विक्षनरी hiwiktionary https://hi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 case-sensitive मीडिया विशेष वार्ता सदस्य सदस्य वार्ता विक्षनरी विक्षनरी वार्ता चित्र चित्र वार्ता मीडियाविकि मीडियाविकि वार्ता साँचा साँचा वार्ता सहायता सहायता वार्ता श्रेणी श्रेणी वार्ता TimedText TimedText talk मॉड्यूल मॉड्यूल वार्ता Event Event talk 14 7188 488118 479171 2026-09-04T22:17:45Z SM7 6218 488118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 124844 488085 487543 2026-09-04T19:20:34Z SM7 6218 टेम्प 488085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 488086 488085 2026-09-04T19:30:35Z SM7 6218 [[Special:Contributions/SM7|SM7]] ([[User talk:SM7|वार्ता]]) द्वारा किए गए बदलाव [[Special:Diff/488085|488085]] को पूर्ववत किया 488086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat|भारत|बांग्लादेश|भूटान}} ech6ycj46nl9kn4f07llbv0xv77jl9r 828 302122 488031 487603 2026-09-04T13:37:19Z SM7 6218 adds भाषा to make full name 488031 Scribunto text/plain --[==[ intro: This module implements fetching of language-specific information and processing text in a given language. ===Types of languages=== There are two types of languages: full languages and etymology-only languages. The essential difference is that only full languages appear in L2 headings in vocabulary entries, and hence categories like [[:Category:French nouns]] exist only for full languages. Etymology-only languages have either a full language or another etymology-only language as their parent (in the parent-child inheritance sense), and for etymology-only languages with another etymology-only language as their parent, a full language can always be derived by following the parent links upwards. For example, "Canadian French", code `fr-CA`, is an etymology-only language whose parent is the full language "French", code `fr`. An example of an etymology-only language with another etymology-only parent is "Northumbrian Old English", code `ang-nor`, which has "Anglian Old English", code `ang-ang` as its parent; this is an etymology-only language whose parent is "Old English", code `ang`, which is a full language. (This is because Northumbrian Old English is considered a variety of Anglian Old English.) Sometimes the parent is the "Undetermined" language, code `und`; this is the case, for example, for "substrate" languages such as "Pre-Greek", code `qsb-grc`, and "the BMAC substrate", code `qsb-bma`. It is important to distinguish language ''parents'' from language ''ancestors''. The parent-child relationship is one of containment, i.e. if X is a child of Y, X is considered a variety of Y. On the other hand, the ancestor-descendant relationship is one of descent in time. For example, "Classical Latin", code `la-cla`, and "Late Latin", code `la-lat`, are both etymology-only languages with "Latin", code `la`, as their parents, because both of the former are varieties of Latin. However, Late Latin does *NOT* have Classical Latin as its parent because Late Latin is *not* a variety of Classical Latin; rather, it is a descendant. There is in fact a separate `ancestors` field that is used to express the ancestor-descendant relationship, and Late Latin's ancestor is given as Classical Latin. It is also important to note that sometimes an etymology-only language is actually the conceptual ancestor of its parent language. This happens, for example, with "Old Italian" (code `roa-oit`), which is an etymology-only variant of full language "Italian" (code `it`), and with "Old Latin" (code `itc-ola`), which is an etymology-only variant of Latin. In both cases, the full language has the etymology-only variant listed as an ancestor. This allows a Latin term to inherit from Old Latin using the {{tl|inh}} template (where in this template, "inheritance" refers to ancestral inheritance, i.e. inheritance in time, rather than in the parent-child sense); likewise for Italian and Old Italian. Full languages come in three subtypes: * {regular}: This indicates a full language that is attested according to [[WT:CFI]] and therefore permitted in the main namespace. There may also be reconstructed terms for the language, which are placed in the {Reconstruction} namespace and must be prefixed with * to indicate a reconstruction. Most full languages are natural (not constructed) languages, but a few constructed languages (e.g. Esperanto and Volapük, among others) are also allowed in the mainspace and considered regular languages. * {reconstructed}: This language is not attested according to [[WT:CFI]], and therefore is allowed only in the {Reconstruction} namespace. All terms in this language are reconstructed, and must be prefixed with *. Languages such as Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Germanic are in this category. * {appendix-constructed}: This language is attested but does not meet the additional requirements set out for constructed languages ([[WT:CFI#Constructed languages]]). Its entries must therefore be in the Appendix namespace, but they are not reconstructed and therefore should not have * prefixed in links. Most constructed languages are of this subtype. Both full languages and etymology-only languages have a {Language} object associated with them, which is fetched using the {getByCode} function in [[Module:languages]] to convert a language code to a {Language} object. Depending on the options supplied to this function, etymology-only languages may or may not be accepted, and family codes may be accepted (returning a {Family} object as described in [[Module:families]]). There are also separate {getByCanonicalName} functions in [[Module:languages]] and [[Module:etymology languages]] to convert a language's canonical name to a {Language} object (depending on whether the canonical name refers to a full or etymology-only language). ===Textual representations=== Textual strings belonging to a given language come in several different ''text variants'': # The ''input text'' is what the user supplies in wikitext, in the parameters to {{tl|m}}, {{tl|l}}, {{tl|ux}}, {{tl|t}}, {{tl|lang}} and the like. # The ''corrected input text'' is the input text with some corrections and/or normalizations applied, such as bad-character replacements for certain languages, like replacing `l` or `1` to [[palochka]] in some languages written in Cyrillic. (FIXME: This currently goes under the name ''display text'' but that will be repurposed below. Also, [[User:Surjection]] suggests renaming this to ''normalized input text'', but "normalized" is used in a different sense in [[Module:usex]].) # The ''display text'' is the text in the form as it will be displayed to the user. This is what appears in headwords, in usexes, in displayed internal links, etc. This can include accent marks that are removed to form the stripped display text (see below), as well as embedded bracketed links that are variously processed further. The display text is generated from the corrected input text by applying language-specific transformations; for most languages, there will be no such transformations. The general reason for having a difference between input and display text is to allow for extra information in the input text that is not displayed to the user but is sent to the transliteration module. Note that having different display and input text is only supported currently through special-casing but will be generalized. Examples of transformations are: (1) Removing the {{cd|^}} that is used in certain East Asian (and possibly other unicameral) languages to indicate capitalization of the transliteration (which is currently special-cased); (2) for Korean, removing or otherwise processing hyphens (which is currently special-cased); (3) for Arabic, removing a ''sukūn'' diacritic placed over a ''tāʔ marbūṭa'' (like this: ةْ) to indicate that the ''tāʔ marbūṭa'' is pronounced and transliterated as /t/ instead of being silent [NOTE, NOT IMPLEMENTED YET]; (4) for Thai and Khmer, converting space-separated words to bracketed words and resolving respelling substitutions such as `[กรีน/กฺรีน]`, which indicate how to transliterate given words [NOTE, NOT IMPLEMENTED YET except in language-specific templates like {{tl|th-usex}}]. ## The ''right-resolved display text'' is the result of removing brackets around one-part embedded links and resolving two-part embedded links into their right-hand components (i.e. converting two-part links into the displayed form). The process of right-resolution is what happens when you call {{cd|remove_links()}} in [[Module:links]] on some text. When applied to the display text, it produces exactly what the user sees, without any link markup. # The ''stripped display text'' is the result of applying diacritic-stripping to the display text. ## The ''left-resolved stripped display text'' [NEED BETTER NAME] is the result of applying left-resolution to the stripped display text, i.e. similar to right-resolution but resolving two-part embedded links into their left-hand components (i.e. the linked-to page). If the display text refers to a single page, the resulting of applying diacritic stripping and left-resolution produces the ''logical pagename''. # The ''physical pagename text'' is the result of converting the stripped display text into physical page links. If the stripped display text contains embedded links, the left side of those links is converted into physical page links; otherwise, the entire text is considered a pagename and converted in the same fashion. The conversion does three things: (1) converts characters not allowed in pagenames into their "unsupported title" representation, e.g. {{cd|Unsupported titles/`gt`}} in place of the logical name {{cd|>}}; (2) handles certain special-cased unsupported-title logical pagenames, such as {{cd|Unsupported titles/Space}} in place of {{cd|[space]}} and {{cd|Unsupported titles/Ancient Greek dish}} in place of a very long Greek name for a gourmet dish as found in Aristophanes; (3) converts "mammoth" pagenames such as [[a]] into their appropriate split component, e.g. [[a/languages A to L]]. # The ''source translit text'' is the text as supplied to the language-specific {{cd|transliterate()}} method. The form of the source translit text may need to be language-specific, e.g Thai and Khmer will need the corrected input text, whereas other languages may need to work off the display text. [FIXME: It's still unclear to me how embedded bracketed links are handled in the existing code.] In general, embedded links need to be right-resolved (see above), but when this happens is unclear to me [FIXME]. Some languages have a chop-up-and-paste-together scheme that sends parts of the text through the transliterate mechanism, and for others (those listed with "cont" in {{cd|substitution}} in [[Module:languages/data]]) they receive the full input text, but preprocessed in certain ways. (The wisdom of this is still unclear to me.) # The ''transliterated text'' (or ''transliteration'') is the result of transliterating the source translit text. Unlike for all the other text variants except the transcribed text, it is always in the Latin script. # The ''transcribed text'' (or ''transcription'') is the result of transcribing the source translit text, where "transcription" here means a close approximation to the phonetic form of the language in languages (e.g. Akkadian, Sumerian, Ancient Egyptian, maybe Tibetan) that have a wide difference between the written letters and spoken form. Unlike for all the other text variants other than the transliterated text, it is always in the Latin script. Currently, the transcribed text is always supplied manually be the user; there is no such thing as a {{cd|transcribe()}} method on language objects. # The ''sort key'' is the text used in sort keys for determining the placing of pages in categories they belong to. The sort key is generated from the pagename or a specified ''sort base'' by lowercasing, doing language-specific transformations and then uppercasing the result. If the sort base is supplied and is generated from input text, it needs to be converted to display text, have embedded links removed through right-resolution and have diacritic-stripping applied. # There are other text variants that occur in usexes (specifically, there are normalized variants of several of the above text variants), but we can skip them for now. The following methods exist on {Language} objects to convert between different text variants: # {correctInputText} (currently called {makeDisplayText}): This converts input text to corrected input text. # {stripDiacritics}: This converts to stripped display text. [FIXME: This needs some rethinking. In particular, {stripDiacritics} is sometimes called on input text, corrected input text or display text (in various paths inside of [[Module:links]], and, in the case of input text, usually from other modules). We need to make sure we don't try to convert input text to display text twice, but at the same time we need to support calling it directly on input text since so many modules do this. This means we need to add a parameter indicating whether the passed-in text is input, corrected input, or display text; if the former two, we call {correctInputText} ourselves.] # {logicalToPhysical}: This converts logical pagenames to physical pagenames. # {transliterate}: This appears to convert input text with embedded brackets removed into a transliteration. [FIXME: This needs some rethinking. In particular, it calls {processDisplayText} on its input, which won't work for Thai and Khmer, so we may need language-specific flags indicating whether to pass the input text directly to the language transliterate method. In addition, I'm not sure how embedded links are handled in the existing translit code; a lot of callers remove the links themselves before calling {transliterate()}, which I assume is wrong.] # {makeSortKey}: This converts display text (?) to a sort key. [FIXME: Clarify this.] ]==] local export = {} local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local etymology_languages_data_module = "Module:etymology languages/data" local families_module = "Module:families" local headword_page_module = "Module:headword/page" local json_module = "Module:JSON" local language_like_module = "Module:language-like" local languages_data_module = "Module:languages/data" local languages_data_patterns_module = "Module:languages/data/patterns" local links_data_module = "Module:links/data" local load_module = "Module:load" local scripts_module = "Module:scripts" local scripts_data_module = "Module:scripts/data" local string_encode_entities_module = "Module:string/encode entities" local string_pattern_escape_module = "Module:string/patternEscape" local string_replacement_escape_module = "Module:string/replacementEscape" local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities" local table_module = "Module:table" local utilities_module = "Module:utilities" local wikimedia_languages_module = "Module:wikimedia languages" local mw = mw local string = string local table = table local char = string.char local concat = table.concat local find = string.find local floor = math.floor local get_by_code -- Defined below. local get_data_module_name -- Defined below. local get_extra_data_module_name -- Defined below. local getmetatable = getmetatable local gmatch = string.gmatch local gsub = string.gsub local insert = table.insert local ipairs = ipairs local is_known_language_tag = mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag local make_object -- Defined below. local match = string.match local next = next local pairs = pairs local remove = table.remove local require = require local select = select local setmetatable = setmetatable local sub = string.sub local type = type local unstrip = mw.text.unstrip -- Loaded as needed by findBestScript. local Hans_chars local Hant_chars local function check_object(...) check_object = require(utilities_module).check_object return check_object(...) end local function debug_track(...) debug_track = require(debug_track_module) return debug_track(...) end local function decode_entities(...) decode_entities = require(string_utilities_module).decode_entities return decode_entities(...) end local function decode_uri(...) decode_uri = require(string_utilities_module).decode_uri return decode_uri(...) end local function deep_copy(...) deep_copy = require(table_module).deepCopy return deep_copy(...) end local function encode_entities(...) encode_entities = require(string_encode_entities_module) return encode_entities(...) end local function get_L2_sort_key(...) get_L2_sort_key = require(headword_page_module).get_L2_sort_key return get_L2_sort_key(...) end local function get_script(...) get_script = require(scripts_module).getByCode return get_script(...) end local function find_best_script_without_lang(...) find_best_script_without_lang = require(scripts_module).findBestScriptWithoutLang return find_best_script_without_lang(...) end local function get_family(...) get_family = require(families_module).getByCode return get_family(...) end local function get_plaintext(...) get_plaintext = require(utilities_module).get_plaintext return get_plaintext(...) end local function get_wikimedia_lang(...) get_wikimedia_lang = require(wikimedia_languages_module).getByCode return get_wikimedia_lang(...) end local function keys_to_list(...) keys_to_list = require(table_module).keysToList return keys_to_list(...) end local function list_to_set(...) list_to_set = require(table_module).listToSet return list_to_set(...) end local function load_data(...) load_data = require(load_module).load_data return load_data(...) end local function make_family_object(...) make_family_object = require(families_module).makeObject return make_family_object(...) end local function pattern_escape(...) pattern_escape = require(string_pattern_escape_module) return pattern_escape(...) end local function replacement_escape(...) replacement_escape = require(string_replacement_escape_module) return replacement_escape(...) end local function safe_require(...) safe_require = require(load_module).safe_require return safe_require(...) end local function shallow_copy(...) shallow_copy = require(table_module).shallowCopy return shallow_copy(...) end local function split(...) split = require(string_utilities_module).split return split(...) end local function to_json(...) to_json = require(json_module).toJSON return to_json(...) end local function u(...) u = require(string_utilities_module).char return u(...) end local function ugsub(...) ugsub = require(string_utilities_module).gsub return ugsub(...) end local function ulen(...) ulen = require(string_utilities_module).len return ulen(...) end local function ulower(...) ulower = require(string_utilities_module).lower return ulower(...) end local function umatch(...) umatch = require(string_utilities_module).match return umatch(...) end local function uupper(...) uupper = require(string_utilities_module).upper return uupper(...) end local function track(page) debug_track("languages/" .. page) return true end local function normalize_code(code) return load_data(languages_data_module).aliases[code] or code end local function check_inputs(self, check, default, ...) local n = select("#", ...) if n == 0 then return false end local ret = check(self, (...)) if ret ~= nil then return ret elseif n > 1 then local inputs = {...} for i = 2, n do ret = check(self, inputs[i]) if ret ~= nil then return ret end end end return default end local function make_link(self, target, display) local prefix, main if self:getFamilyCode() == "qfa-sub" then prefix, main = display:match("^(the )(.*)") if not prefix then prefix, main = display:match("^(a )(.*)") end end return (prefix or "") .. "[[" .. target .. "|" .. (main or display) .. "]]" end -- Convert risky characters to HTML entities, which minimizes interference once returned (e.g. for "sms:a", "<!-- -->" etc.). local function escape_risky_characters(text) -- Spacing characters in isolation generally need to be escaped in order to be properly processed by the MediaWiki software. if umatch(text, "^%s*$") then return encode_entities(text, text) end return encode_entities(text, "!#%&*+/:;<=>?@[\\]_{|}") end -- Temporarily convert various formatting characters to PUA to prevent them from being disrupted by the substitution process. local function doTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars, keepCarets, noTrim) -- Clone so that we don't insert any extra patterns into the table in package.loaded. For some reason, using require seems to keep memory use down; probably because the table is always cloned. local patterns = shallow_copy(require(languages_data_patterns_module)) if keepCarets then insert(patterns, "((\\+)%^)") insert(patterns, "((%^))") end -- Ensure any whitespace at the beginning and end is temp substituted, to prevent it from being accidentally trimmed. We only want to trim any final spaces added during the substitution process (e.g. by a module), which means we only do this during the first round of temp substitutions. if not noTrim then insert(patterns, "^([\128-\191\244]*(%s+))") insert(patterns, "((%s+)[\128-\191\244]*)$") end -- Pre-substitution, of "[[" and "]]", which makes pattern matching more accurate. text = gsub(text, "%f[%[]%[%[", "\1"):gsub("%f[%]]%]%]", "\2") local i = #subbedChars for _, pattern in ipairs(patterns) do -- Patterns ending in \0 stand are for things like "[[" or "]]"), so the inserted PUA are treated as breaks between terms by modules that scrape info from pages. local term_divider pattern = gsub(pattern, "%z$", function(divider) term_divider = divider == "\0" return "" end) text = gsub(text, pattern, function(...) local m = {...} local m1New = m[1] for k = 2, #m do local n = i + k - 1 subbedChars[n] = m[k] local byte2 = floor(n / 4096) % 64 + (term_divider and 128 or 136) local byte3 = floor(n / 64) % 64 + 128 local byte4 = n % 64 + 128 m1New = gsub(m1New, pattern_escape(m[k]), "\244" .. char(byte2) .. char(byte3) .. char(byte4), 1) end i = i + #m - 1 return m1New end) end text = gsub(text, "\1", "%[%["):gsub("\2", "%]%]") return text, subbedChars end -- Reinsert any formatting that was temporarily substituted. local function undoTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars) for i = 1, #subbedChars do local byte2 = floor(i / 4096) % 64 + 128 local byte3 = floor(i / 64) % 64 + 128 local byte4 = i % 64 + 128 text = gsub(text, "\244[" .. char(byte2) .. char(byte2+8) .. "]" .. char(byte3) .. char(byte4), replacement_escape(subbedChars[i])) end text = gsub(text, "\1", "%[%["):gsub("\2", "%]%]") return text end -- Check if the raw text is an unsupported title, and if so return that. Otherwise, remove HTML entities. We do the pre-conversion to avoid loading the unsupported title list unnecessarily. local function checkNoEntities(self, text) local textNoEnc = decode_entities(text) if textNoEnc ~= text and load_data(links_data_module).unsupported_titles[text] then return text else return textNoEnc end end -- If no script object is provided (or if it's invalid or None), get one. local function checkScript(text, self, sc) if not check_object("script", true, sc) or sc:getCode() == "None" then return self:findBestScript(text) end return sc end local function normalize(text, sc) text = sc:fixDiscouragedSequences(text) return sc:toFixedNFD(text) end -- Subfunction of iterateSectionSubstitutions(). Process an individual chunk of text according to the specifications in -- `substitution_data`. The input parameters are all as in the documentation of iterateSectionSubstitutions() except for -- `recursed`, which is set to true if we called ourselves recursively to process a script-specific setting or -- script-wide fallback. Returns two values: the processed text and the actual substitution data used to do the -- substitutions (same as the `actual_substitution_data` return value to iterateSectionSubstitutions()). local function doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, substitution_data, data_field, function_name, recursed) -- BE CAREFUL in this function because the value at any level can be `false`, which causes no processing to be done -- and blocks any further fallback processing. local actual_substitution_data = substitution_data -- If there are language-specific substitutes given in the data module, use those. if type(substitution_data) == "table" then -- If a script is specified, run this function with the script-specific data before continuing. local sc_code = sc:getCode() local has_substitution_data = false if substitution_data[sc_code] ~= nil then has_substitution_data = true if substitution_data[sc_code] then text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, substitution_data[sc_code], data_field, function_name, true) end -- Hant, Hans and Hani are usually treated the same, so add a special case to avoid having to specify each one -- separately. elseif sc_code:match("^Han") and substitution_data.Hani ~= nil then has_substitution_data = true if substitution_data.Hani then text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, substitution_data.Hani, data_field, function_name, true) end -- Substitution data with key 1 in the outer table may be given as a fallback. elseif substitution_data[1] ~= nil then has_substitution_data = true if substitution_data[1] then text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, substitution_data[1], data_field, function_name, true) end end -- Iterate over all strings in the "from" subtable, and gsub with the corresponding string in "to". We work with -- the NFD decomposed forms, as this simplifies many substitutions. if substitution_data.from then has_substitution_data = true for i, from in ipairs(substitution_data.from) do -- Normalize each loop, to ensure multi-stage substitutions work correctly. text = sc:toFixedNFD(text) text = ugsub(text, sc:toFixedNFD(from), substitution_data.to[i] or "") end end if substitution_data.remove_diacritics then has_substitution_data = true text = sc:toFixedNFD(text) -- Convert exceptions to PUA. local remove_exceptions, substitutes = substitution_data.remove_exceptions if remove_exceptions then substitutes = {} local i = 0 for _, exception in ipairs(remove_exceptions) do exception = sc:toFixedNFD(exception) text = ugsub(text, exception, function(m) i = i + 1 local subst = u(0x80000 + i) substitutes[subst] = m return subst end) end end -- Strip diacritics. text = ugsub(text, "[" .. substitution_data.remove_diacritics .. "]", "") -- Convert exceptions back. if remove_exceptions then text = text:gsub("\242[\128-\191]*", substitutes) end end if not has_substitution_data and sc._data[data_field] then -- If language-specific sort key (etc.) is nil, fall back to script-wide sort key (etc.). text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, sc._data[data_field], data_field, function_name, true) end elseif type(substitution_data) == "string" then -- If there is a dedicated function module, use that. local module = safe_require("Module:" .. substitution_data) if module then -- TODO: translit functions should take objects, not codes. -- TODO: translit functions should be called with form NFD. if function_name == "tr" then if not module[function_name] then error(("Internal error: Module [[%s]] has no function named 'tr'"):format(substitution_data)) end text = module[function_name](text, self._code, sc:getCode()) elseif function_name == "stripDiacritics" then -- FIXME, get rid of this arm after renaming makeEntryName -> stripDiacritics. if module[function_name] then text = module[function_name](sc:toFixedNFD(text), self, sc) elseif module.makeEntryName then text = module.makeEntryName(sc:toFixedNFD(text), self, sc) else error(("Internal error: Module [[%s]] has no function named 'stripDiacritics' or 'makeEntryName'" ):format(substitution_data)) end else if not module[function_name] then error(("Internal error: Module [[%s]] has no function named '%s'"):format( substitution_data, function_name)) end text = module[function_name](sc:toFixedNFD(text), self, sc) end else error("Substitution data '" .. substitution_data .. "' does not match an existing module.") end elseif substitution_data == nil and sc._data[data_field] then -- If language-specific sort key (etc.) is nil, fall back to script-wide sort key (etc.). text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, sc._data[data_field], data_field, function_name, true) end -- Don't normalize to NFC if this is the inner loop or if a module returned nil. if recursed or not text then return text, actual_substitution_data end -- Fix any discouraged sequences created during the substitution process, and normalize into the final form. return sc:toFixedNFC(sc:fixDiscouragedSequences(text)), actual_substitution_data end -- Split the text into sections, based on the presence of temporarily substituted formatting characters, then iterate -- over each section to apply substitutions (e.g. transliteration or diacritic stripping). This avoids putting PUA -- characters through language-specific modules, which may be unequipped for them. This function is passed the following -- values: -- * `self` (the Language object); -- * `text` (the text to process); -- * `sc` (the script of the text, which must be specified; callers should call checkScript() as needed to autodetect the -- script of the text if not given explicitly by the user); -- * `subbedChars` (an array of the same length as the text, indicating which characters have been substituted and by -- what, or {nil} if no substitutions are to happen); -- * `keepCarets` (DOCUMENT ME); -- * `substitution_data` (the data indicating which substitutions to apply, taken directly from `data_field` in the -- language's data structure in a submodule of [[Module:languages/data]]); -- * `data_field` (the data field from which `substitution_data` was fetched, such as "sort_key" or "strip_diacritics"); -- * `function_name` (the name of the function to call to do the substitution, in case `substitution_data` specifies a -- module to do the substitution); -- * `notrim` (don't trim whitespace at the edges of `text`; set when computing the sort key, because whitespace at the -- beginning of a sort key is significant and causes the resulting page to be sorted at the beginning of the category -- it's in). -- Returns three values: -- (1) the processed text; -- (2) the value of `subbedChars` that was passed in, possibly modified with additional character substitutions; will be -- {nil} if {nil} was passed in; -- (3) the actual substitution data that was used to apply substitutions to `text`; this may be different from the value -- of `substitution_data` passed in if that value recursively specified script-specific substitutions or if no -- substitution data could be found in the language-specific data (e.g. {nil} was passed in or a structure was passed -- in that had no setting for the script given in `sc`), but a script-wide fallback value was set; currently it is -- only used by makeSortKey(). local function iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, subbedChars, keepCarets, substitution_data, data_field, function_name, notrim) local sections -- See [[Module:languages/data]]. if not find(text, "\244") or load_data(languages_data_module).substitution[self._code] == "cont" then sections = {text} else sections = split(text, "\244[\128-\143][\128-\191]*", true) end local actual_substitution_data for _, section in ipairs(sections) do -- Don't bother processing empty strings or whitespace (which may also not be handled well by dedicated -- modules). if gsub(section, "%s+", "") ~= "" then local sub, this_actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, section, sc, substitution_data, data_field, function_name) actual_substitution_data = this_actual_substitution_data -- Second round of temporary substitutions, in case any formatting was added by the main substitution -- process. However, don't do this if the section contains formatting already (as it would have had to have -- been escaped to reach this stage, and therefore should be given as raw text). if sub and subbedChars then local noSub for _, pattern in ipairs(require(languages_data_patterns_module)) do if match(section, pattern .. "%z?") then noSub = true end end if not noSub then sub, subbedChars = doTempSubstitutions(sub, subbedChars, keepCarets, true) end end if not sub then text = sub break end text = sub and gsub(text, pattern_escape(section), replacement_escape(sub), 1) or text end end if not notrim then -- Trim, unless there are only spacing characters, while ignoring any final formatting characters. -- Do not trim sort keys because spaces at the beginning are significant. text = text and text:gsub("^([\128-\191\244]*)%s+(%S)", "%1%2"):gsub("(%S)%s+([\128-\191\244]*)$", "%1%2") or nil end return text, subbedChars, actual_substitution_data end -- Process carets (and any escapes). Default to simple removal, if no pattern/replacement is given. local function processCarets(text, pattern, repl) local rep repeat text, rep = gsub(text, "\\\\(\\*^)", "\3%1") until rep == 0 return (text:gsub("\\^", "\4") :gsub(pattern or "%^", repl or "") :gsub("\3", "\\") :gsub("\4", "^")) end -- Remove carets if they are used to capitalize parts of transliterations (unless they have been escaped). local function removeCarets(text, sc) if not sc:hasCapitalization() and sc:isTransliterated() and text:find("^", 1, true) then return processCarets(text) else return text end end local Language = {} --[==[Returns the language code of the language. Example: {{code|lua|"fr"}} for French.]==] function Language:getCode() return self._code end --[==[Returns the canonical name of the language. This is the name used to represent that language on Wiktionary, and is guaranteed to be unique to that language alone. Example: {{code|lua|"French"}} for French.]==] function Language:getCanonicalName() local name = self._name if name == nil then name = self._data[1] self._name = name end return name end --[==[ Return the display form of the language. The display form of a language, family or script is the form it takes when appearing as the <code><var>source</var></code> in categories such as <code>English terms derived from <var>source</var></code> or <code>English given names from <var>source</var></code>, and is also the displayed text in {makeCategoryLink()} links. For full and etymology-only languages, this is the same as the canonical name, but for families, it reads <code>"<var>name</var> languages"</code> (e.g. {"Indo-Iranian languages"}), and for scripts, it reads <code>"<var>name</var> script"</code> (e.g. {"Arabic script"}). ]==] function Language:getDisplayForm() local form = self._displayForm if form == nil then form = self:getCanonicalName() -- Add article and " substrate" to substrates that lack them. if self:getFamilyCode() == "qfa-sub" then if not (sub(form, 1, 4) == "the " or sub(form, 1, 2) == "a ") then form = "a " .. form end if not match(form, " [Ss]ubstrate") then form = form .. " substrate" end end self._displayForm = form end return form end --[==[Returns the value which should be used in the HTML lang= attribute for tagged text in the language.]==] function Language:getHTMLAttribute(sc, region) local code = self._code if not find(code, "-", 1, true) then return code .. "-" .. sc:getCode() .. (region and "-" .. region or "") end local parent = self:getParent() region = region or match(code, "%f[%u][%u-]+%f[%U]") if parent then return parent:getHTMLAttribute(sc, region) end -- TODO: ISO family codes can also be used. return "mis-" .. sc:getCode() .. (region and "-" .. region or "") end --[==[Returns a table of the aliases that the language is known by, excluding the canonical name. Aliases are synonyms for the language in question. The names are not guaranteed to be unique, in that sometimes more than one language is known by the same name. Example: {{code|lua|{"High German", "New High German", "Deutsch"} }} for [[:Category:German language|German]].]==] function Language:getAliases() self:loadInExtraData() return require(language_like_module).getAliases(self) end --[==[ Return a table of the known subvarieties of a given language, excluding subvarieties that have been given explicit etymology-only language codes. The names are not guaranteed to be unique, in that sometimes a given name refers to a subvariety of more than one language. Example: {{code|lua|{"Southern Aymara", "Central Aymara"} }} for [[:Category:Aymara language|Aymara]]. Note that the returned value can have nested tables in it, when a subvariety goes by more than one name. Example: {{code|lua|{"North Azerbaijani", "South Azerbaijani", {"Afshar", "Afshari", "Afshar Azerbaijani", "Afchar"}, {"Qashqa'i", "Qashqai", "Kashkay"}, "Sonqor"} }} for [[:Category:Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]. Here, for example, Afshar, Afshari, Afshar Azerbaijani and Afchar all refer to the same subvariety, whose preferred name is Afshar (the one listed first). To avoid a return value with nested tables in it, specify a non-{{code|lua|nil}} value for the <code>flatten</code> parameter; in that case, the return value would be {{code|lua|{"North Azerbaijani", "South Azerbaijani", "Afshar", "Afshari", "Afshar Azerbaijani", "Afchar", "Qashqa'i", "Qashqai", "Kashkay", "Sonqor"} }}. ]==] function Language:getVarieties(flatten) self:loadInExtraData() return require(language_like_module).getVarieties(self, flatten) end --[==[Returns a table of the "other names" that the language is known by, which are listed in the <code>otherNames</code> field. It should be noted that the <code>otherNames</code> field itself is deprecated, and entries listed there should eventually be moved to either <code>aliases</code> or <code>varieties</code>.]==] function Language:getOtherNames() -- To be eventually removed, once there are no more uses of the `otherNames` field. self:loadInExtraData() return require(language_like_module).getOtherNames(self) end --[==[ Return a combined table of the canonical name, aliases, varieties and other names of a given language.]==] function Language:getAllNames() self:loadInExtraData() return require(language_like_module).getAllNames(self) end --[==[Returns a table of types as a lookup table (with the types as keys). The possible types are * {language}: This is a language, either full or etymology-only. * {full}: This is a "full" (not etymology-only) language, i.e. the union of {regular}, {reconstructed} and {appendix-constructed}. Note that the types {full} and {etymology-only} also exist for families, so if you want to check specifically for a full language and you have an object that might be a family, you should use {{lua|hasType("language", "full")}} and not simply {{lua|hasType("full")}}. * {etymology-only}: This is an etymology-only (not full) language, whose parent is another etymology-only language or a full language. Note that the types {full} and {etymology-only} also exist for families, so if you want to check specifically for an etymology-only language and you have an object that might be a family, you should use {{lua|hasType("language", "etymology-only")}} and not simply {{lua|hasType("etymology-only")}}. * {regular}: This indicates a full language that is attested according to [[WT:CFI]] and therefore permitted in the main namespace. There may also be reconstructed terms for the language, which are placed in the {Reconstruction} namespace and must be prefixed with * to indicate a reconstruction. Most full languages are natural (not constructed) languages, but a few constructed languages (e.g. Esperanto and Volapük, among others) are also allowed in the mainspace and considered regular languages. * {reconstructed}: This language is not attested according to [[WT:CFI]], and therefore is allowed only in the {Reconstruction} namespace. All terms in this language are reconstructed, and must be prefixed with *. Languages such as Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Germanic are in this category. * {appendix-constructed}: This language is attested but does not meet the additional requirements set out for constructed languages ([[WT:CFI#Constructed languages]]). Its entries must therefore be in the Appendix namespace, but they are not reconstructed and therefore should not have * prefixed in links. ]==] function Language:getTypes() local types = self._types if types == nil then types = {language = true} if self:getFullCode() == self._code then types.full = true else types["etymology-only"] = true end for t in gmatch(self._data.type, "[^,]+") do types[t] = true end self._types = types end return types end --[==[Given a list of types as strings, returns true if the language has all of them.]==] function Language:hasType(...) Language.hasType = require(language_like_module).hasType return self:hasType(...) end --[==[Returns a table containing <code>WikimediaLanguage</code> objects (see [[Module:wikimedia languages]]), which represent languages and their codes as they are used in Wikimedia projects for interwiki linking and such. More than one object may be returned, as a single Wiktionary language may correspond to multiple Wikimedia languages. For example, Wiktionary's single code <code>sh</code> (Serbo-Croatian) maps to four Wikimedia codes: <code>sh</code> (Serbo-Croatian), <code>bs</code> (Bosnian), <code>hr</code> (Croatian) and <code>sr</code> (Serbian). The code for the Wikimedia language is retrieved from the <code>wikimedia_codes</code> property in the data modules. If that property is not present, the code of the current language is used. If none of the available codes is actually a valid Wikimedia code, an empty table is returned.]==] function Language:getWikimediaLanguages() local wm_langs = self._wikimediaLanguageObjects if wm_langs == nil then local codes = self:getWikimediaLanguageCodes() wm_langs = {} for i = 1, #codes do wm_langs[i] = get_wikimedia_lang(codes[i]) end self._wikimediaLanguageObjects = wm_langs end return wm_langs end function Language:getWikimediaLanguageCodes() local wm_langs = self._wikimediaLanguageCodes if wm_langs == nil then wm_langs = self._data.wikimedia_codes if wm_langs then wm_langs = split(wm_langs, ",", true, true) else local code = self._code if is_known_language_tag(code) then wm_langs = {code} else -- Inherit, but only if no codes are specified in the data *and* -- the language code isn't a valid Wikimedia language code. local parent = self:getParent() wm_langs = parent and parent:getWikimediaLanguageCodes() or {} end end self._wikimediaLanguageCodes = wm_langs end return wm_langs end --[==[ Returns the name of the Wikipedia article for the language. `project` specifies the language and project to retrieve the article from, defaulting to {"enwiki"} for the English Wikipedia. Normally if specified it should be the project code for a specific-language Wikipedia e.g. "zhwiki" for the Chinese Wikipedia, but it can be any project, including non-Wikipedia ones. If the project is the English Wikipedia and the property {wikipedia_article} is present in the data module it will be used first. In all other cases, a sitelink will be generated from {:getWikidataItem} (if set). The resulting value (or lack of value) is cached so that subsequent calls are fast. If no value could be determined, and `noCategoryFallback` is {false}, {:getCategoryName} is used as fallback; otherwise, {nil} is returned. Note that if `noCategoryFallback` is {nil} or omitted, it defaults to {false} if the project is the English Wikipedia, otherwise to {true}. In other words, under normal circumstances, if the English Wikipedia article couldn't be retrieved, the return value will fall back to a link to the language's category, but this won't normally happen for any other project. ]==] function Language:getWikipediaArticle(noCategoryFallback, project) Language.getWikipediaArticle = require(language_like_module).getWikipediaArticle return self:getWikipediaArticle(noCategoryFallback, project) end function Language:makeWikipediaLink() return make_link(self, "w:" .. self:getWikipediaArticle(), self:getCanonicalName()) end --[==[Returns the name of the Wikimedia Commons category page for the language.]==] function Language:getCommonsCategory() Language.getCommonsCategory = require(language_like_module).getCommonsCategory return self:getCommonsCategory() end --[==[Returns the Wikidata item id for the language or <code>nil</code>. This corresponds to the the second field in the data modules.]==] function Language:getWikidataItem() Language.getWikidataItem = require(language_like_module).getWikidataItem return self:getWikidataItem() end --[==[Returns a table of <code>Script</code> objects for all scripts that the language is written in. See [[Module:scripts]].]==] function Language:getScripts() local scripts = self._scriptObjects if scripts == nil then local codes = self:getScriptCodes() if codes[1] == "All" then scripts = load_data(scripts_data_module) else scripts = {} for i = 1, #codes do scripts[i] = get_script(codes[i]) end end self._scriptObjects = scripts end return scripts end --[==[Returns the table of script codes in the language's data file.]==] function Language:getScriptCodes() local scripts = self._scriptCodes if scripts == nil then scripts = self._data[4] if scripts then local codes, n = {}, 0 for code in gmatch(scripts, "[^,]+") do n = n + 1 -- Special handling of "Hants", which represents "Hani", "Hant" and "Hans" collectively. if code == "Hants" then codes[n] = "Hani" codes[n + 1] = "Hant" codes[n + 2] = "Hans" n = n + 2 else codes[n] = code end end scripts = codes else scripts = {"None"} end self._scriptCodes = scripts end return scripts end --[==[Given some text, this function iterates through the scripts of a given language and tries to find the script that best matches the text. It returns a {{code|lua|Script}} object representing the script. If no match is found at all, it returns the {{code|lua|None}} script object.]==] function Language:findBestScript(text, forceDetect) if not text or text == "" or text == "-" then return get_script("None") end -- Differs from table returned by getScriptCodes, as Hants is not normalized into its constituents. local codes = self._bestScriptCodes if codes == nil then codes = self._data[4] codes = codes and split(codes, ",", true, true) or {"None"} self._bestScriptCodes = codes end local first_sc = codes[1] if first_sc == "All" then return find_best_script_without_lang(text) end local codes_len = #codes if not (forceDetect or first_sc == "Hants" or codes_len > 1) then first_sc = get_script(first_sc) local charset = first_sc.characters return charset and umatch(text, "[" .. charset .. "]") and first_sc or get_script("None") end -- Remove all formatting characters. text = get_plaintext(text) -- Remove all spaces and any ASCII punctuation. Some non-ASCII punctuation is script-specific, so can't be removed. text = ugsub(text, "[%s!\"#%%&'()*,%-./:;?@[\\%]_{}]+", "") if #text == 0 then return get_script("None") end -- Try to match every script against the text, -- and return the one with the most matching characters. local bestcount, bestscript, length = 0 for i = 1, codes_len do local sc = codes[i] -- Special case for "Hants", which is a special code that represents whichever of "Hant" or "Hans" best matches, or "Hani" if they match equally. This avoids having to list all three. In addition, "Hants" will be treated as the best match if there is at least one matching character, under the assumption that a Han script is desirable in terms that contain a mix of Han and other scripts (not counting those which use Jpan or Kore). if sc == "Hants" then local Hani = get_script("Hani") if not Hant_chars then Hant_chars = load_data("Module:zh/data/ts") Hans_chars = load_data("Module:zh/data/st") end local t, s, found = 0, 0 -- This is faster than using mw.ustring.gmatch directly. for ch in gmatch((ugsub(text, "[" .. Hani.characters .. "]", "\255%0")), "\255(.[\128-\191]*)") do found = true if Hant_chars[ch] then t = t + 1 if Hans_chars[ch] then s = s + 1 end elseif Hans_chars[ch] then s = s + 1 else t, s = t + 1, s + 1 end end if found then if t == s then return Hani end return get_script(t > s and "Hant" or "Hans") end else sc = get_script(sc) if not length then length = ulen(text) end -- Count characters by removing everything in the script's charset and comparing to the original length. local charset = sc.characters local count = charset and length - ulen((ugsub(text, "[" .. charset .. "]+", ""))) or 0 if count >= length then return sc elseif count > bestcount then bestcount = count bestscript = sc end end end -- Return best matching script, or otherwise None. return bestscript or get_script("None") end --[==[Returns a <code>Family</code> object for the language family that the language belongs to. See [[Module:families]].]==] function Language:getFamily() local family = self._familyObject if family == nil then family = self:getFamilyCode() -- If the value is nil, it's cached as false. family = family and get_family(family) or false self._familyObject = family end return family or nil end --[==[Returns the family code in the language's data file.]==] function Language:getFamilyCode() local family = self._familyCode if family == nil then -- If the value is nil, it's cached as false. family = self._data[3] or false self._familyCode = family end return family or nil end function Language:getFamilyName() local family = self._familyName if family == nil then family = self:getFamily() -- If the value is nil, it's cached as false. family = family and family:getCanonicalName() or false self._familyName = family end return family or nil end do local function check_family(self, family) if type(family) == "table" then family = family:getCode() end if self:getFamilyCode() == family then return true end local self_family = self:getFamily() if self_family:inFamily(family) then return true -- If the family isn't a real family (e.g. creoles) check any ancestors. elseif self_family:inFamily("qfa-not") then local ancestors = self:getAncestors() for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do if ancestor:inFamily(family) then return true end end end end --[==[Check whether the language belongs to `family` (which can be a family code or object). A list of objects can be given in place of `family`; in that case, return true if the language belongs to any of the specified families. Note that some languages (in particular, certain creoles) can have multiple immediate ancestors potentially belonging to different families; in that case, return true if the language belongs to any of the specified families.]==] function Language:inFamily(...) if self:getFamilyCode() == nil then return false end return check_inputs(self, check_family, false, ...) end end function Language:getParent() local parent = self._parentObject if parent == nil then parent = self:getParentCode() -- If the value is nil, it's cached as false. parent = parent and get_by_code(parent, nil, true, true) or false self._parentObject = parent end return parent or nil end function Language:getParentCode() local parent = self._parentCode if parent == nil then -- If the value is nil, it's cached as false. parent = self._data.parent or false self._parentCode = parent end return parent or nil end function Language:getParentName() local parent = self._parentName if parent == nil then parent = self:getParent() -- If the value is nil, it's cached as false. parent = parent and parent:getCanonicalName() or false self._parentName = parent end return parent or nil end function Language:getParentChain() local chain = self._parentChain if chain == nil then chain = {} local parent, n = self:getParent(), 0 while parent do n = n + 1 chain[n] = parent parent = parent:getParent() end self._parentChain = chain end return chain end do local function check_lang(self, lang) for _, parent in ipairs(self:getParentChain()) do if (type(lang) == "string" and lang or lang:getCode()) == parent:getCode() then return true end end end function Language:hasParent(...) return check_inputs(self, check_lang, false, ...) end end --[==[ If the language is etymology-only, this iterates through parents until a full language or family is found, and the corresponding object is returned. If the language is a full language, then it simply returns itself. ]==] function Language:getFull() local full = self._fullObject if full == nil then full = self:getFullCode() full = full == self._code and self or get_by_code(full) self._fullObject = full end return full end --[==[ If the language is an etymology-only language, this iterates through parents until a full language or family is found, and the corresponding code is returned. If the language is a full language, then it simply returns the language code. ]==] function Language:getFullCode() return self._fullCode or self._code end --[==[ If the language is an etymology-only language, this iterates through parents until a full language or family is found, and the corresponding canonical name is returned. If the language is a full language, then it simply returns the canonical name of the language. ]==] function Language:getFullName() local full = self._fullName if full == nil then full = self:getFull():getCanonicalName() self._fullName = full end return full end --[==[Returns a table of <code class="nf">Language</code> objects for all languages that this language is directly descended from. Generally this is only a single language, but creoles, pidgins and mixed languages can have multiple ancestors.]==] function Language:getAncestors() local ancestors = self._ancestorObjects if ancestors == nil then ancestors = {} local ancestor_codes = self:getAncestorCodes() if #ancestor_codes > 0 then for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestor_codes) do insert(ancestors, get_by_code(ancestor, nil, true)) end else local fam = self:getFamily() local protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil -- For the cases where the current language is the proto-language -- of its family, or an etymology-only language that is ancestral to that -- proto-language, we need to step up a level higher right from the -- start. if protoLang and ( protoLang:getCode() == self._code or (self:hasType("etymology-only") and protoLang:hasAncestor(self)) ) then fam = fam:getFamily() protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil end while not protoLang and not (not fam or fam:getCode() == "qfa-not") do fam = fam:getFamily() protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil end insert(ancestors, protoLang) end self._ancestorObjects = ancestors end return ancestors end do -- Avoid a language being its own ancestor via class inheritance. We only need to check for this if the language has inherited an ancestor table from its parent, because we never want to drop ancestors that have been explicitly set in the data. -- Recursively iterate over ancestors until we either find self or run out. If self is found, return true. local function check_ancestor(self, lang) local codes = lang:getAncestorCodes() if not codes then return nil end for i = 1, #codes do local code = codes[i] if code == self._code then return true end local anc = get_by_code(code, nil, true) if check_ancestor(self, anc) then return true end end end --[==[Returns a table of <code class="nf">Language</code> codes for all languages that this language is directly descended from. Generally this is only a single language, but creoles, pidgins and mixed languages can have multiple ancestors.]==] function Language:getAncestorCodes() if self._ancestorCodes then return self._ancestorCodes end local data = self._data local codes = data.ancestors if codes == nil then codes = {} self._ancestorCodes = codes return codes end codes = split(codes, ",", true, true) self._ancestorCodes = codes -- If there are no codes or the ancestors weren't inherited data, there's nothing left to check. if #codes == 0 or self:getData(false, "raw").ancestors ~= nil then return codes end local i, code = 1 while i <= #codes do code = codes[i] if check_ancestor(self, self) then remove(codes, i) else i = i + 1 end end return codes end end --[==[Given a list of language objects or codes, returns true if at least one of them is an ancestor. This includes any etymology-only children of that ancestor. If the language's ancestor(s) are etymology-only languages, it will also return true for those language parent(s) (e.g. if Vulgar Latin is the ancestor, it will also return true for its parent, Latin). However, a parent is excluded from this if the ancestor is also ancestral to that parent (e.g. if Classical Persian is the ancestor, Persian would return false, because Classical Persian is also ancestral to Persian).]==] function Language:hasAncestor(...) local function iterateOverAncestorTree(node, func, parent_check) local ancestors = node:getAncestors() local ancestorsParents = {} for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do -- When checking the parents of the other language, and the ancestor is also a parent, skip to the next ancestor, so that we exclude any etymology-only children of that parent that are not directly related (see below). local ret = (parent_check or not node:hasParent(ancestor)) and func(ancestor) or iterateOverAncestorTree(ancestor, func, parent_check) if ret then return ret end end -- Check the parents of any ancestors. We don't do this if checking the parents of the other language, so that we exclude any etymology-only children of those parents that are not directly related (e.g. if the ancestor is Vulgar Latin and we are checking New Latin, we want it to return false because they are on different ancestral branches. As such, if we're already checking the parent of New Latin (Latin) we don't want to compare it to the parent of the ancestor (Latin), as this would be a false positive; it should be one or the other). if not parent_check then return nil end for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do local ancestorParents = ancestor:getParentChain() for _, ancestorParent in ipairs(ancestorParents) do if ancestorParent:getCode() == self._code or ancestorParent:hasAncestor(ancestor) then break else insert(ancestorsParents, ancestorParent) end end end for _, ancestorParent in ipairs(ancestorsParents) do local ret = func(ancestorParent) if ret then return ret end end end local function do_iteration(otherlang, parent_check) -- otherlang can't be self if (type(otherlang) == "string" and otherlang or otherlang:getCode()) == self._code then return false end repeat if iterateOverAncestorTree( self, function(ancestor) return ancestor:getCode() == (type(otherlang) == "string" and otherlang or otherlang:getCode()) end, parent_check ) then return true elseif type(otherlang) == "string" then otherlang = get_by_code(otherlang, nil, true) end otherlang = otherlang:getParent() parent_check = false until not otherlang end local parent_check = true for _, otherlang in ipairs{...} do local ret = do_iteration(otherlang, parent_check) if ret then return true end end return false end do local function construct_node(lang, memo) local branch, ancestors = {lang = lang:getCode()} memo[lang:getCode()] = branch for _, ancestor in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do if ancestors == nil then ancestors = {} end insert(ancestors, memo[ancestor:getCode()] or construct_node(ancestor, memo)) end branch.ancestors = ancestors return branch end function Language:getAncestorChain() local chain = self._ancestorChain if chain == nil then chain = construct_node(self, {}) self._ancestorChain = chain end return chain end end function Language:getAncestorChainOld() local chain = self._ancestorChain if chain == nil then chain = {} local step = self while true do local ancestors = step:getAncestors() step = #ancestors == 1 and ancestors[1] or nil if not step then break end insert(chain, step) end self._ancestorChain = chain end return chain end local function fetch_descendants(self, fmt) local descendants, family = {}, self:getFamily() -- Iterate over all three datasets. for _, data in ipairs{ require("Module:languages/code to canonical name"), require("Module:etymology languages/code to canonical name"), require("Module:families/code to canonical name"), } do for code in pairs(data) do local lang = get_by_code(code, nil, true, true) if not lang then error(("Internal error: code '%s' can't be fetched"):format(code)) end -- Test for a descendant. Earlier tests weed out most candidates, while the more intensive tests are only used sparingly. if ( code ~= self._code and -- Not self. lang:inFamily(family) and -- In the same family. ( family:getProtoLanguageCode() == self._code or -- Self is the protolanguage. self:hasDescendant(lang) or -- Full hasDescendant check. (lang:getFullCode() == self._code and not self:hasAncestor(lang)) -- Etymology-only child which isn't an ancestor. ) ) then if fmt == "object" then insert(descendants, lang) elseif fmt == "code" then insert(descendants, code) elseif fmt == "name" then insert(descendants, lang:getCanonicalName()) end end end end return descendants end function Language:getDescendants() local descendants = self._descendantObjects if descendants == nil then descendants = fetch_descendants(self, "object") self._descendantObjects = descendants end return descendants end function Language:getDescendantCodes() local descendants = self._descendantCodes if descendants == nil then descendants = fetch_descendants(self, "code") self._descendantCodes = descendants end return descendants end function Language:getDescendantNames() local descendants = self._descendantNames if descendants == nil then descendants = fetch_descendants(self, "name") self._descendantNames = descendants end return descendants end do local function check_lang(self, lang) if type(lang) == "string" then lang = get_by_code(lang, nil, true) end if lang:hasAncestor(self) then return true end end function Language:hasDescendant(...) return check_inputs(self, check_lang, false, ...) end end local function fetch_children(self, fmt) local m_etym_data = require(etymology_languages_data_module) local self_code, children = self._code, {} for code, lang in pairs(m_etym_data) do local _lang = lang repeat local parent = _lang.parent if parent == self_code then if fmt == "object" then insert(children, get_by_code(code, nil, true)) elseif fmt == "code" then insert(children, code) elseif fmt == "name" then insert(children, lang[1]) end break end _lang = m_etym_data[parent] until not _lang end return children end function Language:getChildren() local children = self._childObjects if children == nil then children = fetch_children(self, "object") self._childObjects = children end return children end function Language:getChildrenCodes() local children = self._childCodes if children == nil then children = fetch_children(self, "code") self._childCodes = children end return children end function Language:getChildrenNames() local children = self._childNames if children == nil then children = fetch_children(self, "name") self._childNames = children end return children end function Language:hasChild(...) local lang = ... if not lang then return false elseif type(lang) == "string" then lang = get_by_code(lang, nil, true) end if lang:hasParent(self) then return true end return self:hasChild(select(2, ...)) end --[==[Returns the name of the main category of that language. Example: {{code|lua|"French language"}} for French, whose category is at [[:Category:French language]]. Unless optional argument <code>nocap</code> is given, the language name at the beginning of the returned value will be capitalized. This capitalization is correct for category names, but not if the language name is lowercase and the returned value of this function is used in the middle of a sentence.]==] function Language:getCategoryName(nocap) local name = self._categoryName if name == nil then name = self:getCanonicalName() -- If a substrate, omit any leading article. if self:getFamilyCode() == "qfa-sub" then name = name:gsub("^the ", ""):gsub("^a ", "") end -- Only add " language" if a full language. if self:hasType("full") then -- Unless the canonical name already ends with "language", "lect" or their derivatives, add " language". if not (match(name, "[Ll]anguage$") or match(name, "[Ll]ect$")) then name = name .. " भाषा" end end self._categoryName = name end if nocap then return name end return mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(name) end --[==[Creates a link to the category; the link text is the canonical name.]==] function Language:makeCategoryLink() return make_link(self, ":Category:" .. self:getCategoryName(), self:getDisplayForm()) end function Language:getStandardCharacters(sc) local standard_chars = self._data.standard_chars if type(standard_chars) ~= "table" then return standard_chars elseif sc and type(sc) ~= "string" then check_object("script", nil, sc) sc = sc:getCode() end if (not sc) or sc == "None" then local scripts = {} for _, script in pairs(standard_chars) do insert(scripts, script) end return concat(scripts) end if standard_chars[sc] then return standard_chars[sc] .. (standard_chars[1] or "") end end --[==[ Strip diacritics from display text `text` (in a language-specific fashion), which is in the script `sc`. If `sc` is omitted or {nil}, the script is autodetected. This also strips certain punctuation characters from the end and (in the case of Spanish upside-down question mark and exclamation points) from the beginning; strips any whitespace at the end of the text or between the text and final stripped punctuation characters; and applies some language-specific Unicode normalizations to replace discouraged characters with their prescribed alternatives. Return the stripped text. ]==] function Language:stripDiacritics(text, sc) if (not text) or text == "" then return text end sc = checkScript(text, self, sc) text = normalize(text, sc) -- FIXME, rename makeEntryName to stripDiacritics and get rid of second and third return values -- everywhere text, _, _ = iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, nil, nil, self._data.strip_diacritics or self._data.entry_name, "strip_diacritics", "stripDiacritics") text = umatch(text, "^[¿¡]?(.-[^%s%p].-)%s*[؟?!;՛՜ ՞ ՟？！︖︕।॥။၊་།]?$") or text return text end --[==[ Convert a ''logical'' pagename (the pagename as it appears to the user, after diacritics and punctuation have been stripped) to a ''physical'' pagename (the pagename as it appears in the MediaWiki database). Reasons for a difference between the two are (a) unsupported titles such as `[ ]` (with square brackets in them), `#` (pound/hash sign) and `¯\_(ツ)_/¯` (with underscores), as well as overly long titles of various sorts; (b) "mammoth" pages that are split into parts (e.g. `a`, which is split into physical pagenames `a/languages A to L` and `a/languages M to Z`). For almost all purposes, you should work with logical and not physical pagenames. But there are certain use cases that require physical pagenames, such as checking the existence of a page or retrieving a page's contents. `pagename` is the logical pagename to be converted. `is_reconstructed_or_appendix` indicates whether the page is in the `Reconstruction` or `Appendix` namespaces. If it is omitted or has the value {nil}, the pagename is checked for an initial asterisk, and if found, the page is assumed to be a `Reconstruction` page. Setting a value of `false` or `true` to `is_reconstructed_or_appendix` disables this check and allows for mainspace pagenames that begin with an asterisk. ]==] function Language:logicalToPhysical(pagename, is_reconstructed_or_appendix) -- FIXME: This probably shouldn't happen but it happens when makeEntryName() receives nil. if pagename == nil then track("nil-passed-to-logicalToPhysical") return nil end local initial_asterisk if is_reconstructed_or_appendix == nil then local pagename_minus_initial_asterisk initial_asterisk, pagename_minus_initial_asterisk = pagename:match("^(%*)(.*)$") if pagename_minus_initial_asterisk then is_reconstructed_or_appendix = true pagename = pagename_minus_initial_asterisk elseif self:hasType("appendix-constructed") then is_reconstructed_or_appendix = true end end if not is_reconstructed_or_appendix then -- Check if the pagename is a listed unsupported title. local unsupportedTitles = load_data(links_data_module).unsupported_titles if unsupportedTitles[pagename] then return "Unsupported titles/" .. unsupportedTitles[pagename] end end -- Set `unsupported` as true if certain conditions are met. local unsupported -- Check if there's an unsupported character. \239\191\189 is the replacement character U+FFFD, which can't be typed -- directly here due to an abuse filter. Unix-style dot-slash notation is also unsupported, as it is used for -- relative paths in links, as are 3 or more consecutive tildes. Note: match is faster with magic -- characters/charsets; find is faster with plaintext. if ( match(pagename, "[#<>%[%]_{|}]") or find(pagename, "\239\191\189") or match(pagename, "%f[^%z/]%.%.?%f[%z/]") or find(pagename, "~~~") ) then unsupported = true -- If it looks like an interwiki link. elseif find(pagename, ":") then local prefix = gsub(pagename, "^:*(.-):.*", ulower) if ( load_data("Module:data/namespaces")[prefix] or load_data("Module:data/interwikis")[prefix] ) then unsupported = true end end -- Escape unsupported characters so they can be used in titles. ` is used as a delimiter for this, so a raw use of -- it in an unsupported title is also escaped here to prevent interference; this is only done with unsupported -- titles, though, so inclusion won't in itself mean a title is treated as unsupported (which is why it's excluded -- from the earlier test). if unsupported then -- FIXME: This conversion needs to be different for reconstructed pages with unsupported characters. There -- aren't any currently, but if there ever are, we need to fix this e.g. to put them in something like -- Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Unsupported titles/`lowbar``num`. local unsupported_characters = load_data(links_data_module).unsupported_characters pagename = pagename:gsub("[#<>%[%]_`{|}\239]\191?\189?", unsupported_characters) :gsub("%f[^%z/]%.%.?%f[%z/]", function(m) return (gsub(m, "%.", "`period`")) end) :gsub("~~~+", function(m) return (gsub(m, "~", "`tilde`")) end) pagename = "Unsupported titles/" .. pagename elseif not is_reconstructed_or_appendix then -- Check if this is a mammoth page. If so, which subpage should we link to? local m_links_data = load_data(links_data_module) local mammoth_page_type = m_links_data.mammoth_pages[pagename] if mammoth_page_type then local canonical_name = self:getFullName() if canonical_name ~= "Translingual" and canonical_name ~= "English" then local this_subpage local L2_sort_key = get_L2_sort_key(canonical_name) for _, subpage_spec in ipairs(m_links_data.mammoth_page_subpage_types[mammoth_page_type]) do -- unpack() fails utterly on data loaded using mw.loadData() even if offsets are given local subpage, pattern = subpage_spec[1], subpage_spec[2] if pattern == true or L2_sort_key:match(pattern) then this_subpage = subpage break end end if not this_subpage then error(("Internal error: Bad data in mammoth_page_subpage_pages in [[Module:links/data]] for mammoth page %s, type %s; last entry didn't have 'true' in it"):format( pagename, mammoth_page_type)) end pagename = pagename .. "/" .. this_subpage end end end return (initial_asterisk or "") .. pagename end --[==[ Strip the diacritics from a display pagename and convert the resulting logical pagename into a physical pagename. This allows you, for example, to retrieve the contents of the page or check its existence. WARNING: This is deprecated and will be going away. It is a simple composition of `self:stripDiacritics` and `self:logicalToPhysical`; most callers only want the former, and if you need both, call them both yourself. `text` and `sc` are as in `self:stripDiacritics`, and `is_reconstructed_or_appendix` is as in `self:logicalToPhysical`. ]==] function Language:makeEntryName(text, sc, is_reconstructed_or_appendix) return self:logicalToPhysical(self:stripDiacritics(text, sc), is_reconstructed_or_appendix) end --[==[Generates alternative forms using a specified method, and returns them as a table. If no method is specified, returns a table containing only the input term.]==] function Language:generateForms(text, sc) local generate_forms = self._data.generate_forms if generate_forms == nil then return {text} end sc = checkScript(text, self, sc) return require("Module:" .. self._data.generate_forms).generateForms(text, self, sc) end --[==[Creates a sort key for the given stripped text, following the rules appropriate for the language. This removes diacritical marks from the stripped text if they are not considered significant for sorting, and may perform some other changes. Any initial hyphen is also removed, and anything in parentheses is removed as well. The <code>sort_key</code> setting for each language in the data modules defines the replacements made by this function, or it gives the name of the module that takes the stripped text and returns a sortkey.]==] function Language:makeSortKey(text, sc) if (not text) or text == "" then return text end if match(text, "<[^<>]+>") then track("track HTML tag") end -- Remove directional characters, bold, italics, soft hyphens, strip markers and HTML tags. -- FIXME: Partly duplicated with remove_formatting() in [[Module:links]]. text = ugsub(text, "[\194\173\226\128\170-\226\128\174\226\129\166-\226\129\169]", "") text = text:gsub("('*)'''(.-'*)'''", "%1%2"):gsub("('*)''(.-'*)''", "%1%2") text = gsub(unstrip(text), "<[^<>]+>", "") text = decode_uri(text, "PATH") text = checkNoEntities(self, text) -- Remove initial hyphens and * unless the term only consists of spacing + punctuation characters. text = ugsub(text, "^([􀀀-􏿽]*)[-־ـ᠊*]+([􀀀-􏿽]*)(.*[^%s%p].*)", "%1%2%3") sc = checkScript(text, self, sc) text = normalize(text, sc) text = removeCarets(text, sc) -- For languages with dotted dotless i, ensure that "İ" is sorted as "i", and "I" is sorted as "ı". if self:hasDottedDotlessI() then text = gsub(text, "I\204\135", "i") -- decomposed "İ" :gsub("I", "ı") text = sc:toFixedNFD(text) end -- Convert to lowercase, make the sortkey, then convert to uppercase. Where the language has dotted dotless i, it is -- usually not necessary to convert "i" to "İ" and "ı" to "I" first, because "I" will always be interpreted as -- conventional "I" (not dotless "İ") by any sorting algorithms, which will have been taken into account by the -- sortkey substitutions themselves. However, if no sortkey substitutions have been specified, then conversion is -- necessary so as to prevent "i" and "ı" both being sorted as "I". -- -- An exception is made for scripts that (sometimes) sort by scraping page content, as that means they are sensitive -- to changes in capitalization (as it changes the target page). if not sc:sortByScraping() then text = ulower(text) end local actual_substitution_data -- Don't trim whitespace here because it's significant at the beginning of a sort key or sort base. text, _, actual_substitution_data = iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, nil, nil, self._data.sort_key, "sort_key", "makeSortKey", "notrim") if not sc:sortByScraping() then if self:hasDottedDotlessI() and not actual_substitution_data then text = text:gsub("ı", "I"):gsub("i", "İ") text = sc:toFixedNFC(text) end text = uupper(text) end -- Remove parentheses, as long as they are either preceded or followed by something. text = gsub(text, "(.)[()]+", "%1"):gsub("[()]+(.)", "%1") text = escape_risky_characters(text) return text end --[==[Create the form used as as a basis for display text and transliteration. FIXME: Rename to correctInputText().]==] local function processDisplayText(text, self, sc, keepCarets, keepPrefixes) local subbedChars = {} text, subbedChars = doTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars, keepCarets) text = decode_uri(text, "PATH") text = checkNoEntities(self, text) sc = checkScript(text, self, sc) text = normalize(text, sc) text, subbedChars = iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, subbedChars, keepCarets, self._data.display_text, "display_text", "makeDisplayText") text = removeCarets(text, sc) -- Remove any interwiki link prefixes (unless they have been escaped or this has been disabled). if find(text, ":") and not keepPrefixes then local rep repeat text, rep = gsub(text, "\\\\(\\*:)", "\3%1") until rep == 0 text = gsub(text, "\\:", "\4") while true do local prefix = gsub(text, "^(.-):.+", function(m1) return (gsub(m1, "\244[\128-\191]*", "")) end) -- Check if the prefix is an interwiki, though ignore capitalised Wiktionary:, which is a namespace. if not prefix or prefix == text or prefix == "Wiktionary" or not (load_data("Module:data/interwikis")[ulower(prefix)] or prefix == "") then break end text = gsub(text, "^(.-):(.*)", function(m1, m2) local ret = {} for subbedChar in gmatch(m1, "\244[\128-\191]*") do insert(ret, subbedChar) end return concat(ret) .. m2 end) end text = gsub(text, "\3", "\\"):gsub("\4", ":") end return text, subbedChars end --[==[Make the display text (i.e. what is displayed on the page).]==] function Language:makeDisplayText(text, sc, keepPrefixes) if not text or text == "" then return text end local subbedChars text, subbedChars = processDisplayText(text, self, sc, nil, keepPrefixes) text = escape_risky_characters(text) return undoTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars) end --[==[Transliterates the text from the given script into the Latin script (see [[Wiktionary:Transliteration and romanization]]). The language must have the <code>translit</code> property for this to work; if it is not present, {{code|lua|nil}} is returned. The <code>sc</code> parameter is handled by the transliteration module, and how it is handled is specific to that module. Some transliteration modules may tolerate {{code|lua|nil}} as the script, others require it to be one of the possible scripts that the module can transliterate, and will throw an error if it's not one of them. For this reason, the <code>sc</code> parameter should always be provided when writing non-language-specific code. The <code>module_override</code> parameter is used to override the default module that is used to provide the transliteration. This is useful in cases where you need to demonstrate a particular module in use, but there is no default module yet, or you want to demonstrate an alternative version of a transliteration module before making it official. It should not be used in real modules or templates, only for testing. All uses of this parameter are tracked by [[Wiktionary:Tracking/languages/module_override]]. '''Known bugs''': * This function assumes {tr(s1) .. tr(s2) == tr(s1 .. s2)}. When this assertion fails, wikitext markups like <nowiki>'''</nowiki> can cause wrong transliterations. * HTML entities like <code>&amp;apos;</code>, often used to escape wikitext markups, do not work. ]==] function Language:transliterate(text, sc, module_override) -- If there is no text, or the language doesn't have transliteration data and there's no override, return nil. if not text or text == "" or text == "-" then return text end -- If the script is not transliteratable (and no override is given), return nil. sc = checkScript(text, self, sc) if not (sc:isTransliterated() or module_override) then -- temporary tracking to see if/when this gets triggered track("non-transliterable") track("non-transliterable/" .. self._code) track("non-transliterable/" .. sc:getCode()) track("non-transliterable/" .. sc:getCode() .. "/" .. self._code) return nil end -- Remove any strip markers. text = unstrip(text) -- Do not process the formatting into PUA characters for certain languages. local processed = load_data(languages_data_module).substitution[self._code] ~= "none" -- Get the display text with the keepCarets flag set. local subbedChars if processed then text, subbedChars = processDisplayText(text, self, sc, true) end -- Transliterate (using the module override if applicable). text, subbedChars = iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, subbedChars, true, module_override or self._data.translit, "translit", "tr") if not text then return nil end -- Incomplete transliterations return nil. local charset = sc.characters if charset and umatch(text, "[" .. charset .. "]") then -- Remove any characters in Latin, which includes Latin characters also included in other scripts (as these are -- false positives), as well as any PUA substitutions. Anything remaining should only be script code "None" -- (e.g. numerals). local check_text = ugsub(text, "[" .. get_script("Latn").characters .. "􀀀-􏿽]+", "") -- Set none_is_last_resort_only flag, so that any non-None chars will cause a script other than "None" to be -- returned. if find_best_script_without_lang(check_text, true):getCode() ~= "None" then return nil end end if processed then text = escape_risky_characters(text) text = undoTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars) end -- If the script does not use capitalization, then capitalize any letters of the transliteration which are -- immediately preceded by a caret (and remove the caret). if text and not sc:hasCapitalization() and text:find("^", 1, true) then text = processCarets(text, "%^([\128-\191\244]*%*?)([^\128-\191\244][\128-\191]*)", function(m1, m2) return m1 .. uupper(m2) end) end -- Track module overrides. if module_override ~= nil then track("module_override") end return text end do local function handle_language_spec(self, spec, sc) local ret = self["_" .. spec] if ret == nil then ret = self._data[spec] if type(ret) == "string" then ret = list_to_set(split(ret, ",", true, true)) end self["_" .. spec] = ret end if type(ret) == "table" then ret = ret[sc:getCode()] end return not not ret end function Language:overrideManualTranslit(sc) return handle_language_spec(self, "override_translit", sc) end function Language:link_tr(sc) return handle_language_spec(self, "link_tr", sc) end end --[==[Returns {{code|lua|true}} if the language has a transliteration module, or {{code|lua|false}} if it doesn't.]==] function Language:hasTranslit() return not not self._data.translit end --[==[Returns {{code|lua|true}} if the language uses the letters I/ı and İ/i, or {{code|lua|false}} if it doesn't.]==] function Language:hasDottedDotlessI() return not not self._data.dotted_dotless_i end function Language:toJSON(opts) local strip_diacritics, strip_diacritics_patterns, strip_diacritics_remove_diacritics = self._data.strip_diacritics if strip_diacritics then if strip_diacritics.from then strip_diacritics_patterns = {} for i, from in ipairs(strip_diacritics.from) do insert(strip_diacritics_patterns, {from = from, to = strip_diacritics.to[i] or ""}) end end strip_diacritics_remove_diacritics = strip_diacritics.remove_diacritics end -- mainCode should only end up non-nil if dontCanonicalizeAliases is passed to make_object(). -- props should either contain zero-argument functions to compute the value, or the value itself. local props = { ancestors = function() return self:getAncestorCodes() end, canonicalName = function() return self:getCanonicalName() end, categoryName = function() return self:getCategoryName("nocap") end, code = self._code, mainCode = self._mainCode, parent = function() return self:getParentCode() end, full = function() return self:getFullCode() end, stripDiacriticsPatterns = strip_diacritics_patterns, stripDiacriticsRemoveDiacritics = strip_diacritics_remove_diacritics, family = function() return self:getFamilyCode() end, aliases = function() return self:getAliases() end, varieties = function() return self:getVarieties() end, otherNames = function() return self:getOtherNames() end, scripts = function() return self:getScriptCodes() end, type = function() return keys_to_list(self:getTypes()) end, wikimediaLanguages = function() return self:getWikimediaLanguageCodes() end, wikidataItem = function() return self:getWikidataItem() end, wikipediaArticle = function() return self:getWikipediaArticle(true) end, } local ret = {} for prop, val in pairs(props) do if not opts.skip_fields or not opts.skip_fields[prop] then if type(val) == "function" then ret[prop] = val() else ret[prop] = val end end end -- Use `deep_copy` when returning a table, so that there are no editing restrictions imposed by `mw.loadData`. return opts and opts.lua_table and deep_copy(ret) or to_json(ret, opts) end function export.getDataModuleName(code) local letter = match(code, "^(%l)%l%l?$") return "Module:" .. ( letter == nil and "languages/data/exceptional" or #code == 2 and "languages/data/2" or "languages/data/3/" .. letter ) end get_data_module_name = export.getDataModuleName function export.getExtraDataModuleName(code) return get_data_module_name(code) .. "/extra" end get_extra_data_module_name = export.getExtraDataModuleName do local function make_stack(data) local key_types = { [2] = "unique", aliases = "unique", otherNames = "unique", type = "append", varieties = "unique", wikipedia_article = "unique", wikimedia_codes = "unique" } local function __index(self, k) local stack, key_type = getmetatable(self), key_types[k] -- Data that isn't inherited from the parent. if key_type == "unique" then local v = stack[stack[make_stack]][k] if v == nil then local layer = stack[0] if layer then -- Could be false if there's no extra data. v = layer[k] end end return v -- Data that is appended by each generation. elseif key_type == "append" then local parts, offset, n = {}, 0, stack[make_stack] for i = 1, n do local part = stack[i][k] if part == nil then offset = offset + 1 else parts[i - offset] = part end end return offset ~= n and concat(parts, ",") or nil end local n = stack[make_stack] while true do local layer = stack[n] if not layer then -- Could be false if there's no extra data. return nil end local v = layer[k] if v ~= nil then return v end n = n - 1 end end local function __newindex() error("table is read-only") end local function __pairs(self) -- Iterate down the stack, caching keys to avoid duplicate returns. local stack, seen = getmetatable(self), {} local n = stack[make_stack] local iter, state, k, v = pairs(stack[n]) return function() repeat repeat k = iter(state, k) if k == nil then n = n - 1 local layer = stack[n] if not layer then -- Could be false if there's no extra data. return nil end iter, state, k = pairs(layer) end until not (k == nil or seen[k]) -- Get the value via a lookup, as the one returned by the -- iterator will be the raw value from the current layer, -- which may not be the one __index will return for that -- key. Also memoize the key in `seen` (even if the lookup -- returns nil) so that it doesn't get looked up again. -- TODO: store values in `self`, avoiding the need to create -- the `seen` table. The iterator will need to iterate over -- `self` with `next` first to find these on future loops. v, seen[k] = self[k], true until v ~= nil return k, v end end local __ipairs = require(table_module).indexIpairs function make_stack(data) local stack = { data, [make_stack] = 1, -- stores the length and acts as a sentinel to confirm a given metatable is a stack. __index = __index, __newindex = __newindex, __pairs = __pairs, __ipairs = __ipairs, } stack.__metatable = stack return setmetatable({}, stack), stack end return make_stack(data) end local function get_stack(data) local stack = getmetatable(data) return stack and type(stack) == "table" and stack[make_stack] and stack or nil end --[==[ <span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-red,#BA0000)">This function is not for use in entries or other content pages.</span> Returns a blob of data about the language. The format of this blob is undocumented, and perhaps unstable; it's intended for things like the module's own unit-tests, which are "close friends" with the module and will be kept up-to-date as the format changes. If `extra` is set, any extra data in the relevant `/extra` module will be included. (Note that it will be included anyway if it has already been loaded into the language object.) If `raw` is set, then the returned data will not contain any data inherited from parent objects. -- Do NOT use these methods! -- All uses should be pre-approved on the talk page! ]==] function Language:getData(extra, raw) if extra then self:loadInExtraData() end local data = self._data -- If raw is not set, just return the data. if not raw then return data end local stack = get_stack(data) -- If there isn't a stack or its length is 1, return the data. Extra data (if any) will be included, as it's stored at key 0 and doesn't affect the reported length. if stack == nil then return data end local n = stack[make_stack] if n == 1 then return data end local extra = stack[0] -- If there isn't any extra data, return the top layer of the stack. if extra == nil then return stack[n] end -- If there is, return a new stack which has the top layer at key 1 and the extra data at key 0. data, stack = make_stack(stack[n]) stack[0] = extra return data end function Language:loadInExtraData() -- Only full languages have extra data. if not self:hasType("language", "full") then return end local data = self._data -- If there's no stack, create one. local stack = get_stack(self._data) if stack == nil then data, stack = make_stack(data) -- If already loaded, return. elseif stack[0] ~= nil then return end self._data = data -- Load extra data from the relevant module and add it to the stack at key 0, so that the __index and __pairs metamethods will pick it up, since they iterate down the stack until they run out of layers. local code = self._code local modulename = get_extra_data_module_name(code) -- No data cached as false. stack[0] = modulename and load_data(modulename)[code] or false end --[==[Returns the name of the module containing the language's data. Currently, this is always [[Module:scripts/data]].]==] function Language:getDataModuleName() local name = self._dataModuleName if name == nil then name = self:hasType("etymology-only") and etymology_languages_data_module or get_data_module_name(self._mainCode or self._code) self._dataModuleName = name end return name end --[==[Returns the name of the module containing the language's data. Currently, this is always [[Module:scripts/data]].]==] function Language:getExtraDataModuleName() local name = self._extraDataModuleName if name == nil then name = not self:hasType("etymology-only") and get_extra_data_module_name(self._mainCode or self._code) or false self._extraDataModuleName = name end return name or nil end function export.makeObject(code, data, dontCanonicalizeAliases) local data_type = type(data) if data_type ~= "table" then error(("bad argument #2 to 'makeObject' (table expected, got %s)"):format(data_type)) end -- Convert any aliases. local input_code = code code = normalize_code(code) input_code = dontCanonicalizeAliases and input_code or code local parent if data.parent then parent = get_by_code(data.parent, nil, true, true) else parent = Language end parent.__index = parent local lang = {_code = input_code} -- This can only happen if dontCanonicalizeAliases is passed to make_object(). if code ~= input_code then lang._mainCode = code end local parent_data = parent._data if parent_data == nil then -- Full code is the same as the code. lang._fullCode = parent._code or code else -- Copy full code. lang._fullCode = parent._fullCode local stack = get_stack(parent_data) if stack == nil then parent_data, stack = make_stack(parent_data) end -- Insert the input data as the new top layer of the stack. local n = stack[make_stack] + 1 data, stack[n], stack[make_stack] = parent_data, data, n end lang._data = data return setmetatable(lang, parent) end make_object = export.makeObject end --[==[Finds the language whose code matches the one provided. If it exists, it returns a <code class="nf">Language</code> object representing the language. Otherwise, it returns {{code|lua|nil}}, unless <code class="n">paramForError</code> is given, in which case an error is generated. If <code class="n">paramForError</code> is {{code|lua|true}}, a generic error message mentioning the bad code is generated; otherwise <code class="n">paramForError</code> should be a string or number specifying the parameter that the code came from, and this parameter will be mentioned in the error message along with the bad code. If <code class="n">allowEtymLang</code> is specified, etymology-only language codes are allowed and looked up along with normal language codes. If <code class="n">allowFamily</code> is specified, language family codes are allowed and looked up along with normal language codes.]==] function export.getByCode(code, paramForError, allowEtymLang, allowFamily) -- Track uses of paramForError, ultimately so it can be removed, as error-handling should be done by [[Module:parameters]], not here. if paramForError ~= nil then track("paramForError") end if type(code) ~= "string" then local typ if not code then typ = "nil" elseif check_object("language", true, code) then typ = "a language object" elseif check_object("family", true, code) then typ = "a family object" else typ = "a " .. type(code) end error("The function getByCode expects a string as its first argument, but received " .. typ .. ".") end local m_data = load_data(languages_data_module) if m_data.aliases[code] or m_data.track[code] then track(code) end local norm_code = normalize_code(code) -- Get the data, checking for etymology-only languages if allowEtymLang is set. local data = load_data(get_data_module_name(norm_code))[norm_code] or allowEtymLang and load_data(etymology_languages_data_module)[norm_code] -- If no data was found and allowFamily is set, check the family data. If the main family data was found, make the object with [[Module:families]] instead, as family objects have different methods. However, if it's an etymology-only family, use make_object in this module (which handles object inheritance), and the family-specific methods will be inherited from the parent object. if data == nil and allowFamily then data = load_data("Module:families/data")[norm_code] if data ~= nil then if data.parent == nil then return make_family_object(norm_code, data) elseif not allowEtymLang then data = nil end end end local retval = code and data and make_object(code, data) if not retval and paramForError then require("Module:languages/errorGetBy").code(code, paramForError, allowEtymLang, allowFamily) end return retval end get_by_code = export.getByCode --[==[Finds the language whose canonical name (the name used to represent that language on Wiktionary) or other name matches the one provided. If it exists, it returns a <code class="nf">Language</code> object representing the language. Otherwise, it returns {{code|lua|nil}}, unless <code class="n">paramForError</code> is given, in which case an error is generated. If <code class="n">allowEtymLang</code> is specified, etymology-only language codes are allowed and looked up along with normal language codes. If <code class="n">allowFamily</code> is specified, language family codes are allowed and looked up along with normal language codes. The canonical name of languages should always be unique (it is an error for two languages on Wiktionary to share the same canonical name), so this is guaranteed to give at most one result. This function is powered by [[Module:languages/canonical names]], which contains a pre-generated mapping of full-language canonical names to codes. It is generated by going through the [[:Category:Language data modules]] for full languages. When <code class="n">allowEtymLang</code> is specified for the above function, [[Module:etymology languages/canonical names]] may also be used, and when <code class="n">allowFamily</code> is specified for the above function, [[Module:families/canonical names]] may also be used.]==] function export.getByCanonicalName(name, errorIfInvalid, allowEtymLang, allowFamily) local byName = load_data("Module:languages/canonical names") local code = byName and byName[name] if not code and allowEtymLang then byName = load_data("Module:etymology languages/canonical names") code = byName and byName[name] or byName[gsub(name, " [Ss]ubstrate$", "")] or byName[gsub(name, "^a ", "")] or byName[gsub(name, "^a ", ""):gsub(" [Ss]ubstrate$", "")] or -- For etymology families like "ira-pro". -- FIXME: This is not ideal, as it allows " languages" to be appended to any etymology-only language, too. byName[match(name, "^(.*) languages$")] end if not code and allowFamily then byName = load_data("Module:families/canonical names") code = byName[name] or byName[match(name, "^(.*) languages$")] end local retval = code and get_by_code(code, errorIfInvalid, allowEtymLang, allowFamily) if not retval and errorIfInvalid then require("Module:languages/errorGetBy").canonicalName(name, allowEtymLang, allowFamily) end return retval end --[==[Used by [[Module:languages/data/2]] (et al.) and [[Module:etymology languages/data]], [[Module:families/data]], [[Module:scripts/data]] and [[Module:writing systems/data]] to finalize the data into the format that is actually returned.]==] function export.finalizeData(data, main_type, variety) local fields = {"type"} if main_type == "language" then insert(fields, 4) -- script codes insert(fields, "ancestors") insert(fields, "link_tr") insert(fields, "override_translit") insert(fields, "wikimedia_codes") elseif main_type == "script" then insert(fields, 3) -- writing system codes end -- Families and writing systems have no extra fields to process. local fields_len = #fields for _, entity in next, data do if variety then -- Move parent from 3 to "parent" and family from "family" to 3. These are different for the sake of convenience, since very few varieties have the family specified, whereas all of them have a parent. entity.parent, entity[3], entity.family = entity[3], entity.family -- Give the type "regular" iff not a variety and no other types are assigned. elseif not (entity.type or entity.parent) then entity.type = "regular" end for i = 1, fields_len do local key = fields[i] local field = entity[key] if field and type(field) == "string" then entity[key] = gsub(field, "%s*,%s*", ",") end end end return data end --[==[For backwards compatibility only; modules should require the error themselves.]==] function export.err(lang_code, param, code_desc, template_tag, not_real_lang) return require("Module:languages/error")(lang_code, param, code_desc, template_tag, not_real_lang) end return export nng4e8e1cevlqsesm7twhpxlsx61ucp 828 302328 488033 487998 2026-09-04T13:55:36Z SM7 6218 +languages temp 488033 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local subpages = { -- It should not matter much what order we do the handlers in, but topic handling historically -- preceded "poscatboiler" handling (i.e. everything else), so keep it that way for the moment. -- "विषय", -- "affixes and compounds", -- "वर्ण", "प्रविष्टि रखरखाव", "व्युत्पत्ति", "परिवार", -- "figures of speech", -- "grammatical classes", -- "lang-specific-raw", "languages", "भाषाएँ", -- "लेक्ट", "लेम्मा", -- "lexical properties", "miscellaneous", -- सबसे ऊपर की श्रेणियाँ: "मूलभूत श्रेणी", "छतरी मेटाश्रेणियाँ" और "परिशिष्ट" यहीं परिभाषित (RAW CATEGORIES) हैं। -- "मॉड्यूल", -- "नाम", -- "गैर-लेम्मा रूप", -- "phrases", -- "pragmatic properties", -- "तुक", "लिपियाँ", -- "semantic classes", -- "shortenings", -- "speech acts", -- "चिह्न", -- "साँचे", --"टर्म लिपि अनुसार", -- "ट्रांसलिट्रेशन", -- "युनिकोड", "विक्षनरी", "विक्षनरी रखरखाव", -- "विक्षनरी सदस्य'", -- "wiktionary votes", -- "word of the day", "हेडवर्ड", } -- Import subpages for _, subpage in ipairs(subpages) do local datamodule = "Module:category tree/" .. subpage local retval = require(datamodule) if retval["LABELS"] then for label, data in pairs(retval["LABELS"]) do if labels[label] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then error("लेबल " .. label .. " जिसे [[" .. datamodule .. "]] और [[" .. labels[label].module .. "]] दोनों में परिभाषित किया गया है।") end data.module = datamodule labels[label] = data end end if retval["RAW_CATEGORIES"] then for category, data in pairs(retval["RAW_CATEGORIES"]) do if raw_categories[category] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then error("प्रारूपहीन श्रेणी " .. category .. " जिसे [[" .. datamodule .. "]] और [[" .. raw_categories[category].module .. "]] दोनों में परिभाषित किया गया है।") end data.module = datamodule raw_categories[category] = data end end if retval["HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end if retval["RAW_HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["RAW_HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(raw_handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end end -- Add child categories to their parents local function add_children_to_parents(hierarchy, raw) for key, data in pairs(hierarchy) do local parents = data.parents if parents then if type(parents) ~= "table" then parents = {parents} end if parents.name or parents.module then parents = {parents} end for _, parent in ipairs(parents) do if type(parent) ~= "table" or not parent.name and not parent.module then parent = {name = parent} end if parent.name and not parent.module and type(parent.name) == "string" and not parent.name:find("^श्रेणी:") then local parent_is_raw if raw then parent_is_raw = not parent.is_label else parent_is_raw = parent.raw end -- Don't do anything if the child is raw and the parent is lang-specific, otherwise e.g. -- "Lemmas subcategories by language" will be listed as a child of every "LANG lemmas" category. -- FIXME: We need to rethink this mechanism. if not raw or parent_is_raw then local child_hierarchy = parent_is_raw and raw_categories or labels if child_hierarchy[parent.name] then local child = {name = key, sort = parent.sort, raw = raw} if child_hierarchy[parent.name].children then table.insert(child_hierarchy[parent.name].children, child) else child_hierarchy[parent.name].children = {child} end end end end end end end end add_children_to_parents(labels) add_children_to_parents(raw_categories, true) return { LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } erij7sdlqskb2ij5pobzv63fv4qtho9 488034 488033 2026-09-04T13:56:25Z SM7 6218 - भाषाएँ temp 488034 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local subpages = { -- It should not matter much what order we do the handlers in, but topic handling historically -- preceded "poscatboiler" handling (i.e. everything else), so keep it that way for the moment. -- "विषय", -- "affixes and compounds", -- "वर्ण", "प्रविष्टि रखरखाव", "व्युत्पत्ति", "परिवार", -- "figures of speech", -- "grammatical classes", -- "lang-specific-raw", "languages", -- "भाषाएँ", -- "लेक्ट", "लेम्मा", -- "lexical properties", "miscellaneous", -- सबसे ऊपर की श्रेणियाँ: "मूलभूत श्रेणी", "छतरी मेटाश्रेणियाँ" और "परिशिष्ट" यहीं परिभाषित (RAW CATEGORIES) हैं। -- "मॉड्यूल", -- "नाम", -- "गैर-लेम्मा रूप", -- "phrases", -- "pragmatic properties", -- "तुक", "लिपियाँ", -- "semantic classes", -- "shortenings", -- "speech acts", -- "चिह्न", -- "साँचे", --"टर्म लिपि अनुसार", -- "ट्रांसलिट्रेशन", -- "युनिकोड", "विक्षनरी", "विक्षनरी रखरखाव", -- "विक्षनरी सदस्य'", -- "wiktionary votes", -- "word of the day", "हेडवर्ड", } -- Import subpages for _, subpage in ipairs(subpages) do local datamodule = "Module:category tree/" .. subpage local retval = require(datamodule) if retval["LABELS"] then for label, data in pairs(retval["LABELS"]) do if labels[label] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then error("लेबल " .. label .. " जिसे [[" .. datamodule .. "]] और [[" .. labels[label].module .. "]] दोनों में परिभाषित किया गया है।") end data.module = datamodule labels[label] = data end end if retval["RAW_CATEGORIES"] then for category, data in pairs(retval["RAW_CATEGORIES"]) do if raw_categories[category] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then error("प्रारूपहीन श्रेणी " .. category .. " जिसे [[" .. datamodule .. "]] और [[" .. raw_categories[category].module .. "]] दोनों में परिभाषित किया गया है।") end data.module = datamodule raw_categories[category] = data end end if retval["HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end if retval["RAW_HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["RAW_HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(raw_handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end end -- Add child categories to their parents local function add_children_to_parents(hierarchy, raw) for key, data in pairs(hierarchy) do local parents = data.parents if parents then if type(parents) ~= "table" then parents = {parents} end if parents.name or parents.module then parents = {parents} end for _, parent in ipairs(parents) do if type(parent) ~= "table" or not parent.name and not parent.module then parent = {name = parent} end if parent.name and not parent.module and type(parent.name) == "string" and not parent.name:find("^श्रेणी:") then local parent_is_raw if raw then parent_is_raw = not parent.is_label else parent_is_raw = parent.raw end -- Don't do anything if the child is raw and the parent is lang-specific, otherwise e.g. -- "Lemmas subcategories by language" will be listed as a child of every "LANG lemmas" category. -- FIXME: We need to rethink this mechanism. if not raw or parent_is_raw then local child_hierarchy = parent_is_raw and raw_categories or labels if child_hierarchy[parent.name] then local child = {name = key, sort = parent.sort, raw = raw} if child_hierarchy[parent.name].children then table.insert(child_hierarchy[parent.name].children, child) else child_hierarchy[parent.name].children = {child} end end end end end end end end add_children_to_parents(labels) add_children_to_parents(raw_categories, true) return { LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } 5kyf8xc2lghe8tljst1c16jawsha1u6 488035 488034 2026-09-04T14:20:46Z SM7 6218 step back 488035 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local subpages = { -- It should not matter much what order we do the handlers in, but topic handling historically -- preceded "poscatboiler" handling (i.e. everything else), so keep it that way for the moment. -- "विषय", -- "affixes and compounds", -- "वर्ण", "प्रविष्टि रखरखाव", "व्युत्पत्ति", "परिवार", -- "figures of speech", -- "grammatical classes", -- "lang-specific-raw", "भाषाएँ", -- "लेक्ट", "लेम्मा", -- "lexical properties", "miscellaneous", -- सबसे ऊपर की श्रेणियाँ: "मूलभूत श्रेणी", "छतरी मेटाश्रेणियाँ" और "परिशिष्ट" यहीं परिभाषित (RAW CATEGORIES) हैं। -- "मॉड्यूल", -- "नाम", -- "गैर-लेम्मा रूप", -- "phrases", -- "pragmatic properties", -- "तुक", "लिपियाँ", -- "semantic classes", -- "shortenings", -- "speech acts", -- "चिह्न", -- "साँचे", --"टर्म लिपि अनुसार", -- "ट्रांसलिट्रेशन", -- "युनिकोड", "विक्षनरी", "विक्षनरी रखरखाव", -- "विक्षनरी सदस्य'", -- "wiktionary votes", -- "word of the day", "हेडवर्ड", } -- Import subpages for _, subpage in ipairs(subpages) do local datamodule = "Module:category tree/" .. subpage local retval = require(datamodule) if retval["LABELS"] then for label, data in pairs(retval["LABELS"]) do if labels[label] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then error("लेबल " .. label .. " जिसे [[" .. datamodule .. "]] और [[" .. labels[label].module .. "]] दोनों में परिभाषित किया गया है।") end data.module = datamodule labels[label] = data end end if retval["RAW_CATEGORIES"] then for category, data in pairs(retval["RAW_CATEGORIES"]) do if raw_categories[category] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then error("प्रारूपहीन श्रेणी " .. category .. " जिसे [[" .. datamodule .. "]] और [[" .. raw_categories[category].module .. "]] दोनों में परिभाषित किया गया है।") end data.module = datamodule raw_categories[category] = data end end if retval["HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end if retval["RAW_HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["RAW_HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(raw_handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end end -- Add child categories to their parents local function add_children_to_parents(hierarchy, raw) for key, data in pairs(hierarchy) do local parents = data.parents if parents then if type(parents) ~= "table" then parents = {parents} end if parents.name or parents.module then parents = {parents} end for _, parent in ipairs(parents) do if type(parent) ~= "table" or not parent.name and not parent.module then parent = {name = parent} end if parent.name and not parent.module and type(parent.name) == "string" and not parent.name:find("^श्रेणी:") then local parent_is_raw if raw then parent_is_raw = not parent.is_label else parent_is_raw = parent.raw end -- Don't do anything if the child is raw and the parent is lang-specific, otherwise e.g. -- "Lemmas subcategories by language" will be listed as a child of every "LANG lemmas" category. -- FIXME: We need to rethink this mechanism. if not raw or parent_is_raw then local child_hierarchy = parent_is_raw and raw_categories or labels if child_hierarchy[parent.name] then local child = {name = key, sort = parent.sort, raw = raw} if child_hierarchy[parent.name].children then table.insert(child_hierarchy[parent.name].children, child) else child_hierarchy[parent.name].children = {child} end end end end end end end end add_children_to_parents(labels) add_children_to_parents(raw_categories, true) return { LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } rorywgmlyw9qh2ia14lzaqx761ib9oo 488036 488035 2026-09-04T15:59:27Z SM7 6218 activating more 488036 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local subpages = { -- It should not matter much what order we do the handlers in, but topic handling historically -- preceded "poscatboiler" handling (i.e. everything else), so keep it that way for the moment. "topic", "affixes and compounds", "characters", "प्रविष्टि रखरखाव", "व्युत्पत्ति", "परिवार", "figures of speech", "grammatical classes", "lang-specific-raw", "भाषाएँ", "lects", "लेम्मा", "lexical properties", "miscellaneous", -- सबसे ऊपर की श्रेणियाँ: "मूलभूत श्रेणी", "छतरी मेटाश्रेणियाँ" और "परिशिष्ट" यहीं परिभाषित (RAW CATEGORIES) हैं। "मॉड्यूल", "नाम", "गैर-लेम्मा रूप", "phrases", "pragmatic properties", "rhymes", "लिपियाँ", "semantic classes", "shortenings", "speech acts", "symbols", "साँचे", "terms by script", "transliterations", "unicode", "विक्षनरी", "विक्षनरी रखरखाव", "विक्षनरी सदस्य'", -- "wiktionary votes", -- "word of the day", "हेडवर्ड", } -- Import subpages for _, subpage in ipairs(subpages) do local datamodule = "Module:category tree/" .. subpage local retval = require(datamodule) if retval["LABELS"] then for label, data in pairs(retval["LABELS"]) do if labels[label] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then error("लेबल " .. label .. " जिसे [[" .. datamodule .. "]] और [[" .. labels[label].module .. "]] दोनों में परिभाषित किया गया है।") end data.module = datamodule labels[label] = data end end if retval["RAW_CATEGORIES"] then for category, data in pairs(retval["RAW_CATEGORIES"]) do if raw_categories[category] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then error("प्रारूपहीन श्रेणी " .. category .. " जिसे [[" .. datamodule .. "]] और [[" .. raw_categories[category].module .. "]] दोनों में परिभाषित किया गया है।") end data.module = datamodule raw_categories[category] = data end end if retval["HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end if retval["RAW_HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["RAW_HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(raw_handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end end -- Add child categories to their parents local function add_children_to_parents(hierarchy, raw) for key, data in pairs(hierarchy) do local parents = data.parents if parents then if type(parents) ~= "table" then parents = {parents} end if parents.name or parents.module then parents = {parents} end for _, parent in ipairs(parents) do if type(parent) ~= "table" or not parent.name and not parent.module then parent = {name = parent} end if parent.name and not parent.module and type(parent.name) == "string" and not parent.name:find("^श्रेणी:") then local parent_is_raw if raw then parent_is_raw = not parent.is_label else parent_is_raw = parent.raw end -- Don't do anything if the child is raw and the parent is lang-specific, otherwise e.g. -- "Lemmas subcategories by language" will be listed as a child of every "LANG lemmas" category. -- FIXME: We need to rethink this mechanism. if not raw or parent_is_raw then local child_hierarchy = parent_is_raw and raw_categories or labels if child_hierarchy[parent.name] then local child = {name = key, sort = parent.sort, raw = raw} if child_hierarchy[parent.name].children then table.insert(child_hierarchy[parent.name].children, child) else child_hierarchy[parent.name].children = {child} end end end end end end end end add_children_to_parents(labels) add_children_to_parents(raw_categories, true) return { LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } 6tl55rg6ie3ow1zv3g74ugaoqg4j4kl 488048 488036 2026-09-04T16:39:01Z SM7 6218 जानकारी 488048 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local subpages = { -- It should not matter much what order we do the handlers in, but topic handling historically -- preceded "poscatboiler" handling (i.e. everything else), so keep it that way for the moment. "topic", "affixes and compounds", "characters", "प्रविष्टि रखरखाव", "व्युत्पत्ति", "परिवार", "figures of speech", "grammatical classes", "lang-specific-raw", "भाषाएँ", "lects", "लेम्मा", "lexical properties", "miscellaneous", -- सबसे ऊपर की श्रेणियाँ: "मूलभूत श्रेणी", "छतरी मेटाश्रेणियाँ" और "परिशिष्ट" यहीं परिभाषित (RAW CATEGORIES) हैं। "मॉड्यूल", "नाम", -- यह [[मॉड्यूल:names]] को भी कॉल करता है। "गैर-लेम्मा रूप", "phrases", "pragmatic properties", "rhymes", "लिपियाँ", "semantic classes", "shortenings", "speech acts", "symbols", "साँचे", "terms by script", "transliterations", "unicode", "विक्षनरी", "विक्षनरी रखरखाव", "विक्षनरी सदस्य'", -- "wiktionary votes", -- "word of the day", "हेडवर्ड", } -- Import subpages for _, subpage in ipairs(subpages) do local datamodule = "Module:category tree/" .. subpage local retval = require(datamodule) if retval["LABELS"] then for label, data in pairs(retval["LABELS"]) do if labels[label] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then error("लेबल " .. label .. " जिसे [[" .. datamodule .. "]] और [[" .. labels[label].module .. "]] दोनों में परिभाषित किया गया है।") end data.module = datamodule labels[label] = data end end if retval["RAW_CATEGORIES"] then for category, data in pairs(retval["RAW_CATEGORIES"]) do if raw_categories[category] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then error("प्रारूपहीन श्रेणी " .. category .. " जिसे [[" .. datamodule .. "]] और [[" .. raw_categories[category].module .. "]] दोनों में परिभाषित किया गया है।") end data.module = datamodule raw_categories[category] = data end end if retval["HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end if retval["RAW_HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["RAW_HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(raw_handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end end -- Add child categories to their parents local function add_children_to_parents(hierarchy, raw) for key, data in pairs(hierarchy) do local parents = data.parents if parents then if type(parents) ~= "table" then parents = {parents} end if parents.name or parents.module then parents = {parents} end for _, parent in ipairs(parents) do if type(parent) ~= "table" or not parent.name and not parent.module then parent = {name = parent} end if parent.name and not parent.module and type(parent.name) == "string" and not parent.name:find("^श्रेणी:") then local parent_is_raw if raw then parent_is_raw = not parent.is_label else parent_is_raw = parent.raw end -- Don't do anything if the child is raw and the parent is lang-specific, otherwise e.g. -- "Lemmas subcategories by language" will be listed as a child of every "LANG lemmas" category. -- FIXME: We need to rethink this mechanism. if not raw or parent_is_raw then local child_hierarchy = parent_is_raw and raw_categories or labels if child_hierarchy[parent.name] then local child = {name = key, sort = parent.sort, raw = raw} if child_hierarchy[parent.name].children then table.insert(child_hierarchy[parent.name].children, child) else child_hierarchy[parent.name].children = {child} end end end end end end end end add_children_to_parents(labels) add_children_to_parents(raw_categories, true) return { LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } d7dzvq69raz5b0sf2jgiw22qclme2te 488067 488048 2026-09-04T16:59:42Z SM7 6218 correction 488067 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local subpages = { -- It should not matter much what order we do the handlers in, but topic handling historically -- preceded "poscatboiler" handling (i.e. everything else), so keep it that way for the moment. "topic", "affixes and compounds", "characters", "प्रविष्टि रखरखाव", "व्युत्पत्ति", "परिवार", "figures of speech", "grammatical classes", "lang-specific-raw", "भाषाएँ", "lects", "लेम्मा", "lexical properties", "miscellaneous", -- सबसे ऊपर की श्रेणियाँ: "मूलभूत श्रेणी", "छतरी मेटाश्रेणियाँ" और "परिशिष्ट" यहीं परिभाषित (RAW CATEGORIES) हैं। "मॉड्यूल", "नाम", -- यह [[मॉड्यूल:names]] को भी कॉल करता है। "गैर-लेम्मा रूप", "phrases", "pragmatic properties", "rhymes", "लिपियाँ", "semantic classes", "shortenings", "speech acts", "symbols", "साँचे", "terms by script", "transliterations", "unicode", "विक्षनरी", "विक्षनरी रखरखाव", "विक्षनरी सदस्य", -- "wiktionary votes", -- "word of the day", "हेडवर्ड", } -- Import subpages for _, subpage in ipairs(subpages) do local datamodule = "Module:category tree/" .. subpage local retval = require(datamodule) if retval["LABELS"] then for label, data in pairs(retval["LABELS"]) do if labels[label] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then error("लेबल " .. label .. " जिसे [[" .. datamodule .. "]] और [[" .. labels[label].module .. "]] दोनों में परिभाषित किया गया है।") end data.module = datamodule labels[label] = data end end if retval["RAW_CATEGORIES"] then for category, data in pairs(retval["RAW_CATEGORIES"]) do if raw_categories[category] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then error("प्रारूपहीन श्रेणी " .. category .. " जिसे [[" .. datamodule .. "]] और [[" .. raw_categories[category].module .. "]] दोनों में परिभाषित किया गया है।") end data.module = datamodule raw_categories[category] = data end end if retval["HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end if retval["RAW_HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["RAW_HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(raw_handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end end -- Add child categories to their parents local function add_children_to_parents(hierarchy, raw) for key, data in pairs(hierarchy) do local parents = data.parents if parents then if type(parents) ~= "table" then parents = {parents} end if parents.name or parents.module then parents = {parents} end for _, parent in ipairs(parents) do if type(parent) ~= "table" or not parent.name and not parent.module then parent = {name = parent} end if parent.name and not parent.module and type(parent.name) == "string" and not parent.name:find("^श्रेणी:") then local parent_is_raw if raw then parent_is_raw = not parent.is_label else parent_is_raw = parent.raw end -- Don't do anything if the child is raw and the parent is lang-specific, otherwise e.g. -- "Lemmas subcategories by language" will be listed as a child of every "LANG lemmas" category. -- FIXME: We need to rethink this mechanism. if not raw or parent_is_raw then local child_hierarchy = parent_is_raw and raw_categories or labels if child_hierarchy[parent.name] then local child = {name = key, sort = parent.sort, raw = raw} if child_hierarchy[parent.name].children then table.insert(child_hierarchy[parent.name].children, child) else child_hierarchy[parent.name].children = {child} end end end end end end end end add_children_to_parents(labels) add_children_to_parents(raw_categories, true) return { LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } fp7ioy7duidomkihrr9ffrdclfcnlau 488083 488067 2026-09-04T17:42:03Z SM7 6218 languages 488083 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local subpages = { -- It should not matter much what order we do the handlers in, but topic handling historically -- preceded "poscatboiler" handling (i.e. everything else), so keep it that way for the moment. "topic", "affixes and compounds", "characters", "प्रविष्टि रखरखाव", "व्युत्पत्ति", "परिवार", "figures of speech", "grammatical classes", "lang-specific-raw", "languages", "lects", "लेम्मा", "lexical properties", "miscellaneous", -- सबसे ऊपर की श्रेणियाँ: "मूलभूत श्रेणी", "छतरी मेटाश्रेणियाँ" और "परिशिष्ट" यहीं परिभाषित (RAW CATEGORIES) हैं। "मॉड्यूल", "नाम", -- यह [[मॉड्यूल:names]] को भी कॉल करता है। "गैर-लेम्मा रूप", "phrases", "pragmatic properties", "rhymes", "लिपियाँ", "semantic classes", "shortenings", "speech acts", "symbols", "साँचे", "terms by script", "transliterations", "unicode", "विक्षनरी", "विक्षनरी रखरखाव", "विक्षनरी सदस्य", -- "wiktionary votes", -- "word of the day", "हेडवर्ड", } -- Import subpages for _, subpage in ipairs(subpages) do local datamodule = "Module:category tree/" .. subpage local retval = require(datamodule) if retval["LABELS"] then for label, data in pairs(retval["LABELS"]) do if labels[label] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then error("लेबल " .. label .. " जिसे [[" .. datamodule .. "]] और [[" .. labels[label].module .. "]] दोनों में परिभाषित किया गया है।") end data.module = datamodule labels[label] = data end end if retval["RAW_CATEGORIES"] then for category, data in pairs(retval["RAW_CATEGORIES"]) do if raw_categories[category] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then error("प्रारूपहीन श्रेणी " .. category .. " जिसे [[" .. datamodule .. "]] और [[" .. raw_categories[category].module .. "]] दोनों में परिभाषित किया गया है।") end data.module = datamodule raw_categories[category] = data end end if retval["HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end if retval["RAW_HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["RAW_HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(raw_handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end end -- Add child categories to their parents local function add_children_to_parents(hierarchy, raw) for key, data in pairs(hierarchy) do local parents = data.parents if parents then if type(parents) ~= "table" then parents = {parents} end if parents.name or parents.module then parents = {parents} end for _, parent in ipairs(parents) do if type(parent) ~= "table" or not parent.name and not parent.module then parent = {name = parent} end if parent.name and not parent.module and type(parent.name) == "string" and not parent.name:find("^श्रेणी:") then local parent_is_raw if raw then parent_is_raw = not parent.is_label else parent_is_raw = parent.raw end -- Don't do anything if the child is raw and the parent is lang-specific, otherwise e.g. -- "Lemmas subcategories by language" will be listed as a child of every "LANG lemmas" category. -- FIXME: We need to rethink this mechanism. if not raw or parent_is_raw then local child_hierarchy = parent_is_raw and raw_categories or labels if child_hierarchy[parent.name] then local child = {name = key, sort = parent.sort, raw = raw} if child_hierarchy[parent.name].children then table.insert(child_hierarchy[parent.name].children, child) else child_hierarchy[parent.name].children = {child} end end end end end end end end add_children_to_parents(labels) add_children_to_parents(raw_categories, true) return { LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } mkj2xk98s072cv8ckrp231n85x39mn8 828 302330 488102 488024 2026-09-04T21:12:33Z SM7 6218 यहाँ appendix नामस्थान नहीं मौजूद 488102 Scribunto text/plain local lang_independent_data = require("Module:category tree/data") local lang_specific_module = "Module:category tree/lang" local lang_specific_module_prefix = lang_specific_module .. "/" local family_specific_module = "Module:category tree/fam" local family_specific_module_prefix = family_specific_module .. "/" local labels_utilities_module = "Module:labels/utilities" local template_parser_module = "Module:template parser" local concat = table.concat local dump = mw.dumpObject local expand_template = require("Module:frame").expandTemplate local insert = table.insert local is_callable = require("Module:fun").is_callable local lcfirst = require("Module:string utilities").lcfirst local list_to_set = require("Module:table").listToSet local make_title = mw.title.makeTitle local new_title = mw.title.new local parse = require(template_parser_module).parse local sparse_concat = require("Module:table").sparseConcat local tostring = tostring local type = type local ucfirst = require("Module:string utilities").ucfirst local uupper = require("Module:string utilities").upper local function internal_error(msg) error("Internal error: " .. msg) end local function get_lang(...) local _get_lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode function get_lang(...) return _get_lang(...) or require("Module:languages/errorGetBy").code(...) end return get_lang(...) end local function get_script(...) local _get_script = require("Module:scripts").getByCode function get_script(code) return _get_script(code) or require("Module:languages/error")(code, true, "script code") end return get_script(...) end -- Category object local Category = {} Category.__index = Category function Category:get_originating_info() local originating_info = "" if self._info.originating_label then originating_info = " (originating from label \"" .. self._info.originating_label .. "\" in module [[" .. self._info.originating_module .. "]])" end return originating_info end local valid_keys = list_to_set{"code", "label", "sc", "raw", "args", "also", "called_from_inside", "originating_label", "originating_module"} function Category.new(info) for key in pairs(info) do if not valid_keys[key] then internal_error("The parameter \"" .. key .. "\" was not recognized.") end end local self = setmetatable({}, Category) self._info = info if not self._info.label then internal_error("No label was specified.") end self:initCommon() if not self._data then internal_error("The " .. (self._info.raw and "raw " or "") .. "label \"" .. self._info.label .. "\" does not exist" .. self:get_originating_info() .. ".") end return self end function Category:initCommon() local function patch_args(args) -- This fixes the issue with Scribunto automatically converting keys -- in a table as numbers to strings, which in turn causes a circular -- error for having argument parameter names as numbers as strings. if type(args) ~= "table" then return args end local new_args = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == "string" and string.len(k) < 10 and not string.match(k, "^0") and string.match(k, "^%d+$") then new_args[tonumber(k)] = patch_args(v) else new_args[k] = patch_args(v) end end return new_args end local args_handled = false if self._info.raw then -- Check if the category exists local raw_categories = lang_independent_data["RAW_CATEGORIES"] self._data = raw_categories[self._info.label] if self._data then if self._data.lang then self._lang = get_lang(self._data.lang, nil, true) self._info.code = self._lang:getCode() end if self._data.sc then self._sc = get_script(self._data.sc) self._info.sc = self._sc:getCode() end else -- Go through raw handlers local data = { category = self._info.label, args = patch_args(self._info.args) or {}, called_from_inside = self._info.called_from_inside, } for _, handler in ipairs(lang_independent_data["RAW_HANDLERS"]) do self._data, args_handled = handler.handler(data) if self._data then self._data.module = self._data.module or handler.module break end end if self._data then -- Update the label if the handler specified a canonical name for it. if self._data.canonical_name then self._info.canonical_name = self._data.canonical_name end if self._data.lang then if type(self._data.lang) ~= "string" then internal_error("Received non-string value " .. dump(self._data.lang) .. " for self._data.lang, label \"" .. self._info.label .. "\"" .. self:get_originating_info() .. ".") end self._lang = get_lang(self._data.lang, nil, true) self._info.code = self._lang:getCode() end if self._data.sc then if type(self._data.sc) ~= "string" then internal_error("Received non-string value " .. dump(self._data.sc) .. " for self._data.sc, label \"" .. self._info.label .. "\"" .. self:get_originating_info() .. ".") end self._sc = get_script(self._data.sc) self._info.sc = self._sc:getCode() end end end else -- Already parsed into language + label if self._info.code then self._lang = get_lang(self._info.code, nil, true) else self._lang = nil end if self._info.sc then self._sc = get_script(self._info.sc) else self._sc = nil end self._info.orig_label = self._info.label if not self._lang then -- Umbrella categories without a preceding language always begin with a capital letter, but the actual label may be -- lowercase (cf. [[:Category:Nouns by language]] with label 'nouns' with per-language [[:Category:English nouns]]; -- but [[:Category:Reddit slang by language]] with label 'Reddit slang' with per-language -- [[:Category:English Reddit slang]]). Since the label is almost always lowercase, we lowercase it for umbrella -- categories, storing the original into `orig_label`, and correct it later if needed. self._info.label = lcfirst(self._info.label) end -- First, check lang-specific labels and handlers if this is not an umbrella category. if self._lang then local objects_with_modules = require(lang_specific_module) local obj, seen = self._lang, {} local object_specific_module_prefix = lang_specific_module_prefix local is_family = false repeat if objects_with_modules[obj:getCode()] then local module = object_specific_module_prefix .. obj:getCode() local labels_and_handlers = require(module) if labels_and_handlers.LABELS then self._data = labels_and_handlers.LABELS[self._info.label] if self._data then if not is_family and self._data.umbrella == nil and self._data.umbrella_parents == nil then self._data.umbrella = false end self._data.module = self._data.module or module end end if not self._data and labels_and_handlers.HANDLERS then for _, handler in ipairs(labels_and_handlers.HANDLERS) do local data = { label = self._info.label, lang = self._lang, sc = self._sc, args = patch_args(self._info.args) or {}, called_from_inside = self._info.called_from_inside, } self._data, args_handled = handler(data) if self._data then if not is_family and self._data.umbrella == nil and self._data.umbrella_parents == nil then self._data.umbrella = false end self._data.module = self._data.module or module break end end end if self._data then break end end seen[obj:getCode()] = true obj = obj:getFamily() if not is_family then is_family = true object_specific_module_prefix = family_specific_module_prefix objects_with_modules = require(family_specific_module) end until not obj or seen[obj:getCode()] end local function fetch_label_data(labels) self._data = labels[self._info.label] -- See comment above about uppercase- vs. lowercase-initial labels, which are indistinguishable -- in umbrella categories. if not self._data then self._data = labels[self._info.orig_label] if self._data then self._info.label = self._info.orig_label end end end -- Then check lang-independent labels. if not self._data then -- lang_independent_data.LABELS should always exist. fetch_label_data(lang_independent_data.LABELS) if not self._data and not self._lang then -- Check family-specific labels for umbrella label. local families_with_modules = require(family_specific_module) for famcode, _ in pairs(families_with_modules) do local module = family_specific_module_prefix .. famcode local labels_and_handlers = require(module) if labels_and_handlers.LABELS then fetch_label_data(labels_and_handlers.LABELS) if self._data then self._data.module = self._data.module or module break end end end end end -- Then check lang-independent handlers. if not self._data then local data = { label = self._info.label, lang = self._lang, sc = self._sc, args = patch_args(self._info.args) or {}, called_from_inside = self._info.called_from_inside, } for _, handler in ipairs(lang_independent_data["HANDLERS"]) do self._data, args_handled = handler.handler(data) if self._data then self._data.module = self._data.module or handler.module break end end if not self._data and not self._lang then -- Check family-specific labels for umbrella handler. local families_with_modules = require(family_specific_module) for famcode, _ in pairs(families_with_modules) do local module = family_specific_module_prefix .. famcode local labels_and_handlers = require(module) if labels_and_handlers.HANDLERS then for _, handler in ipairs(labels_and_handlers.HANDLERS) do local data = { label = self._info.label, sc = self._sc, args = patch_args(self._info.args) or {}, called_from_inside = self._info.called_from_inside, } self._data, args_handled = handler(data) if self._data then self._data.module = self._data.module or module break end end end if self._data then break end end end end end if not args_handled and self._data and self._info.args and next(self._info.args) then local module_text = " (handled in [[" .. (self._data.module or "UNKNOWN").. "]])" local args_text = {} for k, v in pairs(self._info.args) do insert(args_text, k .. "=" .. ((type(v) == "string" or type(v) == "number") and v or dump(v))) end error("poscatboiler label '" .. self._info.label .. "' " .. module_text .. " doesn't accept extra args " .. concat(args_text, ", ")) end if self._sc and not self._lang then internal_error("Umbrella categories cannot have a script specified.") end end function Category:convert_spec_to_string(desc) if not desc then return desc end local desc_type = type(desc) if desc_type == "string" then return desc elseif desc_type == "number" then return tostring(desc) elseif not is_callable(desc) then internal_error("`desc` must be a string, number, function, callable table or nil; received " .. dump(desc)) end desc = desc { lang = self._lang, sc = self._sc, label = self._info.label, raw = self._info.raw, } if not desc then return desc end desc_type = type(desc) if desc_type == "string" then return desc end internal_error("The value returned by `desc` must be a string or nil; received " .. dump(desc)) end local function add_obj_args(args, obj, obj_type, sc_lang) if obj then args[obj_type .. "code"] = obj:getCode() args[obj_type .. "name"] = obj:getCanonicalName(sc_lang) args[obj_type .. "disp"] = obj:getDisplayForm(sc_lang) args[obj_type .. "cat"] = obj:getCategoryName(false, sc_lang) args[obj_type .. "link"] = obj:makeCategoryLink(sc_lang) end end -- Expands `desc` like a template, passing values for specs like {{{langname}}}. function Category:substitute_template_specs(desc) -- This may end up happening twice but that's OK as the function is (usually) idempotent. -- FIXME: Not idempotent if a preprocessed template returns wikicode. desc = self:convert_spec_to_string(desc) if not desc then return nil end -- Populate the substitution arguments. local args = {} args.umbrella_msg = "This is an umbrella category. It contains no dictionary entries, but only other, language-specific categories, which in turn contain relevant terms in a given language." args.umbrella_meta_msg = "This is an umbrella metacategory, covering a general area such as \"lemmas\", \"names\" or \"terms by etymology\". It contains no dictionary entries, but holds only umbrella (\"by language\") categories covering specific subtopics, which in turn contain language-specific categories holding terms in a given language for that same topic." add_obj_args(args, self._lang, "lang") add_obj_args(args, self._sc, "sc", self._lang) return parse(desc, true):expand(args) end function Category:substitute_template_specs_in_args(args) if not args then return args end local pinfo = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do pinfo[self:substitute_template_specs(k)] = self:substitute_template_specs(v) end return pinfo end function Category:make_new(info) info.originating_label = self._info.label info.originating_module = self._data.module info.called_from_inside = true return Category.new(info) end function Category:getBreadcrumbName() local ret if self._sc then -- The parent of 'LANG POS in SCRIPT script' is always 'SCRIPT script' regardless of the parents normally set, -- so the breadcrumb should always be 'POS' regardless of the breadcrumb normally set. return self._info.label, nil end if self._lang or self._info.raw then ret = self._data.breadcrumb or self._data.breadcrumb_base or self._data.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_base or self._data.breadcrumb_key or self._data.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key or nil else ret = self._data.umbrella and (self._data.umbrella.breadcrumb or self._data.umbrella.breadcrumb_base or self._data.umbrella.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_base or self._data.umbrella.breadcrumb_key or self._data.umbrella.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key) or nil end if not ret then ret = self._info.label end if type(ret) ~= "table" then ret = {name = ret} end return self:substitute_template_specs(ret.name), ret.nocap end local function expand_toc_template_if(template) local template_obj = new_title(template, 10) if template_obj.exists then return expand_template{title = template_obj.text} end return nil end -- Return the textual expansion of the first existing template among the given templates, first performing -- substitutions on the template name such as replacing {{{langcode}}} with the current language's code (if any). -- If no templates exist after expansion, or if nil is passed in, return nil. If a single string is passed in, -- treat it like a one-element list consisting of that string. function Category:get_template_text(templates) if templates == nil then return nil elseif type(templates) ~= "table" then templates = {templates} end for _, template in ipairs(templates) do if template == false then return false end template = self:substitute_template_specs(template) return expand_toc_template_if(template) end return nil end function Category:getTOC(toc_type) -- Type "none" means everything fits on a single page; in that case, display nothing. if toc_type == "none" then return nil end local templates, fallback_templates -- If TOC type is "full" (more than 2500 entries), do the following, in order: -- 1. look up and expand the `toc_template_full` templates (normal or umbrella, depending on whether there is -- a current language); -- 2. look up and expand the `toc_template` templates (normal or umbrella, as above); -- 3. do the default behavior, which is as follows: -- 3a. look up a language-specific "full" template according to the current language (using English if there -- is no current language); -- 3b. look up a script-specific "full" template according to the first script of current language (using English -- if there is no current language); -- 3c. look up a language-specific "normal" template according to the current language (using English if there -- is no current language); -- 3d. look up a script-specific "normal" template according to the first script of the current language (using -- English if there is no current language); -- 3e. display nothing. -- -- If TOC type is "normal" (between 200 and 2500 entries), do the following, in order: -- 1. look up and expand the `toc_template` templates (normal or umbrella, depending on whether there is -- a current language); -- 2. do the default behavior, which is as follows: -- 2a. look up a language-specific "normal" template according to the current language (using English if there -- is no current language); -- 2b. look up a script-specific "normal" template according to the first script of the current language (using -- English if there is no current language); -- 2c. display nothing. local data_source if self._lang or self._info.raw then data_source = self._data else data_source = self._data.umbrella end if data_source then if toc_type == "full" then templates = data_source.toc_template_full fallback_templates = data_source.toc_template else templates = data_source.toc_template end end local text = self:get_template_text(templates) if text then return text elseif text == false then return nil end text = self:get_template_text(fallback_templates) if text then return text elseif text == false then return nil end local default_toc_templates_to_check = {} local lang, sc = self:getCatfixInfo() local langcode = lang and lang:getCode() or "hi" local sccode = sc and sc:getCode() or lang and lang:getScriptCodes()[1] or "Latn" -- FIXME: What is toctemplateprefix used for? local tocname = (self._data.toctemplateprefix or "") .. "categoryTOC" if toc_type == "full" then insert(default_toc_templates_to_check, ("%s-%s/full"):format(langcode, tocname)) insert(default_toc_templates_to_check, ("%s-%s/full"):format(sccode, tocname)) end insert(default_toc_templates_to_check, ("%s-%s"):format(langcode, tocname)) insert(default_toc_templates_to_check, ("%s-%s"):format(sccode, tocname)) for _, toc_template in ipairs(default_toc_templates_to_check) do local toc_template_text = expand_toc_template_if(toc_template) if toc_template_text then return toc_template_text end end return nil end function Category:getInfo() return self._info end function Category:getDataModule() return self._data.module end function Category:canBeEmpty() if self._lang or self._info.raw then return self._data.can_be_empty end return self._data.umbrella and self._data.umbrella.can_be_empty end function Category:isHidden() if self._lang or self._info.raw then return self._data.hidden end return self._data.umbrella and self._data.umbrella.hidden end function Category:getCategoryName() if self._info.raw then return self._info.canonical_name or self._info.label elseif self._lang then local ret = self._lang:getCanonicalName() .. " " .. self._info.label if self._sc then ret = ret .. " in " .. self._sc:getDisplayForm(self._lang) end return ucfirst(ret) end local ret = ucfirst(self._info.label) if not (self._data.no_by_language or self._data.umbrella and self._data.umbrella.no_by_language) then ret = ret .. " भाषा अनुसार" end return ret end function Category:getTopright() if self._lang or self._info.raw then return self:substitute_template_specs(self._data.topright) end return self._data.umbrella and self:substitute_template_specs(self._data.umbrella.topright) end function Category:display_title(displaytitle, lang) if type(displaytitle) == "string" then displaytitle = self:substitute_template_specs(displaytitle) else displaytitle = displaytitle(self:getCategoryName(), lang) end mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction("DISPLAYTITLE", "श्रेणी:" .. displaytitle) end function Category:get_labels_categorizing() local m_labels_utilities = require(labels_utilities_module) local pos_cat_labels, sense_cat_labels, use_tlb pos_cat_labels = m_labels_utilities.find_labels_for_category(self._info.label, "pos", self._lang) local sense_label = self._info.label:match("^(.*) terms$") if sense_label then use_tlb = true else sense_label = self._info.label:match("^terms with (.*) senses$") end if not sense_label then return nil end sense_cat_labels = m_labels_utilities.find_labels_for_category(sense_label, "sense", self._lang) if use_tlb then return m_labels_utilities.format_labels_categorizing(pos_cat_labels, sense_cat_labels, self._lang) end local all_labels = pos_cat_labels for k, v in pairs(sense_cat_labels) do all_labels[k] = v end return m_labels_utilities.format_labels_categorizing(all_labels, nil, self._lang) end -- FIXME: this is clunky. local function remove_lang_params(desc) -- Simply remove a language name/code/category from the beginning of the string, but replace the language name -- in the middle of the string with either "specific languages" or "specific-language" depending on whether the -- language name appears to be an attributive qualifier of another noun or to stand by itself. This may be wrong, -- in which case the category in question should supply its own umbrella description. desc = desc:gsub("^{{{langname}}} ", "") :gsub("{{{langname}}} %(", "specific languages (") :gsub("{{{langname}}}([.,])", "specific languages%1") :gsub("{{{langname}}} ", "specific-language ") :gsub("{{{langdisp}}}", "specific languages") :gsub("{{{langlink}}}", "specific languages") return desc end function Category:getDescription(isChild) -- Allows different text in the list of a category's children local isChild = isChild == "child" if self._lang or self._info.raw then if not isChild and self._data.displaytitle then self:display_title(self._data.displaytitle, self._lang) end if self._sc then return self:getCategoryName() .. "." end local desc = self:substitute_template_specs(self._data.description) if not desc then return nil elseif isChild then return desc end return sparse_concat({ self:substitute_template_specs(self._data.preceding), desc, self:substitute_template_specs(self._data.additional), self:substitute_template_specs(self:get_labels_categorizing()), }, "\n\n") end local umbrella = self._data.umbrella if not isChild and umbrella and umbrella.displaytitle then self:display_title(umbrella.displaytitle) end local desc = self:substitute_template_specs(umbrella and umbrella.description) local has_umbrella_desc = not not desc if not desc then desc = self:convert_spec_to_string(self._data.description) if desc then desc = remove_lang_params(desc) desc = lcfirst(desc) desc = desc:gsub("%.$", "") desc = "Categories with " .. desc .. "." else desc = "Categories with " .. self._info.label .. " in various specific languages." end desc = self:substitute_template_specs(desc) end if isChild then return desc end return sparse_concat({ self:substitute_template_specs(umbrella and umbrella.preceding or not has_umbrella_desc and self._data.preceding), desc, self:substitute_template_specs(umbrella and umbrella.additional or not has_umbrella_desc and self._data.additional), self:substitute_template_specs("{{{umbrella_msg}}}"), self:substitute_template_specs(self:get_labels_categorizing()), }, "\n\n") end function Category:new_sortkey(sortkey) local sortkey_type = type(sortkey) if sortkey_type == "string" then sortkey = uupper(sortkey) elseif sortkey_type == "table" then function sortkey:makeSortKey() local sort_func = self.sort_func if sort_func ~= nil then return sort_func(self.sort_base) end local lang = self.lang if lang == nil then return self.sort_base end lang = get_lang(lang, nil, true) if lang == nil then return self.sort_base end local sc = self.sc if sc ~= nil then sc = get_script(sc) end return lang:makeSortKey(self.sort_base, sc) end end return sortkey end function Category:inherit_spec(spec, parent_spec, substitute_result) if spec == false then return nil end local retval = spec or parent_spec if substitute_result then retval = self:substitute_template_specs(retval) end return retval end function Category:canonicalize_parents_children(cats, is_children, fallback_sort_key, fallback_sort_base) if not cats then return nil elseif type(cats) == "table" then if cats.name or cats.module then cats = {cats} elseif #cats == 0 then return nil end else cats = {cats} end local ret = {} for _, cat in ipairs(cats) do if type(cat) ~= "table" or not cat.name and not cat.module then cat = {name = cat} end insert(ret, cat) end local is_umbrella = not self._lang and not self._info.raw local table_type = is_children and "extra_children" or "parents" for i, cat in ipairs(ret) do local raw if self._info.raw or is_umbrella then raw = not cat.is_label else raw = cat.raw end local lang = self:inherit_spec(cat.lang, not raw and self._info.code or nil, "substitute") local sc = self:inherit_spec(cat.sc, not raw and self._info.sc or nil, "substitute") -- Get the sortkey. local sortkey = self:inherit_spec(cat.sort, i == 1 and (fallback_sort_key or fallback_sort_base and {sort_base = fallback_sort_base}) or nil) if type(sortkey) == "table" then sortkey.sort_base = self:substitute_template_specs(sortkey.sort_base) or internal_error("Missing .sort_base in '" .. table_type .. "' .sort table for '" .. self._info.label .. "' category entry in module '" .. (self._data.module or "unknown") .. "'") if sortkey.sort_func then -- Not allowed to give a lang and/or script if sort_func is given. local bad_spec = sortkey.lang and "lang" or sortkey.sc and "sc" or nil if bad_spec then internal_error("Cannot specify both ." .. bad_spec .. " and .sort_func in '" .. table_type .. "' .sort table for '" .. self._info.label .. "' category entry in module '" .. (self._data.module or "unknown") .. "'") end else sortkey.lang = self:inherit_spec(sortkey.lang, lang, "substitute") sortkey.sc = self:inherit_spec(sortkey.sc, sc, "substitute") end else sortkey = self:substitute_template_specs(sortkey) end local name if cat.module then -- A reference to a category using another category tree module. if not cat.args then internal_error("Missing .args in '" .. table_type .. "' table with module=\"" .. cat.module .. "\" for '" .. self._info.label .. "' category entry in module '" .. (self._data.module or "unknown") .. "'") end name = require("Module:category tree/" .. cat.module).new(self:substitute_template_specs_in_args(cat.args)) else name = cat.name if not name then internal_error("Missing .name in " .. (is_umbrella and "umbrella " or "") .. "'" .. table_type .. "' table for '" .. self._info.label .. "' category entry in module '" .. (self._data.module or "unknown") .. "'") elseif type(name) == "string" then -- otherwise, assume it's a category object and use it directly name = self:substitute_template_specs(name) if name:find("^Category:") then -- It's a non-poscatboiler category name. sortkey = sortkey or is_children and name:gsub("^श्रेणी:", "") or self:getCategoryName() else -- It's a label. sortkey = sortkey or is_children and name or self._info.label name = self:make_new{ label = name, code = lang, sc = sc, raw = raw, args = self:substitute_template_specs_in_args(cat.args) } end end end sortkey = sortkey or is_children and " " or self._info.label ret[i] = { name = name, description = is_children and self:substitute_template_specs(cat.description) or nil, sort = self:new_sortkey(sortkey) } end return ret end function Category:getParents() local is_umbrella, ret = not self._lang and not self._info.raw if self._sc then local parent1 = self:make_new{code = self._info.code, label = "terms in " .. self._sc:getDisplayForm(self._lang)} local parent2 = self:make_new{code = self._info.code, label = self._info.label, raw = self._info.raw, args = self._info.args} ret = { {name = parent1, sort = self._sc:getCanonicalName(self._lang)}, {name = parent2, sort = self._sc:getCanonicalName(self._lang)}, } else local parents, fallback_sort_base, fallback_sort_key if is_umbrella then parents = self._data.umbrella and self._data.umbrella.parents or self._data.umbrella_parents fallback_sort_base = self._data.umbrella and (self._data.umbrella.breadcrumb_base or self._data.umbrella.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_base) or nil fallback_sort_key = self._data.umbrella and (self._data.umbrella.breadcrumb_key or self._data.umbrella.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key) or nil else parents = self._data.parents fallback_sort_base = self._data.breadcrumb_base or self._data.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_base fallback_sort_key = self._data.breadcrumb_key or self._data.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key end ret = self:canonicalize_parents_children(parents, nil, fallback_sort_key, fallback_sort_base) if not ret then return nil end end local self_cat = self:getCategoryName() for _, parent in ipairs(ret) do local parent_cat = parent.name.getCategoryName and parent.name:getCategoryName() if self_cat == parent_cat then internal_error(("Infinite loop would occur, as parent category '%s' is the same as the child category"):format(self_cat)) end end return ret end function Category:getChildren() local is_umbrella = not self._lang and not self._info.raw local children = self._data.children local ret = {} if not is_umbrella and children then for _, child in ipairs(children) do child = mw.clone(child) if type(child) ~= "table" then child = {name = child} end if not child.sort then child.sort = child.name end -- FIXME, is preserving the script correct? child.name = self:make_new{code = self._info.code, label = child.name, raw = child.raw, sc = self._info.sc} insert(ret, child) end end local extra_children if is_umbrella then extra_children = self._data.umbrella and self._data.umbrella.extra_children else extra_children = self._data.extra_children end extra_children = self:canonicalize_parents_children(extra_children, "children") if extra_children then for _, child in ipairs(extra_children) do insert(ret, child) end end return #ret > 0 and ret or nil end function Category:getUmbrella() local umbrella = self._data.umbrella if umbrella == false or self._info.raw or not self._lang or self._sc then return nil end -- If `umbrella` is a string, use that; otherwise, use the label. return self:make_new({label = type(umbrella) == "string" and umbrella or self._info.label}) end --[[ function Category:getAppendix() -- FIXME, this should be customizable. local lang, label = self._lang, self._info.label if self._info.raw or not (lang and label) then return nil end local appendix = make_title(100, lang:getCanonicalName() .. " " .. label) return appendix.exists and appendix.fullText or nil end ]] function Category:getCatfixInfo() if self._lang or self._sc or self._info.raw then local langcode, sccode = self._data.catfix, self._data.catfix_sc local lang, sc if langcode then langcode = self:substitute_template_specs(langcode) lang = get_lang(langcode, nil, true) elseif langcode == nil then -- not false lang = self._lang end if sccode then sccode = self:substitute_template_specs(sccode) sc = get_script(sccode) elseif sccode == nil then -- not false sc = self._sc end if lang then lang = lang:getFull() end return lang, sc elseif not self._data.umbrella then return end -- umbrella local langcode, sccode = self._data.umbrella.catfix, self._data.umbrella.catfix_sc local lang, sc if langcode then langcode = self:substitute_template_specs(langcode) lang = get_lang(langcode, nil, true) end if sccode then sccode = self:substitute_template_specs(sccode) sc = get_script(sccode) end if lang then lang = lang:getFull() end return lang, sc end function Category:getTOCTemplateName() -- This should only be invoked if getTOC() returns true, meaning to do the default algorithm, but getTOC() -- implements its own default algorithm. internal_error("This should never get called") end local export = {} function export.main(info) local self = setmetatable({_info = info}, Category) self:initCommon() return self._data and self or nil end export.new = Category.new return export 3xsqretwdg96wmawcbojxp5yvvrfy4n 828 302573 488089 487568 2026-09-04T19:53:33Z SM7 6218 updating... 488089 Scribunto text/plain local m_langdata = require("Module:languages/data") -- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data). local function u(...) u = require("Module:string utilities").char return u(...) end local c = m_langdata.chars local p = m_langdata.puaChars local s = m_langdata.shared local m = {} ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Afroasiatic varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Berber varieties -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["shi-med"] = { "Medieval Tashelhit", 34152, "shi", } -- Tuareg lects m["thv"] = { "Tamahaq", 56703, "tmh", } m["ttq"] = { "Tawellemmet", 56390, "tmh", } m["taq"] = { "Tamasheq", 4670066, "tmh", } m["thz"] = { "Tayert", 56388, "tmh", } m["thv-ght"] = { "Ghat", 47012900, "thv", } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Cushitic varieties -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Oromo varieties m["hae"] = { "Harar Oromo", 5330355, "om", aliases = {"Eastern Oromo"}, } m["gax"] = { "Borana", 2910610, "om", aliases = {"Southern Oromo"}, } m["orc"] = { "Orma", 2919128, "om", } m["ssn"] = { "Waata", 3501553, "om", } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Egyptian varieties -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Ancient Egyptian varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["egy-old"] = { "Old Egyptian", 447117, "egy", } m["egy-mid"] = { "Middle Egyptian", 657330, "egy", aliases = {"Classical Egyptian"}, } m["egy-nmi"] = { "Neo-Middle Egyptian", 123735278, "egy", aliases = {"Égyptien de tradition", "Traditional Egyptian"}, } m["egy-lat"] = { "Late Egyptian", 1852329, "egy", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Coptic varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["cop-akh"] = { "Akhmimic Coptic", 125176464, "cop", aliases = {"Akhmimic"}, } m["cop-boh"] = { "Bohairic Coptic", 890733, "cop", aliases = {"Bohairic", "Memphitic Coptic", "Memphitic"}, } m["cop-ggg"] = { "Coptic Dialect G", nil, "cop", aliases = {"Dialect G", "Mansuric Coptic", "Mansuric"}, } m["cop-jjj"] = { "Coptic Dialect J", nil, "cop", } m["cop-kkk"] = { "Coptic Dialect K", nil, "cop", } m["cop-ppp"] = { "Coptic Dialect P", nil, "cop", aliases = {"Proto-Theban Coptic", "Palaeo-Theban Coptic"}, } m["cop-fay"] = { "Fayyumic Coptic", 1399115, "cop", aliases = {"Fayyumic", "Faiyumic Coptic", "Faiyumic", "Fayumic Coptic", "Fayumic", "Bashmuric Coptic", "Bashmuric"}, } m["cop-her"] = { "Hermopolitan Coptic", nil, "cop", aliases = {"Hermopolitan", "Coptic Dialect H", "Ashmuninic", "Ashmuninic Coptic"}, } m["cop-lyc"] = { "Lycopolitan Coptic", nil, "cop", aliases = { "Lycopolitan", "Assiutic Coptic", "Asyutic Coptic", "Assiutic", "Asyutic", "Lyco-Diospolitan Coptic", "Lyco-Diospolitan", "Subakhmimic Coptic", "Subakhmimic" }, } m["cop-old"] = { "Old Coptic", 115518040, "cop", } m["cop-oxy"] = { "Oxyrhynchite Coptic", nil, "cop", aliases = {"Oxyrhynchite", "Mesokemic Coptic", "Mesokemic", "Middle Egyptian Coptic"}, } m["cop-ply"] = { "Proto-Lycopolitan Coptic", nil, "cop", aliases = {"Coptic Dialect i", "Proto-Lyco-Diospolitan Coptic"}, } m["cop-sah"] = { "Sahidic Coptic", 2645851, "cop", aliases = {"Sahidic", "Saidic Coptic", "Saidic", "Thebaic Coptic", "Thebaic"}, } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Semitic varieties -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Akkadian varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["akk-old"] = { "Old Akkadian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-obb"] = { "Old Babylonian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-oas"] = { "Old Assyrian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-mbb"] = { "Middle Babylonian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-mas"] = { "Middle Assyrian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-nbb"] = { "Neo-Babylonian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-nas"] = { "Neo-Assyrian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-lbb"] = { "Late Babylonian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-stb"] = { "Standard Babylonian", nil, "akk", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Arabic varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["jrb"] = { "Judeo-Arabic", 37733, "ar", pseudo_families = "qfa-jew", } m["apc-leb"] = { "Lebanese North Levantine Arabic", 1516642, "apc", aliases = {"Lebanese Arabic"}, } m["apc-sle"] = { "South Lebanese North Levantine Arabic", 14206590, "apc", aliases = {"South Lebanese Arabic"}, } m["apc-nle"] = { "North Lebanese North Levantine Arabic", nil, "apc", aliases = {"North Lebanese Arabic"}, } m["apc-syr"] = { "Syrian North Levantine Arabic", 2143071, "apc", aliases = {"Syrian Arabic"}, } m["apc-ale"] = { "Aleppine North Levantine Arabic", 7056921, "apc-syr", aliases = {"Aleppo Arabic", "Aleppine Arabic"}, } m["apc-dam"] = { "Damascene North Levantine Arabic", 12237466, "apc-syr", aliases = {"Damascus Arabic", "Damascene Arabic"}, } m["acm-khu"] = { "Khuzestani Arabic", 1040944, "acm", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Aramaic varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["arc-bib"] = { "Biblical Aramaic", 843235, "arc", family = "sem-are", } m["arc-cpa"] = { "Christian Palestinian Aramaic", 60790119, "arc", family = "sem-arw", aliases = {"Melkite Aramaic", "Palestinian Syriac", "Syropalestinian Aramaic"}, } m["arc-imp"] = { "Imperial Aramaic", 7079491, "arc", aliases = {"Official Aramaic"}, } m["arc-hat"] = { "Hatran Aramaic", 3832926, "arc", family = "sem-are", } m["arc-jla"] = { "Jewish Literary Aramaic", 105952842, "arc", pseudo_families = "qfa-jew", } m["arc-nab"] = { "Nabataean Aramaic", 36178, "arc", } m["arc-old"] = { "Old Aramaic", 3398392, "arc", } m["arc-pal"] = { "Palmyrene Aramaic", 1510113, "arc", family = "sem-arw", } m["tmr"] = { "Jewish Babylonian Aramaic", 33407, "arc", family = "sem-ase", pseudo_families = "qfa-jew", } m["jpa"] = { "Jewish Palestinian Aramaic", 948909, "arc", family = "sem-arw", aliases = {"Galilean Aramaic"}, pseudo_families = "qfa-jew", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Hebrew varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["hbo"] = { "Biblical Hebrew", 1982248, "he", aliases = {"Classical Hebrew"}, } m["he-mis"] = { "Mishnaic Hebrew", 1649362, "he", ancestors = "hbo", } m["he-med"] = { "Medieval Hebrew", 2712572, "he", ancestors = "he-mis", } m["he-IL"] = { "Israeli Hebrew", 8141, "he", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Ainu varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["ain-hok"] = { "Hokkaido Ainu", 20968488, "ain", aliases = {"Hokkaidō Ainu"}, } m["ain-kur"] = { "Kuril Ainu", 20967012, "ain", } m["ain-sak"] = { "Sakhalin Ainu", 20747371, "ain", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- American indigenous varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Inuit varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["esi"] = { "North Alaskan Inupiatun", nil, "ik" } m["esk"] = { "Northwest Alaskan Inupiatun", 25559714, "ik" } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Iroquoian varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["iro-ohu"] = { "Old Wendat", nil, "wdt", } m["iro-omo"] = { "Old Mohawk", nil, "moh", } m["iro-oon"] = { "Old Onondaga", nil, "ono", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Tupi-Guarani varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Old Tupi varieties m["tpw-lga"] = { "Língua Geral Amazônica", 18275323, "tpw", aliases = {"Língua Geral"}, } m["tpw-lgp"] = { "Língua Geral Paulista", 2669239, "tpw", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Austroasiatic varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Khmer varieties m["okz-ang"] = { "Angkorian Old Khmer", nil, "okz", wikipedia_article = "Khmer language#Historical periods", } m["okz-pre"] = { "Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer", nil, "okz", wikipedia_article = "Khmer language#Historical periods", } -- Central Nicobarese varieties m["ncb-cam"] = { "Camorta", 5026908, "ncb", aliases = {"Kamorta"}, } m["ncb-kat"] = { "Katchal", 17064263, "ncb", aliases = {"Tehnu"}, } m["ncb-nan"] = { "Nancowry", 6962504, "ncb", aliases = {"Nankwari"}, } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Austronesian varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Malay and related varieties m["ms-old"] = { -- this has the ISO code 'omy' "Old Malay", nil, "ms", } m["ms-cla"] = { "Classical Malay", nil, "ms", ancestors = "ms-old", } m["pse-bsm"] = { "Besemah", nil, "pse", } m["bew-kot"] = { "Betawi Kota", nil, "bew", aliases = {"Urban Betawi"}, -- in Jakarta } -- Philippine varieties m["xnn"] = { "Northern Kankanaey", 12953609, "kne", aliases = {"Northern Kankanay", "Northern Kankana-ey"}, } m["tl-old"] = { "Old Tagalog", 12967437, "tl", } m["tl-cls"] = { "Classical Tagalog", nil, "tl", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Caucasian varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Kartvelian varieties m["ka-mid"] = { "Middle Georgian", nil, "ka", ancestors = "oge", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dravidian varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["ta-mid"] = { "Middle Tamil", 20987434, "ta", } m["kn-hav"] = { "Havigannada", 24276369, "kn", } m["kn-kun"] = { "Kundagannada", 6444255, "kn", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Indo-European varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Albanian varieties -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["aln"] = { "Gheg Albanian", 181037, "sq", aliases = {"Gheg"}, } m["aae"] = { "Arbëresh Albanian", 1075302, "als", aliases = {"Arbëreshë", "Arbëresh"}, } m["aat"] = { "Arvanitika Albanian", 29347, "als", aliases = {"Arvanitika"}, } m["als"] = { "Tosk Albanian", 180937, "sq", aliases = {"Tosk"}, } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Armenian varieties -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["hyw"] = { "Western Armenian", 180945, "hy", } m["hye"] = { "Eastern Armenian", 181059, "hy", } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Balto-Slavic varieties -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Baltic varieties -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["bat-pro"] = { "Proto-Baltic", 1703347, "ine-bsl-pro", } m["bat-dni"] = { "Dnieper Baltic", 4163178, "bat-pro", family = "bat", aliases = {"Dniepr Baltic", "Dnieper-Oka Baltic", "Dniepr-Oka Baltic"}, } m["bat-gol"] = { "Golyad", 4142855, "bat-dni", aliases = {"Eastern Galindian", "East Galindian"}, } ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Slavic varieties -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Bulgarian varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["cu-bgm"] = { "Middle Bulgarian", 12294897, "cu", ancestors = "cu" } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Church Slavonic varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Old Moscow Church Slavonic deleted as it seems not distinct enough from Russian (Synodal) Church Slavonic. m["zls-chs-ru"] = { "Russian Church Slavonic", 21662400, "zls-chs", aliases = {"Synodal Church Slavonic", "New Moscow Church Slavonic", "Novomoskovsk Church Slavonic"}, } m["zls-chs-uk"] = { "Ukrainian Church Slavonic", 12153548, "zls-chs", aliases = {"Rusyn Church Slavonic", "Belarusian Church Slavonic"}, } --[=[ -- Not sure about these yet. m["zls-chs-bg"] = { "Bulgarian Church Slavonic", nil, "zls-chs", } m["zls-chs-cs"] = { "Czech Church Slavonic", nil, "zls-chs", } m["zls-chs-hr"] = { "Croatian Church Slavonic", nil, "zls-chs", } m["zls-chs-mk"] = { "Macedonian Church Slavonic", nil, "zls-chs", } m["zls-chs-ro"] = { "Romanian Church Slavonic", nil, "zls-chs", } m["zls-chs-sr"] = { "Serbian Church Slavonic", nil, "zls-chs", } ]=] ----------------------------------------------------- -- Czech varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["cs-ear"] = { "Early Modern Czech", nil, "cs", ancestors = "zlw-ocs" } ----------------------------------------------------- -- East Slavic varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["zle-ops"] = { "Old Pskovian", 4167885, "zle-ono", } m["zle-mru"] = { "Middle Russian", 35228, "ru", "Cyrs", ancestors = "orv", translit = "ru-translit", strip_diacritics = { Cyrs = { remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.diaer, }, }, } m["zle-mbe"] = { "Middle Belarusian", 13211, "zle-ort", ancestors = "zle-ort", } m["zle-muk"] = { "Middle Ukrainian", 13211, "zle-ort", ancestors = "zle-ort", } m["uk-CA"] = { "Canadian Ukrainian", 4161010, "uk", } m["crp-cpr-kya"] = { "Kyakhta Chinese Pidgin Russian", 1062960, "crp-cpr", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Polish varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["zlw-mpl"] = { "Middle Polish", 402878, "pl", ancestors = "zlw-opl", strip_diacritics = { remove_diacritics = c.acute, remove_exceptions = {"Ć", "ć", "Ń", "ń", "Ó", "ó", "Ś", "ś", "Ź", "ź"}, }, } m["pl-gre"] = { "Greater Polish", 4106789, "pl", } m["pl-les"] = { "Lesser Polish", 361709, "pl", } m["pl-mas"] = { "Masovian Polish", 4274559, "pl", } m["pl-gor"] = { "Goral", 452889, "pl", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Serbo-Croatian varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["ckm"] = { "Chakavian Serbo-Croatian", 337565, "sh", aliases = {"Čakavian"}, } m["kjv"] = { "Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian", 838165, "sh", } m["sh-tor"] = { -- Linguist code srp-tor "Torlakian Serbo-Croatian", 1078803, "sh", aliases = {"Torlak"}, } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Celtic varieties -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Brythonic varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["bry-ear"] = { "Early Brythonic", nil, "cel-bry-pro", } m["bry-lat"] = { "Late Brythonic", nil, "cel-bry-pro", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Gaulish varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["xcg"] = { "Cisalpine Gaulish", 3832927, "cel-gau", } m["xtg"] = { "Transalpine Gaulish", 29977, "cel-gau", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Welsh varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["cy-nor"] = { "North Wales Welsh", 13127692, "cy", aliases = {"North Walian Welsh", "Northern Welsh"}, } m["cy-sou"] = { "South Wales Welsh", 13127689, "cy", aliases = {"South Walian Welsh", "Southern Welsh"}, } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Germanic varieties -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Proto-West Germanic varieties m["frk"] = { "Frankish", 10860505, "gmw-pro", family = "gmw-frk", aliases = {"Old Frankish"}, } m["gem-sue"] = { "Suevic", 134600275, "gmw-pro", aliases = {"Suebian"}, } m["gmw-afr-pro"] = { "Proto-Anglo-Frisian", 134603379, "gmw-nsg-pro", family = "gmw-afr", } m["gmw-nsg-pro"] = { "Proto-North Sea Germanic", 134603374, "gmw-pro", family = "gmw-nsg", aliases = {"Proto-Ingvaeonic"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Dutch varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["nl-BE"] = { "Belgian Dutch", 34147, "nl", aliases = {"Flemish", "Flemish Dutch", "Southern Dutch"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- English and Scots varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- English varieties m["en-AU"] = { "Australian English", 44679, "en", } m["en-GB"] = { "British English", 7979, "en", } m["en-GB-SCT"] = { "Scottish English", 1553250, "en-GB", } m["en-GB-WLS"] = { "Welsh English", 2363292, "en-GB", } m["en-IM"] = { "Manx English", 6753295, "en-GB", } m["en-aae"] = { "Australian Aboriginal English", 783347, "en-AU", } m["en-ear"] = { "Early Modern English", 1472196, "en", ancestors = "enm", aliases = {"Early New English"}, } m["en-geo"] = { "Geordie", 653421, "en", ancestors = "enm-nor", } m["en-IE"] = { -- FIXME: "IE" doesn't cover Northern Ireland "Irish English", 665624, "en", } m["en-uls"] = { "Ulster English", 6840826, "en-IE", } m["en-GB-NIR"] = { "Northern Irish English", 6840826, -- actually the code for Ulster English "en-uls", } m["en-NNN"] = { -- NA = Namibia; NNN is NATO 3-letter code for North America "North American English", 7053766, "en", ietf_subtag = "en-021" -- 021 = UN M49 code for "Northern America" (i.e. North America wihout Central America or the Caribbean) } m["en-US"] = { "American English", 7976, "en-NNN", } m["en-NZ"] = { "New Zealand English", 44661, "en" } m["en-ZA"] = { "South African English", 1156228, "en" } m["en-US-CA"] = { "California English", 1026812, "en-US", } m["en-CA"] = { "Canadian English", 44676, "en-US", } m["en-HK"] = { "Hong Kong English", 1068863, "en", } m["en-IN"] = { "Indian English", 1348800, "en", } m["pld"] = { "Polari", 1359130, "en", } -- Scots varieties m["sco-ins"] = { "Insular Scots", 16919205, "sco", } m["sco-uls"] = { "Ulster Scots", 201966, "sco", } m["sco-nor"] = { "Northern Scots", 16928150, "sco", } m["sco-sou"] = { "Southern Scots", 7570457, "sco", aliases = {"South Scots", "Borders Scots"}, } -- Middle English varieties m["enm-esc"] = { -- Part of Middle English until it developed into Middle Scots. "Early Scots", 5326738, "enm", ancestors = "enm-nor", aliases = {"Old Scots", "Scottish Middle English"}, } m["enm-emi"] = { "East Midland Middle English", 134238810, "enm", ancestors = "ang-ang", -- Technically ang-mer, but attested Mercian is mostly WM IIRC } m["enm-ken"] = { "Kentish Middle English", 134238532, "enm", ancestors = "ang-ken", } m["enm-nor"] = { "Northern Middle English", 134238541, "enm", ancestors = "ang-nor", } m["enm-sou"] = { "Southern Middle English", 134238528, "enm", ancestors = "ang-wsx", } m["enm-wmi"] = { "West Midland Middle English", 134238824, "enm", ancestors = "ang-mer", } -- Old English varieties -- Includes both Mercian and Northumbrian. m["ang-ang"] = { "Anglian Old English", 121142917, "ang", } m["ang-ken"] = { "Kentish Old English", 11687485, "ang", } m["ang-mer"] = { "Mercian Old English", 602072, "ang-ang", } m["ang-nor"] = { "Northumbrian Old English", 1798915, "ang-ang", } m["ang-wsx"] = { "West Saxon Old English", 2658603, "ang", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- High German varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- (modern) German varieties m["de-AT"] = { "Austrian German", 306626, "de", } m["de-AT-vie"] = { "Viennese German", 56474, "de-AT", } m["de-CH"] = { "Switzerland German", 1366643, "de", aliases = {"Schweizer Hochdeutsch", "Swiss Standard German", "Swiss High German"}, } m["de-bal"] = { "Baltic German", 15785413, "de", } m["de-ear"] = { "Early New High German", 1472199, "de", ancestors = "gmh", aliases = {"Early Modern High German"}, } m["ksh"] = { "Kölsch", 4624, "gmw-cfr", } m["pfl"] = { "Palatine German", 23014, "gmw-rfr", aliases = {"Pfälzisch", "Pälzisch", "Palatinate German"}, } m["sli"] = { "Silesian East Central German", 152965, "gmw-ecg", aliases = {"Silesian"}, } m["sxu"] = { "Upper Saxon German", 699284, "gmw-ecg", } -- Old High German varieties m["lng"] = { "Lombardic", 35972, "goh", } -- Alemannic German varieties m["gsw-low"] = { "Low Alemannic German", 503724, "gsw", } m["gsw-FR-als"] = { "Alsatian Alemannic German", 8786, "gsw-low", } m["gsw-hig"] = { "High Alemannic German", 503728, "gsw", } m["gsw-hst"] = { "Highest Alemannic German", 687538, "gsw", } m["wae"] = { "Walser German", 680517, "gsw-hst", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Low German varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["nds-de"] = { "German Low German", 25433, "nds", ietf_subtag = "nds-DE", -- should we make this the actual code? wikimedia_codes = "nds", } m["nds-nl"] = { "Dutch Low Saxon", 516137, "nds", ietf_subtag = "nds-NL", -- should we make this the actual code? wikimedia_codes = "nds-nl", } m["act"] = { "Achterhoeks", 153627, "nds-nl", aliases = {"Achterhoek", "Achterhooks"}, } m["drt"] = { "Drents", 2736709, "nds-nl", aliases = {"Drèents", "Dreins", "Dreints", "Drints"}, } m["frs"] = { "East Frisian Low German", 149208, "nds-de", aliases = {"East Frisian", "East Frisian Low Saxon"}, } m["gos"] = { "Gronings", 508854, "nds-nl", aliases = {"Grunnegs", "Grönnegs"}, } m["nds-lpr"] = { "Low Prussian", 33982, "nds-de", } m["sdz"] = { "Sallands", 3436668, "nds-nl", aliases = {"Sallaans", "Sallaands"}, } m["stl"] = { "Stellingwerfs", 506010, "nds-nl", aliases = {"Stellingwarfs"}, } m["twd"] = { "Twents", 497363, "nds-nl", aliases = {"Tweants"}, } m["vel"] = { "Veluws", 2484810, "nds-nl", } m["wep"] = { "Westphalian", 505655, "nds-de", aliases = {"Westfalish", "Westphalien"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- North Frisian varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["frr-ins"] = { "Insular North Frisian", 110629610, "frr", } m["frr-fam"] = { "Föhr-Amrum North Frisian", 110629601, "frr-ins", } m["frr-foh"] = { "Föhr North Frisian", 28185, "frr-fam", aliases = {"Föhr Frisian", "Fering", "Ferring", -- Glottolog }, varieties = {"Aasdring", "Weesdring"}, } m["frr-amr"] = { "Amrum North Frisian", 28192, "frr-fam", aliases = {"Amrum Frisian", "Amrum", "Öömrang"}, } m["frr-hel"] = { "Heligoland North Frisian", 28086, "frr-ins", aliases = {"Heligoland Frisian", "Halunder", "Heligolandic Frisian", "Heligolandic North Frisian", "Helgoland Frisian", "Helgoland North Frisian", "Helgoland"}, } m["frr-syl"] = { "Sylt North Frisian", 28181, "frr-ins", aliases = {"Sylt Frisian", "Söl'ring", "Sölreng", -- Glottolog }, } m["frr-mai"] = { "Mainland North Frisian", 110629626, "frr", } m["frr-hal"] = { "Halligen North Frisian", 28177, "frr-mai", aliases = {"Halligen Frisian", "Halifreesk", "Hallingen Frisian", "Hallingen North Frisian", "Hallingen", -- Glottolog }, } m["frr-moo"] = { "Mooring North Frisian", 28187, "frr-mai", aliases = {"Bökingharde North Frisian", "Bökingharde Frisian", "Böökinghiirder frasch", "Mooring", "Moring", }, varieties = {{"East Mooring", "Ostermooring"}, {"West Mooring", "Westermooring"}}, } m["frr-kar"] = { "Karrharde North Frisian", 28191, "frr-mai", aliases = {"Karrharde Frisian", "Karrharder", }, } m["frr-goe"] = { -- Technically this refers to three adjacent dialects (Northern, Central and Southern), the latter of which went -- extinct in 1980-1981. As a result, Glottolog speaks of "Norder-Mittelgoesharde", referring to the remaining two. "Goesharde North Frisian", 28183, "frr-mai", aliases = {"Norder-Mittelgoesharde North Frisian", "Norder-Mittelgoesharde Frisian", "Norder-Mittelgoesharde", "Goesharde Frisian", "Goesharde", "Gooshiirder", }, } m["frr-wie"] = { "Wiedingharde North Frisian", 28171, "frr-mai", aliases = {"Wiedingharde Frisian", "Wiedingharde", "Wiringhiirder freesk", }, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Old Norse varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["non-grn"] = { "Greenlandic Norse", 855236, "non-own", } m["non-oen"] = { "Old East Norse", 10498031, "non", ancestors = "non", } m["non-own"] = { "Old West Norse", 2377483, "non", ancestors = "non", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Old Swedish varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["gmq-osw-lat"] = { "Late Old Swedish", 10723594, "gmq-osw", ancestors = "gmq-osw", } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Greek varieties -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["qsb-grc"] = { "Pre-Greek", 965052, "und", family = "qfa-sub", } m["grc-aeo"] = { "Aeolic Greek", 406373, "grc", aliases = {"Lesbic Greek", "Lesbian Greek", "Aeolian Greek"}, } m["grc-arc"] = { "Arcadian Greek", nil, "grc-arp", } m["grc-arp"] = { "Arcadocypriot Greek", 499602, "grc", } m["grc-att"] = { "Attic Greek", 506588, "grc", } m["grc-boi"] = { "Boeotian Greek", 406373, "grc-aeo", } m["grc-cyp"] = { "Cypriot Ancient Greek", -- to distinguish from Cypriot Greek below nil, "grc-arp", } m["grc-dor"] = { "Doric Greek", 285494, "grc", } m["grc-ela"] = { "Elean Greek", nil, "grc", } m["grc-epi"] = { "Epic Greek", 990062, "grc", aliases = {"Homeric Greek"}, } m["grc-ion"] = { "Ionic Greek", 504165, "grc", } m["grc-koi"] = { "Koine Greek", 107358, "grc", ancestors = "grc-att", aliases = {"Hellenistic Greek"}, } m["grc-kre"] = { "Cretan Ancient Greek", -- to distinguish from Cretan Greek below nil, "grc-dor", } m["grc-opl"] = { "Opuntian Locrian", nil, "grc", } m["grc-ozl"] = { "Ozolian Locrian", nil, "grc", } m["grc-pam"] = { "Pamphylian Greek", 2271793, "grc", } m["grc-ths"] = { "Thessalian Greek", 406373, "grc-aeo", } m["gkm"] = { "Byzantine Greek", 36387, "grc", ancestors = "grc-koi", aliases = {"Medieval Greek"}, } m["el-cyp"] = { "Cypriot Greek", 245899, "el", aliases = {"Cypriotic Greek"}, } m["el-pap"] = { "Paphian Greek", nil, "el", } m["el-crt"] = { "Cretan Greek", 588306, "el", } m["el-kth"] = { "Katharevousa", 35961, "el", "Polyt", ancestors = "gkm", aliases = {"Katharevousa Greek"}, -- Polyt display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["el-kal"] = { "Kaliarda", 12878658, "el", } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Indo-Iranian varieties -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Indo-Aryan varieties -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- reconstructed intermediate stages m["pra-pro"] = { "Proto-New Indo-Aryan", nil, "pra", } m["inc-ash-pro"] = { "Proto-Middle Indo-Aryan", nil, "inc-ash", } m["inc-mit"] = { "Mitanni", 1986700, "inc-pro", } m["bra-old"] = { "Old Braj", nil, "bra", } -- Apabhramsas m["inc-aav"] = { "Avahattha", nil, "inc-apa", aliases = {"Abahattha"}, } m["inc-asa"] = { "Sauraseni Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-apa", } m["inc-agu"] = { "Gurjara Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-apa", } m["inc-aka"] = { "Kasmiri Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-apa", } m["inc-ama"] = { "Maharastri Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-apa", } m["inc-ata"] = { "Takka Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-apa", } m["inc-avr"] = { "Vracada Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-apa", } -- Khortha varieties m["inc-khr-par"] = { "Parnadiya Khortha", nil, "inc-khr", } -- Assamese varieties m["as-bkm"] = { "Barpetia Kamrupi Assamese", 30642960, "as", } m["as-nkm"] = { "Nalbaria Kamrupi Assamese", 85787678, "as", } m["as-pkm"] = { "Palasbaria Kamrupi Assamese", nil, "as", } -- Bengali varieties m["bn-dvn"] = { "Dhakaiya Vaṅga Bengali", 48726851, "bn", -- Eastern Bengali variety } m["bn-nvn"] = { "Noakhailla Vaṅga Bengali", 107548681, "bn", -- Eastern Bengali variety } -- Dhivehi varieties m["dv-old"] = { "Old Dhivehi", 117790875, "dv", } m["dv-mul"] = { "Mulaku Dhivehi", nil, "dv", aliases = {"Mulaku Divehi", "Mulaku Bas"}, } m["dv-huv"] = { "Huvadhu Dhivehi", nil, "dv", aliases = {"Huvadhu Divehi", "Huvadhu Bas"}, } m["dv-add"] = { "Addu Dhivehi", nil, "dv", aliases = {"Addu Divehi", "Addu Bas"}, } -- Gujarati varieties m["gu-kat"] = { "Kathiyawadi", nil, "gu", aliases = {"Kathiyawadi Gujarati", "Kathiawadi"}, } m["gu-lda"] = { "Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati", nil, "gu", aliases = {"Lisan ud-Dawat", "LDA"}, } -- Hindi varieties m["hi-mum"] = { "Bombay Hindi", 3543151, "hi", aliases = {"Mumbai Hindi", "Bambaiyya Hindi"}, } m["hi-mid"] = { "Middle Hindi", nil, "inc-ohi", ancestors = "inc-ohi", } -- Konkani varieties m["kok-mid"] = { "Middle Konkani", nil, "kok", aliases = {"Medieval Konkani"}, } m["kok-old"] = { "Old Konkani", nil, "kok", aliases = {"Early Konkani"}, } -- Prakrits m["pra-ard"] = { "Ardhamagadhi Prakrit", 35217, "pra", aliases = {"Ardhamagadhi"}, } m["pra-hel"] = { "Helu Prakrit", 15080869, "pra", aliases = {"Elu", "Elu Prakrit", "Helu"}, } m["pra-kha"] = { "Khasa Prakrit", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Khasa"}, } m["pra-mag"] = { "Magadhi Prakrit", -- Not to be confused with Magahi (mag) 2652214, "pra", aliases = {"Magadhi"}, } m["pra-mah"] = { "Maharastri Prakrit", 2586773, "pra", aliases = {"Maharashtri Prakrit", "Maharastri", "Maharashtri"}, } m["pra-pai"] = { "Paisaci Prakrit", 2995607, "pra-sau", aliases = {"Paisaci", "Paisachi"}, ancestors = "pra-sau" } m["pra-sau"] = { "Sauraseni Prakrit", 2452885, "pra", aliases = {"Sauraseni", "Shauraseni"}, } m["pra-ava"] = { "Avanti", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Avanti Prakrit"}, } m["pra-pra"] = { "Pracya", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Pracya Prakrit"}, } m["pra-bah"] = { "Bahliki", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Bahliki Prakrit"}, } m["pra-dak"] = { "Daksinatya", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Daksinatya Prakrit"}, } m["pra-sak"] = { "Sakari", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Sakari Prakrit"}, } m["pra-can"] = { "Candali", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Candali Prakrit"}, } m["pra-sab"] = { "Sabari", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Sabari Prakrit"}, } m["pra-abh"] = { "Abhiri", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Abhiri Prakrit"}, } m["pra-dra"] = { "Dramili", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Dramili Prakrit"}, } m["pra-odr"] = { "Odri", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Odri Prakrit"}, } -- Punjabi varieties m["pnb"] = { "Western Punjabi", 58635, "pa", "Aran", } -- Sanskrit varieties m["vsn"] = { "Vedic Sanskrit", 36858, "sa", } m["cls"] = { "Classical Sanskrit", 9333703, "sa", } m["sa-bhs"] = { "Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit", 248758, "sa", } m["sa-bra"] = { "Brahmanic Sanskrit", 139822891, "vsn", } m["sa-epi"] = { "Epic Sanskrit", 56702805, "cls", } m["sa-neo"] = { "New Sanskrit", nil, "sa", } m["sa-rig"] = { "Rigvedic Sanskrit", 139822680, "vsn", } -- Sinhalese varieties m["si-med"] = { "Medieval Sinhalese", nil, "si", aliases = {"Medieval Sinhala"}, } ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Iranian varieties -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["qsb-bma"] = { "the BMAC substrate", 133187435, "und", family = "qfa-sub", aliases = {"the Bactria-Margiana substrate", "the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex substrate"}, } -- Historical and current Iranian dialects m["ae-old"] = { "Old Avestan", 29572, "ae", aliases = {"Gathic Avestan"}, } m["ae-yng"] = { "Younger Avestan", 29572, "ae-old", aliases = {"Young Avestan"}, } m["bcc"] = { "Southern Balochi", 33049, "bal", aliases = {"Southern Baluchi"}, } m["bgp"] = { "Eastern Balochi", 33049, "bal", aliases = {"Eastern Baluchi"}, } m["bgn"] = { "Western Balochi", 33049, "bal", aliases = {"Western Baluchi"}, } m["bsg-ban"] = { "Bandari", nil, "bsg", } m["bsg-hor"] = { "Hormozi", nil, "bsg", } m["bsg-min"] = { "Minabi", nil, "bsg", } m["kho-old"] = { "Old Khotanese", nil, "kho", } m["kho-lat"] = { "Late Khotanese", nil, "kho-old", } m["peo-ear"] = { "Early Old Persian", nil, "peo", } m["peo-lat"] = { "Late Old Persian", nil, "peo", } m["pal-ear"] = { "Early Middle Persian", nil, "pal", } m["pal-lat"] = { "Late Middle Persian", nil, "pal", ancestors = "pal-ear", } m["ps-nwe"] = { "Northwestern Pashto", nil, "ps", } m["ps-cgi"] = { "Central Ghilzay", nil, "ps-nwe", } m["ps-mah"] = { "Mahsudi", nil, "ps-nwe", } m["ps-nea"] = { "Northeastern Pashto", nil, "ps", } m["ps-afr"] = { "Afridi", nil, "ps-nea", } m["ps-bng"] = { "Bangash", nil, "ps-nea", } m["ps-xat"] = { "Khatak", nil, "ps-nea", } m["ps-pes"] = { "Peshawari", nil, "ps-nea", } m["ps-sea"] = { "Southeastern Pashto", nil, "ps", } m["ps-ban"] = { "Bannu", nil, "ps-sea", } m["ps-kak"] = { "Kakari", nil, "ps-sea", } m["ps-ser"] = { "Sher", nil, "ps-sea", } m["ps-waz"] = { "Waziri", 12274473, "ps-sea", } m["ps-swe"] = { "Southwestern Pashto", nil, "ps", } m["ps-kan"] = { "Kandahari", nil, "ps-swe", } m["ps-jad"] = { "Jadrani", nil, "ps", ancestors = "ira-pat-pro" } m["xme-azr"] = { "Old Azari", nil, "xme-ott", aliases = {"Old Azeri", "Azari", "Azeri", "Āḏarī", "Adari", "Adhari"}, } m["xme-ttc-cen"] = { "Central Tati", nil, "xme-ott", } m["xme-ttc-eas"] = { "Eastern Tati", nil, "xme-ott", } m["xme-ttc-nor"] = { "Northern Tati", nil, "xme-ott", } m["xme-ttc-sou"] = { "Southern Tati", nil, "xme-ott", } m["xme-ttc-wes"] = { "Western Tati", nil, "xme-ott", } m["xmn"] = { "Manichaean Middle Persian", nil, "pal-lat", } m["fa-ear"] = { "Early New Persian", 127413796, "fa", ancestors = "pal-lat", translit = "fa-cls-translit", } m["fa-cls"] = { "Classical Persian", 9168, "fa", ancestors = "fa-ear", translit = "fa-cls-translit", } m["fa-ira"] = { "Iranian Persian", 3513637, "fa", aliases = {"Modern Persian", "Western Persian"}, translit = "fa-ira-translit", } m["prs"] = { "Dari", 178440, "fa", aliases = {"Dari Persian", "Central Persian", "Eastern Persian", "Afghan Persian"}, translit = "fa-cls-translit", } m["haz"] = { "Hazaragi", 33398, "prs", translit = "fa-cls-translit", } m["os-dig"] = { "Digor Ossetian", 3027861, "os", aliases = {"Digoron", "Digor"}, } m["os-iro"] = { "Iron Ossetian", nil, "os", aliases = {"Iron"}, } m["sog-ear"] = { "Early Sogdian", nil, "sog", } m["sog-lat"] = { "Late Sogdian", nil, "sog-ear", } m["ro-MD"] = { "Moldovan", 36392, "ro", aliases = {"Moldavian"}, } m["oru-kan"] = { "Kaniguram", 6363164, "oru", } m["oru-log"] = { "Logar", nil, "oru", } m["oos"] = { "Old Ossetic", 65455882, "xln", } m["oos-ear"] = { "Early Old Ossetic", nil, "oos", } m["oos-lat"] = { "Late Old Ossetic", nil, "oos", } m["rdb-jir"] = { "Jirofti", nil, "rdb", } m["rdb-kah"] = { "Kahnuji", nil, "rdb", } -- Southwestern Fars lects m["fay-bur"] = { "Burenjani", nil, "fay", } m["fay-bsh"] = { "Bushehri", nil, "fay", } m["fay-dsh"] = { "Dashtaki", nil, "fay", } m["fay-dav"] = { "Davani", 5228140, "fay", } m["fay-eze"] = { "Emamzada Esmaili", nil, "fay", } m["fay-gav"] = { "Gavkoshaki", nil, "fay", } m["fay-kho"] = { "Khollari", nil, "fay", } m["fay-kon"] = { "Kondazi", nil, "fay", } m["fay-kzo"] = { "Old Kazeruni", nil, "fay", } m["fay-mas"] = { "Masarami", nil, "fay", } m["fay-pap"] = { "Papuni", nil, "fay", } m["fay-sam"] = { "Samghani", nil, "fay", } m["fay-shr"] = { "Shirazi", nil, "fay", } m["fay-sho"] = { "Old Shirazi", nil, "fay", } m["fay-kar"] = { "Khargi", nil, "fay", } m["fay-sor"] = { "Sorkhi", nil, "fay", } -- Talysh lects m["tly-cen"] = { "Central Talysh", nil, "tly", } m["tly-asa"] = { "Asalemi", nil, "tly-cen", } m["tly-kar"] = { "Karganrudi", nil, "tly-cen", } m["tly-tul"] = { "Tularudi", nil, "tly-cen", } m["tly-tal"] = { "Taleshdulabi", nil, "tly-cen", } m["tly-nor"] = { "Northern Talysh", nil, "tly", } m["tly-aze"] = { "Azerbaijani Talysh", nil, "tly-nor", } m["tly-anb"] = { "Anbarani", nil, "tly-nor", } m["tly-sou"] = { "Southern Talysh", nil, "tly", } m["tly-fum"] = { "Fumani", nil, "tly-sou", } m["tly-msu"] = { "Masulei", nil, "tly-sou", } m["tly-msa"] = { "Masali", nil, "tly-sou", } m["tly-san"] = { "Shandarmani", nil, "tly-sou", } -- Tafreshi lects m["xme-amo"] = { "Amorehi", nil, "xme-taf", } m["atn"] = { "Ashtiani", 3436590, "xme-taf", } m["xme-bor"] = { "Borujerdi", nil, "xme-taf", } m["xme-ham"] = { "Hamadani", 6302426, "xme-taf", } m["xme-kah"] = { "Kahaki", nil, "xme-taf", } m["vaf"] = { "Vafsi", 32611, "xme-taf", } -- Kermanic lects m["kfm"] = { "Khunsari", 6403030, "xme-ker", } m["xme-mah"] = { "Mahallati", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-von"] = { "Vonishuni", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-bdr"] = { "Badrudi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-del"] = { "Delijani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-kas"] = { "Kashani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-kes"] = { "Kesehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-mey"] = { "Meymehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["ntz"] = { "Natanzi", 6968399, "xme-ker", } m["xme-abz"] = { "Abuzeydabadi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-aby"] = { "Abyanehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-far"] = { "Farizandi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-jow"] = { "Jowshaqani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-nas"] = { "Nashalji", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-qoh"] = { "Qohrudi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-yar"] = { "Yarandi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["soj"] = { "Soi", 7930463, "xme-ker", aliases = {"Sohi"}, } m["xme-tar"] = { "Tari", nil, "xme-ker", } m["gzi"] = { "Gazi", 5529130, "xme-ker", } m["xme-sed"] = { "Sedehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-ard"] = { "Ardestani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-zef"] = { "Zefrehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-isf"] = { "Isfahani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-kaf"] = { "Kafroni", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-vrz"] = { "Varzenehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-xur"] = { "Khuri", nil, "xme-ker", } m["nyq"] = { "Nayini", 6983146, "xme-ker", } m["xme-ana"] = { "Anaraki", nil, "xme-ker", } m["gbz"] = { "Zoroastrian Dari", 32389, "xme-ker", aliases = {"Behdināni", "Gabri", "Gavrŭni", "Gabrōni"}, } m["xme-krm"] = { "Kermani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-yaz"] = { "Yazdi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-bid"] = { "Bidhandi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-bij"] = { "Bijagani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-cim"] = { "Chimehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-han"] = { "Hanjani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-kom"] = { "Komjani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-nar"] = { "Naraqi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-nus"] = { "Nushabadi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-qal"] = { "Qalhari", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-trh"] = { "Tarehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-val"] = { "Valujerdi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-var"] = { "Varani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-zor"] = { "Zori", nil, "xme-ker", } -- Ramandi lects m["tks-ebr"] = { "Ebrahimabadi", nil, "tks", } m["tks-sag"] = { "Sagzabadi", nil, "tks", } m["tks-esf"] = { "Esfarvarini", nil, "tks", } m["tks-tak"] = { "Takestani", nil, "tks", } m["tks-cal"] = { "Chali Tati", nil, "tks", aliases = {"Chāli"}, } m["tks-dan"] = { "Danesfani", nil, "tks", } m["tks-xia"] = { "Khiaraji", nil, "tks", } m["tks-xoz"] = { "Khoznini", nil, "tks", } -- Shughni dialects m["sgh-bro"] = { "Bartangi-Oroshori", nil, "sgh", } m["sgh-bar"] = { "Bartangi", nil, "sgh-bro", } m["sgh-oro"] = { "Oroshori", nil, "sgh-bro", aliases = {"Roshorvi"}, } m["sgh-rsx"] = { "Roshani-Khufi", nil, "sgh", } m["sgh-xuf"] = { "Khufi", 2562249, "sgh-rsx", aliases = {"Xufi", "Xūfī"}, } m["sgh-ros"] = { "Roshani", 2597566, "sgh-rsx", aliases = {"Rushani", "Rōšāni"}, } m["sgh-xgb"] = { "Khughni-Bajui", nil, "sgh", } m["sgh-xug"] = { "Khughni", nil, "sgh-xgb", } m["sgh-baj"] = { "Bajui", nil, "sgh-xgb", } ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Nuristani varieties -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["bsh-kat"] = { "Kativiri", 2605045, "bsh", aliases = {"Katə́viri"}, } m["xvi"] = { "Kamviri", 1193495, "bsh", aliases = {"Kamvíri"}, } m["bsh-mum"] = { "Mumviri", nil, "bsh", aliases = {"Mumvíri"}, } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Italic varieties -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Latin varieties -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Latin varieties by period m["itc-ala"] = { "Archaic Latin", nil, "la", "Latn, Ital", translit = { Ital = "Ital-translit", }, } m["itc-ola"] = { "Old Latin", 12289, "la", "Latn", ancestors = "itc-ala", } m["itc-lan"] = { "Lanuvian", 16890829, "la", aliases = {"Lanuvine"}, } m["itc-pra"] = { "Praenestine", 16889772, "la", aliases = {"Praenestinian"}, } m["la-cla"] = { "Classical Latin", 253854, "la", } m["la-vul"] = { "Vulgar Latin", 37560, "la-cla", } m["la-afr"] = { "African Romance", 162064, "roa-pro", } m["la-lat"] = { "Late Latin", 1503113, "la", ancestors = "la-cla", } m["la-med"] = { "Medieval Latin", 1163234, "la", ancestors = "la-lat", } m["la-eme"] = { "Early Medieval Latin", nil, "la-med", } m["la-ecc"] = { "Ecclesiastical Latin", 1247932, "la", aliases = {"Church Latin", "Liturgical Latin"}, ancestors = "la-lat", } m["la-ren"] = { "Renaissance Latin", 499083, "la", ancestors = "la-med", } m["la-new"] = { "New Latin", 1248221, "la", aliases = {"Modern Latin"}, ancestors = "la-ren", } m["la-con"] = { "Contemporary Latin", 1246397, "la-new", } ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miscellaneous Italic varieties -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["xfa-cap"] = { "Capenate", 133182969, "xfa", } m["osc-luc"] = { "Lucanian", 3265025, "osc", } m["osc-sam"] = { "Samnite", 133184287, "osc", } ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Romance varieties -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["roa-pro"] = { "Proto-Romance", 3408029, "la-lat", ancestors = "la-vul", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Catalan varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["ca-val"] = { "Valencian", 32641, "ca", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Franco-Provençal varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["frp-old"] = { "Old Franco-Provençal", nil, "frp", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- French and derived creole varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["fro-nor"] = { "Old Northern French", 2044917, "fro", aliases = {"Old Norman", "Old Norman French"}, } m["fro-pic"] = { "Picard Old French", nil, "fro", } m["xno"] = { "Anglo-Norman", 35214, "fro-nor", } m["xno-law"] = { "Law French", 2044323, "xno", } m["zrp"] = { "Zarphatic", 36994, "fro", aliases = {"Judeo-French"}, pseudo_families = "qfa-jew", } m["fr-CA"] = { "Canadian French", 1450506, "fr", } m["fr-CH"] = { "Swiss French", 1480152, "fr", } m["fr-aca"] = { "Acadian French", 415109, "fr", } m["fr-lou"] = { "Louisiana French", 3083213, "fr", } m["fr-mis"] = { "Missouri French", 3083210, "fr", } m["frc"] = { "Cajun French", 880301, "fr-lou", } m["ht-sdm"] = { "Saint Dominican Creole French", nil, "ht", ancestors = "fr", } -- Norman varieties m["nrf-grn"] = { "Guernsey Norman", 56428, "nrf", aliases = {"Guernsey"}, } m["nrf-jer"] = { "Jersey Norman", 56430, "nrf", aliases = {"Jersey"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Gallo-Italic varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["egl-old"] = { "Old Emilian", nil, "egl", } m["lij-old"] = { "Old Ligurian", nil, "lij", aliases = {"Old Genoese"}, } m["lmo-old"] = { "Old Lombard", 97165320, "lmo", } m["pms-old"] = { "Old Piedmontese", nil, "pms", aliases = {"Old Piemontese"}, } m["vec-old"] = { "Old Venetan", nil, "vec", aliases = {"Old Venetian"}, } m["rgn-old"] = { "Old Romagnol", nil, "rgn", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Italo-Romance varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Italian varieties m["roa-oit"] = { "Old Italian", nil, "it", } m["it-CH"] = { "Switzerland Italian", 672147, "it", } -- Other Italo-Romance varieties m["nap-old"] = { "Old Neapolitan", nil, "nap", } m["scn-old"] = { "Old Sicilian", nil, "scn", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Occitan varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["oc-auv"] = { "Auvergnat", 35359, "oc", aliases = {"Auvernhat", "Auvergnese"}, } m["oc-gas"] = { "Gascon", 35735, "oc", } -- standardized dialect of Gascon m["oc-ara"] = { "Aranese", 10196, "oc-gas", } m["oc-lan"] = { "Languedocien", 942602, "oc", aliases = {"Lengadocian"}, } m["oc-lim"] = { "Limousin", 427614, "oc", } m["oc-pro"] = { "Provençal", 241243, "oc", aliases = {"Provencal"}, } m["oc-pro-old"] = { "Old Provençal", 2779185, "pro", } m["oc-viv"] = { "Vivaro-Alpine", 1649613, "oc", } m["oc-jud"] = { "Shuadit", 56472, "oc", aliases = { "Chouhadite", "Chouhadit", "Chouadite", "Chouadit", "Shuhadit", "Judeo-Occitan", "Judæo-Occitan", "Judaeo-Occitan", "Judeo-Provençal", "Judæo-Provençal", "Judaeo-Provençal", "Judeo-Provencal", "Judaeo-Provencal", "Judeo-Comtadin", "Judæo-Comtadin", "Judaeo-Comtadin", }, pseudo_families = "qfa-jew", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Portuguese and derived creole varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Portuguese m["pt-BR"] = { "Brazilian Portuguese", 750553, "pt", } m["pt-PT"] = { "European Portuguese", 922399, "pt", } -- Kabuverdianu (Cape Verde Creole, Cape Verdean Creole) m["kea-bar"] = { "Barlavento Kabuverdianu", 2217638, "kea", aliases = {"Barlavento", "Barlavento Creole", "Sampadjudu"}, } m["kea-bvi"] = { "Boa Vista Kabuverdianu", 16501837, "kea-bar", aliases = {"Boa Vista Creole"}, } m["kea-sal"] = { "Sal Kabuverdianu", 18707467, "kea-bar", aliases = {"Sal Creole"}, } m["kea-saa"] = { "Santo Antão Kabuverdianu", 18707472, "kea-bar", aliases = {"Santo Antão Creole"}, } m["kea-sni"] = { "São Nicolau Kabuverdianu", 18707549, "kea-bar", aliases = {"São Nicolau Creole"}, } m["kea-svi"] = { "São Vicente Kabuverdianu", 18707550, "kea-bar", aliases = {"São Vicente Creole"}, } m["kea-sot"] = { "Sotavento Kabuverdianu", 10261559, "kea", aliases = {"Sotavento", "Sotavento Creole", "Badiu"}, } m["kea-bra"] = { "Brava Kabuverdianu", 18670181, "kea-sot", aliases = {"Brava Creole"}, } m["kea-fog"] = { "Fogo Kabuverdianu", 18706861, "kea-sot", aliases = {"Fogo Creole"}, } m["kea-mai"] = { "Maio Kabuverdianu", 18707286, "kea-sot", aliases = {"Maio Creole"}, } m["kea-san"] = { "Santiago Kabuverdianu", 35117, "kea-sot", aliases = {"Santiago Creole"}, } m["kea-alu"] = { "ALUPEC Kabuverdianu", 375704, "kea", aliases = {"ALUPEC", "Alfabeto Unificado para a Escrita do Cabo-Verdiano"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Rhaeto-Romance varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Friulian varieties m["fur-old"] = { "Old Friulian", nil, "fur", } -- Ladin varieties m["lld-amp"] = { "Ampezan Ladin", 25617466, "lld", aliases = {"Anpezan", "Ampezan", "Ampezzan", "Ampezzano"}, } m["lld-bad"] = { "Badiot Ladin", 3706562, "lld", aliases = {"Badiot", "Badioto", "Badiotto"}, } m["lld-cad"] = { "Cadorino Ladin", 3706570, "lld", aliases = {"Cadorino"}, } m["lld-fas"] = { "Fascian Ladin", 742627, "lld", aliases = {"Fascian", "Fassano"}, } m["lld-fod"] = { "Fodom Ladin", 3706605, "lld", aliases = {"Fodom", "Livinallese"}, } m["lld-for"] = { "Fornes Ladin", 5470374, "lld", aliases = {"Fornes"}, } m["lld-ghe"] = { "Gherdëina Ladin", 3706597, "lld", aliases = {"Gherdëina", "Gardenese", "Val Gardena"}, } m["lld-non"] = { "Nones Ladin", 1055027, "lld", aliases = {"Nones", "Noneso"}, } -- Romansh varieties m["rm-old"] = { "Old Romansh", nil, "rm", } m["rm-put"] = { "Puter Romansh", 688309, "rm", aliases = {"Puter", "Putèr", "Upper Engadine", "rm-puter"}, } m["rm-srm"] = { "Surmiran Romansh", 690216, "rm", aliases = {"Surmiran", "rm-surmiran", "Surmiran-Albula", -- Glottolog }, } m["rm-srs"] = { "Sursilvan Romansh", 688348, "rm", aliases = {"Sursilvan", "rm-sursilv"}, } m["rm-sut"] = { "Sutsilvan Romansh", 688272, "rm", aliases = {"Sutsilvan", "rm-sutsilv"}, varieties = {"Scharans Sutsilvan"}, -- per Glottolog } m["rm-val"] = { "Vallader Romansh", 690226, "rm", aliases = {"Vallader", "Putèr", "Lower Engadine", "rm-vallader"}, } m["rm-gri"] = { "Rumantsch Grischun", 688873, "rm", aliases = {"rm-rumgr"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Sardinian varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["sc-old"] = { "Old Sardinian", nil, "sc", } m["sc-src"] = { "Logudorese", 777974, "sc", aliases = {"Logudorese Sardinian"}, } m["sc-nuo"] = { "Nuorese", nil, "sc-src", aliases = {"Nuorese Sardinian"}, } m["sc-sro"] = { "Campidanese", 35348, "sc", aliases = {"Campidanese Sardinian"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Spanish varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["es-ear"] = { "Early Modern Spanish", 5364419, "es", } m["es-AR"] = { "Rioplatense Spanish", 509780, "es", } m["es-BO"] = { "Bolivian Spanish", 510730, "es", } m["es-CL"] = { "Chilean Spanish", 857295, "es", } m["es-CO"] = { "Colombian Spanish", 1115875, "es", } m["es-CU"] = { "Cuban Spanish", 824909, "es", } m["es-MX"] = { "Mexican Spanish", 616620, "es", } m["es-PE"] = { "Peruvian Spanish", 736236, "es", } m["es-PH"] = { "Philippine Spanish", 22091406, "es", } m["es-US"] = { "United States Spanish", 2301077, "es", aliases = {"US Spanish"}, } --use label "US Spanish" to put Spanish terms in this category m["es-PR"] = { "Puerto Rican Spanish", 7258609, "es", } m["es-VE"] = { "Venezuelan Spanish", 840017, "es", } m["es-lun"] = { "Lunfardo", 1401612, "es", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Japonic varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Japanese varieties m["ja-mid"] = { "Middle Japanese", 6841474, "ojp", ancestors = "ojp", } m["ja-mid-ear"] = { "Early Middle Japanese", 182695, "ja-mid", } m["ja-mid-lat"] = { "Late Middle Japanese", 1816184, "ja-mid", ancestors = "ja-mid-ear", } m["ja-ear"] = { "Early Modern Japanese", 5326692, "ja", ancestors = "ja-mid-lat", } m["ojp-eas"] = { "Eastern Old Japanese", 65247957, "ojp", } m["ja-cla"] = { "Classical Japanese", 1332057, "ja", -- FIXME: This is redundant because Classical Japanese is considered a child of (Modern) Japanese, which has ja-mid-ear -- (as well as ja-mid-lat) as ancestors. However, the intent here is that the *direct* ancestor of ja-cla is ja-mid-ear -- and ja-mid-lat is not an ancestor. Need to rethink ancestor handling. -- ancestors = "ja-mid-ear", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Koreanic varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Korean varieties m["oko-lat"] = { "Late Old Korean", nil, "oko", } m["okm-ear"] = { "Early Middle Korean", nil, "okm", } m["ko-cen"] = { "Central Korean", nil, "ko", } m["ko-gyg"] = { "Gyeonggi Korean", 485492, "ko-cen", aliases = {"Seoul Korean"}, } m["ko-chu"] = { "Chungcheong Korean", 625800, "ko-cen", aliases = {"Hoseo Korean"}, } m["ko-hwa"] = { "Hwanghae Korean", 16183706, "ko-cen", } m["ko-gan"] = { "Gangwon Korean", 11260444, "ko-cen", aliases = {"Yeongdong Korean"}, } m["ko-gys"] = { "Gyeongsang Korean", 488002, "ko", aliases = {"Southeastern Korean"}, } m["ko-jeo"] = { "Jeolla Korean", 11250166, "ko", aliases = {"Southwestern Korean"}, } m["ko-pyo"] = { "Pyongan Korean", 7263142, "ko", aliases = {"Northwestern Korean"}, } m["ko-ham"] = { "Hamgyong Korean", 860702, "ko", aliases = {"Northeastern Korean"}, } m["ko-yuk"] = { "Yukjin Korean", 16171275, "ko", aliases = {"Yukchin Korean", "Ryukjin Korean", "Ryukchin Korean"}, } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Mongolic varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["xng-ear"] = { "Early Middle Mongol", nil, "xng", } m["xng-lat"] = { "Late Middle Mongol", nil, "xng", ancestors = "xng-ear", } m["mn-kha"] = { "Khalkha Mongolian", 6399808, "mn", aliases = {"Khalkha"}, } m["mn-ord"] = { "Ordos Mongolian", 716904, "mn", aliases = {"Ordos"}, } m["mn-cha"] = { "Chakhar Mongolian", 907425, "mn", aliases = {"Chakhar"}, } m["mn-khr"] = { "Khorchin Mongolian", 3196210, "mn", aliases = {"Khorchin"}, } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Niger-Congo varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Akan varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["tw"] = { "Twi Akan", 36850, "ak", aliases = {"Twi"}, } m["abr"] = { "Abron", 34831, "tw", aliases = {"Brong", "Bono", "Bono Twi"}, } m["tw-asa"] = { "Asante Twi", 19261685, "tw", aliases = {"Asante", "Ashanti", "Ashante"}, } m["tw-aku"] = { "Akuapem Twi", 31150449, "tw", aliases = {"Akuapem", "Akuapim", "Akwapem Twi", "Akwapi"}, } m["fat"] = { "Fante Akan", 35570, "ak", aliases = {"Fante", "Fanti", "Fantse", "Mfantse"}, } m["wss"] = { "Wasa", 36914, "ak", } -- creole m["alv-kro"] = { "Kromanti", 1093206, "crp-mar", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Bantu varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["bnt-cmn"] = { "Common Bantu", nil, "bnt-pro", } m["xh-bha"] = { "Bhaca", 4900493, "xh", aliases = {"isiBhaca", "IsiBhaca"}, } -- Rwanda-Rundi varieties m["rw-kin"] = { "Kinyarwanda", 33573, "rw", aliases = {"Rwanda"}, } m["rw-run"] = { "Kirundi", 33583, "rw", aliases = {"Rundi"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Fula varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["fuc"] = { "Pulaar", 1420205, "ff", } m["fuf"] = { "Pular", 3915357, "ff", } m["ffm"] = { "Maasina Fulfulde", 3915322, "ff", } m["fue"] = { -- no enwiki entry as of yet but frwiki and pmswiki have one "Borgu Fulfulde", 12952426, "ff", } m["fuh"] = { -- no enwiki entry as of yet but frwiki and pmswiki have one "Western Niger Fulfulde", 12952430, "ff", } m["fuq"] = { -- no enwiki entry as of yet but frwiki, hrwiki and pmswiki have one "Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde", 12628799, "ff", } m["fuv"] = { -- no enwiki entry as of yet but dewiki, frwiki, hrwiki, pmswiki and swwiki have one "Nigerian Fulfulde", 36129, "ff", } m["fub"] = { -- no enwiki entry as of yet but dewiki, frwiki, hrwiki, pmswiki, ptwiki, swwiki and yowiki have one "Adamawa Fulfulde", 34776, "ff", } m["fui"] = { -- no enwiki entry as of yet but pmswiki and swwiki have one "Bagirmi Fulfulde", 11003859, "ff", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Papuan varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["kze"] = { "Kosena", 12952663, "auy", } m["ont"] = { "Ontenu", 3352827, "gaj", aliases = {"Ontena"}, } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Salishan varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["lut-nor"] = { "Northern Lushootseed", nil, "lut", aliases = {"Northern Puget Sound Salish"}, } m["slh"] = { "Southern Lushootseed", 7997684, "lut", aliases = {"Southern Puget Sound Salish", "Twulshootseed", "Whulshootseed"}, } m["ska"] = { "Skagit", 12642471, "lut-nor", } m["sno"] = { "Snohomish", 25559662, "lut-nor", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sino-Tibetan varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["tbq-pro"] = { "Proto-Tibeto-Burman", 7251864, "sit-pro", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Chinese varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- ------------- Old Chinese, Middle Chinese ------------- m["och-ear"] = { "Early Old Chinese", nil, "och", } m["och-lat"] = { "Late Old Chinese", nil, "och", } m["ltc-ear"] = { "Early Middle Chinese", nil, "ltc", } m["ltc-lat"] = { "Late Middle Chinese", nil, "ltc", } ------------- Classical/Literary varieties ------------- -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-shi"] = { "Traditional Chinese poetry", 1759242, "lzh", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-cii"] = { "Ci", 1091366, "lzh", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-yue"] = { "Classical Cantonese", nil, "lzh", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-cmn"] = { "Classical Mandarin", nil, "lzh", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-tai"] = { "Classical Taishanese", nil, "lzh", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-cmn-TW"] = { "Classical Taiwanese Mandarin", nil, "lzh-cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-VI"] = { "Vietnamese Classical Chinese", 17034227, "lzh", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-KO"] = { "Korean Classical Chinese", 10496257, "lzh", ietf_subtag = "lzh-KR" -- KR = South Korea, as there is no code for Korea as a whole } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-lit"] = { "Literary Chinese", nil, "lzh", } -- FIXME: Temporary. FIXME: Do we need this? How does it differ from Old Chinese? m["lzh-pre"] = { "Pre-Classical Chinese", nil, "lzh", } ------------- Written Vernacular varieties ------------- -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-wvc"] = { "Written vernacular Mandarin", 783605, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. FIXME: How does this differ from "Literary Cantonese"? m["yue-wvc"] = { "Written vernacular Cantonese", nil, "yue", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["zhx-tai-wvc"] = { "Written vernacular Taishanese", nil, "zhx-tai", } ------------- Mandarin varieties ------------- -- FIXME: Temporary. NOTE: The Linguist List assigns the "w:Beijing dialect" (Wikidata 1147606) the code "cmn-bej" and -- the larger "w:Beijing Mandarin (division of Mandarin)" dialect group (Wikidata 2169652; what we call "Beijingic -- Mandarin", after Glottolog) the code "cmn-bei". m["cmn-bei"] = { "Beijing Mandarin", 1147606, "cmn-bec", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-bec"] = { "Beijingic Mandarin", 2169652, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. NOTE: The Linguist List uses the code cmn-zho. m["cmn-cep"] = { "Central Plains Mandarin", 3048775, "cmn", aliases = {"Zhongyuan Mandarin"}, } m["cmn-ear"] = { "Early Mandarin", 837169, "cmn", ancestors = "ltc", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-gua"] = { "Guanzhong Mandarin", 3431648, "cmn-cep", } -- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Guiliu Mandarin, which in turn is a subdialect of Southwestern Mandarin. m["cmn-gui"] = { "Guilin Mandarin", 11111636, "cmn-sow", } m["cmn-jhu"] = { "Jianghuai Mandarin", 2128953, "cmn", aliases = {"Lower Yangtze Mandarin"}, } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-lan"] = { "Lanyin Mandarin", 662754, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-MY"] = { "Malaysian Mandarin", 13646143, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-nan"] = { "Nanjing Mandarin", 2681098, "cmn-jhu", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-noe"] = { "Northeastern Mandarin", 1064504, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-PH"] = { "Philippine Mandarin", 7185155, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-SG"] = { "Singapore Mandarin", 1048980, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-sow"] = { "Southwestern Mandarin", 2609239, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Jilu Mandarin. m["cmn-tia"] = { "Tianjin Mandarin", 7800220, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. NOTE: Wikidata also has Q4380827 "Taiwanese Mandarin", defined as "rare dialect of Standard Chinese -- (Mandarin) used in Taiwan, which is strongly influenced by Taiwanese Hokkien; mostly used by elderlies" and having no -- English Wikipedia article (but see w:zh:臺灣國語). m["cmn-TW"] = { "Taiwanese Mandarin", 262828, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Wu-Tian Mandarin, in turn a subdialect of Southwestern Mandarin. -- Given the code cmn-xwu in the Linguist List. m["cmn-wuh"] = { "Wuhan Mandarin", 11124731, "cmn-sow", aliases = {"Wuhanese"}, } -- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Lanyin Mandarin. m["cmn-xin"] = { "Xining Mandarin", nil, "cmn-lan", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-yan"] = { "Yangzhou Mandarin", nil, "cmn-jhu", } ------------- Cantonese varieties ------------- -- FIXME: Temporary. m["yue-gua"] = { "Guangzhou Cantonese", nil, "yue", } -- FIXME: Temporary. Given the codes yue-yue or yue-can in the Linguist List. m["yue-HK"] = { "Hong Kong Cantonese", 5894342, "yue", } -- FIXME: Temporary. FIXME: How does this differ from "Written vernacular Cantonese"? m["yue-lit"] = { "Literary Cantonese", 2472605, "yue", } ------------- Wu varieties ------------- m["wuu-han"] = { "Hangzhounese", 5648144, "wuu", } m["wuu-nin"] = { "Ningbonese", 3972199, "wuu", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["wuu-nor"] = { "Northern Wu", 7675988, "wuu", aliases = {"Taihu Wu"}, } -- FIXME: Temporary? Subvariety of Taihu Wu. NOTE: "chm" stands for Chongming, the main dialect, to avoid a conflict -- with Shanghainese. m["wuu-chm"] = { "Shadi Wu", 6112340, "wuu-nor", } m["wuu-sha"] = { "Shanghainese", 36718, "wuu-nor", } m["wuu-suz"] = { "Suzhounese", 831744, "wuu-nor", } -- FIXME: Temporary. May be converted into a full language and/or split. m["wuu-wen"] = { "Wenzhounese", 710218, "wuu", } ------------- Xiang varieties ------------- m["hsn-lou"] = { "Loudi Xiang", 10943823, "hsn-old", } m["hsn-hya"] = { "Hengyang Xiang", 20689035, "hsn-hzh", } m["hsn-hzh"] = { "Hengzhou Xiang", nil, "hsn", } m["hsn-new"] = { "New Xiang", 7012696, "hsn", aliases = {"Chang-Yi"}, } m["hsn-old"] = { "Old Xiang", 7085453, "hsn", aliases = {"Lou-Shao"}, } ------------- Hakka varieties ------------- -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-dab"] = { "Dabu Hakka", 19855566, "hak", -- formerly hak-TW but seems to be spoken primary in Dabu County in Guangdong } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-eam"] = { "Early Modern Hakka", nil, "hak", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-hai"] = { "Hailu Hakka", 17038519, "hak", -- often considered a Taiwanese lect but also spoken in [[Shanwei]], [[Guangdong]] } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-HK"] = { "Hong Kong Hakka", 2675834, "hak", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-hui"] = { "Huiyang Hakka", 16873881, "hak", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-hui-MY"] = { "Malaysian Huiyang Hakka", nil, "hak-hui", } -- FIXME: Temporary. Similar to and possibly the parent of Sixian Hakka in Taiwan. m["hak-mei"] = { "Meixian Hakka", 839295, "hak", aliases = {"Moiyan Hakka", "Meizhou Hakka"}, } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-six"] = { "Sixian Hakka", 9668261, "hak-TW", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-TW"] = { "Taiwanese Hakka", 2391532, "hak", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-zha"] = { "Zhao'an Hakka", 6703311, "hak", aliases = {"Zhangzhou Hakka"}, } -- Southern Min varieties -- m["nan-anx"] = { "Anxi Hokkien", 97064149, "nan-qua", } m["nan-cha"] = { "Changtai Hokkien", nil, "nan-zha", } m["nan-hou"] = { "Houlu Min", 19855492, "nan-dat", } m["nan-hui"] = { "Hui'an Hokkien", 16241797, "nan-qua", } m["nan-jin"] = { "Jinjiang Hokkien", 11089375, "nan-qua", } m["nan-kin"] = { "Kinmenese Hokkien", 56278342, "nan-xia", aliases = {"Kinmen Hokkien"}, } m["nan-med"] = { "Medan Hokkien", 6805114, "nan-zha", } m["nan-pen"] = { "Penang Hokkien", 11120689, "nan-zha", } m["nan-hbl-PH"] = { "Philippine Hokkien", 3236692, "nan-qua", } m["nan-qia"] = { "Qianlu Min", 19842517, "nan-dat", } m["nan-qua"] = { "Quanzhou Hokkien", 2251677, "nan-hbl", aliases = {"Chinchew", "Choanchew"}, } -- FIXME: Temporary? Derived from both Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien. m["nan-hbl-SG"] = { "Singapore Hokkien", 3846528, "nan-hbl", } m["nan-spm"] = { "Southern Malaysian Hokkien", 7570322, "nan-qua", aliases = {"Southern Malaysia Hokkien", "Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien", "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Hokkien"} } m["nan-hbl-TW"] = { "Taiwanese Hokkien", 36778, "nan-hbl", } m["nan-ton"] = { "Tong'an Hokkien", nil, "nan-xia", } m["nan-xia"] = { "Xiamen Hokkien", 68744, "nan-hbl", aliases = {"Amoy", "Amoyese", "Amoynese", "Xiamenese"}, } m["nan-yon"] = { "Yongchun Hokkien", 65118728, "nan-qua", } m["nan-zha"] = { "Zhangzhou Hokkien", 8070492, "nan-hbl", aliases = {"Changchew", "Chiangchew", "Changchow"}, } m["nan-zho"] = { "Zhao'an Hokkien", 65118728, "nan-zha", aliases = {"Zhao'an", "Chawan", "Chawan Hokkien"}, } m["nan-zhp"] = { "Zhangping Hokkien", 15937822, "nan-zha", } ------------- Other Min varieties ------------- -- FIXME: Temporary. Affiliation within Min uncertain; some combination of Eastern and Southern. m["zhx-zho"] = { "Zhongshan Min", 8070958, "zh", } ------------- Other Chinese varieties ------------- -- FIXME: Temporary. Affiliation within Chinese uncertain; possibly Yue. m["zhx-dan"] = { "Danzhou Chinese", 2578935, "zh", } ------------- Chinese romanization varieties ------------- -- [[Wiktionary:Information desk/2022/June#Etymology Coding Issue]] -- [[Wiktionary:Grease pit/2022/June#Transliteration Systems in Etymologies 2]] m["cmn-pinyin"] = { "Hanyu Pinyin", 42222, "cmn", aliases = {"Pinyin"}, } m["cmn-tongyong"] = { "Tongyong Pinyin", 700739, "cmn", } m["cmn-wadegiles"] = { "Wade–Giles", 208442, "cmn", aliases = {"Wade-Giles", "Wade Giles"}, } m["zh-postal"] = { "Postal Romanization", 151868, "zh", } -- Chinese cyrillization m["cmn-palladius"] = { "Palladius", 1234239, "cmn", aliases = {"Palladius system"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Tibetic varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["adx"] = { "Amdo Tibetan", 56509, "bo", } m["kbg"] = { "Khamba", 12952626, "bo", } m["khg"] = { "Khams Tibetan", 56601, "bo", } m["tsk"] = { "Tseku", 11159532, "bo", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tai-Kadai varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["th-old"] = { "Old Thai", nil, "tai-swe-pro", wikipedia_article = "Thai language#Old Thai", } m["th-suk"] = { "Sukhothai Old Thai", -- 1238-1438. Cannot use "Sukhothai Thai" as Sukhothai is the current city and "Sukhothai Thai" is a lect. nil, "th-old", aliases = {"Sukhothai Siamese"}, wikipedia_article = "Thai language#Old Thai", } m["th-ayu"] = { "Ayutthaya Old Thai", -- 1351-1767. Cannot use "Ayutthaya Thai" as Ayutthaya is the current city. nil, "th-old", aliases = {"Ayutthaya Siamese"}, wikipedia_article = "Thai language#Old Thai", } --[[ m["th-new"] = { "Hacked Thai", -- temporary for testing new translit/display methods nil, "th", translit = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit", display_text = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit", strip_diacritics = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit", preprocess_links = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit", } ]] m["tai-shz"] = { "Shangsi Zhuang", 13216, "za", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Turkic varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["trk-cmn-pro"] = { "Proto-Common Turkic", 1126028, "trk-pro", } m["trk-ogr-pro"] = { "Proto-Oghur", 1422731, "trk-pro", family = "trk-ogr", } m["trk-bul-pro"] = { "Proto-Bulgar", nil, "trk-ogr-pro", } m["trk-ogz-pro"] = { "Proto-Oghuz", 494600, "trk-pro", family = "trk-ogz", aliases = {"Southwestern Common Turkic"}, } m["crh-dbj"] = { "Dobrujan Tatar", 12811566, "crh", aliases = {"Romanian Tatar"}, } m["cv-ana"] = { "Anatri Chuvash", nil, "cv", aliases = {"Anatri", "Lower Chuvash"}, } m["cv-mid"] = { "Middle Chuvash", nil, "cv", ancestors = "cv-old", } m["cv-old"] = { "Old Chuvash", nil, "cv", ancestors = "xbo-vol", } m["cv-vir"] = { "Viryal Chuvash", 4278332, "cv", aliases = {"Viryal", "Upper Chuvash"}, } m["kjh-fyu"] = { "Fuyu Kyrgyz", 2598963, "kjh", aliases = {"Fuyu Kirgiz", "Fuyu Kirghiz", "Manchurian Kyrgyz", "Manchurian Kirgiz", "Manchurian Kirghiz"}, } m["klj-arg"] = { "Arghu", 33455, "klj", ancestors = "trk-cmn-pro", } m["otk-kir"] = { "Old Kirghiz", 83142, "otk", aliases = {"Yenisei Turkic", "Yenisei Kyrgyz"}, } m["otk-ork"] = { "Orkhon Turkic", 31295480, "otk", } m["qwm-cum"] = { "Cuman", 1075050, "qwm", aliases = {"Kuman", "Polovtsian", "Polovcian"}, } m["qwm-arm"] = { "Armeno-Kipchak", 2027503, "qwm", ancestors = "qwm-cum", aliases = {"Xıpçaχ tili", "Tatarça"}, } m["qwm-mam"] = { "Mamluk-Kipchak", 4279942, "qwm", aliases = {"Mameluk-Kipchak"}, } m["az-cls"] = { "Classical Azerbaijani", nil, "az", aliases = {"Classical Azeri"}, } m["qxq"] = { "Qashqai", 13192, "az", aliases = {"Qaşqay", "Qashqayi", "Kashkai", "Kashkay"}, } m["tr-CY"] = { "Cypriot Turkish", 7917392, "tr", } m["uz-afg"] = { -- NOTE: has ISO 639-3 code uzs assigned to it. "Afghan Uzbek", 1066787, "uz", aliases = {"Southern Uzbek"}, translit = "uz-afg-translit", } m["xbo-dan"] = { "Danube Bulgar", nil, "xbo", } m["xbo-vol"] = { "Volga Bulgar", nil, "xbo", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Uralic varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["fiu-pro"] = { "Proto-Finno-Ugric", 79890, "urj-pro", } m["urj-fpr-pro"] = { "Proto-Finno-Permic", nil, "urj-pro", } m["krl-nor"] = { "North Karelian", 125501196, "krl", } m["krl-sou"] = { "South Karelian", 129812730, "krl", } m["mns-eas"] = { "Eastern Mansi", 30311755, "mns-cen", } m["mns-wes"] = { "Western Mansi", 30311756, "mns-cen", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Yeneseian varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["qfa-yke-pro"] = { "Proto-Ketic", nil, "qfa-yen-pro", family = "qfa-yke", } m["qfa-yko-pro"] = { "Proto-Kottic", nil, "qfa-yen-pro", family = "qfa-yko", } m["qfa-yrn-pro"] = { "Proto-Arinic", nil, "qfa-yen-pro", family = "qfa-yrn", } m["qfa-ypm-pro"] = { "Proto-Pumpokolic", nil, "qfa-yen-pro", family = "qfa-ypm", } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miscellaneous varieties -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m["mul-tax"] = { "taxonomic name", 522190, "mul", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Elamite varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["elx-old"] = { "Old Elamite", nil, "elx", } m["elx-mid"] = { "Middle Elamite", nil, "elx", } m["elx-neo"] = { "Neo-Elamite", nil, "elx", } m["elx-ach"] = { "Achaemenid Elamite", nil, "elx", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Substrates -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Pre-Roman substrates m["qsb-ibe"] = { "Paleo-Hispanic", 246801, "und", family = "qfa-sub", aliases = {"Palaeo-Hispanic", "Paleohispanic", "Palaeohispanic", "Paleo-Iberian", "Palaeo-Iberian"}, } m["qsb-bal"] = { "Paleo-Balkan", 1815070, "und", family = "qfa-sub", aliases = {"Palaeo-Balkan", "Paleobalkan", "Palaeobalkan"}, } m["xaq"] = { "Aquitanian", 500522, "euq-pro", family = "euq", } return require("Module:languages").finalizeData(m, "language", true) sj8khmnmqtp0kaqpfhs75y9eu6zbhrv 828 304102 488095 477759 2026-09-04T20:02:11Z SM7 6218 updating... 488095 Scribunto text/plain --[=[ Authors: [[User:kc_kennylau]], [[User:JohnC5]], [[User:Erutuon]], [[User:Suzukaze-c]], [[User:Theknightwho]], [[User:AryamanA]] --]=] local export = {} local regular_languages = require("Module:languages/code to canonical name") local etymology_languages = require("Module:etymology languages/code to canonical name") local families = require("Module:families/code to canonical name") function export.find_subtree(t, code) for _, val in ipairs(t) do if val.name == code then -- "name" is really code return {val} end local result = export.find_subtree(val, code) if result ~= nil then return result end end end local family_icon = "F" local variety_icon = "V" local proto_language_icon = family_icon local family_with_proto_language_icon = family_icon local function format_node(code, is_protolanguage_or_has_protolanguage, options) local canonical_name, category_name, class, icon, tooltip, lemma_count_text if regular_languages[code] then canonical_name = regular_languages[code] category_name = canonical_name:match(" [Ll]anguage$") and canonical_name or canonical_name .. " भाषा" class = "familytree-lang" if is_protolanguage_or_has_protolanguage then class = class .. ' familytree-protolang' icon = proto_language_icon end -- Add lemma count if the lemma_count option is set and category name exists if options and options.lemma_count and category_name then page_count = mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory( canonical_name .. " लेम्मा", "pages" ) lemma_count_text = ' (' .. page_count .. ')' end elseif etymology_languages[code] then canonical_name = etymology_languages[code] class = "familytree-etymlang" icon = variety_icon tooltip = "Variety" elseif families[code] then canonical_name = families[code] category_name = (canonical_name:match(" [Ll]anguages$") or canonical_name:match(" [Ll]ects$")) and canonical_name or canonical_name .. " भाषाएँ" class = "familytree-family" if is_protolanguage_or_has_protolanguage then class = class .. ' familytree-hasprotolang' icon = family_with_proto_language_icon else icon = family_icon end tooltip = "भाषा परिवार" end return '<span class="' .. class .. '" ' .. (tooltip and 'title="' .. tooltip .. '"' or '') .. '>' .. '[[:Category:' .. (category_name or canonical_name) .. '|' .. canonical_name .. ' <span class="familytree-code">(' .. code .. ')</span>]]' .. (icon and ' <span class="familytree-icon">' .. icon .. '</span>' or '') -- Include lemma count text if available .. (lemma_count_text or '') .. '</span>' end -- If neither options.show_all_families or options.show_etymology_languages is -- falsy, then this function does nothing. local function filter_nested_data(nested_data, options, protolanguage_of, is_protolanguage) if not nested_data then -- ??? return nil else local name = nested_data.name local first_child = nested_data[1] -- This indicates that new_nested_data below should only be returned -- if it contains non-etymology languages. local check_for_non_etymology_children = false -- If `show_all_families` is false and this is a family and its only -- child is its proto-language, then replace the family with the -- proto-language. if options.hide_families_with_protolanguages and name and families[name] and first_child and not nested_data[2] and protolanguage_of[name] == first_child.name then is_protolanguage[first_child.name] = true return filter_nested_data(first_child, options, protolanguage_of, is_protolanguage) elseif options.hide_etymology_languages and etymology_languages[name] then if nested_data[1] then check_for_non_etymology_children = true else return nil end end local new_nested_data = { name = name } local i = 0 for _, subtable in ipairs(nested_data) do subtable = filter_nested_data(subtable, options, protolanguage_of, is_protolanguage) if subtable then i = i + 1 new_nested_data[i] = subtable end end if not check_for_non_etymology_children or new_nested_data[1] then return new_nested_data end end end local function make_node(code, is_protolanguage, protolanguage_of, options) return '</span> ' .. format_node(code, is_protolanguage[code] or protolanguage_of[code] ~= nil, options) end local function only_child_is_protolanguage(tree, options, protolanguage_of) return (options.family_under_protolanguage or options.protolanguage_under_family) and tree[1] and protolanguage_of[tree.name] == tree[1].name end export.are_all_children_etymology_languages = require("Module:memoize")(function (nested_data) if not nested_data[1] then return nil end for _, child in ipairs(nested_data) do if not etymology_languages[child.name] or export.are_all_children_etymology_languages(child) == false then return false end end return true end) local customcollapsible_number = 0 local customcollapsible_prefix = "familytree" local function get_customcollapsible_id() customcollapsible_number = customcollapsible_number + 1 return customcollapsible_prefix .. customcollapsible_number end local no_break_space = "\194\160" local level_separator = (no_break_space):rep(3) local expandtext, collapsetext = "[+]─", "[-]┬" local function make_tree(data, is_protolanguage, protolanguage_of, options, prefix) local result = {} local function ins(val) table.insert(result, val) end -- This tag is closed in the node generated by make_node. prefix = prefix or '<span class="familytree-linedrawing">' local branch = "├" local next_level = prefix .. "│" .. level_separator local length = #data for i, val in ipairs(data) do if i == length then branch = "└" next_level = prefix .. level_separator .. no_break_space end local code = val.name local language_or_family_node = make_node(code, is_protolanguage, protolanguage_of, options) if not val[1] then ins('<li>' .. prefix .. branch .. options.sterile_branch_text .. language_or_family_node .. '</li>') else local customcollapsible_id = get_customcollapsible_id() ins('<li>' .. prefix .. branch .. '<span class="familytree-toggle mw-customtoggle-' .. customcollapsible_id .. '">───┬</span>') -- name me! local flag = (options.family_under_protolanguage or options.protolanguage_under_family) and only_child_is_protolanguage(val, options, protolanguage_of) local top_node if flag then code = val[1].name val = val[1] top_node = make_node(code, is_protolanguage, protolanguage_of, options) if options.protolanguage_under_family then top_node, language_or_family_node = language_or_family_node, top_node end end local all_children_are_etymology_languages = export.are_all_children_etymology_languages(val) local collapsible_ul = '<ul class="mw-collapsible' .. (all_children_are_etymology_languages and ' familytree-only-etym-children' or '') .. '" ' .. 'id="mw-customcollapsible-' .. customcollapsible_id .. '" data-expandtext="' .. expandtext .. '" data-collapsetext="' .. collapsetext .. '">' if flag then ins(top_node .. collapsible_ul .. '<li>' .. prefix .. (i == length and no_break_space or "│") .. level_separator .. "│") end ins(language_or_family_node) if not flag then ins(collapsible_ul) end -- Can't get default collapsibility script to apply the data-expandtext -- and data-collapsetext attribute values to the custom toggle, -- so have to have a custom script do it. ins(make_tree(val, is_protolanguage, protolanguage_of, options, next_level)) ins('</ul></li>') end end return table.concat(result) end local function get_number_parameter_in_range(args, arg, low, high) local val = args[arg] if val == "" or val == nil then val = nil else val = tonumber(val) if not (type(val) == "number" and 0 <= val and val <= 6) then error("Expected nothing or number between " .. low .. " and " .. high .. " in parameter |" .. arg .. "=.") end end return val end function export.show(frame) local args = frame.args local descendants_of = args[1] local to_boolean = require("Module:yesno") -- Determines whether families that have proto-languages will be shown. local show_all_families = to_boolean(args[2] or args.fam) -- Determines whether all etymology languages will be shown. local show_etymology_languages = to_boolean(args[3] or args.etym) -- Get the value for lemma_count argument local lemma_count = to_boolean(args.lemma_count) -- help! parameter name too long! local sterile_branch_length = get_number_parameter_in_range(args, "sterile_branch_length", 0, 6) -- Determines whether (if all families are shown) a family will be shown -- on a line directly under and at the same level as its proto-language, -- or the proto-language on a line directly under and at the same level as -- its family. local family_under_protolanguage = to_boolean(args.famunderproto) local protolanguage_under_family = to_boolean(args.protounderfam) if family_under_protolanguage and protolanguage_under_family then error("Kindly choose between proto-language under family and family under proto-language.") end return export.print_children(descendants_of, { hide_families_with_protolanguages = not show_all_families, hide_etymology_languages = not show_etymology_languages, family_under_protolanguage = family_under_protolanguage, protolanguage_under_family = protolanguage_under_family, sterile_branch_length = sterile_branch_length, collapsed = require("Module:yesno")(args.collapsed), lemma_count = lemma_count }) end function export.print_children(descendants_of, options) local m_languages = require("Module:languages") local m_table = require("Module:table") local make_auto_subtabler = require("Module:auto-subtable") descendants_of = m_languages.getByCode(descendants_of, nil, true, true) local names = {} local protolanguage_of = {} local children = make_auto_subtabler{} local descendants = descendants_of:getDescendantCodes() table.insert(descendants, descendants_of:getCode()) if descendants_of:hasType("family") then protolanguage_of[descendants_of:getCode()] = descendants_of:getProtoLanguageCode() end local memoized = {} local get = function(code, func, ...) local ret = memoized[code] or func(...) if code then memoized[code] = ret end return ret end for _, descendant_code in ipairs(descendants) do -- Inner "repeat until true" loop allows break to work like continue, as it will always only run once. repeat local descendant = get(descendant_code, m_languages.getByCode, descendant_code, nil, true, true) names[descendant_code] = descendant:getCanonicalName():gsub("Proto%-", "") if descendant:hasType("language") then local ancestors = m_table.shallowCopy(descendant:getAncestorCodes()) local parent_code = descendant:getParentCode() if parent_code and descendant:hasType("etymology-only") then local parent = get(parent_code, descendant.getParent, descendant) if m_table.deepEquals(parent:getAncestorCodes(), ancestors) and descendant:getFamilyCode() == parent:getFamilyCode() then table.insert(children[parent:getCode()], descendant_code) break end end if #ancestors > 0 then for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do table.insert(children[ancestor], descendant_code) end break end else local protolang = descendant:getProtoLanguageCode() protolanguage_of[descendant_code] = protolang if protolang and descendant:hasAncestor(protolang) then table.insert(children[protolang], descendant_code) break end end local family_code = descendant:getFamilyCode() if family_code then local family = get(family_code, descendant.getFamily, descendant) local protolang = get(family:getProtoLanguageCode(), family.getProtoLanguage, family) if not protolanguage_of[family] then protolanguage_of[family] = protolang and protolang:getCode() end if protolang and protolang:inFamily(family) and protolang:getCode() ~= descendant_code then table.insert(children[protolang:getCode()], descendant_code) else table.insert(children[family:getCode()], descendant_code) end end until true end -- No more auto subtabling needed. children = children:un_auto_subtable() -- Copy to new table, to filter out unwanted ancestors from descendants with multiple ancestors, where some are not descendants of the target language. local parent_to_children_map = {} for _, code in ipairs(descendants) do parent_to_children_map[code] = children[code] end local function make_nested(data, children) local make_nil = {} for key, val in pairs(data) do if type(key) == "number" then if children[val] then data[val] = make_nested(children[val], children) table.insert(make_nil, key) end else data[key] = make_nested(val, children) end end if make_nil[2] then -- Make sure larger keys are removed first. table.sort(make_nil, function (a, b) return a > b end) end for _, key in ipairs(make_nil) do table.remove(data, key) end return data end local nested = make_nested(parent_to_children_map, parent_to_children_map) local function deep_sort(current) local result = {} local is_table = {} for key, val in pairs(current) do if type(key) == "number" then table.insert(result, val) else is_table[key] = true table.insert(result, key) end end table.sort(result, function(code1, code2) return names[code1] < names[code2] end) for i = 1, #result do if is_table[result[i]] then local name = result[i] result[i] = deep_sort(current[result[i]]) result[i].name = name else result[i] = { name = result[i] } end end return result end nested = deep_sort(nested) data = { nested = nested, protolanguage_of = protolanguage_of } local nested_data, protolanguage_of = data.nested, data.protolanguage_of nested_data = export.find_subtree(nested_data, descendants_of:getCode()) -- Return nil instead of a tree with only the root node. if options.must_have_descendants and (nested_data == nil or #nested_data == 0 or nested_data[1] and #nested_data[1] == 0) then return nil end local is_protolanguage = {} if options.hide_families_with_protolanguages or options.hide_etymology_languages then nested_data = filter_nested_data(nested_data, { hide_families_with_protolanguages = options.hide_families_with_protolanguages, hide_etymology_languages = options.hide_etymology_languages, }, protolanguage_of, is_protolanguage) end if not nested_data or not next(nested_data) then return nil end local result = {'<div class="familytree"><ul>'} local function ins(val) table.insert(result, val) end local tree_options = { sterile_branch_text = '<span class="familytree-branch">' .. ("─"):rep(options.sterile_branch_length or 4) .. '</span>', family_under_protolanguage = options.family_under_protolanguage, protolanguage_under_family = options.protolanguage_under_family, lemma_count = options.lemma_count, } local collapsetext, expandtext = 'Collapse', 'Expand' for i, subtable in ipairs(nested_data) do -- top language name ins('<li>') -- name me! local flag = (options.family_under_protolanguage or options.protolanguage_under_family) and only_child_is_protolanguage(subtable, options, protolanguage_of) local top_node = format_node(subtable.name) local next_node if flag then subtable = subtable[1] next_node = format_node(subtable.name) if options.family_under_protolanguage then top_node, next_node = next_node, top_node end end ins(top_node) -- top toggle local customcollapsible_id = get_customcollapsible_id() ins('<span class="familytree-toptoggle mw-customtoggle-' .. customcollapsible_id .. '" style="display: none;">') ins(options.collapsed and expandtext or collapsetext) ins('</span>') if flag then ins('<li>') ins(next_node) end -- tree ins('<ul class="mw-collapsible') if options.collapsed then ins(' mw-collapsed') end ins('" id="mw-customcollapsible-' .. customcollapsible_id) ins('" data-expandtext="' .. expandtext) ins('" data-collapsetext="' .. collapsetext .. '">') ins(make_tree(subtable, is_protolanguage, protolanguage_of, tree_options)) if flag then ins('</li>') end ins('</ul></li>') end ins('</ul></div>') ins(require("Module:TemplateStyles")("Module:family tree/style.css")) return table.concat(result) end return export tqtrlut4t3aj5ruyf9gge81moh79axj 828 304700 488087 487557 2026-09-04T19:44:30Z SM7 6218 टेम्प hide 488087 Scribunto text/plain local u = mw.ustring.char local m_langdata = require("Module:languages/data") local c = m_langdata.chars local p = m_langdata.puaChars local s = m_langdata.shared local m = {} m["aav-khs-pro"] = { "Proto-Khasian", nil, "aav-khs", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["aav-nic-pro"] = { "Proto-Nicobarese", nil, "aav-nic", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["aav-pkl-pro"] = { "Proto-Pnar-Khasi-Lyngngam", nil, "aav-pkl", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["aav-pro"] = { --The mkh-pro will merge into this. "Proto-Austroasiatic", nil, "aav", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["afa-pro"] = { "Proto-Afroasiatic", 269125, "afa", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["alg-aga"] = { "Agawam", nil, "alg-eas", "Latn", } m["alg-pro"] = { "Proto-Algonquian", 7251834, "alg", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = "·"}, } m["alv-ama"] = { "Amasi", 4740400, "nic-grs", "Latn", entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.circ .. c.tilde .. c.macron}, } m["alv-bgu"] = { "Baïnounk Gubëeher", 17002646, "alv-bny", "Latn", } m["alv-bua-pro"] = { "Proto-Bua", nil, "alv-bua", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-cng-pro"] = { "Proto-Cangin", nil, "alv-cng", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-edo-pro"] = { "Proto-Edoid", nil, "alv-edo", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-fli-pro"] = { "Proto-Fali", nil, "alv-fli", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-gbe-pro"] = { "Proto-Gbe", nil, "alv-gbe", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-gng-pro"] = { "Proto-Guang", nil, "alv-gng", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-gtm-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Togo", nil, "alv-gtm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-gwa"] = { "Gwara", 16945580, "nic-pla", "Latn", } m["alv-hei-pro"] = { "Proto-Heiban", nil, "alv-hei", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-ido-pro"] = { "Proto-Idomoid", nil, "alv-ido", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-igb-pro"] = { "Proto-Igboid", nil, "alv-igb", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-kwa-pro"] = { "Proto-Kwa", nil, "alv-kwa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-mum-pro"] = { "Proto-Mumuye", nil, "alv-mum", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-nup-pro"] = { "Proto-Nupoid", nil, "alv-nup", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-pro"] = { "Proto-Atlantic-Congo", nil, "alv", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-edk-pro"] = { "Proto-Edekiri", nil, "alv-edk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-yor-pro"] = { "Proto-Yoruba", nil, "alv-yor", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-yrd-pro"] = { "Proto-Yoruboid", nil, "alv-yrd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-von-pro"] = { "Proto-Volta-Niger", nil, "alv-von", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["apa-pro"] = { "Proto-Apachean", nil, "apa", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["aql-pro"] = { "Proto-Algic", 18389588, "aql", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = "·"}, } m["art-blk"] = { "Bolak", 2909283, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-bsp"] = { "Black Speech", 686210, "art", "Latn, Teng", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-com"] = { "Communicationssprache", 35227, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-dtk"] = { "Dothraki", 2914733, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-elo"] = { "Eloi", nil, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-gld"] = { "Goa'uld", 19823, "art", "Latn, Egyp, Mero", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-lap"] = { "Lapine", 6488195, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-man"] = { "Mandalorian", 54289, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-mun"] = { "Mundolinco", 851355, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-nav"] = { "Na'vi", 316939, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-nox"] = { "Noxilo", nil, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-una"] = { "Unas", nil, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["ath-nic"] = { "Nicola", 20609, "ath-nor", "Latn", } m["ath-pro"] = { "Proto-Athabaskan", nil, "ath", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["auf-pro"] = { "Proto-Arawa", nil, "auf", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-alu"] = { "Alungul", 16827670, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-and"] = { "Andjingith", 4754509, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-ang"] = { "Angkula", 16828520, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-arn-pro"] = { "Proto-Arnhem", nil, "aus-arn", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-bra"] = { "Barranbinya", 4863220, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-brm"] = { "Barunggam", 4865914, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-cww-pro"] = { "Proto-Central New South Wales", nil, "aus-cww", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-dal-pro"] = { "Proto-Daly", nil, "aus-dal", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-guw"] = { "Guwar", 6652138, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["aus-lsw"] = { "Little Swanport", 6652138, nil, "Latn", } m["aus-mbi"] = { "Mbiywom", 6799701, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-ngk"] = { "Ngkoth", 7022405, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-nyu-pro"] = { "Proto-Nyulnyulan", nil, "aus-nyu", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-pam-pro"] = { "Proto-Pama-Nyungan", 33942, "aus-pam", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-tul"] = { "Tulua", 16938541, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["aus-uwi"] = { "Uwinymil", 7903995, "aus-arn", "Latn", } m["aus-wdj-pro"] = { "Proto-Iwaidjan", nil, "aus-wdj", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-won"] = { "Wong-gie", nil, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["aus-wul"] = { "Wulguru", 8039196, "aus-dyb", "Latn", } m["aus-ynk"] = { -- contrast nny "Yangkaal", 3913770, "aus-tnk", "Latn", } m["awd-amc-pro"] = { "Proto-Amuesha-Chamicuro", nil, "awd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", ancestors = "awd-pro", } m["awd-kmp-pro"] = { "Proto-Kampa", nil, "awd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", ancestors = "awd-pro", } m["awd-prw-pro"] = { "Proto-Paresi-Waura", nil, "awd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", ancestors = "awd-pro", } m["awd-ama"] = { "Amarizana", 16827787, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-ana"] = { "Anauyá", 16828252, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-apo"] = { "Apolista", 16916645, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-cav"] = { "Cavere", nil, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-gnu"] = { "Guinau", 3504087, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-kar"] = { "Cariay", 16920253, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-kaw"] = { "Kawishana", 6379993, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["awd-kus"] = { "Kustenau", 5196293, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-man"] = { "Manao", 6746920, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-mar"] = { "Marawan", 6755108, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-mpr"] = { "Maypure", nil, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-mrt"] = { "Mariaté", 16910017, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["awd-nwk-pro"] = { "Proto-Nawiki", nil, "awd-nwk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-pai"] = { "Paikoneka", nil, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-pas"] = { "Passé", nil, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["awd-pro"] = { "Proto-Arawak", nil, "awd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-she"] = { "Shebayo", 7492248, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-taa-pro"] = { "Proto-Ta-Arawak", nil, "awd-taa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-wai"] = { "Wainumá", 16910017, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["awd-yum"] = { "Yumana", 8061062, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["azc-caz"] = { "Cazcan", 5055514, "azc", "Latn", } m["azc-cup-pro"] = { "Proto-Cupan", nil, "azc-cup", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-ktn"] = { "Kitanemuk", 3197558, "azc-tak", "Latn", } m["azc-nah-pro"] = { "Proto-Nahuan", 7251860, "azc-nah", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-num-pro"] = { "Proto-Numic", nil, "azc-num", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-pro"] = { "Proto-Uto-Aztecan", 96400333, "azc", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-tak-pro"] = { "Proto-Takic", nil, "azc-tak", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-tat"] = { "Tataviam", 743736, "azc", "Latn", } m["ber-pro"] = { "Proto-Berber", 2855698, "ber", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ber-fog"] = { "Fogaha", 107610173, "ber", "Latn", } m["ber-zuw"] = { "Zuwara", 4117169, "ber", "Latn", } m["bnt-bal"] = { "Balong", 93935237, "bnt-bbo", "Latn", } m["bnt-bon"] = { "Boma Nkuu", nil, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-boy"] = { "Boma Yumu", nil, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-bwa"] = { "Bwala", nil, "bnt-tek", "Latn", } m["bnt-cmw"] = { "Chimwiini", 4958328, "bnt-swh", "Latn", } m["bnt-ind"] = { "Indanga", 51412803, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-lal"] = { "Lala (South Africa)", 6480154, "bnt-ngu", "Latn", } m["bnt-lwl"] = { "Lwel", 93936908, "bnt-bdz", "Latn", } m["bnt-mpi"] = { "Mpiin", 93937013, "bnt-bdz", "Latn", } m["bnt-mpu"] = { "Mpuono", --not to be confused with Mbuun zmp 36056, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-ngu-pro"] = { "Proto-Nguni", 961559, "bnt-ngu", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.circ .. c.caron}, } m["bnt-phu"] = { "Phuthi", 33796, "bnt-ngu", "Latn", entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute}, } m["bnt-pro"] = { "Proto-Bantu", 3408025, "bnt", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = "bnt-pro-sortkey", } m["bnt-sbo"] = { "South Boma", nil, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-sts-pro"] = { "Proto-Sotho-Tswana", nil, "bnt-sts", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["btk-pro"] = { "Proto-Batak", nil, "btk", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-abz-pro"] = { "Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza", 7251831, "cau-abz", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-ava-pro"] = { "Proto-Avaro-Andian", nil, "cau-ava", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-cir-pro"] = { "Proto-Circassian", 7251838, "cau-cir", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-drg-pro"] = { "Proto-Dargwa", nil, "cau-drg", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-lzg-pro"] = { "Proto-Lezghian", nil, "cau-lzg", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-nec-pro"] = { "Proto-Northeast Caucasian", nil, "cau-nec", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-nkh-pro"] = { "Proto-Nakh", nil, "cau-nkh", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-nwc-pro"] = { "Proto-Northwest Caucasian", 7251861, "cau-nwc", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-tsz-pro"] = { "Proto-Tsezian", nil, "cau-tsz", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cba-ata"] = { "Atanques", 4812783, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-cat"] = { "Catío Chibcha", 7083619, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-dor"] = { "Dorasque", 5297532, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-dui"] = { "Duit", 3041061, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-hue"] = { "Huetar", 35514, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-nut"] = { "Nutabe", 7070405, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-pro"] = { "Proto-Chibchan", nil, "cba", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ccn-pro"] = { "Proto-North Caucasian", nil, "ccn", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ccs-pro"] = { "Proto-Kartvelian", 2608203, "ccs", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", entry_name = { from = {"q̣", "p̣", "ʓ", "ċ"}, to = {"q̇", "ṗ", "ʒ", "c̣"} }, } m["ccs-gzn-pro"] = { "Proto-Georgian-Zan", 23808119, "ccs-gzn", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", entry_name = { from = {"q̣", "p̣", "ʓ", "ċ"}, to = {"q̇", "ṗ", "ʒ", "c̣"} }, } m["cdc-cbm-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Chadic", nil, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cdc-mas-pro"] = { "Proto-Masa", nil, "cdc-mas", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cdc-pro"] = { "Proto-Chadic", nil, "cdc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cdd-pro"] = { "Proto-Caddoan", nil, "cdd", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cel-bry-pro"] = { "Proto-Brythonic", 156877, "cel-bry", "Latinx, Grek", sort_key = "cel-bry-pro-sortkey", } m["cel-gal"] = { "Gallaecian", 3094789, "cel", } m["cel-gau"] = { "Gaulish", 29977, "cel", "Latn, Grek, Ital", entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.macron .. c.breve .. c.diaer}, } m["cel-pro"] = { "Proto-Celtic", 653649, "cel", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = "cel-pro-sortkey", } m["chi-pro"] = { "Proto-Chimakuan", nil, "chi", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["chm-pro"] = { "Proto-Mari", nil, "chm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cmc-pro"] = { "Proto-Chamic", nil, "cmc", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cpe-mar"] = { "Maroon Spirit Language", 1093206, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "en", } m["cpe-spp"] = { "Samoan Plantation Pidgin", 7409948, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "en", } m["crp-gep"] = { "West Greenlandic Pidgin", 17036301, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "kl", } m["crp-mpp"] = { "Macau Pidgin Portuguese", nil, "crp", "Hant, Latn", ancestors = "pt", sort_key = {Hant = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["crp-rsn"] = { "Russenorsk", 505125, "crp", "Cyrl, Latn", ancestors = "nn, ru", } m["crp-tnw"] = { "Tangwang", 7683179, "crp", "Arab, Latn", ancestors = "cmn, sce", } m["crp-tpr"] = { "Taimyr Pidgin Russian", 16930506, "crp", "Cyrl", ancestors = "ru", } m["csu-bba-pro"] = { "Proto-Bongo-Bagirmi", nil, "csu-bba", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["csu-maa-pro"] = { "Proto-Mangbetu", nil, "csu-maa", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["csu-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Sudanic", nil, "csu", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["csu-sar-pro"] = { "Proto-Sara", nil, "csu-sar", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ctp-san"] = { "San Juan Quiahije Chatino", nil, "omq-cha", "Latinx", } m["cus-ash"] = { "Ashraaf", 4805855, "cus-som", "Latn", } m["cus-hec-pro"] = { "Proto-Highland East Cushitic", nil, "cus-hec", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cus-som-pro"] = { "Proto-Somaloid", nil, "cus-som", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cus-sou-pro"] = { "Proto-South Cushitic", nil, "cus-sou", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["cus-pro"] = { "Proto-Cushitic", nil, "cus", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["dmn-dam"] = { "Dama (Sierra Leone)", 19601574, "dmn", "Latn", } m["dra-mkn"] = { "Middle Kannada", nil, "dra", "Knda", ancestors = "dra-okn", translit = "kn-translit", } m["dra-okn"] = { "Old Kannada", 15723156, "dra", "Knda", ancestors = "dra-pro", translit = "kn-translit", } m["dra-ote"] = { "Old Telugu", nil, "dra", "Telu", ancestors = "dra-pro", translit = "te-translit", } m["dra-pro"] = { "Proto-Dravidian", 1702853, "dra", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["egx-dem"] = { "Demotic", 36765, "egx", "Latinx, Egyd", ancestors = "egy", sort_key = { from = {"ṱ", "t"}, to = {"h̭", "ḫ"} }, } m["elu-prk"] = { "Helu", 15080869, "inc-mid", "Brah", ancestors = "inc-pra", translit = "Brah-translit", } m["dmn-pro"] = { "Proto-Mande", nil, "dmn", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["dmn-mdw-pro"] = { "Proto-Western Mande", nil, "dmn-mdw", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["dru-pro"] = { "Proto-Rukai", nil, "map", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["esx-esk-pro"] = { "Proto-Eskimo", 7251842, "esx-esk", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["esx-ink"] = { "Inuktun", 1671647, "esx-inu", "Latn", } m["esx-inq"] = { "Inuinnaqtun", 28070, "esx-inu", "Latn", } m["esx-inu-pro"] = { "Proto-Inuit", nil, "esx-inu", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["esx-pro"] = { "Proto-Eskimo-Aleut", 7251843, "esx", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["esx-tut"] = { "Tunumiisut", 15665389, "esx-inu", "Latn", } m["euq-pro"] = { "Proto-Basque", 938011, "euq", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["gem-bur"] = { "Burgundian", nil, "gme", "Latn", } m["gem-pro"] = { "Proto-Germanic", 669623, "gem", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = "gem-pro-sortkey", } m["gme-cgo"] = { "Crimean Gothic", 36211, "gme", "Latn", } m["gmq-gut"] = { "Gutnish", 1256646, "gmq", "Latn", ancestors = "non", } m["gmq-jmk"] = { "Jamtish", nil, "gmq", "Latn", ancestors = "non", } m["gmq-mno"] = { "Middle Norwegian", 3417070, "gmq", "Latn", ancestors = "non", } m["gmq-oda"] = { "Old Danish", nil, "gmq", "Latn", ancestors = "non", entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.macron}, } m["gmq-osw"] = { "Old Swedish", 2417210, "gmq", "Latn", ancestors = "non", entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.macron}, } m["gmq-pro"] = { "Proto-Norse", 1671294, "gmq", "Runr", translit = "Runr-translit", } m["gmq-scy"] = { "Scanian", 768017, "gmq", "Latn", ancestors = "non", } m["gmw-bgh"] = { "Bergish", 329030, "gmw", "Latn", ancestors = "odt", } m["gmw-cfr"] = { "Central Franconian", nil, "gmw", "Latn", ancestors = "gmh", wikimedia_codes = "ksh", } m["gmw-ecg"] = { "East Central German", 499344, -- subsumes Q699284, Q152965 "gmw", "Latn", ancestors = "gmh", } m["gmw-gts"] = { "Gottscheerish", 533109, "gmw", "Latn", ancestors = "bar", } m["gmw-jdt"] = { "Jersey Dutch", 1687911, "gmw", "Latn", ancestors = "nl", } m["gmw-pro"] = { "Proto-West Germanic", 78079021, "gmw", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = "gmw-pro-sortkey", } m["gmw-rfr"] = { "Rhine Franconian", 707007, "gmw", "Latn", ancestors = "gmh", } m["gmw-stm"] = { "Sathmar Swabian", 2223059, "gmw", "Latn", ancestors = "swg", } m["gmw-tsx"] = { "Transylvanian Saxon", 260942, "gmw", "Latn", ancestors = "gmw-cfr", } m["gmw-vog"] = { "Volga German", 312574, "gmw", "Latn", ancestors = "gmw-rfr", } m["gmw-zps"] = { "Zipser German", 205548, "gmw", "Latn", ancestors = "gmh", } m["gn-cls"] = { "Classical Guaraní", 17478065, "tup-gua", "Latn", ancestors = "gn", } m["grk-cal"] = { "Calabrian Greek", 1146398, "grk", "Latn", ancestors = "grk-ita", } m["grk-ita"] = { "Italiot Greek", nil, "grk", "Latn, Grek", ancestors = "gkm", entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.caron .. c.diaerbelow .. c.brevebelow}, sort_key = s["Grek-sortkey"], } m["grk-mar"] = { "Mariupol Greek", 4400023, "grk", "Cyrl, Latn, Grek", ancestors = "gkm", translit = "grk-mar-translit", override_translit = true, entry_name = "grk-mar-entryname", sort_key = s["Grek-sortkey"], } m["grk-pro"] = { "Proto-Hellenic", 1231805, "grk", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = { from = {"[áā]", "[éēḗ]", "[íī]", "[óōṓ]", "[úū]", "ď", "ľ", "ň", "ř", "ʰ", "ʷ", c.acute, c.macron}, to = {"a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "d", "l", "n", "r", "¯h", "¯w"} }, } m["hmn-pro"] = { "Proto-Hmong", nil, "hmn", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["hmx-mie-pro"] = { "Proto-Mien", nil, "hmx-mie", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["hmx-pro"] = { "Proto-Hmong-Mien", 7251846, "hmx", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["hyx-pro"] = { "Proto-Armenian", 3848498, "hyx", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["iir-nur-pro"] = { "Proto-Nuristani", nil, "iir-nur", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["iir-pro"] = { "Proto-Indo-Iranian", 966439, "iir", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ijo-pro"] = { "Proto-Ijoid", nil, "ijo", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["inc-ash"] = { "Ashokan Prakrit", nil, "inc-mid", "Brah, Khar", ancestors = "sa", translit = { Brah = "Brah-translit", Khar = "Khar-translit", }, } m["inc-gup"] = { "Gurjar Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-mid", "Deva", ancestors = "psu", } m["inc-kam"] = { "Kamarupi Prakrit", 6356097, "inc-mid", "Brah, Sidd", ancestors = "inc-mgd", } m["inc-kha"] = { "Khasa Prakrit", nil, "inc-nor", "Latn", ancestors = "inc-pra", } m["inc-kho"] = { "Kholosi", 24952008, "inc-snd", "Latn", ancestors = "inc-vra", } m["inc-mas"] = { "मध्य असमिया", nil, "inc-eas", "as-Beng", ancestors = "inc-oas", translit = "inc-mas-translit", } m["inc-mbn"] = { "Middle Bengali", nil, "inc-eas", "Beng", ancestors = "inc-obn", translit = "inc-mbn-translit", } m["inc-mgd"] = { "Magadhi Prakrit", 2652214, "inc-mid", "Brah", ancestors = "inc-pra", translit = "Brah-translit", } m["inc-mgu"] = { "Middle Gujarati", 24907429, "inc-wes", "Deva", ancestors = "inc-ogu", } m["inc-mor"] = { "Middle Oriya", nil, "inc-eas", "Orya", ancestors = "inc-oor", } m["inc-oas"] = { "प्रारंभिक असमिया", nil, "inc-eas", "as-Beng", ancestors = "inc-kam", translit = "inc-oas-translit", } m["inc-obn"] = { "Old Bengali", nil, "inc-eas", "Beng", ancestors = "inc-mgd", } m["inc-ogu"] = { "Old Gujarati", 24907427, "inc-wes", "Deva", ancestors = "inc-gup", translit = "sa-translit", } m["inc-ohi"] = { "Old Hindi", 48767781, "inc-hiw", "Deva", ancestors = "inc-sap", translit = "sa-translit", } m["inc-oor"] = { "Old Oriya", nil, "inc-eas", "Orya", ancestors = "inc-mgd", } m["inc-opa"] = { "Old Punjabi", nil, "inc-pan", "Guru, pa-Arab", ancestors = "inc-tak", translit = { Guru = "inc-opa-Guru-translit", ["pa-Arab"] = "pa-Arab-translit", }, entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.fathatan .. c.dammatan .. c.kasratan .. c.fatha .. c.damma .. c.kasra .. c.shadda .. c.sukun}, } m["inc-ork"] = { "Old Kamta", nil, "inc-eas", "as-Beng", ancestors = "inc-kam", translit = "as-translit", } m["inc-pra"] = { "Prakrit", 192170, "inc-mid", "Brah, Deva, Knda", ancestors = "inc-ash", translit = { Brah = "Brah-translit", Deva = "inc-pra-Deva-translit", Knda = "inc-pra-Knda-translit", }, entry_name = { from = {"ऎ", "ऒ", u(0x0946), u(0x094A), "य़", "ಯ಼", u(0x11071), u(0x11072), u(0x11073), u(0x11074)}, to = {"ए", "ओ", u(0x0947), u(0x094B), "य", "ಯ", "𑀏", "𑀑", u(0x11042), u(0x11044)} } , } m["inc-pro"] = { "Proto-Indo-Aryan", 23808344, "inc", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["inc-psc"] = { "Paisaci Prakrit", 2995607, "inc-mid", "Brah", ancestors = "inc-ash", translit = "Brah-translit", } m["inc-sap"] = { "Sauraseni Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-mid", "Deva", ancestors = "psu", } m["inc-tak"] = { "Takka Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-mid", "Deva", ancestors = "inc-pra", translit = "sa-translit", } m["inc-vra"] = { "Vracada Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-mid", "Deva", ancestors = "inc-pra", translit = "sa-translit", } m["inc-cen-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Indo-Aryan", nil, "inc-cen", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", ancestors = "psu", } m["ine-ana-pro"] = { "Proto-Anatolian", 7251833, "ine-ana", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ine-bsl-pro"] = { "Proto-Balto-Slavic", 1703347, "ine-bsl", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = { from = {"[áā]", "[éēḗ]", "[íī]", "[óōṓ]", "[úū]", c.acute, c.macron, "ˀ"}, to = {"a", "e", "i", "o", "u"} }, } m["ine-pae"] = { "Paeonian", 2705672, "ine", "polytonic", translit = "grc-translit", entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.macron .. c.breve}, sort_key = s["Grek-sortkey"], } m["ine-pro"] = { "Proto-Indo-European", 37178, "ine", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = { from = {"[áā]", "[éēḗ]", "[íī]", "[óōṓ]", "[úū]", "ĺ", "ḿ", "ń", "ŕ", "ǵ", "ḱ", "ʰ", "ʷ", "₁", "₂", "₃", c.ringbelow, c.acute, c.macron}, to = {"a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "l", "m", "n", "r", "g'", "k'", "¯h", "¯w", "1", "2", "3"} }, } m["ine-toc-pro"] = { "Proto-Tocharian", 37029, "ine-toc", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["xme-old"] = { "Old Median", 36461, "xme", "Grek, Latn", } m["xme-mid"] = { "Middle Median", nil, "xme", "Latn", ancestors = "xme-old", } m["xme-ker"] = { "Kermanic", 129850, "xme", "fa-Arab, Latn", ancestors = "xme-mid", } m["xme-taf"] = { "Tafreshi", nil, "xme", "fa-Arab, Latn", ancestors = "xme-mid", } m["xme-ttc-pro"] = { "Proto-Tatic", nil, "xme-ttc", "Latn", ancestors = "xme-mid", } m["xme-kls"] = { "Kalasuri", nil, "xme-ttc", ancestors = "xme-ttc-nor", } m["xme-klt"] = { "Kilit", 3612452, "xme-ttc", "Cyrl", -- and fa-Arab? ancestors = "xme-ttc-pro", } m["xme-ott"] = { "Old Tati", 434697, "xme-ttc", "fa-Arab, Latinx", ancestors = "xme-ttc-pro", } m["ira-pro"] = { "Proto-Iranian", 4167865, "ira", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-mpr-pro"] = { "Proto-Medo-Parthian", nil, "ira-mpr", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-kms-pro"] = { "Proto-Komisenian", nil, "ira-kms", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-zgr-pro"] = { "Proto-Zaza-Gorani", nil, "ira-zgr", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-pat-pro"] = { "Proto-Pathan", nil, "ira-pat", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["os-pro"] = { "Proto-Ossetic", nil, "xsc", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["xsc-pro"] = { "Proto-Scythian", nil, "xsc", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["xsc-skw-pro"] = { "Proto-Saka-Wakhi", nil, "xsc-skw", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", ancestors = "xsc-pro", } m["xsc-sak-pro"] = { "Proto-Saka", nil, "xsc-sak", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", ancestors = "xsc-skw-pro", } m["ira-sym-pro"] = { "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji", nil, "ira-sym", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-sgi-pro"] = { "Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi", nil, "ira-sgi", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-mny-pro"] = { "Proto-Munji-Yidgha", nil, "ira-mny", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", ancestors = "ira-sym-pro", } m["ira-shy-pro"] = { "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami", nil, "ira-shy", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", ancestors = "ira-sym-pro", } m["ira-shr-pro"] = { "Proto-Shughni-Roshani", nil, "ira-shy", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", ancestors = "ira-shy-pro", } m["ira-sgc-pro"] = { "Proto-Sogdic", nil, "ira-sgc", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-wnj"] = { "Vanji", nil, "ira-shy", "Latinx", ancestors = "ira-shy-pro", } m["iro-ere"] = { "Erie", 5388365, "iro-nor", "Latn", } m["iro-min"] = { "Mingo", 128531, "iro-nor", "Latn", } m["iro-nor-pro"] = { "Proto-North Iroquoian", nil, "iro-nor", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["iro-pro"] = { "Proto-Iroquoian", 7251852, "iro", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["itc-pro"] = { "Proto-Italic", 17102720, "itc", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["jpx-pro"] = { "Proto-Japonic", nil, "jpx", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["jpx-ryu-pro"] = { "Proto-Ryukyuan", nil, "jpx-ryu", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["kar-pro"] = { "Proto-Karen", nil, "kar", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["khi-kho-pro"] = { "Proto-Khoe", nil, "khi-kho", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["khi-kun"] = { "ǃKung", 32904, "khi-kxa", "Latn", } m["ko-ear"] = { "Early Modern Korean", 756014, "qfa-kor", "Kore", ancestors = "okm", translit = "okm-translit", entry_name = s["Kore-entryname"], } m["kro-pro"] = { "Proto-Kru", nil, "kro", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ku-pro"] = { "Proto-Kurdish", nil, "ku", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["map-ata-pro"] = { "Proto-Atayalic", nil, "map-ata", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["map-bms"] = { "Banyumasan", 33219, "map", "Latn", } m["map-pro"] = { "Proto-Austronesian", 49230, "map", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-asl-pro"] = { "Proto-Aslian", 55630680, "mkh-asl", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-ban-pro"] = { "Proto-Bahnaric", nil, "mkh-ban", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-kat-pro"] = { "Proto-Katuic", nil, "mkh-kat", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-khm-pro"] = { "Proto-Khmuic", nil, "mkh-khm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-kmr-pro"] = { "Proto-Khmeric", 55630684, "mkh-kmr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-mmn"] = { "Middle Mon", nil, "mkh-mnc", "Latinx, Mymr", --and also Pallava ancestors = "omx", } m["mkh-mnc-pro"] = { "Proto-Monic", nil, "mkh-mnc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-mvi"] = { "Middle Vietnamese", 9199, "mkh-vie", "Hani, Latinx", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mkh-pal-pro"] = { "Proto-Palaungic", nil, "mkh-pal", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-pea-pro"] = { "Proto-Pearic", nil, "mkh-pea", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-pkn-pro"] = { "Proto-Pakanic", nil, "mkh-pkn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-pro"] = { --This will be merged into 2015 aav-pro. "Proto-Mon-Khmer", 7251859, "mkh", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-vie-pro"] = { "Proto-Vietic", nil, "mkh-vie", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["mnw-tha"] = { "Thai Mon", nil, "mkh-mnc", "Mymr, Thai", ancestors = "mkh-mmn", sort_key = { from = {"[%p]", "ျ", "ြ", "ွ", "ှ", "ၞ", "ၟ", "ၠ", "ၚ", "ဿ", "[็-๎]", "([เแโใไ])([ก-ฮ])ฺ?"}, to = {"", "္ယ", "္ရ", "္ဝ", "္ဟ", "္န", "္မ", "္လ", "င", "သ္သ", "", "%2%1"} }, } m["mun-pro"] = { "Proto-Munda", nil, "mun", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["myn-chl"] = { -- the stage after ''emy'' "Ch'olti'", 873995, "myn", "Latinx", } m["myn-pro"] = { "Proto-Mayan", 3321532, "myn", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-ala"] = { "Alazapa", nil, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-bay"] = { "Bayogoula", 1563704, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-bvy"] = { "Buena Vista Yokuts", 4985474, "nai-yok", "Latn", } m["nai-cal"] = { "Calusa", 51782, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-chi"] = { "Chiquimulilla", 25339627, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-chu-pro"] = { "Proto-Chumash", nil, "nai-chu", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-cig"] = { "Ciguayo", 20741700, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-ckn-pro"] = { "Proto-Chinookan", nil, "nai-ckn", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-dly"] = { "Delta Yokuts", nil, "nai-yok", "Latn", } m["nai-gsy"] = { "Gashowu", nil, "nai-yok", "Latn", } m["nai-guz"] = { "Guazacapán", 19572028, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-hit"] = { "Hitchiti", 1542882, "nai-mus", "Latn", } m["nai-ipa"] = { "Ipai", 3027474, "nai-yuc", "Latn", } m["nai-jtp"] = { "Jutiapa", nil, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-jum"] = { "Jumaytepeque", 25339626, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-kat"] = { "Kathlamet", 6376639, "nai-ckn", "Latn", } m["nai-klp-pro"] = { "Proto-Kalapuyan", nil, "nai-klp", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-knm"] = { "Konomihu", 3198734, "nai-shs", "Latn", } m["nai-kry"] = { "Kings River Yokuts", 6413014, "nai-yok", "Latn", } m["nai-kum"] = { "Kumeyaay", 4910139, "nai-yuc", "Latn", } m["nai-mac"] = { "Macoris", 21070851, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-mdu-pro"] = { "Proto-Maidun", nil, "nai-mdu", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-miz-pro"] = { "Proto-Mixe-Zoque", nil, "nai-miz", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-mus-pro"] = { "Proto-Muskogean", nil, "nai-mus", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-nao"] = { "Naolan", 6964594, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-nrs"] = { "New River Shasta", 7011254, "nai-shs", "Latn", } m["nai-nvy"] = { "Northern Valley Yokuts", nil, "nai-yok", "Latn", } m["nai-okw"] = { "Okwanuchu", 3350126, "nai-shs", "Latn", } m["nai-per"] = { "Pericú", 3375369, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-pic"] = { "Picuris", 7191257, "nai-kta", "Latn", } m["nai-plp-pro"] = { "Proto-Plateau Penutian", nil, "nai-plp", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-ply"] = { "Palewyami", 2387391, "nai-yok", "Latn", } m["nai-pom-pro"] = { "Proto-Pomo", nil, "nai-pom", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-qng"] = { "Quinigua", 36360, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-sca-pro"] = { -- NB 'sio-pro' "Proto-Siouan" which is Proto-Western Siouan "Proto-Siouan-Catawban", nil, "nai-sca", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-sin"] = { "Sinacantán", 24190249, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-sln"] = { "Salvadoran Lenca", 3229434, "nai-len", "Latn", } m["nai-spt"] = { "Sahaptin", 3833015, "nai-shp", "Latn", } m["nai-svy"] = { "Southern Valley Yokuts", nil, "nai-yok", "Latn", } m["nai-tap"] = { "Tapachultec", 7684401, "nai-miz", "Latn", } m["nai-taw"] = { "Tawasa", 7689233, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-teq"] = { "Tequistlatec", 2964454, "nai-tqn", "Latn", } m["nai-tip"] = { "Tipai", 3027471, "nai-yuc", "Latn", } m["nai-tky"] = { "Tule-Kaweah Yokuts", 7851988, "nai-yok", "Latn", } m["nai-tot-pro"] = { "Proto-Totozoquean", nil, "nai-tot", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-tsi-pro"] = { "Proto-Tsimshianic", nil, "nai-tsi", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-utn-pro"] = { "Proto-Utian", nil, "nai-utn", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-wai"] = { "Waikuri", 3118702, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-yup"] = { "Yupiltepeque", 25339628, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nds-de"] = { "German Low German", 25433, "gmw", "Latn", ancestors = "nds", wikimedia_codes = "nds", } m["nds-nl"] = { "Dutch Low Saxon", 516137, "gmw", "Latn", ancestors = "nds", } m["ngf-pro"] = { "Proto-Trans-New Guinea", nil, "ngf", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-bco-pro"] = { "Proto-Benue-Congo", nil, "nic-bco", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-bod-pro"] = { "Proto-Bantoid", nil, "nic-bod", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-eov-pro"] = { "Proto-Eastern Oti-Volta", nil, "nic-eov", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-gns-pro"] = { "Proto-Gurunsi", nil, "nic-gns", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-grf-pro"] = { "Proto-Grassfields", nil, "nic-grf", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-gur-pro"] = { "Proto-Gur", nil, "nic-gur", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-jkn-pro"] = { "Proto-Jukunoid", nil, "nic-jkn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-lcr-pro"] = { "Proto-Lower Cross River", nil, "nic-lcr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-ogo-pro"] = { "Proto-Ogoni", nil, "nic-ogo", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-ovo-pro"] = { "Proto-Oti-Volta", nil, "nic-ovo", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-plt-pro"] = { "Proto-Plateau", nil, "nic-plt", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-pro"] = { "Proto-Niger-Congo", nil, "nic", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-ubg-pro"] = { "Proto-Ubangian", nil, "nic-ubg", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-ucr-pro"] = { "Proto-Upper Cross River", nil, "nic-ucr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-vco-pro"] = { "Proto-Volta-Congo", nil, "nic-vco", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nub-har"] = { "Haraza", 19572059, "nub", "Arab, Latn", } m["nub-pro"] = { "Proto-Nubian", nil, "nub", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-cha-pro"] = { "Proto-Chatino", nil, "omq-cha", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-maz-pro"] = { "Proto-Mazatec", nil, "omq-maz", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-mix-pro"] = { "Proto-Mixtecan", nil, "omq-mix", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-mxt-pro"] = { "Proto-Mixtec", nil, "omq-mxt", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-otp-pro"] = { "Proto-Oto-Pamean", nil, "omq-otp", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", ancestors = "omq-pro", } m["omq-pro"] = { "Proto-Oto-Manguean", 33669, "omq", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-tel"] = { "Teposcolula Mixtec", nil, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["omq-teo"] = { "Teojomulco Chatino", 25340451, "omq-cha", "Latn", } m["omq-tri-pro"] = { "Proto-Trique", nil, "omq-tri", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-zap-pro"] = { "Proto-Zapotecan", nil, "omq-zap", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-zpc-pro"] = { "Proto-Zapotec", nil, "omq-zpc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omv-aro-pro"] = { "Proto-Aroid", nil, "omv-aro", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omv-diz-pro"] = { "Proto-Dizoid", nil, "omv-diz", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omv-pro"] = { "Proto-Omotic", nil, "omv", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["oto-otm-pro"] = { "Proto-Otomi", nil, "oto-otm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", ancestors = "oto-pro", } m["oto-pro"] = { "Proto-Otomian", nil, "oto", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", ancestors = "omq-otp-pro", } m["paa-kom"] = { "Kómnzo", 18344310, "paa-yam", "Latn", } m["paa-kwn"] = { "Kuwani", 6449056, "paa", "Latn", } m["paa-nha-pro"] = { "Proto-North Halmahera", nil, "paa-nha", "Latn", type = "reconstructed" } m["paa-nun"] = { "Nungon", nil, "paa", "Latn", } m["phi-din"] = { "Dinapigue Agta", 16945774, "phi", "Latn", } m["phi-kal-pro"] = { "Proto-Kalamian", nil, "phi-kal", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["phi-nag"] = { "Nagtipunan Agta", 16966111, "phi", "Latn", } m["phi-pro"] = { "Proto-Philippine", 18204898, "phi", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-abi"] = { "Abai", 19570729, "poz-san", "Latn", } m["poz-bal"] = { "Baliledo", 4850912, "poz", "Latn", } m["poz-btk-pro"] = { "Proto-Bungku-Tolaki", nil, "poz-btk", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-cet-pro"] = { "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian", 2269883, "poz-cet", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-hce-pro"] = { "Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih", nil, "poz-hce", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-lgx-pro"] = { "Proto-Lampungic", nil, "poz-lgx", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-mcm-pro"] = { "Proto-Malayo-Chamic", nil, "poz-mcm", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-mly-pro"] = { "Proto-Malayic", nil, "poz-mly", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-msa-pro"] = { "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan", nil, "poz-msa", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-oce-pro"] = { "Proto-Oceanic", 141741, "poz-oce", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-pep-pro"] = { "Proto-Eastern Polynesian", nil, "poz-pep", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-pnp-pro"] = { "Proto-Nuclear Polynesian", nil, "poz-pnp", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-pol-pro"] = { "Proto-Polynesian", 1658709, "poz-pol", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-pro"] = { "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian", 3832960, "poz", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-ssw-pro"] = { "Proto-South Sulawesi", nil, "poz-ssw", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-sus-pro"] = { "Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi", nil, "poz-sus", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-swa-pro"] = { "Proto-North Sarawak", nil, "poz-swa", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["pqe-pro"] = { "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian", 2269883, "pqe", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["pra-niy"] = { "Niya Prakrit", nil, "inc-mid", "Khar", ancestors = "inc-ash", translit = "Khar-translit", } m["qfa-adm-pro"] = { "Proto-Great Andamanese", nil, "qfa-adm", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-bet-pro"] = { "Proto-Be-Tai", nil, "qfa-bet", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-cka-pro"] = { "Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan", 7251837, "qfa-cka", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-hur-pro"] = { "Proto-Hurro-Urartian", nil, "qfa-hur", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-kad-pro"] = { "Proto-Kadu", nil, "qfa-kad", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-kms-pro"] = { "Proto-Kam-Sui", nil, "qfa-kms", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-kor-pro"] = { "Proto-Koreanic", 467883, "qfa-kor", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-kra-pro"] = { "Proto-Kra", 7251854, "qfa-kra", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-lic-pro"] = { "Proto-Hlai", 7251845, "qfa-lic", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-onb-pro"] = { "Proto-Be", nil, "qfa-onb", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-ong-pro"] = { "Proto-Ongan", nil, "qfa-ong", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-tak-pro"] = { "Proto-Kra-Dai", nil, "qfa-tak", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-xgx-tuh"] = { "Tuyuhun", 48816625, "qfa-xgx", "Hani, Latinx", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["qfa-xgx-tuo"] = { "Tuoba", 48816629, "qfa-xgx", "Hani, Latinx", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["qfa-xgx-wuh"] = { "Wuhuan", 118976867, "qfa-xgx", "Hani, Latinx", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["qfa-xgx-xbi"] = { "Xianbei", 4448647, "qfa-xgx", "Hani, Latinx", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["qfa-yen-pro"] = { "Proto-Yeniseian", 27639, "qfa-yen", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-yuk-pro"] = { "Proto-Yukaghir", nil, "qfa-yuk", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["qwe-kch"] = { "Kichwa", 1740805, "qwe", "Latn", ancestors = "qu", } m["roa-ang"] = { "Angevin", 56782, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-bbn"] = { "Bourbonnais-Berrichon", nil, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-brg"] = { "Bourguignon", 508332, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-cha"] = { "Champenois", 430018, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-fcm"] = { "Franc-Comtois", 510561, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-gal"] = { "Gallo", 37300, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-leo"] = { "Leonese", 34108, "roa-ibe", "Latn", ancestors = "roa-ole", } m["roa-lor"] = { "Lorrain", 671198, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-oan"] = { "Navarro-Aragonese", 2736184, "roa-ibe", "Latn", } m["roa-oca"] = { "Old Catalan", 15478520, "roa-ocr", "Latn", sort_key = { from = {"à", "[èé]", "[íï]", "[òó]", "[úü]", "ç", "·"}, to = {"a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "c"} }, } m["roa-ole"] = { "Old Leonese", nil, "roa-ibe", "Latn", } m["roa-opt"] = { "Old Galician-Portuguese", 1072111, "roa-ibe", "Latn", } m["roa-orl"] = { "Orléanais", nil, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-poi"] = { "Poitevin-Saintongeais", 514123, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-tar"] = { "Tarantino", 695526, "roa-itd", "Latn", ancestors = "nap", wikimedia_codes = "roa-tara", } m["roa-tou"] = { "Tourangeau", nil, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["sai-ajg"] = { "Ajagua", nil, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-all"] = { "Allentiac", 19570789, "sai-hrp", "Latn", } m["sai-and"] = { -- not to be confused with 'cbc' or 'ano' "Andoquero", 16828359, "sai-wit", "Latn", } m["sai-ayo"] = { "Ayomán", 16937754, "sai-jir", "Latn", } m["sai-bae"] = { "Baenan", 3401998, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-bag"] = { "Bagua", 5390321, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-bet"] = { "Betoi", 926551, "qfa-iso", "Latn", } m["sai-bor-pro"] = { "Proto-Boran", nil, "sai-bor", "Latn", } m["sai-cac"] = { "Cacán", 945482, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-caq"] = { "Caranqui", 2937753, "sai-bar", "Latn", } m["sai-car-pro"] = { "Proto-Cariban", nil, "sai-car", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-cat"] = { "Catacao", 5051136, "sai-ctc", "Latinx", } m["sai-cer-pro"] = { "Proto-Cerrado", nil, "sai-cer", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-chi"] = { "Chirino", 5390321, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-chn"] = { "Chaná", 5072718, "sai-crn", "Latn", } m["sai-chp"] = { "Chapacura", 5072884, "sai-cpc", "Latn", } m["sai-chr"] = { "Charrua", 5086680, "sai-crn", "Latn", } m["sai-chu"] = { "Churuya", 5118339, "sai-guh", "Latn", } m["sai-cje-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Jê", nil, "sai-cje", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-cmg"] = { "Comechingon", 6644203, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-cno"] = { "Chono", 5104704, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-cnr"] = { "Cañari", 5055572, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-coe"] = { "Coeruna", 6425639, "sai-wit", "Latn", } m["sai-col"] = { "Colán", 5141893, "sai-ctc", "Latinx", } m["sai-cop"] = { "Copallén", 5390321, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-crd"] = { "Coroado Puri", 24191321, "sai-mje", "Latn", } m["sai-ctq"] = { "Catuquinaru", 16858455, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-cul"] = { "Culli", 2879660, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-cva"] = { "Cueva", nil, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-esm"] = { "Esmeralda", 3058083, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-ewa"] = { "Ewarhuyana", 16898104, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-gam"] = { "Gamela", 5403661, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-gay"] = { "Gayón", 5528902, "sai-jir", "Latn", } m["sai-gmo"] = { "Guamo", 5613495, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-gue"] = { "Güenoa", 5626799, "sai-crn", "Latn", } m["sai-hau"] = { "Haush", 3128376, "sai-cho", "Latn", } m["sai-hoc-pro"] = { "Proto-Huitoto-Ocaina", nil, "sai-hoc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-jee-pro"] = { "Proto-Jê", nil, "sai-jee", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-jko"] = { "Jeikó", 6176527, "sai-mje", "Latn", } m["sai-jrj"] = { "Jirajara", 6202966, "sai-jir", "Latn", } m["sai-kat"] = { -- contrast xoo, kzw, sai-xoc "Katembri", 6375925, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-mal"] = { "Malalí", 6741212, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-mar"] = { "Maratino", 6755055, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-mat"] = { "Matanawi", 6786047, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-mcn"] = { "Mocana", 3402048, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-men"] = { "Menien", 16890110, "sai-mje", "Latn", } m["sai-mil"] = { "Millcayac", 19573012, "sai-hrp", "Latn", } m["sai-mlb"] = { "Malibu", 3402048, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-msk"] = { "Masakará", 6782426, "sai-mje", "Latn", } m["sai-muc"] = { "Mucuchí", nil, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-mue"] = { "Muellama", 16886936, "sai-bar", "Latn", } m["sai-muz"] = { "Muzo", 6644203, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-mys"] = { "Maynas", 16919393, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-nat"] = { "Natú", 9006749, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-nje-pro"] = { "Proto-Northern Jê", nil, "sai-nje", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-opo"] = { "Opón", 7099152, "sai-car", "Latn", } m["sai-oto"] = { "Otomaco", 16879234, "sai-otm", "Latn", } m["sai-pal"] = { "Palta", 3042978, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-pam"] = { "Pamigua", 5908689, "sai-otm", "Latn", } m["sai-par"] = { "Paratió", 16890038, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-pnz"] = { "Panzaleo", 3123275, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-prh"] = { "Puruhá", 3410994, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-ptg"] = { "Patagón", nil, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-pur"] = { "Purukotó", 7261622, "sai-pem", "Latn", } m["sai-pyg"] = { "Payaguá", 7156643, "sai-guc", "Latn", } m["sai-pyk"] = { "Pykobjê", 98113977, "sai-nje", "Latn", } m["sai-qmb"] = { "Quimbaya", 7272043, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-qtm"] = { "Quitemo", 7272651, "sai-cpc", "Latn", } m["sai-rab"] = { "Rabona", 6644203, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-ram"] = { "Ramanos", 16902824, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-sac"] = { "Sácata", 5390321, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-san"] = { "Sanaviron", 16895999, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-sap"] = { "Sapará", 7420922, "sai-car", "Latn", } m["sai-sec"] = { "Sechura", 7442912, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-sin"] = { "Sinúfana", 7525275, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-sje-pro"] = { "Proto-Southern Jê", nil, "sai-sje", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-tab"] = { "Tabancale", 5390321, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-tal"] = { "Tallán", 16910468, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-tap"] = { "Tapayuna", nil, "sai-nje", "Latn", } m["sai-tar-pro"] = { "Proto-Taranoan", nil, "sai-tar", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-teu"] = { "Teushen", 3519243, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-tim"] = { "Timote", nil, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-tpr"] = { "Taparita", 7684460, "sai-otm", "Latn", } m["sai-trr"] = { "Tarairiú", 7685313, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-wai"] = { "Waitaká", 16918610, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-way"] = { "Wayumará", nil, "sai-car", "Latn", } m["sai-wit-pro"] = { "Proto-Witotoan", nil, "sai-wit", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-wnm"] = { "Wanham", 16879440, "sai-cpc", "Latn", } m["sai-xoc"] = { -- contrast xoo, kzw, sai-kat "Xocó", 12953620, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-yao"] = { "Yao (South America)", nil, "sai-ven", "Latn", } m["sai-yar"] = { -- not the same family as 'suy' "Yarumá", 3505859, "sai-pek", "Latn", } m["sai-yri"] = { "Yuri", nil, "sai-tyu", "Latn", } m["sai-yup"] = { "Yupua", 8061430, "sai-tuc", "Latn", } m["sai-yur"] = { "Yurumanguí", 1281291, nil, "Latn", } m["sal-pro"] = { "Proto-Salish", nil, "sal", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-daj-pro"] = { "Proto-Daju", nil, "sdv-daj", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-eje-pro"] = { "Proto-Eastern Jebel", nil, "sdv-eje", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-nil-pro"] = { "Proto-Nilotic", nil, "sdv-nil", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-nyi-pro"] = { "Proto-Nyima", nil, "sdv-nyi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-tmn-pro"] = { "Proto-Taman", nil, "sdv-tmn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sel-nor"] = { "Northern Selkup", 30304565, "sel", "Cyrl", } m["sel-pro"] = { "Proto-Selkup", nil, "sel", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sel-sou"] = { "Southern Selkup", 30304639, "sel", "Cyrl", } m["sem-amm"] = { "Ammonite", 279181, "sem-can", "Phnx", translit = "Phnx-translit", } m["sem-amo"] = { "Amorite", 35941, "sem-nwe", "Xsux, Latn", } m["sem-cha"] = { "Chaha", nil, "sem-eth", "Ethi", translit = "Ethi-translit", ancestors = "sem-pro", } m["sem-dad"] = { "Dadanitic", 21838040, "sem-cen", "Narb", translit = "Narb-translit", } m["sem-dum"] = { "Dumaitic", nil, "sem-cen", "Narb", translit = "Narb-translit", } m["sem-has"] = { "Hasaitic", 3541433, "sem-cen", "Narb", translit = "Narb-translit", } m["sem-him"] = { "Himyaritic", 35604, "sem", "Arab, Sarb", } m["sem-his"] = { "Hismaic", 22948260, "sem-cen", "Narb", translit = "Narb-translit", } m["sem-mhr"] = { "Muher", 33743, "sem-eth", "Latn", } m["sem-pro"] = { "Proto-Semitic", 1658554, "sem", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["sem-saf"] = { "Safaitic", 472586, "sem-cen", "Narb", translit = "Narb-translit", } m["sem-srb"] = { "Old South Arabian", 35025, "sem-osa", "Sarb", translit = "Sarb-translit", } m["sem-tay"] = { "Taymanitic", 24912301, "sem-cen", "Narb", translit = "Narb-translit", } m["sem-tha"] = { "Thamudic", 843030, "sem-cen", "Narb", translit = "Narb-translit", } m["sem-wes-pro"] = { "Proto-West Semitic", 98021726, "sem-wes", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["sio-pro"] = { -- NB this is not Proto-Siouan-Catawban 'nai-sca-pro' "Proto-Siouan", 34181, "sio", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-bok"] = { "Bokar", 4938727, "sit-tan", "Latn, Tibt", translit = {Tibt = "Tibt-translit"}, override_translit = true, display_text = {Tibt = s["Tibt-displaytext"]}, entry_name = {Tibt = s["Tibt-entryname"]}, sort_key = {Tibt = "Tibt-sortkey"}, } m["sit-cha"] = { "Chairel", 5068066, "sit-luu", "Latn", } m["sit-gkh"] = { "Gokhy", 5578069, "tbq-lol", "Latn", } m["sit-hrs-pro"] = { "Proto-Hrusish", nil, "sit-hrs", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-jap"] = { "Japhug", 3162245, "sit-rgy", "Latn", } m["sit-kha-pro"] = { "Proto-Kham", nil, "sit-kha", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-liz"] = { "Lizu", 6660653, "sit-qia", "Latn", -- and Ersu Shaba } m["sit-luu-pro"] = { "Proto-Luish", nil, "sit-luu", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-mor"] = { "Moran", 6909216, "tbq-bdg", "Latn", } m["sit-prn"] = { "Puiron", 7259048, "sit-zem", } m["sit-pro"] = { "Proto-Sino-Tibetan", 45961, "sit", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-sit"] = { "Situ", 19840830, "sit-rgy", "Latn", } m["sit-tan-pro"] = { "Proto-Tani", nil, "sit-tan", "Latn", -- needs verification type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-tgm"] = { "Tangam", 17041370, "sit-tan", "Latn", } m["sit-tos"] = { "Tosu", 7827899, "sit-qia", "Latn", -- also Ersu Shaba } m["sit-tsh"] = { "Tshobdun", 19840950, "sit-rgy", "Latn", } m["sit-zbu"] = { "Zbu", 19841106, "sit-rgy", "Latn", } m["sla-pro"] = { "Proto-Slavic", 747537, "sla", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", entry_name = { remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.tilde .. c.macron .. c.dgrave .. c.invbreve, remove_exceptions = {'ś'}, }, sort_key = { from = {"č", "ď", "ě", "ę", "ь", "ľ", "ň", "ǫ", "ř", "š", "ś", "ť", "ъ", "ž"}, to = {"c²", "d²", "e²", "e³", "i²", "l²", "nj", "o²", "r²", "s²", "s³", "t²", "u²", "z²"}, } } m["smi-pro"] = { "Proto-Samic", 7251862, "smi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = { from = {"ā", "č", "δ", "[ëē]", "ŋ", "ń", "ō", "š", "θ", "%([^()]+%)"}, to = {"a", "c²", "d", "e", "n²", "n³", "o", "s²", "t²"} }, } m["son-pro"] = { "Proto-Songhay", nil, "son", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["sqj-pro"] = { "Proto-Albanian", 18210846, "sqj", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ssa-klk-pro"] = { "Proto-Kuliak", nil, "ssa-klk", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ssa-kom-pro"] = { "Proto-Koman", nil, "ssa-kom", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["ssa-pro"] = { "Proto-Nilo-Saharan", nil, "ssa", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["syd-fne"] = { "Forest Nenets", 1295107, "syd", "Cyrl", translit = "syd-fne-translit", entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.macron .. c.breve .. c.dotabove}, } m["syd-pro"] = { "Proto-Samoyedic", 7251863, "syd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tai-pro"] = { "Proto-Tai", 6583709, "tai", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["tai-swe-pro"] = { "Proto-Southwestern Tai", nil, "tai-swe", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-bdg-pro"] = { "Proto-Bodo-Garo", nil, "tbq-bdg", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-kuk-pro"] = { "Proto-Kuki-Chin", nil, "tbq-kuk", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-lal-pro"] = { "Proto-Lalo", nil, "tbq-lol", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-laz"] = { "Laze", 17007626, "sit-nax", } m["tbq-lob-pro"] = { "Proto-Lolo-Burmese", nil, "tbq-lob", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-lol-pro"] = { "Proto-Loloish", 7251855, "tbq-lol", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-ngo"] = { "Ngochang", nil, "tbq-brm", "Latn", } m["tbq-plg"] = { "Pai-lang", 2879843, "tbq-lob", "Hani, Latinx", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } -- tbq-pro is now etymology-only m["trk-dkh"] = { "Dukhan", nil, "trk-sib", "Latn, Cyrl, Mong", translit = {Mong = "Mong-translit"}, display_text = {Mong = s["Mong-displaytext"]}, entry_name = {Mong = s["Mong-entryname"]}, } m["trk-oat"] = { "Old Anatolian Turkish", 7083390, "trk-ogz", "ota-Arab", ancestors = "trk-ogz-pro", entry_name = {["ota-Arab"] = "ar-entryname"}, } m["trk-pro"] = { "Proto-Turkic", 3657773, "trk", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["tup-gua-pro"] = { "Proto-Tupi-Guarani", nil, "tup-gua", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["tup-kab"] = { "Kabishiana", 15302988, "tup", "Latn", } m["tup-pro"] = { "Proto-Tupian", 10354700, "tup", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["tuw-pro"] = { "Proto-Tungusic", nil, "tuw", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["tuw-kkl"] = { "Kyakala", nil, "tuw", "Latn, Hani", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["tuw-sol"] = { "Solon", 30004, "tuw", } m["und-isa"] = { "Isaurian", 16956868, nil, -- "Xsux, Hluw, Latn", } m["und-kas"] = { "Kassite", 35612, nil, "Xsux", } m["und-mil"] = { "Milang", 6850761, nil, "Deva, Latn", } m["und-mmd"] = { "Mimi of Decorse", 6862206, nil, "Latn", } m["und-mmn"] = { "Mimi of Nachtigal", 6862207, nil, "Latn", } m["und-phi"] = { "Philistine", 2230924, nil, "Phnx", } m["und-wji"] = { "Western Jicaque", 3178610, "hok", "Latn", } m["urj-fin-pro"] = { "Proto-Finnic", 11883720, "urj-fin", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["urj-koo"] = { "Old Komi", nil, "urj-prm", "Perm, Cyrs", translit = "urj-koo-translit", sort_key = {Cyrs = s["Cyrs-sortkey"]}, } m["urj-kuk"] = { "Kukkuzi", 107410460, "urj-fin", "Latn", ancestors = "vot", } m["urj-kya"] = { "Komi-Yazva", 2365210, "urj-prm", "Cyrl", translit = "kv-translit", override_translit = true, entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.acute}, } m["urj-mdv-pro"] = { "Proto-Mordvinic", nil, "urj-mdv", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["urj-prm-pro"] = { "Proto-Permic", nil, "urj-prm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["urj-pro"] = { "Proto-Uralic", 288765, "urj", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["urj-ugr-pro"] = { "Proto-Ugric", 156631, "urj-ugr", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["xnd-pro"] = { "Proto-Na-Dene", nil, "xnd", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["xgn-mgr"] = { "Mangghuer", 34214, "mjg", "Latn", -- also Mong, Cyrl ? } m["xgn-mgl"] = { "Mongghul", 34214, "mjg", "Latn", -- also Mong, Cyrl ? } m["xgn-pro"] = { "Proto-Mongolic", 2493677, "xgn", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["xgn-rou"] = { "Rouran", 48816637, "xgn", "Hani, Latinx", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["ypk-pro"] = { "Proto-Yupik", nil, "ypk", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["zhx-min-pro"] = { "Proto-Min", 19646347, "zhx-min", "Latinx", type = "reconstructed", } m["zhx-sht"] = { "Shaozhou Tuhua", 1920769, "zhx", "Nshu, Hani, Hant, Hans", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["zhx-tai"] = { "Taishanese", 2208940, "zhx", "Hani, Hant, Hans", ancestors = "yue", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", translit = "zh-translit", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["zhx-teo"] = { "Teochew", 36759, "zhx-min-hai", "Hani, Hant, Hans", ancestors = "nan", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["zle-ono"] = { "Old Novgorodian", 162013, "zle", "Cyrs, Glag", translit = "Cyrs-Glag-translit", entry_name = {Cyrs = s["Cyrs-entryname"]}, sort_key = {Cyrs = s["Cyrs-sortkey"]}, } m["zle-ort"] = { "Old Ruthenian", 13211, "zle", "Cyrs", ancestors = "orv", translit = "zle-ort-translit", entry_name = { remove_diacritics = s["Cyrs-entryname"].remove_diacritics, remove_exceptions = {"Ї", "ї"} }, sort_key = s["Cyrs-sortkey"], } --[[ m["zlw-ocs"] = { "Old Czech", 593096, "zlw", "Latn", } ]] m["zlw-opl"] = { "Old Polish", 149838, "zlw-lch", "Latn", entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.ringabove}, } m["zlw-pom-pro"] = { "Proto-Pomeranian", 149588, "zlw-pom", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["zlw-slv"] = { "Slovincian", 36822, "zlw-pom", "Latn", ancestors = "zlw-pom-pro", entry_name = "zlw-slv-entryname" } return require("Module:languages").addDefaultTypes(m, true) 3bwxkcr3obx7lv8j38xnvdhll6ytih4 488088 488087 2026-09-04T19:51:14Z SM7 6218 updating... 488088 Scribunto text/plain local m_langdata = require("Module:languages/data") -- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data). local function u(...) u = require("Module:string utilities").char return u(...) end local c = m_langdata.chars local p = m_langdata.puaChars local s = m_langdata.shared local m = {} m["aav-khs-pro"] = { "Proto-Khasian", 116773216, "aav-khs", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aav-nic-pro"] = { "Proto-Nicobarese", 116773793, "aav-nic", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aav-pkl-pro"] = { "Proto-Pnar-Khasi-Lyngngam", 116773259, "aav-pkl", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aav-pro"] = { -- mkh-pro will merge into this "Proto-Austroasiatic", 116773186, "aav", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["afa-pro"] = { "Proto-Afroasiatic", 269125, "afa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alg-aga"] = { "Agawam", nil, "alg-eas", "Latn", } m["alg-pro"] = { "Proto-Algonquian", 7251834, "alg", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = "·"}, } m["alv-ama"] = { "Amasi", 4740400, "nic-grs", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.circ .. c.tilde .. c.macron}, } m["alv-bgu"] = { "Bainouk Gubeeher", 17002646, "alv-bny", "Latn", } m["alv-bua-pro"] = { "Proto-Bua", 116773723, "alv-bua", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-cng-pro"] = { "Proto-Cangin", 116773726, "alv-cng", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-edo-pro"] = { "Proto-Edoid", 116773206, "alv-edo", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-fli-pro"] = { "Proto-Fali", 116773754, "alv-fli", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-gbe-pro"] = { "Proto-Gbe", 116773208, "alv-gbe", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-gng-pro"] = { "Proto-Guang", 116773757, "alv-gng", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-gtm-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Togo", 116773732, "alv-gtm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-gwa"] = { "Gwara", 16945580, "nic-pla", "Latn", } m["alv-hei-pro"] = { "Proto-Heiban", 116773760, "alv-hei", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-ido-pro"] = { "Proto-Idomoid", 116773764, "alv-ido", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-igb-pro"] = { "Proto-Igboid", 116773765, "alv-igb", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-kwa-pro"] = { "Proto-Kwa", 116773780, "alv-kwa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-mum-pro"] = { "Proto-Mumuye", 116773791, "alv-mum", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-nup-pro"] = { "Proto-Nupoid", 116773795, "alv-nup", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-pro"] = { "Proto-Atlantic-Congo", 116732838, "alv", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-edk-pro"] = { "Proto-Edekiri", nil, "alv-edk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-yor-pro"] = { "Proto-Yoruba", nil, "alv-yor", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-yrd-pro"] = { "Proto-Yoruboid", 116773824, "alv-yrd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-von-pro"] = { "Proto-Volta-Niger", 116773820, "alv-von", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["apa-pro"] = { "Proto-Apachean", 116773135, "apa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aql-pro"] = { "Proto-Algic", 18389588, "aql", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = "·"}, } m["art-adu"] = { "Adûni", 1232159, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-bel"] = { "Belter Creole", 108055510, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", sort_key = { remove_diacritics = c.acute, from = {"ɒ"}, to = {"a"}, }, } m["art-blk"] = { "Bolak", 2909283, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-bsp"] = { "Black Speech", 686210, "art", "Latn, Teng", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-com"] = { "Communicationssprache", 35227, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-dtk"] = { "Dothraki", 2914733, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-elo"] = { "Eloi", nil, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-gld"] = { "Goa'uld", 19823, "art", "Latn, Egyp, Mero", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-lap"] = { "Lapine", 6488195, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-man"] = { "Mandalorian", 54289, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-mun"] = { "Mundolinco", 851355, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-nav"] = { "Naʼvi", 316939, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-vlh"] = { "High Valyrian", 64483808, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["ath-nic"] = { "Nicola", 20609, "ath-nor", "Latn", } m["ath-pro"] = { "Proto-Athabaskan", 104841722, "ath", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["auf-pro"] = { "Proto-Arawa", 116773706, "auf", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-alu"] = { "Alungul", 16827670, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-and"] = { "Andjingith", 4754509, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-ang"] = { "Angkula", 16828520, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-arn-pro"] = { "Proto-Arnhem", 116773720, "aus-arn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-bra"] = { "Barranbinya", 4863220, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-brm"] = { "Barunggam", 4865914, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-cww-pro"] = { "Proto-Central New South Wales", 116773199, "aus-cww", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-dal-pro"] = { "Proto-Daly", 116773743, "aus-dal", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-guw"] = { "Guwar", 6652138, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["aus-lsw"] = { "Little Swanport", 6652138, "qfa-unc", "Latn", } m["aus-mbi"] = { "Mbiywom", 6799701, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-ngk"] = { "Ngkoth", 7022405, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-nyu-pro"] = { "Proto-Nyulnyulan", 116773797, "aus-nyu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-pam-pro"] = { "Proto-Pama-Nyungan", 33942, "aus-pam", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-tul"] = { "Tulua", 16938541, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["aus-uwi"] = { "Uwinymil", 7903995, "aus-arn", "Latn", } m["aus-wdj-pro"] = { "Proto-Iwaidjan", 116773767, "aus-wdj", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-won"] = { "Wong-gie", nil, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["aus-wul"] = { "Wulguru", 8039196, "aus-dyb", "Latn", } m["aus-ynk"] = { -- contrast nny "Yangkaal", 3913770, "aus-tnk", "Latn", } m["awd-amc-pro"] = { "Proto-Amuesha-Chamicuro", nil, "awd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-kmp-pro"] = { "Proto-Kampa", nil, "awd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-prw-pro"] = { "Proto-Paresi-Waura", nil, "awd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-ama"] = { "Amarizana", 16827787, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-ana"] = { "Anauyá", 16828252, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-apo"] = { "Apolista", 16916645, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-cab"] = { "Cabre", 16850160, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-gnu"] = { "Guinau", 3504087, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-kar"] = { "Cariay", 16920253, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-kaw"] = { "Kawishana", 6379993, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["awd-kus"] = { "Kustenau", 5196293, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-man"] = { "Manao", 6746920, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-mar"] = { "Marawan", 6755108, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-mpr"] = { "Maipure", 6736872, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-mrt"] = { "Mariaté", 16910017, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["awd-nwk-pro"] = { "Proto-Nawiki", 116773234, "awd-nwk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-pai"] = { "Paikoneka", 128807835, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-pas"] = { "Pasé", 7143168, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["awd-pro"] = { "Proto-Arawak", 97573478, "awd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-she"] = { "Shebayo", 7492248, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-taa-pro"] = { "Proto-Ta-Arawak", 116773282, "awd-taa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-wai"] = { "Wainumá", 16910017, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["awd-war"] = { "Old Warekena", 105320180, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["awd-yum"] = { "Yumana", 8061062, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["azc-caz"] = { "Cazcan", 5055514, "azc", "Latn", } m["azc-cup-pro"] = { "Proto-Cupan", 116773738, "azc-cup", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-ktn"] = { "Kitanemuk", 3197558, "azc-tak", "Latn", } m["azc-nah-pro"] = { "Proto-Nahuan", 7251860, "azc-nah", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-nic"] = { "Nicoleño", 50241488, "azc", "Latn", } m["azc-num-pro"] = { "Proto-Numic", 116773247, "azc-num", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-pro"] = { "Proto-Uto-Aztecan", 96400333, "azc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-tak-pro"] = { "Proto-Takic", 116773283, "azc-tak", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-tat"] = { "Tataviam", 743736, "azc", "Latn", } m["ber-pro"] = { "Proto-Berber", 2855698, "ber", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ber-fog"] = { "Fogaha", 107610173, "ber", "Latn", } m["ber-zuw"] = { "Zuwara", 4117169, "ber", "Latn", } m["bnt-bal"] = { "Balong", 93935237, "bnt-bbo", "Latn", } m["bnt-bon"] = { "Boma Nkuu", nil, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-boy"] = { "Boma Yumu", nil, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-bwa"] = { "Bwala", 128810345, "bnt-tek", "Latn", } m["bnt-cmw"] = { "Chimwiini", 4958328, "bnt-swh", "Latn", } m["bnt-ind"] = { "Indanga", 51412803, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-lal"] = { "Lala (South Africa)", 6480154, "bnt-ngu", "Latn", } m["bnt-mpi"] = { "Mpiin", 93937013, "bnt-bdz", "Latn", } m["bnt-mpu"] = { "Mpuono", -- not to be confused with Mbuun zmp 36056, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-ngu-pro"] = { "Proto-Nguni", 961559, "bnt-ngu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.circ .. c.caron}, } m["bnt-phu"] = { "Phuthi", 33796, "bnt-ngu", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute}, } m["bnt-pro"] = { "Proto-Bantu", 3408025, "bnt", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = "bnt-pro-sortkey", } m["bnt-sab-pro"] = { "Proto-Sabaki", nil, -- Q2209395 is the code for the Sabaki family "bnt-sab", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["bnt-sbo"] = { "South Boma", nil, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-sts-pro"] = { "Proto-Sotho-Tswana", 116773278, "bnt-sts", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["btk-pro"] = { "Proto-Batak", 116773191, "btk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-abz-pro"] = { "Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza", 7251831, "cau-abz", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-and-pro"] = { "Proto-Andian", nil, "cau-and", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-ava-pro"] = { "Proto-Avaro-Andian", 116773187, "cau-ava", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-cir-pro"] = { "Proto-Circassian", 7251838, "cau-cir", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-drg-pro"] = { "Proto-Dargwa", 116773205, "cau-drg", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-lzg-pro"] = { "Proto-Lezghian", 116773223, "cau-lzg", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-nec-pro"] = { "Proto-Northeast Caucasian", 116773244, "cau-nec", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-nkh-pro"] = { "Proto-Nakh", 108032840, "cau-nkh", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-nwc-pro"] = { "Proto-Northwest Caucasian", 7251861, "cau-nwc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-tsz-pro"] = { "Proto-Tsezian", 116773287, "cau-tsz", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cba-ata"] = { "Atanques", 4812783, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-cat"] = { "Catío Chibcha", 7083619, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-dor"] = { "Dorasque", 5297532, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-dui"] = { "Duit", 3041061, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-hue"] = { "Huetar", 35514, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-nut"] = { "Nutabe", 7070405, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-pro"] = { "Proto-Chibchan", 116773203, "cba", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ccs-pro"] = { "Proto-Kartvelian", 2608203, "ccs", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", strip_diacritics = { from = {"q̣", "p̣", "ʓ", "ċ"}, to = {"q̇", "ṗ", "ʒ", "c̣"} }, } m["ccs-gzn-pro"] = { "Proto-Georgian-Zan", 23808119, "ccs-gzn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", strip_diacritics = { from = {"q̣", "p̣", "ʓ", "ċ"}, to = {"q̇", "ṗ", "ʒ", "c̣"} }, } m["cdc-cbm-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Chadic", 116773197, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cdc-mas-pro"] = { "Proto-Masa", 116773789, "cdc-mas", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cdc-pro"] = { "Proto-Chadic", 116773201, "cdc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cdd-pro"] = { "Proto-Caddoan", 116773725, "cdd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cel-bry-pro"] = { "Proto-Brythonic", 1248800, "cel-bry", "Latn, Polyt", sort_key = { Latn = "cel-bry-pro-sortkey", }, -- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["cel-gal"] = { "Gallaecian", 3094789, "cel-his", } m["cel-gau"] = { "Gaulish", 29977, "cel", "Latn, Polyt, Ital", strip_diacritics = { Latn = {remove_diacritics = c.macron .. c.breve .. c.diaer}, }, sort_key = { Latn = "cel-bry-pro-sortkey", }, -- Ital translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] -- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["cel-pro"] = { "Proto-Celtic", 653649, "cel", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = "cel-pro-sortkey", } m["chi-pro"] = { "Proto-Chimakuan", 116773734, "chi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["chm-pro"] = { "Proto-Mari", 116773788, "chm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cmc-pro"] = { "Proto-Chamic", 114793834, "cmc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["crp-bip"] = { "Basque-Icelandic Pidgin", 810378, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "eu", } m["crp-cpr"] = { "Chinese Pidgin Russian", nil, "crp", "Hani, Cyrl, Latn", ancestors = "ru, zh", translit = {Cyrl = "ru-translit"}, strip_diacritics = { Cyrl = {remove_diacritics = c.acute .. c.grave .. c.macron}, }, } m["crp-gep"] = { "West Greenlandic Pidgin", 17036301, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "kl", } m["crp-kia"] = { "Kiautschou German Pidgin", 108314615, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "de", } m["crp-mar"] = { "Maroon Spirit Language", 1093206, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "en", } m["crp-mpp"] = { "Macau Pidgin Portuguese", 128804537, "crp", "Hant, Latn", ancestors = "pt", sort_key = {Hant = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["crp-rsn"] = { "Russenorsk", 505125, "crp", "Cyrl, Latn", ancestors = "nn, ru", translit = {Cyrl = "ru-translit"}, } m["crp-spp"] = { "Samoan Plantation Pidgin", 7409948, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "en", } m["crp-slb"] = { "Solombala English", 7558525, "crp", "Cyrl, Latn", ancestors = "en, ru", translit = {Cyrl = "ru-translit"}, } m["crp-tpr"] = { "Taimyr Pidgin Russian", 16930506, "crp", "Cyrl", ancestors = "ru", translit = "ru-translit", } m["csu-bba-pro"] = { "Proto-Bongo-Bagirmi", 116773722, "csu-bba", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["csu-maa-pro"] = { "Proto-Mangbetu", 116773786, "csu-maa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["csu-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Sudanic", 116773730, "csu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["csu-sar-pro"] = { "Proto-Sara", 116773809, "csu-sar", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cus-ash"] = { "Ashraaf", 4805855, "cus-som", "Latn", } m["cus-hec-pro"] = { "Proto-Highland East Cushitic", 116773761, "cus-hec", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cus-som-pro"] = { "Proto-Somaloid", nil, "cus-som", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cus-sou-pro"] = { "Proto-South Cushitic", 126081567, "cus-sou", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cus-pro"] = { "Proto-Cushitic", 116773204, "cus", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dmn-dam"] = { "Dama (Sierra Leone)", 19601574, "dmn", "Latn", } m["dra-bry"] = { "Beary", 1089116, "qfa-mix", "Mlym, Knda", ancestors = "ml, tcy", -- Knda translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] -- Mlym translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["dra-cen-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Dravidian", nil, "dra-cen", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dra-mkn"] = { "Middle Kannada", 128810572, "dra-kan", "Knda", -- Knda translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["dra-nor-pro"] = { "Proto-North Dravidian", 124433593, "dra-nor", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dra-okn"] = { "Old Kannada", 15723156, "dra-kan", "Knda", -- Knda translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["dra-ote"] = { "Old Telugu", 126720868, "dra-tel", "Telu", translit = "te-translit", } m["dra-pro"] = { "Proto-Dravidian", 1702853, "dra", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dra-sdo-pro"] = { "Proto-South Dravidian I", 104847952, -- Wikipedia's "Proto-South Dravidian" is Proto-South Dravidian I in this scheme. "dra-sdo", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dra-sdt-pro"] = { "Proto-South Dravidian II", 128885257, "dra-sdt", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dra-sou-pro"] = { "Proto-South Dravidian", 128886121, "dra-sou", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["egx-dem"] = { "Demotic Egyptian", 36765, "egx", "Latn, Egyd, Polyt", sort_key = { Latn = { remove_diacritics = "'%-%s", from = {"ꜣ", "j", "e", "ꜥ", "y", "w", "b", "p", "f", "m", "n", "r", "l", "ḥ", "ḫ", "h̭", "ẖ", "h", "š", "s", "q", "k", "g", "ṱ", "ṯ", "t", "ḏ", "%.", "⸗"}, to = {p[1], p[2], p[3], p[4], p[5], p[6], p[7], p[8], p[9], p[10], p[11], p[12], p[13], p[15], p[16], p[16], p[17], p[14], p[19], p[18], p[20], p[21], p[22], p[23], p[24], p[23], p[25], p[26], p[26]} }, }, -- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["dmn-pro"] = { "Proto-Mande", 116773785, "dmn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dmn-mdw-pro"] = { "Proto-Western Mande", 116773822, "dmn-mdw", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dru-pro"] = { "Proto-Rukai", 116773807, "map", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ero-gsz"] = { "Geshiza", nil, "ero", "Latn", } m["ero-nya"] = { "Nyagrong Minyag", nil, "ero", "Latn", } m["ero-tau"] = { "Stau", nil, "ero", "Latn", } m["esx-esk-pro"] = { "Proto-Eskimo", 7251842, "esx-esk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["esx-ink"] = { "Inuktun", 1671647, "esx-inu", "Latn", } m["esx-inq"] = { "Inuinnaqtun", 28070, "esx-inu", "Latn", } m["esx-inu-pro"] = { "Proto-Inuit", 60785588, "esx-inu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["esx-pro"] = { "Proto-Eskimo-Aleut", 7251843, "esx", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["esx-tut"] = { "Tunumiisut", 15665389, "esx-inu", "Latn", } m["euq-pro"] = { "Proto-Basque", 938011, "euq", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["gba-pro"] = { "Proto-Gbaya", nil, "gba", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["gem-pro"] = { "Proto-Germanic", 669623, "gem", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = "gem-pro-sortkey", } m["gme-bur"] = { "Burgundian", 47625, "gme", "Latn", } m["gme-cgo"] = { "Crimean Gothic", 36211, "gme", "Latn", } m["gmq-gut"] = { "Gutnish", 1256646, "gmq", "Latn", ancestors = "gmq-ogt", } m["gmq-jmk"] = { "Jamtish", 35512, "gmq-eas", "Latn", } m["gmq-mno"] = { "Middle Norwegian", 3417070, "gmq-wes", "Latn", } m["gmq-oda"] = { "Old Danish", 12330003, "gmq-eas", "Latn, Runr", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.macron}, } m["gmq-ogt"] = { "Old Gutnish", 1133488, "gmq", "Latn, Runr", ancestors = "non", } m["gmq-osw"] = { "Old Swedish", 2417210, "gmq-eas", "Latn, Runr", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.macron}, } m["gmq-pro"] = { "Proto-Norse", 1671294, "gmq", "Runr", translit = "Runr-translit", } m["gmq-scy"] = { "Scanian", 768017, "gmq-eas", "Latn", } m["gmw-bgh"] = { "Bergish", 329030, "gmw-frk", "Latn", } m["gmw-cfr"] = { "Central Franconian", 572197, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "gmh", wikimedia_codes = "ksh", } m["gmw-ecg"] = { "East Central German", 499344, -- subsumes Q699284, Q152965 "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "gmh", } m["gmw-fin"] = { "Fingallian", 3072588, "gmw-ian", "Latn", } m["gmw-gts"] = { "Gottscheerish", 533109, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "bar", } m["gmw-jdt"] = { "Jersey Dutch", 1687911, "gmw-frk", "Latn", ancestors = "nl", } m["gmw-msc"] = { "Middle Scots", 3327000, "gmw-ang", "Latn", ancestors = "enm-esc", } m["gmw-pro"] = { "Proto-West Germanic", 78079021, "gmw", "Latn, Runr", -- type = "reconstructed", -- largely but not entirely reconstructed (like Proto-Norse); see April '24 BP, set back to reconstructed (?) if 'anti-asterisk' is added sort_key = "gmw-pro-sortkey", } m["gmw-rfr"] = { "Rhine Franconian", 707007, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "gmh", } m["gmw-stm"] = { "Sathmar Swabian", 2223059, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "swg", } m["gmw-tsx"] = { "Transylvanian Saxon", 260942, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "gmw-cfr", } m["gmw-vog"] = { "Volga German", 312574, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "gmw-rfr", } m["gmw-zps"] = { "Zipser German", 205548, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "gmh", } m["gn-cls"] = { "Classical Guarani", 17478065, "gn", "Latn", } m["grk-cal"] = { "Calabrian Greek", 1146398, "grk", "Latn, Grek", ancestors = "grk-ita", translit = { Grek = "el-translit", }, -- Grek display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["grk-ita"] = { "Italiot Greek", 19720507, "grk", "Latn, Grek", ancestors = "gkm", translit = { Grek = "el-translit", }, -- Grek display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["grk-mar"] = { "Mariupol Greek", 4400023, "grk", "Cyrl, Latn, Grek", ancestors = "gkm", translit = { Cyrl = "grk-mar-translit", Grek = "grk-mar-translit", }, override_translit = true, strip_diacritics = { Cyrl = {remove_diacritics = c.acute}, }, -- Grek display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["grk-pro"] = { "Proto-Hellenic", 1231805, "grk", "Latn, Polyt", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = {Latn = { from = {"ʰ", "ʷ"}, to = {"h", "w"}, remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.macron .. c.breve .. c.caron .. c.CGJ }}, display_text = {Latn = { from = {"([dlLt])" .. c.caron}, to = {"%1" .. c.CGJ .. c.caron}, }}, strip_diacritics = {Latn = { from = {"([dlLt])" .. c.caron}, to = {"%1" .. c.CGJ .. c.caron}, }}, -- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] -- NOTE: formerly no translit specified for Polyt; presumably an accidental omission; if not, set Polyt = false in -- the translit section } m["hmn-pro"] = { "Proto-Hmongic", 116773210, "hmn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["hmx-mie-pro"] = { "Proto-Mienic", 116773229, "hmx-mie", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["hmx-pro"] = { "Proto-Hmong-Mien", 7251846, "hmx", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["hyx-pro"] = { "Proto-Armenian", 3848498, "hyx", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["iir-nur-pro"] = { "Proto-Nuristani", 116773248, "iir-nur", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["iir-pro"] = { "Proto-Indo-Iranian", 966439, "iir", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ijo-pro"] = { "Proto-Ijoid", 116773766, "ijo", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["inc-apa"] = { "Apabhramsa", 616419, "inc-mid", "Deva, Shrd, Sidd", ancestors = "pra", translit = { Deva = "sa-translit", -- Shrd translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] -- Sidd translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] }, } m["inc-ash"] = { "Ashokan Prakrit", 104854379, "inc-mid", "Brah, Khar", ancestors = "sa", translit = { -- Brah translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] Khar = "Khar-translit", }, } m["inc-dng-pro"] = { "Proto-Dangari", nil, "inc-dng", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["inc-kam"] = { "Kamarupi Prakrit", 6356097, "inc-bas", "Brah, Sidd", -- Brah, Sidd translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["inc-kho"] = { "Kholosi", 24952008, "inc-snd", "Latn", } m["inc-khr"] = { "Khortha", 13406670, "inc-sad", "Deva, Kthi", translit = { Deva = "bho-translit", Kthi = "bho-Kthi-translit", }, } m["inc-krd-pro"] = { "Proto-Kamta", 128816843, "inc-bas", "Latn", ancestors = "inc-kam", type = "reconstructed", } m["inc-mas"] = { "Middle Assamese", 128806836, "inc-bas", "as-Beng", ancestors = "inc-oas", translit = "inc-mas-translit", } m["inc-mbn"] = { "Middle Bengali", 113559927, "inc-bas", "Beng", ancestors = "inc-obn", translit = "inc-mbn-translit", } m["inc-mgu"] = { "Middle Gujarati", 24907429, "inc-wes", "Deva", ancestors = "inc-ogu", } m["inc-mor"] = { "Middle Odia", 128810882, "inc-eas", "Orya", ancestors = "inc-oor", } m["inc-oas"] = { "Early Assamese", 85758237, "inc-bas", "as-Beng", ancestors = "inc-kam", translit = "inc-oas-translit", } m["inc-oaw"] = { "Old Awadhi", nil, "inc-hie", "Deva, Kthi, Aran", strip_diacritics = { from = {"هٔ", "ۂ"}, -- character "ۂ" code U+06C2 to "ه" and "هٔ" (U+0647 + U+0654) to "ه" to = {"ہ", "ہ"}, remove_diacritics = c.fathatan .. c.dammatan .. c.kasratan .. c.fatha .. c.damma .. c.kasra .. c.shadda .. c.sukun .. c.nunghunna .. c.superalef }, translit = { Deva = "sa-translit", Kthi = "sa-Kthi-translit", Aran = "inc-ohi-translit", }, } m["inc-obn"] = { "Old Bengali", 113559926, "inc-bas", "Beng", } m["inc-ogu"] = { "Old Gujarati", 24907427, "inc-wes", "Deva", translit = "sa-translit", } m["inc-ohi"] = { "Old Hindi", 48767781, "inc-hiw", "Deva, Aran", strip_diacritics = { from = {"هٔ", "ۂ"}, -- character "ۂ" code U+06C2 to "ه" and "هٔ" (U+0647 + U+0654) to "ه" to = {"ہ", "ہ"}, remove_diacritics = c.fathatan .. c.dammatan .. c.kasratan .. c.fatha .. c.damma .. c.kasra .. c.shadda .. c.sukun .. c.nunghunna .. c.superalef }, translit = { Deva = "sa-translit", Aran = "inc-ohi-translit", }, } m["inc-oor"] = { "Old Odia", 128807801, "inc-eas", "Orya", } m["inc-opa"] = { "Old Punjabi", 115270971, "inc-pan", "Guru, Aran", translit = { Guru = "inc-opa-Guru-translit", Aran = "pa-Aran-translit", }, strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.fathatan .. c.dammatan .. c.kasratan .. c.fatha .. c.damma .. c.kasra .. c.shadda .. c.sukun}, } m["inc-pro"] = { "Proto-Indo-Aryan", 23808344, "inc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["inc-sar"] = { "Sarazi", 85799728, "him", "Aran, Deva, Takr", strip_diacritics = { from = {"هٔ", "ۂ"}, -- character "ۂ" code U+06C2 to "ه" and "هٔ" (U+0647 + U+0654) to "ه" to = {"ہ", "ہ"}, remove_diacritics = c.fathatan .. c.dammatan .. c.kasratan .. c.fatha .. c.damma .. c.kasra .. c.shadda .. c.sukun .. c.nunghunna .. c.superalef }, translit = { Aran = "ur-translit", Deva = "hi-translit", -- Takr = "Takr-translit", }, } m["ine-ana-pro"] = { "Proto-Anatolian", 7251833, "ine-ana", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ine-bsl-pro"] = { "Proto-Balto-Slavic", 1703347, "ine-bsl", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = { from = {"[áā]", "[éēḗ]", "[íī]", "[óōṓ]", "[úū]", c.acute, c.macron, "ˀ"}, to = {"a", "e", "i", "o", "u"} }, } m["ine-kal"] = { "Kalašma", 122770439, "ine-ana", "Xsux", } m["ine-pae"] = { "Paeonian", 2705672, "ine", "Polyt", -- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["ine-pro"] = { "Proto-Indo-European", 37178, "ine", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = { from = {"[áā]", "[éēḗ]", "[íī]", "[óōṓ]", "[úū]", "ĺ", "ḿ", "ń", "ŕ", "ǵ", "ḱ", "ʰ", "ʷ", "₁", "₂", "₃", c.ringbelow, c.acute, c.macron}, to = {"a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "l", "m", "n", "r", "g'", "k'", "¯h", "¯w", "1", "2", "3"} }, } m["ine-toc-pro"] = { "Proto-Tocharian", 104841462, "ine-toc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["xme-old"] = { "Old Median", 36461, "xme", "Polyt, Latn", -- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["xme-mid"] = { "Middle Median", 12836150, "xme", "Latn", } m["xme-ker"] = { "Kermanic", 129850, "xme", "Arab, Latn, Hebr", ancestors = "xme-mid", -- Hebr display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["xme-taf"] = { "Tafreshi", nil, "xme", "Arab, Latn", ancestors = "xme-mid", } m["xme-ttc-pro"] = { "Proto-Tatic", 122973870, "xme-ttc", "Latn", ancestors = "xme-mid", } m["xme-kls"] = { "Kalasuri", nil, "xme-ttc", ancestors = "xme-ttc-nor", } m["xme-klt"] = { "Kilit", 3612452, "xme-ttc", "Cyrl", -- and Arab? } m["xme-ott"] = { "Old Tati", 434697, "xme-ttc", "Arab, Latn", } m["ira-kms-pro"] = { "Proto-Komisenian", 116773777, "ira-kms", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-mpr-pro"] = { "Proto-Medo-Parthian", 116773227, "ira-mpr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-pat-pro"] = { "Proto-Pathan", 116773255, "ira-pat", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-pro"] = { "Proto-Iranian", 4167865, "ira", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-zgr-pro"] = { "Proto-Zaza-Gorani", 116775031, "ira-zgr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["xsc-pro"] = { "Proto-Scythian", 116773273, "xsc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["xsc-sar-pro"] = { "Proto-Sarmatian", 116773249, "xsc-sar", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["xsc-skw-pro"] = { "Proto-Saka-Wakhi", 116773267, "xsc-skw", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["xsc-sak-pro"] = { "Proto-Saka", 116773264, "xsc-sak", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-sym-pro"] = { "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji", 116773813, "ira-sym", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-sgi-pro"] = { "Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi", 116773808, "ira-sgi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-mny-pro"] = { "Proto-Munji-Yidgha", 116773792, "ira-mny", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-shy-pro"] = { "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami", 116773812, "ira-shy", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-shr-pro"] = { "Proto-Shughni-Roshani", 116773811, "ira-shr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-sgc-pro"] = { "Proto-Sogdic", 116773276, "ira-sgc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-wnj"] = { "Vanji", 3398419, "ira-shy", "Latn", } m["iro-ere"] = { "Erie", 5388365, "iro-nor", "Latn", } m["iro-min"] = { "Mingo", 128531, "iro-nor", "Latn", ietf_subtag = "i-mingo", -- grandfathered IETF tag } m["iro-nor-pro"] = { "Proto-North Iroquoian", 116773242, "iro-nor", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["iro-pro"] = { "Proto-Iroquoian", 7251852, "iro", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["itc-pro"] = { "Proto-Italic", 17102720, "itc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["itc-psa"] = { "Pre-Samnite", 7239186, "itc-sbl", "Ital, Polyt, Latn", -- Ital translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] (NOTE: formerly not present, probably an accidental omission) -- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["jpx-hcj"] = { "Hachijō", 5637049, "jpx", "Jpan", ancestors = "ojp-eas", translit = s["jpx-translit"], display_text = s["jpx-displaytext"], strip_diacritics = s["jpx-stripdiacritics"], sort_key = s["jpx-sortkey"], } m["jpx-pro"] = { "Proto-Japonic", 3924309, "jpx", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["jpx-ryu-pro"] = { "Proto-Ryukyuan", 56349069, "jpx-ryu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["kar-pro"] = { "Proto-Karen", 85794783, "kar", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["kca-eas"] = { "Eastern Khanty", 30304622, "kca", "Cyrl", translit = "kca-translit", override_translit = true, -- TODO temporary until MediaWiki supports Unicode 16 (probably requires a PHP update from their side) sort_key = { Cyrl = { from = {"ᲊ"}, to = {"Ᲊ"} } }, } m["kca-nor"] = { "Northern Khanty", 30304527, "kca", "Cyrl", translit = "kca-translit", override_translit = true, -- TODO temporary until MediaWiki supports Unicode 16 (probably requires a PHP update from their side) sort_key = { Cyrl = { from = {"ᲊ"}, to = {"Ᲊ"} } }, } m["kca-pro"] = { "Proto-Khanty", 127505171, "kca", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["kca-sou"] = { "Southern Khanty", 30304618, "kca", "Cyrl", translit = "kca-translit", override_translit = true, } m["khi-kho-pro"] = { "Proto-Khoe", 116773218, "khi-kho", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["khi-kun"] = { "ǃKung", 32904, "khi-kxa", "Latn", } m["ko-ear"] = { "Early Modern Korean", 756014, "qfa-kor", "Kore", ancestors = "okm", translit = "okm-translit", -- Kore strip_diacritics in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["kro-pro"] = { "Proto-Kru", 116773778, "kro", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ku-pro"] = { "Proto-Kurdish", 116773221, "ku", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["map-ata-pro"] = { "Proto-Atayalic", 116773151, "map-ata", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["map-bms"] = { "Banyumasan", 33219, "map", "Latn, Java", } m["map-pro"] = { "Proto-Austronesian", 49230, "map", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mis-hkl"] = { "Kelantan Peranakan Hokkien", 108794818, "qfa-mix", ancestors = "nan-hbl, sou, mfa", } m["mis-idn"] = { "Idiom Neutral", 35847, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["mis-isa"] = { "Isaurian", 16956868, nil, -- "Xsux, Hluw, Latn", } m["mis-jie"] = { "Jie", 124424186, nil, "Hani", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["mis-jzh"] = { "Jizhao", 45242758, "qfa-bej", "Latn", } m["mis-kas"] = { "Kassite", 35612, nil, "Xsux", } m["mis-mmd"] = { "Mimi of Decorse", 6862206, nil, "Latn", } m["mis-mmn"] = { "Mimi of Nachtigal", 6862207, nil, "Latn", } m["mis-phi"] = { "Philistine", 2230924, nil, "Phnx", -- Phnx translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] (NOTE: not present before, presumably an accidental omission) } m["mis-rou"] = { "Rouran", 48816637, "qfa-xgx", "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mis-tdl"] = { "Turdulian", 133176492, } m["mis-tdt"] = { "Turdetanian", 133176461, } m["mis-tnw"] = { "Tangwang", 7683179, "qfa-mix", "Latn", ancestors = "cmn, sce", } m["mis-tuh"] = { "Tuyuhun", 48816625, "qfa-xgx", "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mis-tuo"] = { "Tuoba", 48816629, "qfa-xgx", "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mis-wuh"] = { "Wuhuan", 118976867, "qfa-xgx", "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mis-xbi"] = { "Xianbei", 4448647, "qfa-xgx", "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mis-xnu"] = { "Xiongnu", 10901674, nil, "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mjg-mgl"] = { "Mongghul", 53765528, "mjg", "Latn", -- also Mong, Cyrl ? } m["mjg-mgr"] = { "Mangghuer", 56285392, "mjg", "Latn", -- also Mong, Cyrl ? } m["mkh-asl-pro"] = { "Proto-Aslian", 55630680, "mkh-asl", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-ban-pro"] = { "Proto-Bahnaric", 116773189, "mkh-ban", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-kat-pro"] = { "Proto-Katuic", 116773772, "mkh-kat", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-khm-pro"] = { "Proto-Khmuic", 116773774, "mkh-khm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-kmr-pro"] = { "Proto-Khmeric", 55630684, "mkh-kmr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-mmn"] = { "Middle Mon", 121337926, "mkh-mnc", "Latn, Mymr", --and also Pallava ancestors = "omx", } m["mkh-mnc-pro"] = { "Proto-Monic", 116773231, "mkh-mnc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-mvi"] = { "Middle Vietnamese", 9199, "mkh-vie", "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mkh-pal-pro"] = { "Proto-Palaungic", 104847372, "mkh-pal", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-pea-pro"] = { "Proto-Pearic", 116773804, "mkh-pea", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-pkn-pro"] = { "Proto-Pakanic", 116773803, "mkh-pkn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-pro"] = { --This will be merged into 2015 aav-pro. "Proto-Mon-Khmer", 7251859, "mkh", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mnw-tha"] = { -- To be removed. "Thai Mon", nil, "mkh-mnc", "Mymr, Thai", ancestors = "mkh-mmn", sort_key = { from = {"[%p]", "ျ", "ြ", "ွ", "ှ", "ၞ", "ၟ", "ၠ", "ၚ", "ဿ", "[็-๎]", "([เแโใไ])([ก-ฮ])ฺ?"}, to = {"", "္ယ", "္ရ", "္ဝ", "္ဟ", "္န", "္မ", "္လ", "င", "သ္သ", "", "%2%1"} }, } m["mkh-vie-pro"] = { "Proto-Vietic", 109432616, "mkh-vie", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mns-cen"] = { "Central Mansi", 128810384, "mns", "Cyrl", translit = "mns-translit", override_translit = true, } m["mns-nor"] = { "Northern Mansi", 30304537, "mns", "Cyrl", translit = "mns-translit", override_translit = true, } m["mns-pro"] = { "Proto-Mansi", 128883093, "mns", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mns-sou"] = { "Southern Mansi", 30304629, "mns", "Cyrl", translit = "mns-translit", override_translit = true, } m["mun-pro"] = { "Proto-Munda", 105102373, "mun", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["myn-chl"] = { -- the stage after ''emy'' "Ch'olti'", 873995, "myn", "Latn", } m["myn-pro"] = { "Proto-Mayan", 3321532, "myn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-ala"] = { "Alazapa", 128810233, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-bay"] = { "Bayogoula", 1563704, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-cal"] = { "Calusa", 51782, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-chi"] = { "Chiquimulilla", 25339627, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-chu-pro"] = { "Proto-Chumash", 116773736, "nai-chu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-cig"] = { "Ciguayo", 20741700, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-ckn-pro"] = { "Proto-Chinookan", 116773735, "nai-ckn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-guz"] = { "Guazacapán", 19572028, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-hit"] = { "Hitchiti", 1542882, "nai-mus", "Latn", } m["nai-ipa"] = { "Ipai", 3027474, "nai-yuc", "Latn", } m["nai-jtp"] = { "Jutiapa", nil, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-jum"] = { "Jumaytepeque", 25339626, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-kat"] = { "Kathlamet", 6376639, "nai-ckn", "Latn", } m["nai-klp-pro"] = { "Proto-Kalapuyan", 116773771, "nai-klp", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-knm"] = { "Konomihu", 3198734, "nai-shs", "Latn", } m["nai-kum"] = { "Kumeyaay", 4910139, "nai-yuc", "Latn", } m["nai-mac"] = { "Macoris", 21070851, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-mdu-pro"] = { "Proto-Maidun", 116773784, "nai-mdu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-miz-pro"] = { "Proto-Mixe-Zoque", 7251858, "nai-miz", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-mus-pro"] = { "Proto-Muskogean", 116775368, "nai-mus", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-nao"] = { "Naolan", 6964594, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-nrs"] = { "New River Shasta", 7011254, "nai-shs", "Latn", } m["nai-okw"] = { "Okwanuchu", 3350126, "nai-shs", "Latn", } m["nai-per"] = { "Pericú", 3375369, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-pic"] = { "Picuris", 7191257, "nai-kta", "Latn", } m["nai-plp-pro"] = { "Proto-Plateau Penutian", 116773806, "nai-plp", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-pom-pro"] = { "Proto-Pomo", 116773262, "nai-pom", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-qng"] = { "Quinigua", 36360, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-sca-pro"] = { -- NB 'sio-pro' "Proto-Siouan" which is Proto-Western Siouan "Proto-Siouan-Catawban", 116773275, "nai-sca", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-sin"] = { "Sinacantán", 24190249, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-sln"] = { "Salvadoran Lenca", 3229434, "nai-len", "Latn", } m["nai-spt"] = { "Sahaptin", 3833015, "nai-shp", "Latn", } m["nai-tap"] = { "Tapachultec", 7684401, "nai-miz", "Latn", } m["nai-taw"] = { "Tawasa", 7689233, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-teq"] = { "Tequistlatec", 2964454, "nai-tqn", "Latn", } m["nai-tip"] = { "Tipai", 3027471, "nai-yuc", "Latn", } m["nai-tot-pro"] = { "Proto-Totozoquean", 116773285, "nai-tot", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-tsi-pro"] = { "Proto-Tsimshianic", nil, "nai-tsi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-utn-pro"] = { "Proto-Utian", 116773290, "nai-utn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-wai"] = { "Waikuri", 3118702, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-wji"] = { "Western Jicaque", 3178610, "nai-jcq", "Latn", } m["nai-yup"] = { "Yupiltepeque", 25339628, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nan-dat"] = { "Datian Min", 19855572, "zhx-nan", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["nan-hbl"] = { "Hokkien", 1624231, "zhx-nan", "Hants, Latn, Bopo, Kana", wikimedia_codes = "zh-min-nan", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = { Hani = "Hani-sortkey", Kana = "Kana-sortkey" }, } m["nan-hlh"] = { "Hailufeng Min", 120755728, "zhx-nan", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["nan-lnx"] = { "Longyan Min", 6674568, "zhx-nan", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["nan-tws"] = { "Teochew", 36759, "zhx-nan", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", translit = "zh-translit", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["nan-zhe"] = { "Zhenan Min", 3846710, "zhx-nan", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["nan-zsh"] = { "Sanxiang Min", 7420769, "zhx-nan", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["ngf-bin-pro"] = { "Proto-Binanderean", 137881672, "ngf-bin", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ngf-pro"] = { "Proto-Trans-New Guinea", 85794785, "ngf", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-bco-pro"] = { "Proto-Benue-Congo", 116773194, "nic-bco", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-bod-pro"] = { "Proto-Bantoid", 116773190, "nic-bod", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-eov-pro"] = { "Proto-Eastern Oti-Volta", 116773753, "nic-eov", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-gns-pro"] = { "Proto-Gurunsi", 116773759, "nic-gns", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-grf-pro"] = { "Proto-Grassfields", 116773755, "nic-grf", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-gur-pro"] = { "Proto-Gur", 116773758, "nic-gur", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-jkn-pro"] = { "Proto-Jukunoid", 116773769, "nic-jkn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-lcr-pro"] = { "Proto-Lower Cross River", 116773782, "nic-lcr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-ogo-pro"] = { "Proto-Ogoni", 116773799, "nic-ogo", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-ovo-pro"] = { "Proto-Oti-Volta", 116773802, "nic-ovo", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-plt-pro"] = { "Proto-Plateau", 116773805, "nic-plt", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-pro"] = { "Proto-Niger-Congo", 108000748, "nic", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-ubg-pro"] = { "Proto-Ubangian", 116773818, "nic-ubg", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-ucr-pro"] = { "Proto-Upper Cross River", 116773819, "nic-ucr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-vco-pro"] = { "Proto-Volta-Congo", 116773293, "nic-vco", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["njo-jgl"] = { "Chungli Ao", 55607615, "njo", "Latn", } m["njo-mng"] = { "Mongsen Ao", 85383221, "njo", "Latn", } m["nub-har"] = { "Haraza", 19572059, "nub", "Arab, Latn", } m["nub-pro"] = { "Proto-Nubian", 116773246, "nub", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-cha-pro"] = { "Proto-Chatino", 116773202, "omq-cha", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-maz-pro"] = { "Proto-Mazatec", 116773790, "omq-maz", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-mix-pro"] = { "Proto-Mixtecan", 21573423, "omq-mix", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-mxt-pro"] = { "Proto-Mixtec", 21573424, "omq-mxt", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-otp-pro"] = { "Proto-Oto-Pamean", 116773251, "omq-otp", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-pro"] = { "Proto-Oto-Manguean", 33669, "omq", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-sjq"] = { "San Juan Quiahije Chatino", 138330751, "omq-cha", "Latn", } m["omq-tel"] = { "Teposcolula Mixtec", nil, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["omq-teo"] = { "Teojomulco Chatino", 25340451, "omq-cha", "Latn", } m["omq-tri-pro"] = { "Proto-Triqui", 116773817, "omq-tri", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-zap-pro"] = { "Proto-Zapotecan", 116773297, "omq-zap", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-zpc-pro"] = { "Proto-Zapotec", 116773296, "omq-zpc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omv-aro-pro"] = { "Proto-Aroid", 116773721, "omv-aro", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omv-diz-pro"] = { "Proto-Dizoid", 116773750, "omv-diz", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omv-pro"] = { "Proto-Omotic", 116773800, "omv", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["oto-otm-pro"] = { "Proto-Otomi", 5908710, "oto-otm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["oto-pro"] = { "Proto-Otomian", 116773252, "oto", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["paa-kmn"] = { "Kómnzo", 18344310, "paa-wko", "Latn", } m["paa-kwn"] = { "Kuwani", 6449056, "qfa-unc", -- poorly attested, possibly the same as or related to Kalabra "Latn", } m["paa-lei"] = { "Leitre", 85776228, "paa-isk", } m["paa-nha-pro"] = { "Proto-North Halmahera", 116773241, "paa-nha", "Latn", type = "reconstructed" } m["paa-nun"] = { "Nungon", 128807788, "ngf-ynu", "Latn", } m["phi-din"] = { "Dinapigue Agta", 16945774, "phi", "Latn", } m["phi-kal-pro"] = { "Proto-Kalamian", 116773213, "phi-kal", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["phi-nag"] = { "Nagtipunan Agta", 16966111, "phi", "Latn", } m["phi-pro"] = { "Proto-Philippine", 18204898, "phi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-abi"] = { "Abai", 19570729, "poz-san", "Latn", } m["poz-bal"] = { "Baliledo", 4850912, "poz", "Latn", } m["poz-btk-pro"] = { "Proto-Bungku-Tolaki", 116773724, "poz-btk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-cet-pro"] = { "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian", 2269883, "poz-cet", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-hce-pro"] = { "Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih", 116773209, "poz-hce", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-lgx-pro"] = { "Proto-Lampungic", 116773222, "poz-lgx", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-mcm-pro"] = { "Proto-Malayo-Chamic", 116773225, "poz-mcm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-mic-pro"] = { "Proto-Micronesian", 111939079, "poz-mic", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-mly-pro"] = { "Proto-Malayic", 98057728, "poz-mly", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-msa-pro"] = { "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan", 116773226, "poz-msa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-nes"] = { "Nese", 2157412, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["poz-oce-pro"] = { "Proto-Oceanic", 141741, "poz-oce", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-pcc-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Pacific", 111962726, "poz-pcc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-pep-pro"] = { "Proto-Eastern Polynesian", 113988745, "poz-pep", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-pnp-pro"] = { "Proto-Nuclear Polynesian", 113988746, "poz-pnp", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-pol-pro"] = { "Proto-Polynesian", 1658709, "poz-pol", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-pro"] = { "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian", 3832960, "poz", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-sml"] = { "Sarawak Malay", 4251702, "poz-mly", "Latn, Arab", } m["poz-ssw-pro"] = { "Proto-South Sulawesi", 116773279, "poz-ssw", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-swa-pro"] = { "Proto-North Sarawak", 116773243, "poz-swa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-ter"] = { "Terengganu Malay", 4207412, "poz-mly", "Latn, Arab", } m["pqe-pro"] = { "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian", 2269883, "pqe", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["pra-niy"] = { "Niya Prakrit", 11991601, "inc-mid", "Khar", ancestors = "inc-ash", translit = "Khar-translit", } m["qfa-adm-pro"] = { "Proto-Great Andamanese", 116773756, "qfa-adm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-bet-pro"] = { "Proto-Be-Tai", 116773193, "qfa-bet", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-cka-pro"] = { "Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan", 7251837, "qfa-cka", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-hur-pro"] = { "Proto-Hurro-Urartian", 116773211, "qfa-hur", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-kad-pro"] = { "Proto-Kadu", 116773770, "qfa-kad", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-kms-pro"] = { "Proto-Kam-Sui", 55630682, "qfa-kms", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-kor-pro"] = { "Proto-Koreanic", 467883, "qfa-kor", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-kra-pro"] = { "Proto-Kra", 7251854, "qfa-kra", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-lic-pro"] = { "Proto-Hlai", 7251845, "qfa-lic", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-onb-pro"] = { "Proto-Be", 116773192, "qfa-onb", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-ong-pro"] = { "Proto-Ongan", 116773801, "qfa-ong", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-tak-pro"] = { "Proto-Kra-Dai", 104901616, "qfa-tak", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-yen-pro"] = { "Proto-Yeniseian", 27639, "qfa-yen", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-yuk-pro"] = { "Proto-Yukaghir", 116773294, "qfa-yuk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qwe-kch"] = { "Kichwa", 1740805, "qwe", "Latn", ancestors = "qu", } m["qwe-pro"] = { "Proto-Quechuan", 5575757, "qwe", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["roa-ang"] = { "Angevin", 56782, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-bbn"] = { "Bourbonnais-Berrichon", 2899128, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-brg"] = { "Bourguignon", 508332, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-can"] = { "Cantabrian", 917021, "roa-asl", "Latn", } m["roa-cha"] = { "Champenois", 430018, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-fcm"] = { "Franc-Comtois", 510561, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-gal"] = { "Gallo", 37300, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-gib"] = { "Gallo-Italic of Basilicata", 3094838, "roa-git", ancestors = "pms-old", "Latn", } m["roa-gis"] = { "Gallo-Italic of Sicily", 2629019, "roa-git", "Latn", ancestors = "pms-old", } m["roa-leo"] = { "Leonese", 34108, "roa-asl", "Latn", } m["roa-lor"] = { "Lorrain", 671198, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-oca"] = { "Old Catalan", 15478520, "roa-ocr", "Latn", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.diaer .. c.cedilla .. "·"}, } m["roa-ole"] = { "Old Leonese", 125977465, "roa-asl", "Latn", } m["roa-ona"] = { "Old Navarro-Aragonese", 2736184, "roa-nar", "Latn", } m["roa-opt"] = { "Old Galician-Portuguese", 1072111, "roa-gap", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.circ}, } m["roa-orl"] = { "Orléanais", 28497058, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-poi"] = { "Poitevin-Saintongeais", 514123, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-tar"] = { "Tarantino", 695526, "roa-itr", "Latn", wikimedia_codes = "roa-tara", } m["sai-all"] = { "Allentiac", 19570789, "sai-hrp", "Latn", } m["sai-and"] = { -- not to be confused with 'cbc' or 'ano' "Andoquero", 16828359, "sai-wit", "Latn", } m["sai-ayo"] = { "Ayomán", 16937754, "sai-jir", "Latn", } m["sai-bae"] = { "Baenan", 3401998, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; only known through 9 words "Latn", } m["sai-bag"] = { "Bagua", 5390321, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly Cariban "Latn", } m["sai-bet"] = { "Betoi", 926551, "qfa-iso", "Latn", } m["sai-bor-pro"] = { "Proto-Boran", nil, "sai-bor", "Latn", } m["sai-cac"] = { "Cacán", 945482, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; no consensus on classification "Latn", } m["sai-caq"] = { "Caranqui", 2937753, "sai-bar", "Latn", } m["sai-car-pro"] = { "Proto-Cariban", 116773196, "sai-car", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-cat"] = { "Catacao", 5051136, "sai-ctc", "Latn", } m["sai-cer-pro"] = { "Proto-Cerrado", 116773200, "sai-cer", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-chi"] = { "Chirino", 5390321, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, only four words known; possibly related to Candoshi-Shapra (cbu) "Latn", } m["sai-chn"] = { "Chaná", 5072718, "sai-crn", "Latn", } m["sai-chp"] = { "Chapacura", 5072884, "sai-cpc", "Latn", } m["sai-chr"] = { "Charrua", 5086680, "sai-crn", "Latn", } m["sai-chu"] = { "Churuya", 5118339, "sai-guh", "Latn", } m["sai-cje-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Jê", 116773198, "sai-cje", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-cmg"] = { "Comechingon", 6644203, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; no consensus on classification "Latn", } m["sai-cno"] = { "Chono", 5104704, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; no consensus on classification, possibly spurious "Latn", } m["sai-cnr"] = { "Cañari", 5055572, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly Chimuan or Barbacoan "Latn", } m["sai-coe"] = { "Coeruna", 6425639, "sai-wit", "Latn", } m["sai-col"] = { "Colán", 5141893, "sai-ctc", "Latn", } m["sai-cop"] = { "Copallén", 5390321, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, only four words attested; possibly Cholonan "Latn", } m["sai-crd"] = { "Coroado Puri", 24191321, "sai-mje", "Latn", } m["sai-ctq"] = { "Catuquinaru", 16858455, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; vocabulary does not resemble other languages "Latn", } m["sai-cul"] = { "Culli", 2879660, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; often considered an isolate "Latn", } m["sai-cva"] = { "Cueva", 5192644, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly Chocoan "Latn", } m["sai-esm"] = { "Esmeralda", 3058083, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly related to Yaruro "Latn", } m["sai-ewa"] = { "Ewarhuyana", 16898104, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-gam"] = { "Gamela", 5403661, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly an isolate "Latn", } m["sai-gay"] = { "Gayón", 5528902, "sai-jir", "Latn", } m["sai-gmo"] = { "Guamo", 5613495, "qfa-unc", -- extinct; "Kaufman (1990) finds a connection with the Chapacuran languages convincing." [Wikipedia] Considered an isolate by Campbell (2024). "Latn", } m["sai-gua"] = { "Guachí", 5613172, "sai-guc", "Latn", } m["sai-gue"] = { "Güenoa", 5626799, "sai-crn", "Latn", } m["sai-hau"] = { "Haush", 3128376, "sai-cho", "Latn", } m["sai-jee-pro"] = { "Proto-Jê", 116773212, "sai-jee", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-jko"] = { "Jeikó", 6176527, "sai-mje", "Latn", } m["sai-jrj"] = { "Jirajara", 6202966, "sai-jir", "Latn", } m["sai-kat"] = { -- contrast xoo, kzw, sai-xoc "Katembri", 6375925, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; "Kaufman (1990) has linked it with the nearly extinct Taruma, although this has not been accepted by other scholars." [Wikipedia] "Latn", } m["sai-mal"] = { "Malalí", 6741212, "sai-mje", -- considered the most divergent Maxakalían language (a subdivision of Macro-Jê), for which we have no entry "Latn", } m["sai-mar"] = { "Maratino", 6755055, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly Uto-Aztecan "Latn", } m["sai-mat"] = { "Matanawi", 6786047, "qfa-unc", -- extinct; either an isolate or distantly related to the Muran languages; Campbell (2024) lists it as an isolate, Glottolog gives it as unclassified "Latn", } m["sai-mcn"] = { "Mocana", 3402048, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; given as part of the Malibu languages (geographic grouping; not a clade) "Latn", } m["sai-men"] = { "Menien", 16890110, "sai-mje", "Latn", } m["sai-mil"] = { "Millcayac", 19573012, "sai-hrp", "Latn", } m["sai-mlb"] = { "Malibu", 134374036, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; given as part of the Malibu languages (geographic grouping; not a clade) "Latn", } m["sai-msk"] = { "Masakará", 6782426, "sai-mje", "Latn", } m["sai-muc"] = { "Mucuchí", 6931290, nil, -- generally considered Timotean, for which we have no entry "Latn", } m["sai-mue"] = { "Muellama", 16886936, "sai-bar", "Latn", } m["sai-muz"] = { "Muzo", 6644203, "qfa-unc", -- extinct language of Colombia, poorly attested; may be Pijao (Cariban) "Latn", } m["sai-mys"] = { "Maynas", 16919393, "sai-cah", -- per Campbell (2024); formerly considered unclassified "Latn", } m["sai-nat"] = { "Natú", 9006749, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; "only Greenberg dares to classify [it]".[Wikipedia, quoting Moseley, Christopher; Asher, R. E.; Tait, Mary (1994), Atlas of the world's languages] "Latn", } m["sai-nje-pro"] = { "Proto-Northern Jê", 116773245, "sai-nje", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-opo"] = { "Opón", 7099152, "sai-car", "Latn", } m["sai-oto"] = { "Otomaco", 16879234, "sai-otm", "Latn", } m["sai-pal"] = { "Palta", 3042978, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, unclassified; possibly Chicham "Latn", } m["sai-pam"] = { "Pamigua", 5908689, "sai-tin", "Latn", } m["sai-par"] = { "Paratió", 16890038, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly Xukuruan "Latn", } m["sai-peb"] = { "Peba", 3373890, "sai-pey", "Latn", } m["sai-pnz"] = { "Panzaleo", 3123275, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, unclassified; possibly Paezan "Latn", } m["sai-prh"] = { "Puruhá", 3410994, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly in a famil with Cañari "Latn", } m["sai-ptg"] = { "Patagón", 128807870, "sai-tar", -- extinct, only known from 4 words, which suggest Cariban lineage (Campbell 2024) "Latn", } m["sai-pur"] = { "Purukotó", 7261622, "sai-pem", "Latn", } m["sai-pyg"] = { "Payaguá", 7156643, "sai-guc", "Latn", } m["sai-pyk"] = { "Pykobjê", 98113977, "sai-nje", "Latn", } m["sai-qmb"] = { "Quimbaya", 7272043, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, might not exist; few known words "Latn", } m["sai-qtm"] = { "Quitemo", 7272651, "sai-cpc", "Latn", } m["sai-rab"] = { "Rabona", 6644203, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested, mostly plant names; possibly Candoshi-Shapra "Latn", } m["sai-ram"] = { "Ramanos", 16902824, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested, possibly an isolate; per Glottolog: "the minuscule wordlist ... shows no convincing resemblances to surrounding languages" "Latn", } m["sai-sac"] = { "Sácata", 5390321, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, only 3 words known; possibly Candoshí or Arawakan "Latn", } m["sai-san"] = { "Sanaviron", 16895999, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, unclassified; no consensus on classification "Latn", } m["sai-sap"] = { "Sapará", 7420922, "sai-car", "Latn", } m["sai-sec"] = { "Sechura", 7442912, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly Catacaoan "Latn", } m["sai-sin"] = { "Sinúfana", 7525275, "qfa-unc", -- moribund, poorly attested; possibly Chocoan "Latn", } m["sai-sje-pro"] = { "Proto-Southern Jê", 116773814, "sai-sje", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-tab"] = { "Tabancale", 5390321, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, only 5 words known; no obvious connections, might be an isolate "Latn", } m["sai-tal"] = { "Tallán", 16910468, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; might be Catacaoan "Latn", } m["sai-tap"] = { "Tapayuna", 30719984, "sai-nje", "Latn", } m["sai-tar-pro"] = { "Proto-Taranoan", 116773816, "sai-tar", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-teu"] = { "Teushen", 3519243, "qfa-unc", -- probably extinct by the 1950's; possibly Chonan "Latn", } m["sai-tim"] = { "Timote", 7806995, nil, -- possibly in a small Timotean family "Latn", } m["sai-tpr"] = { "Taparita", 7684460, "sai-otm", "Latn", } m["sai-trr"] = { "Tarairiú", 7685313, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, too poorly attested to classify "Latn", } m["sai-wai"] = { "Waitaká", 16918610, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, possibly Purian "Latn", } m["sai-way"] = { "Wayumara", 7960726, "sai-car", "Latn", } m["sai-wit-pro"] = { "Proto-Witotoan", 116773823, "sai-wit", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-wnm"] = { "Wanham", 16879440, "sai-cpc", "Latn", } m["sai-xoc"] = { -- contrast xoo, kzw, sai-kat "Xocó", 12953620, "qfa-unc", -- extinct and poorly attested; not clear if one or three languages "Latn", } m["sai-yao"] = { "Yao (South America)", 16979655, "sai-ven", "Latn", } m["sai-yar"] = { -- not the same family as 'suy' "Yarumá", 3505859, "sai-pek", "Latn", } m["sai-yri"] = { "Yuri", 2669157, "sai-tyu", "Latn", } m["sai-yup"] = { "Yupua", 8061430, "sai-tuc", "Latn", } m["sai-yur"] = { "Yurumanguí", 1281291, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, too poorly attested to classify "Latn", } m["sal-pro"] = { "Proto-Salish", 116773269, "sal", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-daj-pro"] = { "Proto-Daju", 116773739, "sdv-daj", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-eje-pro"] = { "Proto-Eastern Jebel", 116773751, "sdv-eje", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-nil-pro"] = { "Proto-Nilotic", 116773794, "sdv-nil", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-nyi-pro"] = { "Proto-Nyima", 116773796, "sdv-nyi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-tmn-pro"] = { "Proto-Taman", 116773815, "sdv-tmn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sel-nor"] = { "Northern Selkup", 30304565, "sel", "Cyrl", translit = "sel-nor-translit", } m["sel-pro"] = { "Proto-Selkup", 128884235, "sel", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sel-sou"] = { "Southern Selkup", 30304639, "sel", "Cyrl", translit = "sel-sou-translit", } m["sem-amm"] = { "Ammonite", 279181, "sem-can", "Phnx", -- Phnx translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["sem-amo"] = { "Amorite", 35941, "sem-nwe", "Xsux, Latn", } m["sem-cha"] = { "Chaha", 35543, "sem-eth", "Ethi", translit = "Ethi-translit", } m["sem-dad"] = { "Dadanitic", 21838040, "sem-cen", "Narb", -- Narb translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["sem-dum"] = { "Dumaitic", 128810397, "sem-cen", "Narb", -- Narb translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["sem-has"] = { "Hasaitic", 3541433, "sem-cen", "Narb", -- Narb translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["sem-his"] = { "Hismaic", 22948260, "sem-cen", "Narb", -- Narb translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["sem-mhr"] = { "Muher", 33743, "sem-eth", "Latn", } m["sem-pro"] = { "Proto-Semitic", 1658554, "sem", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sem-saf"] = { "Safaitic", 472586, "sem-cen", "Narb", -- Narb translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["sem-sam"] = { "Samalian", 85847147, "sem-nwe", "Phnx", -- Phnx translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["sem-srb"] = { "Old South Arabian", 35025, "sem-osa", "Sarb", -- Sarb translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["sem-tay"] = { "Taymanitic", 24912301, "sem-cen", "Narb", -- Narb translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["sem-tha"] = { "Thamudic", 843030, "sem-cen", "Narb", -- Narb translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["sem-wes-pro"] = { "Proto-West Semitic", 98021726, "sem-wes", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sio-pro"] = { -- NB this is not Proto-Siouan-Catawban 'nai-sca-pro' "Proto-Siouan", 34181, "sio", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-aao-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Naga", nil, "sit-aao", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-bai-pro"] = { "Proto-Bai", nil, "sit-bai", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-ban"] = { "Bangru", 56071779, "sit-hrs", "Latn", } m["sit-bdi-pro"] = { "Proto-Bodish", nil, "sit-bdi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-bok"] = { "Bokar", 4938727, "sit-tan", "Latn, Tibt", override_translit = true, -- Tibt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["sit-cai"] = { "Caijia", 5017528, "sit-cln", "Latn" } m["sit-cha"] = { "Chairel", 5068066, "sit-luu", "Latn", } m["sit-ers-pro"] = { "Proto-Ersuic", nil, "sit-ers", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-hrs-pro"] = { "Proto-Hrusish", 116773762, "sit-hrs", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-jap"] = { "Japhug", 3162245, "sit-egy", "Latn", } m["sit-kha-pro"] = { "Proto-Kham", 116773773, "sit-kha", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-khb-pro"] = { "Proto-Kho-Bwa", nil, "sit-khb", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-khp-pro"] = { "Proto-Puroik", nil, "sit-khb", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-khw-pro"] = { "Proto-Western Kho-Bwa", nil, "sit-khw", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-kon-pro"] = { "Proto-Northern Naga", nil, "sit-kon", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-liz"] = { "Lizu", 6660653, "sit-ers", "Latn", -- and Ersu Shaba } m["sit-lnj"] = { "Longjia", 17096251, "sit-cln", "Latn" } m["sit-lrn"] = { "Luren", 16946370, "sit-cln", "Latn" } m["sit-luu-pro"] = { "Proto-Luish", 116773783, "sit-luu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-nas-pro"] = { "Proto-Naish", nil, "sit-nas", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-prn"] = { "Puiron", 7259048, "sit-zem", } m["sit-pro"] = { "Proto-Sino-Tibetan", 24839178, "sit", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-sit"] = { "Situ", 19840830, "sit-egy", "Latn", } m["sit-tam-pro"] = { "Proto-Tamangic", 117469295, "sit-tam", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-tan-pro"] = { "Proto-Tani", 116773284, "sit-tan", "Latn", -- needs verification type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-tgm"] = { "Tangam", 17041370, "sit-tan", "Latn", } m["sit-tng-pro"] = { "Proto-Tangkhulic", nil, "sit-tng", "Latn", type = "reconstructed" } m["sit-tos"] = { "Tosu", 7827899, "sit-ers", "Latn", -- also Ersu Shaba } m["sit-tsh"] = { "Tshobdun", 19840950, "sit-egy", "Latn", } m["sit-zbu"] = { "Zbu", 19841106, "sit-egy", "Latn", } m["sla-pro"] = { "Proto-Slavic", 747537, "sla", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", strip_diacritics = { remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.tilde .. c.macron .. c.dgrave .. c.invbreve, remove_exceptions = {'ś'}, }, sort_key = { from = {"č", "ď", "ě", "ę", "ь", "ľ", "ň", "ǫ", "ř", "š", "ś", "ť", "ъ", "ž"}, to = {"c²", "d²", "e²", "e³", "i²", "l²", "nj", "o²", "r²", "s²", "s³", "t²", "u²", "z²"}, } } m["smi-pro"] = { "Proto-Samic", 7251862, "smi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = { from = {"ā", "č", "δ", "[ëē]", "ŋ", "ń", "ō", "š", "θ", "%([^()]+%)"}, to = {"a", "c²", "d", "e", "n²", "n³", "o", "s²", "t²"} }, } m["son-pro"] = { "Proto-Songhay", 116773277, "son", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sqj-pro"] = { "Proto-Albanian", 18210846, "sqj", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ssa-klk-pro"] = { "Proto-Kuliak", 116773779, "ssa-klk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ssa-kom-pro"] = { "Proto-Koman", 116773775, "ssa-kom", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ssa-pro"] = { "Proto-Nilo-Saharan", 116773236, "ssa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["syd-pro"] = { "Proto-Samoyedic", 7251863, "syd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tai-pro"] = { "Proto-Tai", 6583709, "tai", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tai-swe-pro"] = { "Proto-Southwestern Tai", 116773280, "tai-swe", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-bdg-pro"] = { "Proto-Bodo-Garo", 116773195, "tbq-bdg", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-blg"] = { "Bailang", 2879843, "tbq-lob", "Hani", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["tbq-brm-pro"] = { "Proto-Burmish", nil, "tbq-brm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-gkh"] = { "Gokhy", 5578069, "tbq-sil", "Latn", } m["tbq-kuk-pro"] = { "Proto-Kuki-Chin", 116773220, "tbq-kuk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-lal-pro"] = { "Proto-Lalo", 116773781, "tbq-lal", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-laz"] = { "Laze", 17007626, "sit-nas", "Latn", } m["tbq-lob-pro"] = { "Proto-Lolo-Burmese", 116773224, "tbq-lob", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-lol-pro"] = { "Proto-Loloish", 7251855, "tbq-lol", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-mil"] = { "Milang", 6850761, "sit-gsi", "Deva, Latn", } m["tbq-mor"] = { "Moran", 6909216, "tbq-bdg", "Latn", } m["tbq-ngo"] = { "Ngochang", 56582, "tbq-brm", "Latn", } -- tbq-pro is now etymology-only m["trk-dkh"] = { "Dukhan", 12809273, "trk-ssb", "Latn, Cyrl, Mong", -- Mong translit, display_text and strip_diacritics in [[Module:scripts/data]] } -- As described in Mahmud al-Kashgari's 11th century ''Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk''. m["trk-eog"] = { "Early Old Oghuz", nil, "trk-ogz", "Arab", strip_diacritics = {Arab = "ar-stripdiacritics"}, } m["trk-oat"] = { "Old Anatolian Turkish", 7083390, "trk-ogz", "Arab", strip_diacritics = {Arab = "ar-stripdiacritics"}, ancestors = "trk-eog", } m["trk-pro"] = { "Proto-Turkic", 3657773, "trk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", standard_chars = { Latn = " ()-abdegiklmnoprstuxyzïöüāčēīĺŋōŕšūǖȫẹ" .. c.macron, } } m["tup-gua-pro"] = { "Proto-Tupi-Guarani", 116773288, "tup-gua", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tup-kab"] = { "Kabishiana", 15302988, "tup", "Latn", } m["tup-pro"] = { "Proto-Tupian", 10354700, "tup", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tuw-alk"] = { "Alchuka", 113553616, "tuw-jrc", "Latn, Hans", sort_key = {Hans = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["tuw-bal"] = { "Bala", 86730632, "tuw-jrc", "Latn, Hans", sort_key = {Hans = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["tuw-kkl"] = { "Kyakala", 118875708, "tuw-jrc", "Latn, Hans", sort_key = {Hans = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["tuw-kli"] = { "Kili", 6406892, "tuw-ewe", "Cyrl", } m["tuw-pro"] = { "Proto-Tungusic", 85872335, "tuw", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tuw-sol"] = { "Solon", 30004, "tuw-ewe", } m["urj-fin-pro"] = { "Proto-Finnic", 11883720, "urj-fin", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["urj-koo"] = { "Old Komi", 86679962, "kv", "Perm, Cyrs", translit = "urj-koo-translit", -- Cyrs strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]]; previously, Cyrs strip_diacritics not present } m["urj-kuk"] = { "Kukkuzi", 107410460, "urj-fin", "Latn", ancestors = "vot", } m["urj-kya"] = { "Komi-Yazva", 2365210, "kv", "Cyrl", translit = "kv-translit", override_translit = true, strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.acute}, } m["urj-mdv-pro"] = { "Proto-Mordvinic", 116773232, "urj-mdv", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["urj-prm-pro"] = { "Proto-Permic", 116773257, "urj-prm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["urj-pro"] = { "Proto-Uralic", 288765, "urj", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["urj-ugr-pro"] = { "Proto-Ugric", 156631, "urj-ugr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["xnd-pro"] = { "Proto-Na-Dene", 116773233, "xnd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["xgn-pro"] = { "Proto-Mongolic", 2493677, "xgn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = { from = {"č", "i", "ï", "ǰ", "ŋ", "ö", "š", "ü"}, to = {"c", "i" .. p[1], "i", "j", "n" .. p[1], "o" .. p[1], "s" .. p[1], "u" .. p[1]}, }, } m["yok-bvy"] = { "Buena Vista Yokuts", 4985474, "yok", "Latn", } m["yok-dly"] = { "Delta Yokuts", 70923266, "yok", "Latn", } m["yok-gsy"] = { "Gashowu Yokuts", 3098708, "yok", "Latn", } m["yok-kry"] = { "Kings River Yokuts", 6413014, "yok", "Latn", } m["yok-nvy"] = { "Northern Valley Yokuts", 85789777, "yok", "Latn", } m["yok-ply"] = { "Palewyami Yokuts", 2387391, "yok", "Latn", } m["yok-svy"] = { "Southern Valley Yokuts", 12642473, "yok", "Latn", } m["yok-tky"] = { "Tule-Kaweah Yokuts", 7851988, "yok", "Latn", } m["ypk-pro"] = { "Proto-Yupik", 116773295, "ypk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["yrk-for"] = { "Forest Nenets", 1295107, "yrk", "Cyrl", translit = "yrk-for-translit", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.macron .. c.breve .. c.dotabove}, } m["yrk-tun"] = { "Tundra Nenets", 36452, "yrk", "Cyrl", strip_diacritics = { from = {"ӑ", "а̄", "э̇", "ӣ", "ы̄", "ӯ", "ю̄", "я̆", "я̄"}, to = {"а", "а", "э", "и", "ы", "у", "ю", "я", "я"}, }, translit = "yrk-tun-translit", } m["zhx-min-pro"] = { "Proto-Min", 19646347, "zhx-min", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["zhx-sht"] = { "Shaozhou Tuhua", 1920769, "zhx", "Nshu, Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["zhx-sic"] = { "Sichuanese", 2278732, "zhx-man", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", translit = "zh-translit", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["zhx-tai"] = { "Taishanese", 2208940, "zhx-yue", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", translit = "zh-translit", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["zle-ono"] = { "Old Novgorodian", 162013, "zle", "Cyrs, Glag", translit = {Cyrs = "Cyrs-translit", Glag = "Glag-translit"}, -- Cyrs strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["zle-ort"] = { "Old Ruthenian", 13211, "zle", "Arab, Cyrs, Latn", ancestors = "orv", translit = { Cyrs = "zle-ort-translit", Arab = "zle-ort-Arab-translit", }, strip_diacritics = { Cyrs = { remove_diacritics = m_langdata.chars_substitutions["Cyrs_remove_diacritics"], remove_exceptions = {"Ї", "ї"}, }, Arab = "ar-stripdiacritics", }, -- Cyrs sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["zls-chs"] = { "Church Slavonic", 33251, "zls", "Cyrs, Glag, Latn", ancestors = "cu", translit = { Cyrs = "Cyrs-translit", Glag = "Glag-translit" }, -- Cyrs strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["zlw-ocs"] = { "Old Czech", 593096, "zlw", "Latn", } m["zlw-opl"] = { "Old Polish", 149838, "zlw-lch", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.ringabove}, } m["zlw-osk"] = { "Old Slovak", 12776676, "zlw", "Latn", } m["zlw-slv"] = { "Slovincian", 36822, "zlw-pom", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.macron .. c.breve}, } return require("Module:languages").finalizeData(m, "language") kcyty7my2dgnlc86o4xd3ldbaernehf 828 304724 488090 477749 2026-09-04T19:54:38Z SM7 6218 updating... 