Albrecht Dürer

Wikipedia hifwiki https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahila_Panna MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.23 first-letter saadhan khaas baat sadasya sadasya ke baat Wikipedia Wikipedia baat file file ke baat MediaWiki MediaWiki ke baat Template Template ke baat madat madat ke baat vibhag voibhag ke baat TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Albrecht Dürer 0 3867 338631 333921 2026-10-09T23:58:05Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 338631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Artist | bgcolour = #EEDD82 | name = Albrecht Dürer | image =Dürer_-_Selbstbildnis_im_Pelzrock_-_Alte_Pinakothek.jpg | imagesize = 280px | caption = ''Self-Portrait'' (1500) by Albrecht Dürer | birthdate = [[21 May]] [[1471]] | location = Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire | deathdate = [[6 April]] [[1528]] | deathplace = Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire | nationality = [[Germany|German]] | field = Printmaking, Painting | training = | movement = | works = ''Knight, Death, and the Devil'' (1513) ''Saint Jerome in his Study'' (1514) ''Melencolia I'' (1514) ''Dürer's Rhinoceros'' | patrons = | awards = }} '''Albrecht Dürer''' ([[21 May]] [[1471]] – [[6 April]] [[1528]]) <ref name="Mueller">Mueller, Peter O. (1993) ''Substantiv-Derivation in Den Schriften Albrecht Durers'', Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-012815-2.</ref> ek [[Germany]] ke chitrkaar, engraver aur [[mathematician]] rahaa. Uske janam Nuremberg, [[Germany]] me bhais rahaa. Uu jab 20s me rahaa tab uske naam [[Europe]] bhar me fael gais rahaa aur uske [[Renaissance]] ke time me Northern Europe ke sab se achchhaa artist maana jaawat rahaa. Uske kaam me Apocalypse woodcuts, Knight, Death, aur Devil (1513), Saint Jerome in his Study (1514) aur Melencolia I (1514) rahaa. Uske watercolours uske Europe ke pahila landscape artist banais, aur uske woodcuts, lakrri waala [[art]] ke jaana maana kar diis. == Chapa ke gallery == <div align=center> <gallery> Albrecht_Dürer_-_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Dürer_-_WGA07258.jpg|Dürer's ke aapan lakrri ke banaa coat of arms Durer-self-portrait-at-the-age-of-thirteen.jpg|silverpoint drawing, jiske Dürer, 1484 me banais rahaa jab uu 13 saal ke rahaa Albrecht-self.jpg|lbrecht Dürer ke ''Self-Portrait'' (1493) Durer Young Hare.jpg|''Young Hare'', 1502 Dürer Melancholia I.jpg|''Melencolia I'', 1514, Albrecht Dürer engraving Albrecht Duerer- Lamentation for Christ.JPG|''Lamentation for Christ'', oil, 1500–1503 Duerer-Prayer.jpg|''The Praying Hands'' Albrecht Dürer - Adam and Eve (Prado) 2.jpg|''Adam and Eve'', (1507). Dürer - Rhinoceros.jpg|''Dürer's Rhinoceros'', woodcut, 1515. File:St. Cristopher-Dürer.jpg|St. Christopher, engraving]], 1521 File:DBPB 1961 202 Albrecht Dürer.jpg|Dürer 1961 German stamp me Landscape with a Large Cannon MET MM7867.jpg|''The Cannon'', 1518 </gallery> </div> ==Jiwan kahaani== ===Bachpan ke din (1471–1490)=== [[File:Durer-self-portrait-at-the-age-of-thirteen.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|13 saal ke umar me, apne banaawa gais chhaapa, 1484, [[Albertina]], Vienna]] Dürer ke janam [[21 May]] [[1471]] me bhais rahaa. Uu Albrecht Dürer the Elder aur Barbara Holper ke tiisra larrka rahaa, jon 1467 me saadi kare rahin.<ref name="BPA11">Brand Philip & Anzelewsky (1978–79), 11.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Albrecht Dürer the Elder (pahile Albrecht Ajtósi) ek successful [[sonaar]] rahaa, jon 1455 talak Nuremberg chal diis rahaa, [[Ajtós]] se, jon [[Gyula (town)|Gyula]] in [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] ke nagiich hae.