo Rubbia W and Z bosons.jpg|75px]]
|[[Carlo Rubbia]]
| Italy
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske yogdaan ek barraa project me, jiske kaaran field particles W aur Z ke paawa gais&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1984/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Simon van der Meer]]
| Netherlands
|-
|1985
|[[File:Klaus von Klitzing 2015.jpg|75px]]
|[[Klaus von Klitzing]]
| West Germany
|&quot;uske [[Quantum Hall effect|quantized Hall effect]] ke paae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1985/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|1986
|
|[[Ernst Ruska]]
| West Germany
|&quot;uske khaas kaam electron optics me, aur pahila [[electron microscope]] ke design ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=N86&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Gerd Binnig sw.jpg|75px]]
|[[Gerd Binnig]]
| West Germany
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske [[scanning tunneling microscope]] ke design ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=N86/&gt;
|-
|[[File:Rohrer.jpg|75px]]
|[[Heinrich Rohrer]]
| Switzerland
|-
|rowspan=2| 1987
|[[File:Ibmgb.jpg|75px]]
|[[Johannes Georg Bednorz]]
| West Germany
|rowspan=2| &quot;uske [[superconductivity]] in [[ceramic]] materials ke baare me adhyan ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1987/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Karl Alexander Mueller.jpg|75px]]
|[[Karl Alexander Müller]]
| Switzerland
|-
|rowspan=3|1988
|[[File:Leon M. Lederman.jpg|75px]]
|[[Leon M. Lederman|Leon Max Lederman]]
| United States
|rowspan=3|&quot;uske [[neutrino]] beam method ke khaatir, aur &quot;doublet structure of the [[lepton]]s&quot; ke dekhaae ke khaatir, muon neutrino ke paae ke baad&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1988/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Melvin Schwartz]]
| United States
|-
|[[File:Jack-Steinberger-2008.JPG|75px]]
|[[Jack Steinberger]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=3|1989
|
|[[Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.|Norman Foster Ramsey]]
| United States
|&quot;uske &quot;separated oscillatory fields method&quot; ke adhyan ke khaatir aur iske kaam   hydrogen maser aur duusra atomic clocks me, ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=N89&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1989/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Hans Georg Dehmelt]]
| United States
|rowspan=2|&quot;for the development of the [[ion trap]] technique&quot;&lt;ref name=N89/&gt;
|-
|
|[[Wolfgang Paul]]
| West Germany
|-
|rowspan=3|1990
|
|[[Jerome Isaac Friedman|Jerome I. Friedman]]
| United States
|rowspan=3|&quot;uske adhyan [[deep inelastic scattering]] of electrons on protons and bound neutrons ke khaatir, jisse [[quark model]] ke particle physics me banaawa gais hae, ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1990/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Henry Kendall by Tom Frost.jpg|75px]]
|[[Henry Way Kendall]]
| United States
|-
|
|[[Richard E. Taylor]]
| [[Canada]]
|-
|1991
|[[File:Pierre-Gilles Rice University.jpg|75px]]
|[[Pierre-Gilles de Gennes]]
| France
|&quot;uske adhyan &quot;studying order phenomena in simple systems&quot; jiske aur complex matter, jaise ki   [[liquid crystal]]s aur [[polymer]]s me kaam me laawa jaae sake hae&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1991 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1991/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1992
|[[File:CHARPAK Georges-24x50-2005b.jpg|75px]]
|[[Georges Charpak]]
| France
|&quot;uske particle detectors ke banae ke khaatir, khaas kar ke [[multiwire proportional chamber]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1992/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1993
|
|[[Russell Alan Hulse]]
| United States
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske [[PSR B1913+16|nawaa rakam]] ke [[pulsar]] ke paae ke khaatir, jiske kaaran [[Gravitational wave|gravitation]] ke adhyan me madat milaa&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1993/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:2008JosephTaylorWithMarietta.jpg|75px]]
|[[Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=2|1994
|[[File:Bertram Brockhouse.jpg|75px]]
|[[Bertram Brockhouse]]
| Canada
|&quot;uske &quot;neutron spectroscopy&quot; ke banae ke khaatir aur uske khaas kaam aur [[neutron scattering]] techniques ke banae ke khaatir,  [[condensed matter]] ke adhyan kare ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=N94&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1994/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Clifford Shull|Clifford Glenwood Shull]]
| United States
|&quot;uske [[neutron diffraction]] technique&quot; ke banae ke khaatir aur &quot;khaas kaam [[neutron scattering]] techniques ke suruu kare ke khaatir jisse  [[condensed matter]] ke adhyan hoe hae&quot;&lt;ref name=N94/&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1995
|[[File:Martin Perl - tau.jpg|75px]]
|[[Martin Lewis Perl]]
| United States
|&quot;uskee [[tau lepton]]&quot; ke paae ke khaatir aur uske yogdaan [[lepton]] physics me&quot;&lt;ref name=N95&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1995/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Frederick Reines.jpg|75px]]
|[[Frederick Reines]]
| United States
|&quot;uske [[neutrino]] ke paae ke khaair&quot; aur &quot;for yogdaan [[lepton]] physics me&quot;&lt;ref name=N95/&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|1996
|
|[[David Lee (physicist)|David Morris Lee]]
| United States
|rowspan=3|&quot;fuske [[superfluid]]ity in [[helium-3]] ke paae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1996/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Douglas Osheroff.jpg|75px]]
|[[Douglas D. Osheroff]]
| United States
|-
|[[File:Robert Coleman Richardson.jpg|75px]]
|[[Robert Coleman Richardson]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=3|1997
|[[File:Steven Chu official portrait headshot.jpg|75px]]
|[[Steven Chu]]
| United States 
|rowspan=3|&quot;uulog ke laser light ke thandaa kar ke pakrre ke khaatir adhyan.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1997/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Claude Cohen-Tannoudji.JPG|75px]]
|[[Claude Cohen-Tannoudji]]
| France
|-
|[[File:William Phillips-physicist photo.jpg|75px]]
|[[William Daniel Phillips]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=3|1998
|[[File:Robert Laughlin, Stanford University.jpg|75px]]
|[[Robert B. Laughlin]]
| United States
|rowspan=3|&quot;uulog ke ek nawaa rakam ke &quot;quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations&quot; ke paae ke khaatir &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1998/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Horst Störmer.jpg|75px]]
|[[Horst Ludwig Störmer]]
| Germany
|-
|
|[[Daniel C. Tsui|Daniel Chee Tsui]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=2|1999
|[[File:GerardtHooft.jpg|75px]]
|[[Gerardus 't Hooft]]
| Netherlands
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske &quot;elucidating the quantum structure of [[electroweak interaction]]s in physics&quot; ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1999| publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1999/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Martinus Veltman.jpg|75px]]
|[[Martinus J. G. Veltman]]
| Netherlands
|-
|rowspan=3|2000
|[[File:Zhores Alferov.jpg|75px]]
|[[Zhores Alferov|Zhores Ivanovich Alferov]]
|[[Russia]]
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske [[semiconductor]] heterostructures ke banae ke khaatir jiske  [[optoelectronics]] me kaam me laawa jaae hae&quot;&lt;ref name=N00&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2000/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Herbert Kroemer]]
| Germany
|-
|&lt;!--non-free images must conform to WP:NFC and require specific non-free use rationales for each article--&gt;
|[[Jack Kilby|Jack St. Clair Kilby]]
| United States
|&quot;uske kaame [[integrated circuit]] ke banae me&quot;&lt;ref name=N00/&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|2001
|rowspan=2|
|[[Eric Allin Cornell]]
| United States
|rowspan=3|&quot;uske kaam &quot;[[Bose-Einstein condensate|Bose-Einstein condensation]] in dilute gases of alkali atoms&quot;, aurr  &quot;fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates&quot; ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2001/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Carl Wieman|Carl Edwin Wieman]]
| United States
|-
|[[File:Ketterle.jpg|75px]]
|[[Wolfgang Ketterle]]
| Germany
|-
|rowspan=3|2002
|
|[[Raymond Davis, Jr.]]