488090 Scribunto text/plain local m_langdata = require("Module:languages/data") -- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data). local function u(...) u = require("Module:string utilities").char return u(...) end local c = m_langdata.chars local p = m_langdata.puaChars local s = m_langdata.shared local m = {} m["pab"] = { "Pareci", 3504312, "awd", "Latn", } m["pac"] = { "Pacoh", 3441136, "mkh-kat", "Latn", } m["pad"] = { "Paumarí", 389827, "auf", "Latn", } m["pae"] = { "Pagibete", 7124357, "bnt-bta", "Latn", } m["paf"] = { "Paranawát", 12953806, "tup-gua", "Latn", } m["pag"] = { "Pangasinan", 33879, "phi", "Latn, Tglg", strip_diacritics = { Latn = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.circ .. c.diaer}, }, } m["pah"] = { "Tenharim", 10266010, "tup-gua", "Latn", } m["pai"] = { "Pe", 3914871, "nic-tar", "Latn", } m["pak"] = { "Parakanã", 12953804, "tup-gua", "Latn", } m["pal"] = { "Middle Persian", 32063, "ira-swi", "Latn, Phli, pal-Avst, Mani, Phlp, Phlv", -- Latn for translit; Phlv not in Unicode translit = { Phli = "Phli-translit", ["pal-Avst"] = "Avst-translit", -- Mani translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] }, ancestors = "peo", } m["pam"] = { "Kapampangan", 36121, "phi", "Latn, Kulit", strip_diacritics = { Latn = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.circ} }, standard_chars = { Latn = "AaBbDdEeGgHhIiKkLlMmNnOoPpRrSsTtUuWwYy", c.punc }, sort_key = { Latn = "tl-sortkey" }, } m["pao"] = { "Northern Paiute", 3360656, "azc-num", "Latn", } m["pap"] = { "Papiamentu", 33856, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "pt", } m["paq"] = { "Parya", 1135134, "inc-cen", } m["par"] = { "Panamint", 33926, "azc-num", "Latn", } m["pas"] = { "Papasena", 7132508, "paa-clp", "Latn", } m["pau"] = { "Palauan", 33776, "poz", "Latn, Kana", sort_key = { Kana = "Kana-sortkey" }, } m["pav"] = { "Wari'", 3027909, "sai-cpc", "Latn", } m["paw"] = { "Pawnee", 56751, "cdd", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.acute}, } m["pax"] = { "Pankararé", 25559779, nil, "Latn", } m["pay"] = { "Pech", 4898889, "cba", "Latn", } m["paz"] = { "Pankararú", 7131310, nil, "Latn", } m["pbb"] = { "Páez", 33677, nil, "Latn", } m["pbc"] = { "Patamona", 3915921, "sai-pem", "Latn", } m["pbe"] = { "Mezontla Popoloca", 42365630, "omq-pop", "Latn", } m["pbf"] = { "Coyotepec Popoloca", 5180100, "omq-pop", "Latn", } m["pbg"] = { "Paraujano", 3501747, "awd-taa", "Latn", } m["pbh"] = { "Panare", 56610, "sai-ven", "Latn", } m["pbi"] = { "Podoko", 3515096, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["pbl"] = { "Mak (Nigeria)", 3915349, "alv-bwj", "Latn", } m["pbm"] = { "Puebla Mazatec", 31102530, "omq-maz", "Latn", } m["pbn"] = { "Kpasam", 3914902, "alv-mye", "Latn", } m["pbo"] = { "Papel", 36314, "alv-pap", "Latn", } m["pbp"] = { "Badyara", 35095, "alv-ten", "Latn", } m["pbr"] = { "Pangwa", 3847550, "bnt-bki", "Latn", } m["pbs"] = { "Central Pame", 3361763, "omq", "Latn", } m["pbv"] = { "Pnar", 3501850, "aav-pkl", "Latn", } m["pby"] = { "Pyu (New Guinea)", 2567925, "qfa-dis", -- Papuan; isolate per Glottolog, in a putative Arai-Samaia family in Usher (2020) "Latn", } m["pca"] = { "Santa Inés Ahuatempan Popoloca", 42365276, "omq-pop", "Latn", } m["pcb"] = { "Pear", 6583669, "mkh-pea", "Khmr", } m["pcc"] = { "Bouyei", 35100, "tai-nor", "Latn, Hani", sort_key = { Hani = "Hani-sortkey" }, } m["pcd"] = { "Picard", 34024, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["pce"] = { "Ruching Palaung", 12953798, "mkh-pal", "Mymr", } m["pcf"] = { "Paliyan", 7127643, "dra-tam", } m["pcg"] = { "Paniya", 7131211, "dra-mal", } m["pch"] = { "Pardhan", 7133207, "dra-gon", } m["pci"] = { "Duruwa", 56753, "dra-pgd", "Deva, Orya", } m["pcj"] = { "Parenga", 3111396, "mun", } m["pck"] = { "Paite", 12952337, "tbq-kuk", } m["pcl"] = { "Pardhi", 7136554, "inc-bhi", } m["pcm"] = { "Nigerian Pidgin", 33655, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "en", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.circ .. c.caron .. c.macronbelow}, sort_key = { remove_diacritics = c.tilde, from = {"ẹ", "gb", "kp", "ọ", "sh", "zh"}, to = {"e" .. p[1], "g" .. p[1], "k" .. p[1], "o" .. p[1], "s" .. p[1], "z" .. p[1]} }, } m["pcn"] = { "Piti", 3913375, "nic-kne", "Latn", } m["pcp"] = { "Pacahuara", 2591165, "sai-pan", "Latn", } m["pcw"] = { "Pyapun", 3438807, nil, "Latn", } m["pda"] = { "Anam", 3501930, "ngf-pom", "Latn", } m["pdc"] = { "Pennsylvania German", 22711, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "gmw-rfr", strip_diacritics = { from = { "ă", "ĕ", "ŏ", "ŭ"}, to = { "a", "e", "o", "u"}, }, } m["pdi"] = { "Pa Di", 3359940, nil, "Latn", } m["pdn"] = { "Fedan", 7206699, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["pdo"] = { "Padoe", 3360370, "poz-btk", "Latn", } m["pdt"] = { "Plautdietsch", 1751432, "gmw-lgm", "Latn", ancestors = "nds-de", } m["pdu"] = { "Kayan", 7123283, "kar", "Latn", } m["pea"] = { "Peranakan Indonesian", 653415, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "ms", } m["peb"] = { "Eastern Pomo", 3396032, "nai-pom", "Latn", } m["ped"] = { "Mala (New Guinea)", 11732569, "ngf-kau", "Latn", } m["pee"] = { "Taje", 12953902, nil, "Latn", } m["pef"] = { "Northeastern Pomo", 3396018, "nai-pom", "Latn", } m["peg"] = { "Pengo", 56758, "dra-kki", "Orya", translit = "kxv-translit", } m["peh"] = { "Bonan", 32983, "xgn-shr", "Latn", } m["pei"] = { "Chichimeca-Jonaz", 3915427, "omq-otp", "Latn", } m["pej"] = { "Northern Pomo", 3396021, "nai-pom", "Latn", } m["pek"] = { "Penchal", 3374631, "poz-aay", "Latn", } m["pel"] = { "Pekal", 3241781, nil, "Latn", } m["pem"] = { "Phende", 7162372, "bnt-pen", "Latn", } m["peo"] = { "Old Persian", 35225, "ira-swi", "Xpeo, Latn", translit = "peo-translit", } m["pep"] = { "Kunja", 6444807, "paa-ton", "Latn", } m["peq"] = { "Southern Pomo", 3396023, "nai-pom", "Latn", } -- "pes" is treated as "fa" (or as etymology-only), see [[WT:LT]] m["pev"] = { "Pémono", 3439012, "sai-map", "Latn", } m["pex"] = { "Petats", 3376353, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["pey"] = { "Petjo", 940486, nil, "Latn", } m["pez"] = { "Eastern Penan", 18638342, "poz-swa", "Latn", } m["pfa"] = { "Pááfang", 3063517, "poz-mic", "Latn", } m["pfe"] = { "Peere", 36377, "alv-dur", "Latn", } m["pga"] = { "Juba Arabic", 1262143, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "apd", } m["pgd"] = { "Gandhari", 3124623, "inc-mid", "Deva, Khar", ancestors = "inc-ash", translit = "Khar-translit", } m["pgg"] = { "Pangwali", 13600429, "him", "Deva, Takr", translit = "hi-translit", } m["pgi"] = { "Pagi", 7124354, "paa-bew", "Latn", } m["pgk"] = { "Rerep", 586907, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["pgl"] = { "Primitive Irish", 3320030, "cel-gae", "Ogam, Latn", translit = "pgl-translit", } m["pgn"] = { "Paelignian", 65455883, "itc-sbl", "Ital, Latn", -- Ital translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] display_text = { Latn = s["itc-Latn-displaytext"] }, strip_diacritics = { Latn = s["itc-Latn-stripdiacritics"] }, sort_key = { Latn = s["itc-Latn-sortkey"] }, } m["pgs"] = { "Pangseng", 3914027, "alv-mum", "Latn", } m["pgu"] = { "Pagu", 7124462, "paa-gto", "Latn", } m["pgz"] = { "Papua New Guinean Sign Language", 25044405, "sgn", } m["pha"] = { "Pa-Hng", 2625410, "hmn", } m["phd"] = { "Phudagi", 7188289, "inc-sou", } m["phg"] = { "Phuong", 7188376, "mkh-kat", } m["phh"] = { "Phukha", 7188298, "tbq-phw", } m["phj"] = { "Pahari Newari", 112635957, "sit-new", } m["phk"] = { "Phake", 7675798, "tai-swe", "Mymr", translit = "aio-phk-translit", display_text = s["phk-displaytext"], strip_diacritics = s["phk-stripdiacritics"], } m["phl"] = { "Palula", 2449549, "inc-dng", "Latn, Aran", strip_diacritics = { -- character "ۂ" code U+06C2 to "ه" and "هٔ" (U+0647 + U+0654) to "ه"; hamzatu l-waṣli to a regular alif from = {"هٔ", "ۂ", "ٱ"}, to = {"ہ", "ہ", "ا"}, remove_diacritics = c.fathatan .. c.dammatan .. c.kasratan .. c.fatha .. c.damma .. c.kasra .. c.shadda .. c.sukun .. c.nunghunna .. c.superalef }, } m["phm"] = { "Phimbi", 11007144, "bnt-sna", "Latn", } m["phn"] = { "Phoenician", 36734, "sem-can", "Phnx", -- Phnx translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["pho"] = { "Phunoi", 7188361, "tbq-bis", } m["phq"] = { "Phana'", 7180427, "tbq-sil", } m["phr"] = { "Pahari-Potwari", 33739, "inc-pan", "Aran, Guru", translit = { Guru = "Guru-translit", Aran = "pa-Aran-translit", }, strip_diacritics = { Aran = { remove_diacritics = c.fathatan .. c.dammatan .. c.kasratan .. c.fatha .. c.damma .. c.kasra .. c.shadda .. c.sukun .. c.nunghunna, from = {"ݨ", "ࣇ"}, to = {"ن", "ل"} }, } } m["pht"] = { "Phu Thai", 3626597, "tai-swe", "Thai", } m["phu"] = { "Phuan", 3915665, "tai", } m["phv"] = { "Pahlavani", 7124567, "ira", } m["phw"] = { "Phangduwali", 12953036, "sit-kie", ancestors = "ybh", } m["pia"] = { "Pima Bajo", 3388544, "azc-pim", "Latn", } m["pib"] = { "Yine", 3135432, "awd", "Latn", } m["pic"] = { "Pinji", 36296, "bnt-tso", "Latn", } m["pid"] = { "Piaroa", 3382207, nil, "Latn", } m["pie"] = { "Piro", 7198055, "nai-kta", "Latn", } m["pif"] = { "Pingelapese", 36421, "poz-mic", "Latn", } m["pig"] = { "Pisabo", 966883, "sai-pan", "Latn", } m["pih"] = { "Pitcairn-Norfolk", 36554, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "en", } -- "pii" Pini was removed by the ISO as spurious m["pij"] = { "Pijao", 7193519, "qfa-unc", "Latn", } m["pil"] = { "Yom", 36893, "nic-yon", "Latn", } m["pim"] = { "Powhatan", 2270532, "alg-eas", "Latn", } m["pin"] = { "Piame", 7190042, "paa-sep", "Latn", } m["pio"] = { "Piapoco", 3382208, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["pip"] = { "Pero", 2411063, "cdc-wst", "Latn", } m["pir"] = { "Piratapuyo", 3389119, "sai-tuc", "Latn", } m["pis"] = { "Pijin", 36699, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "en", } m["pit"] = { "Pitta-Pitta", 6433116, "aus-kar", "Latn", } m["piu"] = { "Pintupi-Luritja", 2591175, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["piv"] = { "Pileni", 2976736, "poz-pnp", "Latn", } m["piw"] = { "Pimbwe", 3894132, "bnt-mwi", } m["pix"] = { "Piu", 7199578, } m["piy"] = { "Piya-Kwonci", 3440492, } m["piz"] = { "Pije", 3388339, "poz-cln", "Latn", } m["pjt"] = { "Pitjantjatjara", 2982063, "aus-pam", "pjt-Latn", } m["pkb"] = { "Kipfokomo", 7208693, "bnt-sab", "Latn", } m["pkc"] = { "Baekje", 4841264, "qfa-kor", "Hani, Kana", sort_key = { Hani = "Hani-sortkey", Kana = "Kana-sortkey" }, } m["pkg"] = { "Pak-Tong", 3360711, } m["pkh"] = { "Pankhu", 7130962, "tbq-kuk", } m["pkn"] = { "Pakanha", 954916, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["pko"] = { "Pökoot", 36323, "sdv-kln", "Latn", } m["pkp"] = { "Pukapukan", 36447, "poz-pnp", "Latn", } m["pkr"] = { "Attapady Kurumba", 16835180, "dra-imd", "Mlym", -- Mlym translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] (NOTE: not present before, presumably an accidental omission) } m["pks"] = { "Pakistan Sign Language", 22964057, "sgn", } m["pkt"] = { "Maleng", 6583562, "mkh-vie", } m["pku"] = { "Paku", 2932604, "poz-bre", "Latn", } m["pla"] = { "Miani", 12952844, "ngf-kau", "Latn", } m["plb"] = { "Polonombauk", 7225957, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["plc"] = { "Central Palawano", 12953795, "phi", "Latn", } m["ple"] = { "Palu'e", 2196866, "poz-cet", "Latn", } m["plg"] = { "Pilagá", 2748259, "sai-guc", "Latn", } m["plh"] = { "Paulohi", 7155331, "poz-cma", } m["plj"] = { "Polci", 3914383, } m["plk"] = { "Kohistani Shina", 12953882, "inc-shn", "Aran, Latn", } m["pll"] = { "Shwe Palaung", 27941664, "mkh-pal", "Mymr", } m["pln"] = { "Palenquero", 36665, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "es", } m["plo"] = { "Oluta Popoluca", 5908687, "nai-miz", "Latn", } m["plq"] = { "Palaic", 36582, "ine-ana", "Xsux", } m["plr"] = { "Palaka", 36346, "alv-snf", "Latn", } m["pls"] = { "San Marcos Tlalcoyalco Popoloca", 12641692, "omq-pop", "Latn", } m["plu"] = { "Palikur", 3073448, "awd", "Latn", } m["plv"] = { "Southwest Palawano", 15614922, "phi", "Latn", } m["plw"] = { "Brooke's Point Palawano", 12953796, "phi", "Latn", } m["ply"] = { "Bolyu", 3361723, "mkh-pkn", "Latn", } m["plz"] = { "Paluan", 7128795, nil, "Latn", } m["pma"] = { "Paamese", 3130286, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["pmb"] = { "Pambia", 36267, "znd", "Latn", } m["pmd"] = { "Pallanganmiddang", 7127734, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["pme"] = { "Pwaamèi", 3411152, "poz-cln", "Latn", } m["pmf"] = { "Pamona", 3513320, "poz-kal", "Latn", } m["pmi"] = { "Northern Pumi", 3403245, "sit-qia", } m["pmj"] = { "Southern Pumi", 3403246, "sit-qia", } m["pmk"] = { "Pamlico", 111366045, "alg-eas", "Latn", } m["pml"] = { "Sabir", 636479, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "lij-old, pro, vec-old", } m["pmm"] = { "Pol", 36408, "bnt-kak", "Latn", } m["pmn"] = { "Pam", 7129017, "alv-mbm", } m["pmo"] = { "Pom", 7227178, "poz-hce", "Latn", } m["pmq"] = { "Northern Pame", 3361762, "omq", "Latn", } m["pmr"] = { "Manat", 3450824, "ngf-sog", "Latn", } m["pms"] = { "Piedmontese", 15085, "roa-git", ancestors = "pms-old", "Latn", } m["pmt"] = { "Tuamotuan", 36763, "poz-pep", "Latn", } m["pmw"] = { "Plains Miwok", 3391031, "nai-utn", "Latn", } m["pmx"] = { "Poumei Naga", 12952910, "tbq-anp", } m["pmy"] = { "Papuan Malay", 12473446, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "ms", } m["pmz"] = { "Southern Pame", 3361765, "omq", "Latn", } m["pna"] = { "Punan Bah-Biau", 4842201, "poz-bnn", "Latn", } m["pnc"] = { "Pannei", 7131391, } m["pnd"] = { "Mpinda", 63308194, "bnt-kmb", } m["pne"] = { "Western Penan", 12953808, "poz-swa", "Latn", } m["png"] = { "Pongu", 36282, "nic-shi", } m["pnh"] = { "Penrhyn", 3130301, "poz-pep", "Latn", } m["pni"] = { "Aoheng", 4778608, "poz", "Latn", } m["pnj"] = { "Pinjarup", 33103591, } m["pnk"] = { "Paunaka", 2064378, "awd", "Latn", } m["pnl"] = { "Paleni", 7127118, "alv-wan", "Latn", } m["pnm"] = { "Punan Batu", 7259892, "poz", "Latn", } m["pnn"] = { "Pinai-Hagahai", 5638511, "paa-pia", "Latn", } m["pno"] = { "Panobo", 3141869, "sai-pan", "Latn", } m["pnp"] = { "Pancana", 7130204, } m["pnq"] = { "Pana (West Africa)", 7129739, "nic-gnn", "Latn", } m["pnr"] = { "Panim", 11732562, "ngf-gum", "Latn", } m["pns"] = { "Ponosakan", 7227956, "phi", "Latn", } m["pnt"] = { "Pontic Greek", 36748, "grk", "Grek, Latn, Cyrl", ancestors = "gkm", translit = { Grek = "el-translit" }, -- Grek display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]] } m["pnu"] = { "Jiongnai Bunu", 56325, "hmn", } m["pnv"] = { "Pinigura", 10631927, "aus-psw", "Latn", } m["pnw"] = { "Panyjima", 3913830, "aus-nga", "Latn", } m["pnx"] = { "Phong-Kniang", 3914627, "mkh", } m["pny"] = { "Pinyin", 36250, "nic-nge", "Latn", } m["pnz"] = { "Pana (Central Africa)", 36241, "alv-mbm", "Latn", } m["poc"] = { "Poqomam", 36416, "myn", "Latn", } m["poe"] = { "San Juan Atzingo Popoloca", 12953819, "omq-pop", "Latn", } m["pof"] = { "Poke", 7208577, "bnt-ske", } m["pog"] = { "Potiguára", 56722, "tup-gua", "Latn", } m["poh"] = { "Poqomchi'", 36414, "myn", "Latn", } m["poi"] = { "Highland Popoluca", 7511556, "nai-miz", "Latn", } m["pok"] = { "Pokangá", 25559704, "sai-tuc", "Latn", } m["pom"] = { "Southeastern Pomo", 3396025, "nai-pom", "Latn", } m["pon"] = { "Pohnpeian", 28422, "poz-mic", "Latn", } m["poo"] = { "Central Pomo", 3396020, "nai-pom", "Latn", } m["pop"] = { "Pwapwâ", 3411153, "poz-cln", "Latn", } m["poq"] = { "Texistepec Popoluca", 5908707, "nai-miz", "Latn", } m["pos"] = { "Sayula Popoluca", 5908722, "nai-miz", "Latn", } m["pot"] = { "Potawatomi", 56749, "alg", "Latn", } m["pov"] = { "Guinea-Bissau Creole", 33339, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "pt", } m["pow"] = { "San Felipe Otlaltepec Popoloca", 25559598, "omq-pop", "Latn", } m["pox"] = { "Polabian", 36741, "zlw-lch", "Latn", } m["poy"] = { "Pogolo", 2429648, "bnt-kil", } m["ppa"] = { "Pao", 7132069, } m["ppe"] = { "Papi", 7132809, } m["ppi"] = { "Paipai", 56726, "nai-yuc", "Latn", } m["ppk"] = { "Uma", 7881036, "poz-kal", "Latn", } m["ppl"] = { "Pipil", 1186896, "azc-nah", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.acute .. c.macron}, } m["ppm"] = { "Papuma", 7133239, "poz-hce", "Latn", } m["ppn"] = { "Papapana", 3362757, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["ppo"] = { "Folopa", 5464843, "paa-teb", "Latn", } m["ppq"] = { "Pei", 7160903, "paa-wal", "Latn", } m["pps"] = { "San Luís Temalacayuca Popoloca", 25559602, "omq-pop", "Latn", } m["ppt"] = { "Pa", 3504757, "paa-kae", "Latn", } m["ppu"] = { "Papora", 2094884, "map", "Latn", } m["pqa"] = { "Pa'a", 3441315, "cdc-wst", } m["pqm"] = { "Malecite-Passamaquoddy", 3183144, "alg-eas", "Latn", } m["pra"] = { "Prakrit", 192170, "inc-mid", "Brah, Deva, Gujr, Knda", ancestors = "inc-ash", translit = { -- Brah translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] Deva = "pra-Deva-translit", Gujr = "sa-Gujr-translit", Knda = "pra-Knda-translit", }, strip_diacritics = { -- FIXME: separate by script from = {"ऎ", "ऒ", u(0x0946), u(0x094A), "य़", "ಯ಼", u(0x11071), u(0x11072), u(0x11073), u(0x11074)}, to = {"ए", "ओ", u(0x0947), u(0x094B), "य", "ಯ", "𑀏", "𑀑", u(0x11042), u(0x11044)} } , } m["prc"] = { "Parachi", 2640637, "ira-orp", "Arab", } -- "prd" is not included, see [[WT:LT]] m["pre"] = { "Principense", 36520, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "pt", } m["prf"] = { "Paranan", 7135433, "phi", } m["prg"] = { "Old Prussian", 35501, "bat-wes", "Latn", } m["prh"] = { "Porohanon", 6583710, "phi", "Latn", } m["pri"] = { "Paicî", 732131, "poz-cln", "Latn", } m["prk"] = { "Parauk", 3363719, "mkh-pal", "Latn", } m["prl"] = { "Peruvian Sign Language", 3915508, "sgn", } m["prm"] = { "Kibiri", 56745, "qfa-iso", -- Papuan; isolate in Glottolog and Wurm; suggested grouping with Kiwaian languages by Ross based only on 1sg and 2sg pronouns "Latn", } m["prn"] = { "Prasuni", 32689, "nur-nor", } m["pro"] = { "Old Occitan", 2779185, "roa-ocr", "Latn", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = c.cedilla}, } -- "prp" is not included, see [[WT:LT]] m["prq"] = { "Perené Ashéninka", 3450601, "awd", "Latn", } m["prr"] = { "Puri", 7261687, } -- "prs" is treated as "fa" (or as etymology-only), see [[WT:LT]] m["prt"] = { "Phai", 7180184, "mkh", } m["pru"] = { "Puragi", 7260800, "ngf-sbh", "Latn", } m["prw"] = { "Parawen", 7136291, "ngf-num", "Latn", } m["prx"] = { "Purik", 567905, "sit-lab", "Aran", } m["prz"] = { "Providencia Sign Language", 3322084, "sgn", } m["psa"] = { "Asue Awyu", 11266334, "ngf-awy", "Latn", } m["psc"] = { "Persian Sign Language", 7170221, "sgn", } m["psd"] = { "Plains Indian Sign Language", 2380124, "sgn", } m["pse"] = { "Central Malay", -- This does not mean the central of Malaysia. It is spoken in Indonesia. 3367751, "poz-mly", "Latn, Rjng", } m["psg"] = { "Penang Sign Language", 4924925, "sgn", } m["psh"] = { "Southwest Pashayi", 16112270, "inc-pas", "Arab", } m["psi"] = { "Southeast Pashayi", 23713536, "inc-pas", "Arab", } m["psl"] = { "Puerto Rican Sign Language", 7258608, "sgn-asl", } m["psm"] = { "Pauserna", 2912846, "tup-gua", "Latn", } m["psn"] = { "Panasuan", 7130113, "poz", } m["pso"] = { "Polish Sign Language", 3915194, "sgn-gsl", } m["psp"] = { "Philippine Sign Language", 3551357, "sgn-fsl", } m["psq"] = { "Pasi", 7142091, "paa-sep", "Latn", } m["psr"] = { "Portuguese Sign Language", 3915472, "sgn", } m["pss"] = { "Kaulong", 3194294, "poz-ocw", } m["psw"] = { "Port Sandwich", 3398324, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["psy"] = { "Piscataway", 3504233, "alg-eas", } m["pta"] = { "Pai Tavytera", 7124619, "tup-gua", "Latn", } m["pth"] = { "Pataxó Hã-Hã-Hãe", 7144304, "sai-mje", "Latn", } m["pti"] = { "Pintiini", 10632026, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["ptn"] = { "Patani", 7144242, "poz-hce", "Latn", } m["pto"] = { "Zo'é", 8073148, "tup-gua", "Latn", } m["ptp"] = { "Patep", 3368679, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["ptq"] = { "Pattapu", 60785085, "dra-tam", } m["ptr"] = { "Piamatsina", 7190040, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["ptt"] = { "Enrekang", 12953520, nil, "Latn", } m["ptu"] = { "Bambam", 4853321, "poz-ssw", "Latn", } m["ptv"] = { "Port Vato", 3398323, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["ptw"] = { "Pentlatch", 2069475, "sal", "Latn", } m["pty"] = { "Pathiya", 7144790, "dra-mal", } m["pua"] = { "Purepecha", 16114351, "qfa-iso", "Latn", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = c.acute}, } m["pub"] = { "Purum", 6400562, "tbq-kuk", "Latn", } m["puc"] = { "Punan Merap", 7259895, "poz", "Latn", } m["pud"] = { "Punan Aput", 4782333, "poz-swa", "Latn", } m["pue"] = { "Puelche", 33660, } m["puf"] = { "Punan Merah", 7259894, "poz-swa", "Latn", } m["pug"] = { "Phuie", 36375, "nic-gnw", } m["pui"] = { "Puinave", 3027918, nil, "Latn", } m["puj"] = { "Punan Tubu", 7259896, "poz-swa", "Latn", } m["pum"] = { "Puma", 33736, "sit-kic", } m["puo"] = { "Puoc", 6440803, "mkh", "Latn", } m["pup"] = { "Pulabu", 7259163, "ngf-rai", "Latn", } m["puq"] = { "Puquina", 1207739, } m["pur"] = { "Puruborá", 7261619, "tup", } m["put"] = { "Putoh", 12953832, "poz-swa", "Latn", } m["puu"] = { "Punu", 36401, "bnt-sir", "Latn", } m["puw"] = { "Puluwat", 36397, "poz-mic", "Latn", } m["pux"] = { "Puare", 3507983, "paa-shi", "Latn", } m["puy"] = { "Purisimeño", 2967638, "nai-chu", "Latn", } m["pwa"] = { "Pawaia", 7156099, "qfa-dis", -- Papuan; isolate in Glottolog; unclassified in Pawley and Hammarström (2018); sister to the Teberan -- languages by Usher (2020); tentatively TNG by Ross (2005) "Latn", } m["pwb"] = { "Panawa", 47385077, "nic-jer", "Latn", ancestors = "jer", } m["pwg"] = { "Gapapaiwa", 3095245, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["pwi"] = { "Patwin", 3370188, "nai-wtq", "Latn", } m["pwm"] = { "Molbog", 6895718, "poz-san", "Latn", } m["pwn"] = { "Paiwan", 715755, "map", "Latn", } m["pwo"] = { "Western Pwo", 7988202, "kar", "Mymr", } m["pwr"] = { "Powari", 12640277, "inc-hie", "Deva", } m["pww"] = { "Northern Pwo", 7058885, "kar", "Thai", } m["pxm"] = { "Quetzaltepec Mixe", 6842374, "nai-miz", "Latn", } m["pye"] = { "Pye Krumen", 11157382, "kro-grb", } m["pym"] = { "Fyam", 3914025, "nic-ple", "Latn", } m["pyn"] = { "Poyanáwa", 3401023, "sai-pan", } m["pys"] = { "Paraguayan Sign Language", 7134698, "sgn", } m["pyu"] = { "Puyuma", 716690, "map", "Latn", } m["pyx"] = { "Pyu (Myanmar)", 36259, "sit", } m["pyy"] = { "Pyen", 7262966, "tbq-bis", } m["pzh"] = { "Pazeh", 36435, "map", "Latn", } m["pzn"] = { "Para Naga", 7133667, "sit-aao", } return require("Module:languages").finalizeData(m, "language") ti5ji24xr34cgi69r0wecg60alo00rn 828 304729 488094 477754 2026-09-04T20:02:04Z SM7 6218 updating... 488094 sanitized-css text/css .familytree { font-family: monospace, whatever; /* work around well-known bad CSS behaviour */ font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2; white-space: nowrap; margin: 3px; /* to suppress scrollbar caused by transform on linedrawing */ } .familytree ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; /* counteract a mobile style */ } .familytree li { margin: 0; } .familytree-toptoggle { margin-left: 1ch; } .NavFrame .familytree-toptoggle { display: none; } .familytree-toptoggle::before { content: "["; } .familytree-toptoggle::after { content: "]"; } /* remove all trace of a gap between adjacent line segments */ .familytree-linedrawing { display: inline-block; transform: scaley(1.15); } .familytree-toggle { display: inline-block; transform: scaley(0.75) scalex(0.92) translatex(1px); transform-origin: 56% center; } .familytree-family, .familytree-etymlang, .familytree-lang { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; /* inverse of 1.25em in first ruleset */ } .familytree-code { font-family: monospace, whatever; color: var(--wikt-palette-forestgreen,green); } .familytree-icon { padding: 0 0.5ch; color: white; font-size: 0.8em; } .familytree-family .familytree-icon, .familytree-lang .familytree-icon { background: green; } .familytree-etymlang .familytree-icon { background: #005ab3; } 29tks0zhxr9jq82jr2isc543o73fj7n 828 304835 488047 478502 2026-09-04T16:36:21Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488047 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_languages = require("Module:languages") local m_links = require("Module:links") local m_utilities = require("Module:utilities") local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local m_table = require("Module:table") local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities" local parameter_utilities_module = "Module:parameter utilities" local parse_interface_module = "Module:parse interface" local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local pron_qualifier_module = "Module:pron qualifier" local enlang = m_languages.getByCode("en") local rsubn = m_str_utils.gsub local rsplit = m_str_utils.split local u = m_str_utils.char local function rsub(str, from, to) return (rsubn(str, from, to)) end local TEMP_LESS_THAN = u(0xFFF2) local force_cat = false -- for testing --[=[ FIXME: 1. from=the Bible (DONE) 2. origin=18th century [DONE] 3. popular= (DONE) 4. varoftype= (DONE) 5. eqtype= [DONE] 6. dimoftype= [DONE] 7. from=de:Elisabeth (same language) (DONE) 8. blendof=, blendof2= [DONE] 9. varform, dimform [DONE] 10. from=English < Latin [DONE] 11. usage=rare -> categorize as rare? 12. dimeq= (also vareq=?) [DONE] 13. fromtype= [DONE] 14. <tr:...> and similar params [DONE] ]=] -- Used in category code; name types which are full-word end-matching substrings of longer name types (e.g. "surnames" -- of "male surnames", but not "male surnames" of "female surnames" because "male" only matches a part of the word -- "female") should follow the longer name. export.personal_name_types = { "male surnames", "female surnames", "common-gender surnames", "surnames", "patronymics", "matronymics", } export.personal_name_type_set = m_table.listToSet(export.personal_name_types) export.given_name_genders = { male = {type = "human"}, female = {type = "human"}, unisex = {type = "human", cat = {"male given names", "female given names", "unisex given names"}, article = "a"}, ["unknown-gender"] = {type = "human", cat = {}, track = true}, animal = {type = "animal", track = true}, cat = {type = "animal"}, cow = {type = "animal"}, dog = {type = "animal"}, horse = {type = "animal"}, pig = {type = "animal"}, } local function get_given_name_cats(gender, props) local cats = props.cat if not cats then if props.type == "animal" then cats = {gender .. " names"} else cats = {gender .. " given names"} end end return cats end do local function do_cat(cat) if not export.personal_name_type_set[cat] then export.personal_name_type_set[cat] = true table.insert(export.personal_name_types, cat) end end for gender, props in pairs(export.given_name_genders) do local cats = get_given_name_cats(gender, props) for _, cat in ipairs(cats) do do_cat("diminutives of " .. cat) do_cat("augmentatives of " .. cat) do_cat(cat) end end do_cat("given names") end local translit_name_type_list = { "surname", "male given name", "female given name", "unisex given name", "patronymic" } local function track(page) require("Module:debug").track("names/" .. page) end -- Get raw text, for use in computing the indefinite article. Use get_plaintext() in [[Module:utilities]] and also -- remove parens that may surround qualifier or label text preceding a term. local function get_rawtext(text) text = m_utilities.get_plaintext(text) text = text:gsub("[()%[%]]", "") return text end --[=[ Parse a term and associated properties. This works with parameters of the form 'Karlheinz' or 'Kunigunde<q:medieval, now rare>' or 'non:Óláfr' or 'ru:Фру́нзе<tr:Frúnzɛ><q:rare>' where the modifying properties are contained in <...> specifications after the term. `term` is the full parameter value including any angle brackets and colons; `paramname` is the name of the parameter that this value comes from, for error purposes; `deflang` is a language object used in the return value when the language isn't specified (e.g. in the examples 'Karlheinz' and 'Kunigunde<q:medieval, now rare>' above); `allow_explicit_lang` indicates whether the language can be explicitly given (e.g. in the examples 'non:Óláfr' or 'ru:Фру́нзе<tr:Frúnzɛ><q:rare>' above). Normally the return value is a terminfo object that can be passed to full_link() in [[Module:links]]), additionally with optional fields `.q`, `.qq`, `.l`, `.ll`, `.refs` and `.eq` (a list of objects of the same form as the returned terminfo object. However, if `allow_multiple_terms` is given, multiple comma-separated names can be given in `term`, and the return value is a list of objects of the form described just above. ]=] local function parse_term_with_annotations(term, paramname, deflang, allow_explicit_lang, allow_multiple_terms) local param_mods = require(parameter_utilities_module).construct_param_mods { {group = {"link", "l", "q", "ref"}}, {param = "eq", convert = function(eqval, parse_err) return parse_term_with_annotations(eqval, paramname .. ".eq", enlang, false, "allow multiple terms") end}, } local function generate_obj(term, parse_err) local termlang if allow_explicit_lang then local actual_term actual_term, termlang = require(parse_interface_module).parse_term_with_lang { term = term, parse_err = parse_err, paramname = paramname, } term = actual_term or term end return { term = term, lang = termlang or deflang, } end return require(parse_interface_module).parse_inline_modifiers(term, { param_mods = param_mods, paramname = paramname, generate_obj = generate_obj, splitchar = allow_multiple_terms and "," or nil, }) end --[=[ Link a single term. If `do_language_link` is given and a given term's language is English, the link will be constructed using language_link() in [[Module:links]]; otherwise, with full_link(). `termobj` is an object as returned by parse_term_with_annotations(), i.e. it is suitable for passing to [[Module:links]] and additionally contains optional fields `.q`, `.qq`, `.l`, `.ll`, `.refs` and `.eq` (a list of objects of the same form as `termobj`). ]=] local function link_one_term(termobj, do_language_link) local link if do_language_link and termobj.lang:getCode() == "en" then link = m_links.language_link(termobj) else link = m_links.full_link(termobj) end if termobj.q and termobj.q[1] or termobj.qq and termobj.qq[1] or termobj.l and termobj.l[1] or termobj.ll and termobj.ll[1] or termobj.refs and termobj.refs[1] then link = require(pron_qualifier_module).format_qualifiers { lang = termobj.lang, text = link, q = termobj.q, qq = termobj.qq, l = termobj.l, ll = termobj.ll, refs = termobj.refs, } end if termobj.eq then local eqtext = {} for _, eqobj in ipairs(termobj.eq) do table.insert(eqtext, link_one_term(eqobj, true)) end link = link .. " [=" .. m_table.serialCommaJoin(eqtext, {conj = "or"}) .. "]" end return link end --[=[ Link the terms in `terms`, and join them using the conjunction in `conj` (defaulting to "or"). Joining is done using serialCommaJoin() in [[Module:table]], so that e.g. two terms are joined as "TERM or TERM" while three terms are joined as "TERM, TERM or TERM" with special CSS spans before the final "or" to allow an "Oxford comma" to appear if configured appropriately. (However, if `conj` is the special value ", ", joining is done directly using that value.) If `include_langname` is given, the language of the first term will be prepended to the joined terms. If `do_language_link` is given and a given term's language is English, the link will be constructed using language_link() in [[Module:links]]; otherwise, with full_link(). Each term in `terms` is an object as returned by parse_term_with_annotations(). ]=] local function join_terms(terms, include_langname, do_language_link, conj) local links = {} local langnametext for _, termobj in ipairs(terms) do if include_langname and not langnametext then langnametext = termobj.lang:getCanonicalName() .. " " end table.insert(links, link_one_term(termobj, do_language_link)) end local joined_terms if conj == ", " then joined_terms = table.concat(links, conj) else joined_terms = m_table.serialCommaJoin(links, {conj = conj or "or"}) end return (langnametext or "") .. joined_terms end --[=[ Gather the parameters for multiple names and link each name using full_link() (for foreign names) or language_link() (for English names), joining the names using serialCommaJoin() in [[Module:table]] with the conjunction `conj` (defaulting to "or"). (However, if `conj` is the special value ", ", joining is done directly using that value.) This can be used, for example, to fetch and join all the masculine equivalent names for a feminine given name. Each name is specified using parameters beginning with `pname` in `args`, e.g. "m", "m2", "m3", etc. `lang` is a language object specifying the language of the names (defaulting to English), for use in linking them. If `allow_explicit_lang` is given, the language of the terms can be specified explicitly by prefixing a term with a language code, e.g. 'sv:Björn' or 'la:[[Nicolaus|Nīcolāī]]'. This function assumes that the parameters have already been parsed by [[Module:parameters]] and gathered into lists, so that e.g. all "mN" parameters are in a list in args["m"]. ]=] local function join_names(lang, args, pname, conj, allow_explicit_lang) local termobjs = {} local do_language_link = false if not lang then lang = enlang do_language_link = true end local function process_one_term(term, i) for _, termobj in ipairs(parse_term_with_annotations(term, pname .. (i == 1 and "" or i), lang, allow_explicit_lang, "allow multiple terms")) do table.insert(termobjs, termobj) end end if not args[pname] then return "", 0 elseif type(args[pname]) == "table" then for i, term in ipairs(args[pname]) do process_one_term(term, i) end else process_one_term(args[pname], 1) end return join_terms(termobjs, nil, do_language_link, conj or "and"), #termobjs end local function get_eqtext(args) local eqsegs = {} local lastlang = nil local last_eqseg = {} local function process_one_term(term, i) for _, termobj in ipairs(parse_term_with_annotations(term, "eq" .. (i == 1 and "" or i), enlang, "allow explicit lang", "allow multiple terms")) do local termlang = termobj.lang:getCode() if lastlang and lastlang ~= termlang then if #last_eqseg > 0 then table.insert(eqsegs, last_eqseg) end last_eqseg = {} end lastlang = termlang table.insert(last_eqseg, termobj) end end if type(args.eq) == "table" then for i, term in ipairs(args.eq) do process_one_term(term, i) end elseif type(args.eq) == "string" then process_one_term(args.eq, 1) end if #last_eqseg > 0 then table.insert(eqsegs, last_eqseg) end local eqtextsegs = {} for _, eqseg in ipairs(eqsegs) do table.insert(eqtextsegs, join_terms(eqseg, "include langname")) end return m_table.serialCommaJoin(eqtextsegs, {conj = "or"}) end local function get_fromtext(lang, args) local catparts = {} local fromsegs = {} local i = 1 local function parse_from(from) local unrecognized = false local prefix, suffix if from == "surnames" or from == "given names" or from == "nicknames" or from == "place names" or from == "common nouns" or from == "month names" then prefix = "transferred from the " suffix = from:gsub("s$", "") table.insert(catparts, from) elseif from == "patronymics" or from == "matronymics" or from == "coinages" then prefix = "originating " suffix = "as a " .. from:gsub("s$", "") table.insert(catparts, from) elseif from == "occupations" or from == "ethnonyms" then prefix = "originating " suffix = "as an " .. from:gsub("s$", "") table.insert(catparts, from) elseif from == "the Bible" then prefix = "originating " suffix = "from the Bible" table.insert(catparts, from) else prefix = "from " if from:find(":") then local termobj = parse_term_with_annotations(from, "from" .. (i == 1 and "" or i), lang, "allow explicit lang") local fromlangname = "" if termobj.lang:getCode() ~= lang:getCode() then -- If name is derived from another name in the same language, don't include lang name after text -- "from " or create a category like "German male given names derived from German". local canonical_name = termobj.lang:getCanonicalName() fromlangname = canonical_name .. " " table.insert(catparts, canonical_name) end suffix = fromlangname .. link_one_term(termobj) else local family = from:match("^(.+) languages$") or from:match("^.+ Languages$") or from:match("^.+ [Ll]ects$") if family then if require("Module:families").getByCanonicalName(family) then table.insert(catparts, from) else unrecognized = true end suffix = "the " .. from else if m_languages.getByCanonicalName(from, nil, "allow etym") then table.insert(catparts, from) else unrecognized = true end suffix = from end end end if unrecognized then track("unrecognized from") track("unrecognized from/" .. from) end return prefix, suffix end local last_fromseg = nil local put = require(parse_utilities_module) local from_args = args.from or {} if type(from_args) == "string" then from_args = {from_args} end while from_args[i] do -- We may have multiple comma-separated items, each of which may have multiple items separated by a -- space-delimited < sign, each of which may have inline modifiers with embedded commas in them. To handle -- this correctly, first replace space-delimited < signs with a special character, then split on balanced -- <...> and [...] signs, then split on comma, then rejoin the stuff between commas. We will then split on -- TEMP_LESS_THAN (the replacement for space-delimited < signs) and reparse. local rawfroms = rsub(from_args[i], "%s+<%s+", TEMP_LESS_THAN) local segments = put.parse_multi_delimiter_balanced_segment_run(rawfroms, {{"<", ">"}, {"[", "]"}}) local comma_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_on_comma(segments) for j, comma_separated_group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do comma_separated_groups[j] = table.concat(comma_separated_group) end for _, rawfrom in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do local froms = rsplit(rawfrom, TEMP_LESS_THAN) if #froms == 1 then local prefix, suffix = parse_from(froms[1]) if last_fromseg and (last_fromseg.has_multiple_froms or last_fromseg.prefix ~= prefix) then table.insert(fromsegs, last_fromseg) last_fromseg = nil end if not last_fromseg then last_fromseg = {prefix = prefix, suffixes = {}} end table.insert(last_fromseg.suffixes, suffix) else if last_fromseg then table.insert(fromsegs, last_fromseg) last_fromseg = nil end local first_suffixpart = "" local rest_suffixparts = {} for j, from in ipairs(froms) do local prefix, suffix = parse_from(from) if j == 1 then first_suffixpart = prefix .. suffix else table.insert(rest_suffixparts, prefix .. suffix) end end local full_suffix = first_suffixpart .. " [in turn " .. table.concat(rest_suffixparts, ", in turn ") .. "]" last_fromseg = {prefix = "", has_multiple_froms = true, suffixes = {full_suffix}} end end i = i + 1 end table.insert(fromsegs, last_fromseg) local fromtextsegs = {} for _, fromseg in ipairs(fromsegs) do table.insert(fromtextsegs, fromseg.prefix .. m_table.serialCommaJoin(fromseg.suffixes, {conj = "or"})) end return m_table.serialCommaJoin(fromtextsegs, {conj = "or"}), catparts end local function parse_given_name_genders(genderspec) if export.given_name_genders[genderspec] then -- optimization return {{ type = genderspec, props = export.given_name_genders[genderspec], }}, export.given_name_genders[genderspec].type == "animal" end local is_animal = nil local param_mods = require(parameter_utilities_module).construct_param_mods { {group = {"l", "q", "ref"}}, {param = {"text", "article"}}, } local function generate_obj(term, parse_err) if not export.given_name_genders[term] then local valid_genders = {} for k, _ in pairs(export.given_name_genders) do table.insert(valid_genders, k) end table.sort(valid_genders) parse_err(("Unrecognized gender '%s': valid genders are %s"):format( term, table.concat(valid_genders, ", "))) end return { type = term, props = export.given_name_genders[term], } end local retval = require(parse_interface_module).parse_inline_modifiers(genderspec, { param_mods = param_mods, paramname = "2", generate_obj = generate_obj, splitchar = ",", }) for _, spec in ipairs(retval) do local this_is_animal = spec.props.type == "animal" if is_animal == nil then is_animal = this_is_animal elseif is_animal ~= this_is_animal then error("Can't mix animal and human genders") end end return retval, is_animal end local function generate_given_name_genders(lang, genders) local parts = {} for _, spec in ipairs(genders) do local text if spec.text then -- NOTE: This assumes no % sign in the gender type, which seems safe. text = spec.text:gsub("%+", spec.type) else if spec.props.type == "animal" then text = "[[" .. spec.type .. "]]" else text = spec.type end end if spec.q and spec.q[1] or spec.qq and spec.qq[1] or spec.l and spec.l[1] or spec.ll and spec.ll[1] or spec.refs and spec.refs[1] then text = require(pron_qualifier_module).format_qualifiers { lang = lang, text = text, q = spec.q, qq = spec.qq, l = spec.l, ll = spec.ll, refs = spec.refs, raw = true, } end table.insert(parts, text) end local retval = m_table.serialCommaJoin(parts, {conj = "or"}) local article = genders[1].article if not article and not genders[1].text and not genders[1].q and not genders[1].l then article = genders[1].props.article end if not article then article = require(en_utilities_module).get_indefinite_article(get_rawtext(retval)) end return retval, article end -- The entry point for {{given name}}. function export.given_name(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local compat = parent_args.lang local offset = compat and 0 or 1 local lang_index = compat and "lang" or 1 local boolean = {type = "boolean"} local list = {list = true} local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parent_args, { [lang_index] = {required = true, type = "language", default = "und"}, ["gender"] = {default = "unknown-gender"}, [1 + offset] = {alias_of = "gender"}, ["usage"] = true, ["origin"] = true, ["popular"] = true, ["populartype"] = true, ["meaning"] = list, ["meaningtype"] = true, ["addl"] = true, ["nocap"] = boolean, -- initial article: A or An ["A"] = true, ["sort"] = true, ["from"] = true, [2 + offset] = {alias_of = "from"}, ["fromtype"] = true, ["xlit"] = true, ["eq"] = true, ["eqtype"] = true, ["varof"] = true, ["varoftype"] = true, ["var"] = {alias_of = "varof"}, ["vartype"] = {alias_of = "varoftype"}, ["varform"] = true, ["varformtype"] = true, ["dimof"] = true, ["dimoftype"] = true, ["dim"] = {alias_of = "dimof"}, ["dimtype"] = {alias_of = "dimoftype"}, ["dimform"] = true, ["dimformtype"] = true, ["augof"] = true, ["augoftype"] = true, ["aug"] = {alias_of = "augof"}, ["augtype"] = {alias_of = "augoftype"}, ["augform"] = true, ["augformtype"] = true, ["clipof"] = true, ["clipoftype"] = true, ["blend"] = true, ["blendtype"] = true, ["m"] = true, ["mtype"] = true, ["f"] = true, ["ftype"] = true, ["nocat"] = boolean, }) local textsegs = {} local lang = args[lang_index] local langcode = lang:getCode() local function fetch_typetext(param) return args[param] and args[param] .. " " or "" end local genders, is_animal = parse_given_name_genders(args.gender) local dimoftext, numdimofs = join_names(lang, args, "dimof") local augoftext, numaugofs = join_names(lang, args, "augof") local xlittext = join_names(nil, args, "xlit") local blendtext = join_names(lang, args, "blend") -- formerly the only one that used "and" instead of "or" local varoftext = join_names(lang, args, "varof") local clipoftext = join_names(lang, args, "clipof") local mtext = join_names(lang, args, "m") local ftext = join_names(lang, args, "f") local varformtext, numvarforms = join_names(lang, args, "varform", ", ") local dimformtext, numdimforms = join_names(lang, args, "dimform", ", ") local augformtext, numaugforms = join_names(lang, args, "augform", ", ") local meaningsegs = {} for _, meaning in ipairs(args.meaning) do table.insert(meaningsegs, '“' .. meaning .. '”') end local meaningtext = m_table.serialCommaJoin(meaningsegs, {conj = "or"}) local eqtext = get_eqtext(args) local function ins(txt) table.insert(textsegs, txt) end local dimoftype = args.dimoftype local augoftype = args.augoftype local added_text = nil if numdimofs > 0 then added_text = (dimoftype and dimoftype .. " " or "") .. "[[diminutive]]" .. (xlittext ~= "" and ", " .. xlittext .. "," or "") .. " of " elseif numaugofs > 0 then added_text = (augoftype and augoftype .. " " or "") .. "[[augmentative]]" .. (xlittext ~= "" and ", " .. xlittext .. "," or "") .. " of " end local force_plural = false if added_text ~= nil then if args.dimof == "-" then dimoftext = "" force_plural = true else added_text = added_text .. "the " end ins(added_text) end local article = args.A if not article and textsegs[1] then article = require(en_utilities_module).get_indefinite_article(textsegs[1]) end if not is_animal then local gendertext, gender_article = generate_given_name_genders(lang, genders) article = article or gender_article ins(gendertext) ins(" ") end ins((numdimofs > 1 or numaugofs > 1 or force_plural) and "[[given name|given names]]" or "[[given name]]") article = article or "a" -- if no article set yet, it's "a" based on "given name" if langcode == "en" and not args.nocap then article = mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(article) end local need_comma = false if numdimofs > 0 then ins(" " .. dimoftext) need_comma = not is_animal elseif numaugofs > 0 then ins(" " .. augoftext) need_comma = not is_animal elseif xlittext ~= "" then ins(", " .. xlittext) need_comma = true end if is_animal then if need_comma then ins(",") end need_comma = true ins(" for ") local gendertext, gender_article = generate_given_name_genders(lang, genders) ins(gender_article) ins(" ") ins(gendertext) end local from_catparts = {} if args.from then if need_comma then ins(",") end need_comma = true ins(" " .. fetch_typetext("fromtype")) local textseg, this_catparts = get_fromtext(lang, args) for _, catpart in ipairs(this_catparts) do m_table.insertIfNot(from_catparts, catpart) end ins(textseg) end if meaningtext ~= "" then if need_comma then ins(",") end need_comma = true ins(" " .. fetch_typetext("meaningtype") .. "meaning " .. meaningtext) end if args.origin then if need_comma then ins(",") end need_comma = true ins(" of " .. args.origin .. " origin") end if args.usage then if need_comma then ins(",") end ins(" of " .. args.usage .. " usage") end if varoftext ~= "" then ins(", " ..fetch_typetext("varoftype") .. "variant of " .. varoftext) end if clipoftext ~= "" then ins(", " .. fetch_typetext("clipoftype") .. "clipping of " .. clipoftext) end if blendtext ~= "" then ins(", " .. fetch_typetext("blendtype") .. "blend of " .. blendtext) end if args.popular then ins(", " .. fetch_typetext("populartype") .. "popular " .. args.popular) end if mtext ~= "" then ins(", " .. fetch_typetext("mtype") .. "masculine equivalent " .. mtext) end if ftext ~= "" then ins(", " .. fetch_typetext("ftype") .. "feminine equivalent " .. ftext) end if eqtext ~= "" then ins(", " .. fetch_typetext("eqtype") .. "equivalent to " .. eqtext) end if args.addl then if args.addl:find("^;") then ins(args.addl) elseif args.addl:find("^_") then ins(" " .. args.addl:sub(2)) else ins(", " .. args.addl) end end if varformtext ~= "" then ins("; " .. fetch_typetext("varformtype") .. "variant form" .. (numvarforms > 1 and "s" or "") .. " " .. varformtext) end if dimformtext ~= "" then ins("; " .. fetch_typetext("dimformtype") .. "diminutive form" .. (numdimforms > 1 and "s" or "") .. " " .. dimformtext) end if augformtext ~= "" then ins("; " .. fetch_typetext("augformtype") .. "augmentative form" .. (numaugforms > 1 and "s" or "") .. " " .. augformtext) end local text = "<span class='use-with-mention'>" .. article .. " " .. table.concat(textsegs) .. "</span>" if args.nocat then return text end local categories = {} local langname = lang:getCanonicalName() .. " " local function insert_cats(dimaugof) if dimaugof == "" and genders[1].props.type == "human" then -- No category such as "English diminutives of given names" table.insert(categories, langname .. "given names") end local function insert_cat(cat) table.insert(categories, langname .. dimaugof .. cat) for _, catpart in ipairs(from_catparts) do table.insert(categories, langname .. dimaugof .. cat .. " from " .. catpart) end end for _, spec in ipairs(genders) do local typ = spec.type if spec.props.track then track(typ) end local cats = get_given_name_cats(spec.type, spec.props) for _, cat in ipairs(cats) do insert_cat(cat) end end end insert_cats("") if numdimofs > 0 then insert_cats("diminutives of ") elseif numaugofs > 0 then insert_cats("augmentatives of ") end return text .. m_utilities.format_categories(categories, lang, args.sort, nil, force_cat) end -- The entry point for {{surname}}, {{patronymic}} and {{matronymic}}. function export.surname(frame) local iargs = require("Module:parameters").process(frame.args, { ["type"] = {required = true, set = {"surname", "patronymic", "matronymic"}}, }) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local compat = parent_args.lang local offset = compat and 0 or 1 if parent_args.dot or parent_args.nodot then error("dot= and nodot= are no longer supported in [[Template:" .. iargs.type .. "]] because a trailing " .. "period is no longer added by default; if you want it, add it explicitly after the template") end local lang_index = compat and "lang" or 1 local boolean = {type = "boolean"} local list = {list = true} local gender_arg = iargs.type == "surname" and "g" or 1 + offset local adj_arg = iargs.type == "surname" and 1 + offset or 2 + offset local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parent_args, { [lang_index] = {required = true, type = "language", template_default = "und"}, [gender_arg] = iargs.type == "surname" and true or {required = true, template_default = "unknown"}, -- gender(s) [adj_arg] = true, -- adjective/qualifier ["usage"] = true, ["origin"] = true, ["popular"] = true, ["populartype"] = true, ["meaning"] = list, ["meaningtype"] = true, ["parent"] = true, ["addl"] = true, ["nocap"] = boolean, -- initial article: by default A or An (English), a or an (otherwise) ["A"] = true, ["sort"] = true, ["from"] = true, ["fromtype"] = true, ["xlit"] = true, ["eq"] = true, ["eqtype"] = true, ["varof"] = true, ["varoftype"] = true, ["var"] = {alias_of = "varof"}, ["vartype"] = {alias_of = "varoftype"}, ["varform"] = true, ["varformtype"] = true, ["clipof"] = true, ["clipoftype"] = true, ["blend"] = true, ["blendtype"] = true, ["m"] = true, ["mtype"] = true, ["f"] = true, ["ftype"] = true, ["nocat"] = boolean, }) local textsegs = {} local lang = args[lang_index] local langcode = lang:getCode() local function fetch_typetext(param) return args[param] and args[param] .. " " or "" end local saw_male = false local saw_female = false local genders = {} if args[gender_arg] then for _, g in ipairs(require(parse_interface_module).split_on_comma(args[gender_arg])) do if g == "unknown" or g == "unknown gender" or g == "unknown-gender" or g == "?" then g = "unknown-gender" track("unknown gender") elseif g == "unisex" or g == "common gender" or g == "common-gender" or g == "c" then g = "common-gender" saw_male = true saw_female = true elseif g == "m" or g == "male" then g = "male" saw_male = true elseif g == "f" or g == "female" then g = "female" saw_female = true else error("Unrecognized gender: " .. g) end table.insert(genders, g) end end local adj = args[adj_arg] local xlittext = join_names(nil, args, "xlit") local blendtext = join_names(lang, args, "blend", "and") local varoftext = join_names(lang, args, "varof") local clipoftext = join_names(lang, args, "clipof") local mtext = join_names(lang, args, "m") local ftext = join_names(lang, args, "f") local parenttext = join_names(lang, args, "parent", nil, "allow explicit lang") local varformtext, numvarforms = join_names(lang, args, "varform", ", ") local meaningsegs = {} for _, meaning in ipairs(args.meaning) do table.insert(meaningsegs, '“' .. meaning .. '”') end if parenttext ~= "" then local child = saw_male and not saw_female and "son" or saw_female and not saw_male and "daughter" or "son/daughter" table.insert(meaningsegs, ("“%s of %s”"):format(child, parenttext)) end local meaningtext = m_table.serialCommaJoin(meaningsegs, {conj = "or"}) local eqtext = get_eqtext(args) local function ins(txt) table.insert(textsegs, txt) end ins("<span class='use-with-mention'>") -- If gender is supplied, it goes before the specified adjective in adj=. The only value of gender that uses "an" is -- "unknown-gender" (note that "unisex" wouldn't use it but in any case we map "unisex" to "common-gender"). If gender -- isn't supplied, look at the first letter of the value of adj= if supplied; otherwise, the article is always "a" -- because the word "surname", "patronymic" or "matronymic" follows. Capitalize "A"/"An" if English. local article if args.A then article = args.A else article = #genders > 0 and genders[1] == "unknown-gender" and "an" or #genders == 0 and adj and require(en_utilities_module).get_indefinite_article(adj) or "a" if langcode == "en" and not args.nocap then article = mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(article) end end ins(article .. " ") if #genders > 0 then ins(table.concat(genders, " or ") .. " ") end if adj then ins(adj .. " ") end ins("[[" .. iargs.type .. "]]") local need_comma = false if xlittext ~= "" then ins(", " .. xlittext) need_comma = true end local from_catparts = {} if args.from then if need_comma then ins(",") end need_comma = true ins(" " .. fetch_typetext("fromtype")) local textseg, this_catparts = get_fromtext(lang, args) for _, catpart in ipairs(this_catparts) do m_table.insertIfNot(from_catparts, catpart) end ins(textseg) end if meaningtext ~= "" then if need_comma then ins(",") end need_comma = true ins(" " .. fetch_typetext("meaningtype") .. "meaning " .. meaningtext) end if args.origin then if need_comma then ins(",") end need_comma = true ins(" of " .. args.origin .. " origin") end if args.usage then if need_comma then ins(",") end need_comma = true ins(" of " .. args.usage .. " usage") end if varoftext ~= "" then ins(", " ..fetch_typetext("varoftype") .. "variant of " .. varoftext) end if clipoftext ~= "" then ins(", " .. fetch_typetext("clipoftype") .. "clipping of " .. clipoftext) end if blendtext ~= "" then ins(", " .. fetch_typetext("blendtype") .. "blend of " .. blendtext) end if args.popular then ins(", " .. fetch_typetext("populartype") .. "popular " .. args.popular) end if mtext ~= "" then ins(", " .. fetch_typetext("mtype") .. "masculine equivalent " .. mtext) end if ftext ~= "" then ins(", " .. fetch_typetext("ftype") .. "feminine equivalent " .. ftext) end if eqtext ~= "" then ins(", " .. fetch_typetext("eqtype") .. "equivalent to " .. eqtext) end if args.addl then if args.addl:find("^;") then ins(args.addl) elseif args.addl:find("^_") then ins(" " .. args.addl:sub(2)) else ins(", " .. args.addl) end end if varformtext ~= "" then ins("; " .. fetch_typetext("varformtype") .. "variant form" .. (numvarforms > 1 and "s" or "") .. " " .. varformtext) end ins("</span>") local text = table.concat(textsegs) if args.nocat then return text end local categories = {} local langname = lang:getCanonicalName() .. " " local function insert_cats(g) g = g and g .. " " or "" table.insert(categories, langname .. g .. iargs.type .. "s") for _, catpart in ipairs(from_catparts) do table.insert(categories, langname .. g .. iargs.type .. "s from " .. catpart) end end insert_cats(nil) local function insert_cats_gender(g) if g == "unknown-gender" then return end if g == "common-gender" then insert_cats_gender("male") insert_cats_gender("female") end insert_cats(g) end for _, g in ipairs(genders) do insert_cats_gender(g) end return text .. m_utilities.format_categories(categories, lang, args.sort, nil, force_cat) end -- The entry point for {{name translit}}, {{name respelling}}, {{name obor}} and {{foreign name}}. function export.name_translit(frame) local boolean = {type = "boolean"} local iargs = require("Module:parameters").process(frame.args, { ["desctext"] = {required = true}, ["obor"] = boolean, ["foreign_name"] = boolean, }) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local params = { [1] = {required = true, type = "language", template_default = "en"}, [2] = {required = true, type = "language", sublist = true, template_default = "ru"}, [3] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["type"] = {required = true, set = translit_name_type_list, sublist = true, default = "patronymic"}, ["dim"] = boolean, ["aug"] = boolean, ["nocap"] = boolean, ["addl"] = true, ["sort"] = true, ["pagename"] = true, ["nocat"] = boolean, } local m_param_utils = require(parameter_utilities_module) local param_mods = m_param_utils.construct_param_mods { {group = {"link", "q", "l", "ref"}}, {param = {"xlit", "eq"}}, } local names, args = m_param_utils.parse_list_with_inline_modifiers_and_separate_params { params = params, param_mods = param_mods, raw_args = parent_args, termarg = 3, track_module = "names/name translit", disallow_custom_separators = true, -- Use the first source language as the language of the specified names. lang = function(args) return args[2][1] end, sc = "sc.default", } local lang = args[1] local langcode = lang:getCode() local sources = args[2] local pagename = args.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local textsegs = {} local function ins(txt) table.insert(textsegs, txt) end ins("<span class='use-with-mention'>") local desctext = iargs.desctext if langcode == "en" and not args.nocap then desctext = mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(desctext) end ins(desctext .. " ") if not iargs.foreign_name then ins("of ") end local langsegs = {} for i, source in ipairs(sources) do local sourcename = source:getCanonicalName() local function get_source_link() local term_to_link = names[1] and names[1].term or pagename -- We link the language name to either the first specified name or the pagename, in the following -- circumstances: -- (1) More than one language was given along with at least one name; or -- (2) We're handling {{foreign name}} or {{name obor}}, and no name was given. -- The reason for (1) is that if more than one language was given, we want a link to the name -- in each language, as the name that's displayed is linked only to the first specified language. -- However, if only one language was given, linking the language to the name is redundant. -- The reason for (2) is that {{foreign name}} is often used when the name in the destination language -- is spelled the same as the name in the source language (e.g. [[Clinton]] or [[Obama]] in Italian), -- and in that case no name will be explicitly specified but we still want a link to the name in the -- source language. The reason we restrict this to {{foreign name}} or {{name obor}}, not to -- {{name translit}} or {{name respelling}}, is that {{name translit}} and {{name respelling}} ought to be -- used for names spelled differently in the destination language (either transliterated or respelled), so -- assuming the pagename is the name in the source language is wrong. if names[1] and #sources > 1 or (iargs.foreign_name or iargs.obor) and not names[1] then return m_links.language_link{ lang = sources[i], term = term_to_link, alt = sourcename, tr = "-" } else return sourcename end end if i == 1 and not iargs.foreign_name then -- If at least one name is given, we say "A transliteration of the LANG surname FOO", linking LANG to FOO. -- Otherwise we say "A transliteration of a LANG surname". if names[1] then table.insert(langsegs, "the " .. get_source_link()) else table.insert(langsegs, require(en_utilities_module).add_indefinite_article(sourcename)) end else table.insert(langsegs, get_source_link()) end end local langseg_text = m_table.serialCommaJoin(langsegs, {conj = "or"}) local augdim_text if args.dim then augdim_text = " [[diminutive]]" elseif args.aug then augdim_text = " [[augmentative]]" else augdim_text = "" end local nametype_linked = {} for _, nametype in ipairs(args["type"]) do if nametype == "surname" or nametype == "patronymic" then table.insert(nametype_linked, "[[" .. nametype .. "]]") elseif nametype == "male given name" then table.insert(nametype_linked, "male [[given name]]") elseif nametype == "female given name" then table.insert(nametype_linked, "female [[given name]]") elseif nametype == "unisex given name" then table.insert(nametype_linked, "unisex [[given name]]") else table.insert(nametype_linked, nametype) end end local nametype_text = m_table.serialCommaJoin(nametype_linked) .. augdim_text if not iargs.foreign_name then ins(langseg_text .. " ") ins(nametype_text) if names[1] then ins(" ") end else ins(nametype_text) ins(" in " .. langseg_text) if names[1] then ins(", ") end end local linked_names = {} local embedded_comma = false for _, name in ipairs(names) do local linked_name = m_links.full_link(name, "term") if name.q and name.q[1] or name.qq and name.qq[1] or name.l and name.l[1] or name.ll and name.ll[1] or name.refs and name.refs[1] then linked_name = require(pron_qualifier_module).format_qualifiers { lang = name.lang, text = linked_name, q = name.q, qq = name.qq, l = name.l, ll = name.ll, refs = name.refs, raw = true, } end if name.xlit then embedded_comma = true linked_name = linked_name .. ", " .. m_links.language_link { lang = enlang, term = name.xlit } end if name.eq then embedded_comma = true linked_name = linked_name .. ", equivalent to " .. m_links.language_link { lang = enlang, term = name.eq } end table.insert(linked_names, linked_name) end if embedded_comma then ins(table.concat(linked_names, "; or of ")) else ins(m_table.serialCommaJoin(linked_names, {conj = "or"})) end if args.addl then if args.addl:find("^;") then ins(args.addl) elseif args.addl:find("^_") then ins(" " .. args.addl:sub(2)) else ins(", " .. args.addl) end end ins("</span>") local text = table.concat(textsegs) if args.nocat then return text end local categories = {} local function inscat(cat) table.insert(categories, lang:getFullName() .. " " .. cat) end for _, nametype in ipairs(args.type) do local function insert_cats(dimaugof) local function insert_cats_type(ty) if ty == "unisex given name" then insert_cats_type("male given name") insert_cats_type("female given name") end for _, source in ipairs(sources) do inscat("renderings of " .. source:getCanonicalName() .. " " .. dimaugof .. ty .. "s") inscat("terms derived from " .. source:getCanonicalName()) inscat("terms borrowed from " .. source:getCanonicalName()) if iargs.obor then inscat("orthographic borrowings from " .. source:getCanonicalName()) end if source:getCode() ~= source:getFullCode() then -- etymology language inscat("renderings of " .. source:getFullName() .. " " .. dimaugof .. ty .. "s") end end end insert_cats_type(nametype) end insert_cats("") if args.dim then insert_cats("diminutives of ") end if args.aug then insert_cats("augmentatives of ") end end return text .. m_utilities.format_categories(categories, lang, args.sort, nil, force_cat) end return export 0s6edizp925lpd3wso8ahm2imox7bf5 828 304878 488092 478582 2026-09-04T19:58:10Z SM7 6218 updating... 488092 Scribunto text/plain local m = {} m["aa"] = { aliases = {"Qafar"}, } m["ab"] = { aliases = {"Abkhazian", "Abxazo"}, } m["ae"] = { aliases = {"Zend", "Old Bactrian"}, } m["af"] = { } m["ak"] = { varieties = {"Twi-Fante", "Twi", {"Fante", "Fanti"}, "Asante", "Akuapem", "Abron", "Brong", "Wasa"}, } m["am"] = { } m["an"] = { } m["ar"] = { -- FIXME, some of the following are varieties but it's not clear which ones aliases = {"Standard Arabic", "Literary Arabic", "High Arabic"}, varieties = {"Modern Standard Arabic", "Classical Arabic", "Judeo-Arabic"}, } m["as"] = { aliases = {"Asamiya"}, } m["av"] = { aliases = {"Avaric"}, } m["ay"] = { varieties = {"Southern Aymara", "Central Aymara"}, } m["az"] = { aliases = {"Azeri", "Azari", "Azeri Turkic", "Azerbaijani Turkic"}, varieties = {"North Azerbaijani", "South Azerbaijani", {"Afshar", "Afshari", "Afshar Azerbaijani", "Afchar"}, {"Qashqa'i", "Qashqai", "Kashkay"}, "Sonqor" }, } m["ba"] = { } m["be"] = { aliases = {"Belorussian", "Belarusan", "Bielorussian", "Byelorussian", "Belarussian", "White Russian"}, } m["bg"] = { } m["bh"] = { } m["bi"] = { } m["bm"] = { aliases = {"Bamanankan"}, } m["bn"] = { aliases = {"Bangla"}, } m["bo"] = { varieties = { {"Amdo Tibetan", "Amdo"}, "Dolpo", {"Khams", "Khams Tibetan"}, "Khamba", "Gola", "Humla", "Limi", {"Lhasa", "Lhasa Tibetan"}, "Lhomi", "Loke", "Lowa", "Mugom", "Mugu", "Mustang", "Nubri", "Panang", "Shing Saapa", "Thudam", "Tichurong", "Tseku", {"Ü", "Dbus"}, "Walungge"}, -- and "Gyalsumdo", "Lower Manang"? "Kyirong"? } m["br"] = { varieties = {{"Gwenedeg", "Vannetais"}, {"Kerneveg", "Cornouaillais"}, {"Leoneg", "Léonard"}, {"Tregerieg", "Trégorrois"}}, } m["ca"] = { -- don't list varieties here that are in [[Module:etymology languages/data]] } m["ce"] = { } m["ch"] = { aliases = {"Chamoru"}, } m["co"] = { aliases = {"Corsu"}, } m["cr"] = { } m["cs"] = { } m["cu"] = { aliases = {"Old Church Slavic"}, } m["cv"] = { } m["cy"] = { varieties = {"Cofi Welsh", {"Dyfedeg", "Dyfed Welsh", "Demetian"}, {"Gwenhwyseg", "Gwent Welsh", "Gwentian"}, {"Gwyndodeg", "Gwynedd Welsh", "Venedotian"}, {"Powyseg", "Powys Welsh", "Powysian"}, "Patagonian Welsh"}, } m["da"] = { } m["de"] = { aliases = {"High German", "New High German", "Deutsch"}, varieties = {"Alsatian German", "American German", "Bavarian German", "Belgian German", "Central German", "DDR German", "East African German", "German German", "Hessian German", "Indiana German", "Liechtenstein German", "Lorraine German", "Luxembourgish German", "Namibian German", "Northern German", "Prussian German", "Silesia German", "South African German", "Southern German", "South Tyrolean German", "Switzerland German", "Texan German"}, } m["dv"] = { aliases = {"Divehi", "Maldivian"}, varieties = {{"Mahal", "Mahl"}}, } m["dz"] = { } m["ee"] = { } m["el"] = { aliases = {"Modern Greek", "Neo-Hellenic"}, } m["en"] = { aliases = {"Modern English", "New English"}, varieties = {"Polari", "Yinglish"}, } m["eo"] = { } m["es"] = { aliases = {"Castilian"}, varieties = {{"Amazonian Spanish", "Amazonic Spanish"}, "Loreto-Ucayali Spanish"}, } m["et"] = { } m["eu"] = { aliases = {"Euskara"}, } m["fa"] = { aliases = {"Farsi", "New Persian", "Modern Persian"}, varieties = {{"Western Persian", "Iranian Persian"}, {"Eastern Persian", "Dari"}, {"Aimaq", "Aimak", "Aymaq", "Eimak"}}, } m["ff"] = { aliases = {"Fulani"}, varieties = {"Adamawa Fulfulde", "Bagirmi Fulfulde", "Borgu Fulfulde", "Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde", "Fulfulde", "Maasina Fulfulde", "Nigerian Fulfulde", "Pular", "Pulaar", "Western Niger Fulfulde"}, -- Maasina, etc are dialects, subsumed into this code; Pular and Pulaar are distinct } m["fi"] = { aliases = {"Suomi"}, } m["fj"] = { } m["fo"] = { aliases = {"Faeroese"}, } m["fr"] = { aliases = {"Modern French"}, varieties = {"African French", "Algerian French", "Alsatian French", "Antilles French", "Atlantic Canadian French", "Belgian French", "Congolese French", "European French", "French French", "Haitian French", "Ivorian French", "Lorraine French", "Louisiana French", "Luxembourgish French", "Malian French", "Marseille French", "Missourian French", "Moroccan French", "Newfoundland French", "North American French", "Picard French", "Provençal French", "Quebec French", "Réunion French", "Rwandan French", "Tunisian French", "West African French"}, } m["fy"] = { aliases = {"Western Frisian"}, } m["ga"] = { aliases = {"Irish Gaelic", "Gaelic"}, -- calling it simply "Gaelic" is rare in Ireland, but relatively common in the Irish diaspora varieties = {{"Cois Fharraige Irish", "Cois Fhairrge Irish"}, {"Connacht Irish", "Connaught Irish"}, "Cork Irish", "Donegal Irish", "Galway Irish", "Kerry Irish", "Mayo Irish", "Munster Irish", "Ulster Irish", "Waterford Irish", "West Muskerry Irish"}, } m["gd"] = { aliases = {"Gaelic", "Gàidhlig", "Scots Gaelic", "Scottish"}, varieties = {"Argyll Gaelic", "Arran Scottish Gaelic", {"Canadian Gaelic", "Canadian Scottish Gaelic", "Cape Breton Gaelic"}, "East Sutherland Gaelic", {"Galwegian Gaelic", "Gallovidian Gaelic", "Gallowegian Gaelic", "Galloway Gaelic"}, "Hebridean Gaelic", "Highland Gaelic"}, } m["gl"] = { } m["gu"] = { } m["gv"] = { aliases = {"Manx Gaelic"}, varieties = {"Northern Manx", "Southern Manx"}, } m["ha"] = { } m["he"] = { aliases = {"Ivrit"}, } m["hi"] = { other_names = {"Hindavi"}, } m["ho"] = { aliases = {"Pidgin Motu", "Police Motu"}, } m["ht"] = { aliases = {"Creole", "Haitian", "Kreyòl"}, } m["hu"] = { aliases = {"Magyar"}, } m["hy"] = { aliases = {"Modern Armenian"}, varieties = {"Eastern Armenian", "Western Armenian"}, } m["hz"] = { } m["ia"] = { } m["id"] = { } m["ie"] = { aliases = {"Occidental"}, } m["ig"] = { } m["ii"] = { aliases = { "Nosu", "Nuosu Yi", "Nosu Yi", "Sichuan Yi", "Northern Yi", "Liangshan Yi", }, } m["ik"] = { aliases = {"Inupiak", "Iñupiaq", "Inupiatun"}, } m["io"] = { } m["is"] = { } m["it"] = { } m["iu"] = { varieties = { "Aivilimmiut", {"Eastern Canadian Inuktitut", "Eastern Canadian Inuit"}, {"Inuinnaq", "Inuinnaqtun"}, {"Inuvialuktun", "Inuvialuk", "Western Canadian Inuktitut", "Western Canadian Inuit", "Western Canadian Inuktun"}, "Kivallirmiut", "Natsilingmiut", "Nunavimmiutit", "Nunatsiavummiut", {"Siglitun", "Siglit"}}, } m["ja"] = { aliases = {"Modern Japanese", "Nipponese", "Nihongo"}, } m["jv"] = { } m["ka"] = { varieties = {{"Judeo-Georgian", "Kivruli", "Gruzinic"}}, } m["kg"] = { aliases = {"Kikongo"}, varieties = {"Koongo", "Laari", "San Salvador Kongo", "Yombe"}, } m["ki"] = { aliases = {"Gikuyu", "Gĩkũyũ"}, } m["kj"] = { aliases = {"Kuanyama", "Oshikwanyama"}, } m["kk"] = { } m["kl"] = { aliases = {"Kalaallisut"}, } m["km"] = { aliases = {"Cambodian", "Central Khmer", "Modern Khmer"}, } m["kn"] = { } m["ko"] = { aliases = {"Modern Korean"}, } m["kr"] = { varieties = {"Kanembu", "Bilma Kanuri", "Central Kanuri", "Manga Kanuri", "Tumari Kanuri"}, } m["ks"] = { aliases = {"Koshur"}, } -- "kv" is treated as "koi", "kpv", see [[WT:LT]] m["kw"] = { } m["ky"] = { aliases = {"Kirghiz", "Kirgiz"}, } m["la"] = { } m["lb"] = { } m["lg"] = { aliases = {"Ganda", "Oluganda"}, } m["li"] = { aliases = {"Limburgan", "Limburgian", "Limburgic"}, } m["ln"] = { aliases = {"Ngala"}, } m["lo"] = { aliases = {"Laotian"}, } m["lt"] = { } m["lu"] = { } m["lv"] = { aliases = {"Lettish", "Lett"}, } m["mg"] = { varieties = { {"Antankarana", "Antankarana Malagasy"}, {"Bara Malagasy", "Bara"}, {"Betsimisaraka Malagasy", "Betsimisaraka"}, {"Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy", "Northern Betsimisaraka"}, {"Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy", "Southern Betsimisaraka"}, {"Bushi", "Shibushi", "Kibushi"}, {"Masikoro Malagasy", "Masikoro"}, "Plateau Malagasy", "Sakalava", {"Tandroy Malagasy", "Tandroy"}, {"Tanosy", "Tanosy Malagasy"}, "Tesaka", {"Tsimihety", "Tsimihety Malagasy"}}, } m["mh"] = { } m["mi"] = { aliases = {"Maori"}, } m["mk"] = { } m["ml"] = { } m["mn"] = { varieties = {"Khalkha Mongolian"}, } -- "mo" is treated as "ro", see [[WT:LT]] m["mr"] = { } m["ms"] = { aliases = {"Malaysian", "Standard Malay"}, } m["mt"] = { } m["my"] = { aliases = {"Myanmar"}, varieties = {"Mandalay Burmese", "Myeik Burmese", "Palaw Burmese", {"Rangoon Burmese", "Yangon Burmese"}, "Yaw Burmese"}, } m["na"] = { aliases = {"Nauru"}, } m["nb"] = { aliases = {"Bokmål"}, } m["nd"] = { aliases = {"North Ndebele"}, } m["ne"] = { aliases = {"Nepalese"}, varieties = {"Palpa"}, -- 3832956, former "plp", retired by ISO as spurious } m["ng"] = { } m["nl"] = { varieties = {"Netherlandic", "Flemish"}, -- FIXME, check this } m["nn"] = { aliases = {"New Norwegian", "Nynorsk"}, } m["no"] = { } m["nr"] = { aliases = {"South Ndebele"}, } m["nv"] = { aliases = {"Navaho", "Diné bizaad"}, } m["ny"] = { aliases = {"Chicheŵa", "Chinyanja", "Nyanja", "Chewa", "Cicewa", "Cewa", "Cinyanja"}, } m["oc"] = { -- don't list varieties here that are in [[Module:etymology languages/data]] } m["oj"] = { aliases = {"Ojibway", "Ojibwa"}, varieties = {{"Chippewa", "Ojibwemowin", "Southwestern Ojibwa"}}, } m["om"] = { varieties = {"Orma", "Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo", "West Central Oromo"}, } m["or"] = { aliases = {"Oriya", "Oorya"}, } m["os"] = { aliases = {"Ossete", "Ossetic"}, varieties = {"Digor", "Iron"}, } m["pa"] = { aliases = {"Panjabi"}, } m["pi"] = { } m["pl"] = { } m["ps"] = { aliases = {"Pashtun", "Pushto", "Pashtu", "Afghani"}, varieties = {"Central Pashto", "Northern Pashto", "Southern Pashto", {"Pukhto", "Pakhto", "Pakkhto"}}, } m["pt"] = { aliases = {"Modern Portuguese"}, } m["qu"] = { } m["rm"] = { aliases = {"Romansch", "Rumantsch", "Romanche"}, -- don't list varieties here that are in [[Module:etymology languages/data]] varieties = {"Sursilvan-Oberland"}, -- extra variety in Glottolog; main varieties have their own etym codes } m["ro"] = { aliases = {"Daco-Romanian", "Roumanian", "Rumanian"}, } m["ru"] = { } m["rw"] = { -- don't list varieties here that are in [[Module:etymology languages/data]] varieties = {{"Ha", "Giha"}, "Hangaza", "Vinza", "Shubi"}, -- Deleted "Subi", which normally refers to a different language } m["sa"] = { } m["sc"] = { -- don't list varieties here that are in [[Module:etymology languages/data]] } m["sd"] = { } m["se"] = { aliases = {"North Sami", "Northern Saami", "North Saami"}, } m["sg"] = { } m["sh"] = { aliases = {"BCS", "Croato-Serbian", "Serbocroatian"}, -- don't list varieties here that are in [[Module:etymology languages/data]] varieties = {"Bosnian", "Croatian", "Montenegrin", "Serbian", "Shtokavian"}, } m["si"] = { aliases = {"Singhalese", "Sinhala"}, } m["sk"] = { } m["sl"] = { aliases = {"Slovenian"}, } m["sm"] = { } m["sn"] = { } m["so"] = { } m["sq"] = { -- don't list varieties here that are in [[Module:etymology languages/data]] } m["ss"] = { aliases = {"Swati"}, } m["st"] = { aliases = {"Sesotho", "Southern Sesotho", "Southern Sotho"}, } m["su"] = { } m["sv"] = { } m["sw"] = { varieties = {{"Settler Swahili", "KiSetla", "KiSettla", "Setla", "Settla", "Kitchen Swahili"}, {"Kihindi", "Indian Swahili"}, {"KiShamba", "Kishamba", "Field Swahili"}, {"Kibabu", "Asian Swahili"}, {"Kimanga", "Arab Swahili"}, {"Kitvita", "Army Swahili"}}, } m["ta"] = { } m["te"] = { } m["tg"] = { aliases = {"Eastern Persian", "Tadjik", "Tadzhik", "Tajiki", "Tajik Persian", "Tajiki Persian"}, } m["th"] = { aliases = {"Central Thai", "Siamese"}, } m["ti"] = { aliases = {"Tigrigna"}, } m["tk"] = { } m["tl"] = { } m["tn"] = { aliases = {"Setswana"}, } m["to"] = { } m["tr"] = { } m["ts"] = { aliases = {"Xitsonga"}, } m["tt"] = { } -- "tw" is treated as "ak", see [[WT:LT]] m["ty"] = { } m["ug"] = { aliases = {"Uigur", "Uighur", "Uygur"}, } m["uk"] = { } m["ur"] = { } m["uz"] = { varieties = {"Northern Uzbek", "Southern Uzbek"}, } m["ve"] = { } m["vi"] = { aliases = {"Annamese", "Annamite"}, } m["vo"] = { } m["wa"] = { varieties = {"Liégeois", "Namurois", "Wallo-Picard", "Wallo-Lorrain"}, } m["wo"] = { varieties = {"Gambian Wolof"}, -- the subsumed dialect 'wof' } m["xh"] = { } m["yi"] = { varieties = {"American Yiddish", "Daytshmerish Yiddish", "Mideastern Yiddish", "Galitzish", {"Northeastern Yiddish", "Litvish", "Lithuanian Yiddish"}, {"Northwestern Yiddish", "Netherlandic Yiddish"}, {"Polish Yiddish", "Poylish"}, "South African Yiddish", {"Southeastern Yiddish", "Ukrainian Yiddish", "Ukrainish"}, {"Southwestern Yiddish", "Judeo-Alsatian"}, "Udmurtish" }, } m["yo"] = { } m["za"] = { -- FIXME, are all of the following distinct? varieties = { "Chongzuo Zhuang", "Guibei Zhuang", "Guibian Zhuang", "Central Hongshuihe Zhuang", "Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang", "Lianshan Zhuang", "Liujiang Zhuang", "Liuqian Zhuang", {"Min Zhuang", "Minz Zhuang"}, "Nong Zhuang", -- see zhn "Qiubei Zhuang", "Shangsi Zhuang", {"Dai Zhuang", "Wenma", "Wenma Thu", "Wenma Zhuang"}, "Yang Zhuang", {"Yongbei Zhuang", "Wuming Zhuang", "Standard Zhuang"}, "Yongnan Zhuang", "Youjiang Zhuang", "Zuojiang Zhuang"}, } m["zh"] = { } m["zu"] = { aliases = {"isiZulu"}, } return m 8dzyaary1ol9c8nzyck3kxai4c2ysq5 3 306849 488119 487680 2026-09-04T22:32:18Z SM7 6218 /* स्वागत */ उत्तर 488119 wikitext text/x-wiki == स्वागत == नमस्कार अजीत जी। आपका विक्षनरी पर बहुत-बहुत स्वागत है। मैंने देखा आप असमिया भाषा के शब्दों पर कार्य कर रहे। चूँकि, असमिया भाषा से संबंधित साँचे और श्रेणियाँ अभी हिंदी विक्षनरी पर उपलब्ध नहीं हैं, यदि आप चाहें और आगे भी इस ओर कार्य करने की इच्छा रखते हों, मैं कुछ आवश्यक साँचे और श्रेणियाँ निर्मित कर सकता हूँ। इस प्रकल्प पर बहुत सक्रियता नहीं है। फिर भी यथासंभव सहायता करने का प्रयास करूँगा। --[[सदस्य:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[सदस्य वार्ता:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} १६:४९, १ सितम्बर २०२६ (IST) :नमस्कार @[[सदस्य:SM7|SM7]] जी! अगर ऐसा हो पाए तो बहुत सुविधा होगी। मैं असमिया-हिंदी कोश पर काम करने का इच्छुक हूँ। यदि मैं व्यवस्थित ढंग से और उचित प्रारूप में संपादन सीख पाया तो विद्यार्थियों को भी सिखाने का प्रयास करूँगा। [[User:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="blue"> '''अजीत कुमार तिवारी'''</font></span>]]^{[[User talk:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<font color="red"> '''वार्ता'''</font>]]} १७:०५, १ सितम्बर २०२६ (IST) ::मैं सबसे पहले कुछ हेड-वर्ड साँचों पर काम करता हूँ। फिर आपको बताता हूँ। --[[सदस्य:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[सदस्य वार्ता:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} १८:३५, १ सितम्बर २०२६ (IST) :::ठीक है। तब तक मैं यथासामर्थ्य शब्द जोड़ने की कोशिश करता हूँ। [[User:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="blue"> '''अजीत कुमार तिवारी'''</font></span>]]^{[[User talk:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<font color="red"> '''वार्ता'''</font>]]} २०:२०, १ सितम्बर २०२६ (IST) ::::मैंने कुछ हेडवर्ड साँचे असमिया के लिये बना दिये हैं जो शायद सर्वाधिक उपयोगी हों, जैसे कि: ::::*{{tl|as-noun}} संज्ञाओं के लिये ::::**{{tl|as-prop}} नामवाचक संज्ञाओं proper noun के लिये ::::**{{tl|as-prpn}} नामवाचक संज्ञाओं proper noun के लिये; इनमें अंतर के लिये इनका अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी पर प्रयोग देख सकते हैं, मैं भी अभी समझने की कोशिस कर रहा ::::*{{tl|as-adj}} विशेषणों के लिये ::::*{{tl|as-verb}} क्रियाओं के लिये ::::इनमें से एकाध का प्रयोग आपने किया भी है। अभी इनके द्वारा जोड़ी जाने वाली श्रेणियाँ थोड़ी गड़बड़ हैं। पर अब असमिया शब्दों को जोड़ने के लिये {{tl|असमिया}} की आवश्यता नहीं है। आप इनके प्रयोग द्वारा आगे का काम जारी रख सकते हैं। --[[सदस्य:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[सदस्य वार्ता:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} ०८:०५, २ सितम्बर २०२६ (IST) :::::[[:श्रेणी:असमिया भाषा]] (जो असमिया संबंधी सभी कामों के लिये एक तरह से प्रवेशद्वार का काम करेगी और इसकी उपश्रेणियाँ: ::::::[[:श्रेणी:असमिया लेम्मा]] - जिसके अंतर्गत संज्ञाओं, विशेषणों और क्रियाओं के लिये उपश्रेणियाँ हैं, विक्षनरी की श्रेणीकरण व्यवस्था अनुसार सक्रिय हो गयी हैं। :::::आप चाहें तो अन्य ऐसे लोगों के लिये, जो असमिया में योगदान करना चाहें, [[विक्षनरी:असमिया प्रविष्टि मार्गदर्शिका]] (इसकी कड़ी श्रेणी पृष्ठ पर दिख रही है) पृष्ठ पर असमिया भाषा के शब्द जोड़ने का तरीका बता सकते हैं। ये सभी साँचे भी हमलोग वहाँ जोड़ सकते हैं कि इन्हें कैसे प्रयोग करना है। :::::अभी भी कुछ चीजें अंग्रेजी में दिख रही हैं जिनका अनुवाद धीरे-धीरे मैं कर दूँगा। अच्छी बात यह कि इन साँचों और श्रेणियों की आदर्श संरचना स्थापित हो गयी है। --[[सदस्य:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[सदस्य वार्ता:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} ०४:०२, ५ सितम्बर २०२६ (IST) ps8au4flpellf9mbycmrjicccr83fd0 488120 488119 2026-09-05T06:03:58Z अजीत कुमार तिवारी 4887 /* स्वागत */ उत्तर 488120 wikitext text/x-wiki == स्वागत == नमस्कार अजीत जी। आपका विक्षनरी पर बहुत-बहुत स्वागत है। मैंने देखा आप असमिया भाषा के शब्दों पर कार्य कर रहे। चूँकि, असमिया भाषा से संबंधित साँचे और श्रेणियाँ अभी हिंदी विक्षनरी पर उपलब्ध नहीं हैं, यदि आप चाहें और आगे भी इस ओर कार्य करने की इच्छा रखते हों, मैं कुछ आवश्यक साँचे और श्रेणियाँ निर्मित कर सकता हूँ। इस प्रकल्प पर बहुत सक्रियता नहीं है। फिर भी यथासंभव सहायता करने का प्रयास करूँगा। --[[सदस्य:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[सदस्य वार्ता:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} १६:४९, १ सितम्बर २०२६ (IST) :नमस्कार @[[सदस्य:SM7|SM7]] जी! अगर ऐसा हो पाए तो बहुत सुविधा होगी। मैं असमिया-हिंदी कोश पर काम करने का इच्छुक हूँ। यदि मैं व्यवस्थित ढंग से और उचित प्रारूप में संपादन सीख पाया तो विद्यार्थियों को भी सिखाने का प्रयास करूँगा। [[User:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="blue"> '''अजीत कुमार तिवारी'''</font></span>]]^{[[User talk:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<font color="red"> '''वार्ता'''</font>]]} १७:०५, १ सितम्बर २०२६ (IST) ::मैं सबसे पहले कुछ हेड-वर्ड साँचों पर काम करता हूँ। फिर आपको बताता हूँ। --[[सदस्य:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[सदस्य वार्ता:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} १८:३५, १ सितम्बर २०२६ (IST) :::ठीक है। तब तक मैं यथासामर्थ्य शब्द जोड़ने की कोशिश करता हूँ। [[User:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="blue"> '''अजीत कुमार तिवारी'''</font></span>]]^{[[User talk:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<font color="red"> '''वार्ता'''</font>]]} २०:२०, १ सितम्बर २०२६ (IST) ::::मैंने कुछ हेडवर्ड साँचे असमिया के लिये बना दिये हैं जो शायद सर्वाधिक उपयोगी हों, जैसे कि: ::::*{{tl|as-noun}} संज्ञाओं के लिये ::::**{{tl|as-prop}} नामवाचक संज्ञाओं proper noun के लिये ::::**{{tl|as-prpn}} नामवाचक संज्ञाओं proper noun के लिये; इनमें अंतर के लिये इनका अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी पर प्रयोग देख सकते हैं, मैं भी अभी समझने की कोशिस कर रहा ::::*{{tl|as-adj}} विशेषणों के लिये ::::*{{tl|as-verb}} क्रियाओं के लिये ::::इनमें से एकाध का प्रयोग आपने किया भी है। अभी इनके द्वारा जोड़ी जाने वाली श्रेणियाँ थोड़ी गड़बड़ हैं। पर अब असमिया शब्दों को जोड़ने के लिये {{tl|असमिया}} की आवश्यता नहीं है। आप इनके प्रयोग द्वारा आगे का काम जारी रख सकते हैं। --[[सदस्य:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[सदस्य वार्ता:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} ०८:०५, २ सितम्बर २०२६ (IST) :::::[[:श्रेणी:असमिया भाषा]] (जो असमिया संबंधी सभी कामों के लिये एक तरह से प्रवेशद्वार का काम करेगी और इसकी उपश्रेणियाँ: ::::::[[:श्रेणी:असमिया लेम्मा]] - जिसके अंतर्गत संज्ञाओं, विशेषणों और क्रियाओं के लिये उपश्रेणियाँ हैं, विक्षनरी की श्रेणीकरण व्यवस्था अनुसार सक्रिय हो गयी हैं। :::::आप चाहें तो अन्य ऐसे लोगों के लिये, जो असमिया में योगदान करना चाहें, [[विक्षनरी:असमिया प्रविष्टि मार्गदर्शिका]] (इसकी कड़ी श्रेणी पृष्ठ पर दिख रही है) पृष्ठ पर असमिया भाषा के शब्द जोड़ने का तरीका बता सकते हैं। ये सभी साँचे भी हमलोग वहाँ जोड़ सकते हैं कि इन्हें कैसे प्रयोग करना है। :::::अभी भी कुछ चीजें अंग्रेजी में दिख रही हैं जिनका अनुवाद धीरे-धीरे मैं कर दूँगा। अच्छी बात यह कि इन साँचों और श्रेणियों की आदर्श संरचना स्थापित हो गयी है। --[[सदस्य:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[सदस्य वार्ता:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--बातचीत--</small>]]} ०४:०२, ५ सितम्बर २०२६ (IST) ::::::बहुत-बहुत धन्यवाद। मार्गदर्शिका का सुझाव अच्छा है। इसे नये सदस्यों को सीखने-सिखाने लायक बनाने की कोशिश करते हैं। [[User:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="blue"> '''अजीत कुमार तिवारी'''</font></span>]]^{[[User talk:अजीत कुमार तिवारी|<font color="red"> '''वार्ता'''</font>]]} ११:३३, ५ सितम्बर २०२६ (IST) nau0gsu5nehfa7aumb84a1wxb5e8jx9 828 306962 488082 487968 2026-09-04T17:41:23Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने अनुप्रेषण छोड़े बिना पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/भाषाएँ]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/languages]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 487968 Scribunto text/plain local new_title = mw.title.new local ucfirst = require("Module:string utilities").ucfirst local split = require("Module:string utilities").split local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local m_languages = require("Module:languages") local m_sc_getByCode = require("Module:scripts").getByCode local m_table = require("Module:table") local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local reverse_ipairs = m_table.reverseIpairs local serial_comma_join = m_table.serialCommaJoin local size = m_table.size local sorted_pairs = m_table.sortedPairs local to_json = require("Module:JSON").toJSON local Hang = m_sc_getByCode("Hang") local Hani = m_sc_getByCode("Hani") local Hira = m_sc_getByCode("Hira") local Hrkt = m_sc_getByCode("Hrkt") local Kana = m_sc_getByCode("Kana") local function track(page) -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/category tree/languages/PAGE]] return require("Module:debug/track")("category tree/languages/" .. page) end -- This handles language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and -- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]; categories like [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]; categories like -- [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]; and categories like -- [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]]. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["सभी भाषाएँ"] = { topright = "{{commonscat|Languages}}\n[[File:Languages world map-transparent background.svg|thumb|right|250px|Rough world map of language families]]", description = "This category contains the categories for every language on Wiktionary.", additional = "Not all languages that Wiktionary recognises may have a category here yet. There are many that have " .. "not yet received any attention from editors, mainly because not all Wiktionary users know about every single " .. "language. See [[Wiktionary:List of languages]] for a full list.", parents = { "मूलभूत श्रेणी", }, } raw_categories["All extinct languages"] = { description = "Categories for every [[extinct language]] on Wiktionary.", additional = "Do not confuse this category with [[:Category:Extinct languages]], which is an umbrella category for the names of extinct languages in specific other languages (e.g. {{m+|de|Langobardisch}} for the ancient [[Lombardic]] language).", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["Unwritten languages"] = { description = "Categories for every [[unwritten]] [[language]] on Wiktionary.", additional = "Do not confuse this category with [[:Category:Unspecified script languages]], which contains categories for languages that may be written but where the appropriate script has not yet been specified in the language data.", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["Languages by country"] = { topright = "{{commonscat|Languages by continent}}", description = "Categories that group languages by country.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "All languages", }, } raw_categories["Languages not sorted into a location category"] = { description = "Languages which do not specify (in their {{tl|auto cat}} call) the location(s) where they are spoken.", additional = "This excludes constructed and reconstructed languages; as a result, all languages in this category explicitly specify their location as {{cd|UNKNOWN}}.", parents = { {name = "Requests"}, }, hidden = true, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Given a category (without the "Category:" prefix), look up the page -- defining the category, find the call to {{auto cat}} (if any), -- and return a table of its arguments. If the category page doesn't exist -- or doesn't have an {{auto cat}} invocation, return nil. -- FIXME: Duplicated in [[Module:category tree/lects]]. local function scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local cat_page = mw.title.new("श्रेणी:" .. cat) if cat_page then local contents = cat_page:getContent() if contents then for template in require("Module:template parser").find_templates(contents) do -- The template parser automatically handles redirects and -- canonicalizes them. if template:get_name() == "auto cat" then return template:get_arguments() end end end end return nil end local function link_location(location) local location_no_the = location:match("^the (.*)$") local bare_location = location_no_the or location local bare_location_parts = split(bare_location, ", ") for i, part in ipairs(bare_location_parts) do bare_location_parts[i] = ("[[%s]]"):format(part) end local location_link = concat(bare_location_parts, ", ") if location_no_the then location_link = "the " .. location_link end return location_link end local function linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local wiktionarylinks = {} local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local wikimediaLanguages = lang:getWikimediaLanguages() local wikipediaArticle = setwiki or lang:getWikipediaArticle(true) setwiki = not wikipediaArticle and "-" setsister = setsister and ucfirst(setsister) or nil if setwikt then track("setwikt") if setwikt == "-" then track("setwikt/hyphen") end end if setwikt ~= "-" and wikimediaLanguages and wikimediaLanguages[1] then for _, wikimedialang in ipairs(wikimediaLanguages) do local check = new_title(wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":") if check and check.isExternal then insert(wiktionarylinks, ( wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() ~= canonicalName and "(''" .. wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() .. "'') " or "" ) .. ( "'''[[:" .. wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":|" .. wikimedialang:getCode() .. ".wiktionary.org]]'''" ) ) end end wiktionarylinks = concat(wiktionarylinks, "<br/>") end local wikt_plural = wikimediaLanguages[2] and "s" or "" if #wiktionarylinks == 0 then wiktionarylinks = "''None.''" end -- Avoid showing Wiktionary links section for reconstructed languages, -- as they are ineligible for Wiktionary editions local wiktionarylinks_chunk = concat{ [=[|- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; width: 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg|35px|none|Wiktionary]] |style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''Wiktionary edition''']=], wikt_plural, [=[ written in ]=], canonicalName, [=[: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], wiktionarylinks, [=[</div> ]=]} if lang:hasType('reconstructed') then wiktionarylinks_chunk = '' end if setsister then track("setsister") if setsister == "-" then track("setsister/hyphen") else setsister = "Category:" .. setsister end else setsister = lang:getCommonsCategory() or "-" end return concat{ -- FIXME: Bare wikicode [=[<div class="wikitable" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width: 300px; padding: 5px;"> <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px">''']=], canonicalName, [=[ language links'''</div> {| style="font-size: 90%" |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|35px|none|Wikipedia]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''English Wikipedia''' has an article on: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setwiki == "-" and "''None.''" or "'''[[w:" .. wikipediaArticle .. "|" .. wikipediaArticle .. "]]'''"), [=[</div> |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|none|Wikimedia Commons]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''Wikimedia Commons''' has links to ]=], canonicalName, [=[-related content in sister projects: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setsister == "-" and "''None.''" or "'''[[commons:" .. setsister .. "|" .. setsister .. "]]'''"), [=[</div> ]=], wiktionarylinks_chunk, [=[ |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Codex icon articles color-placeholder (v2.6).svg|35px|none|Entry]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''Wiktionary entry''' for the language's English name: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">''']=], require("Module:links").full_link({lang = m_languages.getByCode("en"), term = entryname or canonicalName}), [=['''</div> |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px;" | [[File:Codex icon book color-placeholder (v2.6).svg|35px|none|Resources]] || '''Wiktionary resources''' for editors contributing to ]=], canonicalName, [=[ entries: <div style="padding: 5px 0"> * '''[[Wiktionary:]=], canonicalName, [=[ entry guidelines]]''' * '''[[:Category:]=], canonicalName, [=[ reference templates|Reference templates]] ({{PAGESINCAT:]=], canonicalName, [=[ reference templates}})''' * '''[[Appendix:]=], canonicalName, [=[ bibliography|Bibliography]]''' </div> |} </div>]=] } end local function edit_link(title, text) return '<span class="plainlinks">[' .. tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(title, { action = "edit" })) .. ' ' .. text .. ']</span>' end -- Should perhaps use wiki syntax. local function infobox(lang) local ret = {} insert(ret, '<table class="wikitable language-category-info"') local raw_data = lang:getData("extra") if raw_data then local replacements = { [1] = "canonical-name", [2] = "wikidata-item", [3] = "family", [4] = "scripts", } local function replacer(letter1, letter2) return letter1:lower() .. "-" .. letter2:lower() end -- For each key in the language data modules, returns a descriptive -- kebab-case version (containing ASCII lowercase words separated -- by hyphens). local function kebab_case(key) key = replacements[key] or key key = key:gsub("(%l)(%u)", replacer):gsub("(%l)_(%l)", replacer) return key end local compress = {compress = true} local function html_attribute_encode(str) str = to_json(str, compress) :gsub('"', "&quot;") -- & in attributes is automatically escaped. -- :gsub("&", "&amp;") :gsub("<", "&lt;") :gsub(">", "&gt;") return str end insert(ret, ' data-code="' .. lang:getCode() .. '"') for k, v in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do insert(ret, " data-" .. kebab_case(k) .. '="' .. html_attribute_encode(v) .. '"') end end insert(ret, '>\n') insert(ret, '<tr class="language-category-data">\n<th colspan="2">' .. edit_link(lang:getDataModuleName(), "Edit language data") .. "</th>\n</tr>\n") insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>Canonical name</th><td>" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "</td>\n</tr>\n") local otherNames = lang:getOtherNames() if otherNames then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(otherNames) do insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>Other names</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end local aliases = lang:getAliases() if aliases then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(aliases) do insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>Aliases</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end local varieties = lang:getVarieties() if varieties then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(varieties) do if type(name) == "string" then insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") else assert(type(name) == "table") local first_var local subvars = {} for i, var in ipairs(name) do if i == 1 then first_var = var else insert(subvars, "<li>" .. var .. "</li>") end end if #subvars > 0 then insert(names, ( "<li><dl><dt>" .. first_var .. "</dt>\n<dd><ul>" .. concat(subvars, "\n") .. "</ul></dd></dl></li>" ) ) elseif first_var then insert(names, "<li>" .. first_var .. "</li>") end end end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>Varieties</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Languages|Language code]]</th><td><code>" .. lang:getCode() .. "</code></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Families|Language family]]</th>\n") local fam = lang:getFamily() local famCode = fam and fam:getCode() if not fam then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Unassigned languages|unassigned]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Languages of disputed affiliation|disputed affiliation]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Language isolates|language isolate]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Mixed languages|mixed language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Unclassifiable languages|unclassifiable language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "sgn" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Sign languages|sign language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "crp" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Creole or pidgin languages|creole or pidgin]]</td>") elseif famCode == "art" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Constructed languages|constructed language]]</td>") else insert(ret, "<td>" .. fam:makeCategoryLink() .. "</td>") end insert(ret, "\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Ancestors</th>\n<td>") local ancestors = lang:getAncestors() if ancestors[2] then local ancestorList = {} for i, anc in ipairs(ancestors) do ancestorList[i] = "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>" end insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(ancestorList, "\n") .. "</ul>") else local ancestorChain = lang:getAncestorChainOld() if ancestorChain[1] then local chain = {} for _, anc in reverse_ipairs(ancestorChain) do insert(chain, "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>") end insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(chain, "\n<ul>\n") .. ("</ul>"):rep(#chain)) else insert(ret, "unknown") end end insert(ret, "</td>\n</tr>\n") local scripts = lang:getScripts() if scripts[1] then local script_text = {} local function makeScriptLine(sc) local code = sc:getCode() local url = tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl('Special:Search', { search = 'contentmodel:css insource:"' .. code .. '" insource:/\\.' .. code .. '/', ns8 = '1' })) local sc_catlink if code == "Zxxx" then sc_catlink = "[[:Category:Unwritten languages|unwritten]]" else sc_catlink = sc:makeCategoryLink(lang) end return sc_catlink .. ' (<span class="plainlinks" title="Search for stylesheets referencing this script">[' .. url .. ' <code>' .. code .. '</code>]</span>)' end local function add_Hrkt(text) insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hrkt)) insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hira) .. "</li>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Kana) .. "</li>") insert(text, "</ul>") insert(text, "</li>") end for _, sc in ipairs(scripts) do local text = {} local code = sc:getCode() if code == "Hrkt" then add_Hrkt(text) else insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(sc)) if code == "Jpan" then insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>") add_Hrkt(text) insert(text, "</ul>") elseif code == "Kore" then insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hang) .. "</li>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>") insert(text, "</ul>") end insert(text, "</li>") end insert(script_text, concat(text, "\n")) end insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Scripts|Scripts]]</th>\n<td><ul>\n" .. concat(script_text, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n") else insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Scripts|Scripts]]</th>\n<td>not specified</td>\n</tr>\n") end local function add_module_info(raw_data, heading) if raw_data then local scripts = lang:getScriptCodes() local module_info, add = {}, false if type(raw_data) == "string" then insert(module_info, ("[[Module:%s]]"):format(raw_data)) add = true else local raw_data_type = type(raw_data) if raw_data_type == "table" and size(scripts) == 1 and type(raw_data[scripts[1]]) == "string" then insert(module_info, ("[[Module:%s]]"):format(raw_data[scripts[1]])) add = true elseif raw_data_type == "table" then insert(module_info, "<ul>") for script, data in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do if type(data) == "string" and m_sc_getByCode(script) then insert(module_info, ("<li><code>%s</code>: [[Module:%s]]</li>"):format(script, data)) end end insert(module_info, "</ul>") add = size(module_info) > 2 end end if add then insert(ret, [=[ <tr> <th>]=] .. heading .. [=[</th> <td>]=] .. concat(module_info) .. [=[</td> </tr> ]=]) end end end add_module_info(raw_data.generate_forms, "Form-generating<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.translit, "[[Wiktionary:Transliteration and romanization|Transliteration<br>module]]") add_module_info(raw_data.display_text, "Display text<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.entry_name, "Entry name<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.sort_key, "[[sortkey|Sortkey]]<br>module") local wikidataItem = lang:getWikidataItem() if lang:getWikidataItem() and mw.wikibase then local URL = mw.wikibase.getEntityUrl(wikidataItem) local link if URL then link = '[[d:' .. wikidataItem .. '|' .. wikidataItem .. ']]' else link = '<span class="error">Invalid Wikidata item: <code>' .. wikidataItem .. '</code></span>' end insert(ret, "<tr><th>Wikidata</th><td>" .. link .. "</td></tr>") end insert(ret, "</table>") return concat(ret) end local function NavFrame_for_family_tree(content, title) return '<div class="NavFrame"><div class="NavHead">' .. (title or '{{{title}}}') .. '</div>' .. '<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left; font-size: calc(1em / 0.95); padding: 0.3em">' .. content .. '</div></div>' end local function get_description_topright_additional(lang, locations, extinct, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local nameWithLanguage = lang:getCategoryName("nocap") if lang:getCode() == "und" then local description = "This is the main category of the '''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "''', represented in Wiktionary by the [[Wiktionary:Languages|code]] '''" .. lang:getCode() .. "'''. " .. "This language contains terms in historical writing, whose meaning has not yet been determined by scholars." return description, nil, nil end local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local topright = linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local the_prefix if canonicalName:find(" Language$") then the_prefix = "" else the_prefix = "the " end local description = "This is the main category of " .. the_prefix .. "'''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "'''." local location_links = {} local prep local saw_embedded_comma = false for _, location in ipairs(locations) do local this_prep if location == "the world" then this_prep = "across" insert(location_links, location) elseif location ~= "UNKNOWN" then this_prep = "in" if location:find(",") then saw_embedded_comma = true end insert(location_links, link_location(location)) end if this_prep then if prep and this_prep ~= prep then error("Can't handle location 'the world' along with another location (clashing prepositions)") end prep = this_prep end end local location_desc if #location_links > 0 then local location_link_text if saw_embedded_comma and #location_links >= 3 then location_link_text = mw.text.listToText(location_links, "; ", "; and ") else location_link_text = serial_comma_join(location_links) end location_desc = ("It is %s %s %s.\n\n"):format( extinct and "an [[extinct language]] that was formerly spoken" or "spoken", prep, location_link_text ) elseif extinct then location_desc = "It is an [[extinct language]].\n\n" else location_desc = "" end local add = location_desc .. "Information about " .. canonicalName .. ":\n\n" .. infobox(lang) if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. " is a reconstructed language. Its words and roots are not directly attested in any written works, but have been reconstructed through the ''comparative method'', " .. "which finds regular similarities between languages that cannot be explained by coincidence or word-borrowing, and extrapolates ancient forms from these similarities.\n\n" .. "According to our [[Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]], terms in " .. canonicalName .. " should '''not''' be present in entries in the main namespace, but may be added to the Reconstruction: namespace." elseif lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. " is a constructed language that is only in sporadic use. " .. "According to our [[Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]], terms in " .. canonicalName .. " should '''not''' be present in entries in the main namespace, but may be added to the Appendix: namespace. " .. "All terms in this language may be available at [[Appendix:" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. "]]." end local entry_guidelines_page = "Wiktionary:" .. canonicalName .. " entry guidelines" local entry_guidelines = new_title(entry_guidelines_page) if entry_guidelines.exists then add = add .. "\n\n" .. "Please see '''[[" .. entry_guidelines_page .. "]]''' for information and special considerations for creating " .. nameWithLanguage .. " entries." end local ok, tree_of_descendants = pcall( require("Module:family tree").print_children, lang:getCode(), { protolanguage_under_family = true, must_have_descendants = true }) if ok then if tree_of_descendants then add = add .. NavFrame_for_family_tree( tree_of_descendants, "Family tree") else add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(lang:getCanonicalName()) .. " has no descendants or varieties listed in Wiktionary's language data modules." end else mw.log("error while generating tree: " .. tostring(tree_of_descendants)) end return description, topright, add end local function get_parents(lang, locations, extinct) local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local sortkey = {sort_base = canonicalName, lang = "hi"} local ret = {{name = "सभी भाषाएँ", sort = sortkey}} local fam = lang:getFamily() local famCode = fam and fam:getCode() -- FIXME: Some of the following categories should be added to this module. if not fam then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Unassigned languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages of disputed affiliation", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Language isolates", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Mixed languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Unclassifiable languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "sgn" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:All sign languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "crp" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do -- Avoid Haitian Creole being categorised in [[:Category:Haitian Creole-based creole or pidgin languages]], as one of its ancestors is an etymology-only variety of it. -- Use that ancestor's ancestors instead. if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:" .. ucfirst(anc_extra:getFullName()) .. "-based creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) end else insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:" .. ucfirst(anc:getFullName()) .. "-based creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) end end elseif famCode == "art" then if lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Appendix-only constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) else insert(ret, {name = "Category:Constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc_extra:getFullName()) .. "-based constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc:getFullName()) .. "-based constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end end else insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:" .. fam:getCategoryName(), sort = sortkey}) if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then insert(ret, { name = "श्रेणी:Reconstructed languages", sort = {sort_base = canonicalName:gsub("^Proto%-", ""), lang = "en"} }) end end local function add_sc_cat(sc) local catname if sc:getCode() == "Zxxx" then catname = "Unwritten languages" else catname = sc:getCategoryName(false, lang) .. " भाषाएँ" end insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:" .. catname, sort = sortkey}) end local function add_Hrkt() add_sc_cat(Hrkt) add_sc_cat(Hira) add_sc_cat(Kana) end for _, sc in ipairs(lang:getScripts()) do if sc:getCode() == "Hrkt" then add_Hrkt() else add_sc_cat(sc) if sc:getCode() == "Jpan" then add_sc_cat(Hani) add_Hrkt() elseif sc:getCode() == "Kore" then add_sc_cat(Hang) add_sc_cat(Hani) end end end if lang:hasTranslit() then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages with automatic transliteration", sort = sortkey}) end local function insert_location_language_cat(location) local cat = "Languages of " .. location insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. cat, sort = sortkey}) local auto_cat_args = scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local location_parent = auto_cat_args and auto_cat_args.parent if location_parent then local split_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(location_parent) for _, parent in ipairs(split_parents) do parent = parent:match("^(.-):.*$") or parent insert_location_language_cat(parent) end end end local saw_location = false for _, location in ipairs(locations) do if location ~= "UNKNOWN" then saw_location = true insert_location_language_cat(location) end end if extinct then insert(ret, {name = "Category:All extinct languages", sort = sortkey}) end if not saw_location and not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then -- Constructed and reconstructed languages don't need a location specified and often won't have one, -- so don't put them in this maintenance category. insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages not sorted into a location category", sort = sortkey}) end return ret end local function get_children() local ret = {} -- FIXME: We should work on the children mechanism so it isn't necessary to manually specify these. for _, label in ipairs({"appendices", "entry maintenance", "lemmas", "names", "phrases", "rhymes", "symbols", "templates", "terms by etymology", "terms by usage"}) do insert(ret, {name = label, is_label = true}) end insert(ret, {name = "terms derived from {{{langname}}}", is_label = true, lang = false}) insert(ret, {name = "{{{langcode}}}:All topics", sort = "all topics"}) insert(ret, {name = "Varieties of {{{langname}}}"}) insert(ret, {name = "Requests concerning {{{langname}}}"}) insert(ret, {name = "Rhymes:{{{langname}}}", description = "Lists of {{{langname}}} words by their rhymes."}) insert(ret, {name = "User {{{langcode}}}", description = "Wiktionary users categorized by fluency levels in {{{langdisp}}}."}) return ret end -- Handle language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and -- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category = data.category if not (category:find("[Ll]anguage$") or category:find("[Ll]ect$")) then return nil end local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(category) if not lang then local langname = category:match("^(.*) भाषाएँ$") if langname then lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) end if not lang then return nil end end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { [1] = {list = true}, ["setwiki"] = true, ["setwikt"] = true, ["setsister"] = true, ["entryname"] = true, ["extinct"] = {type = "boolean"}, }) -- If called from inside, don't require any arguments, as they can't be known -- in general and aren't needed just to generate the first parent (used for -- breadcrumbs). if #args[1] == 0 and not data.called_from_inside then -- At least one location must be specified unless the language is constructed (e.g. Esperanto) or reconstructed (e.g. Proto-Indo-European). local fam = lang:getFamily() if not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then error("At least one location (param 1=) must be specified for language '" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "' (code '" .. lang:getCode() .. "'). " .. "Use the value UNKNOWN if the language's location is truly unknown.") end end local description, topright, additional = "", "", "" -- If called from inside the category tree system, it's called when generating -- parents or children, and we don't need to generate the description or additional -- text (which is very expensive in terms of memory because it calls [[Module:family tree]], -- which calls [[Module:languages/data/all]]). if not data.called_from_inside then description, topright, additional = get_description_topright_additional( lang, args[1], args.extinct, args.setwiki, args.setwikt, args.setsister, args.entryname ) end return { canonical_name = lang:getCategoryName(), description = description, lang = lang:getCode(), topright = topright, additional = additional, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName(), parents = get_parents(lang, args[1], args.extinct), extra_children = get_children(lang), umbrella = false, can_be_empty = true, }, true end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local location = data.category:match("^Languages of (.*)$") if location then local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { ["flagfile"] = true, ["commonscat"] = true, ["wp"] = true, ["basename"] = true, ["parent"] = true, ["locationcat"] = true, ["locationlink"] = true, }) local topright local basename = args.basename or location:gsub(", .*", "") if args.flagfile ~= "-" then local flagfile_arg = args.flagfile or ("Flag of %s.svg"):format(basename) local files = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(flagfile_arg) local topright_parts = {} for _, file in ipairs(files) do local flagfile = "File:" .. file local flagfile_page = new_title(flagfile) if flagfile_page and flagfile_page.file.exists then insert(topright_parts, ("[[%s|right|100px|border]]"):format(flagfile)) elseif args.flagfile then error(("Explicit flagfile '%s' doesn't exist"):format(flagfile)) end end topright = concat(topright_parts) end if args.wp then local wp = require("Module:yesno")(args.wp, "+") if wp == "+" or wp == true then wp = data.category end if wp then local wp_topright = ("{{wikipedia|%s}}"):format(wp) if topright then topright = topright .. wp_topright else topright = wp_topright end end end if args.commonscat then local commonscat = require("Module:yesno")(args.commonscat, "+") if commonscat == "+" or commonscat == true then commonscat = data.category end if commonscat then local commons_topright = ("{{commonscat|%s}}"):format(commonscat) if topright then topright = topright .. commons_topright else topright = commons_topright end end end local bare_location = location:match("^the (.*)$") or location local location_link = args.locationlink or link_location(location) local bare_basename = basename:match("^the (.*)$") or basename local parents = {} if args.parent then local explicit_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.parent) for i, parent in ipairs(explicit_parents) do local actual_parent, sort_key = parent:match("^(.-):(.*)$") if actual_parent then parent = actual_parent sort_key = sort_key:gsub("%+", bare_location) else sort_key = " " .. bare_location end insert(parents, {name = "Languages of " .. parent, sort = sort_key}) end else insert(parents, {name = "Languages by country", sort = {sort_base = bare_location, lang = "en"}}) end if args.locationcat then local explicit_location_cats = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.locationcat) for i, locationcat in ipairs(explicit_location_cats) do insert(parents, {name = "श्रेणी:" .. locationcat, sort = " भाषाएँ"}) end else local location_cat = ("श्रेणी:%s"):format(bare_location) local location_page = new_title(location_cat) if location_page and location_page.exists then insert(parents, {name = location_cat, sort = "भाषाएँ"}) end end local description = ("Categories for languages of %s (including sublects)."):format(location_link) return { topright = topright, description = description, parents = parents, breadcrumb = bare_basename, additional = "{{{umbrella_msg}}}", }, true end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("(.*)%-based creole or pidgin languages$") if langname then local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Languages which developed as a [[creole]] or [[pidgin]] from " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {{name = "Creole or pidgin languages", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "en"}}}, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName() .. "-based", } end end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("(.*)%-based constructed languages$") if langname then local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Constructed languages which are based on " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {{name = "Constructed languages", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "en"}}}, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName() .. "-based", } end end end) return { RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } rm4prj1lvd8ge3sqgm3qaneoqnennue 488084 488082 2026-09-04T18:00:58Z SM7 6218 localization... 488084 Scribunto text/plain local new_title = mw.title.new local ucfirst = require("Module:string utilities").ucfirst local split = require("Module:string utilities").split local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local m_languages = require("Module:languages") local m_sc_getByCode = require("Module:scripts").getByCode local m_table = require("Module:table") local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local reverse_ipairs = m_table.reverseIpairs local serial_comma_join = m_table.serialCommaJoin local size = m_table.size local sorted_pairs = m_table.sortedPairs local to_json = require("Module:JSON").toJSON local Hang = m_sc_getByCode("Hang") local Hani = m_sc_getByCode("Hani") local Hira = m_sc_getByCode("Hira") local Hrkt = m_sc_getByCode("Hrkt") local Kana = m_sc_getByCode("Kana") local function track(page) -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/category tree/languages/PAGE]] return require("Module:debug/track")("category tree/languages/" .. page) end -- This handles language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and -- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]; categories like [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]; categories like -- [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]; and categories like -- [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]]. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["सभी भाषाएँ"] = { topright = "{{commonscat|Languages}}\n[[File:Languages world map-transparent background.svg|thumb|right|250px|Rough world map of language families]]", description = "This category contains the categories for every language on Wiktionary.", additional = "Not all languages that Wiktionary recognises may have a category here yet. There are many that have " .. "not yet received any attention from editors, mainly because not all Wiktionary users know about every single " .. "language. See [[Wiktionary:List of languages]] for a full list.", parents = { "मूलभूत श्रेणी", }, } raw_categories["सभी विलुप्त भाषाएँ"] = { description = "Categories for every [[extinct language]] on Wiktionary.", additional = "Do not confuse this category with [[:Category:Extinct languages]], which is an umbrella category for the names of extinct languages in specific other languages (e.g. {{m+|de|Langobardisch}} for the ancient [[Lombardic]] language).", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["अलिखित भाषाएँ"] = { description = "Categories for every [[unwritten]] [[language]] on Wiktionary.", additional = "Do not confuse this category with [[:Category:Unspecified script languages]], which contains categories for languages that may be written but where the appropriate script has not yet been specified in the language data.", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["भाषाएँ देश अनुसार"] = { topright = "{{commonscat|Languages by continent}}", description = "Categories that group languages by country.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["Languages not sorted into a location category"] = { description = "Languages which do not specify (in their {{tl|auto cat}} call) the location(s) where they are spoken.", additional = "This excludes constructed and reconstructed languages; as a result, all languages in this category explicitly specify their location as {{cd|UNKNOWN}}.", parents = { {name = "Requests"}, }, hidden = true, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Given a category (without the "Category:" prefix), look up the page -- defining the category, find the call to {{auto cat}} (if any), -- and return a table of its arguments. If the category page doesn't exist -- or doesn't have an {{auto cat}} invocation, return nil. -- FIXME: Duplicated in [[Module:category tree/lects]]. local function scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local cat_page = mw.title.new("श्रेणी:" .. cat) if cat_page then local contents = cat_page:getContent() if contents then for template in require("Module:template parser").find_templates(contents) do -- The template parser automatically handles redirects and -- canonicalizes them. if template:get_name() == "auto cat" then return template:get_arguments() end end end end return nil end local function link_location(location) local location_no_the = location:match("^the (.*)$") local bare_location = location_no_the or location local bare_location_parts = split(bare_location, ", ") for i, part in ipairs(bare_location_parts) do bare_location_parts[i] = ("[[%s]]"):format(part) end local location_link = concat(bare_location_parts, ", ") if location_no_the then location_link = "the " .. location_link end return location_link end local function linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local wiktionarylinks = {} local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local wikimediaLanguages = lang:getWikimediaLanguages() local wikipediaArticle = setwiki or lang:getWikipediaArticle(true) setwiki = not wikipediaArticle and "-" setsister = setsister and ucfirst(setsister) or nil if setwikt then track("setwikt") if setwikt == "-" then track("setwikt/hyphen") end end if setwikt ~= "-" and wikimediaLanguages and wikimediaLanguages[1] then for _, wikimedialang in ipairs(wikimediaLanguages) do local check = new_title(wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":") if check and check.isExternal then insert(wiktionarylinks, ( wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() ~= canonicalName and "(''" .. wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() .. "'') " or "" ) .. ( "'''[[:" .. wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":|" .. wikimedialang:getCode() .. ".wiktionary.org]]'''" ) ) end end wiktionarylinks = concat(wiktionarylinks, "<br/>") end local wikt_plural = wikimediaLanguages[2] and "s" or "" if #wiktionarylinks == 0 then wiktionarylinks = "''None.''" end -- Avoid showing Wiktionary links section for reconstructed languages, -- as they are ineligible for Wiktionary editions local wiktionarylinks_chunk = concat{ [=[|- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; width: 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg|35px|none|Wiktionary]] |style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''Wiktionary edition''']=], wikt_plural, [=[ written in ]=], canonicalName, [=[: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], wiktionarylinks, [=[</div> ]=]} if lang:hasType('reconstructed') then wiktionarylinks_chunk = '' end if setsister then track("setsister") if setsister == "-" then track("setsister/hyphen") else setsister = "Category:" .. setsister end else setsister = lang:getCommonsCategory() or "-" end return concat{ -- FIXME: Bare wikicode [=[<div class="wikitable" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width: 300px; padding: 5px;"> <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px">''']=], canonicalName, [=[ language links'''</div> {| style="font-size: 90%" |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|35px|none|Wikipedia]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''English Wikipedia''' has an article on: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setwiki == "-" and "''None.''" or "'''[[w:" .. wikipediaArticle .. "|" .. wikipediaArticle .. "]]'''"), [=[</div> |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|none|Wikimedia Commons]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''Wikimedia Commons''' has links to ]=], canonicalName, [=[-related content in sister projects: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setsister == "-" and "''None.''" or "'''[[commons:" .. setsister .. "|" .. setsister .. "]]'''"), [=[</div> ]=], wiktionarylinks_chunk, [=[ |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Codex icon articles color-placeholder (v2.6).svg|35px|none|Entry]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''Wiktionary entry''' for the language's English name: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">''']=], require("Module:links").full_link({lang = m_languages.getByCode("en"), term = entryname or canonicalName}), [=['''</div> |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px;" | [[File:Codex icon book color-placeholder (v2.6).svg|35px|none|Resources]] || '''Wiktionary resources''' for editors contributing to ]=], canonicalName, [=[ entries: <div style="padding: 5px 0"> * '''[[Wiktionary:]=], canonicalName, [=[ entry guidelines]]''' * '''[[:Category:]=], canonicalName, [=[ reference templates|Reference templates]] ({{PAGESINCAT:]=], canonicalName, [=[ reference templates}})''' * '''[[Appendix:]=], canonicalName, [=[ bibliography|Bibliography]]''' </div> |} </div>]=] } end local function edit_link(title, text) return '<span class="plainlinks">[' .. tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(title, { action = "edit" })) .. ' ' .. text .. ']</span>' end -- Should perhaps use wiki syntax. local function infobox(lang) local ret = {} insert(ret, '<table class="wikitable language-category-info"') local raw_data = lang:getData("extra") if raw_data then local replacements = { [1] = "canonical-name", [2] = "wikidata-item", [3] = "family", [4] = "scripts", } local function replacer(letter1, letter2) return letter1:lower() .. "-" .. letter2:lower() end -- For each key in the language data modules, returns a descriptive -- kebab-case version (containing ASCII lowercase words separated -- by hyphens). local function kebab_case(key) key = replacements[key] or key key = key:gsub("(%l)(%u)", replacer):gsub("(%l)_(%l)", replacer) return key end local compress = {compress = true} local function html_attribute_encode(str) str = to_json(str, compress) :gsub('"', "&quot;") -- & in attributes is automatically escaped. -- :gsub("&", "&amp;") :gsub("<", "&lt;") :gsub(">", "&gt;") return str end insert(ret, ' data-code="' .. lang:getCode() .. '"') for k, v in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do insert(ret, " data-" .. kebab_case(k) .. '="' .. html_attribute_encode(v) .. '"') end end insert(ret, '>\n') insert(ret, '<tr class="language-category-data">\n<th colspan="2">' .. edit_link(lang:getDataModuleName(), "Edit language data") .. "</th>\n</tr>\n") insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>Canonical name</th><td>" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "</td>\n</tr>\n") local otherNames = lang:getOtherNames() if otherNames then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(otherNames) do insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>Other names</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end local aliases = lang:getAliases() if aliases then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(aliases) do insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>Aliases</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end local varieties = lang:getVarieties() if varieties then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(varieties) do if type(name) == "string" then insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") else assert(type(name) == "table") local first_var local subvars = {} for i, var in ipairs(name) do if i == 1 then first_var = var else insert(subvars, "<li>" .. var .. "</li>") end end if #subvars > 0 then insert(names, ( "<li><dl><dt>" .. first_var .. "</dt>\n<dd><ul>" .. concat(subvars, "\n") .. "</ul></dd></dl></li>" ) ) elseif first_var then insert(names, "<li>" .. first_var .. "</li>") end end end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>Varieties</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Languages|Language code]]</th><td><code>" .. lang:getCode() .. "</code></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Families|Language family]]</th>\n") local fam = lang:getFamily() local famCode = fam and fam:getCode() if not fam then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Unassigned languages|unassigned]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Languages of disputed affiliation|disputed affiliation]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Language isolates|language isolate]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Mixed languages|mixed language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Unclassifiable languages|unclassifiable language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "sgn" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Sign languages|sign language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "crp" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Creole or pidgin languages|creole or pidgin]]</td>") elseif famCode == "art" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Constructed languages|constructed language]]</td>") else insert(ret, "<td>" .. fam:makeCategoryLink() .. "</td>") end insert(ret, "\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Ancestors</th>\n<td>") local ancestors = lang:getAncestors() if ancestors[2] then local ancestorList = {} for i, anc in ipairs(ancestors) do ancestorList[i] = "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>" end insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(ancestorList, "\n") .. "</ul>") else local ancestorChain = lang:getAncestorChainOld() if ancestorChain[1] then local chain = {} for _, anc in reverse_ipairs(ancestorChain) do insert(chain, "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>") end insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(chain, "\n<ul>\n") .. ("</ul>"):rep(#chain)) else insert(ret, "unknown") end end insert(ret, "</td>\n</tr>\n") local scripts = lang:getScripts() if scripts[1] then local script_text = {} local function makeScriptLine(sc) local code = sc:getCode() local url = tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl('Special:Search', { search = 'contentmodel:css insource:"' .. code .. '" insource:/\\.' .. code .. '/', ns8 = '1' })) local sc_catlink if code == "Zxxx" then sc_catlink = "[[:Category:Unwritten languages|unwritten]]" else sc_catlink = sc:makeCategoryLink(lang) end return sc_catlink .. ' (<span class="plainlinks" title="Search for stylesheets referencing this script">[' .. url .. ' <code>' .. code .. '</code>]</span>)' end local function add_Hrkt(text) insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hrkt)) insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hira) .. "</li>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Kana) .. "</li>") insert(text, "</ul>") insert(text, "</li>") end for _, sc in ipairs(scripts) do local text = {} local code = sc:getCode() if code == "Hrkt" then add_Hrkt(text) else insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(sc)) if code == "Jpan" then insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>") add_Hrkt(text) insert(text, "</ul>") elseif code == "Kore" then insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hang) .. "</li>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>") insert(text, "</ul>") end insert(text, "</li>") end insert(script_text, concat(text, "\n")) end insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Scripts|Scripts]]</th>\n<td><ul>\n" .. concat(script_text, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n") else insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Scripts|Scripts]]</th>\n<td>not specified</td>\n</tr>\n") end local function add_module_info(raw_data, heading) if raw_data then local scripts = lang:getScriptCodes() local module_info, add = {}, false if type(raw_data) == "string" then insert(module_info, ("[[मॉड्यूल:%s]]"):format(raw_data)) add = true else local raw_data_type = type(raw_data) if raw_data_type == "table" and size(scripts) == 1 and type(raw_data[scripts[1]]) == "string" then insert(module_info, ("[[मॉड्यूल:%s]]"):format(raw_data[scripts[1]])) add = true elseif raw_data_type == "table" then insert(module_info, "<ul>") for script, data in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do if type(data) == "string" and m_sc_getByCode(script) then insert(module_info, ("<li><code>%s</code>: [[मॉड्यूल:%s]]</li>"):format(script, data)) end end insert(module_info, "</ul>") add = size(module_info) > 2 end end if add then insert(ret, [=[ <tr> <th>]=] .. heading .. [=[</th> <td>]=] .. concat(module_info) .. [=[</td> </tr> ]=]) end end end add_module_info(raw_data.generate_forms, "Form-generating<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.translit, "[[Wiktionary:Transliteration and romanization|Transliteration<br>module]]") add_module_info(raw_data.display_text, "Display text<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.entry_name, "Entry name<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.sort_key, "[[sortkey|Sortkey]]<br>module") local wikidataItem = lang:getWikidataItem() if lang:getWikidataItem() and mw.wikibase then local URL = mw.wikibase.getEntityUrl(wikidataItem) local link if URL then link = '[[d:' .. wikidataItem .. '|' .. wikidataItem .. ']]' else link = '<span class="error">Invalid Wikidata item: <code>' .. wikidataItem .. '</code></span>' end insert(ret, "<tr><th>Wikidata</th><td>" .. link .. "</td></tr>") end insert(ret, "</table>") return concat(ret) end local function NavFrame_for_family_tree(content, title) return '<div class="NavFrame"><div class="NavHead">' .. (title or '{{{title}}}') .. '</div>' .. '<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left; font-size: calc(1em / 0.95); padding: 0.3em">' .. content .. '</div></div>' end local function get_description_topright_additional(lang, locations, extinct, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local nameWithLanguage = lang:getCategoryName("nocap") if lang:getCode() == "und" then local description = "This is the main category of the '''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "''', represented in Wiktionary by the [[Wiktionary:Languages|code]] '''" .. lang:getCode() .. "'''. " .. "This language contains terms in historical writing, whose meaning has not yet been determined by scholars." return description, nil, nil end local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local topright = linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local the_prefix if canonicalName:find(" Language$") then the_prefix = "" else the_prefix = "the " end local description = "This is the main category of " .. the_prefix .. "'''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "'''." local location_links = {} local prep local saw_embedded_comma = false for _, location in ipairs(locations) do local this_prep if location == "the world" then this_prep = "across" insert(location_links, location) elseif location ~= "UNKNOWN" then this_prep = "" if location:find(",") then saw_embedded_comma = true end insert(location_links, link_location(location)) end if this_prep then if prep and this_prep ~= prep then error("Can't handle location 'the world' along with another location (clashing prepositions)") end prep = this_prep end end local location_desc if #location_links > 0 then local location_link_text if saw_embedded_comma and #location_links >= 3 then location_link_text = mw.text.listToText(location_links, "; ", "; and ") else location_link_text = serial_comma_join(location_links) end location_desc = ("It is %s %s %s.\n\n"):format( extinct and "an [[extinct language]] that was formerly spoken" or "spoken", prep, location_link_text ) elseif extinct then location_desc = "It is an [[extinct language]].\n\n" else location_desc = "" end local add = location_desc .. "Information about " .. canonicalName .. ":\n\n" .. infobox(lang) if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. " is a reconstructed language. Its words and roots are not directly attested in any written works, but have been reconstructed through the ''comparative method'', " .. "which finds regular similarities between languages that cannot be explained by coincidence or word-borrowing, and extrapolates ancient forms from these similarities.\n\n" .. "According to our [[Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]], terms in " .. canonicalName .. " should '''not''' be present in entries in the main namespace, but may be added to the Reconstruction: namespace." elseif lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. " is a constructed language that is only in sporadic use. " .. "According to our [[Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]], terms in " .. canonicalName .. " should '''not''' be present in entries in the main namespace, but may be added to the Appendix: namespace. " .. "All terms in this language may be available at [[Appendix:" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. "]]." end local entry_guidelines_page = "Wiktionary:" .. canonicalName .. " entry guidelines" local entry_guidelines = new_title(entry_guidelines_page) if entry_guidelines.exists then add = add .. "\n\n" .. "Please see '''[[" .. entry_guidelines_page .. "]]''' for information and special considerations for creating " .. nameWithLanguage .. " entries." end local ok, tree_of_descendants = pcall( require("Module:family tree").print_children, lang:getCode(), { protolanguage_under_family = true, must_have_descendants = true }) if ok then if tree_of_descendants then add = add .. NavFrame_for_family_tree( tree_of_descendants, "Family tree") else add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(lang:getCanonicalName()) .. " has no descendants or varieties listed in Wiktionary's language data modules." end else mw.log("error while generating tree: " .. tostring(tree_of_descendants)) end return description, topright, add end local function get_parents(lang, locations, extinct) local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local sortkey = {sort_base = canonicalName, lang = "hi"} local ret = {{name = "सभी भाषाएँ", sort = sortkey}} local fam = lang:getFamily() local famCode = fam and fam:getCode() -- FIXME: Some of the following categories should be added to this module. if not fam then insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:Unassigned languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:Languages of disputed affiliation", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:Language isolates", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:Mixed languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:Unclassifiable languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "sgn" then insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:All sign languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "crp" then insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:Creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do -- Avoid Haitian Creole being categorised in [[:Category:Haitian Creole-based creole or pidgin languages]], as one of its ancestors is an etymology-only variety of it. -- Use that ancestor's ancestors instead. if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:" .. ucfirst(anc_extra:getFullName()) .. "-based creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) end else insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:" .. ucfirst(anc:getFullName()) .. "-based creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) end end elseif famCode == "art" then if lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:Appendix-only constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) else insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:Constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:" .. ucfirst(anc_extra:getFullName()) .. "-based constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end else insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:" .. ucfirst(anc:getFullName()) .. "-based constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end end else insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:" .. fam:getCategoryName(), sort = sortkey}) if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then insert(ret, { name = "श्रेणी:Reconstructed languages", sort = {sort_base = canonicalName:gsub("^Proto%-", ""), lang = "hi"} }) end end local function add_sc_cat(sc) local catname if sc:getCode() == "Zxxx" then catname = "Unwritten languages" else catname = sc:getCategoryName(false, lang) .. " भाषाएँ" end insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:" .. catname, sort = sortkey}) end local function add_Hrkt() add_sc_cat(Hrkt) add_sc_cat(Hira) add_sc_cat(Kana) end for _, sc in ipairs(lang:getScripts()) do if sc:getCode() == "Hrkt" then add_Hrkt() else add_sc_cat(sc) if sc:getCode() == "Jpan" then add_sc_cat(Hani) add_Hrkt() elseif sc:getCode() == "Kore" then add_sc_cat(Hang) add_sc_cat(Hani) end end end if lang:hasTranslit() then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages with automatic transliteration", sort = sortkey}) end local function insert_location_language_cat(location) local cat = "Languages of " .. location insert(ret, {name = "श्रेणी:" .. cat, sort = sortkey}) local auto_cat_args = scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local location_parent = auto_cat_args and auto_cat_args.parent if location_parent then local split_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(location_parent) for _, parent in ipairs(split_parents) do parent = parent:match("^(.-):.*$") or parent insert_location_language_cat(parent) end end end local saw_location = false for _, location in ipairs(locations) do if location ~= "UNKNOWN" then saw_location = true insert_location_language_cat(location) end end if extinct then insert(ret, {name = "Category:All extinct languages", sort = sortkey}) end if not saw_location and not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then -- Constructed and reconstructed languages don't need a location specified and often won't have one, -- so don't put them in this maintenance category. insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages not sorted into a location category", sort = sortkey}) end return ret end local function get_children() local ret = {} -- FIXME: We should work on the children mechanism so it isn't necessary to manually specify these. for _, label in ipairs({"appendices", "entry maintenance", "lemmas", "names", "phrases", "rhymes", "symbols", "templates", "terms by etymology", "terms by usage"}) do insert(ret, {name = label, is_label = true}) end insert(ret, {name = "terms derived from {{{langname}}}", is_label = true, lang = false}) insert(ret, {name = "{{{langcode}}}:All topics", sort = "all topics"}) insert(ret, {name = "Varieties of {{{langname}}}"}) insert(ret, {name = "Requests concerning {{{langname}}}"}) insert(ret, {name = "Rhymes:{{{langname}}}", description = "Lists of {{{langname}}} words by their rhymes."}) insert(ret, {name = "User {{{langcode}}}", description = "Wiktionary users categorized by fluency levels in {{{langdisp}}}."}) return ret end -- Handle language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and -- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category = data.category if not (category:find("[Ll]anguage$") or category:find("[Ll]ect$")) then return nil end local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(category) if not lang then local langname = category:match("^(.*) भाषा$") if langname then lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) end if not lang then return nil end end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { [1] = {list = true}, ["setwiki"] = true, ["setwikt"] = true, ["setsister"] = true, ["entryname"] = true, ["extinct"] = {type = "boolean"}, }) -- If called from inside, don't require any arguments, as they can't be known -- in general and aren't needed just to generate the first parent (used for -- breadcrumbs). if #args[1] == 0 and not data.called_from_inside then -- At least one location must be specified unless the language is constructed (e.g. Esperanto) or reconstructed (e.g. Proto-Indo-European). local fam = lang:getFamily() if not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then error("At least one location (param 1=) must be specified for language '" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "' (code '" .. lang:getCode() .. "'). " .. "Use the value UNKNOWN if the language's location is truly unknown.") end end local description, topright, additional = "", "", "" -- If called from inside the category tree system, it's called when generating -- parents or children, and we don't need to generate the description or additional -- text (which is very expensive in terms of memory because it calls [[Module:family tree]], -- which calls [[Module:languages/data/all]]). if not data.called_from_inside then description, topright, additional = get_description_topright_additional( lang, args[1], args.extinct, args.setwiki, args.setwikt, args.setsister, args.entryname ) end return { canonical_name = lang:getCategoryName(), description = description, lang = lang:getCode(), topright = topright, additional = additional, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName(), parents = get_parents(lang, args[1], args.extinct), extra_children = get_children(lang), umbrella = false, can_be_empty = true, }, true end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local location = data.category:match("^Languages of (.*)$") if location then local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { ["flagfile"] = true, ["commonscat"] = true, ["wp"] = true, ["basename"] = true, ["parent"] = true, ["locationcat"] = true, ["locationlink"] = true, }) local topright local basename = args.basename or location:gsub(", .*", "") if args.flagfile ~= "-" then local flagfile_arg = args.flagfile or ("Flag of %s.svg"):format(basename) local files = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(flagfile_arg) local topright_parts = {} for _, file in ipairs(files) do local flagfile = "File:" .. file local flagfile_page = new_title(flagfile) if flagfile_page and flagfile_page.file.exists then insert(topright_parts, ("[[%s|right|100px|border]]"):format(flagfile)) elseif args.flagfile then error(("Explicit flagfile '%s' doesn't exist"):format(flagfile)) end end topright = concat(topright_parts) end if args.wp then local wp = require("Module:yesno")(args.wp, "+") if wp == "+" or wp == true then wp = data.category end if wp then local wp_topright = ("{{wikipedia|%s}}"):format(wp) if topright then topright = topright .. wp_topright else topright = wp_topright end end end if args.commonscat then local commonscat = require("Module:yesno")(args.commonscat, "+") if commonscat == "+" or commonscat == true then commonscat = data.category end if commonscat then local commons_topright = ("{{commonscat|%s}}"):format(commonscat) if topright then topright = topright .. commons_topright else topright = commons_topright end end end local bare_location = location:match("^the (.*)$") or location local location_link = args.locationlink or link_location(location) local bare_basename = basename:match("^the (.*)$") or basename local parents = {} if args.parent then local explicit_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.parent) for i, parent in ipairs(explicit_parents) do local actual_parent, sort_key = parent:match("^(.-):(.*)$") if actual_parent then parent = actual_parent sort_key = sort_key:gsub("%+", bare_location) else sort_key = " " .. bare_location end insert(parents, {name = "Languages of " .. parent, sort = sort_key}) end else insert(parents, {name = "Languages by country", sort = {sort_base = bare_location, lang = "en"}}) end if args.locationcat then local explicit_location_cats = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.locationcat) for i, locationcat in ipairs(explicit_location_cats) do insert(parents, {name = "श्रेणी:" .. locationcat, sort = " भाषाएँ"}) end else local location_cat = ("श्रेणी:%s"):format(bare_location) local location_page = new_title(location_cat) if location_page and location_page.exists then insert(parents, {name = location_cat, sort = "भाषाएँ"}) end end local description = ("Categories for languages of %s (including sublects)."):format(location_link) return { topright = topright, description = description, parents = parents, breadcrumb = bare_basename, additional = "{{{umbrella_msg}}}", }, true end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("(.*)%-based creole or pidgin languages$") if langname then local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Languages which developed as a [[creole]] or [[pidgin]] from " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {{name = "Creole or pidgin languages", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "en"}}}, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName() .. "-based", } end end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("(.*)%-based constructed languages$") if langname then local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Constructed languages which are based on " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {{name = "Constructed languages", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "en"}}}, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName() .. "-based", } end end end) return { RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } i6ajh02kbdmdw5mr56c8y0vsadvtyw1 488097 488084 2026-09-04T20:11:39Z SM7 6218 improvised with code on bnwikt (hmmm... so far, its working at least) 488097 Scribunto text/plain local new_title = mw.title.new local ucfirst = require("Module:string utilities").ucfirst local split = require("Module:string utilities").split local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local m_languages = require("Module:languages") local m_sc_getByCode = require("Module:scripts").getByCode local m_table = require("Module:table") local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local reverse_ipairs = m_table.reverseIpairs local serial_comma_join = m_table.serialCommaJoin local size = m_table.size local sorted_pairs = m_table.sortedPairs local to_json = require("Module:JSON").toJSON local Hang = m_sc_getByCode("Hang") local Hani = m_sc_getByCode("Hani") local Hira = m_sc_getByCode("Hira") local Hrkt = m_sc_getByCode("Hrkt") local Kana = m_sc_getByCode("Kana") local function track(page) -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/category tree/languages/PAGE]] return require("Module:debug/track")("category tree/languages/" .. page) end -- This handles language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and -- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]; categories like [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]; categories like -- [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]; and categories like -- [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]]. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["सभी भाषाएँ"] = { topright = "{{commonscat|Languages}}\n[[File:Languages world map-transparent background.svg|thumb|right|250px|Rough world map of language families]]", description = "This category contains the categories for every language on Wiktionary.", additional = "Not all languages that Wiktionary recognises may have a category here yet. There are many that have " .. "not yet received any attention from editors, mainly because not all Wiktionary users know about every single " .. "language. See [[Wiktionary:List of languages]] for a full list.", parents = { "मूलभूत श्रेणी", }, } raw_categories["सभी विलुप्त भाषाएँ"] = { description = "Categories for every [[extinct language]] on Wiktionary.", additional = "Do not confuse this category with [[:Category:Extinct languages]], which is an umbrella category for the names of extinct languages in specific other languages (e.g. {{m+|de|Langobardisch}} for the ancient [[Lombardic]] language).", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["अलिखित भाषाएँ"] = { description = "Categories for every [[unwritten]] [[language]] on Wiktionary.", additional = "Do not confuse this category with [[:Category:Unspecified script languages]], which contains categories for languages that may be written but where the appropriate script has not yet been specified in the language data.", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["भाषाएँ देश अनुसार"] = { topright = "{{commonscat|Languages by continent}}", description = "Categories that group languages by country.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["Languages not sorted into a location category"] = { description = "Languages which do not specify (in their {{tl|auto cat}} call) the location(s) where they are spoken.", additional = "This excludes constructed and reconstructed languages; as a result, all languages in this category explicitly specify their location as {{cd|UNKNOWN}}.", parents = { {name = "Requests"}, }, hidden = true, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Given a category (without the "Category:" prefix), look up the page -- defining the category, find the call to {{auto cat}} (if any), -- and return a table of its arguments. If the category page doesn't exist -- or doesn't have an {{auto cat}} invocation, return nil. -- FIXME: Duplicated in [[Module:category tree/lects]]. local function scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local cat_page = mw.title.new("Category:" .. cat) if cat_page then local contents = cat_page:getContent() if contents then for template in require("Module:template parser").find_templates(contents) do -- The template parser automatically handles redirects and -- canonicalizes them. if template:get_name() == "auto cat" then return template:get_arguments() end end end end return nil end local function link_location(location) local location_no_the = location:match("^the (.*)$") local bare_location = location_no_the or location local bare_location_parts = split(bare_location, ", ") for i, part in ipairs(bare_location_parts) do bare_location_parts[i] = ("[[%s]]"):format(part) end local location_link = concat(bare_location_parts, ", ") if location_no_the then location_link = "the " .. location_link end return location_link end local function linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local wiktionarylinks = {} local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local wikimediaLanguages = lang:getWikimediaLanguages() local wikipediaArticle = setwiki or lang:getWikipediaArticle(true) setwiki = not wikipediaArticle and "-" setsister = setsister and ucfirst(setsister) or nil if setwikt then track("setwikt") if setwikt == "-" then track("setwikt/hyphen") end end if setwikt ~= "-" and wikimediaLanguages and wikimediaLanguages[1] then for _, wikimedialang in ipairs(wikimediaLanguages) do local check = new_title(wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":") if check and check.isExternal then insert(wiktionarylinks, ( wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() ~= canonicalName and "(''" .. wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() .. "'') " or "" ) .. ( "'''[[:" .. wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":|" .. wikimedialang:getCode() .. ".wiktionary.org]]'''" ) ) end end wiktionarylinks = concat(wiktionarylinks, "<br/>") end local wikt_plural = wikimediaLanguages[2] and "s" or "" if #wiktionarylinks == 0 then wiktionarylinks = "''None.''" end -- Avoid showing Wiktionary links section for reconstructed languages, -- as they are ineligible for Wiktionary editions local wiktionarylinks_chunk = concat{ [=[|- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; width: 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg|35px|none|Wiktionary]] |style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''Wiktionary edition''']=], wikt_plural, [=[ written in ]=], canonicalName, [=[: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], wiktionarylinks, [=[</div> ]=]} if lang:hasType('reconstructed') then wiktionarylinks_chunk = '' end if setsister then track("setsister") if setsister == "-" then track("setsister/hyphen") else setsister = "Category:" .. setsister end else setsister = lang:getCommonsCategory() or "-" end return concat{ -- FIXME: Bare wikicode [=[<div class="wikitable" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width: 300px; padding: 5px;"> <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px">''']=], canonicalName, [=[ language links'''</div> {| style="font-size: 90%" |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|35px|none|Wikipedia]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''English Wikipedia''' has an article on: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setwiki == "-" and "''None.''" or "'''[[w:" .. wikipediaArticle .. "|" .. wikipediaArticle .. "]]'''"), [=[</div> |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|none|Wikimedia Commons]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''Wikimedia Commons''' has links to ]=], canonicalName, [=[-related content in sister projects: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setsister == "-" and "''None.''" or "'''[[commons:" .. setsister .. "|" .. setsister .. "]]'''"), [=[</div> ]=], wiktionarylinks_chunk, [=[ |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Codex icon articles color-progressive.svg|35px|none|Entry]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''Wiktionary entry''' for the language's English name: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">''']=], require("Module:links").full_link({lang = m_languages.getByCode("hi"), term = entryname or canonicalName}), [=['''</div> |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px;" | [[File:Codex icon book color-progressive.svg|35px|none|Resources]] || '''Wiktionary resources''' for editors contributing to ]=], canonicalName, [=[ entries: <div style="padding: 5px 0"> * '''[[Wiktionary:]=], canonicalName, [=[ entry guidelines]]''' * '''[[:Category:]=], canonicalName, [=[ reference templates|Reference templates]] ({{PAGESINCAT:]=], canonicalName, [=[ reference templates}})''' * '''[[Appendix:]=], canonicalName, [=[ bibliography|Bibliography]]''' </div> |} </div>]=] } end local function edit_link(title, text) return '<span class="plainlinks">[' .. tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(title, { action = "edit" })) .. ' ' .. text .. ']</span>' end -- Should perhaps use wiki syntax. local function infobox(lang) local ret = {} insert(ret, '<table class="wikitable language-category-info"') local raw_data = lang:getData("extra") if raw_data then local replacements = { [1] = "canonical-name", [2] = "wikidata-item", [3] = "family", [4] = "scripts", } local function replacer(letter1, letter2) return letter1:lower() .. "-" .. letter2:lower() end -- For each key in the language data modules, returns a descriptive -- kebab-case version (containing ASCII lowercase words separated -- by hyphens). local function kebab_case(key) key = replacements[key] or key key = key:gsub("(%l)(%u)", replacer):gsub("(%l)_(%l)", replacer) return key end local compress = {compress = true} local function html_attribute_encode(str) str = to_json(str, compress) :gsub('"', "&quot;") -- & in attributes is automatically escaped. -- :gsub("&", "&amp;") :gsub("<", "&lt;") :gsub(">", "&gt;") return str end insert(ret, ' data-code="' .. lang:getCode() .. '"') for k, v in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do insert(ret, " data-" .. kebab_case(k) .. '="' .. html_attribute_encode(v) .. '"') end end insert(ret, '>\n') insert(ret, '<tr class="language-category-data">\n<th colspan="2">' .. edit_link(lang:getDataModuleName(), "Edit language data") .. "</th>\n</tr>\n") insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>Canonical name</th><td>" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "</td>\n</tr>\n") local otherNames = lang:getOtherNames() if otherNames then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(otherNames) do insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>Other names</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end local aliases = lang:getAliases() if aliases then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(aliases) do insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>Aliases</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end local varieties = lang:getVarieties() if varieties then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(varieties) do if type(name) == "string" then insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") else assert(type(name) == "table") local first_var local subvars = {} for i, var in ipairs(name) do if i == 1 then first_var = var else insert(subvars, "<li>" .. var .. "</li>") end end if #subvars > 0 then insert(names, ( "<li><dl><dt>" .. first_var .. "</dt>\n<dd><ul>" .. concat(subvars, "\n") .. "</ul></dd></dl></li>" ) ) elseif first_var then insert(names, "<li>" .. first_var .. "</li>") end end end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>Varieties</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Languages|Language code]]</th><td><code>" .. lang:getCode() .. "</code></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Families|Language family]]</th>\n") local fam = lang:getFamily() local famCode = fam and fam:getCode() if not fam then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Unassigned languages|unassigned]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Languages of disputed affiliation|disputed affiliation]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Language isolates|language isolate]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Mixed languages|mixed language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Unclassifiable languages|unclassifiable language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "sgn" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Sign languages|sign language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "crp" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Creole or pidgin languages|creole or pidgin]]</td>") elseif famCode == "art" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Constructed languages|constructed language]]</td>") else insert(ret, "<td>" .. fam:makeCategoryLink() .. "</td>") end insert(ret, "\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Ancestors</th>\n<td>") local ancestors = lang:getAncestors() if ancestors[2] then local ancestorList = {} for i, anc in ipairs(ancestors) do ancestorList[i] = "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>" end insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(ancestorList, "\n") .. "</ul>") else local ancestorChain = lang:getAncestorChainOld() if ancestorChain[1] then local chain = {} for _, anc in reverse_ipairs(ancestorChain) do insert(chain, "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>") end insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(chain, "\n<ul>\n") .. ("</ul>"):rep(#chain)) else insert(ret, "unknown") end end insert(ret, "</td>\n</tr>\n") local scripts = lang:getScripts() if scripts[1] then local script_text = {} local function makeScriptLine(sc) local code = sc:getCode() local url = tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl('Special:Search', { search = 'contentmodel:css insource:"' .. code .. '" insource:/\\.' .. code .. '/', ns8 = '1' })) return sc:makeCategoryLink() .. ' (<span class="plainlinks" title="Search for stylesheets referencing this script">[' .. url .. ' <code>' .. code .. '</code>]</span>)' end local function add_Hrkt(text) insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hrkt)) insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hira) .. "</li>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Kana) .. "</li>") insert(text, "</ul>") insert(text, "</li>") end for _, sc in ipairs(scripts) do local text = {} local code = sc:getCode() if code == "Hrkt" then add_Hrkt(text) else insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(sc)) if code == "Jpan" then insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>") add_Hrkt(text) insert(text, "</ul>") elseif code == "Kore" then insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hang) .. "</li>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>") insert(text, "</ul>") end insert(text, "</li>") end insert(script_text, concat(text, "\n")) end insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Scripts|Scripts]]</th>\n<td><ul>\n" .. concat(script_text, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n") else insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Scripts|Scripts]]</th>\n<td>not specified</td>\n</tr>\n") end local function add_module_info(raw_data, heading) if raw_data then local scripts = lang:getScriptCodes() local module_info, add = {}, false if type(raw_data) == "string" then insert(module_info, ("[[Module:%s]]"):format(raw_data)) add = true else local raw_data_type = type(raw_data) if raw_data_type == "table" and size(scripts) == 1 and type(raw_data[scripts[1]]) == "string" then insert(module_info, ("[[Module:%s]]"):format(raw_data[scripts[1]])) add = true elseif raw_data_type == "table" then insert(module_info, "<ul>") for script, data in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do if type(data) == "string" and m_sc_getByCode(script) then insert(module_info, ("<li><code>%s</code>: [[Module:%s]]</li>"):format(script, data)) end end insert(module_info, "</ul>") add = size(module_info) > 2 end end if add then insert(ret, [=[ <tr> <th>]=] .. heading .. [=[</th> <td>]=] .. concat(module_info) .. [=[</td> </tr> ]=]) end end end add_module_info(raw_data.generate_forms, "Form-generating<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.translit, "[[Wiktionary:Transliteration and romanization|Transliteration<br>module]]") add_module_info(raw_data.display_text, "Display text<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.entry_name, "Entry name<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.sort_key, "[[sortkey|Sortkey]]<br>module") local wikidataItem = lang:getWikidataItem() if lang:getWikidataItem() and mw.wikibase then local URL = mw.wikibase.getEntityUrl(wikidataItem) local link if URL then link = '[[d:' .. wikidataItem .. '|' .. wikidataItem .. ']]' else link = '<span class="error">Invalid Wikidata item: <code>' .. wikidataItem .. '</code></span>' end insert(ret, "<tr><th>Wikidata</th><td>" .. link .. "</td></tr>") end insert(ret, "</table>") return concat(ret) end local function NavFrame_for_family_tree(content, title) return '<div class="NavFrame"><div class="NavHead">' .. (title or '{{{title}}}') .. '</div>' .. '<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left; font-size: calc(1em / 0.95); padding: 0.3em">' .. content .. '</div></div>' end local function get_description_topright_additional(lang, locations, extinct, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local nameWithLanguage = lang:getCategoryName("nocap") if lang:getCode() == "und" then local description = "This is the main category of the '''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "''', represented in Wiktionary by the [[Wiktionary:Languages|code]] '''" .. lang:getCode() .. "'''. " .. "This language contains terms in historical writing, whose meaning has not yet been determined by scholars." return description, nil, nil end local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local topright = linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local the_prefix if canonicalName:find(" Language$") then the_prefix = "" else the_prefix = "the " end local description = "This is the main category of " .. the_prefix .. "'''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "'''." local location_links = {} local prep local saw_embedded_comma = false for _, location in ipairs(locations) do local this_prep if location == "the world" then this_prep = "across" insert(location_links, location) elseif location ~= "UNKNOWN" then this_prep = "in" if location:find(",") then saw_embedded_comma = true end insert(location_links, link_location(location)) end if this_prep then if prep and this_prep ~= prep then error("Can't handle location 'the world' along with another location (clashing prepositions)") end prep = this_prep end end local location_desc if #location_links > 0 then local location_link_text if saw_embedded_comma and #location_links >= 3 then location_link_text = mw.text.listToText(location_links, "; ", "; and ") else location_link_text = serial_comma_join(location_links) end location_desc = ("It is %s %s %s.\n\n"):format( extinct and "an [[extinct language]] that was formerly spoken" or "spoken", prep, location_link_text ) elseif extinct then location_desc = "It is an [[extinct language]].\n\n" else location_desc = "" end local add = location_desc .. "Information about " .. canonicalName .. ":\n\n" .. infobox(lang) if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. " is a reconstructed language. Its words and roots are not directly attested in any written works, but have been reconstructed through the ''comparative method'', " .. "which finds regular similarities between languages that cannot be explained by coincidence or word-borrowing, and extrapolates ancient forms from these similarities.\n\n" .. "According to our [[Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]], terms in " .. canonicalName .. " should '''not''' be present in entries in the main namespace, but may be added to the Reconstruction: namespace." elseif lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. " is a constructed language that is only in sporadic use. " .. "According to our [[Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]], terms in " .. canonicalName .. " should '''not''' be present in entries in the main namespace, but may be added to the Appendix: namespace. " .. "All terms in this language may be available at [[Appendix:" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. "]]." end local entry_guidelines_page = "Wiktionary:" .. canonicalName .. " entry guidelines" local entry_guidelines = new_title(entry_guidelines_page) if entry_guidelines.exists then add = add .. "\n\n" .. "Please see '''[[" .. entry_guidelines_page .. "]]''' for information and special considerations for creating " .. nameWithLanguage .. " entries." end local ok, tree_of_descendants = pcall( require("Module:family tree").print_children, lang:getCode(), { protolanguage_under_family = true, must_have_descendants = true }) if ok then if tree_of_descendants then add = add .. NavFrame_for_family_tree( tree_of_descendants, "Family tree") else add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(lang:getCanonicalName()) .. " has no descendants or varieties listed in Wiktionary's language data modules." end else mw.log("error while generating tree: " .. tostring(tree_of_descendants)) end return description, topright, add end local function get_parents(lang, locations, extinct) local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local sortkey = {sort_base = canonicalName, lang = "hi"} local ret = {{name = "सभी भाषाएँ", sort = sortkey}} local fam = lang:getFamily() local famCode = fam and fam:getCode() -- FIXME: Some of the following categories should be added to this module. if not fam then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Unassigned languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages of disputed affiliation", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Language isolates", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Mixed languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Unclassifiable languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "sgn" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:All sign languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "crp" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do -- Avoid Haitian Creole being categorised in [[:Category:Haitian Creole-based creole or pidgin languages]], as one of its ancestors is an etymology-only variety of it. -- Use that ancestor's ancestors instead. if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc_extra:getFullName()) .. "-based creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc:getFullName()) .. "-based creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) end end elseif famCode == "art" then if lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Appendix-only constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) else insert(ret, {name = "Category:Constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc_extra:getFullName()) .. "-based constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc:getFullName()) .. "-based constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. fam:getCategoryName(), sort = sortkey}) if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then insert(ret, { name = "Category:Reconstructed languages", sort = {sort_base = canonicalName:gsub("^Proto%-", ""), lang = "hi"} }) end end local function add_sc_cat(sc) insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. sc:getCategoryName() .. " languages", sort = sortkey}) end local function add_Hrkt() add_sc_cat(Hrkt) add_sc_cat(Hira) add_sc_cat(Kana) end for _, sc in ipairs(lang:getScripts()) do if sc:getCode() == "Hrkt" then add_Hrkt() else add_sc_cat(sc) if sc:getCode() == "Jpan" then add_sc_cat(Hani) add_Hrkt() elseif sc:getCode() == "Kore" then add_sc_cat(Hang) add_sc_cat(Hani) end end end if lang:hasTranslit() then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages with automatic transliteration", sort = sortkey}) end local function insert_location_language_cat(location) local cat = location .. " भाषा" insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. cat, sort = sortkey}) local auto_cat_args = scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local location_parent = auto_cat_args and auto_cat_args.parent if location_parent then local split_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(location_parent) for _, parent in ipairs(split_parents) do parent = parent:match("^(.-):.*$") or parent insert_location_language_cat(parent) end end end local saw_location = false for _, location in ipairs(locations) do if location ~= "UNKNOWN" then saw_location = true insert_location_language_cat(location) end end if extinct then insert(ret, {name = "Category:All extinct languages", sort = sortkey}) end if not saw_location and not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then -- Constructed and reconstructed languages don't need a location specified and often won't have one, -- so don't put them in this maintenance category. insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages not sorted into a location category", sort = sortkey}) end return ret end local function get_children() local ret = {} -- FIXME: We should work on the children mechanism so it isn't necessary to manually specify these. for _, label in ipairs({"लेम्मा"}) do insert(ret, {name = label, is_label = true}) end -- insert(ret, {name = "terms derived from {{{langname}}}", is_label = true, lang = false}) -- insert(ret, {name = "{{{langcode}}}:All topics", sort = "all topics"}) -- insert(ret, {name = "Varieties of {{{langname}}}"}) -- insert(ret, {name = "Requests concerning {{{langname}}}"}) -- insert(ret, {name = "Rhymes:{{{langname}}}", description = "Lists of {{{langname}}} words by their rhymes."}) -- insert(ret, {name = "User {{{langcode}}}", description = "Wiktionary users categorized by fluency levels in {{{langdisp}}}."}) return ret end -- Handle language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and -- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category = data.category local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(category) if not lang then local langname = category:match("(.*) भाषा") if langname then lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) end if not lang then return nil end end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { [1] = {list = true}, ["setwiki"] = true, ["setwikt"] = true, ["setsister"] = true, ["entryname"] = true, ["extinct"] = {type = "boolean"}, }) -- If called from inside, don't require any arguments, as they can't be known -- in general and aren't needed just to generate the first parent (used for -- breadcrumbs). if #args[1] == 0 and not data.called_from_inside then -- At least one location must be specified unless the language is constructed (e.g. Esperanto) or reconstructed (e.g. Proto-Indo-European). local fam = lang:getFamily() if not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then error("At least one location (param 1=) must be specified for language '" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "' (code '" .. lang:getCode() .. "'). " .. "Use the value UNKNOWN if the language's location is truly unknown.") end end local description, topright, additional = "", "", "" -- If called from inside the category tree system, it's called when generating -- parents or children, and we don't need to generate the description or additional -- text (which is very expensive in terms of memory because it calls [[Module:family tree]], -- which calls [[Module:languages/data/all]]). if not data.called_from_inside then description, topright, additional = get_description_topright_additional( lang, args[1], args.extinct, args.setwiki, args.setwikt, args.setsister, args.entryname ) end return { canonical_name = lang:getCategoryName(), description = description, lang = lang:getCode(), topright = topright, additional = additional, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName(), parents = get_parents(lang, args[1], args.extinct), extra_children = get_children(lang), umbrella = false, can_be_empty = true, }, true end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local location = data.category:match("^(.*) भाषा") if location then local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { ["flagfile"] = true, ["commonscat"] = true, ["wp"] = true, ["basename"] = true, ["parent"] = true, ["locationcat"] = true, ["locationlink"] = true, }) local topright local basename = args.basename or location:gsub(", .*", "") if args.flagfile ~= "-" then local flagfile_arg = args.flagfile or ("Flag of %s.svg"):format(basename) local files = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(flagfile_arg) local topright_parts = {} for _, file in ipairs(files) do local flagfile = "File:" .. file local flagfile_page = new_title(flagfile) if flagfile_page and flagfile_page.file.exists then insert(topright_parts, ("[[%s|right|100px|border]]"):format(flagfile)) elseif args.flagfile then error(("Explicit flagfile '%s' doesn't exist"):format(flagfile)) end end topright = concat(topright_parts) end if args.wp then local wp = require("Module:yesno")(args.wp, "+") if wp == "+" or wp == true then wp = data.category end if wp then local wp_topright = ("{{wikipedia|%s}}"):format(wp) if topright then topright = topright .. wp_topright else topright = wp_topright end end end if args.commonscat then local commonscat = require("Module:yesno")(args.commonscat, "+") if commonscat == "+" or commonscat == true then commonscat = data.category end if commonscat then local commons_topright = ("{{commonscat|%s}}"):format(commonscat) if topright then topright = topright .. commons_topright else topright = commons_topright end end end local bare_location = location:match("^the (.*)$") or location local location_link = args.locationlink or link_location(location) local bare_basename = basename:match("^the (.*)$") or basename local parents = {} if args.parent then local explicit_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.parent) for i, parent in ipairs(explicit_parents) do local actual_parent, sort_key = parent:match("^(.-):(.*)$") if actual_parent then parent = actual_parent sort_key = sort_key:gsub("%+", bare_location) else sort_key = " " .. bare_location end insert(parents, {name = parent .. " भाषा", sort = sort_key}) end else insert(parents, {name = "भाषा देश अनुसार", sort = {sort_base = bare_location, lang = "hi"}}) end if args.locationcat then local explicit_location_cats = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.locationcat) for i, locationcat in ipairs(explicit_location_cats) do insert(parents, {name = "Category:" .. locationcat, sort = " Languages"}) end else local location_cat = ("Category:%s"):format(bare_location) local location_page = new_title(location_cat) if location_page and location_page.exists then insert(parents, {name = location_cat, sort = "Languages"}) end end local description = ("Categories for languages of %s (including sublects)."):format(location_link) return { topright = topright, description = description, parents = parents, breadcrumb = bare_basename, additional = "{{{umbrella_msg}}}", }, true end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("(.*)%-based creole or pidgin languages$") if langname then local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Languages which developed as a [[creole]] or [[pidgin]] from " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {{name = "Creole or pidgin languages", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "hi"}}}, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName() .. "-based", } end end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("(.*)%-based constructed languages$") if langname then local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Constructed languages which are based on " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {{name = "Constructed languages", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "hi"}}}, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName() .. "-based", } end end end) return { RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } eeqsqv60nvg9hxmqb88hifws6i07wwc 488100 488097 2026-09-04T20:47:45Z SM7 6218 localization...move slowly 488100 Scribunto text/plain local new_title = mw.title.new local ucfirst = require("Module:string utilities").ucfirst local split = require("Module:string utilities").split local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local m_languages = require("Module:languages") local m_sc_getByCode = require("Module:scripts").getByCode local m_table = require("Module:table") local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local reverse_ipairs = m_table.reverseIpairs local serial_comma_join = m_table.serialCommaJoin local size = m_table.size local sorted_pairs = m_table.sortedPairs local to_json = require("Module:JSON").toJSON local Hang = m_sc_getByCode("Hang") local Hani = m_sc_getByCode("Hani") local Hira = m_sc_getByCode("Hira") local Hrkt = m_sc_getByCode("Hrkt") local Kana = m_sc_getByCode("Kana") local function track(page) -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/category tree/languages/PAGE]] return require("Module:debug/track")("category tree/languages/" .. page) end -- This handles language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and -- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]; categories like [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]; categories like -- [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]; and categories like -- [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]]. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["सभी भाषाएँ"] = { topright = "{{commonscat|Languages}}\n[[File:Languages world map-transparent background.svg|thumb|right|250px|Rough world map of language families]]", description = "This category contains the categories for every language on Wiktionary.", additional = "Not all languages that Wiktionary recognises may have a category here yet. There are many that have " .. "not yet received any attention from editors, mainly because not all Wiktionary users know about every single " .. "language. See [[Wiktionary:List of languages]] for a full list.", parents = { "मूलभूत श्रेणी", }, } raw_categories["सभी विलुप्त भाषाएँ"] = { description = "Categories for every [[extinct language]] on Wiktionary.", additional = "Do not confuse this category with [[:Category:Extinct languages]], which is an umbrella category for the names of extinct languages in specific other languages (e.g. {{m+|de|Langobardisch}} for the ancient [[Lombardic]] language).", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["अलिखित भाषाएँ"] = { description = "Categories for every [[unwritten]] [[language]] on Wiktionary.", additional = "Do not confuse this category with [[:Category:Unspecified script languages]], which contains categories for languages that may be written but where the appropriate script has not yet been specified in the language data.", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["भाषाएँ देश अनुसार"] = { topright = "{{commonscat|Languages by continent}}", description = "Categories that group languages by country.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["Languages not sorted into a location category"] = { description = "Languages which do not specify (in their {{tl|auto cat}} call) the location(s) where they are spoken.", additional = "This excludes constructed and reconstructed languages; as a result, all languages in this category explicitly specify their location as {{cd|UNKNOWN}}.", parents = { {name = "Requests"}, }, hidden = true, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Given a category (without the "Category:" prefix), look up the page -- defining the category, find the call to {{auto cat}} (if any), -- and return a table of its arguments. If the category page doesn't exist -- or doesn't have an {{auto cat}} invocation, return nil. -- FIXME: Duplicated in [[Module:category tree/lects]]. local function scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local cat_page = mw.title.new("Category:" .. cat) if cat_page then local contents = cat_page:getContent() if contents then for template in require("Module:template parser").find_templates(contents) do -- The template parser automatically handles redirects and -- canonicalizes them. if template:get_name() == "auto cat" then return template:get_arguments() end end end end return nil end local function link_location(location) local location_no_the = location:match("^the (.*)$") local bare_location = location_no_the or location local bare_location_parts = split(bare_location, ", ") for i, part in ipairs(bare_location_parts) do bare_location_parts[i] = ("[[%s]]"):format(part) end local location_link = concat(bare_location_parts, ", ") if location_no_the then location_link = "the " .. location_link end return location_link end local function linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local wiktionarylinks = {} local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local wikimediaLanguages = lang:getWikimediaLanguages() local wikipediaArticle = setwiki or lang:getWikipediaArticle(true) setwiki = not wikipediaArticle and "-" setsister = setsister and ucfirst(setsister) or nil if setwikt then track("setwikt") if setwikt == "-" then track("setwikt/hyphen") end end if setwikt ~= "-" and wikimediaLanguages and wikimediaLanguages[1] then for _, wikimedialang in ipairs(wikimediaLanguages) do local check = new_title(wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":") if check and check.isExternal then insert(wiktionarylinks, ( wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() ~= canonicalName and "(''" .. wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() .. "'') " or "" ) .. ( "'''[[:" .. wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":|" .. wikimedialang:getCode() .. ".wiktionary.org]]'''" ) ) end end wiktionarylinks = concat(wiktionarylinks, "<br/>") end local wikt_plural = wikimediaLanguages[2] and "s" or "" if #wiktionarylinks == 0 then wiktionarylinks = "''None.''" end -- Avoid showing Wiktionary links section for reconstructed languages, -- as they are ineligible for Wiktionary editions local wiktionarylinks_chunk = concat{ [=[|- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; width: 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg|35px|none|Wiktionary]] |style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''Wiktionary edition''']=], wikt_plural, [=[ written in ]=], canonicalName, [=[: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], wiktionarylinks, [=[</div> ]=]} if lang:hasType('reconstructed') then wiktionarylinks_chunk = '' end if setsister then track("setsister") if setsister == "-" then track("setsister/hyphen") else setsister = "Category:" .. setsister end else setsister = lang:getCommonsCategory() or "-" end return concat{ -- FIXME: Bare wikicode [=[<div class="wikitable" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width: 300px; padding: 5px;"> <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px">''']=], canonicalName, [=[ भाषा संबंधी कड़ियाँ'''</div> {| style="font-size: 90%" |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|35px|none|Wikipedia]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''हिंदी विकिपीडिया''' पर लेख मौजूद है, देखें: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setwiki == "-" and "''None.''" or "'''[[w:" .. wikipediaArticle .. "|" .. wikipediaArticle .. "]]'''"), [=[</div> |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|none|Wikimedia Commons]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''विकिमीडिया कॉमंस''' पर कड़ियाँ मौजूद हैं ]=], canonicalName, [=[- से संबंधित सामग्री बंधु प्रकल्पों पर: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setsister == "-" and "''None.''" or "'''[[commons:" .. setsister .. "|" .. setsister .. "]]'''"), [=[</div> ]=], wiktionarylinks_chunk, [=[ |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Codex icon articles color-progressive.svg|35px|none|Entry]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | इस भाषा के हिंदी नाम की '''विक्षनरी प्रविष्टि''': <div style="padding: 5px 10px">''']=], require("Module:links").full_link({lang = m_languages.getByCode("hi"), term = entryname or canonicalName}), [=['''</div> |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px;" | [[File:Codex icon book color-progressive.svg|35px|none|Resources]] || '''विक्षनरी संसाधन''' उन संपादकों हेतु जो ]=], canonicalName, [=[ प्रविष्टियाँ संपादित करना चाहते: <div style="padding: 5px 0"> * '''[[विक्षनरी:]=], canonicalName, [=[ प्रविष्टि मार्गदर्शिका]]''' * '''[[:श्रेणी:]=], canonicalName, [=[ संदर्भ साँचे|संदर्भ साँचे]] ({{PAGESINCAT:]=], canonicalName, [=[ reference templates}})''' * '''[[विक्षनरी:परिशिष्ट:]=], canonicalName, [=[ ग्रंथसूची|ग्रंथसूची]]''' </div> |} </div>]=] } end local function edit_link(title, text) return '<span class="plainlinks">[' .. tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(title, { action = "edit" })) .. ' ' .. text .. ']</span>' end -- Should perhaps use wiki syntax. local function infobox(lang) local ret = {} insert(ret, '<table class="wikitable language-category-info"') local raw_data = lang:getData("extra") if raw_data then local replacements = { [1] = "canonical-name", [2] = "wikidata-item", [3] = "family", [4] = "scripts", } local function replacer(letter1, letter2) return letter1:lower() .. "-" .. letter2:lower() end -- For each key in the language data modules, returns a descriptive -- kebab-case version (containing ASCII lowercase words separated -- by hyphens). local function kebab_case(key) key = replacements[key] or key key = key:gsub("(%l)(%u)", replacer):gsub("(%l)_(%l)", replacer) return key end local compress = {compress = true} local function html_attribute_encode(str) str = to_json(str, compress) :gsub('"', "&quot;") -- & in attributes is automatically escaped. -- :gsub("&", "&amp;") :gsub("<", "&lt;") :gsub(">", "&gt;") return str end insert(ret, ' data-code="' .. lang:getCode() .. '"') for k, v in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do insert(ret, " data-" .. kebab_case(k) .. '="' .. html_attribute_encode(v) .. '"') end end insert(ret, '>\n') insert(ret, '<tr class="language-category-data">\n<th colspan="2">' .. edit_link(lang:getDataModuleName(), "Edit language data") .. "</th>\n</tr>\n") insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>Canonical name</th><td>" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "</td>\n</tr>\n") local otherNames = lang:getOtherNames() if otherNames then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(otherNames) do insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>Other names</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end local aliases = lang:getAliases() if aliases then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(aliases) do insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>Aliases</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end local varieties = lang:getVarieties() if varieties then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(varieties) do if type(name) == "string" then insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") else assert(type(name) == "table") local first_var local subvars = {} for i, var in ipairs(name) do if i == 1 then first_var = var else insert(subvars, "<li>" .. var .. "</li>") end end if #subvars > 0 then insert(names, ( "<li><dl><dt>" .. first_var .. "</dt>\n<dd><ul>" .. concat(subvars, "\n") .. "</ul></dd></dl></li>" ) ) elseif first_var then insert(names, "<li>" .. first_var .. "</li>") end end end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>Varieties</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Languages|Language code]]</th><td><code>" .. lang:getCode() .. "</code></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Families|Language family]]</th>\n") local fam = lang:getFamily() local famCode = fam and fam:getCode() if not fam then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Unassigned languages|unassigned]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Languages of disputed affiliation|disputed affiliation]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Language isolates|language isolate]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Mixed languages|mixed language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Unclassifiable languages|unclassifiable language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "sgn" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Sign languages|sign language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "crp" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Creole or pidgin languages|creole or pidgin]]</td>") elseif famCode == "art" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Constructed languages|constructed language]]</td>") else insert(ret, "<td>" .. fam:makeCategoryLink() .. "</td>") end insert(ret, "\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Ancestors</th>\n<td>") local ancestors = lang:getAncestors() if ancestors[2] then local ancestorList = {} for i, anc in ipairs(ancestors) do ancestorList[i] = "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>" end insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(ancestorList, "\n") .. "</ul>") else local ancestorChain = lang:getAncestorChainOld() if ancestorChain[1] then local chain = {} for _, anc in reverse_ipairs(ancestorChain) do insert(chain, "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>") end insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(chain, "\n<ul>\n") .. ("</ul>"):rep(#chain)) else insert(ret, "unknown") end end insert(ret, "</td>\n</tr>\n") local scripts = lang:getScripts() if scripts[1] then local script_text = {} local function makeScriptLine(sc) local code = sc:getCode() local url = tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl('Special:Search', { search = 'contentmodel:css insource:"' .. code .. '" insource:/\\.' .. code .. '/', ns8 = '1' })) return sc:makeCategoryLink() .. ' (<span class="plainlinks" title="Search for stylesheets referencing this script">[' .. url .. ' <code>' .. code .. '</code>]</span>)' end local function add_Hrkt(text) insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hrkt)) insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hira) .. "</li>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Kana) .. "</li>") insert(text, "</ul>") insert(text, "</li>") end for _, sc in ipairs(scripts) do local text = {} local code = sc:getCode() if code == "Hrkt" then add_Hrkt(text) else insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(sc)) if code == "Jpan" then insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>") add_Hrkt(text) insert(text, "</ul>") elseif code == "Kore" then insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hang) .. "</li>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>") insert(text, "</ul>") end insert(text, "</li>") end insert(script_text, concat(text, "\n")) end insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Scripts|Scripts]]</th>\n<td><ul>\n" .. concat(script_text, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n") else insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:Scripts|Scripts]]</th>\n<td>not specified</td>\n</tr>\n") end local function add_module_info(raw_data, heading) if raw_data then local scripts = lang:getScriptCodes() local module_info, add = {}, false if type(raw_data) == "string" then insert(module_info, ("[[Module:%s]]"):format(raw_data)) add = true else local raw_data_type = type(raw_data) if raw_data_type == "table" and size(scripts) == 1 and type(raw_data[scripts[1]]) == "string" then insert(module_info, ("[[Module:%s]]"):format(raw_data[scripts[1]])) add = true elseif raw_data_type == "table" then insert(module_info, "<ul>") for script, data in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do if type(data) == "string" and m_sc_getByCode(script) then insert(module_info, ("<li><code>%s</code>: [[Module:%s]]</li>"):format(script, data)) end end insert(module_info, "</ul>") add = size(module_info) > 2 end end if add then insert(ret, [=[ <tr> <th>]=] .. heading .. [=[</th> <td>]=] .. concat(module_info) .. [=[</td> </tr> ]=]) end end end add_module_info(raw_data.generate_forms, "Form-generating<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.translit, "[[Wiktionary:Transliteration and romanization|Transliteration<br>module]]") add_module_info(raw_data.display_text, "Display text<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.entry_name, "Entry name<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.sort_key, "[[sortkey|Sortkey]]<br>module") local wikidataItem = lang:getWikidataItem() if lang:getWikidataItem() and mw.wikibase then local URL = mw.wikibase.getEntityUrl(wikidataItem) local link if URL then link = '[[d:' .. wikidataItem .. '|' .. wikidataItem .. ']]' else link = '<span class="error">Invalid Wikidata item: <code>' .. wikidataItem .. '</code></span>' end insert(ret, "<tr><th>Wikidata</th><td>" .. link .. "</td></tr>") end insert(ret, "</table>") return concat(ret) end local function NavFrame_for_family_tree(content, title) return '<div class="NavFrame"><div class="NavHead">' .. (title or '{{{title}}}') .. '</div>' .. '<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left; font-size: calc(1em / 0.95); padding: 0.3em">' .. content .. '</div></div>' end local function get_description_topright_additional(lang, locations, extinct, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local nameWithLanguage = lang:getCategoryName("nocap") if lang:getCode() == "und" then local description = "This is the main category of the '''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "''', represented in Wiktionary by the [[Wiktionary:Languages|code]] '''" .. lang:getCode() .. "'''. " .. "This language contains terms in historical writing, whose meaning has not yet been determined by scholars." return description, nil, nil end local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local topright = linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local the_prefix if canonicalName:find(" Language$") then the_prefix = "" else the_prefix = "the " end local description = "This is the main category of " .. the_prefix .. "'''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "'''." local location_links = {} local prep local saw_embedded_comma = false for _, location in ipairs(locations) do local this_prep if location == "the world" then this_prep = "across" insert(location_links, location) elseif location ~= "UNKNOWN" then this_prep = "in" if location:find(",") then saw_embedded_comma = true end insert(location_links, link_location(location)) end if this_prep then if prep and this_prep ~= prep then error("Can't handle location 'the world' along with another location (clashing prepositions)") end prep = this_prep end end local location_desc if #location_links > 0 then local location_link_text if saw_embedded_comma and #location_links >= 3 then location_link_text = mw.text.listToText(location_links, "; ", "; and ") else location_link_text = serial_comma_join(location_links) end location_desc = ("It is %s %s %s.\n\n"):format( extinct and "an [[extinct language]] that was formerly spoken" or "spoken", prep, location_link_text ) elseif extinct then location_desc = "It is an [[extinct language]].\n\n" else location_desc = "" end local add = location_desc .. "Information about " .. canonicalName .. ":\n\n" .. infobox(lang) if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. " is a reconstructed language. Its words and roots are not directly attested in any written works, but have been reconstructed through the ''comparative method'', " .. "which finds regular similarities between languages that cannot be explained by coincidence or word-borrowing, and extrapolates ancient forms from these similarities.