<ref name="heaton">{{Cite book|last=Heaton|first=Mrs. Charles|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofalbrechtdu00heat|title=The Life of Albrecht Dürer of Nürnberg: With a Translation of His Letters and Journal and an Account of His Works|publisher=Seeley, Jackson and Halliday|year=1881|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofalbrechtdu00heat/page/29 29], 31–32|author-link=Mary Margaret Heaton}}</ref> Uu Barbara se saadi karis, jon uske master ke larrki rahii, jab uu apne master banaa rahaa. <ref name=":0" /> Uske aurat ke maiyaa, Klinga Öllinger bhi Hungary ke rahii,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hungarianottomanwars.com/essays/albrecht-durer-1471-1528-and-hungary/ |title=Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) and Hungary |website=Hungarian-Ottoman Wars |date=4 May 2020 }}</ref> kaaheki uu [[Sopron]] me paida bhae rahii. Ii duuno ke 18 larrkan rahin, jisme se khaali tiin jindaa rahin. [[Hans Dürer]] (1490–1534), bhi ek chitrkaar banaa rahaa, buddhaa Albrecht ke niche parrhis rahaa. Ek bachaa bhaiyaa, Endres Dürer (1484–1555), aapan pitaji ke business le liis rahaa aur ek master goldsmith rahaa.<ref name="Br16">Brion (1960), 16.</ref> German naam "Dürer" Hungarian sabd, "Ajtósi" ke translation hae.<ref name="heaton"/> Pahule ii , it was "Türer", jiske matlab doormaker hae, jon "ajtós" hae Hungarian me ( "ajtó" se, jiske matlab palla hae). Ek palla palwaar ke [[coat-of-arms]] me hae. Albrecht Dürer the Younger baad me "Türer" ke badal diis rahaa, "Dürer" me, jisse ki uu local Nuremberg dialect ke kaam me laae.<ref name=":0">Bartrum, 93, n. 1.</ref> Kaaheki Dürer aapan baare me mid-twenties me likis rahaa, uske jindagi ke baare me achchhaa se jaana jaawe hae. Kuchh sall ke school ke baad, Dürer goldsmithing ke basics ke baare me aurdrawing, aapan pitaji se sikhis rahaa. Jab ki uske pitaji maangat rahaa ki uu aapan sonaar ke training karte rahe, uu drawing me achchhaa talent dekhais rahaa uske [[Michael Wolgemut]] ke saathe apprentiship , 15 saal ke umar me, 1486 me suruu karis.<ref name="BPA10">Brand Philip & Anzelewsky (1978–79), 10.</ref> Uske ek pane ke banaawa gias chhaapa, [[silverpoint]] me, jiske taarik 1484 hae ([[Albertina, Vienna]]) "when I was a child", jaise uske baad ke inscription dekhae hae. Ii chhaapa, sab se puraana larrkan ke drawing hae, jon abhi talak hae , aur kaaheki, as Dürer's Opus One, has helped define his oeuvre as deriving from, and always linked to, himself.<ref name="Koerner">[[Joseph Koerner]], ''The Moment of Self-Portraiture in Renaissance Art'', University of Chicago Press, 1993.<sup>page missing.</sup></ref> Wolgemut, uutime Nuremberg me ek leading chitrkaar rahaa, jiske ek barra workshop rahaa, jon dher rakam ke artwork banaawat rahaa, khaas kar ke particular woodcuts for books me. Nuremberg uutime ek important aur prosperous city rahaa, a centre for publishing and many luxury trades. Iske tagrraa link [[Italy]], khaas kar ke [[Venice]], jon khaali thorraa duur rahaa [[Alps]] ke uppar se.<ref name="Bartrum"/> Dürer ke godfather, [[Anton Koberger]] goldsmithing ke chhorr ke ek printer aur publisher Dürer ke janam ke saal me banaa rahaa. Uu Germany ke sab se jaada successful publisher banaa rahaa jon twenty-four [[printing-press]]es ke own karat rahaa aur dher offices Germany aur duusra des me rahaa. Koberger ke sab jaada famous publication rahaa ''[[Nuremberg Chronicle]]'', jiske 1493 me German aur [[Latin]] me publish karaa gais rahaa. Isme 1,809 [[woodcut]] illustrations (albeit with many repeated uses of the same block) Wolgemut workshop se rahaa. Dürer saait isme se ek me kaam karis rahaa, kaaheki ii project pe kaam suruu bhais rahaa jab uu Wolgemut ke saathe rahaa.<ref name="Bartrum">[[Giulia Bartrum]], ''Albrecht Dürer and his Legacy'', British Museum Press, 2002, {{ISBN|0-7141-2633-0}}.<sup>Page missing.