|United States
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske kaam astrophysics ke ilaaka me, khaas kar ke &quot;detection of cosmic [[neutrino]]s&quot; me&lt;ref name=N02&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2002/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Masatoshi Koshiba]]
| Japan
|-
|[[File:RiccardoGiacconi.jpg|75px]]
|[[Riccardo Giacconi]]
| United States
|&quot;uske kaam astrophysics me, jiske kaaran cosmic X-ray sources ke paawa gais rahaa&quot;&lt;ref name=N02/&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|2003
|[[File:AA_Abrikosov_ANL1.jpg|75px]]
|[[Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov]]
| Russia&lt;br /&gt;United States
|rowspan=3|&quot;uske yogdaan &quot;theory of [[superconductivity|superconductors]] and superfluids&quot; me&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2003/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Виталий Лазаревич Гинзбург.jpg|75px]]
|[[Vitaly Ginzburg|Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg]]
| Russia
|-
|
|[[Anthony James Leggett]]
| United Kingdom&lt;br /&gt;United States
|-
|rowspan=3|2004
|[[File:David Gross cropped.JPG|75px]]
|[[David Gross|David J. Gross]]
| United States
|rowspan=3|&quot;uske [[asymptotic freedom]] ke paae ke khaatir &quot;theory of the [[strong interaction]]&quot; me&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2004/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[H. David Politzer]]
| United States
|-
|[[File:FrankStockholm2004.jpg|75px]]
|[[Frank Wilczek]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=3|2005
|[[File:Roy Glauber Dec 10 2005.jpg|75px]]
|[[Roy J. Glauber]]
| United States
|&quot;uske yogdaan quantum &quot;theory of [[Coherence (physics)|optical coherence]]&quot; me&lt;ref name=N05&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2005/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[John L. Hall]]
| United States
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske yogdaan laser-based precision [[spectroscopy]] ke banae me , jisme [[optical frequency comb]] technique&quot; bhi hae&lt;ref name=N05/&gt;
|-
|[[File:Theodor W Haensch.jpg|75px]]
|[[Theodor W. Hänsch]]
| Germany
|-
|rowspan=2|2006
|[[File:John-C-Mather.jpg|75px]]
|[[John C. Mather]]
| United States
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske [[blackbody|blackbody form]] aur [[anisotropy]] of the [[cosmic microwave background radiation]]&quot; ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2006/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:George Smoot.jpg|75px]]
|[[George Smoot|George F. Smoot]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=2|2007
|[[File:Albert Fert at EP2DS 2007 in Genua PICT5745.jpg|75px]]
|[[Albert Fert]]
| France
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske [[giant magnetoresistance]] ke paae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2007/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Peter Gruenberg 01.jpg|75px]]
|[[Peter Grünberg]]
| Germany
|-
|rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2008
|[[File:Mkobayashi.jpg|75px]]
|[[Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)|Makoto Kobayashi]]
| Japan
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&quot;uske &quot;origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature&quot; ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=N08&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2008/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Masukawa.jpg|75px]]
|[[Toshihide Maskawa]]
| Japan
|-
|[[File:YoichiroNambu.jpg|75px]]
|[[Yoichiro Nambu]]
| United States
|&quot;[[Spontaneous symmetry breaking|the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry]] in subatomic physics ke baare me paae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=N08/&gt;
|-
|rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2009
||[[File:Charles K. Kao cropped 2.jpg|75px]]
|[[Charles K. Kao]]
| Hong Kong&lt;br /&gt;United Kingdom&lt;br /&gt;United States
|&quot;transmission of light in [[optical fiber|fibers]] for [[optical communication]] ke baare me abhootapoorv upalabdhi &quot;&lt;ref name=N09&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2009/index.html|accessdate=2009-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-23.jpg|75px]]
|[[Willard S. Boyle]]
| Canada&lt;br /&gt;United States
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&quot;imaging [[semiconductor]] circuit – the [[Charge-coupled device|CCD sensor]] ke invent kare ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=N09/&gt;
|-
|[[File:Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-24.jpg|75px]]
|[[George E. Smith]]
| United States
|-
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2010
||[[File:Geim.jpg|75px]]
|[[Andre Geim]]
| Russia&lt;br /&gt;Netherlands
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&quot;uske groundbreaking experiments dui-dimensional material [[graphene]] ke baare me&quot;&lt;ref name=N10&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2010/index.html|accessdate=2010-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Konstantin Novoselov at MIPT.jpg|75px]]
|[[Konstantin Novoselov]]
| Russia&lt;br /&gt;United Kingdom
|}

=== Chemistry me Nobel prize jiite waala log ([[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] dwaara tae karaa gais hae) ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!Saal
! colspan=2|Jiite waala{{ref|1|[A]}}
! Des{{ref|2|[B]}}
! Kaaran{{ref|3|[C]}}
|-
|1901
|[[File:Vant Hoff.jpg|75px]]
|[[Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff]]
|the [[Netherlands]]
|&quot;uske laws of chemical dynamics aur solutions me [[osmotic pressure]] ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1901/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1902
|&lt;!--Please note that the reason an image was not included here is because there is no image with complete proper licensing. This page is an FL, so all of the images need correct license info. See the talk page for more info.--&gt;
|[[Hermann Emil Fischer]]
|[[Germany]]
|&quot;uske kaam [[Sugar#Chemistry|sugar]] aur [[Purine#History|purine]] syntheses ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1902/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1903
|&lt;!--Please note that the reason an image was not included here is because there is no image with complete proper licensing. This page is an FL, so all of the images need correct license info. See the talk page for more info.--&gt;
|[[Svante Arrhenius|Svante August Arrhenius]]
|[[Sweden]]
|&quot;uske electrolytic theory of [[Dissociation (chemistry)|dissociation]] ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1903/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1904
| [[File:William Ramsay working.jpg|75px]]
|Sir [[William Ramsay]]
|{{nowrap|[[United Kingdom]]}}
|&quot;uske [[noble gases|inert gaseous elements in air]] ke khoj ke khaatir, aur iske periodic system me sahii jagha rakkhe ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1904/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1905
| [[File:Adolf von Baeyer (Nobel 1905).jpg|75px]]
|[[Adolf von Baeyer|Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer]]
|Germany
|&quot;uske kaam organic chemistry aur chemical industry ke barrhan ke khaatir, uske kaam [[Indigo dye|organic dyes]] aur hydroaromatic compounds ke baare me&quot;, ke khaatir
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1905/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1906
|&lt;!--Please note that the reason an image was not included here is because there is no image with complete proper licensing. This page is an FL, so all of the images need correct license info. See the talk page for more info.--&gt;
|[[Henri Moissan]]
|[[France]]
|&quot; use khoj aur  element [[fluorine]] ke alag kare ke khaatir, aur [[electric arc furnace|electric furnace]] ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1906/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1907
| [[File:Eduardbuchner.jpg|75px]]
|[[Eduard Buchner]]
|Germany
|&quot;uske  biochemical adhyans ke khaatir aur uske cell-free [[zymase|fermentation]] ke paae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1907/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1908
|[[File:Ernest Rutherford2.jpg|75px]]
|[[Ernest Rutherford]]
|United Kingdom&lt;br /&gt;[[New Zealand]]
|&quot;uske disintegration of the elements, aur chemistry of [[Radioactivity#Discovery|radioactive substances]] ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1908/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1909
| [[File:Wilhelm Ostwald.jpg|75px]]
|[[Wilhelm Ostwald]]
|Germany
|&quot;uske [[Catalysis#History|catalysis]] pe kaam aur uske fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction ke khoj, ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1909/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1910
|&lt;!--Please note that the reason an image was not included here is because there is no image with complete proper licensing. This page is an FL, so all of the images need correct license info. See the talk page for more info.--&gt;
|[[Otto Wallach]]
|Germany
|&quot;uske organic chemistry aur chemical industry ke yogdaan khaas kaam  aur field of [[alicyclic compound]]s me kaam kare ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1910/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1911
|[[File:Mariecurie.jpg|75px]]
|[[Marie Curie|Marie Curie, née Sklodowska]]
|Poland
|&quot;uske elements [[Radium#History|radium]] aur [[Polonium#History|polonium]] ke paae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1912
|&lt;!--Please note that the reason an image was not included here is because there is no image with complete proper licensing. This page is an FL, so all of the images need correct license info. See the talk page for more info.--&gt;
|[[Victor Grignard]]
|France
|&quot; [[Grignard reagent]] ke paae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=n1912&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1912/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Paul Sabatier (chemist)|Paul Sabatier]]
|France
|uske &quot;method of [[Hydrogenation#History|hydrogenating]] organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals', ke khaatir&lt;ref name=n1912/&gt;
|-
|1913
|&lt;!--Please note that the reason an image was not included here is because there is no image with complete proper licensing. This page is an FL, so all of the images need correct license info. See the talk page for more info.--&gt;
|[[Alfred Werner]]
|[[Switzerland]]
|&quot;uske [[Octahedral molecular geometry|linkage of atoms in molecules]] me kaam ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1913/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1914
|[[File:Richards Theodore William lab.jpg|75px]]
|[[Theodore William Richards]]
|[[United States]]
|&quot;uske dher chemical element ke  [[Theodore William Richards#Science research|atomic weight]] ke khoje ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1914/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1915
|[[File:Richard Willstätter.jpg|75px]]
|[[Richard Martin Willstätter]]
|Germany
|&quot;uske  [[chlorophyll]]&quot; ke adhyan ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1915/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1916
| colspan=4 align=center|''Nai dew gais''
|-
|1917
| colspan=4 align=center|''Nai dewa gais''
|-
|1918
|[[File:Fritz Haber.png|75px]]
|[[Fritz Haber]]
|Germany
|&quot;uske [[Haber process|synthesis of ammonia]] ke banae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1918/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1919
| colspan=4 align=center|''Nai dewa gais''
|-
|1920
|[[File:Walther Nernst.jpg|75px]]
|[[Walther Hermann Nernst]]
|Germany
|&quot;uske kaam [[Third law of thermodynamics#History|thermochemistry]]&quot; me, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1920/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1921
|&lt;!--Please note that the reason an image was not included here is because there is no image with complete proper licensing. This page is an FL, so all of the images need correct license info. See the talk page for more info.--&gt;