\n\n" .. "According to our [[Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]], terms in " .. canonicalName .. " should '''not''' be present in entries in the main namespace, but may be added to the Reconstruction: namespace." elseif lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. " is a constructed language that is only in sporadic use. " .. "According to our [[Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]], terms in " .. canonicalName .. " should '''not''' be present in entries in the main namespace, but may be added to the Appendix: namespace. " .. "All terms in this language may be available at [[Appendix:" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. "]]." end local entry_guidelines_page = "Wiktionary:" .. canonicalName .. " entry guidelines" local entry_guidelines = new_title(entry_guidelines_page) if entry_guidelines.exists then add = add .. "\n\n" .. "Please see '''[[" .. entry_guidelines_page .. "]]''' for information and special considerations for creating " .. nameWithLanguage .. " entries." end local ok, tree_of_descendants = pcall( require("Module:family tree").print_children, lang:getCode(), { protolanguage_under_family = true, must_have_descendants = true }) if ok then if tree_of_descendants then add = add .. NavFrame_for_family_tree( tree_of_descendants, "Family tree") else add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(lang:getCanonicalName()) .. " has no descendants or varieties listed in Wiktionary's language data modules." end else mw.log("error while generating tree: " .. tostring(tree_of_descendants)) end return description, topright, add end local function get_parents(lang, locations, extinct) local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local sortkey = {sort_base = canonicalName, lang = "hi"} local ret = {{name = "सभी भाषाएँ", sort = sortkey}} local fam = lang:getFamily() local famCode = fam and fam:getCode() -- FIXME: Some of the following categories should be added to this module. if not fam then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Unassigned languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages of disputed affiliation", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Language isolates", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Mixed languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Unclassifiable languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "sgn" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:All sign languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "crp" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do -- Avoid Haitian Creole being categorised in [[:Category:Haitian Creole-based creole or pidgin languages]], as one of its ancestors is an etymology-only variety of it. -- Use that ancestor's ancestors instead. if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc_extra:getFullName()) .. "-based creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc:getFullName()) .. "-based creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) end end elseif famCode == "art" then if lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Appendix-only constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) else insert(ret, {name = "Category:Constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc_extra:getFullName()) .. "-based constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc:getFullName()) .. "-based constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. fam:getCategoryName(), sort = sortkey}) if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then insert(ret, { name = "Category:Reconstructed languages", sort = {sort_base = canonicalName:gsub("^Proto%-", ""), lang = "hi"} }) end end local function add_sc_cat(sc) insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. sc:getCategoryName() .. " languages", sort = sortkey}) end local function add_Hrkt() add_sc_cat(Hrkt) add_sc_cat(Hira) add_sc_cat(Kana) end for _, sc in ipairs(lang:getScripts()) do if sc:getCode() == "Hrkt" then add_Hrkt() else add_sc_cat(sc) if sc:getCode() == "Jpan" then add_sc_cat(Hani) add_Hrkt() elseif sc:getCode() == "Kore" then add_sc_cat(Hang) add_sc_cat(Hani) end end end if lang:hasTranslit() then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages with automatic transliteration", sort = sortkey}) end local function insert_location_language_cat(location) local cat = location .. " भाषा" insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. cat, sort = sortkey}) local auto_cat_args = scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local location_parent = auto_cat_args and auto_cat_args.parent if location_parent then local split_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(location_parent) for _, parent in ipairs(split_parents) do parent = parent:match("^(.-):.*$") or parent insert_location_language_cat(parent) end end end local saw_location = false for _, location in ipairs(locations) do if location ~= "UNKNOWN" then saw_location = true insert_location_language_cat(location) end end if extinct then insert(ret, {name = "Category:All extinct languages", sort = sortkey}) end if not saw_location and not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then -- Constructed and reconstructed languages don't need a location specified and often won't have one, -- so don't put them in this maintenance category. insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages not sorted into a location category", sort = sortkey}) end return ret end local function get_children() local ret = {} -- FIXME: We should work on the children mechanism so it isn't necessary to manually specify these. for _, label in ipairs({"लेम्मा"}) do insert(ret, {name = label, is_label = true}) end -- insert(ret, {name = "terms derived from {{{langname}}}", is_label = true, lang = false}) -- insert(ret, {name = "{{{langcode}}}:All topics", sort = "all topics"}) -- insert(ret, {name = "Varieties of {{{langname}}}"}) -- insert(ret, {name = "Requests concerning {{{langname}}}"}) -- insert(ret, {name = "Rhymes:{{{langname}}}", description = "Lists of {{{langname}}} words by their rhymes."}) -- insert(ret, {name = "User {{{langcode}}}", description = "Wiktionary users categorized by fluency levels in {{{langdisp}}}."}) return ret end -- Handle language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and -- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category = data.category local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(category) if not lang then local langname = category:match("(.*) भाषा") if langname then lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) end if not lang then return nil end end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { [1] = {list = true}, ["setwiki"] = true, ["setwikt"] = true, ["setsister"] = true, ["entryname"] = true, ["extinct"] = {type = "boolean"}, }) -- If called from inside, don't require any arguments, as they can't be known -- in general and aren't needed just to generate the first parent (used for -- breadcrumbs). if #args[1] == 0 and not data.called_from_inside then -- At least one location must be specified unless the language is constructed (e.g. Esperanto) or reconstructed (e.g. Proto-Indo-European). local fam = lang:getFamily() if not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then error("At least one location (param 1=) must be specified for language '" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "' (code '" .. lang:getCode() .. "'). " .. "Use the value UNKNOWN if the language's location is truly unknown.") end end local description, topright, additional = "", "", "" -- If called from inside the category tree system, it's called when generating -- parents or children, and we don't need to generate the description or additional -- text (which is very expensive in terms of memory because it calls [[Module:family tree]], -- which calls [[Module:languages/data/all]]). if not data.called_from_inside then description, topright, additional = get_description_topright_additional( lang, args[1], args.extinct, args.setwiki, args.setwikt, args.setsister, args.entryname ) end return { canonical_name = lang:getCategoryName(), description = description, lang = lang:getCode(), topright = topright, additional = additional, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName(), parents = get_parents(lang, args[1], args.extinct), extra_children = get_children(lang), umbrella = false, can_be_empty = true, }, true end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local location = data.category:match("^(.*) भाषा") if location then local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { ["flagfile"] = true, ["commonscat"] = true, ["wp"] = true, ["basename"] = true, ["parent"] = true, ["locationcat"] = true, ["locationlink"] = true, }) local topright local basename = args.basename or location:gsub(", .*", "") if args.flagfile ~= "-" then local flagfile_arg = args.flagfile or ("Flag of %s.svg"):format(basename) local files = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(flagfile_arg) local topright_parts = {} for _, file in ipairs(files) do local flagfile = "File:" .. file local flagfile_page = new_title(flagfile) if flagfile_page and flagfile_page.file.exists then insert(topright_parts, ("[[%s|right|100px|border]]"):format(flagfile)) elseif args.flagfile then error(("Explicit flagfile '%s' doesn't exist"):format(flagfile)) end end topright = concat(topright_parts) end if args.wp then local wp = require("Module:yesno")(args.wp, "+") if wp == "+" or wp == true then wp = data.category end if wp then local wp_topright = ("{{wikipedia|%s}}"):format(wp) if topright then topright = topright .. wp_topright else topright = wp_topright end end end if args.commonscat then local commonscat = require("Module:yesno")(args.commonscat, "+") if commonscat == "+" or commonscat == true then commonscat = data.category end if commonscat then local commons_topright = ("{{commonscat|%s}}"):format(commonscat) if topright then topright = topright .. commons_topright else topright = commons_topright end end end local bare_location = location:match("^the (.*)$") or location local location_link = args.locationlink or link_location(location) local bare_basename = basename:match("^the (.*)$") or basename local parents = {} if args.parent then local explicit_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.parent) for i, parent in ipairs(explicit_parents) do local actual_parent, sort_key = parent:match("^(.-):(.*)$") if actual_parent then parent = actual_parent sort_key = sort_key:gsub("%+", bare_location) else sort_key = " " .. bare_location end insert(parents, {name = parent .. " भाषा", sort = sort_key}) end else insert(parents, {name = "भाषा देश अनुसार", sort = {sort_base = bare_location, lang = "hi"}}) end if args.locationcat then local explicit_location_cats = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.locationcat) for i, locationcat in ipairs(explicit_location_cats) do insert(parents, {name = "Category:" .. locationcat, sort = " Languages"}) end else local location_cat = ("Category:%s"):format(bare_location) local location_page = new_title(location_cat) if location_page and location_page.exists then insert(parents, {name = location_cat, sort = "Languages"}) end end local description = ("Categories for languages of %s (including sublects)."):format(location_link) return { topright = topright, description = description, parents = parents, breadcrumb = bare_basename, additional = "{{{umbrella_msg}}}", }, true end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("(.*)%-based creole or pidgin languages$") if langname then local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Languages which developed as a [[creole]] or [[pidgin]] from " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {{name = "Creole or pidgin languages", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "hi"}}}, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName() .. "-based", } end end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("(.*)%-based constructed languages$") if langname then local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Constructed languages which are based on " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {{name = "Constructed languages", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "hi"}}}, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName() .. "-based", } end end end) return { RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } c1o9itdtgc9no4e1ffa3vajiyz0wwms 488101 488100 2026-09-04T21:05:12Z SM7 6218 localization...move slowly 488101 Scribunto text/plain local new_title = mw.title.new local ucfirst = require("Module:string utilities").ucfirst local split = require("Module:string utilities").split local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local m_languages = require("Module:languages") local m_sc_getByCode = require("Module:scripts").getByCode local m_table = require("Module:table") local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local reverse_ipairs = m_table.reverseIpairs local serial_comma_join = m_table.serialCommaJoin local size = m_table.size local sorted_pairs = m_table.sortedPairs local to_json = require("Module:JSON").toJSON local Hang = m_sc_getByCode("Hang") local Hani = m_sc_getByCode("Hani") local Hira = m_sc_getByCode("Hira") local Hrkt = m_sc_getByCode("Hrkt") local Kana = m_sc_getByCode("Kana") local function track(page) -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/category tree/languages/PAGE]] return require("Module:debug/track")("category tree/languages/" .. page) end -- This handles language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and -- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]; categories like [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]; categories like -- [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]; and categories like -- [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]]. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["सभी भाषाएँ"] = { topright = "{{commonscat|Languages}}\n[[File:Languages world map-transparent background.svg|thumb|right|250px|Rough world map of language families]]", description = "This category contains the categories for every language on Wiktionary.", additional = "Not all languages that Wiktionary recognises may have a category here yet. There are many that have " .. "not yet received any attention from editors, mainly because not all Wiktionary users know about every single " .. "language. See [[Wiktionary:List of languages]] for a full list.", parents = { "मूलभूत श्रेणी", }, } raw_categories["सभी विलुप्त भाषाएँ"] = { description = "Categories for every [[extinct language]] on Wiktionary.", additional = "Do not confuse this category with [[:Category:Extinct languages]], which is an umbrella category for the names of extinct languages in specific other languages (e.g. {{m+|de|Langobardisch}} for the ancient [[Lombardic]] language).", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["अलिखित भाषाएँ"] = { description = "Categories for every [[unwritten]] [[language]] on Wiktionary.", additional = "Do not confuse this category with [[:Category:Unspecified script languages]], which contains categories for languages that may be written but where the appropriate script has not yet been specified in the language data.", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["भाषाएँ देश अनुसार"] = { topright = "{{commonscat|Languages by continent}}", description = "Categories that group languages by country.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["Languages not sorted into a location category"] = { description = "Languages which do not specify (in their {{tl|auto cat}} call) the location(s) where they are spoken.", additional = "This excludes constructed and reconstructed languages; as a result, all languages in this category explicitly specify their location as {{cd|UNKNOWN}}.", parents = { {name = "Requests"}, }, hidden = true, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Given a category (without the "Category:" prefix), look up the page -- defining the category, find the call to {{auto cat}} (if any), -- and return a table of its arguments. If the category page doesn't exist -- or doesn't have an {{auto cat}} invocation, return nil. -- FIXME: Duplicated in [[Module:category tree/lects]]. local function scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local cat_page = mw.title.new("Category:" .. cat) if cat_page then local contents = cat_page:getContent() if contents then for template in require("Module:template parser").find_templates(contents) do -- The template parser automatically handles redirects and -- canonicalizes them. if template:get_name() == "auto cat" then return template:get_arguments() end end end end return nil end local function link_location(location) local location_no_the = location:match("^the (.*)$") local bare_location = location_no_the or location local bare_location_parts = split(bare_location, ", ") for i, part in ipairs(bare_location_parts) do bare_location_parts[i] = ("[[%s]]"):format(part) end local location_link = concat(bare_location_parts, ", ") if location_no_the then location_link = "the " .. location_link end return location_link end local function linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local wiktionarylinks = {} local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local wikimediaLanguages = lang:getWikimediaLanguages() local wikipediaArticle = setwiki or lang:getWikipediaArticle(true) setwiki = not wikipediaArticle and "-" setsister = setsister and ucfirst(setsister) or nil if setwikt then track("setwikt") if setwikt == "-" then track("setwikt/hyphen") end end if setwikt ~= "-" and wikimediaLanguages and wikimediaLanguages[1] then for _, wikimedialang in ipairs(wikimediaLanguages) do local check = new_title(wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":") if check and check.isExternal then insert(wiktionarylinks, ( wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() ~= canonicalName and "(''" .. wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() .. "'') " or "" ) .. ( "'''[[:" .. wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":|" .. wikimedialang:getCode() .. ".wiktionary.org]]'''" ) ) end end wiktionarylinks = concat(wiktionarylinks, "<br/>") end local wikt_plural = wikimediaLanguages[2] and "s" or "" if #wiktionarylinks == 0 then wiktionarylinks = "''None.''" end -- Avoid showing Wiktionary links section for reconstructed languages, -- as they are ineligible for Wiktionary editions local wiktionarylinks_chunk = concat{ [=[|- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; width: 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg|35px|none|Wiktionary]] |style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''विक्षनरी संस्करण''']=], wikt_plural, [=[ written in ]=], canonicalName, [=[: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], wiktionarylinks, [=[</div> ]=]} if lang:hasType('reconstructed') then wiktionarylinks_chunk = '' end if setsister then track("setsister") if setsister == "-" then track("setsister/hyphen") else setsister = "Category:" .. setsister end else setsister = lang:getCommonsCategory() or "-" end return concat{ -- FIXME: Bare wikicode [=[<div class="wikitable" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width: 300px; padding: 5px;"> <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px">''']=], canonicalName, [=[ भाषा संबंधी कड़ियाँ'''</div> {| style="font-size: 90%" |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|35px|none|Wikipedia]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''हिंदी विकिपीडिया''' पर लेख मौजूद है, देखें: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setwiki == "-" and "''None.''" or "'''[[w:" .. wikipediaArticle .. "|" .. wikipediaArticle .. "]]'''"), [=[</div> |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|none|Wikimedia Commons]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''विकिमीडिया कॉमंस''' पर कड़ियाँ मौजूद हैं ]=], canonicalName, [=[- से संबंधित सामग्री बंधु प्रकल्पों पर: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setsister == "-" and "''None.''" or "'''[[commons:" .. setsister .. "|" .. setsister .. "]]'''"), [=[</div> ]=], wiktionarylinks_chunk, [=[ |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Codex icon articles color-progressive.svg|35px|none|Entry]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | इस भाषा के हिंदी नाम की '''विक्षनरी प्रविष्टि''': <div style="padding: 5px 10px">''']=], require("Module:links").full_link({lang = m_languages.getByCode("hi"), term = entryname or canonicalName}), [=['''</div> |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px;" | [[File:Codex icon book color-progressive.svg|35px|none|Resources]] || '''विक्षनरी संसाधन''' उन संपादकों हेतु जो ]=], canonicalName, [=[ प्रविष्टियाँ संपादित करना चाहते: <div style="padding: 5px 0"> * '''[[विक्षनरी:]=], canonicalName, [=[ प्रविष्टि मार्गदर्शिका]]''' * '''[[:श्रेणी:]=], canonicalName, [=[ संदर्भ साँचे|संदर्भ साँचे]] ({{PAGESINCAT:]=], canonicalName, [=[ reference templates}})''' * '''[[विक्षनरी:परिशिष्ट:]=], canonicalName, [=[ ग्रंथसूची|ग्रंथसूची]]''' </div> |} </div>]=] } end local function edit_link(title, text) return '<span class="plainlinks">[' .. tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(title, { action = "edit" })) .. ' ' .. text .. ']</span>' end -- Should perhaps use wiki syntax. local function infobox(lang) local ret = {} insert(ret, '<table class="wikitable language-category-info"') local raw_data = lang:getData("extra") if raw_data then local replacements = { [1] = "canonical-name", [2] = "wikidata-item", [3] = "family", [4] = "scripts", } local function replacer(letter1, letter2) return letter1:lower() .. "-" .. letter2:lower() end -- For each key in the language data modules, returns a descriptive -- kebab-case version (containing ASCII lowercase words separated -- by hyphens). local function kebab_case(key) key = replacements[key] or key key = key:gsub("(%l)(%u)", replacer):gsub("(%l)_(%l)", replacer) return key end local compress = {compress = true} local function html_attribute_encode(str) str = to_json(str, compress) :gsub('"', "&quot;") -- & in attributes is automatically escaped. -- :gsub("&", "&amp;") :gsub("<", "&lt;") :gsub(">", "&gt;") return str end insert(ret, ' data-code="' .. lang:getCode() .. '"') for k, v in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do insert(ret, " data-" .. kebab_case(k) .. '="' .. html_attribute_encode(v) .. '"') end end insert(ret, '>\n') insert(ret, '<tr class="language-category-data">\n<th colspan="2">' .. edit_link(lang:getDataModuleName(), "भाषा आँकड़े संपादित करें") .. "</th>\n</tr>\n") insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>मुख्य नाम</th><td>" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "</td>\n</tr>\n") local otherNames = lang:getOtherNames() if otherNames then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(otherNames) do insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>अन्य नाम</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end local aliases = lang:getAliases() if aliases then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(aliases) do insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>पुकारनाम</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end local varieties = lang:getVarieties() if varieties then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(varieties) do if type(name) == "string" then insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") else assert(type(name) == "table") local first_var local subvars = {} for i, var in ipairs(name) do if i == 1 then first_var = var else insert(subvars, "<li>" .. var .. "</li>") end end if #subvars > 0 then insert(names, ( "<li><dl><dt>" .. first_var .. "</dt>\n<dd><ul>" .. concat(subvars, "\n") .. "</ul></dd></dl></li>" ) ) elseif first_var then insert(names, "<li>" .. first_var .. "</li>") end end end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>वेरायटीज</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>[[विक्षनरी:भाषाएँ|भाषा कोड]]</th><td><code>" .. lang:getCode() .. "</code></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[विक्षनरी:परिवार|भाषा परिवार]]</th>\n") local fam = lang:getFamily() local famCode = fam and fam:getCode() if not fam then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Unassigned languages|unassigned]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Languages of disputed affiliation|disputed affiliation]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Language isolates|language isolate]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Mixed languages|mixed language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Unclassifiable languages|unclassifiable language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "sgn" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Sign languages|sign language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "crp" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Creole or pidgin languages|creole or pidgin]]</td>") elseif famCode == "art" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Constructed languages|constructed language]]</td>") else insert(ret, "<td>" .. fam:makeCategoryLink() .. "</td>") end insert(ret, "\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th>पूर्वज भाषाएँ</th>\n<td>") local ancestors = lang:getAncestors() if ancestors[2] then local ancestorList = {} for i, anc in ipairs(ancestors) do ancestorList[i] = "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>" end insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(ancestorList, "\n") .. "</ul>") else local ancestorChain = lang:getAncestorChainOld() if ancestorChain[1] then local chain = {} for _, anc in reverse_ipairs(ancestorChain) do insert(chain, "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>") end insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(chain, "\n<ul>\n") .. ("</ul>"):rep(#chain)) else insert(ret, "unknown") end end insert(ret, "</td>\n</tr>\n") local scripts = lang:getScripts() if scripts[1] then local script_text = {} local function makeScriptLine(sc) local code = sc:getCode() local url = tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl('Special:Search', { search = 'contentmodel:css insource:"' .. code .. '" insource:/\\.' .. code .. '/', ns8 = '1' })) return sc:makeCategoryLink() .. ' (<span class="plainlinks" title="Search for stylesheets referencing this script">[' .. url .. ' <code>' .. code .. '</code>]</span>)' end local function add_Hrkt(text) insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hrkt)) insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hira) .. "</li>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Kana) .. "</li>") insert(text, "</ul>") insert(text, "</li>") end for _, sc in ipairs(scripts) do local text = {} local code = sc:getCode() if code == "Hrkt" then add_Hrkt(text) else insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(sc)) if code == "Jpan" then insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>") add_Hrkt(text) insert(text, "</ul>") elseif code == "Kore" then insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hang) .. "</li>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>") insert(text, "</ul>") end insert(text, "</li>") end insert(script_text, concat(text, "\n")) end insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:लिपियाँ|लिपियाँ]]</th>\n<td><ul>\n" .. concat(script_text, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n") else insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:लिपियाँ|लिपियाँ]]</th>\n<td>निर्धारित नहीं</td>\n</tr>\n") end local function add_module_info(raw_data, heading) if raw_data then local scripts = lang:getScriptCodes() local module_info, add = {}, false if type(raw_data) == "string" then insert(module_info, ("[[Module:%s]]"):format(raw_data)) add = true else local raw_data_type = type(raw_data) if raw_data_type == "table" and size(scripts) == 1 and type(raw_data[scripts[1]]) == "string" then insert(module_info, ("[[Module:%s]]"):format(raw_data[scripts[1]])) add = true elseif raw_data_type == "table" then insert(module_info, "<ul>") for script, data in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do if type(data) == "string" and m_sc_getByCode(script) then insert(module_info, ("<li><code>%s</code>: [[Module:%s]]</li>"):format(script, data)) end end insert(module_info, "</ul>") add = size(module_info) > 2 end end if add then insert(ret, [=[ <tr> <th>]=] .. heading .. [=[</th> <td>]=] .. concat(module_info) .. [=[</td> </tr> ]=]) end end end add_module_info(raw_data.generate_forms, "Form-generating<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.translit, "[[विक्षनरी:ट्रांसलिट्रेशन|ट्रांसलिट्रेशन<br>मॉड्यूल]]") add_module_info(raw_data.display_text, "डिस्प्ले पाठ<br>मॉड्यूल") add_module_info(raw_data.entry_name, "प्रविष्टि नाम<br>मॉड्यूल") add_module_info(raw_data.sort_key, "[[sortkey|सॉर्टकुंजी]]<br>मॉड्यूल") local wikidataItem = lang:getWikidataItem() if lang:getWikidataItem() and mw.wikibase then local URL = mw.wikibase.getEntityUrl(wikidataItem) local link if URL then link = '[[d:' .. wikidataItem .. '|' .. wikidataItem .. ']]' else link = '<span class="error">Invalid Wikidata item: <code>' .. wikidataItem .. '</code></span>' end insert(ret, "<tr><th>विकिडेटा</th><td>" .. link .. "</td></tr>") end insert(ret, "</table>") return concat(ret) end local function NavFrame_for_family_tree(content, title) return '<div class="NavFrame"><div class="NavHead">' .. (title or '{{{title}}}') .. '</div>' .. '<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left; font-size: calc(1em / 0.95); padding: 0.3em">' .. content .. '</div></div>' end local function get_description_topright_additional(lang, locations, extinct, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local nameWithLanguage = lang:getCategoryName("nocap") if lang:getCode() == "und" then local description = "This is the main category of the '''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "''', represented in Wiktionary by the [[Wiktionary:Languages|code]] '''" .. lang:getCode() .. "'''. " .. "This language contains terms in historical writing, whose meaning has not yet been determined by scholars." return description, nil, nil end local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local topright = linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local the_prefix if canonicalName:find(" Language$") then the_prefix = "" else the_prefix = "the " end local description = "This is the main category of " .. the_prefix .. "'''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "'''." local location_links = {} local prep local saw_embedded_comma = false for _, location in ipairs(locations) do local this_prep if location == "the world" then this_prep = "across" insert(location_links, location) elseif location ~= "UNKNOWN" then this_prep = "in" if location:find(",") then saw_embedded_comma = true end insert(location_links, link_location(location)) end if this_prep then if prep and this_prep ~= prep then error("Can't handle location 'the world' along with another location (clashing prepositions)") end prep = this_prep end end local location_desc if #location_links > 0 then local location_link_text if saw_embedded_comma and #location_links >= 3 then location_link_text = mw.text.listToText(location_links, "; ", "; and ") else location_link_text = serial_comma_join(location_links) end location_desc = ("It is %s %s %s.\n\n"):format( extinct and "an [[extinct language]] that was formerly spoken" or "spoken", prep, location_link_text ) elseif extinct then location_desc = "It is an [[extinct language]].\n\n" else location_desc = "" end local add = location_desc .. "Information about " .. canonicalName .. ":\n\n" .. infobox(lang) if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. " is a reconstructed language. Its words and roots are not directly attested in any written works, but have been reconstructed through the ''comparative method'', " .. "which finds regular similarities between languages that cannot be explained by coincidence or word-borrowing, and extrapolates ancient forms from these similarities.\n\n" .. "According to our [[Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]], terms in " .. canonicalName .. " should '''not''' be present in entries in the main namespace, but may be added to the Reconstruction: namespace." elseif lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. " is a constructed language that is only in sporadic use. " .. "According to our [[Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]], terms in " .. canonicalName .. " should '''not''' be present in entries in the main namespace, but may be added to the Appendix: namespace. " .. "All terms in this language may be available at [[Appendix:" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. "]]." end local entry_guidelines_page = "Wiktionary:" .. canonicalName .. " entry guidelines" local entry_guidelines = new_title(entry_guidelines_page) if entry_guidelines.exists then add = add .. "\n\n" .. "Please see '''[[" .. entry_guidelines_page .. "]]''' for information and special considerations for creating " .. nameWithLanguage .. " entries." end local ok, tree_of_descendants = pcall( require("Module:family tree").print_children, lang:getCode(), { protolanguage_under_family = true, must_have_descendants = true }) if ok then if tree_of_descendants then add = add .. NavFrame_for_family_tree( tree_of_descendants, "Family tree") else add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(lang:getCanonicalName()) .. " has no descendants or varieties listed in Wiktionary's language data modules." end else mw.log("error while generating tree: " .. tostring(tree_of_descendants)) end return description, topright, add end local function get_parents(lang, locations, extinct) local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local sortkey = {sort_base = canonicalName, lang = "hi"} local ret = {{name = "सभी भाषाएँ", sort = sortkey}} local fam = lang:getFamily() local famCode = fam and fam:getCode() -- FIXME: Some of the following categories should be added to this module. if not fam then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Unassigned languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages of disputed affiliation", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Language isolates", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Mixed languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Unclassifiable languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "sgn" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:All sign languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "crp" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do -- Avoid Haitian Creole being categorised in [[:Category:Haitian Creole-based creole or pidgin languages]], as one of its ancestors is an etymology-only variety of it. -- Use that ancestor's ancestors instead. if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc_extra:getFullName()) .. "-based creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc:getFullName()) .. "-based creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) end end elseif famCode == "art" then if lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Appendix-only constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) else insert(ret, {name = "Category:Constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc_extra:getFullName()) .. "-based constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc:getFullName()) .. "-based constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. fam:getCategoryName(), sort = sortkey}) if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then insert(ret, { name = "Category:Reconstructed languages", sort = {sort_base = canonicalName:gsub("^Proto%-", ""), lang = "hi"} }) end end local function add_sc_cat(sc) insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. sc:getCategoryName() .. " languages", sort = sortkey}) end local function add_Hrkt() add_sc_cat(Hrkt) add_sc_cat(Hira) add_sc_cat(Kana) end for _, sc in ipairs(lang:getScripts()) do if sc:getCode() == "Hrkt" then add_Hrkt() else add_sc_cat(sc) if sc:getCode() == "Jpan" then add_sc_cat(Hani) add_Hrkt() elseif sc:getCode() == "Kore" then add_sc_cat(Hang) add_sc_cat(Hani) end end end if lang:hasTranslit() then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages with automatic transliteration", sort = sortkey}) end local function insert_location_language_cat(location) local cat = location .. " भाषा" insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. cat, sort = sortkey}) local auto_cat_args = scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local location_parent = auto_cat_args and auto_cat_args.parent if location_parent then local split_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(location_parent) for _, parent in ipairs(split_parents) do parent = parent:match("^(.-):.*$") or parent insert_location_language_cat(parent) end end end local saw_location = false for _, location in ipairs(locations) do if location ~= "UNKNOWN" then saw_location = true insert_location_language_cat(location) end end if extinct then insert(ret, {name = "Category:All extinct languages", sort = sortkey}) end if not saw_location and not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then -- Constructed and reconstructed languages don't need a location specified and often won't have one, -- so don't put them in this maintenance category. insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages not sorted into a location category", sort = sortkey}) end return ret end local function get_children() local ret = {} -- FIXME: We should work on the children mechanism so it isn't necessary to manually specify these. for _, label in ipairs({"लेम्मा"}) do insert(ret, {name = label, is_label = true}) end -- insert(ret, {name = "terms derived from {{{langname}}}", is_label = true, lang = false}) -- insert(ret, {name = "{{{langcode}}}:All topics", sort = "all topics"}) -- insert(ret, {name = "Varieties of {{{langname}}}"}) -- insert(ret, {name = "Requests concerning {{{langname}}}"}) -- insert(ret, {name = "Rhymes:{{{langname}}}", description = "Lists of {{{langname}}} words by their rhymes."}) -- insert(ret, {name = "User {{{langcode}}}", description = "Wiktionary users categorized by fluency levels in {{{langdisp}}}."}) return ret end -- Handle language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and -- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category = data.category local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(category) if not lang then local langname = category:match("(.*) भाषा") if langname then lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) end if not lang then return nil end end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { [1] = {list = true}, ["setwiki"] = true, ["setwikt"] = true, ["setsister"] = true, ["entryname"] = true, ["extinct"] = {type = "boolean"}, }) -- If called from inside, don't require any arguments, as they can't be known -- in general and aren't needed just to generate the first parent (used for -- breadcrumbs). if #args[1] == 0 and not data.called_from_inside then -- At least one location must be specified unless the language is constructed (e.g. Esperanto) or reconstructed (e.g. Proto-Indo-European). local fam = lang:getFamily() if not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then error("At least one location (param 1=) must be specified for language '" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "' (code '" .. lang:getCode() .. "'). " .. "Use the value UNKNOWN if the language's location is truly unknown.") end end local description, topright, additional = "", "", "" -- If called from inside the category tree system, it's called when generating -- parents or children, and we don't need to generate the description or additional -- text (which is very expensive in terms of memory because it calls [[Module:family tree]], -- which calls [[Module:languages/data/all]]). if not data.called_from_inside then description, topright, additional = get_description_topright_additional( lang, args[1], args.extinct, args.setwiki, args.setwikt, args.setsister, args.entryname ) end return { canonical_name = lang:getCategoryName(), description = description, lang = lang:getCode(), topright = topright, additional = additional, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName(), parents = get_parents(lang, args[1], args.extinct), extra_children = get_children(lang), umbrella = false, can_be_empty = true, }, true end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local location = data.category:match("^(.*) भाषा") if location then local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { ["flagfile"] = true, ["commonscat"] = true, ["wp"] = true, ["basename"] = true, ["parent"] = true, ["locationcat"] = true, ["locationlink"] = true, }) local topright local basename = args.basename or location:gsub(", .*", "") if args.flagfile ~= "-" then local flagfile_arg = args.flagfile or ("Flag of %s.svg"):format(basename) local files = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(flagfile_arg) local topright_parts = {} for _, file in ipairs(files) do local flagfile = "File:" .. file local flagfile_page = new_title(flagfile) if flagfile_page and flagfile_page.file.exists then insert(topright_parts, ("[[%s|right|100px|border]]"):format(flagfile)) elseif args.flagfile then error(("Explicit flagfile '%s' doesn't exist"):format(flagfile)) end end topright = concat(topright_parts) end if args.wp then local wp = require("Module:yesno")(args.wp, "+") if wp == "+" or wp == true then wp = data.category end if wp then local wp_topright = ("{{wikipedia|%s}}"):format(wp) if topright then topright = topright .. wp_topright else topright = wp_topright end end end if args.commonscat then local commonscat = require("Module:yesno")(args.commonscat, "+") if commonscat == "+" or commonscat == true then commonscat = data.category end if commonscat then local commons_topright = ("{{commonscat|%s}}"):format(commonscat) if topright then topright = topright .. commons_topright else topright = commons_topright end end end local bare_location = location:match("^the (.*)$") or location local location_link = args.locationlink or link_location(location) local bare_basename = basename:match("^the (.*)$") or basename local parents = {} if args.parent then local explicit_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.parent) for i, parent in ipairs(explicit_parents) do local actual_parent, sort_key = parent:match("^(.-):(.*)$") if actual_parent then parent = actual_parent sort_key = sort_key:gsub("%+", bare_location) else sort_key = " " .. bare_location end insert(parents, {name = parent .. " भाषा", sort = sort_key}) end else insert(parents, {name = "भाषा देश अनुसार", sort = {sort_base = bare_location, lang = "hi"}}) end if args.locationcat then local explicit_location_cats = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.locationcat) for i, locationcat in ipairs(explicit_location_cats) do insert(parents, {name = "Category:" .. locationcat, sort = " Languages"}) end else local location_cat = ("Category:%s"):format(bare_location) local location_page = new_title(location_cat) if location_page and location_page.exists then insert(parents, {name = location_cat, sort = "Languages"}) end end local description = ("Categories for languages of %s (including sublects)."):format(location_link) return { topright = topright, description = description, parents = parents, breadcrumb = bare_basename, additional = "{{{umbrella_msg}}}", }, true end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("(.*)%-based creole or pidgin languages$") if langname then local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Languages which developed as a [[creole]] or [[pidgin]] from " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {{name = "Creole or pidgin languages", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "hi"}}}, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName() .. "-based", } end end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("(.*)%-based constructed languages$") if langname then local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Constructed languages which are based on " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {{name = "Constructed languages", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "hi"}}}, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName() .. "-based", } end end end) return { RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } 2exvb04jigi67nxd8kf66w1byj68ipd 488103 488101 2026-09-04T21:35:19Z SM7 6218 localization...done for now 488103 Scribunto text/plain local new_title = mw.title.new local ucfirst = require("Module:string utilities").ucfirst local split = require("Module:string utilities").split local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local m_languages = require("Module:languages") local m_sc_getByCode = require("Module:scripts").getByCode local m_table = require("Module:table") local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local reverse_ipairs = m_table.reverseIpairs local serial_comma_join = m_table.serialCommaJoin local size = m_table.size local sorted_pairs = m_table.sortedPairs local to_json = require("Module:JSON").toJSON local Hang = m_sc_getByCode("Hang") local Hani = m_sc_getByCode("Hani") local Hira = m_sc_getByCode("Hira") local Hrkt = m_sc_getByCode("Hrkt") local Kana = m_sc_getByCode("Kana") local function track(page) -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/category tree/languages/PAGE]] return require("Module:debug/track")("category tree/languages/" .. page) end -- This handles language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and -- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]; categories like [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]; categories like -- [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]; and categories like -- [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]]. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["सभी भाषाएँ"] = { topright = "{{commonscat|Languages}}\n[[File:Languages world map-transparent background.svg|thumb|right|250px|Rough world map of language families]]", description = "This category contains the categories for every language on Wiktionary.", additional = "Not all languages that Wiktionary recognises may have a category here yet. There are many that have " .. "not yet received any attention from editors, mainly because not all Wiktionary users know about every single " .. "language. See [[Wiktionary:List of languages]] for a full list.", parents = { "मूलभूत श्रेणी", }, } raw_categories["सभी विलुप्त भाषाएँ"] = { description = "Categories for every [[extinct language]] on Wiktionary.", additional = "Do not confuse this category with [[:Category:Extinct languages]], which is an umbrella category for the names of extinct languages in specific other languages (e.g. {{m+|de|Langobardisch}} for the ancient [[Lombardic]] language).", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["अलिखित भाषाएँ"] = { description = "Categories for every [[unwritten]] [[language]] on Wiktionary.", additional = "Do not confuse this category with [[:Category:Unspecified script languages]], which contains categories for languages that may be written but where the appropriate script has not yet been specified in the language data.", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["भाषाएँ देश अनुसार"] = { topright = "{{commonscat|Languages by continent}}", description = "Categories that group languages by country.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["Languages not sorted into a location category"] = { description = "Languages which do not specify (in their {{tl|auto cat}} call) the location(s) where they are spoken.", additional = "This excludes constructed and reconstructed languages; as a result, all languages in this category explicitly specify their location as {{cd|UNKNOWN}}.", parents = { {name = "Requests"}, }, hidden = true, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Given a category (without the "Category:" prefix), look up the page -- defining the category, find the call to {{auto cat}} (if any), -- and return a table of its arguments. If the category page doesn't exist -- or doesn't have an {{auto cat}} invocation, return nil. -- FIXME: Duplicated in [[Module:category tree/lects]]. local function scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local cat_page = mw.title.new("Category:" .. cat) if cat_page then local contents = cat_page:getContent() if contents then for template in require("Module:template parser").find_templates(contents) do -- The template parser automatically handles redirects and -- canonicalizes them. if template:get_name() == "auto cat" then return template:get_arguments() end end end end return nil end local function link_location(location) local location_no_the = location:match("^the (.*)$") local bare_location = location_no_the or location local bare_location_parts = split(bare_location, ", ") for i, part in ipairs(bare_location_parts) do bare_location_parts[i] = ("[[%s]]"):format(part) end local location_link = concat(bare_location_parts, ", ") if location_no_the then location_link = "the " .. location_link end return location_link end local function linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local wiktionarylinks = {} local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local wikimediaLanguages = lang:getWikimediaLanguages() local wikipediaArticle = setwiki or lang:getWikipediaArticle(true) setwiki = not wikipediaArticle and "-" setsister = setsister and ucfirst(setsister) or nil if setwikt then track("setwikt") if setwikt == "-" then track("setwikt/hyphen") end end if setwikt ~= "-" and wikimediaLanguages and wikimediaLanguages[1] then for _, wikimedialang in ipairs(wikimediaLanguages) do local check = new_title(wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":") if check and check.isExternal then insert(wiktionarylinks, ( wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() ~= canonicalName and "(''" .. wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() .. "'') " or "" ) .. ( "'''[[:" .. wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":|" .. wikimedialang:getCode() .. ".wiktionary.org]]'''" ) ) end end wiktionarylinks = concat(wiktionarylinks, "<br/>") end local wikt_plural = wikimediaLanguages[2] and "s" or "" if #wiktionarylinks == 0 then wiktionarylinks = "''None.''" end -- Avoid showing Wiktionary links section for reconstructed languages, -- as they are ineligible for Wiktionary editions local wiktionarylinks_chunk = concat{ [=[|- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; width: 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg|35px|none|Wiktionary]] |style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''विक्षनरी संस्करण''']=], wikt_plural, [=[ written in ]=], canonicalName, [=[: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], wiktionarylinks, [=[</div> ]=]} if lang:hasType('reconstructed') then wiktionarylinks_chunk = '' end if setsister then track("setsister") if setsister == "-" then track("setsister/hyphen") else setsister = "Category:" .. setsister end else setsister = lang:getCommonsCategory() or "-" end return concat{ -- FIXME: Bare wikicode [=[<div class="wikitable" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width: 300px; padding: 5px;"> <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px">''']=], canonicalName, [=[ भाषा संबंधी कड़ियाँ'''</div> {| style="font-size: 90%" |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|35px|none|Wikipedia]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''हिंदी विकिपीडिया''' पर लेख मौजूद है, देखें: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setwiki == "-" and "''None.''" or "'''[[w:" .. wikipediaArticle .. "|" .. wikipediaArticle .. "]]'''"), [=[</div> |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|none|Wikimedia Commons]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''विकिमीडिया कॉमंस''' पर कड़ियाँ मौजूद हैं ]=], canonicalName, [=[- से संबंधित सामग्री बंधु प्रकल्पों पर: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setsister == "-" and "''None.''" or "'''[[commons:" .. setsister .. "|" .. setsister .. "]]'''"), [=[</div> ]=], wiktionarylinks_chunk, [=[ |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Codex icon articles color-progressive.svg|35px|none|Entry]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | इस भाषा के हिंदी नाम की '''विक्षनरी प्रविष्टि''': <div style="padding: 5px 10px">''']=], require("Module:links").full_link({lang = m_languages.getByCode("hi"), term = entryname or canonicalName}), [=['''</div> |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px;" | [[File:Codex icon book color-progressive.svg|35px|none|Resources]] || '''विक्षनरी संसाधन''' उन संपादकों हेतु जो ]=], canonicalName, [=[ प्रविष्टियाँ संपादित करना चाहते: <div style="padding: 5px 0"> * '''[[विक्षनरी:]=], canonicalName, [=[ प्रविष्टि मार्गदर्शिका]]''' * '''[[:श्रेणी:]=], canonicalName, [=[ संदर्भ साँचे|संदर्भ साँचे]] ({{PAGESINCAT:]=], canonicalName, [=[ reference templates}})''' * '''[[विक्षनरी:परिशिष्ट:]=], canonicalName, [=[ ग्रंथसूची|ग्रंथसूची]]''' </div> |} </div>]=] } end local function edit_link(title, text) return '<span class="plainlinks">[' .. tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(title, { action = "edit" })) .. ' ' .. text .. ']</span>' end -- Should perhaps use wiki syntax. local function infobox(lang) local ret = {} insert(ret, '<table class="wikitable language-category-info"') local raw_data = lang:getData("extra") if raw_data then local replacements = { [1] = "canonical-name", [2] = "wikidata-item", [3] = "family", [4] = "scripts", } local function replacer(letter1, letter2) return letter1:lower() .. "-" .. letter2:lower() end -- For each key in the language data modules, returns a descriptive -- kebab-case version (containing ASCII lowercase words separated -- by hyphens). local function kebab_case(key) key = replacements[key] or key key = key:gsub("(%l)(%u)", replacer):gsub("(%l)_(%l)", replacer) return key end local compress = {compress = true} local function html_attribute_encode(str) str = to_json(str, compress) :gsub('"', "&quot;") -- & in attributes is automatically escaped. -- :gsub("&", "&amp;") :gsub("<", "&lt;") :gsub(">", "&gt;") return str end insert(ret, ' data-code="' .. lang:getCode() .. '"') for k, v in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do insert(ret, " data-" .. kebab_case(k) .. '="' .. html_attribute_encode(v) .. '"') end end insert(ret, '>\n') insert(ret, '<tr class="language-category-data">\n<th colspan="2">' .. edit_link(lang:getDataModuleName(), "भाषा आँकड़े संपादित करें") .. "</th>\n</tr>\n") insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>मुख्य नाम</th><td>" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "</td>\n</tr>\n") local otherNames = lang:getOtherNames() if otherNames then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(otherNames) do insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>अन्य नाम</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end local aliases = lang:getAliases() if aliases then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(aliases) do insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>पुकारनाम</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end local varieties = lang:getVarieties() if varieties then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(varieties) do if type(name) == "string" then insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") else assert(type(name) == "table") local first_var local subvars = {} for i, var in ipairs(name) do if i == 1 then first_var = var else insert(subvars, "<li>" .. var .. "</li>") end end if #subvars > 0 then insert(names, ( "<li><dl><dt>" .. first_var .. "</dt>\n<dd><ul>" .. concat(subvars, "\n") .. "</ul></dd></dl></li>" ) ) elseif first_var then insert(names, "<li>" .. first_var .. "</li>") end end end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>वेरायटीज</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>[[विक्षनरी:भाषाएँ|भाषा कोड]]</th><td><code>" .. lang:getCode() .. "</code></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[विक्षनरी:परिवार|भाषा परिवार]]</th>\n") local fam = lang:getFamily() local famCode = fam and fam:getCode() if not fam then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Unassigned languages|unassigned]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Languages of disputed affiliation|disputed affiliation]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Language isolates|language isolate]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Mixed languages|mixed language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Unclassifiable languages|unclassifiable language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "sgn" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Sign languages|sign language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "crp" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Creole or pidgin languages|creole or pidgin]]</td>") elseif famCode == "art" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Constructed languages|constructed language]]</td>") else insert(ret, "<td>" .. fam:makeCategoryLink() .. "</td>") end insert(ret, "\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th>पूर्वज भाषाएँ</th>\n<td>") local ancestors = lang:getAncestors() if ancestors[2] then local ancestorList = {} for i, anc in ipairs(ancestors) do ancestorList[i] = "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>" end insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(ancestorList, "\n") .. "</ul>") else local ancestorChain = lang:getAncestorChainOld() if ancestorChain[1] then local chain = {} for _, anc in reverse_ipairs(ancestorChain) do insert(chain, "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>") end insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(chain, "\n<ul>\n") .. ("</ul>"):rep(#chain)) else insert(ret, "unknown") end end insert(ret, "</td>\n</tr>\n") local scripts = lang:getScripts() if scripts[1] then local script_text = {} local function makeScriptLine(sc) local code = sc:getCode() local url = tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl('Special:Search', { search = 'contentmodel:css insource:"' .. code .. '" insource:/\\.' .. code .. '/', ns8 = '1' })) return sc:makeCategoryLink() .. ' (<span class="plainlinks" title="Search for stylesheets referencing this script">[' .. url .. ' <code>' .. code .. '</code>]</span>)' end local function add_Hrkt(text) insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hrkt)) insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hira) .. "</li>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Kana) .. "</li>") insert(text, "</ul>") insert(text, "</li>") end for _, sc in ipairs(scripts) do local text = {} local code = sc:getCode() if code == "Hrkt" then add_Hrkt(text) else insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(sc)) if code == "Jpan" then insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>") add_Hrkt(text) insert(text, "</ul>") elseif code == "Kore" then insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hang) .. "</li>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>") insert(text, "</ul>") end insert(text, "</li>") end insert(script_text, concat(text, "\n")) end insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:लिपियाँ|लिपियाँ]]</th>\n<td><ul>\n" .. concat(script_text, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n") else insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:लिपियाँ|लिपियाँ]]</th>\n<td>निर्धारित नहीं</td>\n</tr>\n") end local function add_module_info(raw_data, heading) if raw_data then local scripts = lang:getScriptCodes() local module_info, add = {}, false if type(raw_data) == "string" then insert(module_info, ("[[Module:%s]]"):format(raw_data)) add = true else local raw_data_type = type(raw_data) if raw_data_type == "table" and size(scripts) == 1 and type(raw_data[scripts[1]]) == "string" then insert(module_info, ("[[Module:%s]]"):format(raw_data[scripts[1]])) add = true elseif raw_data_type == "table" then insert(module_info, "<ul>") for script, data in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do if type(data) == "string" and m_sc_getByCode(script) then insert(module_info, ("<li><code>%s</code>: [[Module:%s]]</li>"):format(script, data)) end end insert(module_info, "</ul>") add = size(module_info) > 2 end end if add then insert(ret, [=[ <tr> <th>]=] .. heading .. [=[</th> <td>]=] .. concat(module_info) .. [=[</td> </tr> ]=]) end end end add_module_info(raw_data.generate_forms, "Form-generating<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.translit, "[[विक्षनरी:ट्रांसलिट्रेशन|ट्रांसलिट्रेशन<br>मॉड्यूल]]") add_module_info(raw_data.display_text, "डिस्प्ले पाठ<br>मॉड्यूल") add_module_info(raw_data.entry_name, "प्रविष्टि नाम<br>मॉड्यूल") add_module_info(raw_data.sort_key, "[[sortkey|सॉर्टकुंजी]]<br>मॉड्यूल") local wikidataItem = lang:getWikidataItem() if lang:getWikidataItem() and mw.wikibase then local URL = mw.wikibase.getEntityUrl(wikidataItem) local link if URL then link = '[[d:' .. wikidataItem .. '|' .. wikidataItem .. ']]' else link = '<span class="error">Invalid Wikidata item: <code>' .. wikidataItem .. '</code></span>' end insert(ret, "<tr><th>विकिडेटा</th><td>" .. link .. "</td></tr>") end insert(ret, "</table>") return concat(ret) end local function NavFrame_for_family_tree(content, title) return '<div class="NavFrame"><div class="NavHead">' .. (title or '{{{title}}}') .. '</div>' .. '<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left; font-size: calc(1em / 0.95); padding: 0.3em">' .. content .. '</div></div>' end local function get_description_topright_additional(lang, locations, extinct, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local nameWithLanguage = lang:getCategoryName("nocap") if lang:getCode() == "und" then local description = "This is the main category of the '''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "''', represented in Wiktionary by the [[Wiktionary:Languages|code]] '''" .. lang:getCode() .. "'''. " .. "This language contains terms in historical writing, whose meaning has not yet been determined by scholars." return description, nil, nil end local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local topright = linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local the_prefix if canonicalName:find(" Language$") then the_prefix = "" else the_prefix = "" end local description = "यह " .. the_prefix .. "'''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "''' के लिये मुख्य श्रेणी है।" local location_links = {} local prep local saw_embedded_comma = false for _, location in ipairs(locations) do local this_prep if location == "विश्व" then this_prep = "पूरे" insert(location_links, location) elseif location ~= "UNKNOWN" then this_prep = " में " if location:find(",") then saw_embedded_comma = true end insert(location_links, link_location(location)) end if this_prep then if prep and this_prep ~= prep then error("Can't handle location 'the world' along with another location (clashing prepositions)") end prep = this_prep end end local location_desc if #location_links > 0 then local location_link_text if saw_embedded_comma and #location_links >= 3 then location_link_text = mw.text.listToText(location_links, "; ", "; और ") else location_link_text = serial_comma_join(location_links) end location_desc = ("यह %s %s %s।\n\n"):format( location_link_text, prep, extinct and "पहले के समय में बोली जाने वाली एक [[विलुप्त भाषा]] है" or "बोली जाने वाली भाषा है" ) elseif extinct then location_desc = "यह एक [[विलुप्त भाषा]] है।\n\n" else location_desc = "" end local add = location_desc .. "" .. canonicalName .. " के बारे में मुख्य जानकारियाँ:\n\n" .. infobox(lang) if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. " is a reconstructed language. Its words and roots are not directly attested in any written works, but have been reconstructed through the ''comparative method'', " .. "which finds regular similarities between languages that cannot be explained by coincidence or word-borrowing, and extrapolates ancient forms from these similarities.\n\n" .. "According to our [[Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]], terms in " .. canonicalName .. " should '''not''' be present in entries in the main namespace, but may be added to the Reconstruction: namespace." elseif lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. " is a constructed language that is only in sporadic use. " .. "According to our [[Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]], terms in " .. canonicalName .. " should '''not''' be present in entries in the main namespace, but may be added to the Appendix: namespace. " .. "All terms in this language may be available at [[Appendix:" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. "]]." end local entry_guidelines_page = "विक्षनरी:" .. canonicalName .. " प्रविष्टि मार्गदर्शिका" local entry_guidelines = new_title(entry_guidelines_page) if entry_guidelines.exists then add = add .. "\n\n" .. "Please see '''[[" .. entry_guidelines_page .. "]]''' for information and special considerations for creating " .. nameWithLanguage .. " entries." end local ok, tree_of_descendants = pcall( require("Module:family tree").print_children, lang:getCode(), { protolanguage_under_family = true, must_have_descendants = true }) if ok then if tree_of_descendants then add = add .. NavFrame_for_family_tree( tree_of_descendants, "परिवार वृक्ष") else add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(lang:getCanonicalName()) .. " has no descendants or varieties listed in Wiktionary's language data modules." end else mw.log("error while generating tree: " .. tostring(tree_of_descendants)) end return description, topright, add end local function get_parents(lang, locations, extinct) local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local sortkey = {sort_base = canonicalName, lang = "hi"} local ret = {{name = "सभी भाषाएँ", sort = sortkey}} local fam = lang:getFamily() local famCode = fam and fam:getCode() -- FIXME: Some of the following categories should be added to this module. if not fam then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Unassigned languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages of disputed affiliation", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Language isolates", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Mixed languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Unclassifiable languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "sgn" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:All sign languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "crp" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do -- Avoid Haitian Creole being categorised in [[:Category:Haitian Creole-based creole or pidgin languages]], as one of its ancestors is an etymology-only variety of it. -- Use that ancestor's ancestors instead. if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc_extra:getFullName()) .. "-based creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc:getFullName()) .. "-based creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) end end elseif famCode == "art" then if lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Appendix-only constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) else insert(ret, {name = "Category:Constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc_extra:getFullName()) .. "-based constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc:getFullName()) .. "-based constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. fam:getCategoryName(), sort = sortkey}) if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then insert(ret, { name = "Category:Reconstructed languages", sort = {sort_base = canonicalName:gsub("^Proto%-", ""), lang = "hi"} }) end end local function add_sc_cat(sc) insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. sc:getCategoryName() .. " languages", sort = sortkey}) end local function add_Hrkt() add_sc_cat(Hrkt) add_sc_cat(Hira) add_sc_cat(Kana) end for _, sc in ipairs(lang:getScripts()) do if sc:getCode() == "Hrkt" then add_Hrkt() else add_sc_cat(sc) if sc:getCode() == "Jpan" then add_sc_cat(Hani) add_Hrkt() elseif sc:getCode() == "Kore" then add_sc_cat(Hang) add_sc_cat(Hani) end end end if lang:hasTranslit() then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages with automatic transliteration", sort = sortkey}) end local function insert_location_language_cat(location) local cat = location .. " भाषा" insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. cat, sort = sortkey}) local auto_cat_args = scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local location_parent = auto_cat_args and auto_cat_args.parent if location_parent then local split_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(location_parent) for _, parent in ipairs(split_parents) do parent = parent:match("^(.-):.*$") or parent insert_location_language_cat(parent) end end end local saw_location = false for _, location in ipairs(locations) do if location ~= "UNKNOWN" then saw_location = true insert_location_language_cat(location) end end if extinct then insert(ret, {name = "Category:All extinct languages", sort = sortkey}) end if not saw_location and not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then -- Constructed and reconstructed languages don't need a location specified and often won't have one, -- so don't put them in this maintenance category. insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages not sorted into a location category", sort = sortkey}) end return ret end local function get_children() local ret = {} -- FIXME: We should work on the children mechanism so it isn't necessary to manually specify these. for _, label in ipairs({"लेम्मा"}) do insert(ret, {name = label, is_label = true}) end -- insert(ret, {name = "{{{langname}}} से आगत टर्म", is_label = true, lang = false}) -- insert(ret, {name = "{{{langcode}}}:सभी विषय", sort = "सभी विषय"}) -- insert(ret, {name = "{{{langname}}} की वेरायटीज"}) -- insert(ret, {name = "Requests concerning {{{langname}}}"}) -- insert(ret, {name = "तुकांत:{{{langname}}}", description = "Lists of {{{langname}}} words by their rhymes."}) -- insert(ret, {name = "User {{{langcode}}}", description = "Wiktionary users categorized by fluency levels in {{{langdisp}}}."}) return ret end -- Handle language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and -- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category = data.category local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(category) if not lang then local langname = category:match("(.*) भाषा") if langname then lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) end if not lang then return nil end end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { [1] = {list = true}, ["setwiki"] = true, ["setwikt"] = true, ["setsister"] = true, ["entryname"] = true, ["extinct"] = {type = "boolean"}, }) -- If called from inside, don't require any arguments, as they can't be known -- in general and aren't needed just to generate the first parent (used for -- breadcrumbs). if #args[1] == 0 and not data.called_from_inside then -- At least one location must be specified unless the language is constructed (e.g. Esperanto) or reconstructed (e.g. Proto-Indo-European). local fam = lang:getFamily() if not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then error("At least one location (param 1=) must be specified for language '" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "' (code '" .. lang:getCode() .. "'). " .. "Use the value UNKNOWN if the language's location is truly unknown.") end end local description, topright, additional = "", "", "" -- If called from inside the category tree system, it's called when generating -- parents or children, and we don't need to generate the description or additional -- text (which is very expensive in terms of memory because it calls [[Module:family tree]], -- which calls [[Module:languages/data/all]]). if not data.called_from_inside then description, topright, additional = get_description_topright_additional( lang, args[1], args.extinct, args.setwiki, args.setwikt, args.setsister, args.entryname ) end return { canonical_name = lang:getCategoryName(), description = description, lang = lang:getCode(), topright = topright, additional = additional, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName(), parents = get_parents(lang, args[1], args.extinct), extra_children = get_children(lang), umbrella = false, can_be_empty = true, }, true end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local location = data.category:match("^(.*) भाषा") if location then local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { ["flagfile"] = true, ["commonscat"] = true, ["wp"] = true, ["basename"] = true, ["parent"] = true, ["locationcat"] = true, ["locationlink"] = true, }) local topright local basename = args.basename or location:gsub(", .*", "") if args.flagfile ~= "-" then local flagfile_arg = args.flagfile or ("Flag of %s.svg"):format(basename) local files = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(flagfile_arg) local topright_parts = {} for _, file in ipairs(files) do local flagfile = "File:" .. file local flagfile_page = new_title(flagfile) if flagfile_page and flagfile_page.file.exists then insert(topright_parts, ("[[%s|right|100px|border]]"):format(flagfile)) elseif args.flagfile then error(("Explicit flagfile '%s' doesn't exist"):format(flagfile)) end end topright = concat(topright_parts) end if args.wp then local wp = require("Module:yesno")(args.wp, "+") if wp == "+" or wp == true then wp = data.category end if wp then local wp_topright = ("{{wikipedia|%s}}"):format(wp) if topright then topright = topright .. wp_topright else topright = wp_topright end end end if args.commonscat then local commonscat = require("Module:yesno")(args.commonscat, "+") if commonscat == "+" or commonscat == true then commonscat = data.category end if commonscat then local commons_topright = ("{{commonscat|%s}}"):format(commonscat) if topright then topright = topright .. commons_topright else topright = commons_topright end end end local bare_location = location:match("^the (.*)$") or location local location_link = args.locationlink or link_location(location) local bare_basename = basename:match("^the (.*)$") or basename local parents = {} if args.parent then local explicit_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.parent) for i, parent in ipairs(explicit_parents) do local actual_parent, sort_key = parent:match("^(.-):(.*)$") if actual_parent then parent = actual_parent sort_key = sort_key:gsub("%+", bare_location) else sort_key = " " .. bare_location end insert(parents, {name = parent .. " भाषा", sort = sort_key}) end else insert(parents, {name = "भाषा देश अनुसार", sort = {sort_base = bare_location, lang = "hi"}}) end if args.locationcat then local explicit_location_cats = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.locationcat) for i, locationcat in ipairs(explicit_location_cats) do insert(parents, {name = "Category:" .. locationcat, sort = " Languages"}) end else local location_cat = ("Category:%s"):format(bare_location) local location_page = new_title(location_cat) if location_page and location_page.exists then insert(parents, {name = location_cat, sort = "Languages"}) end end local description = ("Categories for languages of %s (including sublects)."):format(location_link) return { topright = topright, description = description, parents = parents, breadcrumb = bare_basename, additional = "{{{umbrella_msg}}}", }, true end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("(.*)%-based creole or pidgin languages$") if langname then local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Languages which developed as a [[creole]] or [[pidgin]] from " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {{name = "Creole or pidgin languages", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "hi"}}}, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName() .. "-based", } end end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("(.*)%-based constructed languages$") if langname then local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Constructed languages which are based on " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {{name = "Constructed languages", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "hi"}}}, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName() .. "-based", } end end end) return { RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } ah577yzdbc8sdqlyvz0974y4hekusju 488105 488103 2026-09-04T22:06:18Z SM7 6218 भारत की भाषाएँ / देश अनुसार भाषाएँ 488105 Scribunto text/plain local new_title = mw.title.new local ucfirst = require("Module:string utilities").ucfirst local split = require("Module:string utilities").split local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local m_languages = require("Module:languages") local m_sc_getByCode = require("Module:scripts").getByCode local m_table = require("Module:table") local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local reverse_ipairs = m_table.reverseIpairs local serial_comma_join = m_table.serialCommaJoin local size = m_table.size local sorted_pairs = m_table.sortedPairs local to_json = require("Module:JSON").toJSON local Hang = m_sc_getByCode("Hang") local Hani = m_sc_getByCode("Hani") local Hira = m_sc_getByCode("Hira") local Hrkt = m_sc_getByCode("Hrkt") local Kana = m_sc_getByCode("Kana") local function track(page) -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/category tree/languages/PAGE]] return require("Module:debug/track")("category tree/languages/" .. page) end -- This handles language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and -- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]; categories like [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]; categories like -- [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]; and categories like -- [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]]. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["सभी भाषाएँ"] = { topright = "{{commonscat|Languages}}\n[[File:Languages world map-transparent background.svg|thumb|right|250px|Rough world map of language families]]", description = "This category contains the categories for every language on Wiktionary.", additional = "Not all languages that Wiktionary recognises may have a category here yet. There are many that have " .. "not yet received any attention from editors, mainly because not all Wiktionary users know about every single " .. "language. See [[Wiktionary:List of languages]] for a full list.", parents = { "मूलभूत श्रेणी", }, } raw_categories["सभी विलुप्त भाषाएँ"] = { description = "Categories for every [[extinct language]] on Wiktionary.", additional = "Do not confuse this category with [[:Category:Extinct languages]], which is an umbrella category for the names of extinct languages in specific other languages (e.g. {{m+|de|Langobardisch}} for the ancient [[Lombardic]] language).", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["अलिखित भाषाएँ"] = { description = "Categories for every [[unwritten]] [[language]] on Wiktionary.", additional = "Do not confuse this category with [[:Category:Unspecified script languages]], which contains categories for languages that may be written but where the appropriate script has not yet been specified in the language data.", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["देश अनुसार भाषाएँ"] = { topright = "{{commonscat|Languages by continent}}", description = "Categories that group languages by country.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "सभी भाषाएँ", }, } raw_categories["Languages not sorted into a location category"] = { description = "Languages which do not specify (in their {{tl|auto cat}} call) the location(s) where they are spoken.", additional = "This excludes constructed and reconstructed languages; as a result, all languages in this category explicitly specify their location as {{cd|UNKNOWN}}.", parents = { {name = "Requests"}, }, hidden = true, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Given a category (without the "Category:" prefix), look up the page -- defining the category, find the call to {{auto cat}} (if any), -- and return a table of its arguments. If the category page doesn't exist -- or doesn't have an {{auto cat}} invocation, return nil. -- FIXME: Duplicated in [[Module:category tree/lects]]. local function scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local cat_page = mw.title.new("Category:" .. cat) if cat_page then local contents = cat_page:getContent() if contents then for template in require("Module:template parser").find_templates(contents) do -- The template parser automatically handles redirects and -- canonicalizes them. if template:get_name() == "auto cat" then return template:get_arguments() end end end end return nil end local function link_location(location) local location_no_the = location:match("^the (.*)$") local bare_location = location_no_the or location local bare_location_parts = split(bare_location, ", ") for i, part in ipairs(bare_location_parts) do bare_location_parts[i] = ("[[%s]]"):format(part) end local location_link = concat(bare_location_parts, ", ") if location_no_the then location_link = "the " .. location_link end return location_link end local function linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local wiktionarylinks = {} local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local wikimediaLanguages = lang:getWikimediaLanguages() local wikipediaArticle = setwiki or lang:getWikipediaArticle(true) setwiki = not wikipediaArticle and "-" setsister = setsister and ucfirst(setsister) or nil if setwikt then track("setwikt") if setwikt == "-" then track("setwikt/hyphen") end end if setwikt ~= "-" and wikimediaLanguages and wikimediaLanguages[1] then for _, wikimedialang in ipairs(wikimediaLanguages) do local check = new_title(wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":") if check and check.isExternal then insert(wiktionarylinks, ( wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() ~= canonicalName and "(''" .. wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() .. "'') " or "" ) .. ( "'''[[:" .. wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":|" .. wikimedialang:getCode() .. ".wiktionary.org]]'''" ) ) end end wiktionarylinks = concat(wiktionarylinks, "<br/>") end local wikt_plural = wikimediaLanguages[2] and "s" or "" if #wiktionarylinks == 0 then wiktionarylinks = "''None.''" end -- Avoid showing Wiktionary links section for reconstructed languages, -- as they are ineligible for Wiktionary editions local wiktionarylinks_chunk = concat{ [=[|- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; width: 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg|35px|none|Wiktionary]] |style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''विक्षनरी संस्करण''']=], wikt_plural, [=[ written in ]=], canonicalName, [=[: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], wiktionarylinks, [=[</div> ]=]} if lang:hasType('reconstructed') then wiktionarylinks_chunk = '' end if setsister then track("setsister") if setsister == "-" then track("setsister/hyphen") else setsister = "Category:" .. setsister end else setsister = lang:getCommonsCategory() or "-" end return concat{ -- FIXME: Bare wikicode [=[<div class="wikitable" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width: 300px; padding: 5px;"> <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px">''']=], canonicalName, [=[ भाषा संबंधी कड़ियाँ'''</div> {| style="font-size: 90%" |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|35px|none|Wikipedia]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''हिंदी विकिपीडिया''' पर लेख मौजूद है, देखें: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setwiki == "-" and "''None.''" or "'''[[w:" .. wikipediaArticle .. "|" .. wikipediaArticle .. "]]'''"), [=[</div> |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|none|Wikimedia Commons]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''विकिमीडिया कॉमंस''' पर कड़ियाँ मौजूद हैं ]=], canonicalName, [=[- से संबंधित सामग्री बंधु प्रकल्पों पर: <div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setsister == "-" and "''None.''" or "'''[[commons:" .. setsister .. "|" .. setsister .. "]]'''"), [=[</div> ]=], wiktionarylinks_chunk, [=[ |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Codex icon articles color-progressive.svg|35px|none|Entry]] | style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | इस भाषा के हिंदी नाम की '''विक्षनरी प्रविष्टि''': <div style="padding: 5px 10px">''']=], require("Module:links").full_link({lang = m_languages.getByCode("hi"), term = entryname or canonicalName}), [=['''</div> |- | style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px;" | [[File:Codex icon book color-progressive.svg|35px|none|Resources]] || '''विक्षनरी संसाधन''' उन संपादकों हेतु जो ]=], canonicalName, [=[ प्रविष्टियाँ संपादित करना चाहते: <div style="padding: 5px 0"> * '''[[विक्षनरी:]=], canonicalName, [=[ प्रविष्टि मार्गदर्शिका]]''' * '''[[:श्रेणी:]=], canonicalName, [=[ संदर्भ साँचे|संदर्भ साँचे]] ({{PAGESINCAT:]=], canonicalName, [=[ reference templates}})''' * '''[[विक्षनरी:परिशिष्ट:]=], canonicalName, [=[ ग्रंथसूची|ग्रंथसूची]]''' </div> |} </div>]=] } end local function edit_link(title, text) return '<span class="plainlinks">[' .. tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(title, { action = "edit" })) .. ' ' .. text .. ']</span>' end -- Should perhaps use wiki syntax. local function infobox(lang) local ret = {} insert(ret, '<table class="wikitable language-category-info"') local raw_data = lang:getData("extra") if raw_data then local replacements = { [1] = "canonical-name", [2] = "wikidata-item", [3] = "family", [4] = "scripts", } local function replacer(letter1, letter2) return letter1:lower() .. "-" .. letter2:lower() end -- For each key in the language data modules, returns a descriptive -- kebab-case version (containing ASCII lowercase words separated -- by hyphens). local function kebab_case(key) key = replacements[key] or key key = key:gsub("(%l)(%u)", replacer):gsub("(%l)_(%l)", replacer) return key end local compress = {compress = true} local function html_attribute_encode(str) str = to_json(str, compress) :gsub('"', "&quot;") -- & in attributes is automatically escaped. -- :gsub("&", "&amp;") :gsub("<", "&lt;") :gsub(">", "&gt;") return str end insert(ret, ' data-code="' .. lang:getCode() .. '"') for k, v in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do insert(ret, " data-" .. kebab_case(k) .. '="' .. html_attribute_encode(v) .. '"') end end insert(ret, '>\n') insert(ret, '<tr class="language-category-data">\n<th colspan="2">' .. edit_link(lang:getDataModuleName(), "भाषा आँकड़े संपादित करें") .. "</th>\n</tr>\n") insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>मुख्य नाम</th><td>" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "</td>\n</tr>\n") local otherNames = lang:getOtherNames() if otherNames then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(otherNames) do insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>अन्य नाम</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end local aliases = lang:getAliases() if aliases then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(aliases) do insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>पुकारनाम</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end local varieties = lang:getVarieties() if varieties then local names = {} for _, name in ipairs(varieties) do if type(name) == "string" then insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>") else assert(type(name) == "table") local first_var local subvars = {} for i, var in ipairs(name) do if i == 1 then first_var = var else insert(subvars, "<li>" .. var .. "</li>") end end if #subvars > 0 then insert(names, ( "<li><dl><dt>" .. first_var .. "</dt>\n<dd><ul>" .. concat(subvars, "\n") .. "</ul></dd></dl></li>" ) ) elseif first_var then insert(names, "<li>" .. first_var .. "</li>") end end end if #names > 0 then insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>वेरायटीज</th><td><ul>" .. concat(names, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) end end insert(ret, ( "<tr>\n<th>[[विक्षनरी:भाषाएँ|भाषा कोड]]</th><td><code>" .. lang:getCode() .. "</code></td>\n</tr>\n" ) ) insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[विक्षनरी:परिवार|भाषा परिवार]]</th>\n") local fam = lang:getFamily() local famCode = fam and fam:getCode() if not fam then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Unassigned languages|unassigned]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Languages of disputed affiliation|disputed affiliation]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Language isolates|language isolate]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Mixed languages|mixed language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Unclassifiable languages|unclassifiable language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "sgn" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Sign languages|sign language]]</td>") elseif famCode == "crp" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Creole or pidgin languages|creole or pidgin]]</td>") elseif famCode == "art" then insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:Constructed languages|constructed language]]</td>") else insert(ret, "<td>" .. fam:makeCategoryLink() .. "</td>") end insert(ret, "\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th>पूर्वज भाषाएँ</th>\n<td>") local ancestors = lang:getAncestors() if ancestors[2] then local ancestorList = {} for i, anc in ipairs(ancestors) do ancestorList[i] = "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>" end insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(ancestorList, "\n") .. "</ul>") else local ancestorChain = lang:getAncestorChainOld() if ancestorChain[1] then local chain = {} for _, anc in reverse_ipairs(ancestorChain) do insert(chain, "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>") end insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(chain, "\n<ul>\n") .. ("</ul>"):rep(#chain)) else insert(ret, "unknown") end end insert(ret, "</td>\n</tr>\n") local scripts = lang:getScripts() if scripts[1] then local script_text = {} local function makeScriptLine(sc) local code = sc:getCode() local url = tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl('Special:Search', { search = 'contentmodel:css insource:"' .. code .. '" insource:/\\.' .. code .. '/', ns8 = '1' })) return sc:makeCategoryLink() .. ' (<span class="plainlinks" title="Search for stylesheets referencing this script">[' .. url .. ' <code>' .. code .. '</code>]</span>)' end local function add_Hrkt(text) insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hrkt)) insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hira) .. "</li>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Kana) .. "</li>") insert(text, "</ul>") insert(text, "</li>") end for _, sc in ipairs(scripts) do local text = {} local code = sc:getCode() if code == "Hrkt" then add_Hrkt(text) else insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(sc)) if code == "Jpan" then insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>") add_Hrkt(text) insert(text, "</ul>") elseif code == "Kore" then insert(text, "<ul>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hang) .. "</li>") insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>") insert(text, "</ul>") end insert(text, "</li>") end insert(script_text, concat(text, "\n")) end insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:लिपियाँ|लिपियाँ]]</th>\n<td><ul>\n" .. concat(script_text, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n") else insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:लिपियाँ|लिपियाँ]]</th>\n<td>निर्धारित नहीं</td>\n</tr>\n") end local function add_module_info(raw_data, heading) if raw_data then local scripts = lang:getScriptCodes() local module_info, add = {}, false if type(raw_data) == "string" then insert(module_info, ("[[Module:%s]]"):format(raw_data)) add = true else local raw_data_type = type(raw_data) if raw_data_type == "table" and size(scripts) == 1 and type(raw_data[scripts[1]]) == "string" then insert(module_info, ("[[Module:%s]]"):format(raw_data[scripts[1]])) add = true elseif raw_data_type == "table" then insert(module_info, "<ul>") for script, data in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do if type(data) == "string" and m_sc_getByCode(script) then insert(module_info, ("<li><code>%s</code>: [[Module:%s]]</li>"):format(script, data)) end end insert(module_info, "</ul>") add = size(module_info) > 2 end end if add then insert(ret, [=[ <tr> <th>]=] .. heading .. [=[</th> <td>]=] .. concat(module_info) .. [=[</td> </tr> ]=]) end end end add_module_info(raw_data.generate_forms, "Form-generating<br>module") add_module_info(raw_data.translit, "[[विक्षनरी:ट्रांसलिट्रेशन|ट्रांसलिट्रेशन<br>मॉड्यूल]]") add_module_info(raw_data.display_text, "डिस्प्ले पाठ<br>मॉड्यूल") add_module_info(raw_data.entry_name, "प्रविष्टि नाम<br>मॉड्यूल") add_module_info(raw_data.sort_key, "[[sortkey|सॉर्टकुंजी]]<br>मॉड्यूल") local wikidataItem = lang:getWikidataItem() if lang:getWikidataItem() and mw.wikibase then local URL = mw.wikibase.getEntityUrl(wikidataItem) local link if URL then link = '[[d:' .. wikidataItem .. '|' .. wikidataItem .. ']]' else link = '<span class="error">Invalid Wikidata item: <code>' .. wikidataItem .. '</code></span>' end insert(ret, "<tr><th>विकिडेटा</th><td>" .. link .. "</td></tr>") end insert(ret, "</table>") return concat(ret) end local function NavFrame_for_family_tree(content, title) return '<div class="NavFrame"><div class="NavHead">' .. (title or '{{{title}}}') .. '</div>' .. '<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left; font-size: calc(1em / 0.95); padding: 0.3em">' .. content .. '</div></div>' end local function get_description_topright_additional(lang, locations, extinct, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local nameWithLanguage = lang:getCategoryName("nocap") if lang:getCode() == "und" then local description = "This is the main category of the '''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "''', represented in Wiktionary by the [[Wiktionary:Languages|code]] '''" .. lang:getCode() .. "'''. " .. "This language contains terms in historical writing, whose meaning has not yet been determined by scholars." return description, nil, nil end local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local topright = linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname) local the_prefix if canonicalName:find(" Language$") then the_prefix = "" else the_prefix = "" end local description = "यह " .. the_prefix .. "'''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "''' के लिये मुख्य श्रेणी है।" local location_links = {} local prep local saw_embedded_comma = false for _, location in ipairs(locations) do local this_prep if location == "विश्व" then this_prep = "पूरे" insert(location_links, location) elseif location ~= "UNKNOWN" then this_prep = " में " if location:find(",") then saw_embedded_comma = true end insert(location_links, link_location(location)) end if this_prep then if prep and this_prep ~= prep then error("Can't handle location 'the world' along with another location (clashing prepositions)") end prep = this_prep end end local location_desc if #location_links > 0 then local location_link_text if saw_embedded_comma and #location_links >= 3 then location_link_text = mw.text.listToText(location_links, "; ", "; और ") else location_link_text = serial_comma_join(location_links) end location_desc = ("यह %s %s %s।\n\n"):format( location_link_text, prep, extinct and "पहले के समय में बोली जाने वाली एक [[विलुप्त भाषा]] है" or "बोली जाने वाली भाषा है" ) elseif extinct then location_desc = "यह एक [[विलुप्त भाषा]] है।\n\n" else location_desc = "" end local add = location_desc .. "" .. canonicalName .. " के बारे में मुख्य जानकारियाँ:\n\n" .. infobox(lang) if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. " is a reconstructed language. Its words and roots are not directly attested in any written works, but have been reconstructed through the ''comparative method'', " .. "which finds regular similarities between languages that cannot be explained by coincidence or word-borrowing, and extrapolates ancient forms from these similarities.\n\n" .. "According to our [[Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]], terms in " .. canonicalName .. " should '''not''' be present in entries in the main namespace, but may be added to the Reconstruction: namespace." elseif lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. " is a constructed language that is only in sporadic use. " .. "According to our [[Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion|criteria for inclusion]], terms in " .. canonicalName .. " should '''not''' be present in entries in the main namespace, but may be added to the Appendix: namespace. " .. "All terms in this language may be available at [[Appendix:" .. ucfirst(canonicalName) .. "]]." end local entry_guidelines_page = "विक्षनरी:" .. canonicalName .. " प्रविष्टि मार्गदर्शिका" local entry_guidelines = new_title(entry_guidelines_page) if entry_guidelines.exists then add = add .. "\n\n" .. "Please see '''[[" .. entry_guidelines_page .. "]]''' for information and special considerations for creating " .. nameWithLanguage .. " entries." end local ok, tree_of_descendants = pcall( require("Module:family tree").print_children, lang:getCode(), { protolanguage_under_family = true, must_have_descendants = true }) if ok then if tree_of_descendants then add = add .. NavFrame_for_family_tree( tree_of_descendants, "परिवार वृक्ष") else add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(lang:getCanonicalName()) .. " has no descendants or varieties listed in Wiktionary's language data modules." end else mw.log("error while generating tree: " .. tostring(tree_of_descendants)) end return description, topright, add end local function get_parents(lang, locations, extinct) local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName() local sortkey = {sort_base = canonicalName, lang = "hi"} local ret = {{name = "सभी भाषाएँ", sort = sortkey}} local fam = lang:getFamily() local famCode = fam and fam:getCode() -- FIXME: Some of the following categories should be added to this module. if not fam then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Unassigned languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages of disputed affiliation", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Language isolates", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Mixed languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Unclassifiable languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "sgn" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:All sign languages", sort = sortkey}) elseif famCode == "crp" then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do -- Avoid Haitian Creole being categorised in [[:Category:Haitian Creole-based creole or pidgin languages]], as one of its ancestors is an etymology-only variety of it. -- Use that ancestor's ancestors instead. if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc_extra:getFullName()) .. "-based creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc:getFullName()) .. "-based creole or pidgin languages", sort = sortkey}) end end elseif famCode == "art" then if lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Appendix-only constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) else insert(ret, {name = "Category:Constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc_extra:getFullName()) .. "-based constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. ucfirst(anc:getFullName()) .. "-based constructed languages", sort = sortkey}) end end else insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. fam:getCategoryName(), sort = sortkey}) if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then insert(ret, { name = "Category:Reconstructed languages", sort = {sort_base = canonicalName:gsub("^Proto%-", ""), lang = "hi"} }) end end local function add_sc_cat(sc) insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. sc:getCategoryName() .. " languages", sort = sortkey}) end local function add_Hrkt() add_sc_cat(Hrkt) add_sc_cat(Hira) add_sc_cat(Kana) end for _, sc in ipairs(lang:getScripts()) do if sc:getCode() == "Hrkt" then add_Hrkt() else add_sc_cat(sc) if sc:getCode() == "Jpan" then add_sc_cat(Hani) add_Hrkt() elseif sc:getCode() == "Kore" then add_sc_cat(Hang) add_sc_cat(Hani) end end end if lang:hasTranslit() then insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages with automatic transliteration", sort = sortkey}) end local function insert_location_language_cat(location) local cat = location .. " की भाषाएँ" -- लोकेशन अनुसार [[श्रेणी:भारत की भाषाएँ]] यहाँ से insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. cat, sort = sortkey}) local auto_cat_args = scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local location_parent = auto_cat_args and auto_cat_args.parent if location_parent then local split_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(location_parent) for _, parent in ipairs(split_parents) do parent = parent:match("^(.-):.*$") or parent insert_location_language_cat(parent) end end end local saw_location = false for _, location in ipairs(locations) do if location ~= "UNKNOWN" then saw_location = true insert_location_language_cat(location) end end if extinct then insert(ret, {name = "Category:All extinct languages", sort = sortkey}) end if not saw_location and not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then -- Constructed and reconstructed languages don't need a location specified and often won't have one, -- so don't put them in this maintenance category. insert(ret, {name = "Category:Languages not sorted into a location category", sort = sortkey}) end return ret end local function get_children() local ret = {} -- FIXME: We should work on the children mechanism so it isn't necessary to manually specify these. for _, label in ipairs({"लेम्मा"}) do insert(ret, {name = label, is_label = true}) end --insert(ret, {name = "{{{langname}}} से आगत टर्म", is_label = true, lang = false}) --insert(ret, {name = "{{{langcode}}}:सभी विषय", sort = "सभी विषय"}) --insert(ret, {name = "{{{langname}}} की वेरायटीज"}) --insert(ret, {name = "Requests concerning {{{langname}}}"}) --insert(ret, {name = "तुकांत:{{{langname}}}", description = "Lists of {{{langname}}} words by their rhymes."}) --insert(ret, {name = "User {{{langcode}}}", description = "Wiktionary users categorized by fluency levels in {{{langdisp}}}."}) return ret end -- Handle language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and -- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category = data.category local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(category) if not lang then local langname = category:match("(.*) भाषा") if langname then lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) end if not lang then return nil end end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { [1] = {list = true}, ["setwiki"] = true, ["setwikt"] = true, ["setsister"] = true, ["entryname"] = true, ["extinct"] = {type = "boolean"}, }) -- If called from inside, don't require any arguments, as they can't be known -- in general and aren't needed just to generate the first parent (used for -- breadcrumbs). if #args[1] == 0 and not data.called_from_inside then -- At least one location must be specified unless the language is constructed (e.g. Esperanto) or reconstructed (e.g. Proto-Indo-European). local fam = lang:getFamily() if not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then error("At least one location (param 1=) must be specified for language '" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "' (code '" .. lang:getCode() .. "'). " .. "Use the value UNKNOWN if the language's location is truly unknown.") end end local description, topright, additional = "", "", "" -- If called from inside the category tree system, it's called when generating -- parents or children, and we don't need to generate the description or additional -- text (which is very expensive in terms of memory because it calls [[Module:family tree]], -- which calls [[Module:languages/data/all]]). if not data.called_from_inside then description, topright, additional = get_description_topright_additional( lang, args[1], args.extinct, args.setwiki, args.setwikt, args.setsister, args.entryname ) end return { canonical_name = lang:getCategoryName(), description = description, lang = lang:getCode(), topright = topright, additional = additional, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName(), parents = get_parents(lang, args[1], args.extinct), extra_children = get_children(lang), umbrella = false, can_be_empty = true, }, true end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local location = data.category:match("^(.*) की भाषाएँ") if location then local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { ["flagfile"] = true, ["commonscat"] = true, ["wp"] = true, ["basename"] = true, ["parent"] = true, ["locationcat"] = true, ["locationlink"] = true, }) local topright local basename = args.basename or location:gsub(", .*", "") if args.flagfile ~= "-" then local flagfile_arg = args.flagfile or ("Flag of %s.svg"):format(basename) local files = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(flagfile_arg) local topright_parts = {} for _, file in ipairs(files) do local flagfile = "File:" .. file local flagfile_page = new_title(flagfile) if flagfile_page and flagfile_page.file.exists then insert(topright_parts, ("[[%s|right|100px|border]]"):format(flagfile)) elseif args.flagfile then error(("Explicit flagfile '%s' doesn't exist"):format(flagfile)) end end topright = concat(topright_parts) end if args.wp then local wp = require("Module:yesno")(args.wp, "+") if wp == "+" or wp == true then wp = data.category end if wp then local wp_topright = ("{{wikipedia|%s}}"):format(wp) if topright then topright = topright .. wp_topright else topright = wp_topright end end end if args.commonscat then local commonscat = require("Module:yesno")(args.commonscat, "+") if commonscat == "+" or commonscat == true then commonscat = data.category end if commonscat then local commons_topright = ("{{commonscat|%s}}"):format(commonscat) if topright then topright = topright .. commons_topright else topright = commons_topright end end end local bare_location = location:match("^the (.*)$") or location local location_link = args.locationlink or link_location(location) local bare_basename = basename:match("^the (.*)$") or basename local parents = {} if args.parent then local explicit_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.parent) for i, parent in ipairs(explicit_parents) do local actual_parent, sort_key = parent:match("^(.-):(.*)$") if actual_parent then parent = actual_parent sort_key = sort_key:gsub("%+", bare_location) else sort_key = " " .. bare_location end insert(parents, {name = parent .. " भाषाएँP", sort = sort_key}) end else insert(parents, {name = "देश अनुसार भाषाएँ", sort = {sort_base = bare_location, lang = "hi"}}) end if args.locationcat then local explicit_location_cats = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.locationcat) for i, locationcat in ipairs(explicit_location_cats) do insert(parents, {name = "Category:" .. locationcat, sort = " Languages"}) end else local location_cat = ("Category:%s"):format(bare_location) local location_page = new_title(location_cat) if location_page and location_page.exists then insert(parents, {name = location_cat, sort = "Languages"}) end end local description = ("Categories for languages of %s (including sublects)."):format(location_link) return { topright = topright, description = description, parents = parents, breadcrumb = bare_basename, additional = "{{{umbrella_msg}}}", }, true end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("(.*)%-based creole or pidgin languages$") if langname then local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Languages which developed as a [[creole]] or [[pidgin]] from " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {{name = "Creole or pidgin languages", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "hi"}}}, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName() .. "-based", } end end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("(.*)%-based constructed languages$") if langname then local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Constructed languages which are based on " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {{name = "Constructed languages", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "hi"}}}, breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName() .. "-based", } end end end) return { RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } e989n2pxs1uwaemjj77zy09hquyrb96 828 306966 488049 487822 2026-09-04T16:41:08Z SM7 6218 localization... 488049 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local names_module = "Module:names" local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities" local pluralize = require(en_utilities_module).pluralize ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["नाम"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used to refer to specific individuals or groups.", additional = "Place names, demonyms and other kinds of names can be found in [[:Category:Names]].", umbrella_parents = {name = "टर्म सिमेंटिक फंक्शन अनुसार", is_label = true, sort = " "}, parents = {"टर्म सिमेंटिक फंक्शन अनुसार", "नामवाचक संज्ञाएँ"}, } ------------------------------------------- given names ------------------------------------------- local human_genders = { ["male"] = "to male individuals", ["female"] = "to female individuals", ["unisex"] = "either to male or to female individuals", } for gender, props in pairs(require(names_module).given_name_genders) do if gender ~= "unknown-gender" then local is_animal = props.type == "animal" local cat = is_animal and gender .. " names" or gender .. " given names" local desc = is_animal and " given to [[" .. gender .. "|" .. pluralize(gender) .. "]]" or " given " .. human_genders[gender] local function do_cat(cat, desc, breadcrumb, parents) labels[cat] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. desc .. ".", breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = parents, } end for _, dimaug in ipairs { "diminutive", "augmentative" } do do_cat(dimaug .. "s of " .. cat, dimaug .. " names " .. desc, dimaug, {gender .. " given names", dimaug .. " nouns"}) end do_cat(cat, "names " .. desc, gender, is_animal and (gender == "animal" and "names" or is_animal and "animal names") or "given names") if not is_animal then do_cat(gender .. " skin names", "skin names " .. desc, gender, {"skin names"}) end end end labels["given names"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} names given to individuals.", parents = {"names"}, } labels["skin names"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms given at birth that are used to refer to individuals from specific marital classes.", parents = {"proper nouns", "names"}, } ------------------------------------------- surnames ------------------------------------------- labels["common-gender surnames"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} names shared by both male and female family members, in languages that distinguish male and female surnames.", breadcrumb = "common-gender", parents = {"surnames"}, } labels["female surnames"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} names shared by female family members.", breadcrumb = "female", parents = {"surnames"}, } labels["male surnames"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} names shared by male family members.", breadcrumb = "male", parents = {"surnames"}, } labels["surnames"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} names shared by family members.", parents = {"names"}, } for _, nymics in ipairs { "matronymics", "patronymics" } do local ancestor = nymics == "matronymics" and "mother, grandmother or earlier female ancestor" or "father, grandfather or earlier male ancestor" labels["common-gender " .. nymics] = { description = ("{{{langname}}} names used by both men and women to indicate their %s, in languages that distinguish male and female %s."): format(ancestor, nymics), breadcrumb = "common-gender", parents = {nymics}, } labels["female " .. nymics] = { description = ("{{{langname}}} names used by women to indicate their %s."): format(ancestor, nymics), breadcrumb = "female", parents = {nymics}, } labels["male " .. nymics] = { description = ("{{{langname}}} names used by men to indicate their %s."): format(ancestor, nymics), breadcrumb = "male", parents = {nymics}, } labels[nymics] = { description = ("{{{langname}}} names indicating a person's %s."):format(ancestor), parents = {"names"}, } end labels["nomina gentilia"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} \"[[family name]]s\" (singular ''[[nomen gentile]]'') in a [[w:Roman naming convention|convential Roman name]].", parents = {"names"}, } ------------------------------------------- misc ------------------------------------------- labels["exonyms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[exonym]]s, i.e. terms for toponyms whose name in {{{langname}}} is different from the name in the source language.", parents = {"names"}, } labels["renderings of foreign personal names"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} transliterations, respellings or other renderings of foreign personal names.", parents = {"names"}, } -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for key, data in pairs(labels) do if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Names subcategories by language" end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Names subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to names.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "छतरी मेटाश्रेणियाँ", {name = "names", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function source_name_to_source(nametype, source_name) local special_sources if nametype:find("given names") then special_sources = require("Module:table").listToSet { "surnames", "place names", "coinages", "the Bible", "month names" } elseif nametype:find("surnames") then special_sources = require("Module:table").listToSet { "given names", "place names", "occupations", "patronymics", "matronymics", "common nouns", "nicknames", "ethnonyms" } else special_sources = {} end if special_sources[source_name] then return source_name else return require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(source_name, nil, "allow etym langs", "allow families") end end local function get_source_text(source) if type(source) == "table" then return source:getDisplayForm() else return source end end local function get_description(lang, nametype, source) local origintext, addltext if source == "surnames" then origintext = "transferred from surnames" elseif source == "given names" then origintext = "transferred from given names" elseif source == "nicknames" then origintext = "transferred from nicknames" elseif source == "place names" then origintext = "transferred from place names" addltext = " For place names that are also surnames, see " .. ( lang and "[[:Category:{{{langname}}} " .. nametype .. " from surnames]]" or "[[:Category:" .. mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(nametype) .. " from surnames by language]]" ) .. "." elseif source == "common nouns" then origintext = "transferred from common nouns" elseif source == "month names" then origintext = "transferred from month names" elseif source == "coinages" then origintext = "originating as coinages" addltext = " These are names of artificial origin, names based on fictional characters, combinations of two words or names or backward spellings. Names of uncertain origin can also be placed here if there is a strong suspicion that they are coinages." elseif source == "occupations" then origintext = "originating as occupations" elseif source == "patronymics" then origintext = "originating as patronymics" elseif source == "matronymics" then origintext = "originating as matronymics" elseif source == "ethnonyms" then origintext = "originating as ethnonyms" elseif source == "the Bible" then -- Hack esp. for Hawaiian names. We should consider changing them to -- have the source as Biblical Hebrew and mention the derivation from -- the Bible some other way. origintext = "originating from the Bible" elseif type(source) == "string" then error("Internal error: Unrecognized string source \"" .. source .. "\", should be special-cased") else origintext = "of " .. source:makeCategoryLink() .. " origin" if lang and source:getCode() == lang:getCode() then addltext = " These are names derived from common nouns, local mythology, etc." end end local introtext if lang then introtext = "{{{langname}}} " else introtext = "Categories with " end return introtext .. nametype .. " " .. origintext .. ". (This includes names derived at an older stage of the language.)" .. (addltext or "") end -- If one of the following families occurs in any of the ancestral families -- of a given language, use it instead of the three-letter parent -- (or immediate parent if no three-letter parent). local high_level_families = require("Module:table").listToSet { -- Indo-European "gem", -- Germanic (for gme, gmq, gmw) "inc", -- Indic (for e.g. pra = Prakrit) "ine-ana", -- Anatolian (don't keep going to ine) "ine-toc", -- Tocharian (don't keep going to ine) "ira", -- Iranian (for e.g. xme = Median, xsc = Scythian) "sla", -- Slavic (for zle, zls, zlw) -- Other "ath", -- Athabaskan (for e.g. apa = Apachean) "poz", -- Malayo-Polynesian (for e.g. pqe = Eastern Malayo-Polynesian) "cau-nwc", -- Northwest Caucasian "cau-nec", -- Northeast Caucasian } local function find_high_level_family(lang) local family = lang:getFamily() -- (1) If no family, return nil (e.g. for Pictish). if not family then return nil end -- (2) See if any ancestor family is in `high_level_families`. -- if so, return it. local high_level_family = family while high_level_family do local high_level_code = high_level_family:getCode() if high_level_code == "qfa-not" then -- "not a family"; its own parent, causing an infinite loop. -- Break rather than return so we get categories like -- [[Category:English female given names from sign languages]] and -- [[Category:English female given names from constructed languages]]. break end if high_level_families[high_level_code] then return high_level_family end high_level_family = high_level_family:getFamily() end -- (3) If the family is of the form 'FOO-BAR', see if 'FOO' is a family. -- If so, return it. local basic_family = family:getCode():match("^(.-)%-.*$") if basic_family then basic_family = require("Module:families").getByCode(basic_family) if basic_family then return basic_family end end -- (4) Fall back to just the family itself. return family end local function match_gendered_nametype(nametype) local gender, label = nametype:match("^(f?e?male) (given names)$") if not gender then gender, label = nametype:match("^(unisex) (given names)$") end if gender then return gender, label end end local function get_parents(lang, nametype, source) local parents = {} if lang then table.insert(parents, {name = nametype, sort = get_source_text(source)}) if type(source) == "table" then table.insert(parents, {name = "terms derived from " .. source:getDisplayForm(), sort = " "}) -- If the source is a regular language, put it in a parent category for the high-level language family, e.g. for -- "Russian female given names from German", put it in a parent category "Russian female given names from Germanic languages" -- (skipping over West Germanic languages). -- -- If the source is an etymology language, put it in a parent category for the parent full language, e.g. for -- "French male given names from Gascon", put it in a parent category "French male given names from Occitan". -- -- If the source is a family, put it in a parent category for the parent family. if source:hasType("family") then local parent_family = source:getFamily() if parent_family and parent_family:getCode() ~= "qfa-not" then table.insert(parents, { name = nametype .. " from " .. parent_family:getDisplayForm(), sort = source:getCanonicalName() }) end elseif source:hasType("etymology-only") then local source_parent = source:getFull() if source_parent and source_parent:getCode() ~= "und" then table.insert(parents, { name = nametype .. " from " .. source_parent:getDisplayForm(), sort = source:getCanonicalName() }) end else local high_level_family = find_high_level_family(source) if high_level_family then -- may not exist, e.g. for Pictish table.insert(parents, {name = nametype .. " from " .. high_level_family:getDisplayForm(), sort = source:getCanonicalName() }) end end end local gender, label = match_gendered_nametype(nametype) if gender then table.insert(parents, {name = label .. " from " .. get_source_text(source), sort = gender}) end else local gender, label = match_gendered_nametype(nametype) if gender then table.insert(parents, {name = label .. " from " .. get_source_text(source), is_label = true, sort = " "}) elseif type(source) == "table" then -- FIXME! This is duplicated in [[Module:category tree/etymology]] in the handler for umbrella categories -- 'Terms derived from SOURCE'. local first_umbrella_parent = source:hasType("family") and {name = source:getCategoryName(), raw = true, sort = " "} or source:hasType("etymology-only") and {name = "Category:" .. source:getCategoryName(), sort = nametype} or {name = source:getCategoryName(), raw = true, sort = nametype} table.insert(parents, first_umbrella_parent) end table.insert(parents, "Names subcategories by language") end return parents end table.insert(handlers, function(data) local nametype, source_name = data.label:match("^(.*names) from (.+)$") if nametype then local personal_name_type_set = require(names_module).personal_name_type_set if not personal_name_type_set[nametype] then return nil end local source = source_name_to_source(nametype, source_name) if not source then return nil end return { description = get_description(data.lang, nametype, source), breadcrumb = "from " .. get_source_text(source), parents = get_parents(data.lang, nametype, source), umbrella = { description = get_description(nil, nametype, source), parents = get_parents(nil, nametype, source), }, } end end) -- Handler for e.g. 'English renderings of Russian male given names'. table.insert(handlers, function(data) local label = data.label:match("^renderings of (.*)$") if label then local personal_name_types = require(names_module).personal_name_types for _, nametype in ipairs(personal_name_types) do local sourcename = label:match("^(.+) " .. nametype .. "$") if sourcename then local source = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(sourcename, nil, "allow etym") if source then return { description = "Transliterations, respellings or other renderings of " .. source:makeCategoryLink() .. " " .. nametype .. " into {{{langdisp}}}.", lang = data.lang, breadcrumb = sourcename .. " " .. nametype, parents = { { name = "renderings of foreign personal names", sort = sourcename }, { name = nametype, lang = source:getCode(), sort = "{{{langname}}}" }, }, umbrella = { description = "Transliterations, respellings or other renderings of " .. source:makeCategoryLink() .. " " .. nametype .. " into various languages.", parents = {{name = "renderings of foreign personal names", is_label = true, sort = label}}, }, } end end end end end) return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers} gnm91u2p6j8vzncxw91zec3rfq7xv9r 828 306968 488123 487852 2026-09-05T10:11:39Z SM7 6218 localization... 488123 Scribunto text/plain local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} -- A list of Unicode blocks to which the characters of the script or scripts belong is created by this module -- and displayed in script category pages. local blocks_submodule = "Module:category tree/scripts/blocks" local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities" local languages_module = "Module:languages" local scripts_module = "Module:scripts" local scripts_data_module = "Module:scripts/data" local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities" local table_module = "Module:table" local m_str_utils = require(string_utilities_module) local m_table = require(table_module) local add_indefinite_article = require(en_utilities_module).add_indefinite_article local get_script_by_category_name = require(scripts_module).getByCategoryName local pattern_escape = m_str_utils.pattern_escape local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- SCRIPT LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[=[ The following values are recognized for each script label: 'description' A plain English description for the label. Special template substitutions are recognized; see below. 'umbrella_parents' A table listing one or more parent categories of the umbrella category 'LABELS by script' for this label. The format is as for regular raw categories (see [[Module:category tree/data/documentation]]). 'umbrella_breadcrumb' The breadcrumb to use in the umbrella category 'LABELS by script'. Defaults to "by script". 'catfix' Same as the 'catfix' parameter for regular raw categories (see [[Module:category tree/data/documentation]]). This specifies a language code to use to ensure that pages in the category are displayed in the right font and linked appropriately. If this is set, the 'catfix_sc' parameter will effectively be set with the script code in question. Special template-like parameters can be used inside the 'description' field (as well as in the 'root_description', 'root_topright' and 'root_additional' variable values initialized below). These are replaced by the equivalent text. {{{code}}}: Script code. {{{codes}}}: A comma-separated list of all the alias codes for this script (e.g. Latn and pjt-Latn for Latin). {{{codesplural}}}: The value "s" if {{{codes}}} lists more than one code, otherwise an empty string. {{{scname}}}: The name of the script that the category belongs to. {{{sccat}}}: The name of the script's main category, which adds "script" to the capitalized regular name. {{{scdisp}}}: The display form of the script, which adds "script" to the regular name. {{{scprosename}}}: Same as {{{scdisp}}} for Morse code and flag semaphore, otherwise adds "the" before {{{scdisp}}}. {{{Wikipedia}}}: The Wikipedia article for the script (if it is present in the language's data file), or else {{{sccat}}}. ]=] local script_labels = {} script_labels["कैरेक्टर"] = { description = function(scdata) if scdata.sc:getCode() == "None" then return "सभी ऐसे कैरेक्टर (वर्ण) जिनकी लिपि निर्धारित नहीं हो सकी/सकती।" else return "All characters from {{{scprosename}}}, and their possible variations, such as versions with diacritics and combinations recognized as single characters in any language." end end, additional = function(scdata) if scdata.sc:getCode() == "None" then return "This also includes terms where such characters are listed. For example, {{m|mul|㋍}} (a CJK character called ''SQUARE ERG'' and consisting of the word [[erg]] inside of a square) is listed on the [[erg]] page, leading to this page getting categorized into this category." else return nil end end, umbrella_parents = {"मूलभूत श्रेणी"}, umbrella_breadcrumb = "कैरेक्टर लिपि अनुसार", catfix = "mul", } script_labels["परिशिष्ट"] = { description = "{{{scprosename}}} के बारे में परिशिष्ट।", umbrella_parents = {"श्रेणी:परिशिष्ट"}, } script_labels["भाषाएँ"] = { description = function(scdata) if scdata.sc:getCode() == "None" then return "Languages whose script or scripts have not yet been specified in Wiktionary (and may not exist)." else return "{{{scprosename}}} का प्रयोग करने वाली भाषाएँ।" end end, umbrella_parents = {"सभी भाषाएँ"}, } script_labels["साँचे"] = { description = "{{{scprosename}}} के लिये पूर्व-परिभाषित सामाग्री वाले साँचे।", umbrella_parents = {"साँचे"}, } script_labels["मॉड्यूल"] = { description = "{{{scprosename}}} की फंक्शनता को लागू करने वाले मॉड्यूल।", umbrella_parents = {"मॉड्यूल"}, } script_labels["डेटा मॉड्यूल"] = { description = "{{{scprosename}}} से संबंधित डेटा रखने वाले मॉड्यूल।", umbrella_parents = {"डेटा मॉड्यूल"}, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["सभी लिपियाँ"] = { description = "This category contains the categories for every script (writing system) on Wiktionary.", additional = "See [[Wiktionary:List of scripts]] for a full list.", parents = {"मूलभूत श्रेणी"}, } -- Types of writing systems listed in [[Module:writing systems/data]]. raw_categories["लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"] = { description = "Scripts classified by how they represent words.", parents = {{ name = "सभी लिपियाँ", sort = " " }}, breadcrumb = "लिपि अनुसार", } raw_categories["Abjads"] = { description = "Scripts whose basic symbols represent consonants. Some of these are impure abjads, which have letters for some vowels.", parents = {"लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"}, } raw_categories["Abugidas"] = { description = "Scripts whose symbols represent consonant and vowel combinations. Symbols representing the same consonant combined with different vowels are for the most part similar in form.", parents = {"लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"}, } raw_categories["Alphabetic writing systems"] = { description = "Scripts whose symbols represent individual speech sounds.", parents = {"लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"}, } raw_categories["Logographic writing systems"] = { description = "Scripts whose symbols represent individual words.", parents = {"लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"}, } raw_categories["Pictographic writing systems"] = { description = "Scripts whose symbols represent individual words by using symbols that resemble the physical objects to which those words refer.", parents = {"लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"}, } raw_categories["Semisyllabaries"] = { description = "Scripts which are a combination of an alphabet and a syllbary.", parents = {"लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"}, } raw_categories["Syllabaries"] = { description = "Scripts whose symbols represent consonant and vowel combinations. Symbols representing the same consonant combined with different vowels are for the most part different in form.", parents = {"लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"}, } for script_label, obj in pairs(script_labels) do raw_categories[mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(script_label) .. " लिपि अनुसार"] = { description = "विविध अलग-अलग लिपियों के " .. script_label .. " वाली श्रेणियाँ", breadcrumb = obj.umbrella_breadcrumb or "लिपि अनुसार", parents = obj.umbrella_parents, } end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Intro text for "root" categories such as [[Category:Arabic script]]. Template substitutions are as described above. local root_topright = [=[<div style="clear: right; border: solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa) 1px; margin: 1 1 1 1; background: var(--wikt-palette-paleblue,#f9f9f9); width: 250px; padding: 5px; text-align: left; float: right"> <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px">'''{{{scdisp}}}'''</div> {| style="font-size: 90%; background: var(--wikt-palette-paleblue,#f9f9f9)" | style="vertical-align: middle; height: 35px;" | [[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|35px|none|Wikipedia]] || ''Wikipedia article about {{{scprosename}}}'' |- | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 50px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);" | '''[[w:{{{Wikipedia}}}|{{{Wikipedia}}}]]''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; height: 35px;" | [[File:Crystal kfind.png|35px|none|Considerations]] || {{{scdisp}}} considerations |- | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 50px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);" | '''[[Wiktionary:About {{{scdisp}}}]]''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; height: 35px;" | [[File:Book notice.png|35px|none|Information]] || {{{scdisp}}} information |- | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 50px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);" | '''[[Appendix:{{{sccat}}}]]''' |- | style="vertical-align: Middle; height: 35px;" | [[File:Abc box.svg|35px|none|Code]] || {{{scdisp}}} code |- | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 50px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);" | '''{{{code}}}''' |} </div>]=] -- Short description for "root" categories such as [[Category:Arabic script]]. Template substitutions are as described above. local root_description = "This is the main category of '''{{{scprosename}}}'''." -- Additional description text for "root" categories such as [[Category:Arabic script]]. Template substitutions are as described above. local root_additional = [=[Information about {{{scprosename}}} may be available at [[Appendix:{{{sccat}}}]]. In various places at Wiktionary, {{{scprosename}}} is represented by the [[Wiktionary:Scripts|code{{{codesplural}}}]] {{{codes}}}.]=] -- Replace template notation {{{}}} with variables. local function substitute_template_refs(text, scdata) local sc = scdata.sc local scname = scdata.canonical_name local display_form = sc:getDisplayForm() -- FIXME: Here we assume that the few scripts that have lowercase canonical names don't have -- language-specific variants. If such scripts are created, we have to do this a different way. if mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(display_form) == display_form then display_form = scdata.category_name end local codes = {} if type(text) == "function" then text = text(scdata) end if not text then return nil end local function insert_code(name, code) if name == scname then m_table.insertIfNot(codes, "'''" .. code .. "'''") end end for code, data in pairs(mw.loadData(scripts_data_module)) do local rawname = data[1] if type(rawname) == "table" then -- e.g. script code `Aran` for lang, name in pairs(rawname) do insert_code(name, code) end else insert_code(rawname, code) end end if codes[2] then table.sort( codes, -- Four-letter codes have length 10, because they are bolded: '''Latn'''. function(code1, code2) if #code1 == 10 then if #code2 == 10 then return code1 < code2 else return true end else if #code2 == 10 then return false -- four-letter codes before other codes else return code1 < code2 end end end) end local content = { code = sc:getCode(), codesplural = codes[2] and "" or "", codes = concat(codes, ", "), scname = scname, sccat = scdata.category_name, scdisp = display_form, scprosename = (display_form:find("code") or display_form:find("semaphore")) and display_form or "the " .. display_form, Wikipedia = sc:getWikipediaArticle(), } text = string.gsub( text, "{{{([^}]+)}}}", function (parameter) return content[parameter] or error("No value for script category parameter '" .. parameter .. "'.") end) return text end local function get_root_additional(additional, scdata) local ret = {} local function ins(text) insert(ret, text) end local sc = scdata.sc local canonicalNameTable = sc:getCanonicalNameTable() if type(canonicalNameTable) == "table" then local default_name = sc:getCanonicalName() local default_catname = sc:getCategoryName() local matching_langs = {} local names_to_langs = {} for lang, name in pairs(canonicalNameTable) do local this_catname = require(scripts_module).canonicalNameToCategoryName(name) if this_catname ~= default_catname then -- Any "lang-specific" names that are the same as the default should be skipped. if this_catname == scdata.category_name then insert(matching_langs, lang) elseif names_to_langs[name] then insert(names_to_langs[name], lang) else names_to_langs[name] = {lang} end end end local function format_languages(langs) local langcats = {} for _, langcode in ipairs(langs) do local lang = require(languages_module).getByCode(langcode) if not lang then insert(langcats, ("<span class=\"error\">unknown language code '''%s'''</span>"):format(langcode)) else insert(langcats, lang:makeCategoryLink()) end end table.sort(langcats) return ("भाषाएँ%s %s"):format(langcats[2] and "" or "", m_table.serialCommaJoin(langcats)) end local function insert_other_names() local names_to_langs_lines = {} for name, langs in pairs(names_to_langs) do insert(names_to_langs_lines, ("* [[:श्रेणी:%s|%s]] for %s.\n"):format( require(scripts_module).canonicalNameToCategoryName(name), name, format_languages(langs) )) end table.sort(names_to_langs_lines) ins(concat(names_to_langs_lines)) end if default_catname == scdata.category_name then if next(names_to_langs) then ins(("This category corresponds to the default name for script code '''%s''', which also goes by the following language-specific names:\n" ):format(sc:getCode())) insert_other_names() ins("\n") end else ins(("This category bears a language-specific name for script code '''%s''', as used for %s. The script goes by the default name of [[:Category:%s|%s]]." ):format(sc:getCode(), format_languages(matching_langs), default_catname, default_name)) if next(names_to_langs) then ins(" The script has the following additional language-specific names:\n") insert_other_names() ins("\n") else ins("\n\n") end end end ins(additional) local systems = sc:getSystems() for _, system in ipairs(systems) do ins("\n\nThe {{{scname}}} script is ") ins(add_indefinite_article(system:getDisplayForm("singular"))) ins(".") end local blocks = require(blocks_submodule).print_blocks_by_canonical_name(scdata.canonical_name) if blocks then ins("\n") ins(blocks) end return substitute_template_refs(concat(ret), scdata) end -- Handler for 'SCRIPT script' e.g. [[Category:Arabic script]] as well as [[Category:Morse code]] and -- [[Category:Flag semaphore]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local sc, canonical_name = get_script_by_category_name(data.category) if not sc then return nil end local scdata = { sc = sc, canonical_name = canonical_name, category_name = data.category, } -- Compute parents. local parents = {} local systems = sc:getSystems() for _, system in ipairs(systems) do insert(parents, system:getCategoryName()) end insert(parents, "सभी लिपियाँ") -- Compute (extra) children. local children = {} for script_label in pairs(script_labels) do insert(children, data.category .. " " .. script_label) end return { canonical_name = data.category, topright = substitute_template_refs(root_topright, scdata), description = substitute_template_refs(root_description, scdata), additional = get_root_additional(root_additional, scdata), parents = parents, breadcrumb = canonical_name, extra_children = children, can_be_empty = true, } end) -- Handler for 'SCRIPT script LABELS' e.g. [[Category:Arabic script templates]] as well as [[Category:Morse code LABELS]] and -- [[Category:Flag semaphore LABELS]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local sc, category_name, canonical_name, label for lab in pairs(script_labels) do category_name, label = data.category:match("^(.+) (" .. pattern_escape(lab) .. ")$") sc, canonical_name = get_script_by_category_name(category_name) if sc then break end end if not sc then return nil end local label_obj = script_labels[label] -- Compute parents. local parents = { {name = category_name, sort = label}, -- umbrella category mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(label) .. " लिपि अनुसार", } local scdata = { sc = sc, canonical_name = canonical_name, category_name = category_name, } return { canonical_name = category_name .. " " .. label, description = substitute_template_refs(label_obj.description, scdata), additional = substitute_template_refs(label_obj.additional, scdata), parents = parents, breadcrumb = label, catfix = label_obj.catfix, catfix_sc = label_obj.catfix and sc:getCode(), } end) return {RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} chvkowav8n8e0wlfkg9xglmrvw4fp7y 488124 488123 2026-09-05T10:17:03Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने एक अनुप्रेषण छोड़ते हुए पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/लिपियाँ]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/scripts]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488123 Scribunto text/plain local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} -- A list of Unicode blocks to which the characters of the script or scripts belong is created by this module -- and displayed in script category pages. local blocks_submodule = "Module:category tree/scripts/blocks" local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities" local languages_module = "Module:languages" local scripts_module = "Module:scripts" local scripts_data_module = "Module:scripts/data" local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities" local table_module = "Module:table" local m_str_utils = require(string_utilities_module) local m_table = require(table_module) local add_indefinite_article = require(en_utilities_module).add_indefinite_article local get_script_by_category_name = require(scripts_module).getByCategoryName local pattern_escape = m_str_utils.pattern_escape local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- SCRIPT LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[=[ The following values are recognized for each script label: 'description' A plain English description for the label. Special template substitutions are recognized; see below. 'umbrella_parents' A table listing one or more parent categories of the umbrella category 'LABELS by script' for this label. The format is as for regular raw categories (see [[Module:category tree/data/documentation]]). 'umbrella_breadcrumb' The breadcrumb to use in the umbrella category 'LABELS by script'. Defaults to "by script". 'catfix' Same as the 'catfix' parameter for regular raw categories (see [[Module:category tree/data/documentation]]). This specifies a language code to use to ensure that pages in the category are displayed in the right font and linked appropriately. If this is set, the 'catfix_sc' parameter will effectively be set with the script code in question. Special template-like parameters can be used inside the 'description' field (as well as in the 'root_description', 'root_topright' and 'root_additional' variable values initialized below). These are replaced by the equivalent text. {{{code}}}: Script code. {{{codes}}}: A comma-separated list of all the alias codes for this script (e.g. Latn and pjt-Latn for Latin). {{{codesplural}}}: The value "s" if {{{codes}}} lists more than one code, otherwise an empty string. {{{scname}}}: The name of the script that the category belongs to. {{{sccat}}}: The name of the script's main category, which adds "script" to the capitalized regular name. {{{scdisp}}}: The display form of the script, which adds "script" to the regular name. {{{scprosename}}}: Same as {{{scdisp}}} for Morse code and flag semaphore, otherwise adds "the" before {{{scdisp}}}. {{{Wikipedia}}}: The Wikipedia article for the script (if it is present in the language's data file), or else {{{sccat}}}. ]=] local script_labels = {} script_labels["कैरेक्टर"] = { description = function(scdata) if scdata.sc:getCode() == "None" then return "सभी ऐसे कैरेक्टर (वर्ण) जिनकी लिपि निर्धारित नहीं हो सकी/सकती।" else return "All characters from {{{scprosename}}}, and their possible variations, such as versions with diacritics and combinations recognized as single characters in any language." end end, additional = function(scdata) if scdata.sc:getCode() == "None" then return "This also includes terms where such characters are listed. For example, {{m|mul|㋍}} (a CJK character called ''SQUARE ERG'' and consisting of the word [[erg]] inside of a square) is listed on the [[erg]] page, leading to this page getting categorized into this category." else return nil end end, umbrella_parents = {"मूलभूत श्रेणी"}, umbrella_breadcrumb = "कैरेक्टर लिपि अनुसार", catfix = "mul", } script_labels["परिशिष्ट"] = { description = "{{{scprosename}}} के बारे में परिशिष्ट।", umbrella_parents = {"श्रेणी:परिशिष्ट"}, } script_labels["भाषाएँ"] = { description = function(scdata) if scdata.sc:getCode() == "None" then return "Languages whose script or scripts have not yet been specified in Wiktionary (and may not exist)." else return "{{{scprosename}}} का प्रयोग करने वाली भाषाएँ।" end end, umbrella_parents = {"सभी भाषाएँ"}, } script_labels["साँचे"] = { description = "{{{scprosename}}} के लिये पूर्व-परिभाषित सामाग्री वाले साँचे।", umbrella_parents = {"साँचे"}, } script_labels["मॉड्यूल"] = { description = "{{{scprosename}}} की फंक्शनता को लागू करने वाले मॉड्यूल।", umbrella_parents = {"मॉड्यूल"}, } script_labels["डेटा मॉड्यूल"] = { description = "{{{scprosename}}} से संबंधित डेटा रखने वाले मॉड्यूल।", umbrella_parents = {"डेटा मॉड्यूल"}, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["सभी लिपियाँ"] = { description = "This category contains the categories for every script (writing system) on Wiktionary.", additional = "See [[Wiktionary:List of scripts]] for a full list.", parents = {"मूलभूत श्रेणी"}, } -- Types of writing systems listed in [[Module:writing systems/data]]. raw_categories["लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"] = { description = "Scripts classified by how they represent words.", parents = {{ name = "सभी लिपियाँ", sort = " " }}, breadcrumb = "लिपि अनुसार", } raw_categories["Abjads"] = { description = "Scripts whose basic symbols represent consonants. Some of these are impure abjads, which have letters for some vowels.", parents = {"लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"}, } raw_categories["Abugidas"] = { description = "Scripts whose symbols represent consonant and vowel combinations. Symbols representing the same consonant combined with different vowels are for the most part similar in form.", parents = {"लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"}, } raw_categories["Alphabetic writing systems"] = { description = "Scripts whose symbols represent individual speech sounds.", parents = {"लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"}, } raw_categories["Logographic writing systems"] = { description = "Scripts whose symbols represent individual words.", parents = {"लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"}, } raw_categories["Pictographic writing systems"] = { description = "Scripts whose symbols represent individual words by using symbols that resemble the physical objects to which those words refer.", parents = {"लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"}, } raw_categories["Semisyllabaries"] = { description = "Scripts which are a combination of an alphabet and a syllbary.", parents = {"लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"}, } raw_categories["Syllabaries"] = { description = "Scripts whose symbols represent consonant and vowel combinations. Symbols representing the same consonant combined with different vowels are for the most part different in form.", parents = {"लिपियाँ प्रकार अनुसार"}, } for script_label, obj in pairs(script_labels) do raw_categories[mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(script_label) .. " लिपि अनुसार"] = { description = "विविध अलग-अलग लिपियों के " .. script_label .. " वाली श्रेणियाँ", breadcrumb = obj.umbrella_breadcrumb or "लिपि अनुसार", parents = obj.umbrella_parents, } end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Intro text for "root" categories such as [[Category:Arabic script]]. Template substitutions are as described above. local root_topright = [=[<div style="clear: right; border: solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa) 1px; margin: 1 1 1 1; background: var(--wikt-palette-paleblue,#f9f9f9); width: 250px; padding: 5px; text-align: left; float: right"> <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px">'''{{{scdisp}}}'''</div> {| style="font-size: 90%; background: var(--wikt-palette-paleblue,#f9f9f9)" | style="vertical-align: middle; height: 35px;" | [[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|35px|none|Wikipedia]] || ''Wikipedia article about {{{scprosename}}}'' |- | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 50px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);" | '''[[w:{{{Wikipedia}}}|{{{Wikipedia}}}]]''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; height: 35px;" | [[File:Crystal kfind.png|35px|none|Considerations]] || {{{scdisp}}} considerations |- | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 50px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);" | '''[[Wiktionary:About {{{scdisp}}}]]''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; height: 35px;" | [[File:Book notice.png|35px|none|Information]] || {{{scdisp}}} information |- | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 50px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);" | '''[[Appendix:{{{sccat}}}]]''' |- | style="vertical-align: Middle; height: 35px;" | [[File:Abc box.svg|35px|none|Code]] || {{{scdisp}}} code |- | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 50px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);" | '''{{{code}}}''' |} </div>]=] -- Short description for "root" categories such as [[Category:Arabic script]]. Template substitutions are as described above. local root_description = "This is the main category of '''{{{scprosename}}}'''." -- Additional description text for "root" categories such as [[Category:Arabic script]]. Template substitutions are as described above. local root_additional = [=[Information about {{{scprosename}}} may be available at [[Appendix:{{{sccat}}}]]. In various places at Wiktionary, {{{scprosename}}} is represented by the [[Wiktionary:Scripts|code{{{codesplural}}}]] {{{codes}}}.]=] -- Replace template notation {{{}}} with variables. local function substitute_template_refs(text, scdata) local sc = scdata.sc local scname = scdata.canonical_name local display_form = sc:getDisplayForm() -- FIXME: Here we assume that the few scripts that have lowercase canonical names don't have -- language-specific variants. If such scripts are created, we have to do this a different way. if mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(display_form) == display_form then display_form = scdata.category_name end local codes = {} if type(text) == "function" then text = text(scdata) end if not text then return nil end local function insert_code(name, code) if name == scname then m_table.insertIfNot(codes, "'''" .. code .. "'''") end end for code, data in pairs(mw.loadData(scripts_data_module)) do local rawname = data[1] if type(rawname) == "table" then -- e.g. script code `Aran` for lang, name in pairs(rawname) do insert_code(name, code) end else insert_code(rawname, code) end end if codes[2] then table.sort( codes, -- Four-letter codes have length 10, because they are bolded: '''Latn'''. function(code1, code2) if #code1 == 10 then if #code2 == 10 then return code1 < code2 else return true end else if #code2 == 10 then return false -- four-letter codes before other codes else return code1 < code2 end end end) end local content = { code = sc:getCode(), codesplural = codes[2] and "" or "", codes = concat(codes, ", "), scname = scname, sccat = scdata.category_name, scdisp = display_form, scprosename = (display_form:find("code") or display_form:find("semaphore")) and display_form or "the " .. display_form, Wikipedia = sc:getWikipediaArticle(), } text = string.gsub( text, "{{{([^}]+)}}}", function (parameter) return content[parameter] or error("No value for script category parameter '" .. parameter .. "'.") end) return text end local function get_root_additional(additional, scdata) local ret = {} local function ins(text) insert(ret, text) end local sc = scdata.sc local canonicalNameTable = sc:getCanonicalNameTable() if type(canonicalNameTable) == "table" then local default_name = sc:getCanonicalName() local default_catname = sc:getCategoryName() local matching_langs = {} local names_to_langs = {} for lang, name in pairs(canonicalNameTable) do local this_catname = require(scripts_module).canonicalNameToCategoryName(name) if this_catname ~= default_catname then -- Any "lang-specific" names that are the same as the default should be skipped. if this_catname == scdata.category_name then insert(matching_langs, lang) elseif names_to_langs[name] then insert(names_to_langs[name], lang) else names_to_langs[name] = {lang} end end end local function format_languages(langs) local langcats = {} for _, langcode in ipairs(langs) do local lang = require(languages_module).getByCode(langcode) if not lang then insert(langcats, ("<span class=\"error\">unknown language code '''%s'''</span>"):format(langcode)) else insert(langcats, lang:makeCategoryLink()) end end table.sort(langcats) return ("भाषाएँ%s %s"):format(langcats[2] and "" or "", m_table.serialCommaJoin(langcats)) end local function insert_other_names() local names_to_langs_lines = {} for name, langs in pairs(names_to_langs) do insert(names_to_langs_lines, ("* [[:श्रेणी:%s|%s]] for %s.\n"):format( require(scripts_module).canonicalNameToCategoryName(name), name, format_languages(langs) )) end table.sort(names_to_langs_lines) ins(concat(names_to_langs_lines)) end if default_catname == scdata.category_name then if next(names_to_langs) then ins(("This category corresponds to the default name for script code '''%s''', which also goes by the following language-specific names:\n" ):format(sc:getCode())) insert_other_names() ins("\n") end else ins(("This category bears a language-specific name for script code '''%s''', as used for %s. The script goes by the default name of [[:Category:%s|%s]]." ):format(sc:getCode(), format_languages(matching_langs), default_catname, default_name)) if next(names_to_langs) then ins(" The script has the following additional language-specific names:\n") insert_other_names() ins("\n") else ins("\n\n") end end end ins(additional) local systems = sc:getSystems() for _, system in ipairs(systems) do ins("\n\nThe {{{scname}}} script is ") ins(add_indefinite_article(system:getDisplayForm("singular"))) ins(".") end local blocks = require(blocks_submodule).print_blocks_by_canonical_name(scdata.canonical_name) if blocks then ins("\n") ins(blocks) end return substitute_template_refs(concat(ret), scdata) end -- Handler for 'SCRIPT script' e.g. [[Category:Arabic script]] as well as [[Category:Morse code]] and -- [[Category:Flag semaphore]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local sc, canonical_name = get_script_by_category_name(data.category) if not sc then return nil end local scdata = { sc = sc, canonical_name = canonical_name, category_name = data.category, } -- Compute parents. local parents = {} local systems = sc:getSystems() for _, system in ipairs(systems) do insert(parents, system:getCategoryName()) end insert(parents, "सभी लिपियाँ") -- Compute (extra) children. local children = {} for script_label in pairs(script_labels) do insert(children, data.category .. " " .. script_label) end return { canonical_name = data.category, topright = substitute_template_refs(root_topright, scdata), description = substitute_template_refs(root_description, scdata), additional = get_root_additional(root_additional, scdata), parents = parents, breadcrumb = canonical_name, extra_children = children, can_be_empty = true, } end) -- Handler for 'SCRIPT script LABELS' e.g. [[Category:Arabic script templates]] as well as [[Category:Morse code LABELS]] and -- [[Category:Flag semaphore LABELS]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local sc, category_name, canonical_name, label for lab in pairs(script_labels) do category_name, label = data.category:match("^(.+) (" .. pattern_escape(lab) .. ")$") sc, canonical_name = get_script_by_category_name(category_name) if sc then break end end if not sc then return nil end local label_obj = script_labels[label] -- Compute parents. local parents = { {name = category_name, sort = label}, -- umbrella category mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(label) .. " लिपि अनुसार", } local scdata = { sc = sc, canonical_name = canonical_name, category_name = category_name, } return { canonical_name = category_name .. " " .. label, description = substitute_template_refs(label_obj.description, scdata), additional = substitute_template_refs(label_obj.additional, scdata), parents = parents, breadcrumb = label, catfix = label_obj.catfix, catfix_sc = label_obj.catfix and sc:getCode(), } end) return {RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} chvkowav8n8e0wlfkg9xglmrvw4fp7y 828 307038 488037 2026-09-04T16:07:59Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488037 Scribunto text/plain local raw_handlers = {} local raw_categories = {} --[=[ This module implements the topic category subsystem. It is currently implemented with a single raw handler that handlers both language-specific and umbrella topic categories, and a corresponding handler for thesaurus categories. The topmost topic category [[:Category:All topics]] is special and potentially could be handled as a separate raw category, but currently it's handled as part of the raw topic handler. The topmost thesaurus category [[:Category:Thesaurus]] is in fact handled as a raw category. ]=] local functions_module = "Module:fun" local labels_utilities_module = "Module:labels/utilities" local languages_module = "Module:languages" local string_pattern_escape_module = "Module:string/patternEscape" local string_replacement_escape_module = "Module:string/replacementEscape" local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities" local table_module = "Module:table" local topic_data_module = "Module:category tree/topic/data" local topic_utilities_module = "Module:category tree/topic/utilities" local thesaurus_data_module = "Module:category tree/topic/thesaurus data" local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local dump = mw.dumpObject local is_callable = require(functions_module).is_callable local pattern_escape = require(string_pattern_escape_module) local replacement_escape = require(string_replacement_escape_module) local split = require(string_utilities_module).split local type_data = { ["related-to"] = { desc = "terms related to", additional = "'''NOTE''': This is a \"related-to\" category. It should contain terms directly related to " .. "{{{topic}}}. Please do not include terms that merely have a tangential connection to {{{topic}}}. " .. "Be aware that terms for types or instances of this topic often go in a separate category.", }, set = { desc = "terms for types or instances of", additional = "'''NOTE''': This is a set category. It should contain terms for {{{topic}}}, not merely " .. "terms related to {{{topic}}}. It may contain more general terms (e.g. types of {{{topic}}}) or more " .. "specific terms (e.g. names of specific {{{topic}}}), although there may be related categories ".. "specifically for these types of terms.", }, name = { desc = "names of specific", additional = "'''NOTE''': This is a name category. It should contain names of specific {{{topic}}}, not " .. "merely terms related to {{{topic}}}, and should also not contain general terms for types of {{{topic}}}.", }, type = { desc = "terms for types of", additional = "'''NOTE''': This is a type category. It should contain terms for types of {{{topic}}}, not " .. "merely terms related to {{{topic}}}, and should also not contain names of specific {{{topic}}}.", }, grouping = { desc = "categories concerning more specific variants of", additional = "'''NOTE''': This is a grouping category. It should not directly contain any terms, but " .. "only subcategories. If there are any terms directly in this category, please move them to a subcategory.", }, toplevel = { desc = "UNUSED", -- all categories of this type hardcode their description additional = "'''NOTE''': This is a top-level list category. It should not directly contain any terms, but " .. "only a {{{topic}}}.", }, } local function invalid_type(types) local valid_types = {} for typ, _ in pairs(type_data) do insert(valid_types, ("'%s'"):format(typ)) end error(("Invalid type '%s', should be one or more of %s, comma-separated") :format(types, mw.text.listToText(valid_types))) end local function split_types(types) types = types or "related-to" local splitvals = split(types, "%s*,%s*") for i, typ in ipairs(splitvals) do -- FIXME: Temporary if typ == "topic" then typ = "related-to" end if not type_data[typ] then invalid_type(types) end splitvals[i] = typ end return splitvals end local function gsub_escaping_replacement(str, from, to) return (str:gsub(pattern_escape(from), replacement_escape(to))) end function ucfirst(txt) local italics, raw_txt = txt:match("^('*)(.-)$") return italics .. mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(raw_txt) end function lcfirst(txt) local italics, raw_txt = txt:match("^('*)(.-)$") return italics .. mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(raw_txt) end local function convert_spec_to_string(data, desc) if not desc then return desc end local desc_type = type(desc) if desc_type == "string" then return desc elseif desc_type == "number" then return tostring(desc) elseif not is_callable(desc) then error("Internal error: `desc` must be a string, number, function, callable table or nil; received a " .. desc_type) end desc = desc { lang = data.lang, sc = data.sc, label = data.label, category = data.category, topic_data = data.topdata, } if not desc then return desc end desc_type = type(desc) if desc_type == "string" then return desc end error("Internal error: the value returned by `desc` must be a string or nil; received a " .. desc_type) end local function get_and_cache(data, obj, key) local val = convert_spec_to_string(data, obj[key]) obj[key] = val return val end local function process_default(desc) local stripped_desc = desc local no_singularize, wikify, add_the while true do local new_stripped_desc = stripped_desc:match("^(.+) no singularize$") if new_stripped_desc then no_singularize = true end if not new_stripped_desc then new_stripped_desc = stripped_desc:match("^(.+) wikify$") if new_stripped_desc then wikify = true end end if not new_stripped_desc then new_stripped_desc = stripped_desc:match("^(.+) with the$") if new_stripped_desc then add_the = true end end if new_stripped_desc then stripped_desc = new_stripped_desc else break end end if stripped_desc == "default" then return true, no_singularize, wikify, add_the else return false end end local function format_desc(data, desc) local desc_parts = {} local types = split_types(data.topdata.type) for _, typ in ipairs(types) do insert(desc_parts, type_data[typ].desc .. " " .. desc) end return "{{{langname}}} " .. require(table_module).serialCommaJoin(desc_parts) .. "." end local substitute_template_specs local function format_displaytitle(data, include_lang_prefix, upcase) local topdata, lang, label = data.topdata, data.lang, data.label local displaytitle = substitute_template_specs(data, topdata.displaytitle) if not displaytitle then return nil end if upcase then displaytitle = ucfirst(displaytitle) end if include_lang_prefix and lang then displaytitle = ("%s:%s"):format(lang:getCode(), displaytitle) end return displaytitle end local function get_breadcrumb(data) local topdata, lang, label = data.topdata, data.lang, data.label local ret if not lang and topdata.umbrella then ret = topdata.umbrella.breadcrumb or topdata.umbrella.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key end if not ret then ret = topdata.breadcrumb or topdata.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key or format_displaytitle(data, false, "upcase") or label end if type(ret) == "string" or type(ret) == "number" then ret = {name = ret} end local name = substitute_template_specs(data, ret.name) local nocap = ret.nocap return {name = name, nocap = nocap} end local function make_category_name(lang, label) if lang then return lang:getCode() .. ":" .. ucfirst(label) else return ucfirst(label) end end local function replace_special_descriptions(data, desc) if not desc then return desc end if desc:find("^=") then desc = desc:gsub("^=", "") return format_desc(data, desc) end local is_default, no_singularize, wikify, add_the = process_default(desc) if is_default then local linked_label = require(topic_utilities_module).link_label(data.label, no_singularize, wikify) if add_the then linked_label = "the " .. linked_label end return format_desc(data, linked_label) else return desc end end local function get_displaytitle_or_label(data) return format_displaytitle(data, false) or data.label end local function process_default_add_the(data, topic) local is_default, _, _, add_the = process_default(topic) if is_default then topic = get_displaytitle_or_label(data) if add_the then topic = "the " .. topic end end return topic, is_default end substitute_template_specs = function(data, desc) desc = convert_spec_to_string(data, desc) if not desc then return nil end local topdata, lang, label = data.topdata, data.lang, data.label if desc:find("{{{umbrella_msg}}}") then local catname = ucfirst(label) desc = gsub_escaping_replacement(desc, "{{{umbrella_msg}}}", "This category contains no dictionary entries, only other categories. The subcategories are of two " .. "sorts:\n\n* Subcategories named like \"{{{thespref}}}aa:" .. catname .. "\" (with a prefixed language code) are categories of terms in specific languages. " .. "You may be interested especially in [[:Category:{{{thespref}}}en:" .. catname .. "]], for English terms.\n" .. "* Subcategories of this one named without the prefixed language code are further categories just like " .. "this one, but devoted to finer topics." ) end if desc:find("{{{topic}}}") then -- Compute the value for {{{topic}}}. If the user specified `topic`, use it. (If we're an umbrella category, -- allow a separate value for `umbrella.topic`, falling back to `topic`.) Otherwise, see if the description -- was specified as 'default' or a variant; if so, parse it to determine whether to add "the" to the label. -- Otherwise, just use the label directly. local topic = not lang and topdata.umbrella and topdata.umbrella.topic or topdata.topic if topic then topic = process_default_add_the(data, topic) else local desc if not lang then desc = topdata.umbrella and get_and_cache(data, topdata.umbrella, "description") or get_and_cache(data, topdata, "umbrella_description") end desc = desc or get_and_cache(data, topdata, "description") if desc then local defaulted_desc, is_default = process_default_add_the(data, desc) if is_default then topic = defaulted_desc end end topic = topic or get_displaytitle_or_label(data) end desc = gsub_escaping_replacement(desc, "{{{topic}}}", topic) end desc = desc:gsub("{{{thespref}}}", data.thesaurus_data and "Thesaurus:" or "") return desc end local function process_box(data, def_topright_parts, val, pattern) if not val then return end local defval = ucfirst(data.label) if type(val) ~= "table" then val = {val} end for _, v in ipairs(val) do if v == true then insert(def_topright_parts, pattern:format(defval)) else insert(def_topright_parts, pattern:format(v)) end end end local function get_topright(data) local topdata, lang = data.topdata, data.lang local def_topright_parts = {} process_box(data, def_topright_parts, topdata.wp, "{{wp|%s}}") process_box(data, def_topright_parts, topdata.wpcat, "{{wp|cat=%s}}") process_box(data, def_topright_parts, topdata.commonscat, "{{commonscat|%s}}") local def_topright if #def_topright_parts > 0 then def_topright = concat(def_topright_parts, "\n") end if lang then return substitute_template_specs(data, topdata.topright or def_topright) else return topdata.umbrella and substitute_template_specs(data, topdata.umbrella.topright) or substitute_template_specs(data, def_topright) end end local function remove_lang_params(desc) desc = desc:gsub("^{{{langname}}} ", "") desc = desc:gsub("{{{langcode}}}:", "") desc = desc:gsub("^{{{langcode}}} ", "") desc = desc:gsub("^{{{langcat}}} ", "") return desc end local function get_additional_msg(data) local types = split_types(data.topdata.type) if #types > 1 then local parts = {"'''NOTE''': This is a mixed category. It may contain terms of any of the following category types:"} for i, typ in ipairs(types) do insert(parts, ("* %s {{{topic}}}%s"):format(type_data[typ].desc, i == #types and "." or ";")) end insert(parts, "'''WARNING''': Such categories are strongly dispreferred and should be split into separate per-type categories.") return concat(parts, "\n") elseif data.label == "all topics" then return "'''NOTE''': This is the topmost topic category for {{{langname}}}. It should not directly contain " .. "any terms, but only lists of topic categories organized by type." else return type_data[types[1]].additional end end local function get_labels_categorizing(data) local m_labels_utilities = require(labels_utilities_module) return m_labels_utilities.format_labels_categorizing( m_labels_utilities.find_labels_for_category(data.label, "topic", data.lang), nil, data.lang) end -- Return the description along with the text following and preceding the description. The description and additional -- (i.e. following) text are returned in the form of closures so the work of calculating the text (which can be -- expensive, especially in the case of the additional text, where get_labels_categorizing() scans the entire set of -- labels for any that categorize into this category) is not done when not needed, e.g. in higher levels of the -- breadcrumb chain, where only the breadcrumb and parents (in fact, really just the first parent) are actually needed. local function get_description_additional_preceding(data) local topdata, lang, label = data.topdata, data.lang, data.label local desc, additional, preceding -- This is kind of hacky, but it works for now. local function postprocess_thesaurus(txt) if not txt then return nil end if not data.thesaurus_data then return txt end txt = txt:gsub(" terms([ .,])", " thesaurus entries%1") return txt end if lang then desc = function() return postprocess_thesaurus(substitute_template_specs(data, replace_special_descriptions(data, get_and_cache(data, topdata, "description") or "default"))) end preceding = topdata.preceding additional = function() local additional_parts = {} if topdata.additional then insert(additional_parts, topdata.additional) end if not data.thesaurus_data then insert(additional_parts, get_additional_msg(data)) local labels_msg = get_labels_categorizing(data) if labels_msg then insert(additional_parts, labels_msg) end end return postprocess_thesaurus(substitute_template_specs(data, concat(additional_parts, "\n\n"))) end else if label == "all topics" then desc = "This is the topmost topic category for all languages." additional = "It contains no dictionary entries, only other categories. The subcategories are of two " .. "sorts:\n\n" .. "* Subcategories listed at the beginning, without a prefixed language code, are grouping " .. "categories similar to this category, but are devoted to general subject areas. Under them are " .. "finer-grained subject areas.\n" .. "* Subcategories named like \"aa:All topics\" (with a prefixed language code) are top-level " .. "categories like this one, but for specific languages. You may be interested especially in " .. "[[:Category:en:All topics]], for English terms.\n" .. "Note that categories under this tree categorize terms semantically rather than grammatically. " .. "Grammatical categories (such as all French verbs, or all English irregular plural forms) " .. "have a different naming structure, with the language name spelled out, such as " .. "[[:Category:French verbs]] or [[:Category:English irregular plurals]]." return desc, additional end -- Assume that if the description field contains a function, the function will return non-nil, so we don't -- have to call the function at this point (in case it is heavyweight). local has_umbrella_desc = topdata.umbrella and topdata.umbrella.description or topdata.umbrella_description desc = function() local desc = topdata.umbrella and get_and_cache(data, topdata.umbrella, "description") or get_and_cache(data, topdata, "umbrella_description") if not desc then desc = get_and_cache(data, topdata, "description") or "default" if desc then desc = replace_special_descriptions(data, desc) desc = remove_lang_params(desc) desc = desc:gsub("%.$", "") desc = "This category concerns the topic: " .. desc .. "." end end if not desc then desc = "Categories concerning " .. label .. " in various specific languages." end return postprocess_thesaurus(substitute_template_specs(data, desc)) end preceding = topdata.umbrella and topdata.umbrella.preceding or not has_umbrella_desc and topdata.preceding if preceding then preceding = remove_lang_params(preceding) end additional = function() local additional_parts = {} local topdata_additional = topdata.umbrella and topdata.umbrella.additional or not has_umbrella_desc and topdata.additional if topdata_additional then insert(additional_parts, remove_lang_params(topdata_additional)) end insert(additional_parts, "{{{umbrella_msg}}}") if not data.thesaurus_data then insert(additional_parts, get_additional_msg(data)) local labels_msg = get_labels_categorizing(data) if labels_msg then insert(additional_parts, labels_msg) end end return postprocess_thesaurus(substitute_template_specs(data, concat(additional_parts, "\n\n"))) end end preceding = substitute_template_specs(data, preceding) return desc, additional, preceding end local function normalize_sort_key(data, sort, parent_index) local topdata, lang, label = data.topdata, data.lang, data.label sort = sort or parent_index == 1 and (not lang and topdata.umbrella and topdata.umbrella.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key or topdata.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key) or nil if not sort then -- When defaulting sort key to label, strip 'The ' (e.g. in 'The Matrix', 'The Hunger Games') -- and 'A ' (e.g. in 'A Song of Ice and Fire', 'A Christmas Carol') from label. local stripped_sort = label:match("^[Tt]he (.*)$") if stripped_sort then sort = stripped_sort end if not stripped_sort then stripped_sort = label:match("^[Aa] (.*)$") if stripped_sort then sort = stripped_sort end end if not stripped_sort then sort = label end end sort = substitute_template_specs(data, sort) if not lang then sort = " " .. sort end return sort end local function get_topic_parents(data) local topdata, lang, label = data.topdata, data.lang, data.label local parents = topdata.parents if not lang and label == "all topics" then return {{ name = "Category:Fundamental", sort = "topics" }} end if not parents or #parents == 0 then return nil end local ret = {} for i, parent in ipairs(parents) do parent = mw.clone(parent) if type(parent) ~= "table" then parent = {name = parent} end parent.sort = normalize_sort_key(data, parent.sort, i) if type(parent.name) ~= "string" then error(("Internal error: parent.name is not a string: parent = %s"):format(dump(parent))) end if parent.name:find("^Category:") or parent.nontopic then -- leave as-is parent.nontopic = nil else parent.name = make_category_name(lang, parent.name) end parent.name = substitute_template_specs(data, parent.name) insert(ret, parent) end local function make_list_of_type_parent(typ) return { name = make_category_name(lang, ("list of %s categories"):format(typ)), sort = (not lang and " " or "") .. label, } end if topdata.type ~= "toplevel" then local types = split_types(topdata.type) for _, typ in ipairs(types) do insert(ret, make_list_of_type_parent(typ)) end if #types > 1 then insert(ret, make_list_of_type_parent("mixed")) end end -- Add umbrella category. if lang then insert(ret, { name = make_category_name(nil, label), sort = lang:getCanonicalName(), }) end return ret end local function get_thesaurus_parents(data) local topdata, lang, label = data.topdata, data.lang, data.label local parent_substitutions = data.thesaurus_data.parent_substitutions local parents = topdata.parents if not parents or #parents == 0 then return nil end local ret = {} for i, parent in ipairs(parents) do -- Process parent categories as follows: -- 1. skip non-topic cats and meta-categories that start with "List of" -- 2. map "en:All topics" to "English thesaurus entries" (and same for other languages), but map "All topics" itself to the root "Thesaurus" category -- 3. check if this parent is to be substituted, if so, substitute it -- 4. prepend "Thesaurus:" to all other category names parent = mw.clone(parent) if type(parent) ~= "table" then parent = {name = parent} end parent.sort = normalize_sort_key(data, parent.sort, i) if type(parent.name) ~= "string" then error(("Internal error: parent.name is not a string: parent = %s"):format(dump(parent))) end if parent.name:find("^Category:") or parent.nontopic then -- skip elseif parent.name == "all topics" or parent_substitutions[parent.name] == "all topics" then if not lang then insert(ret, { name = "Thesaurus", sort = label, }) else insert(ret, { name = "thesaurus entries", sort = parent.sort, lang = lang:getCode(), is_label = true, }) end else parent.name = "Thesaurus:" .. make_category_name(lang, parent_substitutions[parent.name] or parent.name) parent.name = substitute_template_specs(data, parent.name) insert(ret, parent) end end -- Add the non-thesaurus version of this category as a parent, unless it is a thesaurus-only category. if not topdata.thesaurusonly then insert(ret, { name = make_category_name(lang, label), sort = " " }) end -- Add umbrella category. if lang then insert(ret, { name = "Thesaurus:" .. make_category_name(nil, label), sort = lang:getCanonicalName(), }) end return ret end local function generate_spec(category, lang, upcase_label, thesaurus_data) local label_data = require(topic_data_module) local label -- Convert label to lowercase if possible local lowercase_label = mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(upcase_label) local uppercase_label = mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(upcase_label) -- Make sure that the label is either uppercase or caseless. -- FIXME: Will this run into weirdness if this code is used on the Turkish Wiktionary? if lowercase_label ~= uppercase_label and upcase_label ~= uppercase_label then error(("Topic category label '%s' needs to be uppercase in the category name"):format( upcase_label)) end -- Check if the label exists local labels = label_data["LABELS"] if labels[lowercase_label] then label = lowercase_label else label = upcase_label end local topdata = labels[label] -- Go through handlers if not topdata then for _, handler in ipairs(label_data["HANDLERS"]) do topdata = handler.handler(label) if topdata then topdata.module = handler.module break end end end if not topdata then return nil end local data = { category = category, lang = lang, label = label, topdata = topdata, thesaurus_data = thesaurus_data, } local description, additional, preceding = get_description_additional_preceding(data) local parents if thesaurus_data then parents = get_thesaurus_parents(data) else parents = get_topic_parents(data) end return { lang = lang and lang:getCode() or nil, description = description, additional = additional, preceding = preceding, parents = parents, breadcrumb = get_breadcrumb(data), displaytitle = format_displaytitle(data, "include lang prefix", "upcase"), topright = get_topright(data), module = topdata.module, can_be_empty = not lang, hidden = false, } end -- Handler for `Thesaurus:...` categories. table.insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local code, upcase_label = data.category:match("^Thesaurus:(%l[%a-]*%a):(.+)$") local lang if code then lang = require(languages_module).getByCode(code) if not lang then mw.log(("Category '%s' looks like a language-specific thesaurus category but unable to match language prefix"): format(data.category)) return nil end else upcase_label = data.category:match("^Thesaurus:(.+)$") end if upcase_label then local thesaurus_data = require(thesaurus_data_module) -- substituted category names are not allowed if thesaurus_data.parent_substitutions[lcfirst(upcase_label)] then error(("Category is not allowed as a Thesaurus category: %s (see the list of parent substitutions at " .. "[[Module:category tree/topic/thesaurus]])"):format(data.category)) end return generate_spec(data.category, lang, upcase_label, thesaurus_data) end end) -- Handler for regular topic categories. table.insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local code, upcase_label = data.category:match("^(%l[%a-]*%a):(.+)$") local lang if code then lang = require(languages_module).getByCode(code) if not lang then mw.log(("Category '%s' looks like a language-specific topic category but unable to match language prefix"): format(data.category)) return nil end else upcase_label = data.category end return generate_spec(data.category, lang, upcase_label) end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Thesaurus"] = { description = "Category for entries of the Wiktionary thesaurus, located in a separate namespace.", additional = [=[ There are '''three ways to browse''' the thesaurus: * Look under '''[[:Category:Thesaurus entries by language]]''' to get started. * Use the search box below. * Browse the thesaurus by topic using the links under "Subcategories" below. The main project page is [[Wiktionary:Thesaurus]]. {{ws header|<nowiki/>|link=}}]=], parents = { "Category:Fundamental", "Category:Wiktionary projects", }, } return {RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} 4jfuiwbcpbg0fmlg1wvnxn3il7zlogw 828 307039 488038 2026-09-04T16:10:37Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488038 Scribunto text/plain local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local insert = table.insert local ulen = m_str_utils.len local ulower = m_str_utils.lower local umatch = m_str_utils.match local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD local function track(page) require("Module:debug/track")("category tree/characters/" .. page) return true end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Terms by their individual characters subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering terms categorized by unusual characters contained in them.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "terms by their individual characters", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } -- FIXME! This should probably be deleted. raw_categories["Letters"] = { description = "Categories specifying individual letters, containing the languages that use those letters.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta}}}", parents = { "Fundamental", }, } raw_categories["IPA symbols"] = { description = "Symbols which are part of the {{w|International Phonetic Alphabet}}.", additional = "For more information, see [[Wiktionary:About International Phonetic Alphabet]].", catfix = "mul", breadcrumb = "IPA", parents = { {name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } raw_categories["Combining characters"] = { description = "Unicode [[combining character]]s, i.e. [[nonspacing]] characters that modify the appearance of another character, e.g. by adding a diacritic.", catfix = "mul", parents = { {name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } raw_categories["IPA combining characters"] = { description = "{{w|International Phonetic Alphabet}} [[combining character]]s.", catfix = "mul", breadcrumb_base = "combining characters", parents = {"IPA symbols", "Combining characters"}, } raw_categories["Redirected combining characters"] = { description = "Combining characters kept as redirections, typically to their non-combining counterparts.", additional = "Category members should be sorted by their targets, not by themselves.", catfix = "mul", breadcrumb = "redirected", parents = {"Combining characters", "Redirects"}, } raw_categories["Character variation redirects"] = { description = "Redirects from character variations to the preferred/canonical form of the character.", catfix = "mul", breadcrumb = "character variation", parents = {"Redirects"}, } raw_categories["IPA Braille"] = { description = "{{w|International Phonetic Alphabet}} [[Braille]] symbols.", catfix = "mul", breadcrumb = "IPA", parents = {"Braille script", "IPA symbols"}, } raw_categories["NAPA symbols"] = { description = "Symbols which are part of the {{w|Americanist phonetic notation|North American Phonetic Alphabet}}.", catfix = "mul", breadcrumb = "NAPA", parents = { {name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } raw_categories["UPA symbols"] = { description = "Symbols which are part of the {{w|Uralic Phonetic Alphabet}}.", catfix = "mul", breadcrumb = "UPA", parents = { {name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- If char is a combining character, returns a version with a dotted circle before it. local function add_dotted_circle(char, combining) return combining and "◌" .. char or char end insert(handlers, function(data) -- NOTE: The "character" in the title may actually be a description such as -- "gershayim". In that case, char= is specified as a parameter indicating the -- actual character. local titlechar = data.label:match("^terms spelled with (.+)$") if not titlechar then return nil end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { ["char"] = true, ["sort"] = true, -- Not sure what used to be done with the following parameters. ["context"] = true, ["context2"] = true, }) if args.context or args.context2 then track("terms-spelled-with-context") end local special_cases = { numbers = { sort = "#", desc = "numeric digits", }, emoji = { sort = "⌚", -- the first emoji in our list in [[Module:headword/data]] }, parentheses = { sort = "(", }, ["square brackets"] = { sort = "[", }, ["angle brackets"] = { sort = "<", }, braces = { sort = "{", }, } if special_cases[titlechar] then local sortkey = args.sort or special_cases[titlechar].sort return { description = "{{{langname}}} terms spelled with one or more " .. (special_cases[titlechar].desc or titlechar) .. ".", parents = {{name = "terms by their individual characters", sort = sortkey }}, breadcrumb = titlechar, umbrella = { breadcrumb = titlechar, parents = {{name = "Terms by their individual characters subcategories by language", sort = " " .. sortkey }} }, }, true end local char = args.char or titlechar local titlechar_is_desc = args.char and args.char ~= titlechar if titlechar_is_desc then track("titlechar_is_desc") end local lang = data.lang or require("Module:languages").getByCode("mul") local combining = ulen(char) == 1 and require("Module:Unicode_data").is_combining(char) local specials = {["ß"] = "ẞ", ["ͅ"] = "ͅ"} local upper = toNFD(char) :gsub("[%z\1-\127\194-\244][\128-\191]*", function(m) return specials[m] or m:uupper() end) upper = toNFC(upper) local standard_chars = lang:getStandardCharacters() -- FIXME: This should be able to handle non-atomic single characters (e.g. "Q̓"). if char ~= upper and ulen(char) == 1 then -- We want uppercase characters; but unless we're careful, we run into an issue with -- [[Category:English terms spelled with ı]] due to the weird behavior of this character, -- which has standard "I" as its uppercase equivalent. if standard_chars then local function err() error("Category titles should use uppercase characters: '" .. data.label .. "'", 2) end if lang:getCode() ~= "hi" and lang:getCode() ~= "lo" then if not umatch(standard_chars, upper) then err() end elseif not umatch(upper, "[" .. standard_chars .. "]") then err() end end end -- Compute description. local is_reconstructed = lang:hasType("reconstructed") local character = require("Module:links").full_link( { term = is_reconstructed and "" or char, alt = combining and add_dotted_circle(char, true) or is_reconstructed and "*" .. char or nil, lang = lang, tr = combining and "-" or nil, }, "term" ) -- If the letter has a lowercase form that's also not in the standard characters, -- show it. This time, it's [[Category:English terms spelled with İ]] that causes -- issues, because the lowercase equivalent is standard "i". -- Note that ulower("İ") has a bug where it outputs "i" with a combining dot, instead -- of plain "i", so this has to be accounted for. local lower = ulower(char:gsub("İ", "I")) if lower ~= char and not (standard_chars and umatch(lower, "[" .. standard_chars .. "]")) then character = "upper case " .. character .. " or lower case " .. require("Module:links").full_link( { term = is_reconstructed and "" or lower, alt = is_reconstructed and "*" .. lower or nil, lang = lang }, "term" ) end if titlechar_is_desc then character = character .. " (" .. titlechar .. ")" end local description = "{{{langname}}} terms spelled with " .. character .. "." -- Set tagged character for displaytitle and breadcrumb. local tagged_titlechar = not titlechar_is_desc and require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(titlechar, lang, nil, "term") or nil local tagged_char = titlechar_is_desc and titlechar or require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(add_dotted_circle(char, combining), lang, nil, "term") local han = umatch(char, "^[" .. require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Hani").characters .. "]+$") -- Make the sortkey. Always use Hani-sortkey for Han characters, as this circumvents any reading-based sortkey methods. local sortkey = args.sort or han and require("Module:Hani-sortkey").makeSortKey(char) or lang:makeSortKey(char) -- Use the char as a fallback. if sortkey == "" then sortkey = char end return { description = description, -- The following doesn't apply to Sinitic or Japonic, where we categorize all characters. additional = ( not lang:inFamily("zhx", "jpx") and "Note that categories of the form <code><var>lang</var> terms spelled with <var>char</var></code> are intended for characters not part of the standard repertoire of a language (e.g. Cyrillic characters or accented characters in English, or Latin characters in Russian)." or nil ), displaytitle = ( not titlechar_is_desc and "{{{langname}}} terms spelled with " .. tagged_titlechar or nil ), parents = {{ name = "terms by their individual characters", sort = sortkey }}, breadcrumb = tagged_char, umbrella = { displaytitle = ( not titlechar_is_desc and "Terms spelled with " .. tagged_titlechar .. " by language" or nil ), breadcrumb = tagged_char, parents = {{ name = "Terms by their individual characters subcategories by language", sort = " " .. sortkey }} }, }, true end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Special-cased categories that we allow, for Turkish letters. local letter_cat_allow_list = require("Module:table").listToSet { "İi", } insert(raw_handlers, function(data) -- Only recognize cases consisting of an uppercase letter followed by the -- corresponding lowercase letter, either as the entire category name or -- followed by a colon (for cases like [[Category:Gg: ⠛]]). Cases that -- don't fit this profile (e.g. for Turkish [[Category:İi]] and -- [[Category:Iı]]) need to call {{letter cat}} directly. Formerly this -- handler was much less restrictive and would fire on categories named -- [[Category:zh:]], [[Category:RFQ]], etc. local upper, lower = umatch(data.category, "^(%u)(%l)%f[:%z]") if not upper or not letter_cat_allow_list[data.category] and lower:uupper() ~= upper then return nil end return { description = ('Languages that use the uppercase letter "%s" (lowercase equivalent "%s").'):format(upper, lower), parents = {"Letters"}, } end) return {RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} 98paca6s9jwtcekjy5eyacv7zlu4uef 828 307040 488039 2026-09-04T16:11:28Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488039 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["figures of speech"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose interpretation is not strictly literal, but are used in figurative ways or for special effect.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["abbreviated euphemisms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} shortened euphemisms for profane, blasphemous, or taboo terms.", parents = {"euphemisms"}, } labels["aphorisms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} phrases that convey basic concepts in a manner short and easily memorable. Typically conveying a concise statement of a scientific principle or truth.", parents = {"figures of speech"}, } labels["catchphrases"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} phrases that are popularized through repeated use.", parents = {"figures of speech"}, } labels["dysphemisms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[dysphemism]]s (offensive, vulgar or otherwise negative terms used in place of a neutral alternative).", parents = {"figures of speech"}, } labels["euphemisms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that indirectly refer to something unpleasant or controversial.", parents = {"figures of speech"}, } labels["chengyu"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} phrases originating in Classical Chinese, typically four characters in length.", parents = {"idioms"}, } labels["hyperboles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms used as exaggerations for emphasis, rather than being taken literally.", parents = {"figures of speech"}, } labels["idioms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} phrases understood by subjective, as opposed to literal meanings.", parents = {"figures of speech", "multiword terms"}, } labels["litotes"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} litotical expressions or terms commonly used in [[litotes]] (stating something by denying its opposite).", parents = {"figures of speech"}, } labels["meioses"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} meiotic expressions or terms commonly used in [[meiosis]] (downplaying the focal point of a statement for effect).", parents = {"figures of speech"}, } labels["metaphors"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} phrases that invoke a similarity with something else.", parents = {"figures of speech"}, } labels["minced oaths"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} euphemisms for profane, blasphemous, or taboo terms.", parents = {"euphemisms"}, } labels["proverbs"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} phrases popularly known as representations of common sense.", parents = {"figures of speech", "phrases"}, } labels["sarcastic terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used sarcastically.", parents = {"figures of speech"}, } labels["similes"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} figures of speech in which one thing is compared to another.", parents = {"figures of speech"}, } labels["set phrases"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} An established expression whose wording is subject to little or no variation.", parents = {"figures of speech"}, } labels["snowclones"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} clichés using old idioms with varying words in new contexts.", parents = {"idioms"}, } labels["synecdoches"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} figures of speech in which a term for a part of something is used to refer to the whole [[pars pro toto]], or vice versa [[totum pro parte]].", parents = {"figures of speech"}, } -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for key, data in pairs(labels) do if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Figures of speech subcategories by language" end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Figures of speech subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to figures of speech.