</sup></ref> ===''Wanderjahre'' and marriage (1490–1494)=== [[File:Albrecht-self.jpg|thumb|left|The earliest painted ''[[Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle (Albrecht Dürer)|Self-Portrait (Holding a Thistle)]]'', 1493, oil, originally on [[vellum]], [[Louvre]], Paris]] Aapan apprenticeship ke khalaas kare ke baad, Dürer common German custom of taking ''[[Wandering journeyman|Wanderjahre]]''—in effect [[gap year]]s—in which the apprentice learned skills from other masters, their local tradition and individual styles; Dürer lagbhag chaar saal duur rahaa. UU hian se 1490 me chhorris, saait [[Martin Schongauer]] ke niche kaam kare ke khaatir, jon Northern Europe ke leading engraver rahaa, lekin uu Dürer ke aae se pahile 1492 me mar gais rahaa. Ii nai jaana jaawe hae ki Dürer biich ke time kahaan gais rahaa, lekin ii likely hae ki uu [[Frankfurt]] aur [[Netherlands]] gais rahaa. Colmar me, Dürer ke Schongauer's bhaiyaa logan awagat kare rahin, Caspar aur Paul jon goldsmith rahin aur chitrkaar Ludwig. Wahii saal baad me , Dürer [[Basel]] gais rahaa Martin Schongauer ke ek aur bhaiyaa, goldsmith Georg, ke saathe rahe ke khaatir.{{refn|Here he produced a woodcut of [[St Jerome]] as a frontispiece for Nicholaus Kessler's ''Epistolare beati Hieronymi''. [[Erwin Panofsky]] argues that this print combined the "[[Ulm]]ian style" of Koberger's ''Lives of the Saints'' (1488) and that of Wolgemut's workshop. Panofsky (1945), 21.|group=n}} 1493 me, Dürer [[Strasbourg]] gais, jahan uu sculpture of [[Nikolaus Gerhaert]] ke experience karis rahaa. Dürer ke pahila painted self-portrait (now in the [[Louvre]]) ii time paunt karaa gais rahaa, saait aapan friends ke Nuremberg me, ke lage bheja jaae.<ref name="Bartrum"/> [[File:Dürer - Agnes Dürer (Mein Agnes), Albertina 3063.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Dürer' ke aapan aurat, Agnes Frey (″Mein Agnes") ke chhaapa, 1494, Albertina, Vienna]] == References ==  {{reflist}} == Books/sources == * Giulia Bartrum (2002), ''Albrecht Dürer and his Legacy'', British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-2633-0 * Walter L. Strauss (Editor) (1973), ''The Complete Engravings, Etchings and Drypoints of Albrecht Durer'', Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-22851-7 — still in print in paperback. * Wilhelm Kurth (Editor) (2000), ''The Complete Woodcuts of Albrecht Durer'', Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-21097-9 — still in print in paperback. == Duusra websites == * [http://www.bodkinprints.co.uk/links.php Links to online museum images of all of Dürer's prints — see section B (nb: Not all Public Domain)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823091108/http://www.bodkinprints.co.uk/links.php |date=2016-08-23 }} * [http://www.all-art.org/durer/durer1-1.html Albrecht Durer in the "History of Art"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214210323/http://all-art.org/durer/durer1-1.html |date=2009-02-14 }} * http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/durer/ * [http://www.aiwaz.net/Albrecht-DÜRER/c5 Alternative Albrecht Durer] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150111215918/http://www.museen-sh.de/ml/digicult.php?digiID=200.6885331&s=2 Works by Albrecht Dürer] at Museumsportal Schleswig-Holstein * [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/durer_home.html Albrecht Dürer: ''Vier Bücher von menschlicher Proportion''] * [http://www.rarebookroom.org/Control/duruwm/index.html ''De Symmetria... and Underweysung der Messung''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219165416/http://rarebookroom.org/Control/duruwm/index.html |date=2010-12-19 }} 1538, from Rare Book Room. {{BD|1471|1528|Dürer, Albrecht}} [[Category:A]] [[Category:D]] [[Category:Engravers]] [[Category:Chitrkaar]] [[Category:Abhineta]] [[Category:Printmakers]] [[Category:Germany ke log]] 8pw0qfxoaql13v4oi7pdvd2kdw5o7u5 Victor Hugo 0 4418 338633 325958 2026-10-10T01:05:26Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 