|[[Frederick Soddy]]
|United Kingdom
|&quot;uske yogdaan, hamlog ke chemistry of radioactive substances ke samjhe ke aur uske adhyan  [[Isotope#History of the term|isotopes]] me&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1921/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1922
|&lt;!--Please note that the reason an image was not included here is because there is no image with complete proper licensing. This page is an FL, so all of the images need correct license info. See the talk page for more info.--&gt;
|[[Francis William Aston]]
|United Kingdom
|&quot;uske,  mass spectrograph ke kaam me laae ke dher non-radioactive elements ke  [[Stable isotope|isotopes]] ke paae ke khaatir aur uske [[Whole number rule|whole-number rule]] ke suruu kare ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1922/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1923
|[[File:Fritz Pregl.jpg|75px]]
|[[Fritz Pregl]]
|[[Austria]]
|uske &quot;method of [[microanalysis|micro-analysis]] of organic substances&quot; ke banae ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1923/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1924
| colspan=4 align=center|''Nai dewa gais''
|-
|1925
|&lt;!--Please note that the reason an image was not included here is because there is no image with complete proper licensing. This page is an FL, so all of the images need correct license info. See the talk page for more info.--&gt;
|[[Richard Adolf Zsigmondy]]
|Germany
|&quot;uske ii dekhae ke khaatir ki [[colloid]] heterogeneous hae&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1925/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1926
|
|[[Theodor Svedberg|The (Theodor) Svedberg]]
|Sweden
|&quot;uske [[Ultracentrifuge|kaam disperse systems me]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1926/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1927
|
|[[Heinrich Otto Wieland]]
|Germany
|&quot;uske adhyam ke khaatir ki [[bile acid]]s kon chij se banaa hae.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1927/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1928
|
|[[Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus]]
|Germany
|&quot;uske adhyan ki [[sterol]]s kon chij se banaa hae aur iske [[vitamin]]s se kon sambandh hae&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1928/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1929
|rowspan=2|
|[[Arthur Harden]]
|United Kingdom
|rowspan=2|uske adhyan  &quot;fermentation of sugar&quot; aur [[zymase|fermentative enzymes]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1929/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Hans von Euler-Chelpin|Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin]]
|Germany
|-
|1930
|
|[[Hans Fischer]]
|Germany
|uske adhyan ki [[haemin]] aur [[chlorophyll]] kon chij se banaa hae aur &quot;synthesis of haemin&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1930/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1931
|
|[[Carl Bosch]]
|Germany
|rowspan=2|&quot;uu log ke yogdaan [[Bergius process and Haber-Bosch process|chemical high pressure methods]] ke banaae me&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1931/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Friedrich Bergius]]
|Germany
|-
|1932
|[[File:Irving Langmuir.jpg|75px]]
|[[Irving Langmuir]]
|United States
|uske [[Langmuir isotherm|khoj]] aur [[Langmuir–Blodgett film|adhyan]] &quot;surface chemistry&quot;me , ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1932/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1933
| colspan=4 align=center|''Nai dewa gais''
|-
|1934
|[[File:Harold Urey.jpg|75px]]
|[[Harold Clayton Urey]]
|United States
|&quot;uske [[deuterium|heavy hydrogen]] ke paae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1934/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1935
|
|[[Frédéric Joliot]]
|France
|rowspan=2|&quot;uu log ke [[Irene Joliot-Curie#Research|synthesis of new radioactive elements]] ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1935/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Irene Joliot-Curie]]
|France
|-
|1936
|[[File:Debye100.jpg|75px]]
|[[Peter Debye|Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye]]
|the Netherlands
|&quot;uske kaam &quot;molecular structure&quot; pe   [[Debye relaxation|dipole moments]] aur [[Debye-Waller factor|diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases]] ke adhyan ke baad&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1936/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1937
|
|[[Walter Haworth|Walter Norman Haworth]]
|United Kingdom
|&quot;uske adhyan carbohydrates aur [[Vitamin C#Discovery of ascorbic acid|vitamin C]] pe, ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1937/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Paul Karrer]]
|Switzerland
|&quot;uske adhyan [[carotenoid]]s, [[Flavin group|flavins]] aur vitamins [[vitamin A|A]] aur [[Riboflavin|B2]], ke khaatir&quot;
|-
|1938
|
|[[Richard Kuhn]]
|Germany
|&quot;uske kaam [[carotenoid]]s aur [[vitamin]]s ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1938/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1939
|
|[[Adolf Butenandt|Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt]]
|Germany
|&quot;uske kaam [[sex hormone]]s&quot; pe, ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;n1939&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1939/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Lavoslav Ružička|Leopold Ruzicka]]
|Switzerland
|&quot;uske kaam polymethylenes aur higher [[terpene]]s pe, ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;n1939&quot;/&gt;
|-
|1940
| colspan=4 align=center|''Nai dewa gais''
|-
|1941
| colspan=4 align=center|''Nai dewa gais''
|-
|1942
| colspan=4 align=center|''Nai dewa gais''
|-
|1943
| [[File:George de Hevesy.jpg|75px]]
|[[George de Hevesy]]
|[[Hungary]]
|&quot;uske kaam ki  isotopes ke [[radioactive tracer|tracers]] ke rakam kaam me laawa jaae sake hae chemical processes ke adhyan me&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1943/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1944
|
|[[Otto Hahn]]
|Germany
|&quot;uske [[nuclear fission|fission]] of heavy nuclei&quot; ke paae, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1944/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1945
|
|[[Artturi Ilmari Virtanen]]
|[[Finland]]
|&quot;uske [[AIV fodder|fodder preservation method]]&quot; ke banae ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1945/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|1946
|
|[[James B. Sumner|James Batcheller Sumner]]
|United States
|&quot;uske ii paae ke khaatir ki [[Enzyme#History|enzymes]] ke crystallize karaa jaae sake hae&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1946/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[John Howard Northrop]]
|United States
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske pure enzymes aur [[Virus#History|virus proteins]] ke banae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946&quot;/&gt;
|-
|
|[[Wendell Meredith Stanley]]
|United States
|-
|1947
|
|[[Robert Robinson (scientist)|Sir Robert Robinson]]
|United Kingdom
|&quot;uske [[Tropinone|plant products of biological importance]] ke paae ke khaatir, khaas kar ke alkaloids&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1947/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1948
|
|[[Arne Tiselius|Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius]]
|Sweden
|&quot;uske adhyan [[electrophoresis]] aur adsorption analysis me, khaas kar ke &quot;complex nature of the [[globulin|serum proteins]]&quot; ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1948/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1949
|
|[[William Giauque|William Francis Giauque]]
|United States
|&quot;uske [[Magnetic refrigeration|field of chemical thermodynamics me kaam]],ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1949/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1950
|rowspan=2|
|[[Otto Diels|Otto Paul Hermann Diels]]
|[[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]]
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske [[Diels-Alder reaction|diene synthesis]]&quot; ke banaae ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1950/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Kurt Alder]]
|Federal Republic of Germany
|-
|rowspan=2|1951
|
|[[Edwin McMillan|Edwin Mattison McMillan]]
|United States
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske adhyan [[transuranium elements]] pe&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1951/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 
| [[Glenn T. Seaborg|Glenn Theodore Seaborg]]
|United States
|-
|rowspan=2|1952
|rowspan=2|
|[[Archer John Porter Martin]]
|United Kingdom
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske [[partition chromatography]]&quot; ke banaae ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1952/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Richard Laurence Millington Synge]]
|United Kingdom
|-
|1953
|
|[[Hermann Staudinger]]
|Federal Republic of Germany
|&quot;uske [[Polymer chemistry#History|macromolecular chemistry]] me dher chij paae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1953/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1954
|[[File:Pauling.jpg|75px]]
|[[Linus Pauling|Linus Carl Pauling]]
|United States
|&quot;uske adhyan [[Linus Pauling#Nature of the chemical bond|the nature of the chemical bond]] ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1954/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1955
|
|[[Vincent du Vigneaud]]
|United States
|&quot;uske kaam [[Oxytocin#Structure and relation to vasopressin|first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone]], ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1955/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1956
|rowspan=2|
|Sir [[Cyril Norman Hinshelwood]]
|United Kingdom
|rowspan=2|&quot;uske adhyan &quot;mechanism of [[chemical reaction]]s&quot; pe, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1956/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov]]
|[[Soviet Union|USSR]]
|-
|1957
|
|[[Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd|Lord (Alexander R.) Todd]]
|United Kingdom
|uske &quot;[[nucleotide]]s aurnucleotide [[co-enzyme]]s&quot; pe kaam ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1957/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1958
|[[File:Frederick Sanger2.jpg|75px]]
|[[Frederick Sanger]]
|United Kingdom
|&quot;uske kaam &quot;[[Insulin#Nobel Prizes|the structure of proteins]]&quot;, khaas kar ke insulin&quot; pe, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1958/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1959
|
|[[Jaroslav Heyrovský]]
| [[Czechoslovakia]]
|uske &quot;[[polarography|polarographic]] methods of analysis&quot; ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1959/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1960
|
|[[Willard Libby|Willard Frank Libby]]
|United States
|&quot;uske adhyan ki carbon-14 ke kaise [[Carbon dating|age determination]] ke khaatir  archaeology, geology, geophysics me kaise kaam me  laawa jaae sake hae, ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1960/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1961
|[[File:Melvin Calvin.jpg|75px]]
|[[Melvin Calvin]]
|United States
|uske adhyan &quot;[[Calvin cycle|carbon dioxide assimilation in plants]]&quot; pe, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1961/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1962
|
|[[Max Perutz|Max Ferdinand Perutz]]
|United Kingdom
|rowspan=2|uske adhyan &quot;[[myoglobin|globular proteins]]&quot; pe, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1962/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:KendrewMyoglobin.jpg|75px|John Cowdery Kendrew]]
|[[John Kendrew|John Cowdery Kendrew]]
|United Kingdom
|-
|rowspan=2|1963
|
|[[Karl Ziegler]]
|Federal Republic of Germany
|rowspan=2|uske &quot;chemistry and technology of high polymer&quot; [[Ziegler-Natta catalyst| me nawaa chij paae ke khaatir &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1963/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Giulio Natta]]