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "figures of speech", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories} mk8clef6mptsatg72gj2iku54dt8xmj 828 307041 488040 2026-09-04T16:11:58Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488040 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["terms by grammatical category"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by their grammatical category.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["indeclinable terms"] = { description = "Indeclinable {{{langname}}} terms categorized by their part of speech.", umbrella_parents = "Indeclinable terms subcategories by language", parents = {{name = "terms by grammatical category"}}, } labels["suppletive terms"] = { description = "Suppletive {{{langname}}} terms categorized by their part of speech.", umbrella_parents = "Suppletion subcategories by language", parents = {{name = "terms by grammatical category"}}, } ------- GENDER ------- for _, pos in ipairs { "nouns", "pronouns", "proper nouns", "suffixes" } do labels[pos .. " by gender"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " organized by the gender they belong to.", breadcrumb = "by gender", parents = {{name = pos, sort = "gender"}}, } labels[pos .. " with irregular gender"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " whose ending is not typical for " .. pos .. " of their gender.", breadcrumb = "with irregular gender", parents = {{name = "irregular " .. pos, sort = "irregular gender"}}, } labels[pos .. " with multiple genders"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that belong to more than one gender.", breadcrumb = "with multiple genders", parents = {{name = pos .. " by gender", sort = "multiple genders"}}, } labels["common-gender " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " of {{glossary|common gender}}, i.e. belonging to a gender category that combines the function of {{glossary|masculine}} and {{glossary|feminine}} and is opposed to the {{glossary|neuter}} gender.", breadcrumb = "common-gender", parents = {pos .. " by gender"}, } labels["feminine " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " of {{glossary|feminine}} gender, i.e. belonging to a gender category that contains (among other things) female beings.", breadcrumb = "feminine", parents = {pos .. " by gender"}, } labels["masculine " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " of {{glossary|masculine}} gender, i.e. belonging to a gender category that contains (among other things) male beings.", breadcrumb = "masculine", parents = {pos .. " by gender"}, } labels["masculine and feminine " .. pos .. " by sense"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that may be either {{glossary|masculine}} or {{glossary|feminine}} depending on whether they refer to male or female beings.", breadcrumb = "masculine and feminine by sense", parents = {pos .. " by gender"}, } labels["neuter " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " of {{glossary|neuter}} gender, i.e. belonging to a gender category that does not usually contain male or female beings.", breadcrumb = "neuter", parents = {pos .. " by gender"}, } labels["gender-neutral " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that are applicable to all people, independent of gender.", breadcrumb = "gender-neutral", parents = {pos .. " by gender", "gender-neutral terms"}, } end for _, pos in ipairs({"adjectives", "determiners", "numerals", "participles", "suffixes"}) do labels["epicene " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " whose form is the same for both {{glossary|masculine}} and {{glossary|feminine}}, in languages whose " .. pos .. " normally distinguish gender.", breadcrumb = "epicene", parents = {pos .. " by inflection type"}, } end ------- NOUN CLASSES ------- labels["nouns by class"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns organized by the class they belong to.", breadcrumb = "by class", parents = {{name = "nouns", sort = "class"}}, } labels["alienable nouns"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are [[w:Inalienable possession|alienably possessed]].", breadcrumb = "alienable", parents = {"nouns"}, } labels["inalienable nouns"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are [[w:Inalienable possession|inalienably possessed]].", breadcrumb = "inalienable", parents = {"nouns"}, } ------- ANIMACY ------- for _, pos in ipairs({"nouns", "suffixes", "verbs"}) do labels["animate " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that refer to humans or animals.", breadcrumb = "animate", parents = {pos}, } labels["inanimate " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that refer to inanimate objects (not humans or animals).", breadcrumb = "inanimate", parents = {pos}, } labels[pos .. " with multiple animacies"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that belong to more than one animacy.", breadcrumb = "with multiple animacies", parents = {{name = pos, sort = "multiple animacies"}}, } end for _, pos in ipairs({"nouns", "suffixes"}) do -- This category should be used particularly in languages that have -- grammatical distinctions related to animals, such as Ukrainian. labels["animal " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that refer to animals.", breadcrumb = "animal", parents = {"animate " .. pos}, } -- This category should be used particularly in languages that have -- grammatical distinctions related to men, such as Polish. labels["nonvirile " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} plural " .. pos .. " that refer to a group without male humans.", breadcrumb = "nonvirile", parents = {pos, "pluralia tantum"}, } labels["personal " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that refer to humans.", breadcrumb = "personal", parents = {"animate " .. pos}, } -- This category should be used particularly in languages that have -- grammatical distinctions related to men, such as Polish. labels["virile " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} plural " .. pos .. " that refer to a group with at least one male human.", breadcrumb = "virile", parents = {pos, "pluralia tantum"}, } end ------- INFLECTED PARTS OF SPEECH ------- -- Add "POS by inflection type", "irregular POS" and "POS by tone" -- categories for (potentially) inflected parts of speech. local inflected_poses = { "adjectives", "adverbs", "determiners", "nouns", "numerals", "participles", "pronouns", "proper nouns", "suffixes", "verbs", } for _, pos in ipairs(inflected_poses) do labels[pos .. " by inflection type"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " organized by the type of inflection they follow.", breadcrumb = "by inflection type", parents = {{name = pos, sort = "inflection"}}, } labels["irregular " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that follow non-standard patterns of inflection.", breadcrumb = "irregular", parents = {pos .. " by inflection type"}, } labels["defective " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that lack one or more forms in their inflections.", breadcrumb = "defective", parents = {pos, "irregular " .. pos}, } labels["suppletive " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that have inflected forms from different roots.", breadcrumb = "suppletive", umbrella_parents = "Suppletion subcategories by language", parents = { "irregular " .. pos, "suppletive terms", }, } if pos ~= "verbs" and pos ~= "adverbs" then labels["indeclinable " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that do not display additional grammatical relations by means of declension.", breadcrumb = "indeclinable", umbrella_parents = "Indeclinable terms subcategories by language", parents = { pos .. " by inflection type", "indeclinable terms", }, } labels[pos .. " with multiple declensions"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that follow more than one type of inflection.", breadcrumb = "with multiple declensions", parents = {{name = pos .. " by inflection type", sort = "multiple declensions"}}, } labels[pos .. " with multiple plurals"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that have more than one possible plural (sometimes with distinct meanings).", breadcrumb = "with multiple plurals", parents = {{name = pos .. " by inflection type", sort = "multiple plurals"}}, } end labels[pos .. " by tone"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " organized by the tone they follow.", breadcrumb = "by tone", parents = {{name = pos .. " by inflection type", sort = "tone"}}, } labels[pos .. " by vowel harmony"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " organized by the vowel harmony they follow.", breadcrumb = "by vowel harmony", parents = {{name = pos .. " by inflection type", sort = "vowel harmony"}}, } end -- FIXME: Only used currently for Arabic; probably should be removed as a general category. labels["irregular elative adjectives"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} elative adjectives that follow non-standard patterns of inflection.", parents = {"adjectives by inflection type"}, } for _, pos in ipairs { "nouns", "proper nouns", "pronouns" } do labels[pos .. " with irregular plurals"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " whose plural is formed irregularly.", breadcrumb = "with irregular plurals", parents = {{name = "irregular " .. pos, sort = "irregular plurals"}}, } labels[pos .. " with unattested plurals"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " whose plural is unattested.", breadcrumb = "with unattested plurals", parents = {{name = pos, sort = "unattested plurals"}}, } labels["definite " .. pos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " that are inherently definite and have definite concord.", breadcrumb = "definite", parents = {pos .. " by inflection type"}, } end local labels2 = {} -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for key, data in pairs(labels) do labels2[key] = data if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Terms by grammatical category subcategories by language" end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Terms by grammatical category subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to grammatical categories, such as gender, animacy and noun and verb classes.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "terms by grammatical category", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } raw_categories["Indeclinable terms subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering indeclinable terms in specific part-of-speech categories.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", "Terms by grammatical category subcategories by language", }, } raw_categories["Suppletion subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering suppletive terms in specific part-of-speech categories.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", "Terms by grammatical category subcategories by language", }, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- table.insert(handlers, function(data) local class = data.label:match("^class (.+) nouns$") if class then local classnum, suffix = class:match("^(%d+)(.*)$") return { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that belong to class " .. class .. ".", breadcrumb = {name = class, nocap = true}, umbrella = false, parents = {{ name = "nouns by class", sort = classnum and ("#%03d"):format(classnum) .. suffix or class, }}, } end end) table.insert(handlers, function(data) local pos, tone = data.label:match("^(.+) with tone ([^ ]+)$") if pos then return { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " with tone " .. tone .. ".", breadcrumb = tone, -- FIXME, should there be an umbrella category e.g. 'Adjectives with tone H by language'? umbrella = false, parents = {{ name = pos .. " by tone", sort = "" .. tone:len() .. tone, }}, } end end) table.insert(handlers, function(data) local vh, pos = data.label:match("^(.+)-harmonic ([^ ]+)$") if pos then return { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " with vowel harmony in " .. vh .. ".", breadcrumb = vh, umbrella = false, parents = {{ name = pos .. " by vowel harmony", sort = "" .. vh:len() .. vh, }}, } end end) table.insert(handlers, function(data) local pos, classifier = data.label:match("^(nouns) classified by (.+)$") if pos then local linktext if data.lang then -- Chinese classifiers may take the form TRAD/SIMP. This will cause problems if passed directly to [[Module:links]], -- but the module can accept links of the form TRAD//SIMP and display them correctly. if data.lang:getCode() == "zh" then classifier = classifier:gsub("/", "//") end linktext = require("Module:links").full_link({ term = classifier, lang = data.lang }, "term") else linktext = classifier end return { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. pos .. " using " .. linktext .. " as their classifier.", breadcrumb = classifier, umbrella = false, parents = {{ name = pos .. " by classifier", sort = (data.lang:makeSortKey(classifier)), }}, } end end) return {LABELS = labels2, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers} 0e6gyly5v26j3dy24of5trwu88u37j9 828 307042 488041 2026-09-04T16:13:02Z SM7 6218 "local raw_categories = {} -- This module contains definitions of language-specific categories that do not begin with the language in question. -- Specifying such definitions in the language-specific modules themselves is not supported (because all modules would -- have to be loaded to find the definitions). ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --..." के साथ नया पृष्ठ बनाया 488041 Scribunto text/plain local raw_categories = {} -- This module contains definitions of language-specific categories that do not begin with the language in question. -- Specifying such definitions in the language-specific modules themselves is not supported (because all modules would -- have to be loaded to find the definitions). ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- Albanian ----------------- raw_categories["Arvanitika Albanian letters"] = { lang = "sq", description = "{{w|Arvanitika}} Albanian symbols that represent single sounds.", parents = { {name = "Arvanitika Albanian", sort = "letters"}, {name = "letters", is_label = true, lang = "sq"}, }, breadcrumb = "letters", } ------------------- Korean ----------------- raw_categories["Sino-Korean words"] = { lang = "ko", description = "{{w|Sino-Korean vocabulary|Sino-Korean}} words, i.e. words of Chinese origin, as contrasted with native Korean, etc.", parents = { {name = "terms by etymology", is_label = true, lang = "ko"}, {name = "borrowed terms", is_label = true, lang = "ko"}, }, preceding = "{{also|:Category:Sino-Vietnamese words}}", } raw_categories["Sino-Korean words with compound tensing"] = { lang = "ko", description = "{{w|Sino-Korean vocabulary|Sino-Korean}} words where the initial consonant of the second component is converted to its {{w|Korean phonology#Tense|tense}} equivalent.", breadcrumb = "with compound tensing", parents = { {name = "Sino-Korean words", sort = "compound tensing"}, }, preceding = "{{also|:Category:Korean terms interfixed with -ㅅ-|Appendix:Sino-Korean tensing}}", } ------------------- Latin ------------------- for _, variety in ipairs {"Archaic Latin", "Old Latin"} do raw_categories[variety .. " lemmas"] = { lang = "la", description = ("[[:Category:%s|%s]] [[Wiktionary:Lemmas|lemmas]], i.e. independent dictionary entries."):format(variety, variety), parents = { {name = variety, args = {lect = "1"}}, {name = "lemmas", is_label = true, lang = "la"}, }, breadcrumb_base = "lemmas", } raw_categories[variety .. " non-lemma forms"] = { lang = "la", description = ("[[:Category:%s|%s]] inflected forms of other [[Wiktionary:Lemmas|lemmas]], rather than lemmas (i.e. independent dictionary entries) in their own right."):format(variety, variety), parents = { {name = variety, args = {lect = "1"}}, {name = "non-lemma forms", is_label = true, lang = "la"}, }, breadcrumb_base = "non-lemma forms", } end ------------------- Portuguese ------------------- raw_categories["Brazilian Portuguese forms"] = { lang = "pt", description = "Spellings used in {{w|Brazilian Portuguese}}, but not {{w|European Portuguese}}.", additional = "Adding {{tl|lb|pt|Brazilian Portuguese spelling}} to an entry page adds the entry to this category.", breadcrumb = "forms", parents = { {name = "Brazilian Portuguese", sort = "forms", args = {lect = "1"}}, }, preceding = "{{also|:Category:European Portuguese forms}}", } raw_categories["Brazilian Portuguese verb forms"] = { lang = "pt", description = "Verb form spellings used in {{w|Brazilian Portuguese}}, but not {{w|European Portuguese}}.", additional = "These spellings are official in Brazil but not in Portugal or its former African and Asian colonies. The category is automatically added by {{tl|pt-verb form of}}.", breadcrumb = "verb forms", parents = { {name = "Brazilian Portuguese forms", sort = "verb forms"}, {name = "verb forms", is_label = true, lang = "pt"}, }, preceding = "{{also|:Category:European Portuguese verb forms}}", } raw_categories["European Portuguese forms"] = { lang = "pt", description = "Spellings used in {{w|European Portuguese}}, but not {{w|Brazilian Portuguese}}.", additional = "These spellings are official in Portugal and often applied in Angola, Cabo Verde, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Macau, São Tomé and Principe, and Timor-Leste, but not in Brazil." .. "\n\nAdding {{tl|lb|pt|European Portuguese spelling}} to an entry page adds the entry to this category.", breadcrumb = "forms", parents = { {name = "European Portuguese", sort = "forms", args = {lect = "1"}}, {name = "African Portuguese", args = {lect = "1"}}, {name = "Asian Portuguese", args = {lect = "1"}}, }, preceding = "{{also|:Category:Brazilian Portuguese forms}}", } raw_categories["European Portuguese verb forms"] = { lang = "pt", description = "Verb form spellings used in {{w|European Portuguese}}, but not {{w|Brazilian Portuguese}}.", additional = "These spellings are official in Portugal and often applied in former Portuguese colonies other than Brazil. The category is automatically added by {{tl|pt-verb form of}}.", breadcrumb = "verb forms", parents = { {name = "European Portuguese forms", sort = "verb forms"}, {name = "verb forms", is_label = true, lang = "pt"}, }, preceding = "{{also|:Category:Brazilian Portuguese verb forms}}", } raw_categories["Brazilian Portuguese forms superseded by AO1990"] = { lang = "pt", description = "Brazilian Portuguese terms superseded by the {{w|Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990}}.", additional = "These terms were officially used in Brazilian Portuguese — but not European Portuguese — until December 2015, when the period of transition between the previous spelling standard and the [[w:Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990|Orthographic Agreement achieved in 1990]] ended.", breadcrumb = "Brazilian Portuguese", parents = { {name = "forms superseded by AO1990", is_label = true, lang = "pt"}, {name = "Brazilian Portuguese forms", sort = "superseded by AO1990"}, }, } raw_categories["European Portuguese forms superseded by AO1990"] = { lang = "pt", description = "European Portuguese terms superseded by the {{w|Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990}}.", additional = "These terms were officially used in European Portuguese — but not Brazilian Portuguese — until October 2015, when the period of transition between the previous spelling reform and the [[w:Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990|Orthographic Agreement achieved in 1990]] ended in Cape Verde. Portugal’s transition period ended in May 2015.", breadcrumb = "European Portuguese", parents = { {name = "forms superseded by AO1990", is_label = true, lang = "pt"}, {name = "European Portuguese forms", sort = "superseded by AO1990"}, }, } ------------------- Vietnamese ----------------- raw_categories["Sino-Vietnamese readings"] = { lang = "vi", description = "{{w|Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary|Sino-Vietnamese}} readings of Chinese terms.", parents = {"Vietnamese language"}, } raw_categories["Sino-Vietnamese words"] = { lang = "vi", description = "{{w|Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary|Sino-Vietnamese}} words, i.e. words of Chinese origin, as contrasted with native Vietnamese, Euro-Vietnamese, etc.", parents = { {name = "terms by etymology", is_label = "true", lang = "vi"}, {name = "borrowed terms", is_label = "true", lang = "vi"}, }, preceding = "{{also|:Category:Sino-Korean words}}", } raw_categories["Sino-Vietnamese words with uncreated Han etymology"] = { lang = "vi", description = "{{w|Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary|Sino-Vietnamese}} words whose equivalent Chinese-origin word does not exist.", additional = "This category is added by {{tl|vi-etym-sino}} when the concatenation of the specified Chinese components does not form a term that currently exists.", parents = { {name = "entry maintenance", is_label = "true", lang = "vi"}, {name = "term requests", is_label = "true", lang = "zh"}, }, hidden = true, } return {RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories} gtxnjpvc6ee0dwf1eunec5smg3jo6rt 828 307043 488042 2026-09-04T16:13:34Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488042 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local labels_module = "Module:labels" local labels_utilities_module = "Module:labels/utilities" local languages_module = "Module:languages" local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local string_pattern_escape_module = "Module:string/patternEscape" local string_replacement_escape_module = "Module:string/replacementEscape" local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities" local table_module = "Module:table" local m_table = require(table_module) local get_lang = require(languages_module).getByCode local insert_if_not = m_table.insertIfNot local pattern_escape = require(string_pattern_escape_module) local replacement_escape = require(string_replacement_escape_module) local serial_comma_join = m_table.serialCommaJoin local split = require(string_utilities_module).split local split_on_comma = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma local function track(page) -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/category tree/lects/PAGE]] return require("Module:debug/track")("category tree/lects/" .. page) end -- This module handles lect/variety categories of all sorts, e.g. regional lect categories such as -- [[:Category:American English]] and [[:Category:Provençal]]; temporal lect categories such as -- [[:Category:Early Modern English]]; sociolect categories such as [[:Category:Polari]]; and umbrella categories of the -- form e.g. [[:Category:Varieties of English]] and [[:Category:Regional French]]. -- FIXME: Eliminate the word "dialect" here and in the {{auto cat}} parameter in favor of "lect" or "variety". [DONE] --[=[ FIXME: 1. Support multiple parents. [DONE] 2. Support cat: in parents to indicate a category. [DONE] 3. When linking a description without embedded links, use the equivalent of {{wtorw}} to auto-link to Wikipedia. [DONE] 4. Support the = true. [DONE] ]=] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Language varieties"] = { description = "Categories that group terms in varieties of various languages (regional, temporal, sociolectal, etc.).", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Fundamental", }, } raw_categories["Regionalisms"] = { description = "Categories that group terms in regional varieties of various languages.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Fundamental", "Language varieties", }, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function ucfirst(text) return mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(text) end local function lcfirst(text) return mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(text) end local function page_exists(page) local title = mw.title.new(page) return title and title.exists end -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:Varieties of French]] and [[:Category:Varieties of Ancient Greek]]. table.insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("^Varieties of (.*)$") if langname then local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Categories containing terms in varieties of " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. " (regional, temporal, sociolectal, etc.).", parents = { "{{{langcat}}}", {name = "Language varieties", sort = langname}, }, breadcrumb = "Varieties", } end end end) -- Handle categories such as [[:Category:Regional French]] and [[:Category:Regional Ancient Greek]]. table.insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("^Regional (.*)$") if langname then local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Categories containing terms in regional varieties of " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", additional = "This category sometimes also directly contains terms that are uncategorized regionalisms: such terms should be recategorized by the particular regional variety they belong to, or categorized as dialectal.", parents = { "Varieties of {{{langname}}}", {name = "Regionalisms", sort = langname}, }, breadcrumb = "Regional", } end end end) -- Fancy version of ine() (if-not-empty). Converts empty string to nil, but also strips leading/trailing space. local function ine(arg) if not arg then return nil end arg = mw.text.trim(arg) if arg == "" then return nil end return arg end -- Get the full language to use e.g. in the settings. local function get_returnable_lang(lang) if lang:hasType("family") then return nil else return lang:getFull() end end -- Get the full language code to return in the settings. local function get_returnable_lang_code(lang) if lang:hasType("family") then return "und" else return lang:getFullCode() end end local memoizing_lect_handler local function category_to_lang_name(category) local getByCanonicalName = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName local lang lang = getByCanonicalName(category, nil, "allow etym", "allow family") if not lang then -- Some languages have lowercase-initial names e.g. 'the BMAC substrate', but the category begins with an -- uppercase letter. lang = getByCanonicalName(lcfirst(category), nil, "allow etym", "allow family") end return lang end -- Given a category (without the "Category:" prefix), look up the page defining the category, find the call to -- {{auto cat}} (if any), and return a table of its arguments. If the category page doesn't exist or doesn't have -- an {{auto cat}} invocation, return nil. local function scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat) local cat_page = mw.title.new("Category:" .. cat) if cat_page then local contents = cat_page:getContent() if contents then for template in require("Module:template parser").find_templates(contents) do -- The template parser automatically handles redirects and canonicalizes them, so uses of {{autocat}} -- will also be found. if template:get_name() == "auto cat" then return template:get_arguments() end end end end return nil end -- Try to figure out if this variety is extinct or reconstructed, if type= not given. local function determine_lect_type(category, lang, default_parent_cat) if category:find("^Proto%-") or lang:getCanonicalName():find("^Proto%-") or lang:hasType("reconstructed") then -- Is it reconstructed? return "reconstructed" end if lang:getCode():find("^qsb%-") then -- Substrate. return "unattested" end if lang:hasType("full") then -- If a full language, scrape the {{auto cat}} call and check for extinct=1. local parent_args = scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(lang:getCategoryName()) if parent_args and ine(parent_args.extinct) and require("Module:yesno")(parent_args.extinct, false) then return "extinct" end end -- Otherwise, call the lect handler recursively for the parent category. This is correct e.g. for -- things like subvarieties of Classical Persian, where the lang itself (Persian) isn't extinct but the -- parent category refers to an extinct variety. If the lect handler fails to return a type, it's because -- the parent category doesn't exist or isn't defined using {{auto cat}}, and doesn't have a language as a -- suffix. In that case, if we're dealing with an etymology-only language, check the parent language. Finally, -- fall back to returning "extant" if all else fails. local parent_type if default_parent_cat then export.register_likely_lect_parent_cat(default_parent_cat) parent_type = select(2, memoizing_lect_handler(default_parent_cat, nil, true)) end if parent_type then return parent_type end local parent_lang = lang:getParent() if parent_lang then return determine_lect_type(category, parent_lang, nil) end return "extant" end -- Try to figure out the region (used as the default breadcrumb and region description) from the language. If the -- language name is an etymology-only language, try to derive a region based on a parent etymology-only or full -- language. For example, if the pagename is '[[:Category:British English]]', the language is 'en-GB' (British English) -- and the same as the pagename, but we'd like to return a region 'British'. This is also called in cases where the -- language is explicitly given but we need to infer the region from the parent language; e.g. -- [[:Category:Lucerne Alemmanic German]] is a type of High Alemannic German but we want to infer 'Lucerne' based on -- the parent 'Alemannic German'. If this doesn't work and the language name has a space in it, we try using -- progressively smaller suffixes of the language. For example, for [[:Category:Walser German]]', the language is -- 'wae' (Walser German), but the parent is 'Highest Alemannic German', whose parent is 'Alemannic German' (a full -- language), and just "German" is nowhere in the parent-child relationships but found as a suffix in the parent -- language. Another such case is with [[:Category:Ionic Greek]], whose parent is 'Ancient Greek'. local function infer_region_from_lang(pagename, lang) local langname = lang:getCanonicalName() local lang_to_check = lang if ucfirst(langname) == pagename then lang_to_check = lang_to_check:getParent() end -- First check against the language name and progressively smaller suffixes; then repeat for any parents (of -- etymology languages). If the language name is the same as the page name, we need to start with the parent; -- otherwise we will always match against a suffix, but that's not what we want. while lang_to_check do local suffix = lang_to_check:getCanonicalName() while true do local region = pagename:match("^(.*) " .. pattern_escape(suffix) .. "$") if region then return region end suffix = suffix:match("^.- (.*)$") if not suffix then break end end lang_to_check = lang_to_check:getParent() end return nil end -- Modeled after splitLabelLang() in [[Module:category tree]]. Try to split off a maximally long language (full or -- etymology-only) on the right, and return the resulting language object and the region preceding it. We need to -- check the maximally long language because of cases like 'English' vs 'Middle English' and 'Chinese Pidgin English'; -- [[:Category:Late Middle English]] should split as 'Late' and 'Middle English', not as 'Late Middle' and 'English'. local function split_region_lang(pagename) local lang local region -- Try the entire title as a language; if not, chop off a word on the left and repeat. local words = split(pagename, " ") for i = 1, #words do lang = category_to_lang_name(table.concat(words, " ", i, #words)) if lang then if i == 1 then region = nil else region = table.concat(words, " ", 1, i - 1) end break end end if not region and lang then -- The pagename is the same as a language name. Try to infer the region from the parent. See comment at -- function. region = infer_region_from_lang(pagename, lang) end return lang, region end -- Return the default parent cat for the given language and category. If the language and category are the same, we're -- dealing with the overall cat for an etymology-only language, so use the category of the parent language; otherwise -- we're dealing with a subcategory of a regular or etymology-only language (e.g. [[:Category:Issime Walser]], a -- subcategory of [[:Category:Walser German]]), so use the language's category itself. If the resulting language is an -- etymology-only language or a family, the parent category is that language or family's category, which for -- etymology-only languages is named the same as the etymology-only language, and for families is named -- "FAMILY languages"; otherwise, use "Regional LANG" as the category unless `noreg` is given, in which case we use -- "Varieties of LANG". local function get_default_parent_cat_from_category(category, lang, noreg) if lang:getCode():find("^qsb%-") then -- substrate return "Substrate languages" end local lang_for_cat if ucfirst(lang:getCanonicalName()) == category then lang_for_cat = lang:getParent() if not lang_for_cat then error(("Category '%s' has a name the same as a full language; you probably need to explicitly specify a different language using |lang="):format(category)) end else lang_for_cat = lang end if lang_for_cat:hasType("etymology-only") or lang_for_cat:hasType("family") then return lang_for_cat:getCategoryName() elseif noreg then return "Varieties of " .. lang_for_cat:getCanonicalName() else return "Regional " .. lang_for_cat:getCanonicalName() end end -- Find the labels that categorize into `category`. Only categories specified using the `regional_categories` and -- `plain_categories` fields will be returned. `lang` is the language object to use when looking up categories specified -- using the `regional_categories` field, which append the language onto the specified category prefix. If `lang` is a -- family or is omitted, no categories specified using `regional_categories` will be returned. Lang-specific modules for -- all languages will be checked for matching labels that specify `category` as their category using `plain_categories`; -- this helps e.g. with varieties of Chinese, whose labels are found in [[Module:labels/data/lang/zh]]. The return value -- is a table in the same format as returned by `find_labels_for_category` in [[Module:labels/utilities]]. -- -- FIXME: It should be possible to check for categories specified using `regional_categories` even when `lang` is nil. local function find_labels_for_category(category, lang) local regional_cat_labels, plain_cat_labels local full_lang local m_labels_utilities = require(labels_utilities_module) if lang and lang:hasType("language") then full_lang = lang:getFull() local regional_component = category:match("^(.-) " .. pattern_escape(full_lang:getCanonicalName()) .. "$") if regional_component then regional_cat_labels = m_labels_utilities.find_labels_for_category(regional_component, "regional", full_lang) end end plain_cat_labels = m_labels_utilities.find_labels_for_category(category, "plain", full_lang, "check all langs") local all_labels if regional_cat_labels and plain_cat_labels then all_labels = regional_cat_labels for k, v in pairs(plain_cat_labels) do all_labels[k] = v end else all_labels = regional_cat_labels or plain_cat_labels end return all_labels end -- Find the labels for category `category` and language object `lang` (which can be nil or a family, but in that case, -- no labels on a category specified using `regional_categories`; FIXME: it should be possible to implement this). Then -- filter them down to those that are specified using a lang-specific module and sort them for use in checking -- properties such as parent and description. We filter down to only lang-specific labels because those specified in a -- general module (especially [[Module:labels/data/regional]]) won't be able to have proper descriptions and especially -- parents, which tend to be language-specific. The sort order prioritizes labels that match the category exactly -- (either through the canonical version or any alias); this is followed by labels that are a prefix of the category -- (again, either through the canonical version or any alias), so that labels whose categories are specified using -- `regional_categories` are prioritized. Any other labels are sorted last, so that e.g. if both the label "Alberta" and -- "Canada" (with alias "Canadian") for lang=en categorize into [[:Category:Canadian English]], we prefer the label -- "Canada". For cases where e.g. both labels match the category as prefixes, ties are broken by prioritizing the labels -- found in the lang-specific module whose language matches `lang`. -- -- Returns two items. The first is a table of all labels categorizing into `category` (subject to the provisos described -- in `find_labels_for_category()`), in the same format as returned by `find_labels_for_category` in -- [[Module:labels/utilities]]. (Specifically, the values are objects containing all relevant information on a given -- label, and the keys are less important.) The second is a list of label objects after filtering and sorting, in the -- same format as the values in the `all_labels` table. The first return value will be nil if no labels could be found -- categorizing into `category`, and the second return value will be nil if no labels remain after filtering. local function get_sorted_labels(category, lang) local all_labels = find_labels_for_category(category, lang) if not all_labels then return nil end local m_labels = require(labels_module) local lang_specific_pattern = "^" .. pattern_escape(m_labels.lang_specific_data_modules_prefix) local sorted_labels = {} for _, labelobj in pairs(all_labels) do if labelobj.module:find(lang_specific_pattern) then table.insert(sorted_labels, labelobj) end end local function sort_labelobj(a, b) local function matches_exactly(labelobj) if labelobj.canonical == category then return true end for _, alias in ipairs(labelobj.aliases) do if alias == category then return true end end return false end local function matches_as_prefix(labelobj) if category:find("^" .. pattern_escape(labelobj.canonical) .. " ") then return true end for _, alias in ipairs(labelobj.aliases) do if category:find("^" .. pattern_escape(alias) .. " ") then return true end end return false end local function tiebreak() local a_matches_lang = lang and a.lang:getFullCode() == lang:getFullCode() local b_matches_lang = lang and b.lang:getFullCode() == lang:getFullCode() if a_matches_lang and not b_matches_lang then return true elseif b_matches_lang and not a_matches_lang then return false else return a.canonical < b.canonical end end local a_matches_exactly = matches_exactly(a) local b_matches_exactly = matches_exactly(b) if a_matches_exactly and not b_matches_exactly then return true elseif b_matches_exactly and not a_matches_exactly then return false elseif a_matches_exactly and b_matches_exactly then return tiebreak() end local a_matches_as_prefix = matches_as_prefix(a) local b_matches_as_prefix = matches_as_prefix(b) if a_matches_as_prefix and not b_matches_as_prefix then return true elseif b_matches_as_prefix and not a_matches_as_prefix then return false else return tiebreak() end end table.sort(sorted_labels, sort_labelobj) if #sorted_labels > 0 then return all_labels, sorted_labels else return all_labels, nil end end -- Find the categories (only of type `regional_categories` and `plain_categories`) that label `label` categorizes into. -- Return value is nil if the label couldn't be located at all, otherwise a list of categories (which may be empty). local function get_categories_for_label(label, lang) local m_labels = require(labels_module) local labret = m_labels.get_label_info { label = label, lang = lang } if not labret.recognized then return nil end local categories = m_labels.fetch_categories(labret.canonical or label, labret.data, lang, nil, nil, {["plain_categories"] = true}) local reg_cats = m_labels.fetch_categories(labret.canonical or label, labret.data, lang, nil, nil, {["regional_categories"] = true}) if #reg_cats > 0 then for _, cat in ipairs(reg_cats) do table.insert(categories, cat) end end return categories end -- Given the sorted labels that categorize into `category`, return the parent categories for the first label that specifies -- any parents. `default` is the default parent category, usually "Regional LANG" or (if noreg=1 is specified) "Varieties of LANG"; -- it is used if the parent is explicitly given as `true` or "+" (or one of these values occurs among others), or if a parent label -- was given but didn't categorize into any regional or plain categories, or if no labels with parents could be found. If -- `all_cats` is specified, all categories associated with all specified parent labels (if more than one is present) are returned; -- otherwise, only the categories for the first parent label are returned. -- -- Returns two values: the list of parent categories and the label object from which the categories were derived (or nil if no -- label object could be found with a `parent` field, in which case the return value of the list of categories is a simple-element -- list consisting of `default`). The format of the parent category list is such that the list can directly be specified as the -- value of the `parents` field returned by the raw handler. This means that usually the individual list elements are strings -- (referring to raw poscat labels), but they may be strings prefixed by "Category:" (for arbitrary categories), or objects of the -- form {name = "CATEGORY", lang = "LANGCODE", is_label = true} for poscat language labels. local function get_parents_from_sorted_labels(sorted_labels, category, all_cats) for _, labobj in ipairs(sorted_labels) do local parent = labobj.labdata.parent if parent == true then parent = {parent} elseif parent and type(parent) == "string" then parent = split_on_comma(parent) end local function get_parent_cats(par) if par == true or par == "+" then return {"+"} end if par:find("^cat:") then return {"Category:" .. par:gsub("^cat:", "")} end if par:find("^Category:") then return {par} end if par:find("^rawposcat:") then return {(par:gsub("^rawposcat:", ""))} end if par:find("^poscat:") then local langcode, label = par:match("^poscat:([^:]+):(.*)$") if not langcode then error(("Parent poscatboiler language label '%s' for label '%s' for category '%s' (defined in module [[%s]]) needs to be of the form 'poscat:LANGCODE:LABEL'"):format( par, labobj.canonical, category, labobj.module)) end return {{name = label, lang = langcode, is_label = true}} end local this_cats = get_categories_for_label(par, labobj.lang) if not this_cats then error(("Parent label '%s' for label '%s' for category '%s' (defined in module [[%s]]) couldn't be located"):format( par, labobj.canonical, category, labobj.module)) end return this_cats end if parent then if type(parent) ~= "table" then error(("Internal error: Expected a string, boolean `true` or list for the value of the parent field for label '%s' for category '%s' (defined in module [[%s]]), but saw type '%s': %s"):format( labobj.canonical, category, labobj.module, type(parent), mw.dumpObject(parent))) end local cats if all_cats then cats = {} for _, par in ipairs(parent) do local this_cats = get_parent_cats(par) for _, this_cat in ipairs(this_cats) do insert_if_not(cats, this_cat) end end else cats = get_parent_cats(parent[1]) end if #cats > 0 then return cats, labobj end -- FIXME: If the parent doesn't specify any categories, should we try the next parent or fall back -- to the parent determined through get_default_parent_cat_from_category() (which is what we currently -- do)? return {"+"}, labobj end end return {"+"}, nil end local likely_lect_parent_cat = {} -- Register that `cat` is likely to be a lect cat, so we try to handle it as such in the lect handler when -- we are called on that category. This avoids the need to have manual allow-lists of nonstandardly-named parent -- lect categories to handle, such as [[:Category:Assyrian]], [[:Category:Ripuarian Franconian]] ("Franconian" is -- not a language) and [[:Category:Limburgan-Ripuarian transitional dialects]]. function export.register_likely_lect_parent_cat(cat) if type(cat) == "string" and not cat:find("^Category:") then likely_lect_parent_cat[cat] = true end end -- Handle lect categories such as [[:Category:New Zealand English]], [[:Category:Late Middle English]], -- [[:Category:Arbëresh Albanian]], [[:Category:Provençal]] or arbitrarily-named categories like -- [[:Category:Issime Walser]]. We currently require that lect=1 is specified to the call to {{auto cat}} to avoid -- overfiring. However, if called from inside, we are processing the breadcrumb for the parent (or conceivably the -- child) of a lect category, and won't have any params set, so we can't rely on lect=1. In that case, only fire -- if the category is or ends in the name of a full or etymology-only language, and scrape the category's call to -- {{auto cat}} to get the appropriate params. This means that nonstandardly-named categories like -- [[:Category:Issime Walser]] can't be parents of other lect categories. To work around this, either we have to -- relax the code below to operate on all raw categories (not necessarily a good idea), or we rename the -- nonstandardly-named categories (e.g. in the case above, to [[:Category:Issime Walser German]], since Walser German -- is a recognized etymology-only language). -- -- NOTE: We are able to handle categories for etymology-only families (currently only [[:Category:Middle Iranian]] and -- [[:Category:Old Iranian]]) and for etymology-only substrate languages (e.g. [[:Category:BMAC substrate]]). -- There is some special "family" code for the former. local function lect_handler(category, raw_args, called_from_inside) if called_from_inside then -- Avoid infinite loops from wrongly processing non-lect categories. We have a check around line 344 below -- for categories whose {{auto cat}} doesn't say lect=1, but we still need the following in case of -- non-existent categories we're being asked to process (e.g. [[:Category:User bcc]] -> -- [[:Category:Southern Balochi]] (nonexistent) -> [[:Category:Regional Baluchi]] (nonexistent), which -- causes an infinite loop without the check below. if category:find("^Regional ") or category:find("^Varieties of ") or category:find("^Rhymes:") then return nil end -- If called from inside we won't have any params available. See comment above about this. We scrape the -- category page's call to {{auto cat}} to get the appropriate params, and if that fails, we currently fall back -- to defaults based on the label(s) that categorize(s) into the category or the name of the category. Since the -- call from inside is only to get the parent category and breadcrumb, these defaults actually work in most -- cases but not all; e.g. in the chain [[:Category:Regional Yoruba]] -> [[:Category:Central Yoruba]] -> -- [[:Category:Ekiti Yoruba]] -> [[:Category:Akurẹ Yoruba]], if we are forced to use default values, we will -- produce the right parent for [[:Category:Central Yoruba]] but not for [[:Category:Ekiti Yoruba]], where the -- default parent would be [[:Category:Regional Yoruba]] instead of the correct [[:Category:Central Yoruba]]. local lang, breadcrumb = split_region_lang(category) if lang or likely_lect_parent_cat[category] then raw_args = scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(category) if raw_args and not ine(raw_args.lect) then -- We are scraping something like [[:Category:American Sign Language]] that ends in a valid language but is not -- a lect. return nil end if not raw_args then -- If we can't parse the scraped {{auto cat}} spec, return default values. This helps e.g. in converting -- from the old {{dialectboiler}} template and generally when adding new varieties. local parents, label_with_parent local function getprop(prop) return -- ine(raw_args[prop]) or label_with_parent and label_with_parent.labdata[prop] end local sorted_labels = select(2, get_sorted_labels(category, lang)) if sorted_labels then parents, label_with_parent = get_parents_from_sorted_labels(sorted_labels, category) if not lang and label_with_parent then lang = label_with_parent.lang end else parents = {"+"} end if not lang then -- We were instructed to scrape by virtue of `register_likely_lect_parent_cat`, but couldn't scrape -- anything. return nil end local default_parent_cat_from_category = get_default_parent_cat_from_category(category, lang, getprop("noreg")) for i, parent in ipairs(parents) do if parent == "+" then parents[i] = default_parent_cat_from_category end end local first_parent_cat = parents[1] if type(first_parent_cat) ~= "string" or first_parent_cat:find("^Category:") then -- Only keep `first_parent_cat` if it refers to a raw poscat label (which is probably a lect -- handler label). first_parent_cat = nil end track("lect") export.register_likely_lect_parent_cat(parents[1]) -- NOTE: When called from inside, the description doesn't matter; nor do any parents other than the -- first. This is because called_from_inside is only set when computing the breadcrumb trail, which -- only needs the language, first parent and breadcrumb. return { -- FIXME, allow etymological codes here lang = get_returnable_lang_code(lang), description = "Foo", parents = parents, breadcrumb = breadcrumb or lang:getCanonicalName(), umbrella = false, can_be_empty = true, }, determine_lect_type(category, lang, first_parent_cat) end else return nil end end if not called_from_inside and not ine(raw_args.lect) then return nil end -------------------- 1. Process parameters. ------------------- local boolean = {type = "boolean"} local sublist = {sublist = "comma without whitespace"} local args = require("Module:parameters").process(raw_args, { [1] = true, lect = boolean, lang = true, verb = true, prep = true, the = boolean, def = true, fulldef = true, addl = true, nolink = boolean, noreg = boolean, -- don't make the default parent be "Regional LANG"; instead, "Varieties of LANG" type = {set = {"extinct", "extant", "reconstructed", "unattested", "constructed"}}, cat = true, othercat = sublist, country = sublist, wp = true, wikidata = true, breadcrumb = true, also = {type = "title", sublist = "comma without whitespace", namespace = 14}, pagename = true, -- for testing or demonstration }) -------------------- 2. Initialize breadcrumb, regiondesc and language from category. ------------------- -- They may be overridden later. local lang, breadcrumb, regiondesc, langname category = args.pagename or category if not args.lang then lang, breadcrumb = split_region_lang(category) if lang then langname = lang:getCanonicalName() end -- The lang and/or breadcrumb may be nil at this point (e.g. we're processing a category like -- [[:Category:Singlish]] or [[:Category:Polari]] that doesn't have a language in it). We don't throw an error -- yet because we may be able to fetch the lang, regiondesc and breadcrumb from a label that categorizes into -- the category. regiondesc = breadcrumb else lang = get_lang(args.lang, "lang", "allow etym") langname = lang:getCanonicalName() if category == ucfirst(langname) then -- breadcrumb and regiondesc should stay nil; breadcrumb will get `category` as a default, and the lack of -- regiondesc will cause an error to be thrown unless the user gave it explicitly or specified def=. else breadcrumb = category:match("^(.*) " .. pattern_escape(langname) .. "$") if not breadcrumb then -- Try to infer the region from the parent. See comment at function. breadcrumb = infer_region_from_lang(category, lang) end regiondesc = breadcrumb end end -------------------- 3. Determine labels categorizing into this category. ------------------- local all_labels, sorted_labels = get_sorted_labels(category, lang) -------------------- 4. Determine parent categories and initialize additional properties. ------------------- -- The first label with a parent is used to fetch additional properties, such as region= and addl=. local parents local first_parent_cat = args.cat local label_with_parent local function getprop(prop) return args[prop] or label_with_parent and label_with_parent.labdata[prop] end if first_parent_cat then parents = {first_parent_cat} if not lang then error(("lang= not given and unable to parse language from category '%s' (didn't check labels categorizing into the category because cat= explicitly given)"):format(category)) end else if sorted_labels then parents, label_with_parent = get_parents_from_sorted_labels(sorted_labels, category, "all cats") if not lang and label_with_parent then lang = label_with_parent.lang langname = lang:getCanonicalName() end else parents = {"+"} end if not lang then error(("lang= not given, unable to parse language from category '%s' and can't find a label categorizing into the category"):format(category)) end local default_parent_cat_from_category = get_default_parent_cat_from_category(category, lang, getprop("noreg")) for i, parent in ipairs(parents) do if parent == "+" then parents[i] = default_parent_cat_from_category end end first_parent_cat = parents[1] end if type(first_parent_cat) ~= "string" or first_parent_cat:find("^Category:") then -- Only keep `first_parent_cat` if it refers to a raw poscat label (which is probably a lect handler label). -- WARNING: Code below using `first_parent_cat` must handle nil. first_parent_cat = nil end local othercat = getprop("othercat") if type(othercat) == "string" then othercat = split_on_comma(othercat) end if othercat then for _, cat in ipairs(othercat) do if not cat:find("^Category:") then cat = "Category:" .. cat end table.insert(parents, cat) end end local countries = getprop("country") or {} if type(countries) == "string" then countries = split_on_comma(countries) end -- If no breadcrumb, this often happens when the langname and category are the same (happens only with etym-only -- languages), and the parent category is set below to the full parent, so the breadcrumb should show the -- language name (or equivalently, the category). If the langname and category are different, we should fall back to -- the category. E.g. for Singlish, lang=en is specified and we can't infer a breadcrumb because the lect name -- doesn't end in "English"; in this case we want the breadcrumb to show "Singlish". breadcrumb = getprop("breadcrumb") or breadcrumb or category local the_prefix if args[1] then regiondesc = args[1] else local regionprop = getprop("region") if regionprop then regiondesc = regionprop elseif label_with_parent then -- It's not clear which of the following two are better. The second one uses the actual label display form, -- which might be argued to be better, except that it will often be linked to a Wikipedia article about the -- lect rather than the place. The first one just uses the canonical label directly (which will later be -- linked to itself if unlinked). A third possibility is to use `label_with_parent.display` if present, -- otherwise `label_with_parent.canonical`. regiondesc = label_with_parent.canonical if label_with_parent.display and regiondesc ~= label_with_parent.display then track("display-different-from-canonical") end -- regiondesc = require(labels_module).get_displayed_label(label_with_parent.canonical, label_with_parent.labdata, lang) end end the_prefix = the_prefix or getprop("the") and "the " or "" if #countries == 0 then countries[1] = regiondesc and the_prefix .. regiondesc or nil end for _, country in ipairs(countries) do if not country:find("[<=]") then country = require("Module:links").remove_links(country) local cat = "Category:Languages of " .. country if page_exists(cat) then table.insert(parents, cat) end end end -------------------- 5. Refine the language to an etymology-only child if possible. ------------------- -- Now that we've determined the parent, we look up the parent hierarchy until we find a category naming an -- etymology-only language. If we find one and it's a child of the language we've determined, use it. local ancestral_cat = first_parent_cat local refined_lang while true do refined_lang = category_to_lang_name(ancestral_cat) if refined_lang then break end export.register_likely_lect_parent_cat(ancestral_cat) local settings, _ = memoizing_lect_handler(ancestral_cat, nil, true) if not settings then break end ancestral_cat = settings.parents[1] end if refined_lang and refined_lang:hasParent(lang) then lang = refined_lang langname = lang:getCanonicalName() end -------------------- 6. Initialize `additional` with user-specified text and info about labels. ------------------- local additional = getprop("addl") local function append_addl(addl_text) if not addl_text then return end if additional then additional = additional .. "\n\n" .. addl_text else additional = addl_text end end if all_labels then local m_labels_utilities = require(labels_utilities_module) append_addl(m_labels_utilities.format_labels_categorizing(all_labels, nil, get_returnable_lang(lang))) end -------------------- 7. Augment `additional` with information about etymology-only codes. ------------------- local langname_for_desc local etymcodes = {} local function make_code(code) return ("<code>%s</code>"):format(code) end if lang:hasType("etymology-only") and ucfirst(langname) == category then langname_for_desc = lang:getParentName() local langcode = lang:getCode() table.insert(etymcodes, make_code(langcode)) -- Find all alias codes for the etymology-only language. -- FIXME: There should be a better/easier way of doing this. local ety_code_to_name = mw.loadData("Module:etymology languages/code to canonical name") for code, canon_name in pairs(ety_code_to_name) do if canon_name == langname and code ~= langcode then table.insert(etymcodes, make_code(code)) end end local addl_etym_codes = ("[[Module:etymology_languages/data|Etymology-only language]] code: %s."):format( serial_comma_join(etymcodes, {conj = "or"})) append_addl(addl_etym_codes) else langname_for_desc = langname end -------------------- 8. Try to figure out if this variety is extinct or reconstructed. ------------------- local lect_type = getprop("type") if not lect_type then lect_type = determine_lect_type(category, lang, first_parent_cat) end local function prefix_addl(addl_text) if additional then additional = addl_text .. "\n\n" .. additional else additional = addl_text end end if lect_type == "extinct" then prefix_addl("This lect is [[extinct language|extinct]].") table.insert(parents, "Category:All extinct languages") elseif lect_type == "reconstructed" then prefix_addl("This lect is [[reconstructed language|reconstructed]].") table.insert(parents, "Category:Reconstructed languages") elseif lect_type == "unattested" then prefix_addl("This lect is {{w|unattested language|unattested}}.") table.insert(parents, "Category:Unattested languages") elseif lect_type == "constructed" then prefix_addl("This lect is [[constructed language|constructed]].") table.insert(parents, "Category:Constructed languages") end -------------------- 9. Compute `description`. ------------------- local description local fulldef = getprop("fulldef") if fulldef then description = fulldef .. "." end if not description then local def = getprop("def") if def then description = ("Terms or senses in %s."):format(def) end end if not description then if not regiondesc then -- We need regiondesc for the description unless def= or fulldef= is given, which overrides the part that needs it. error(("1= (region) not given and unable to infer region from category '%s' given language name '%s'"): format(category, langname)) end local lang_en = get_lang("en", true) local linked_regiondesc = regiondesc -- Don't try to link if HTML, = sign, template call or embedded link found in text. Embedded links will -- automatically be converted to English links by JavaScript. local function linkable(text) return not text:find("[<={}%[%]|]") end if linked_regiondesc:find("<country>") then if not countries then error(("Can't specify <country> in region description '%s' when country= not given"):format(linked_regiondesc)) end -- Link the countries individually before calling serialCommaJoin(), which inserts HTML. local linked_countries = {} for _, country in ipairs(countries) do if linkable(country) then country = require("Module:links").full_link { lang = lang_en, term = country } end table.insert(linked_countries, country) end linked_countries = serial_comma_join(linked_countries) linked_regiondesc = linked_regiondesc:gsub("<country>", replacement_escape(linked_countries)) elseif not getprop("nolink") and linkable(linked_regiondesc) then -- Even if nolink not given, don't try to link if HTML or = sign found in linked_regiondesc, otherwise -- we're likely to get an error. if page_exists(linked_regiondesc) then -- Only construct a Wiktionary link if the page exists; otherwise construct a Wikipedia link. linked_regiondesc = require("Module:links").full_link { lang = lang_en, term = linked_regiondesc } else linked_regiondesc = ("[[w:%s|%s]]"):format(linked_regiondesc, linked_regiondesc) end end linked_regiondesc = the_prefix .. linked_regiondesc local no_longer_spoken = lect_type == "extinct" or lect_type == "reconstructed" or lect_type == "unattested" local verb = getprop("verb") or no_longer_spoken and "formerly spoken" or "spoken" local prep = getprop("prep") if not langname_for_desc then error(category) end description = ("Terms or senses in %s as %s%s %s."):format( langname_for_desc, verb, prep == "-" and "" or " " .. (prep or "in"), linked_regiondesc) end -------------------- 10. Compute the Wikipedia articles that go into `topright`. ------------------- local topright_parts = {} -- Insert Wikipedia article `article` for Wikimedia language `wmcode` into `topright_parts`, avoiding duplication. local function insert_wikipedia_article(wmcode, article) if wmcode == "commons" then insert_if_not(topright_parts, ("{{commons%s}}"):format( article == category and "" or "|" .. article )) else local wparg = ("%s%s"):format( wmcode == "en" and "" or wmcode .. ":", article == category and "" or article ) insert_if_not(topright_parts, ("{{wp%s}}"):format( wparg == "" and wparg or "|" .. wparg )) end end local function insert_wikipedia_articles_for_wikipedia_specs(specs, default) for _, article in ipairs(specs) do local foreign_wiki if article == true then article = default else if article:find(":[^ ]") then local actual_article foreign_wiki, actual_article = article:match("^([a-z][a-z][a-z-]*):([^ ].*)$") if actual_article then article = actual_article end end if article == "+" then article = default elseif article == "-" then article = nil else article = require("Module:yesno")(article, article) if article == true then article = default end end end if article then insert_wikipedia_article(foreign_wiki or "en", article) end end end local function insert_wikipedia_articles_for_wikidata_specs(specs, lang) if not mw.wikibase then error(("Unable to retrieve data from Wikidata ID's '%s'; `mw.wikibase` not defined"):format(args.wikidata)) end local wikipedia_langs = require(labels_module).get_langs_to_extract_wikipedia_articles_from_wikidata(lang) local ids_without_wmcodes = {} local ids_with_wmcodes = {} for _, id in ipairs(specs) do if id:find(":") then table.insert(ids_with_wmcodes, id) else table.insert(ids_without_wmcodes, id) end end for _, wmcode in ipairs(wikipedia_langs) do for _, id in ipairs(ids_without_wmcodes) do local article = mw.wikibase.sitelink(id, wmcode .. "wiki") if article then insert_wikipedia_article(wmcode, article) end end end for _, id in ipairs(ids_with_wmcodes) do local wmcode, wikidata_id = id:match("^(.-):(.*)$") local article = mw.wikibase.sitelink(wikidata_id, wmcode .. "wiki") if article then insert_wikipedia_article(wmcode, article) end end end if args.wp or args.wikidata then if args.wp then insert_wikipedia_articles_for_wikipedia_specs(split_on_comma(args.wp), category) end if args.wikidata then insert_wikipedia_articles_for_wikidata_specs(split(args.wikidata, "%s*,%s*"), lang) end elseif category == ucfirst(langname) then local wikipedia_langs = require(labels_module).get_langs_to_extract_wikipedia_articles_from_wikidata(lang) for _, wmcode in ipairs(wikipedia_langs) do local article = lang:getWikipediaArticle("no category fallback", wmcode .. "wiki") if article then insert_wikipedia_article(wmcode, article) end end end if #topright_parts == 0 and sorted_labels then for _, labobj in pairs(all_labels) do local wp_specs = labobj.labdata.Wikipedia if wp_specs then if type(wp_specs) ~= "table" then wp_specs = {wp_specs} end insert_wikipedia_articles_for_wikipedia_specs(wp_specs, labobj.canonical) end local wikidata_specs = labobj.labdata.Wikidata if wikidata_specs then if type(wikidata_specs) ~= "table" then wikidata_specs = {wikidata_specs} end insert_wikipedia_articles_for_wikidata_specs(wikidata_specs, labobj.lang) end end end local topright if #topright_parts > 0 then topright = table.concat(topright_parts) end -------------------- 11. Return the combined structure of all information. ------------------- track("lect") export.register_likely_lect_parent_cat(parents[1]) return { -- FIXME, allow etymological codes here lang = get_returnable_lang_code(lang), topright = topright, description = description, additional = additional, parents = parents, breadcrumb = {name = breadcrumb, nocap = true}, umbrella = false, can_be_empty = true, }, lect_type end local memoized_responses = {} memoizing_lect_handler = function(category, raw_args, called_from_inside) mw.log(category) local retval = memoized_responses[category] if not retval then retval = {lect_handler(category, raw_args, called_from_inside)} memoized_responses[category] = retval end local obj, lect_type = retval[1], retval[2] return obj, lect_type end -- Actual handler for lect categories. See lect_handler() above. table.insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local settings, _ = memoizing_lect_handler(data.category, data.args, data.called_from_inside) return settings, not not settings end) return {RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers, export = export} 9eqve9mdsmiu5rw4z3joqt6q5l5suxl 828 307044 488043 2026-09-04T16:14:23Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488043 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local insert = table.insert local ucfirst = require("Module:string utilities").ucfirst ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["terms by lexical property"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by properties relating to spelling, pronunciation or meaning.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}} } labels["autohyponyms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have at least two meanings, one of which is a hyponym of the other.", parents = {"terms by lexical property"}, } labels["contranyms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have two opposite meanings.", parents = {"terms by lexical property"}, } labels["double negatives"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms which include a [[double negative]], either etymologically or in a definition.", parents = {"terms by lexical property"}, } labels["heteronyms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have different meanings depending on their etymology and/or on how they are pronounced.", parents = {"terms by lexical property"}, } labels["nuqtaless forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are spelled without a [[nuqta]].", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, } labels["unhamzated forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are spelled without a [[hamza]].", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, } labels["palindromes"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose characters are read equally both from left to right and vice versa, normally ignoring spaces, [[diacritic]]s and punctuation.", parents = {"terms by their sequences of characters"}, } labels["pleonastic compounds"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} compound terms where the head is a hyponym of its other part and whose other part is its synonym.", parents = {"terms by lexical property", "compound terms"}, } labels["pleonastic compound adjectives"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} compound adjectives where the head is a hyponym of its other part and whose other part is its synonym.", breadcrumb = "adjectives", parents = {{name = "pleonastic compounds", sort = "adjectives"}, "compound adjectives"}, } labels["pleonastic compound nouns"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} compound nouns where the head is a hyponym of its other part and where the head is the synonym for the whole.", breadcrumb = "nouns", parents = {{name = "pleonastic compounds", sort = "nouns"}, "compound nouns"}, } labels["pronunciation spellings"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms spelled to represent a pronunciation, often a nonstandard one.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, } labels["tautophrases"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} phrases that repeat the same idea or concept using the same words.", parents = {"terms by lexical property"}, } labels["terms by orthographic property"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by properties relating to [[orthography]] or [[spelling]].", breadcrumb = "by orthographic property", parents = {{name = "terms by lexical property", sort = "orthographic property"}}, } labels["calculator words"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that can be spelled on a [[seven-segment]] display, as found on pocket calculators, by turning numbers upside-down.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, } labels["words spelled without vowels"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words spelled without vowels.", additional = "The letters counted as vowels may differ from language to language but typically include the conventional written vowels (''a'' ''e'' ''i'' ''o'' ''u'' ''y''), and may include other less common letters representing vowels (e.g. ''æ'', ''œ'', ''ø''). Terms in this category may contain vowel sounds in their pronunciation.", parents = {"terms by their sequences of characters"}, } labels["words by number of letters"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words categorized by number of letters.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, } labels["abbreviations by number of letters"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} abbreviations categorized by number of letters.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, } labels["roots by number of letters"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} {{lg|roots}} categorized by number of letters.", breadcrumb = "by number of letters", parents = { {name = "roots", sort = "number of letters"}, "terms by orthographic property" }, } labels["roots by shape"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} {{lg|roots}} categorized by their shape.", breadcrumb = "by shape", parents = { {name = "roots", sort = "shape"}, "terms by lexical property" }, } labels["words by number of syllables"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words categorized by number of syllables.", parents = {"terms by phonemic property"}, } labels["terms by their individual characters"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by whether they include certain individual characters.", breadcrumb = "by their individual characters", parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "individual characters"}}, } labels["terms by their sequences of characters"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by whether they include certain sequences of characters.", breadcrumb = "by their sequences of characters", parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "sequences of characters"}}, } labels["terms with consecutive instances of the same letter"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words categorized by the number of consecutive instances of the same letter they contain.", breadcrumb = "consecutive instances of the same letter", parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "consecutive instances of the same letter"}}, } labels["terms containing italics"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms containing [[italics]].", breadcrumb = "containing italics", parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "containing italics"}}, } labels["terms containing Roman numerals"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms containing [[Roman numeral]]s.", breadcrumb = "containing Roman numbers", parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "containing Roman numbers"}, {name = "terms spelled with numbers", sort = "Roman numerals"}}, } labels["terms with mixed convergence"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms where the spelling represents a variant pronunciation that differs from (one of) the current standard pronunciation(s).", breadcrumb = "with mixed convergence", parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "mixed convergence"}, "terms by phonemic property"}, } labels["terms with homophones"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have one or more [[homophones]]: other terms that are pronounced in the same way but spelled differently.", breadcrumb = "with homophones", parents = {{name = "terms by lexical property", sort = "homophones"}}, } labels["terms with honorific transposition"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} compound terms where the written order of the elements is reversed due to [[honorific transposition]].", breadcrumb = "with honorific transposition", parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "honorific transposition"}}, } labels["terms where the adjective follows the noun"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms where the adjective follows the noun. These adjectives within these terms are sometimes referred to as postpositive or postnominal adjectives.", breadcrumb = "adjective follows the noun", parents = {{name = "terms by lexical property", sort = "adjective follows the noun"}}, } labels["terms written in foreign scripts"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are written in a different, non-native script.", breadcrumb = "written in foreign scripts", parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "written in foreign scripts"}}, } labels["terms written in multiple scripts"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are written using more than one script.", breadcrumb = "written in multiple scripts", parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "written in multiple scripts"}}, } labels["terms by phonemic property"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by properties relating to [[pronunciation]] and [[phonemics]].", breadcrumb = "by phonemic property", parents = {{name = "terms by lexical property", sort = "phonemic property"}}, } -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for _, data in pairs(labels) do if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Terms by lexical property subcategories by language" end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Terms by lexical property subcategories by language"] = { breadcrumb = "subcategories", description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms categorized by their lexical properties, such as palindromes and number of letters or syllables in a word.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { {name = "terms by lexical property", is_label = true, sort = " "}, "Umbrella metacategories", }, } for _, v in ipairs{ {"words", "letters"}, {"abbreviations", "letters"}, {"roots", "letters"}, {"words", "syllables"} } do raw_categories[("%s by number of %s subcategories by language"):format(ucfirst(v[1]), v[2])] = { breadcrumb = "subcategories", description = ( "Umbrella categories covering topics related to %s categorized by their number of %s.") :format(v[1], v[2] ), additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { {name = ("%s by number of %s"):format(v[1], v[2]), is_label = true, sort = " "}, "Umbrella metacategories", }, } end raw_categories["Terms with consecutive instances of the same letter subcategories by language"] = { breadcrumb = "subcategories", description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms categorized by the number of consecutive instances of the same letter they contain.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { {name = "terms with consecutive instances of the same letter", is_label = true, sort = " "}, "Umbrella metacategories", }, } raw_categories["Long words by language"] = { description = "Categories with terms that are longer than a given (per-language) threshold.", additional = "{{{umbrella_msg}}}", parents = { {name = "terms by lexical property", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- for _, v in ipairs{ { "words", "letter", "composed of", function(n) local pl = n == "1" and "" or "s" return ("They have meaning(s) other than their letter%s or the shape of their letter%s which are not abbreviations, numbers or symbols."):format(pl, pl) end }, {"abbreviations", "letter", "composed of"}, {"roots", "letter", "composed of"}, {"words", "syllable", "pronounced with"} } do insert(handlers, function(data) local n = data.label:match(("^([1-9]%%d*)%%-%s %s$"):format(v[2], v[1])) if not n then return end local sortkey = require("Module:category tree").numeral_sortkey(n, 2097152) return { breadcrumb = n, description = ( "{{{langname}}} %s that are %s %d %s%s.") :format(v[1], v[3], n, v[2], n == "1" and "" or "s" ), additional = v[4] and v[4](n) or nil, umbrella = { breadcrumb = ("%d %s"):format(n, v[2]), parents = { { name = ("%s by number of %ss subcategories by language") :format(ucfirst(v[1]), v[2]), sort = sortkey } }, }, parents = {{name = ("%s by number of %ss"):format(v[1], v[2]), sort = sortkey}} } end) end insert(handlers, function(data) local n = data.label:match("^terms with ([1-9]%d*) consecutive instances of the same letter$") if not (n and tonumber(n) > 2) then return end local sortkey = require("Module:category tree").numeral_sortkey(n, 2097152) return { breadcrumb = n, description = ( "{{{langname}}} terms containing %d consecutive instances of the same letter.") :format(n), umbrella = { breadcrumb = ("%d consecutive instances"):format(n), parents = { {name = "Terms with consecutive instances of the same letter subcategories by language", sort = sortkey}}, }, parents = {{name = "terms with consecutive instances of the same letter", sort = sortkey}} } end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local langname = data.category:match("^Long (.*) words$") if langname then local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(langname) if not lang then return end local length_threshold = require("Module:headword/data").long_word_thresholds[lang:getCode()] if length_threshold then return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = ( "{{{langname}}} words that are " .. length_threshold .. " letters or longer." ), parents = { { name = "terms by orthographic property", lang = lang:getCode(), is_label = true }, { name = "Long words by language" }, }, } end end end) return { LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers } gsz9p9sbvfri4mdkyn53l9derax2zo8 828 307045 488044 2026-09-04T16:27:48Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488044 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local insert = table.insert local pattern_escape = require("Module:string utilities").pattern_escape ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["modules"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[Wiktionary:Modules|modules]], which contain Lua code to create and manage entries.", umbrella = { parents = {{name = "Modules", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = "by language", }, parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["data modules"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[Wiktionary:Modules|modules]] containing data used by other modules.", umbrella = { parents = {{name = "Data modules", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = "by language", }, breadcrumb = "data", parents = {"modules"}, } labels["dialect synonyms data modules"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[Wiktionary:Modules|modules]] containing data used by {{tl|dialect synonyms}}.", umbrella = { parents = {{name = "Dialect synonyms data modules", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = "by language", }, breadcrumb = "dialect synonyms", parents = {"data modules"}, } labels["inflection modules"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[inflection]] [[Wiktionary:Modules|modules]], which contain Lua code for generating conjugation and declension tables.", umbrella = { parents = {{name = "Inflection modules", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = "by language", }, breadcrumb = "inflection", parents = {"modules", {name = "inflection-table templates", sort = " "}}, } labels["testcase modules"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[testcase]] [[Wiktionary:Modules|modules]], which contain Lua code for testing other modules.", umbrella = { parents = {{name = "Testcase modules", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = "by language", }, breadcrumb = "testcase", parents = {"modules"}, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[=[ Correctly defining a new module type here: 1. The breadcrumb generally does not need to be given because there is code at the bottom of this file to generate the breadcrumb in a smart fashion by chopping off a suffix derived from the parent or any of its ancestors. 2. Module types can be nested under other module types, but also list them directly under 'Modules' as a secondary parent. (This violates a principle of non-duplication of categories but makes it much easier to locate a given module type.) ]=] raw_categories["Modules"] = { description = "This is a general holder category for modules.", additional = "For more information on what modules are and how they work, see [[Wiktionary:Scribunto]]. For a complete list of all modules, see [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:|here]].", parents = {"Category:Wiktionary"}, } raw_categories["Uncategorized modules"] = { description = "Uncategorized modules.", additional = "Modules are placed here by [[Module:documentation]] under certain circumstances. See the documentation of that module for more info.", parents = { {name = "Modules", sort = " "} }, } raw_categories["Appendix modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Appendix templates}}", description = "Modules with functions that generate content for or extract information from pages in the Appendix namespace.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Bot support modules"] = { description = "Modules for supporting individual bot accounts.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Category modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Categorization templates|:Category:Category templates}}", description = "Modules for adding categories to pages or generating the description and subcategories of category pages.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Character info modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Character info templates}}", description = "Modules containing information on individual characters, or containing functions generating such information.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Character insertion modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Character insertion templates}}", description = "Modules that implement templates that provide easier ways to type characters that are not found in most keyboard layouts.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Chemical element data modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Chemistry templates}}", description = "Modules containing per-language [[chemical element]] name data consumed by {{tl|chemical element box}} and {{tl|chemical element table}}.", parents = { "Data modules" }, } raw_categories["Collections modules"] = { description = "Modules containing functions used to implement collections (arrays, maps, etc.).", parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Data modules"] = { description = "Modules that do not contain functions, but only export a table of data that is used by other modules.", additional = "Modules that are in this category should be imported using <code>mw.loadData</code> rather than <code>require</code>.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Category tree data modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Category tree data modules/lang|:Category:Category tree data modules/topic}}", description = "[[Wiktionary:Modules|Modules]] containing data and code used by the category tree system for constructing the descriptions of categories.", parents = { "Data modules", "Category modules" }, } raw_categories["Category tree data modules/lang"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Category tree data modules|:Category:Category tree data modules/topic}}", description = "[[Wiktionary:Modules|Modules]] containing data and code used by the category tree system for constructing the descriptions of language-specific categories.", breadcrumb = "lang", parents = { {name = "Category tree data modules", sort = "lang"} }, } raw_categories["Category tree data modules/topic"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Category tree data modules|:Category:Category tree data modules/lang}}", description = "[[Wiktionary:Modules|Modules]] containing data and code used by the category tree system for constructing the descriptions of topic categories.", breadcrumb = "topic", parents = { {name = "Category tree data modules", sort = "topic"} }, } raw_categories["Character insertion data modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Character insertion templates}}", description = "Modules containing data for use by {{temp|chars}}.", parents = { "Data modules", "Character insertion modules" }, } raw_categories["Dialect synonyms data modules"] = { description = "Modules containing data for use by {{tl|dialect synonyms}}.", parents = { "Data modules" }, } raw_categories["Date modules"] = { description = "Modules that implement functionality to convert or otherwise manipulate dates in various calendar systems.", parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Debugging modules"] = { description = "Modules used for debugging.", additional = "Some should only be used in sandbox modules or when using the " .. "[[mw:Extension:TemplateSandbox|{{MediaWiki:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}]] button in the edit page of modules and templates.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Definition modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Definition templates}}", description = "Modules that implement templates used in [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition lines]] of entries.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Deprecated modules"] = { description = "Modules that should not be used, as their functions are performed by newer modules.", parents = { "Modules", "Category:Wiktionary maintenance" }, } raw_categories["Discussion modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Discussion templates}}", description = "Modules concerning discussion pages.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Display text-generating modules"] = { description = "Modules that are used to generate display text.", additional = "Display text determines what is shown to the reader. In some languages it must be normalized, " .. "due to common errors caused by confusable characters, or so as to ensure a consistent display format.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Documentation modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Documentation templates}}", description = "Modules for generating documentation pages.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Encoding modules"] = { description = "Modules for converting between different textual encodings.", parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Entry-generating modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Entry templates}}", description = "Modules with functions that are used to generate new entries.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Diacritic-stripping modules"] = { description = "Modules that strip diacritics from the displayed text in order to create the logical pagename.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["External link modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:External link templates}}", description = "Modules that are used in [[:Category:External link templates|external link templates]], i.e. which link to websites outside of the MediaWiki Foundation purview.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Etymology modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Etymology templates}}", description = "Modules that implement templates that define the etymology of entries.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Form-of modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Form-of templates}}", description = "Modules that generate the definition line of non-lemma forms, e.g. verb forms and noun forms.", parents = { "Definition modules", "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Headword-line modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Headword-line templates}}", description = "Modules that support [[:Category:Headword-line templates by language|headword-line templates]] for a specific language.", additional = "See also [[:Category:Headword-line templates]].", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Inflection modules"] = { description = "Modules used to support [[:Category:Inflection-table templates by language|inflection templates]] for a specific language.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Internal link modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Internal link templates}}", description = "Modules that are used in [[:Category:Internal link templates|internal link templates]], i.e. which link between Wiktionary entries.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Interwiki modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Interwiki templates}}", description = "Modules that are used in [[:Category:Interwiki templates|interwiki templates]], i.e. which link to other MediaWiki projects.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["JSON-generating modules"] = { description = "Modules with functions that generate data in JSON format.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Language and script modules"] = { description = "Modules that process language and script codes and return data on them.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["List modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:List templates}}", description = "Modules that generate lists, tables or tree diagrams of entries or other structured data.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Maintenance modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Maintenance templates}}", description = "Modules that implement templates used for maintaining entries.", additional = "Examples are cleanup templates (e.g. {{tl|attention}}), deletion templates (e.g. {{tl|rfd}}) and " .. "verification templates (e.g. {{tl|rfv}}).", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Morphology modules"] = { description = "Modules used to support [[:Category:Morphology templates|morphology templates]].", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Number modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Number templates}}", description = "Modules that handle conversion and/or formatting of numbers and numerals in various representations.", parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Page generation modules"] = { description = "Modules that generate parts of a mainspace page (e.g. headword line, definition, inflection, links, etc.).", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Parameter parsing modules"] = { description = "Modules containing functions used to parse template parameters.", parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Pronunciation modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Pronunciation templates}}", description = "Modules that implement templates used to create the language-specific pronunciation of entries.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Pronunciation testcase modules"] = { description = "Modules used to test other pronunciation modules.", parents = { "Testcase modules", {name = "Pronunciation modules", sort = "Testcase"} }, } raw_categories["Quotation and usage example modules"] = { description = "Modules that implement templates used to format quotations and usage examples.", parents = { "Definition modules", "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Reference modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Reference templates}}", description = "Modules that are used for [[:Category:Reference templates|reference templates]].", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Sandbox modules"] = { description = "Test versions of modules intended for production use.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Semantic relation modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Semantic relation templates}}", description = "Modules that implement templates used to indicate other terms semantically related to a " .. "particular sense, e.g. [[synonym]]s or [[antonym]]s.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Sign language modules"] = { description = "Modules used for sign languages.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Sortkey-generating modules"] = { description = "Modules that generate sortkeys, which determine the order of pagenames in categories.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["String modules"] = { description = "Modules containing functions used to manipulate strings.", parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Swadesh modules"] = { description = "Modules containing [[Swadesh list]]s.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Template interface modules"] = { description = "Modules whose purpose is to provide an interface between templates and the functions of a module.", additional = "They are usually named <code>.../templates</code>, and the functions present within them usually all " .. "have only a \"frame\" parameter.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Testcase modules"] = { description = "Modules used to test other modules.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Failing testcase modules"] = { description = "Modules which contain failures in their unit tests.", additional = "This category is added automatically by [[Module:UnitTests]] when a test case fails.", parents = { "Testcase modules" }, } raw_categories["Tracking modules"] = { description = "Modules that add tracking templates.", parents = { "Debugging modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Transliteration modules"] = { description = "Modules that automatically convert text in one script to another.", additional = "Most of them convert non-Latin scripts to Latin (romanisation/romanization), and are used by " .. "templates or modules to generate transliteration of text that is tagged with a particular language. Each " .. "language's transliteration module is specified in its data table (for which, see the category {{catlink|Language data modules}}).", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Transliteration testcase modules"] = { description = "Modules used to test other transliteration modules.", parents = { "Testcase modules", {name = "Transliteration modules", sort = "Testcase"} }, } raw_categories["Unused modules"] = { description = "Unused modules.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["User sandbox modules"] = { description = "Modules that are for personal use and testing by individual editors.", additional = "These should all begin with <code>User:</code> followed by the user's name. If several " .. "sandbox modules are needed by a single user, subpages can be created. These modules should not be used in real " .. "Wiktionary content pages, as all content on those pages should be editable by anyone and, if necessary, edit protected.", parents = { "Sandbox modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Utility modules"] = { description = "Modules that serve some sort of utility purpose in various entries.", additional = "Avoid categorizing directly into this category, but use one of the more specific (and semantically " .. "well-defined) module categories. Note also that modules used by multiple languages should go directly in this " .. "category if necessary, while modules only used by one language should be in [[:Category:Language-specific utility modules]].", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Language-specific utility modules"] = { description = "Modules that deal with several utilities needed by a certain language.", additional = "Usually their names end with {{cd|-utilities}} or {{cd|-common}} (preceded by the language code), " .. "although more specific utility modules that one language uses may reside here as well. If a utility is used by " .. "many languages, it should be in [[:Category:Utility modules]].", parents = {{name = "Utility modules", sort = " "}}, } raw_categories["Vote modules"] = { description = "Modules used to manage Wiktionary votes.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Wikitext parsing modules"] = { description = "Modules that contain functions that grab the wikitext of a page and get information from it by " .. "performing string operations on it.", parents = { "Modules" }, } -- Don't modify `raw_categories` while processing it, or items may be skipped. local new_cats = {} for raw_cat, obj in pairs(raw_categories) do local by_script = raw_cat .. " by script" if raw_cat ~= "Modules" and raw_cat ~= "Data modules" and not raw_categories[by_script] then new_cats[by_script] = { description = raw_cat .. ", categorized by the script they operate on or with.", additional = raw_cat .. " are " .. mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(obj.description), breadcrumb = "by script", parents = {{name = raw_cat, sort = " "}}, } end end for new_cat, obj in pairs(new_cats) do raw_categories[new_cat] = obj end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- for _, mod_type in ipairs {"Diacritic-stripping", "Sortkey-generating", "Transliteration"} do insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local n, suffix = data.category:match(("^%s modules used by (%%d+) language(s?)$"):format(pattern_escape(mod_type))) -- Only match if there are no leading zeroes and the suffix is correct. if not (n and not n:match("^0%d") and suffix == (n == "1" and "" or "s")) then return end return { breadcrumb = ("used by %d language%s"):format(n, suffix), description = data.category .. ".", can_be_empty = true, parents = { {name = ("%s modules"):format(mod_type), sort = require("Module:category tree").numeral_sortkey(n)}, }, } end) insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local famname = data.category:match(("^(.+) %s modules$"):format(pattern_escape(mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(mod_type)))) if famname then local fam = require("Module:families").getByCanonicalName(famname) if fam then return { breadcrumb = fam:getDisplayForm(), description = mod_type .. " modules used for " .. fam:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {("%s modules"):format(mod_type)}, } end end end) end -- Add breadcrumb by chopping off the parent (or the parent's parent, etc.) from the end of the label, if possible. for key, data in pairs(raw_categories) do if not data.breadcrumb then local parent = data.parents[1] while true do if type(parent) == "string" then local parent_re = " " .. pattern_escape(mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(parent)) .. "$" if key:find(parent_re) then data.breadcrumb = key:gsub(parent_re, "") break end if raw_categories[parent] then parent = raw_categories[parent].parents[1] else break end else break end end end end return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} pq7ix2axl8t8g20l2tq3nzgkyv0003s 488045 488044 2026-09-04T16:28:03Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/modules]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/मॉड्यूल]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488044 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local insert = table.insert local pattern_escape = require("Module:string utilities").pattern_escape ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["modules"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[Wiktionary:Modules|modules]], which contain Lua code to create and manage entries.", umbrella = { parents = {{name = "Modules", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = "by language", }, parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["data modules"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[Wiktionary:Modules|modules]] containing data used by other modules.", umbrella = { parents = {{name = "Data modules", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = "by language", }, breadcrumb = "data", parents = {"modules"}, } labels["dialect synonyms data modules"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[Wiktionary:Modules|modules]] containing data used by {{tl|dialect synonyms}}.", umbrella = { parents = {{name = "Dialect synonyms data modules", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = "by language", }, breadcrumb = "dialect synonyms", parents = {"data modules"}, } labels["inflection modules"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[inflection]] [[Wiktionary:Modules|modules]], which contain Lua code for generating conjugation and declension tables.", umbrella = { parents = {{name = "Inflection modules", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = "by language", }, breadcrumb = "inflection", parents = {"modules", {name = "inflection-table templates", sort = " "}}, } labels["testcase modules"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[testcase]] [[Wiktionary:Modules|modules]], which contain Lua code for testing other modules.", umbrella = { parents = {{name = "Testcase modules", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = "by language", }, breadcrumb = "testcase", parents = {"modules"}, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[=[ Correctly defining a new module type here: 1. The breadcrumb generally does not need to be given because there is code at the bottom of this file to generate the breadcrumb in a smart fashion by chopping off a suffix derived from the parent or any of its ancestors. 2. Module types can be nested under other module types, but also list them directly under 'Modules' as a secondary parent. (This violates a principle of non-duplication of categories but makes it much easier to locate a given module type.) ]=] raw_categories["Modules"] = { description = "This is a general holder category for modules.", additional = "For more information on what modules are and how they work, see [[Wiktionary:Scribunto]]. For a complete list of all modules, see [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:|here]].", parents = {"Category:Wiktionary"}, } raw_categories["Uncategorized modules"] = { description = "Uncategorized modules.", additional = "Modules are placed here by [[Module:documentation]] under certain circumstances. See the documentation of that module for more info.", parents = { {name = "Modules", sort = " "} }, } raw_categories["Appendix modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Appendix templates}}", description = "Modules with functions that generate content for or extract information from pages in the Appendix namespace.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Bot support modules"] = { description = "Modules for supporting individual bot accounts.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Category modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Categorization templates|:Category:Category templates}}", description = "Modules for adding categories to pages or generating the description and subcategories of category pages.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Character info modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Character info templates}}", description = "Modules containing information on individual characters, or containing functions generating such information.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Character insertion modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Character insertion templates}}", description = "Modules that implement templates that provide easier ways to type characters that are not found in most keyboard layouts.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Chemical element data modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Chemistry templates}}", description = "Modules containing per-language [[chemical element]] name data consumed by {{tl|chemical element box}} and {{tl|chemical element table}}.", parents = { "Data modules" }, } raw_categories["Collections modules"] = { description = "Modules containing functions used to implement collections (arrays, maps, etc.).", parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Data modules"] = { description = "Modules that do not contain functions, but only export a table of data that is used by other modules.", additional = "Modules that are in this category should be imported using <code>mw.loadData</code> rather than <code>require</code>.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Category tree data modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Category tree data modules/lang|:Category:Category tree data modules/topic}}", description = "[[Wiktionary:Modules|Modules]] containing data and code used by the category tree system for constructing the descriptions of categories.", parents = { "Data modules", "Category modules" }, } raw_categories["Category tree data modules/lang"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Category tree data modules|:Category:Category tree data modules/topic}}", description = "[[Wiktionary:Modules|Modules]] containing data and code used by the category tree system for constructing the descriptions of language-specific categories.", breadcrumb = "lang", parents = { {name = "Category tree data modules", sort = "lang"} }, } raw_categories["Category tree data modules/topic"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Category tree data modules|:Category:Category tree data modules/lang}}", description = "[[Wiktionary:Modules|Modules]] containing data and code used by the category tree system for constructing the descriptions of topic categories.", breadcrumb = "topic", parents = { {name = "Category tree data modules", sort = "topic"} }, } raw_categories["Character insertion data modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Character insertion templates}}", description = "Modules containing data for use by {{temp|chars}}.", parents = { "Data modules", "Character insertion modules" }, } raw_categories["Dialect synonyms data modules"] = { description = "Modules containing data for use by {{tl|dialect synonyms}}.", parents = { "Data modules" }, } raw_categories["Date modules"] = { description = "Modules that implement functionality to convert or otherwise manipulate dates in various calendar systems.", parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Debugging modules"] = { description = "Modules used for debugging.", additional = "Some should only be used in sandbox modules or when using the " .. "[[mw:Extension:TemplateSandbox|{{MediaWiki:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}]] button in the edit page of modules and templates.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Definition modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Definition templates}}", description = "Modules that implement templates used in [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition lines]] of entries.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Deprecated modules"] = { description = "Modules that should not be used, as their functions are performed by newer modules.", parents = { "Modules", "Category:Wiktionary maintenance" }, } raw_categories["Discussion modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Discussion templates}}", description = "Modules concerning discussion pages.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Display text-generating modules"] = { description = "Modules that are used to generate display text.", additional = "Display text determines what is shown to the reader. In some languages it must be normalized, " .. "due to common errors caused by confusable characters, or so as to ensure a consistent display format.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Documentation modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Documentation templates}}", description = "Modules for generating documentation pages.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Encoding modules"] = { description = "Modules for converting between different textual encodings.", parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Entry-generating modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Entry templates}}", description = "Modules with functions that are used to generate new entries.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Diacritic-stripping modules"] = { description = "Modules that strip diacritics from the displayed text in order to create the logical pagename.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["External link modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:External link templates}}", description = "Modules that are used in [[:Category:External link templates|external link templates]], i.e. which link to websites outside of the MediaWiki Foundation purview.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Etymology modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Etymology templates}}", description = "Modules that implement templates that define the etymology of entries.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Form-of modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Form-of templates}}", description = "Modules that generate the definition line of non-lemma forms, e.g. verb forms and noun forms.", parents = { "Definition modules", "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Headword-line modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Headword-line templates}}", description = "Modules that support [[:Category:Headword-line templates by language|headword-line templates]] for a specific language.", additional = "See also [[:Category:Headword-line templates]].", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Inflection modules"] = { description = "Modules used to support [[:Category:Inflection-table templates by language|inflection templates]] for a specific language.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Internal link modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Internal link templates}}", description = "Modules that are used in [[:Category:Internal link templates|internal link templates]], i.e. which link between Wiktionary entries.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Interwiki modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Interwiki templates}}", description = "Modules that are used in [[:Category:Interwiki templates|interwiki templates]], i.e. which link to other MediaWiki projects.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["JSON-generating modules"] = { description = "Modules with functions that generate data in JSON format.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Language and script modules"] = { description = "Modules that process language and script codes and return data on them.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["List modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:List templates}}", description = "Modules that generate lists, tables or tree diagrams of entries or other structured data.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Maintenance modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Maintenance templates}}", description = "Modules that implement templates used for maintaining entries.", additional = "Examples are cleanup templates (e.g. {{tl|attention}}), deletion templates (e.g. {{tl|rfd}}) and " .. "verification templates (e.g. {{tl|rfv}}).", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Morphology modules"] = { description = "Modules used to support [[:Category:Morphology templates|morphology templates]].", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Number modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Number templates}}", description = "Modules that handle conversion and/or formatting of numbers and numerals in various representations.", parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Page generation modules"] = { description = "Modules that generate parts of a mainspace page (e.g. headword line, definition, inflection, links, etc.).", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Parameter parsing modules"] = { description = "Modules containing functions used to parse template parameters.", parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Pronunciation modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Pronunciation templates}}", description = "Modules that implement templates used to create the language-specific pronunciation of entries.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Pronunciation testcase modules"] = { description = "Modules used to test other pronunciation modules.", parents = { "Testcase modules", {name = "Pronunciation modules", sort = "Testcase"} }, } raw_categories["Quotation and usage example modules"] = { description = "Modules that implement templates used to format quotations and usage examples.", parents = { "Definition modules", "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Reference modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Reference templates}}", description = "Modules that are used for [[:Category:Reference templates|reference templates]].", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Sandbox modules"] = { description = "Test versions of modules intended for production use.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Semantic relation modules"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Semantic relation templates}}", description = "Modules that implement templates used to indicate other terms semantically related to a " .. "particular sense, e.g. [[synonym]]s or [[antonym]]s.", parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Sign language modules"] = { description = "Modules used for sign languages.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Sortkey-generating modules"] = { description = "Modules that generate sortkeys, which determine the order of pagenames in categories.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["String modules"] = { description = "Modules containing functions used to manipulate strings.", parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Swadesh modules"] = { description = "Modules containing [[Swadesh list]]s.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Template interface modules"] = { description = "Modules whose purpose is to provide an interface between templates and the functions of a module.", additional = "They are usually named <code>.../templates</code>, and the functions present within them usually all " .. "have only a \"frame\" parameter.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Testcase modules"] = { description = "Modules used to test other modules.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Failing testcase modules"] = { description = "Modules which contain failures in their unit tests.", additional = "This category is added automatically by [[Module:UnitTests]] when a test case fails.", parents = { "Testcase modules" }, } raw_categories["Tracking modules"] = { description = "Modules that add tracking templates.", parents = { "Debugging modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Transliteration modules"] = { description = "Modules that automatically convert text in one script to another.", additional = "Most of them convert non-Latin scripts to Latin (romanisation/romanization), and are used by " .. "templates or modules to generate transliteration of text that is tagged with a particular language. Each " .. "language's transliteration module is specified in its data table (for which, see the category {{catlink|Language data modules}}).", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Transliteration testcase modules"] = { description = "Modules used to test other transliteration modules.", parents = { "Testcase modules", {name = "Transliteration modules", sort = "Testcase"} }, } raw_categories["Unused modules"] = { description = "Unused modules.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["User sandbox modules"] = { description = "Modules that are for personal use and testing by individual editors.", additional = "These should all begin with <code>User:</code> followed by the user's name. If several " .. "sandbox modules are needed by a single user, subpages can be created. These modules should not be used in real " .. "Wiktionary content pages, as all content on those pages should be editable by anyone and, if necessary, edit protected.", parents = { "Sandbox modules", "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Utility modules"] = { description = "Modules that serve some sort of utility purpose in various entries.", additional = "Avoid categorizing directly into this category, but use one of the more specific (and semantically " .. "well-defined) module categories. Note also that modules used by multiple languages should go directly in this " .. "category if necessary, while modules only used by one language should be in [[:Category:Language-specific utility modules]].", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Language-specific utility modules"] = { description = "Modules that deal with several utilities needed by a certain language.", additional = "Usually their names end with {{cd|-utilities}} or {{cd|-common}} (preceded by the language code), " .. "although more specific utility modules that one language uses may reside here as well. If a utility is used by " .. "many languages, it should be in [[:Category:Utility modules]].", parents = {{name = "Utility modules", sort = " "}}, } raw_categories["Vote modules"] = { description = "Modules used to manage Wiktionary votes.", parents = { "Modules" }, } raw_categories["Wikitext parsing modules"] = { description = "Modules that contain functions that grab the wikitext of a page and get information from it by " .. "performing string operations on it.", parents = { "Modules" }, } -- Don't modify `raw_categories` while processing it, or items may be skipped. local new_cats = {} for raw_cat, obj in pairs(raw_categories) do local by_script = raw_cat .. " by script" if raw_cat ~= "Modules" and raw_cat ~= "Data modules" and not raw_categories[by_script] then new_cats[by_script] = { description = raw_cat .. ", categorized by the script they operate on or with.", additional = raw_cat .. " are " .. mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(obj.description), breadcrumb = "by script", parents = {{name = raw_cat, sort = " "}}, } end end for new_cat, obj in pairs(new_cats) do raw_categories[new_cat] = obj end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- for _, mod_type in ipairs {"Diacritic-stripping", "Sortkey-generating", "Transliteration"} do insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local n, suffix = data.category:match(("^%s modules used by (%%d+) language(s?)$"):format(pattern_escape(mod_type))) -- Only match if there are no leading zeroes and the suffix is correct. if not (n and not n:match("^0%d") and suffix == (n == "1" and "" or "s")) then return end return { breadcrumb = ("used by %d language%s"):format(n, suffix), description = data.category .. ".", can_be_empty = true, parents = { {name = ("%s modules"):format(mod_type), sort = require("Module:category tree").numeral_sortkey(n)}, }, } end) insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local famname = data.category:match(("^(.+) %s modules$"):format(pattern_escape(mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(mod_type)))) if famname then local fam = require("Module:families").getByCanonicalName(famname) if fam then return { breadcrumb = fam:getDisplayForm(), description = mod_type .. " modules used for " .. fam:makeCategoryLink() .. ".", parents = {("%s modules"):format(mod_type)}, } end end end) end -- Add breadcrumb by chopping off the parent (or the parent's parent, etc.) from the end of the label, if possible. for key, data in pairs(raw_categories) do if not data.breadcrumb then local parent = data.parents[1] while true do if type(parent) == "string" then local parent_re = " " .. pattern_escape(mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(parent)) .. "$" if key:find(parent_re) then data.breadcrumb = key:gsub(parent_re, "") break end if raw_categories[parent] then parent = raw_categories[parent].parents[1] else break end else break end end end end return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} pq7ix2axl8t8g20l2tq3nzgkyv0003s 828 307046 488046 2026-09-04T16:28:03Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/modules]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/मॉड्यूल]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488046 Scribunto text/plain return require [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/मॉड्यूल]] qx60mkto5gedll79a45wth8ypwkbc3g 828 307047 488050 2026-09-04T16:41:43Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488050 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities" local insert = table.insert local pluralize = require(en_utilities_module).pluralize local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- local degrees = { comparative = "that express a higher degree of an attribute when comparing one thing to another, or serve to set that thing apart from another", superlative = "that express the highest possible degree of an attribute", elative = "that, depending on the context, express either the comparative degree (a higher degree of an attribute when comparing one thing to another) or the superlative degree (the highest possible degree of an attribute)", exaggerated = "that express the highest possible degree of an attribute (like the superlative degree), but with an additional level of emphasis", excessive = "that express an excessive degree of some attribute", equative = "that express the same or a similar degree of an attribute when comparing one thing to another", } local degree_pos = { "adjective", "adverb", "determiner", "pronoun" } for _, pos in ipairs(degree_pos) do local plpos = pluralize(pos) for degree, desc in pairs(degrees) do labels[degree .. " " .. plpos] = { breadcrumb = degree, description = "{{{langname}}} " .. plpos .. " " .. desc .. ".", parents = {pos .. " forms"}, } end end labels["non-lemma forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} inflected forms of other [[Wiktionary:Lemmas|lemmas]], categorized by their part of speech.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } -- Handle specific types of non-lemma forms. Each spec is of the form {POS, PARENT_POS} where POS is the singular form -- of a part of speech for which non-lemma forms exist (e.g. 'determiner' is listed because 'determiner forms' exist), -- and PARENT_POS is the singular form of the parent category to add the category to. For example, the spec -- {"circumfix", "morpheme"} means that 'circumfix forms' categories have the corresponding 'morpheme forms' categories -- as their first parent. The second parent is the POS itself; e.g. 'morpheme forms' has 'morphemes' as its second -- parent, with a sort key that places 'morpheme forms' at the beginning of the child categories. If PARENT_POS is -- 'false', only the second parent appears as the parent. If a spec is a single string POS, the PARENT_POS defaults to -- "non-lemma"; e.g. if the spec is "adjective", then 'adjective forms' categories have the corresponding -- 'non-lemma forms' category as their first parent. local specs = { "adjective", "adverb", {"article", "determiner"}, {"circumfix", "morpheme"}, "classifier", "clitic", "conjunction", "determiner", {"infinitive", false}, "interjection", "morpheme", "noun", "numeral", "participle", "particle", {"past participle", "participle"}, "predicative", {"prefix", "morpheme"}, "proper noun", "postposition", "preposition", "pronoun", {"suffix", "morpheme"}, "verb", } for degree in pairs(degrees) do for _, pos in ipairs(degree_pos) do insert(specs, {degree .. " " .. pos, false}) end end for _, spec in ipairs(specs) do local pos, parent_pos if type(spec) == "table" then pos, parent_pos = unpack(spec) else pos = spec end if parent_pos == nil then parent_pos = "non-lemma" end local plpos, parents, breadcrumb = pluralize(pos), {} if parent_pos == false then -- parent is the POS ([POS] » Forms) breadcrumb = "Forms" else insert(parents, parent_pos .. " forms") end insert(parents, {name = plpos, sort = "**"}) labels[pos .. " forms"] = { breadcrumb = breadcrumb, description = ("{{{langname}}} %s that are inflected to display grammatical relations other than the main form."):format(plpos), parents = parents, } if parent_pos == "non-lemma" or pos == "article" then -- 'noun suffix forms' etc. It doesn't make sense to have 'suffix suffix forms', 'circumfix suffix forms', etc. nor -- 'past participle suffix forms' (for the latter, we should be using 'participle suffix forms'). labels[pos .. " suffix forms"] = { breadcrumb = pos, description = ("{{{langname}}} forms of %s suffixes; alternatively, suffixes that form %s forms when added to %s."):format(pos, pos, plpos), parents = {"suffix forms"}, } end end labels["active participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["active adjectival participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adjectives and express an agent actively performing an action.", parents = {"participles", "adjectives"}, } labels["adjectival participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adjectives.", parents = {"participles", "adjectives"}, } labels["adjective construct forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to modify a noun in a genitive construction.", parents = {{name = "adjective forms", sort = "construct"}}, } labels["adjective definite forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to give attributes to specific and identifiable nouns.", parents = {{name = "adjective forms", sort = "definite forms"}}, } labels["adjective dual forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to be quantified as two.", parents = {{name = "adjective forms", sort = "dual forms"}}, } labels["adjective feminine forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to give attributes to nouns associated to female beings.", parents = {{name = "adjective forms", sort = "feminine forms"}}, } labels["adverbial participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs.", parents = {"participles", "adverbs"}, } labels["agent participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent by who something is done.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["anterior adverbial participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express an action completed before the one expressed by the primary verb.", parents = {"participles", "adverbs"}, } labels["classifier singular forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} classifiers that are inflected for singular number.", parents = {"classifier forms"}, } labels["collective plurals"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nominal plural forms with specifically collective semantics.", parents = {"noun forms"}, } labels["contemporary adverbial participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express an action occuring simultaneously with the one expressed by the primary verb.", parents = {"participles", "adverbs"}, } labels["converbs"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verb forms that build clauses which function as adverbials.", parents = {"verb forms"}, } labels["diminutive gerunds"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} diminutives of gerunds.", parents = {"verb forms"}, } labels["extended adjective forms"] = { parents = {"adjective forms"}, } labels["future active participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action in future time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["future participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that indicate future events.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["future passive participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it in future time.", parents = {"participles"}, } local function gerund_description(data) local default_text = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to indicate ongoing events at unspecified moments." if not data.lang then -- This happens e.g. in [[:Category:Gerunds by language]]. return default_text else local langcode = data.lang:getCode() if langcode == "sq" or langcode == "kmr" or langcode == "liv" or data.lang:inFamily("gem", "itc") then return "{{{langname}}} forms that generally act as an action noun for the verb that they are formed from." elseif langcode == "sa" or langcode == "pi" then return "{{{langname}}} verb forms used in a clause to indicate a prior action by the subject of the sentence." else return default_text end end end labels["gerunds"] = { description = gerund_description, additional = "{{small|[Edit function gerund_description() in [[Module:category tree/non-lemma forms]] to change this description.]}}", parents = {"verb forms"}, } labels["imperfect participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an ongoing or continuous action.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["infinitives"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} non-finite verb forms of various kinds.", parents = {"verb forms"}, } labels["intensive adjectives"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are derived from a base word to express a stronger concept than the base word.", parents = {"adjective forms"}, } labels["manuscript forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words as they appear in original manuscripts.", parents = {"non-lemma forms"}, } labels["mutated forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose initial consonant is mutated due to the effect of the preceding word.", parents = {"non-lemma forms"}, } local inflected_pos_for_mutation = { "adjective", "adverb", "determiner", "interjection", "noun", "numeral", "participle", "particle", "prefix", "preposition", "pronoun", "proper noun", "verb", } for _, pos in ipairs(inflected_pos_for_mutation) do local plpos = pluralize(pos) labels["mutated " .. plpos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. plpos .. " whose initial consonant is mutated due to the effect of the preceding word.", parents = {pos .. " forms", {name = "mutated forms", sort = pos}}, } end local mutation_types = { -- FIXME, we should add these terms to [[Appendix:Glossary]] and link to them. ["eclipsed"] = "[[Appendix:Irish mutations#Eclipsis|eclipsis]]", ["lenited"] = "[[Appendix:Irish mutations#Lenition|lenition]]", ["h-prothesized"] = "[[h-prothesis]]", ["t-prothesized"] = "[[t-prothesis]]", ["aspirate-mutation"] = "[[aspirate mutation]]", ["hard-mutation"] = "[[hard mutation]]", ["mixed-mutation"] = "[[mixed mutation]]", ["nasal-mutation"] = "[[nasal mutation]]", ["soft-mutation"] = "[[soft mutation]]", } for muttype, desc in pairs(mutation_types) do labels[muttype .. " forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose initial consonant is mutated through " .. desc .. ", due to the effect of the preceding word.", parents = {"mutated forms"}, } end labels["negative participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express lack of an action being performed.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["nominal participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as nouns.", parents = {"participles", "nouns"}, } labels["noun construct forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to modify a noun in a genitive construction.", parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "construct"}}, } labels["noun definite forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to designate an identified object.", parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "definite"}}, } labels["noun feminine forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to be associated to female beings.", parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "feminine"}}, } labels["noun indefinite forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to designate an unidentified object.", parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "indefinite"}}, } labels["noun masculine forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to be associated to male beings.", parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "masculine"}}, } labels["noun paucal forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to be quantified as between two (or three in some languages with dual number) and ten.", parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "paucal"}}, } labels["noun possessive forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to indicate possession.", parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "possessive"}}, } labels["participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verbal forms that behave syntactically like adjectives (or sometimes adverbs), and in some languages are often used in compound conjugations and/or reduced relative clauses.", parents = {"verb forms"}, } labels["passive participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["passive adjectival participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adjectives and express a patient having an action performed on it.", parents = {"participles", "adjectives"}, } labels["past active aorist participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express completed events in past time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["past active imperfect participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express ongoing events in past time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["past active participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action in past time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["past adverbial participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express actions in past time.", parents = {"adverbial participles", "adverbs"}, } labels["past participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express actions in past time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["past passive participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it in past time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["perfect participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express having completed or undergone an action.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["perfect active participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent having completed an action.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["prepositional pronouns"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} pronouns that are combined with a preposition.", umbrella_parents = "Lemmas subcategories by language", parents = {"pronoun forms", {name = "prepositions", sort = "pronouns"}}, } labels["present active participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action in present time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["present adverbial participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express actions in present time.", parents = {"adverbial participles", "adverbs"}, } labels["present middle participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent performing an action in present time in middle voice.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["present participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express actions occurring in the present time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["present passive participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it in present time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["pronoun possessive forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} pronouns that are inflected to indicate possession.", parents = {{name = "pronoun forms", sort = "possessive"}}, } labels["pronunciation variants"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words that have alternative pronunciation-based spellings.", parents = {"non-lemma forms"}, } labels["singulatives"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} plural nouns that are inflected for singular number.", parents = {"noun forms"}, } for _, postype in ipairs { "lemmas", "non-lemma forms"} do local umbrella_parent = mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(postype) .. " subcategories by language" local lemmas_link = "[[Wiktionary:Lemmas|lemmas]]" local postype_link = postype == "lemmas" and "variant forms of " .. lemmas_link or "variants of inflected forms of other " .. lemmas_link labels["variant " .. postype] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. postype_link .. ", i.e. secondary forms or spellings that are attested but typically not in common use.", additional = ("Such terms may be uncommon spelling variants; dialectal forms; historical, archaic or obsolete " .. "spellings; spellings in less-used scripts; or the like. They are kept out of the %s category to avoid " .. "cluttering it. To add a term to this category, specify {{para|var|1}} in the call to {{tl|head}}, or set " .. "{{cd|=var = true}} in the call to [[Module:headword]]. Commonly used variants should not be placed in " .. "this category, but should be treated as normal %s."):format(postype, postype), umbrella_parents = umbrella_parent, breadcrumb = "variants", parents = {postype}, } end labels["verb causative forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to express actions caused by external conditions.", parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "causative"}}, } labels["verb irregular forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verb forms that don't follow standard patterns of conjugation.", parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "irregular"}}, } labels["verb negative forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to express negation.", parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "negative"}}, } labels["verb passive forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to direct the action to the grammatical subject, by means of passive voice.", parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "passive"}}, } labels["verb simple past forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to indicate events before the current moment.", parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "simple past"}}, } -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for key, data in pairs(labels) do if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Non-lemma forms subcategories by language" end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Non-lemma forms subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to non-lemma forms.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "non-lemma forms", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories} ej3ytc741rwexo3yph5hbpklgb3thr4 488051 488050 2026-09-04T16:42:05Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/गैर-लेम्मा रूप]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/non-lemma forms]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488050 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities" local insert = table.insert local pluralize = require(en_utilities_module).pluralize local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- local degrees = { comparative = "that express a higher degree of an attribute when comparing one thing to another, or serve to set that thing apart from another", superlative = "that express the highest possible degree of an attribute", elative = "that, depending on the context, express either the comparative degree (a higher degree of an attribute when comparing one thing to another) or the superlative degree (the highest possible degree of an attribute)", exaggerated = "that express the highest possible degree of an attribute (like the superlative degree), but with an additional level of emphasis", excessive = "that express an excessive degree of some attribute", equative = "that express the same or a similar degree of an attribute when comparing one thing to another", } local degree_pos = { "adjective", "adverb", "determiner", "pronoun" } for _, pos in ipairs(degree_pos) do local plpos = pluralize(pos) for degree, desc in pairs(degrees) do labels[degree .. " " .. plpos] = { breadcrumb = degree, description = "{{{langname}}} " .. plpos .. " " .. desc .. ".", parents = {pos .. " forms"}, } end end labels["non-lemma forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} inflected forms of other [[Wiktionary:Lemmas|lemmas]], categorized by their part of speech.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } -- Handle specific types of non-lemma forms. Each spec is of the form {POS, PARENT_POS} where POS is the singular form -- of a part of speech for which non-lemma forms exist (e.g. 'determiner' is listed because 'determiner forms' exist), -- and PARENT_POS is the singular form of the parent category to add the category to. For example, the spec -- {"circumfix", "morpheme"} means that 'circumfix forms' categories have the corresponding 'morpheme forms' categories -- as their first parent. The second parent is the POS itself; e.g. 'morpheme forms' has 'morphemes' as its second -- parent, with a sort key that places 'morpheme forms' at the beginning of the child categories. If PARENT_POS is -- 'false', only the second parent appears as the parent. If a spec is a single string POS, the PARENT_POS defaults to -- "non-lemma"; e.g. if the spec is "adjective", then 'adjective forms' categories have the corresponding -- 'non-lemma forms' category as their first parent. local specs = { "adjective", "adverb", {"article", "determiner"}, {"circumfix", "morpheme"}, "classifier", "clitic", "conjunction", "determiner", {"infinitive", false}, "interjection", "morpheme", "noun", "numeral", "participle", "particle", {"past participle", "participle"}, "predicative", {"prefix", "morpheme"}, "proper noun", "postposition", "preposition", "pronoun", {"suffix", "morpheme"}, "verb", } for degree in pairs(degrees) do for _, pos in ipairs(degree_pos) do insert(specs, {degree .. " " .. pos, false}) end end for _, spec in ipairs(specs) do local pos, parent_pos if type(spec) == "table" then pos, parent_pos = unpack(spec) else pos = spec end if parent_pos == nil then parent_pos = "non-lemma" end local plpos, parents, breadcrumb = pluralize(pos), {} if parent_pos == false then -- parent is the POS ([POS] » Forms) breadcrumb = "Forms" else insert(parents, parent_pos .. " forms") end insert(parents, {name = plpos, sort = "**"}) labels[pos .. " forms"] = { breadcrumb = breadcrumb, description = ("{{{langname}}} %s that are inflected to display grammatical relations other than the main form."):format(plpos), parents = parents, } if parent_pos == "non-lemma" or pos == "article" then -- 'noun suffix forms' etc. It doesn't make sense to have 'suffix suffix forms', 'circumfix suffix forms', etc. nor -- 'past participle suffix forms' (for the latter, we should be using 'participle suffix forms'). labels[pos .. " suffix forms"] = { breadcrumb = pos, description = ("{{{langname}}} forms of %s suffixes; alternatively, suffixes that form %s forms when added to %s."):format(pos, pos, plpos), parents = {"suffix forms"}, } end end labels["active participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["active adjectival participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adjectives and express an agent actively performing an action.", parents = {"participles", "adjectives"}, } labels["adjectival participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adjectives.", parents = {"participles", "adjectives"}, } labels["adjective construct forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to modify a noun in a genitive construction.", parents = {{name = "adjective forms", sort = "construct"}}, } labels["adjective definite forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to give attributes to specific and identifiable nouns.", parents = {{name = "adjective forms", sort = "definite forms"}}, } labels["adjective dual forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to be quantified as two.", parents = {{name = "adjective forms", sort = "dual forms"}}, } labels["adjective feminine forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to give attributes to nouns associated to female beings.", parents = {{name = "adjective forms", sort = "feminine forms"}}, } labels["adverbial participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs.", parents = {"participles", "adverbs"}, } labels["agent participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent by who something is done.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["anterior adverbial participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express an action completed before the one expressed by the primary verb.", parents = {"participles", "adverbs"}, } labels["classifier singular forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} classifiers that are inflected for singular number.", parents = {"classifier forms"}, } labels["collective plurals"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nominal plural forms with specifically collective semantics.", parents = {"noun forms"}, } labels["contemporary adverbial participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express an action occuring simultaneously with the one expressed by the primary verb.", parents = {"participles", "adverbs"}, } labels["converbs"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verb forms that build clauses which function as adverbials.", parents = {"verb forms"}, } labels["diminutive gerunds"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} diminutives of gerunds.", parents = {"verb forms"}, } labels["extended adjective forms"] = { parents = {"adjective forms"}, } labels["future active participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action in future time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["future participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that indicate future events.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["future passive participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it in future time.", parents = {"participles"}, } local function gerund_description(data) local default_text = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to indicate ongoing events at unspecified moments." if not data.lang then -- This happens e.g. in [[:Category:Gerunds by language]]. return default_text else local langcode = data.lang:getCode() if langcode == "sq" or langcode == "kmr" or langcode == "liv" or data.lang:inFamily("gem", "itc") then return "{{{langname}}} forms that generally act as an action noun for the verb that they are formed from." elseif langcode == "sa" or langcode == "pi" then return "{{{langname}}} verb forms used in a clause to indicate a prior action by the subject of the sentence." else return default_text end end end labels["gerunds"] = { description = gerund_description, additional = "{{small|[Edit function gerund_description() in [[Module:category tree/non-lemma forms]] to change this description.]}}", parents = {"verb forms"}, } labels["imperfect participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an ongoing or continuous action.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["infinitives"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} non-finite verb forms of various kinds.", parents = {"verb forms"}, } labels["intensive adjectives"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are derived from a base word to express a stronger concept than the base word.", parents = {"adjective forms"}, } labels["manuscript forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words as they appear in original manuscripts.", parents = {"non-lemma forms"}, } labels["mutated forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose initial consonant is mutated due to the effect of the preceding word.", parents = {"non-lemma forms"}, } local inflected_pos_for_mutation = { "adjective", "adverb", "determiner", "interjection", "noun", "numeral", "participle", "particle", "prefix", "preposition", "pronoun", "proper noun", "verb", } for _, pos in ipairs(inflected_pos_for_mutation) do local plpos = pluralize(pos) labels["mutated " .. plpos] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. plpos .. " whose initial consonant is mutated due to the effect of the preceding word.", parents = {pos .. " forms", {name = "mutated forms", sort = pos}}, } end local mutation_types = { -- FIXME, we should add these terms to [[Appendix:Glossary]] and link to them. ["eclipsed"] = "[[Appendix:Irish mutations#Eclipsis|eclipsis]]", ["lenited"] = "[[Appendix:Irish mutations#Lenition|lenition]]", ["h-prothesized"] = "[[h-prothesis]]", ["t-prothesized"] = "[[t-prothesis]]", ["aspirate-mutation"] = "[[aspirate mutation]]", ["hard-mutation"] = "[[hard mutation]]", ["mixed-mutation"] = "[[mixed mutation]]", ["nasal-mutation"] = "[[nasal mutation]]", ["soft-mutation"] = "[[soft mutation]]", } for muttype, desc in pairs(mutation_types) do labels[muttype .. " forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose initial consonant is mutated through " .. desc .. ", due to the effect of the preceding word.", parents = {"mutated forms"}, } end labels["negative participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express lack of an action being performed.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["nominal participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as nouns.", parents = {"participles", "nouns"}, } labels["noun construct forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to modify a noun in a genitive construction.", parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "construct"}}, } labels["noun definite forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to designate an identified object.", parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "definite"}}, } labels["noun feminine forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to be associated to female beings.", parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "feminine"}}, } labels["noun indefinite forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to designate an unidentified object.", parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "indefinite"}}, } labels["noun masculine forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to be associated to male beings.", parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "masculine"}}, } labels["noun paucal forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to be quantified as between two (or three in some languages with dual number) and ten.", parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "paucal"}}, } labels["noun possessive forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to indicate possession.", parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "possessive"}}, } labels["participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verbal forms that behave syntactically like adjectives (or sometimes adverbs), and in some languages are often used in compound conjugations and/or reduced relative clauses.", parents = {"verb forms"}, } labels["passive participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["passive adjectival participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adjectives and express a patient having an action performed on it.", parents = {"participles", "adjectives"}, } labels["past active aorist participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express completed events in past time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["past active imperfect participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express ongoing events in past time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["past active participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action in past time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["past adverbial participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express actions in past time.", parents = {"adverbial participles", "adverbs"}, } labels["past participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express actions in past time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["past passive participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it in past time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["perfect participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express having completed or undergone an action.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["perfect active participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent having completed an action.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["prepositional pronouns"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} pronouns that are combined with a preposition.", umbrella_parents = "Lemmas subcategories by language", parents = {"pronoun forms", {name = "prepositions", sort = "pronouns"}}, } labels["present active participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action in present time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["present adverbial participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express actions in present time.", parents = {"adverbial participles", "adverbs"}, } labels["present middle participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent performing an action in present time in middle voice.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["present participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express actions occurring in the present time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["present passive participles"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it in present time.", parents = {"participles"}, } labels["pronoun possessive forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} pronouns that are inflected to indicate possession.", parents = {{name = "pronoun forms", sort = "possessive"}}, } labels["pronunciation variants"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words that have alternative pronunciation-based spellings.", parents = {"non-lemma forms"}, } labels["singulatives"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} plural nouns that are inflected for singular number.", parents = {"noun forms"}, } for _, postype in ipairs { "lemmas", "non-lemma forms"} do local umbrella_parent = mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(postype) .. " subcategories by language" local lemmas_link = "[[Wiktionary:Lemmas|lemmas]]" local postype_link = postype == "lemmas" and "variant forms of " .. lemmas_link or "variants of inflected forms of other " .. lemmas_link labels["variant " .. postype] = { description = "{{{langname}}} " .. postype_link .. ", i.e. secondary forms or spellings that are attested but typically not in common use.", additional = ("Such terms may be uncommon spelling variants; dialectal forms; historical, archaic or obsolete " .. "spellings; spellings in less-used scripts; or the like. They are kept out of the %s category to avoid " .. "cluttering it. To add a term to this category, specify {{para|var|1}} in the call to {{tl|head}}, or set " .. "{{cd|=var = true}} in the call to [[Module:headword]]. Commonly used variants should not be placed in " .. "this category, but should be treated as normal %s."):format(postype, postype), umbrella_parents = umbrella_parent, breadcrumb = "variants", parents = {postype}, } end labels["verb causative forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to express actions caused by external conditions.", parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "causative"}}, } labels["verb irregular forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verb forms that don't follow standard patterns of conjugation.", parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "irregular"}}, } labels["verb negative forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to express negation.", parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "negative"}}, } labels["verb passive forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to direct the action to the grammatical subject, by means of passive voice.", parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "passive"}}, } labels["verb simple past forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to indicate events before the current moment.", parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "simple past"}}, } -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for key, data in pairs(labels) do if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Non-lemma forms subcategories by language" end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Non-lemma forms subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to non-lemma forms.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "non-lemma forms", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories} ej3ytc741rwexo3yph5hbpklgb3thr4 828 307048 488052 2026-09-04T16:42:05Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/गैर-लेम्मा रूप]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/non-lemma forms]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488052 Scribunto text/plain return require [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/non-lemma forms]] blikzimkd9ywmvaf40x2fwmd39itw1x 828 307049 488053 2026-09-04T16:42:46Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488053 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} labels["phrases"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} groups of words elaborated to express ideas, not necessarily [[phrase]]s in the grammatical sense.", umbrella_parents = "Lemmas subcategories by language", parents = {"lemmas", "multiword terms"}, } labels["adverb-adjective phrases"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} phrases in which an adverb modifies the adjective that heads the phrase.", umbrella_parents = {name = "phrases", is_label = true, sort = " "}, parents = {"phrases"}, } labels["alliterative phrases"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} phrases composed of two or more words that alliterate.", umbrella_parents = {name = "phrases", is_label = true, sort = " "}, parents = {"phrases"}, } labels["rhyming phrases"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} phrases composed of two or more words that rhyme.", umbrella_parents = {name = "phrases", is_label = true, sort = " "}, parents = {"phrases"}, } labels["sentences"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[sentence]]s.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["phrasebook"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} non-idiomatic phrases that are used in common situations, and may be useful to language learners or travellers.", parents = { "phrases", {name = "Phrasebooks by language", raw = true, sort = "{{{langname}}}"} }, umbrella = false, -- Umbrella has a nonstandard name so we treat it as a raw category } raw_categories["Phrasebooks by language"] = { description = "Categories with phrasebooks in various specific languages.", additional = "Phrasebook categories contain non-idiomatic phrases that are used in common situations, and may be useful to language learners or travellers.\n\n" .. "See [[Wiktionary:Phrasebook]] for more information.\n\n{{{umbrella_msg}}}", parents = "Fundamental", } for _, category in ipairs({ {name = "Basic", topics = {}}, {name = "Communication", topics = {"Communication"}}, {name = "Emergencies", topics = {"Emergency medicine"}}, {name = "Ethnicity", topics = {"Ethnicity"}}, {name = "Family", topics = {"Family"}}, {name = "Farewells", topics = {}}, {name = "Festivities", topics = {}}, {name = "Food and drink", topics = {"Food and drink"}}, {name = "Greetings", topics = {}}, {name = "Health", topics = {"Health"}}, {name = "Love", topics = {"Love"}}, {name = "Money", topics = {"Money"}}, {name = "Needs", topics = {}}, {name = "Religion", topics = {"Religion"}}, {name = "Sex", topics = {"Sex"}}, {name = "Time", topics = {"Time"}}, {name = "Travel", topics = {"Travel"}}, {name = "Weather", topics = {"Weather"}}, }) do local parents = { {name = "phrasebook", sort = category.name}, {name = "Phrasebooks by language/" .. category.name, raw = true, sort = "{{{langname}}}"}, } for _, topic in ipairs(category.topics) do table.insert(parents, {name = "{{{langcode}}}:" .. topic, sort = " ", raw = true}) end labels["phrasebook/" .. category.name] = { description = "{{{langname}}} common non-idiomatic phrases in the category '" .. category.name .. "'.", breadcrumb = category.name, parents = parents, umbrella = false, } raw_categories["Phrasebooks by language/" .. category.name] = { description = "Categories with common non-idiomatic phrases in the category '" .. category.name .. "', in various specific languages.", additional = "{{{umbrella_msg}}}", parents = {{name = "Phrasebooks by language", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = category.name, } end return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories} 51yk9wz0qio0nz6p1vy1ju7edgv4joe 828 307050 488054 2026-09-04T16:44:15Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488054 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities" local ucfirst = require(string_utilities_module).ucfirst ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["terms by usage"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by the manner and context in which they are used by speakers.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } local function generate_category_with_senses(typ, desc, distinguish, other_types_in_group) if distinguish then distinguish = "\n\n" .. distinguish else distinguish = "" end local function make_preceding(pos) if not other_types_in_group then return nil end local cats = {} for _, other_type in ipairs(other_types_in_group) do table.insert(cats, ("Category:{{{langname}}} " .. pos):format(other_type)) end return ("{{also|%s}}"):format(table.concat(cats, "|")) end local function make_umbrella_preceding(pos) if not other_types_in_group then return nil end local cats = {} for _, other_type in ipairs(other_types_in_group) do table.insert(cats, "Category:" .. ucfirst((pos .. " by language"):format(other_type))) end return ("{{also|%s}}"):format(table.concat(cats, "|")) end labels[("%s terms"):format(typ)] = { description = ("{{{langname}}} terms that %s."):format(desc), additional = ("To categorize into this category, use {{tl|tlb|{{{langcode}}}|%s}} (template '''tlb''', not '''lb'''), " .. "which should typically be placed next to the headword.\n\nIf the term is merely a variant (alternative form) of a term " .. "in general use, it should be categorized instead in {{cl|{{{langname}}} %s forms}} (using " .. "{{tl|%s form of|{{{langcode}}}|...}} or {{tl|%s spelling of|{{{langcode}}}|...}}). If only some senses of the term are %s, " .. "it should be categorized instead in {{cl|{{{langname}}} terms with %s senses}}, using {{tl|lb|{{{langcode}}}|%s}} " .. "(template '''lb''' instead of '''tlb'''), which should typically be placed next to the individual sense.%s"):format( typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, distinguish:gsub("POS", "terms")), parents = {"terms by usage"}, preceding = make_preceding("%s terms"), umbrella = { preceding = make_umbrella_preceding("%s terms"), additional = ("To categorize into this category, use <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>tlb|<var>langcode</var>|%s}}</code> " .. "(template '''tlb''', not '''lb'''), which should typically be placed next to the headword. " .. "(<code><var>langcode</var></code> is the appropriate language code for the language in question; see [[Wiktionary:List of languages]].)\n\n" .. "If the term is merely a variant (alternative form) of a term in general use, it should be categorized instead in " .. "{{cl|<var>langname</var> %s forms}} (using <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>%s form of|<var>langcode</var>|...}}</code> " .. "or <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>%s spelling of|<var>langcode</var>|...}}</code>). " .. "If only some senses of the term are %s, it should be categorized instead in {{cl|<var>langname</var> terms with %s senses}}, " .. "using <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>lb|<var>langcode</var>|%s}}</code> (template '''lb''' instead of '''tlb'''), which should " .. "typically be placed next to the individual sense.%s"):format( typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, distinguish:gsub("POS", "terms")), } } labels[("terms with %s senses"):format(typ)] = { description = ("{{{langname}}} terms with individual senses that %s."):format(desc), additional = ("To categorize into this category, use {{tl|lb|{{{langcode}}}|%s}} (template '''lb''', not '''tlb'''), " .. "which should typically be placed next to the individual sense.\n\nIf the term itself, in all its senses, is %s, " .. "it should be placed in {{cl|{{{langname}}} %s terms}} instead, using {{tl|tlb|{{{langcode}}}|%s}} " .. "(template '''tlb''' instead of '''lb'''), which should typically be placed next to the headword. " .. "If the term is merely a variant (alternative form) of a term in general use, it should be categorized in " .. "{{cl|{{{langname}}} %s forms}} (using {{tl|%s form of|{{{langcode}}}|...}} or {{tl|%s spelling of|{{{langcode}}}|...}}).%s"):format( typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, distinguish:gsub("POS", "senses")), parents = {{name = "terms by usage", sort = ("%s senses"):format(typ)}}, breadcrumb = ("with %s senses"):format(typ), preceding = make_preceding("terms with %s senses"), umbrella = { preceding = make_umbrella_preceding("terms with %s senses"), additional = ("To categorize into this category, use <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>lb|<var>langcode</var>|%s}}</code> " .. "(template '''lb''', not '''tlb'''), which should typically be placed next to the individual sense. " .. "(<code><var>langcode</var></code> is the appropriate language code for the language in question; see [[Wiktionary:List of languages]].)\n\n" .. "If the term itself, in all its senses, is %s, it should be placed in {{cl|<var>langname</var> %s terms}} instead, using " .. "<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>tlb|<var>langcode</var>|%s}}</code> (template '''tlb''' instead of '''lb'''), which should " .. "typically be placed next to the headword. If the term is merely a variant (alternative form) of a term in general use, " .. "it should be categorized in {{cl|<var>langname</var> %s forms}} (using <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>%s form of|<var>langcode</var>|...}}</code> " .. "or <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>%s spelling of|<var>langcode</var>|...}}</code>.%s"):format( typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, distinguish:gsub("POS", "senses")), } } labels[("%s forms"):format(typ)] = { description = ("{{{langname}}} forms that %s; and serve as alternative forms of the same terms in general use."):format(desc), additional = ("To categorize into this category, use {{tl|%s form of|{{{langcode}}}|...}} or {{tl|%s spelling of|{{{langcode}}}|...}}.\n\n" .. "If the term is not merely a variant (alternative form) of a term in general use, it should be placed in {{cl|{{{langname}}} %s terms}} " .. "instead; to do this, use {{tl|tlb|{{{langcode}}}|%s}} (template '''tlb''', not '''lb'''), which should typically be placed next to the " .. "headword. If only some senses of the term are %s, it should be categorized instead in {{cl|{{{langname}}} terms with %s senses}}, " .. "using {{tl|lb|{{{langcode}}}|%s}} (template '''lb''' instead of '''tlb'''), which should typically be placed next to the individual sense.%s"):format( typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, distinguish:gsub("POS", "forms")), parents = {{name = ("%s terms"):format(typ), sort = "forms"}}, breadcrumb = "forms", preceding = make_preceding("%s forms"), umbrella = { preceding = make_umbrella_preceding("%s forms"), additional = ("To categorize into this category, use <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>%s form of|<var>langcode</var>|...}}</code> " .. "or <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>%s spelling of|<var>langcode</var>|...}}</code>. (<code><var>langcode</var></code> is the " .. "appropriate language code for the language in question; see [[Wiktionary:List of languages]].)\n\n" .. "If the term is not merely a variant (alternative form) of a term in general use, it should be placed in {{cl|<var>langname</var> %s terms}} " .. "instead; to do this, use <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>lb|<var>langcode</var>|%s}}</code> (template '''tlb''', not '''lb'''), " .. "which should typically be placed next to the headword. If only some senses of the term are %s, it should be categorized instead " .. "in {{cl|<var>langname</var> terms with %s senses}}, using <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>lb|<var>langcode</var>|%s}}</code> " .. "(template '''lb''' instead of '''tlb'''), which should typically be placed next to the individual sense.%s"):format( typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, distinguish:gsub("POS", "forms")), } } end local function generate_related_categories_with_senses(info) for typ, spec in pairs(info) do local other_types = {} for other_type, _ in pairs(info) do if other_type ~= typ then table.insert(other_types, other_type) end end table.sort(other_types) generate_category_with_senses(typ, spec.desc, spec.distinguish, other_types) end end generate_related_categories_with_senses { archaic = { desc = "are no longer in general use but still encountered in older literature, sometimes still used for special effect, and typically recognized by native speakers", distinguish = "Archaic POS should be distinguished from dated POS, which are merely [[unfashionable]] and [[anachronistic]] but still sometimes used, especially by older speakers; and on the other hand from obsolete POS, which are no longer in use at all and are not usually recognized by native speakers.", }, dated = { desc = "are no longer fashionable and thus are [[anachronistic]], but still sometimes in use, especially by older speakers", distinguish = "Dated POS should be distinguished from archaic POS, which are no longer in use (except occasionally for special effect) but are still sometimes encountered in older literature and are typically recognized by native speakers; and obsolete POS, which are no longer in use at all and are not usually recognized by native speakers.", }, obsolete = { desc = "are no longer in use and not usually recognized by native speakers, but still sometimes found in older literature", distinguish = "Obsolete POS should be distinguished from archaic POS, which, although no longer in general use, are still occasionally used for special effect and are typically recognized by native speakers; and dated POS, which are merely [[unfashionable]] and [[anachronistic]] but still sometimes used, especially by older speakers.", }, } generate_related_categories_with_senses { rare = { desc = "are rarely found in general use and may not be recognized by some native speakers", distinguish = "Rare POS should be distinguished from uncommon POS, which are not common but used enough to be generally recognized.", }, uncommon = { desc = "are in general use but not common", distinguish = "Uncommon POS should be distinguished from rare POS, which are infrequent enough that they are sometimes not recognized by native speakers.", }, } labels["2channel slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to users of the website {{w|2channel}}.", parents = {"internet slang"}, } labels["4chan slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to users of the website {{w|4chan}}.", parents = {"internet slang"}, } labels["4chan /lgbt/ slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to users of the /lgbt/ board of the website {{w|4chan}}.", parents = {"4chan slang", "LGBTQ slang"}, } labels["angry register terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms belonging to an angry linguistic register, used only when the speaker is angry.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["anti-LGBTQ slurs"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are intended to offend [[LGBTQ]] people.", parents = {"offensive terms"}, } labels["autological terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that possess the property they themselves describe.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["back slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms in which the written word is spoken phonemically backwards to form a coded language.", parents = {"cant"}, } labels["cant"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms used to form secret languages that are typically restricted to members of a specific group.", parents = {"slang"}, } labels["censored spellings"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} spellings where some characters have been changed in an effort to reduce the shock value of the original term.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["childish terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are typically only used by, or to, children.", parents = {"terms by usage", "informal terms"}, } labels["colloquialisms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are likely to be used primarily in casual conversation rather than in more formal written works, speeches, and discourse.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["corporate jargon"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms (typically for non-business-specific concepts) that are used especially in a [[business]] or [[corporate]] [[context]].", additional = "See also [[:Category:Businesses]], [[:Category:Business]] and language-specific categories thereof for terms related to business-specific concepts.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["criminal slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to criminals.", parents = {"slang"}, } labels["derogatory terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are intended to [[disparage]], [[demean]], [[insult]] or [[offend]].", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["dialectal terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are not used in standard language but only in dialects.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["dis legomena"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are attested only twice in the entire corpus.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["drag slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms used in the [[drag]] community.", parents = {"LGBTQ slang"}, } labels["ecclesiastical terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms used only by religious figures.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["eggcorns"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[eggcorn]]s, terms which are misconstructed.", parents = {"misconstructions"}, } labels["emoticons"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} characters, or sequences of characters, that imitate expressions and other objects by means of [[pareidolia]].", parents = {"internet slang", "text messaging slang"}, } labels["endearing terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used to show affection or endearment to another person.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["ethnic slurs"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are intended to offend certain ethnic groups.", parents = {"offensive terms"}, } labels["expressive terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms with additional expressive content compared with the basic meaning of the term.", additional = "This term is common in Slavic lexicography and is found in most Czech, Slovak and Polish dictionaries, but there is no exact equivalent in English lexicography. The closest equivalents might be a combination of ''colloquial'' and either ''endearing'' or ''pejorative'', as the case may be.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["eye dialect"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} nonstandard spellings, which however do not change pronunciation, deliberately used by an author to indicate that the speaker uses a nonstandard or dialectal speech.", parents = {"nonstandard forms", "terms by orthographic property"}, } labels["familiar terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose use is typically to contexts of friendly intimacy.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["fandom slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to fans of one or more works of fiction.", parents = {"slang"}, } labels["feminist forms"] = { description = "Forms of {{{langname}}} terms primarily used in [[feminist]] writing, typically altered from standard forms to [[avoid]] an element perceived as [[male]].", parents = {"nonstandard forms", "deliberate misspellings", "terms by usage", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:Feminism"}, } labels["filter-avoidance spellings"] = { description = "Deliberate misspellings of {{{langname}}} terms that are used to avoid [[w:Wordfilter|wordfilters]].", parents = {"deliberate misspellings"}, } labels["folk poetic terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose usage is typically restricted to works of oral or folk poetry.", parents = {"terms by usage", "poetic terms"}, } labels["formal terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose use is typically restricted to polite, ceremonious, non-casual contexts.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["gay slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to homosexual people.", parents = {"LGBTQ slang"}, } labels["gender-critical slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to gender-critical feminists.", parents = {"slang", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:Gender-critical feminism"}, } labels["gender-neutral terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are applicable to all people, independent of gender.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["graffiti slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to creators of [[graffiti#Noun|graffiti]].", parents = {"slang", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:Art"}, } labels["higher register terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms belonging to a higher linguistic register, such as literary terms; such terms are somewhat less common or known.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["historical terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that refer to obsolete things or concepts.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["honorific terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[honorific]] terms, which are used to show deference and respect.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["polite terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[polite]] terms, which are used to show deference and respect.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["hapax legomena"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are attested only once in the entire corpus.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["humble terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[humble]] terms, which are used to show humility towards the addressee, indicating that the speaker has a lower social standing.", parents = {"honorific terms"}, } labels["hypercorrections"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} forms of other terms by misapplications of grammatical or orthographical rules.", parents = {"nonstandard terms", "nonstandard forms"}, } labels["hyperforeign terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms created by misapplying the perceived grammatical, orthographical or phonetical rules of another language.", parents = {"hypercorrections"}, } labels["incel slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to incels.", parents = {"slang", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:Incel community"}, } labels["imperfective forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that serve as imperfective variants of perfective verbs, sharing the same base set of meanings.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["informal forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that can be used in casual, non-ceremonious conversations as alternative forms of other terms.", additional = "Informal non-lemma form variants also belong here.", parents = {"informal terms"}, } labels["informal terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose use is typically restricted to casual, non‐ceremonious conversations.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["deliberate misspellings"] = { description = "Deliberate misspellings of {{{langname}}} terms.", parents = {"misspellings"}, } labels["internet laughter slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms that are used as substitutes for laughter in internet-related contexts.", additional = "::''Note: The majority of items that <u>could</u> be here do not meet Wiktionary's [[WT:CFI|criteria for inclusion]].''", parents = {"internet slang"}, } labels["internet slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to internet users.", parents = {"slang"}, } labels["humorous terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are humorous, amusing or joking.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["journalistic terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used especially in [[journalistic]] language, i.e. in newspapers and magazines.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["kennings"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} metaphorical compounds or phrases describing basic objects in an allusive fashion, used especially in Germanic poetry.", parents = {"poetic terms"}, } labels["leetspeak"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} which are used in [[leetspeak]], a variety of internet slang that focuses on substitution of letters by other characters which are similar in appearance.", parents = {"internet slang"}, } labels["LGBTQ slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms which are used predominantly among [[LGBTQ]] people.", parents = {"slang", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:LGBTQ"}, } labels["literary terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose usage is typically restricted to works of literature.", parents = {"higher register terms"}, } labels["medical slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to medical doctors, such as physicians and surgeons.", parents = {"slang"}, } labels["military slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to military personnel.", parents = {"slang"}, } labels["misconstructions"] = { description = "Terms wrongly built due to a misunderstanding of their parts.", parents = {"nonstandard forms"}, } labels["misromanizations"] = { description = "Common misromanizations of {{{langname}}} terms.", parents = {"nonstandard forms"}, } labels["misspellings"] = { description = "Common accidental misspellings of {{{langname}}} terms and some terms which are deliberate misspellings.", parents = {"nonstandard forms"}, } labels["multiplicity slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to the {{l|en|multiplicity|id=multiple personalities}} [[community]].", parents = {"slang", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:Multiplicity (psychology)"}, } labels["naval slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to naval personnel.", parents = {"military slang"}, } labels["nonstandard forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} forms of standard terms that are considered improper, incorrect or commonly misused.", parents = {"nonstandard terms"}, } labels["nonstandard terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are considered improper, incorrect or commonly misused.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["numismatic slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to numismatists.", parents = {"slang", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:Currency"}, } labels["offensive terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are typically considered to offend people.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["officialese terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are chiefly used by official sources, and are often bureaucratic-sounding.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["oxymorons"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are juxtapositions of opposing ideas.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["perfective forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that serve as perfective variants of imperfective verbs, sharing the same base set of meanings.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["placeholder terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms used to refer to items for which one does not know or cannot recall the name, or is unable to or does not care to specify precisely.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["poetic forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that can be used in works of poetry as poetic alternative forms of other terms.", additional = "Poetic non-lemma form variants also belong here.", parents = {"poetic terms"}, } labels["poetic terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose usage is typically restricted to works of poetry.", parents = {"terms by usage", "literary terms"}, } labels["post-nominal letters"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} Post-nominal letters - also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles or designatory letters are letters placed after the name of a person to indicate that the individual holds a position, educational degree, accreditation, office, military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["prison slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to detainees in correctional institutions.", parents = {"slang"}, } labels["proscribed terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose usage is proscribed; thus, they are considered wrong according to prescriptive sources.", parents = {"terms by usage", "nonstandard terms"}, } labels["puristic terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms adopted for [[w:Linguistic purism|linguistic purism]].", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["radio slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to radio communication.", parents = {"slang"}, } labels["Reddit slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to users of the website {{w|Reddit}}.", parents = {"internet slang"}, } labels["religious slurs"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are intended to offend members of certain religions.", parents = {"offensive terms"}, } labels["reverential terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[reverential]] terms, which are used to exalt the addressee, indicating that they have a higher social standing than the speaker.", parents = {"honorific terms"}, } labels["royal terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms used only by royalty.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["rustic terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose use is typically restricted rural speech.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["school slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to schools and school pupils.", parents = {"slang"}, } labels["self-deprecatory terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[self-deprecatory]] terms.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["short forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are [[short form]]s of other terms, often used informally.", parents = {"terms by usage", "shortenings"}, } labels["slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[colloquial]] terms that are typically used to mark membership in a cultural subgroup.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["solemn terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used to instill a sense of somberness.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["student slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to colleges, universities, and their students.", parents = {"slang"}, } labels["superseded forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} forms that have been superseded by other forms due to changes in spelling conventions.", parents = {"terms by usage", "terms by orthographic property"}, } labels["swear words"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used to swear, such as to express strong anger or frustration.", parents = {"vulgarities"}, } labels["technical terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are usually or exclusively used in technical/scientific writing.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["terms of address"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms used to refer to another person.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["terms used in hendiadys"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words or senses which are used only in {{w|hendiadys}}.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["terms with historical senses"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms with senses that refer to things or concepts mainly known for their historical value.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["terms with transferred senses"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms with [[Appendix:Glossary#transferred senses|transferred senses]].", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["terms with uncertain meaning"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose meaning is unknown or disputed.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["text messaging slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms used for [[text messaging]] on mobile phones or similar devices, usually consisting of heavily abbreviated forms.", parents = {"slang"}, } labels["tone indicators"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} symbols used to denote or clarify the intent of a preceeding or occasionally following message.", parents = {"internet slang"}, } labels["trademarks"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that identify legal entities, their products and services, by means of legal protection — to some extent, in a number of jurisdictions — against unauthorized use of the terms.