338633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Writer  | name | image = Victor Hugo.jpg | imagesize = 250px | caption = Victor Hugo ke chapa, 1883 | birthdate = [[26 February]] [[1802]] | deathdate = [[22 May]] [[1885]] | occupation = poet, playwright, novelist, essayist, visual artist, statesman, human rights campaigner | movement = Romanticism | influences = Francois-Rene de Chateaubriand, Walter Scott, Voltaire | influenced = Louis-Honoré Fréchette, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Irvine Welsh, Albert Camus, Gérard de Nerval, Paul Verlaine, Oscar Wilde, Jean Cocteau, Gustave Flaubert, Ayn Rand | signature = Autograph-VictorHugo.png | website = | birthplace = Besançon, [[France]] | deathplace = [[Paris]], [[France]] }} '''Victor-Marie Hugo''' (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) ek [[France|French]] ke [[poet]], [[playwright]], [[novelist]], [[essay]]ist, [[visual artist]], [[statesman]] aur [[human rights]] [[activist]] rahaa. === Online texts === * [http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3Avictor%20hugo%20-contributor%3Agutenberg%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts Works by Victor Hugo] at [[Internet Archive]] * [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/search?amode=start&author=Hugo%2c%20Victor Works by Victor Hugo] at [[The Online Books Page]] * [http://www.ellopos.net/politics/eu_hugo.html Political speeches by Victor Hugo: Victor Hugo, My Revenge is Fraternity!] * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/EUhugo.htm Biography and speech from 1851] * [http://books.google.com/books?id=xREYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA207&as_brr=1#PPA207,M1 Obituary] in ''[[The Times]]'' == References == {{reflist}} === Online references === * Afran, Charles (1997). [http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Theatre/Hugo/hugo.shtml “Victor Hugo: French Dramatist”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329134800/http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Theatre/Hugo/hugo.shtml |date=2017-03-29 }}. Website: Discover France. (Originally published in ''Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia'', 1997, v.9.0.1.) Retrieved November 2005. * Bates, Alfred (1906). [http://www.theatrehistory.com/french/hugo001.html “Victor Hugo”]. Website: Theatre History. (Originally published in ''The Drama: Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization'', vol. 9. ed. Alfred Bates. London: Historical Publishing Company, 1906. pp. 11–13.) Retrieved November 2005. * Bates, Alfred (1906). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329135319/http://www.theatrehistory.com/french/hugo006.html “Hernani”]. Website: Theatre History. (Originally published in ''The Drama: Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization'', vol. 9. ed. Alfred Bates. London: Historical Publishing Company, 1906. pp. 20–23.) Retrieved November 2005. * Bates, Alfred (1906). [http://www.theatrehistory.com/french/hugo005.html “Hugo’s Cromwell”]. Website: Theatre History. (Originally published in ''The Drama: Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization'', vol. 9. ed. Alfred Bates. London: Historical Publishing Company, 1906. pp. 18–19.) Retrieved November 2005. * Bittleston, Misha (uncited date). [http://www.bittleston.com/artists/victor_hugo/ "Drawings of Victor Hugo"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615024428/http://www.bittleston.com/artists/victor_hugo/ |date=2011-06-15 }}. Website: Misha Bittleston. Retrieved November 2005. * Burnham, I.G. (1896). [http://www.theatrehistory.com/french/hugo008.html “Amy Robsart”]. Website: Theatre History. (Originally published in ''Victor Hugo: Dramas''. Philadelphia: The Rittenhouse Press, 1896. pp. 203–6, 401-2.) Retrieved November 2005. * Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Edition (2001-05). [http://aol.bartleby.com/65/hu/Hugo-Vic.html “Hugo, Victor Marie, Vicomte”]. Website: Bartleby, Great Books Online. Retrieved November 2005. Retrieved November 2005. * Haine, W. Scott (1997). [http://www.cats.