|[[Italy]]
|-
|1964
|
|[[Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin]]
|United Kingdom
|&quot;uske [[X-ray crystallography#Early organic and small biological molecules|determinations by X-ray techniques]] khaas biochemical substances ke structure ke adhyan ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1964/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1965
|
|[[Robert Burns Woodward]]
|United States
|&quot;uske [[Robert Burns Woodward#Organic syntheses and Nobel Prize|outstanding achievements]] organic synthesis kare me, ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1965/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1966
|
|[[Robert S. Mulliken]]
|United States
|uske khaas kaam &quot;molecules ke chemical bonds aur electronic structure ke baare me,  [[Molecular orbital theory|molecular orbital method]] ke kaam me laae ke&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1966/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|1967
|rowspan=3|
|[[Manfred Eigen]]
|Federal Republic of Germany
|rowspan=3|uulog ke &quot;[[Flash photolysis|ekdam jor chemical reactions ke adhyan]], jiske equilibrium ke badlae jaae hae chhotaa pulse of energy se&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1967/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ronald George Wreyford Norrish]]
|United Kingdom
|-
|[[George Porter]]
|United Kingdom
|-
|1968
|
|[[Lars Onsager]]
|United States
|uske &quot;[[Onsager reciprocal relations|reciprocal relations]] ke paae ke khaatir, jon ki thermodynamics of irreversible processes khaatir jaruri hae&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1968/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1969
|rowspan=2|
|[[Derek Barton|Derek H. R. Barton]]
|United Kingdom
|rowspan=2|uulog ke yogdaan &quot;concept of [[conformational isomerism|conformation]]&quot; ke banae ke khaatir aur iske chemistry me kaise kaam me laawa jaae hae&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1969/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Odd Hassel]]
|[[Norway]]
|-
|1970
|[[File:Luis Federico Leloir - young.jpg|75px]]
|[[Luis F. Leloir]]
|[[Argentina]]
|uske &quot;sugar nucleotides ke paae ke khaatir aur iske jaruri [[Luis Federico Leloir#Sugar nucleotides|biosynthesis of carbohydrates]] me&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1970/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1971
|
|[[Gerhard Herzberg]]
|[[Canada]]
|&quot;uske yogdaan  &quot;&quot;electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]]&quot; ke baare me jaane ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1971/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|1972
|[[File:Christian B. Anfinsen, NIH portrait, 1969.jpg|75px]]
|[[Christian B. Anfinsen]]
|United States
|uske kaam &quot;[[ribonuclease]] pe, khaas kar ke amino acid sequence aur the biologically active conformation ke biich ke sambandh&quot;, ke khaatir &lt;ref name=&quot;n1972&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1972/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|
|[[Stanford Moore]]
|United States
|rowspan=2|uu log ke yogdaan &quot;connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the [[ribonuclease]] molecule&quot;, ke baare me samjhe ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;n1972&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[William Howard Stein|William H. Stein]]
|United States
|-
|rowspan=2|1973
|
|[[Ernst Otto Fischer]]
|Federal Republic of Germany
|rowspan=2|uu pahila jan rahaa jon ki apne se &quot;chemistry of the [[Organometallic chemistry|organometallic]], so called sandwich compounds&quot; pe adhyan karis rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1973/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Geoffrey Wilkinson]]
|United Kingdom
|-
|1974
|
|[[Paul Flory|Paul J. Flory]]
|United States
|uske khaas kaam, duuno theoretical aur experimental, &quot;physical chemistry of [[Polymer#Historical development|macromolecules]] pe&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1974/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1975
|
|[[John Cornforth|John Warcup Cornforth]]
|[[Australia]]&lt;br /&gt;United Kingdom
|uske kaam &quot; [[stereochemistry]] of enzyme-catalyzed reactions me&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;n1975&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1975/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Vladimir Prelog]]
|Switzerland
|uske &quot;[[chirality (chemistry)|stereochemistry]] of organic molecules and reactions pe adhyan&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;n1975&quot;/&gt;
|-
|1976
|
|[[William Lipscomb|William N. Lipscomb]]
|United States
|uske adhyan &quot;structure of [[borane]]s illuminating problems of chemical bonding&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1976/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1977
|
|[[Ilya Prigogine]]
|[[Belgium]]
|uske yogdaan &quot;non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of [[Dissipative structures#Overview|dissipative structures]]&quot; me, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1977/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1978
|
|[[Peter D. Mitchell]]
|United Kingdom
|uske yogdaan &quot;biological energy transfer through the formulation of the [[chemiosmosis|chemiosmotic theory]]&quot; ke samjhe ke khaatir &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1978/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1979
|rowspan=2|
|[[Herbert C. Brown]]
|United States
|rowspan=2|uske &quot;[[Organoborane#Synthesis|boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds]], ke kaam me laae ke  [[Wittig reaction|important reagents in organic synthesis]] ke khaatir kaam me laais&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1979/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Georg Wittig]]
|Federal Republic of Germany
|-
|rowspan=3|1980
|[[File:Paul Berg in 1980.jpg|75px]]
|[[Paul Berg]]
|United States
|uske khaas adhyan &quot;biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to [[Recombinant DNA|recombinant-DNA]]&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;n1980&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1980/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:WalterGilbert2.jpg|75px|Walter Gilbert]]
|[[Walter Gilbert]]
|United States
|rowspan=2|[[Chaen termination method|uulog ke yogdaan]] [[DNA sequencing|determination of base sequences]] in nucleic acids&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;n1980&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[File:Frederick Sanger2.jpg|75px|Frederick Sanger]]
|[[Frederick Sanger]]
|United Kingdom
|-
|rowspan=2|1981
|rowspan=2|
|[[Kenichi Fukui]]
|[[Japan]]
|rowspan=2|&quot;[[Woodward–Hoffmann rules|uulog ke theories]], concerning the course of chemical reactions&quot; jiske uulog apne se develop karin, ke khaatir &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1981/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Roald Hoffmann]]
|United States
|-
|1982
|
|[[Aaron Klug]]
|United Kingdom
|uske &quot;[[Electron crystallography|crystallographic electron microscopy]] aur structural elucidation of biologically important [[Chromatin|nucleic acid-protein complexes]]&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1982/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1983
|
|[[Henry Taube]]
|United States
|uske kaam &quot;on the mechanisms of [[Inner sphere electron transfer|electron transfer reactions]], especially in metal complexes&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1983/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1984
| 
|[[Robert Bruce Merrifield]]
|United States
|uske &quot;[[Solid phase peptide synthesis|chemical synthesis on a solid matrix]]&quot; ke parrhe ke method ke adhyan ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1984/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1985
|rowspan=2|
|[[Herbert A. Hauptman]]
|United States
|rowspan=2|uulog ke bahut achchhaa safaltaa &quot;in developing [[Hauptman-Karle method|direct methods]] for the determination of crystal structures&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1985/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Jerome Karle]]
|United States
|-
|rowspan=3|1986
|[[File:Herschbach.JPG|75px|Dudley R. Herschbach]]
|[[Dudley R. Herschbach]]
|United States
|rowspan=3|&quot; [[crossed molecular beams|uulog ke yogdaan]] &quot;concerning the [[infrared chemiluminescence|dynamics of chemical elementary processes]]&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1986/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|
|[[Yuan T. Lee]]
|United States
|-
|[[John C. Polanyi]]
|Canada
|-
|rowspan=3|1987
|
|[[Donald J. Cram]]
|United States
|rowspan=3|uulog ke &quot;molecules with [[Host-guest chemistry|structure-specific interactions]] of high selectivity&quot; banae aur kaam me laae ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1987/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Jean-Marie Lehn.jpg|75px|Jean-Marie Lehn]]
|[[Jean-Marie Lehn]]
|France
|-
|
|[[Charles J. Pedersen]]
|United States
|-
|rowspan=3|1988
|
|[[Johann Deisenhofer]]
|Federal Republic of Germany
|rowspan=3|uulog ke &quot; [[photosynthetic reaction center|photosynthetic reaction centre]] ke three-dimensional structure&quot; ke determine kare ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1988/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Robert Huber.JPG|75px|Robert Huber]]
|[[Robert Huber]]
|Federal Republic of Germany
|-
|
|[[Hartmut Michel]]
|Federal Republic of Germany
|-
|rowspan=2|1989
|
|[[Sidney Altman]]
|Canada&lt;br /&gt;United States
|rowspan=2|uske &quot;for [[Ribozyme|catalytic properties of RNA]]&quot; ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1989/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Thomas r. cech.jpg|75px|Thomas R. Cech]]
|[[Thomas Cech|Thomas R. Cech]]
|United States
|-
|1990
|
|[[Elias James Corey]]
|United States
|uske &quot; [[Retrosynthetic analysis|organic synthesis]]&quot;, ke method ke develop kare ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1990/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1991
|
|[[Richard R. Ernst]]
|Switzerland
|uske yogdaan &quot;[[Nuclear magnetic resonance#Fourier spectroscopy|high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy]]&quot; ke banae me &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1991/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1992
|[[File:Prof. Dr. Rudolph A. Marcus.jpg|75px]]
|[[Rudolph A. Marcus]]
|United States
|uske yogdaan &quot;[[Marcus theory|theory of electron transfer reactions]] in chemical systems&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1992/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1993
|rowspan=2|
|[[Kary Mullis|Kary B. Mullis]]
|United States
|uske  &quot; [[polymerase chaen reaction]] (PCR) method&quot; ke banae ke khaatir &lt;ref name=&quot;n1993&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1993/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Michael Smith (chemist)|Michael Smith]]
|Canada
|uske yogdaan &quot;DNA-based chemistry&quot; me, [[site-directed mutagenesis]] and its development for protein studies&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;n1993&quot;/&gt;
|-
|1994
|
|[[George Andrew Olah|George A. Olah]]
|United States
|uske yogdaan &quot;[[carbocation]] chemistry&quot; me&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1994/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|1995
|
|[[Paul J. Crutzen]]
|the Netherlands
|rowspan=3|uulog ke yogdaan &quot;fatmospheric chemistry me, khaas kar ke formation aur [[ozone depletion|decomposition of ozone]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Mario J Molina.jpg|75px|Mario J. Molina]]
|[[Mario J. Molina]]
|&lt;!--Yes, he is from Mexico, but we are following their countries based on the official Nobel website--&gt;United States&lt;!--Yes, he is from Mexico, but we are following their countries based on the official Nobel website--&gt;
|-
|[[File:F. Sherwood Rowland.jpg|75px]]
|[[Frank Sherwood Rowland|F. Sherwood Rowland]]
|United States
|-
|rowspan=3|1996
|
|[[Robert Curl|Robert F. Curl Jr.]]