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["transgender slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to transgender people.", parents = {"LGBTQ slang", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:Transgender"}, } labels["TV Tropes slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to users of the website {{w|TV Tropes}}.", parents = {"internet slang"}, } labels["umlautless spellings"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are the result of the original terms' [[umlaut]]s being substituted.", parents = {"nonstandard forms", "terms by orthographic property"}, } labels["Usenet slang"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to users of {{w|Usenet}}.", parents = {"internet slang"}, } labels["men's speech terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms and forms used in [[Appendix:Glossary#men's speech|men's speech]].", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["women's speech terms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms and forms used in [[Appendix:Glossary#women's speech|women's speech]].", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } labels["vulgarities"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose tone (rather than the meaning) is offensive to polite company.", parents = {"terms by usage"}, } -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for key, data in pairs(labels) do if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Terms by usage subcategories by language" end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Terms by usage subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms categorized by their usage, such as slang, obsolete or archaic forms and vulgarities.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "terms by usage", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories} i6ngi1fgpp5ywoerwdmcv0rt197lhri 828 307051 488055 2026-09-04T16:46:08Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488055 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["rhymes"] = { description = "List of indexes of {{{langname}}} words by their rhymes.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["refractory rhymes"] = { description = "Lists of {{{langname}}} words that don't rhyme with other words.", umbrella_parents = "Rhymes subcategories by language", parents = {"rhymes"}, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Rhymes subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to rhymes.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "rhymes", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } raw_categories["Rhymes"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering rhymes by language.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "rhymes", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- table.insert(handlers, function(data) local rhyme_beginning = data.label:match("^rhymes/(.-)%-$") if rhyme_beginning then return { description = ("{{{langname}}} rhyme indexes beginning with {{IPAchar|/%s/}}."):format(rhyme_beginning), additional = "The entries in this category are not dictionary entries, but rather indexes of {{{langname}}} terms that rhyme in specific ways.", parents = { {name = "rhymes", sort = rhyme_beginning}, }, breadcrumb = {name = ("{{IPAchar|/%s-/}}"):format(rhyme_beginning), nocap = true}, umbrella = false, } end end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- table.insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local function rhymeTopCategory(lang) return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Lists of " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. " words by their rhymes.", additional = "This is an umbrella category. It contains no dictionary entries, but rather possible rhymes as subcategories.", parents = { "{{{langcat}}}", {name = "Rhymes", sort = langname}, }, breadcrumb = "Rhymes", toctemplateprefix = "rhymetop" } end local function linkRhymeIfExists(lang, rhyme) -- {{change new|Though this could be ported to Wiktionary}} if mw.title.new('Rhymes:' .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "/" .. rhyme).exists then return "'''[[Rhymes:" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "/" .. rhyme ..'|<span class="IPA">-' .. rhyme .. "</span>]]'''" end return '<span class="IPA">-' .. rhyme .. '</span>' end local function rhymeCategory(lang, rhyme) return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "List of " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ' words with the rhyme ' .. linkRhymeIfExists(lang, rhyme) .. '.', parents = { {name = "Rhymes:" .. lang:getCanonicalName(), sort = rhyme}, }, breadcrumb = '<span class="IPA">-' .. rhyme .. '</span>', displaytitle = 'Rhymes:' .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. '/<span class="IPA">' .. rhyme .. '</span>' } end local function rhymeSyllableCountCategory(lang, rhyme, syllableCount) return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "List of " .. syllableCount .. "-syllable " .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. ' words with the rhyme ' .. linkRhymeIfExists(lang, rhyme) .. '.', parents = { {name = "Rhymes:" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "/" .. rhyme, sort = syllableCount}, }, breadcrumb = tostring(syllableCount) .. " syllables", displaytitle = 'Rhymes:' .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. '/<span class="IPA">' .. rhyme .. '</span>/' .. tostring(syllableCount) .. " syllable" .. (syllableCount > 1 and "s" or "") } end local langname = data.category:match("^Rhymes:([^/]+)") if langname then local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then local tokens = mw.text.split(data.category, "/") if #tokens > 1 then local rhyme = tokens[2] if #tokens == 3 then -- rhyme + syllable count category local syllables = nil if tokens[3] == "1 syllable" then syllables = 1 else local syllablesregex = tokens[3]:match("(%d+) syllables") if syllablesregex then syllables = tonumber(syllablesregex) if syllables < 2 then syllables = nil end end end if syllables then return rhymeSyllableCountCategory(lang, rhyme, syllables) end elseif #tokens == 2 then -- rhyme category return rhymeCategory(lang, rhyme) end else -- rhyme language top category return rhymeTopCategory(lang) end end end end) return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} etn5h5sat00dnyqrhgq7tayggz1hkrb 828 307052 488056 2026-09-04T16:51:07Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488056 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["terms by semantic function"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms by their semantic function, regardless of part of speech.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["cardinal numbers"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used to count objects.", parents = {"numbers"}, } labels["collective numbers"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms used to indicate a set of items of a particular size.", parents = {"numbers"}, } labels["demonstrative pro-forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that refer to specified entities or qualities.", parents = {"pro-forms"}, } labels["distributive numbers"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that expresses the amount or quantity of something as it pertains to each member of a set, such as the number of times something happens at once, or the number of members affected each time.", parents = {"numbers"}, } labels["fractional numbers"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that indicate proportioned parts of a whole.", parents = {"numbers"}, } labels["hedges"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} expressions that are used to qualify statements so as to lessen impact, e.g. to appear polite or modest or to soften a blow.", parents = {"terms by semantic function"}, } labels["indefinite pro-forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that refer to unspecified entities or qualities.", parents = {"pro-forms"}, } labels["intensifiers"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that serve to intensify.", parents = {"terms by semantic function"}, } labels["interrogative pro-forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that request the listener to specify.", parents = {"pro-forms"}, } labels["imperative sentences"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} free-standing expressions that are in the grammatical form of commands, though often with a [[precative]] or [[hortatory]] force.", parents = {"sentences"}, } labels["negative polarity items"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are chiefly or always used with a negation.", additional = "These are the opposite of positive polarity items; see [[:Category:{{{langname}}} positive polarity items]]. See also {{pedia|Polarity items}} for a general discussion and also {{w|Irrealis mood}} for grammatical constructions in which these can be used without an explicit negative.", umbrella = { additional = "These are the opposite of positive polarity items; see [[:Category:Positive polarity items by language]]. See also {{pedia|Polarity items}}", }, parents = {"terms by semantic function"}, } labels["multiplicative numbers"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used to multiply the amount or quantity of something.", parents = {"numbers"}, } labels["nominal numbers"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that represent numbers as entities in themselves.", parents = {"numbers"}, } labels["numbers"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that represent or relate to numbers of various kinds.", parents = {"terms by semantic function"}, } labels["ordinal numbers"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that specify the ordering of objects within a sequence.", parents = {"numbers"}, } labels["positive polarity items"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are chiefly or always used in an affirmative sentence, and not with a negation.", additional = "These are the opposite of negative polarity items; see [[:Category:{{{langname}}} negative polarity items]]. See also {{pedia|Polarity items}}", umbrella = { additional = "These are the opposite of negative polarity items; see [[:Category:Negative polarity items by language]]. See also {{pedia|Polarity items}}", }, parents = {"terms by semantic function"}, } labels["pro-forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that refer to other parts of speech.", parents = {"terms by semantic function"}, } labels["pro-sentences"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that substitute for full [[sentences]].", parents = {"pro-forms"}, } labels["questions"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are usually or notably used as questions.", parents = {"sentences"}, } labels["relative pro-forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that indicate [[relative clause]]s.", parents = {"pro-forms"}, } labels["rhetorical questions"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} questions posed only for dramatic or persuasive effect.", parents = {"idioms", "sentences", "questions"}, } labels["subjunctive expressions"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} expressions containing grammatically [[subjunctive]] verbs.", parents = {"terms by semantic function"}, } for label, data in pairs(labels) do if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Terms by semantic function subcategories by language" end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Terms by semantic function subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms categorized by their semantic function, such as types of numbers or questions.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "terms by semantic function", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories} ip3q6oba014cfheyt1lpfwesi3p1clv 828 307053 488057 2026-09-04T16:51:51Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488057 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["shortenings"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are shortened forms of other words or word combinations.", umbrella_parents = "Terms by etymology subcategories by language", parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["abbreviations"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} abbreviated words or groups of words.", parents = {"shortenings"}, } labels["acronyms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} groups of words represented by parts pronounced together as single words.", parents = {"shortenings"}, } labels["apheretic forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words that underwent [[apheresis]], meaning their origin involved a loss or omission of a sound or syllable from their beginning.", parents = {"clippings", "terms by etymology"}, } labels["apocopic forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words that underwent [[apocope]], thus their origin involved a loss or omission of a sound or syllable(s) from their end.", parents = {"clippings", "terms by etymology"}, } labels["clipped compounds"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} compounds formed by clipping some of the words of the original term while leaving others as is.", parents = {"clippings"}, } labels["clippings"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words that were formed from another word by removing part of it, but without changing the part of speech.", parents = {"shortenings"}, } labels["contractions"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} shortened words or phrases, deriving from multiple words.", parents = {"shortenings"}, } labels["ellipses"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are shortened versions of longer expressions.", parents = {"shortenings", "terms by etymology"}, } labels["initialisms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} groups of words represented by their beginning parts pronounced separately.", parents = {"shortenings"}, } labels["nomina sacra"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[nomen sacrum|nomina sacra]].", parents = {"abbreviations"}, } labels["pseudo-acronyms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} groups of words that used to represent an acronym but no longer do, or which appear to be acronyms but are not.", parents = {"shortenings"}, } labels["scribal abbreviations"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} abbreviations used by scribes.", parents = {"abbreviations"}, } labels["sigla"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} letters or symbols standing for words, word parts or common sequences of letters.", parents = {"abbreviations", "symbols"}, } labels["Stenoscript abbreviations"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} abbreviations used in [[Stenoscript]].", parents = {"abbreviations"}, } labels["syllabic abbreviations"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} abbreviations formed from syllables of the words being abbreviated rather than individual letters.", parents = {"acronyms"}, } labels["syncopic forms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words that underwent [[syncope]], thus their origin involved a loss or omission of a sound or syllable from their interior.", parents = {"clippings", "terms by etymology"}, } -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for key, data in pairs(labels) do if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Shortenings subcategories by language" end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Shortenings subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to shortenings.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "shortenings", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories} ecbk0l33ookt03anes8qb88uot8hkr6 828 307054 488058 2026-09-04T16:52:31Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488058 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["speech acts"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that serves a performative function, in addition to conveying information.", umbrella_parents = "Terms by semantic function subcategories by language", parents = {"terms by semantic function"}, } labels["dismissals"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} expressions intended to [[dismiss]] the listener.", parents = {"farewells", "imperative sentences"}, } labels["expressions of gratitude"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} expressions intended to express the [[gratitude]] or [[thank]]s of the speaker to the listener.", parents = {"speech acts"}, } labels["farewells"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} expressions intended to mark the end of the speaker's interaction with the listener.", parents = {"speech acts"}, } labels["greetings"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} expressions intended to mark the start of the speaker's interaction with the listener.", parents = {"speech acts"}, } labels["mnemonics"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms used for remembering something more easily.", parents = {"speech acts"}, } labels["oaths"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} expressions which appeal to a deity or entity as a form of intensifier.", parents = {"speech acts", "intensifiers"}, } labels["responses to sneezing"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} expressions said in response to a [[sneeze]].", parents = {"speech acts"}, } labels["toasts"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} expressions said as part of a [[toast]].", parents = {"speech acts"}, } for label, data in pairs(labels) do if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Speech acts subcategories by language" end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Speech acts subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to speech acts, such as greetings or farewells.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "speech acts", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories} cmv9beiak1prmzgc5jf7btdah9dakx7 828 307055 488059 2026-09-04T16:53:12Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488059 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["symbols"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} written signs.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["diacritical marks"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} glyphs that are added to characters to modify their sounds or meanings.", parents = {"symbols"}, } labels["Han characters"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} symbols of the Han logographic script, which can represent sounds or convey meanings directly.", topright = "{{wp|Chinese characters}}", parents = {"logograms"}, } labels["ideograms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} symbols that represent objects, ideas or concepts directly.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = {"symbols"}, } labels["iteration marks"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} glyphs that act as a shorthand for repeated text.", parents = {"abbreviations", "symbols"}, } labels["letters"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} symbols that represent single sounds. Variations of letters, such as letters with diacritics, should also be categorized here.", parents = {"symbols"}, } labels["ligatures"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} letters that have been combined into a single graphical unit.", parents = {"symbols"}, } labels["logograms"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} symbols that represent single words or morphemes.", parents = {"symbols"}, } labels["matched pairs"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} pairs of separate characters that are used together. Example: [[( )]].", parents = {"symbols"}, } labels["numeral symbols"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} symbols that represent numerals.", breadcrumb = "numeral", parents = {"symbols"}, } labels["punctuation marks"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} symbols that indicate structure and organization of writing.", parents = {"symbols"}, } labels["syllables"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} symbols that represent groups of sounds. Variations of syllables, such as syllables with diacritics, should also be categorized here.", parents = {"symbols"}, } labels["multigraphs"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} symbols consisting of multiple letters.", parents = {"symbols"}, } local function multigraph(name, n) labels[name] = { description = "{{{langname}}} symbols consisting of " .. n .. " letters.", parents = {"multigraphs"}, } end multigraph("digraphs", "two") multigraph("trigraphs", "three") multigraph("tetragraphs", "four") multigraph("pentagraphs", "five") multigraph("hexagraphs", "six") multigraph("heptagraphs", "seven") multigraph("octagraphs", "eight") -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for key, data in pairs(labels) do if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Symbols subcategories by language" end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Symbols subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to symbols.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "symbols", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } raw_categories["Astronomical symbols"] = { description = "[[nonalphabetic|Non-alphabetic]] and [[nonnumeric|non-numeric]] symbols used in [[astronomy]] and [[astrology]].", breadcrumb = "astronomical", catfix = "mul", parents = { {name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } raw_categories["Chemical element symbols"] = { description = "Symbols for [[chemical element]]s.", breadcrumb = "chemical element", catfix = "mul", parents = { {name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } raw_categories["Obsolete chemical element symbols"] = { description = "Obsolete symbols for [[chemical element]]s.", additional = "These may be cases where (a) a different symbol is now used for the same element (e.g. {{m|mul|Lr}} in place of {{m|mul|Lw}} for [[lawrencium]]); (b) the symbol stands for an obsolete name of an element (e.g. {{m|mul|Ct}} and {{m|mul|Kt}} for [[celtium]], now named [[hafnium]]); (c) the symbol stands for an obsolete element, now known to not exist (e.g. {{m|mul|Di}} for [[didymium]], now known to be a mixture of [[praseodymium]] and [[neodymium]]).", catfix = "mul", breadcrumb = "obsolete", parents = { "Chemical element symbols", {name = "terms with obsolete senses", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } raw_categories["Systematic chemical element symbols"] = { description = "Symbols for {{w|systematic element name|systematic chemical element names}}.", additional = "{{also|Category:Systematic chemical element names}}", catfix = "mul", breadcrumb = "systematic", parents = {"Chemical element symbols"}, } raw_categories["Currency codes"] = { description = "Three-letter and four-letter codes for [[currency|currencies]].", additional = "{{also|Category:ISO 4217|Category:Currency symbols}}", catfix = "mul", parents = { {name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } raw_categories["ISO 4217"] = { description = "Three-letter [[currency]] codes established by the {{w|ISO 4217}} standard.", additional = "{{also|Category:ISO 4217|Category:Currency symbols}}", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO codes", sort = "#04217"}, "Currency codes", }, } raw_categories["Currency symbols"] = { description = "Symbols for [[currency|currencies]].", additional = "These are the actual characters used to represent quantities in specific currencies, such as the dollar sign ({{m|mul|$}}) and pound sign ({{m|mul|£}}), as opposed to codes used to identify the currencies themselves, e.g. {{m|mul|USD}} and {{m|mul|GBP}}.\n{{also|Category:Currency codes|Category:ISO 4217}}", breadcrumb = "currency", catfix = "mul", parents = { {name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } raw_categories["IATA airport codes"] = { description = "Notable [[IATA]] airport codes (those that pass [[WT:CFI]]), e.g. {{m|mul|LAX}}, {{m|mul|DFW}} and {{m|mul|YYZ}}.", additional = "For a full list, see [[Appendix:IATA airport codes]]. See also [[:Category:IATA metropolitan area codes]].", catfix = "mul", parents = { {name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } raw_categories["IATA metropolitan area codes"] = { description = "Notable [[IATA]] metropolitan area codes (those that pass [[WT:CFI]]).", additional = "Metropolitan area codes are used when a given metropolitan area has more than one airport and a flight involving any airport in the area is requested.", catfix = "mul", parents = { {name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } raw_categories["ICAO spelling alphabet"] = { description = "Standardized names for Latin alphabet letters, numbers and punctuation marks established by {{w|International Civil Aviation Organization}} (ICAO).", additional = "In practice, these are very similar to the names of the {{catlink|ITU & IMO phonetic alphabet}}.", catfix = "mul", parents = { {name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } raw_categories["ITU & IMO phonetic alphabet"] = { description = "Standardized names for Latin alphabet letters, numbers and punctuation marks established by {{w|International Telecommunication Union}} (ITU) and {{w|International Maritime Organization}} (IMO).", additional = "In practice, these are very similar to the names of the {{catlink|ICAO spelling alphabet}}.", catfix = "mul", parents = { {name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } raw_categories["ISO codes"] = { description = "Categories listing codes established by various [[ISO]] standards.", catfix = "mul", parents = { {name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } raw_categories["ISO 216"] = { description = "Paper sizes established by the {{w|ISO 216}} standard.", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO codes", sort = "#00216"}, "mul:Paper sizes", }, } raw_categories["ISO 217"] = { description = "Raw paper sizes established by the {{w|ISO 217}} standard.", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO codes", sort = "#00217"}, "mul:Paper sizes", }, } raw_categories["ISO 269"] = { description = "Envelope sizes established by the {{w|ISO 269}} standard.", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO codes", sort = "#00269"}, "mul:Paper sizes", }, } raw_categories["ISO 639"] = { description = "Language and language family codes established by the {{w|ISO 639}} standard.", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO codes", sort = "#00639"}}, } raw_categories["ISO 639-1"] = { description = "Two-letter language codes established by the {{w|ISO 639-1}} standard.", additional = "{{also|Category:ISO 639-3|Category:ISO 639-5}}", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO 639", sort = "#1"}}, } raw_categories["ISO 639-2"] = { description = "Three-letter language codes established by the {{w|ISO 639-2}} standard.", additional = "This standard has largely been superseded by {{w|ISO 639-3}}. See [[:Category:ISO 639-3]], as well as [[:Category:ISO 639-1]] (two-letter codes) and [[:Category:ISO 639-5]] (family codes).", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO 639", sort = "#2"}}, } raw_categories["ISO 639-3"] = { description = "Three-letter language codes established by the {{w|ISO 639-3}} standard.", additional = "{{also|Category:ISO 639-1|Category:ISO 639-5}}", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO 639", sort = "#3"}}, } raw_categories["ISO 639-5"] = { description = "Three-letter language family codes established by the {{w|ISO 639-5}} standard.", additional = "{{also|Category:ISO 639-1|Category:ISO 639-3}}", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO 639", sort = "#5"}}, } raw_categories["ISO 15924"] = { description = "Four-letter language script codes established by the {{w|ISO 15924}} standard.", additional = "The first letter is capitalized, e.g. {{m|mul|Latn}} for the {{catlink|Latin script}} and {{m|mul|Cyrl}} for the {{catlink|Cyrillic script}}.", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO codes", sort = "#15924"}}, } raw_categories["ISO 3166"] = { description = "Country and political subdivision codes established by the {{w|ISO 3166}} standard.", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO codes", sort = "#03166"}}, } raw_categories["ISO 3166-1"] = { description = "Country codes established by the {{w|ISO 3166-2}} standard.", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO 3166", sort = "#1"}}, } raw_categories["ISO 3166-1 alpha-2"] = { description = "Two-letter country codes established by the {{w|ISO 3166-1}} standard.", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO 3166-1", sort = "#2"}}, } raw_categories["ISO 3166-1 alpha-3"] = { description = "Three-letter country codes established by the {{w|ISO 3166-1}} standard.", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO 3166-1", sort = "#3"}}, } raw_categories["ISO 3166-2"] = { description = "Top-level political subdivision codes established by the {{w|ISO 3166-2}} standard.", catfix = "mul", parents = {{name = "ISO 3166", sort = "#2"}}, } raw_categories["Musical symbols"] = { description = "Symbols used in musical notation.", additional = "These include a combination of single-character glyphs (e.g. {{m|mul|♯}}, the sharp sign) and multi-character codes (e.g. {{m|mul|ff}} for {{m|en|fortissimo}}, ie. very loud).", catfix = "mul", parents = { {name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"}, }, } return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories} r7vkn6yp1dfuujnfd3sdosylfyo73ox 828 307056 488060 2026-09-04T16:54:03Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488060 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local languages_module = "Module:languages" local insert = table.insert ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["templates"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[Wiktionary:Templates|templates]], which contain reusable wiki code that helps with creating and managing entries.", umbrella = { parents = {{name = "Templates", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = "by language", }, parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["auto-table templates"] = { description = "Templates that contain {{{langname}}} tables generated automatically.", additional = "They use the <code>table:</code> prefix. For example, see [[Template:table:chess pieces/en]].", parents = {"link templates"}, } labels["category boilerplate templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate descriptions and categorization for category pages.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["conversion templates"] = { description = "Templates used in {{{langname}}} entries to convert between different orthographic or numeral representations.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["definition templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] of {{{langname}}} entries to help in creating definitions.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["entry templates"] = { description = "Templates used to help in the creation of {{{langname}}} entries.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Entry templates"}, parents = {"templates"}, } labels["etymology templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the etymology section of {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["experimental templates"] = { description = "Templates used to test possible content for {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used on the definition line of entries for inflected forms of words in {{{langdisp}}}, to link back to the main form.", parents = {"definition templates", "link templates"}, } labels["headword-line templates"] = { description = "Templates used in {{{langname}}} entries to display lines containing headwords.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["index templates"] = { description = "Templates used to organize {{{langname}}} indexes.", parents = {"link templates"}, } labels["inflection-table templates"] = { description = "Templates used to show inflection tables for {{{langname}}} terms.", parents = {"templates"}, } -- Do particular types of inflection-table templates. for _, pos in ipairs({ "adjective", "adverb", "determiner", "nominal", "noun", "numeral", "participle", "postposition", "particle", "preposition", "pronoun", "verb", }) do labels[pos .. " inflection-table templates"] = { description = "Templates used to show declension tables for {{{langname}}} " .. pos .. "s.", parents = {"inflection-table templates"}, } end labels["link templates"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} templates used to create links to other entries.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["list templates"] = { description = "Templates that contain {{{langname}}} lists.", additional = "They use the <code>list:</code> prefix. For example, see [[Template:list:Latin script letters/en]].<br />" .. "See also [[:Category:List templates]].", parents = {"link templates"}, } labels["mutation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to show mutation of {{{langname}}} words.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["navigation templates"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} templates used to create navigation boxes for easily linking to other similar pages.", additional = "Examples are all the members of a given class (e.g. personal pronouns, interrogatives, demonstratives), cardinal numbers up to 100, category TOC (table-of-contents) templates, etc.", parents = {"link templates"}, } labels["pronunciation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate IPA pronunciation, rhymes, hyphenation, etc. for {{{langname}}} entries.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Category:Pronunciation templates"}, parents = {"templates"}, } labels["sign production templates"] = { description = "Templates used in describing and showing the production of {{{langname}}} signs.", parents = {"pronunciation templates"}, } labels["quotation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate quotations for {{{langname}}} entries.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Category:Citation templates"}, parents = {"templates"}, } labels["quotation navigation templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the documentation of {{{langname}}} [[Wiktionary:Quotations/Templates|quotation templates]] in order to link to quotation templates for other works by the same author.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Category:Navigation templates", "Category:Quotation templates by language"}, parents = {"quotation templates", "link templates"}, } labels["reference templates"] = { topright = function(data) if data.lang and data.lang:getCode() == "ine-pro" then return "{{shortcut|WT:RTINE}}" end end, umbrella = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Reference templates}}\n{{also|Template:refcat}}", parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Category:Reference templates"}, breadcrumb = "by language", }, description = "Templates used to generate reference footnotes for {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"link templates"}, } labels["reference navigation templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the documentation of reference templates in order to link to related reference templates.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Category:Navigation templates", "Category:Reference templates by language"}, parents = {"reference templates", "link templates"}, } labels["supplementary templates"] = { description = "Templates used to keep contents for other {{{langname}}} templates.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["inflection-table subtemplates"] = { description = "Templates used to assist in constructing parts of {{{langname}}} inflection-table templates.", parents = {"supplementary templates"}, } labels["usage templates"] = { description = "Templates used to show usage notes in {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"templates"}, } for key, data in pairs(labels) do -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. if not data.umbrella and not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Templates subcategories by language" end -- Add breadcrumb by chopping off the parent (or the parent's parent, etc.) from the end of the label, if possible. if not data.breadcrumb then local parent = data.parents[1] while true do if type(parent) == "string" then local parent_re = " " .. require("Module:string utilities").pattern_escape(parent) .. "$" if key:find(parent_re) then data.breadcrumb = key:gsub(parent_re, "") break end if labels[parent] then parent = labels[parent].parents[1] else break end else break end end end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Templates"] = { topright = "{{shortcut|WT:T}}", description = "An organizing category intended for all templates in use on Wiktionary.", additional = "''See also: [[Wiktionary:Templates]], [[meta:Help:Template]]''", parents = {"Wiktionary"}, } raw_categories["Administration templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the administration of Wiktionary.", additional = "They are only used outside of mainspace and are distinct from [[:Category:Maintenance templates|maintenance templates]], which are used in maintaining entries.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Archive templates"] = { description = "Templates used on archived or otherwise inactive pages.", parents = {"Administration templates"}, } raw_categories["CheckUser templates"] = { description = "Templates related to [[Wiktionary:Requests for checkuser|checkuser requests]].", parents = {"Administration templates"}, } raw_categories["Editnotices"] = { description = "Templates used to display notices in edit mode.", parents = {"Administration templates"}, } raw_categories["Appendix templates"] = { description = "Templates used in appendices or to link to appendices.", parents = {"Templates", "Category:Appendices"}, } raw_categories["Swadesh list templates"] = { description = "Templates used on pages that contain [[w:Swadesh list]]s.<br />" .. "See also [[Wiktionary:Swadesh template]] and [[Wiktionary:Swadesh template categorized]].", parents = {"Appendix templates"}, } raw_categories["Astrology templates"] = { description = "Templates that display astrology-related diagrams or boxes.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Audio templates"] = { description = "Templates used to play or request audio files.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Auto-table templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate word tables (like [[Template:table:seasons]]).", additional = "See also [[:Category:Auto-table templates by language]].", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Box templates"] = { description = "General purpose box templates.", additional = "If you're considering making a template that looks like a box, look here first!", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Categorization templates"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Category modules}}", description = "Templates used to categorize terms or entries.", additional = "([[:Category:Category templates]], on the other hand, contains templates used in the category namespace.)", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Category templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the category namespace.", additional = "([[:Category:Categorization templates]], on the other hand, contains templates used to categorize pages.)", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Category boilerplate templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate the text of category pages.", parents = {"Category templates"}, } raw_categories["TOC templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate a list of linked letters to navigate the pages listed in categories.", parents = {"Category templates", "Navigation templates"}, } raw_categories["Character info templates"] = { description = "Templates that utilize {{temp|character info}}.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Character insertion templates"] = { description = "Templates that provide easier ways to type characters that are not found in most keyboard layouts.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Templates for generating characters used in wiki code"] = { description = "Templates used to generate characters that are reserved for specific wiki code functions and cannot be directly entered.", additional = "An alternative to using these templates is to use an HTML entity such as <code>&amp;#91</code> " .. "for a left bracket.<br />" .. "Note that the templates below are sorted by the first character of the wikicode that each template generates.", parents = {"Character insertion templates"}, } raw_categories["Chemistry templates"] = { description = "Templates that display chemistry-related diagrams or boxes.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Chess templates"] = { description = "Templates that display chess diagrams.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Citation templates"] = { preceding = "{{ombox|type=speedy|text=Some templates may be marked '''FOR TESTING ONLY'''. Do not use these in entries, if requested on the template page itself. Take a look at the template page before using it.}}", description = "Templates used to generate citations and quotations.", additional = [=[ {{citation templates}} ==See also== * [[Wiktionary:Quotations]] * [[:Category:Reference templates]] for specific templates to well-known and widely used sources.]=], parents = {"Templates"}, } -- Skipped: Concordance templates raw_categories["Control flow templates"] = { description = "Templates to aid in control-flow constructs, which the template language is normally limited in.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Cross reference templates"] = { description = "Templates used to create cross-references between sections.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Dating templates"] = { description = "Templates for displaying dates.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Definition templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] to help in creating definitions.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining inflections or variants of a given lemma.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Grammar form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining terms that stand in a particular grammatical relation to a given lemma.", parents = {"Form-of templates"}, } raw_categories["Conjugation form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining terms that represent particular verb forms (e.g. past participle) of given lemma.", parents = {"Grammar form-of templates"}, } raw_categories["Declension form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining terms that represent particular noun or adjective forms (e.g. masculine plural) of given lemma.", parents = {"Grammar form-of templates"}, } raw_categories["Name templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] to help in creating definitions for names.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Object usage templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] to show case and adposition usage for verb objects and similar constructs.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Place name templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining place names or demonyms that refer to place names.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Entry templates"] = { description = "Templates used to help create new entries.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Etymology templates"] = { description = "Templates used in etymology sections to define the etymology of a term.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Foreign derivation templates"] = { description = "Templates used in etymology sections to indicate derivation from a different language than the language of the current entry.", parents = {"Etymology templates"}, } raw_categories["Morphology templates"] = { description = "Templates used in etymology sections to specify the morphology of a term.", parents = {"Etymology templates"}, } raw_categories["Language-specific morphology templates"] = { description = "Specialized morphology templates used in the etymology sections of terms in particular languages.", parents = {"Morphology templates"}, } raw_categories["Headword-line templates"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Headword-line templates}}", description = "Templates used to define the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#headword line|headword line]] of a term.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Discussion templates"] = { description = "Templates intended for use only in discussions and documentation of templates and modules.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Monthly-subpages discussion room infrastructure"] = { description = "Templates used in generating and maintaining monthly discussion forums such as the [[Wiktionary:Grease pit|Grease pit]] and [[Wiktionary:Beer parlour|Beer parlour]].", parents = {"Discussion templates"}, } raw_categories["Documentation templates"] = { description = "Templates used on template and module documentation pages.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["File templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the File namespace.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Language attestation warning templates"] = { description = "Templates that warn users about the attestation status of entries or senses from a language.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Layout templates"] = { description = "Templates used in creating specific layouts within entries.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Collapsible box templates"] = { description = "Templates used in creating collapsible boxes.", parents = {"Layout templates"}, } raw_categories["Column templates"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Templates#Columns}}", description = "Templates used in laying out lists in columns.", parents = {"Layout templates"}, } raw_categories["Table templates"] = { description = "Templates used in formatting tables.", parents = {"Layout templates"}, } raw_categories["Link templates"] = { description = "Templates used to link to other terms, to other MediaWiki projects or to external websites.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Disambiguation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to disambiguate multiple similar terms.", parents = {"Link templates"}, } raw_categories["External link templates"] = { description = "Templates that link to websites outside of the MediaWiki Foundation purview.", additional = "See also [[:Category:Citation templates]] for others.", parents = {"Link templates"}, } raw_categories["Internal link templates"] = { description = "Templates that link between Wiktionary entries.", parents = {"Link templates"}, } raw_categories["Language-specific internal link templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that link between Wiktionary entries in particular languages.", parents = {"Internal link templates"}, } raw_categories["Interwiki link templates"] = { description = "Templates that link to other Wikimedia projects.", parents = {"Link templates"}, } raw_categories["Inline interwiki link templates"] = { description = "Inline templates that link to other Wikimedia projects.", parents = {"Interwiki link templates"}, } raw_categories["Sidebar interwiki link templates"] = { description = "Sidebar templates that link to other Wikimedia projects.", parents = {"Interwiki link templates"}, } raw_categories["Wikipedia link templates"] = { description = "Templates that link to Wikipedia.", parents = {"Interwiki link templates"}, } raw_categories["Wikidata link templates"] = { -- TODO: Following the category names in other wikis, -- Possibly rename to just "Wikidata templates"? description = "Templates that link to or query Wikidata.", parents = {"Interwiki link templates"}, } raw_categories["Wikisource link templates"] = { description = "Templates that link to Wikisource.", parents = {"Interwiki link templates"}, } raw_categories["Wikispecies link templates"] = { description = "Templates that link to Wikispecies.", parents = {"Interwiki link templates", "Taxonomic reference templates"}, } raw_categories["List templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate lists.", additional = "See also [[:Category:List templates by language]].", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Character list templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate lists of characters.", parents = {"List templates"}, } raw_categories["Lua-free templates"] = { description = 'Lua-free (i.e. "lite") versions of templates that use Lua.', additional = "Lua-free templates are used on long pages to avoid [[Wiktionary:Lua memory errors|Lua memory errors]].", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Maintenance templates"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Maintenance templates}}", description = "Templates used in the maintenance of Wiktionary entries and other pages.", additional = "They are distinct from [[:Category:Administration templates|administration templates]], which are only used outside of mainspace.", parents = {"Templates", "Category:Wiktionary maintenance"}, } raw_categories["Cleanup templates"] = { description = "Templates used to request cleanup of entries.", additional = "Some of these templates are used when entries are batch-imported from another source.", parents = {"Maintenance templates", "Request templates"}, } raw_categories["Deletion templates"] = { description = "Templates used to request deletion of entries.", parents = {"Maintenance templates", "Request templates"}, } raw_categories["Verification templates"] = { description = "Templates used to request verification of entries that may be incorrect.", parents = {"Maintenance templates", "Request templates"}, } raw_categories["Wiktionary templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the internal operation of Wiktionary.", parents = {"Templates", "Wiktionary"}, } raw_categories["Metatemplates"] = { description = "Templates used in other templates or to create other templates.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["String manipulation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to manipulate strings.", additional = "See also [[Module:string/templates]], which can be invoked from templates to do string manipulation.", parents = {"Metatemplates"}, } ------------ NAVIGATION TEMPLATES ------------ raw_categories["Navigation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to create navigation boxes for easily linking to other similar pages.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Language-specific number templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate number boxes or lists for a given language.", additional = "Contrast {{catlink|Number templates}}, which contains general (language-agnostic) templates for converting numbers or generating number boxes or lists in a given language.", parents = {"Navigation templates"}, } raw_categories["Pro-form box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate navigation boxes for displaying pro-forms (pronouns, determiners, pronominal adverbs, etc.) for a given language.", parents = {"Navigation templates"}, } raw_categories["Demonstrative box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate demonstrative pronoun, determiner and adverb boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Grammatical article box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate grammatical article boxes (definite, indefinite, partitive, etc.) for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Interrogative box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate interrogative pronoun, determiner and adverb boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Personal pronoun box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate personal pronoun boxes for a given language.", additional = [=[ The standard format for these templates is: * Where the language is uninflected (e.g. Samoan {{tl|sm-personal pronouns}}) or the language is inflected but the box shows only the lemma forms of the pronoun (e.g. Basque {{tl|eu-personal pronouns}}), the '''numbers''' (singular/plural) run across the top and the '''persons''' (1st/2nd/3rd) run down the left side. * Where the language is inflected, the '''cases''' run across the top. Down the left side, the headers (from left to right) are '''number''', '''person''', then any subform if applicable. Example: Middle High German {{tl|gmh-personal pronouns}} ** Exceptions: *** If there are too many cases to fit on the screen as columns, the template can be transposed so that cases run vertically. Example: Northern Yukaghir {{tl|ykg-personal pronouns}} *** If the singular and plural forms are very similar, consider placing the person headers outside number instead. Example: Punjabi {{tl|pa-personal pronouns}} ]=], parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Possessive pronoun and determiner box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate possessive pronoun and determiner boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Reflexive pronoun and determiner box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate reflexive pronoun and determiner boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Relative pronoun and determiner box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate relative pronoun and determiner boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Number templates"] = { description = "General (language-agnostic) templates used to convert numbers or generate boxes or lists of the numbers in a given language.", additional = "Contrast {{catlink|Language-specific number templates}}, which contains language-specific templates for generating number boxes or lists in a given language.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Orthographic and regional variant templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate lists of links to alternative forms of a term, either across orthographic systems, scripts, or regional or dialectal variation.", parents = {"Script templates", "Internal link templates"}, } raw_categories["Pagename templates"] = { description = "Templates used to retrieve pagenames or pagename properties or manipulate pagenames.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Preloaded templates"] = { description = "Templates not meant to be transcluded, but instead, whether through URL parameters or modules, have their contents preloaded into edit fields.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Pronunciation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format pronunciation sections and the characters they use.", additional = "See also [[:Category:Script templates]] and [[Wiktionary:Pronunciation]].", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Rhyme templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format [[Wiktionary:Rhymes|rhyme pages]], links to them from pronunciation sections, etc.", parents = {"Pronunciation templates"}, } raw_categories["Sign language templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format sign-language pronunciation charts.", parents = {"Pronunciation templates"}, } raw_categories["Qualifier and gloss templates"] = { description = "Templates for displaying qualifiers, glosses and the like.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Redirect templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format redirect pages.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Reference templates"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Reference templates|:Category:Reference templates by language}}", description = "Templates used to format references.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Religion templates"] = { description = "Templates that display religion-related diagrams or boxes.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Request templates"] = { topright = "{{shortcut|WT:RT}}", description = "Request templates for dictionary entries in the main namespace.", parents = {"Templates", "Requests"}, } raw_categories["Sandbox templates"] = { description = "Sandbox versions of templates used for testing purposes.", additional = "'''NOTE:''' The use of sandbox templates in mainspace is strongly dispreferred. Please place all sandbox templates in your userspace.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Script templates"] = { preceding = "{{mainwikt|Scripts}}", description = "Templates used for converting between scripts or displaying text in a specific script.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Semantic relation templates"] = { description = "Templates that are placed below the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]], to indicate other terms semantically related to a particular sense.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Single-page-use templates"] = { description = "Templates used only on a single page and unlikely to find re-use elsewhere.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Supplementary templates"] = { description = "A grab bag of templates used to assist other templates.", additional = "These should be recategorized according to function.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomy templates"] = { description = "Templates used in Translingual taxonomy entries and in reference to those entries.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomic hypernym templates"] = { description = "Templates and subcategories containing such templates. The templates contain text to appear under the Hypernyms header for taxonomic name entries.", additional = "Each template has the name of the taxon from which it begins. The templates in this category at present are the many templates that begin with the names of taxonomic families. Others are in subcategories", breadcrumb = "Hypernym", parents = {"Taxonomy templates"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomic name templates"] = { description = "Templates used for the presentation of taxonomic names on a definition line.", breadcrumb = "Name", parents = {"Taxonomy templates", "Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomic reference templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format references for taxonomic names.", breadcrumb = "Reference", parents = {"Taxonomy templates", "Reference templates"}, } raw_categories["Templates that must be substituted"] = { description = "Templates that are not intended for transclusion with <code><nowiki>{{ }}</nowiki></code>, " .. "and must be substituted with <code><nowiki>{{subst: }}</nowiki></code>wherever they exist.", additional = "Some of the members of this category are permanent, as the template was written in such a way that " .. "it must be substituted to function properly. There may also be templates in this category that are deprecated, " .. "in which case their content has been replaced with the preferred code.", parents = {"Templates", "Requests"}, } raw_categories["Templates with acceleration"] = { description = "Templates can be added to this category by adding {{tl|isAccelerated}} to their documentation pages.", additional = "Presence in this category indicates that at least some of the \"form-of\" entries for the word can be generated semi-automatically by users with [[Wiktionary:ACCEL|accelerated]] editing enabled.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Text format templates"] = { description = "Templates that provide shortcuts for formatting ordinary text.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Thesaurus templates"] = { description = "Templates for linking to or formatting thesaurus entries.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Translation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format entries in and parts of translation tables.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["User templates"] = { description = "Templates meant to be used in userspace.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["User sandbox templates"] = { description = "Templates that are for personal use and testing by individual editors.", additional = "These should all begin with <code>User:</code> followed by the user's name. If several " .. "sandbox templates are needed by a single user, subpages can be created. These templates should not be used in real " .. "Wiktionary content pages, as all content on those pages should be editable by anyone and, if necessary, edit protected.", parents = { "Sandbox templates", "Templates" }, } raw_categories["Authority control subtemplates"] = { description = "Subtemplates used in conjunction with {{tl|authority control}}.", parents = {"User templates"}, } raw_categories["User competency templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in a given natural language, script or programming language.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"User templates"}, } raw_categories["Coder user templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in a given programming language.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"User competency templates"}, } raw_categories["Language user templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in speaking a given language.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"User competency templates"}, } raw_categories["Script user templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in reading a given script.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"User competency templates"}, } raw_categories["WOTD templates"] = { description = "Templates used to support the Word of the Day.", parents = {"Wiktionary templates"}, } raw_categories["FWOTD templates"] = { description = "Templates used to support the Foreign Word of the Day.", parents = {"WOTD templates"}, } raw_categories["Non-production templates and modules"] = { description = "Templates and modules not currently used in production.", additional = "{{also|Special:UnusedTemplates|Category:Unused templates}}", parents = {"Templates", "Modules", "Category:Wiktionary maintenance"}, } raw_categories["Templates subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to templates.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "templates", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } -- Add breadcrumb by chopping off the parent (or the parent's parent, etc.) from the end of the label, if possible. for key, data in pairs(raw_categories) do if not data.breadcrumb then local parent = data.parents[1] while true do if type(parent) == "string" then local parent_re = " " .. require("Module:string utilities").pattern_escape(mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(parent)) .. "$" if key:find(parent_re) then data.breadcrumb = key:gsub(parent_re, "") break end if raw_categories[parent] then parent = raw_categories[parent].parents[1] else break end else break end end end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- insert(raw_handlers, function(data) -- Allow 'Foo reference templates' for etym-only varieties. local langname = data.category:match("^(.+) reference templates$") if not langname then return nil end local lang = require(languages_module).getByCanonicalName(langname, nil, true) if lang and lang:hasType("etymology-only") then local first_parent local lang_parent = lang:getParent() if lang_parent:hasType("etymology-only") then -- In case there are nested etymology templates, return the parent's reference template cat, not the -- full lang's reference template cat. first_parent = lang_parent:getCanonicalName() .. " reference templates" else first_parent = {name = "reference templates", lang = lang_parent:getCode(), is_label = true} end return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Templates used to generate reference footnotes for {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = { first_parent, lang:getCategoryName(), }, breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key = langname, } end end) return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} hqkhrd0nngaomt6m0kf84zac4qyilu1 488061 488060 2026-09-04T16:54:49Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/साँचे]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/templates]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488060 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local languages_module = "Module:languages" local insert = table.insert ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["templates"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[Wiktionary:Templates|templates]], which contain reusable wiki code that helps with creating and managing entries.", umbrella = { parents = {{name = "Templates", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = "by language", }, parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["auto-table templates"] = { description = "Templates that contain {{{langname}}} tables generated automatically.", additional = "They use the <code>table:</code> prefix. For example, see [[Template:table:chess pieces/en]].", parents = {"link templates"}, } labels["category boilerplate templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate descriptions and categorization for category pages.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["conversion templates"] = { description = "Templates used in {{{langname}}} entries to convert between different orthographic or numeral representations.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["definition templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] of {{{langname}}} entries to help in creating definitions.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["entry templates"] = { description = "Templates used to help in the creation of {{{langname}}} entries.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Entry templates"}, parents = {"templates"}, } labels["etymology templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the etymology section of {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["experimental templates"] = { description = "Templates used to test possible content for {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used on the definition line of entries for inflected forms of words in {{{langdisp}}}, to link back to the main form.", parents = {"definition templates", "link templates"}, } labels["headword-line templates"] = { description = "Templates used in {{{langname}}} entries to display lines containing headwords.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["index templates"] = { description = "Templates used to organize {{{langname}}} indexes.", parents = {"link templates"}, } labels["inflection-table templates"] = { description = "Templates used to show inflection tables for {{{langname}}} terms.", parents = {"templates"}, } -- Do particular types of inflection-table templates. for _, pos in ipairs({ "adjective", "adverb", "determiner", "nominal", "noun", "numeral", "participle", "postposition", "particle", "preposition", "pronoun", "verb", }) do labels[pos .. " inflection-table templates"] = { description = "Templates used to show declension tables for {{{langname}}} " .. pos .. "s.", parents = {"inflection-table templates"}, } end labels["link templates"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} templates used to create links to other entries.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["list templates"] = { description = "Templates that contain {{{langname}}} lists.", additional = "They use the <code>list:</code> prefix. For example, see [[Template:list:Latin script letters/en]].<br />" .. "See also [[:Category:List templates]].", parents = {"link templates"}, } labels["mutation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to show mutation of {{{langname}}} words.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["navigation templates"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} templates used to create navigation boxes for easily linking to other similar pages.", additional = "Examples are all the members of a given class (e.g. personal pronouns, interrogatives, demonstratives), cardinal numbers up to 100, category TOC (table-of-contents) templates, etc.", parents = {"link templates"}, } labels["pronunciation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate IPA pronunciation, rhymes, hyphenation, etc. for {{{langname}}} entries.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Category:Pronunciation templates"}, parents = {"templates"}, } labels["sign production templates"] = { description = "Templates used in describing and showing the production of {{{langname}}} signs.", parents = {"pronunciation templates"}, } labels["quotation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate quotations for {{{langname}}} entries.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Category:Citation templates"}, parents = {"templates"}, } labels["quotation navigation templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the documentation of {{{langname}}} [[Wiktionary:Quotations/Templates|quotation templates]] in order to link to quotation templates for other works by the same author.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Category:Navigation templates", "Category:Quotation templates by language"}, parents = {"quotation templates", "link templates"}, } labels["reference templates"] = { topright = function(data) if data.lang and data.lang:getCode() == "ine-pro" then return "{{shortcut|WT:RTINE}}" end end, umbrella = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Reference templates}}\n{{also|Template:refcat}}", parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Category:Reference templates"}, breadcrumb = "by language", }, description = "Templates used to generate reference footnotes for {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"link templates"}, } labels["reference navigation templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the documentation of reference templates in order to link to related reference templates.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Category:Navigation templates", "Category:Reference templates by language"}, parents = {"reference templates", "link templates"}, } labels["supplementary templates"] = { description = "Templates used to keep contents for other {{{langname}}} templates.", parents = {"templates"}, } labels["inflection-table subtemplates"] = { description = "Templates used to assist in constructing parts of {{{langname}}} inflection-table templates.", parents = {"supplementary templates"}, } labels["usage templates"] = { description = "Templates used to show usage notes in {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"templates"}, } for key, data in pairs(labels) do -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. if not data.umbrella and not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Templates subcategories by language" end -- Add breadcrumb by chopping off the parent (or the parent's parent, etc.) from the end of the label, if possible. if not data.breadcrumb then local parent = data.parents[1] while true do if type(parent) == "string" then local parent_re = " " .. require("Module:string utilities").pattern_escape(parent) .. "$" if key:find(parent_re) then data.breadcrumb = key:gsub(parent_re, "") break end if labels[parent] then parent = labels[parent].parents[1] else break end else break end end end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Templates"] = { topright = "{{shortcut|WT:T}}", description = "An organizing category intended for all templates in use on Wiktionary.", additional = "''See also: [[Wiktionary:Templates]], [[meta:Help:Template]]''", parents = {"Wiktionary"}, } raw_categories["Administration templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the administration of Wiktionary.", additional = "They are only used outside of mainspace and are distinct from [[:Category:Maintenance templates|maintenance templates]], which are used in maintaining entries.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Archive templates"] = { description = "Templates used on archived or otherwise inactive pages.", parents = {"Administration templates"}, } raw_categories["CheckUser templates"] = { description = "Templates related to [[Wiktionary:Requests for checkuser|checkuser requests]].", parents = {"Administration templates"}, } raw_categories["Editnotices"] = { description = "Templates used to display notices in edit mode.", parents = {"Administration templates"}, } raw_categories["Appendix templates"] = { description = "Templates used in appendices or to link to appendices.", parents = {"Templates", "Category:Appendices"}, } raw_categories["Swadesh list templates"] = { description = "Templates used on pages that contain [[w:Swadesh list]]s.<br />" .. "See also [[Wiktionary:Swadesh template]] and [[Wiktionary:Swadesh template categorized]].", parents = {"Appendix templates"}, } raw_categories["Astrology templates"] = { description = "Templates that display astrology-related diagrams or boxes.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Audio templates"] = { description = "Templates used to play or request audio files.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Auto-table templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate word tables (like [[Template:table:seasons]]).", additional = "See also [[:Category:Auto-table templates by language]].", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Box templates"] = { description = "General purpose box templates.", additional = "If you're considering making a template that looks like a box, look here first!", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Categorization templates"] = { preceding = "{{also|:Category:Category modules}}", description = "Templates used to categorize terms or entries.", additional = "([[:Category:Category templates]], on the other hand, contains templates used in the category namespace.)", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Category templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the category namespace.", additional = "([[:Category:Categorization templates]], on the other hand, contains templates used to categorize pages.)", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Category boilerplate templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate the text of category pages.", parents = {"Category templates"}, } raw_categories["TOC templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate a list of linked letters to navigate the pages listed in categories.", parents = {"Category templates", "Navigation templates"}, } raw_categories["Character info templates"] = { description = "Templates that utilize {{temp|character info}}.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Character insertion templates"] = { description = "Templates that provide easier ways to type characters that are not found in most keyboard layouts.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Templates for generating characters used in wiki code"] = { description = "Templates used to generate characters that are reserved for specific wiki code functions and cannot be directly entered.", additional = "An alternative to using these templates is to use an HTML entity such as <code>&amp;#91</code> " .. "for a left bracket.<br />" .. "Note that the templates below are sorted by the first character of the wikicode that each template generates.", parents = {"Character insertion templates"}, } raw_categories["Chemistry templates"] = { description = "Templates that display chemistry-related diagrams or boxes.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Chess templates"] = { description = "Templates that display chess diagrams.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Citation templates"] = { preceding = "{{ombox|type=speedy|text=Some templates may be marked '''FOR TESTING ONLY'''. Do not use these in entries, if requested on the template page itself. Take a look at the template page before using it.}}", description = "Templates used to generate citations and quotations.", additional = [=[ {{citation templates}} ==See also== * [[Wiktionary:Quotations]] * [[:Category:Reference templates]] for specific templates to well-known and widely used sources.]=], parents = {"Templates"}, } -- Skipped: Concordance templates raw_categories["Control flow templates"] = { description = "Templates to aid in control-flow constructs, which the template language is normally limited in.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Cross reference templates"] = { description = "Templates used to create cross-references between sections.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Dating templates"] = { description = "Templates for displaying dates.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Definition templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] to help in creating definitions.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining inflections or variants of a given lemma.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Grammar form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining terms that stand in a particular grammatical relation to a given lemma.", parents = {"Form-of templates"}, } raw_categories["Conjugation form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining terms that represent particular verb forms (e.g. past participle) of given lemma.", parents = {"Grammar form-of templates"}, } raw_categories["Declension form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining terms that represent particular noun or adjective forms (e.g. masculine plural) of given lemma.", parents = {"Grammar form-of templates"}, } raw_categories["Name templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] to help in creating definitions for names.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Object usage templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] to show case and adposition usage for verb objects and similar constructs.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Place name templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining place names or demonyms that refer to place names.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Entry templates"] = { description = "Templates used to help create new entries.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Etymology templates"] = { description = "Templates used in etymology sections to define the etymology of a term.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Foreign derivation templates"] = { description = "Templates used in etymology sections to indicate derivation from a different language than the language of the current entry.", parents = {"Etymology templates"}, } raw_categories["Morphology templates"] = { description = "Templates used in etymology sections to specify the morphology of a term.", parents = {"Etymology templates"}, } raw_categories["Language-specific morphology templates"] = { description = "Specialized morphology templates used in the etymology sections of terms in particular languages.", parents = {"Morphology templates"}, } raw_categories["Headword-line templates"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Headword-line templates}}", description = "Templates used to define the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#headword line|headword line]] of a term.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Discussion templates"] = { description = "Templates intended for use only in discussions and documentation of templates and modules.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Monthly-subpages discussion room infrastructure"] = { description = "Templates used in generating and maintaining monthly discussion forums such as the [[Wiktionary:Grease pit|Grease pit]] and [[Wiktionary:Beer parlour|Beer parlour]].", parents = {"Discussion templates"}, } raw_categories["Documentation templates"] = { description = "Templates used on template and module documentation pages.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["File templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the File namespace.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Language attestation warning templates"] = { description = "Templates that warn users about the attestation status of entries or senses from a language.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Layout templates"] = { description = "Templates used in creating specific layouts within entries.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Collapsible box templates"] = { description = "Templates used in creating collapsible boxes.", parents = {"Layout templates"}, } raw_categories["Column templates"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Templates#Columns}}", description = "Templates used in laying out lists in columns.", parents = {"Layout templates"}, } raw_categories["Table templates"] = { description = "Templates used in formatting tables.", parents = {"Layout templates"}, } raw_categories["Link templates"] = { description = "Templates used to link to other terms, to other MediaWiki projects or to external websites.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Disambiguation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to disambiguate multiple similar terms.", parents = {"Link templates"}, } raw_categories["External link templates"] = { description = "Templates that link to websites outside of the MediaWiki Foundation purview.", additional = "See also [[:Category:Citation templates]] for others.", parents = {"Link templates"}, } raw_categories["Internal link templates"] = { description = "Templates that link between Wiktionary entries.", parents = {"Link templates"}, } raw_categories["Language-specific internal link templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that link between Wiktionary entries in particular languages.", parents = {"Internal link templates"}, } raw_categories["Interwiki link templates"] = { description = "Templates that link to other Wikimedia projects.", parents = {"Link templates"}, } raw_categories["Inline interwiki link templates"] = { description = "Inline templates that link to other Wikimedia projects.", parents = {"Interwiki link templates"}, } raw_categories["Sidebar interwiki link templates"] = { description = "Sidebar templates that link to other Wikimedia projects.", parents = {"Interwiki link templates"}, } raw_categories["Wikipedia link templates"] = { description = "Templates that link to Wikipedia.", parents = {"Interwiki link templates"}, } raw_categories["Wikidata link templates"] = { -- TODO: Following the category names in other wikis, -- Possibly rename to just "Wikidata templates"? description = "Templates that link to or query Wikidata.", parents = {"Interwiki link templates"}, } raw_categories["Wikisource link templates"] = { description = "Templates that link to Wikisource.", parents = {"Interwiki link templates"}, } raw_categories["Wikispecies link templates"] = { description = "Templates that link to Wikispecies.", parents = {"Interwiki link templates", "Taxonomic reference templates"}, } raw_categories["List templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate lists.", additional = "See also [[:Category:List templates by language]].", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Character list templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate lists of characters.", parents = {"List templates"}, } raw_categories["Lua-free templates"] = { description = 'Lua-free (i.e. "lite") versions of templates that use Lua.', additional = "Lua-free templates are used on long pages to avoid [[Wiktionary:Lua memory errors|Lua memory errors]].", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Maintenance templates"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Maintenance templates}}", description = "Templates used in the maintenance of Wiktionary entries and other pages.", additional = "They are distinct from [[:Category:Administration templates|administration templates]], which are only used outside of mainspace.", parents = {"Templates", "Category:Wiktionary maintenance"}, } raw_categories["Cleanup templates"] = { description = "Templates used to request cleanup of entries.", additional = "Some of these templates are used when entries are batch-imported from another source.", parents = {"Maintenance templates", "Request templates"}, } raw_categories["Deletion templates"] = { description = "Templates used to request deletion of entries.", parents = {"Maintenance templates", "Request templates"}, } raw_categories["Verification templates"] = { description = "Templates used to request verification of entries that may be incorrect.", parents = {"Maintenance templates", "Request templates"}, } raw_categories["Wiktionary templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the internal operation of Wiktionary.", parents = {"Templates", "Wiktionary"}, } raw_categories["Metatemplates"] = { description = "Templates used in other templates or to create other templates.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["String manipulation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to manipulate strings.", additional = "See also [[Module:string/templates]], which can be invoked from templates to do string manipulation.", parents = {"Metatemplates"}, } ------------ NAVIGATION TEMPLATES ------------ raw_categories["Navigation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to create navigation boxes for easily linking to other similar pages.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Language-specific number templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate number boxes or lists for a given language.", additional = "Contrast {{catlink|Number templates}}, which contains general (language-agnostic) templates for converting numbers or generating number boxes or lists in a given language.", parents = {"Navigation templates"}, } raw_categories["Pro-form box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate navigation boxes for displaying pro-forms (pronouns, determiners, pronominal adverbs, etc.) for a given language.", parents = {"Navigation templates"}, } raw_categories["Demonstrative box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate demonstrative pronoun, determiner and adverb boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Grammatical article box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate grammatical article boxes (definite, indefinite, partitive, etc.) for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Interrogative box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate interrogative pronoun, determiner and adverb boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Personal pronoun box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate personal pronoun boxes for a given language.", additional = [=[ The standard format for these templates is: * Where the language is uninflected (e.g. Samoan {{tl|sm-personal pronouns}}) or the language is inflected but the box shows only the lemma forms of the pronoun (e.g. Basque {{tl|eu-personal pronouns}}), the '''numbers''' (singular/plural) run across the top and the '''persons''' (1st/2nd/3rd) run down the left side. * Where the language is inflected, the '''cases''' run across the top. Down the left side, the headers (from left to right) are '''number''', '''person''', then any subform if applicable. Example: Middle High German {{tl|gmh-personal pronouns}} ** Exceptions: *** If there are too many cases to fit on the screen as columns, the template can be transposed so that cases run vertically. Example: Northern Yukaghir {{tl|ykg-personal pronouns}} *** If the singular and plural forms are very similar, consider placing the person headers outside number instead. Example: Punjabi {{tl|pa-personal pronouns}} ]=], parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Possessive pronoun and determiner box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate possessive pronoun and determiner boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Reflexive pronoun and determiner box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate reflexive pronoun and determiner boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Relative pronoun and determiner box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate relative pronoun and determiner boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Number templates"] = { description = "General (language-agnostic) templates used to convert numbers or generate boxes or lists of the numbers in a given language.", additional = "Contrast {{catlink|Language-specific number templates}}, which contains language-specific templates for generating number boxes or lists in a given language.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Orthographic and regional variant templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate lists of links to alternative forms of a term, either across orthographic systems, scripts, or regional or dialectal variation.", parents = {"Script templates", "Internal link templates"}, } raw_categories["Pagename templates"] = { description = "Templates used to retrieve pagenames or pagename properties or manipulate pagenames.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Preloaded templates"] = { description = "Templates not meant to be transcluded, but instead, whether through URL parameters or modules, have their contents preloaded into edit fields.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Pronunciation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format pronunciation sections and the characters they use.", additional = "See also [[:Category:Script templates]] and [[Wiktionary:Pronunciation]].", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Rhyme templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format [[Wiktionary:Rhymes|rhyme pages]], links to them from pronunciation sections, etc.", parents = {"Pronunciation templates"}, } raw_categories["Sign language templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format sign-language pronunciation charts.", parents = {"Pronunciation templates"}, } raw_categories["Qualifier and gloss templates"] = { description = "Templates for displaying qualifiers, glosses and the like.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Redirect templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format redirect pages.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Reference templates"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Reference templates|:Category:Reference templates by language}}", description = "Templates used to format references.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Religion templates"] = { description = "Templates that display religion-related diagrams or boxes.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Request templates"] = { topright = "{{shortcut|WT:RT}}", description = "Request templates for dictionary entries in the main namespace.", parents = {"Templates", "Requests"}, } raw_categories["Sandbox templates"] = { description = "Sandbox versions of templates used for testing purposes.", additional = "'''NOTE:''' The use of sandbox templates in mainspace is strongly dispreferred. Please place all sandbox templates in your userspace.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Script templates"] = { preceding = "{{mainwikt|Scripts}}", description = "Templates used for converting between scripts or displaying text in a specific script.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Semantic relation templates"] = { description = "Templates that are placed below the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]], to indicate other terms semantically related to a particular sense.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Single-page-use templates"] = { description = "Templates used only on a single page and unlikely to find re-use elsewhere.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Supplementary templates"] = { description = "A grab bag of templates used to assist other templates.", additional = "These should be recategorized according to function.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomy templates"] = { description = "Templates used in Translingual taxonomy entries and in reference to those entries.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomic hypernym templates"] = { description = "Templates and subcategories containing such templates. The templates contain text to appear under the Hypernyms header for taxonomic name entries.", additional = "Each template has the name of the taxon from which it begins. The templates in this category at present are the many templates that begin with the names of taxonomic families. Others are in subcategories", breadcrumb = "Hypernym", parents = {"Taxonomy templates"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomic name templates"] = { description = "Templates used for the presentation of taxonomic names on a definition line.", breadcrumb = "Name", parents = {"Taxonomy templates", "Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomic reference templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format references for taxonomic names.", breadcrumb = "Reference", parents = {"Taxonomy templates", "Reference templates"}, } raw_categories["Templates that must be substituted"] = { description = "Templates that are not intended for transclusion with <code><nowiki>{{ }}</nowiki></code>, " .. "and must be substituted with <code><nowiki>{{subst: }}</nowiki></code>wherever they exist.", additional = "Some of the members of this category are permanent, as the template was written in such a way that " .. "it must be substituted to function properly. There may also be templates in this category that are deprecated, " .. "in which case their content has been replaced with the preferred code.", parents = {"Templates", "Requests"}, } raw_categories["Templates with acceleration"] = { description = "Templates can be added to this category by adding {{tl|isAccelerated}} to their documentation pages.", additional = "Presence in this category indicates that at least some of the \"form-of\" entries for the word can be generated semi-automatically by users with [[Wiktionary:ACCEL|accelerated]] editing enabled.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Text format templates"] = { description = "Templates that provide shortcuts for formatting ordinary text.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Thesaurus templates"] = { description = "Templates for linking to or formatting thesaurus entries.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["Translation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format entries in and parts of translation tables.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["User templates"] = { description = "Templates meant to be used in userspace.", parents = {"Templates"}, } raw_categories["User sandbox templates"] = { description = "Templates that are for personal use and testing by individual editors.", additional = "These should all begin with <code>User:</code> followed by the user's name. If several " .. "sandbox templates are needed by a single user, subpages can be created. These templates should not be used in real " .. "Wiktionary content pages, as all content on those pages should be editable by anyone and, if necessary, edit protected.", parents = { "Sandbox templates", "Templates" }, } raw_categories["Authority control subtemplates"] = { description = "Subtemplates used in conjunction with {{tl|authority control}}.", parents = {"User templates"}, } raw_categories["User competency templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in a given natural language, script or programming language.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"User templates"}, } raw_categories["Coder user templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in a given programming language.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"User competency templates"}, } raw_categories["Language user templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in speaking a given language.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"User competency templates"}, } raw_categories["Script user templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in reading a given script.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"User competency templates"}, } raw_categories["WOTD templates"] = { description = "Templates used to support the Word of the Day.", parents = {"Wiktionary templates"}, } raw_categories["FWOTD templates"] = { description = "Templates used to support the Foreign Word of the Day.", parents = {"WOTD templates"}, } raw_categories["Non-production templates and modules"] = { description = "Templates and modules not currently used in production.", additional = "{{also|Special:UnusedTemplates|Category:Unused templates}}", parents = {"Templates", "Modules", "Category:Wiktionary maintenance"}, } raw_categories["Templates subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to templates.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "templates", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } -- Add breadcrumb by chopping off the parent (or the parent's parent, etc.) from the end of the label, if possible. for key, data in pairs(raw_categories) do if not data.breadcrumb then local parent = data.parents[1] while true do if type(parent) == "string" then local parent_re = " " .. require("Module:string utilities").pattern_escape(mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(parent)) .. "$" if key:find(parent_re) then data.breadcrumb = key:gsub(parent_re, "") break end if raw_categories[parent] then parent = raw_categories[parent].parents[1] else break end else break end end end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- insert(raw_handlers, function(data) -- Allow 'Foo reference templates' for etym-only varieties. local langname = data.category:match("^(.+) reference templates$") if not langname then return nil end local lang = require(languages_module).getByCanonicalName(langname, nil, true) if lang and lang:hasType("etymology-only") then local first_parent local lang_parent = lang:getParent() if lang_parent:hasType("etymology-only") then -- In case there are nested etymology templates, return the parent's reference template cat, not the -- full lang's reference template cat. first_parent = lang_parent:getCanonicalName() .. " reference templates" else first_parent = {name = "reference templates", lang = lang_parent:getCode(), is_label = true} end return { lang = lang:getCode(), description = "Templates used to generate reference footnotes for {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = { first_parent, lang:getCategoryName(), }, breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key = langname, } end end) return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} hqkhrd0nngaomt6m0kf84zac4qyilu1 828 307057 488062 2026-09-04T16:54:49Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/साँचे]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/templates]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488062 Scribunto text/plain return require [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/templates]] dpjd0gtfopzhz4dqhud788z08vheu1k 828 307058 488063 2026-09-04T16:55:24Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488063 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["terms by script"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by the script they are written in (for languages with multiple native scripts).", umbrella_parents = "Terms by lexical property subcategories by language", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Terms by script subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms categorized by their script.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "terms by script", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- table.insert(handlers, function(data) local name = data.label:match("^terms in (.+)$") if not name then return end local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCategoryName(name) if not sc then return end return { description = "{{{langname}}} terms written in " .. name .. ".", umbrella_parents = "Terms by script subcategories by language", catfix_sc = sc:getCode(), parents = {{ name = "terms by script", sort = name, }}, breadcrumb = name, } end) return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers} ptmamuubkojlqfi0qj9omsij6dxhmse 828 307059 488064 2026-09-04T16:56:57Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488064 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["romanizations"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms transliterated into the Latin alphabet.", parents = {"non-lemma forms"}, umbrella_parents = "Transliterations subcategories by language", -- Special romanization-specific table-of-contents bars are used on romanization pages -- (e.g. [[Template:got-rom-categoryTOC]]) because they hold Latin-script terms in a -- language-specific romanization scheme, rather than terms in the language's normal script. -- For the same reason, we specify catfix = false to disable script-specific font -- formatting. toc_template = {"{{{langcode}}}-rom-categoryTOC", "en-categoryTOC"}, toc_template_full = {"{{{langcode}}}-rom-categoryTOC/full", "{{{langcode}}}-rom-categoryTOC", "en-categoryTOC/full"}, catfix_sc = "Latn", } labels["romanizations without a main entry"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} romanizations where the corresponding entry in the language's normal script does not exist. Automatically added by <code>{{[[Template:romanization of|romanization of]]}}</code> when applicable.", parents = {"entry maintenance", {name = "romanizations", sort = " "}}, umbrella_parents = "Entry maintenance subcategories by language", --See 'romanizations' above. toc_template = {"{{{langcode}}}-rom-categoryTOC", "en-categoryTOC"}, toc_template_full = {"{{{langcode}}}-rom-categoryTOC/full", "{{{langcode}}}-rom-categoryTOC", "en-categoryTOC/full"}, catfix_sc = "Latn", can_be_empty = true, hidden = true, } labels["terms transliterated from other languages"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have been transliterated from other languages.", parents = {{name = "borrowed terms", sort = " "}}, umbrella_parents = "Transliterations subcategories by language", } labels["arabicizations"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms transliterated into the Arabic abjad.", parents = {"non-lemma forms"}, umbrella_parents = "Transliterations subcategories by language", -- Special romanization-specific table-of-contents bars are used on romanization pages -- (e.g. [[Template:got-arab-categoryTOC]]) because they hold Latin-script terms in a -- language-specific romanization scheme, rather than terms in the language's normal script. -- For the same reason, we specify catfix = false to disable script-specific font -- formatting. toc_template = {"{{{langcode}}}-arab-categoryTOC", "en-categoryTOC"}, toc_template_full = {"{{{langcode}}}-arab-categoryTOC/full", "{{{langcode}}}-arab-categoryTOC", "en-categoryTOC/full"}, catfix_sc = "Arab", } labels["arabicizations without a main entry"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} arabicization where the corresponding entry in the language's normal script does not exist. Automatically added by <code>{{[[Template:arabicization of|arabicization of]]}}</code> when applicable.", parents = {"entry maintenance", {name = "arabicizations", sort = " "}}, umbrella_parents = "Entry maintenance subcategories by language", --See 'romanizations' above. toc_template = {"{{{langcode}}}-arab-categoryTOC", "en-categoryTOC"}, toc_template_full = {"{{{langcode}}}-arab-categoryTOC/full", "{{{langcode}}}-arab-categoryTOC", "en-categoryTOC/full"}, catfix_sc = "Arab", can_be_empty = true, hidden = true, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Transliterations subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to transliterations.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "Terms by etymology subcategories by language", sort = " "}, }, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- table.insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name = data.label:match("^transliterations of (.+) terms$") if not source_name then return end local source = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(source_name, true, true, true) if source_name ~= source:getCanonicalName() then return end local display_form = source:getDisplayForm() local source_desc = source:makeCategoryLink() return { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have been transliterated from " .. source_desc .. ".", breadcrumb = display_form, parents = { { name = "terms transliterated from other languages", sort = display_form }, { name = "terms borrowed from " .. display_form, sort = " "}, }, umbrella = { no_by_language = true, parents = { { name = "terms borrowed from " .. display_form, is_label = true, sort = " " } } }, } end) return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers} m8v471isne43digld5b06hp9v7owb8k 828 307060 488065 2026-09-04T16:57:36Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488065 Scribunto text/plain local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Unicode blocks"] = { topright = "{{shortcut|CAT:UC}}", description = "Categories with blocks of particular Unicode characters.", parents = { "Fundamental", "Category:Appendices", }, } raw_categories["Unicode blocks by number of entries"] = { description = "Categories that group blocks of Unicode characters by the number of characters in those blocks.", parents = { {name = "Unicode blocks", sort = " "}, }, } for _, block in ipairs({ {num = "0", desc = "no other", sort = "*000"}, {num = "1–10", desc = "1 to 10", sort = "*001"}, {num = "11–50", desc = "11 to 50", sort = "*011"}, {num = "51–100", desc = "51 to 100", sort = "*051"}, {num = "101+", desc = "at least 101", sort = "*101"}, }) do raw_categories["Unicode blocks with " .. block.num .. " entries"] = { description = "Unicode block categories containing 1 appendix + " .. block.desc .. " entries.", parents = {{name = "Unicode blocks by number of entries", sort = block.sort}}, breadcrumb = block.num, } end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- table.insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local block = data.category:match("^(.*) block$") if block then local pages_in_category = mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory(mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, "pages") -- DO NOT replace with mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename as we need the root portion local entry_bucket -- At least 1 page is the appendix for the current Unicode block. if pages_in_category == 1 then entry_bucket = "0" elseif pages_in_category <= 11 then entry_bucket = "1–10" elseif pages_in_category <= 51 then entry_bucket = "11–50" elseif pages_in_category <= 101 then entry_bucket = "51–100" else entry_bucket = "101+" end return { description = "Entries for characters in the '''[[Appendix:Unicode/" .. block .. "|" .. block .. "]]''' block, " .. "as categorized by the character boxes.", additional = "Some entries may define characters from multiple Unicode codepoints at once, so the page title " .. "could be an entry that is not from this block.", breadcrumb = block, parents = { "Unicode blocks", "Unicode blocks with " .. entry_bucket .. " entries", }, } end end) return {RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} 6mhm04cadgsk4rmzh1rbgpzvn5trkhv 828 307061 488066 2026-09-04T16:58:38Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488066 Scribunto text/plain local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Wiktionary users"] = { description = "Pages listing Wiktionarians according to their user rights and categories listing Wiktionarians according to their linguistic and coding abilities.", breadcrumb = "Users", additional = "For an automatically generated list of all users, see [[Special:ListUsers]].", parents = {"Wiktionary", sort = "Users"}, } raw_categories["Wikimedians banned by the WMF"] = { description = "Users who have received a [[m:Global bans|global ban]] imposed by the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], in accordance with the [[m:WMF Global Ban Policy|WMF Global Ban Policy]].", breadcrumb = "Banned by the WMF", parents = "Wiktionary users", } raw_categories["Users by language"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific natural languages.", parents = { "Wiktionary users", "Wiktionary multilingual topics", }, } raw_categories["Users by language with invalid code"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific natural languages, where the language code is invalid for Wiktionary.", additional = "Most of these codes are valid ISO 639-3 codes but are invalid in Wiktionary for various reasons, " .. "typically due to different choices made regarding splitting and merging languages.", parents = {name = "Users by language", sort = " "}, } raw_categories["Users by language with invalid script code"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific natural languages in specific scripts, where the script code is invalid for Wiktionary.", parents = {name = "Users by language", sort = " "}, } raw_categories["Users by language family"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific language families.", parents = { "Wiktionary users", "Wiktionary multilingual topics", }, } raw_categories["Users by script"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific natural language scripts.", parents = { "Wiktionary users", "Wiktionary multilingual topics", }, } raw_categories["Users by programming language"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific programming languages.", parents = "Wiktionary users", } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function get_level_params(data) local speak_verb = "speak" if data.typ == "lang" then local is_sign_language = data.obj and data.obj:getFamilyCode() and data.obj:getFamilyCode():find("^sgn") or data.langfam:find("Sign Language$") speak_verb = data.args.verb or is_sign_language and "communicate in" or "speak" end return { ["-"] = { cssclass = "babel-3", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM!.", script = "These users read !SCRIPT!.", coder = "These users know how to code in !LANGFAM!.", family = "These users know !LANGFAM!.", }, ["1"] = { cssclass = "babel-1", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at a '''basic''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at a '''basic''' level.", coder = "These users know the '''basics''' of how to write !LANGFAM! code and make minor tweaks.", family = "These users know the '''basics''' of contributing to !LANGFAM!.", }, ["2"] = { cssclass = "babel-2", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at an '''intermediate''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at an '''intermediate''' level.", coder = "These users have a '''fair command''' of !LANGFAM!, and can understand some scripts written by others.", family = "These users are '''fairly familiar''' with !LANGFAM!.", }, ["3"] = { cssclass = "babel-3", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at an '''advanced''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at an '''advanced''' level.", coder = "These users can write '''more complex''' !LANGFAM! code, and can understand and modify most scripts written by others.", family = "These users '''regularly''' contribute to !LANGFAM!.", }, ["4"] = { cssclass = "babel-4", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at a '''near-native''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at a '''near native''' level.", coder = "These users can write and understand '''very complex''' !LANGFAM! code.", }, ["5"] = { cssclass = "babel-5", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at a '''professional''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at a '''professional''' level.", coder = "These users can write and understand !LANGFAM! code at a '''professional''' level.", }, ["N"] = { cssclass = "babel-N", lang = "These users are '''native''' speakers of !LANGFAM!.", script = "These users' '''native''' script is !SCRIPT!.", }, } end local coder_links = { Asm = "w:Assembly language", Bash = "w:Bash (Unix shell)", C = "w:C (programming language)", ["C++"] = "w:C++", ["C Sharp"] = {link = "w:C Sharp (programming language)", lang = "C&#035;"}, CSS = "w:CSS", Go = "w:Go (programming language)", Haskell = "w:Haskell", HTML = "w:HTML", Java = "w:Java (programming language)", JavaScript = "w:JavaScript", Julia = "w:Julia (programming language)", Kotlin = "w:Kotlin (programming language)", Lisp = "w:Lisp (programming language)", Lua = "Wiktionary:Scripting", Perl = "w:Perl", PHP = "w:PHP", Python = "w:Python (programming language)", regex = {link = "w:Regular expression", name = "regular expressions"}, Ruby = "w:Ruby (programming language)", Rust = "w:Rust (programming language)", Scala = "w:Scala (programming language)", Scheme = "w:Scheme (programming language)", SQL = "w:SQL", template = {link = "Wiktionary:Templates", name = "wiki templates"}, TypeScript = "w:TypeScript", VBScript = "w:VBScript", } local custom_script_links = { IPA = "w:International Phonetic Alphabet", UPA = "w:Uralic Phonetic Alphabet", } -- Generic implementation of competency handler for (natural) languages, scripts, families and "coders" (= programming languages). local function competency_handler(data) local category = data.category local langtext = data.langtext local typ = data.typ local args = data.args local code = data.code local langfam = data.langfam local langfamcat = data.langfamcat local script = data.script local scriptcat = data.scriptcat local level = data.level local parents = data.parents local addl_parents = data.addl_parents local topright = data.topright local data_addl = data.additional local inactive = data.inactive local parts = {} local function ins(txt) insert(parts, txt) end local level_params = get_level_params(data) local params = level_params[level or "-"] if not params then error(("Internal error: No params for for code '%s', level %s"):format(code, level or "-")) end local function insert_text() if langtext then ins(langtext) ins("<hr />") end if not params[typ] then error(("No English text for code '%s', type '%s', level %s"):format(code, typ, level or "-")) end local pattern, repl if typ == "script" then pattern = "!SCRIPT!" repl = ("'''" .. scriptcat .. "'''"):format(script) else pattern = "!LANGFAM!" repl = ("'''" .. langfamcat .. "'''"):format(langfam) if script then repl = repl .. (" written in '''" .. scriptcat .. "'''"):format(script) end end ins(params[typ]:gsub(pattern, repl)) end local additional = {} if level then insert(additional, ("To be included on this list, add {{tl|Babel|%s}} to your user page. Complete instructions are " .. "available at [[Wiktionary:Babel]]."):format(level == "N" and code or ("%s-%s"):format(code, level))) else insert(additional, "To be included on this list, use {{tl|Babel}} on your user page. Complete instructions are " .. "available at [[Wiktionary:Babel]].") end if inactive then insert(additional, "'''NOTE:''' Users in this category have not been active on the English Wiktionary for at " .. "least two years and have been moved into the 'inactive' state due to " .. "[[Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2017-04/Removing inactive editors from user-proficiency categories]].") parents = {{name = category, sort = " "}} end if addl_parents then for _, addl_parent in ipairs(addl_parents) do insert(parents, addl_parent) end end if data_addl then insert(additional, data_addl) end local babel_templatestyles = require("Module:TemplateStyles")("Template:Babel/style.css") if level then ins(('<div class="babel-box %s">'):format(params.cssclass)) ins('<table class="babel-content" style="width:238px"><tr>') ins('<td class="babel-code" style="font-size:14pt">') ins(("'''%s-%s'''</td>"):format(code, level)) ins('<td class="babel-text">') insert_text() ins('</td></tr></table></div><br clear="left">') return { description = concat(parts) .. babel_templatestyles, additional = concat(additional, "\n\n"), breadcrumb = inactive and "Inactive" or "Level " .. level, parents = parents, }, not not args else ins(('<div class="babel-box %s">\n'):format(params.cssclass)) ins('{| class="babel-content" style="width:260px;"\n') ins('| class="babel-code" style="font-size:14pt;" | ') ins(("'''%s'''\n"):format(code)) ins('| class="babel-text" style="text-align:center;" | ') insert_text() ins('\n|}</div><br clear="left">') return { topright = topright, description = concat(parts) .. babel_templatestyles, additional = concat(additional, "\n\n"), breadcrumb = inactive and "Inactive" or code, parents = parents, }, not not args end end -- Guts of implementation of competency handlers for natural languages (full or etymology-only), possibly with a -- script attached (e.g. [[Category:User ko-Kore]]). local function handle_user_lang_maybe_script(data, category, inactive, code, sccode, level, args) local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(code, nil, "allow etym") local langname = args.langname local sc, scriptname if sccode then sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode(sccode) scriptname = args.scriptname end local code_with_script = code .. (sccode and "-" .. sccode or "") if not lang or sccode and not sc then -- If unrecognized language and called from inside, we're handling the parents and breadcrumb for a -- higher-level category, so at least return something. if not level and data.called_from_inside then return { -- FIXME, scrape langname= category? breadcrumb = {name = code_with_script, nocap = true}, parents = {name = lang and "Users by language with invalid script code" or "Users by language with invalid code", sort = code_with_script} }, true end if not langname then -- Check if the code matches a Wikimedia language (e.g. "ku" for Kurdish). If it does, treat -- its canonical name as though it had been given as langname=. local wm_lang = require("Module:wikimedia languages").getByCode(code) if not wm_lang then mw.log(("Skipping category '%s' because lang code '%s' is unrecognized and langname= not given"): format(data.category, code)) return end langname = wm_lang:getCanonicalName() end if sccode and not sc and not scriptname then mw.log(("Skipping category '%s' because script code '%s' is unrecognized and scriptname= not given"): format(data.category, sccode)) return end end if not langname then if not lang then error("Internal error: Something went wrong, undefined lang= should have been caught above") end langname = lang:getCanonicalName() end if not scriptname and sccode then if not sc then error("Internal error: Something went wrong, undefined sc= should have been caught above") end -- Use `getCategoryName` not `getCanonicalName` to display 'Foo script' than just 'Foo', as so many scripts -- are the same as language names, and otherwise we get nonsensical output like "These users are native speakers -- of Korean written in Korean". scriptname = sc:getCategoryName(nil, lang) end -- Insert text, appropriately script-tagged, unless already script-tagged (we check for '<span'), in which case we -- insert it directly. Also handle <<...>> and <<<...>>> in text and convert to bolded link to parent category. local function wrap(txt) if not txt then return end if sccode then -- Substitute <<<...>>> (where ... is supposed to be the native rendering of the script) with a link to the -- top-level 'User SCRIPT' category (e.g. [[:Category:User Kore]] if we're in a sublevel category, or to the -- top-level script category (e.g. [[:Category:Korean script]]) if we're in a top-level 'User CODE-SCRIPT' -- category. txt = txt:gsub("<<<(.-)>>>", function(inside) if level then return ("'''[[:Category:User %s|%s]]'''"):format(sccode, inside) elseif sc then return ("'''[[:Category:%s|%s]]'''"):format(sc:getCategoryName(nil, lang), inside) else return ("'''%s'''"):format(inside) end end) end -- Substitute <<...>> (where ... is supposed to be the native rendering of the language) with a link to the -- top-level 'User CODE' category (e.g. [[:Category:User fr]] or [[:Category:User fr-CA]]) if we're in a -- sublevel category, or to the top-level language category (e.g. [[:Category:French language]] or -- [[:Category:Canadian English]]) if we're in a top-level 'User CODE' category. txt = txt:gsub("<<(.-)>>", function(inside) if level then return ("'''[[:Category:User %s|%s]]'''"):format(code, inside) elseif lang then return ("'''[[:Category:%s|%s]]'''"):format(lang:getCategoryName(), inside) else return ("'''%s'''"):format(inside) end end) if txt:find("<span") or not lang then return txt else return require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(txt, lang, sc) end end local function get_request_cats() if args.text or code == "en" or code:find("^en%-") or inactive then return end local num_pages = mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory(data.category, "pages") local count_cat, count_sort if num_pages == 0 then count_cat = "Requests for translations in user-competency categories with 0 users" count_sort = "*" .. code_with_script elseif num_pages == 1 then count_cat = "Requests for translations in user-competency categories with 1 user" count_sort = "*" .. code_with_script else local lowernum, uppernum lowernum = 2 while true do uppernum = lowernum * 2 - 1 if num_pages <= uppernum then break end lowernum = lowernum * 2 end count_cat = ("Requests for translations in user-competency categories with %s-%s users"):format( lowernum, uppernum) count_sort = "*" .. ("%0" .. #(tostring(uppernum)) .. "d"):format(num_pages) end local addl_parents = {} insert(addl_parents, { name = "Requests for translations in user-competency categories by language", sort = code_with_script, }) insert(addl_parents, { name = count_cat, sort = count_sort, }) return addl_parents end local invalid_lang_warning if not lang then invalid_lang_warning = "'''WARNING''': The specified language code is invalid on Wiktionary. Please migrate " .. "all competency ratings to the closest valid code." end local parents if level then parents = {("User %s"):format(code_with_script), sort = level} elseif sccode then parents = {} insert(parents, {name = ("User %s"):format(code), sort = sccode}) insert(parents, {name = ("User %s"):format(sccode), sort = code}) elseif lang then parents = {} if lang:hasType("etymology-only") then local full_code = lang:getFullCode() local sort_key = code:gsub(("^%s%%-"):format(require(string_utilities_module).pattern_escape(full_code)), "") insert(parents, {name = ("User %s"):format(full_code), sort = sort_key}) else insert(parents, {name = "Users by language", sort = code}) end insert(parents, {name = lang:getCategoryName(), sort = "user"}) else parents = {"Users by language with invalid code", sort = code} end local addl_parents = get_request_cats() local topright if args.commonscat then local commonscat = require("Module:yesno")(args.commonscat, "+") if commonscat == "+" or commonscat == true then commonscat = data.category end if commonscat then topright = ("{{commonscat|%s}}"):format(commonscat) end end local langcat if level then langcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%%s]]"):format(code) elseif lang then langcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%%s]]"):format(lang:getCategoryName()) else langcat = "[[%s]]" end local scriptcat if sccode then if level then scriptcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%%s]]"):format(sccode) elseif sc then scriptcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%%s]]"):format(sc:getCategoryName(nil, lang)) else scriptcat = "[[%s]]" end end return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, langtext = wrap(args.text), typ = "lang", args = args, obj = lang, code = code_with_script, langfam = langname, langfamcat = langcat, script = scriptname, scriptcat = scriptcat, level = level, parents = parents, addl_parents = addl_parents, topright = topright, additional = invalid_lang_warning, } end -- Hander for categories named [[Category:User LANG-SCRIPT]] or [[Category:User LANG-SCRIPT-#]] where # is a -- competency level (0 through 5 or N), e.g. [[Category:zh-Hans]] or [[Category:yue-Hant-N]]. It's a bit tricky because -- of the multitude of language formats, e.g. ko-KP is a language code (etym variety) but ko-Kore is a combination -- lang + script code. We depend on the fact that all script codes are currently of the form Xxxx or Xxxxx, and check -- for that first. We also need to run prior to the lang-only handler (next handler) so it doesn't try to interpret -- the script code as an etym variant code. -- -- Note that there are current categories named things like 'zh-Hant-TW' and 'zh-Hant-HK-3', which we don't support. -- They should be renamed to some supported code, e.g. 'cmn-TW-Hant' and 'yue-HK-Hant-3'. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, sccode, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code, sccode, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") end if not code then code, sccode = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then code, sccode = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then return end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { text = true, verb = true, langname = true, scriptname = true, scname = {alias_of = "scriptname"}, commonscat = true, }) return handle_user_lang_maybe_script(data, category, inactive, code, sccode, level, args) end) -- Hander for categories named [[Category:User LANG]] e.g. [[Category:User en]], [[Category:User en-US]], -- [[Category:User ine-pro]] or [[Category:User LANG-#]] where # is a competency level (0 through 5 or N) e.g. -- [[Category:User en-N]] or [[Category:User ndl-nl-1]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([0-5N])$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)$") end if not code then return end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { text = true, verb = true, langname = true, commonscat = true, }) return handle_user_lang_maybe_script(data, category, inactive, code, nil, level, args) end) -- Handler for scripts. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^User ([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code = category:match("^User ([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then return end local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode(code) if not sc then return end local parents if level then parents = {("User %s"):format(code), sort = level} else parents = { {name = "Users by script", sort = code}, -- FIXME, no lang to pass here {name = sc:getCategoryName(), sort = "user"}, } end local scriptcat -- Better to display 'Foo script' than just 'Foo', as so many scripts are the same as language names. if level then -- FIXME, no lang to pass here scriptcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%s]]"):format(code, sc:getCategoryName()) else -- FIXME, no lang to pass here scriptcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%s]]"):format(sc:getCategoryName(), sc:getCategoryName()) end return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, typ = "script", obj = sc, code = code, -- FIXME, no lang to pass here script = sc:getCanonicalName(), scriptcat = scriptcat, level = level, parents = parents, } end) -- Handler for "custom" scripts (e.g. IPA). insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^User ([A-Za-z-]+)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code = category:match("^User ([A-Za-z-]+)$") end if not code or not custom_script_links[code] then return end local parents if level then parents = {("User %s"):format(code), sort = level} else parents = {"Users by script", sort = code} end local scriptdata = custom_script_links[code] if type(scriptdata) == "string" then scriptdata = {link = scriptdata} end local scriptcat = ("[[%s|%%s]]"):format(scriptdata.link) return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, typ = "script", code = code, script = scriptdata.script or code, scriptcat = scriptcat, level = level, parents = parents, } end) -- Handler for programming languages. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^Users who know ([A-Za-z+-]+)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code = category:match("^Users who know ([A-Za-z+-]+)$") end if not code or not coder_links[code] then return end local parents if level then parents = {("Users who know %s"):format(code), sort = level} else parents = {"Users by programming language", sort = code} end local langdata = coder_links[code] if type(langdata) == "string" then langdata = {link = langdata} end local langcat = ("[[%s|%%s]]"):format(langdata.link) return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, typ = "coder", code = code, langfam = langdata.lang or code, langfamcat = langcat, level = level, parents = parents, } end) -- Handler for language families. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([0-5N])$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)$") end if not code then return end local fam = require("Module:families").getByCode(code) if not fam then return end local parents if level then parents = {("User %s"):format(code), sort = level} else parents = { {name = "Users by language family", sort = code}, {name = fam:getCategoryName(), sort = "user"}, } end local famcat if level then famcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%s]]"):format(code, fam:getCategoryName()) else famcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%s]]"):format(fam:getCategoryName(), fam:getCategoryName()) end return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, typ = "family", obj = fam, code = code, langfam = fam:getCanonicalName(), langfamcat = famcat, level = level, parents = parents, } end) insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local n, suffix = data.category:match("^Pages with (%d+) entr(.+)$") -- Only match if there are no leading zeroes and the suffix is correct. if not (n and not n:match("^0%d") and suffix == (n == "1" and "y" or "ies")) then return end return { breadcrumb = ("%d entr%s"):format(n, suffix), description = ("Pages which contain %s language entr%s."):format(n, suffix), additional = "This category, and others like it, are used to determine the total number of entries on the English Wiktionary", hidden = true, can_be_empty = true, parents = { {name = "Pages with entries", sort = require("Module:category tree").numeral_sortkey(n)}, n == "0" and "Wiktionary maintenance" or nil, -- "Pages with 0 entries" only contains pages with something wrong. }, } end) return {RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} 1qy37fdvxvi86307erkgahy01333tz4 488068 488066 2026-09-04T16:59:51Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने अनुप्रेषण छोड़े बिना पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/विक्षनरी सदस्य']] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/विक्षनरी सदस्य]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488066 Scribunto text/plain local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Wiktionary users"] = { description = "Pages listing Wiktionarians according to their user rights and categories listing Wiktionarians according to their linguistic and coding abilities.", breadcrumb = "Users", additional = "For an automatically generated list of all users, see [[Special:ListUsers]].", parents = {"Wiktionary", sort = "Users"}, } raw_categories["Wikimedians banned by the WMF"] = { description = "Users who have received a [[m:Global bans|global ban]] imposed by the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], in accordance with the [[m:WMF Global Ban Policy|WMF Global Ban Policy]].", breadcrumb = "Banned by the WMF", parents = "Wiktionary users", } raw_categories["Users by language"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific natural languages.", parents = { "Wiktionary users", "Wiktionary multilingual topics", }, } raw_categories["Users by language with invalid code"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific natural languages, where the language code is invalid for Wiktionary.", additional = "Most of these codes are valid ISO 639-3 codes but are invalid in Wiktionary for various reasons, " .. "typically due to different choices made regarding splitting and merging languages.", parents = {name = "Users by language", sort = " "}, } raw_categories["Users by language with invalid script code"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific natural languages in specific scripts, where the script code is invalid for Wiktionary.", parents = {name = "Users by language", sort = " "}, } raw_categories["Users by language family"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific language families.", parents = { "Wiktionary users", "Wiktionary multilingual topics", }, } raw_categories["Users by script"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific natural language scripts.", parents = { "Wiktionary users", "Wiktionary multilingual topics", }, } raw_categories["Users by programming language"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific programming languages.", parents = "Wiktionary users", } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function get_level_params(data) local speak_verb = "speak" if data.typ == "lang" then local is_sign_language = data.obj and data.obj:getFamilyCode() and data.obj:getFamilyCode():find("^sgn") or data.langfam:find("Sign Language$") speak_verb = data.args.verb or is_sign_language and "communicate in" or "speak" end return { ["-"] = { cssclass = "babel-3", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM!.", script = "These users read !SCRIPT!.", coder = "These users know how to code in !LANGFAM!.", family = "These users know !LANGFAM!.", }, ["1"] = { cssclass = "babel-1", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at a '''basic''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at a '''basic''' level.", coder = "These users know the '''basics''' of how to write !LANGFAM! code and make minor tweaks.", family = "These users know the '''basics''' of contributing to !LANGFAM!.", }, ["2"] = { cssclass = "babel-2", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at an '''intermediate''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at an '''intermediate''' level.", coder = "These users have a '''fair command''' of !LANGFAM!, and can understand some scripts written by others.", family = "These users are '''fairly familiar''' with !LANGFAM!.", }, ["3"] = { cssclass = "babel-3", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at an '''advanced''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at an '''advanced''' level.", coder = "These users can write '''more complex''' !LANGFAM! code, and can understand and modify most scripts written by others.", family = "These users '''regularly''' contribute to !LANGFAM!.", }, ["4"] = { cssclass = "babel-4", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at a '''near-native''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at a '''near native''' level.", coder = "These users can write and understand '''very complex''' !LANGFAM! code.", }, ["5"] = { cssclass = "babel-5", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at a '''professional''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at a '''professional''' level.", coder = "These users can write and understand !LANGFAM! code at a '''professional''' level.", }, ["N"] = { cssclass = "babel-N", lang = "These users are '''native''' speakers of !LANGFAM!.", script = "These users' '''native''' script is !SCRIPT!.", }, } end local coder_links = { Asm = "w:Assembly language", Bash = "w:Bash (Unix shell)", C = "w:C (programming language)", ["C++"] = "w:C++", ["C Sharp"] = {link = "w:C Sharp (programming language)", lang = "C&#035;"}, CSS = "w:CSS", Go = "w:Go (programming language)", Haskell = "w:Haskell", HTML = "w:HTML", Java = "w:Java (programming language)", JavaScript = "w:JavaScript", Julia = "w:Julia (programming language)", Kotlin = "w:Kotlin (programming language)", Lisp = "w:Lisp (programming language)", Lua = "Wiktionary:Scripting", Perl = "w:Perl", PHP = "w:PHP", Python = "w:Python (programming language)", regex = {link = "w:Regular expression", name = "regular expressions"}, Ruby = "w:Ruby (programming language)", Rust = "w:Rust (programming language)", Scala = "w:Scala (programming language)", Scheme = "w:Scheme (programming language)", SQL = "w:SQL", template = {link = "Wiktionary:Templates", name = "wiki templates"}, TypeScript = "w:TypeScript", VBScript = "w:VBScript", } local custom_script_links = { IPA = "w:International Phonetic Alphabet", UPA = "w:Uralic Phonetic Alphabet", } -- Generic implementation of competency handler for (natural) languages, scripts, families and "coders" (= programming languages). local function competency_handler(data) local category = data.category local langtext = data.langtext local typ = data.typ local args = data.args local code = data.code local langfam = data.langfam local langfamcat = data.langfamcat local script = data.script local scriptcat = data.scriptcat local level = data.level local parents = data.parents local addl_parents = data.addl_parents local topright = data.topright local data_addl = data.additional local inactive = data.inactive local parts = {} local function ins(txt) insert(parts, txt) end local level_params = get_level_params(data) local params = level_params[level or "-"] if not params then error(("Internal error: No params for for code '%s', level %s"):format(code, level or "-")) end local function insert_text() if langtext then ins(langtext) ins("<hr />") end if not params[typ] then error(("No English text for code '%s', type '%s', level %s"):format(code, typ, level or "-")) end local pattern, repl if typ == "script" then pattern = "!SCRIPT!" repl = ("'''" .. scriptcat .. "'''"):format(script) else pattern = "!LANGFAM!" repl = ("'''" .. langfamcat .. "'''"):format(langfam) if script then repl = repl .. (" written in '''" .. scriptcat .. "'''"):format(script) end end ins(params[typ]:gsub(pattern, repl)) end local additional = {} if level then insert(additional, ("To be included on this list, add {{tl|Babel|%s}} to your user page. Complete instructions are " .. "available at [[Wiktionary:Babel]]."):format(level == "N" and code or ("%s-%s"):format(code, level))) else insert(additional, "To be included on this list, use {{tl|Babel}} on your user page. Complete instructions are " .. "available at [[Wiktionary:Babel]].") end if inactive then insert(additional, "'''NOTE:''' Users in this category have not been active on the English Wiktionary for at " .. "least two years and have been moved into the 'inactive' state due to " .. "[[Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2017-04/Removing inactive editors from user-proficiency categories]].") parents = {{name = category, sort = " "}} end if addl_parents then for _, addl_parent in ipairs(addl_parents) do insert(parents, addl_parent) end end if data_addl then insert(additional, data_addl) end local babel_templatestyles = require("Module:TemplateStyles")("Template:Babel/style.css") if level then ins(('<div class="babel-box %s">'):format(params.cssclass)) ins('<table class="babel-content" style="width:238px"><tr>') ins('<td class="babel-code" style="font-size:14pt">') ins(("'''%s-%s'''</td>"):format(code, level)) ins('<td class="babel-text">') insert_text() ins('</td></tr></table></div><br clear="left">') return { description = concat(parts) .. babel_templatestyles, additional = concat(additional, "\n\n"), breadcrumb = inactive and "Inactive" or "Level " .. level, parents = parents, }, not not args else ins(('<div class="babel-box %s">\n'):format(params.cssclass)) ins('{| class="babel-content" style="width:260px;"\n') ins('| class="babel-code" style="font-size:14pt;" | ') ins(("'''%s'''\n"):format(code)) ins('| class="babel-text" style="text-align:center;" | ') insert_text() ins('\n|}</div><br clear="left">') return { topright = topright, description = concat(parts) .. babel_templatestyles, additional = concat(additional, "\n\n"), breadcrumb = inactive and "Inactive" or code, parents = parents, }, not not args end end -- Guts of implementation of competency handlers for natural languages (full or etymology-only), possibly with a -- script attached (e.g. [[Category:User ko-Kore]]). local function handle_user_lang_maybe_script(data, category, inactive, code, sccode, level, args) local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(code, nil, "allow etym") local langname = args.langname local sc, scriptname if sccode then sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode(sccode) scriptname = args.scriptname end local code_with_script = code .. (sccode and "-" .. sccode or "") if not lang or sccode and not sc then -- If unrecognized language and called from inside, we're handling the parents and breadcrumb for a -- higher-level category, so at least return something. if not level and data.called_from_inside then return { -- FIXME, scrape langname= category? breadcrumb = {name = code_with_script, nocap = true}, parents = {name = lang and "Users by language with invalid script code" or "Users by language with invalid code", sort = code_with_script} }, true end if not langname then -- Check if the code matches a Wikimedia language (e.g. "ku" for Kurdish). If it does, treat -- its canonical name as though it had been given as langname=. local wm_lang = require("Module:wikimedia languages").getByCode(code) if not wm_lang then mw.log(("Skipping category '%s' because lang code '%s' is unrecognized and langname= not given"): format(data.category, code)) return end langname = wm_lang:getCanonicalName() end if sccode and not sc and not scriptname then mw.log(("Skipping category '%s' because script code '%s' is unrecognized and scriptname= not given"): format(data.category, sccode)) return end end if not langname then if not lang then error("Internal error: Something went wrong, undefined lang= should have been caught above") end langname = lang:getCanonicalName() end if not scriptname and sccode then if not sc then error("Internal error: Something went wrong, undefined sc= should have been caught above") end -- Use `getCategoryName` not `getCanonicalName` to display 'Foo script' than just 'Foo', as so many scripts -- are the same as language names, and otherwise we get nonsensical output like "These users are native speakers -- of Korean written in Korean". scriptname = sc:getCategoryName(nil, lang) end -- Insert text, appropriately script-tagged, unless already script-tagged (we check for '<span'), in which case we -- insert it directly. Also handle <<...>> and <<<...>>> in text and convert to bolded link to parent category. local function wrap(txt) if not txt then return end if sccode then -- Substitute <<<...>>> (where ... is supposed to be the native rendering of the script) with a link to the -- top-level 'User SCRIPT' category (e.g. [[:Category:User Kore]] if we're in a sublevel category, or to the -- top-level script category (e.g. [[:Category:Korean script]]) if we're in a top-level 'User CODE-SCRIPT' -- category. txt = txt:gsub("<<<(.-)>>>", function(inside) if level then return ("'''[[:Category:User %s|%s]]'''"):format(sccode, inside) elseif sc then return ("'''[[:Category:%s|%s]]'''"):format(sc:getCategoryName(nil, lang), inside) else return ("'''%s'''"):format(inside) end end) end -- Substitute <<...>> (where ... is supposed to be the native rendering of the language) with a link to the -- top-level 'User CODE' category (e.g. [[:Category:User fr]] or [[:Category:User fr-CA]]) if we're in a -- sublevel category, or to the top-level language category (e.g. [[:Category:French language]] or -- [[:Category:Canadian English]]) if we're in a top-level 'User CODE' category. txt = txt:gsub("<<(.-)>>", function(inside) if level then return ("'''[[:Category:User %s|%s]]'''"):format(code, inside) elseif lang then return ("'''[[:Category:%s|%s]]'''"):format(lang:getCategoryName(), inside) else return ("'''%s'''"):format(inside) end end) if txt:find("<span") or not lang then return txt else return require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(txt, lang, sc) end end local function get_request_cats() if args.text or code == "en" or code:find("^en%-") or inactive then return end local num_pages = mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory(data.category, "pages") local count_cat, count_sort if num_pages == 0 then count_cat = "Requests for translations in user-competency categories with 0 users" count_sort = "*" .. code_with_script elseif num_pages == 1 then count_cat = "Requests for translations in user-competency categories with 1 user" count_sort = "*" .. code_with_script else local lowernum, uppernum lowernum = 2 while true do uppernum = lowernum * 2 - 1 if num_pages <= uppernum then break end lowernum = lowernum * 2 end count_cat = ("Requests for translations in user-competency categories with %s-%s users"):format( lowernum, uppernum) count_sort = "*" .. ("%0" .. #(tostring(uppernum)) .. "d"):format(num_pages) end local addl_parents = {} insert(addl_parents, { name = "Requests for translations in user-competency categories by language", sort = code_with_script, }) insert(addl_parents, { name = count_cat, sort = count_sort, }) return addl_parents end local invalid_lang_warning if not lang then invalid_lang_warning = "'''WARNING''': The specified language code is invalid on Wiktionary. Please migrate " .. "all competency ratings to the closest valid code." end local parents if level then parents = {("User %s"):format(code_with_script), sort = level} elseif sccode then parents = {} insert(parents, {name = ("User %s"):format(code), sort = sccode}) insert(parents, {name = ("User %s"):format(sccode), sort = code}) elseif lang then parents = {} if lang:hasType("etymology-only") then local full_code = lang:getFullCode() local sort_key = code:gsub(("^%s%%-"):format(require(string_utilities_module).pattern_escape(full_code)), "") insert(parents, {name = ("User %s"):format(full_code), sort = sort_key}) else insert(parents, {name = "Users by language", sort = code}) end insert(parents, {name = lang:getCategoryName(), sort = "user"}) else parents = {"Users by language with invalid code", sort = code} end local addl_parents = get_request_cats() local topright if args.commonscat then local commonscat = require("Module:yesno")(args.commonscat, "+") if commonscat == "+" or commonscat == true then commonscat = data.category end if commonscat then topright = ("{{commonscat|%s}}"):format(commonscat) end end local langcat if level then langcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%%s]]"):format(code) elseif lang then langcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%%s]]"):format(lang:getCategoryName()) else langcat = "[[%s]]" end local scriptcat if sccode then if level then scriptcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%%s]]"):format(sccode) elseif sc then scriptcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%%s]]"):format(sc:getCategoryName(nil, lang)) else scriptcat = "[[%s]]" end end return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, langtext = wrap(args.text), typ = "lang", args = args, obj = lang, code = code_with_script, langfam = langname, langfamcat = langcat, script = scriptname, scriptcat = scriptcat, level = level, parents = parents, addl_parents = addl_parents, topright = topright, additional = invalid_lang_warning, } end -- Hander for categories named [[Category:User LANG-SCRIPT]] or [[Category:User LANG-SCRIPT-#]] where # is a -- competency level (0 through 5 or N), e.g. [[Category:zh-Hans]] or [[Category:yue-Hant-N]]. It's a bit tricky because -- of the multitude of language formats, e.g. ko-KP is a language code (etym variety) but ko-Kore is a combination -- lang + script code. We depend on the fact that all script codes are currently of the form Xxxx or Xxxxx, and check -- for that first. We also need to run prior to the lang-only handler (next handler) so it doesn't try to interpret -- the script code as an etym variant code. -- -- Note that there are current categories named things like 'zh-Hant-TW' and 'zh-Hant-HK-3', which we don't support. -- They should be renamed to some supported code, e.g. 'cmn-TW-Hant' and 'yue-HK-Hant-3'. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, sccode, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code, sccode, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") end if not code then code, sccode = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then code, sccode = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then return end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { text = true, verb = true, langname = true, scriptname = true, scname = {alias_of = "scriptname"}, commonscat = true, }) return handle_user_lang_maybe_script(data, category, inactive, code, sccode, level, args) end) -- Hander for categories named [[Category:User LANG]] e.g. [[Category:User en]], [[Category:User en-US]], -- [[Category:User ine-pro]] or [[Category:User LANG-#]] where # is a competency level (0 through 5 or N) e.g. -- [[Category:User en-N]] or [[Category:User ndl-nl-1]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([0-5N])$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)$") end if not code then return end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { text = true, verb = true, langname = true, commonscat = true, }) return handle_user_lang_maybe_script(data, category, inactive, code, nil, level, args) end) -- Handler for scripts. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^User ([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code = category:match("^User ([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then return end local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode(code) if not sc then return end local parents if level then parents = {("User %s"):format(code), sort = level} else parents = { {name = "Users by script", sort = code}, -- FIXME, no lang to pass here {name = sc:getCategoryName(), sort = "user"}, } end local scriptcat -- Better to display 'Foo script' than just 'Foo', as so many scripts are the same as language names. if level then -- FIXME, no lang to pass here scriptcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%s]]"):format(code, sc:getCategoryName()) else -- FIXME, no lang to pass here scriptcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%s]]"):format(sc:getCategoryName(), sc:getCategoryName()) end return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, typ = "script", obj = sc, code = code, -- FIXME, no lang to pass here script = sc:getCanonicalName(), scriptcat = scriptcat, level = level, parents = parents, } end) -- Handler for "custom" scripts (e.g. IPA). insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^User ([A-Za-z-]+)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code = category:match("^User ([A-Za-z-]+)$") end if not code or not custom_script_links[code] then return end local parents if level then parents = {("User %s"):format(code), sort = level} else parents = {"Users by script", sort = code} end local scriptdata = custom_script_links[code] if type(scriptdata) == "string" then scriptdata = {link = scriptdata} end local scriptcat = ("[[%s|%%s]]"):format(scriptdata.link) return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, typ = "script", code = code, script = scriptdata.script or code, scriptcat = scriptcat, level = level, parents = parents, } end) -- Handler for programming languages. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^Users who know ([A-Za-z+-]+)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code = category:match("^Users who know ([A-Za-z+-]+)$") end if not code or not coder_links[code] then return end local parents if level then parents = {("Users who know %s"):format(code), sort = level} else parents = {"Users by programming language", sort = code} end local langdata = coder_links[code] if type(langdata) == "string" then langdata = {link = langdata} end local langcat = ("[[%s|%%s]]"):format(langdata.link) return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, typ = "coder", code = code, langfam = langdata.lang or code, langfamcat = langcat, level = level, parents = parents, } end) -- Handler for language families. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([0-5N])$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)$") end if not code then return end local fam = require("Module:families").getByCode(code) if not fam then return end local parents if level then parents = {("User %s"):format(code), sort = level} else parents = { {name = "Users by language family", sort = code}, {name = fam:getCategoryName(), sort = "user"}, } end local famcat if level then famcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%s]]"):format(code, fam:getCategoryName()) else famcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%s]]"):format(fam:getCategoryName(), fam:getCategoryName()) end return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, typ = "family", obj = fam, code = code, langfam = fam:getCanonicalName(), langfamcat = famcat, level = level, parents = parents, } end) insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local n, suffix = data.category:match("^Pages with (%d+) entr(.+)$") -- Only match if there are no leading zeroes and the suffix is correct. if not (n and not n:match("^0%d") and suffix == (n == "1" and "y" or "ies")) then return end return { breadcrumb = ("%d entr%s"):format(n, suffix), description = ("Pages which contain %s language entr%s."):format(n, suffix), additional = "This category, and others like it, are used to determine the total number of entries on the English Wiktionary", hidden = true, can_be_empty = true, parents = { {name = "Pages with entries", sort = require("Module:category tree").numeral_sortkey(n)}, n == "0" and "Wiktionary maintenance" or nil, -- "Pages with 0 entries" only contains pages with something wrong. }, } end) return {RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} 1qy37fdvxvi86307erkgahy01333tz4 488069 488068 2026-09-04T17:00:07Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/विक्षनरी सदस्य]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/wiktionary users]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488066 Scribunto text/plain local raw_categories = {} local raw_handlers = {} local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["Wiktionary users"] = { description = "Pages listing Wiktionarians according to their user rights and categories listing Wiktionarians according to their linguistic and coding abilities.", breadcrumb = "Users", additional = "For an automatically generated list of all users, see [[Special:ListUsers]].", parents = {"Wiktionary", sort = "Users"}, } raw_categories["Wikimedians banned by the WMF"] = { description = "Users who have received a [[m:Global bans|global ban]] imposed by the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], in accordance with the [[m:WMF Global Ban Policy|WMF Global Ban Policy]].", breadcrumb = "Banned by the WMF", parents = "Wiktionary users", } raw_categories["Users by language"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific natural languages.", parents = { "Wiktionary users", "Wiktionary multilingual topics", }, } raw_categories["Users by language with invalid code"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific natural languages, where the language code is invalid for Wiktionary.", additional = "Most of these codes are valid ISO 639-3 codes but are invalid in Wiktionary for various reasons, " .. "typically due to different choices made regarding splitting and merging languages.", parents = {name = "Users by language", sort = " "}, } raw_categories["Users by language with invalid script code"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific natural languages in specific scripts, where the script code is invalid for Wiktionary.", parents = {name = "Users by language", sort = " "}, } raw_categories["Users by language family"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific language families.", parents = { "Wiktionary users", "Wiktionary multilingual topics", }, } raw_categories["Users by script"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific natural language scripts.", parents = { "Wiktionary users", "Wiktionary multilingual topics", }, } raw_categories["Users by programming language"] = { description = "Categories listing Wiktionarians according to their knowledge of specific programming languages.", parents = "Wiktionary users", } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function get_level_params(data) local speak_verb = "speak" if data.typ == "lang" then local is_sign_language = data.obj and data.obj:getFamilyCode() and data.obj:getFamilyCode():find("^sgn") or data.langfam:find("Sign Language$") speak_verb = data.args.verb or is_sign_language and "communicate in" or "speak" end return { ["-"] = { cssclass = "babel-3", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM!.", script = "These users read !SCRIPT!.", coder = "These users know how to code in !LANGFAM!.", family = "These users know !LANGFAM!.", }, ["1"] = { cssclass = "babel-1", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at a '''basic''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at a '''basic''' level.", coder = "These users know the '''basics''' of how to write !LANGFAM! code and make minor tweaks.", family = "These users know the '''basics''' of contributing to !LANGFAM!.", }, ["2"] = { cssclass = "babel-2", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at an '''intermediate''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at an '''intermediate''' level.", coder = "These users have a '''fair command''' of !LANGFAM!, and can understand some scripts written by others.", family = "These users are '''fairly familiar''' with !LANGFAM!.", }, ["3"] = { cssclass = "babel-3", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at an '''advanced''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at an '''advanced''' level.", coder = "These users can write '''more complex''' !LANGFAM! code, and can understand and modify most scripts written by others.", family = "These users '''regularly''' contribute to !LANGFAM!.", }, ["4"] = { cssclass = "babel-4", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at a '''near-native''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at a '''near native''' level.", coder = "These users can write and understand '''very complex''' !LANGFAM! code.", }, ["5"] = { cssclass = "babel-5", lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at a '''professional''' level.", script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at a '''professional''' level.", coder = "These users can write and understand !LANGFAM! code at a '''professional''' level.", }, ["N"] = { cssclass = "babel-N", lang = "These users are '''native''' speakers of !LANGFAM!.", script = "These users' '''native''' script is !SCRIPT!.", }, } end local coder_links = { Asm = "w:Assembly language", Bash = "w:Bash (Unix shell)", C = "w:C (programming language)", ["C++"] = "w:C++", ["C Sharp"] = {link = "w:C Sharp (programming language)", lang = "C&#035;"}, CSS = "w:CSS", Go = "w:Go (programming language)", Haskell = "w:Haskell", HTML = "w:HTML", Java = "w:Java (programming language)", JavaScript = "w:JavaScript", Julia = "w:Julia (programming language)", Kotlin = "w:Kotlin (programming language)", Lisp = "w:Lisp (programming language)", Lua = "Wiktionary:Scripting", Perl = "w:Perl", PHP = "w:PHP", Python = "w:Python (programming language)", regex = {link = "w:Regular expression", name = "regular expressions"}, Ruby = "w:Ruby (programming language)", Rust = "w:Rust (programming language)", Scala = "w:Scala (programming language)", Scheme = "w:Scheme (programming language)", SQL = "w:SQL", template = {link = "Wiktionary:Templates", name = "wiki templates"}, TypeScript = "w:TypeScript", VBScript = "w:VBScript", } local custom_script_links = { IPA = "w:International Phonetic Alphabet", UPA = "w:Uralic Phonetic Alphabet", } -- Generic implementation of competency handler for (natural) languages, scripts, families and "coders" (= programming languages). local function competency_handler(data) local category = data.category local langtext = data.langtext local typ = data.typ local args = data.args local code = data.code local langfam = data.langfam local langfamcat = data.langfamcat local script = data.script local scriptcat = data.scriptcat local level = data.level local parents = data.parents local addl_parents = data.addl_parents local topright = data.topright local data_addl = data.additional local inactive = data.inactive local parts = {} local function ins(txt) insert(parts, txt) end local level_params = get_level_params(data) local params = level_params[level or "-"] if not params then error(("Internal error: No params for for code '%s', level %s"):format(code, level or "-")) end local function insert_text() if langtext then ins(langtext) ins("<hr />") end if not params[typ] then error(("No English text for code '%s', type '%s', level %s"):format(code, typ, level or "-")) end local pattern, repl if typ == "script" then pattern = "!SCRIPT!" repl = ("'''" .. scriptcat .. "'''"):format(script) else pattern = "!LANGFAM!" repl = ("'''" .. langfamcat .. "'''"):format(langfam) if script then repl = repl .. (" written in '''" .. scriptcat .. "'''"):format(script) end end ins(params[typ]:gsub(pattern, repl)) end local additional = {} if level then insert(additional, ("To be included on this list, add {{tl|Babel|%s}} to your user page. Complete instructions are " .. "available at [[Wiktionary:Babel]]."):format(level == "N" and code or ("%s-%s"):format(code, level))) else insert(additional, "To be included on this list, use {{tl|Babel}} on your user page. Complete instructions are " .. "available at [[Wiktionary:Babel]].") end if inactive then insert(additional, "'''NOTE:''' Users in this category have not been active on the English Wiktionary for at " .. "least two years and have been moved into the 'inactive' state due to " .. "[[Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2017-04/Removing inactive editors from user-proficiency categories]].") parents = {{name = category, sort = " "}} end if addl_parents then for _, addl_parent in ipairs(addl_parents) do insert(parents, addl_parent) end end if data_addl then insert(additional, data_addl) end local babel_templatestyles = require("Module:TemplateStyles")("Template:Babel/style.css") if level then ins(('<div class="babel-box %s">'):format(params.cssclass)) ins('<table class="babel-content" style="width:238px"><tr>') ins('<td class="babel-code" style="font-size:14pt">') ins(("'''%s-%s'''</td>"):format(code, level)) ins('<td class="babel-text">') insert_text() ins('</td></tr></table></div><br clear="left">') return { description = concat(parts) .. babel_templatestyles, additional = concat(additional, "\n\n"), breadcrumb = inactive and "Inactive" or "Level " .. level, parents = parents, }, not not args else ins(('<div class="babel-box %s">\n'):format(params.cssclass)) ins('{| class="babel-content" style="width:260px;"\n') ins('| class="babel-code" style="font-size:14pt;" | ') ins(("'''%s'''\n"):format(code)) ins('| class="babel-text" style="text-align:center;" | ') insert_text() ins('\n|}</div><br clear="left">') return { topright = topright, description = concat(parts) .. babel_templatestyles, additional = concat(additional, "\n\n"), breadcrumb = inactive and "Inactive" or code, parents = parents, }, not not args end end -- Guts of implementation of competency handlers for natural languages (full or etymology-only), possibly with a -- script attached (e.g. [[Category:User ko-Kore]]). local function handle_user_lang_maybe_script(data, category, inactive, code, sccode, level, args) local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(code, nil, "allow etym") local langname = args.langname local sc, scriptname if sccode then sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode(sccode) scriptname = args.scriptname end local code_with_script = code .. (sccode and "-" .. sccode or "") if not lang or sccode and not sc then -- If unrecognized language and called from inside, we're handling the parents and breadcrumb for a -- higher-level category, so at least return something. if not level and data.called_from_inside then return { -- FIXME, scrape langname= category? breadcrumb = {name = code_with_script, nocap = true}, parents = {name = lang and "Users by language with invalid script code" or "Users by language with invalid code", sort = code_with_script} }, true end if not langname then -- Check if the code matches a Wikimedia language (e.g. "ku" for Kurdish). If it does, treat -- its canonical name as though it had been given as langname=. local wm_lang = require("Module:wikimedia languages").getByCode(code) if not wm_lang then mw.log(("Skipping category '%s' because lang code '%s' is unrecognized and langname= not given"): format(data.category, code)) return end langname = wm_lang:getCanonicalName() end if sccode and not sc and not scriptname then mw.log(("Skipping category '%s' because script code '%s' is unrecognized and scriptname= not given"): format(data.category, sccode)) return end end if not langname then if not lang then error("Internal error: Something went wrong, undefined lang= should have been caught above") end langname = lang:getCanonicalName() end if not scriptname and sccode then if not sc then error("Internal error: Something went wrong, undefined sc= should have been caught above") end -- Use `getCategoryName` not `getCanonicalName` to display 'Foo script' than just 'Foo', as so many scripts -- are the same as language names, and otherwise we get nonsensical output like "These users are native speakers -- of Korean written in Korean". scriptname = sc:getCategoryName(nil, lang) end -- Insert text, appropriately script-tagged, unless already script-tagged (we check for '<span'), in which case we -- insert it directly. Also handle <<...>> and <<<...>>> in text and convert to bolded link to parent category. local function wrap(txt) if not txt then return end if sccode then -- Substitute <<<...>>> (where ... is supposed to be the native rendering of the script) with a link to the -- top-level 'User SCRIPT' category (e.g. [[:Category:User Kore]] if we're in a sublevel category, or to the -- top-level script category (e.g. [[:Category:Korean script]]) if we're in a top-level 'User CODE-SCRIPT' -- category. txt = txt:gsub("<<<(.-)>>>", function(inside) if level then return ("'''[[:Category:User %s|%s]]'''"):format(sccode, inside) elseif sc then return ("'''[[:Category:%s|%s]]'''"):format(sc:getCategoryName(nil, lang), inside) else return ("'''%s'''"):format(inside) end end) end -- Substitute <<...>> (where ... is supposed to be the native rendering of the language) with a link to the -- top-level 'User CODE' category (e.g. [[:Category:User fr]] or [[:Category:User fr-CA]]) if we're in a -- sublevel category, or to the top-level language category (e.g. [[:Category:French language]] or -- [[:Category:Canadian English]]) if we're in a top-level 'User CODE' category. txt = txt:gsub("<<(.-)>>", function(inside) if level then return ("'''[[:Category:User %s|%s]]'''"):format(code, inside) elseif lang then return ("'''[[:Category:%s|%s]]'''"):format(lang:getCategoryName(), inside) else return ("'''%s'''"):format(inside) end end) if txt:find("<span") or not lang then return txt else return require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(txt, lang, sc) end end local function get_request_cats() if args.text or code == "en" or code:find("^en%-") or inactive then return end local num_pages = mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory(data.category, "pages") local count_cat, count_sort if num_pages == 0 then count_cat = "Requests for translations in user-competency categories with 0 users" count_sort = "*" .. code_with_script elseif num_pages == 1 then count_cat = "Requests for translations in user-competency categories with 1 user" count_sort = "*" .. code_with_script else local lowernum, uppernum lowernum = 2 while true do uppernum = lowernum * 2 - 1 if num_pages <= uppernum then break end lowernum = lowernum * 2 end count_cat = ("Requests for translations in user-competency categories with %s-%s users"):format( lowernum, uppernum) count_sort = "*" .. ("%0" .. #(tostring(uppernum)) .. "d"):format(num_pages) end local addl_parents = {} insert(addl_parents, { name = "Requests for translations in user-competency categories by language", sort = code_with_script, }) insert(addl_parents, { name = count_cat, sort = count_sort, }) return addl_parents end local invalid_lang_warning if not lang then invalid_lang_warning = "'''WARNING''': The specified language code is invalid on Wiktionary. Please migrate " .. "all competency ratings to the closest valid code." end local parents if level then parents = {("User %s"):format(code_with_script), sort = level} elseif sccode then parents = {} insert(parents, {name = ("User %s"):format(code), sort = sccode}) insert(parents, {name = ("User %s"):format(sccode), sort = code}) elseif lang then parents = {} if lang:hasType("etymology-only") then local full_code = lang:getFullCode() local sort_key = code:gsub(("^%s%%-"):format(require(string_utilities_module).pattern_escape(full_code)), "") insert(parents, {name = ("User %s"):format(full_code), sort = sort_key}) else insert(parents, {name = "Users by language", sort = code}) end insert(parents, {name = lang:getCategoryName(), sort = "user"}) else parents = {"Users by language with invalid code", sort = code} end local addl_parents = get_request_cats() local topright if args.commonscat then local commonscat = require("Module:yesno")(args.commonscat, "+") if commonscat == "+" or commonscat == true then commonscat = data.category end if commonscat then topright = ("{{commonscat|%s}}"):format(commonscat) end end local langcat if level then langcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%%s]]"):format(code) elseif lang then langcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%%s]]"):format(lang:getCategoryName()) else langcat = "[[%s]]" end local scriptcat if sccode then if level then scriptcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%%s]]"):format(sccode) elseif sc then scriptcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%%s]]"):format(sc:getCategoryName(nil, lang)) else scriptcat = "[[%s]]" end end return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, langtext = wrap(args.text), typ = "lang", args = args, obj = lang, code = code_with_script, langfam = langname, langfamcat = langcat, script = scriptname, scriptcat = scriptcat, level = level, parents = parents, addl_parents = addl_parents, topright = topright, additional = invalid_lang_warning, } end -- Hander for categories named [[Category:User LANG-SCRIPT]] or [[Category:User LANG-SCRIPT-#]] where # is a -- competency level (0 through 5 or N), e.g. [[Category:zh-Hans]] or [[Category:yue-Hant-N]]. It's a bit tricky because -- of the multitude of language formats, e.g. ko-KP is a language code (etym variety) but ko-Kore is a combination -- lang + script code. We depend on the fact that all script codes are currently of the form Xxxx or Xxxxx, and check -- for that first. We also need to run prior to the lang-only handler (next handler) so it doesn't try to interpret -- the script code as an etym variant code. -- -- Note that there are current categories named things like 'zh-Hant-TW' and 'zh-Hant-HK-3', which we don't support. -- They should be renamed to some supported code, e.g. 'cmn-TW-Hant' and 'yue-HK-Hant-3'. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, sccode, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code, sccode, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") end if not code then code, sccode = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then code, sccode = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then return end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { text = true, verb = true, langname = true, scriptname = true, scname = {alias_of = "scriptname"}, commonscat = true, }) return handle_user_lang_maybe_script(data, category, inactive, code, sccode, level, args) end) -- Hander for categories named [[Category:User LANG]] e.g. [[Category:User en]], [[Category:User en-US]], -- [[Category:User ine-pro]] or [[Category:User LANG-#]] where # is a competency level (0 through 5 or N) e.g. -- [[Category:User en-N]] or [[Category:User ndl-nl-1]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([0-5N])$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)$") end if not code then return end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, { text = true, verb = true, langname = true, commonscat = true, }) return handle_user_lang_maybe_script(data, category, inactive, code, nil, level, args) end) -- Handler for scripts. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^User ([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code = category:match("^User ([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then return end local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode(code) if not sc then return end local parents if level then parents = {("User %s"):format(code), sort = level} else parents = { {name = "Users by script", sort = code}, -- FIXME, no lang to pass here {name = sc:getCategoryName(), sort = "user"}, } end local scriptcat -- Better to display 'Foo script' than just 'Foo', as so many scripts are the same as language names. if level then -- FIXME, no lang to pass here scriptcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%s]]"):format(code, sc:getCategoryName()) else -- FIXME, no lang to pass here scriptcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%s]]"):format(sc:getCategoryName(), sc:getCategoryName()) end return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, typ = "script", obj = sc, code = code, -- FIXME, no lang to pass here script = sc:getCanonicalName(), scriptcat = scriptcat, level = level, parents = parents, } end) -- Handler for "custom" scripts (e.g. IPA). insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^User ([A-Za-z-]+)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code = category:match("^User ([A-Za-z-]+)$") end if not code or not custom_script_links[code] then return end local parents if level then parents = {("User %s"):format(code), sort = level} else parents = {"Users by script", sort = code} end local scriptdata = custom_script_links[code] if type(scriptdata) == "string" then scriptdata = {link = scriptdata} end local scriptcat = ("[[%s|%%s]]"):format(scriptdata.link) return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, typ = "script", code = code, script = scriptdata.script or code, scriptcat = scriptcat, level = level, parents = parents, } end) -- Handler for programming languages. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^Users who know ([A-Za-z+-]+)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code = category:match("^Users who know ([A-Za-z+-]+)$") end if not code or not coder_links[code] then return end local parents if level then parents = {("Users who know %s"):format(code), sort = level} else parents = {"Users by programming language", sort = code} end local langdata = coder_links[code] if type(langdata) == "string" then langdata = {link = langdata} end local langcat = ("[[%s|%%s]]"):format(langdata.link) return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, typ = "coder", code = code, langfam = langdata.lang or code, langfamcat = langcat, level = level, parents = parents, } end) -- Handler for language families. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$") category = category or data.category local code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$") if not code then code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([0-5N])$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$") end if not code then code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)$") end if not code then return end local fam = require("Module:families").getByCode(code) if not fam then return end local parents if level then parents = {("User %s"):format(code), sort = level} else parents = { {name = "Users by language family", sort = code}, {name = fam:getCategoryName(), sort = "user"}, } end local famcat if level then famcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%s]]"):format(code, fam:getCategoryName()) else famcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%s]]"):format(fam:getCategoryName(), fam:getCategoryName()) end return competency_handler { category = category, inactive = inactive, typ = "family", obj = fam, code = code, langfam = fam:getCanonicalName(), langfamcat = famcat, level = level, parents = parents, } end) insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local n, suffix = data.category:match("^Pages with (%d+) entr(.