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/dh/hugo.htm “Victor Hugo”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411025136/http://www.cats.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/dh/hugo.htm |date=2008-04-11 }}. Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions. Website: Ohio University. Retrieved November 2005. * Illi, Peter (2001-2004). [http://www.hugo-online.org/050000.htm “Victor Hugo: Plays”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415135602/http://www.hugo-online.org/050000.htm |date=2009-04-15 }}. Website: The Victor Hugo Website. Retrieved November 2005. * Karlins, N.F. (1998). [http://www.artnet.com/Magazine/features/karlins/karlins5-5-98.asp "Octopus With the Initials V.H."] Website: ArtNet. Retrieved November 2005. * Liukkonen, Petri (2000). [http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/vhugo.htm “Victor Hugo (1802-1885)”]. Books and Writers. Website: Pegasos: A Literature Related Resource Site. Retrieved November 2005. * Meyer, Ronald Bruce (2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20060508103328/http://www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com/rants/0226almanac.htm “Victor Hugo”]. Website: Ronald Bruce Meyer. Retrieved November 2005. * Robb, Graham (1997). [http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/r/robb-hugo.html “A Sabre in the Night”]. Website: New York Times (Books). (Excerpt from Graham, Robb (1997). ''Victor Hugo: A Biography''. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.) Retrieved November 2005. * Roche, Isabel (2005). [http://www.barnesandnoble.com/writers/writerdetails.asp?cid=30497 “Victor Hugo: Biography”]. Meet the Writers. Website: [[Barnes & Noble]]. (From the Barnes & Noble Classics edition of ''The Hunchback of Notre Dame'', 2005.) Retrieved November 2005. * Uncited Author. [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/EUhugo.htm “Victor Hugo”]. Website: Spartacus Educational. Retrieved November 2005. * Uncited Author. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/guernsey/content/articles/2004/09/20/victor_hugo_timeline_feature.shtml “Timeline of Victor Hugo”]. Website: BBC. Retrieved November 2005. * Uncited Author. (2000-2005). [http://www.online-literature.com/victor_hugo/ “Victor Hugo”]. Website: The Literature Network. Retrieved November 2005. * Uncited Author. [http://www.victorhugo.education.fr/ressources/caricature.htm "Hugo Caricature"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020128084404/http://www.victorhugo.education.fr/ressources/caricature.htm |date=2002-01-28 }}. Website: Présence de la Littérature a l’école. Retrieved November 2005. == Further reading == * Barbou, Alfred (1882). ''Victor Hugo and His Times''. University Press of the Pacific: 2001 paper back edition. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=089875478X] * Brombert, Victor H. (1984). ''Victor Hugo and the Visionary Novel''. Boston: Harvard University Press. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0674935500] * Davidson, A.F. (1912). ''Victor Hugo: His Life and Work''. University Press of the Pacific: 2003 paperback edition. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=1410207781] * Dow, Leslie Smith (1993). ''Adele Hugo: La Miserable''. Fredericton: Goose Lane Editions. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0864921683] * Falkayn, David (2001). ''Guide to the Life, Times, and Works of Victor Hugo''. University Press of the Pacific. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0898754658] * [[Feller, Martin]], ''Der Dichter in der Politik. Victor Hugo und der deutsch-französische Krieg von 1870/71. Untersuchungen zum französischen Deutschlandbild und zu Hugos Rezeption in Deutschland.'' Doctoral Dissertation, Marburg 1988. * Frey, John Andrew (1999). ''A Victor Hugo Encyclopedia''. Greenwood Press. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0313298963] * Grant, Elliot (1946). ''The Career of Victor Hugo''. Harvard University Press. Out of print. * Halsall, A.W. et al. (1998). ''Victor Hugo and the Romantic Drama''. [[University of Toronto Press]].[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0802043224] * Hart, Simon Allen (2004). ''Lady in the Shadows : The Life and Times of Julie Drouet, Mistress, Companion and Muse to Victor Hugo.'' Publish American. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=1413711332] * Houston, John Porter (1975). ''Victor Hugo''. New York: Twayne Publishers. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0805724435] * Hovasse, Jean-Marc (2001 and 2008), ''Victor Hugo''. Paris: Fayard * Ireson, J.C. (1997). ''Victor Hugo: A Companion to His Poetry''. Clarendon Press. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0198157991] * Later, Arnaud (2002). ''Hugo à l'Opéra''. Paris: L'Avant-Scène Opéra, no. 208. * Maurois, Andre (1956). ''Olympio: The Life of Victor Hugo''. New York: Harper & Brothers. * Maurois, Andre (1966). ''Victor Hugo and His World''. London: Thames and Hudson. Out of print. * Robb, Graham (1997). ''Victor Hugo: A Biography''. W.W. Norton & Company: 1999 paperback edition. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0393318990] ([http://www.wwnorton.com/catalog/spring99/victorhugo.htm description/reviews]) * Tonazzi, Pascal (2007) ''Florilège de Notre-Dame de Paris (anthologie)'' Paris, Editions Arléa ISBN 2-86959-795-9 == External links == {{wikiquote}} {{wikisource author}} {{commonscat|Victor Hugo}} * [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255 France of Victor Hugo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329135841/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255/ |date=2017-03-29 }} * [http://poesies.net/hugo.html/ Poesies.net: Victor Hugo, Complete Poetry In French (Texts)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815115408/http://www.poesies.net/hugo.html |date=2009-08-15 }} * {{fr icon}} [http://www.lescitations.net/citations/auteurs/Victor_Hugo.html Some Victor Hugo's quotes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423034635/http://www.lescitations.net/citations/auteurs/Victor_Hugo.html |date=2008-04-23 }} * [http://www.victorhugo.gg Guernsey’s Official Victor Hugo Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408091638/http://www.victorhugo.gg/ |date=2008-04-08 }} * [http://www.vhfestival.com Guernsey’s Victor Hugo International Music Festival] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613054712/http://www.vhfestival.com/ |date=2016-06-13 }} * [http://www.gavroche.org/vhugo Victor Hugo Central] * [http://www.intratext.com/Catalogo/Autori/AUT187.HTM Victor Hugo's works]: text, concordances and frequency lists * [http://greatcaricatures.com/articles_galleries/gill/galleries/html/1867_0519_hugo.html 1867 Caricature of Victor Hugo by André Gill] * [http://www.3dsrc.com/victorhugo/ Victor Hugo le dessinateur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710085447/http://www.3dsrc.com/victorhugo/ |date=2013-07-10 }} * [http://uclue.com/?xq=924 Translation of Victor Hugo note found in "Hunchback of Notre Dame," french edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328105055/http://uclue.com/?xq=924 |date=2017-03-28 }} * [http://www.victorhugo.asso.fr/ Official site of the Société des Amis de Victor Hugo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411175635/http://www.victorhugo.asso.fr/ |date=2008-04-11 }} * [http://www.festival-victorhugo-egaux.fr/ Official site of the Festival international Victor Hugo et