|United States
|rowspan=3|uske &quot;[[fullerene]]s&quot; ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1996/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Harold Kroto 2007.jpg|75px|Harold Kroto]]
|Sir [[Harold Kroto|Harold W. Kroto]]
|United Kingdom
|-
|
|[[Richard Smalley|Richard E. Smalley]]
|United States
|-
|rowspan=3|1997
|rowspan=3|
|[[Paul D. Boyer]]
|United States
|rowspan=2|uske &quot;[[ATP synthase|enzymatic mechanism]] underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)&quot; ke samjhaae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;n1997&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1997/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[John E. Walker]]
|United Kingdom
|-
|[[Jens Christian Skou|Jens C. Skou]]
|[[Denmark]]
|uske &quot;ek ion-transporting enzyme, [[Na+/K+-ATPase|Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; -ATPase]]&quot; ke khoj ke khaatir &lt;ref name=&quot;n1997&quot;/&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|1998
|
|[[Walter Kohn]]
|United States
|uske &quot;[[density functional theory|density-functional theory]]&quot; ke banae ke khaatir &lt;ref name=&quot;n1998&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1998/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[John Pople|John A. Pople]]
|United Kingdom
|uske quantum chemistry me &quot;[[GAUSSIAN|computational methods]]&quot; ke banae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;n1998&quot;/&gt;
|-
|1999
|
|[[Ahmed Zewail|Ahmed H. Zewail]]
|[[Egypt]]&lt;br /&gt;United States
|uske adhyan &quot;transition states of chemical reactions using [[femtosecond spectroscopy]]&quot; me &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1999/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|2000
|rowspan=3|
|[[Alan J. Heeger]]
|United States
|rowspan=3|uulog ke &quot;[[conductive polymer]]s&quot; paae ke khaatir &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000| publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2000/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Alan MacDiarmid|Alan G MacDiarmid]]
|United States&lt;br /&gt;New Zealand
|-
|[[Hideki Shirakawa]]
|Japan
|-
|rowspan=3|2001
|
|[[William S. Knowles]]
|United States
|rowspan=2|uulog ke kaam &quot;[[Asymmetric synthesis#Asymmetric catalysis|chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions]]&quot; me&lt;ref name=&quot;The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001| publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2001/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Noyori small.jpg|75px|Ryoji Noyori]]
|[[Ryoji Noyori]]
|Japan
|-
|
|[[Karl Barry Sharpless|K. Barry Sharpless]]
|United States
|uske kaam &quot; [[Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation|chirally catalysed oxidation reactions]]&quot; me&lt;ref name=&quot;The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001&quot;/&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|2002
|[[File:John B Fenn01.jpg|75px|John B. Fenn]]
|[[John Bennett Fenn|John B. Fenn]]
|United States
|rowspan=2|uske &quot;development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for their development of [[Soft laser desorption|soft desorption]] [[Electrospray ionization|ionisation methods]] for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;n2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002| publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2002/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Koichi Tanaka]]
|Japan
|-
|[[File:Kurt-Wuethrich.jpg|75px|Kurt Wüthrich]]
|[[Kurt Wüthrich]]
|Switzerland
|uulog ke &quot;development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for his development of [[Protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution]]&quot; ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;n2002&quot;/&gt;
|-
|rowspan=2|2003
|
|[[Peter Agre]]
|United States
|uske &quot;discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for the discovery of [[Aquaporin|water channels]]&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;n2003&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003| publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2003/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Roderick MacKinnon, M.D..jpg|75px|Roderick MacKinnon]]
|[[Roderick MacKinnon]]
|United States
|uske &quot;discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for structural and mechanistic [[Potassium channel#Structure|studies of ion channels]]&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;n2003&quot;/&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|2004
|[[File:Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Ciehanover.jpg|75px]]
|[[Aaron Ciechanover]]
|[[Israel]]
|rowspan=3|uske &quot;[[Ubiquitin#Identification|ubiquitin]]-mediated protein degradation&quot;, ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004| publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2004/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Hershko.jpg|75px]]
|[[Avram Hershko]]
|Israel
|-
|[[File:Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Rose.jpg|75px]]
|[[Irwin Rose]]
|United States
|-
|rowspan=3|2005
|
|[[Yves Chauvin]]
|France
|rowspan=3|uulog ke &quot;development of the [[olefin metathesis|metathesis]] method in organic synthesis&quot;, ke khaatir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005| publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Robert Grubbs.jpg|75px|Robert Grubbs]]
|[[Robert H. Grubbs]]
|United States
|-
|&lt;!--Please note that the reason an image was not included here is because there is no image with complete proper licensing. This page is an FL, so all of the images need correct license info. See the talk page for more info.--&gt;
|[[Richard R. Schrock]]
|United States
|-
|2006
|[[File:Roger.Kornberg.JPG|75px]]
|[[Roger D. Kornberg]]
|United States
|&quot;uske molecular basis of [[Transcription (genetics)#Eukaryotic transcription|eukaryotic transcription]] ke adhyan ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006| publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2006/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|[[File:Prof Ertl-Portrait.jpg|75px]]
|[[Gerhard Ertl]]
|Germany
|&quot;uske [[Gerhard Ertl#Research|his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces]] ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007| publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2007/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|rowspan=3|2008
|[[File:Osamu Shimomura-press conference Dec 06th, 2008-2.jpg|75px]]
|[[Osamu Shimomura]]
|United States&lt;ref&gt;As of 26 October 2008, the nobelprize.org website page for the 2008 award gives Shimomura's country as &quot;USA&quot;. However, the press release from the Nobel Foundation on 8 October 2008, announcing the award, states that Shimomura is a Japanese citizen. {{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008–Press Release| publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/press.html|accessdate=2008-10-08|date=2008-10-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|rowspan=3|&quot;uske [[green fluorescent protein]], GFP ke paae ke aur banaae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008| publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[File:Martin Chalfie-press conference Dec 07th, 2008-4.jpg|75px]]
|[[Martin Chalfie]]
|United States
|-
|[[File:Roger Tsien-press conference Dec 07th, 2008-2.jpg|75px]]
|[[Roger Y. Tsien]]
|United States
|}

=== Medicine me Nobel prize jiite waala log (jiske [[Karolinska Institutet]] tae karis hae) ===
==== 1901-1910 ====
[[File:Cajal-va.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Santiago Ramón y Cajal, 1906]]
* [[1901]] - [[Emil von Behring|Emil Adolf von Behring]], [[Germany]], ek [[serum]] banae ke khaatir jisse log ke [[diphtheria]] pakrre se rokaa jaae sake hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1901&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1901/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1902]] - [[Ronald Ross]], [[United Kingdom]], uske [[malaria]] pe kaam kare ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1902&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1903]] - [[Niels Ryberg Finsen]], [[Denmark]], [[lupus vulgaris]] (chamrraa waala [[tuberculosis]]) ke light [[radiation]] se achchhaa kare ke khaatir.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1903&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1903/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1904]] - [[Ivan Pavlov|Ivan Petrovich Pavlov]], [[Russia]], uske [[digestive system|digestion]] kaise kaam kare hae ke adhyan ke khaatir.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1904&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1905]] - [[Robert Koch]], Germany, [[tuberculosis]] ke adhyan ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1905&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1905/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1906]] - [[Camillo Golgi]], [[Italy]] aur [[Santiago Ramón y Cajal]], [[Spain]], [[nervous system]] pe adhyan ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1906&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1906/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* [[1907]] - [[Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran]], [[France]], uske adhyan [[protozoa]] pe, jon ki bemaari ke kaaran bane sake hae, ke khaatir.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1907&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1907/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1908]] - [[Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov]], Russia, aur [[Paul Ehrlich]], Germany, ii paae ke khaatir ki [[immune system|immunity]] kaise bemaari se larre hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1908&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1908/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1909]] - [[Emil Theodor Kocher]], [[Switzerland]], [[thyroid gland]] pe uske kaam ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1909&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1909/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1910]], [[Albrecht Kossel]], Germany, uske [[protein]]s aur [[nucleic acid|nucleic substances]] pe uske kaam ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1910&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1910/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 1911-1919 ====
[[File:Allvar Gullstrand 02.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Allvar Gullstrand, 1911]]
* [[1911]] - [[Allvar Gullstrand]], [[Sweden]], light [[refraction]] aur [[aankhi]] pe uske kaam ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1911&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1911/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1912]] - [[Alexis Carrel]], France, uske joining blood vessels aur [[Organ transplant|transplantation]] of [[blood vessel]]s aur [[Organ (anatomy)|organs]] pe kaam ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1912&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1912/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1913]] - [[Charles Robert Richet]], France, uske [[anaphylaxis]] pe kaam ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1913&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1913/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1914]] - [[Robert Bárány]], [[Austria]], uske [[kaan]] aur [[Equilibrioception|balance]] pe kaam ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1914&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1914/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1915]] - ''Nai dewa gais''
* [[1916]] - ''Nai dewa gais''
* [[1917]] - ''Nai dewa gais''
* [[1918]] - ''Nai dewa gais''
* [[1919]] - [[Jules Bordet]], [[Belgium]],  uske [[immune system|immunity]] ke baare me khij ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1919&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1919/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 1920-1929 ====
[[File:Fredrick banting.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Frederick Banting, 1923]]
* [[1920]] - [[August Krogh|Schack August Steenberg Krogh]], [[Denmark]], uske [[capillary|capillaries]] ke baare me khoj ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1920&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1920/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1921]] - ''Nai dewa gais''
* [[1922]] - [[Archibald Hill|Archibald Vivian Hill]], United Kingdom, ii paae ke khaatir ki [[muscle]] kaise garmii ke utpaadan kare hae, ke khaatir&lt;ref name = &quot;nobel-1922&quot;/&gt;