+)$") -- Only match if there are no leading zeroes and the suffix is correct. if not (n and not n:match("^0%d") and suffix == (n == "1" and "y" or "ies")) then return end return { breadcrumb = ("%d entr%s"):format(n, suffix), description = ("Pages which contain %s language entr%s."):format(n, suffix), additional = "This category, and others like it, are used to determine the total number of entries on the English Wiktionary", hidden = true, can_be_empty = true, parents = { {name = "Pages with entries", sort = require("Module:category tree").numeral_sortkey(n)}, n == "0" and "Wiktionary maintenance" or nil, -- "Pages with 0 entries" only contains pages with something wrong. }, } end) return {RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} 1qy37fdvxvi86307erkgahy01333tz4 828 307062 488070 2026-09-04T17:00:07Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/विक्षनरी सदस्य]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/wiktionary users]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488070 Scribunto text/plain return require [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/wiktionary users]] dqgi03u4j4ldq2k1z7jokeqwwmyeznz 828 307063 488071 2026-09-04T17:01:42Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488071 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local handlers = {} local top_level_data_module = "Module:category tree/topic/data" local data_module_prefix = "Module:category tree/topic/" local subpages = { "Body", "Buildings and structures", "Communication", "Culture", "Religion", "Food and drink", "Games", "History", "Human", "People", "Lifeforms", "Animals", "Plants", "Miscellaneous", "Music", "Names", "Places", "Nature", "Numbers", "Philosophy", "Sciences", "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Sex", "Society", "Sports", "Technology", "Thesaurus", "Time", "Transport", "Physical actions", } labels["all topics"] = { type = "toplevel", description = "{{{langname}}} terms organized by topic, such as \"Family\", \"Chemistry\", \"Planets\", \"Canids\" or \"Cities in France\".", topic = "listing of all topics", parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", nontopic = true}}, } for _, typ in ipairs { "related-to", "set", "type", "name", "grouping" } do labels["list of " .. typ .. " categories"] = { type = "toplevel", description = "All " .. typ .. " categories currently available in {{{langname}}}.", parents = {{name = "all topics", sort = " *"}}, } end labels["list of mixed categories"] = { type = "toplevel", description = "All categories currently available in {{{langname}}} that belong to more than one type.", parents = {{name = "all topics", sort = " *"}}, } for label, data in pairs(labels) do data.module = top_level_data_module end -- Don't throw error on every single category, but on a subset of them, especially the top-level ones. local function should_throw_error() local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text -- Don't replace with mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename; we're in Category space return title:find("List of") or title:find("All ") or title:find(" lemmas") end -- Import subpages for _, subpage in ipairs(subpages) do local datamodule = data_module_prefix .. subpage local retval = require(datamodule) if not retval["LABELS"] then retval = {LABELS = retval} end for label, data in pairs(retval["LABELS"]) do if labels[label] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then -- Avoid throwing an error on every single topic category and any other invoking category that calls the -- topic code. if should_throw_error() then error("Label " .. label .. " defined in both [[" .. datamodule .. "]] and [[" .. labels[label].module .. "]].") end end data.module = datamodule labels[label] = data end if retval["HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end end return {LABELS = labels, HANDLERS = handlers} l2k67amy53dzqaag3wyy7nhdupmwk1g 488072 488071 2026-09-04T17:04:12Z SM7 6218 केवल 2 एक्टिव रखे 488072 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local handlers = {} local top_level_data_module = "Module:category tree/topic/data" local data_module_prefix = "Module:category tree/topic/" local subpages = { -- "Body", -- "Buildings and structures", -- "Communication", "संस्कृति", -- "Religion", -- "Food and drink", -- "Games", -- "History", -- "Human", -- "People", -- "Lifeforms", -- "Animals", -- "Plants", "विविध", -- "Music", -- "Names", -- "Places", -- "Nature", -- "Numbers", -- "Philosophy", -- "Sciences", -- "Chemistry", -- "Mathematics", -- "Sex", -- "Society", -- "Sports", -- "Technology", -- "Thesaurus", -- "Time", -- "Transport", -- "Physical actions", } labels["all topics"] = { type = "toplevel", description = "{{{langname}}} terms organized by topic, such as \"Family\", \"Chemistry\", \"Planets\", \"Canids\" or \"Cities in France\".", topic = "listing of all topics", parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", nontopic = true}}, } for _, typ in ipairs { "related-to", "set", "type", "name", "grouping" } do labels["list of " .. typ .. " categories"] = { type = "toplevel", description = "All " .. typ .. " categories currently available in {{{langname}}}.", parents = {{name = "all topics", sort = " *"}}, } end labels["list of mixed categories"] = { type = "toplevel", description = "All categories currently available in {{{langname}}} that belong to more than one type.", parents = {{name = "all topics", sort = " *"}}, } for label, data in pairs(labels) do data.module = top_level_data_module end -- Don't throw error on every single category, but on a subset of them, especially the top-level ones. local function should_throw_error() local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text -- Don't replace with mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename; we're in Category space return title:find("List of") or title:find("All ") or title:find(" lemmas") end -- Import subpages for _, subpage in ipairs(subpages) do local datamodule = data_module_prefix .. subpage local retval = require(datamodule) if not retval["LABELS"] then retval = {LABELS = retval} end for label, data in pairs(retval["LABELS"]) do if labels[label] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then -- Avoid throwing an error on every single topic category and any other invoking category that calls the -- topic code. if should_throw_error() then error("Label " .. label .. " defined in both [[" .. datamodule .. "]] and [[" .. labels[label].module .. "]].") end end data.module = datamodule labels[label] = data end if retval["HANDLERS"] then for _, handler in ipairs(retval["HANDLERS"]) do table.insert(handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler }) end end end return {LABELS = labels, HANDLERS = handlers} lcd7yw5vm4ieso4pgh0c47f34mmdl6g 828 307064 488073 2026-09-04T17:05:04Z SM7 6218 "local labels = {} labels["miscellaneous"] = { type = "grouping", description = "{{{langname}}} topics that do not currently fit elsewhere.", parents = {"all topics"}, } labels["collectives"] = { type = "set", description = "=[[entity|entities]] involving or consisting of a [[congregation]] or [[membership]]", parents = {"miscellaneous"}, } return labels" के साथ नया पृष्ठ बनाया 488073 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} labels["miscellaneous"] = { type = "grouping", description = "{{{langname}}} topics that do not currently fit elsewhere.", parents = {"all topics"}, } labels["collectives"] = { type = "set", description = "=[[entity|entities]] involving or consisting of a [[congregation]] or [[membership]]", parents = {"miscellaneous"}, } return labels d5ubr801yntpm4rr035twu7kz5zv6b7 488074 488073 2026-09-04T17:05:42Z SM7 6218 replace / was wrong 488074 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} labels["culture"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"society"}, } labels["A Christmas Carol"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 62879, displaytitle = "''A Christmas Carol''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used in the context of the tale ''{{w|A Christmas Carol}}'', by {{w|Charles Dickens}}, such as the names of its characters or author.", parents = {"British fiction", "Charles Dickens"}, } labels["A Song of Ice and Fire"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 45875, displaytitle = "''A Song of Ice and Fire''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in context of the ''{{w|Song of Ice and Fire}}'' novel series and its television adaptation ''{{w|Game of Thrones}}''.", parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "literature"}, } labels["acting"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["alternate history"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"speculative fiction", "history"}, } labels["American fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of American fiction", parents = {"fiction", "United States"}, } labels["animation"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mass media"}, } labels["Arabic fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]] of [[Arabic]] origin", parents = {"fiction"}, } labels["Arabian deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Arabian mythology"}, } labels["Arabian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["Armenian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Armenia"}, } labels["art"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["Arthurian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "United Kingdom"}, } labels["artistic works"] = { type = "name,type", parents = {"art"}, } labels["astrobiology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"astronomy", "biology", "geology"}, } labels["astrology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"divination", "pseudoscience", "obsolete scientific theories"}, } labels["Asturian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Asturias, Spain"}, } labels["Avatar: The Last Airbender"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 11572, displaytitle = "''Avatar: The Last Airbender''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from and/or related to the animated television series ''{{w|Avatar: The Last Airbender}}'' and its spin-off ''{{w|The Legend of Korra}}''.", parents = {"American fiction", "animation"}, } labels["Australian Aboriginal mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Australia"}, } labels["ballet"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"dance"}, } labels["Barbie"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 167447, description = "=the {{w|Barbie}} fashion doll produced by Mattel", parents = {"toys"}, } labels["Batman"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2695156, description = "=the fictional [[superhero]] [[Batman]]", parents = {"DC Comics", "fictional characters"}, } labels["bibliography"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"books"}, } labels["Bilibili"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 3077586, description = "=the video-sharing website {{w|bilibili}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["blogging"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"social media"}, } labels["Bluesky"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 78194383, description = "=the microblogging and social networking service {{w|Bluesky}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["body art"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art", "fashion"}, } labels["Bollywood"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 93196, parents = {"film", "India"}, } labels["books"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mass media", "literature"}, } labels["books of the Poetic Edda"] = { type = "name", displaytitle = "books of the ''Poetic Edda''", description = "=[[book]]s of the ''[[Poetic Edda]]''", parents = {"Norse mythology"}, } labels["Brazilian folklore"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"folklore", "Brazil"}, } labels["British fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]] of [[British]] origin", parents = {"fiction", "United Kingdom"}, } labels["Buffy the Vampire Slayer"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 183513, displaytitle = "''Buffy the Vampire Slayer''", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Buffy the Vampire Slayer}}'' (1997–2003)", parents = {"American fiction", "television", "vampires"}, } labels["Canadian fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]] of [[Canada|Canadian]] origin", parents = {"fiction", "Canada"}, } labels["calligraphy"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art", "writing"}, } labels["cartomancy"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"divination"}, } labels["castells"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=[[castell]]s, the Catalan tradition of human tower building", additional = "See {{w|castells}}.", parents = {"culture", "sports"}, } labels["celestial inhabitants"] = { type = "type", description = "=inhabitants of known [[celestial body|celestial bodies]]", parents = {"fictional characters", "science fiction", "demonyms"}, } labels["Celtic mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Ireland", "Wales"}, } labels["characters from folklore"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fictional characters", "folklore"}, } labels["cheerleading"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"dance", "gymnastics", "sports"}, } labels["Church of England"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default with the", parents = {"Anglicanism", "England"}, } labels["Chinese fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]], including [[anime]]s, [[manhua]]s, [[novel]]s, [[series]] and [[video game]]s, whose origin is of [[China]]", parents = {"fiction", "China"}, } labels["Chinese mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "China"}, } labels["cinematography"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"film"}, } labels["circus"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default no singularize", parents = {"entertainment", "theater"}, } labels["comedy"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"drama"}, } labels["comics"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default no singularize", parents = {"literature"}, } -- Confucianism: see [[Module:category tree/topic/Philosophy]] labels["conlanging"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=[[conlanging]] (the making of [[constructed language]]s)", parents = {"language", "culture"}, } labels["conspiracy theories"] = { type = "related-to,set", description = "=[[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] and theorists", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["constellations in the zodiac"] = { type = "name", description = "=the ring of [[constellations]] that line the [[ecliptic]], the apparent path of the [[Sun]] across the [[celestial sphere]] over the course of a year", parents = {"constellations", "astrology"}, } labels["cosmetics"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"toiletries", "fashion"}, } labels["cosplay"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fandom"}, } labels["dance"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art", "recreation"}, } labels["dances"] = { type = "type", parents = {"dance"}, } labels["DC Comics"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2924461, description = "={{w|DC Comics}}", parents = {"American fiction", "comics"}, } labels["demoscene"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "computing"}, } labels["design"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["dictionaries"] = { type = "type,name", parents = {"reference works", "lexicography"}, } labels["Disney"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 7414, description = "=the properties of {{w|The Walt Disney Company}}", additional = "This includes properties acquired jointly with or from other companies.", parents = {"American fiction", "comics", "film", "television"}, } labels["divination"] = { type = "type", parents = {"occult"}, } labels["Doctor Who"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 34316, displaytitle = "''Doctor Who''", description = "=the ''{{w|Doctor Who}}'' franchise", parents = {"British fiction", "science fiction", "television"}, } labels["Dracula"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 41542, displaytitle = "''Dracula''", description = "=the 1897 gothic horror novel ''{{w|Dracula}}'' by {{w|Bram Stoker}}, and its cultural derivations.", parents = {"fantasy", "literature", "vampires"}, } labels["dragons"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures"}, } labels["drama"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"theater"}, } labels["Egyptian deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Egyptian mythology"}, } labels["Egyptian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Ancient Egypt"}, } labels["entertainment"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["erotic literature"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fiction", "literary genres", "sex"}, } labels["Etruscan mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Etruria"}, } labels["European folklore"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"folklore", "Europe"}, } labels["fairy tale"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=[[fairy tale]]s", parents = {"fiction"}, } labels["fairy tale characters"] = { type = "name", description = "=[[fairy tale]] [[character]]s", parents = {"fictional characters", "fairy tale"}, } labels["fairy tales"] = { type = "name", parents = {"fairy tale"}, } labels["fan fiction"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fiction", "fandom", "literature"}, } labels["fandom"] = { type = "related-to", description = "{{{langname}}} terms arising from [[fandom]] culture.", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["fantasy"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[genre]] of [[fantasy]]", parents = {"fiction", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["fashion"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "clothing"}, } labels["faster-than-light travel"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"travel", "science fiction", "astrophysics", "relativity"}, } labels["Fediverse"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 30325419, description = "=the decentralised social networking services collectively known as the {{w|Fediverse}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=specific works of [[fiction]]", parents = {"artistic works"}, } labels["fictional abilities"] = { type = "related-to,type", description = "=fictional [[ability|abilities]] and [[superpower]]s", parents = {"fiction", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["fictional characters"] = { type = "name,type", parents = {"fiction"}, } labels["fictional locations"] = { type = "name,type", parents = {"fiction"}, } labels["fictional planets"] = { type = "name", parents = {"fictional locations"}, } labels["fictional universes"] = { type = "name,type", parents = {"fictional locations"}, } labels["film"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mass media", "entertainment"}, } labels["F/F ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} between two female characters.", parents = {"LGBTQ", "ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["film genres"] = { type = "type,related-to", parents = {"film", "genres"}, } labels["film industries"] = { type = "name", parents = {"film"}, } labels["Finnic mythology"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[mythology]] of the [[Finnic]] peoples", additional = "This includes (but is not limited to) [[Finnish]] and [[Estonian]] mythology.", parents = {"mythology", "Finland", "Estonia"}, } labels["flamenco"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"dance"}, } labels["folklore"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["furry fandom"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fandom", "subcultures"}, } labels["Germanic deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Germanic mythology"}, } labels["Germanic mythology"] = { type = "name", description = "=the [[mythology]] of the [[Germanic]] peoples", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["genres"] = { type = "type,related-to", description = "=[[genre]]s and genre classifications", parents = {"entertainment"}, wpcat = true, } labels["ghosts"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"afterlife", "supernatural", "characters from folklore", "death", "fantasy", "horror", "mythological creatures", "occult"}, } labels["Glee (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 152178, displaytitle = "''Glee'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''[[w:Glee (TV series)|Glee]]'' (2009–2015)", parents = {"American fiction", "television"}, } labels["graphic design"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"design"}, } labels["Greek deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Greek mythology"}, } labels["Greek mythology"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[mythology]] of [[Ancient Greece]]", parents = {"mythology", "Ancient Greece"}, } labels["Gulliver's Travels"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 181488, displaytitle = "''Gulliver's Travels''", description = "=''[[w:Gulliver's Travels|Gulliver’s Travels]]''", parents = {"literature"}, } labels["Harry Potter"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 8337, displaytitle = "''Harry Potter''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in context of the ''{{w|Harry Potter}}'' franchise.", parents = {"British fiction", "fantasy", "literature", "fictional characters"}, } labels["Hawaiian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Hawaii, USA"}, } labels["F/M ships"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} between female and male characters.", parents = {"ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["Hindu deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Hindu mythology"}, } labels["Hindu mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Hinduism"}, } labels["Homestuck"] = { type = "related-to", displaytitle ="''Homestuck''", wikidata = 2618713, description = "=the ''{{w|Homestuck}}'' multimedia fiction series", parents = {"American fiction", "comics"}, } labels["Hopi culture"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "United States"}, } labels["horror"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[horror]] [[genre]]", parents = {"literature", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["humanities"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default no singularize", parents = {"culture"}, commonscat = true; } labels["incestuous ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} involving fictional incestuous relationships.", parents = {"incest", "ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["idol fandom"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fandom"}, } labels["Instagram"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 209330, description = "=the photo sharing and social networking service [[Instagram]]", parents = {"photography", "social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["Iranian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Iran"}, } labels["Irish mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"Celtic mythology", "Ireland"}, } labels["James Bond"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 844, displaytitle = "''James Bond''", description = "=the ''[[James Bond]]'' franchise", parents = {"British fiction", "film"}, } labels["Japanese deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Japanese mythology"}, } labels["Japanese fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]], including [[anime]]s, [[manga]]s, [[novel]]s, [[series]] and [[video game]]s, whose origin is of [[Japan]]", parents = {"fiction", "Japan"}, } labels["Japanese mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Japan"}, } labels["job titles in Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = { type = "type", displaytitle = "job titles in ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''", description = "=job titles in ''{{w|Romance of the Three Kingdoms}}''", parents = {"Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "titles"}, } labels["journalism"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"writing"}, } labels["Kachinas"] = { type = "name", parents = {"Hopi culture"}, } labels["Komi mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Komi, Russia"}, } labels["Korean fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]], including [[anime]]s, [[manhwa]]s, [[novel]]s, [[series]] and [[video game]]s, whose origin is of [[Korea]]", parents = {"fiction", "Korea"}, } labels["Korean mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Korea"}, } labels["literary genres"] = { type = "type", description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[literary]] [[genre]]s.", parents = {"literature", "fiction", "genres"}, } labels["literature"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "entertainment", "writing"}, } labels["Lost (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 23567, displaytitle = "''Lost'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Lost (2004 TV series)|Lost}}'' (2004–2010)", parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "television"}, } labels["Lovecraftian horror"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2448865, description = "=the [[literature|literary]] works of {{w|H. P. Lovecraft}}", parents = {"horror", "literature", "fiction", "supernatural"}, } labels["magic"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"supernatural"}, } labels["magic words"] = { type = "set", wikidata = 1135882, description = "{{{langname}}} magic words; terms that serve the purpose of effectively or apparently triggering a [[magical]] or [[illusionist]] event.", parents = {"plot devices", "fiction"}, } labels["manga genres"] = { type = "type", description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[manga]] [[genre]]s.", parents = {"literary genres"}, } labels["marriage"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "family"}, } labels["Marvel Comics"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 173496, description = "={{w|Marvel Comics}}", parents = {"American fiction", "comics"}, } labels["mass media"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"media", "culture"}, } labels["Meitei deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Meitei mythology"}, } labels["Meitei mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Manipur, India"}, } labels["merpeople"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythological creatures"}, } labels["Mesopotamian deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Mesopotamian mythology"}, } labels["Mesopotamian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[mythology]] of ancient [[Mesopotamia]]", parents = {"mythology", "Ancient Near East"}, } labels["M/M ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} between two male characters.", parents = {"LGBTQ", "ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["modern art"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["Mongolian tribes"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names for Mongolian tribes.", parents = {"ethnonyms", "Mongolia"}, } labels["moustaches"] = { type = "type", parents = {"face", "fashion", "hair"}, } labels["My Hero Academia"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 18047903, displaytitle ="''My Hero Academia''", description = "=the ''{{w|My Hero Academia}}'' series", parents = {"Japanese fiction", "animation", "comics"}, } labels["My Little Pony"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 1071312, displaytitle = "''My Little Pony''", description = "=the ''{{w|My Little Pony}}'' franchise (which includes toys and animated series) and its fandom", parents = {"American fiction", "animation", "toys"}, } labels["mythological creatures"] = { type = "type", parents = {"mythology", "fantasy"}, } labels["mythological figures"] = { type = "name", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["mythological locations"] = { type = "name", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["mythological plants"] = { type = "type,name", parents = {"mythology", "plants"}, } labels["mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["narratology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"literature", "drama"}, } labels["Navajo mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["newspapers"] = { type = "name", parents = {"periodicals"}, } labels["Niconico"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 697233, description = "=the video-sharing website {{w|Niconico}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["Norse deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Germanic deities", "Norse mythology"}, } labels["Norse mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Germanic mythology"}, } labels["occult"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default with the", parents = {"supernatural", "paranormal"}, } labels["omegaverse"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 96397374, description = "=the [[omegaverse]] genre", parents = {"erotic literature", "fan fiction", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["Omori"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 105618699, displaytitle ="''Omori''", description = "=the ''{{w|Omori (video game)|Omori}}'' series", parents = {"American fiction", "video games"}, } labels["Once Upon a Time"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 23673, displaytitle = "''Once Upon a Time''", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon a Time}}'' (2011–2018)", parents = {"American fiction", "Disney", "television"}, } labels["otherkin"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[otherkin]] subculture", parents = {"subcultures", "mysticism"}, } labels["painting"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["palmistry"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"divination"}, } labels["parties"] = { type = "type,related-to", parents = {"entertainment", "culture"}, } labels["people in Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = { type = "name", displaytitle = "people in ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''", description = "=people in ''{{w|Romance of the Three Kingdoms}}''", parents = {"Romance of the Three Kingdoms"}, } labels["perfumes"] = { type = "type,set", parents = {"fashion", "scents", "perfumery"}, } labels["periodicals"] = { type = "type,related-to", parents = {"mass media", "literature"}, } labels["personifications"] = { type = "name", parents = {"narratology"}, } labels["places in Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = { type = "name", displaytitle = "places in ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''", description = "=places in ''{{w|Romance of the Three Kingdoms}}''", parents = {"Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "China"}, } labels["plot devices"] = { type = "type", parents = {"narratology", "fiction"}, } labels["poetry"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"literature", "art"}, } labels["polyamorous ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} between three or more characters.", parents = {"ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["Private Eye"] = { type = "related-to", displaytitle = "''Private Eye''", description = "=the ''{{w|Private Eye}}'' franchise", parents = {"British fiction"}, } labels["Reddit"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2195701, description = "=the social news aggregation and discussion website {{w|Reddit}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["reference works"] = { type = "type", parents = {"books"}, } labels["Roman deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Roman mythology"}, } labels["Roman mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Ancient Rome"}, } labels["romance fiction"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"literary genres", "love"}, } labels["Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 70806, displaytitle = "''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''", description = "=''{{w|Romance of the Three Kingdoms}}''", parents = {"fiction", "literature", "China"}, } labels["RPF ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} involving real people in a fictional relationship.", additional = "For actual relationships between real people, see [[:Category:Couple nicknames]].", parents = {"ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["science fiction"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"speculative fiction", "fiction"}, } labels["SCP Foundation"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 17439649, description = "English terms related to the SCP Wiki collaborative writing website and its setting of the {{w|SCP Foundation}}.", parents = {"fantasy", "fiction", "horror", "science fiction", "supernatural"}, } labels["sculpture"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["Shahnameh"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 8279, displaytitle = "''Shahnameh''", description = "=''Shahnameh''", parents = {"fiction", "poetry", "literature", "Persia"}, } labels["Shahnameh characters"] = { type = "name", description = "=characters in the [[Shahnameh]]", parents = {"Shahnameh"}, } labels["shapeshifters"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore"}, } labels["Sherlock Holmes"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2316684, description = "=the [[Sherlock Holmes]] stories by {{w|Arthur Conan Doyle}} and adaptations of them", parents = {"British fiction", "literature"}, } labels["Sherlock (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 192837, displaytitle = "''Sherlock'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''[[w:Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]'' (2010–2017)", parents = {"Sherlock Holmes", "television"}, } labels["shipping (fandom)"] = { type = "related-to", description = "={{l|en|ship|shipping|id=fandomverb}} (i.e., in [[fandom]], supporting a fictional romantic relationship between two characters)", parents = {"fandom", "romance fiction"}, } labels["ships (fandom)"] = { type = "grouping", description = "=names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} i.e., a fictional relationship between two fictional characters or real people)", parents = {"shipping (fandom)"}, } labels["ships (fandom) by relationship type"] = { type = "grouping", description = "={{l|en|ship|ship|id=fandomnoun}} names organized by the type of relationship (e.g, [[heterosexual]], [[homosexual]], etc.)", parents = {"ships (fandom)"}, } labels["shippers (fandom)"] = { type = "type", description = "=[[shipper]]s (i.e., people who support a romantic or sexual relationship between characters or real people)", parents = {"shipping (fandom)"}, } labels["Slavic deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Slavic mythology"}, } labels["Slavic mythology"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[mythology]] of the [[Slav]]s", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["Smallville (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 180228, displaytitle = "''Smallville'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Smallville}}'' (2001–2011)", parents = {"American fiction", "Superman", "television"}, } labels["social media"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 202833, parents = {"mass media", "Internet"}, } labels["South Korean idol fandom"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 39086123, description = "=[[South Korea|South Korean]] [[idol]] [[fandom]]", parents = {"idol fandom", "South Korea"}, } labels["South Park"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 16538, displaytitle = "''South Park''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from and/or related to the animated television series ''{{w|South Park}}''.", parents = {"American fiction", "animation"}, } labels["Star Trek"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 1092, displaytitle = "''Star Trek''", description = "=the ''{{w|Star Trek}}'' franchise", parents = {"American fiction", "film", "science fiction", "television"}, } labels["Star Wars"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 462, displaytitle = "''Star Wars''", description = "=the ''{{w|Star Wars}}'' franchise", parents = {"American fiction", "film", "science fiction", "Disney"}, } labels["Steven Universe"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 7615342, displaytitle = "''Steven Universe''", description = "=the animated television series ''{{w|Steven Universe}}''", parents = {"American fiction", "animation"}, } labels["stock characters"] = { type = "type", wikidata = 636497, parents = {"fictional characters"}, } labels["speculative fiction"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 9326077, parents = {"fiction", "genres"}, } labels["spider fighting"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 7577058, description = "={{w|spider fighting}}", parents = {"spiders", "human activity"}, } labels["subcultures"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=[[subculture]]s", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["superheroes"] = { type = "name", wikidata = 188784, description = "=[[superhero]]es", parents = {"fictional characters"}, } labels["Superman"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 79015, description = "=the fictional [[superhero]] [[Superman]]", parents = {"DC Comics", "fictional characters"}, } labels["supernatural"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 80837, description = "default with the", parents = {"folklore"}, } labels["Supernatural (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 130585, displaytitle = "''Supernatural'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''[[w:Supernatural (American TV series)|Supernatural]]'' (2005–2020)", parents = {"American fiction", "television"}, } labels["Tamil deities"] = { type = "name", additional = "See [[w:Dravidian folk religion|Dravidian religion]] or [[w:Religion in ancient Tamilakam|Tamil region]] for more.", parents = {"gods", "Hindu deities", "Tamil mythology"}, } labels["Tamil mythology"] = { type = "name", additional = "See [[w:Dravidian folk religion|Dravidian religion]] or [[w:Religion in ancient Tamilakam|Tamil region]] for more.", parents = {"mythology", "Hindu mythology", "Tamil Nadu, India"}, } labels["television"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 289, parents = {"mass media", "broadcasting"}, } labels["The Handmaid's Tale"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 25207350, displaytitle = "''The Handmaid's Tale''", description = "=the 1985 novel ''{{w|The Handmaid's Tale}}'' by {{w|Margaret Atwood}} and its [[w:The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)|television adaptation]] (2017–)", parents = {"Canadian fiction", "utopian and dystopian fiction", "literature"}, } labels["The Hunger Games"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 11679, displaytitle = "''The Hunger Games''", description = "=''{{w|The Hunger Games}}'' novel series by {{w|Suzanne Collins}} and its film adaptations", parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "utopian and dystopian fiction", "literature"}, } labels["The Matrix"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 83495, displaytitle = "''The Matrix''", description = "=''{{w|The Matrix}}''", parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "utopian and dystopian fiction"}, } labels["The Simpsons"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 886, displaytitle = "''The Simpsons''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from and/or related to the animated television series ''{{w|The Simpsons}}''.", parents = {"American fiction", "animation", "Disney"}, } labels["The Walking Dead"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 232737, displaytitle = "''The Walking Dead''", description = "=the television series ''[[w:The Walking Dead (TV series)|The Walking Dead]]'' (2010–2022) and the comic series from which it was adapted", parents = {"American fiction", "television", "utopian and dystopian fiction", "zombies"}, } labels["The Wizard of Oz"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 130295, displaytitle = "''The Wizard of Oz''", description = "=the fantasy novel ''{{w|The Wonderful Wizard of Oz}}'', subsequent books or films derived from it, such as the ''[[w:The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|1939 film]]''.", parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "literature"}, } labels["The X-Files"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2744, displaytitle = "''The X-Files''", description = "=the ''{{w|The X-Files}}'' franchise", parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "television"}, } labels["theater"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art", "entertainment"}, } labels["Thracian deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods"}, } labels["TikTok"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 48938223, description = "=the video-sharing and social-networking service {{w|TikTok}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["Tupi mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Brazil"}, } labels["Twilight (novel series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 44523, displaytitle = "''Twilight'' (novel series)", description = "=the ''[[w:Twilight (series)|Twilight]]'' franchise", parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "literature", "vampires"}, } labels["Twitter"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 918, description = "=the social networking and microblogging service {{w|Twitter}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["Tumblr"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 384060, description = "=the microblogging and social networking service {{w|Tumblr}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["utopian and dystopian fiction"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"speculative fiction"}, } labels["vampires"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore", "death", "horror", "blood"}, } labels["vampire lifestyle"] = { type = "related-to", description = "={{w|vampire lifestyle|the vampire lifestyle}} (i.e., a subculture which roleplays the stereotypical habits of vampires)", parents = {"subcultures", "vampires"}, } labels["Virtual YouTuber"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 55155641, description = "=[[virtual YouTuber]]s ([[VTuber]]s)", parents = {"YouTube", "Entertainment"}, } labels["web design"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"design", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["werewolves"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore", "shapeshifters", "horror"}, } labels["worldbuilding"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"narratology", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["Xena: Warrior Princess"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 38497, displaytitle = "''Xena: Warrior Princess''", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Xena: Warrior Princess}}'' (1995–2001)", parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "television"}, } labels["YouTube"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 866, description = "=the video-sharing website {{w|YouTube}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web", "Google"}, } labels["YouTube Poop"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 16927904, parents = {"YouTube", "Internet memes"}, } labels["zombies"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore", "death", "horror"}, } return labels s8j4esgk89qb5keh8ioyd43cphnuma6 488075 488074 2026-09-04T17:06:02Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/topic/संस्कृति]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/topic/culture]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488074 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} labels["culture"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"society"}, } labels["A Christmas Carol"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 62879, displaytitle = "''A Christmas Carol''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used in the context of the tale ''{{w|A Christmas Carol}}'', by {{w|Charles Dickens}}, such as the names of its characters or author.", parents = {"British fiction", "Charles Dickens"}, } labels["A Song of Ice and Fire"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 45875, displaytitle = "''A Song of Ice and Fire''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in context of the ''{{w|Song of Ice and Fire}}'' novel series and its television adaptation ''{{w|Game of Thrones}}''.", parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "literature"}, } labels["acting"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["alternate history"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"speculative fiction", "history"}, } labels["American fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of American fiction", parents = {"fiction", "United States"}, } labels["animation"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mass media"}, } labels["Arabic fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]] of [[Arabic]] origin", parents = {"fiction"}, } labels["Arabian deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Arabian mythology"}, } labels["Arabian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["Armenian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Armenia"}, } labels["art"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["Arthurian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "United Kingdom"}, } labels["artistic works"] = { type = "name,type", parents = {"art"}, } labels["astrobiology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"astronomy", "biology", "geology"}, } labels["astrology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"divination", "pseudoscience", "obsolete scientific theories"}, } labels["Asturian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Asturias, Spain"}, } labels["Avatar: The Last Airbender"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 11572, displaytitle = "''Avatar: The Last Airbender''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from and/or related to the animated television series ''{{w|Avatar: The Last Airbender}}'' and its spin-off ''{{w|The Legend of Korra}}''.", parents = {"American fiction", "animation"}, } labels["Australian Aboriginal mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Australia"}, } labels["ballet"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"dance"}, } labels["Barbie"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 167447, description = "=the {{w|Barbie}} fashion doll produced by Mattel", parents = {"toys"}, } labels["Batman"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2695156, description = "=the fictional [[superhero]] [[Batman]]", parents = {"DC Comics", "fictional characters"}, } labels["bibliography"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"books"}, } labels["Bilibili"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 3077586, description = "=the video-sharing website {{w|bilibili}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["blogging"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"social media"}, } labels["Bluesky"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 78194383, description = "=the microblogging and social networking service {{w|Bluesky}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["body art"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art", "fashion"}, } labels["Bollywood"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 93196, parents = {"film", "India"}, } labels["books"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mass media", "literature"}, } labels["books of the Poetic Edda"] = { type = "name", displaytitle = "books of the ''Poetic Edda''", description = "=[[book]]s of the ''[[Poetic Edda]]''", parents = {"Norse mythology"}, } labels["Brazilian folklore"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"folklore", "Brazil"}, } labels["British fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]] of [[British]] origin", parents = {"fiction", "United Kingdom"}, } labels["Buffy the Vampire Slayer"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 183513, displaytitle = "''Buffy the Vampire Slayer''", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Buffy the Vampire Slayer}}'' (1997–2003)", parents = {"American fiction", "television", "vampires"}, } labels["Canadian fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]] of [[Canada|Canadian]] origin", parents = {"fiction", "Canada"}, } labels["calligraphy"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art", "writing"}, } labels["cartomancy"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"divination"}, } labels["castells"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=[[castell]]s, the Catalan tradition of human tower building", additional = "See {{w|castells}}.", parents = {"culture", "sports"}, } labels["celestial inhabitants"] = { type = "type", description = "=inhabitants of known [[celestial body|celestial bodies]]", parents = {"fictional characters", "science fiction", "demonyms"}, } labels["Celtic mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Ireland", "Wales"}, } labels["characters from folklore"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fictional characters", "folklore"}, } labels["cheerleading"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"dance", "gymnastics", "sports"}, } labels["Church of England"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default with the", parents = {"Anglicanism", "England"}, } labels["Chinese fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]], including [[anime]]s, [[manhua]]s, [[novel]]s, [[series]] and [[video game]]s, whose origin is of [[China]]", parents = {"fiction", "China"}, } labels["Chinese mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "China"}, } labels["cinematography"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"film"}, } labels["circus"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default no singularize", parents = {"entertainment", "theater"}, } labels["comedy"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"drama"}, } labels["comics"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default no singularize", parents = {"literature"}, } -- Confucianism: see [[Module:category tree/topic/Philosophy]] labels["conlanging"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=[[conlanging]] (the making of [[constructed language]]s)", parents = {"language", "culture"}, } labels["conspiracy theories"] = { type = "related-to,set", description = "=[[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] and theorists", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["constellations in the zodiac"] = { type = "name", description = "=the ring of [[constellations]] that line the [[ecliptic]], the apparent path of the [[Sun]] across the [[celestial sphere]] over the course of a year", parents = {"constellations", "astrology"}, } labels["cosmetics"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"toiletries", "fashion"}, } labels["cosplay"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fandom"}, } labels["dance"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art", "recreation"}, } labels["dances"] = { type = "type", parents = {"dance"}, } labels["DC Comics"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2924461, description = "={{w|DC Comics}}", parents = {"American fiction", "comics"}, } labels["demoscene"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "computing"}, } labels["design"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["dictionaries"] = { type = "type,name", parents = {"reference works", "lexicography"}, } labels["Disney"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 7414, description = "=the properties of {{w|The Walt Disney Company}}", additional = "This includes properties acquired jointly with or from other companies.", parents = {"American fiction", "comics", "film", "television"}, } labels["divination"] = { type = "type", parents = {"occult"}, } labels["Doctor Who"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 34316, displaytitle = "''Doctor Who''", description = "=the ''{{w|Doctor Who}}'' franchise", parents = {"British fiction", "science fiction", "television"}, } labels["Dracula"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 41542, displaytitle = "''Dracula''", description = "=the 1897 gothic horror novel ''{{w|Dracula}}'' by {{w|Bram Stoker}}, and its cultural derivations.", parents = {"fantasy", "literature", "vampires"}, } labels["dragons"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures"}, } labels["drama"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"theater"}, } labels["Egyptian deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Egyptian mythology"}, } labels["Egyptian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Ancient Egypt"}, } labels["entertainment"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["erotic literature"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fiction", "literary genres", "sex"}, } labels["Etruscan mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Etruria"}, } labels["European folklore"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"folklore", "Europe"}, } labels["fairy tale"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=[[fairy tale]]s", parents = {"fiction"}, } labels["fairy tale characters"] = { type = "name", description = "=[[fairy tale]] [[character]]s", parents = {"fictional characters", "fairy tale"}, } labels["fairy tales"] = { type = "name", parents = {"fairy tale"}, } labels["fan fiction"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fiction", "fandom", "literature"}, } labels["fandom"] = { type = "related-to", description = "{{{langname}}} terms arising from [[fandom]] culture.", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["fantasy"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[genre]] of [[fantasy]]", parents = {"fiction", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["fashion"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "clothing"}, } labels["faster-than-light travel"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"travel", "science fiction", "astrophysics", "relativity"}, } labels["Fediverse"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 30325419, description = "=the decentralised social networking services collectively known as the {{w|Fediverse}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=specific works of [[fiction]]", parents = {"artistic works"}, } labels["fictional abilities"] = { type = "related-to,type", description = "=fictional [[ability|abilities]] and [[superpower]]s", parents = {"fiction", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["fictional characters"] = { type = "name,type", parents = {"fiction"}, } labels["fictional locations"] = { type = "name,type", parents = {"fiction"}, } labels["fictional planets"] = { type = "name", parents = {"fictional locations"}, } labels["fictional universes"] = { type = "name,type", parents = {"fictional locations"}, } labels["film"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mass media", "entertainment"}, } labels["F/F ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} between two female characters.", parents = {"LGBTQ", "ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["film genres"] = { type = "type,related-to", parents = {"film", "genres"}, } labels["film industries"] = { type = "name", parents = {"film"}, } labels["Finnic mythology"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[mythology]] of the [[Finnic]] peoples", additional = "This includes (but is not limited to) [[Finnish]] and [[Estonian]] mythology.", parents = {"mythology", "Finland", "Estonia"}, } labels["flamenco"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"dance"}, } labels["folklore"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["furry fandom"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fandom", "subcultures"}, } labels["Germanic deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Germanic mythology"}, } labels["Germanic mythology"] = { type = "name", description = "=the [[mythology]] of the [[Germanic]] peoples", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["genres"] = { type = "type,related-to", description = "=[[genre]]s and genre classifications", parents = {"entertainment"}, wpcat = true, } labels["ghosts"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"afterlife", "supernatural", "characters from folklore", "death", "fantasy", "horror", "mythological creatures", "occult"}, } labels["Glee (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 152178, displaytitle = "''Glee'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''[[w:Glee (TV series)|Glee]]'' (2009–2015)", parents = {"American fiction", "television"}, } labels["graphic design"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"design"}, } labels["Greek deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Greek mythology"}, } labels["Greek mythology"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[mythology]] of [[Ancient Greece]]", parents = {"mythology", "Ancient Greece"}, } labels["Gulliver's Travels"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 181488, displaytitle = "''Gulliver's Travels''", description = "=''[[w:Gulliver's Travels|Gulliver’s Travels]]''", parents = {"literature"}, } labels["Harry Potter"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 8337, displaytitle = "''Harry Potter''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in context of the ''{{w|Harry Potter}}'' franchise.", parents = {"British fiction", "fantasy", "literature", "fictional characters"}, } labels["Hawaiian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Hawaii, USA"}, } labels["F/M ships"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} between female and male characters.", parents = {"ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["Hindu deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Hindu mythology"}, } labels["Hindu mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Hinduism"}, } labels["Homestuck"] = { type = "related-to", displaytitle ="''Homestuck''", wikidata = 2618713, description = "=the ''{{w|Homestuck}}'' multimedia fiction series", parents = {"American fiction", "comics"}, } labels["Hopi culture"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "United States"}, } labels["horror"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[horror]] [[genre]]", parents = {"literature", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["humanities"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default no singularize", parents = {"culture"}, commonscat = true; } labels["incestuous ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} involving fictional incestuous relationships.", parents = {"incest", "ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["idol fandom"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fandom"}, } labels["Instagram"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 209330, description = "=the photo sharing and social networking service [[Instagram]]", parents = {"photography", "social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["Iranian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Iran"}, } labels["Irish mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"Celtic mythology", "Ireland"}, } labels["James Bond"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 844, displaytitle = "''James Bond''", description = "=the ''[[James Bond]]'' franchise", parents = {"British fiction", "film"}, } labels["Japanese deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Japanese mythology"}, } labels["Japanese fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]], including [[anime]]s, [[manga]]s, [[novel]]s, [[series]] and [[video game]]s, whose origin is of [[Japan]]", parents = {"fiction", "Japan"}, } labels["Japanese mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Japan"}, } labels["job titles in Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = { type = "type", displaytitle = "job titles in ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''", description = "=job titles in ''{{w|Romance of the Three Kingdoms}}''", parents = {"Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "titles"}, } labels["journalism"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"writing"}, } labels["Kachinas"] = { type = "name", parents = {"Hopi culture"}, } labels["Komi mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Komi, Russia"}, } labels["Korean fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]], including [[anime]]s, [[manhwa]]s, [[novel]]s, [[series]] and [[video game]]s, whose origin is of [[Korea]]", parents = {"fiction", "Korea"}, } labels["Korean mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Korea"}, } labels["literary genres"] = { type = "type", description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[literary]] [[genre]]s.", parents = {"literature", "fiction", "genres"}, } labels["literature"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "entertainment", "writing"}, } labels["Lost (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 23567, displaytitle = "''Lost'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Lost (2004 TV series)|Lost}}'' (2004–2010)", parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "television"}, } labels["Lovecraftian horror"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2448865, description = "=the [[literature|literary]] works of {{w|H. P. Lovecraft}}", parents = {"horror", "literature", "fiction", "supernatural"}, } labels["magic"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"supernatural"}, } labels["magic words"] = { type = "set", wikidata = 1135882, description = "{{{langname}}} magic words; terms that serve the purpose of effectively or apparently triggering a [[magical]] or [[illusionist]] event.", parents = {"plot devices", "fiction"}, } labels["manga genres"] = { type = "type", description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[manga]] [[genre]]s.", parents = {"literary genres"}, } labels["marriage"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "family"}, } labels["Marvel Comics"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 173496, description = "={{w|Marvel Comics}}", parents = {"American fiction", "comics"}, } labels["mass media"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"media", "culture"}, } labels["Meitei deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Meitei mythology"}, } labels["Meitei mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Manipur, India"}, } labels["merpeople"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythological creatures"}, } labels["Mesopotamian deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Mesopotamian mythology"}, } labels["Mesopotamian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[mythology]] of ancient [[Mesopotamia]]", parents = {"mythology", "Ancient Near East"}, } labels["M/M ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} between two male characters.", parents = {"LGBTQ", "ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["modern art"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["Mongolian tribes"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names for Mongolian tribes.", parents = {"ethnonyms", "Mongolia"}, } labels["moustaches"] = { type = "type", parents = {"face", "fashion", "hair"}, } labels["My Hero Academia"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 18047903, displaytitle ="''My Hero Academia''", description = "=the ''{{w|My Hero Academia}}'' series", parents = {"Japanese fiction", "animation", "comics"}, } labels["My Little Pony"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 1071312, displaytitle = "''My Little Pony''", description = "=the ''{{w|My Little Pony}}'' franchise (which includes toys and animated series) and its fandom", parents = {"American fiction", "animation", "toys"}, } labels["mythological creatures"] = { type = "type", parents = {"mythology", "fantasy"}, } labels["mythological figures"] = { type = "name", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["mythological locations"] = { type = "name", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["mythological plants"] = { type = "type,name", parents = {"mythology", "plants"}, } labels["mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["narratology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"literature", "drama"}, } labels["Navajo mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["newspapers"] = { type = "name", parents = {"periodicals"}, } labels["Niconico"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 697233, description = "=the video-sharing website {{w|Niconico}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["Norse deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Germanic deities", "Norse mythology"}, } labels["Norse mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Germanic mythology"}, } labels["occult"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default with the", parents = {"supernatural", "paranormal"}, } labels["omegaverse"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 96397374, description = "=the [[omegaverse]] genre", parents = {"erotic literature", "fan fiction", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["Omori"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 105618699, displaytitle ="''Omori''", description = "=the ''{{w|Omori (video game)|Omori}}'' series", parents = {"American fiction", "video games"}, } labels["Once Upon a Time"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 23673, displaytitle = "''Once Upon a Time''", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon a Time}}'' (2011–2018)", parents = {"American fiction", "Disney", "television"}, } labels["otherkin"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[otherkin]] subculture", parents = {"subcultures", "mysticism"}, } labels["painting"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["palmistry"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"divination"}, } labels["parties"] = { type = "type,related-to", parents = {"entertainment", "culture"}, } labels["people in Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = { type = "name", displaytitle = "people in ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''", description = "=people in ''{{w|Romance of the Three Kingdoms}}''", parents = {"Romance of the Three Kingdoms"}, } labels["perfumes"] = { type = "type,set", parents = {"fashion", "scents", "perfumery"}, } labels["periodicals"] = { type = "type,related-to", parents = {"mass media", "literature"}, } labels["personifications"] = { type = "name", parents = {"narratology"}, } labels["places in Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = { type = "name", displaytitle = "places in ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''", description = "=places in ''{{w|Romance of the Three Kingdoms}}''", parents = {"Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "China"}, } labels["plot devices"] = { type = "type", parents = {"narratology", "fiction"}, } labels["poetry"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"literature", "art"}, } labels["polyamorous ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} between three or more characters.", parents = {"ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["Private Eye"] = { type = "related-to", displaytitle = "''Private Eye''", description = "=the ''{{w|Private Eye}}'' franchise", parents = {"British fiction"}, } labels["Reddit"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2195701, description = "=the social news aggregation and discussion website {{w|Reddit}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["reference works"] = { type = "type", parents = {"books"}, } labels["Roman deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Roman mythology"}, } labels["Roman mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Ancient Rome"}, } labels["romance fiction"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"literary genres", "love"}, } labels["Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 70806, displaytitle = "''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''", description = "=''{{w|Romance of the Three Kingdoms}}''", parents = {"fiction", "literature", "China"}, } labels["RPF ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} involving real people in a fictional relationship.", additional = "For actual relationships between real people, see [[:Category:Couple nicknames]].", parents = {"ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["science fiction"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"speculative fiction", "fiction"}, } labels["SCP Foundation"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 17439649, description = "English terms related to the SCP Wiki collaborative writing website and its setting of the {{w|SCP Foundation}}.", parents = {"fantasy", "fiction", "horror", "science fiction", "supernatural"}, } labels["sculpture"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["Shahnameh"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 8279, displaytitle = "''Shahnameh''", description = "=''Shahnameh''", parents = {"fiction", "poetry", "literature", "Persia"}, } labels["Shahnameh characters"] = { type = "name", description = "=characters in the [[Shahnameh]]", parents = {"Shahnameh"}, } labels["shapeshifters"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore"}, } labels["Sherlock Holmes"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2316684, description = "=the [[Sherlock Holmes]] stories by {{w|Arthur Conan Doyle}} and adaptations of them", parents = {"British fiction", "literature"}, } labels["Sherlock (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 192837, displaytitle = "''Sherlock'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''[[w:Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]'' (2010–2017)", parents = {"Sherlock Holmes", "television"}, } labels["shipping (fandom)"] = { type = "related-to", description = "={{l|en|ship|shipping|id=fandomverb}} (i.e., in [[fandom]], supporting a fictional romantic relationship between two characters)", parents = {"fandom", "romance fiction"}, } labels["ships (fandom)"] = { type = "grouping", description = "=names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} i.e., a fictional relationship between two fictional characters or real people)", parents = {"shipping (fandom)"}, } labels["ships (fandom) by relationship type"] = { type = "grouping", description = "={{l|en|ship|ship|id=fandomnoun}} names organized by the type of relationship (e.g, [[heterosexual]], [[homosexual]], etc.)", parents = {"ships (fandom)"}, } labels["shippers (fandom)"] = { type = "type", description = "=[[shipper]]s (i.e., people who support a romantic or sexual relationship between characters or real people)", parents = {"shipping (fandom)"}, } labels["Slavic deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Slavic mythology"}, } labels["Slavic mythology"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[mythology]] of the [[Slav]]s", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["Smallville (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 180228, displaytitle = "''Smallville'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Smallville}}'' (2001–2011)", parents = {"American fiction", "Superman", "television"}, } labels["social media"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 202833, parents = {"mass media", "Internet"}, } labels["South Korean idol fandom"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 39086123, description = "=[[South Korea|South Korean]] [[idol]] [[fandom]]", parents = {"idol fandom", "South Korea"}, } labels["South Park"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 16538, displaytitle = "''South Park''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from and/or related to the animated television series ''{{w|South Park}}''.", parents = {"American fiction", "animation"}, } labels["Star Trek"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 1092, displaytitle = "''Star Trek''", description = "=the ''{{w|Star Trek}}'' franchise", parents = {"American fiction", "film", "science fiction", "television"}, } labels["Star Wars"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 462, displaytitle = "''Star Wars''", description = "=the ''{{w|Star Wars}}'' franchise", parents = {"American fiction", "film", "science fiction", "Disney"}, } labels["Steven Universe"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 7615342, displaytitle = "''Steven Universe''", description = "=the animated television series ''{{w|Steven Universe}}''", parents = {"American fiction", "animation"}, } labels["stock characters"] = { type = "type", wikidata = 636497, parents = {"fictional characters"}, } labels["speculative fiction"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 9326077, parents = {"fiction", "genres"}, } labels["spider fighting"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 7577058, description = "={{w|spider fighting}}", parents = {"spiders", "human activity"}, } labels["subcultures"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=[[subculture]]s", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["superheroes"] = { type = "name", wikidata = 188784, description = "=[[superhero]]es", parents = {"fictional characters"}, } labels["Superman"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 79015, description = "=the fictional [[superhero]] [[Superman]]", parents = {"DC Comics", "fictional characters"}, } labels["supernatural"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 80837, description = "default with the", parents = {"folklore"}, } labels["Supernatural (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 130585, displaytitle = "''Supernatural'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''[[w:Supernatural (American TV series)|Supernatural]]'' (2005–2020)", parents = {"American fiction", "television"}, } labels["Tamil deities"] = { type = "name", additional = "See [[w:Dravidian folk religion|Dravidian religion]] or [[w:Religion in ancient Tamilakam|Tamil region]] for more.", parents = {"gods", "Hindu deities", "Tamil mythology"}, } labels["Tamil mythology"] = { type = "name", additional = "See [[w:Dravidian folk religion|Dravidian religion]] or [[w:Religion in ancient Tamilakam|Tamil region]] for more.", parents = {"mythology", "Hindu mythology", "Tamil Nadu, India"}, } labels["television"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 289, parents = {"mass media", "broadcasting"}, } labels["The Handmaid's Tale"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 25207350, displaytitle = "''The Handmaid's Tale''", description = "=the 1985 novel ''{{w|The Handmaid's Tale}}'' by {{w|Margaret Atwood}} and its [[w:The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)|television adaptation]] (2017–)", parents = {"Canadian fiction", "utopian and dystopian fiction", "literature"}, } labels["The Hunger Games"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 11679, displaytitle = "''The Hunger Games''", description = "=''{{w|The Hunger Games}}'' novel series by {{w|Suzanne Collins}} and its film adaptations", parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "utopian and dystopian fiction", "literature"}, } labels["The Matrix"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 83495, displaytitle = "''The Matrix''", description = "=''{{w|The Matrix}}''", parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "utopian and dystopian fiction"}, } labels["The Simpsons"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 886, displaytitle = "''The Simpsons''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from and/or related to the animated television series ''{{w|The Simpsons}}''.", parents = {"American fiction", "animation", "Disney"}, } labels["The Walking Dead"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 232737, displaytitle = "''The Walking Dead''", description = "=the television series ''[[w:The Walking Dead (TV series)|The Walking Dead]]'' (2010–2022) and the comic series from which it was adapted", parents = {"American fiction", "television", "utopian and dystopian fiction", "zombies"}, } labels["The Wizard of Oz"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 130295, displaytitle = "''The Wizard of Oz''", description = "=the fantasy novel ''{{w|The Wonderful Wizard of Oz}}'', subsequent books or films derived from it, such as the ''[[w:The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|1939 film]]''.", parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "literature"}, } labels["The X-Files"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2744, displaytitle = "''The X-Files''", description = "=the ''{{w|The X-Files}}'' franchise", parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "television"}, } labels["theater"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art", "entertainment"}, } labels["Thracian deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods"}, } labels["TikTok"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 48938223, description = "=the video-sharing and social-networking service {{w|TikTok}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["Tupi mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Brazil"}, } labels["Twilight (novel series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 44523, displaytitle = "''Twilight'' (novel series)", description = "=the ''[[w:Twilight (series)|Twilight]]'' franchise", parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "literature", "vampires"}, } labels["Twitter"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 918, description = "=the social networking and microblogging service {{w|Twitter}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["Tumblr"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 384060, description = "=the microblogging and social networking service {{w|Tumblr}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["utopian and dystopian fiction"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"speculative fiction"}, } labels["vampires"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore", "death", "horror", "blood"}, } labels["vampire lifestyle"] = { type = "related-to", description = "={{w|vampire lifestyle|the vampire lifestyle}} (i.e., a subculture which roleplays the stereotypical habits of vampires)", parents = {"subcultures", "vampires"}, } labels["Virtual YouTuber"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 55155641, description = "=[[virtual YouTuber]]s ([[VTuber]]s)", parents = {"YouTube", "Entertainment"}, } labels["web design"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"design", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["werewolves"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore", "shapeshifters", "horror"}, } labels["worldbuilding"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"narratology", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["Xena: Warrior Princess"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 38497, displaytitle = "''Xena: Warrior Princess''", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Xena: Warrior Princess}}'' (1995–2001)", parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "television"}, } labels["YouTube"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 866, description = "=the video-sharing website {{w|YouTube}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web", "Google"}, } labels["YouTube Poop"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 16927904, parents = {"YouTube", "Internet memes"}, } labels["zombies"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore", "death", "horror"}, } return labels s8j4esgk89qb5keh8ioyd43cphnuma6 488080 488075 2026-09-04T17:09:12Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने अनुप्रेषण छोड़े बिना पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/topic/culture]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/topic/Culture]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488074 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} labels["culture"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"society"}, } labels["A Christmas Carol"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 62879, displaytitle = "''A Christmas Carol''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used in the context of the tale ''{{w|A Christmas Carol}}'', by {{w|Charles Dickens}}, such as the names of its characters or author.", parents = {"British fiction", "Charles Dickens"}, } labels["A Song of Ice and Fire"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 45875, displaytitle = "''A Song of Ice and Fire''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in context of the ''{{w|Song of Ice and Fire}}'' novel series and its television adaptation ''{{w|Game of Thrones}}''.", parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "literature"}, } labels["acting"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["alternate history"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"speculative fiction", "history"}, } labels["American fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of American fiction", parents = {"fiction", "United States"}, } labels["animation"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mass media"}, } labels["Arabic fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]] of [[Arabic]] origin", parents = {"fiction"}, } labels["Arabian deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Arabian mythology"}, } labels["Arabian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["Armenian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Armenia"}, } labels["art"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["Arthurian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "United Kingdom"}, } labels["artistic works"] = { type = "name,type", parents = {"art"}, } labels["astrobiology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"astronomy", "biology", "geology"}, } labels["astrology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"divination", "pseudoscience", "obsolete scientific theories"}, } labels["Asturian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Asturias, Spain"}, } labels["Avatar: The Last Airbender"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 11572, displaytitle = "''Avatar: The Last Airbender''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from and/or related to the animated television series ''{{w|Avatar: The Last Airbender}}'' and its spin-off ''{{w|The Legend of Korra}}''.", parents = {"American fiction", "animation"}, } labels["Australian Aboriginal mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Australia"}, } labels["ballet"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"dance"}, } labels["Barbie"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 167447, description = "=the {{w|Barbie}} fashion doll produced by Mattel", parents = {"toys"}, } labels["Batman"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2695156, description = "=the fictional [[superhero]] [[Batman]]", parents = {"DC Comics", "fictional characters"}, } labels["bibliography"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"books"}, } labels["Bilibili"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 3077586, description = "=the video-sharing website {{w|bilibili}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["blogging"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"social media"}, } labels["Bluesky"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 78194383, description = "=the microblogging and social networking service {{w|Bluesky}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["body art"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art", "fashion"}, } labels["Bollywood"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 93196, parents = {"film", "India"}, } labels["books"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mass media", "literature"}, } labels["books of the Poetic Edda"] = { type = "name", displaytitle = "books of the ''Poetic Edda''", description = "=[[book]]s of the ''[[Poetic Edda]]''", parents = {"Norse mythology"}, } labels["Brazilian folklore"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"folklore", "Brazil"}, } labels["British fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]] of [[British]] origin", parents = {"fiction", "United Kingdom"}, } labels["Buffy the Vampire Slayer"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 183513, displaytitle = "''Buffy the Vampire Slayer''", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Buffy the Vampire Slayer}}'' (1997–2003)", parents = {"American fiction", "television", "vampires"}, } labels["Canadian fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]] of [[Canada|Canadian]] origin", parents = {"fiction", "Canada"}, } labels["calligraphy"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art", "writing"}, } labels["cartomancy"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"divination"}, } labels["castells"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=[[castell]]s, the Catalan tradition of human tower building", additional = "See {{w|castells}}.", parents = {"culture", "sports"}, } labels["celestial inhabitants"] = { type = "type", description = "=inhabitants of known [[celestial body|celestial bodies]]", parents = {"fictional characters", "science fiction", "demonyms"}, } labels["Celtic mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Ireland", "Wales"}, } labels["characters from folklore"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fictional characters", "folklore"}, } labels["cheerleading"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"dance", "gymnastics", "sports"}, } labels["Church of England"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default with the", parents = {"Anglicanism", "England"}, } labels["Chinese fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]], including [[anime]]s, [[manhua]]s, [[novel]]s, [[series]] and [[video game]]s, whose origin is of [[China]]", parents = {"fiction", "China"}, } labels["Chinese mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "China"}, } labels["cinematography"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"film"}, } labels["circus"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default no singularize", parents = {"entertainment", "theater"}, } labels["comedy"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"drama"}, } labels["comics"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default no singularize", parents = {"literature"}, } -- Confucianism: see [[Module:category tree/topic/Philosophy]] labels["conlanging"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=[[conlanging]] (the making of [[constructed language]]s)", parents = {"language", "culture"}, } labels["conspiracy theories"] = { type = "related-to,set", description = "=[[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] and theorists", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["constellations in the zodiac"] = { type = "name", description = "=the ring of [[constellations]] that line the [[ecliptic]], the apparent path of the [[Sun]] across the [[celestial sphere]] over the course of a year", parents = {"constellations", "astrology"}, } labels["cosmetics"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"toiletries", "fashion"}, } labels["cosplay"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fandom"}, } labels["dance"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art", "recreation"}, } labels["dances"] = { type = "type", parents = {"dance"}, } labels["DC Comics"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2924461, description = "={{w|DC Comics}}", parents = {"American fiction", "comics"}, } labels["demoscene"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "computing"}, } labels["design"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["dictionaries"] = { type = "type,name", parents = {"reference works", "lexicography"}, } labels["Disney"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 7414, description = "=the properties of {{w|The Walt Disney Company}}", additional = "This includes properties acquired jointly with or from other companies.", parents = {"American fiction", "comics", "film", "television"}, } labels["divination"] = { type = "type", parents = {"occult"}, } labels["Doctor Who"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 34316, displaytitle = "''Doctor Who''", description = "=the ''{{w|Doctor Who}}'' franchise", parents = {"British fiction", "science fiction", "television"}, } labels["Dracula"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 41542, displaytitle = "''Dracula''", description = "=the 1897 gothic horror novel ''{{w|Dracula}}'' by {{w|Bram Stoker}}, and its cultural derivations.", parents = {"fantasy", "literature", "vampires"}, } labels["dragons"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures"}, } labels["drama"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"theater"}, } labels["Egyptian deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Egyptian mythology"}, } labels["Egyptian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Ancient Egypt"}, } labels["entertainment"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["erotic literature"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fiction", "literary genres", "sex"}, } labels["Etruscan mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Etruria"}, } labels["European folklore"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"folklore", "Europe"}, } labels["fairy tale"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=[[fairy tale]]s", parents = {"fiction"}, } labels["fairy tale characters"] = { type = "name", description = "=[[fairy tale]] [[character]]s", parents = {"fictional characters", "fairy tale"}, } labels["fairy tales"] = { type = "name", parents = {"fairy tale"}, } labels["fan fiction"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fiction", "fandom", "literature"}, } labels["fandom"] = { type = "related-to", description = "{{{langname}}} terms arising from [[fandom]] culture.", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["fantasy"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[genre]] of [[fantasy]]", parents = {"fiction", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["fashion"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "clothing"}, } labels["faster-than-light travel"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"travel", "science fiction", "astrophysics", "relativity"}, } labels["Fediverse"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 30325419, description = "=the decentralised social networking services collectively known as the {{w|Fediverse}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=specific works of [[fiction]]", parents = {"artistic works"}, } labels["fictional abilities"] = { type = "related-to,type", description = "=fictional [[ability|abilities]] and [[superpower]]s", parents = {"fiction", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["fictional characters"] = { type = "name,type", parents = {"fiction"}, } labels["fictional locations"] = { type = "name,type", parents = {"fiction"}, } labels["fictional planets"] = { type = "name", parents = {"fictional locations"}, } labels["fictional universes"] = { type = "name,type", parents = {"fictional locations"}, } labels["film"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mass media", "entertainment"}, } labels["F/F ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} between two female characters.", parents = {"LGBTQ", "ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["film genres"] = { type = "type,related-to", parents = {"film", "genres"}, } labels["film industries"] = { type = "name", parents = {"film"}, } labels["Finnic mythology"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[mythology]] of the [[Finnic]] peoples", additional = "This includes (but is not limited to) [[Finnish]] and [[Estonian]] mythology.", parents = {"mythology", "Finland", "Estonia"}, } labels["flamenco"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"dance"}, } labels["folklore"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["furry fandom"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fandom", "subcultures"}, } labels["Germanic deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Germanic mythology"}, } labels["Germanic mythology"] = { type = "name", description = "=the [[mythology]] of the [[Germanic]] peoples", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["genres"] = { type = "type,related-to", description = "=[[genre]]s and genre classifications", parents = {"entertainment"}, wpcat = true, } labels["ghosts"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"afterlife", "supernatural", "characters from folklore", "death", "fantasy", "horror", "mythological creatures", "occult"}, } labels["Glee (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 152178, displaytitle = "''Glee'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''[[w:Glee (TV series)|Glee]]'' (2009–2015)", parents = {"American fiction", "television"}, } labels["graphic design"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"design"}, } labels["Greek deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Greek mythology"}, } labels["Greek mythology"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[mythology]] of [[Ancient Greece]]", parents = {"mythology", "Ancient Greece"}, } labels["Gulliver's Travels"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 181488, displaytitle = "''Gulliver's Travels''", description = "=''[[w:Gulliver's Travels|Gulliver’s Travels]]''", parents = {"literature"}, } labels["Harry Potter"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 8337, displaytitle = "''Harry Potter''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in context of the ''{{w|Harry Potter}}'' franchise.", parents = {"British fiction", "fantasy", "literature", "fictional characters"}, } labels["Hawaiian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Hawaii, USA"}, } labels["F/M ships"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} between female and male characters.", parents = {"ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["Hindu deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Hindu mythology"}, } labels["Hindu mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Hinduism"}, } labels["Homestuck"] = { type = "related-to", displaytitle ="''Homestuck''", wikidata = 2618713, description = "=the ''{{w|Homestuck}}'' multimedia fiction series", parents = {"American fiction", "comics"}, } labels["Hopi culture"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "United States"}, } labels["horror"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[horror]] [[genre]]", parents = {"literature", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["humanities"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default no singularize", parents = {"culture"}, commonscat = true; } labels["incestuous ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} involving fictional incestuous relationships.", parents = {"incest", "ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["idol fandom"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"fandom"}, } labels["Instagram"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 209330, description = "=the photo sharing and social networking service [[Instagram]]", parents = {"photography", "social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["Iranian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Iran"}, } labels["Irish mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"Celtic mythology", "Ireland"}, } labels["James Bond"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 844, displaytitle = "''James Bond''", description = "=the ''[[James Bond]]'' franchise", parents = {"British fiction", "film"}, } labels["Japanese deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Japanese mythology"}, } labels["Japanese fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]], including [[anime]]s, [[manga]]s, [[novel]]s, [[series]] and [[video game]]s, whose origin is of [[Japan]]", parents = {"fiction", "Japan"}, } labels["Japanese mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Japan"}, } labels["job titles in Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = { type = "type", displaytitle = "job titles in ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''", description = "=job titles in ''{{w|Romance of the Three Kingdoms}}''", parents = {"Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "titles"}, } labels["journalism"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"writing"}, } labels["Kachinas"] = { type = "name", parents = {"Hopi culture"}, } labels["Komi mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Komi, Russia"}, } labels["Korean fiction"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=works of [[fiction]], including [[anime]]s, [[manhwa]]s, [[novel]]s, [[series]] and [[video game]]s, whose origin is of [[Korea]]", parents = {"fiction", "Korea"}, } labels["Korean mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Korea"}, } labels["literary genres"] = { type = "type", description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[literary]] [[genre]]s.", parents = {"literature", "fiction", "genres"}, } labels["literature"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "entertainment", "writing"}, } labels["Lost (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 23567, displaytitle = "''Lost'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Lost (2004 TV series)|Lost}}'' (2004–2010)", parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "television"}, } labels["Lovecraftian horror"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2448865, description = "=the [[literature|literary]] works of {{w|H. P. Lovecraft}}", parents = {"horror", "literature", "fiction", "supernatural"}, } labels["magic"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"supernatural"}, } labels["magic words"] = { type = "set", wikidata = 1135882, description = "{{{langname}}} magic words; terms that serve the purpose of effectively or apparently triggering a [[magical]] or [[illusionist]] event.", parents = {"plot devices", "fiction"}, } labels["manga genres"] = { type = "type", description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[manga]] [[genre]]s.", parents = {"literary genres"}, } labels["marriage"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture", "family"}, } labels["Marvel Comics"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 173496, description = "={{w|Marvel Comics}}", parents = {"American fiction", "comics"}, } labels["mass media"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"media", "culture"}, } labels["Meitei deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Meitei mythology"}, } labels["Meitei mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Manipur, India"}, } labels["merpeople"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythological creatures"}, } labels["Mesopotamian deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Mesopotamian mythology"}, } labels["Mesopotamian mythology"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[mythology]] of ancient [[Mesopotamia]]", parents = {"mythology", "Ancient Near East"}, } labels["M/M ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} between two male characters.", parents = {"LGBTQ", "ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["modern art"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["Mongolian tribes"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names for Mongolian tribes.", parents = {"ethnonyms", "Mongolia"}, } labels["moustaches"] = { type = "type", parents = {"face", "fashion", "hair"}, } labels["My Hero Academia"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 18047903, displaytitle ="''My Hero Academia''", description = "=the ''{{w|My Hero Academia}}'' series", parents = {"Japanese fiction", "animation", "comics"}, } labels["My Little Pony"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 1071312, displaytitle = "''My Little Pony''", description = "=the ''{{w|My Little Pony}}'' franchise (which includes toys and animated series) and its fandom", parents = {"American fiction", "animation", "toys"}, } labels["mythological creatures"] = { type = "type", parents = {"mythology", "fantasy"}, } labels["mythological figures"] = { type = "name", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["mythological locations"] = { type = "name", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["mythological plants"] = { type = "type,name", parents = {"mythology", "plants"}, } labels["mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["narratology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"literature", "drama"}, } labels["Navajo mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["newspapers"] = { type = "name", parents = {"periodicals"}, } labels["Niconico"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 697233, description = "=the video-sharing website {{w|Niconico}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["Norse deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Germanic deities", "Norse mythology"}, } labels["Norse mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Germanic mythology"}, } labels["occult"] = { type = "related-to", description = "default with the", parents = {"supernatural", "paranormal"}, } labels["omegaverse"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 96397374, description = "=the [[omegaverse]] genre", parents = {"erotic literature", "fan fiction", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["Omori"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 105618699, displaytitle ="''Omori''", description = "=the ''{{w|Omori (video game)|Omori}}'' series", parents = {"American fiction", "video games"}, } labels["Once Upon a Time"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 23673, displaytitle = "''Once Upon a Time''", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon a Time}}'' (2011–2018)", parents = {"American fiction", "Disney", "television"}, } labels["otherkin"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[otherkin]] subculture", parents = {"subcultures", "mysticism"}, } labels["painting"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["palmistry"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"divination"}, } labels["parties"] = { type = "type,related-to", parents = {"entertainment", "culture"}, } labels["people in Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = { type = "name", displaytitle = "people in ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''", description = "=people in ''{{w|Romance of the Three Kingdoms}}''", parents = {"Romance of the Three Kingdoms"}, } labels["perfumes"] = { type = "type,set", parents = {"fashion", "scents", "perfumery"}, } labels["periodicals"] = { type = "type,related-to", parents = {"mass media", "literature"}, } labels["personifications"] = { type = "name", parents = {"narratology"}, } labels["places in Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = { type = "name", displaytitle = "places in ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''", description = "=places in ''{{w|Romance of the Three Kingdoms}}''", parents = {"Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "China"}, } labels["plot devices"] = { type = "type", parents = {"narratology", "fiction"}, } labels["poetry"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"literature", "art"}, } labels["polyamorous ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} between three or more characters.", parents = {"ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["Private Eye"] = { type = "related-to", displaytitle = "''Private Eye''", description = "=the ''{{w|Private Eye}}'' franchise", parents = {"British fiction"}, } labels["Reddit"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2195701, description = "=the social news aggregation and discussion website {{w|Reddit}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["reference works"] = { type = "type", parents = {"books"}, } labels["Roman deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Roman mythology"}, } labels["Roman mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Ancient Rome"}, } labels["romance fiction"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"literary genres", "love"}, } labels["Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 70806, displaytitle = "''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''", description = "=''{{w|Romance of the Three Kingdoms}}''", parents = {"fiction", "literature", "China"}, } labels["RPF ships (fandom)"] = { type = "name", description = "{{{langname}}} names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} involving real people in a fictional relationship.", additional = "For actual relationships between real people, see [[:Category:Couple nicknames]].", parents = {"ships (fandom) by relationship type"}, } labels["science fiction"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"speculative fiction", "fiction"}, } labels["SCP Foundation"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 17439649, description = "English terms related to the SCP Wiki collaborative writing website and its setting of the {{w|SCP Foundation}}.", parents = {"fantasy", "fiction", "horror", "science fiction", "supernatural"}, } labels["sculpture"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art"}, } labels["Shahnameh"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 8279, displaytitle = "''Shahnameh''", description = "=''Shahnameh''", parents = {"fiction", "poetry", "literature", "Persia"}, } labels["Shahnameh characters"] = { type = "name", description = "=characters in the [[Shahnameh]]", parents = {"Shahnameh"}, } labels["shapeshifters"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore"}, } labels["Sherlock Holmes"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2316684, description = "=the [[Sherlock Holmes]] stories by {{w|Arthur Conan Doyle}} and adaptations of them", parents = {"British fiction", "literature"}, } labels["Sherlock (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 192837, displaytitle = "''Sherlock'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''[[w:Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]'' (2010–2017)", parents = {"Sherlock Holmes", "television"}, } labels["shipping (fandom)"] = { type = "related-to", description = "={{l|en|ship|shipping|id=fandomverb}} (i.e., in [[fandom]], supporting a fictional romantic relationship between two characters)", parents = {"fandom", "romance fiction"}, } labels["ships (fandom)"] = { type = "grouping", description = "=names used in [[fandom]] for specific {{l|en|ship|ships|id=fandomnoun}} i.e., a fictional relationship between two fictional characters or real people)", parents = {"shipping (fandom)"}, } labels["ships (fandom) by relationship type"] = { type = "grouping", description = "={{l|en|ship|ship|id=fandomnoun}} names organized by the type of relationship (e.g, [[heterosexual]], [[homosexual]], etc.)", parents = {"ships (fandom)"}, } labels["shippers (fandom)"] = { type = "type", description = "=[[shipper]]s (i.e., people who support a romantic or sexual relationship between characters or real people)", parents = {"shipping (fandom)"}, } labels["Slavic deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods", "Slavic mythology"}, } labels["Slavic mythology"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=the [[mythology]] of the [[Slav]]s", parents = {"mythology"}, } labels["Smallville (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 180228, displaytitle = "''Smallville'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Smallville}}'' (2001–2011)", parents = {"American fiction", "Superman", "television"}, } labels["social media"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 202833, parents = {"mass media", "Internet"}, } labels["South Korean idol fandom"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 39086123, description = "=[[South Korea|South Korean]] [[idol]] [[fandom]]", parents = {"idol fandom", "South Korea"}, } labels["South Park"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 16538, displaytitle = "''South Park''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from and/or related to the animated television series ''{{w|South Park}}''.", parents = {"American fiction", "animation"}, } labels["Star Trek"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 1092, displaytitle = "''Star Trek''", description = "=the ''{{w|Star Trek}}'' franchise", parents = {"American fiction", "film", "science fiction", "television"}, } labels["Star Wars"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 462, displaytitle = "''Star Wars''", description = "=the ''{{w|Star Wars}}'' franchise", parents = {"American fiction", "film", "science fiction", "Disney"}, } labels["Steven Universe"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 7615342, displaytitle = "''Steven Universe''", description = "=the animated television series ''{{w|Steven Universe}}''", parents = {"American fiction", "animation"}, } labels["stock characters"] = { type = "type", wikidata = 636497, parents = {"fictional characters"}, } labels["speculative fiction"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 9326077, parents = {"fiction", "genres"}, } labels["spider fighting"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 7577058, description = "={{w|spider fighting}}", parents = {"spiders", "human activity"}, } labels["subcultures"] = { type = "related-to", description = "=[[subculture]]s", parents = {"culture"}, } labels["superheroes"] = { type = "name", wikidata = 188784, description = "=[[superhero]]es", parents = {"fictional characters"}, } labels["Superman"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 79015, description = "=the fictional [[superhero]] [[Superman]]", parents = {"DC Comics", "fictional characters"}, } labels["supernatural"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 80837, description = "default with the", parents = {"folklore"}, } labels["Supernatural (TV series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 130585, displaytitle = "''Supernatural'' (TV series)", description = "=the television series ''[[w:Supernatural (American TV series)|Supernatural]]'' (2005–2020)", parents = {"American fiction", "television"}, } labels["Tamil deities"] = { type = "name", additional = "See [[w:Dravidian folk religion|Dravidian religion]] or [[w:Religion in ancient Tamilakam|Tamil region]] for more.", parents = {"gods", "Hindu deities", "Tamil mythology"}, } labels["Tamil mythology"] = { type = "name", additional = "See [[w:Dravidian folk religion|Dravidian religion]] or [[w:Religion in ancient Tamilakam|Tamil region]] for more.", parents = {"mythology", "Hindu mythology", "Tamil Nadu, India"}, } labels["television"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 289, parents = {"mass media", "broadcasting"}, } labels["The Handmaid's Tale"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 25207350, displaytitle = "''The Handmaid's Tale''", description = "=the 1985 novel ''{{w|The Handmaid's Tale}}'' by {{w|Margaret Atwood}} and its [[w:The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)|television adaptation]] (2017–)", parents = {"Canadian fiction", "utopian and dystopian fiction", "literature"}, } labels["The Hunger Games"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 11679, displaytitle = "''The Hunger Games''", description = "=''{{w|The Hunger Games}}'' novel series by {{w|Suzanne Collins}} and its film adaptations", parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "utopian and dystopian fiction", "literature"}, } labels["The Matrix"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 83495, displaytitle = "''The Matrix''", description = "=''{{w|The Matrix}}''", parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "utopian and dystopian fiction"}, } labels["The Simpsons"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 886, displaytitle = "''The Simpsons''", description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from and/or related to the animated television series ''{{w|The Simpsons}}''.", parents = {"American fiction", "animation", "Disney"}, } labels["The Walking Dead"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 232737, displaytitle = "''The Walking Dead''", description = "=the television series ''[[w:The Walking Dead (TV series)|The Walking Dead]]'' (2010–2022) and the comic series from which it was adapted", parents = {"American fiction", "television", "utopian and dystopian fiction", "zombies"}, } labels["The Wizard of Oz"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 130295, displaytitle = "''The Wizard of Oz''", description = "=the fantasy novel ''{{w|The Wonderful Wizard of Oz}}'', subsequent books or films derived from it, such as the ''[[w:The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|1939 film]]''.", parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "literature"}, } labels["The X-Files"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 2744, displaytitle = "''The X-Files''", description = "=the ''{{w|The X-Files}}'' franchise", parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "television"}, } labels["theater"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"art", "entertainment"}, } labels["Thracian deities"] = { type = "name", parents = {"gods"}, } labels["TikTok"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 48938223, description = "=the video-sharing and social-networking service {{w|TikTok}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["Tupi mythology"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"mythology", "Brazil"}, } labels["Twilight (novel series)"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 44523, displaytitle = "''Twilight'' (novel series)", description = "=the ''[[w:Twilight (series)|Twilight]]'' franchise", parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "literature", "vampires"}, } labels["Twitter"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 918, description = "=the social networking and microblogging service {{w|Twitter}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["Tumblr"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 384060, description = "=the microblogging and social networking service {{w|Tumblr}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["utopian and dystopian fiction"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"speculative fiction"}, } labels["vampires"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore", "death", "horror", "blood"}, } labels["vampire lifestyle"] = { type = "related-to", description = "={{w|vampire lifestyle|the vampire lifestyle}} (i.e., a subculture which roleplays the stereotypical habits of vampires)", parents = {"subcultures", "vampires"}, } labels["Virtual YouTuber"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 55155641, description = "=[[virtual YouTuber]]s ([[VTuber]]s)", parents = {"YouTube", "Entertainment"}, } labels["web design"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"design", "World Wide Web"}, } labels["werewolves"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore", "shapeshifters", "horror"}, } labels["worldbuilding"] = { type = "related-to", parents = {"narratology", "speculative fiction"}, } labels["Xena: Warrior Princess"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 38497, displaytitle = "''Xena: Warrior Princess''", description = "=the television series ''{{w|Xena: Warrior Princess}}'' (1995–2001)", parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "television"}, } labels["YouTube"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 866, description = "=the video-sharing website {{w|YouTube}}", parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web", "Google"}, } labels["YouTube Poop"] = { type = "related-to", wikidata = 16927904, parents = {"YouTube", "Internet memes"}, } labels["zombies"] = { type = "related-to,type", parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore", "death", "horror"}, } return labels s8j4esgk89qb5keh8ioyd43cphnuma6 828 307065 488076 2026-09-04T17:06:02Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/topic/संस्कृति]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/topic/culture]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488076 Scribunto text/plain return require [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/topic/culture]] dhn5sqv50h6ixdpy0y9izj6s4ma019j 488081 488076 2026-09-04T17:09:20Z SM7 6218 corrected 488081 Scribunto text/plain return require [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/topic/Culture]] 15ws1yhgv8lssmrbfq1sprgplf1agl0 828 307066 488077 2026-09-04T17:06:33Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488077 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} labels["miscellaneous"] = { type = "grouping", description = "{{{langname}}} topics that do not currently fit elsewhere.", parents = {"all topics"}, } labels["collectives"] = { type = "set", description = "=[[entity|entities]] involving or consisting of a [[congregation]] or [[membership]]", parents = {"miscellaneous"}, } return labels d5ubr801yntpm4rr035twu7kz5zv6b7 488078 488077 2026-09-04T17:07:02Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/topic/विविध]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/topic/Miscellaneous]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488077 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} labels["miscellaneous"] = { type = "grouping", description = "{{{langname}}} topics that do not currently fit elsewhere.", parents = {"all topics"}, } labels["collectives"] = { type = "set", description = "=[[entity|entities]] involving or consisting of a [[congregation]] or [[membership]]", parents = {"miscellaneous"}, } return labels d5ubr801yntpm4rr035twu7kz5zv6b7 828 307067 488079 2026-09-04T17:07:02Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/topic/विविध]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/topic/Miscellaneous]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488079 Scribunto text/plain return require [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/topic/Miscellaneous]] 2kxojul50qvouh7pa9xdna4m9zo4dw9 828 307068 488091 2026-09-04T19:56:52Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488091 Scribunto text/plain local m = {} m["pab"] = { aliases = {"Parecis", "Parecís", "Paresi", "Paresí"}, } m["pac"] = { } m["pad"] = { } m["pae"] = { } m["paf"] = { } m["pag"] = { } m["pah"] = { varieties = {"Parintintín"}, } m["pai"] = { } m["pak"] = { aliases = {"Awaeté"}, } m["pal"] = { aliases = {"Pahlavi", "Manichaean Middle Persian"}, } m["pam"] = { aliases = {"Pampango"}, } m["pao"] = { aliases = {"Numu", "Numa", "Paviotso", "Mono-Paviotso", "Mono-Bannock", "Bannock"}, } m["pap"] = { aliases = {"Papiamento"}, } m["paq"] = { } m["par"] = { aliases = {"Panamint Shoshone", "Timbisha", "Tümpisha", "Koso"}, } m["pas"] = { } m["pau"] = { } m["pav"] = { } m["paw"] = { } m["pax"] = { aliases = {"Pancaré", "Pankaré", "Pankarare", "Pancare", "Pankare"}, } m["pay"] = { } m["paz"] = { aliases = {"Pankararu", "Pankarú", "Pankaru", "Pankarurú", "Pankaruru", "Pancaru", "Pankaroru", "Brancararu"}, } m["pbb"] = { } m["pbc"] = { } m["pbe"] = { } m["pbf"] = { } m["pbg"] = { } m["pbh"] = { } m["pbi"] = { aliases = {"Parkwa", "Parəkwa"}, } m["pbl"] = { aliases = {"Mak"}, varieties = {"Panya", "Zo"}, } m["pbm"] = { aliases = {"Mazateco de Puebla y del Noroeste"}, } m["pbn"] = { } m["pbo"] = { } m["pbp"] = { } m["pbr"] = { } m["pbs"] = { } m["pbv"] = { } m["pby"] = { aliases = {"Papuan Pyu", "Pyu (Papua New Guinea)"}, -- distinguish from 'pyx' pseudo_families = "paa", } m["pca"] = { } m["pcb"] = { } m["pcc"] = { aliases = {"Buyi", "Buyei", "Puyi", "Giay", "Yay"}, } m["pcd"] = { aliases = {"Patois"}, varieties = {{"Chti", "Ch'ti", "Chtimi", "Ch'timi"}, {"Rouchi", "Rouchy"}, "Roubaignot"}, } m["pce"] = { } m["pcf"] = { } m["pcg"] = { } m["pch"] = { } m["pci"] = { } m["pcj"] = { } m["pck"] = { aliases = {"Paite Chin", "Paithe", "Parte"}, varieties = {{"Lamjang", "Lamzang"}, {"Dapjal", "Dapzal"}} -- per Singh, 2006 } m["pcl"] = { } m["pcm"] = { } m["pcn"] = { } m["pcp"] = { } m["pcw"] = { } m["pda"] = { } m["pdc"] = { aliases = {"Pennsylvania Dutch"}, } m["pdi"] = { } m["pdn"] = { } m["pdo"] = { } m["pdt"] = { aliases = {"Mennonite Low German", "Russian Mennonite Low German", "Chortitza", "Molotschna", "Chortica", "Molotcha"}, } m["pdu"] = { aliases = {"Padaung", "Padaung Karen"}, } m["pea"] = { } m["peb"] = { } m["ped"] = { aliases = {"Mala (Papua New Guinea)", "Mala"}, } m["pee"] = { } m["pef"] = { } m["peg"] = { } m["peh"] = { } m["pei"] = { } m["pej"] = { } m["pek"] = { } m["pel"] = { } m["pem"] = { } m["peo"] = { } m["pep"] = { aliases = {"Kánchá"}, -- Glottolog's name } m["peq"] = { } -- "pes" is treated as "fa" (or as etymology-only), see [[WT:LT]] m["pev"] = { } m["pex"] = { } m["pey"] = { } m["pez"] = { } m["pfa"] = { } m["pfe"] = { aliases = {"Kutin"}, varieties = {{"Paara", "Páárá"}, "Paara Muura", "Zongbi", "Dan Muura"}, -- per Binam Bikoi, editor, 2012 } m["pga"] = { } m["pgd"] = { aliases = {"Gāndhārī", "Gāndhārī Prakrit"}, } m["pgg"] = { } m["pgi"] = { varieties = {"Eastern Pagi", "Western Pagi"}, } m["pgk"] = { } m["pgl"] = { } m["pgn"] = { } m["pgs"] = { } m["pgu"] = { varieties = {"Isam", "Nuclear Pagu", "Toliwiku"}, } m["pgz"] = { aliases = {"Papua New Guinea Sign Language", "Melanesian Sign Language", "PNGSL"}, } m["pha"] = { } m["phd"] = { } m["phg"] = { } m["phh"] = { } m["phj"] = { aliases = {"Pahari"}, } m["phk"] = { aliases = {"Tai Phake"}, } m["phl"] = { aliases = {"Phalura", "Palola", "Phalulo", "Ashreti", "Dangarikwar"}, } m["phm"] = { } m["phn"] = { } m["pho"] = { } m["phq"] = { } m["phr"] = { aliases = {"Pothohari", "Pothwari"}, } m["pht"] = { } m["phu"] = { } m["phv"] = { } m["phw"] = { } m["pia"] = { } m["pib"] = { aliases = {"Piro", "Pirro", "Pira", "Chontaquiro", "Contaquiro", "Simirinche", "Simiranch"}, varieties = {"Machinere", {"Canamaré", "Kanamaré", "Kanamari", "Canamirim"}}, } m["pic"] = { } m["pid"] = { } m["pie"] = { } m["pif"] = { } m["pig"] = { } m["pih"] = { aliases = {"Pitkern-Norfuk"}, varieties = {{"Pitcairn", "Pitkern"}, {"Norfolk", "Norfuk"}}, } m["pij"] = { } m["pil"] = { } m["pim"] = { } m["pin"] = { } m["pio"] = { } m["pip"] = { } m["pir"] = { } m["pis"] = { aliases = {"Kanaka", "Neo-Solomonic", "Solomons Pidgin"}, } m["pit"] = { aliases = {"Pitta Pitta"}, } m["piu"] = { } m["piv"] = { aliases = {"Vaeakau-Taumako"}, } m["piw"] = { } m["pix"] = { } m["piy"] = { } m["piz"] = { } m["pjt"] = { } m["pkb"] = { } m["pkc"] = { } m["pkg"] = { } m["pkh"] = { aliases = {"Pankho", "Pangkhua", "Pangkho", "Pangkhu", "Panko"}, } m["pkn"] = { } m["pko"] = { } m["pkp"] = { } m["pkr"] = { } m["pks"] = { aliases = {"Pakistani Sign Language"}, } m["pkt"] = { } m["pku"] = { } m["pla"] = { } m["plb"] = { } m["plc"] = { } m["ple"] = { } m["plg"] = { aliases = {"Pilacá"}, } m["plh"] = { } m["plj"] = { } m["plk"] = { } m["pll"] = { } m["pln"] = { } m["plo"] = { } m["plq"] = { } m["plr"] = { } m["pls"] = { } m["plu"] = { aliases = {"Palikúr", "Palicur"}, } m["plv"] = { } m["plw"] = { } m["ply"] = { } m["plz"] = { } m["pma"] = { aliases = {"Paama"}, } m["pmb"] = { } m["pmd"] = { } m["pme"] = { aliases = {"Pwaamei", "Poamei"}, } m["pmf"] = { aliases = {"Poso", "Bare'e"}, } m["pmi"] = { aliases = {"Northern Prinmi", "Northern Pimi"}, } m["pmj"] = { aliases = {"Southern Prinmi", "Southern Pimi"}, } m["pmk"] = { } m["pml"] = { aliases = {"Mediterranean Lingua Franca", "Lingua Franca"}, } m["pmm"] = { aliases = {"Pol Pomo"}, varieties = {"Pomo"}, } m["pmn"] = { } m["pmo"] = { } m["pmq"] = { } m["pmr"] = { aliases = {"Paynamar"}, } m["pms"] = { } m["pmt"] = { } m["pmw"] = { } m["pmx"] = { } m["pmy"] = { } m["pmz"] = { } m["pna"] = { } m["pnc"] = { } m["pnd"] = { } m["pne"] = { } m["png"] = { } m["pnh"] = { aliases = {"Tongareva", "Tongarewa", "Penrhynese", "Mangarongaro"}, } m["pni"] = { } m["pnj"] = { } m["pnk"] = { aliases = {"Paunaca", "Pauna"}, } m["pnl"] = { } m["pnm"] = { } m["pnn"] = { varieties = {"Luya-Ginam-Mamusi", "Pinai"}, } m["pno"] = { } m["pnp"] = { } m["pnq"] = { aliases = {"Pana (Burkina Faso)", "Pana"}, } m["pnr"] = { } m["pns"] = { } m["pnt"] = { aliases = {"Pontic"}, } m["pnu"] = { aliases = {"Kiong Nai"}, } m["pnv"] = { } m["pnw"] = { } m["pnx"] = { } m["pny"] = { } m["pnz"] = { aliases = {"Pana (Central African Republic)", "Pana"}, } m["poc"] = { } m["poe"] = { } m["pof"] = { } m["pog"] = { } m["poh"] = { } m["poi"] = { aliases = {"Sierra Popoluca", "Highland Zoque"}, } m["pok"] = { } m["pom"] = { } m["pon"] = { } m["poo"] = { } m["pop"] = { aliases = {"Pwapwa", "Poapoa"}, } m["poq"] = { } m["pos"] = { } m["pot"] = { aliases = {"Pottawatomie"}, } m["pov"] = { aliases = {"Upper Guinea Creole", "Upper Guinea Crioulo", "Kriol", "Crioulo", "Kriolu", "Kriyol", "Kiriol"}, } m["pow"] = { } m["pox"] = { } m["poy"] = { } m["ppa"] = { } m["ppe"] = { } m["ppi"] = { aliases = {"Akwa'ala"}, } m["ppk"] = { } m["ppl"] = { aliases = {"Nahuat", "Náhuat", "Nawat", "Náwat"}, } m["ppm"] = { } m["ppn"] = { } m["ppo"] = { aliases = {"Podopa", "Polopa", "Podoba", "Foraba"}, -- varieties per Glottolog varieties = {"Aurei", {"Bara", "Bara (Papua New Guinea)"}, {"Boro", "Boro (Papua New Guinea)"}, "Keba-Wopasali", "Kewah", "Pupitau", "Ro", "Sesa", "Siligi", "Sopese", {"Suri", "Suri (Papua New Guinea)"}, "Tebera", "Waraga"}, } m["ppq"] = { } m["pps"] = { } m["ppt"] = { aliases = {"Pari", "Pare", "Akium-Pare"}, } m["ppu"] = { aliases = {"Hinapavosa", "Papora-Hoanya"}, varieties = {"Hoanya", {"Papola", "Paporan", "Bupuran", "Vupuran"}}, } m["pqa"] = { } m["pqm"] = { varieties = {{"Malecite", "Maliseet", "Wolastoqey"}, "Passamaquoddy"}, } m["pra"] = { } m["prc"] = { } -- "prd" is not included, see [[WT:LT]] m["pre"] = { } m["prf"] = { } m["prg"] = { aliases = {"Prussian"}, } m["prh"] = { } m["pri"] = { } m["prk"] = { } m["prl"] = { } m["prm"] = { varieties = {"Aird Hills", "Porome"}, } m["prn"] = { } m["pro"] = { aliases = {"Old Provençal", "Old Provencal"}, } -- "prp" is not included, see [[WT:LT]] m["prq"] = { aliases = {"Ashéninka Perené"}, } m["prr"] = { } -- "prs" is treated as "fa" (or as etymology-only), see [[WT:LT]] m["prt"] = { aliases = {"Prai", "Pray", "Phray"}, } m["pru"] = { } m["prw"] = { } m["prx"] = { } m["prz"] = { aliases = {"Providence Island Sign Language"}, } m["psa"] = { aliases = {"West Awyu"}, varieties = {{"Pisà", "Pisa"}, {"Asue", "Asuwe"}, "Miaro"}, } m["psc"] = { } m["psd"] = { } m["pse"] = { aliases = {"South Barisan Malay"}, -- 'Middle Malay' is ambigous with period. } m["psg"] = { } m["psh"] = { } m["psi"] = { aliases = {"Southeastern Pashayi", "Southeastern Pashai", "Southeast Pashai"}, } m["psl"] = { } m["psm"] = { aliases = {"Guarasugwé", "Warázu"}, } m["psn"] = { } m["pso"] = { } m["psp"] = { } m["psq"] = { } m["psr"] = { } m["pss"] = { } m["psw"] = { } m["psy"] = { } m["pta"] = { } m["pth"] = { } m["pti"] = { } m["ptn"] = { } m["pto"] = { aliases = {"Jo'é"}, } m["ptp"] = { } m["ptq"] = { } m["ptr"] = { } m["ptt"] = { } m["ptu"] = { } m["ptv"] = { aliases = {"Daakie"}, } m["ptw"] = { } m["pty"] = { } m["pua"] = { aliases = {"Tarascan", "Tarasco", "P'urhepecha", "Purépecha", "P'urhépecha", "Phorhépecha", "Phorhé", "Porhé"}, } m["pub"] = { aliases = {"Purum Naga"}, } m["puc"] = { } m["pud"] = { } m["pue"] = { } m["puf"] = { } m["pug"] = { } m["pui"] = { aliases = {"Puinabe", "Wãnsöhöt", "Guipunave", "Güipunave", "Waipunavi", "Guaipunabi"}, varieties = {{"Macú", "Macu"}}, } m["puj"] = { } m["pum"] = { } m["puo"] = { } m["pup"] = { } m["puq"] = { } m["pur"] = { aliases = {"Aurã", "Cujubim", "Burubora", "Kuyubi", "Migueleno", "Miguelenho", "Pumbora", "Puroborá", "Puruba"}, } m["put"] = { } m["puu"] = { } m["puw"] = { aliases = {"Puluwatese"}, } m["pux"] = { } m["puy"] = { } m["pwa"] = { varieties = {"Aurama", "Hauruha"}, pseudo_families = "paa", } m["pwb"] = { } m["pwg"] = { } m["pwi"] = { aliases = {"Patween"}, varieties = {{"River Patwin", "Valley Patwin"}, "Hill Patwin", "Southern Patwin"}, } m["pwm"] = { } m["pwn"] = { } m["pwo"] = { aliases = {"Delta Pwo", "Western Pwo Karen"}, } m["pwr"] = { } m["pww"] = { aliases = {"Phlong", "Northern Pwo Karen"}, } m["pxm"] = { } m["pye"] = { } m["pym"] = { aliases = {"Fyem", "Pyem"}, } m["pyn"] = { aliases = {"Poyanawa"}, } m["pys"] = { } m["pyu"] = { } m["pyx"] = { aliases = {"Tircul"}, } m["pyy"] = { aliases = {"Hpyin", "Phen"}, } m["pzh"] = { other_names = {"Pazih"}, } m["pzn"] = { } return m 8758col37v76dc63hn57ib4hueawg1t 828 307069 488093 2026-09-04T19:58:46Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488093 Scribunto text/plain local table_get_unprotected_metatable = "Module:table/getUnprotectedMetatable" local error = error local ipairs = ipairs local ipairs_iter = ipairs{} local pcall = pcall local rawget = rawget local type = type local function get_unprotected_metatable(...) get_unprotected_metatable = require(table_get_unprotected_metatable) return get_unprotected_metatable(...) end local current = {} -- Iterator used when there is no __ipairs metamethod to deal with. local function default_iter(t, i) i = i + 1 local v = t[i] if v ~= nil then return i, v end end local function index_ipairs(t) if current[t] then return ipairs_iter, t, 0 end local mt = get_unprotected_metatable(t) if mt == nil then return ipairs_iter, t, 0 elseif not mt then current[t] = true -- Use pcall(), so that `t` can always be unset from `current`. local success, iter, state, init = pcall(ipairs, t) current[t] = nil -- If there was an error, raise it. if not success then error(iter) end return iter, state, init end -- Iterate up through __index metamethods. local parent repeat -- If an __ipairs metamethod is found, use the custom iterator. local ipairs_mm = rawget(mt, "__ipairs") if not (ipairs_mm == nil or ipairs_mm == index_ipairs) then break end -- If __index isn't a table, use default_iter(). parent = rawget(mt, "__index") if not (parent and type(parent) == "table") then return default_iter, t, 0 end -- If there's no metatable, use default_iter(). mt = get_unprotected_metatable(parent) if mt == nil then return default_iter, t, 0 end -- get_unprotected_metatable() will return false if the metatable is -- protected, which means there could be an __ipairs metamethod, so use the -- custom iterator. until not mt local iter, state return function(t, i) local new_i = i + 1 local v = t[new_i] if v ~= nil then return new_i, v -- Use iter() as a fallback. elseif iter == nil then iter, state = ipairs(parent) end return iter(state, i) end, t, 0 end return index_ipairs 8r3dgh93aivb4vx7t0eff6tqdguttv8 828 307070 488096 2026-09-04T20:03:29Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488096 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} labels["Central Assam"] = { aliases = {"central Assam", "Central Assamese", "central Assamese"}, regional_categories = "Central", } labels["Central Standard"] = { regional_categories = true, } labels["Eastern Standard"] = { regional_categories = true, } labels["Kamrupi"] = { aliases = {"Kamruipa", "Kamrupiya", "Kamrup"}, Wikipedia = "Kamrupi dialects", regional_categories = true, } return require("Module:labels").finalize_data(labels) esyb7d82g5u2mpnv7g4z00g4jbjkwiz 828 307071 488098 2026-09-04T20:19:24Z SM7 6218 creating per en 488098 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} labels["आरा"] = { aliases = {"शाहाबाद"}, display = "आरा", Wikipedia = "आरा", regional_categories = "आरा" } labels["बनारसी"] = { aliases = {"वाराणसी"}, display = "बनारसी", Wikipedia = "वाराणसी", regional_categories = "बनारसी" } labels["गोरखपुरी"] = { aliases = {"गोरखपुर"}, display = "गोरखपुरी", Wikipedia = "गोरखपुर", regional_categories = "गोरखपुरी" } return require("Module:labels").finalize_data(labels) rclxvu03k1httxacx194mphiglaitev 828 307072 488099 2026-09-04T20:23:56Z SM7 6218 अंग्रेजी विक्षनरी से आयातित 488099 Scribunto text/plain return { ["ALUPEC Kabuverdianu"] = "kea-alu", ["Abhiri"] = "pra-abh", ["Abron"] = "abr", ["Abuzeydabadi"] = "xme-abz", ["Abyanehi"] = "xme-aby", ["Acadian French"] = "fr-aca", ["Achaemenid Elamite"] = "elx-ach", ["Achterhoeks"] = "act", ["Adamawa Fulfulde"] = "fub", ["Addu Dhivehi"] = "dv-add", ["Aeolic Greek"] = "grc-aeo", ["Afghan Uzbek"] = "uz-afg", ["African Romance"] = "la-afr", ["Afridi"] = "ps-afr", ["Akhmimic Coptic"] = "cop-akh", ["Akuapem Twi"] = "tw-aku", ["Aleppine North Levantine Arabic"] = "apc-ale", ["Alsatian Alemannic German"] = "gsw-FR-als", ["Amdo Tibetan"] = "adx", ["American English"] = "en-US", ["Amorehi"] = "xme-amo", ["Ampezan Ladin"] = "lld-amp", ["Amrum North Frisian"] = "frr-amr", ["Anaraki"] = "xme-ana", ["Anatri Chuvash"] = "cv-ana", ["Anbarani"] = "tly-anb", ["Angkorian Old Khmer"] = "okz-ang", ["Anglian Old English"] = "ang-ang", ["Anglo-Norman"] = "xno", ["Anxi Hokkien"] = "nan-anx", ["Aquitanian"] = "xaq", ["Aranese"] = "oc-ara", ["Arbëresh Albanian"] = "aae", ["Arcadian Greek"] = "grc-arc", ["Arcadocypriot Greek"] = "grc-arp", ["Archaic Latin"] = "itc-ala", ["Ardestani"] = "xme-ard", ["Ardhamagadhi Prakrit"] = "pra-ard", ["Arghu"] = "klj-arg", ["Armeno-Kipchak"] = "qwm-arm", ["Arvanitika Albanian"] = "aat", ["Asalemi"] = "tly-asa", ["Asante Twi"] = "tw-asa", ["Ashtiani"] = "atn", ["Attic Greek"] = "grc-att", ["Australian Aboriginal English"] = "en-aae", ["Australian English"] = "en-AU", ["Austrian German"] = "de-AT", ["Auvergnat"] = "oc-auv", ["Avahattha"] = "inc-aav", ["Avanti"] = "pra-ava", ["Ayutthaya Old Thai"] = "th-ayu", ["Azerbaijani Talysh"] = "tly-aze", ["Badiot Ladin"] = "lld-bad", ["Badrudi"] = "xme-bdr", ["Bagirmi Fulfulde"] = "fui", ["Bahliki"] = "pra-bah", ["Bajui"] = "sgh-baj", ["Baltic German"] = "de-bal", ["Bandari"] = "bsg-ban", ["Bangash"] = "ps-bng", ["Bannu"] = "ps-ban", ["Barlavento Kabuverdianu"] = "kea-bar", ["Barpetia Kamrupi Assamese"] = "as-bkm", ["Bartangi"] = "sgh-bar", ["Bartangi-Oroshori"] = "sgh-bro", ["Beijing Mandarin"] = "cmn-bei", ["Beijingic Mandarin"] = "cmn-bec", ["Belgian Dutch"] = "nl-BE", ["Besemah"] = "pse-bsm", ["Betawi Kota"] = "bew-kot", ["Bhaca"] = "xh-bha", ["Biblical Aramaic"] = "arc-bib", ["Biblical Hebrew"] = "hbo", ["Bidhandi"] = "xme-bid", ["Bijagani"] = "xme-bij", ["Boa Vista Kabuverdianu"] = "kea-bvi", ["Boeotian Greek"] = "grc-boi", ["Bohairic Coptic"] = "cop-boh", ["Bolivian Spanish"] = "es-BO", ["Bombay Hindi"] = "hi-mum", ["Borana"] = "gax", ["Borgu Fulfulde"] = "fue", ["Borujerdi"] = "xme-bor", ["Brahmanic Sanskrit"] = "sa-bra", ["Brava Kabuverdianu"] = "kea-bra", ["Brazilian Portuguese"] = "pt-BR", ["British English"] = "en-GB", ["Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit"] = "sa-bhs", ["Burenjani"] = "fay-bur", ["Bushehri"] = "fay-bsh", ["Byzantine Greek"] = "gkm", ["Cadorino Ladin"] = "lld-cad", ["Cajun French"] = "frc", ["California English"] = "en-US-CA", ["Camorta"] = "ncb-cam", ["Campidanese"] = "sc-sro", ["Canadian English"] = "en-CA", ["Canadian French"] = "fr-CA", ["Canadian Ukrainian"] = "uk-CA", ["Candali"] = "pra-can", ["Capenate"] = "xfa-cap", ["Central Ghilzay"] = "ps-cgi", ["Central Korean"] = "ko-cen", ["Central Plains Mandarin"] = "cmn-cep", ["Central Talysh"] = "tly-cen", ["Central Tati"] = "xme-ttc-cen", ["Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde"] = "fuq", ["Chakavian Serbo-Croatian"] = "ckm", ["Chakhar Mongolian"] = "mn-cha", ["Chali Tati"] = "tks-cal", ["Changtai Hokkien"] = "nan-cha", ["Chilean Spanish"] = "es-CL", ["Chimehi"] = "xme-cim", ["Christian Palestinian Aramaic"] = "arc-cpa", ["Chungcheong Korean"] = "ko-chu", ["Ci"] = "lzh-cii", ["Cisalpine Gaulish"] = "xcg", ["Classical Azerbaijani"] = "az-cls", ["Classical Cantonese"] = "lzh-yue", ["Classical Japanese"] = "ja-cla", ["Classical Latin"] = "la-cla", ["Classical Malay"] = "ms-cla", ["Classical Mandarin"] = "lzh-cmn", ["Classical Persian"] = "fa-cls", ["Classical Sanskrit"] = "cls", ["Classical Tagalog"] = "tl-cls", ["Classical Taishanese"] = "lzh-tai", ["Classical Taiwanese Mandarin"] = "lzh-cmn-TW", ["Colombian Spanish"] = "es-CO", ["Common Bantu"] = "bnt-cmn", ["Contemporary Latin"] = "la-con", ["Coptic Dialect G"] = "cop-ggg", ["Coptic Dialect J"] = "cop-jjj", ["Coptic Dialect K"] = "cop-kkk", ["Coptic Dialect P"] = "cop-ppp", ["Cretan Ancient Greek"] = "grc-kre", ["Cretan Greek"] = "el-crt", ["Cuban Spanish"] = "es-CU", ["Cuman"] = "qwm-cum", ["Cypriot Ancient Greek"] = "grc-cyp", ["Cypriot Greek"] = "el-cyp", ["Cypriot Turkish"] = "tr-CY", ["Dabu Hakka"] = "hak-dab", ["Daksinatya"] = "pra-dak", ["Damascene North Levantine Arabic"] = "apc-dam", ["Danesfani"] = "tks-dan", ["Danube Bulgar"] = "xbo-dan", ["Danzhou Chinese"] = "zhx-dan", ["Dari"] = "prs", ["Dashtaki"] = "fay-dsh", ["Davani"] = "fay-dav", ["Delijani"] = "xme-del", ["Dhakaiya Vaṅga Bengali"] = "bn-dvn", ["Digor Ossetian"] = "os-dig", ["Dnieper Baltic"] = "bat-dni", ["Dobrujan Tatar"] = "crh-dbj", ["Doric Greek"] = "grc-dor", ["Dramili"] = "pra-dra", ["Drents"] = "drt", ["Dutch Low Saxon"] = "nds-nl", ["Early Brythonic"] = "bry-ear", ["Early Mandarin"] = "cmn-ear", ["Early Medieval Latin"] = "la-eme", ["Early Middle Chinese"] = "ltc-ear", ["Early Middle Japanese"] = "ja-mid-ear", ["Early Middle Korean"] = "okm-ear", ["Early Middle Mongol"] = "xng-ear", ["Early Middle Persian"] = "pal-ear", ["Early Modern Czech"] = "cs-ear", ["Early Modern English"] = "en-ear", ["Early Modern Hakka"] = "hak-eam", ["Early Modern Japanese"] = "ja-ear", ["Early Modern Spanish"] = "es-ear", ["Early New High German"] = "de-ear", ["Early New Persian"] = "fa-ear", ["Early Old Chinese"] = "och-ear", ["Early Old Ossetic"] = "oos-ear", ["Early Old Persian"] = "peo-ear", ["Early Scots"] = "enm-esc", ["Early Sogdian"] = "sog-ear", ["East Frisian Low German"] = "frs", ["East Midland Middle English"] = "enm-emi", ["Eastern Armenian"] = "hye", ["Eastern Balochi"] = "bgp", ["Eastern Mansi"] = "mns-eas", ["Eastern Old Japanese"] = "ojp-eas", ["Eastern Tati"] = "xme-ttc-eas", ["Ebrahimabadi"] = "tks-ebr", ["Ecclesiastical Latin"] = "la-ecc", ["Elean Greek"] = "grc-ela", ["Emamzada Esmaili"] = "fay-eze", ["Epic Greek"] = "grc-epi", ["Epic Sanskrit"] = "sa-epi", ["Esfarvarini"] = "tks-esf", ["European Portuguese"] = "pt-PT", ["Fante Akan"] = "fat", ["Farizandi"] = "xme-far", ["Fascian Ladin"] = "lld-fas", ["Fayyumic Coptic"] = "cop-fay", ["Fodom Ladin"] = "lld-fod", ["Fogo Kabuverdianu"] = "kea-fog", ["Fornes Ladin"] = "lld-for", ["Frankish"] = "frk", ["Fumani"] = "tly-fum", ["Fuyu Kyrgyz"] = "kjh-fyu", ["Föhr North Frisian"] = "frr-foh", ["Föhr-Amrum North Frisian"] = "frr-fam", ["Gangwon Korean"] = "ko-gan", ["Gascon"] = "oc-gas", ["Gavkoshaki"] = "fay-gav", ["Gazi"] = "gzi", ["Geordie"] = "en-geo", ["German Low German"] = "nds-de", ["Ghat"] = "thv-ght", ["Gheg Albanian"] = "aln", ["Gherdëina Ladin"] = "lld-ghe", ["Goesharde North Frisian"] = "frr-goe", ["Golyad"] = "bat-gol", ["Goral"] = "pl-gor", ["Greater Polish"] = "pl-gre", ["Greenlandic Norse"] = "non-grn", ["Gronings"] = "gos", ["Guangzhou Cantonese"] = "yue-gua", ["Guanzhong Mandarin"] = "cmn-gua", ["Guernsey Norman"] = "nrf-grn", ["Guilin Mandarin"] = "cmn-gui", ["Gurjara Apabhramsa"] = "inc-agu", ["Gyeonggi Korean"] = "ko-gyg", ["Gyeongsang Korean"] = "ko-gys", ["Hailu Hakka"] = "hak-hai", ["Halligen North Frisian"] = "frr-hal", ["Hamadani"] = "xme-ham", ["Hamgyong Korean"] = "ko-ham", ["Hangzhounese"] = "wuu-han", ["Hanjani"] = "xme-han", ["Hanyu Pinyin"] = "cmn-pinyin", ["Harar Oromo"] = "hae", ["Hatran Aramaic"] = "arc-hat", ["Havigannada"] = "kn-hav", ["Hazaragi"] = "haz", ["Heligoland North Frisian"] = "frr-hel", ["Helu Prakrit"] = "pra-hel", ["Hengyang Xiang"] = "hsn-hya", ["Hengzhou Xiang"] = "hsn-hzh", ["Hermopolitan Coptic"] = "cop-her", ["High Alemannic German"] = "gsw-hig", ["Highest Alemannic German"] = "gsw-hst", ["Hokkaido Ainu"] = "ain-hok", ["Hong Kong Cantonese"] = "yue-HK", ["Hong Kong English"] = "en-HK", ["Hong Kong Hakka"] = "hak-HK", ["Hormozi"] = "bsg-hor", ["Houlu Min"] = "nan-hou", ["Hui'an Hokkien"] = "nan-hui", ["Huiyang Hakka"] = "hak-hui", ["Huvadhu Dhivehi"] = "dv-huv", ["Hwanghae Korean"] = "ko-hwa", ["Imperial Aramaic"] = "arc-imp", ["Indian English"] = "en-IN", ["Insular North Frisian"] = "frr-ins", ["Insular Scots"] = "sco-ins", ["Ionic Greek"] = "grc-ion", ["Iranian Persian"] = "fa-ira", ["Irish English"] = "en-IE", ["Iron Ossetian"] = "os-iro", ["Isfahani"] = "xme-isf", ["Israeli Hebrew"] = "he-IL", ["Jadrani"] = "ps-jad", ["Jeolla Korean"] = "ko-jeo", ["Jersey Norman"] = "nrf-jer", ["Jewish Babylonian Aramaic"] = "tmr", ["Jewish Literary Aramaic"] = "arc-jla", ["Jewish Palestinian Aramaic"] = "jpa", ["Jianghuai Mandarin"] = "cmn-jhu", ["Jinjiang Hokkien"] = "nan-jin", ["Jirofti"] = "rdb-jir", ["Jowshaqani"] = "xme-jow", ["Judeo-Arabic"] = "jrb", ["Kafroni"] = "xme-kaf", ["Kahaki"] = "xme-kah", ["Kahnuji"] = "rdb-kah", ["Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian"] = "kjv", ["Kakari"] = "ps-kak", ["Kaliarda"] = "el-kal", ["Kamviri"] = "xvi", ["Kandahari"] = "ps-kan", ["Kaniguram"] = "oru-kan", ["Karganrudi"] = "tly-kar", ["Karrharde North Frisian"] = "frr-kar", ["Kashani"] = "xme-kas", ["Kasmiri Apabhramsa"] = "inc-aka", ["Katchal"] = "ncb-kat", ["Katharevousa"] = "el-kth", ["Kathiyawadi"] = "gu-kat", ["Kativiri"] = "bsh-kat", ["Kentish Middle English"] = "enm-ken", ["Kentish Old English"] = "ang-ken", ["Kermani"] = "xme-krm", ["Kesehi"] = "xme-kes", ["Khalkha Mongolian"] = "mn-kha", ["Khamba"] = "kbg", ["Khams Tibetan"] = "khg", ["Khargi"] = "fay-kar", ["Khasa Prakrit"] = "pra-kha", ["Khatak"] = "ps-xat", ["Khiaraji"] = "tks-xia", ["Khollari"] = "fay-kho", ["Khorchin Mongolian"] = "mn-khr", ["Khoznini"] = "tks-xoz", ["Khufi"] = "sgh-xuf", ["Khughni"] = "sgh-xug", ["Khughni-Bajui"] = "sgh-xgb", ["Khunsari"] = "kfm", ["Khuri"] = "xme-xur", ["Khuzestani Arabic"] = "acm-khu", ["Kinmenese Hokkien"] = "nan-kin", ["Kinyarwanda"] = "rw-kin", ["Kirundi"] = "rw-run", ["Koine Greek"] = "grc-koi", ["Komjani"] = "xme-kom", ["Kondazi"] = "fay-kon", ["Korean Classical Chinese"] = "lzh-KO", ["Kosena"] = "kze", ["Kromanti"] = "alv-kro", ["Kundagannada"] = "kn-kun", ["Kuril Ainu"] = "ain-kur", ["Kyakhta Chinese Pidgin Russian"] = "crp-cpr-kya", ["Kölsch"] = "ksh", ["Languedocien"] = "oc-lan", ["Lanuvian"] = "itc-lan", ["Lanyin Mandarin"] = "cmn-lan", ["Late Babylonian"] = "akk-lbb", ["Late Brythonic"] = "bry-lat", ["Late Egyptian"] = "egy-lat", ["Late Khotanese"] = "kho-lat", ["Late Latin"] = "la-lat", ["Late Middle Chinese"] = "ltc-lat", ["Late Middle Japanese"] = "ja-mid-lat", ["Late Middle Mongol"] = "xng-lat", ["Late Middle Persian"] = "pal-lat", ["Late Old Chinese"] = "och-lat", ["Late Old Korean"] = "oko-lat", ["Late Old Ossetic"] = "oos-lat", ["Late Old Persian"] = "peo-lat", ["Late Old Swedish"] = "gmq-osw-lat", ["Late Sogdian"] = "sog-lat", ["Law French"] = "xno-law", ["Lebanese North Levantine Arabic"] = "apc-leb", ["Lesser Polish"] = "pl-les", ["Limousin"] = "oc-lim", ["Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati"] = "gu-lda", ["Literary Cantonese"] = "yue-lit", ["Literary Chinese"] = "lzh-lit", ["Logar"] = "oru-log", ["Logudorese"] = "sc-src", ["Lombardic"] = "lng", ["Loudi Xiang"] = "hsn-lou", ["Louisiana French"] = "fr-lou", ["Low Alemannic German"] = "gsw-low", ["Low Prussian"] = "nds-lpr", ["Lucanian"] = "osc-luc", ["Lunfardo"] = "es-lun", ["Lycopolitan Coptic"] = "cop-lyc", ["Língua Geral Amazônica"] = "tpw-lga", ["Língua Geral Paulista"] = "tpw-lgp", ["Maasina Fulfulde"] = "ffm", ["Magadhi Prakrit"] = "pra-mag", ["Mahallati"] = "xme-mah", ["Maharastri Apabhramsa"] = "inc-ama", ["Maharastri Prakrit"] = "pra-mah", ["Mahsudi"] = "ps-mah", ["Mainland North Frisian"] = "frr-mai", ["Maio Kabuverdianu"] = "kea-mai", ["Malaysian Huiyang Hakka"] = "hak-hui-MY", ["Malaysian Mandarin"] = "cmn-MY", ["Mamluk-Kipchak"] = "qwm-mam", ["Manichaean Middle Persian"] = "xmn", ["Manx English"] = "en-IM", ["Masali"] = "tly-msa", ["Masarami"] = "fay-mas", ["Masovian Polish"] = "pl-mas", ["Masulei"] = "tly-msu", ["Medan Hokkien"] = "nan-med", ["Medieval Hebrew"] = "he-med", ["Medieval Latin"] = "la-med", ["Medieval Sinhalese"] = "si-med", ["Medieval Tashelhit"] = "shi-med", ["Meixian Hakka"] = "hak-mei", ["Mercian Old English"] = "ang-mer", ["Mexican Spanish"] = "es-MX", ["Meymehi"] = "xme-mey", ["Middle Assyrian"] = "akk-mas", ["Middle Babylonian"] = "akk-mbb", ["Middle Belarusian"] = "zle-mbe", ["Middle Bulgarian"] = "cu-bgm", ["Middle Chuvash"] = "cv-mid", ["Middle Egyptian"] = "egy-mid", ["Middle Elamite"] = "elx-mid", ["Middle Georgian"] = "ka-mid", ["Middle Hindi"] = "hi-mid", ["Middle Japanese"] = "ja-mid", ["Middle Konkani"] = "kok-mid", ["Middle Polish"] = "zlw-mpl", ["Middle Russian"] = "zle-mru", ["Middle Tamil"] = "ta-mid", ["Middle Ukrainian"] = "zle-muk", ["Minabi"] = "bsg-min", ["Mishnaic Hebrew"] = "he-mis", ["Missouri French"] = "fr-mis", ["Mitanni"] = "inc-mit", ["Moldovan"] = "ro-MD", ["Mooring North Frisian"] = "frr-moo", ["Mulaku Dhivehi"] = "dv-mul", ["Mumviri"] = "bsh-mum", ["Nabataean Aramaic"] = "arc-nab", ["Nalbaria Kamrupi Assamese"] = "as-nkm", ["Nancowry"] = "ncb-nan", ["Nanjing Mandarin"] = "cmn-nan", ["Naraqi"] = "xme-nar", ["Nashalji"] = "xme-nas", ["Natanzi"] = "ntz", ["Nayini"] = "nyq", ["Neo-Assyrian"] = "akk-nas", ["Neo-Babylonian"] = "akk-nbb", ["Neo-Elamite"] = "elx-neo", ["Neo-Middle Egyptian"] = "egy-nmi", ["New Latin"] = "la-new", ["New Sanskrit"] = "sa-neo", ["New Xiang"] = "hsn-new", ["New Zealand English"] = "en-NZ", ["Nigerian Fulfulde"] = "fuv", ["Ningbonese"] = "wuu-nin", ["Noakhailla Vaṅga Bengali"] = "bn-nvn", ["Nones Ladin"] = "lld-non", ["North Alaskan Inupiatun"] = "esi", ["North American English"] = "en-NNN", ["North Karelian"] = "krl-nor", ["North Lebanese North Levantine Arabic"] = "apc-nle", ["North Wales Welsh"] = "cy-nor", ["Northeastern Mandarin"] = "cmn-noe", ["Northeastern Pashto"] = "ps-nea", ["Northern Irish English"] = "en-GB-NIR", ["Northern Kankanaey"] = "xnn", ["Northern Lushootseed"] = "lut-nor", ["Northern Middle English"] = "enm-nor", ["Northern Scots"] = "sco-nor", ["Northern Talysh"] = "tly-nor", ["Northern Tati"] = "xme-ttc-nor", ["Northern Wu"] = "wuu-nor", ["Northumbrian Old English"] = "ang-nor", ["Northwest Alaskan Inupiatun"] = "esk", ["Northwestern Pashto"] = "ps-nwe", ["Nuorese"] = "sc-nuo", ["Nushabadi"] = "xme-nus", ["Odri"] = "pra-odr", ["Old Akkadian"] = "akk-old", ["Old Aramaic"] = "arc-old", ["Old Assyrian"] = "akk-oas", ["Old Avestan"] = "ae-old", ["Old Azari"] = "xme-azr", ["Old Babylonian"] = "akk-obb", ["Old Braj"] = "bra-old", ["Old Chuvash"] = "cv-old", ["Old Coptic"] = "cop-old", ["Old Dhivehi"] = "dv-old", ["Old East Norse"] = "non-oen", ["Old Egyptian"] = "egy-old", ["Old Elamite"] = "elx-old", ["Old Emilian"] = "egl-old", ["Old Franco-Provençal"] = "frp-old", ["Old Friulian"] = "fur-old", ["Old Italian"] = "roa-oit", ["Old Kazeruni"] = "fay-kzo", ["Old Khotanese"] = "kho-old", ["Old Kirghiz"] = "otk-kir", ["Old Konkani"] = "kok-old", ["Old Latin"] = "itc-ola", ["Old Ligurian"] = "lij-old", ["Old Lombard"] = "lmo-old", ["Old Malay"] = "ms-old", ["Old Mohawk"] = "iro-omo", ["Old Neapolitan"] = "nap-old", ["Old Northern French"] = "fro-nor", ["Old Onondaga"] = "iro-oon", ["Old Ossetic"] = "oos", ["Old Piedmontese"] = "pms-old", ["Old Provençal"] = "oc-pro-old", ["Old Pskovian"] = "zle-ops", ["Old Romagnol"] = "rgn-old", ["Old Romansh"] = "rm-old", ["Old Sardinian"] = "sc-old", ["Old Shirazi"] = "fay-sho", ["Old Sicilian"] = "scn-old", ["Old Tagalog"] = "tl-old", ["Old Thai"] = "th-old", ["Old Venetan"] = "vec-old", ["Old Wendat"] = "iro-ohu", ["Old West Norse"] = "non-own", ["Old Xiang"] = "hsn-old", ["Ontenu"] = "ont", ["Opuntian Locrian"] = "grc-opl", ["Ordos Mongolian"] = "mn-ord", ["Orkhon Turkic"] = "otk-ork", ["Orma"] = "orc", ["Oroshori"] = "sgh-oro", ["Oxyrhynchite Coptic"] = "cop-oxy", ["Ozolian Locrian"] = "grc-ozl", ["Paisaci Prakrit"] = "pra-pai", ["Palasbaria Kamrupi Assamese"] = "as-pkm", ["Palatine German"] = "pfl", ["Paleo-Balkan"] = "qsb-bal", ["Paleo-Hispanic"] = "qsb-ibe", ["Palladius"] = "cmn-palladius", ["Palmyrene Aramaic"] = "arc-pal", ["Pamphylian Greek"] = "grc-pam", ["Paphian Greek"] = "el-pap", ["Papuni"] = "fay-pap", ["Parnadiya Khortha"] = "inc-khr-par", ["Penang Hokkien"] = "nan-pen", ["Peruvian Spanish"] = "es-PE", ["Peshawari"] = "ps-pes", ["Philippine Hokkien"] = "nan-hbl-PH", ["Philippine Mandarin"] = "cmn-PH", ["Philippine Spanish"] = "es-PH", ["Picard Old French"] = "fro-pic", ["Polari"] = "pld", ["Postal Romanization"] = "zh-postal", ["Pracya"] = "pra-pra", ["Praenestine"] = "itc-pra", ["Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer"] = "okz-pre", ["Pre-Classical Chinese"] = "lzh-pre", ["Pre-Greek"] = "qsb-grc", ["Proto-Anglo-Frisian"] = "gmw-afr-pro", ["Proto-Arinic"] = "qfa-yrn-pro", ["Proto-Baltic"] = "bat-pro", ["Proto-Bulgar"] = "trk-bul-pro", ["Proto-Common Turkic"] = "trk-cmn-pro", ["Proto-Finno-Permic"] = "urj-fpr-pro", ["Proto-Finno-Ugric"] = "fiu-pro", ["Proto-Ketic"] = "qfa-yke-pro", ["Proto-Kottic"] = "qfa-yko-pro", ["Proto-Lycopolitan Coptic"] = "cop-ply", ["Proto-Middle Indo-Aryan"] = "inc-ash-pro", ["Proto-New Indo-Aryan"] = "pra-pro", ["Proto-North Sea Germanic"] = "gmw-nsg-pro", ["Proto-Oghur"] = "trk-ogr-pro", ["Proto-Oghuz"] = "trk-ogz-pro", ["Proto-Pumpokolic"] = "qfa-ypm-pro", ["Proto-Romance"] = "roa-pro", ["Proto-Tibeto-Burman"] = "tbq-pro", ["Provençal"] = "oc-pro", ["Puerto Rican Spanish"] = "es-PR", ["Pulaar"] = "fuc", ["Pular"] = "fuf", ["Puter Romansh"] = "rm-put", ["Pyongan Korean"] = "ko-pyo", ["Qalhari"] = "xme-qal", ["Qashqai"] = "qxq", ["Qianlu Min"] = "nan-qia", ["Qohrudi"] = "xme-qoh", ["Quanzhou Hokkien"] = "nan-qua", ["Renaissance Latin"] = "la-ren", ["Rigvedic Sanskrit"] = "sa-rig", ["Rioplatense Spanish"] = "es-AR", ["Roshani"] = "sgh-ros", ["Roshani-Khufi"] = "sgh-rsx", ["Rumantsch Grischun"] = "rm-gri", ["Russian Church Slavonic"] = "zls-chs-ru", ["Sabari"] = "pra-sab", ["Sagzabadi"] = "tks-sag", ["Sahidic Coptic"] = "cop-sah", ["Saint Dominican Creole French"] = "ht-sdm", ["Sakari"] = "pra-sak", ["Sakhalin Ainu"] = "ain-sak", ["Sal Kabuverdianu"] = "kea-sal", ["Sallands"] = "sdz", ["Samghani"] = "fay-sam", ["Samnite"] = "osc-sam", ["Santiago Kabuverdianu"] = "kea-san", ["Santo Antão Kabuverdianu"] = "kea-saa", ["Sauraseni Apabhramsa"] = "inc-asa", ["Sauraseni Prakrit"] = "pra-sau", ["Scottish English"] = "en-GB-SCT", ["Sedehi"] = "xme-sed", ["Shadi Wu"] = "wuu-chm", ["Shandarmani"] = "tly-san", ["Shanghainese"] = "wuu-sha", ["Shangsi Zhuang"] = "tai-shz", ["Sher"] = "ps-ser", ["Shirazi"] = "fay-shr", ["Shuadit"] = "oc-jud", ["Silesian East Central German"] = "sli", ["Singapore Hokkien"] = "nan-hbl-SG", ["Singapore Mandarin"] = "cmn-SG", ["Sixian Hakka"] = "hak-six", ["Skagit"] = "ska", ["Snohomish"] = "sno", ["Soi"] = "soj", ["Sorkhi"] = "fay-sor", ["Sotavento Kabuverdianu"] = "kea-sot", ["South African English"] = "en-ZA", ["South Karelian"] = "krl-sou", ["South Lebanese North Levantine Arabic"] = "apc-sle", ["South Wales Welsh"] = "cy-sou", ["Southeastern Pashto"] = "ps-sea", ["Southern Balochi"] = "bcc", ["Southern Lushootseed"] = "slh", ["Southern Malaysian Hokkien"] = "nan-spm", ["Southern Middle English"] = "enm-sou", ["Southern Scots"] = "sco-sou", ["Southern Talysh"] = "tly-sou", ["Southern Tati"] = "xme-ttc-sou", ["Southwestern Mandarin"] = "cmn-sow", ["Southwestern Pashto"] = "ps-swe", ["Standard Babylonian"] = "akk-stb", ["Stellingwerfs"] = "stl", ["Suevic"] = "gem-sue", ["Sukhothai Old Thai"] = "th-suk", ["Surmiran Romansh"] = "rm-srm", ["Sursilvan Romansh"] = "rm-srs", ["Sutsilvan Romansh"] = "rm-sut", ["Suzhounese"] = "wuu-suz", ["Swiss French"] = "fr-CH", ["Switzerland German"] = "de-CH", ["Switzerland Italian"] = "it-CH", ["Sylt North Frisian"] = "frr-syl", ["Syrian North Levantine Arabic"] = "apc-syr", ["São Nicolau Kabuverdianu"] = "kea-sni", ["São Vicente Kabuverdianu"] = "kea-svi", ["Taiwanese Hakka"] = "hak-TW", ["Taiwanese Hokkien"] = "nan-hbl-TW", ["Taiwanese Mandarin"] = "cmn-TW", ["Takestani"] = "tks-tak", ["Takka Apabhramsa"] = "inc-ata", ["Taleshdulabi"] = "tly-tal", ["Tamahaq"] = "thv", ["Tamasheq"] = "taq", ["Tarehi"] = "xme-trh", ["Tari"] = "xme-tar", ["Tawellemmet"] = "ttq", ["Tayert"] = "thz", ["Thessalian Greek"] = "grc-ths", ["Tianjin Mandarin"] = "cmn-tia", ["Tong'an Hokkien"] = "nan-ton", ["Tongyong Pinyin"] = "cmn-tongyong", ["Torlakian Serbo-Croatian"] = "sh-tor", ["Tosk Albanian"] = "als", ["Traditional Chinese poetry"] = "lzh-shi", ["Transalpine Gaulish"] = "xtg", ["Tseku"] = "tsk", ["Tularudi"] = "tly-tul", ["Twents"] = "twd", ["Twi Akan"] = "tw", ["Ukrainian Church Slavonic"] = "zls-chs-uk", ["Ulster English"] = "en-uls", ["Ulster Scots"] = "sco-uls", ["United States Spanish"] = "es-US", ["Upper Saxon German"] = "sxu", ["Vafsi"] = "vaf", ["Valencian"] = "ca-val", ["Vallader Romansh"] = "rm-val", ["Valujerdi"] = "xme-val", ["Varani"] = "xme-var", ["Varzenehi"] = "xme-vrz", ["Vedic Sanskrit"] = "vsn", ["Veluws"] = "vel", ["Venezuelan Spanish"] = "es-VE", ["Viennese German"] = "de-AT-vie", ["Vietnamese Classical Chinese"] = "lzh-VI", ["Viryal Chuvash"] = "cv-vir", ["Vivaro-Alpine"] = "oc-viv", ["Volga Bulgar"] = "xbo-vol", ["Vonishuni"] = "xme-von", ["Vracada Apabhramsa"] = "inc-avr", ["Vulgar Latin"] = "la-vul", ["Waata"] = "ssn", ["Wade–Giles"] = "cmn-wadegiles", ["Walser German"] = "wae", ["Wasa"] = "wss", ["Waziri"] = "ps-waz", ["Welsh English"] = "en-GB-WLS", ["Wenzhounese"] = "wuu-wen", ["West Midland Middle English"] = "enm-wmi", ["West Saxon Old English"] = "ang-wsx", ["Western Armenian"] = "hyw", ["Western Balochi"] = "bgn", ["Western Mansi"] = "mns-wes", ["Western Niger Fulfulde"] = "fuh", ["Western Punjabi"] = "pnb", ["Western Tati"] = "xme-ttc-wes", ["Westphalian"] = "wep", ["Wiedingharde North Frisian"] = "frr-wie", ["Written vernacular Cantonese"] = "yue-wvc", ["Written vernacular Mandarin"] = "cmn-wvc", ["Written vernacular Taishanese"] = "zhx-tai-wvc", ["Wuhan Mandarin"] = "cmn-wuh", ["Xiamen Hokkien"] = "nan-xia", ["Xining Mandarin"] = "cmn-xin", ["Yangzhou Mandarin"] = "cmn-yan", ["Yarandi"] = "xme-yar", ["Yazdi"] = "xme-yaz", ["Yongchun Hokkien"] = "nan-yon", ["Younger Avestan"] = "ae-yng", ["Yukjin Korean"] = "ko-yuk", ["Zarphatic"] = "zrp", ["Zefrehi"] = "xme-zef", ["Zhangping Hokkien"] = "nan-zhp", ["Zhangzhou Hokkien"] = "nan-zha", ["Zhao'an Hakka"] = "hak-zha", ["Zhao'an Hokkien"] = "nan-zho", ["Zhongshan Min"] = "zhx-zho", ["Zori"] = "xme-zor", ["Zoroastrian Dari"] = "gbz", ["taxonomic name"] = "mul-tax", ["the BMAC substrate"] = "qsb-bma", } tliwheft2ro6x758iklk0xxzgufs6en 14 307073 488104 2026-09-04T21:59:27Z SM7 6218 great 488104 wikitext text/x-wiki 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-- instrument -- उपकरण, औजार '''ākāpakai''' -- all kinds of instruments -- सब प्रकार के उपकरण या औजार '''ākāw''' -- dryness -- शुष्कता, सुखापन '''āku''' -- pest -- पेड़-पोधों को नुकसान पहुँचाने वाला एक छोटा कीड़ा '''ākui''' -- head, node of a tree -- सिर, गाँठ (पेड़ की) '''ākuiru''' -- skull -- खोपड़ी '''ākuileng''' -- cock's crest -- कलगी '''āku-akai''' -- all kinds of pests -- महामारी फैलाने या हानि पहुँचाने वाले सब प्रकार के जीव-जन्तु '''ākung''' -- stalk, stem -- तना, डण्डी '''ākulā''' -- shadow -- छाया, परछाई '''ākachit''' -- counting -- गिनती '''ākatai''' -- remnant -- अवशेष '''ākatuiwu''' -- younger sister (of a girl) -- छोटो बहन, अनुजा (लड़की की) '''ākato''' -- younger brother (of a boy) -- अनुज, छोटा भाई (लड़के का) '''ākaulā''' -- muscle, brawn -- माँस-पेशी, बाहुबल '''ākapit''' -- chapter, paragraph -- अध्याय, पैरा या अनुच्छेद '''ākasui''' -- thorn -- काँटा '''ākashai''' -- tendon -- कंडरा '''ākahung''' -- neck -- गर्दन '''ākahara''' -- husband -- पति '''ākor''' -- bark -- छाल '''ākhāi''' -- corn-cob -- भुट्टा '''ākhākasāā''' -- to castrate -- बधिया करना, बधिया होना '''ākhān''' -- line -- पंक्ति '''ākhui''' -- inner most corky part of the tree-stem -- पेड़ के तने के अन्दर का मुलायम भाग '''ākhui''' -- ridge, row -- कतार '''ākhut''' -- smoke -- धुआँ '''ākhunak''' -- powder, flour -- चूरा, आटा '''ākhum''' -- lid -- ढक्कन, आवरण '''ākhum''' -- cover -- आवरण खोल '''ākhumkhor''' -- back-side '''ākhumvu''' -- beloved -- प्रेमिका '''ākhumren''' -- spine -- रीढ़ '''ākhur''' -- hole, pit -- छेद, गड्ढ़ा '''ākha''' -- one -- एक '''ākhak''' -- voice, sound -- आवाज '''ākhanuk''' -- back, hinder -- पिछला भाग, रूकावट '''ākhano''' -- strain -- तनाव '''ākhano''' -- tune -- धुन '''ākhamā''' -- wound -- घाव, जख्म '''ākhamei''' -- tail -- पूँछ, दुम '''ākhama''' -- tomorrow -- कल (आने वाला) '''ākhamak''' -- dust -- धुल '''ākhamong''' -- rim -- घेरा (किसी भी बर्तन का) '''ākhamor''' -- mouth -- मुँह '''ākhamor''' -- source -- उद्गाम '''ākhar''' -- circular road -- वृत्ताकार सड़क '''ākhari''' -- intestine -- आँत '''ākharik''' -- outward shape, form -- ढाँचा, आकार '''ākharu''' -- the skin of vegetables -- सब्जियों का छिलका '''ākharer''' -- sting -- डंक '''ākharang''' -- buttock -- नितम्ब, चूतड़ '''ākharok''' -- throat -- गला '''ākhawei''' -- forehead -- माथा '''ākhawaiwu''' -- first lady of a society or a home -- समाज या घर की प्रथम स्त्री '''ākho''' -- leg -- टाँँग '''ākhot''' -- hump (found on the back of a bull or buffalo) -- कूबड़, कोहान '''ākhon''' -- voice, noise -- आवाज़, शोर '''ākhom''' -- embroidery -- कशीदाकारी, कढ़ाई '''āngāagnāw''' -- baby -- बच्चा '''āngām''' -- diaphragm -- मध्यपट '''āngun''' -- corpse -- शव, लाश '''āngum''' -- whole -- सम्पर्ण, समस्त '''āngei''' -- smell (from one's body) -- गन्ध (शरीर से जाने वाली) '''āngang''' -- scent -- सुगन्ध, इत्र '''āngachāng''' -- wing -- पंख '''āngachi''' -- horn -- सींग '''āngachir''' -- jam, chilled soup -- मुरब्बा, ठण्डा शोरबा या झील '''āngatā''' -- ridge, row -- कतार '''āngating''' -- marrow -- मज्जा '''āngatan''' -- ransom -- फिरौती '''āngatok''' -- brain -- मस्तिष्क, दिमाग '''āngatongful''' -- hump(land) -- कूबड़ '''āngathān''' -- handle of an yoke -- जुए की हत्थी '''ānganam''' -- smell -- गन्ध '''āngamit''' -- effacement -- विलोपन '''āngamut''' -- sour taste -- खट्टा स्वाद '''āngayā''' -- night -- रात, रात्रि '''āngayin''' -- shelter -- शरण, आश्रम '''āngayung''' -- root -- जड़ '''āngarit''' -- destination -- गन्तव्य '''āngarit''' -- limitation -- परिसीमन मजबूरी '''āngaruk''' -- approximation -- लगभग, नैकट्य '''āngaret''' -- pile of mud or stone in front of a house, where people sit and relax in the day time -- घर के सामने मिट्टी या पत्थरों का टीला जहाँ लोग दिन में बैठते हैं और आराम करते हैं '''āngarak''' -- temperance -- संयम '''āngalāng''' -- reason -- कारण '''āngalat''' -- termination -- अंत, समापन '''āngawor''' -- pair -- जोड़ा, युगल '''āngasut''' -- limit (temporal) -- सीमा अवधि '''āngasun''' -- link -- सम्बन्ध, सम्पर्क '''āngasat''' -- spur -- एड़, खार '''āngasong ''' -- back bone -- रीढ़ की हड्डी '''āngazāng''' -- stalk -- डंडी '''āngashāk''' -- spots or stripes on the body of a tiger -- बाघ के शरीर के चकत्ते या धारियाँ '''āngashik''' -- combination -- सम्मिश्रण '''āngashichon''' -- ring-finger -- अनामिका '''āngom''' -- trunk (elephant) -- सूँड (हाथी की) '''āngpāiri''' -- little finger -- कनिष्ठिका '''āchā''' -- dew-lap -- गल-कम्बल '''āchāi''' -- calyx -- पुटक, आलबाल '''āchāk''' -- estimation -- अनुमान, अन्दाज़ '''āchāk''' -- blood relation -- खून का रिश्ता '''āchākachāng''' -- past -- अतीत, गत, बीता समय '''āchākhararchān''' -- legend -- दन्तकथा '''āchāt''' -- piece, fragment -- टुकड़ा '''āchikun''' -- corner -- कोना '''āchikap''' -- instinuation -- परोक्ष संकेत, गूढ़ार्थ '''āching''' -- centre, headquarters -- केन्द्र, मुख्य कार्यालय '''āchinā''' -- brother (a term to refer brother, by a male member) -- भाई (लड़के का) '''āchinān''' -- sister (a term to refer sister by a female member) -- लड़की का बहन '''āchihon''' -- lungs -- फेफड़े '''āchu''' -- today -- आज '''āchui''' -- elevation -- सतह से ऊँची जगह '''āchei''' -- elder brother or sister -- बड़ा भाई या बड़ी बहन '''ācham ''' -- behaviour -- व्यवहार '''ācho''' -- voidness, emptiness -- रिक्तता '''āchon''' -- sister (belonging to a noble family), form of addressing a lady -- बहन (ऊँचे खानदान की) स्त्री को सम्बोधित करने के लिए प्रयोग होने वाला शब्द '''āchon''' -- foot print -- पद-चिह्न '''ātāng''' -- solid -- ठोस '''ātān''' -- bunch -- गुच्छा '''ātāp''' -- wedge -- फान, पच्चर '''ātip''' -- crease -- चुन्नर '''ātung''' -- high, top (elevation) -- ऊँचाई, चोटी '''ātam''' -- time -- समय, काल '''āton ''' -- apex -- शिरोबिन्दु, सिरा '''āthā''' -- seed -- बीज '''āthip''' -- nest -- घोंसला, नीड़ '''āthut''' -- revenge -- बदला, प्रतिशोध '''āthei''' -- fruit -- फल '''āthnawu''' -- concubine -- रखैल '''āthōp''' -- winnowing -- औसाई, फ़टकन '''ānā''' -- leaf -- पत्ता, पत्ती '''ānāi''' -- vulva -- भग, योनि '''ānālāng''' -- nose -- नाक '''āning''' -- mind -- मस्तिषक, दिमाग '''ningkat''' -- thoughtfulness -- विचारशीलता '''āningkhān''' -- will, determination -- इच्छा, दृढ़ निश्चय '''āningrel''' -- waist -- कमर '''ānu''' -- breast -- वक्षस्थल, स्तन '''ānup''' -- bribe -- रिश्वत, घूस '''ānonān''' -- tissue -- ऊतक, तंतु '''āpāi''' -- secretion -- स्राव '''āpai''' -- bulb (vegetable) -- कन्द, प्याज के जैसी मिट्टी के भीतर का कन्द '''āpaikopi''' -- radish -- मूली '''āpaiphon''' -- stomach -- पेट '''āpāk''' -- width -- चौड़ाई '''āpāng''' -- hand -- हाथ '''āpāng''' -- complexion -- रूप-रंग, रंगत '''āping''' -- epidermic -- त्वचा का ऊपरी भाग '''āpukapāka''' -- universe -- विश्व, ब्रह्माण्ड '''āpung''' -- container -- पात्र, डिब्बा '''āpei''' -- spleen -- तिल्ली '''āpeng''' -- string, thread, rope -- डोरी, धागा, रस्सी '''āpam''' -- place -- जगह, स्थान '''āpampāi''' -- basement -- आधार '''āpong''' -- way, route, method -- रास्ता, ढंग, या पद्धति '''āporhop''' -- foam -- झाग, फेन '''āpreiwu''' -- wife -- पत्नी '''āphār''' -- lung -- फेकड़ा '''āphi''' -- muscle -- माँस-पेशी '''āphi''' -- flesh -- माँस '''āphing''' -- opium -- अफ़ीम '''āphur''' -- abdomen -- उदर '''āphei''' -- leg -- टाँग '''āphek''' -- level -- स्तर, सतह '''āphar''' -- height of an animal -- जानवर की ऊँचाई '''āphon''' -- stomach -- पेट '''āphor''' -- embroidery -- कशीदाकारी कढ़ाई, कशीदा '''āmāi''' -- face -- चेहरा '''āmāāi''' -- slope -- ढलान '''āmik''' -- eye -- आँख '''āming''' -- name -- नाम '''āmiyewyan''' -- religion -- धर्म '''āmiyewsak''' -- creation (of God) -- सृष्टि (भगवान की) '''āmu''' -- photograph -- फोटो, छायाचित्र '''āmui''' -- brother's wife, husband's sister -- भावज या भाभी, ननद '''āmei''' -- lord (husband) -- देवता (पति) '''āmeikung''' -- loin -- कमर '''āmeikungru''' -- lumber loin -- कमर की गठिया '''āmakā''' -- brother-in-law -- साला, बहनोई '''āmakun''' -- edge, corner -- किनारा, कोना '''āmakhāw''' -- dirtiness -- गन्दगी, मैलापन '''āmachi''' -- seed -- बीज '''āmathik''' -- breast, chest -- स्तन, सीना '''āmathin''' -- liver -- जिगर,यकृत '''āmathar''' -- entrails used for sacrifice -- चढ़ावे के लिए प्रयोग की जाने वाली आँते '''āman ''' -- price, value -- कीमत, मूल्य '''āmayāt''' -- permission -- अनुमति, इजाजत '''āmarim''' -- slice -- कतला, फाँक '''āmarei''' -- border, edge -- सीमान्त, किनारा '''āmalāk''' -- joint, stitch -- जोड़, टाँका '''āmalāw''' -- foam -- झाग, फेन '''āmalung''' -- heart -- दिल, हृदय '''āmasāt''' -- rent -- किराया '''āmazān''' -- cluster -- गुच्छा, समूह '''āmazei''' -- remnant rice found in the mortal after pounding -- कूटने के बाद ओखली में बचा चावल '''āmorso''' -- muzzle -- थूथन '''āyā''' -- yesterday -- कल (बीत हुआ) '''āyār''' -- side-border of cloth -- पल्ला '''āyi''' -- grandmother -- दादी, नानी, बूढ़ी-स्त्री '''āyangkulā''' -- transparence -- पारदर्शिता '''ārāpthing''' -- rib -- पसली '''ārāw''' -- servant -- नौकर, सेवक '''āri''' -- medicine -- औषधि, दवाई '''ārik''' -- insect -- कोड़ा '''āru''' -- liquid -- तरल '''ārukui''' -- bone -- हड्डी '''ārek''' -- trick, cunningness -- चाल, चालाकी '''āreng''' -- ghats (moutain) -- घाट '''āret''' -- width -- विस्तार '''ārep ''' -- proportion -- समानुपात, अनुपात '''ārangkung''' -- breech -- नितम्ब '''ārokru''' -- windpipe -- श्वासनली '''ārom''' -- package -- पैकेज, संवेष्टन '''ālāng''' -- horn-bill -- धनेश '''ālāngvār''' -- fungus found on trees -- पेड़ पर पाई जाने वाली फफूँद '''āliklak''' -- bottle -- बोतल '''ālungthung''' -- centre -- केन्द्र, मध्य '''ālunglā''' -- middle finger -- (ऊँगली) मध्यमा '''ālek''' -- pancreas -- लबलबा, अग्न्यशय '''āwā''' -- father -- पिता '''āwu''' -- mother -- माँ '''āwuk''' -- belly -- तोंद '''āwer''' -- flatness -- चपटापन '''āwer''' -- width -- चौड़ाई '''āwon''' -- flower -- फूल '''āwo''' -- father-in-law -- ससुर '''āwōnkopi''' -- cauliflower -- फूलगोभी '''āsāi''' -- bony section of the breast, chest -- छाती के नीचे की पसलियाँ '''āsāt''' -- heat -- गर्मी '''āsān''' -- length -- लम्बाई '''āsilat''' -- gizzard -- पेषगी, पक्षी का द्वितीय पेट '''āsam''' -- hair -- बाल '''āsammasāi''' -- nakedness, nude -- नग्नता, नंगा '''āzarvu''' -- sister -- बहन '''āshāt''' -- plain -- मैदान, समतल भूमि '''āshi''' -- blood -- रक्त, खून '''āshitor''' -- clot -- थक्का, कतरा '''āshakshi''' -- hip -- कूल्हा '''āshang''' -- association -- संस्था '''āsham''' -- stale meal -- बासी खाना '''āsho''' -- hoof -- खुर, सुम '''āshon''' -- bud -- कली '''āhāi''' -- vagina -- योनि '''āhāk''' -- thread-bundle -- गिट्टक '''āhāng''' -- slab (wooden) -- पट्टा, तख्ता '''āhāng''' -- farm, forest land -- खेती, खेती के लिए उपयोग में लायी जाने वाली जंगल की जमीन का एक हिस्सा '''āhām''' -- looseness -- ढीलापन, ढिलाई '''āhāh''' -- teeth -- दाँत '''āhāhkhur''' -- pore -- रोमकूप '''āhik''' -- husk -- भूसा '''āhui''' -- skin -- खाल, त्वचा '''āhanthāw''' -- pancrease, suet -- लबलबा, कड़ी चरबी '''āho''' -- bladder -- मूत्राशय '''i''' -- I -- मैं '''#NAME?''' -- non-future tense marker -- अ-भविष्यत् काल बोधक '''iknguiru''' -- dew -- ओस '''ingkong''' -- greenish beed -- हरा मनका '''impru''' -- a place without sun-shine -- ऐसी जगहा जहाँ सूरज का प्रकाश नहीं पहुँचता '''uilēp''' -- big knife -- छुरा '''uk''' -- belly -- तोंद '''ukai''' -- plough -- हल '''ukkakazā''' -- to have stomach ache -- पेट में दर्द होना '''ukkakhanang''' -- to regard -- आदर करना '''ukkhamakei''' -- to have acute stomach pain -- पेट में पीड़ा होना '''ungkachum''' -- to get involved -- फँस जाना '''ungwu''' -- head of the canl -- गोत्र का मुखिया '''ungakzang''' -- income -- आय '''ungkasshung''' -- to suceed -- सफल होना '''ut''' -- camel -- ऊँट '''utong''' -- tube -- नली, ट्यूब '''unchungwon''' -- marigold -- गेंदा '''upi''' -- coconut -- नारियल '''upikor''' -- coconut-shell -- नारियल का छिलका '''upithāw''' -- coconut oil -- नारियल का तेल, गोले का तेल, गरी का तेल '''upiru''' -- coconut water -- नारीयल का पानी '''uru''' -- spring -- झरना '''eina''' -- and -- और '''eeina''' -- from, with, by -- से '''eengangmachu''' -- yellow colour -- पीला रंग '''oikathei''' -- to smear the floor with cowdung -- फर्श को लीपना (गोबर से) '''oko''' -- box -- सन्दूक, पेटी, बाक्स '''okolāā''' -- gramaphone -- ग्रामोफ़ोन '''okkapei''' -- to be durable -- टिकाऊ होना '''ongyengkui''' -- peacock -- मोर '''ochā''' -- teacher -- शिक्षक, गुरु, अध्यापक '''otkhamakhun''' -- to be labourious -- मेहनती होना '''otpam''' -- office -- कार्यालय '''otphun''' -- duty -- कर्तव्य '''otsin''' -- responsibility -- उत्तरदायित्व '''otsinthem''' -- practicality -- व्यावहारिकता '''otshen''' -- numerals -- संख्या '''onkashat''' -- to intercept -- बाधा डालना, बीच में रोकना '''onshat''' -- interception -- बाधा, रूकावट '''orthem''' -- education -- शिक्षा '''ookathui''' -- world -- दुनिया '''ooklamyan''' -- geography -- भूगोल '''ookhari''' -- miser -- कंजूस '''kā''' -- forehead -- माथा, ललाट '''kāikashi''' -- to rebel -- विद्रोह करना '''kāng''' -- mosquito -- मच्छर '''kāngku''' -- swing -- झूला '''kāngkakhui''' -- to grip one in the waist -- कमर से पकड़ना '''kāngkan''' -- mosquito-net -- मच्छरदानी '''kāngkhayui''' -- to hang (things) -- टाँगना, लटकाना, टँगना, लटकना '''kāngphei''' -- wheel -- पहिया '''kāngru''' -- anklet made of bronze or ivory -- पायजेब (तांबे का) '''kānchithei''' -- ball -- गेंद '''kāntāā''' -- fishing net (used by women) -- (स्त्रियों द्वारा प्रयोग किया जाने वाला) '''kāntāh''' -- bell -- घण्टी '''kāpkathat''' -- to kill one by shooting -- गोली मार कर प्राण लेना '''kārphang''' -- an instrument used to remove weed or grass, sickle -- एक औज़ार जिससे घास निकाली जाती है। दराँती, हँसिया '''kārhui''' -- a type of broom stick with a long handle (It is in the shape of a fork) -- एक प्रकार की झाड़ (जिसका डंडा बड़ा होता है और शक्कल काँटे की तरह होती हैं) '''kāākharam''' -- to be greedy -- लालची होना '''kāākashung''' -- to get matured -- परिपक्व होना, वयस्क होना '''kihom''' -- pine-apple -- अनन्नास '''kii''' -- marker for incompletive action -- अपूर्ण कार्य का सूचक '''kui''' -- head -- सिर '''kuikachichap''' -- to cut the hair -- बाल काटना '''kuikapā''' -- to be giddy -- चक्कर आना '''kui kasāā''' -- to lend -- उधार देना '''kuikasi''' -- to shave the head -- सिर मूँडना '''kuikhanam''' -- to encircle -- घेरना '''kuikhamarei''' -- to encircle above one's head -- सिर के ऊपर मंडराना, चक्कर लगाना '''kuingai''' -- bald head -- गंजा सिर '''kuithei''' -- a cloth worn in form of a turban over the head (man) -- एक कपड़ा (जिसे पुरूषों के द्वारा पगड़ी की तरह पहना जाता हैं) '''kuirāng''' -- leopard -- तेंदुआ '''kuiru''' -- shull -- खोपड़ी '''kuirun''' -- turban -- पगड़ी, साफ़ा '''kuira''' -- mistress -- श्रीमती '''kuirat''' -- Tangkhul method of haircut -- ताड़खुल लोगों का बाल काटने का एक ढंग '''kuirok''' -- mole -- मस्सा '''kuitom''' -- a piece of cloth worn by ladies on the head while working -- स्त्रियों द्वारा काम करते समय सिर पर बाँधा जाने वाला कपड़े का टुकड़ा '''kuirop''' -- a piece of cloth worn by men on the head while working -- पुरूषों द्वारा काम करते समय सिर पर बाँधा जाने वाला कपड़े का टुकड़ा '''kuilumlā''' -- unmarried girl -- कुंआरी, अविवाहित लड़की '''kuisamok''' -- pig tail -- चोटी '''kuihon''' -- cap -- टोपी '''kukharāk''' -- to chuckle (hen) -- कुड़कुड़ाना (मुर्गी) '''kuchāi''' -- earth worm -- केंचुआ '''kupkahāi''' -- to complete -- पूरा करना '''kupthang''' -- sixth day of the week (Saturday) -- सप्ताह का छठा दिन (शनिवार) '''kumphā''' -- mattress -- गद्दा '''kummei''' -- rituals in a festival -- त्यौहार के अनुष्ठान '''kulā''' -- shade (of a person, or animal) -- छाया (आदमी या जानवर की) '''kulākashi''' -- to be danger -- खतरे में होना '''kulom''' -- worm -- कीड़ा '''kushā''' -- louse -- जूँ '''kuhā''' -- honey bee -- मधुमक्खी '''kerālā''' -- bitter gourd -- करेला '''keho''' -- grass -- घास '''#NAME?''' -- optative marker -- इच्छा-बोधक प्रत्यय '''kaiā kashi''' -- to regard -- आदर करना '''kaiāng''' -- courtyard -- आँगन '''kaiānghan''' -- mustard -- राई, सरसों '''kaithei''' -- market -- बाज़ार '''kainung''' -- capital city -- राजधानी '''kairāk''' -- ladder -- सीढ़ी '''kakān''' -- to be over (things being sold out) -- खतम होना (चीज़ो का बिककर) '''kakān''' -- to cross, to pass through -- पार करना, गुजरना '''kakāp''' -- to shoot -- दागना (गोली) '''kakām''' -- to exhaust -- खतम करना '''kakāā ''' -- to ascend -- चढ़ना '''kakui''' -- to round -- घुमाना '''kakup''' -- to be over (like function, ceremony, etc.) -- पूरा होना, समाप्त होना (कोई उत्सव या समारोह) '''kakum''' -- to conspire -- षडयंत्र करना '''kakei ''' -- to rear up -- पालन-पोषण करना '''kaket''' -- to cancel -- रद्द करना '''kakak''' -- to fix (rates etc.) -- तय करना (मूल्य आदि) '''kakakuk''' -- to tell secretly -- गुप्त रूप से बताना '''kakating''' -- to straighten (one's body) -- सीधा करना (देह) '''kakating ''' -- to ring the bell -- घण्टी बजाना '''kakatir''' -- to quiver -- काँपना '''kakathing''' -- to toss (a coin) -- उछालना (सिक्का) '''kakatat''' -- to cut -- काटना '''kakatom''' -- to support -- सहारा देना '''kakathang''' -- to stamp one's foot on the floor -- ज़मीन पर पैर पटकना '''kakapik''' -- to tell lie -- झूठ बोलना '''kakapiye''' -- writer, author -- लेखक '''kakapiaew''' -- to search -- खोजना, ढूँढना '''kakapu''' -- to puff the smoke -- धुँआ छोड़ना '''kakapum''' -- to mutter -- बुदबुदाना '''kakapei''' -- to look front and back -- आगे पीछे देखना '''kakapang''' -- to select -- चुनना '''kakaphiye''' -- to slap -- थप्पड़ मारना '''kakalap ''' -- to tie (inanimate things) -- बाँधना (निर्जीव पदार्थ) '''kakasim''' -- to sniff -- सुड़कना '''kakasir''' -- to challenge -- चुनौती देना '''kaksui''' -- to snuff, to inhale -- सुँघनी लेना, कश खींचना '''kakasot''' -- to in sult -- बेइज्जती करना, अपमान करना '''kakasom''' -- to sound when a heated iron is put into water -- छुनछुनाना (गर्म लोहे को पानी में रखने जैसा) '''kakaza''' -- to be ill -- बीमार होना '''kakazip''' -- to assemble, to collect -- इकट्ठा होना, इकट्ठा करना '''kakazip''' -- to store in a place -- जमा करना (किसी स्थान पर) '''kakazun''' -- to follow with a clue -- सुराग के आधार पर पीछा करना '''kakashik''' -- to get opinion about thing or person from the public -- किसी वस्तु या व्यक्ति के विषय में जनता की राय जानना '''kakashui''' -- to frighten -- धमकाना, डराना '''kakashut''' -- to polish -- चमकाना, पालिश करना '''kakashut''' -- to brush one's teeth -- दाँत माँजना '''kakasham''' -- to drive away -- हाँकना, भगाना '''kakahāp''' -- to flap -- मोड़ना '''kakahār''' -- to screen -- पर्दा लगाना '''kakahāw''' -- to desire -- चाहना, इच्छा करना '''kakahew''' -- to smear -- लेप करना '''kakahan''' -- to be unable to breath -- दम घुटना '''kakaho''' -- to cheer -- खुश करना, खुश होना '''kakot''' -- to dig and take -- खोद कर निकालना '''kakkhangashu''' -- to be dumb -- गूँगा होना '''kaksui''' -- breadth -- चौड़ाई '''kakhā''' -- to be bitter -- कड़वा होना '''kakhāi''' -- to stir (with a laddle) -- चलाना (कलछी से) घोटना '''kakhāng''' -- to endure (physical) -- झेलना, सहना '''kakhām''' -- to stop -- रोकना '''kakhui''' -- to take -- लेना '''kakhum''' -- to strave -- भूखा मरना '''kakhum''' -- to cover with a lid -- ढकना (ढक्कन से) '''kakhei''' -- to be drifted in water -- बह जाना, प्रवाहित होना '''kakhaiāw''' -- to wash the head (man) -- सिर धोना (पुरुष का) '''kakhaiaii''' -- to make equal -- बराबर करना '''kakhaiai''' -- to change -- बदलना '''kakhaiak''' -- to feel shame -- झेंपना, लज्जित होना '''kakhachui''' -- to protect -- रक्षा करना '''kakhat''' -- to make a mark as a sign on an object -- पहचान के लिए निशान लगाना '''kakhathir''' -- to shiver -- ठिठुरना '''kakhaning''' -- to round up -- घेराव करना '''kakhanuk''' -- to shake -- झंकझोरना '''kakhanuk''' -- to tremble -- थरथराना '''kakhanang''' -- to be sad -- उदास होना '''kakhayi''' -- to rinse with water -- खँगालना '''kakhayit''' -- whirling -- भँवर '''kakhayit''' -- to move the sword fastly hither and thither. -- तेज़ी से इधर-उधर तलवार चलाना '''kakhayit''' -- to make gesture -- हाव-भाव दिखाना '''kakhayip''' -- to wink -- झपकना '''kakhar''' -- to germinate -- अंकुरित होना '''kakharā''' -- to sharpen knife, etc. -- तेज़ करना (चाकू) '''kakhari''' -- to influence -- प्रभाव डालना '''kakharu''' -- diminish an object by magic -- जादू से किसी चीज को छोटा करना '''kakharui ''' -- to save (money, things etc.) -- बचाना (पैसा, वस्तुएँ आदि) '''kakharur''' -- fever -- बुखार '''kakharar''' -- to quarrel -- झगड़ना '''kakharom''' -- to pursue -- जोर डालना '''kakhakā''' -- to untie, to release -- खोलना, मुक्त करना '''kakhalui''' -- to roll (something) -- लपेटना (कुछ चीज) '''kakhalat''' -- meaning -- अर्थ, मतलब '''kakhalat''' -- to do oneself -- खुद करना '''kakhalan''' -- to refuse (any thing) -- मना करना '''kakhalap''' -- to tie, to bind -- बाँधना '''kakhasham''' -- to drive away -- हाँकना, भगाना '''kakhon''' -- to sound, to make noise -- चीखना, शोर मचाना '''kakhop''' -- to stitch -- सीना '''kachā''' -- to match -- मिलाना '''kachāi''' -- tape-worm -- टेपवर्म '''kachāi''' -- to scatter -- बिखेरना '''kachāk''' -- sling -- गुलेल '''kachāk''' -- to calculate -- गिनना, हिसाब लगाना '''kachāng''' -- month -- महीना '''kachang''' -- moon -- चाँद '''kachāp''' -- to weep -- रोना '''kachām''' -- to be poor -- गरीब होना '''kachāw''' -- to be without fail -- जरूर होना '''kachi''' -- which -- कौन-सा '''kachikat''' -- to offer -- प्रस्तुत करना, प्रदान करना '''kachikhei''' -- to cause a person or an object to be drifted in water. -- पानी में बहाया जाना (व्यक्ति या वस्तु) '''kaching''' -- to be always -- हमेशा होना '''kachichāi''' -- to snatch, to nip -- छीनना, तोड़ना '''kachichāp''' -- to clip, to seissor -- कतरना, काटना (कैंची) '''kachichang''' -- to carry one by holding -- पकड़ कर ले जाना '''kachithei''' -- to show -- दिखाना '''kachipem''' -- to fill -- भरना '''kachipat''' -- to insult one due to one's power -- अधिकार का लाभ उठाते हुए किसी की बेइज्जती करना '''kachipo''' -- to repair -- मरम्मत करना '''kachiphun''' -- to send things -- भेजना (चीजें) '''kachiphum''' -- to bury -- गाड़ना, दफनाना '''kachiphan''' -- to keep -- रखना '''kachisin''' -- to make someone to hold -- पकड़ाये रखना '''kachizan''' -- to hide in the ground -- जमीन में गाड़ कर छिपाना '''kachishāt''' -- notice -- नोटिस, सूचना '''kachishāt''' -- to inform -- सुचित करना '''kachiza''' -- to aim -- निशाना साधना '''kachihān''' -- to hope -- आशा करना, आशा होना '''kachihut''' -- to send or give a girl in marriage -- कन्यादान करना, लड़की को विवाह में विदा करना '''kachihan''' -- to trust -- विश्वास करना '''kachoho''' -- to send for -- बुला भेजना '''kachui''' -- to burn -- जलाना '''kachuk''' -- to point out -- इशारा करना '''kachuk''' -- to estimate -- अन्दाजा लगाना '''kachung''' -- to be more -- ज्यादा होना '''kachum''' -- to dip -- डूबना, डुबोना '''kachum''' -- to misunderstand -- गलत समझना '''kachuui''' -- to be tall, high -- लम्बा होना, और ऊँचा होना '''kachuhi''' -- to dig -- खोदना, खुदना '''kachang''' -- to toil -- (कड़ी) मेहनत करना '''kachangkat''' -- to be real -- असली होना '''kachat''' -- to break -- तोड़ना '''kachan''' -- to follow -- पीछे जाना '''kacham''' -- to be old -- बूढ़ा होना, पुराना होना '''kachar''' -- to be white -- सफेद होना '''kachot''' -- to pain, to ache -- दुखना, दुखाना '''kachot''' -- to be tired -- थकना '''kachon''' -- cloth -- कपड़ा '''kachor''' -- to dissolve -- घोलना, घुलना '''katai''' -- to be late -- देर होना '''katāk''' -- to dash with -- टकराना '''katāā''' -- far off place -- दूर की जगह '''katāh''' -- to move down -- नीचे की ओर जाना '''katip''' -- to fold (umbrella etc.) -- बन्द करना (छतरी) '''katiyew''' -- to be little -- थोड़ा होना '''katu''' -- to cut the trees -- काटना (पेड़) '''katuk''' -- to rape -- बलात्कार करना '''katuk''' -- to press below the other -- दबाना (एक के नीचे दूसरे को) '''katai ''' -- to paint -- रंगना '''katak''' -- to look (stealthily) -- चोर नज़रों से देखना '''katam''' -- lesson -- पाठ '''katamnāw''' -- student -- विद्यार्थी '''kato''' -- to pierce (with spear, etc.) -- भोंकना (भाले आदि से) '''katong''' -- to get profit -- लाभ होना '''katong''' -- to bargain -- मोल-तोल करना '''katōōng''' -- to ride -- सवारी करना '''kathā''' -- ass -- गधा '''kathā''' -- to be similar -- समान होना '''kathā''' -- how -- कैसे '''kathāi''' -- to be hungry -- भूखा होना '''kathāk''' -- to be haste -- जल्दी होना '''kathān''' -- to head -- आगे चलना '''kathām''' -- to aim at -- निशाना साधना '''kathāw''' -- to be fat -- मोटा होना '''kathāw''' -- to drive (vehicle) -- ड्राइव करना '''kathih''' -- to die -- मरना '''kathihkasham''' -- funeral ceremony -- दाह-संस्कार '''kathui''' -- to go away -- दूर हटना '''kathuk''' -- to be deep -- गहरा होना '''kathum''' -- three -- तीन '''kathur''' -- to be sour -- खट्टा होना '''kathei''' -- to see -- देखना '''katham''' -- to study -- सीखना '''kathem''' -- to know -- जानना '''kathem''' -- to be skilful -- कुशल होना '''kathang''' -- to be over -- ख़तम होना '''kathang''' -- to wear a bamboo tube in the waist to collect fish, etc. -- कमर में बाँधना '''kathang''' -- to become dry -- सूखना '''kathar''' -- to be fresh -- ताज़ा होना '''katharāk''' -- to strangle -- गला घोंटना '''kathara''' -- holy person, saint -- संत '''kathong''' -- to be whole -- संपूर्ण होना '''kānkakhui''' -- to save -- बचाना '''kankanā''' -- to be useful -- उपयोगी होना '''kap''' -- Burma -- बर्मा '''kapā''' -- to be mad -- पागल होना '''kapāi''' -- to be cheap -- सस्ता होना '''kapā khui''' -- black-bee -- भौंरा '''kapāng''' -- to divorce -- तलाक देना '''kapāng''' -- to depart -- अलग करना '''kapān''' -- to rule -- शासन करना '''kapār''' -- to be rotten -- सड़ना '''kapāā''' -- bamboo split -- खपच्ची (बाँस की) '''kapāh''' -- to read -- पढ़ना '''kapāhi''' -- to make a high jump -- ऊँची कूद लगाना '''kaping''' -- to be courageous -- साहसी होना '''kapim''' -- needle -- सुई '''kapuk''' -- fermentation -- खमीर '''kapum''' -- night hawk -- बाज़ (रात का) '''kapurham''' -- native smoking pot -- हुक्का '''kapei''' -- ladle -- कलछी '''kapen''' -- to feel tired after hard labour -- कड़ी मेहनत के बाद थका हुआ महसूस करना '''kapen''' -- to accuse -- दोष देना '''kapem''' -- to be full -- भर जाना '''kapu''' -- to perch -- आराम करने के लिए उतरना (पक्षियों का) '''kapang''' -- to be strong -- मजबूत होना '''kapang''' -- to be loud -- ऊँचा होना (आवाज़ का) '''kapachā''' -- hinge -- कब्ज़ा '''kapan''' -- to settle, to make fence. -- बसना '''kapan''' -- to make fence -- बाड़ लगाना '''kapam''' -- to sit -- बैठना '''kapam''' -- to remain -- रहना '''kapem''' -- a sharp long stick used in weaving -- बुनाई के लिए बाँस की तेज़ धार वाली लम्बी छड़ी '''kapar''' -- to take (things) with hands -- हाथों में ले जाना (चीजें) '''kapar''' -- to put things on the upper surface -- चीजों का ऊपर लगाना '''kapo''' -- to beg -- भीख माँगना '''kapong''' -- to hint -- संकेत देना '''kapothei''' -- pomegranate -- अनार '''kapon''' -- to be full -- भर जाना '''kapōō''' -- a type of drum, round and long -- एक तरह का लम्बा और गोल ढोल '''kaprangku''' -- silk worm -- रेशम का कीड़ा '''kaprangthip''' -- cocoon -- कोया '''kaphā''' -- to search -- ढूँढना, खोजना '''kaphāi''' -- an instrument used by mason -- करनी (जिसे राजगीर प्रयोग में लाते हैं ) '''kaphāā''' -- to be good -- अच्छा होना '''kaphāh''' -- to pluck flowers -- फूल तोड़ना '''kaphin''' -- bund (field) -- बाँध (खेत में) '''kaphin''' -- to obstruct a riverpath for irrigation -- नदी पर बाँध बाँधना (सिंचाई के लिए) '''kaphiyew''' -- to wash the feet, to the wash the floor, to wash the glass -- धोना (पैर, जमीन, गिलास) '''kaphiyak''' -- to be flat -- चपटा होना, सपाट होना '''kaphiyat''' -- to plead for -- अदालत में प्रतिपादन करना '''kaphu''' -- to sacrifice -- बलिदान करना '''kaphui''' -- to expose (things for drying) by spreading them -- सूखने के लिए चीजों को फैलाकर खोलना '''kaphung''' -- to borrow money while playing cards, etc. -- ताश आदि खेलते समय पैसा उधार लेना '''kaphung''' -- to carry on one's shoulder -- ढोना या लादना (कंधे पर) '''kaphun''' -- to send -- भेजना '''kaphum''' -- to boil -- उबलना, उबालना '''kaphuu''' -- to fall down (leaves) -- झड़ना (पत्तियाँ) गिरना '''kaphuh''' -- to remove the skin from the skull of an animal. -- जानवर की खोपड़ो से खाल उतारना '''kaphuhng''' -- hill -- पहाड़ '''kaphuhngkhur''' -- stone cave -- गुफा '''kaphen''' -- to blame, to complain -- दोष देना, शिकायत करना '''kapher''' -- to shuttle -- शटल करना '''kaphan''' -- to blow (of air) -- फूँकना, फूँक मारना '''kaphaning''' -- to make feast -- दावत देना '''kaphaning''' -- to remember -- याद करना, याद आना '''kapham''' -- to crush -- कुचलना, पीसना '''kaphaiā''' -- to perform an offering ceremony -- कोई उत्सव करना '''kaphaiāi''' -- to spread (paddy) -- फैलाना (धान) '''kaphar''' -- to give birth -- जन्म देना '''kapharā''' -- to bear a child -- गर्भधारण करना '''kapharik''' -- to sting -- डंक मारना, जलन या चुभन होना '''kapharon''' -- to join threads, etc. -- रस्सी बटना '''kaphalung''' -- to be must -- बहुत जरुरी होना '''kaphalat''' -- to turn (something) over fire -- उलटना (किसी चीज को) आग पर '''kaphok''' -- to begin -- शुरू होना, शुरू करना '''kaphong''' -- to reveal, to expose (one's secret) -- खोलना (रहस्य) '''kaphong''' -- to profess -- दम भरना '''kaphon''' -- to publish -- प्रकाशित करना '''kaphor''' -- to decorate -- सजाना '''kaphoong''' -- to overflow -- बह निकलना '''kafu''' -- to continue -- जारी रहना '''kafu''' -- to join a party during a quarrel or war etc. -- झगड़े या लड़ाई में किसी एक पक्ष की तरफ होना '''kamachor''' -- saliva -- लार '''kampor''' -- blanket -- कम्बल '''kayāng''' -- garden -- बाग '''kayum''' -- to kill -- मारना '''kayon''' -- to be faulty -- दोषी होना '''karot''' -- court -- अदालत '''karkāw''' -- spider -- मकड़ी '''kala''' -- marker for asymmetric conjunction -- और '''kasāi''' -- to be not-serious in doing -- किसी कार्य में गम्भीर न होना '''kasāng''' -- to be long -- लम्बा होना '''kasāthei''' -- chilly -- मिर्च '''kasār''' -- to be old (in age) -- बूढ़ा होना '''kasāra''' -- old man; grand father -- बूढ़ा आदमी, बाबा, दादा '''kasāā''' -- to do -- करना '''kasāh''' -- to heat -- गरम करना, गरम होना '''kasi''' -- to stir -- घोटना, घुटना '''kasi''' -- to draw water from a pond or well -- पानी खींचना (तालाब या कुएँ से) '''kasik''' -- to be cold -- ठण्डा होना '''kasing''' -- to hold -- पकड़ना '''kasingtit''' -- to grip tightly -- जकड़ना '''kasit''' -- to spurt -- फूट निकालना '''kasit''' -- to send or come out suddenly -- अचानक भेजना या निकलना '''kasiyew''' -- to scratch with knife -- चाकू से खुरचना '''kasih''' -- to shave -- हजामत बनाना '''kasihr kharar''' -- to sprinkle -- छिड़कना '''kasu''' -- to set fire -- आग लगाना '''kasui''' -- thorn -- काँटा '''kasut''' -- to remove one's head dress or ornaments -- उतारना (सिर, पोषाक और गहने) '''kasut''' -- to pull out -- खींचना '''kasur''' -- to squeeze -- निचोड़ना, निचुड़ना '''kasur''' -- to milk -- दुहना '''kasuui''' -- to tempt -- ललचाना '''kasuhi''' -- to sharpen a (bamboo) -- नोंक बनाना (बाँस की) '''kasem ''' -- to construct, to make -- निर्माण करना, बनाना '''kasak''' -- to be costly -- मँहगा होना '''kasak''' -- to be difficult -- मुश्किल होना '''kasang''' -- to join (in shool, office etc.) -- भर्ती होना (स्कूल या कार्यालय-प्रवेश लेना-आदि में) '''kasang''' -- to wear (shirt, jewel, ring etc.) -- पहनना (कमीज, गहना, अँगूठी आदि) '''kasang''' -- to place (something) carefully -- सावधानी से रखना (कोई वस्तु) '''kasan''' -- to be tired -- थक जाना '''kāsanā''' -- tax -- कर '''kasok''' -- to take out from a hole -- सुराख में से निकालना '''kasor''' -- to exaggerate -- बढ़ा-चढ़ा कर कहना '''kazā''' -- to take food -- खाना खाना '''kazāt''' -- disease -- बीमारी, रोग '''kazāt''' -- to be ill -- बीमार होना '''kazān''' -- to stretch out -- पसारना, तानना '''kazāw''' -- bangle -- चूड़ी '''kazik''' -- to be black -- काला होना '''kazing''' -- sun -- सूर्य, सूरज '''kazingkhu''' -- lion -- शेर '''kazingkhangashum''' -- thunder -- गर्जन, गड़गड़ाहट '''kazingkharo''' -- rain -- बारिश, वर्षा '''kazingram''' -- heaven -- स्वर्ग '''kazingram''' -- sky -- आकाश '''kazingrāw''' -- angel -- देवदूत '''kazipkā''' -- hall -- बड़ा कमरा, हॉल '''kazim''' -- to suck (liquids) through a straw -- चूसना (तरल पेय को पतली नली से) '''kazir''' -- to weave in the loom -- बुनना (करघे पर) '''kazu''' -- to be an expert -- कुशल होना '''kazung''' -- to drown -- डूबना '''kazun''' -- to trace someone with a clue -- सुराग के आधार पर पता लगाना '''kazei''' -- spear -- भाला '''kazeiru''' -- thread -- धागा '''kazeiram''' -- hell -- नरक '''kazai''' -- dislike -- नापसन्द करना '''kazang''' -- to expend -- खर्चना, व्यय करना '''kazat''' -- to walk -- चलना '''kazang''' -- to be sharp -- तेज होना '''kzam''' -- to spoil -- बिगड़ना, बिगाड़ना '''kazawsā''' -- brass -- पीतल '''kazok''' -- to get one's head hit due to one's tallness while entering a gate etc. -- दरवाजे से सिर टकराना (लम्बा होने के कारण) '''kashāi''' -- strap of a basket -- पट्टी (टोकरी की) '''kashāi''' -- to eat meat, fruit etc. -- खाना (माँस, फल आदि) '''kashāng''' -- to be tall -- लम्बा होना '''kashāng''' -- to be rich -- अमीर होना '''kashāt''' -- thorns kept around the fence -- बाड़ में लगे काँटे '''kashān''' -- waist, shirt -- कमर, कमीज '''kashān''' -- upper garment (shirt) -- ऊपर पहना जाने वाला कपड़ा '''kashān''' -- to count -- गिनना '''kashāp''' -- to keep in mind -- याद रखना '''kashāp''' -- to fix -- ठीक करना '''kashār''' -- to prohibit -- मना करना, निषेध करना '''kashāw''' -- to beat -- पीटना, मारना '''kashāā''' -- to be thick -- मोटा या गाढ़ा होना '''kashāāi''' -- to lean -- झुकना, झुकाना '''kashāh''' -- to hear -- सुनना '''kashāhi''' -- to eat fruit -- खाना (फल) '''kashi''' -- to be bad -- बुरा होना '''kashing''' -- to be clever -- चालाक होना '''kashing''' -- to close (pen etc.) -- बन्द करना (कलम आदि) '''kashim''' -- to be sweet -- मीठा होना '''kashimān''' -- to ruin -- नष्ट करना, नष्ट होना '''kashimān''' -- to loose (money etc.) -- खोना (पैसा आदि) '''kashimit''' -- to dismantle -- बिखेरना, उधेड़ना '''kashimen''' -- to drag -- घसीटना '''kashiyop''' -- to keep something in arm pit -- किसी चीज को बगल में दबाना '''kashirei''' -- to squeeze with a twist (cloth) -- कसकर निचोड़ना (कपड़ा) '''kashirei''' -- to grind paddy -- पीसना (धान) '''kashire''' -- to wrench -- मरोड़ना '''kashiren''' -- to press -- दबाना '''kashilep''' -- to send a thing -- भेजना (चीज़) '''kashilew''' -- to roll -- लपेटना, लोटना '''kashiwāt''' -- to send a message -- संदेशा भेजना '''kashiwām''' -- to lose -- खो जाना, खो देना '''kashu''' -- to learn -- सीखना, जानना '''kashui''' -- to rotten -- सड़ाना, सड़ना '''kashuirak''' -- to be sudden -- अचानक हो जाना '''kashuk''' -- to borrow (money) -- उधार लेना (पैसा) '''kashung''' -- to aim at -- निशाना साधना '''kashung''' -- to reach -- पहुँचना '''kashung''' -- to close -- बन्द करना (किताब आदि) '''kashun''' -- to errect, to install -- सीधा करना, स्थापित करना '''kashup''' -- to take with fingers -- उँगलियों से पकड़ना '''kashur''' -- to follow one -- पीछा करना, अनुसरण करना '''kashur''' -- to intimate -- नकल करना '''kashuu''' -- to hatch (hen) -- सेना (अण्डे) '''kashu''' -- to bark -- भौंकना '''kashuh''' -- to be short -- छोटा होना '''kashuh''' -- to mix hot and cold water together -- गर्म और ठण्डा पानी मिलाना '''kashak kazā''' -- food items -- खाद्य पदार्थ '''kashang''' -- to soak -- भीगना, भिगोना '''kashang''' -- to walk from a lower plain to a high plain -- चढ़ाई करना '''kashang''' -- shirt of a woman -- कुर्ती '''kashap''' -- to be capable -- समर्थ होना '''kasho''' -- rafter -- कड़ी '''kashok''' -- to draw (water etc.) -- खींचना (पानी आदि) '''kashok''' -- to exit -- बाहर निकलना '''kashong karang''' -- to fine (as a punishment) -- जुर्माना करना '''kashonglan''' -- fine -- जुर्माना '''kashom''' -- to transplant (sapplings) -- प्रतिरोपण करना, रोपना (पौधा) '''kashōō''' -- to open (door etc.) -- खोलना, खुलना (दरवाजा आदि) '''kahā''' -- to select -- चुनना '''kahāng''' -- to enclose -- संलग्न करना '''kahāt''' -- to reap the harvest, to cut grass -- फ़सल या घास काटना '''kahān''' -- to boil (things in cooking) -- उबालना, (पकते समय कोई वस्तु) '''kashān''' -- to glare -- चमकना '''kahār''' -- to expose (things) -- खोलना (चीजें) '''kahāā''' -- bamboo -- बाँस '''kahāāilāā''' -- act of shouting by a person while going to or coming from the field as a sign -- हाँक (खेत से आते जाते समय लगायी जाने वाली) '''kashing''' -- to shine -- चमकना '''kahin''' -- to be in glowing colour -- सुर्ख होना '''kahui''' -- to be late -- देर होना '''kahui''' -- to save -- बचाना '''kahun''' -- to bend a branch of a tree, or plant -- पेड़ या पौधे की डाली को झुकाना '''kahup''' -- to boil (raw materials) -- उबालना (कच्ची चीजें) '''kahur''' -- to fan -- पंखा झलना '''kahuung''' -- to be red -- लाल होना '''kahuhi''' -- to delay -- देरी होना, देरी करना '''kahuhng''' -- neck -- गर्दन '''kahei''' -- to pour (liquid) -- उँड़ेलना, उलीचना (तरल पदार्थ) '''kahek''' -- to pluck (flowers) -- तोड़ना (फूल) '''kahai''' -- to have -- होना '''kahai''' -- to retain -- रखना '''kahaiya''' -- concubine -- रखैल '''kahak''' -- to be big, to be great -- बड़ा होना, महान होना '''kahang''' -- to cook -- पकाना, पकना '''kahat''' -- to betray -- विश्वासघात करना '''kahan''' -- to retreat back -- वापस लौटना '''kahap''' -- to get scorch due to fire, to prevent -- झुलसना (आग से) '''kahap''' -- to prevent -- रोकना '''kaham''' -- to spread (cloth) -- फैलाना (कपड़े) '''kahar''' -- to stretch (things) -- फैलाना (चीजें) '''kahok''' -- to remove (shoes, hats etc. -- उतारना (जूते, टोप आदि) '''kahok''' -- to tie (animate things) -- बाँधना (सजीव चीजें) '''kahot''' -- to scratch one's body -- खुजाना (शरीर) '''kahon''' -- to put lower garments -- अधोवस्त्र पहनना '''kahon''' -- to long for -- चाहना '''kahom''' -- to drive (cattle) -- हाँकना '''kahor''' -- to shine (Sun) -- चमकना (सूरज) '''kahow''' -- to complete -- पूरा करना, पूरा होना '''kahoong''' -- to migrate -- विस्थापित होना '''koktui''' -- cuckoo -- कोयल '''koktui''' -- an elevated curved bowl used to crush chilly -- एक प्रकार का इमामदस्ता या ओखली (जिसमें मिर्च पीसी जाती हैं) '''kongkhalui''' -- to fall down from the tree -- गिरना (पेड़ से) '''kongkhalui''' -- to get collapsed -- बेहोश होकर गिर पड़ना '''kongphei''' -- river-bank -- नदी का किनारा '''kongrā''' -- river -- नदी '''kongrātuion''' -- echo -- गूँज, प्रतिध्वनि '''kongrānāw''' -- rivulet -- छोटी नदी, नाला '''konglāt''' -- snail (without shell and found in forest) -- घोंघा (जंगल में मिलने वाला जिसमें शैल नहीं है) '''kongsā''' -- a long necklace made of colourful beads -- रंग विरंगे मनकों को लम्बी माला '''konghār''' -- bee -- मधु-मक्खी '''konghāng''' -- butterfly -- तितली '''konghi''' -- sparrow -- गौरैय्या '''kotām''' -- botton -- बटन '''konkaku''' -- to bend (one self) -- झुकना (अपने आप) '''konkashi''' -- to curse -- कोसना '''kobi''' -- cabbage -- बन्दगोभी '''kobiwon''' -- cauliflower -- फूलगोभी '''kom''' -- digged hole -- गढ़ा, गड्ढा (खुदा हुआ) '''komlā''' -- orange -- सन्तरा '''korikasā''' -- copper smith -- ताम्रकार, ठठेरा '''korisā''' -- copper -- ताँबा '''kortār''' -- cymbol -- खड़ताल, मंजीरे '''kolāb''' -- rose -- गुलाब '''kolom''' -- pen -- कलम '''kowathei''' -- arecanut -- सुपारी '''khāimāithei''' -- pumpkin -- कद्दू '''khāiheng''' -- cough -- खाँसी '''khākarop''' -- to gossip -- गप्प मारना '''khākasai''' -- to move oneself from one place to another -- एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान को जाना '''khākkatāh''' -- order of the head-man -- मुखिया का आदेश '''khāksui''' -- breath -- साँस '''khāng''' -- pan -- तवा, कड़ाही '''khāp''' -- one span (measurement) -- एक बालिश्त (नाप) '''khāman''' -- tomato -- टमाटर '''khāmong''' -- door -- दरवाज़ा '''khāmongrān''' -- curtain -- परदा '''khāwāthei''' -- brinjal -- बैंगन '''khāwkakhu''' -- to bend one's leg and body -- टांग और शरीर को मोड़ना '''khāwrāthei''' -- fig -- अंजीर '''khāāi''' -- fish -- मछली '''khāāipharu''' -- water snake -- पानी का साँप, पनीहा, ढोंड़ा '''khāāiful''' -- frog -- मेंढक '''khāāirew''' -- crab -- केकड़ा '''khāāw''' -- grass-hopper -- टिड्डा '''khāhi''' -- dao -- छुरा '''khāhināw''' -- pen knife -- छोटा चाकू, छुरी '''khāhirāālung''' -- whetstone -- सान (पत्थर) '''khāhishāng''' -- thigh -- जाँघ '''khāhishāng''' -- handle of a dao -- छुरे की मूठ '''khāhihon''' -- sword-cover -- म्यान '''khāhw''' -- bag -- झोला, थैला '''khi''' -- what -- क्या '''khuikathui''' -- to remove -- हटाना '''khuikahai''' -- to substract -- घटाना '''khuikharāā''' -- to bring -- लाना '''khuiru''' -- honey -- शहद, मधु '''khuiruthāwmei''' -- candle stick -- मोमबत्ती '''khuksāw''' -- knee -- घुटना '''khutei''' -- to wear loin cloth -- धोती बाँधना '''khutam''' -- omen -- शकुन, सगुन '''khutlāi''' -- tool -- औजार '''khunu''' -- pigeon -- कबूतर '''khum''' -- season -- ऋतु, मौसम '''khumi''' -- stranger -- अजनबी '''khumang''' -- panther -- तेंदुआ, चीता '''khumkui''' -- pillow -- तकिया '''khumkatak''' -- hunch back -- कुबड़ा '''khumkhor''' -- back (of an animate being) -- (सजीव) पीठ '''khumrenru''' -- spinal cord -- मेरूदंड '''khurei''' -- tiger -- बाघ '''khulā''' -- shade -- छाया '''khulāringyot''' -- mirror -- शीशा, आईना '''kheing''' -- jewellery -- जेवर, जवाहरात, गहना '''khehu''' -- wheat -- गेहूँ '''kha''' -- adverbal marker (indicating quantity, quality, etc.) -- क्रिया विशेषण प्रत्यय (परिमाण, गुण आदि बोधक) '''kha''' -- interrogative marker) -- क्या (प्रश्नवाचक प्रत्यय) '''khaiā''' -- dignity -- मान-मर्यादा, प्रतिष्ठा '''khaiākashi''' -- to honour -- आदर करना '''khaiām''' -- to flee -- भाग जाना '''khaiu''' -- to be wet -- गीला होना '''khaiuh''' -- (tree) shade -- छाया (पेड़ की) '''khaion''' -- name of month (December) -- एक मास का नाम (दिसम्बर) '''khangāi''' -- meadow -- चरागाह '''khangāi''' -- to wish -- चाहना '''khangui''' -- to err -- गलती होना '''khangum''' -- to be round -- गोल होना '''khangaiā''' -- to scratch the sand (hen) -- मिट्टी कुरेदना (मुर्गी द्वारा) '''khangaiang''' -- to sift -- दनना, छानना '''khangaiat''' -- to argue -- बहस करना, तर्क देना '''khangaiang''' -- to leak -- चूना टपकना '''khangaiar''' -- to share -- हिस्सा बाँटना, हिस्सेदार होना '''khangaion''' -- to fight (birds with their beaks) -- चोंच लड़ाना '''khangak''' -- to guard -- पहरा देना, रक्षा करना '''khangakā''' -- to raise (body parts or things at hand) -- उठाना, तानना (शारीरिक अंग, हाथ की चीजें) '''khangakai''' -- to (break and) divide (solid things) -- तोड़कर बाँटना (ठोस पदार्थ) '''khangakuk''' -- to plan -- योजना बनाना '''khangakum''' -- to marriage -- शादी करना, विवाह करना '''khangakhai''' -- to scare -- डराना, भयभीत करना '''khangakhui''' -- to coil -- कुण्डली मारना '''khangakhun''' -- to pull -- खींचना '''khangakhor''' -- to roll here and there in bed -- बिस्तर में इधर-उधर लोटना, उलटना, करवटें बदलना '''khangachā''' -- habit -- आदत, स्वभाव '''khangachāi''' -- to bleach -- रंग छुड़ाना '''khangachi''' -- to be afraid -- डरना '''khangachit''' -- to take oath -- शपथ लेना '''khangachir''' -- to urinate -- पिसाब करना '''khangachei''' -- to interchange, to mix -- अदला-बदली करना, मिलाना '''khangachai''' -- to change -- बदलना, बदल जाना '''khangachang''' -- to conclude -- निष्कर्ष निकालना, निष्कर्ष निकलना, समाप्त करना, नतीजा निकालना '''khangacho''' -- to loose (the grip) -- ढीला करना (पकड़) '''khangachon''' -- to help -- सहायता करना, मदद करना '''khangachom''' -- to get one's leg immersed in mud -- दलदल में टाँगे फंसाना '''khangatuk''' -- to wrestle -- कुश्ती लड़ना '''khangateikasāā''' -- to replace -- बदलना, प्रतिस्थापन करना '''khangatar''' -- to be firm -- दृढ़ होना '''khangathāk''' -- to collide -- टकराना '''khangathi''' -- to get stuck between two objects or things -- दो चीजों के बीच में अटक जाना, अटका देना '''khangathing''' -- to make inquiry of -- पूछताछ करना '''khangathu''' -- to move fast here and there, to wash the head (of a lady) -- तेजो से इधर-उधर घूमना, विनिमय करना, सिर धोना (औरत का) '''khangathum''' -- to conceal -- छिपाना '''khangathar''' -- to straighten (something) -- सीधा करना '''khangathar''' -- to gurgle -- गड़गड़ना '''khanganā''' -- to listen -- ध्यान से सुनना '''khanganāi''' -- to be slippery -- फिसलन होना '''khanganāw''' -- to be fresh -- ताज़ा होना '''khanganir''' -- to shrink -- सिकुड़ना '''khanganui''' -- to be young -- युवा या जवान होना '''khanganuk''' -- to stammer -- हकलाना '''khanganun''' -- to shrink (clothes) -- सिकुड़ना (कपड़े) '''khanganei''' -- to slip due to loose grip of hand -- हाथ की पकड़ ढीली होने के कारण गिर पड़ना '''khanganai''' -- to be near -- पास होना '''khanganam''' -- to smell -- सूंधना, महकना '''khanganar''' -- to get involved (accidently) -- फँस जाना (संयोग से) '''khangano''' -- to nurse -- सेवा, शुश्रषा करना '''khangapāi''' -- to compete -- प्रतिस्पर्धा करना, मुकाबला करना '''khangapāi''' -- to slip away -- सरक जाना, फिसल जाना '''khangaphāi''' -- to rush for a thing -- किसी चीज के लिए तेज़ी से आगे बढ़ना, या रेलपेल मचाना '''khangapiyat''' -- to be soft (rice) after cooking -- पकने के बाद, मुलायम हो जाना (चावल) '''khangapei''' -- to earn -- कमाना '''khangapo''' -- to thrash (grains) -- गाहना (अनाज) '''khangapo''' -- to beat clothes (while washing) -- कूटना (धोते समय कपड़े) '''khangapon''' -- to loot -- लूटना '''khangaphin''' -- to block (a hole) -- बन्द करना (छेद) '''khangaphu''' -- to scatter (household things) -- बिखेरना, फैलाना (घरेलू वस्तुयें) '''khangaphum''' -- to sink -- डूबना, डूबोना '''khangapham''' -- to over take -- आगे ले जाना '''khangapho''' -- to double -- दुगुना करना, दुगुना होना '''khangaphong''' -- to float -- तैरना, तैराना '''khngami''' -- to be dark (matural) -- अंधेरा होना (प्राकृतिक) '''khangamu''' -- to fight (with bare hands, claws, etc.) -- लड़ना (हाथों और पंजों से) '''khangamen''' -- to move in the floor (like reptiles) -- फर्श पर रेंगना (सरीसृप की तरह) '''khangamar''' -- to be greedy -- लिप्सा होना, लालच होना '''khangayi''' -- to need -- आवश्यकता होना '''khangayim''' -- to shelter (temporarily) -- आश्रय देना, आश्रय लेना (अस्थायी रूप से) '''khangayei''' -- tiger-man -- पौराणिक चरित्र जो चीते का रूप धारण कर लेता हैं '''khangayan''' -- to leak -- चूना, टपकना '''khangayar''' -- to split (the bamboo) -- चीरना (बाँस), चिरना (बाँस) '''khangayo''' -- to look -- देखना '''khangar''' -- to snore -- खर्राटे लेना '''khangarāi''' -- to wait -- प्रतिक्षा करना, प्रतीक्षा होना '''khangarān''' -- to arrange, to make ready -- व्यवस्थित करना या होना, तैयार करना या होना '''khangarik''' -- to be naughty (boys) -- शैतान होना (लड़का) '''khangarin''' -- to have one's share -- अपना हिस्सा लेना '''khangaru''' -- diarrhoea -- दस्त, अतिसार '''khangaru''' -- to slip in the ground due to rain -- बारिश के कारण गीली जमीन पर फिसल जाना '''khangaruk''' -- to defend (in the war) -- बचाव करना (युद्ध में) '''khangarum''' -- to add -- जोड़ना, जुड़ना '''khangarei''' -- to twist, to turn -- मरोड़ना, बटना, पलटना '''khangarew''' -- to play -- खेलना '''khangarai''' -- to creep (creepers) -- चढ़ना (बेल) '''khangarar''' -- to fight (with weapons) -- लड़ना (हथियारों से) '''khangaron''' -- to jump up and down (aimlessly) -- ऊपर नीचे उछलना (बिना काम के) '''khangarok''' -- to be mutual -- आपस में होना '''khangalāk''' -- to divide into two -- दो भागों में बाँटना '''khangalāt''' -- to copulate -- मैथुन करना '''khangalew''' -- to turn this side and that side in bed -- बिस्तर में इधर उधर लोटना, करवटें बदलना '''khangawā''' -- to be thin -- बारीक या पतला होना '''khangawā''' -- to possess -- का अधिकारी होना '''khangawāt''' -- to be soft (mud) -- मुलायम या नरम होना (मिट्टी) '''khangawu''' -- to shoulder a load -- बोझ को संभालना '''khangawam''' -- to embrace -- आलिंगन करना, गले लगाना '''khangawai''' -- to wear (a shawl or a dress) -- ओढ़ना, पहनना (शाल या पोषाक) '''khangawap''' -- to stick -- चिपकना, चिपकाना '''khangawo''' -- to crawl -- रेगना, सरकना '''khangawok''' -- to jump -- कूदना '''khagasā''' -- to become -- बनना, जँचना '''khangasān''' -- to consult -- सलाह-मशविरा करना, सलाह मशविरा होना '''khangasām''' -- to retire, to rest -- सेवा-निवृत्त होना, आराम करना '''khangasu''' -- to wash clothes -- कपड़े धोना '''khangasui''' -- to go for stools (human beings) -- पाखाने जाना (मनुष्य) '''khangasung''' -- to be in opposition -- विरोधी होना '''khangasun''' -- to be face to face -- आमने-सामने होना '''khangasan''' -- to be weak -- कमज़ोर होना, दुर्बल होना '''khangasam''' -- to stop temporarily, to take rest -- अस्थायी समय के लिए रुकना, आराम करना '''khangasar''' -- to be naughty (girls) -- नटखट या शैतान होना (लड़कियाँ) '''khangaso''' -- to accompany -- साथ देना '''khangazing''' -- to shrink (one's body) -- सिकोड़ना (शरीर) '''khangazing''' -- to be stingy -- कंजूस होना '''khangazihng''' -- to spend economically -- किफ़ायन से खर्च करना '''khangazon''' -- to lift (done by more than one person) -- उठाना (एक से ज्यादा व्यक्तियों द्वारा) '''khangashāi''' -- to subscribe -- चंदा देना '''khangashik''' -- to attach -- जोड़ना, जुड़ना '''khangashing''' -- to fly round -- चारों ओर उड़ना '''khangshir''' -- to combine -- जोड़ना, जुड़ना, मिलाना, मिलना '''khangashit''' -- to promise -- वादा करना '''khangashu''' -- to be dumb -- गूँगा होना '''khangashu''' -- to get choked in the throat -- गला भर आना '''khangashu''' -- to mix together (solids) -- मिश्रण करना (ठोस चीज़) '''khamashung''' -- to be true -- सच होना, सही होना '''khangshum''' -- to attack -- आक्रमण करना '''khangashei''' -- to pain -- पीड़ा होना, दर्द होना '''khangashai''' -- to glitter -- चमकना '''khangasham''' -- intercourse -- संभोग '''khangashan''' -- to peep into -- झाँकना '''khangahā''' -- to nurse -- सेवा शुश्रुषा करना '''khangahā''' -- treatment (medical) -- चिकित्सा, इलाज '''khangahāi''' -- to claim -- दावा करना '''khangahāt''' -- argument -- बहस '''khangahān''' -- to ask -- पूछना '''khangahiyew''' -- to compare (quality) -- तुलना करना (गुण) '''khangahui''' -- to produce sound while carrying heavy loads -- भारी बोझ ढोते समय शब्द करना '''khangahan''' -- to compete -- प्रतिस्पर्धा करना, मुकाबला करना '''khangaham''' -- to be in level (surface) -- समतल होना (सतह) '''khangaham''' -- to be smooth (surface) -- चिकनी होना (सतह) '''khangahot''' -- to advocate -- पैरवी करना '''khangahon''' -- to wear (cap or head-dress) -- पहनना (सिर का पहनावा) '''khangahom''' -- to chase (human beings) -- पीछा करना (आदमी का) '''khangok''' -- to pop -- फूलना '''khangkaku''' -- to cling -- जुड़ना, चिपकना '''khan''' -- balance -- तराजू '''khanā''' -- ear -- कान '''khanāi''' -- to be near -- पास होना, नजदीक होना '''khanāk''' -- to protect, to defend -- बचाव करना '''khanā khangakok''' -- to be deaf -- बहरा होना '''khanāp''' -- to fix (on the wall) -- लगाना, गाड़ना (दीवार पर) '''khanām''' -- to give loan (with interest) -- ऋण देना (व्याज पर) '''khanān''' -- to smear -- लेपना '''khanāāi''' -- to stamp -- मोहर लगाना '''khanāhi''' -- to grind -- पीसना, पिसना '''khanar''' -- to put a bandage -- पट्टी बाँधना '''khanan''' -- to be late -- विलम्ब होना, देर होना '''khananthumma''' -- day before yesterday -- परसों (बीता हुआ) '''khani''' -- two -- दो '''khaning kakā''' -- to erect -- सीधा करना, तानना '''khanit popop''' -- weeping and squeezing one's eyes -- आँखें मसल कर रोना '''khanim''' -- to be gentle -- नम्र होना '''khanim''' -- to be soft (mud) -- नर्म होना '''khaniyen''' -- to plaster -- पोतना '''khanir''' -- to make sound (by the bee) while taking honey -- शहद लेते समय भिनभिनाना (मक्खियों द्वारा) '''khanui''' -- to tame -- पालतू बनाना '''khanur''' -- to remove dust etc. by scratching -- खुरच कर साफ करना '''khanei''' -- an head wear which is made by rounding a small piece of long cloth over the head and the centre head remains visible, bandage -- कपड़े के एक छोटे टुकड़े को सिर के चारों ओर (बीच का हिस्सा छोड़कर) लपेट कर बनाया गया, एक प्रकार का साफा पट्टी '''khanei''' -- to put on -- पहनना (जेवर) '''khanem''' -- dwarf -- बौना '''khanem''' -- to be low -- नीचे होना '''khaner''' -- to arrest -- गिरफ्तार करना '''khanam''' -- to print -- छापना '''khanam''' -- to press -- दाबना '''khanam''' -- to snap -- फोटो खींचना '''khanar''' -- to detain -- रोक लेना '''khankhu''' -- husk -- भूसा '''khamā''' -- wound -- घाव, जख्म '''khamāi''' -- to stretch (elastic materials) -- खींचना, तानना '''khamāthān''' -- to be joyful -- खुश होना '''khamāthei''' -- maize (corn) -- मक्का '''khamit''' -- to erase, to rub off -- मिटाना, मिटना '''khamin''' -- landslide -- भू-स्खलन '''khamin''' -- to ripen -- पकाना, पकना '''khamiyew''' -- devil -- राक्षस, शैतान, दानव '''khamiyewshim''' -- temple -- मन्दिर '''khamui''' -- to advance in the battle field -- लड़ाई के मैदान में आगे बढ़ना '''khamung''' -- to reign -- राज्य करना '''khamuui''' -- to itch -- खुजली होना '''khamuui''' -- to poison -- विष देना '''khamuhi''' -- cake -- केक '''khamei''' -- tail -- पूँछ, दुम '''khamen''' -- epedemic -- छूत की बीमारी, संक्रामक रोग '''khamenāt''' -- to mix (objects) -- मिलाना (पदार्थ) '''khamai''' -- to pull (flexible objects) -- खींचना (लोचदार पदार्थ) '''khamaia''' -- to agree -- सहमत होना, राजी होना '''khamaiu''' -- to kiss -- चूमना, चुम्बन लेना '''khamaio''' -- to be beautiful (natural) -- सुन्दर होना (प्राकृतिक रूप से) '''khamaion''' -- to look, to guard -- देखना, पहरा देना '''khamakāi''' -- to bite -- काटना '''khamakui''' -- to be cool -- ठण्डा होना '''khamakhā''' -- to suffer from cough -- खाँसी से पीड़ीत होना '''khamakhar''' -- to lie down cross-wise -- बेड़ा बेड़ी (तिरछे) सोना लेटना '''khamakhān''' -- to be dirty -- गन्दा या मैला होना '''khamakhu''' -- to copulate -- मैथुन करना '''khamakhui''' -- to be crooked -- धूर्त होना '''khamang''' -- to drink -- पीना '''khamachik''' -- to wash the hands -- हाथ धोना '''khamachit''' -- threat -- धमकी '''khamachut''' -- to mark -- अंकित करना, चित्र लगाना, निशान लगाना '''khamachor''' -- to belch -- डकार लेना '''khamatāi''' -- to multiply -- गुणा करना '''khamatāk''' -- to be greenish -- हरियाली होना, हरा होना '''khamatāp''' -- to wash the face -- मुँह धोना '''khamatui''' -- to speak -- बोलना '''khamathei''' -- to lie down straightening one's body -- लेटना (शरीर को तानकर) '''khamathei''' -- to bear (fruit) -- फलना, फल होना '''khamathang''' -- sex -- काम (पुरुष-स्त्री) '''khamathan''' -- to be delighted -- खुश होना, प्रसन्न होना '''khamatho''' -- to do an action for a follow-up -- आदर्श कायम करने के लिए कोई काम करना '''khamanu''' -- to smile -- मुस्कुराना '''khamanui''' -- to be sticky -- चिपचिपा होना '''khamanui''' -- to rub clothes with two hands while washing -- धोते समय दोनों हाथों से कपड़े रगड़ना '''khamanui''' -- to fondle with the nipple of a girl -- लड़कों के स्तनाग्रों को सेंठने का खेल खेलना '''khamanui''' -- to massage one's body -- शरीर को मालिश करना '''khamanek''' -- to be smooth (body) -- चिकना होना (शरीर) '''khamano''' -- to be flexible -- लचीला होना (शरीर) '''khamaying''' -- to be blue -- नीला होना '''khamayut''' -- to wipe away the sweat -- पसीना पोंछना '''khamar''' -- hardness and strength -- कड़ापन तथा शक्ति '''khamar''' -- to be serious -- गम्भीर होना '''khamar''' -- to be more -- अधिक होना '''khamarik''' -- to be pointed -- नुकीला होना '''khamaru''' -- to peck -- चुगना, चोंच मारना '''khamarar''' -- to be solid (material) -- ठोस होना (पदार्थ) '''khamatai''' -- to forget -- भूलना '''khamataw''' -- to boil -- उबालना, उबलना '''khamali''' -- to blow (air) -- चलना (हवा), फूँक मारना '''khamalek''' -- to lick -- चाटना '''khamalo''' -- to vomit -- उल्टी करना '''khamasā''' -- to hire -- किराये पर लेना '''khamāsāi''' -- emptiness -- रिक्तता, खालीपन '''khamāsāi''' -- sky -- आकाश '''khamāsāi''' -- to be empty -- रिक्त होना, खाली होना '''khamasik''' -- to pinch -- चुटकी भरना '''khamasu''' -- to bind -- बाँधना '''khamasang''' -- to stretch (one's body for relaxation) -- पसारना (आराम के लिए), अँगड़ाई लेना '''khamazā''' -- underwear -- जांघिया, कच्छा '''khamazā''' -- to be spacious -- विस्तृत या बड़ा होना '''khamazan''' -- to scratch the bark for sap -- रस निकालने के लिए पेड़ की छाल खुरचना '''khamazap''' -- to taste (food) -- चखना (भोजन) '''khamazum''' -- bud -- कली '''khamashā''' -- to be wide -- चौड़ा होना '''khamashat''' -- to chide -- डाँटना, फटकारना '''khamashu''' -- to sharpen -- धार रखना, तेज करना '''khamashung''' -- to be honest -- ईमानदार होना '''khamashar''' -- to spit -- थूकना '''khamahan''' -- to be rough (surface) -- खुरदरा होना (सतह) '''khamahut''' -- to substitute -- स्थानापन्न करना '''khamongtāk''' -- door-latch -- कुण्डी, अर्गुला '''khamongrui''' -- a wooden latch fixed in a door -- काठ की चिटखनी जो दरवाजें में लगाई जाती हैं । '''khamor''' -- mouth -- मुँह '''khamrei''' -- main-door -- मुख्य द्वार '''khamshui''' -- walking stick -- छड़ी '''khayāi''' -- to push aside persons in crowd -- भीड़ में लोगों को एक ओर धकेलना '''khayām''' -- to escape -- बच निकलना '''khayām''' -- to retreat -- पीछे हटना '''khayān''' -- to sow (the seeds) -- बोना (बीज) '''khayāw''' -- to walk aim lessly -- निरुद्देश्य घूमना '''khayāhw''' -- to distribute -- बाँटना '''khayik''' -- to over shadow -- छा जाना, धुंधला करना '''khaying''' -- name of a month (April) -- एक मास का नाम (अप्रैल) '''khaying''' -- to become evening -- शाम होना '''khayui''' -- to win -- जीतना '''khayung''' -- to be stale -- बासी होना '''khayum''' -- to kill secretly other's animal and eat it. -- किसी दूसरे के जानवर को चुपचाप मार कर खा जाना '''khayum''' -- to be reddish black -- गहरा लाल होना '''khayur''' -- to melt -- पिघलना, पिघलाना '''khayak''' -- to draw (picture etc.) -- बनाना (चित्र आदि), खींचना '''khayang''' -- to look -- देखना '''khayat''' -- to criticise -- आलोचना करना '''khayap''' -- to move one's hands -- हाथ हिलाना या नचाना '''khayap''' -- to splash -- छीटे उड़ाना '''khayam''' -- to take out (something) from the pot -- बर्तन से कुछ निकालना '''khayam''' -- to spill (liquid) -- छलकाना (तरल पदार्थ) '''khayar''' -- to reserve -- आरक्षण करना '''khayok''' -- to spare -- छोड़ देना, के बिना काम चलाना '''khayong''' -- to fly -- उड़ना '''khayon''' -- to commit mistake -- गलती करना '''khayonmakhakei''' -- to be innocent -- भोला-भाला होना, निर्दोष होना '''khayom''' -- to insult -- अपमान करना '''khayor''' -- to sell -- बेचना '''kharā''' -- to stop a quarrel due to the interference of a third person -- तीसरे व्यक्ति के हस्तक्षेप के कारण लड़ाई रुकना '''kharai''' -- squirrel -- गिलहरी '''kharai''' -- to strip off (one's dresses) -- उतारना (कपड़ा) '''kharāi''' -- to remedy -- उपचार करना '''kharāā''' -- to come -- आना '''kharāāng''' -- jackal -- गीदड़ '''kharāhng''' -- buttocks -- नितम्ब, चूतड़ '''kharik''' -- to burn -- जलाना, जलना '''kharing''' -- to be alive -- जीवित होना '''kharing''' -- to be unripened (fruit) -- कच्चा होना (फल) '''kharit''' -- to be heavy -- भारी होना '''kharim''' -- to aim -- निशाना साधना '''kharii''' -- to be earlier -- पहले होना '''kharu''' -- cripple -- अपंग '''kharu''' -- rope -- रस्सी '''kharui''' -- to bring up (child) -- पालन-पोषण करना (बच्चे का) '''kharuk''' -- to engrave -- खोदना '''kharung''' -- to pound -- कूटना '''kharung''' -- to reserve a share for some one -- किसी के लिए हिस्सा सुरक्षित रखना '''kharung''' -- to make a cut on some one's body with a knife -- किसी के शरीर पर तलवार या चाकू से घाव करना '''kharun''' -- to repay -- लौटाना '''kharur''' -- to soak -- सोखना '''kharai''' -- to be big -- बड़ा होना '''khare''' -- Primary -- प्राथमिक '''kharek''' -- to pretend -- ढोंग करना, बहाना बनाना '''khareng''' -- to hunt -- शिकार करना, शिकार खेलना '''kharaiow''' -- to pluck flowers -- फूल तोड़ना '''kharak''' -- to weave -- बुनना '''kharang''' -- to cut one's head -- सिर काटना '''kharam''' -- surgery -- शल्य चिकित्सा '''kharam''' -- name of a month (May) -- एक मास का नाम (मई) '''kharar''' -- jumngle -- जंगल '''kharar''' -- to attach -- साथ जोड़ना '''khararchān''' -- story -- कहानी '''khararmi''' -- married person -- विवाहित व्यक्ति '''kharok''' -- throat -- गला '''kharot''' -- piece -- टुकड़ा '''kharop''' -- to wear breast cloth (woman) -- चोली पहनना '''kharom''' -- to tie head cloth -- सिर का कपड़ा बाँधना '''kharom''' -- to bind, to pack -- बाँधना, समेटना, लपेटना '''kharom''' -- to roll -- घुमाना, लपेटना '''kharor''' -- to place one above the other -- एक के ऊपर एक रखना '''khatai''' -- to be willing -- इच्छुक होना '''khatak''' -- to be born in a noble family -- ऊँचे खानदान में पैदा होना '''khatak''' -- to be many (in number) -- बहुत होना (संख्या में) '''khatang''' -- kite -- चील '''khatang''' -- to be much -- अधिक होना '''khatan''' -- to be generous -- उदार होना '''khali''' -- to be in -li (p.p.) 