Égaux] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329134917/http://www.festival-victorhugo-egaux.fr/ |date=2017-03-29 }} * {{IBList |type=author|id=117|name=Victor Hugo}} * [http://www.litteratureaudio.com/index.php?s=Victor+Hugo / Victor Hugo, his work in audio version] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729004709/http://www.litteratureaudio.com/index.php?s=Victor+Hugo |date=2019-07-29 }} [[file:Speaker Icon.svg|20px]]  {{BD|1802|1885|Hugo, Victor}} [[vibhag:France ke log]] [[vibhag:Poets]] [[vibhag:Writers]] nye93cfwasgxz8645s8hdzmsyc5wr7z Lisbon 0 6645 338634 321179 2026-10-10T05:44:47Z Kent Wang 41740 Castelo de São Jorge DSC 0034 (17293550541).jpg 338634 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Castelo de São Jorge DSC 0034 (17293550541).jpg|thumb|250px|Lisbon]] '''Lisbon''', [[Portugal]] ke is the [[capital]] [[city]] hae. ii [[city]] ke [[population]] lagbhag 2 million jan hae. Lisbon, [[River Tagus]] pe hae. <br><gallery class=center caption="Lisbon - Lisboa"> Lissabon-Praca do Comercio-16-2011-gje.jpg Lissabon-Sao Vicente de Fora-06-vom Castelo de Sao Jorge-2011-gje.jpg Lissabon-Sao Vicente de Fora-22-Hof-2011-gje.jpg Lissabon-Kathedrale-Se-06-Westwerk-2011-gje.jpg Lissabon-Basilica dos Martires-04-Weihnachtskrippe-2011-gje.jpg Lissabon-Ascensor da Bica-08-2011-gje.jpg Lissabon-Travessa da Laranjeira-06-Waesche-2011-gje.jpg Lissabon-Fado mit Joana Veiga-06-2011-gje.jpg|Fado </gallery> == Duusra websites == * [http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/ Official page of the city] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981111184832/http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/ |date=1998-11-11 }} [[Category:L]] [[Category:Portugal]] [[Category:Capital cities]] 7utdbzwrpsvouzik6x1ayzsgd8lp0ea Rosy Akbar 0 50377 338632 326431 2026-10-10T00:51:22Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 338632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |name = Rosy Sofia Akbar |image = Rosy Sofia Akbar 2014.jpg |image_size = 160px |alt = Rosy Akbar |caption = Rosy Akbar |birth_name = |birth_date = |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |body_discovered = |death_cause = |resting_place = |resting_place_coordinates =  |residence = |nationality = Fijian |ethnicity = Hindustani |citizenship = Fijian |other_names = |known_for = Fiji ke House of Representatives ke member: 1999 - 2006 |education = |alma_mater = |employer = |occupation = |years_active = |home_town = |salary = |networth = |height = |weight = |title = |term = |predecessor = |successor = |party = |opponents = |boards = |religion =Muslim |spouse = |partner = |children = |parents = |relations = |callsign = |awards = |signature = |website = |footnotes = |box_width = 225px }} '''Rosy Sofia Akbar''', [[Fiji]] ke ek politician aur Member of the [[Fiji ke House of Representatives]] hae, jon ki abhi Minister for Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation hae.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gov.fj/members-of-parliament/|title=Members of Parliament|website=Parliament of the Republic of Fiji|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Fijivillage|title=Rosy Akbar is now Minister for Women, Children & Poverty Alleviation while Premila Kumar is new Education Minister|url=https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Rosy-Akbar-is-now-Minister-for-Women-Children--Poverty-Alleviation-while-Premila-Kumar-is-new-Education-Minister-4fxr58/|access-date=2021-08-25|website=www.fijivillage.com|language=en}}</ref> Uu originally [[Ba district, Fiji|Ba]] ke hai aur politics me jaae se pahile A.D. Patel College ke Vice Principal rahii .