* 1922 - [[Otto Fritz Meyerhof]], Germany, ii paae ke khaatir ki [[oxygen]] kaise [[muscle]] me [[lactic acid]] ke badle hae, ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1922&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1922/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1923]] - [[Frederick Banting|Frederick Grant Banting]], [[Canada]] aur [[John James Richard Macleod]], Canada, uske [[insulin]] ke paae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1923&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1924]] - [[Willem Einthoven]], [[Netherlands|The Netherlands]], [[electrocardiogram]] banae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1924&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1924/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1925]] - ''Not awarded''
* [[1926]] - [[Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger]], [[Denmark]],  ii paae ke khaatir ki [[infection]] se kaise [[cancer]] hoe hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1926&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1926/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1927]] - [[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]], Austria, ii paae ke khaatir ki [[malaria]] ke [[inoculation]] kaise [[paralysis]] ke achchhaa kare hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1927&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1927/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1928]] - [[Charles Nicolle|Charles Jules Henri Nicolle]], France, uske [[typhus]] pe kaam ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1928&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1928/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1929]], [[Christiaan Eijkman]], The Netherlands, ii paae ke khaatir ki [[vitamin]] se kaise dard ke roka jaae sake hae.&quot;&lt;ref name = &quot;nobel-1929&quot;/&gt;
* 1929 - Sir [[Frederick Gowland Hopkins]], United Kingdom, for his discovery of the [[vitamin]]s that help growth&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1929&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1929/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 1930-1939 ====

* [[1930]] - [[Karl Landsteiner]], [[insaan]] me kon rakam ke [[khuun]] rahe hae, ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1930&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1930/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1931]] - [[Otto Heinrich Warburg]], Germany, [[cytochrome|respiratory enzyme]] ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1931&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1931/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1932]] Sir [[Charles Scott Sherrington]], United Kingdom, aur [[Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian|Edgar Douglas Adrian]], United Kingdom,  [[neuron]]s ([[nerve]] cells) ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1932&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1932/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1933]] - [[Thomas Hunt Morgan]], [[United States]],  uske [[chromosome]]s aur [[heredity]] pe kaam ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1933&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1933/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1934]] - [[George Whipple|George Hoyt Whipple]], [[George Minot|George Richards Minot]], aur [[William P. Murphy|William Parry Murphy]], United States, uulog ke  treating the [[liver]] to help with [[anaemia]] ke kaam ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1934&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1934/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1935]] - [[Hans Spemann]], Germany, [[embryonic development]] me organizer effect ke paae ke khaatir &lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1935&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1935/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1936]] - Sir [[Henry Hallett Dale]], United Kingdom, aur [[Otto Loewi]], Austria  [[neurotransmitter]]s aur [[nerve impulses]] ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1936&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1936/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1937]] - [[Albert Szent-Györgyi|Albert Szent-Györgyi von Nagyrapolt]], [[Hungary]], uske cells, [[vitamin C]] aur [[fumaric acid]] ke [[chemical]] badlao of  ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1937&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1937/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1938]] - [[Corneille Heymans|Corneille Jean François Heymans]], Belgium,  [[Paranasal sinus|sinus]] aur [[aorta|aortic mechanisms]], jisse saans le me kaabu rakhkhaa jaae sake hae, me uske kaam ke khaatir. &lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1938&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1938/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1939]] - [[Gerhard Domagk]], Germany,  [[antibacterial]] effects of [[prontosil]] ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1939&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1939/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 1940-1949 ====
[[File:Alexander-fleming.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Alexander Fleming, 1945]]
* [[1940]] - ''Nai dewa gais''
* [[1941]] - ''Nai dewa gais''
* [[1942]] - ''Nai dewa gais''
* [[1943]] - [[Henrik Dam|Carl Peter Henrik Dam]], Denmark, [[vitamin K]] ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name = &quot;nobel-1943&quot;/&gt;
* 1943 - [[Edward Adelbert Doisy]], United States, [[vitamin K]] me kaam ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1943&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1943/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1944]] - [[Joseph Erlanger]] and [[Herbert Spencer Gasser]], United States, uske [[nerve fibre]] ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1944&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1944/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1945]] - Sir [[Alexander Fleming]], [[Ernst Boris Chaen]], United Kingdom and [[Howard Florey|Howard Walter Florey]], [[Australia]], uske [[penicillin]] ke paae ke khaatir aur iske ek [[antibiotic]] me banae ke [[infectious disease]] ke achchhaa kre, ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1945&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1946]] - [[Hermann Joseph Muller]], United States, uske  [[X-ray]] [[irradiation]] ke kaaran se [[mutation]] ke paae ke khaatir &lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1946&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1946/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1947]] - [[Carl Ferdinand Cori]] aur [[Gerty Theresa Cori|Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz]], United States, uulog ke catalytic conversion of [[glycogen]] ke adhyan , ke khaatir&lt;ref name = &quot;nobel-1947&quot;/&gt;
* 1947 - [[Bernardo Houssay|Bernardo Alberto Houssay]], [[Argentina]], ii paae ke khaatir ki   [[anterior pituitary]] ke [[hormone]] kaise [[glucose|sugar]] ke metabolise kare hae, ke khaatir &lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1947&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1947/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1948]] - [[Paul Hermann Müller]], Switzerland, uske kaam [[DDT]] pe ek [[insecticide|poison against several insects]] ke ruup me, ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1948&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1948/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1949]] - [[Walter Rudolf Hess]], Switzerland, for his discovery of the way the uske ii paae ke khaatir ki [[dimaag]] kaise dehin ke bhittar ke organs ke control kare hae. &lt;ref name = &quot;nobel-1949&quot;/&gt;
* 1949 - [[António Egas Moniz|Antonio Caetano De Abreu Freire Egas Moniz]], [[Portugal]],  [[leucotomy]] ([[brain]] [[surgery]]) ke kaam me laae ke dimaagi rog ke achchhaa kare, ke khaatir.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1949&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1949/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 1950-1959 ====
[[File:Selman Waksman NYWTS.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Selman Waksman, 1952]]
* [[1950]] - [[Philip Showalter Hench]], [[Edward Calvin Kendall]], United States, aur [[Tadeus Reichstein|Tadeusz Reichstein]], Switzerland,  [[hormone]]s of the [[adrenal cortex]] kebaare me paae ke khaatir.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1950&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1950/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1951]] - [[Max Theiler]], [[South Africa|Union of South Africa]], [[yellow fever]] ke paae ke khaatir.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1951&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1951/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1952]] - [[Selman Waksman|Selman Abraham Waksman]], United States, [[streptomycin]] ke paae ke khaatir, jon ki pahilat [[antibiotic]] rahaa jon ki  [[tuberculosis]] ke achchhaa karis rahaa&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1952&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1952/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1953]] - [[Hans Adolf Krebs]], United Kingdom, [[citric acid cycle]] ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name = &quot;nobel-1953&quot;/&gt;
* 1953 - [[Fritz Albert Lipmann]], United States, [[coenzyme A|co-enzyme A]] ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1953&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1953/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1954]] - [[John Franklin Enders]], [[Frederick Chapman Robbins]], aur [[Thomas Huckle Weller]], United States, [[poliomyelitis]] [[virus]] ke paae ke khaatir aur iske laboratory me paida kare ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1954&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1954/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1955]] - [[Hugo Theorell|Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell]], Sweden, uske uu [[enzymes]] ke paae ke khaatir, jon ki [[oxygen]] se badle hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1955&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1955/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1956]] - [[André Frédéric Cournand]], [[Dickinson W. Richards]], United States, aur [[Werner Forssmann]], [[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]], uske [[heart catheterization]] aur  [[circulatory system]] me badlao ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1956&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1956/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1957]] - [[Daniel Bovet]], [[Italy]] uske [[antihistamine]]  pe kaam ke khaatir aur ii dehin ke hissa ke kon chij kare hae.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1957&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1957/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1958]] - [[George Wells Beadle]] aur [[Edward Lawrie Tatum]], United States, ii paae ke khaatir ki [[gene]]s kaise kaam kare hae&lt;ref name = &quot;nobel-1958&quot;/&gt;
* 1958 - [[Joshua Lederberg]], United States, ii paae ke khaatir ki [[genes]] kaise sanghe kaam kare hae aur  [[bacteria]] me genes kaise organused hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1958&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1958/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1959]] - [[Arthur Kornberg]] and [[Severo Ochoa]], United States, ii paae kr khaatir ki jinda chij kaise   [[ribonucleic acid]] (RNA) aur [[deoxyribonucleic acid]] (DNA) ke jorre hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1959&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1959/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 1960-1969 ====