<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rainingsale.com/wp/akbar-inspired-by-fijifirst/ |title=Akbar inspired by FijiFirst |publisher=Fiji Sun |date=2014-07-30 |accessdate=2014-09-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140924132115/http://rainingsale.com/wp/akbar-inspired-by-fijifirst/ |archivedate=2014-09-24 }}</ref> Akbar [[2014 ke election (Fiji)|2014 ke election]] me Parliament me chuna gais rahaa, jisme uske 990 vote mila rahaa,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.electionsfiji.gov.fj/2014-election-results/ |title=2014 Election Results |publisher=Fiji Elections Office |accessdate=2014-09-23 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921200245/http://www.electionsfiji.gov.fj/2014-election-results/ |archivedate=2014-09-21 }}</ref> aur uske Minister for Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation bannaawa gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fijisun.com.fj/2014/09/24/fijis-new-cabinet-ministers-were-sworn-in-today-at-government-house/ |title=Fiji’s New Cabinet Ministers Were Sworn In Today At Government House. |publisher=Fiji Sun |date=24 September 2014 |accessdate=3 June 2020 |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603051608/https://fijisun.com.fj/2014/09/24/fijis-new-cabinet-ministers-were-sworn-in-today-at-government-house/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> September 2016 me , ek cabinet reshuffle ke baad uske Minister for Health and Medical Services banaawa gais.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fijisun.com.fj/2016/09/10/pm-cabinet-reinvigorated/ |title=PM: Cabinet Reinvigorated |publisher=Fiji Sun |date=10 September 2016 |accessdate=3 June 2020 |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603051603/https://fijisun.com.fj/2016/09/10/pm-cabinet-reinvigorated/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[2014 ke election (Fiji)|2018 ke election]] me uske fir se chuna gais ,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fijitimes.com/2018-general-election-fijifirst-secures-27-seats-to-form-government/ |title=2018 General Election: FijiFirst secures 27 seats to form government |author=Talebula Kate |publisher=Fiji Times |date=18 November 2018 |accessdate=18 November 2018}}</ref> aur ii time uske 705 votemila aur uske Minister of Education banaawa gais . Guys If you inspired and get knowledge so visit [./https://web.archive.org/web/20220421053708/https://quizbuddy234.blogspot.com/2022/04/india-education-quiz.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421053708/https://quizbuddy234.blogspot.com/2022/04/india-education-quiz.html |date=2022-04-21 }} https://quizbuddy234.blogspot.com/2022/04/india-education-quiz.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421053708/https://quizbuddy234.blogspot.com/2022/04/india-education-quiz.html |date=2022-04-21 }}]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.islandsbusiness.com/breaking-news/item/2263-new-cabinet-lineup.html |title=New faces in Fiji cabinet |publisher=Islands Business |author=Netani Rika |date=22 November 2018 |accessdate=3 June 2020}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Fiji-politician-stub}} {{FIJIHINDUSTANIPOLITICIAN5}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akbar, Rosy}} {{BD|||Akbar, Rosy}} [[Category:R]] [[Category:Ba ke log]] [[Category:FijiFirst ke member]] [[Category:Fiji ke House of Representatives ke member]] g98ejn1oru5yp4wz9fi5287paytwctq sadasya ke baat:SHAQIL DABANA 3 69732 338630 2026-10-09T12:26:40Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 338630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|name=SHAQIL DABANA}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 12:26, 9 Actobar 2026 (UTC) fc7wy41pud8698k24xcubg0hbd6ojrp sadasya ke baat:Kent Wang 3 69733 338635 2026-10-10T05:44:48Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 338635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|name=Kent Wang}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 05:44, 10 Actobar 2026 (UTC) lu568h06wdv07il4fdi96ix3cp0krr1