* [[1960]] - Sir [[Frank Macfarlane Burnet]], Australia, aur [[Peter Medawar|Peter Brian Medawar]], United Kingdom, uske ii paae ke khaatir ki dehin ke  [[immunity]] koi chij badle ke, ekke rakam nai rahe hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1960&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1960/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1961]] - [[Georg von Békésy]], United States, uske [[cochlea]] ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1961&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1961/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1962]] - [[Francis Crick|Francis Harry Compton Crick]], United Kingdom, [[James D. Watson|James Dewey Watson]], United States, aur [[Maurice Wilkins|Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins]], [[New Zealand]], uulog ke [[nucleic acid]]s ke structure ke paae ke khaatir aur iske jaruri jinda chij me jaankari ke move kare ke. &lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1962&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1963]] - Sir [[John Carew Eccles]], Australia, [[Alan Lloyd Hodgkin]], United Kingdom, aur [[Andrew Huxley|Andrew Fielding Huxley]], United Kingdom, uulog ke  [[nerve]] [[cell membrane]] ke khoj ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1963&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1963/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1964]] - [[Konrad Emil Bloch|Konrad Bloch]], United States, aur [[Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen|Feodor Lynen]], Federal Republic of Germany, ii paae ke khaatir ki  [[cholesterol]] aur [[fatty acid]] dehin me kaise kaam kare hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1964&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1964/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1965]] - [[François Jacob]], [[André Michel Lwoff|André Lwoff]], aur [[Jacques Monod]], France, ii paae ke khaatir ki [[gene]]s [[virus]]es ke kaise control kare hae &lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1965&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1965/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1966]] - [[Francis Peyton Rous|Peyton Rous]], United States, uske ii paae ke khaatir ki [[virus]]es [[tumour]]s ke kaaran hoe sake hae&lt;ref name = &quot;nobel-1966&quot;/&gt;
* 1966 - [[Charles Brenton Huggins]], United States, for using [[Hormonal therapy (oncology)|hormonal treatment]] of [[prostatic cancer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1966&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1966/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1967]] - [[Ragnar Granit]], Sweden, [[Haldan Keffer Hartline]], aur [[George Wald]], United States, uulog ke paae ke khaatir ki [[aanki]] kaise kaam kare hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1967&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1967/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1968]] - [[Robert W. Holley]], [[Har Gobind Khorana]], aur [[Marshall Warren Nirenberg|Marshall W. Nirenberg]], United States, uulog ke ii samjhe ke khaatir ki [[genetic code]] ke [[Protein biosynthesis|protein synthesis]] me kon role hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1968&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1969]] - [[Max Delbrück]], [[Alfred Hershey|Alfred D. Hershey]], aur [[Salvador Luria|Salvador E. Luria]], United States, ii paae ke khaatir ki [[virus]]es kaise reproduce kare hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1969&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 1970-1979 ====
[[File:DavidBaltimore2008.JPG|thumb|200px|right|David Baltimore, 1975]]
* [[1970]] - [[Julius Axelrod]], [[Ulf von Euler]], Sweden, aur Sir [[Bernard Katz]], United Kingdom, uulo ke [[neurotransmitter|transmittors in the nerve terminals]] ke baare me paae ke khaatir aur ii kaise kaam kare hae. &lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1970&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1970/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1971]] - [[Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.|Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.]], United States, uske [[hormone]]s ke baare me khoj ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1971&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1971/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1972]] - [[Gerald Edelman|Gerald M. Edelman]], United States, aur [[Rodney Robert Porter|Rodney R. Porter]], United Kingdom, uske  [[antibodies]] ke chemical structure ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1972&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1972/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1973]] - [[Karl von Frisch]], Federal Republic of Germany, [[Konrad Lorenz]], Austria, aur [[Nikolaas Tinbergen]], United Kingdom, uulog ke  individual aur social behaviour patterns ke khij ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1973&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1973/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1974]] - [[Albert Claude]], [[Christian de Duve]], [[Belgium]], aur [[George Emil Palade|George E. Palade]], United States, uulog ke [[cell]]s ke baare me khoj ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1974&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1975]] - [[David Baltimore]], [[Renato Dulbecco]], aur [[Howard Martin Temin]], United States, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki konchi hoe hae jab [[tumour]] causing [[virus]]es infect normal cells.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1975&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1975/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1976]] - [[Baruch Samuel Blumberg|Baruch S. Blumberg]] aur [[Daniel Carleton Gajdusek|D. Carleton Gajdusek]], United States, uulog ke khoj ki [[infectious disease]]s kaise suruu hoe hae aur faile hae.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1976&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1976/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1977]] - [[Roger Guillemin]], [[Andrew W. Schally]], United States, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki [[dimaag]] kaise [[peptide hormone]] ke banae hae&lt;ref name = &quot;nobel-1977&quot;/&gt;
* 1977 - [[Rosalyn Sussman Yalow|Rosalyn Yalow]], United States, uske [[radioimmunoassay]]s of [[peptide hormone]]s ke adhyan ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1977&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1977/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1978]] - [[Werner Arber]], Switzerland, [[Daniel Nathans]], United States, aur [[Hamilton O. Smith]], United States uske [[restriction enzyme]]s ke paae ke khaatir, aur iske kaise [[molecular genetics]] me kaam me laawa jaae sake hae&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1978&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1978/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1979]] - [[Allan McLeod Cormack|Allan M. Cormack]], United States, aur [[Godfrey Hounsfield|Godfrey N. Hounsfield]], United Kingdom, uske [[computer assisted tomography]] banae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1979&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1979/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 1980-1989 ====
[[File:Rita Levi-Montalcini in 1965.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1986]]
* [[1980]] - [[Baruj Benacerraf]], United States, [[Jean Dausset]], France, aur [[George Davis Snell|George D. Snell]], United States, uulog ke  genetically determined structures on the cell surface that control [[immune system|immunological reactions]] ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1980&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1980/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1981]] - [[Roger W. Sperry]], United States, uske [[brain]] ke [[cerebral hemisphere]]s ke jaruri ke baare me paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name = &quot;nobel-1981&quot;/&gt;
* 1981 - [[David H. Hubel]], United States, and [[Torsten N. Wiesel]], Sweden, for their discoveries about information processing in the [[visual system]]&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1981&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1981/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1982]] - [[Sune Bergström|Sune K. Bergström]], [[Bengt I. Samuelsson]], Sweden, aur [[John Robert Vane|John R. Vane]], United Kingdom, uulog ke  [[prostaglandin]]s ke baare me khoj ke khaatir.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1982&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1982/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1983]] - [[Barbara McClintock]], United States, uske [[transposon|mobile genetic elements]] ke khoj ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1983&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1983/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1984]] - [[Niels Kaj Jerne|Niels K. Jerne]], Denmark, [[Georges J. F. Köhler|Georges J.F. Köhler]], Federal Republic of Germany, [[César Milstein]], [[Argentina]] aur the United Kingdom, uulog ke theory development and control of the [[immune system]] ke baare me aur ii paae ke khaatir ki  [[monoclonal antibodies]] kaise bane hae.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1984&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1984/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1985]] - [[Michael Stuart Brown|Michael S. Brown]], aur [[Joseph L. Goldstein]], United States, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki  [[cholesterol]] ke kaise kaabu me rakkhaa jaae hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1985&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1985/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1986]] - [[Stanley Cohen (biochemist)|Stanley Cohen]], United States, aur [[Rita Levi-Montalcini]], Italy and the United States, uulog ke [[growth factor]]s pe khoj ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1986&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1986/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1987]] - [[Susumu Tonegawa]], [[Japan]], uske ii paae ke khaatir ki gene kaise [[antibody|antibodies]] banae hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1987&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1987/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1988]] - Sir [[James W. Black]], United Kingdom, [[Gertrude B. Elion]], aur [[George H. Hitchings]], United States, uulog ke  [[Pharmacology|drug treatment]] ke khaas niyam bane ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1988&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1989]] - [[J. Michael Bishop]] aur [[Harold E. Varmus]], United States, uulog ii paae rahin ki genes ke ek barraa palwaar ke disturb kare se saadhaaran cell cancer cell ban jaae hae.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1989&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1989/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 1990-1999 ====
[[File:Ferid Murad.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Ferid Murad, 1998]]
* [[1990]] - [[Joseph Murray|Joseph E. Murray]] aur [[E. Donnall Thomas]], United States, uulog ke kaam [[Organ transplant|organ and cell transplantation]] bemaari ke achchhaa kare ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1990&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1990/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1991]] - [[Erwin Neher]] aur [[Bert Sakmann]], Federal Republic of Germany, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki ek [[ion channel]]s cells me kon chij kare hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1991&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1991/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1992]] - [[Edmond H. Fischer]], Switzerland and the United States, aur [[Edwin G. Krebs]], United States, uulog ke [[protein]] [[phosphorylation]] as a biological control mechanism ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1992&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1992/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1993]] - [[Richard J. Roberts]], United Kingdom, aur [[Phillip Allen Sharp|Phillip A. Sharp]], United States, uulog ke split genes me khoj ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1993&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1994]] - [[Alfred G. Gilman]], aur [[Martin Rodbell]], United States, uulog ke for [[G-protein]]s ke paae ke khaatir aur iske kon kaam rhae hae [[signal transduction]] in cells me&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1994&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1994/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1995]] - [[Edward B. Lewis]], United States, [[Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard]], Federal Republic of Germany, aur [[Eric F. Wieschaus]], United States, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki  [[embryonic development]] ke genes kaise badle hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1995&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1995/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1996]] - [[Peter C. Doherty]], Australia, aur [[Rolf M. Zinkernagel]], Switzerland, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki immune system kaise ii jaane hae ki kon cell virus se infected hae. &lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1996&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1996/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1997]] - [[Stanley B. Prusiner]], United States, uske [[Prion]]s ke paae ke khaatir, jon ki proteins hae jon ki log ke bemaar kare hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1997&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1997/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1998]] - [[Robert F. Furchgott]], [[Louis J. Ignarro]] aur [[Ferid Murad]], United States, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki [[nitric oxide]] kaise ek  signalling [[molecule]] ke rakam [[cardiovascular]] system me kaam kare hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1998&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1998/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1999]] - [[Günter Blobel]], United States, uske ii paae ke khaatir ki [[protein]]s ke lage  built-in signals rahe hae jon cell me transport aur localization ke control kare hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-1999&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1999/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2000-2009 ====
[[File:LucMontagnier1995 065.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Luc Montagnier, 2008]]
* [[2000]] - [[Arvid Carlsson]], Sweden, [[Paul Greengard]], United States, aur [[Eric Kandel|Eric R. Kandel]], United States, [[signal transduction]] in the [[nervous system]] ke khoj ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-2000&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2000/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[2001]] - [[Leland H. Hartwell]], United States, [[Tim Hunt]], United Kingdom, aur Sir [[Paul Nurse|Paul M. Nurse]], United Kingdom, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki [[cell cycle]] me khaas controls kon chij hae &lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-2001&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2001/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[2002]] - [[Sydney Brenner]], United Kingdom, [[H. Robert Horvitz]], United States, aur [[John E. Sulston]], United Kingdom, uulog ke genetic controls of organ development and [[apoptosis|programmed cell death]] paae ke khaatir &lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-2002&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2002/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[2003]] - [[Paul Lauterbur]], United States, and Sir [[Peter Mansfield]], United Kingdom,  [[magnetic resonance imaging]] ke banae ke khaatir&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-2003&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[2004]] - [[Richard Axel]] aur [[Linda B. Buck]], United States, uulog ke  [[odorant receptor]]s and the organization of the [[olfactory system]] ke paae ke khaatir, (ham log chij ke kaise sughtaa hae)&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-2004&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2004/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[2005]] - [[Barry Marshall|Barry J. Marshall]] aur [[Robin Warren|J. Robin Warren]], Australia, uulog ke  bacterium ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'' jon [[gastritis]] aur [[peptic ulcer disease]] ke kaaran hae, ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-2005&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2005/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[2006]] - [[Andrew Fire|Andrew Z. Fire]] aur [[Craig Mello|Craig C. Mello]], United States, uulog ke ii paae ke khaatir ki  [[RNA interference]] kaise genes ke switch &quot;on&quot; aur &quot;off&quot; kare hae&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-2006&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2006/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006
 | accessdate = 2007-07-28
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[2007]] - [[Mario Capecchi|Mario R. Capecchi]], United States, Sir [[Martin Evans|Martin J. Evans]], United Kingdom, [[Oliver Smithies]], United States, uu log ke ii paae ke khaatir ki chuuha me genes ke, [[embryonic stem cells]] ke kaam e laae ke, kaise badlaa jaae sake hae.  &lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-2007&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2007/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007
 | accessdate = 2007-10-08
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[2008]] - [[Harald zur Hausen]], Germany, papilloma viruses jon ki [[cervical cancer]] ke kaaran hae ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-2008&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2008/index.html
 | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008
 | accessdate = 2008-10-06
 | publisher = Nobel Foundation
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* 2008 - [[Françoise Barré-Sinoussi]] and [[Luc Montagnier]], France, [[human immunodeficiency virus]] ke paae ke khaatir&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel-2008&quot;/&gt;

* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature]] ([[Swedish Academy]] tae kare hae)
* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Winners of the Nobel Peace Prize]] ([[Norwegian Nobel Committee]] tae kare hae, jiske Norwegian Parliament, [[Stortinget]] appoint kare hae)
* [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Winners of the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel]] ([[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] tae kare hae)

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
{{stub}}

[[Category:Nobel Prize| ]]
[[Category:Dher des ke sanstha]]</text>
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    <title>Mirza Halim Shah Dargah</title>
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      <text bytes="6056" sha1="6nrqlw8zo6xo4704t98klfwaytjv7mr" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Sufi shrine in Mehsi, East Champaran district, Bihar, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2026}}
 {{Infobox religious building
| name = Mirza Halim Shah Dargah
| native_name = दरगाह मिर्ज़ा हलीम शाह
| image = Mirza Halim Shah Dargah Mehsi.jpg
| caption = Mirza Halim Shah Dargah in Mehsi, East Champaran, Bihar
| location = [[Mehsi]], [[East Champaran district]], [[Bihar]], India
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.357024|85.118482|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = Islam
| tradition = Sufism
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-coordinates = {{Coord|26.357024|85.118482}}
| mapframe-caption = Location of Mirza Halim Shah Dargah near Mehsi
| mapframe-zoom = 15
| mapframe-width = 300
| mapframe-height = 250
}}

'''Mirza Halim Shah Dargah''', also known locally as the Dargah of Data Halim Sahib, is a Sufi shrine in [[Mehsi]], in the [[East Champaran district]] of [[Bihar]], India. The shrine is associated with local religious traditions and an annual ''urs'' gathering that attracts devotees from different parts of Bihar and neighbouring regions. A report published by ''The Times of India'' in 2009 described the shrine as a historical pilgrimage site and reported that visitors came from North Bihar and Nepal for the annual gathering.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news
|title=Three-day Urs mela begins at Mehasi
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/three-day-urs-mela-begins-at-mehasi/articleshow/5281949.cms
|work=The Times of India
|date=30 November 2009
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The dargah is part of Mehsi's religious and cultural heritage. Reports about its annual ''urs'' describe participation by people from different religious communities and the gathering's role in local social life.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news
|title=दाता हलीम शाह के मकबरा पर तीन दिनी उर्स शुरू
|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/motihari/story-three-day-urs-at-670-year-old-dargah-in-mehsi-a-symbol-of-unity-201779817138110.html
|work=Hindustan
|date=26 May 2026
|language=hi
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== History and traditions ==

The shrine is associated with the Sufi figure known locally as Mirza Halim Shah or Data Halim Sahib. Accounts of the shrine's origins and the life of Halim Sahib form part of local historical and religious traditions. A 2009 report in ''The Times of India'' recounted a tradition connecting Halim Sahib with the Mughal-era history of the region and described a local account involving the Hindu figure Mahesh Raut.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news
|title=Three-day Urs mela begins at Mehasi
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/three-day-urs-mela-begins-at-mehasi/articleshow/5281949.cms
|work=The Times of India
|date=30 November 2009
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The age and earliest history of the shrine should be understood through published historical evidence. Newspaper accounts have described it as several centuries old, but a precise founding date should not be treated as established unless supported by reliable historical or archaeological sources.

== Urs and pilgrimage ==

An annual ''urs'' is held at the shrine. In its 2009 report, ''The Times of India'' described a three-day gathering attended by devotees from North Bihar and Nepal. The report noted the offering of ''chadar'' at the shrine and the associated fair.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news
|title=Three-day Urs mela begins at Mehasi
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/three-day-urs-mela-begins-at-mehasi/articleshow/5281949.cms
|work=The Times of India
|date=30 November 2009
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A 2026 report by ''Hindustan'' also described the annual three-day ''urs'' and reported participation by members of different religious communities. The gathering is therefore a notable part of Mehsi's local religious and cultural life.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news
|title=दाता हलीम शाह के मकबरा पर तीन दिनी उर्स शुरू
|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/motihari/story-three-day-urs-at-670-year-old-dargah-in-mehsi-a-symbol-of-unity-201779817138110.html
|work=Hindustan
|date=26 May 2026
|language=hi
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Location and regional significance ==

The dargah is located in Mehsi, an urban settlement in East Champaran district. Mehsi has its own municipal local body and is associated with the region's traditional shell-button manufacturing industry.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|title=Mehsi Nagar Panchayat
|url=https://eastchamparan.nic.in/public-utility/mehsi-nagar-panchayat/
|website=East Champaran District Administration
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|title=Mehsi Button Industry
|url=https://eastchamparan.nic.in/mehsi-button-industry/
|website=East Champaran District Administration
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Motihari]], the district headquarters, is another important administrative and cultural centre of East Champaran. The shrine's documented pilgrimage activity connects Mehsi with visitors from across North Bihar and neighbouring Nepal, while its annual gathering contributes to the area's religious and cultural life.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news
|title=Three-day Urs mela begins at Mehasi
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/three-day-urs-mela-begins-at-mehasi/articleshow/5281949.cms
|work=The Times of India
|date=30 November 2009
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==

* [[Mehsi, Bihar]]
* [[Motihari]]
* [[East Champaran district]]
* [[Champaran]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://mapcarta.com/W1527655188 Mapcarta location of Mirza Halim Shah Dargah]
* [https://eastchamparan.nic.in/ East Champaran District Administration]

== References ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Mehsi Urs festival coverage |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/motihari/motihari-news-mehsi-khwaja-abdul-haleem-shah-chishti-779-urs-sadbhavna-mela-history-mahesh-raut-june}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Three-day Urs mela begins at Mehasi |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/three-day-urs-mela-begins-at-mehasi/articleshow/5281949.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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