'in' -- अन्दर होना '''khalih''' -- to steal -- चुराना, चोरी करना '''khaling''' -- to plant -- रोपना '''khalim''' -- to cut into pieces -- टुकड़ो में काटना, काटकर टुकड़े करना '''khalin''' -- to join something by threads -- धागे से जोड़ना या बाँधना '''khalui''' -- to be again -- दुबारा होना '''khalum''' -- to be fond of -- चहेता होना, शौकीन होना '''khalei''' -- to be -- होना '''khaleng''' -- to be able -- योग्य होना, समर्थ होना '''khala''' -- marker for straight question -- क्या '''khalo''' -- to exchange -- विनिमय करना, अदल-बदल करना '''khaloo''' -- to purchase -- खरीदना '''khawāi''' -- to have, to possess -- होना, का स्वामी होना '''khawai''' -- to be a reason -- कारण होना '''khawān''' -- to swoon -- चक्कर आना '''khawān''' -- to shout -- चीखना, चिल्लाकर कहना '''khawi''' -- silence -- खामोशी, चुप्पी '''khawui''' -- to be in possession -- अधिकार में होना या रखना '''khawung''' -- to enter -- प्रवेश करना '''khawut''' -- to clear the jungle -- जंगल साफ़ करना '''khawut''' -- to be hallow -- खोखला होना '''khawur''' -- locust -- टिड्डी '''khawuur''' -- to flow out (water) forcibly from a spring -- नाले से पानी का जोर से बह निकलना '''khawuhr''' -- natural fountain -- प्राकृतिक फौव्वारा '''khawuhr''' -- to be juicy -- रसदार होना '''khawei''' -- fore head -- माथा, ललाट '''khawak''' -- to be friendly -- मित्र होना '''khawan''' -- to fade out -- फीका पड़ना, मुरझा जाना '''khawam''' -- to cradle a child with hands -- बच्चों को हाथों में झुलाना '''khawam''' -- to embrace -- आलिंगन करना '''khawok''' -- to boil out -- उबल कर निकलना '''khawrā''' -- wild banian tree -- जंगली बरगद '''khashāi''' -- to eat (fruit) -- खाना (फल) '''khashāi''' -- to smoke -- पीना (सिगरेट) '''khashimān''' -- to lose -- खोना '''khashimawot''' -- Confectioner -- हलवाई '''khahui''' -- to sail -- खेना '''khahang''' -- to cook -- पकाना '''khahan''' -- to submit (to one's power) -- समर्पण करना (किसी की शक्ति के आगे) '''khaham''' -- to surrender -- आत्मसमर्पण करना '''khaho''' -- weed -- जंगली पौधे, खारपतवार '''khahor''' -- to shine (Sun) -- चमकना (सूरज) '''khokharum''' -- to kneel down and pray -- घुटनों के बल बैठकर प्रार्थना करना '''khong phei''' -- plate -- थाली, तश्तरी '''khonkashi''' -- to curse -- कोसना, श्राप देना '''khor''' -- a strong alchoholic drink made of rice -- चावल से बना तेज नशे वाला पेय-पदार्थ '''khorkharung''' -- to brew liquor -- शराब खींचना, शराब निकालना '''khor khong''' -- utensile -- बर्तन '''khoichop''' -- marsh -- दलदल '''khorpunglā''' -- snail (eatable, found in water and has a shell) -- शंख, घोंघा (खाया जाने वाला, पानी में पाया जाने वाला) '''khorphuk''' -- A container broad and small made of bottle-gourd to carry liquor etc. -- शराब आदि ले जाने के लिए लौकी का बना छोटा तथा चौड़ा पात्र, घूंची '''khorzim''' -- straw -- तिनका '''khorshon''' -- Containor long and thin in size made of bottle-gourd -- लौकी का बना लम्बा तथा संकरा पात्र, तूमड़ी '''khōōkharum''' -- to worship -- पूजा करना '''ngāilon''' -- calm -- शान्त, निश्चल '''ngākkhamii''' -- to save -- बचाना '''ngāngpairi''' -- little finger -- कनिष्ठिका '''ngāprum''' -- a type of eel found in mud or marshy place -- कीचड़ में पाई जाने वाली एक प्रकार की सर्पमीन '''ngāri''' -- seasoned dry-fish -- नमक-मिर्च लगाकर तैयार की गई सुखी हुई मछली '''ngāi''' -- domestic animal -- पालतू पशु '''ngāiāng''' -- sieve -- छलनी '''ngāiung''' -- root -- जड़ '''ngāikhalew''' -- to be slow -- धीमे होना '''ngāiphui''' -- an hillock with full of grass for pasturing -- एक छोटी पहाड़ी जो घास से भरी होने के कारण चरागाह की तरह प्रयोग में आती है। '''ngāiphei''' -- coast -- तट '''ngāiyā''' -- night -- रात '''ngāiyāsailung''' -- mid-night -- आधी रात '''ngāita''' -- a flying fish -- उड़ने वाली मछली '''ngāilew khangasek''' -- to make something to be slow -- धीमे करवाना '''ngakāikashi''' -- to argue against one -- किसी से बहस करना, या होना '''ngakāishāt''' -- controversy -- विवाद '''ngakukshān''' -- riot -- दंगा '''ngakarkathui''' -- to wake up -- जागना, जगाना '''ngakhāk kathih''' -- to commit suicide -- आत्महत्या करना '''ngakhum''' -- rain coat made of leaves -- पत्तों से बना बरसाती कोट '''ngachāng kakā''' -- to wash hard -- कड़ी मेहनत करना '''ngachānkapam''' -- to appreciate -- कदर करना, प्रशंसा करना '''ngachikazār''' -- to be coward -- कायर होना '''ngachikahai''' -- to shrink, to subside -- सिकुड़ना, शान्त होना '''ngachirn''' -- urine -- मूत्र, पेशाब '''ngachirshim''' -- urinal -- मूत्रालय, पेशाबघर '''ngacheikakharot''' -- to mix up (objects) -- मिलाना (वस्तुएँ) '''ngachang kashi''' -- to be lazy -- आलसी होना '''ngachangkahai''' -- to come to an end -- अन्त होना, समापन होना '''ngachaplap''' -- limit -- सीमा '''ngachokahai''' -- to loosen -- ढीला करना '''ngachonkhamii''' -- to give help -- सहायता करना '''ngachomkakatot''' -- to interfere -- हस्तक्षेप करना, दखल देना '''ngatāphung''' -- arena -- अखाड़ा '''ngateikahai''' -- to detach -- अलग करना, काटना '''ngatang khamii''' -- to redeem -- उद्धार करना '''ngathing kakhui''' -- to inquire, to search for the purpose of selection -- पूछताछ करना, चुनने के लिए खोजना '''ngathirāi''' -- guerilla warfare -- गुरिल्ला-युद्ध '''ngathar''' -- morning -- सुबह '''ngathortak''' -- early morning before dawn -- तड़के सुबह (ऊषा काल से पहले का समय) '''ngathorshong''' -- morning time -- प्रातःकाल '''nganākakhui''' -- to listen -- ध्यान से सुनना '''nganākasān''' -- to be tired of listening -- सुनते-सुनते थक जाना '''nganitthang''' -- full-moon day -- पूर्णिमा '''nganaipat''' -- lucid -- सुबोध '''nganamkapha''' -- perfume -- सुगन्ध '''nganamkashi''' -- to stink -- बदबू आना '''ngapāikakhui''' -- to take -- जबरदस्ती लेना '''ngapāita''' -- a small flying fish found in the river -- नदी में पाई जाने वाली छोटी उड़न-मछली '''ngapei kakhui''' -- to earn -- कमाना '''ngapeikazat''' -- to go in search of job -- नौकरी की खोज में जाना '''ngapokatāh ''' -- to fall down rolling -- लुढ़कते हुए गिर जाना '''ngaphār''' -- ulcer -- फोड़ा, नासूर '''ngapheng''' -- a kind of reed used for weaving mat -- चटाई बुनने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाने वाला एक प्रकार का सरकण्डा '''ngaphai''' -- name of a month (November) -- एक मास का नाम (नवम्बर) '''ngapham''' -- appointment job -- नियुक्ति, नौकरी '''ngaphamkat''' -- promotion -- तरक्की, पदोन्नति '''ngaphamtak''' -- dismissal (from job) -- बरख़ास्तगी (नौकरी से) '''ngaphonat''' -- Act of thrashing animate beings on the floor -- किसी प्राणी को ज़मीन पर पटखने की क्रिया '''ngafukhamii''' -- to apply hot water on body to lesson the pain. -- दर्द कम करने के लिए शरीर को गर्म पानी से सेंकना '''ngamāt''' -- bed bug -- खटमल '''ngamukahai''' -- to become blunt -- भोथरा होना '''ngamukhangarok''' -- to fight -- लड़ना '''ngamenkazat''' -- to crawl slowly -- धीरे-धीरे रेंगना '''ngayi''' -- lake -- झील '''ngayiwā''' -- water-fowl -- मुर्गाबी '''ngayang''' -- greater -- कद्दूकस '''ngayonthit''' -- death due to one's foolishness -- अपनी बेवकूफी के कारण होने वाली मौत '''ngarā''' -- plural marker used with vocative nouns. -- अधिकरण कारक के साथ प्रयोग होने वाला बहुवचन चिह्न '''ngarāikacha''' -- to resemble -- साम्य रखना, समान दीखना '''ngarāikacha''' -- to be equal -- बराबर होना '''ngarāikapam''' -- to wait for -- प्रतीक्षा करना '''ngarānkhayang''' -- to compare (in measurements) -- तुलना करना (माप में) '''ngarik''' -- a kind of bamboo -- टोकरी बुनने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाने वाला एक प्रकार का बाँस '''ngaring''' -- caution -- चेतावनी '''ngarukhawai''' -- purgative -- विरेचक, जुलाब '''ngarakzak''' -- exact -- सही, सटीक '''ngarokkasāā''' -- performance of spear-dance -- भाला-नृत्य का प्रदर्शन '''ngatāikapam''' -- to bask -- धूप सेंकना '''ngatākakhui''' -- to take a girl, to marry (a girl) -- लड़की की ले जाना, शादी करना (लड़की से) '''ngatākahui''' -- to count, to woo -- प्रणय-निवेदन करना '''ngatāngashir''' -- second wife -- दूसरी पत्नी '''ngatang kazār''' -- to be diligent -- उद्यमी होना, कर्मठ होना '''ngalātkazat''' -- to arrange mating -- संभोग की तैयारी करना '''ngalānāw''' -- young girl -- युवती, जवान लड़की '''ngalāshakkazā''' -- to marry a girl -- लड़की से शादी करना '''ngalāshakzat''' -- marriage -- शादी, विवाह '''ngalung''' -- stone -- पत्थर '''ngalei''' -- land -- भूमि '''ngalemkapam''' -- to sit nearby -- पास में बैठना '''ngalewwākvāk''' -- act of turning round and round (especially during dance) -- चक्कर लगाना (विशेषतः नृत्य में) '''ngalang''' -- labour -- श्रम '''ngalang kathui''' -- to turn back -- घूमना, पलटना '''ngalangkazār''' -- to be busy -- व्यस्त होना '''ngawātar''' -- slimness -- पतलापन '''ngawur''' -- a type of rat -- एक प्रकार का चूहा '''ngawokkasangi''' -- to dive into (water) -- गोता लगाना '''ngasin''' -- time to return from field -- खेत से लौटने का समय '''ngasinshong''' -- time before dark (from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m.) -- गोधूली से पहले का समय (4 से 6 बजे के बीच) '''ngasun''' -- day time -- दिन का समय '''ngasunkazang''' -- to hang clothes in disorderly way -- अव्यवस्थित ढंग से कपड़े लटकाना '''ngasunlung''' -- mid-day -- दोपहर, मध्याह्न '''ngasokaphung''' -- to go hand in hand -- हाथों में हाथ लेकर जाना, साथ-साथ जाना '''ngasokazat''' -- to accompany -- साथ चलना '''ngasotnaw''' -- friend -- मित्र '''ngasonkhawā''' -- to post pone -- स्थगित करना '''ngazin''' -- evening -- शाम '''ngazin phazāt''' -- dinner -- शाम का भोजन '''ngashi''' -- thatch -- छप्पर '''ngashitkahai''' -- to come to an agreement -- सहमत हो जाना '''ngashira''' -- twins -- जुड़वाँ '''ngashukathui''' -- elopment -- भाग जाना, सह पलायन '''ngashungungwu''' -- mid day -- दोपहर, मध्याह्न '''ngashumni''' -- resonance -- गूँज, प्रतिध्वनि '''ngasheineng kahai''' -- to become hard and dry -- सख्त होना और सूखना, सख्त करना और सुखाना '''ngashan''' -- culture -- संस्कृति '''ngatha''' -- axe -- कुल्हाड़ी '''ngahākakhui''' -- to investigate -- जाँच-पड़ताल करना '''ngahānkakāā''' -- to reply -- उत्तर देना '''ngahuht''' -- leech -- जोंक '''ngahong''' -- forest -- जंगल '''chākapāi''' -- to be agreeable -- सहमति के योग्य होना, सहमति के योग्य बनाना '''chākri''' -- grinding stone -- चक्की '''chāklen''' -- a type of small bird whose chirping sound is used for getting omen. -- एक प्रकार का छोटा पक्षी जिसकी आवाज़ शकुन की सूचक है । '''chāakshng''' -- kitchen -- रसोईघर '''chāng''' -- cup used to measure liquor -- शराब मापने का प्याला '''chāngkar''' -- sickle -- हँसिया '''chāngkui''' -- numbness -- सुन्न '''chāngkhom''' -- red shawl with black stripes -- काली धारियों वाली लाल शाल '''chāngchi''' -- no-moon day -- बिना चाँद की रात '''chāngchi''' -- tongs used to hold vessels -- सँड़सी '''chāngthit''' -- wanning of moon -- चाँद का ह्रास, चाँद्र का घटना '''chāngnāt''' -- laziness -- आलस्य '''chāngnit''' -- full moon day -- पूर्णिमा '''chāngpun''' -- breast -- वक्षस्थल, स्तन '''chāng pong''' -- a loft kept hanging above the fire place to keep chillies, vegetables etc. (it is a above phungshar) -- मिर्चे तथा सब्जियाँ आदि रखने के लिए चूल्हे के ऊपर लटकाया गया छीका '''chāngfu''' -- soot -- कालिख, काजल '''chāngrāp''' -- a loft hanging above the fire place to dry meat -- माँस सुखाने के लिए चूल्हे के ऊपर लटकी हुई छींके जैसी वस्तु '''chāngrāāor''' -- Moon light -- चाँदनी '''chāngrut''' -- quarter-moon -- चतुर्थी का चाँद '''chāngvei''' -- shield -- ढाल '''chāngvo''' -- new moon -- अमावस्या '''chāgzi''' -- darkness due to the absence of moon -- चाँद के न रहने पर होने वाला अँधेरा '''chāngshān''' -- counting of the month -- महीनों को गिनती '''chāt''' -- caste -- जाति '''chān''' -- information -- जानकारी, सूचना '''chān kakhareng''' -- to presecute -- अभियोग करना '''chānkasup''' -- to whisper -- फुसफुसाना '''chānkasam''' -- information regarding important matter -- महत्वपूर्ण विषय से सम्बद्ध जानकारी '''chānkharop''' -- rumour -- अफवाह '''chānngashit''' -- promise -- वादा, वचन '''chānchingut''' -- rainbow -- इन्द्र-धनुष '''chāncham''' -- proverb -- कहावत, लोकोक्ति '''chānthum''' -- confidence -- विश्वास, भरोसा '''chānpāw''' -- message -- संदेश '''chānrei''' -- road outside village (leading to another village) -- गाँव के बाहर की सड़क (दूसरे गाँव को जाने वालो) '''chānsam''' -- consultation -- परामर्श, मशविरा, राय '''chāmthei''' -- cornelian bead -- लाल रंग का कीमती जवाहरात '''chānsam chānsā''' -- lively discussion -- जानदार परिचर्चा '''chāw''' -- deer -- हिरन '''chāwnāw''' -- fawn -- हिरन का बच्चा '''chāwpa''' -- petname to address animals -- पालतू जानवरों को बुलाने के लिये दिया जाने वाला नाम '''chāwnāw''' -- hybrid of cow and mithun -- गाय और अरने के मेल से उत्पन्न संकर बछड़ा '''chāwsā''' -- vension -- मृग-माँस '''chāwzam''' -- type of a tall tree -- एक प्रकार का ऊँचा पेड़ '''chāā''' -- necklace -- कण्ठी, माला '''chāh''' -- tea -- चाय '''chahru''' -- tear -- आँसु '''chāhrong''' -- tea-plant -- चाय का पौधा '''chi''' -- it, that, the -- वह '''chikarin''' -- cricket-insect -- झींगुर '''chiko''' -- nine -- नौ '''chiklen''' -- a small black bird, whose chirping sound is considered for omen and the bird is considered to be a fore teller -- एक प्रकार का छोटा काला पक्षी जिसकी चहचहाट शकुन की सूचक है '''chikhāi''' -- wooden planks -- तख्ता '''chikhur''' -- a small piece of wood found in the canal to block the flow of water -- नहर के जल-प्रवाह को रोकने के लिए लकड़ी का एक छोटा टुकड़ा '''chikhun''' -- grave -- कब्र '''chikhokhalang''' -- cuckoo bird -- कोयल '''chingri''' -- peace -- शान्ति '''chingrikahai''' -- to calm -- शान्त होना, शान्त करना '''chitti ''' -- letter -- चिट्ठी, पत्र '''chitheiknalui''' -- to recapitulate -- संक्षेप में दोहराना '''chithek''' -- corner -- कोना '''chināingarut''' -- a sandy place -- रेतीली जगह '''chināipān''' -- complexion -- रूप-रंग '''chināiwār''' -- a type of fungus -- एक प्रकार को फफूँद '''chināwni''' -- twin brothers -- जुड़वाँ भाई '''chini''' -- sugar -- चीनी '''chinkahāi''' -- to dislike -- नापसन्द करना '''chipii''' -- devil -- शैतान, राक्षस '''chipih''' -- a type of wild glass with sharp blades -- एक प्रकार की नुकीली जंगली घास '''chipung''' -- ant hill -- बाम्बी '''chipeng''' -- red squirrel -- लाल गिलहरी '''chibing''' -- those -- वे '''chifu''' -- dust -- धूल '''chirāng''' -- lizard -- छिकली '''chiru''' -- rock-salt -- सेंधा नमक, खनिज नमक '''chirup''' -- cigarette -- सिगरेट '''chirpāi''' -- excreta -- मल, टट्टी '''chison''' -- salt packet -- नमक का पैकिट '''chizut''' -- index -- तालिका, सूची '''chishat''' -- eight -- आठ '''chihui''' -- paddy field -- धान का उपजाऊ खेत (जहाँ पानी रहता हैं) '''chihokahai''' -- to abandon, to discard -- छोड़ देना, निकालना, त्याग देना '''chukhami''' -- to endure (mentally) -- सहना (मानसिक रूप से) '''chukkhamachu''' -- cogitate -- सोच में पड़ना, विचार करना '''chukmachut''' -- realisation -- अनुभूति, बोध '''chungkhamai''' -- to be excessive -- अत्यधिक होना '''chungnākahai''' -- to be in abundant -- भरपूर होना '''chum''' -- bin -- पात्र, डिब्बा '''chuming''' -- shift cultivation -- शिफ्टिंग खेती '''chumkachām''' -- to be interested in eating mutton -- माँस खाने में रूचि होना '''chnmphu''' -- festival celebrated when new crops came from the field -- नवान्न उत्सव '''chuhai''' -- sugar cane -- गन्ना '''cherfu''' -- window -- खिड़की '''chak''' -- brick -- ईंट '''chakathui''' -- to jump, to splash -- उछलना, उछालना '''chakachin''' -- to be careful -- सावधान या सतर्क होना '''chakkhawung''' -- to rebound -- टकरा कर लौटना '''changkakhui''' -- to dig and remove the earth or mud -- खोद कर मिट्टी या कीचड़ हटाना '''chakvāi''' -- dance -- नृत्य, नाच '''chakvāikasāā''' -- to dance -- नाचना '''chanthum''' -- confidence -- विश्वास, भरोसा '''chanvāt''' -- craze -- धुन, सनक '''chapkhangachā''' -- to lament -- विलाप करना, दुःखी होना '''chapkhaner''' -- to weep often -- बारबार रोना '''chapshon chapthai''' -- an expression indicating one's continuous weeping -- किसी के लगातार रोने का बोधक शब्द '''chamkhamhamata''' -- to repent -- पछताना, पश्चाताप करना '''champrā''' -- lemon -- नींबू '''champhar''' -- crowbar -- रम्मा, खन्ती '''chamshingāi''' -- ill-omen, ill-luck -- अपशकुन, दुर्भाग्य '''chamvu''' -- cicada -- रइयाँ '''chatak''' -- skill -- कौशल, हुनर '''chawki''' -- chair -- कुर्सी, चौकी '''chokkachāi''' -- to slacken -- ढीला या धीमा करना, ढीला या धीमा होना '''chong''' -- market for responsive tag question -- है न '''chongkakāā''' -- to raise one's head -- अपना सिर उठाना '''chan''' -- foot print -- पदचिह्न '''chonkom''' -- border (of a cloth) -- बार्डर, किनारा '''chonthei''' -- skirt (of a shirt or cloth) -- फुँदने, झीलर '''chontan''' -- cloth offered to god or to the head of the family -- भगवान या परिवार के मुखिया को चढ़ाया जाने वाला कपड़ा '''chonlar''' -- wooden floor -- लकड़ी का फर्श '''chonam''' -- carpet -- कालीन, गलीचा '''tākakhui''' -- to snatch -- छीनना '''tākam''' -- equality, similarity -- बराबरी, समानता '''tākazu''' -- to get wealth or property by cheating others -- दूसरों को धोखा दे कर धन या सम्पत्ति हथियाना '''tākkazā''' -- to snatch -- छीनना '''tākthatkahai''' -- to die in an accident (vehicle) -- दुर्घटना में मारा जाना '''tāngkakhui''' -- to stretch one's hand to get or hold something -- किसी चीज़ को पकड़ने के लिए हाथ बढ़ना '''tāngnāw''' -- neighbour -- पड़ोसी '''tāhglen''' -- cup-board -- अलमारी '''tātharaha''' -- name of a month (October) -- एक मास का नाम (अक्तूबर) आश्विन '''tānonon''' -- sponge -- स्पंज '''tānkhui''' -- bund in the field -- मेंड़ '''tāwon''' -- jute -- पटसन '''tārik''' -- date -- तारीख '''tārkhong''' -- crocodile -- मगरमच्छ '''tālong''' -- platform -- चबूतरा, प्लेट्फार्म '''tāākahai''' -- to leave -- छोड़ना '''tāāhaikhangasok''' -- to subdue -- वश में करना, दबाना '''tingteilā''' -- violin -- वायलिन '''titi''' -- reed -- सरकण्डा '''tingteilā''' -- tin (kerosine) -- डिब्बा (मिट्टी का तेल रखने के लिए) '''tinkhā''' -- handle of a hoe -- कुदाली का हत्था '''tinngum''' -- a type of small spade -- एक प्रकार का छोटा फावड़ा '''tinngachi''' -- pick-axe -- गेंती '''tinphāi''' -- flat plated spade -- चपटे कुन्दे वाला फावड़ा '''tinru''' -- thick and long rope -- रस्सा '''tinshuk''' -- a type of spade having pointed shape -- कुदाल '''timrāwon''' -- lily-flower -- कुमुदिनी, लिली '''timri''' -- freshness (as of a flower) -- ताज़गी (फूल जैसी) '''tiyewkasang''' -- to make small, to reduce -- छोटा करना, कम करना '''tiin''' -- hoe -- कुदाली '''tui''' -- language -- भाषा '''tuiār''' -- phrase -- पद '''tuikup''' -- conclusion (in a speech) -- उपसंहार, अंत '''tuikur''' -- sentence -- वाक्य '''tuikakum''' -- to conspire -- षड्यंत्र रचना '''tuikapet''' -- to be talkative -- वाचाल होना '''tuikasā''' -- to compromise -- समझौता करना '''tuikasat''' -- encouragement (verbal) -- प्रोत्साहन (मौखिक) '''tuikashā''' -- to be convertsant in a language -- भाषा में प्रवीण, कुशल होना '''tuikhangaphat''' -- to debate -- वाद-विवाद करना, बहस करना '''tuikhanup''' -- to bribe -- रिश्वत या घूस देना '''tuikharit''' -- to instigate -- भड़काना '''tuikhon''' -- syllable -- अक्षर '''tuingayāt''' -- argument -- बहस, तर्क, दलील '''tuingasan''' -- secret consultation -- गुप्त-परामर्श '''tuingashit''' -- document -- दस्तावेज़ '''tuingashit''' -- argument (verbal) -- बहस (मौखिक) '''tuicham''' -- folklore -- लोक-साहित्य '''tuinup''' -- bribe -- घूस, रिश्वत '''tuitāi''' -- lie -- झूठ '''tuithāp''' -- gossip -- गप्प '''tuipā''' -- word -- शब्द '''tuipeng''' -- sentence -- वाक्य '''tuiphut''' -- introduction -- परिचय '''tuimei''' -- content -- विषय-सूची '''tuimatui''' -- speech -- भाषण '''tuishut''' -- acquisition of language -- भाषा अर्जन '''tuishat''' -- case (court) -- मुकदमा '''tuishom''' -- response (Verbal), reply -- उत्तर, जवाब '''tuihān''' -- manner of speech -- बोलने का तरीका '''tuihāw''' -- introduction (of a book) -- भूमिका (किताब की) '''tukkakhui''' -- to catch -- पकड़ना '''tukkakhui''' -- to arrest, to get hold of -- गिरफ्तार करना, पकड़ लेना '''tutāi''' -- litter -- कूड़ा-करकट '''tuntun shānshān''' -- an expression indicating the act of moving hither and thither -- इधर-उधर घूमने का बोधक-शब्द '''tengkakui''' -- to be self complacent -- आत्म-सन्तुष्टि होना '''tengkot''' -- cup -- प्याला '''temkahai''' -- to level a place, etc. -- किसी स्थान आदि को समतल करना '''temshat''' -- ungratefulness -- कृतघ्नता '''telengkā''' -- kite -- पतंग '''takkhamatei''' -- to be glorious -- यशस्वी होना '''tangku''' -- a kind of rat -- एक प्रकार का चूहा '''tangkhāi''' -- half -- आधा '''tangkhamang''' -- to be dark (artificial) -- अन्धेरा करना, अन्धेरा होना '''tangtakwāt''' -- time for going to field -- खेत पर जाने का समय '''tangvā''' -- conifruit tree -- कोणिफल-वृक्ष '''tangvu''' -- a type of pine tree with knots in the stem -- एक प्रकार का चीड़ का वृक्ष जिसके तने पर गाँठे होती हैं। '''tankakā''' -- to climb a tree -- पेड़ पर चढ़ना '''tantak''' -- act of going and coming to field -- खेत पर जाना और आना '''taphā''' -- leader (in work) -- नेता (काम का) '''tamkachithei''' -- to teach -- पढ़ाना '''tamkhayang''' -- to taste (food items) -- चखना (खाद्य पदार्थ) '''tambāk ''' -- plain -- मैदान '''taru''' -- water -- पानी '''tarukahar''' -- water-fall -- झरना, जल-प्रपात '''tarukhaphong''' -- flood -- बाढ़ '''tarung''' -- a tree erected in front of the house as status-symbol, after performing some rituals -- धार्मिक अनुष्ठान संपन्न करने के बाद वैभव के चिह्न के रूप में घर के सामने खड़ा किया गया पेड़ '''tarkāthei''' -- grape -- अंगूर '''tarkas''' -- petition -- पाचिका '''tartinchā''' -- glass-beeds -- काँच का मनका '''tarthingthān''' -- terpentine oil -- तारपीन का तेल '''talāi''' -- structure (of a person) -- ढाँचा (मनुष्य का) '''talui''' -- onion -- प्याज '''tallu''' -- trumpet -- बाजा, तुरही '''okatāh''' -- disturbance -- बाधा, परेशानी '''tokasang''' -- to stale -- छुरा घोंपना '''tongkazā''' -- profit -- लाभ '''tongtilā''' -- dragod-fly -- लंबे तथा पतले शरीर और बड़े पर वाला एक कीड़ा '''totkakatat''' -- to work disorderly -- अव्यवस्थित ढंग से काम करना '''tot tot''' -- an expression indicatind the hurried way of doing things -- फटाफट (किसी काम को जल्दी-जल्दी किये जाने का बोधक) '''tolang''' -- storeyed building -- बहुमंजिली इमारत '''da''' -- adverbial marker verbial participial marker -- कर (क्रिया विशेषण बोधक प्रत्यय) '''thāileng''' -- a stick kept in hand while driving hens -- मुर्गियों को भगाने के लिए हाथ में रखी जाने वाली छड़ी '''thāk''' -- floor, stage (for performance) -- फर्श, मंच (किसी नाटक आदि के लिए) '''thāngthāng''' -- utensil -- बर्तन '''thāng thāng kapong''' -- to seize one's house hold articles as punishment -- कुर्क करना, जब्त करना '''thātharahā''' -- name of a month (October) -- मास का नाम (अश्विन, अक्तूबर) '''thām''' -- personal property of a girl -- लड़की की व्यक्तिगत सम्पत्ति '''thārikafu''' -- to keep waiting -- इन्तजार करते रहना, इन्तजार होना '''thārap''' -- candle-wax -- मोम '''thāw''' -- fat, oil -- चिकनाई, तेल, बसा '''thāwkasaa''' -- to respond -- उत्तर देना '''thāwpāi''' -- oil cake -- खली '''thāwmei''' -- lamp -- दीपक '''thāāw''' -- wire -- तार '''thikcho''' -- thorny tree -- कंटीला पेड़ '''thikhāi''' -- a measurement of the distance from chest to one hand -- सीने से हाथ तक की दूरी का माप । '''thihkharek''' -- to pretend to be dead -- मृत होने का बहाना करना '''thihhong''' -- plate-meal kept for the dead -- मृत व्यक्ति के लिए रखा जाने वाला थाली का भोजन '''thing''' -- tree, wood -- पेड़, लकड़ी '''thingum''' -- small hand stick used for defence -- सुरक्षा के लिए हाथ में रखी जाने वाली छोटी छड़ी '''thingkānchithei''' -- hockey -- हाकी '''thing kaphā''' -- to fetch firewood -- आग के लिए लकड़ी इकट्ठी करना, इंधन बटोरना '''thing kate''' -- to count with the help of sticks -- लकड़ियों की सहायता से गिनना '''thingkor''' -- bark -- छाल '''thingkharu''' -- creeper -- बेल '''thingkho''' -- one thousand -- एक हजार '''thingte''' -- sticks used for counting -- गिनती के लिए प्रयोग की जाने वाली लकड़ियाँ '''thingtaila''' -- tambur instrument -- तम्बूरा '''thingtan''' -- faggot -- लकड़ियों का गट्ठा '''thingnā''' -- leaf -- पत्ता, पत्ती '''thing neiru''' -- vein, nerve, a creeper (plant) -- शिरा, नस, बेल '''thingpāng''' -- branch (tree) -- शाखा (पेड़ की) '''thingpheikār''' -- stict -- पैरवाँसा '''thingru''' -- wood peaker -- कठफोड़ा '''thingrong''' -- plant -- पौधा '''thinglet''' -- penalty for stealing wood or fuel -- लकड़ी या इंधन चुराने के लिये जुर्माना '''thingwam''' -- trunk (tree) -- तना (पेड़ का) '''thingzer''' -- wood split -- खपच्ची (लकड़ी की) '''thitmatho''' -- provocation -- उत्तेजना '''thum''' -- human plural marker -- मानव सूचक बहुवचन बोधक '''thumrā''' -- thirty -- तीस '''thurthang''' -- harshness -- कर्कशता '''theiku''' -- beetle insect -- भृग '''theikuthei''' -- groundnut -- मूँगफली '''theikakhui''' -- conscience -- विवेक, चेतना, जानकारी '''theikakhak''' -- to peel -- छीलना '''theikhangasak''' -- to exhibit -- प्रदर्शित करना, दिखाना '''theikhamii''' -- to respect -- आदर करना, आदर होना '''theithukthei''' -- apple -- सेब '''theimachi''' -- vegetable seed -- सब्जी का बीच '''therei''' -- small pox -- चेचक '''theisithei''' -- fig -- अंजीर '''thepa''' -- hare -- खरगोश '''themrek''' -- quack -- नीम-हकीम '''thangkula''' -- tortoise -- कछुआ '''thangkakazam''' -- to scatter clothes in the wardrobe -- अल्मारी में कपड़ों को इधर-उधर डालना '''thangkan''' -- black shawl with red stripes -- लाल-धारियों वाली काली शाल '''thangkamei''' -- to be wise -- बुद्धिमान होना '''thaugkot''' -- cup -- प्याला '''thankhangui''' -- to misguide -- गलत राय देना '''thambāl''' -- lotus -- कमल '''tharā''' -- ten (hang- (p.p.) a prefix added to animals to indicate multiples of ten) see hang -- दस '''tharān''' -- time -- समय '''tharāw''' -- name of a month (January) -- मास का नाम (पौष, जनवरी) '''thari''' -- boundary -- हद, सीमा '''tharuk''' -- six -- छः '''tharkat''' -- offering ceremony (of newly built house) -- बलि-उत्सव '''tharkhangasak''' -- to purify -- पवित्र करना '''tharma''' -- religion -- धर्म '''tharmathong''' -- neatness -- स्वच्छता, सफाई '''thoinām''' -- dirtyness -- गन्दगी '''thokhomathāp''' -- to be untidy -- अस्तव्यस्त या बेढंगा होना '''thong''' -- bridge -- पुल '''thongpā''' -- sash -- चौखटा '''thot''' -- generation -- पीढ़ी '''thotkakazam''' -- to gore -- सींग मारना '''tholānāw''' -- equality (among citizens) -- समानता, बराबरी (नागरिकों के बीच) '''nā''' -- leaf -- पत्ता, पत्ती '''nāititlung''' -- wooden pestle -- सोटी, मूसल '''nākhor''' -- auditory canal -- श्रवण-नली '''nākāw''' -- a thick wooden piece worn in the ear-lob -- कान की लौ में पहना जाने वाला लकड़ी का टुकड़ा '''nāngathet''' -- ear-ring -- बाली (कान की) '''nāngashichon''' -- ring finger -- अनामिका '''nāchi''' -- temple (of the head) -- कनपटी '''nāchikhangasak''' -- to enlighten -- जानकारी देना '''nāchothei''' -- chicken pox -- चेचक '''nātāng''' -- nose, trunk of an elephant -- नाक, सूँड '''nātāngkhur''' -- nostril -- नथुना '''nāthing''' -- nose-rudge -- नाक की हड्डी '''nāthei''' -- ear lobe -- कान की लौ '''nānā''' -- plaintain leaf -- केले का पत्ता '''nānāphun''' -- stem of the banana tree -- केले के पेड़ का तना '''nānāphur''' -- edible soft portion found inside the stem of the banana tree -- केले के पेड़ के तने का खाने योग्य मुलायम अन्दर वाला हिस्सा '''nāpāilā''' -- button -- बटन '''nāpāāi''' -- ear wax -- कान का मैल '''nāpet''' -- barber -- नाई '''nāpkui''' -- mucus, phlegm -- श्लेष्मा, बलगम '''nāmai''' -- page -- पृष्ठ, पन्ना, सफा '''nāmuinā''' -- a kind of leaf used, for baking bread -- रोटी सेंकने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाने वाला एक प्रकार का पत्ता '''nāyon''' -- monkey -- बन्दर '''nārun''' -- a type of flute -- एक प्रकार की बाँसुरी '''nāw''' -- young one, child -- बच्चा '''nāwkatāā''' -- to miscarry -- गर्भपात होना '''naw kashum''' -- eunuch -- हिजड़ा '''nāwkhamui''' -- to conceive -- गर्भ धारण करना '''nāwkhamak''' -- symptom of pregnancy -- गर्भावस्था के लक्षण '''nāwkhanu''' -- to have labour pain (delivery) -- प्रसव-पीड़ा होना '''nāwkhawai''' -- pregnancy -- गर्भावस्था '''nāwkeollāā''' -- lullaby -- लोरी '''nāwngalāwu''' -- daughter -- बेटी '''nawngalan''' -- ceremany performed for a new born baby after six days if it is a boy and after five days if it is a girl -- छठी (एक प्रकार का उत्सव जो लड़के के जन्म के छह दिन बाद और लड़की के जन्म के पाँच दिन बाद मनाया जाता हैं।) '''nāwchizai''' -- eldest son -- बड़ा बेटा, ज्येष्ठ पुत्र '''nāwnei''' -- a strachy substance found on the body of a new born baby -- तुरन्त पैदा हुए बच्चे के शरीर पर पाया जाने वाला एक चिपचिपा पदार्थ '''nāw pāisho''' -- last son -- आखिरी बेटा, सबसे छोटा बेटा '''nāwpet''' -- cradle -- पालना '''nāwpharāāt''' -- birth -- जन्म '''nāwmei''' -- gun -- बन्दूक '''nāwmeikazei''' -- bayonet -- संगीन '''nāwmeikhur''' -- barrel of a gun -- बन्दूक की नली '''nāwmeitheiru''' -- bullet -- गोली '''nāwlam''' -- placenta -- खेड़ी, पुरइन '''nāwsāākatāā''' -- to abort -- गर्भपात होना '''nāwsak''' -- delivery (child) -- प्रसव, प्रसूती '''nāwshinaw''' -- child -- बच्चा '''nāzā''' -- a type of dangling ear ornament -- झुमका '''nāshāt''' -- witness (one who hears) -- गवाह (सुनने वाला) '''nāshu''' -- dove -- फ़ाख़ता '''nāhui''' -- ear-ring -- बाली (कान की) '''#NAME?''' -- dual numbermarker -- द्विवचन-बोधक प्रत्यय '''ning''' -- mind -- मस्तिष्क '''ningāi''' -- thought -- विचार '''ningarān''' -- determination -- दृढ़ता '''ningkakhān''' -- to be independent -- स्वतन्त्र होना '''ningkakharik''' -- to be beware of -- सतर्क होना '''ningkachang''' -- to like -- पसन्द करना, पसन्द होना '''ningkarāā''' -- to become disguist -- ऊबना, विरक्ति होना '''ningkasang''' -- to take interest -- रूचि लेना '''ningkashāng''' -- to be cool (mentally) -- शान्त होना (मानसिक रूप से) '''ningkashi''' -- to be thankful -- कृतज्ञ होना '''ningkashit''' -- to hope -- आशा करना '''ningkashang''' -- to be disappointed -- निराश होना '''ningkhān''' -- freedom -- स्वतन्त्रता, मुक्ति '''ningkhangatei''' -- to repent -- पछताना '''ningkhanan''' -- grief -- दुःख '''ningkhamawong''' -- to doubt -- शक करना, शक होना '''ningkhalum''' -- to believe -- विश्वास करना '''ningkhawāk''' -- to guess -- अनुमान लगाना '''ningngatei''' -- repentance -- पछतावा '''ningchuk''' -- imagination -- कल्पना '''ningchun''' -- disqleasure -- अप्रसन्नता '''ningchot''' -- tiredness (mental) -- थकावट (मानसिक) थकान '''ningtumkahai''' -- to rob -- डाका डालना '''ningthem''' -- inteligence -- बुद्धिमत्ता '''ningthar''' -- sincerity -- निष्ठा, लगन '''ningmangut''' -- dull-head-edness -- मन्द-बुद्धि '''ningmayun''' -- love-sick-ness -- विरह-व्यथा '''ningmanot''' -- minuteness -- बारीकी, सूक्ष्मता '''ningrāk''' -- disgust -- ऊब, विरक्ति '''ningrin''' -- intention -- इरादा, नीयत '''ninglum''' -- belief -- विश्वास '''ningsakasu''' -- to be charming -- सौम्य होना '''ningzin''' -- cognizance -- परिज्ञान '''ningshāt''' -- gratitude -- कृतज्ञता, आभार '''ningshit''' -- superstition -- अंधविश्वास '''ninghun''' -- idioty -- मूर्खता, बेवकूफ़ी '''ningher''' -- anticipation -- पूर्वाभास, पूर्वानुमान '''nim''' -- dark blue colour -- गहरा नीला रंग '''nimkasang''' -- to giet -- निकाल फेकना '''nimmasi''' -- breeze -- हवा, पवन '''nimshimru''' -- nectar -- अमृत '''nu''' -- breast -- छाती, वक्षस्थल, स्तन '''nuiwu''' -- contract -- अनुबंध, ठेका '''nukui''' -- nipple -- स्तनाग्र '''nukazim''' -- to suckle -- चूसना '''nungthang''' -- hammer -- हथौड़ा '''nupkazat''' -- to persuade someone by paying bribe -- किसी को रिश्वत देकर राजी कर लेना '''nurkakachop''' -- to rub the hand over the cloth for drying -- पोंछना या रगड़ना (सुखाने के लिए) '''nurkakhayang''' -- to push aside something and make it disorderly -- कुछ चीज सरका कर उसे अस्त-व्यस्त करना '''nurkathuk''' -- to oppose -- विरोध करना '''nei''' -- a type of pasty substance used to catch birds -- पक्षी पकड़ने के लिए प्रयोग की जाने वाली एक प्रकार की लेई '''neitāhkhamii''' -- to crush by stamping by the feet. -- पैर से कुचल देना '''neinu''' -- a kind of six-legged insect -- छह टाँगों वाला एक प्रकार का कीड़ा '''neinukakhanuk''' -- earth quake -- भूकम्प, भूचाल '''neinei''' -- sound produced while calling a pig -- सुअर को बुलाते समय निकाली जाने वाली आवाज '''neizār''' -- stick with pasty substance for catching the birds -- पक्षी पकड़ने के लिए लेई लगी लकड़ी '''nershim''' -- jail -- कैदखाना, जेल '''na''' -- you' -- तुम '''naithalung''' -- a wooden piece used to crush chillies -- मिर्चे कूटने के लिए एक प्रकार की लकड़ी की सोटी या मूसली '''nathum''' -- you (pl.) -- तुम लोग (ब.व.) '''namakhui''' -- to take note of, to copy -- नकल करना '''namkasang''' -- to push in -- धकेलना '''namrā''' -- a small edible shrub having good smell -- एक प्रकार की खाने योग्य झाड़ी '''nawtāh''' -- a kind of edible shrub having good smell -- एक प्रकार की खाने योग्य सुगन्धित झाड़ी '''nokathāā''' -- descendent -- वंशज '''nongying''' -- to desert -- छोड़ना '''nombazat''' -- peacock -- मोर '''norbazat''' -- to go around requesting for something -- कूछ माँगने के लिए इधर उधर जाना '''P''' -- to make furrow -- हराई बनाना '''-pā''' -- human marker -- मानव वाचक '''pāi''' -- underground vegetables -- कन्द, जमीन के अन्दर उगने वाली सब्ज़ी '''pākru''' -- wall -- दीवार '''pāngkān''' -- penalty for violation of rule -- नियम भंग करने के लिए लगाया जाने वाला जुर्माना '''pāngkakaphe''' -- to clap -- ताली बजाना, ताली बजना '''pāngkapit''' -- manuscript -- पाण्डुलिपि '''pāngkasin''' -- to shake hand with others -- दूसरों से हाथ मिलाना '''pāngkasin''' -- to be strong -- बलवान होना '''pāngkhawlā''' -- bracelet -- कंगन '''pāngkhuk''' -- finger joints -- अँगुली की गाँठ '''pāngkhup''' -- elbow -- कोहनो '''pāngkhangasak''' -- to strengthen -- मजबूत करना, मजबूत होना '''pāngkhangashum''' -- to clench the fist -- मुट्ठी बाँधना '''pāngkhamasu''' -- to clasp -- जकड़ना '''pāngkhayāp''' -- to call by sign -- इशारे से बुलाना '''pāngkhayit''' -- signature -- हस्ताक्षर '''pāngkhalap''' -- hand cuff -- हथकड़ी '''pāngkhowla''' -- arm-cover -- लोहे का आवरण (युद्ध के समय बाहों में पहनने के लिए) '''pangchi''' -- astrologer -- ज्योतिषी '''pāngchon''' -- handmark -- हाथ की छाप '''pāngtum''' -- benevolence -- परोपकार, उपकार '''pangthei''' -- arm -- बाँह '''pāngmuchā''' -- gloves -- दस्ताना '''pāngmaiā''' -- paw -- पंजा '''pāngmaring''' -- claw -- पंजा '''pāngmarit''' -- wretchedness -- बदनसीबी, दुःख '''pangmasāi''' -- vacancy -- खाली जगह, रिक्त स्थान '''pangmashum''' -- fist -- मुट्ठी '''pāngmon''' -- priest -- पुजारी '''pāngyā''' -- index finger -- तर्जनी '''pāngyit''' -- hand-writing -- हस्तलेखन '''pāngrin''' -- palmistry -- हस्तरेखा विज्ञान '''pānglingkor''' -- finger nail -- अँगुली का नाखून '''pāngwu''' -- thumb -- अँगूठा '''pāngsin''' -- handle -- मूठ, हत्था '''pānshāt''' -- jealousy -- ईर्ष्या '''pānghot''' -- mark made by finger nail -- नखक्षत, खरोंच '''pāmwai''' -- a girl who has no brother -- ऐसो लड़की जिसका भाई न हो '''pāltin''' -- bucket -- बाल्टो '''pāwkachishāt''' -- publicity -- प्रचार '''pāwkhamii''' -- to inform -- सूचित करना, सुचित होना '''pāāi stōōl, ''' -- excreta -- टट्टी, मल '''paai kashi''' -- to constipate -- कब्ज रहना '''pāāishim''' -- toilet -- प्रसाधन कक्ष '''pi''' -- a name of a month (September) -- महीने का नाम (भाद्रपद) '''#NAME?''' -- plural marker -- बहुवचन वाचक '''pichar''' -- judgement -- फैसला, निर्णय '''picharkasāā''' -- to give judgement -- निर्णय करना, फैसला करना '''pitrei''' -- brass -- पीतल '''pitreikasāā''' -- brass -- ठठेरा '''pinkapan''' -- to be luxurious -- विलासप्रिय होना, आरामतलब होना '''puithukahai''' -- to overflow -- बह निकलना '''pukri''' -- pond -- तालाब '''pukrei''' -- protected woman -- संरक्षित स्त्री '''pukhamii''' -- to capture one by surrounding him -- घेराव करके पकड़ना '''pung''' -- drum -- ढोल '''purhnm''' -- toad -- मेढक '''purhumthei''' -- jackfruit -- कटहल '''puung''' -- owl -- उल्लू '''pei''' -- spleen -- तिल्ली, प्लीहा '''peitingri''' -- abundance -- बाहुल्य, बहुतायत '''pek pek''' -- an expression indicating orderly way -- किसी काम के व्यवस्थित ढंग से किये जाने का सूचक '''pengkai''' -- a bamboo basket used by menfolk -- पुरुषों द्वारा प्रयोग की जाने वाली बाँस की टोकरी '''pengsop''' -- a type of small bamboo basket -- बाँस की एक प्रकार की छोटी टोकरी '''pet''' -- bed -- बिस्तर '''petka''' -- bed-room -- शयन-कक्ष, सोने का कमरा '''petphut''' -- broom-stick used to clean the bed room -- शयन-कक्ष को साफ़ करने के लिए प्रयोग की जाने वाली झाड़ू '''petlāā''' -- song sung by man in bed before sleep (lullaby) -- सोने से पहले आदमी द्वारा बिस्तर में गाया जाने वाला (लोरी के जैसा) गीत '''pemkatāh''' -- to overflow -- बह निकलना '''pemthang''' -- fourth day of a week (Thursday) -- सप्ताह का चौधा दिन (बृहस्पतिवार) '''paipung''' -- pit -- गड्ढ़ा '''paisholā''' -- youngest daughter -- सबसे छोटी बेटी '''pat''' -- ghost -- भूत '''pankan''' -- muslim -- मुसलमान '''pamkasang''' -- to bow (the head and body) -- झुकाना (सिर और शरीर) '''pamkhong''' -- seat -- गद्दी, बैठने की जगह '''pareng''' -- line -- रेखा, लकीर '''parengching''' -- red wollen shawl worn by head man -- लाल ऊनी शाल जिसे मुखिया पहनता है । '''parkakāā''' -- to exhibit -- प्रदर्शित करना, दिखाना '''pongapān''' -- complication -- जटिलता, उलझन, पेंच '''pongsin''' -- wine-distributor -- शराब-बाँटने वाला '''pongham''' -- big earthen wine jar -- शराब रखने का मिट्टी का बना घड़ा '''potkhangapāt''' -- to be unclean -- मैला होना, मैला करना '''ponkasu''' -- to have stomach pain -- पेट में दर्द होना '''ponkhangapan''' -- to complicate -- उलझाना, जटिल करना '''po po''' -- expression indicating continuity of one's action, without any break -- किसी काम के बिना अवरोध के लगातार किये जाने का सूचक '''porikhā''' -- examination -- इम्तहान, परीक्षा '''polāng''' -- bamboo basket in conical shape -- नुकीली आकृति की बाँस की टोकरी '''preikahar''' -- couple, husband and wife -- दंपति, पति-पत्नी '''preingazui''' -- married women -- विवाहिता '''preitun''' -- uxoriousness -- जोरु की गुलामी '''preiwu''' -- wife -- पत्नी ''' bing''' -- non-human plural marker -- मानवेतर वाचक बहुवचन '''fu''' -- dog -- कुत्ता '''fukakham''' -- to conceal -- छिपाना '''fukathui''' -- to get married (girls) -- शादी होना (लड़कियों की) '''fukapi''' -- sheet, covering cloth -- चादर '''fukasung''' -- to challenge directly -- खुले आम चुनौती देना '''funāw''' -- puppy -- पिल्ला '''fuwu''' -- bitch -- कुतिया '''phāi''' -- name of a month (August) -- एक मास का नाम (श्रावण) (सावन) (अगस्त) '''phākasang''' -- to insert -- डालना, घुसाना '''phākazā''' -- to dine -- भोजन करना '''phakashok''' -- to discover -- खोज निकालना '''phāko''' -- wall -- दीवार '''phākop''' -- wedge -- खपच्ची '''phāchang''' -- a thick and big mat -- बड़ी तथा मोटी चटाई '''phātop ''' -- imprisonment -- कैद, कारावास '''phārei''' -- leprosy -- कोढ़ '''phāwon''' -- shirt -- कमीज '''phāwrāw''' -- cockroch -- तिलचट्टा '''phāshi''' -- punishment to hang the guilty -- अपराधी को फाँसी की सजा '''phāshikasāā''' -- to hang (as punishment) -- फाँसी लगाना या देना (सजा के बतौर) '''phāākhari''' -- to preserve -- बचा कर रखना, सुरक्षित रखना '''phāhkazat''' -- to search for -- ढूँढना '''phinui''' -- lawn -- लान '''phiyewkahai''' -- to wash off (mentally) -- मत-आरोपण करना '''phiyowkhamii''' -- to pardon -- क्षमा करना '''philān''' -- flag -- झण्डा '''philawn''' -- princess -- राजकुमारी '''phiwannau''' -- opponent -- प्रतिपक्षी, विरोधी '''phu''' -- bottle gourd -- लौकी '''phukhangarum''' -- to get into contact (physical) -- सम्पर्क में आना (शारीरिक) '''phung''' -- drum -- ढोल '''phungshar''' -- a loft hanging above the fire place to dry paddy (it is above changrap) -- धान सुखाने के लिए आग के ऊपर टँगो हुई चटाई '''phun''' -- burden -- बोझा '''phuphu''' -- expression indicating the mannet in which smoke is let out from a smoker's mouth -- धूम्रपान करने वाले व्यक्ति द्वारा धुआँ छोड़ने के ढंग का बोधक शब्द '''phushim''' -- water melong -- तरबूज '''phuungrei''' -- flat portion of the hill -- पहाड़ का समतल हिस्सा '''phuungreng''' -- mountain range -- पर्वत-माला '''phei''' -- leg -- टाँग '''pheikānchithei''' -- foot-ball -- फुटबॉल '''pheikām''' -- white shawl -- सफेद शाल '''pheikatak''' -- to be lame -- पंगु होना, पंगु करना '''pheikanta''' -- muscle -- मांसपेशी '''pheikhuk''' -- knee -- घुटना '''pheikhangarok''' -- to express each other -- एक दूसरे को अभिव्यक्त करना '''pheikhangarok''' -- to expose (physically) each other -- एक दूसरे को उघाड़ना (शारीरिक) '''pheingaphok''' -- stumbling block -- अड़ंगी, बाधा '''pheichak''' -- foot-works (in dancing) -- पैर चलाने की क्रिया (नृत्य में) '''phichon''' -- foot-print -- पदचिह्न '''pheithei''' -- calf of one's leg -- पिण्डली '''pheināi''' -- treadle -- टेडिल '''pheiphir''' -- a white shawl worn by womenfolk -- स्त्रियों द्वारा ओढ़ी जाने वाली सफेद शाल '''pheimik''' -- ankle -- टखना '''pheimuchā''' -- socks -- मोजे '''pheimaiyā''' -- sole -- तलवा '''pheimakai''' -- cover plate for the calf -- पिंडली पर पहना जाने वाला स्लैक '''pheimachi''' -- heel -- एड़ी '''pheimareng''' -- toe -- पैर की अंगुली '''pheiyungho''' -- big toe -- पैर का अंगूठा '''pheitingkor''' -- toe nail -- पैर के नाखून '''pheiwānāw''' -- challenge between equals -- बराबर के लोगों के बीच चुनौती '''pheiwor''' -- elephantiasis -- हाथी-पाँव, फील पाँव '''phoisin''' -- principles (code) -- सिद्धान्त, नियम '''pheisip''' -- cicada -- रइयाँ '''pheihop''' -- shoe -- जूता '''pheihopkasā''' -- shoe-maker -- चमार, मोची '''phek phek''' -- an expression indicating the sound produced while chizzling the wood -- लकड़ी को छेनी से काटने की आवाज '''phen''' -- cock -- मुर्गा '''phaitakhamaiā''' -- to approve -- मंजूर या स्वीकृत करना, मंजूर या स्वीकृत होना '''phaiyām''' -- public -- जनता '''phangā''' -- five -- पाँच '''phaningungkhangasak''' -- to remind -- याद दिलाना '''phaningkui''' -- propeller -- जहाज या हवाई जहज को आगे बढ़ाने वाला पंखा-नुमा यंत्र '''phaningkhawung''' -- to remember -- याद करना, याद आना '''phanit''' -- festival -- उत्सव, त्यौहार '''pham''' -- snow -- हिम, बर्फ '''phamkok''' -- ice -- बर्फ '''phamushāw''' -- robbery -- डकैती '''pharāngchi''' -- red shawl -- लाल शाल '''pharu''' -- snake -- साँप '''phalong''' -- mat (bigger in size) -- चटाई '''phaw''' -- lover -- प्रेमी '''phawla''' -- beloved (girl) -- प्रेमिका '''phasā''' -- body -- शरीर '''phazātkā''' -- dining room -- खाने का कमरा '''phongkhangasak''' -- to carry loads or kids on the back -- सामान या बच्चों को पीठ पर लादना '''phōōkaphā ''' -- adultry -- परगमन '''mā''' -- paddy -- धान '''māi''' -- face -- चेहरा '''maikashi''' -- to defeat -- हारना, हराना '''māikhangapu''' -- to have scare due to small-pox -- चेचक के कारण दाग पड़ना '''māikhangawā''' -- to feel shy -- शर्माना '''māiting''' -- stain on the face -- चेहरे पर पड़ा धब्बा '''māimit''' -- hand kerchief -- रुमाल '''māilep''' -- cut in the face with a knife -- चेहरे पर पड़ा चाकू के घाव का निशान '''māisor''' -- check -- गाल '''māishāt''' -- defamation -- मानहानि, निन्दा '''māihop''' -- mask -- नकाब, परदा, मुखौटा '''mākung''' -- small insect found in paddy crops -- धान की फसल में लगने वाला एक छोटा कीड़ा '''mākrei''' -- a variety of rice use for making rice-beer -- चावल की शराब बनाने के लिए प्रयुक्त एक प्रकार का चावल '''-māng''' -- alone -- अकेला '''māngum''' -- paddy -- धान '''māt''' -- holiday -- छुट्टी '''māthir''' -- rice flour -- चावल का आटा '''māthu''' -- paddy seedling -- धान की पौध '''māthei''' -- autumn -- शरत्, पतझड़ '''māthang''' -- Sunday -- इतवार, रविवार '''māphui''' -- dried paddy -- सूखा धान '''marei''' -- circus -- सर्कस '''mālong''' -- paddy plant -- धान का पौधा ''' māwon ''' -- rice-grain -- चावल का दाना, कनी '''māwonzai''' -- a festival celebrated to invoke god to give good harvest -- एक उत्सव जिसमें भगवान से अच्छी फसल के लिए प्रार्थना को जाती हैं । '''māhor''' -- medal -- पदक, तमगा '''mi''' -- people -- लोग '''mik''' -- eye -- आँख '''mik-kakhei''' -- to have squint eye -- भेंगा होना '''mikkashui''' -- to be drowsy -- ऊँधना, नींद लगना '''mikkor''' -- eye lid -- पपोटा, पलक '''mikkhā''' -- eye lash -- बरौनी '''mikkhngapiyān''' -- to be blind -- अन्धा होना '''mikkhami''' -- to close one's eyes -- आँखे मीचना '''mikkhayip''' -- moment -- क्षण, पल '''mikchenru''' -- spectacle -- चश्मा '''mikthā''' -- pupil -- पुतली '''mikpāikashi''' -- to be jealous -- ईर्ष्या करना या होना '''mikphung''' -- place in the face where eye brow grows -- भृकुटी '''mikphunghāh''' -- eye-brow -- भौंहें '''mikmāw''' -- sty -- सुअर-बाड़ा '''mihyan''' -- sight -- नजर, दृष्टि '''mikhaching''' -- gun-powder -- बारूद '''mikhanam''' -- to betray -- विश्वासघात करना '''mingchat''' -- reputation -- नाम, प्रतिष्ठा, यश '''mingshan''' -- glass -- काँच, शीशा '''mitrang''' -- magician -- जादूगर '''miphu''' -- member (of the village counsil) -- सदस्य (ग्राम सभा का) '''mimāw''' -- cholera -- हैजा '''miyum''' -- punishment of hanging for the act of murder -- फाँसी की सजा (कत्ल के लिए) '''miyan''' -- man of high family -- ऊँचे परिवार या कुल का आदमी '''mirinyei''' -- civilisation -- सभ्यता '''miwun''' -- generation -- पीढ़ी '''miwurthi''' -- geneology -- वंशावली '''mishi''' -- lead (metal) -- सीसा (धातु) '''mishang''' -- crowd -- भीड़ '''muiyā''' -- cloud -- बादल '''muiyāpāi''' -- mist -- धुंध '''muirn''' -- a type of bead necklace -- एक प्रकार की मणियों की माला '''muk''' -- ink -- स्याही '''mukchin''' -- a hybrid variety of cow and mithun -- गाय और अरने से उत्पन्न संकर बछड़ा '''muktā''' -- pearl -- मोती '''mukphu''' -- inkpot -- स्याही की दवात '''mukzim''' -- blotting paper -- स्याहीचूस, सोख्ता, स्याही सोख '''mungrin''' -- kingdom -- राज्य '''mutā''' -- radish -- मूली '''muukha''' -- grove (lumps of trees together) -- उपवन, कुंड (वृक्षों का समूह) '''me''' -- goat -- बकरी '''mei''' -- fire -- आग '''meikachi''' -- tobacco made ready for smoking before it is burnt -- तम्बाकू (पीने के लिए तैयारी की गई) '''meikachiru''' -- water of smoking pot after smoking -- पीने के बाद हुक्के में बचा पानी '''meikathot''' -- to set fire in the jungle for shift cultivation -- शिफ्टिंग खेती के लिए जंगल में आग लगाना '''meikari''' -- tobacco after it is burnt -- तम्बाकू (जलने के बाद), जरनाठी '''meikhut''' -- smoke -- धुआँ '''meikhet''' -- matches -- माचिस '''meikharap''' -- to make fire by striking two stones -- दो पत्थरों को टकरा कर या घिस कर आग पैदा करना '''meichāt''' -- burning material -- जलती हुई वस्तु '''meithā''' -- ember -- अंगारा '''meithalung''' -- stone used in the fire place to keeo the pot -- आग पर बर्तन टिकाने के लिए रखे गये पत्थर '''meipa''' -- spark -- चिनगारी '''meipum''' -- a gathering (around the fire) a muting place -- भीड़, जनसमूह सभा (आग के चारों) और सभा-स्थल मिलने की जगह '''meiphung''' -- hearth -- चूल्हा '''meinongngaman''' -- dusk -- गो-धूलि '''meila''' -- a price of wood from pine-wood tree used as a burning stick -- मशाल के रूप में प्रयोग की जाने वाली चीड़ की लकड़ी '''meilap''' -- fire-stone -- चकमक '''meiwon''' -- flame -- लपट '''meiwor''' -- comet -- पुच्छलतारा, धूमकेतु '''maisā''' -- mutton -- माँस (भेड़ या बकरी का) '''meisut''' -- arson -- गृहदाह, आगजनी '''meisum''' -- fire place in the ladies' dormitory where boys and girls meet together -- स्त्रियों के सोने के कमरे में आग जलाई जाने वाली जगह जहाँ लड़के और लड़कियों मिलते हैं । '''meihur''' -- a bamboo frame in which the fire stone is kept -- चकमक रखने के लिए बाँस का खाँचा '''ma''' -- yes -- हाँ '''#NAME?''' -- marker for negative conductive tag question) -- है न ! '''#NAME?''' -- marker for negation -- अ- (निषेधात्मक उपसर्ग) '''#NAME?''' -- comparative marker -- तुलना बोधक परसर्ग '''maiāngpāi''' -- potato -- आलू '''maiārnān''' -- male -- पुल्लिंग, पुरुष '''maio''' -- spring (season) March -- बसन्त, मार्च '''maion''' -- guard -- पहरेदार '''maikashi''' -- to defeat -- हारना, हराना '''maitheipāi''' -- sweet potato -- शकरकन्द '''maiyāt''' -- success -- सफलता '''makā''' -- lap -- गोद '''maku''' -- twenty -- बीस '''makunru''' -- sacred (sacred thread) -- यज्ञोपवीत, जनेऊ '''makachā''' -- to do contempt -- अपमान करना, अवज्ञा करना '''makathuk''' -- to be weak (in studies, health etc.) -- कमजोर होना (पढ़ाई, स्वास्थ्य आदि में) '''makathei''' -- to disappear -- गायब होना, गायब करना '''makazang''' -- to avoid -- टालना '''makashit''' -- contempt -- अपमान करना, अवज्ञा करना '''makhā''' -- jaw -- जबड़ा '''makhāi''' -- half rupee -- आठ आने, अठन्नी '''makhāk''' -- remnant -- अवशेष, बचा हुआ टुकड़ा '''makhu''' -- name of a month (June) -- एक मास का नाम (जून) ज्येष्ठ '''makhui''' -- wrong -- गलत '''makhuikasang''' -- to disapprove -- अस्वीकार या नामंजूर करना, अस्वीकार या नामंजूर होना '''makhuipit''' -- turbid water -- गंदला पानी '''makhangathu''' -- to be permanent -- स्थायी होना '''makhan''' -- butter -- मक्खन '''makhamaiā''' -- to reject -- अस्वीकार होना, अस्वीकार करना '''makhamachut''' -- to be un rewarding -- लाभप्रद न होना '''makhamathā''' -- to be ugly -- भद्दा होना '''makhamashung''' -- to be false -- झूठ होना '''makharar''' -- to fail, to be unable to do -- असफल होना, असमर्थ होना '''mang''' -- dream -- स्वप्न '''mangā''' -- progress -- प्रगति, उन्नति '''mangāikashi''' -- to quarrel further not accepting the settlement -- गाँव के मुखिया के फैसले की अवहेलना करते हुए लड़ाई जारी रखना '''mangkathui''' -- to escape from a village after doing same crime -- कोई अपराध करके गाँव से भाग निकलना '''mangkara''' -- sweet-potato -- शकरकन्द '''mangkhap''' -- a festival preparatory to the commencement of field work (celebrated for 2-3 days) -- खेतों का काम शुरू होने की तैयारी का उत्सव (2-3 दिन तक मनाया जाने वाला) '''mangkhamu''' -- to be foolish -- मूर्ख होना '''mantā''' -- spirit -- आत्मा, जीवात्मा '''mangshāt''' -- bad-dream -- दुःस्वप्न, बुरा सपना '''machi''' -- salt -- नमक '''māchikaphuk''' -- salt-box -- नमक रखने का डिब्बा '''machu''' -- colour -- रंग '''machet machet''' -- piece by piece -- टकड़ा-टुकड़ा करके काटने की क्रिया '''machorn''' -- spit -- थूक '''matik''' -- power, capacity -- शक्ति, सामर्थ्य '''matang''' -- pine tree -- चीड़ का पेड़ '''matat khani''' -- to cut something with teeth into two pieces -- किसी वस्तु को दाँत से काटकर दो टुकड़े करना '''matih''' -- four -- चार '''mathāng''' -- step, stair, ladder -- जीना, सीढ़ी '''mathik''' -- chest -- सीना '''mathiru''' -- cane used for making baskets etc. -- टोकरी आदि बनाने के लिए काम में लाया जाने वाला बेंत '''mathut''' -- a kind of thatching grass -- छप्पर के लिए प्रयोग की जाने वाली एक प्रकार की घास '''mathang''' -- a tree out of which incense is made -- एक प्रकार का पेड़ जिससे अगरबत्ती बनती हैं (रबड़ का पेड़) '''mathan''' -- maggot -- एक प्रकार का कीड़ा '''mathanpāi''' -- pimple -- मुहासा '''maningkachāng''' -- to dislike -- नापसन्द करना, नापसन्द होना '''manukashi''' -- to mock at -- हँसी उड़ाना, मजाक करना '''manukhangāi''' -- to be funny -- हास्यास्पद होना '''manurimrim''' -- smile -- मुस्कान '''mankazār''' -- epidemic -- छूत की बीमारी '''mankhap''' -- a feast celebrated on every season after the field work is over -- खेती का काम पूरा हो जाने की खुशी में मानाया जाने वाला उत्सव '''mannet''' -- sale price -- विक्रय मूल्य '''manho''' -- bride price -- दूल्हे की ओर से दुल्हन के पिता को दुल्हन के लिए दी जाने वाली कीमत '''mafu''' -- elephant -- हाथी '''mafuhāh''' -- tusk of an elephant -- हाथी-दाँत '''mafuu''' -- a type of tree, tall high in structure and used to build houses -- मकान बनाने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाने वाला एक विशाल पेड़ '''mamaiā khangarok''' -- confict -- विवाद, संघर्ष '''mayangri''' -- tobacco leaf -- तम्बाकू की पत्ती, पत्ती '''mayirpik''' -- whiteness -- सफैदी '''mayuingkharik''' -- to be dark green -- गहरा हरा होना, गहरा हरा करना '''mayuikhangarok''' -- to end in draw (in games) -- अनिर्णीत होना (खेल), बराबरी पर छूटना (खेल) '''mayengkatāh''' -- to become thin -- पतला होना, पतला करना '''mayonkapam''' -- to keep watching -- निगरानी करना, निगरानी होना '''marān''' -- prophet -- पैगम्बर, देवदूत '''marānāw''' -- orphan -- अनाथ '''marānkasāā''' -- festival of celebrating a newly built house and the erection of a tarung -- नया मकान बनाने तथा उसके सामने पेड़ का तना गाड़ने के समय मनाया जाने वाला उत्सव '''marānthei''' -- soyabean -- सोयाबीन '''marikachāp''' -- pincers used in cooling -- चिमटा, संड़सी '''marikasā''' -- blacksmith -- लुहार '''marikhanghui''' -- iron chain -- लोहे की जंजीर '''marikhong''' -- boat -- नाव '''maringkaphāā''' -- to displease -- असन्तुष्ट करना, असन्तुष्ट होना '''maripai''' -- rust -- जंग '''maripāw''' -- telegram -- तार '''maripam''' -- mine -- खान '''mariyur''' -- metal -- धातु '''mariwunru''' -- screw -- पेंच '''marishup''' -- pincers -- छोटी, संडासी, चिमटा, संड़सी '''marihāt''' -- hack-saw -- आरा '''marun''' -- name of a month (February) -- एक मास का नाम (फरवरी) '''mareimarāākatham''' -- to be cunning -- चालाक होना '''marewchungthei''' -- conch -- शंख '''marak marak''' -- expression indicating occassional happening of an action -- कभी-कभी होने वाली घटनाओं को सूचित करने वाली भंगिमा '''marang''' -- name of a month (july) -- एक मास का नाम (जुलाई) '''maram''' -- reason -- कारण '''#NAME?''' -- descriptive case marker -- कारक चिन्ह (संबंधवाचक) '''māla''' -- bow -- धनुष '''mālāthing''' -- arrow -- तीर '''mālā thingru''' -- bowstring -- प्रत्यंचा, धनुष की डोरी '''malān''' -- loin cloth -- लंगोटी '''malungkakang''' -- to have grievance -- शिकायत होना '''malungkathur''' -- to make fun of -- मजाक बनाना '''malungkan''' -- anger -- गुस्सा, क्रोध '''malungkasāā''' -- to be very angry -- आग बबूला होना, बहुत गुस्सा होना '''malungkazang''' -- to be brave -- बहादुर होना '''malungkhawat''' -- to be angry -- गुस्सा होना '''malungnim''' -- humbleness, humility -- नम्रता '''malungmakazang''' -- to be afraid of -- किसी से डरना '''malum''' -- winged ant -- चींटी (पंख वाली) '''male''' -- tongue -- जीभ '''maleikhangapān''' -- stammerer -- हकला, तोतला '''malam''' -- crab found in river -- नदी में पाया जाने वाला केकड़ा '''malongthei''' -- bean -- फली '''murm''' -- administration -- प्रशासन '''masāikhok''' -- emptiness -- खालीपन, रिक्तता '''māsaipām''' -- wireless -- बेतार '''māsāilā''' -- a bride who comes to her husband's house empty handed -- पति के घर बिना कुछ दहेज लिए आने वालो दुल्हन '''masāākhangasak''' -- to prevent -- रोकना '''masi''' -- air -- हवा, वायु '''masikhon''' -- whistle -- सीटी '''masih''' -- millet -- बाजरा '''masui''' -- morsing (musical instrument) -- मुँह से बजाया जाने वाला एक प्रकार का बाजा '''masat''' -- defamation -- मानहानि '''masot''' -- honour -- सम्मान '''masot kachikat''' -- to praise -- प्रशंसा करना, प्रशंसा होना '''mazir''' -- small rat -- चुहिया '''mazui''' -- a type of mouth organ -- एक प्रकार का मुँह से बजने वाला बाजा '''mazuk''' -- scoop -- करछा '''mashing''' -- counting -- गिनती '''mashitkhangasak''' -- to pacify -- शान्त करना, शान्त होना '''mashimshāt''' -- mockery -- उपहास, मजाक '''mashun''' -- right, justice -- अधिकार, न्याय '''mashuning''' -- conscience -- विवेक '''mashem''' -- thread-worm -- चुनचुना (पेट का कीड़ा) '''mashokkazat''' -- to overturn -- पलट देना, पलट जाना '''masho khangachai''' -- to reverse -- उलटा करना, उलटा होना '''mashoughazu''' -- to be uncared -- उपेक्षित होना '''mashoru''' -- spit -- थूक '''mashota''' -- spice -- मसाला '''mahāi''' -- charcoal -- कोयला '''mahei''' -- circus -- सर्कस '''mahut''' -- instead of -- बजाय, के बदले '''maham''' -- cobra -- नाग '''mahankung''' -- hood (of a cobra) -- फन (नाग का) '''mahar''' -- a plant with yellow flowers found only in the rainy season -- बरसात में पाया जाने वाला पीले फूलों वाला पौधा '''maharlem''' -- the rainfall in autumn -- शरत् कालीन वर्षा '''mahonkazat''' -- a procession accompanied with shouting -- जुलूस जिसमें लोग नारे लगाते हैं। '''mahootāā''' -- funereal song -- मर्सिया, मृत्यु के समय का गीत '''moksā''' -- boil -- छाला, फफोला '''monglahui''' -- abdomen -- उदर, पेट '''mochā''' -- inner upper garment (baian) -- बनियान '''motthei''' -- banana fruit -- केला '''motlong''' -- banana plant -- केले का पेड़ '''morei''' -- sin, vice -- पाप '''morkam''' -- remanent food -- जूठन, बाकी बचा खाना '''morkasāā''' -- to chatter -- बकबक करना '''morkasap''' -- to gossip -- गप्पें मारना '''morkashi''' -- to eat greedily -- खाने पर टूट पड़ना, लालच से खाना '''morchāi ''' -- upper lip -- होंठ (ऊपर वाला) '''morcham''' -- eloquence -- वाक्पटुता '''morphei''' -- food given free to labourers -- मजदूरों को मुफ्त में दिया जाने वाला भोजन '''morral''' -- herpes of the lips -- होंठ पर पड़ी लकीरें, फेकरी '''morson''' -- entertainment by gossiping -- गप्पें मार कर किया जाने वाला मनोरंजन '''morha''' -- beard and moustache -- दाढ़ी-मूँछ '''morhan''' -- oral message -- मौखिक संदेश '''yāikaphin''' -- to cover (by hands) -- (हाथों से) ढाँपना, ढकना '''yākrei''' -- frying pan made out of iron mesh -- लोहे की जाली से बनी कड़ाही '''yākhon''' -- consonant -- व्यंजन '''yāng''' -- centre of a circle -- केन्द्र बिन्दु '''yāngkhei''' -- a bamboo basket with cover, used to keep clothes -- कपड़े रखने के लिए बाँस की ढक्कन वाली टोकरी '''yāngkhup''' -- verandah -- बरामदा '''yāngying''' -- head dress made of leaves worn by warriors -- सैनिकों द्वारा पहना जाने वाला पत्तों से बना टोप '''yākathei''' -- to be well versed in argument -- बहस करने में कुशल होना '''yāpāng''' -- right-hand -- दायाँ हाथ '''yāmkar''' -- hammer -- हथौड़ा '''yāmbazat''' -- to hide (one self) -- छिपना (स्वयं) '''yāmkashok''' -- to escape (from jail) -- भाग निकलना (जेल से) '''yāmkok''' -- winnowing pan -- सूप '''yāmpāi''' -- water moss -- काई '''yāmphut''' -- broom stick for garden -- झाडू (बगीचा साफ करने के लिए) '''yārui''' -- public -- जनता '''yāruika''' -- public hall -- चौपाल, जनता गृह, सभा भवन '''yāruiyor''' -- auction -- नीलामी '''yāruiwo''' -- chairman -- सभापति, अध्यक्ष '''yārongam''' -- youngster (man) -- युवक '''yāronaw''' -- youth -- युवावस्था '''yārtui''' -- shoulder -- कन्धा '''yārphei''' -- communal earning -- सामुदायिक, कमाई '''yāw''' -- sheep -- भेड़ '''yāwu''' -- ewe -- भेड़ '''yāwkathui''' -- to loiter -- मटरगश्ती करना '''yāwkhon''' -- to bleat -- मिमियाना '''yāwchak''' -- trap made of sticks -- लकड़ियों से बना फन्दा '''yāwthang''' -- third day of the week (Wednesday) -- सप्ताह का तीसरा दिन (बुद्धवार) '''yāwnāw''' -- lamb -- मेमना '''yāwwā''' -- ram -- भेड़ा '''yikhei''' -- gulf -- खाड़ी '''yingkong''' -- blue black coloured beads used in the necklace 'kongsang' -- कण्ठी (कांगसांग) में पिरोये जाने वाले गहरे नीले रंग के मनके '''yim''' -- red ant -- लाल चींटी '''yirei''' -- sea -- समुद्र '''yir yir''' -- expression indicating the sound produced by the movement of plants -- खड़खड़ाना (पत्तों का) '''yuikakhui''' -- to overcome -- जीत लेना, पार पा लेना '''yuikasang ''' -- to include -- शामिल करना '''yuikashi''' -- to envy -- ईर्ष्या होना, ईर्ष्या करना '''yuiphun''' -- condemnation -- निन्दा '''yuishap''' -- ability -- योग्यता '''yung''' -- central beam of the roof -- छत के बीच की कड़ी (शहतीर) '''yungnā''' -- hair root -- बाल की जड़ '''yungrei''' -- tape-root -- झकड़ा जड़ '''yungho''' -- big toe -- पैर का अँगूठा '''yunkakhui''' -- trace out -- पता लगाना '''yunkazat''' -- to follow with a clue -- सुराग के आधार पर पीछा करना '''yupi''' -- coconut -- नारियल '''yumkasi''' -- to become dark -- अंधेरा होना '''yur''' -- kind, variety, type -- प्रकार '''yur''' -- community -- समुदाय '''yurkhā''' -- poetry -- कविता '''yurkha''' -- group of people -- लोगों का दल '''yensang''' -- index finger -- तर्जनी '''#NAME?''' -- marker of specificity -- विशिष्टता-बोधक '''yaknaw''' -- small letter -- रोमन का छोटा अक्षर '''yakrei''' -- block letter -- रोमन का बड़ा अक्षर '''yangkakazi''' -- to frown -- त्योरी चढ़ाना '''yangkakazip''' -- to stare -- घूरना '''yangkakharing''' -- to hate -- घृणा करना '''yangkakharot''' -- oddness -- वैषम्य '''yangkasang''' -- to charm -- मोहित करना '''yangkashi''' -- to feel enimity -- दुश्मनी लेना, दुश्मनी होना '''yangkhangasun''' -- to be face to face -- आमने सामने होना '''yangkhamii''' -- to pardon -- क्षमा करना '''yangkhamkahai''' -- to have a casual look -- सरसरी निगाह से देखना '''yangchingkachi''' -- to look all of a sudden -- अचानक देखना '''yan''' -- protection -- बचाव, रक्षा '''yansāi''' -- jealousy -- ईर्ष्या '''yansāng''' -- negligence -- लापरवाही '''yamkar''' -- hammer -- हथौड़ा '''yamkasang''' -- to fly away and hide -- भाग कर छिपना '''yarphei''' -- group earning -- सामुदायिक अर्जन, कमाई '''yaruu''' -- a festival of the youth -- युवा समारोह '''yokkakhui''' -- to bringforth -- प्रकट करना, जाहिर करना '''yongkharar''' -- to leap (for attack) -- (हमले के लिए) छलाँग लगाना, कूदना '''yong tōng''' -- the monkey which leads its group -- बन्दर (जो दल का अगुआ होता है) '''yongmān''' -- brownish monkey -- भूरे रंग का बन्दर '''yongshāt''' -- hatredness -- द्वेष, नफरत '''yotpāk''' -- spade -- फावड़ा '''yotpi''' -- nail -- कील '''yonkahai''' -- to commit, mistake -- गल्ती करना '''yomshimān''' -- defiance -- अवज्ञा, चुनौती '''yomhān''' -- defamation -- मानहानि '''rāi''' -- war -- युद्ध, लड़ाई '''rāiuilāā''' -- victory-song -- विजय-गान '''rāikatāh''' -- to remove the clothes -- कपड़े उतारना '''raikathām''' -- victory flag -- विजय-पताका '''rāikān''' -- security force -- सुरक्षा-दल '''rāikasang''' -- to rise -- उठाना उठना '''rāikasang''' -- to prosper -- समृद्ध बनाना, समृद्ध तोड़ना '''rāikahai''' -- to cut away one's relation -- सम्बन्ध तोड़ना '''rāikahai''' -- to un dress -- कपड़े उतारना '''rāikathāh''' -- to out-cast -- जाति से निकालना '''rāikuihon''' -- helmet -- छोटा गाँव '''rāikhāhi''' -- sword -- तलवार '''rāikhotlā''' -- song sung after the victorious return of the people from war -- विजयी योद्धाओं के लौटने पर गाया जाने वाला गान '''rāichi''' -- rash (found on the body) -- चकत्ते '''rāinglan''' -- retreat (war) -- अपसरण (युद्ध) '''rāipan''' -- fort -- किला '''rāipam''' -- war-field -- युद्ध क्षेत्र '''rāiphung''' -- war-drum -- युद्ध का नगाड़ा '''rāimi''' -- soldier -- सैनिक '''rāiyan''' -- war-customs -- युद्ध-सम्बन्धित नियम '''rāyot''' -- victory in war -- युद्ध में विजय '''rāilāā''' -- war-song -- युद्ध-गान '''rāilut''' -- patrol (military) -- गश्त (सैनिक) '''rāiwāt''' -- cloth worn by soldiers during war time -- सैनिकों द्वारा युद्ध के समय पहनी जाने वाली वर्दी '''rāihankahang''' -- to eat the war-curry, i.e., to win the war -- युद्ध विजय करने करने के बाद एक विशेष प्रकार का भोजन खाना '''rānrei''' -- assembly of people for the celebration of marānkasāā -- मरान्कसा मनाने के लिए सभा '''rāpthingrn''' -- rib -- पसली '''rāphunthing''' -- a rod fixed to the wall to hold the thread -- बुनाई के समय धागा अटकाने के लिए दीवार में गड़ी छड़ '''rāpharthing''' -- coloured stick used by the weavers in the loom -- करघे में जुलाहों द्वारा प्रयोग की जाने वाली रंगदार छड़ '''rāramthing''' -- sticks over which the threads are kept spreaded for weaving -- एक प्रकार की छड़े जिन पर बुनाई के लिए धागे फैलाये जाते हैं । '''rāluithing''' -- rod in the middle of the loom used to change the weaving for designs -- करघे के मध्य की छड़ जिसका प्रयोग बनाई का नमूना बदलने के लिए होता है। '''rāhokru''' -- belt attched to the back of the weaver supporting the loom -- करघे को सहारा देने के लिए जुलाहे की कमर में बंधी पेटी '''rāākachithei''' -- to guide -- निर्देश देना '''raakashung''' -- to arrive -- पहुँचना '''-rāāshum''' -- durative perfectence marker -- पूर्ण वर्तमान काल वाचक प्रत्यय '''rāāshomlāā''' -- plantation song -- रोपण करते समय गाया जाने वाला गीत '''rik''' -- louse -- जूँ '''rikānkhangashai''' -- to lighten -- हल्का करना या घटना, हल्का होना या घटना '''rikkhā''' -- armpit -- बगल '''rikru''' -- porcupine -- साही '''riksi''' -- comb -- कंघा '''riksiwār''' -- a type of mushroom -- एक प्रकार का कुकुरमुत्ता '''rikhān''' -- lightening -- बिजली, विद्युत '''rikhamii''' -- to lead a party -- दल का नेतृत्व करना '''ringārangrang''' -- expression indicating continuous chirping sound -- चीं-चीं या चहचहाट बोधक शब्द '''ringanam''' -- rancidity -- बासीपन की बद्बू '''ringkat''' -- sacrifice (animate) -- बलि '''ringkaphāā''' -- to be delighted, to be happy -- खुश होना '''ringkhangā''' -- to make loud noise due to awful pain -- जोर से कराहना (भीषण दर्द के कारण) '''ringkhalui''' -- to resurret -- पुनः जीवित करना, पुनः जीवित होना '''ringphat''' -- happiness -- खुशी '''ringyat''' -- happy life -- सुखी-जीवन '''ringsen''' -- act of getting omen for oneself -- मुहूर्त या शकुन खोजने का कार्य '''ringshāt''' -- miserable life -- दुःखी जीवन '''rin''' -- life, existance -- जीवन, अस्तित्व '''rimkapam''' -- to wait, to ambush -- घात में बैठना '''rimtong''' -- slice -- टुकड़ा '''rim rim''' -- an expression indicating the physical pain one feels -- शारीरिक पीड़ा की सूचक अभिव्यक्ति '''riyen''' -- law -- कानून '''riyankāi''' -- illegality -- अवैधता '''riyankapān''' -- to break the law or constitution -- कानून तोड़ना '''risup''' -- pincer -- चिमटा '''rishowlung''' -- anvil -- निहाई '''muikakhui''' -- adopted son -- दत्तक पुत्र, गोद लिया बेटा '''ruikha''' -- wreath -- फूलों की माला '''rukaiāk''' -- to swim -- तैरना '''ruikakhui''' -- to adopt (a child) -- गोद लेना (बच्चा) '''rukakhayāng''' -- to indulge in underground talks -- गुप्त वार्ता में रमना '''rukasu''' -- to marry -- शादी करना, शादी होना '''rukazat''' -- to search for a place to do any secret act -- गुप्त कार्य करने के लिए जगह ढूँढना '''rukashik''' -- to baptise -- ईसाई ढंग से नामकरण करना, वपतिस्मा '''rukashik''' -- to immerse -- डुबोना '''rukhā''' -- weir -- एक तरह का बाँध '''rukhachang''' -- to feel thirst -- प्यास लगना '''rukhayang''' -- to peep in, to watch -- झाँकना, देखना '''rokhawai''' -- to wash the horse -- घोड़े को नहलाना '''rukhong''' -- well -- कुआँ '''rungkathat''' -- to kill one by piercing with a spear -- भाला भोंक कर मारना '''rutek''' -- a small hole in the field for water to pass through -- खेत से पानी निकलने के लिए एक छोटा सुराख '''runā''' -- shift rod of the loom -- करघे की ढरकी '''runu''' -- wish -- इच्छा '''runkasang''' -- to refund, to re pay -- लौटाना '''rupung''' -- sea -- समुद्र '''rupheng''' -- breast-plate (worn during war) -- कवच (युद्ध के समय प्रयोग किया जाने वाला) '''rumei''' -- widow -- विधवा '''rumazit''' -- seepage water -- गन्दा पानी '''rumkakazam''' -- to cut in to pieces with axe or dao -- कुल्हाड़ी या दाव से काटकर टुकड़े-टुकड़े करना '''rumkhon''' -- salt mine -- नमक की खान '''ruyur''' -- river current -- नदी की घारा '''rurā''' -- wild-cat -- बनबिलाव '''ru ru''' -- an expression indicating an act done continuously -- निरन्तरता सूचक '''rurei''' -- python -- अजगर '''rureishāwu''' -- crocodile -- मगरमच्छ '''rulei''' -- island -- द्वीप '''ruwāikā''' -- bath room -- गुसलखाना, स्नानघर '''ruwok''' -- water-spring -- चश्मा, सोता '''ruwon''' -- foam -- झाग, फेन '''ruzāi''' -- free distribution of liquor -- शराब का मुफ्त वितरण '''rushong''' -- drainage canal -- नाली, नहर '''ruhei''' -- a small bamboo tube for carrying tobacco juice -- तम्बाकू का रस रखने के लिए बाँस की छोटी नली '''reikasang''' -- to be prosperous -- समृद्ध होना '''reikhangasak''' -- to raise (money, one's position) -- बढ़ाना, बढ़ना (पद या रुपया पैसा) '''rekasāā''' -- idle person -- बेकार आदमी, निष्क्रिय व्यक्ति '''rekkakharek''' -- to prosecute -- अभियोग चलाना '''rekmahak''' -- pride -- अभिमान '''ret''' -- rules and regulations -- नियम '''retkasang''' -- to cut (vegetables etc., with a sickle) -- काटना (दराँती से सब्जी आदि) '''ret ret''' -- an expression indicating the slow movement of walking with the shaking of one's body -- शरीर हिलाकर चलने की धीमी गति का सूचक '''renkasang''' -- to cut into two pieces -- दो टुकड़ों में काटना '''remfer''' -- fox -- लोमड़ी '''ru ru''' -- an expression indicating the slow movement of crawling -- धीमे-धीमे रेंगने की क्रिया का सूचक '''rewchin''' -- crab -- केकड़ा '''rewpo''' -- bell -- घण्टी '''#NAME?''' -- future tense marker -- भविष्यत् काल वाचक प्रत्यय '''rangkor''' -- anus -- गुदा '''rangthei''' -- buttock -- नितम्ब, चूतड़ '''rangruinaw''' -- a small stick used in driving cows -- गायों को हाँकने के लिए प्रयोग की जाने वाली छोटी छड़ी '''ram''' -- jungle -- जंगल '''ram''' -- inn -- सराय '''ram''' -- village -- ग्राम '''ramtāng''' -- jact-fruit plant -- कटहल का पौधा '''rammai''' -- wild fire -- दावानल '''ramwānu''' -- swan -- हंस '''ramsei''' -- bison -- गवल '''ramshi''' -- dilapidated house -- टूटा-फूटा घर, खण्डहर '''ramhar''' -- wild fox -- जंगली-लोमड़ी '''rokthei''' -- adam's apple -- टेंटुआ '''roktheiru''' -- throat -- गला '''rong''' -- plant -- पौधा '''rom''' -- packet -- पैकिट '''rōpkahai''' -- to cover the private part of a woman with a cloth or hand -- औरत के गुप्तांगों को कपड़े या हाथ से ढकना '''ropkahai''' -- to be quiet -- चुप रहना '''lā''' -- feminine marker -- स्त्रीलिंग वाचक '''lāisaki''' -- oath -- शपथ, सौगन्ध '''lākakha''' -- one lukh -- एक लाख '''lākachin''' -- to divorce -- तलाक देना '''lākatuk''' -- to rape -- बलात्कार करना '''lākhamām''' -- to behave like woman -- औरतों की तरह व्यवहार करना '''lāngkaso''' -- to feel proud -- अभिमान होना, गर्व करना '''lāngkazā''' -- to take more -- अधिक लेना '''lāngkhor''' -- piles (discese) -- बबासीर '''lāngchā''' -- vulture -- गिद्ध '''langtik''' -- hawk -- बाज '''langpār''' -- thunder -- गड़गड़ाहट, गर्जन '''lāngpop''' -- a type of hawk -- एक प्रकार का बाज '''lāngsan''' -- injustice -- अन्याय '''lāngsot''' -- arrogance -- अक्खड़पन '''lāchin''' -- penalty for divorce -- तलाक के लिए लिया जाने वाला जुर्माना '''lāpān''' -- divorce -- तलाक '''lāpngarei''' -- shame -- शरम, लाज '''lāphit''' -- fine for divorcing one's wife -- पत्नी को तलाक देने के कारण लगाया जाने वाला जुर्माना '''lāmi''' -- cat -- बिल्ली '''lāmināw''' -- kitten -- बिल्ली का बच्चा '''lārongvu''' -- spinster -- कुआँरी, अविवाहिता '''lāhar''' -- fishing bird -- केंकड़ा '''lāhom''' -- divorce -- तलाक '''lāā''' -- song -- गाना, गीत '''lāākui''' -- chorous -- समूहगान '''lāākhangaui''' -- dance by young girls during luiru festival -- उत्सव के समय युवतियों द्वारा किया जाने वाला नृत्य '''lāāchat''' -- conclussion -- निष्कर्ष '''lāāsāākazat''' -- procession with singing -- गानों के साथ निकाला जाने वाला जुलूस '''lāāher''' -- rhythm -- ताल, लय '''lāāhor''' -- music -- संगीत '''lāh''' -- polar question marker -- क्या (हाँ-नही प्रकार के प्रश्न) '''#NAME?''' -- accusative, dative, locative case marker -- को, में/पर (कर्म, सम्प्रदान तथा अधिकरण करको के परसर्ग) '''#NAME?''' -- vouching present tense marker -- वर्तमान काल में होने वाली घटना को विश्वासनीय रूप से व्यक्त करने का सूचक '''likli''' -- bottle -- बोतल '''lingui''' -- lime -- चूना '''lingkakā''' -- to organise -- आयोजित करना '''lingkasang''' -- to sow -- बोना '''lingkor''' -- nail -- नाखून '''lingpo''' -- ant-hill -- बाम्बी '''linglongthei''' -- bean (available from a creeper) -- फली (बेल से प्राप्त होने वाली) '''lip''' -- a temporary hut constructed for keeping materials and cooking food etc. during the construction of a house -- मकान बनाते समय उसके लिए जरूरी चीजें तथा खाद्य सामग्री रखने के लिए बनाया गयी अस्थायी झोपड़ी '''lichei''' -- cane (bamdoo) -- बेंत '''lilām''' -- auction -- नीलामी '''lihkasāā''' -- a person earning one's livelihood by stealing -- चोरी करके आजीविका कमाने वाला व्यक्ति '''lihphan''' -- a cane teapoy -- बेंत की तिपाई '''luikakhui''' -- to plough -- हल जोतना '''luikakhui''' -- seize one's field as punishment -- जुर्माने के रूप में किसी का खेत जब्त कर लेना '''luikashom''' -- to plant -- रोपना '''luichumnām''' -- native person -- मूल निवासी '''luipet''' -- sleeping field to watch the crop -- फसल की रखवाली के लिए खेत में सोना '''luiru''' -- (around middle of February a week long festival after harvest and before saving starts) -- फसल काटने तथा अगली फसल बोने से पहले एक सप्ताह तक मनाया जाने वाला उत्सव (फरवरी के मध्य में) '''luiruthei''' -- black berry -- काली बेरी '''#NAME?''' -- imperative marker -- आज्ञार्थक प्रत्यय '''luk''' -- bamboo basket in conica; shape with closed weaving -- कस पर बुनी बाँस की शांकवीय आकार टोकरी '''lukkhamashan''' -- to be sympathetic, to be kind, to pity -- हमदर्द होना, दयालु होना, तरस खाना '''lukmakun''' -- corners of a basket -- टोकरी के कोने '''lukamashan''' -- to be merciful -- दयावान होना '''lungkāikachuui''' -- high steep rock -- ऊँची खड़ी चट्टान '''lungkuinān''' -- stone -- पत्थर '''lungkotla''' -- a game played by ladies with seeds in different pair of holes in a wood -- स्त्रियों द्वारा खेला जाने वाला एक प्रकार का खेल '''lungkhom''' -- stone-heap -- पत्थरों का ढेर '''lungkhur''' -- cave -- गुफ़ा '''lungchang''' -- hard-stone -- ठोस-पत्थर '''lungpāng''' -- fearlessness -- निडरता, निर्भयता '''lungphā''' -- anvil -- निहाई '''lungtap''' -- cowardice -- कायरता '''lungriham''' -- stone-door -- पत्थर का दरवाजा '''lunghailā''' -- pebble -- कंकड़ '''lungthāng''' -- rock -- चट्टान '''lunghār''' -- crow-bar -- लोहे की छड़ '''lunghān''' -- clod -- ढेला '''lutkazā''' -- to collect morrel -- जूठन इकट्ठी करना '''lupa''' -- money -- रुपया-पैसा '''lupātār''' -- interest (money) -- ब्याज, सूद '''lumkachang''' -- summer -- गर्मी, ग्रीष्म '''lumkashinām''' -- to amuse -- मनोरंजन करना, मनोरंजन होना, प्रसन्न करना, प्रसन्न होना '''lumkhalāw''' -- social gathering -- सामाजिक सभा '''lumkhong''' -- salt-mine -- नमक की खान '''lumru''' -- salt water -- खारा पानी '''lumlāw''' -- festivity -- अमोद-प्रमोद, आनन्दोत्सव '''lumzaimet''' -- gift -- उपहार, भेंट '''lumzaihof''' -- nick-name -- उपनाम '''leikasāā''' -- to trade -- व्यापार '''leikasing''' -- to indulge in bargaining -- मोल भाव करना '''leikashi''' -- to love, to be affectionate -- प्यार करना '''leikhur''' -- military trench -- खाई '''leikhalon''' -- trade -- व्यापार '''leikhong''' -- curved wooden plate to carry mud, fire wood, etc. -- लकड़ी का तसला (मिट्टी या इन्धन ढोने के लिए) '''leikhong''' -- reddish type of clay -- लाल रंग की चिकनी मिट्टी '''leingaphu''' -- market place -- मार्किट, मण्डी '''leingaphu''' -- court yard of a headman's house -- मुखिया के घर का आँगन '''leingasam''' -- bargain -- मोल भाव '''leichui''' -- fog -- कुहासा '''leichang''' -- barren field -- बंजर खेत '''leiti''' -- dark clay soil -- काली चिकनी मिट्टी '''leithām''' -- fertility of land -- जमीन का उपजाऊ पन '''leipa''' -- clay -- चिकनी मिट्टी '''leipung''' -- mound -- टीला '''leipam''' -- dwelling place -- निवास-स्थान '''leifu kachi''' -- remaining portion -- बचा हुआ हिस्सा '''leimā''' -- fertile soil -- उर्वर या उपजाऊ मिट्टी '''leimankasang''' -- to have debt -- कर्जा होना '''leiyāt''' -- tranquility -- शान्ति '''leiyāt''' -- benevolence -- सद्भावना '''leiyor''' -- commission (money received in the course of a transaction) -- दलाली, आदत '''leirut''' -- fallen grains on the thrashing floor -- फटकते समय गिरने वाले अनाज के दाने '''leiret''' -- boundary -- सीमा, हद '''leisut''' -- fixed rate -- निर्धारित दर '''leisak''' -- business -- व्यापार '''leishā''' -- white ant -- दीमक '''leishāt''' -- willingness, interest -- इच्छा, रूचि '''leihāā''' -- moss -- काई '''leihah''' -- jurisdiction -- न्यायाधिकार '''lengkasu''' -- to challenge -- चुनौती देना '''lengkhor''' -- to tubular container made of bamboo -- बाँस का बना नलाकार पात्र या डिब्बा '''lengchengkui''' -- decorated horns of the bull exhibited on the thresh hold of Naga houses to envoke the blessings of the god -- भगवान से वरदान की याचना करने के लिए नागा-घरों की देहलियों पर प्रदर्शित किये जाने वाले बैल के सुसज्जित सींग '''lengrui''' -- tree-branch used as broom-stick -- झाडू की तरह प्रयोग की जाने वाली पेड़ की शाखा '''lenkhui''' -- a type of poisonous herb -- एक प्रकार की विषैली बूटी '''lengvā''' -- newt -- छोटी-पूंछ वाला छिपकारी जैसा जानवर '''leple''' -- wood-driller -- बरमा '''lepson''' -- a kind of precious nacklace -- एक प्रकार का बहुमूल्य नागा हार '''lem''' -- distance between two arms when stretched -- फैली हुई बाँहों के बीच की दूरी '''lemmet''' -- free gift -- मुफ्त दिया जाने वाला उपहार '''lemshāi''' -- free food -- निःशुल्क भोजन '''#NAME?''' -- also -- भी '''lairik''' -- book -- किताब '''lāilatpopkasāā''' -- to somer sault -- कलाबाजी '''laiwā''' -- witch craft -- जादू-टोना '''lak lak''' -- an expression indicating slow process slow process in carrying an action -- किसी काम के धीरे-धीरे किये जाने का सूचक '''laga''' -- and -- और '''#NAME?''' -- while -- जबकि, यद्यपि '''lang''' -- millet -- बाजरा '''langkakheiei''' -- to deceive by giving false hopes -- झूठी आशायें बंधा कर धोखा देना '''langkat''' -- community labour -- सामुदायिक श्रम '''lang kashi''' -- to fix (a date for working etc.) -- नियत करना (काम की तारिख आदि) '''langchin''' -- programme -- कार्यक्रम '''langyor''' -- wage -- वेतन, मजदूरी '''langsho''' -- the act of being absent oneself from community labour -- सामुदायिक श्रम से अनुपस्थिति '''langhot''' -- call for going to the work -- काम पर जाने के लिए दी जाने वाली आवाज '''langhor''' -- free service -- निःशुल्क-सेवा '''latkhalui''' -- to be again -- दोबारा होना, दोबारा करना '''latkhwung''' -- to return -- लौटाना, लौटाना '''lan''' -- wealth -- धन '''lankazip''' -- treasury -- खजाना, कोष '''lanchi''' -- straw -- तिनका '''lanpum''' -- thrashing floor -- खलिहान '''lasin''' -- economy -- अर्थ-व्यवस्था '''lāp lap''' -- an expression indicating the manner of twinkling (of the stars) -- टिम-टिम (सितारों के टिमटिमाने का बोथक शब्द) '''lam''' -- land distance of two yards -- दो गज की दूरी (एक माप) '''lam''' -- land -- भूमि '''lamkui''' -- a raised place in the field -- एक प्रकार का मचान '''lamkatup''' -- portion of meat distributed to the bride-groom's relative at bride's house -- दुल्हन के घर पर दूल्हे के रिश्तेदारों को दिया जाने वाला माँस का भाग '''lamkarkān''' -- garden spider -- मकड़ा '''lamchān''' -- caterpillar -- इल्ली '''lamphāng''' -- province -- इलाका, क्षेत्र '''lamphāt''' -- settlement of a village -- गाँव की बस्ती '''lamzan''' -- path leading to a house -- घर की ओर जाने वाला रास्ता '''lamshai''' -- tribute paid to the land owner -- खिराज कर (भूमि के मालिक को दिया जाने वाला) '''lamhāng''' -- desert -- रेगिस्तान '''#NAME?''' -- marker for concessional construction -- यद्यपि, हालाँकि बोधक प्रत्यय '''#NAME?''' -- marker of expressing one's group -- दल बोधक प्रत्यय '''lonnkatāh''' -- to flow down (liquid) -- बहाना (तरल पदार्थ) '''longkashang''' -- to flow above (liquid) -- फव्वारा छोड़ना '''longru''' -- community festival (celebrated in the month of December) -- समुदाय द्वारा मनाया जाने वाला त्यौहार (दिसम्बर में मनाया जाने वाला) '''lom lom ''' -- expression indicating one's fat physique moving here & there while walking -- थुल-थुल '''vāk''' -- wealth -- धन '''vākpōt''' -- act of demanding subsceiption from ladies (for a community work etc.) -- स्त्रियों से चन्दा इकट्ठा करने का कार्य '''vāktāk''' -- expenditure -- व्यय, खर्चा '''vākshot''' -- compulsory subscription -- अनिवार्य चन्दा '''vākhong''' -- wooden though used to store water -- पानी भरने के लिए काम में आने वाला लकड़ी का टब '''vāchap''' -- bat -- चमगादड़ '''vāt''' -- cotton -- रूई, कपास '''vātkho''' -- cotton ball -- रूई का गोला '''vātsui''' -- spinning wheel -- चरखा '''vāpetram''' -- time for birds to return home -- पक्षियों के घर लौंटने का समय '''vānām''' -- bird -- पक्षी '''vānām khamor''' -- beak -- चोंच '''vānu''' -- duck -- बत्तख़ '''vār''' -- top-curved portion of a mushroom -- कुकुरमुत्ते का ऊपरी हिस्सा, छतरी '''vārok''' -- vulture (which attacks cattle) -- गिद्ध '''vārlāng''' -- mushroom -- कुकुरमुत्ता '''vāwn''' -- a kind of black bird with white patches on the wing -- एक तरह का काला पक्षी जिसके पंखों पर सफेद दाग होते हैं । '''vāwuchāngkhan''' -- a kind of bird with white patches on the wing -- एक तरह का पक्षी जिसके पंखों पर सफेद दाग होते हैं। '''vāwnmaikhāi''' -- a kind of bird with white patches on the face -- एक प्रकार का पक्षी जिसके मुँह पर सफेद दाग होते हैं। '''vāwulāngtik''' -- a kind of bird which flies fast -- एक प्रकार का तेज उड़ने वाला पक्षी '''vāwnsilui''' -- a kind of bird which flies with humming noise -- टिटहरी '''vāwkasang''' -- to announce by shouting -- चिल्ला कर घोषणा करना '''vawkasang''' -- to declare -- बताना '''vāwkasang''' -- to promise -- वचन देना '''vāhui''' -- a type of head dress made of feathers -- पंखों से बनी टोपी '''vui''' -- a platform raised on a tree-top -- पेड़ पर बनाया गया मचान '''vuipāng''' -- left hand -- बाँया हाथ '''vung''' -- a native word to refer tangkhul person -- टांखुलों के लिए प्रयोग किया जाने वाला स्थानीय शब्द '''vungthot''' -- generation of the Tangkhuls -- टांखुलों की पीढी '''vunru''' -- a kind of brassring -- एक प्रकार की पीतल की अंगूठी '''vuru''' -- spring (water) -- चश्मा, सोता '''vurtam''' -- custom -- रिवाज़, प्रथा '''vurthem''' -- philosophy -- दर्शन '''veisāi''' -- fore head -- माथा, ललाट '''veishunsā''' -- animal flesh offered during the erection during the erection of a gate -- द्वार का निर्माण करते समय चढ़ाया जाने वाला पशु का माँस '''veihuithing''' -- tree planted for fencing -- बाड़ के लिए लगाया जाने वाला पेड़ '''vaikatei''' -- to plaster with cowdung -- गोबर से लीपना '''vaikhur''' -- village gate -- गाँव का प्रवेश-द्वार '''vaichum''' -- wine pot made of wood -- लकड़ों का बना शराब रखने का बर्तन '''vaichumri''' -- a kind of leaf used as soap -- साबुन की तरह प्रयोग किया जाने वाला एक तरह का पत्ता '''vaiwu''' -- first wife -- पहली पत्नी '''vaishāt''' -- hospitality -- आतिथ्य, मेहमानदारी '''vatrong''' -- coco-nut plant -- नारियल का पेड़ '''vamkakhui''' -- to take one (person) in arms -- हाथों में उठाना (व्यक्ति को) '''variwra''' -- god -- भगवान, देवता '''varihap''' -- calmness -- शान्ति '''vareshim''' -- church -- गिरजाघर '''vawān''' -- eagle -- चील '''vokāp''' -- a kind of weed -- एक प्रकार की खरपतवार '''vonrāi''' -- raised platform by the road-side in memory of dead person -- मृत व्यक्ति की याद में सड़क के किनारे बनाया गया चबूतरा '''vonshām''' -- termination -- अंत '''vonshimru''' -- nectar (found in flower) -- पराग '''vonshiwār''' -- flora -- पेड़-पौधे, वनस्पति '''vori''' -- a kind of weed found in water -- पानी में पाया जाने वाला एक प्रकार का जंगली पौधा '''vorthem''' -- education -- शिक्षा '''vortham''' -- literature -- साहित्य '''#NAME?''' -- for' -- के लिए '''sā''' -- meat, flesh -- माँस '''sāikharor''' -- to throw mud with a spade -- फावड़े से मिट्टी उठाकर फेंकना '''sāingamāt''' -- immoderation -- असंयम '''sāilām''' -- enevolence -- परोपकारिता, सद्भावना '''sāilungphup''' -- mid-night -- आधी रात '''sākom''' -- einnamon -- दालचीनी '''sākhayorra''' -- butcher -- कसाई '''sākharei''' -- mangoose -- नेवला '''sākharam''' -- to kill the animal and share it -- जानवर को मारकर उसके माँस को आपस में बाँटना '''sāchān''' -- a type of bread locally made out of rice and some seeds -- चावल तथा बीज आदि से बनी एक प्रकार की रोटी '''sāchikom''' -- coriander plant -- हरा धनिया (पौधा) '''sāchum''' -- meat-basket -- माँस रखने की टोकरी '''sāchei''' -- whip -- चाबुक, कोड़ा '''sāchon''' -- hoof-print -- खुरो के निशान '''sāchom''' -- covered pit used as trap to catch animals -- जानवरों को फँसाने के लिए ढका हुआ गड्ढा (खेड्डा) '''sātin''' -- umbrella -- छतरी '''sātkapat''' -- fluffed rice -- पकने के बाद नरम हुआ चावल '''sat-ham''' -- rice pot -- चावल का बर्तन '''sāpan''' -- saddle -- जीन, काठी '''sāpon''' -- soap -- साबुन '''sāfu''' -- hound-hunting dog -- शिकारी कुत्ता '''sām''' -- hushed rice -- कूटा हुआ चावल '''sāmkei''' -- kidney -- गुर्दा '''sāmalung''' -- animal's heart -- जानवर का दिल '''sāmazum''' -- seasoned meat -- पकाने के लिए मसाला आदि लगा कर तैयार किया हुआ माँस '''sāri''' -- a plant used as spice in cooking -- खाना पकाने के लिए मसाला की तरह प्रयोग किया जाने वाला एक पौधा '''sārik''' -- a small insect found on animal's body -- किल्ली (जानवर के शरीर में पाया जाने वाला एक छोटा कीड़ा) '''sārum''' -- drinking place of animals -- जानवरों के पानी पीने की जगह '''sāren''' -- hunter -- शिकारी '''sārvā''' -- a type of small bird -- एक तरह का छोटा पक्षी '''sārhom''' -- divorcing an old woman -- तलाक (प्रौढ़ स्त्री को दिया गया) '''sāw''' -- top -- लट्टू '''sāwthakkashai''' -- top's game -- लट्टू का खेल '''sāwthingpharkashai''' -- a game played by boys by hitting a leg to a boundary -- गिल्ली-डण्डे से मिलता जुलता एक तरह का खेल '''sāwtheilā''' -- a game played by ladies by keeping a seed on foot and hopping -- एक खेल जिसमें स्त्रियाँ अपने पैर पर एक बीज रख कर और कूदती हैं। '''sāshāt''' -- cruelity -- क्रूरता '''sāhārthei''' -- cherry tree -- चेरी का पेड़ '''sahaa''' -- wool -- ऊन '''sāhui''' -- leather, hide -- चमड़ा, खाल '''sāham''' -- turtle -- कछुआ '''-sāā''' -- definite marker -- निश्चयवाचक '''sāākakāā''' -- to build -- बनाना, बनना '''sāākakathan''' -- to disfigure -- आकार बिगाड़ना, आकार बिगड़ना '''sāākasam''' -- to destroy completely -- तबाह करना, तबाह होना '''sāākakazam''' -- to damage -- हानि नुकसान पहुँचाना, हानि या नुकसान होना '''sāākakhai''' -- to destroy, to smash -- नष्ट करना, नष्ट होना '''sāākakhaning''' -- to pretend (knowledge) -- अनभिज्ञ बनना '''sāākachithei''' -- to guide (by demonstration) -- निर्देश देना (करके दिखाकर) '''sāākachang''' -- permanance -- स्थायित्व '''sāākaphin''' -- to mend -- सुधारना, सुधरना '''sāākaphut''' -- to make a hole -- छेद करना, छेद होना '''sāākaphok''' -- to start (work, act) -- शुरू करना, शुरू होना '''sāākazazak''' -- to do nicely -- अच्छी तरह से करना, अच्छी तरह से होना '''sāākazu''' -- to touch -- छूना '''sāāhazu''' -- to injure -- चोट पहुँचाना, घायल करना '''sāākashi''' -- to be ugly -- भद्दा या कुरूप होना '''sāākashi''' -- to do hard labour -- कठिन परिश्रम करना '''sāākhangāi''' -- to be wise -- समझदार होना '''sāākhanganāw''' -- to have fun -- मज़ा लेना '''sāākhamathā''' -- to clean -- साफ करना, साफ होना '''sāākharak''' -- to pretend (one self as good or bad) -- अभिनय करना (अच्छा या बुरा होने का) '''sāākhalui''' -- to do again -- दुबारा करना, दोहराना, दुबारा होना '''sāākhalang''' -- to over in dulge -- अति करना, अति होना '''sāāsangmi''' -- broker -- दलाल '''sāāri''' -- dress -- पोशाक, पहनावा '''sāāluithing''' -- a pole used to hang meat for drying -- बाँस का टुकड़ा जिस पर सुखाने के लिए माँस लटकाया जाता हैं । '''sāāshimit kahai''' -- to make one die -- मरवाना '''#NAME?''' -- marker for counter factual conditioning -- तथ्यहीन अनुबन्धित परिस्थिति का सूचक '''sikāw''' -- a type of knife to cut weeds -- खरपतवार काटने के लिए एक प्रकार का चाकू '''siki''' -- quarter rupee -- चार आने, चवन्नी '''sikuināw''' -- colt -- बछेड़ा, घोड़े का बच्चा '''sikuui''' -- pounding-stick -- मुसल '''sikuhi''' -- horse -- घोड़ा '''sikachāng''' -- winter -- सर्दी, जाड़ा '''sikharor''' -- to splash water -- छींटे उड़ाना, छोंटे उड़ना '''sikhawāi''' -- filter -- छन्ना, फिल्टर '''singom''' -- bear -- रीछ, भालू '''singkum''' -- year, age -- साल, वर्ष, आयु '''singkakatot''' -- act of fiddling over another's body with hand (for pleasure) -- दूसरे के शरीर पर हाथ फेरने की क्रिया (आनन्द के लिए) '''singkakhui''' -- to hold (and take) -- पकड़ कर उठाना, पकड़ना '''singkathei''' -- to be skillful -- कुशल होना, निपुण होना '''singkapharew''' -- to torture -- यातना देना, सताना '''situi''' -- sand -- रेत '''sin''' -- property -- ज़ायदाद, सम्पत्ति '''sinā''' -- gold -- सोना '''sinmet''' -- presentation -- उपहार, भेंट '''sipei''' -- wind-belt current -- वायु-प्रवाह '''sipu''' -- flute -- बाँसुरी '''siphanzingrot''' -- storm -- तूफ़ान '''sifu''' -- a thin strap of bamboo used as head dress -- सिर पर पहनने के लिए प्रयोग की जाने वाली बाँस की खपच्ची '''sirā''' -- star -- तारा '''sirāpāāi''' -- firefly -- जुगनू '''sireipum''' -- cold weather -- ठण्डा मौसम '''silāng''' -- hornet -- हाड़ा (एक तरह का कीड़ा) '''silui''' -- buffalo -- भैंस '''siluisā''' -- buffalo meat -- भैंस का माँस '''silunru''' -- milky-way -- आकाश गंगा '''siwā''' -- boar -- सूअर '''siwāsā''' -- boar-meat -- सूअर का माँस '''sisi riri''' -- expression indicating the hurried nature of doing an action -- (किसी काम के) फटाफट होने का सूचक शब्द '''sihup''' -- a piece of long cloth worn around covering the breasts -- चोली '''sihur''' -- fan -- पंखा '''siira''' -- pebbles -- कंकड़ '''sui''' -- fault -- दोष '''suikāw''' -- tuberculosis -- क्षयरोग, तपेदिक, टी.बी. '''suikakhui''' -- to get something by persuasion -- समझा बुझाकर वस्तु प्राप्त करना '''suikakhanep''' -- to console -- सांत्वना देना '''suikachipam''' -- to delay tackfully -- चालाकी से देर करना '''suichung''' -- ascetic -- तपस्वी, संन्यासी '''suikatāh''' -- to reduce -- घटाना, घटना '''suikasing''' -- to speak ill of one, in his absence -- पीठ पीछे बुराई करना '''suirihan''' -- mint -- पुदीना '''suiwungsuiwā''' -- pros and cons -- सभी पहलू '''sukakpopor''' -- sobbing -- सिसकी '''sungthei''' -- breast of immatured girls -- अठुंली, किशोरी का स्तन '''sunukhawung''' -- to come in reverse -- उल्टे चलना '''sum''' -- wooden bed -- तख्त, चौकी '''sumkasang''' -- to surrender (on terms) -- आत्म-समर्पण करना, हथियार डालना (शर्त के साथ) '''sur''' -- rainy season -- वर्षा ऋतु '''surkakhaning''' -- cyclone -- चक्रवात '''seikari''' -- bullock-cart -- बैल-गाड़ी '''seikahut''' -- to disturb -- बाधा डालना '''seikhāi''' -- weapon -- हथियार '''seikhu''' -- cockroach -- तिलचट्टा '''seikhayum''' -- the act of secretly killing another's cow and eating it -- दूसरे की गाय को चोरी चोरी मार कर उसका माँस खाने की क्रिया '''seikhor''' -- muddy water pond where buffaloes keep lying -- (मथान) कीचड़ से भरी पोखरी जिसमें भैंसे लेटी रहती हैं। '''seingarew''' -- ill-treatment -- दुर्व्यवहार '''seichui''' -- horned deer -- बारहसिंगा '''seichang''' -- mithun -- अरना, भैंसा '''seithing''' -- small bamboo sticks used in the loom -- करघे में प्रयोग की जाने वाली बाँस की छोटी-छोटी गिट्टकें । '''seithat''' -- centipede -- कानखजूरा '''seinām''' -- calf -- बछड़ा '''seinu''' -- milk -- दूध '''seinukui''' -- cow's nipple -- थन '''seinuphung''' -- ndder -- थन '''seipeng''' -- rope to tie a cow -- गाय बाँधने की रस्सी '''seipong''' -- path in which cattle walk -- गाय-भैंस का रास्ता '''seilānan''' -- heifer -- कलोर, ओसर '''seisā''' -- beef -- गाय का माँस, गोमाँस '''seihākasāā''' -- to pray -- प्रार्थना करना '''seihomun''' -- after noon -- अपराह्न, तीसरा पहर '''seihompung''' -- pasture -- चरागाह '''sekshu''' -- hip -- कूल्हा '''semkakāā''' -- to pile up -- ढेर लगाना '''semkakhui''' -- to repair -- मरम्मत करना '''semkachap''' -- to condence -- घनीभूत करना, गाढ़ा करना, घनीभूत होना, गाढ़ा होना '''saikapho''' -- to over lap -- परस्पर व्यापत करना, अंशिक रूप से ढक लेना '''saithat''' -- scorpion -- बिच्छू '''sailungphup''' -- mid night -- आधीरात '''saisaikhayir''' -- to speak continuously -- लगातार बोलना '''saishuthing''' -- a small square size instrument made of bamboo sticks for spreading the thread before weaving -- खड्डी '''saihākasāā''' -- to request politely -- विनती करना, विनय करना '''sak''' -- weaving -- बुनाई '''sakkasāā''' -- to weave -- बुनना '''sangkhalui''' -- to mention -- ज़िक्र करना, चर्चा करना '''sangkhong''' -- a flat basket with lid used to keep clothes -- कपड़े रखने की एक तरह की ढक्कन वाली चपटी टोकरी '''sam''' -- hair -- बाल '''samkaphang''' -- to find out, to meet -- मिलना '''samkasi''' -- to shave -- हजामत करना '''sambasek''' -- to camb -- बाल काढ़ना, कंघी करना '''samchichap''' -- scissors -- कैंची '''samnei''' -- turban -- पगड़ी '''sampheirok''' -- nightingale -- बुलबुल '''samsut''' -- hair knot -- जूड़ा '''#NAME?''' -- marker for expressing totality of the constituent to which it is added -- सम्पूर्णता बोधक अव्यय '''sokhamalo''' -- to behave as young -- बच्चों की तरह व्यवहार करना '''sotkhamasāw''' -- to flatter -- चापलूसी करना '''sothang''' -- fifth day of the week (Friday) -- सप्ताह का पाँचवा दिन (शुक्रवार) '''sonkakāā''' -- to lift a load on one's head or back -- सिर या पीठ पर बोझ उठाना '''sonkatāh''' -- to lower a load from one's head or back -- बोझ उतरवाने के लिए हाथ लगाना '''sopkāi''' -- bamboo basket in coninal shape and weaved with holes -- जालीदार शांकवीय आकार की बाँस की टोकरी '''sopkhamarop''' -- to drink by hands -- चुल्लू से या ओक से पीना '''soplāng''' -- a big bamboo basket -- बाँस की एक बड़ी टोकरी '''somii''' -- blessing -- आशीर्वाद, शुभकामनाएँ '''somsai''' -- a spacious levelled ground where fair takes place -- बड़ा समतल मैदान जहाँ मेला लगता है। '''sorkakhui''' -- to exaggerate -- बढ़ा-चढ़ा कर कहना, अतिशयोक्ति करना '''sorkhalem''' -- to be extremely obedient -- बहुत अधिक आज्ञाकारी होना '''sookakhaning''' -- to flatter -- चापलूसी करना '''sookhami''' -- blessing -- आशीर्वाद '''zāt''' -- rice -- चावल '''zātkasak''' -- famine -- अकाल '''zātkharei''' -- to fast -- उपवास करना '''zatkhalum''' -- fresh cooked rice or paddy straight from the field -- ताजा भात, तुरन्त का काट हुआ धान '''zātyar''' -- act of sharing a meal -- मिल-बाँट कर दवाने की क्रिया '''zātshim''' -- barn -- बखार '''zārkozi''' -- to be busy -- व्यस्त होना '''zārmei''' -- torch -- मशाल '''zāling''' -- ant -- चोंटी '''zālingkhur''' -- ant-hill -- बाँबी '''zāsham''' -- stale meal -- बासी खाना '''zikneisei''' -- light balck -- हल्का काला, सलेटी '''zikrik''' -- deep black -- गहरा काला '''zingkān''' -- drought -- सूखा '''zingkānlā''' -- lizard -- छिपकली '''zingkum''' -- year -- वर्ष, साल '''zingchar''' -- ray (of sun) -- किरण '''ziogtung''' -- north -- उत्तर '''zingtun''' -- west -- पश्चिम '''zingtak''' -- ocelot -- तेंदुए की तरह का जानवर '''zingthenrem''' -- early morning -- तड़के-सवेरे '''zingthanlam''' -- dawn -- उषा काल '''zuigmeirāi''' -- hysteria -- मिरगी '''zingyet''' -- weather -- मौसम '''zingyer''' -- a type of drum used during war periods -- नगाड़ा, ढोल (युद्ध के समय प्रयोग किया जाने वाला) '''zingyat''' -- sun beam -- सूर्यकिरण '''zingrot''' -- rain -- बारिश '''zingsho''' -- east -- पूर्व, पूरब '''zinghām''' -- sun-shine -- सूरज की चमक '''zitkakazu''' -- to feel envy -- ईर्ष्या होना '''zitkakazut''' -- envy -- ईर्ष्या '''zimik''' -- sun -- सूरज '''zimikwon''' -- sun-flower -- सूरजमुखी का फूल '''zuimarui''' -- helplessness -- असहायता '''zungphun''' -- compulsion -- विवशता, दबाव '''zur''' -- rainy season -- वर्षा-ऋतु '''zurkān''' -- season -- मौसम, ऋतु '''zurtung''' -- wooden hand cuff -- लकड़ी की हथकड़ी '''zursan''' -- ankle (leg) -- टखना '''zurzat''' -- food kept for use during rainy season -- वर्षा ऋतु के लिए बचाकर रखी हुई खाद्य सामग्री '''zeikakhaving''' -- to insult -- बेइज्ज़ती करना '''zeiko''' -- spear-stem -- भाले की मूँठ और नोक के बीच का हिस्सा '''zeikharik''' -- act of moving up and down one's spear -- भाले को ऊपर-नीचे घुमाने की क्रिया '''zeithing''' -- a long, pointed iron rod used by woman for defence when they go out -- बाहर जाने पर आत्म-रक्षा के लिए स्त्रियों द्वारा प्रयोग की जाने वाली लोहे की नुकीली छड़ '''zeipu''' -- stick of the spear -- भाले का लकड़ी वाला हिस्सा '''zeitak''' -- manner of throwing the spear -- भाला फेंकने का ढंग '''zeiphar''' -- manner of handling a spear -- भाला पकड़ने का ढंग '''zeimarei''' -- the pointed end of a spear -- भाले की नोक '''zeiwār''' -- spear-head -- भाले का नुकीला-हिस्सा '''zeisin''' -- manner of handling the spear -- भाले को पकड़ने का ढंग '''zerkaza''' -- to blame (one for everything) -- (किसी को हर चीज के लिए) दोष देना '''zakmai''' -- appearance (of a person) -- सूरत-शक्ल, चेहरा मोहरा '''zakmachin''' -- malice -- द्वेष भावना '''zakyui''' -- features (of a person or an object) -- आकार-प्रकार (व्यक्ति या वस्तु का) '''zakshat''' -- ugliness -- भद्दापन '''zangkashung''' -- to reach at -- पहुँचना '''zangkhangayi''' -- to do a worthful act -- सार्थक कार्य करना '''zankhangasung''' -- to sharpen -- तेज़ करना, धार-धरना '''zap zap''' -- expression indicating the dripping sound of water -- (पानी के) टप-टप गिरने का बोधक शब्द '''zam''' -- a less alcholic drink made of rice -- चावल से बनी कम नशे वाली शराब '''zamkahang''' -- to brew -- शराब खींचना '''zamkhamarip''' -- intoxication -- नशा, उन्माद '''zampā''' -- rice-particles found in zam -- शराब में पाये जाने वाले चावल के कण '''zamri''' -- yeast -- फुई '''zamsām''' -- a type of rice used for making zam -- शराब बनाने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाने वाला चावल '''zamzā''' -- saliva -- लार '''zamashin''' -- rememant of zam -- शराब का अवशिष्ट या बचा हुआ हिस्सा '''zamshei''' -- first extract of zam -- शराब का पहली बार निकाला गया सत्व '''zamshokru''' -- heavily dilected zam -- ज्यादा पानी मिली शराब '''zarkakhai''' -- to cut with axe -- कुल्हाड़ी से काटना '''zarpāchinān''' -- brothers and sisters of a family -- सगे भाई-बहन '''zam''' -- magic rope -- जादुई रस्सी '''zawsan''' -- wrist -- कलाई '''zawvu''' -- big bracelet -- भारी कंगन '''zopmazāp''' -- untidiness -- अव्यवस्था '''zorkhum''' -- wooden ridging -- लकड़ी की मेंड़ '''shāi''' -- levy -- उगाही, चन्दा, कर '''shāikashung''' -- to recline -- पसरना '''shāirranru''' -- sweat -- पसीना '''shāiron''' -- chimney -- चिमनी '''shākapai''' -- to be audible -- सुनने योग्य होना '''shākhi''' -- evidence -- प्रमाण, सबूत '''shākha''' -- hundred -- सौ '''shākhamaron''' -- to copy to make a report of -- नकल बनाना, रिपोर्ट तैयार करना '''shākhawui''' -- percentage -- प्रतिशत '''shāngru''' -- semen -- शुक्राणु '''shātkakāā''' -- to put the blame on other -- किसी दूसरे को दोषी ठहराना '''shānakhawā''' -- an address term for the king by the citizens -- नागरिकों द्वारा राजा को सम्बोधित करने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाने वाला शब्द '''shāniru''' -- guidle -- कमरबन्द, पेटी '''shānkakhum''' -- to over look -- देखी-अनदेखी करना '''shānkhayang''' -- to make one count -- गिनवाना '''shānrāt''' -- menses -- ऋतुस्राव, महीनाबारी '''shāwkathat''' -- to kill one by beating -- मार-मार कर जान लेना '''shār''' -- act of foregoing one's regular work to perform a ceremony or a ceremony or a sacrifice to god -- कोई समारोह मनाने या भगवान को बलि चढ़ाने के कारण अपने प्रतिदिन के कार्य को रोकने की क्रिया '''shārkāi''' -- breach of customary law -- गाँव के नियमों का उल्लंघन '''shālui''' -- shift cultivation -- शिफ्ट खेती '''shikhā''' -- mole -- मस्सा '''shikhang''' -- a small basket used for fishing -- मछली पकड़ने के लिए एक छोटी टोकरी '''shitkasang''' -- to believe -- विश्वास करना, विश्वास होना '''shitkahai''' -- to be overcooked -- ज्यादा पका देना, ज्यादा पक जाना '''shināi''' -- pus -- मवाद, पीप '''shini''' -- seven -- सात '''shipeng''' -- artery -- धमनी '''shipkahai''' -- to bind -- बाँधना '''shimānkashok''' -- to pull out -- खींचना, खिंचना '''shimānkhangasak''' -- to ravage -- तहस-नहस कर देना '''shimbafu''' -- to make roof -- छत डालना '''shimkashun''' -- to seize one's house (as punishment) -- घर जब्त करना या कुर्क करना '''shimkham''' -- threshold -- देहली '''shimkhuur''' -- family -- परिवार '''shimkhuhr''' -- rice pounding mortar -- ओखली '''shimtung''' -- roof -- छत '''shimpam''' -- foundation (of a house) -- नींव '''shimphung''' -- colony, plot for constructing a house -- बस्ती, मकान बनाने के लिए भूखण्ड '''shimphut''' -- broom -- झाडू '''shimrānām''' -- son of the second wife -- दूसरी पत्नी का पुत्र '''shimrei''' -- big house -- हवेली, बड़ा घर '''shimreināw''' -- son of the first wife -- पहली पत्नी का पुत्र '''shimlāp''' -- the sides of a house -- चौहद्दी (मकान की) '''shimluikat''' -- heridity -- आनुवांशिकता '''shimsut''' -- arson -- जलाना (घर) '''shimsaklāā''' -- song sung during house-construction -- मकान बनाते समय गाया जाने वाला गीत '''shimson''' -- settlement of a village -- गाँव का बसाना '''shimzan''' -- penality for stealing household articles -- घरेलू चीजें चुराने पर लगाया जाने वाला जुर्माना '''shiyanchikān''' -- penal code -- दण्डसंहिता '''shiyota''' -- a harvest song -- फसल के समय गाया जाने वाला गाना '''shirangthei''' -- wild nut -- जंगली फल '''shirimthei''' -- corn of a Oak -- वंजु फल '''shiriwara''' -- all kind of birds, animals and insects -- सब प्रकार के जीव-जन्तु '''shirihangkhā''' -- rook -- एक तरह का कौआ '''shilimthing''' -- Oak -- वंजु, बांज, ओक '''shileng''' -- a type of tree -- एक तरह का पेड़ '''shileng''' -- steel -- स्टील, इस्पात '''shilep''' -- a place not exposed to sun shine at all -- ऐसा स्थान जहाँ सूरज का प्रकाश बिल्कुल नहीं पहुँचता '''shilangkhor''' -- bark of the tree (shilang) used for fishing -- मछली पकड़ने के लिए प्रयोग की जाने वाली पेड़ की छाल '''shilam''' -- otter -- ऊदबिलाव '''shiwok''' -- rat -- चूहा '''shuingarui''' -- prodigality -- अपव्ययता '''shukei''' -- cattle -- ढोर-डाँगर, पशु '''shukkatāh''' -- to tilt upside down -- झुकाना, झुकना '''shukhā''' -- mole -- मस्सा '''shung''' -- bamboo basket with conical shape weaved with no holes -- बिना छेदवाली नुकीली आकार की बाँस से बनी टोकरी '''shungkhaner''' -- to close the gate keeping some persons inside -- कुछ व्यक्तियों को अन्दर रखकर दरवाजा बन्द करना '''shunnu''' -- lime -- चूना '''shunnungalung''' -- limestone -- चूना-पत्थर '''shupkakhui''' -- to pick -- चुनना '''shunāw''' -- female -- स्त्री औरत '''shunkasang''' -- to dig a pitch -- गड्ढा खोदना, गड्ढा खुदना '''shumri''' -- contraceptive pill -- गर्भनिरोधक गोलियाँ '''shur''' -- group -- दल, समूह '''shaikakasip''' -- to shrink -- सिकुड़ना '''sheikakhayang''' -- to disperse things -- बिखेरना '''sheikakhawut''' -- to annoy -- नाराज करना '''sheikakhahut''' -- to be damp -- सीला होना '''sheikaphut''' -- to disturb -- बाधा डालना, अशान्त होना '''sheithuikahai''' -- to push away -- धकेलना '''shervo''' -- priest -- पुजारी '''shaikachung''' -- to relax -- विश्राम करना '''shaikashu''' -- to cripple -- अपंग कर देना '''shairon''' -- ladder -- सीढ़ी '''shaileng''' -- creeper with yellow flower -- पीले फूलों वाली बेल '''shakkashi''' -- to be shabby -- घृणित होना, निन्द्य होना '''shang''' -- clan -- गोत्र '''shangam''' -- honour -- सम्मान '''shangkha''' -- outer skin of the testicles -- अम्डकोश की बाहरी त्वचा '''shangkhāthei''' -- testicles -- अण्ड-कोश '''shangkhu''' -- tiger -- बाघ '''shangkui''' -- penis -- शिश्न, लिंग '''shangkhuna kachangli kashai''' -- moon-eclipse -- चन्द्र ग्रहण '''shangkhuna kashi''' -- sun eclipse -- सूर्य-ग्रहण '''shangnaw''' -- clanship -- गोत्र-व्यवस्था '''shangreikok''' -- banian tree -- बरगद का पेड़ '''shanzan''' -- adoption -- गोद लेना '''shanchat''' -- belt (worn in the waist) -- पेटी (कमर में पहनी जाने वाली) '''shanneiru''' -- a piece of long cloth worn in the waist -- कमर में पहना जाने वाला कपड़े का एक टुकड़ा '''shamnāw''' -- illegal child -- अवैध-बच्चा '''sharkakharu''' -- to ignore sacrificial observations -- यज्ञीय-अनुष्ठानों की अवहेलना करना या होना '''sharkasā''' -- to perform ritual ceremony -- धार्मिक अनुष्ठान का अयोजन करना '''sharkhong''' -- a bamboo plat used in sacrificial ceremony -- यज्ञ के समय प्रयोग की जाने वाली बाँस की तश्तरी '''sharsā''' -- meat kept for offering to god -- भगवान को चढ़ाया जाने वाला माँस '''sharham''' -- offering pot -- अर्पण के समय प्रयोग किया जाने वाला बर्तन '''sho''' -- key -- चाबी, ताली '''shoi''' -- sign -- संकेत, इशारा '''shoikasā''' -- to make sign -- संकेत देना '''shokakashui''' -- to make or get involved in an accident -- दुर्घटना करना, दुर्घटना का शिकार होना '''shokka''' -- entrance -- प्रवेश मार्ग '''shokthang''' -- the second day of the week -- सप्ताह का दूसरा दिन (मंगलवार) '''shokhangalang''' -- to happen by accident -- संयोग से होना '''shokhatā''' -- breach of marriage alliance -- वैवाहिक संबंध-विच्छेद '''shong''' -- side -- तरफ '''shongkharāā''' -- to be shapeless -- बेडौल होना, अनगढ़ा होना '''shongchon''' -- small, temporary foot-path -- पगडण्डी '''shongpāk''' -- road-junction -- चौराहा '''shongpongzā''' -- procedure -- कार्य-प्रणाली '''shongphi''' -- parasite-tree -- पराश्रयी-पेड़ '''shongphun''' -- penality -- दण्ड '''shongfu''' -- road -- सड़क '''shonglān''' -- penality-fee -- जुर्माना '''shonglong''' -- capriciousness -- मनमौजीपन '''shongzā''' -- gait of walking, race (of one's community) -- चाल, जाति '''shonghon''' -- bony ring for the protection of penis -- लिंगाग्र पर मुँदरी जैसा घेरा '''shon''' -- a long bitter gourd container used to take water -- पानी लेने के लिए करेले का बना हुआ बर्तन '''shongkathar''' -- twig -- टहनी '''shonthai''' -- cotainer made out of bottle gourd -- लौकी का बना पात्र '''shoufu''' -- road -- सड़क '''shonshon''' -- progress -- प्रगति '''shophung''' -- lock -- ताला '''shomri''' -- a kind of onion -- एक तरह का प्याज । '''sholatnān''' -- illegitimate son -- अवैध बेटा । '''showhā''' -- loud laughter -- अट्टहास '''hāi''' -- vulva -- भग, योनि '''hāikhur''' -- passage through which child is born -- जननेंद्रिय '''hāikhayor''' -- prostitute -- वेश्या '''hāitong''' -- navel -- नाभि '''hāākathi''' -- to sneeze -- छींकना '''hāāchang''' -- syrphus fly -- एक प्रकार की मक्खी '''hāār''' -- manure -- खाद '''hāārengthei''' -- black berry -- काला बेर '''hāhku''' -- germs in the teeth -- दाँत के कीड़े '''hāhchāi''' -- molar teeth -- दाढ़ '''hāhli''' -- tooth gum -- मसूड़ा '''hāchāng''' -- mosquito -- मच्छर '''hāpu''' -- horse-fly -- घोड़ों को कष्ट पहुँचाने वाली मक्खी '''hāme''' -- a type of small fish found in pond -- छोटी मछली (तालाब की) '''hār''' -- armlet -- बाजूबन्द '''hār''' -- shoulder -- कन्धा '''hāli''' -- wood-split -- खपच्ची '''hāw''' -- hill-people -- पहाड़ी लोग '''hāshān''' -- chisel (used to cut wood) -- छेनी, (लकड़ी काटने के लिए) '''hāshai''' -- a type of plant used to rub the body while bathing -- नहाते समय शरीर को रगडने के लिए उपयोग में लाया जाने वाला एक प्रकार का पौधा '''hā hā''' -- sound produced while calling a dog -- कुत्ते को बुलाते समय निकाली जाने वाली आवाज '''hi''' -- this -- यह '''hiksor''' -- pompous speech or action -- शानदार भाषण या कार्य '''hibing''' -- these -- ये '''hviā''' -- diamond -- हीरा '''hui''' -- ginger -- अदरक '''huikhame''' -- redeemer -- उद्धारक, मुक्तिदाता '''huining''' -- one cubit (measurement) -- लम्बाई का एक प्राचीन माप (12 से 22 इंच तक) '''huiruiwu''' -- rotation -- क्रमावर्तन '''hungkham''' -- necklace (for woman) -- माला, कण्ठी (औरतों के लिए) '''hungrisi''' -- brown -- भूरा '''hutchi''' -- parrot -- तोता '''hunkakhui''' -- to bend (materials) -- मोड़ना (धातु) '''hupkakhui''' -- to boil meat or vegetable without adding salt or chilly -- बिना नमक या मिर्च मिलाए माँस या सब्जी उबालना '''hupkhalang''' -- to perspire (out of sun-heat) -- पसीना आना (धूप से) '''humāi''' -- fan -- पंखा '''humu''' -- club (of a tree) -- गदा (पेड से बनी) '''humkazāng''' -- to bend (one's head only) -- झुकाना '''hurpāā''' -- pal-bearer -- अर्थी को कन्धा देने वाले '''heipong''' -- jack fruit -- कटहल '''heiwun''' -- yield -- उत्पादन, उपज '''herkahai''' -- to abandon -- छोड़ देना '''haikathu''' -- to pour out -- उड़ेलना, फसल '''haināw''' -- mango -- आम '''#NAME?''' -- perfect tense marker -- पूर्ण कालिक बोधक परसर्ग '''hak''' -- health -- स्वास्थ्य, तन्दुरुस्ती '''hakkasang''' -- to develop -- विकसित होना, विकसित करना '''hakkhangasak''' -- to enlarge -- बढ़ना, बढ़ाना '''hakkhawung''' -- to recover one's health -- अच्छा या स्वस्थ होना '''haksui''' -- languishment -- क्षीणता, भावुकता '''hangu''' -- village council -- पंचायत '''hangushim''' -- village court -- ग्राम पंचायत '''hangkachithei''' -- to guide verbally -- मौखिक रूप से हिदायत देना '''hangkachiphun''' -- to convey -- व्यक्त करना, व्यक्त होना, जताना '''hangkaphat''' -- to confess -- पाप, गलती स्वीकार करना '''hangkaphanep''' -- to persuade -- राजी करना '''hangkaphanap''' -- to console -- सांत्वना देना, दिलासा देना '''hangkhā''' -- crow -- कौवा '''hangkhākharik''' -- raven -- कौवा, काग '''hangku''' -- husk -- भूसी, छिलका '''hangkunak''' -- fine chaff -- बारीक भूसी '''hangkhumei''' -- charcoal made from husk -- भूसे से बना कोयला '''hangkhami''' -- to recompensate -- क्षति पूर्ति करना या होना '''hangkhame''' -- instructor -- प्रशिक्षक '''hangkhamachit''' -- to advise -- सलाह देना '''hangkhamarān''' -- to foretell -- भविष्यवाणी करना '''hangkhorpai''' -- arum -- अरवी (सब्जी विशेष) '''hangchikathei''' -- to make it know -- जताना '''hangchithei''' -- to relate -- जोड़ना, संबंध स्थापित करना '''hangyāt''' -- compassion -- सम्वेदना '''hangsangmi''' -- match maker -- घटक '''hangvu''' -- concillor -- ग्राम पंचायत का सदस्य '''hachāng''' -- mosquito -- मच्छर '''hachai''' -- roost -- बसेरा, दड़बा '''han''' -- vegetable curry -- सब्जी (पकाई हुई) '''haaam''' -- pitcher for preparing curry -- सालन बनने के लिए हँडिया '''hankashi''' -- to dazzle -- चौंधियाना '''hankhamii''' -- ro refund -- लौटाना '''hankhawung''' -- to come again -- दुबारा आना '''hankhong''' -- bowl -- कटोरी, कटोरा '''hanthotāp''' -- vegetable -- सब्जी, तरकारी '''hanphut''' -- alter -- बेदी '''hanluithor''' -- a type of curry made out of bamboo roots -- बाँस की जड़ों से बनाई गई एक तरह की सब्जी '''hanru''' -- vegetable soup -- तरकारी का रसा '''hanshi''' -- seasamum -- तिल '''hapu''' -- a type of fly which sucks the blood of animals -- जानवरों का खून चूसने वाली एक मक्खी '''hapkakhano''' -- to stumble -- लड़खड़ाना '''hapkakhanot''' -- disturbance -- बाधा '''haptā''' -- week -- सप्ताह '''ham''' -- jar -- मर्तबान '''hamkachipam''' -- to mortgage -- गिरवी रखना '''hamkanshim''' -- kitchen -- रसोई घर '''hamkapi''' -- bed sheet -- चादर '''hamkasā''' -- potter -- कुम्हार '''hamkhamong''' -- brim -- किनारा '''hamkhong''' -- a small earthen pot -- एक छोटा मिट्टी का बर्तन '''hamngun''' -- a pot of narrow mouth -- सँकरे मुँह का बर्तन, सुराही '''hampāi''' -- a special type of pot meant for meat cooking -- माँस पकाने का विशेष बर्तन '''hamphei''' -- pot stand -- घडौंची, घिरसिर '''hamphai''' -- earthen pan -- मिट्टी का तवा '''hamzik''' -- adder, small pomious snake -- विषैला, साँप गेहुँअन '''hamshin''' -- jar-lid -- ढक्कन '''har''' -- hen -- मुर्गी '''harkat''' -- the time for the fowls to go to sleep -- मुर्गे-मुर्गी का सोने का समय '''harkahei''' -- to mould -- ढालना, गढ़ना '''harchai''' -- roost -- दड़बा '''harpāng''' -- cradle -- पालना '''harru''' -- egg -- अण्डा '''harruma''' -- yolk -- जर्दी (अण्डे की) '''harvā''' -- cock -- मुर्गा '''harvākon''' -- time after mid night -- आधी रात के बाद का समय '''harvāngashangpoi''' -- a game played by boys in the type of hide and seek -- एक तरह की आँख-मिचौनी (खेल) '''harsā''' -- chicken -- चूजा '''harsilat''' -- poultry-cage -- मुर्गी खाना '''harsho''' -- pullet -- पठोर, चूजा '''hawāithei''' -- dal -- दाल '''hawkaphok''' -- introduction -- परिचय '''hāwkaphok''' -- to begin -- शुरू करना, शुरू होना '''hawchak''' -- a type of poisonous insect -- एक प्रकार का जहरीला कीड़ा '''hawput''' -- a kind of small bird with short tail -- छोटी पूँछ वाली एक तरह की छोटी चिड़िया '''hok''' -- pig -- सूअर '''hoklhei''' -- a corn, fruit of a Oak tree -- बाँजफल '''hōkla''' -- swine -- सूअर '''hoksā''' -- pork -- सूअर का माँस '''hoksam''' -- bristle -- कड़े बाल '''hokshuin''' -- sty -- सूअर-बाड़ा '''hoknāi''' -- fense -- बाड़ '''hokhang''' -- trough -- कूँड़ '''hotkanā''' -- to attempt -- प्रयत्न करना '''hong''' -- a trap to kill animal -- फन्दा (जानवर मारने के लिये) '''hongvo''' -- leader in singing group -- मुख्य गायक '''hotlā''' -- ash -- राख '''honkui''' -- crown -- मुकुट, ताज '''honkok''' -- leader of a dance troupe -- नर्तक दल का अगुआ '''honkom''' -- the last one in the dancing troupe -- नर्तक दल पंक्ति में अन्तिम व्यक्ति '''honsan''' -- tired of waiting -- इन्तजार करते-करते थक जाने वाला व्यक्ति '''harāi''' -- saw -- आरी '''horāpkatam''' -- to drill -- बेधना, बिंधना '''horumalā''' -- a type of game played with five small stones (as balls) -- पाँच गोलियों से खेला जाने वाला खेल '''horkakāā''' -- to toss -- उछालना '''horkakhanāp''' -- to keep things in disorderly way -- चीजों को अव्यवस्थित ढंग से रखना '''horkathat''' -- to kill one by throwing stone -- पत्थर मारकर जान लेना '''horkaphui''' -- to hurl -- फैंकना '''horthan''' -- first day of the week (Monday) -- सप्ताह का पहला दिन (सोमवार) '''horsāi''' -- cup used to measure rice etc. -- चावल आदि मापने का प्याला '''howrā''' -- red shawl with white stripes -- सफेद धारियों वाली लाल रंग की शाल == स्रोत == * [https://bharatavani.in//home/dictionarysurf/?did=260&language=Tangkhul भारतवाणी पर तंगखुल-अंग्रेजी-हिन्दी शब्दकोश] epoh9y2yj5snh3oognync1vx0wsbl1u 828 307088 488125 2026-09-05T10:17:03Z SM7 6218 SM7 ने एक अनुप्रेषण छोड़ते हुए पृष्ठ [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/लिपियाँ]] को [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/scripts]] पर स्थानांतरित किया 488125 Scribunto text/plain return require [[मॉड्यूल:category tree/scripts]] gr4rdfx6rj1g59x94pctgtjws6vm29x 4 307089 488126 2026-09-05T11:20:35Z अनुनाद सिंह 149 "; हिन्दी-अंग्रेजी-कोडव त्रिभाषा शब्दकोश ( Hindi-English-Kodava Trilingual Dictionary ) '''अ''' -- the first letter and the first vowel of the Devnagari alphabet -- ಅಕ್ಷರ ಮಾಲೆರ ಶುರು ಅಕ್ಷರ '''अंक''' -- digit, mark, figure or number, issue of journal, act of a drama -- ಅಂಕೆ '''अंकक''' -- an accountant, an..." के साथ नया पृष्ठ बनाया 488126 wikitext text/x-wiki ; हिन्दी-अंग्रेजी-कोडव त्रिभाषा शब्दकोश ( Hindi-English-Kodava Trilingual Dictionary ) '''अ''' -- the first letter and the first vowel of the Devnagari alphabet -- ಅಕ್ಷರ ಮಾಲೆರ ಶುರು ಅಕ್ಷರ '''अंक''' -- digit, mark, figure or number, issue of journal, act of a drama -- ಅಂಕೆ '''अंकक''' -- an accountant, an aritha-metician, professional reckoner -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಎಳ್‌ದುವಂವೊ '''अकखड़''' -- head strong, contumacious, rude and rough, haughty -- ಹಟಮಾರಿ, ಎಣ್ಣ್ ನಾನಕೇಕತಂವ '''अंकगणित''' -- arithmetic, art of reckoning by figures, science of numbers -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ '''अंकटक''' -- smooth, unobstructed, unchalleged -- ತಡೆಯಿಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अकड''' -- stiffness, rigidity, intractability, airs, affection, strut, conceit -- ಒರಟ ಮರಂಬುಡಿಯ '''अकडना''' -- to be stiff, rigid, intractable, to assume airs, to be effected -- ಅಂಟಿಯವ, ನಿಷ್ಠುರ, ಉರ್ತ, ತಿದ್ದುವ ಕಾಗತ '''अकथ, अकथनीय''' -- ineffable, indescribable -- ಎಣ್ಣುವ ಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अकथ्य''' -- not fit for utterance, in describable -- ಎಣ್ಣುವ ಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अंकना''' -- to mark, to number, to number pages of a book, to estimate the value of a thing, to calculate v.t -- ಗುರ್‌ತ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''अकंप''' -- unwavering, firm -- (ಬದ್ಧ) ಅಲ್ಲಾಡತದ್ ಅನ್ಂಗತದ್ '''अंकपत्र''' -- mark sheet, a label, slip of paper -- ಮಾರ್ಕ್ ಪಾಳೆ '''अकबक''' -- wishy washy, disconnected, nonsense -- ಬುಟ್ಟ್ ಪೋನದ್, ಅರ್ಥ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಸಾರ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अकर्म''' -- inactivity, inertia, unnecessary -- ಉದಾಸೀನತೆ ಅವಶ್ಯ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अकर्मक''' -- intransitive (verb) -- ಕರ್ಮಪದ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಅಕರ್ಮಕ '''अकर्मण्य''' -- idle, indolent, inert -- ಕೆಯ್ಯಂಗಳ್ಳ, ಮೈಂದ '''अक़ल''' -- common sense, intellect, wits wisdom -- ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತಿಕೆ '''अकलमंद''' -- prudent, sagacious, intelligent, wise, sensible -- ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತಿಕೆ '''अक़लमंदी''' -- prudence, sagacity, intelligence, wisdom, sensibility -- ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತಿಕೆ '''अकल्पित''' -- unimaginable, unthought of, unplanned -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವ ಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अकस्मात्''' -- from no where, unexpectedly, accidentally, all of a sudden -- ಒಮ್ಮಕೆ, ಗೇನೇ ಮಾಡತೆ '''अकाट्य''' -- irrefutable, incontrovertible, indis- putable, hence -- ಜಗಳ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಬುಡುವ ಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अकादमी''' -- an academy, an institution, an organisation -- ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ, ಸಂಘ '''अँकाना''' -- to cause to value, estimate, to set value on, to approve of v.t -- ಬೆಲೆಕೆಟ್ಟುವ '''अकाम''' -- without a wish, un haunted by desires, hence -- ಆಸೆ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ, ಮನಸಿಲ್ಲತೆ '''अकार''' -- the letter a (3t) and its sound -- ಅ' ಕಾರ '''अकारण''' -- without any reason or cause without any pretext, needlessly, causelessly, causeless, groundless, unprovoked -- ಏತು ಇಲ್ಲತೆ, ನೆವನ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''अकारथ''' -- futile, useless, ineffectual, in vain -- ಏತುಕೂ ಜೋಂಡತ ಏದ್ಂಗೂಆಗತ '''अकाल''' -- famine, scarcity, (a) premature, untimely -- ಬರ '''अकाली''' -- a sect of the Sikhs, a follower of the sect -- ಸಿಖ್ ಜಾತಿಲ್ ಓರ್ ಗುಂಪು '''अकिंचन''' -- poor, pauper, destitute -- ಗರೀಬ '''अंकित''' -- marked, spotted, stamped, counted, approved, written -- ಗುರ್‌ತ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ (ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ನದ್) '''अंकीय''' -- numerical or in respect of number -- ಲೆಕ್ಕತ್‌ರ, ಅಂಕೆರ '''अकीर्ती''' -- disgrace, infamy, not worthy -- ಬೆಲೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಕೇಳಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अंकुर''' -- sprout, bud, germinate -- ಮೊಳೆ '''अकुलाना''' -- to feel uneasy, restless, to be fidgety -- ಇರ್ತಕೇಡ್, ಕಷ್ಟ ಕಷ್ಟ ಆಪ '''अकुलीन''' -- low born, mean, not of noble birth -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಚೋರೆ, ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಸಂತಾನ '''अंकुश''' -- iron hook, goad for driving or keeping an elephant under control, restraint -- ಇರಂಬ್ ಕೊಕ್ಕೆ, ಆನೆನ ತಳತುವ ಇರ್ಂಬ್ ಕೊಕ್ಕೆ '''अकुशल''' -- unskilled, novice -- ತೇಂಜವನಲ್ಲ, ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರನಲ್ಲತಂವ '''अकूत''' -- immeasurable, unfathomable, inestimable -- ಅಳತೆಕ್ ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟತದ್ '''अकृत''' -- null, nullified, undone -- ಮಾಡತದ್ '''अकृत्रिम''' -- natural, genuine, unsophisticated, unaffected -- ನೇರಾನದ್ '''अकेला''' -- single, lonely, lonesome, solitary, by oneself, singly, alone -- ಒಂದೇ, ಒತ್ತೆ, ಒಬ್ಬನೇ '''अकेलापन''' -- a feeling of loneliness, lonesomeness,solitude, solitariness -- ಒಂಟಿತನ, ಒಂಟಿಗ '''अकेले''' -- alone, by oneself, without a companion, all by oneself, with one to support, all alone -- ಒಬ್ಬನೇ, ಒಬ್ಬಳೇ '''अक्तूबर''' -- the month of October, English calendar month, 10th month of the year, Roman eighth -- ತೊಲ್ಯಾರ್ '''अक्ष''' -- an axis, straight line round which a body revolves, line or column about which parts are arranged -- ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶ '''अक्षत''' -- unimpaired, intact (nm), whole grain of rice -- ಅಕ್ಕಿ '''अक्षम''' -- incompetent, incapable, handi-capped -- ಕೈಲಾಗತಂವ, ಒಂದೂ ಮಾಡುವ ಕಯ್ಯತಂವ '''अक्षम''' -- imperishable, undecaying, perpetual -- ಪಾತಾಳತಂತದ್ '''अक्षम्य''' -- unpardonable, inexcusable, unforgivable -- ಮಾಪ್‌ಮಾಡತದ್, ಮಾಪ್ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अक्षर''' -- any letter of the alphabet, character, syllable (a), imperishable, undecaying, intact -- ಅಕ್ಷರ, ನಾಶ ಆಗತದ್ '''अक्षरशः''' -- literally, in toto, verbatim -- ನೇರಾನದ್ '''अक्षांश''' -- latitude -- ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶ '''अक्षि''' -- an eye, organ of sight, look, glance -- ಕಣ್ಣ್, ನೋಟುವ '''अक्षुण्ण''' -- unimpaired, unbroken, intact entire, complete -- ಪಾಳಾಗತದ್ '''अक्षौहिणी''' -- in ancient military terminology, it signified a division of army consist-ing of 21,870 elephants, 21,870 chariots, 65,610 horses and 1,09,350 foot soldiers -- ಪಂಡೇತ ಪಡೆ, ಮಹಾಭಾರತತ್‌ರ್ ಪಡೆ '''अक्स''' -- a shadow, reflected image, reflection -- ನಳ '''अखंड''' -- the whole, complete, undivided, indivisible -- ಇಡೀ, ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಭಾಗಮಾಡತದ್ '''अखंडता''' -- indivisibility, integrity, complete- ness -- ಒಂದಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''अखंडित''' -- unbroken, undivided, unimpaired -- ಮುರಿಪಕೈಯತದ್, ಒಡೆಯತದ್ '''अखबार''' -- a news paper, periodical publication containing news, fresh information -- ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ '''अखरना''' -- to make one feel sore, to be disagreeable or unpleasant -- ಒಕ್ಕತದ್, ಒತ್ತವ ಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अखरोट''' -- pulp of a walnut -- ಪಧರ, ತಿರ್ '''अखाड़ा''' -- an arena, wrestling arena, place for exercise, a congregation of sadhus their abode -- ಕುಸ್ತಿ ಕಳಿಪ ಜಾಗ '''अखाद्य''' -- inedible, uneatable, not in a state to beaten -- ತಿಂಬಕೈಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अँखिया''' -- the eyes, amorous, sight -- ಕಣ್ಣ್, ದೃಷ್ಠಿ '''अखिल''' -- whole, all, entire -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ, ಸರ್ವ '''अँखुआ''' -- sprout -- ಮೊಳೆ '''अख्तियार''' -- power, right, authority -- ಅಧಿಕಾರ, ಶಕ್ತಿ '''अंग''' -- the point, limb, portion -- ತಡಿರ ಭಾಗ '''अंग-विच्छेद''' -- amputation, to cut off a limb -- ಕೈಕಾಲ್ ತರ್‌ಚಿ ಎಡ್‌ಪ '''अंगजा''' -- female child, female descendant, a daughter -- ಮೂಡಿ ಕುಂಞಿ, ಮೋವ '''अंगड-खंगड''' -- broken parts, fragments, debris, ruins -- (ನಾಶ ಆನದ್) ಒಡಂದ ಚೂರ್ '''अंगडाई''' -- stretch the limbs, yawning, oscilation -- ಮೇಲ್ ಪೊಳಿಪ, ಮೇಲ್ ನೆಳಿಪ, ಆವಳಿ ಚಿಡ್ '''अंगण''' -- same as, according to, as above -- ಅದಂಡನ್ನೆಕೆ,ಅದೇ ಪೋಲೆ '''अगणनीय''' -- innumerable, countless, hence -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಮಾಡುವ ಕಯ್ಯಾತಚ್ಚಕ್ '''अगणित''' -- unnumbered, unaccounted, numberless -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अंगद''' -- a son of Bali, character in the Ramayan, head of the Vanara community -- ಬಾಲಿರ ಮೋಂವ, ವಾಲಿರ ಮೋಂವ '''अँगनाई''' -- court yard, premises -- ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''अंगन्यास''' -- a religious ceremony in which certain parts of the body are touched and certain mantras are uttered -- ಅನುವಾದ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''अंगभंग''' -- mutilation of some parts of the body, to dismember, -- ತಡಿರ ಭಾಗತ್‌ನ ತರ್‌ಚಿತ್ ಎಡ್‌ಪ '''अंगभंगी''' -- the fascinating devices of a damsel, gesture, calculated to fascinate, an expressive and fascinating movement of the body -- ನೆಳಿಂಜಿ ಕಳಿಪ '''अंगभूत''' -- component, constitutive, elemental -- ತಡಿರ ಭಾಗ '''अगम्य''' -- incohabitable -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಬಾವತದ್ '''अगर''' -- if, incase -- ಆಚೆಂಗಿ '''अंगरक्षक''' -- body guard, security guard, protection -- ತಡಿನ ಕಾಪಂವ '''अंगरक्षा''' -- the protection of body from an attack, body guard, security -- ತಡಿನ ಕಾತವ '''अगरबत्ती''' -- an incense stick, fragrance stick -- ಊದುಬತ್ತಿ '''अंगराग''' -- a cosmetic of sandal wood, saffron, musk & lotion is applied to the body -- ತಡಿಕ್ ಗಮನ ತೇಚವ '''अंगरी''' -- an armour, defensive covering, protective dress -- ತಡಿರ ಕವಚ, ತಡಿರ ಪೊದೆ '''अगल बगल''' -- on both sides, neighbours, besides -- ದಂಡ್‌ಬರಿ, ಅಕ್ಕಪಕ್ಕತ್‌ರೈಂಗ '''अगला''' -- next, following, coming, approaching -- ಮಿಂಞತ '''अगवानी''' -- reception, welcome, manner of receiving -- ತಕ್ಕಾರ '''अंगविक्षेप''' -- twitching of body with a jerk, gesticulation -- ತಡಿನೆಟ್ಟುವ '''अंगविद्या''' -- physiognomy, judging character by face, the face -- ಮೂಡ್‌ನೋಟಿತ್ ಎಣ್ಣುವ ವಿದ್ಯ '''अगस्त''' -- the month of August, 8th month of the English calender -- ಕಕ್ಕಡ, ಆಗಷ್ಟ್ ತಿಂಗ '''अगहन''' -- the 9th month of the Hindu calender -- ದರ್ಮ್ಯಾರ್ '''अंगा''' -- an upper garment, a type of dress, a cloth -- ಮೇಲ್ ತುಣಿ '''अगाऊ''' -- forward, advance, prompt -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ '''अंगांगिभाव''' -- the mutual relation of a part to the whole i.e. of the principal and the subordinate part -- (ತಡಿರ್ ತಕ್ಕ್) ಒಂದಾಂಗೊಂದ್ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''अगाध''' -- unfathomable, profound, deep -- ಅಳತೆಕ್ ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟತದ್ '''अंगार''' -- burning charcoal, embers, toast, browned, bread -- ಕತ್ತುವ ತಿತ್ತ್‌ಕಂಡ '''अंगारक''' -- planet of Mars, red colour planet -- ಚೋಂದ ಗ್ರಹ, ಮಂಗಳಗ್ರಹ '''अंगारमणि''' -- hard substance made by sea polyps and forming pink or red coral, a type of gem -- ಪಳುವ ಮಣಿ '''अंगी''' -- principal, head of the academic institute, competent -- ಪ್ರಧಾನ, ಮೂಲ '''अंगी''' -- primary, elementary, head -- ಪ್ರಧಾನ, ಮೂಲ '''अंगीकार''' -- to accept, to allow, to admit -- ಒತ್ತವ '''अँगीठी''' -- a pot to keep fire in, tradition -- ಅಗ್ಗ್‌ಸ್ಟಿಕೆ '''अंगीरस''' -- one of the ten Vedic sages, one of the nine rasas in literature -- ಅಂಗಿರಸ ಮುನಿ '''अगुआ''' -- a leader, pioneer, explorer -- ಮುಕ್ರಿ '''अंगुरत''' -- touch or handle with the fingers, a finger -- ಬೆರತ್ ಪುಡಿ '''अंगुल''' -- measurement of fingers breadth -- ಚಾಣ್‌ಡ್, ಚಾಣ್ '''अंगुलि पर्व''' -- bone at finger joint, knuckle down -- ಬೆರತ್‌ರ ಮೂಳೆ '''अंगुश्ताना''' -- metal cover for the finger tip in sewing timbal, a thimble -- ಬೆರತೊಪ್ಪಿಯ, ದರ್ಜಿಯಡ ಬೆರತೊಪ್ಪಿಯ '''अंगुष्ठ''' -- short thick finger, one which is opposed to the others, the thumb -- ಮೊಟ್ಟ್ ಬೆರ '''अँगूठा''' -- handle or dirty with the thumb, tack with a large flat head for pressing to a surface with the thumb, the thumb -- ಮೊಟ್ಟ್ ಬೆರ '''अँगूठी''' -- a finger ring -- ಮೊಯಿರ '''अगूढ़''' -- intelligible, apparent, simple -- ಸಾದಾ ಸುಲಭತ್‌ರ '''अंगूर''' -- fruit of the vine, grape, granulations in a healing sore -- ದ್ರಾಕ್ಷೆ '''अँगूरी''' -- large citrus friut, made of grapes, vinous -- ಪುಳಿಪಣ್ಣ್, ದ್ರಾಕ್ಷಿ, ಪುಳಿ '''अगोचर''' -- imperceptible -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕ್ ಕಾಂಗತದ್ '''अँगौरिया''' -- allowing the use of plough and oxen instead of paying wages in cash -- ಮುಯ್ಯಾಳ್ '''अग्नि''' -- fire, god of fire, state of burning -- ತಿತ್ತ್ '''अग्नि परीक्षा''' -- ordeal, severe trial, crucial testing -- ಕಠಿಣ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ '''अग्नि संस्कार''' -- cremation, burning as a means of disposing of corpses -- ಚಾವು ಚುಡುವೊ '''अग्निबाण''' -- a fire emitting, incendiary arrow -- ತಿತ್ತ್ ಬಾಣ; ತಿತ್ತಂಬ್ '''अग्निवर्षा''' -- shelling, bombing, firing -- ಬಾಂಬ್ ಇಡುವ, ತಿತ್ತ್ ಮಳೆ '''अग्र''' -- first, foremost, chief -- ಆದ್ಯತ್‌ರ '''अग्रगण्य''' -- leaping, prominent, top -- ನಿಸ್ಸೀಮ, ಮಿಂಞುಳ್ಳಂವ, ಗಟ್ಟಿಗ '''अग्रगामी''' -- pioneering, pioneer, leader -- ಮುಕ್ರಿ '''अग्रज''' -- an elder brother -- ಪೆರಿಯ ಅಣ್ಣ '''अग्रदूत''' -- herald, fore runner -- ಮಿಂಞಲ್ ಓಡುವಂವ '''अग्रसर''' -- to move forward, to move ahead -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಪೋಪ '''अग्राम्य''' -- civil, civic, urbane, refined -- ನಲ್ಲಂವ, ಸಾಧು ಸ್ವಭಾವಕಾರ '''अग्रिम''' -- first, foremost, chief, (adv) in advance -- ಮಿಂಞತಂವ, ಮುಕ್ರಿ '''अघ''' -- a sin, misdeed, evil deed -- ಪಾಪ, ಕೆಟ್ಟಪಣಿ '''अघटित''' -- unoccurred, not having happened -- ನಡಕತದ್ '''अँघस''' -- sin, an offence, mistake -- ತಪ್ಪ್, ಪಾಪ '''अघाना''' -- to be a satiated, surfeited or satisfied -- ತೃಪ್ತಿ ಪಡ್‌ತ್‌ವ '''अघोरी''' -- filthy, dirt, garbage -- ಹೇಸಿಗಟ್ಟ, ಗೊಜ್ಜೆ '''अघोष''' -- unvoiced, (sound) soundless, not clear -- ಕೆಮಿಕ್‌ ಕೇಕತದ್ '''अँघ्रि''' -- lowest part of leg, from the ankle down, lowest part of anything, foot -- ಅಂಗಾಲ್ '''अचकन''' -- a kind of tight fitting long coat -- ಉದ್ದಕೋಟ್ '''अचंचल''' -- un wavering, stable, steady -- ಮನಸ್ ಬದ್‌ಲಾಗತಂವ, ದೃಢಮನಸ್‌ಕಾರ '''अँचड''' -- stupid, dull, lazy -- ಮೈಂದ ಬೆಪ್ಪ ಪರ್ಂಗಳ್ಳ '''अचंभा''' -- wonder, surprise, astonishment, a bolt from the blue -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ, ಬೆರಗ್ '''अचल''' -- immovable, immobile, stationary -- ಅನ್‌ಕುವಕಯ್ಯಾತದ್ '''अँचल''' -- lap, fringe, facing, list margin, circle, zone -- ಮಡ್, ಸೆರ್‌ಗ್ '''अँचला''' -- a piece of cloth which joints tie round their waist -- ಚೇಲೆ '''अँचवाना''' -- to supply water for gargling the mouth after eating -- ಬಾಯಿ ಮುಕ್ಕ್ ಳ್ ಚಿಡುವ ನೀರ್ '''अचानक''' -- all of a sudden, suddenly, unexpectedly -- ಒಮ್ಮೆತೆ, ಒಮ್ಮೆಲೆ, ತಕ್ಷಣ '''अचार''' -- pickles, pickled vegetables, preserving food -- ಪಾರ '''अचिंत''' -- worship, love intensively, adored or respected -- ಪೂಜೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''अचिर''' -- prompt, without delay, immediate -- ಅಕ್ಕಲೆ, ತಪ್ಪತೆ, ನೇರ ಮಾಡತೆ '''अचूक''' -- infallible, unfailing, never wrong -- ತಪ್ಪು ಮಾಡತೆ '''अचेतन''' -- unconcious, inanimate -- ಸೋಯ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अच्छा''' -- good, fine, excellent, pleasant, righteous, sound, genuine -- ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''अच्छाई''' -- goodness, virtue, merit -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ '''अछूत''' -- untouchable, Hindu below the caste level -- ತೊಡತಂವ '''अछूता''' -- fresh, untouched, unpolluted -- ತೊಡತದ್, ಬಳಸತದ್ '''अज''' -- unborn, eternal -- ಜನ್ಮ ಎಡ್‌ಕತದ್, ಶಾಶ್ವತ, ಎಕ್ಕಲೂ ಇಪ್ಪದ್ '''अजगर''' -- a python, a huge snake -- ಪೆರ್ಂಬಾಂಬು '''अंजन''' -- collyrium applied to the eye lashes, ink, night, lizard, the elephant of the south west quarter -- ಕಾಡ್ಯ '''अजनबी''' -- unknown, unfamiliar, alien -- ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अंजनहारी''' -- a sty or inflamed gland on the eyelids -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ರನೆರು '''अजब''' -- strange, peculiar, variety -- ವಿಚಿತ್ರ, ಅಪರೂಪತ್‌ರ, ಬೆರಗಾಕುವದ್ '''अजर''' -- ever-young, undecayingly, endless young -- ಎಕ್ಕಲೂ ಬಾಲ್ಯ '''अंजर पंजर''' -- joints of the body, the skeleton, ribs -- ತಡಿರ ಸಂದ್,ಬಕ್ಕರೆ '''अंजलि''' -- hollow of the palm, handful -- ಅಂಗೈರ ಕುಂಡ್,ಕೈದುಂಬ '''अंजलिबद्द''' -- with hands, with the palms joined together, worship, sacrifice -- ಕೈತೊತ್ತವ '''अजवाइन''' -- a kind of aromatic seed -- ಗಮನ ಕುರು '''अजवृत्ति''' -- leisurely attitude, a sense of inertia, idle -- ಆರಾಮ್, ಕೆಯ್ಯಂಗಳ್ಳ '''अजात''' -- unborn -- ಪುಟ್ಟತದ್ '''अजान''' -- straight, unknown, innocent -- ನೇರೆ, ಅರಿಯತದ್ '''अंजाम''' -- end, result, consequence -- ಮಾಡ್‌ನಾಂಡ ಫಲ '''अंजामा''' -- a barren unproductive plot of land, not fertile, waste -- ಪಡ್ ಭೂಮಿ '''अजायब घर''' -- a museum, curio collection centre, historical collection centre -- ಅಪರೂಪತರ, ಸಾಮಾನ ಕೂಟಿ ಬೆಚ್ಚ ಮನೆ '''अजित''' -- unconquered, undefeated -- ಚೋಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವ ಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अंजीर''' -- a fig tree, its fruit -- ಅತ್ತಿ ಪಣ್ಣ್ರ ಮರ (ಅಂಜೂರ) '''अजीर्ण''' -- indigestion, not digestable, lack of aminoacids -- ಕಟ್ರೆ, ಅರಗಣೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अंजुमन''' -- association, society, group -- ಕೂಟ್,ಸಮಾಜ '''अज्ञ''' -- ignorant, stupid, mad -- ಅರಿವಿಲ್ಲತಂವ, ಪುಚ್ಚ '''अज्ञात''' -- unknown, without knowledge, innocent -- ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अज्ञान''' -- ignorance, paucity of knowledge, lack of wisdom -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಒಂದೂ ಅರಿಯತದ್ '''अंट-शंट''' -- incompetent, irrelevant, unnecessary -- ಬೋಂಡತದ್ '''अटक''' -- obstacle, thing in the way, hindrance to progress -- ಅಡೆತಡೆ '''अटकलपच्चू''' -- random, fanciful, imaginary, uncertain, (nm) a random guess, mere conjecture -- ಸ್ಥಿರ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಸರಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अटपटा''' -- absurd, silly, contrary to reason -- ಚಲ್ಲಂಗಳಿ, ಅರ್ಥ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ತೆಳಿಪಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''अंटा''' -- a spool of thread, roll -- ನೂಲುಂಡೆ '''अंटाचित''' -- lie or toss about awkwardly sprawling position -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ್, ಮಲಾರ ಬುದ್ದವ '''अटृहास''' -- horse laugh, sound or act of laughing, make the sounds instinctively expressing amusement or merriment or scorn -- ಅಹಂಕಾರತ್‌ರ ತೆಳಿ, ತೆಳ್‌ಚನ್ನಗೆ ಕಳಿಪ '''अट्ट-सट्ट''' -- waste, unnecessary, not connected -- ಸಂಬಂಧ ತಲ್ಲತದ್, ಅವಶ್ಯ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अट्टालिका''' -- a high palatial mansion, an attic, big building, a bunglow -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಬಂಗ್‌ಲಿ '''अट्ठाइस''' -- twentyeight -- ಇರ್‌ವತ್ತೆಟ್ಟ್ '''अठखेली''' -- (usually used in plural) playfulness, frolic, merriment -- ಕುಸಿರಕಳಿ '''अठन्नी''' -- eight annas -- ಎಟ್ಟಾಣ '''अठहत्तर''' -- seventyeight -- ಏಳ್‌ವತ್ತೆಟ್ಟ್ '''अठारह''' -- eighteen -- ಪದ್‌ನೆಟ್ಟ್ '''अठ्ठानबे''' -- ninetyeight -- ತೊಂಬತ್ತೆಟ್ಟ್ '''अठ्ठावन''' -- fiftyeight -- ಐಂಬತ್ತೆಟ್ಟ್ '''अठ्ठासी''' -- eightyeight -- ಎಂಬತ್ತೆಟ್ಟ್ '''अड़''' -- obstinacy, pertinacity, persistent -- ಪುಡ್‌ಚದೇ ಪುಡಿ, ಮೊಂಡತನ '''अंड''' -- egg, testicle, universe, sperming -- ಮುಟ್ಟೆ '''अड़चन''' -- hindrance, hitch, difficulty -- ಅಡೆತಡೆ, ತೊಂದರೆ '''अंडज''' -- born from an egg, ovum -- ಮುಟ್ಟೆಂಜಿ ತೊಲ್ಂಜಿ ಬಂದದ್, ಮುಟ್ಟೆಂಜಿ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್ '''अड़तालीस''' -- fortyeight (number of forty eight) -- ನಾಪತ್ತೆಟ್ಟ್ '''अड़तीस''' -- thirty eight (number of thirty eight) -- ನುಪ್ಪತ್ತೆಟ್ಟ್ '''अंडबंड''' -- incoherent talk, meaningless, miscellaneous, trash, nonsense, meaningless talk, improper language, miscellany -- ಅರ್ಥ ಇಲ್ಲತ ತಕ್ಕ್, ಒಂದಾಂಗೊಂದ್ ಹೊಂದಿಬೂವತ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''अंडवृद्धी''' -- the disease called hydroale propry of testicle -- ಮುಟ್ಟೆ ಬಣ್ಣ ಬೆಚ್ಚವ '''अड़सठ''' -- sixty eight (the number sixty eight) -- ಅರ್‌ವತ್ತೆಟ್ಟ್ '''अड़ाना''' -- to press forward, to provoke, in the forefront -- ಮಿಂಞಕುಳ್‌ಪ್ '''अडिग''' -- unflinching, firm, steady -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ನಿಕ್ಕತ, ಮುರ್ಕಪುಡಿ ಅರಂಗೇತ್ '''अड़ियल''' -- inflexible, stubborn, mulish -- ಮುರ್ಚಪಂದಿ, ಬದಲಾಗತಂವ '''अडोस पडोस''' -- neighbourhood, vicinity, neighbours -- ನೆರೆಕರೆ, ಪಕ್ಕತಮನೆಕಾರ '''अड्डा''' -- a stand, base, meeting place, haunt, resort, pesch, hot bed -- ಜನ ಕೂಡುವ ಜಾಗ '''अढ़ैया''' -- a weight of two and a half seers, two and fifty only -- ದಂಡರೆ ಸೇರ್ ತೂಕತ್‌ರ '''अणु''' -- a molecule, an atom, minute particle, molecular atomic -- ಅಣು, ಕಣ '''अत''' -- hence, therefore, thus, on this accountant -- ಆನಗುಂಡ್ '''अंत''' -- the end, goal, upshot, finish, extinction, completion, extremity, terminate -- ಕಡೇಕ್, ತೇಪ, ಇಲ್ಲತಾಪ '''अंत''' -- end, close, final -- ಆಕೀರಿ '''अतएव''' -- hence, so, therefore -- ಆನಗುಂಡ್ '''अंतःकरण''' -- heart, conscience, inner self -- ಮನಸ್ '''अंतःकालीन''' -- interim, provisional, temporary -- ತತ್ಕಾಲ '''अंतःकोण''' -- internal angle, corner, meeting of two lines -- ಮನಸ್ಸ್ಂಜ ನೋಟುವ - ಮೂಲೆ '''अंतज्र्योति''' -- the inner light, innerflame -- ಮನಸ್‌ರ ಬೊಳಿ '''अंतज्र्वाला''' -- worry, languish, inner pain -- ಒಳಗೊಂದಲ, ಚೋತ್ ಚುಣ್ಣಆಪ '''अंततः''' -- lastly, finally, at last, eventually -- ಕಡೇಕ್, ಆಖೀರಿಕ್ '''अंततोगत्वा''' -- at long last, lastly -- ಆಖೀರಿಕ್ '''अंतःपुर''' -- queen's staying place, bunglow -- ರಾಣಿರ ಕೋಂಬರೆ '''अतप्त''' -- unheated, cool, normal -- ಮಾಮೂಲ್, ತಣ್ಂಜದ್ '''अंतःप्रज्ञा''' -- intuition, intermediate or direct apprehension, immediate right -- ಒಳ್‌ಮನಸ್ '''अंतःप्रवेश''' -- ingression, entry, right, means -- ಒಳ್‌ಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪದ್ '''अंतप्रान्तीय''' -- provincial -- ನಾಡ್‌ಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ, ಒಳನಾಡ್ '''अंतःप्रेरण''' -- inspiration, breath, influence, divine -- ಪುರ್‌ಡ್ '''अंतःप्रेरणा''' -- intuition, inspiration, inner urge -- ಪುರ್‌ಡ್ ಒಳದೃಷ್ಪಿ '''अंतभूमि''' -- sub soil -- ಒಳಮಣ್ಣ್ '''अंतर''' -- difference, distance, interval, spacing, interior, heart, margin -- ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ, ದೂರ, ಎಡೆ, ದಂಡಾಂಡ ಎಡೆಲ್, ನಡುಲ್, ಭೇದ '''अंतरक''' -- a spaces, galaxy -- ನಕ್ಷತ್ರಗುಂಪ್ '''अंतरंग''' -- internal, interior, intimate, private -- ಒಳಮನಸ್ '''अंतरण''' -- spacing, shifting, devolution, handling -- ಕೈಮಾತುವ, ಬದಲಾಕುವ '''अंतरतम''' -- the core of the heart, heart of hearts -- ಎದೆರಾಳ, ಮನತಾಳ, ನೆಂಞಿರೊಳ್ '''अतरसो''' -- the day prior to today, before yesterday or day after tomorrow -- ನಿನ್ನಾಂದ್, ಇನ್ನಾಂದ್, ಮೊನಿಯಾಂದ್, ಮತ್ಯಾಂದ್ '''अंतरा''' -- any verse of a song etc., excepting the first -- ಪಾಟ್‌ರಮೊಳಿ, ಮಿಂಞತಮೊಳಿ '''अंतरात्मा''' -- the soul, inner self, spirit -- ಆತ್ಮ, ಒಳಮನಸ್ '''अंतराय''' -- an impediment, obstacle -- ಬೆಲಕುವ, ಅಡೆತಡೆ, ತೊಡಕ್ '''अंतराल''' -- an interval, intervening time, or space, gap inner space -- ಬುಡ್‌ನೇರ, ಎಡೆನೇರ, ಎಡೆಲ್ '''अंतराष्ट्रीयता''' -- internationalism -- ಪೊರದೇಶಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''अंतरिक्ष''' -- space, sky, galaxy -- ಆಕಾಶ, ಬಾಣ (ಬಾನ) '''अंतरीप''' -- a cape, head land, promontory '''अंतरीय''' -- the lower garment, wearing, petticoat -- ಸಿಮ್ಮೀಸ್ ಲಂಗ '''अंतर्कथा''' -- confidential, intelligence -- ಗುಟ್ಟಾನದ್ (ಹುಷಾರ್) ಉಷಾರ್ '''अतर्कित''' -- unthought of, unplanned sudden, unimaginable -- ಗ್ಯಾನ ಮಾಡೊಕಯ್ಯತದ್, ಗೇನೇ ಮಾಡತದ್ '''अतर्क्य''' -- indisputable, incontestable, ire-futable -- ತರ್ಕ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ವಾದ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अंतर्गत''' -- under, within, (a) included -- ಅಡೀಲ್,ಒಳ್ ಲ್ '''अंतर्ग्रह''' -- a planet, interior -- ಗ್ರಹ, ದೂರತ ಮೂಲೆ '''अंतर्जातीय''' -- inter-caste -- ಬೋರೆ ಜಾತಿ, ಇತರ ಜಾತಿ (ಮೇಂಗ್‌ನ ಜಾತಿ) '''अंतर्जातीय''' -- inmate, inherent, natural -- ಕೂಟ್‌ಕಾರ, ಮನೆಕಾರ '''अंतर्जातीय''' -- ingestion -- ಉಂಬ ತಿಂಬ '''अंतर्ज्ञान''' -- intution, spiritual -- ಅರಂಜಂಡದ್ '''अंतर्ज्योति''' -- the inner light, innerflame: -- ಮನಸ್ ರ ಬೊಳಿ '''अंतर्ज्वाला''' -- worry, langish, inner pain -- ಒಳಗೊಂದಲ, ಚೋತ್ ಚುಣ್ಣಆಪ '''अंतर्धान''' -- disappearance, revoution -- ಕಾಣತೆ ಆಪ, ಮಾಯ ಆಪ '''अंतर्धान''' -- disappearance, revolution, invisibility -- ಕಾಣತೆ ಆಪ, ಮಾಯ ಆಪ '''अंतर्धारा''' -- under current -- ನೀರ್ ರ ಸುಳಿ, ಒಳಸುಳಿ '''अंतर्धारा''' -- under current -- ನೀರ್‌ರ ಸುಳಿ, ಒಳಸುಳಿ '''अंतर्नियम''' -- articles -- (ಒಪ್ಪಂದತ್ ರ) ಒಕ್ಕಣೆ '''अंतर्नियम''' -- articles -- (ಒಪ್ಪ೦ದತ್‌ರ) ಒಕ್ಕಣೆ '''अंतर्निहित''' -- implied, understood, included -- ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಯುವ, ಕೂಟುವ '''अंतर्निहित''' -- implied, understood, included -- ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಯವ, ಕೂಟುವ ಅರ್೦ಜಂಡದ್ '''अंतर्भवि''' -- inclusion, permeation -- ಕೂಟಿಯವ '''अंतर्भावना''' -- inner feeling, conscience -- ಒಳಮನಸ್, ಒಳಗೇನ '''अंतर्भूत''' -- included, involved, permeated -- ಒಳ್‌ಲ್ ಅಡ್ಂಗ್‌ನದ್, ಮನಸ್‌ಲ್ ಅಡಂಗ್‌ನದ್ '''अंतर्भेदी''' -- intrusive, probing -- ಒಳಗುಟ್ಟರಿಯಾ '''अंतर्मना''' -- introvert -- ಒಳಮನ '''अंतर्मुख''' -- introvertive -- ಮನಸ್‌ರ ಒಳ್‌ಲೇ ಬೆಚ್ಚವ '''अंतर्यामी''' -- pervading the interior or inner self, (nm) the supreme spirit -- ಕಾಣತ ದೇವ, ಕಾಣತ ಶಕ್ತಿ '''अंतर्राराष्ट्रिय''' -- international -- ಪೊರದೇಶತ್‌ರ '''अंतर्लयन''' -- absorption -- ಹೀರುವ, ಬಲ್‌ಚವ '''अंतर्लीन''' -- self-engrossed, absorbed, latent -- ಮನಸ್‌ಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ತಂಡತ್ '''अंतर्वती''' -- pregnant -- ಕುಳಿಯಮೆ ಕರ್ತಿ '''अंतर्वस्तु''' -- the content -- ಕೂಡಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''अंतर्वस्त्र''' -- underwear -- ಒಳಚಡ್ಡಿ '''अंतर्वासी''' -- indwelling, indoor -- ಒಳ್‌ಲೇ ಇಪ್ಪವ '''अंतर्विकार''' -- mental aberration, mental perversion -- ಬುದ್ದಿಕೆಟ್ಟವ, ಪೋದಂಗೆಟ್ಟವ '''अंतर्विराम''' -- intermission, intermittence, interval -- ಬುಡ್‌ನೇರ '''अंतर्विरोध''' -- self contradiction, inner contradiction -- ಬೆಲ್‌ಕಿ ಪರಿಯುವ '''अतल''' -- bottomless, fathomless, low -- ಅಡಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಕ್ದತ್‌ರ '''अंतःशक्ति''' -- potency, ruler, powerful -- ಮನಸ್‌ರ ಶಕ್ತಿ '''अंतस्थ''' -- intermediate, situated in between (nm) -- ದಂಡಾಂಡ ನಡುಲ್ '''अति''' -- a prefix expressive of extremity, beyond over, surpassing -- ಮಿತಿಮೀರ್‌ನ '''अतिकाय''' -- huge, gigantic, large quantity -- ಬಲ್ಯ, ದಡಿಯ '''अतिक्रमण''' -- infringement, contravention, viol ation, hence -- ಹದ್ದ್ ಮೀರಿ ಪೋಪ '''अतिचार''' -- transgression, tresspass, profanation, outrage, violation -- ಬಲ್ಚಿ ಕೂಟುವ, ದಬಾಯಿಚಿಡುವ '''अतिथि''' -- a guest, relative, one entertained at another's house -- ಬೆಂದ್‌ಕ, ಬೆಂದು '''अंतिम''' -- last, final, ultimate, concluding, conclusive -- ಅಖೀರಿ '''अतिमानव''' -- superman, adventerous person, more than human -- ಎಲ್ಲಾರ್‌ನೂ ಮೀರ್‌ನಂವ '''अतिरंजन''' -- exaggeration, overstatement, magnify beyond truth -- ಕಲಿ ಕೂಟುವ '''अतिरिक्त''' -- additional, extra, spare, auxiliary, besides -- ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''अतिरेक''' -- plenty, abundance, surplus -- ದುಂಬ '''अतिवाद''' -- extremism, excess, ostentation, exaggeration -- ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಕಲಿ ಕೂಟುವ '''अतिवादी''' -- an extremist, anti social activities, anti social creature -- ಎಣ್ಣ್ ನಾನ ಕೇಕತಂವ, ಕಳಿಚದೇ ಕಳಿಂದ್ ಅರ್ಂಜಂವ '''अतिवृष्टि''' -- excessive rains, unusual heavy down pour -- ದುಂಬಾ ಮಳೆ, ಪಿರಾಂದ್ ಮಳೆ '''अतिशयोक्ति''' -- exaggeration, oversight, magnify beyond truth -- ಕಲಿಕೂಟಿ ಪರೆವ '''अतिसार''' -- dysentery, inflamatory disease of the bowels -- ಚೋರೆ ತೂರಟ '''अतीत''' -- past, (adv) beyond, past -- ಕಯಿಂಜಿ ಪೋನದ್ '''अतींद्रीय''' -- transcendental, unclear -- ಅರಿವ ಕೈಯತದ್ '''अतीव''' -- very much, too much, excessive -- ಏರ್‌ನದ್ ದುಂಬ '''अतुल''' -- unparalleled, unequalled, immense, also -- ಒಂದ್‌ಗೂಡತದ್, ಜೊತೆಕೂಡತದ್, ಒಂದಾಂಗೊಂದ್ ತೂಂಗತದ್ '''अतुलनीय''' -- non comparable, esteem -- ಅಳತೆಕ್ ಕಯ್ಯಾತದ್, ತೂಕಕ್ ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟತದ್ '''अतुलित''' -- not comparable -- ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಮಾಡುವ ಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अतृप्त''' -- unsatisfied, unfulfilled, frustrated -- ತೃಪ್ತಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अतृप्ति''' -- unfulfillment, non gratification, frustration -- ಆಸೆ ನೆರವೇರತದ್, ತೀರತ ಆಸೆ '''अत्तर''' -- perfumes, druggist, pharma-ceutical, chemist -- ಮದ್ದ್ ಕಾರ, ಸೆಂಟ್ '''अत्यन्त''' -- very much, much, excessively, exceedingly -- ದುಂಬಾ '''अंत्याक्षरी''' -- a verse testing competition in which the contestants recite a couplet begining with the last letter of the couplet recited by the foregoing contestant and which may be carried on between competing individuals or rival teams -- ಅಂತ್ಯಾಕ್ಷರ ಪೈಪೋಟಿ '''अत्याचारी''' -- atrocious, tyrannous, excessive, a tyrant, despot, outrageous (nm) -- ಪುಲಿಯಾಡಿ, ದುಷ್ಟ '''अत्याज्य''' -- unforsakable, not fit to be renounced -- ಬುಡುವ ಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अत्यान्पार''' -- atrocity, tyranny, excess, outrage -- ದುಷ್ಟತನ, ಜಾಸ್ತಿ '''अत्यावश्यक''' -- very important, essential, foremost -- ದುಂಬಾ ಬೋಂಡಿಯದ್, ಅತಿ ಅವಶ್ಯ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''अत्युक्ति''' -- a hyperbole, enlargement, magnification -- ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಪರಿವ, ಕೂಡಿಕೇತುವ '''अत्युत्तम''' -- very important, emminent, foremost -- ಭಾರೀ ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''अंत्येष्टि''' -- last, funeral rites, crematorium -- ಚಾವು ಪದ್ಧತಿ, ತೂಟ್ಂಗಳ '''अथ''' -- the beginning, commencement, now, then -- ಸುರು, ಇಕ್ಕ, ಅಕ್ಕ '''अथक''' -- untiring, unceasing, endless -- ಅಲೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಕೊನೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अथवा''' -- or, that is, option -- ಅಥವಾ, ಇಲ್ಲೇಂಗಿ, ಅಲ್ಲೇಂಗಿ '''अथाह''' -- unfathomable, bottomless, very deep -- ಏರ ಆಳತ್‌ರ, ಅಡಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अदना''' -- insignificant, low, inferior, trifling -- ಲೆಕ್ಕಕ್ಕಿಲ್ಲತದ್, ಕಮ್ಮಿತರತ್‌ರ '''अदम''' -- absence, abstraction, dearth -- ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತಿಪ್ಪಕ, ಬರ '''अदम्य''' -- irresistible, alluring, beckoning -- ತಡಪಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अंदर''' -- in, inside, within -- ಒಳ್‌ಲ್ '''अदरक''' -- ginger, plant with a hot-tasting spicy root used in cooking, light reddish yellow colour root -- ಇಂಜಿ '''अंदरूनी''' -- internal, internecine, inward -- ಒಳ್‌ರ '''अदर्शन''' -- not fit to be seen, not visualised, cannot look -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕ್ ಕಾಂಗತದ್ '''अदल-बदल''' -- exchange, interchange, modification -- ಪಾಚಪಣಿ '''अदा''' -- blandshiment, graceful manner or carriage -- ನಲ್ಲತಕ್ಕ್ '''अंदाज''' -- an estimate, a guess, mode style, gesture, characteristic manner -- ಅಂದಾಜಿ '''अदालत''' -- a court of law, body with judicial powers, one of the sittings -- ಕೋರ್ಟ್, ನ್ಯಾಯಾಲಯ '''अदावत''' -- animosity, enemity, estrangement, hostility, hence -- ಕೇಡ್ ಕಿಚ್ಚ್, ವಿರೋಧ '''अदृश्य''' -- invisible, imperceptible, not worth seeing -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕ್ ಕಾಂಗತದ್ '''अदृष्ट''' -- fate, fortune, (a) unforseen -- ವಿಧಿ, ನಸೀಬ್ '''अदेय''' -- inalienable, nontransferable, not to be handed over, not worth or fit for handing over -- ಮಾತುವಕ್ ಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अंदेशा''' -- misgiving, misapprehension, suspicion -- ತಪ್ಪರ್ಥ ಮಾಡಿಯವೊ '''अद्दा''' -- one half (of anything), half brick, counterfoil -- ಅರೆ, ಪಾದಿ '''अद्दी''' -- a kind of lime, muslin like cloth, smooth fabric -- ಮಿನ್‌ಸ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''अद्भूत''' -- marvellous, fantastic, singular, supernatural -- ಬೆರಗಾಪಂತದ್, ಪೆರ್ತ್ ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳದ್ '''अद्यतन''' -- upto date, modern, latest -- ಇಲ್ಲಿಕತ್ತನೆ, ಪುದಿಯದಾನ '''अद्वितीय''' -- unique, unparallelled -- ಅದ್ವಿತೀಯ, ಸರಿಸಮಾನ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अंध''' -- an allomorph of अंधा used as the first or subsequent member in compound word as अंधविश्र्वासी, कामाँध -- ಕುರ್‌ಡ್ '''अधकचरा''' -- immature, incomplete, half-baked, unassimilated -- ಬೊಳಿಯತದ್, ಅರೆ ಬೆಂಜದ್ '''अंधकार''' -- darkness, gloom-युग age of darkness -- ಇರ್ಟ್, ಮುಟ್ಟ್ ರ್ಟ್ '''अधखिला''' -- semi bloomed, half bloom, half perfection -- ಅರೆ ಬೀಂದದ್ '''अधखुला''' -- half open, half uncovered, half blossomed -- ಪಾದಿ ಬೀಂದದ್ '''अंधड''' -- a violent, dust storm, cyclone -- ಜೋರ್‌ಕಾತ್, ಬೀರಂಗಾತ್ '''अधन्ना''' -- half anna coin -- ಅರೆ ಆಣ ಚಿಲ್ಲರೆ, ಒರ್‌ಆಣತ್‌ರ ಪಾದಿ, (ಆರ್‌ಕಾಸ್) '''अधःपतन''' -- down fall, fall, degradation, degeneration -- ಅವಸಾನ, ತಾಂದದ್ '''अधम''' -- mean, base, vile -- ಪೊರ್ಕಿ '''अंधमति''' -- stupid, foolish, irrational -- ಮೂರ್ಖ, ಜಡ್ಡ '''अधमरा''' -- half dead, near dead, ready to die -- ಚಾವಕಾಯಿತ್, ಅರೆ ಜೀಂವ '''अधमर्ण''' -- a debtor, borrower, loan taker -- ಸಾಲಕಾರ, ಬಾಕಿದಾರ '''अधर''' -- under lip, lip, mid air, empty space, space between -- ಕಿರಿ, ಕಾಲಿ ಜಾಗ '''अधरपान''' -- sucking, kissing of the lips, chewing of the lips -- ಊತ್ ವ,ಕೊದ್‌ಚವ, ಮುತ್ತವ '''अधर्म''' -- vice, wrong, sin, sinful act, unrighteousness, immorality -- ಕೆಟ್ಟಗುಣ, ಪಾಪ, ನೀತಿಕೆಟ್ಟ '''अंधविश्वास''' -- superstition, blind trust, blind belief -- ಮೂಢನಂಬಿಕೆ '''अंधाधुंध''' -- indiscreetly, indis-criminately, recklessly, at random, wild, reckless, rash -- ಬರ್‌ಟ್, ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಕೆಟ್ಟಂಡ್ '''अंधापन''' -- blindness, recklessness, folly -- ಕುರ್‌ಡ್‌ತನ, ಕುರ್‌ಡ್ '''अधार्मिक''' -- irreligious, unrighteous, profane -- ಧರ್ಮ ಬುಟ್ಟಂವ '''अधिक''' -- more, much, many, plenty, surplus, abundant -- ಜಾಸ್ತಿ, ದುಂಬಾ '''अधिकमास''' -- leap month, additional month -- ಉದ್ದ ತಿಂಗ '''अधिकाधिक''' -- more and more, progressively increasing, utmost -- ದುಂಬ ದುಂಬ '''अधिकार पत्र''' -- a letter of authority, charter -- ಸನ್ನದ್, ನಿರೂಪ '''अधिकारी''' -- an officer, an authority, a tittle holder, an owner -- ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ, ಯಜಮಾನ '''अधिकांश''' -- a more than half, most, major, portion -- ಪಾದಿ ಕುಂಜಿ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ '''अधिकृत''' -- occupied, authorised, vested with authority -- ಅಧಿಕಾರ ಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್ '''अधिनायक''' -- a dictator, supreme leader, ruler -- ಸರ್ವಾಧಿಕಾರಿ (ಕೊಂಬ) '''अधिनियम''' -- an act, bill, acomplishment -- ಕಾನೂನ್ ಕಾಯಿದೆ '''अधिप''' -- a ruler, king, master -- (ರಾಜ) ರಾಜ '''अधियाना''' -- to bifurcate, to divide into two halves -- ಪಾಲ್‌ಡ್‌ವ '''अँधियारा''' -- darkness, innocence, unknown -- ಇರ್‌ಟ್, ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अधिराज''' -- a sovereign, kingship, sovere ignity -- ಅಧಿರಾಜ, ಮೇಲಾನ ರಾಜ '''अधिवक्ता''' -- an advocate, pleader, lawyer -- ಲಾಯರ್, ವಕೀಲ '''अधिवास''' -- domicile, nativity, native settler -- ಪುಟ್ಟಿಬೊಳಂದವ, ಮೂಲ ನಿವಾಸಿ '''अधिवासी''' -- a settler, domicile, settled -- ನೆಲೆ ನಿಂದಂವ '''अधिवेशन''' -- session, meeting, continue series of such meetings -- ಸಭೆ, ಕೂಟ '''अधिष्ठाता''' -- a chief (a) superindenting, presiding -- ತಕ್ಕ, ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥ '''अधिष्ठान''' -- an establishment, abode, dwelling, hence -- ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ, ನೆಲೆ '''अधिसूचना''' -- a notification, government order, official declaration -- ಹುಕುಂ, ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ '''अधीक्षक''' -- a superindent, head of the unit, work incharge -- ಎಚ್ಚರ ಎಡ್‌ಪಂವ, ನಾಯಕ '''अधीन''' -- dependent, subordinate, subject to the authority of under -- ಕೈಕೆಳಗೆ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ, ಕೈರಡಿಲ್ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ '''अधीर''' -- restive, fidgety, impatient, petulant, nervous -- ಹಟಮಾರಿ, ನಿಂದಲ್ಲಿ ನಿಕ್ಕತ '''अधुना''' -- now, at present, latest -- ಇಕ್ಕ '''अधुनातन''' -- modern, up to date, latest -- ಇಕ್ಕತ '''अधूरा''' -- incomplete, unfinished, half portion completed -- ತೇರತ, ಅರೆಪಣಿ '''अधेड़''' -- middle aged, verging on old age -- ಎಡೆಬಯತ್ ಕಾರ '''अंधेर''' -- outrage, wrong, anarchy, complete lawlessness or mis-management -- ತಪ್ಪಾನದ್, ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ನೇಮ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अँधेरा''' -- darkness, dark -- ಇರ್‌ಟ್, ಮುಟ್ಟ್ ರ್ ಟ್ '''अंधेरी''' -- dust storm, blinkers -- ಜೋರ್‌ಕಾತ್, ಧೂಳ್‌ಕಾತ್ '''अधेला''' -- a half-pice coin -- ಅರೆಕಾಸ್, ಎಟ್ಟಾಣ '''अधोगति''' -- fall, downfall, degradation -- ಬೂವ, ತಾರುವ '''अधोगामी''' -- falling down, degrading, decending -- ತಾಂದಂಡುಳ್ಳ, ಕೇದಕ್ ಬುದ್ದಂಡುಳ್ಳ '''अधोमुख''' -- face down wards, fallen angle -- ಕವುಂಜಿ ಬುದ್ದ '''अध्यक्ष''' -- president, chairman, speaker, head -- ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ, ತಕ್ಕ '''अध्यक्षता''' -- chairmanship, presidentship, chief -- ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷತೆ, ತಕ್ಕಾಮೆ '''अध्यवासाय''' -- perseverance, enterprise, deligence, volitian -- ಹಟಸಾಧನೆ '''अध्यात्मवाद''' -- spiritualism, devotional, holy -- ಧರ್ಮವಿಚಾರ, ಭಕ್ತಿ '''अध्यात्मा''' -- spritual contemplation, devotional -- ದೇವ ಭಕ್ತಿ '''अध्यापन''' -- studying, teaching, training -- ಪಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿರುವ, ತರಬೇತ್ ಕೊಡ್ ಪ '''अध्यारोप''' -- erroneous transference of an attribute, misprojection, hence -- ತಪ್ಪು ತಪ್ಪು '''अध्याहार''' -- an ellipsis -- ಬುಟ್ಟ್ ಪೋನ ಶಬ್ದ '''अध्येता''' -- a student, scholar, research -- ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ, ಪಡಿಪಂವ '''अन''' -- sanskrit prefix for words begining with vowels, signifying negation -- ಸ್ವರಾಕ್ಷರತ್ ರ ಸುರುಲ್ ಕೂಟಿಯವದ್ '''अनकहा''' -- untold, inexplicit, implicit -- ಎಣ್ಣ್ ತದ್ '''अनकुना''' -- unheard (of), not in a position to listen, attention is not paid -- ಕೇಕತದ್ '''अनख''' -- dudgeon, acerbity, petulance -- ರೋಸ '''अनखर''' -- immortal, immutable, imperishable -- ಚಾವಿಲ್ಲತದ್, ಶಾಶ್ವತ, ಸಾಸ್ವೀತ '''अनगढ़''' -- crude, unwrought, unchiselled, unpolished, natural -- ತಿದ್ದತದ್, ತೆಳ್ಂಗತದ್ '''अनगिनत''' -- anginat, innumerable, numberless, countless -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनचाहा''' -- unwanted, undesired, underivable -- (ಬಾಂಡತದ್) ಬೋಂಡತದ್ '''अनजान''' -- unknown, unacquainted, ignorant -- ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತದ್, ಅರಿಯತದ್ '''अनजाने''' -- unknowingly, unwittingly, without our notice -- ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತೆ, ಅರಿಯತೆ '''अनंत''' -- endless, unending, eternal institute -- ಅಂತ್ಯಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ತೇರತದ್ '''अनंतर''' -- after, afterwards, in the wake of -- ಬಯ್ಯ, ಪಿಂಞ, ಕಡಿಯಾಲ '''अनदेखा''' -- unseen, unforeseen, without looking -- ನೋಟತದ್ '''अनधिकार''' -- unauthorised, without power, unrelated -- ಹಕ್ಕಿಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनध्याय''' -- an office day, cessation of work -- ಚಾಕರಿ ಉಳ್ಳ ದಿನ '''अनननास''' -- pine-apple tree or it`s-fruit -- ಪರಂಗಿ ಚೆಕ್ಕೆ '''अनन्य''' -- identical, unique, close, intimate -- ಒರೇ ತರ '''अनपच''' -- undigested, unable to digest, unable to keep -- ಅರ್‌ಗಣೆ ಆಕತದ್, ಕರತದ್ '''अनपढ़''' -- illiterate, unlettered, countryman -- ಎಳ್ತ್ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ '''अनपेक्षित''' -- unwanted, not required or desired -- (ಬಾಂಡತದ್) ಬೋಂಡತದ್ '''अनबन''' -- discord, estrangement, rift -- ವಿರೋಧ, ಸೆರಿಬೂವತದ್ '''अनब्याहा''' -- unmarried, bachelor, without marriage -- ಮಂಗಲಾಗತ, ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ '''अनभिज्ञ''' -- ignorant, unaware, unapprised -- ಅರಿವಿಲ್ಲತಂವ, ಪೊಟ್ಟ '''अनभिव्यक्त''' -- unexpressed, implicit, unable to deliver -- ಎಣ್ಣತದ್, ಎಣ್ಣುವ ಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अनभ्यास''' -- want of practice, practice not required -- ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ ಬೋಂಡು/ ಬೋಂಡತದ್ '''अनभ्र''' -- cloudless, pleasant, without shadow -- ಮೋಡ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ತೆಳ್ಂಗ್‌ನದ್ '''अनमना''' -- indisposed, out of sorts, in low spirits, absent minded -- ಎಲ್ಲಿಯೋ ಗೇನ, ತಡಿಕ್ ಸೌಖ್ಯ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनमिल''' -- discordant, irrelavent, not connected -- ಸಂಬಂಧ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ವಿರೋಧ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''अनमोल''' -- invaluable, preview, priceless -- ಬೆಲೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनर्गल''' -- unrestrained, unboared, absurd -- ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್‌ಬೆಪ್ಪಕಯ್ಯತ '''अनर्जित''' -- unearned, without earning, idle -- ನೇಡತದ್, ಸಂಪಾದನೆ ಮಾಡತದ್ '''अनर्थ''' -- calamity, absurdity, grievous wrong, absolutely contrary meaning -- ಕೇಡ್, ಕೆಟ್ಟದ್, ಕಷ್ಟನಷ್ಟ '''अनल''' -- fire, flame, burning -- ತಿತ್ತ್ '''अनवध''' -- flawless, without a blemish, without any fault -- ತಪ್ಪಿಲ್ಲತದ್ ದೋಷಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनवधान''' -- absence of concentration, inattention, distraction, inadvertence -- ಮನಸ್‌ಡತದ್, ಎಲ್ಲಿಯೊಗೇನ '''अनवरत''' -- continous, incessant, unremitting -- ನಿಪ್ಪ್ ಚಿಡತೆ ಎಡೆಬುಡತೆ '''अनशन''' -- fast, without food, hunger -- ಪಯಿಪ್, ಕೂಳಿಲ್ಲತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣಿ '''अनहोनी''' -- the improbable, the impossible, unusual, improbable, impossible -- ಕೈಲಾಗತದ್ ಮಾಡುವಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अनाकार''' -- amorphous, shapeless, without shape -- ಆಕಾರ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनाक्रमण''' -- non-aggression, non-attack, non-captured -- ಜಗಳ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनागत''' -- future, not come, not attained, unknown -- ಮಿಂಞತ್‌ರ, ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनाचार''' -- miconduct, lasciviousness, licentiousness, immorality, malpractice, wrong doing, hence -- ಕೆಟ್ಟಚಾಲ್ ಮಾನಂಗೆಟ್ಟದ್ '''अनाज''' -- grain, corn, paddy granule -- ಕಾಳ್, ಕುರು '''अनाड़ी''' -- inexperienced, inefficient, unskilled -- ಅನುಭವ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ ಅಸಮರ್ಥ '''अनात्म''' -- non-self, something different from spirit or soul, evil spirit -- ದುಷ್ಟಶಕ್ತಿ '''अनाथ''' -- an orphan, (a) orphan, without any protector, helpless -- ತಬ್ಬ್ ಲಿ '''अनाथालय''' -- an orphanage, institution for the care of orphans, hospitality to orphans -- ದಿಕ್ಕಿಲ್ಲತಂವಂಡ ವಾಸಸ್ಥಾನ '''अनादार''' -- insult, disrespect, disregard -- ಮಾನಕೇಡ್ ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनादि''' -- having no beginning, endless, infinitive -- ಪಂಡೇತ '''अनाप - शनाप''' -- slipslop, nonsense, absurd, prattle, babble -- ರಸ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनाम''' -- nameless, anonymous, without name -- ಪೆದ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ ಅರ್ಥ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनामिका''' -- the ring finger, second finger from the bottom, second finger from last -- ಮೊಯಿರ ಬೆರ '''अनायास''' -- without effort, with ease, spontaneously, suddenly -- ನಯಿಪಿಲ್ಲತೆ, ಕಷ್ಟಪಡತೆ '''अनार''' -- a pomegranate, a fruit -- ದಾಳಿಂಬೆ ಪಣ್ಣ್ '''अनार्य''' -- a non aryan, (a) not noble, not respectable, inferior -- ಆರ್ಯ ಅಲ್ಲತಂವ, ನಲ್ಲಕುಲ ಅಲ್ಲತಂವ, ಬೆಲೆ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ '''अनावश्यक''' -- unnecessary, unimportant, unwanted -- ಬಾಂಡತದ್ '''अनावृत''' -- open, uncovered, without cap -- ತೊರ್ಂದದ್ '''अनावृष्टि''' -- drought, want of rain, dry area -- ಬರಬಾತ್, ಬರಗಾಲ '''अनाशकारी''' -- disobedient, defiant, misbehaviour -- ವಿಶ್ವಾಸ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ, ನಂಬಿಗೆ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೂ '''अनाहार''' -- without food, fasting, going without food -- ಪಟ್ಟಣಿ ಇಪ್ಪೊ '''अनाहूत''' -- uninvited, unsummoned, uncalled -- ಕಾಕತೆ ಬಪ್ಪಂವೊ '''अनिच्छा''' -- reluctance, unwillingness -- ಇಷ್ಟ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಖುಷಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनित्य''' -- transient, transitory, variable, fleeting, hence -- ಸ್ಥಿರ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''अनिंदनीय''' -- uncertain, beyond all reproach, flawless -- ನಂಬಿಗೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ, ತಪ್ಪಿಲ್ಲತ '''अनिद्य''' -- irreproachable, flawless, uncertain -- ತಪ್ಪಿಲ್ಲತ, ದೋಷಇಲ್ಲತ '''अनिद्रा''' -- insomania, sleeplessness, lack of sleep -- ಒರ್ ಕ್ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनियत''' -- indefinite, occassional, unalloted, erratic, casual -- ಎಕ್ಕೇಂಗಿ ಒಮ್ಮ, ಅಪರೂಪತ್‌ರ '''अनियमित''' -- irregular, disorderly, indefinite -- ಸೆರಿ ಬರತದ್ '''अनिर्वचनीय''' -- undesirable, ineffable -- ಕುಸಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಇಷ್ಪ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनिल''' -- air, wind, breeze -- ಗಾಳಿ, ಕಾತ್ '''अनिवार्य''' -- inevitable, unavoidable, essential, compulsory, irresis-table, obligatory, mandatory -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ಚಿಡೊಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अनिश्चय''' -- indecision, uncertainty, indefinite -- ಸರಿಯಾನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनिष्ट''' -- harm, calamity, distress -- ತೊಂದರೆ, ಕೇಡ್ '''अनी''' -- eye, point, forepeak -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ '''अनीति''' -- impropriety, inequity, high-handness -- ಸೆರಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಅನ್ಯಾಯ '''अनीश्वरवाद''' -- atheism, agnosticism, also -- ನಾಸ್ತಿಕ, ದೇವಳನಂಬತ '''अनु''' -- a prefix meaning after, afterwards, like, along, with, repeatedly, towards -- ಬೈಯ '''अनुकंपा''' -- kindness, compassion, sympathetic -- ಕರುಣೆ ಕಾಟೊ, ದಯಾ '''अनुकरण''' -- immitation, emulation, mimicry -- ಅನುಕರಣೆ '''अनुकरणीय''' -- initable, exemplary, worth emulating or imitating -- ನೋಟಿತ್ ಪಡಿಪದ್ '''अनुकूल''' -- favourable, agreeable, befitting, well disposed, comfortable -- ಅನುಕೂಲ '''अनुकृत''' -- imitated, emulated, strive to equal or excel -- ಅನುಕರಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''अनुक्रम''' -- sequence, succession, connection series -- ಒಂದಾನ ಪಿಂಞ ಒಂದ್ '''अनुगत''' -- obedient, prone to obey or follow, a follower, hence -- ವಿಧೇಯ '''अनुगमन''' -- following, self immolation, by a widow -- ಬಯ್ಯ ಪೋಪೊ '''अनुगामी''' -- a follower, following, obedient -- ಬಯ್ಯ ಪೋಪೊಂವ '''अनुगृहीत''' -- obliged, grateful, thankful -- ದಯ ಪಡಂದದ್ '''अनुग्रह''' -- obligation, kind, mercy -- ದಯೆ '''अनुचर''' -- an attendant, a hanger on, follower, also -- ಎಲ್ಲಲ್ಲಿಕೂ ಎತ್ತುವಂವೊ, ಕೂಡೆಸುತ್ತುವಂವೊ '''अनुचित''' -- improper, unbecoming, unseemly, wrong -- ಕ್ರಮ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनुच्छेद''' -- a paragraph, an article, part -- ಕಂಡಿಕೆ, ಎಳ್ತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಒರ್ ಭಾಗ '''अनुज''' -- a younger brother, younger one, smaller one -- ಎಳಿಯ ತಮ್ಮಣ '''अनुजीवी''' -- an underling, a dependent, one for whose maintenance another is responsible -- ಇನ್ನೊಬ್ಬಂಡ ತಾಬೆಲ್ ಇಪ್ಪಂವೋ '''अनुतान''' -- intonation, modulation of voice, intoning -- ಸ್ವರ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''अनुतीर्ण''' -- failed, unsuccessful, inefficient -- ನಾಪಾಸ್, ಚೋತ್‌ಪೋಪೊ '''अनुत्पादक''' -- non productive, barren, infertile -- ಉತ್ಪಾದನೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनुदान''' -- resonance, resounding, resonate -- ಸ್ವರ ಅಲೆಪಾಯೋ, ಪ್ರತಿಧ್ವನಿ '''अनुदान''' -- grant, aid, give formally -- ಅನುದಾನ '''अनुदेश''' -- instruction, to inform, give direction to -- ಅರಿವಿಕೆ, ಅರಿವಿಕೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೋ '''अनुदेशक''' -- instructor, to teach, give direction to -- ಎಣ್ಣೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪಂವೋ/ ಪಡ್‌ಪ್ ಚಿಡುವಂವೋ '''अनुनत''' -- undeveloped, undergrown, immature -- ಬೊಳಿಯತದ್, ಪೀಚೆ '''अनुनासिक''' -- nasal, nasal sound, nasal related sounds -- ಮೂಕ್‌ಲ್ ಪೊರಡುವ ಸದ್ದ್ '''अनुपम''' -- matchless, unparalled, out and away -- ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनुपयुक्त''' -- inexpedient, unfit, unsuitable -- ಸರಿಯಾಕತದ್, ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनुपयोगी''' -- useless, unavailing, wastage -- ಒಂದಾಂಗೂ ಬಾಂಡತದ್/ ಉಪಯೋಗಕ್ ಬರತದ್ '''अनुपलब्ध''' -- unachieved, unacquired, not available -- ಸಾಧನೆ ಮಾಡತದ್ '''अनुपस्थित''' -- absent, not present, one who habitually stays away -- ಗೈರ್ ಹಾಜರ್, ಹಾಜರ್ ಆಕತಂವೊ '''अनुपात''' -- proportion, proportional, equal ratio -- ಸಮ ಪಾಲ್ '''अनुपान''' -- fluid vehicle in medicine, equal ratio -- ಸಮ ಪ್ರಮಾಣ '''अनुपालन''' -- observance, adherence, maintenance -- ಬದ್ಧನಾಯಿತಿಪ್ಪೊ '''अनुपूरक''' -- supplementary, partwise, incompleted -- ಅದಿಯಾನದ್ '''अनुपूर्ति''' -- supplementation, compensation, subsidy -- ಪರಿಹಾರ '''अनुपोषण''' -- support, maintenance, hold up, to assist -- ಒತ್ತಾಸೆ ತೆಕ್ಕೋ '''अनुप्रयुक्त''' -- applied, used for a practical or utilitarian purpose, as applied art -- ಅನ್ವಯ ಆನದ್ '''अनुप्रयोग''' -- application, idea, request -- ಅರ್ಜಿ ಇಡೊ, ಮನವಿ '''अनुप्राणित''' -- imbued, inspired, informed -- ಪುರ್‌ಡ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ/ ಪುರ್‌ಡ್ ದುಂಬ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ '''अनुप्रास''' -- alliteration, agnomination, beginning of two or more words in close succession with the same sound -- ಕೂಟ್ ಶಬ್ದ '''अनुबद्ध''' -- contracted, affliated, stipulated -- ಒಪ್ಪಂದ ಆಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್/ ಒಪ್ಪಂದಕ್ ಒಳಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''अनुबंध''' -- contract, addendum, appendage, stipulation, suffix, affliation -- ಒಪ್ಪಂದ, ಒಪ್ಪಚಾರ '''अनुभव''' -- experience, observation of facts as a source of knowledge gained by contact with facts and events -- ಅನುಭವ '''अनुभाग''' -- section (of an office, etc.), particular wing, circle -- ಓರ್ ಭಾಗ '''अनुभूत''' -- tried, experienced, knowledge, skill -- ಏರ ಅನುಭವ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ '''अनुमोदित''' -- approved, agreeable, permit -- ಒತ್ತದೆ, ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್ '''अनुयायी''' -- a follower, an adherent, remain firm -- ಕೂಡೆ ಬಪ್ಪಂವೊ '''अनुरक्त''' -- attached, involve (with), fond (of) -- ಕೂಡಿತುಳ್ಳದ್, ಕೊದಿಲ್ ಕೆಣ್ಂಜದ್ '''अनुरंजन''' -- recreation, amusement, entertainment -- ಮನರಂಜನೆ/ ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ಕ್ ಖುಷಿ ಆಪಂತದ್ '''अनुराग''' -- love, affection, attachment, fondness -- ಕೊದಿ, ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ '''अनुरूप''' -- like, fit, conformable, be seeming, according to, analogous -- ಒರೇ ಪೋಲೆ ಇಪ್ಪಂತದ್ '''अनुरोध''' -- solicitation, request, entreaty -- ಕೇಟೊವೊ '''अनुर्वर''' -- infertile, sterile, barren -- ಸತ್ವ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್/ ಫಲ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनुलिपि''' -- duplicate, copy, true copy -- ಡುಪ್ಲಿಕೇಟ್ ಕಾಪಿ '''अनुलोम''' -- descending series, direct (in mathematics) -- ಇಳಿಯುವೊ '''अनुवर्तन''' -- subsequence, following, followup -- ಬಯ್ಯಬೂವೊ '''अनुवर्ती''' -- subsequent, following, hence -- ಬಯ್ಯ ಬಂದದ್ '''अनुवाद''' -- translation, repetition, interpretation -- ತರ್ಜುಮೆ '''अनुवादक''' -- a translator, interpretor, language transferer -- ತರ್ಜುಮೆ ಮಾಡುವಂವೋ '''अनुवादित''' -- translated, interpreted, repetition -- ತರ್ಜುಮೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''अनुशा''' -- permission, leave, liberty -- ಒತ್ತೋವೂ, ಅಪ್ಪಣೆ '''अनुशासक''' -- a disciplinarian, administrator, administrative head -- ಆಡಳಿತಕಾರ/ ಆಡಳಿತ ನಡ್‌ತುವಂವೊ '''अनुशासन''' -- discipline, castigation, chastisement -- ಶಿಸ್ತ್ '''अनुशीलन''' -- constant study or practice, investigation, discipline -- ಎಡಬುಡತ ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ '''अनुष्ठान''' -- ritual, ceremony, religious, performance, under taking, exercise, solemnisation -- ಆಚರಣೆ, ಕ್ರಿಯೆ '''अनुसंधान''' -- resource, investigation, to find -- ತೇಡೋ '''अनुसरण''' -- the act or process of following, pursuance -- ಎಣ್ಣನ್ನಕೆ ಮಾಡೊ '''अनुसार''' -- according to, in conformity with, as suggested -- ಒತ್ತಪೋಲೆ, ಒತ್ತಂಡ ಪೋಲೆ '''अनुसूची''' -- schedule, agenda, time -- ಕಾರ್ಯಸೂಚಿ '''अनुस्वर''' -- a lit, after sound, according to the sense of actual word sound -- ಮೂಕ್ಂಜ ಬಪ್ಪ ಸ್ವರ, ಶಬ್ದತ್‌ರ ಕೂಡ ಪೊರಡುವ ಸ್ವರ '''अनुहरण''' -- mime, mimicry, follow -- ಅನುಕರಣೆ '''अनूठा''' -- unique, unparalleled, unprece-dented -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ ದಾನದ್, ಏದ್ಂಗೂ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनूप''' -- unequalled, unparalleled, singular, out and away -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಸಾಧನೆ '''अनूपूर्ति''' -- successive, consecutive, follow -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪದ್ '''अनूभूति''' -- emotional experience, realization, sensibility -- ಖುಷಿರ ಅನುಭವ '''अनेक''' -- many, numerous, several -- ದುಂಬ '''अनैच्छिक''' -- involuntary, not deliberate, inambitious -- ಇಚ್ಚೆಪಡತದ್ '''अनैतिक''' -- immoral, depraved, abiding -- ನೀತಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनैतिहासिक''' -- unhistorical, legendary, apocryphal -- ಚರಿತ್ರೆಲ್ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अनोखा''' -- peculiar, queer, novel -- ವಿಚಿತ್ರ '''अनोखापन''' -- peculiarity, novelty, abnormality -- ವಿಚಿತ್ರ ಆನದ್ '''अनौचित्य''' -- impropriety, indecency, coar-seness -- ಬಾಂಡತ ಕಳಿ '''अनौपचारिक''' -- informal, unofficial, uncere-monious -- ನಿಯಮ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अन्न''' -- food, grain -- ಕೂಳ್ '''अन्न-जल''' -- bread and butter, substance, food and water -- ಕೂಳ್ ನೀರ್ '''अन्नदाता''' -- master, patron, benefactor, one who provides subsistence -- ಕೂಳ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪಂವೋ '''अन्य''' -- other, another, different -- ಬೋರೆ, ಇತರೆ '''अन्यतम''' -- foremost, best, most advanced, in the first place -- ಆದ್ಯ ಸ್ಥಾನ ಪಡ್ಂದ '''अन्यत्र''' -- elsewhere, in or to some other place, otherwise -- ಎಲ್ಲೆಲ್ಲಿಯೋ '''अन्यथा''' -- otherwise (a) contrary, against -- ಅಲ್ಲೇಂಗಿ, ಇಲ್ಲೇಂಗಿ '''अन्यमनस्क''' -- out of sorts, absent minded, mentally elsewhere, indisposed -- ಮೈಂದ, ಎಲ್ಲಿಯೋ ಗೇನ '''अन्याय''' -- injustice, wrong, inequity -- ತಪ್ಪ್, ಅನ್ಯಾಯ '''अन्योन्य''' -- reciprocal, in return, mutual -- ಒತ್ತೋರ್ಮ '''अन्योन्याश्रय''' -- interdependence, reciprocity, interdependent, reciprocal -- ಒತ್ತೋರ್ಮೆಲ್ ಇಪ್ಪನ್ನತದ್ '''अन्वय''' -- the natural order or sequence of words in a sentence, logical syntactical concordance of words in a sentence, logical connection of cause and effect or preparation and conclusion, lineage, hence -- ಒತ್ತ್ ಬೂವೊ '''अन्वित''' -- possessed of, possessing, joined, attended, forming, an orderly sequence, accompanied by, connected with, understood -- ಕೂಡಿತುಳ್ಳ '''अन्विश्रण''' -- investigation, thorough, microscopic examination JÉÉäVÉÒÊxÉiÉÒ MÉxÉæ |ÉÊGòªÉÉ, +x´Éää¹ÉhÉ, +xÉÖºÉxvÉÉxÉ, VÉÉÄSÉ -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪೊ '''अन्वेष''' -- exploration, enquiry, investigation -- ತನಿಖೆ/ ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪೂ '''अन्वेषित''' -- investigated, enquired, explored -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡ್‌ಚದ್ '''अप''' -- a sanskrit prefix denoting away, off, base, down, deterioration or inferiority, as an allomorph of +É{É in Hindi, it also denotes as `self` -- ವಜಾ ಎಡ್‌ಪೊ '''अपकरण''' -- misfeasance, trans-gression, misusing -- ಬಾಂಡತಾಂಗ್ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಮಾಡಿಯವೋ, ನಿಯಮ ಮೀರುವೊ '''अपकर्ष''' -- downfall, degeneration, degradation, debasement -- ಅಡಿಕ್ ಇಳಿಯೋ, ತಾರುವೊ '''अपकव''' -- unripe, raw, immature -- ಕಾಯಿ, ಪೀಚೆ, ಮುಡಿ '''अपकार''' -- harm, ill-turn, damage, disservice, wrong -- ತೊಂದರೆ, ಅಪಕಾರ '''अपकीर्ति''' -- infamy, disgrace, cause of shame -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಪೆದ '''अपंग''' -- crippled (a) maimed, diabled -- ಊನ, ಊನವುಳ್ಳ '''अपगति''' -- downfall, degeneration, misfortune -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಹಣೆಬರಹ, ಪಾಳ್ ನಸೀಪ್ '''अपच''' -- indigestion, dyspepsia, dyspeptic -- ಅರಗಣೆ ಇಲ್ಲತಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''अपचय''' -- reduction, catabolism, exemption -- ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಾಡೊ '''अपचार''' -- evil dead, aberration, wandering -- ಬಾಂಡತ ಪಣಿ, ಕೆಟ್ಟಚಾಲ್, ಕೇಡ್‌ಕಳಿ '''अपटु''' -- inefficient, incompetent, lacking skill -- ಅಸಮರ್ಥ, ಅರಿಯತಂವೊ '''अपठित''' -- unread, uneducated, illiterate -- ವಿದ್ಯೆ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ, ಎಳ್ತ್ ಪಡಿಕತಂವೊ '''अपथ्य''' -- insalubrious, unwholesome, unhealthy -- ಖುಷಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ತಡಿಕ್ ಪೊಂರ್ದತ '''अपदस्थ''' -- deposed, dismissed, relieved of one's post -- ವಜಾ ಮಾಡೊ/ ಕೆಲ್ಸತಿಂದ ಎಡ್‌ಪೊ '''अपदार्थ''' -- insignificant, petty, without any importance -- ಮುಖ್ಯ ಅಲ್ಲತದ್, ಚಿಲ್ಲರೆ ವಿಚಾರ '''अपना''' -- one's own, retaining to oneself, on his own -- ತಾಂಡ ಸ್ವಂತ '''अपनाना''' -- to own, to adopt, to appropriate -- ಸ್ವಾಧೀನಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ತೋವೊ, ತಾಂಡದಾಕಿಯವ '''अपभ्रंश''' -- corrupt form of a word, corruption, one of the middle indo-aryan languages -- ಶಬ್ದತ್‌ನ ತಪ್ಪ್ ಎಣ್ಣುವೊ '''अपमान''' -- insult, disgrace, affront -- ಹಿಯಾಳ್‌ಚಿಡೊ, ಮಾನಂಗೆಡ್ ತುವೊ '''अपमानित''' -- insultees, disgraced, scornful abuse -- ತಿರಸ್ಕಾರಕ್ ಒಳಪಟ್ಟಂವ,ಮಾನಕಳಂದಂಡಂವೊ '''अपमृत्यु''' -- accidental, unnatural death, unexpected death -- ಆಕಸ್ಮಿಕ ಚಾವು '''अपयश''' -- ill repute, disrepute, infamy -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಕೇಳಿ, ಕೆಟ್ಟಪೆದ '''अपर''' -- other, another, different, latter, following, inferior -- ಬೋರೆ, ಇಂಞೊಂದ್, ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ '''अपरंपार''' -- boundless, infinite, extremely -- ಮಿತಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अपराजित''' -- unconquered, unvanquished -- ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಪಡೆತತದ್, ಗೆಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अपराध''' -- crime, offence, fault, guilt -- ಅಪರಾಧ, ತಪ್ಪು '''अपराधी''' -- a criminal, guilty, offending, offender -- ಅಪರಾಧಿ, ತಪ್ಪಿತಸ್ತ '''अपराहान''' -- afternoon, post midday, midday -- ಮಜ್ಜಾಣ, ಮಜ್ಜಣತ್ ರ ಮೀದ '''अपरिग्रह''' -- renuciation, possession-lessness, the state of being without any belongings -- ತ್ಯಾಗ, ಎಲ್ಲಾಬುಟ್ಟಂವೊ '''अपरिचित''' -- un acquainted, a stranger, alien, unknown -- ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತಂವೊ, ಪರಿಚಯಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ '''अपरिपक्व''' -- immature, unmatured, unrefined -- ಪೀಚೆ, ಬೊಳಿಯತದ್ '''अपरिष्कार''' -- nonrefinement, crudeness, immature -- ಅಸಭ್ಯತೆ, ತೆಳಿಯಾಡ್ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''अपरिष्कृत''' -- unrefined, crude, not settled -- ತೆಳ್ಂಗತ, ಪೈಮೂಡ '''अपरोक्ष''' -- indirect, invisible, intangible -- ಬಳ್‌ಸಿತ್, ನೇರೆ ಅಲ್ಲತ '''अपरोप्ति''' -- inadequate, insufficient, deficient -- ಎತ್ತತೆ ಆಪದ್, ಎತ್ತತೆ ಆನದ್, ಪೋರತಾನದ್ '''अपलक''' -- without a wink, blink, unwinking, unblinking -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಮಿಚ್‌ಕ್‌ಚಿಡತೆ, ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಚಿಮ್ಮತೆ '''अपल्य''' -- an off spring, child -- ಕುಂಞ , ಸಂತಾನ '''अपवाद''' -- exception, slander, calumny -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಪೆದ, ವಿನಾಯಿತಿ '''अपवित्र''' -- unholy, impure, desecrated, profane -- ಪವಿತ್ರ ಅಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अपव्यय''' -- wastefulness, extravagant, expenditure, squandering -- ನಿರ್‌ಕ್ ಇಲ್ಲತ ಖರ್ಚ್, ದಂದ್ರಾಳತನ '''अपव्ययी''' -- a squanderer, wasteful, extravagant -- ನಿರ್‌ಕ್ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಖರ್ಚ್ ಮಾಡುವಂವ, ದಂದ್ರಾಳತನತ್ ರಂವೊ '''अपशकुन''' -- ill, bad omen, inauspicious omen, an occurrence or event, portending evil -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಶಕುನ '''अपशब्द''' -- an abuse, an abusive language or word, a vulgar word -- ಬೈವೊ, ಬೈಗಳ '''अपसरण''' -- divergence, conflict, bifurcate -- ಬೋರೆ ಆಪೊ, ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡೊ '''अपस्मार''' -- epilepsy, eclampsia, disease in which the sufferer falls down in a fit -- ಬೂವೊ ಕಾಯಿಲ/ ಸೊಯ ತಪ್ಪಿತ್ ಬೂವೊ ಕಾಯಿಲ '''अपस्वर''' -- discordant, difference, absence of concord -- ಪಾಳ್ ತಕ್ಕ್, ಕೆಟ್ಟ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''अपहरण''' -- abduction, kidnapping, usurpation -- ಪಾರ್‌ಜಿಟಂಡ್ ಪೋಪೊ/ ಒತ್ತಾಯತ್ ಪೋಪ, ಬಲ್ ಚಂಡ್ ಪೋಪ '''अपहर्ता''' -- abductor, kidnapper, carry off -- ಪಾರ್‌ಜಿಟಂಡ್ ಪೋಪೊವಂ/ ಒತ್ತಾಯತ್ ಕೂಟಿಯಂಡ್ ಪೋಪಂವೊ '''अपह्मत''' -- abducted, kidnapped, usurped -- ಬಲ್ ಚಂಡ್ ಪೋನಂವೊ '''अपांग''' -- the outer corner of the eye, crippled (a), handicapped -- ಅಂಗ ಊನ, ಕಣ್ಣ್ ರ ಮೂಲೆ '''अपादान''' -- the ablative case, Latin case of nouns, primarily meaning away from -- ಪಂಚಮಿ ವಿಭಕ್ತಿ, ಗುಂಡ್ (ಅಂವನಗುಂಡ್) '''अपादिज''' -- a crippled, disabled, handicapped -- ಅಂಗ ಊನ ಆನ '''अपार''' -- boundless, shore less, immense -- ದುಂಬ, ಮಿತಿಇಲ್ಲತ '''अपितु''' -- but, on the other hand, yet, still -- ಆಚೇಂಗಿ, ಇಂಞೋರ್ ಬರಿಲ್, '''अपील''' -- an appeal, make earnest request, refer to -- ಕೇಟೊವೊ, ಬೋಡಿಯೋವೊ '''अपूर्ण''' -- incomplete, unfinished, imperfect, deficient -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಆಕತದ್, ಅರೆಲ್ ನಿಂದ್ ಪೋನದ್ '''अपूर्व''' -- unprecedented, novel, unique -- ವಿಶೇಷ ಆನದೆ/ಖನಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''अपेक्षा''' -- requirement, expectation, in comparision with -- ಅವಶ್ಯಕತೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಬೋಂಡಿಯದ್ '''अपेक्षाकृत''' -- comparatively, in utmost be compared, not absolute, relative -- ಹೋಲ್ ಚಿಟಿತ್ ನೋಟೊ '''अपेक्षित''' -- expected, requisite, hopeful -- ನಿರೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''अपौक्ष्षेध''' -- divine, not achieved by or belonging to human being -- ದೇವಶಕ್ತಿ '''अप्रकाशित''' -- unpublished, unexposed, undisclosed -- ಪೊರಬೂವತದ್, ಬೊಳಕ್ ಬಕ್ಕತದ್ '''अप्रकाश्य''' -- unworthy of or unfit for publication or disclosure -- ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆಕ್ ಯೋಗ್ಯ ಅಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अप्रकृत''' -- abnormal, unnatural, hence -- ತಾರಾಮಾರ, ಅದಿಯಾನಕಳಿ, ಅದಿಮದಿರ '''अप्रचलित''' -- obsolete, out of currency, out of date, antidated -- ದಿನ ಕಯಿಂಜಿ ಪೋನದ್, ಪಳಿಯದ್ '''अप्रतिम''' -- matchless, unique, out and away -- ವಿಶೇಷ ಆನದ್/ ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ, ಸೆರಿತೂಂಗತದ್ '''अप्रतिष्ठा''' -- disgrace, disrepute, ignominy -- ಞಾಣಕೇಡ್ '''अप्रत्यक्ष''' -- inapparent, invisible, indirect -- ಕಾಂಗತೆ ಆಪದ್ '''अप्रत्यथ''' -- lack of conviction or faith, disbelief -- ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಕಳ್ಂದಂಡವ '''अप्रत्याशित''' -- unexpected, sudden -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡತೆ ಒಪ್ಪದ್ '''अप्रसन्न''' -- unhappy, displeasure -- ಬೇಜಾರತ್ ಇಪ್ಪೊ '''अप्रसिद्ध''' -- not celebrated, obscure, little known -- ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಅಲ್ಲತ, ಕೇಳಿ ನೇಡತ '''अप्रस्तुत''' -- indirect, accidental or extraneous, not principal, not being main subject matter, irrelevant -- ಸಂಬಂಧ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अप्राकृतिक''' -- unnatural, abnormal, uncommon -- ಅಸ್ವಾಭಾವಿಕ '''अप्राप्त''' -- unobtained, unachieved, unacquired -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟತ್ತಿಪ್ಪೊ, ದಕ್ಕತದ್ '''अप्रामाणिक''' -- unauthoritative, inauthentic, lack, absence of authenticity, or genuineness -- ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕತೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ನಂಬುವಕ್ ಕಯ್ಯತ '''अप्रासंगिक''' -- irrelevant, out of context, not connected -- ಸಂಬಂಧ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अप्रिय''' -- unpleasent, disagreeble, offensive -- ಮನಸ್ಸ್ ಕ್ ಖುಷಿ ಆಕತದ್ '''अप्रैल''' -- the month of April in English calender -- ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ ತಿಂಗ '''अप्सरा''' -- a celestial damsel, fairy, nymph -- ದೇವಲೋಕತ್‌ರ ಕನ್ನೆ '''अप्सरा''' -- a celestial damsel, fairy, nymph -- ಮೋಹಿನಿ '''अफवाह''' -- a rumour -- ಸುದ್ಧಿ ಪಬ್ಬ್ ಚಿಡೊ, ಲೊ ಪಳಮೆ '''अफ़सर''' -- an officer, head of the govt. office, govt. official -- ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ, ಸರ್ಕಾರಿ ನೌಕರ '''अफसोस''' -- sorrow, grief, pain -- ಬ್ಯೇಜರಾ, ದುಃಖ '''अफ़ीम''' -- opium, to be stupidly incoherent, to be foolishly irrelevant -- ಅಪೀಮ್ '''अब''' -- now, recent, present -- ಪುದಿಯ, ಇಕ್ಕಾಯಿತ್ '''अबद्ध''' -- varied, not in bondage, free -- ತರಾವರಿ, ಬದಲಾನದ್ '''अंबर''' -- the sky, cloth, clothes, garment, umber -- ಆಕಾಸ, ಬಾಣ, ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ತುಣಿ '''अबरक''' -- mica, mineral, mines -- (ಗಣಿ) ಕಾಕೆಪೊನ್ನ್ '''अबरी''' -- marble paper, variegated -- ಉಪ್ಪ್ ಕಾಗದ, ತರತರರಂಗ್ ರ ಕಾಗದ '''अबला''' -- a member of the weaker-sex-a woman, helpless women -- ಸಹಾಯ ಇಲ್ಲತವ '''अबाध''' -- without restraint, free, smooth -- ತಡೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''अबाधित''' -- un restricted, unrestrained, smooth -- ಅಡೆತಡೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''अबाबील''' -- a swallow, throat, digestive tract -- ಮುಗ್ಗುವ,ತೊಂಡೆ '''अंबिथा''' -- a small unripe mango -- ಮುಡಿ ಮಾಂಗೆ '''अंबु''' -- water -- ನೀರ್ '''अबे''' -- a form of address expressive of disrespect or intimate relationship, you fellow -- ಏಯ್ '''अबोध''' -- innocent, ignorant, unknown -- ಪಾಪತ್‌ರ, ಒಂದೂ ಅರಿಯತ '''अब्द''' -- an year, cloud, sky -- ಒರ್ ಕಾಲ, ಮೋಡ, ಆಕಾಶ '''अब्धि''' -- a sea, an ocean, water pond -- ಸಮುದ್ರ, ಕಡ '''अब्बा''' -- father, dad, guardian -- ಅಪ್ಪ '''अभंग''' -- unbroken, unimpaired -- ಪೊಟ್ಟತದ್/ ಒಡಿಯತದ್ '''अभद्र''' -- indecent, indecorous, inauspicious -- ಅಶುಬ, ಅಯೋಗ್ಯ '''अभय''' -- an assurance of safety or protection, fearlessness -- ಧೈರ್ಯ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''अभागा''' -- unfortunate, accursed, unlucky, ill-starred -- ಅದೃಷ್ಟ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ/ ಪಾಳಾನಂವೋ, ದೆಸೆಗೆಟ್ಟಂವೊ '''अभि''' -- a sanskrit prefix denoting towards, near, over, above, repeated, excessive, etc. -- ಪಕ್ಕ, ಅಲ್ಲಿ, ಆಬರಿ ಮೇಲೆ '''अभिकर्ता''' -- an agent, repre-sentative, dealing assistant -- ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಚಿಡುವಂವೊ '''अभिचारक''' -- one who practices incantation, a conjurer -- ಮೋಡಿಗಾರ '''अभिजात''' -- aristocratic, wellborn, classic -- ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ ಒಕ್ಕತ್ ಪುಟ್ಟ್ ನ '''अभिज्ञ''' -- well conversant (with) knowing all (about something) -- ಎಲ್ಲ್ಲಾ ಪಡ್‌ಚಂವ/ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ '''अभिज्ञान''' -- recognition, identities, remembrance -- ಗುರ್‌ತ್‌ಚಿಡೊ '''अभिधान''' -- a name, noun, nomenclature -- ಪೆದ '''अभिधेय''' -- literal meaning facts, descriptive meaning -- ವಿವರವಾನ ಅರ್ಥ '''अभिनंदन''' -- greeting, reception, a ceremonious, welcome applause -- ಹೊಗಳಿಕೆಕ್ ಯೋಗ್ಯ ಆನ, ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆ '''अभिनय''' -- acting, performing imitation (on the stage) -- ನಟನೆ '''अभिनव''' -- novel, new, recent -- ಪುದಿಯ '''अभिनिवेश''' -- concentration, delibe-ration, perseverance -- ಮನಸ್‌ಡ್ '''अभिनीत''' -- staged, enacted -- ನಟನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''अभिनेता''' -- an actor -- ನಟನೆಕಾರ '''अभिनेत्री''' -- an actress -- ನಟನೆಕಾರ್ತಿ '''अभिन्न''' -- identical, not different, close, intimate, integral -- ಒರೆ ತರತ್‌ರದ್ '''अभिप्राय''' -- intention, implication, purport, design, import, purpose -- ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''अभिप्रेत''' -- intended, implied, designed -- ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''अभिप्रेरण''' -- motivation, also, aim -- ಪುರ್‌ಡ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''अभिभव''' -- defect, onslaught, attack -- ಊನ, ಮೇಲೆ ಬೂವೊ '''अभिभावक''' -- a guardian, custodian, protector -- ಪೋಷಕ, ಚಾಕುವಂವೊ '''अभिभूत''' -- overwhelmed, overpowered, overawed -- ಮಿತಿಮಿರ್ ನ '''अभिमत''' -- favourite, desired, an opinion -- ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ, ಮೆಚ್ಚ್ ನ '''अभिमान''' -- pride, vanity, arrogance -- ಬಡಾಯಿ, ಗರ್ವ '''अभिमानी''' -- proud, vainglorious, arrogant -- ಗರ್ವಿಷ್ಟ, ಬಡಾಯಿಗಾರ '''अभिमुख''' -- directed towards, facing disposed to, intending to -- ಆ ಬರಿ '''अभियान''' -- a compaign, an expedition -- ಪ್ರಚಾರ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''अभियुक्त''' -- accused, allegations, changes -- ಅಪರಾಧಿ '''अभियोक्ता''' -- an accuser, case maker, change frames -- ಕೇಸ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ತಂವೊ, ಪುಕಾರ ಕೊಡ್‌ತಂವೊ '''अभियोग''' -- accusation, charge, lawsuit, case, indictment -- ಆರೋಪಣೆ '''अभिरक्षक''' -- a custodians, guardian, protector -- ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಾಡುವಂವೊ '''अभिराम''' -- beautiful, lovely, delightful -- ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳ '''अभिरुचि''' -- taste, liking, ambition -- ಇಚ್ಚೆ '''अभिलाषित''' -- cherished, desired, longed for -- ಇಚ್ಛೆ, ಇಷ್ಟ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''अभिलेख''' -- a record, transcript duplicator -- ದಾಖಲೆ ಮಾಡ್ ನ '''अभिलेखन''' -- placing on record, making a record of, transcription -- ದಾಖಲಾತಿ, ದಾಖಲೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''अभिवचन''' -- plea, affirmation -- ನೆಪ, ಹೇಳಿಕೆ '''अभिवादन''' -- deferential saluation greeting -- ಕೈನೇತಿತ್ ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''अभिवृद्धि''' -- prosperity, development, progress -- ಬೊಳ್‌ಚೆ '''अभिशप्त''' -- cursed, accursed, sin -- ಶಾಪಕ್ ಒಳಪಟ್ಟ '''अभिशाप''' -- a curse, allegation, offence -- ಶಾಪ '''अभिषेक''' -- inaugurating, or conse-crating, worshiping -- ಅಭಿಷೇಕ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಮೂರ್ತಮಾಡುವೊ '''अभिसमय''' -- a convention (written agreement) undertaking -- ಎಳ್‌ತ್‌ರ ಒಪ್ಪಂದ '''अभिसरण''' -- going towards a point for meeting, rendezvous, convergence -- ಕೂಡಂಡಿಯ ಜಾಗಕ್ ಪೋಪ '''अभिसारी''' -- convergent -- ಕೂಡುವ ಜಾಗ '''अभिहित''' -- named, designated, called -- ಪೆದ ಇಟ್ಟದ್ '''अभी''' -- just now, this moment, present -- ಇಕ್ಕ, ಇಕ್ಕಾಯಿತ್ '''अभीप्सित''' -- desired, wished for, cherished -- ಇಚ್ಚೆ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''अभीष्ट''' -- desired, cherished, choice -- ಮೆಚ್ಚ್ ನದ್ '''अभूतपूर्व''' -- unprecedented, never existed before -- ಮಿಂಞ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अभेघ''' -- indivisible, indistinguishable, impenetrable -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡೊಕೆ ಆಕತದ್ '''अभेद''' -- identity, oneness -- ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿತ್ವ, ಓರೇತರ '''अभोग्य''' -- forbidden, unworthy of being enjoyed or used -- ಆಗಾಂದ್ ತಿರ್ ಚಿ ಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''अभ्यंतर''' -- interior, inside -- ಮೂಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟ್ '''अभ्यर्थना''' -- welcome, reception, supplication, request -- ತಕ್ಕಾರ ಬೈಂದವ, ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆ '''अभ्यर्थी''' -- a welcome, suppliant, candidate -- ಅಭ್ಯರ್ಥಿ, ಬೋಡಿಯವೊ '''अभ्यर्पण''' -- surrender -- ತಗ್ಗಿತ್/ ಬಗ್ಗಿತ್/ ತಾಂದಿತ್ ಒಪ್ಪೊ '''अभ्यस्त''' -- accustomed, habituated, habitual, trained, skilled -- ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ, ವಾಡಿಕೆರ '''अभ्याक्रमण''' -- assail, attack -- ಮೇಲೆ ಬೂವೊ '''अभ्यागत''' -- a guest, visitor -- ಬೆಂದು '''अभ्यारोपण''' -- indictment -- ತಪ್ಪು ಪೊರ್ ಪ್‌ಚಿರುವೊ '''अभ्यास''' -- practice, exercise, habituation -- ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ '''अभ्युत्थान''' -- rise, rising, elevation -- ಏವೊ, ನೇರುವ '''अभ्युदय''' -- rise, rising, elevation -- ಮಂಡೆನೇತುವೊ, ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪ '''अमंगल''' -- in auspiciousness, evil, disaster -- ಕೆಟ್ಟದ್, ದರಿದ್ರ ಪುಡಿಪದ್ '''अमचूर''' -- dried, mango parings -- ಒಣಕ್ ಮಾಂಗೆ ತುಂಡ್ '''अमर''' -- immortal, eternal, undying -- ಶಾಶ್ವತ '''अमर''' -- deathless, without any death, alive for ever -- ಚಾವತಂತದ್, ಚಾವು ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अमरूद''' -- guava -- ಕಾಯಿ, ಕಲ್ಲಂದಿಕಾಯಿ '''अमर्त्य''' -- immortal, deathlessness, eternal -- ಶಾಶ್ವತ, ಚಾವು ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अमल''' -- action, execution, application, addiction -- ಕ್ರಮ ಎಡ್‌ಪೊ '''अमला''' -- staff, paraphernalia, employer -- ಕೆಲಸಕಾರ, ಪಣಿಕಾರ '''अमली''' -- a practical, an addict -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಅಭ್ಯಾಸತ್‌ರ ಗುಲಾಮ '''अमात्य''' -- minister, a caste of Newar in Nepal -- ಮಂತ್ರಿ,ನೇಪಾಳತುಳ್ಲೋರ್ ಜನಾಂಗ '''अमान''' -- peace, tranquility -- ಶಾಂತಿ '''अमानक''' -- nonstandard, below standard, not conforming to the prescribed standard -- ಕೇಳ್ ಮಟ್ಟ, ಕಮ್ಮಿತರ '''अमानत''' -- something given in trust, a deposit -- ನಂಬಿಕೆಲ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''अमानी''' -- casual labour -- ಕಾಯಂಆಳ್ '''अमानुषिक''' -- in human, greatly cruel -- ಮನುಷ್ಯತ್ವ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ, ಕ್ರೂರಿ '''अमान्य''' -- unacceptable, not respectable, invalid -- ಬೆಲೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಒತ್ತವಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''अमालनामा''' -- a dossier, antecedent -- ಪಳಿಯ ಧಾಖಲೆರಕೆಟ್ಟ್ '''अमावट''' -- dried juice of ripe mango formed into cakes -- ಒಣಂಗ್ ನ ಮಾಂಗೆರ ರಸತ್‌ರ ತೀನಿ '''अमावस्या''' -- the last day of the dark fortnight -- ಕರ್ತಬಾವು '''अमिट''' -- indelible, ineffaceable, indestructible -- ಮಾಜತದ್ '''अमित''' -- immeasurable, boundless, immense, enormous -- ಅಳತೆ ಮಾಡುವಕ್ ಕಯ್ಯತದ್, ದುಂಬ '''अमिताभ''' -- possessing unlimited brilliance, a name of lord Buddha -- ದುಂಬ ಬುದ್ಧಿಯುಳ್ಳ, ಬುದ್ಧದೇವಂಡ ಓರ್ ಪೆದ '''अमिश्रित''' -- unmixed, unadulterated, pure -- ಮೇಕತದ್ '''अमीन''' -- a junior officer appointed for land survey and revenue collection -- ಅಮಿನ '''अमीर''' -- rich, wealthy, a richman -- ಪಣಕಾರ '''अमीरी''' -- richness, wealth -- ಸಂಪತ್ತ್ '''अमुक''' -- such & seen, so and so -- ಇಂತಿಂತದ್ '''अमूर्त''' -- abstract, intangible, incorporeal -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕ್ ಕಾಂಗತದ್ '''अमूल्य''' -- priceless, valuable, precious -- ದುಂಬಾ ಬೆಲೆರ '''अमृत''' -- nectar -- ಅಮೃತ '''अमोघ''' -- infallible, unfailing, unerring -- ತಪ್ಪಿ ಪೋಗತಂತದ್ '''अमौलिक''' -- not original, not fundamental, secondary -- ಮೂಲ ಅಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अम्माँ''' -- mother -- ಅವ್ವ '''अम्ल''' -- acid, (a) sour -- ಪುಳಿ, ಯಾಸಿಡ್ '''अम्लान''' -- unwithered, bright, fresh -- ಒಣಂಗತದ್ '''अयत''' -- uncontrolled, immoderate -- ಪುಡಿಪಕ್ ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟತದ್ '''अयथा''' -- otherwise, not as it should be -- ಅಲ್ಲೇಂಗಿ '''अयथार्थ''' -- unreal, false, virtual -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ್, ನೇರಾನದ್ ಅಲ್ಲ '''अयश''' -- disgrace, infamy, thankless -- ಅವಮಾನ, ಞಾಣಕೇಡ್ '''अयाचित''' -- unsolicited, unasked for -- ಬೋಡತೆ '''अयुक्त''' -- incompatible, illogical, absurd -- ಅರ್ಥ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अयुक्ति''' -- irrationality, senseless -- ಕಾರಣ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್/ ಸೊಯ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अयोग्य''' -- incompetent, unworthy, unqualified, unfit -- ಸಾಮರ್ಥಿಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''अयोग्यता''' -- state of being unfit, disqualification, inability -- ಯೋಗ್ಯ ಅಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अर''' -- a spoke, ray -- ಕಿರಣ '''अरक्षित''' -- insecure, unprotected, not defended -- ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अरगनी''' -- clothesline, a rope wire or bamboo used for hanging clothes on -- ನ್ಯಾಲೆ, ನೇಲೆಕೇರ್ '''अरंडी''' -- castrol oil or plant -- ಆಣ್‌ಕಣ್ಣೆ '''अरण्य''' -- forest, wilderness, greenery -- ಕಾಡ್, ಬಾಂಗಾಡ್ '''अरब''' -- a thousand million, Arab country -- ಆಯಿರ ಮಿಲಿಯನ್, ಅರಬಿ ದೇಶ '''अरबी''' -- Arabic language -- ಅರಬಿ ಭಾಷೆ '''अरमान''' -- aspiration, longing -- ಒತ್ತಾಸೆ, ಆಸೆ '''अरविंद''' -- lotus flower -- ತಾವರೆ ಪೂ '''अरवी''' -- a kind of taro, a kind of tropical plant of arum family with root used as food -- ಓರ್ ಜಾತಿ ಗಿಡ '''अरसठ''' -- sixty eight -- ಅರ್‌ವತ್ತೆಟ್ಟ್/ ಅರ್‌ವತ್ತ ಎಟ್ಟ್ '''अरसा''' -- period, duration, interval -- ಕಾಲ/ ಸಮಯ '''अरसिक''' -- dry, prosaic, inaesthetic -- ರಸಿಕನಲ್ಲತ, ಐಲಾಟ ಅರಿಯತ '''अरहर''' -- pigeon, a kind of cereal or pulse -- ತೋರಿಬೇಳೆ '''अराजकता''' -- anarchy, choas -- ಅರಾಜಕತೆ, ರಾಜನೇ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''अरि''' -- an enemy, a hostile person -- ಶತ್ರು '''अरिष्ट''' -- embodying misfortune, disastrous, mis-fortune, disaster -- ನಾಶ, ಶುಭಅಲ್ಲತ, ದುರ್ಭಾಗ್ಯ '''अरीय''' -- radial, spokes, light -- ಕಿರಣ '''अरुचि''' -- dislike, aversion, disaster -- ಇಷ್ಟ ಪಡತದ್, ಖುಷಿ ಪಡತದ್, ರಸಇಲ್ಲತ '''अरुण''' -- reddish, brown, ruddy -- ಚೋಂದದ್ '''अरुण शिखा''' -- a clock -- ಗಡಿಯಾರ '''अरुणोदय''' -- day break early dawn -- ಪೊಲಂಜತಿಕ್, ಸೂರ್ಯಉದಿಪ '''अरुप''' -- formless -- ಆಕಾರ ಪಡತದ್, ರೂಪ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अरे''' -- o! form of address -- ಓ, ಅಯ್ಯೋ '''अरोचक''' -- uninteresting, boring -- ಬೇಜಾರ್, ಆಸಕ್ತಿ ಪಡತದ್, ಇಷ್ಟಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अर्क''' -- essence, extract, purified -- ಸಾರಾಂಶ, ಗಮನ '''अर्गला''' -- a log for fastening a door, draw bar -- ತಾಳ '''अर्घ''' -- libation (in honour of a deity), value, price -- ಮೀದಿ '''अर्चन''' -- worship, adoration, sacrifice -- ಪೂಜೆ '''अर्ज''' -- request, supplication, width -- ಬೋಡಿಯವ, ಕೇಟವ '''अर्जन''' -- acquisition, earning -- ವಶ ಪಡೆತಿಯವ/ವಶಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ತವ '''अर्जी''' -- on application, petition, prayer -- ಅರ್ಜಿ '''अर्थ''' -- meaning, import, sense, wealth, money, for, for the sake of -- ಅರ್ಥ '''अर्थक्रिया''' -- pragmatism -- ವಾಸ್ತವ, ಉಳ್ಳಸಂಗತಿ '''अर्थदंड''' -- a fine, penalty, punishment -- ದಂಡ, ತಪ್ಪುಪಣ '''अर्थवादी''' -- epideictic, eulogist -- ಹೊಗಳುವಂವೊ '''अर्थविज्ञान''' -- semantics -- ಭಾಷಾ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''अर्थव्यवस्था''' -- economy, economics, economic setup, system -- ಆರ್ಥಿಕತೆ/ ಸಂಪತ್ತ್ '''अर्थशास्त्र''' -- economics -- ಸಂಪತ್‌ಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''अर्थशास्त्री''' -- an economist -- ಅರ್ಥಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞ '''अर्थहीन''' -- meaningless, absurd, meaningless -- ಅರ್ಥ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अर्थात्''' -- that is, that is to say, namely -- ಎಣ್ಣ್ ಚೇಂಗಿ, ಎಣ್ಣ್ ನ್ನಕೆ '''अर्थी''' -- a bier, (nm) a petitioner, (a) desirous, suppliant -- ವಾದಿ '''अर्दली''' -- an orderly, attendant, peon -- ಪಾರಕಾಪ ಆಳ್ '''अर्ध''' -- semi-demi, half, moiety -- ಪಾದಿ, ಅರೆ '''अर्धचन्द्र''' -- crescent, halfmoon -- ಬುಟ್ಟಿ ನೆಲ್‌ಚಿ, ಅರೆಚಂದ್ರ '''अर्धनारीश्वर''' -- lord Shiva as envisaged in fusion with goodess Parvathi -- ಅರೆನಾರೀಶ್ವರ '''अर्धवृत्त''' -- semicircle, half circle -- ಪಾದಿ ಉರ್‌ಟ್ '''अर्धसाप्ताहिक''' -- biweekly, semiweekly -- ಅರೆವಾರ, ವಾರಕ್ ದಂಡ್ ಕುರಿ '''अर्धांगिनी''' -- wife, better half -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''अर्पण''' -- an offering, surrender, assignment, cession -- ಒಪ್ಪ್ ಚಿಡುವ '''अर्श''' -- haemorrhoids, sky, heaven -- ಮೂಲವ್ಯಾಧಿ, ಬಾಣ, ಸ್ವರ್ಗ '''अर्ह''' -- qualified, competent, capable -- ಅರ್ಹ, ಸಮರ್ಥ '''अलंकार''' -- embellishment, ornament, figure of speech -- ಅಲಂಕಾರ, ಮಾಲ್ '''अलग''' -- separate, a part, aloof, distinct -- ಬೋರೆ '''अलबम''' -- an album -- ಆಲ್‌ಬಮ್ '''अलमारी''' -- an almirah, a cupboard -- ಆಲ್ ಮರಪೊಟ್ಟಿ, ಗೋಡೆ ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ '''अलिखित''' -- unwritten, unrecorded, unscripted -- ಎಳ್‌ದತದ್ '''अवकाश''' -- leisure, leave of absence, sendoff -- ಪುರುಸತ್, ಆಯಿಚಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''अवगत''' -- apprised, informed, explained -- ಅರಿವಿಕೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ,ಅರಿಚಿಡುವ '''अवलोकनार्थ''' -- for persual, for being seen -- ಅವ್‌ಗಾಹನೆಕ್ '''अंश''' -- part, share, division, fragment, ingredient, contribution, numerator (of a fraction), degree, in linguistics an element -- ಅಂಶ ಇಪ್ಪದ್, ಪಾಲ್, ಭಾಗ, ಚೂರ್ '''अंशतः''' -- partly, partially, onesided क्रि.वि) -- ಭಾಗ, ಚೂರ್ ಓರ್‌ಬರಿಯ '''अंशाक''' -- a degree, number -- ಅಂಕೆ '''अश्व''' -- a horse -- ಕುದರೆ '''असत्य''' -- a lie, falsehood, untruth -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ್ '''असभ्य''' -- uncivilized, uncivil, discourteous, indecent -- ಅಸಭ್ಯ '''अस्पष्ट''' -- not clear, indistinct, vague -- ಸರಿಕಾಂಗತದ್, ಸರಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''अस्वीकार''' -- non acceptance, rejection, refusal, denial -- ಒತ್ತೊವತದ್ '''अहं''' -- ego, proud -- ಗತ್ತ್ '''अहिंसा''' -- non-violence -- ಅಹಿಂಸೆ '''अहोरात्र''' -- day and night -- ಇರ್‌ಪೋಲ್ '''आ''' -- the second vowel of the Nagari alphabet its sound resembles that of a is a father -- ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆರ ದಂಡನೇ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''आइंदा''' -- afterwards, in future, again -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ '''आकंठ''' -- brimming, brimful, the edge of a cup or hollow or tunnel -- ದುಂಬಿತ್ ತುಳುಕುವೊ '''आँकडे''' -- figures, data, statistics -- ಅಂಕಿ ಅಂಶ '''आँकना''' -- to access, to reckon, to evaluate, to apprise, to mark -- ಗಮನಕ್ ಎಡ್ತಾಪ '''आकर्षक''' -- attractive, able to attract, pleasing in appearance or effect, having the ability to draw towards itself by unseen force, the attracting force of a magnet -- ಆಕರ್ಷಕ '''आकर्षण''' -- attraction, charm, allurement -- ಚಾಯಿ, ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ '''आकर्षण शक्ति''' -- force of attraction, gravitity, sex appeal -- ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆರ ಬಲ '''आकलना''' -- estimation, evaluation, assessment -- ಅಂದಾಜ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''आकलित''' -- estimated, to assess, a judgement of thing's approximate value or amount etc -- ಅಂದಾಜ್ ಮಾಡ್ನದ್ '''आकस्मिक''' -- accidental, sudden, happening or done all of a sudden -- ಅಕಾಸ್ಮಾತ್ '''आकस्मिक छुट्टी''' -- casual leave, happening by chance, a casual leave, accidentally using leave -- ಆಕಸ್ಮಿಕ ರಜೆ '''आकस्मिक भूकंप''' -- sudden earthquake, accidental earthquake, unexpected earthquake -- ಅಕಸ್ಮಾತ್ ಭೂಕಂಪ '''आकस्मिकता''' -- suddeness, contingency, accidentally -- ಒಮ್ಮೆಲೆ, ಒಮ್ಮಕೆ '''आकस्मिकतावश''' -- accidentalism, casualness, happening by sudden, a accidentalism -- ಒಮ್ಮಕೇ ಬಪ್ಪಂತದ್ '''आका''' -- master, god, lord -- ದೇವ '''आकांक्षा''' -- aspiration, aspire, strong desire -- ದುಂಬ ಆಸೆ '''आकांक्षित''' -- aspired, to have a high ambition, aspirating -- ದುಂಬ ಆಸೆ ಪಡುವೊ '''आकांक्षी''' -- aspirant, a person who aspires to something, with high expectation -- ದುಂಬ ಆಸೆ ಪಡುವಂವೊ '''आकार''' -- size, shape, sound -- ಸದ್ದ್, ಆಕಾರ '''आकार ग्रन्थ''' -- source book -- ಆದಾರ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''आकार भाषा''' -- source language, main text, main language -- ಆಧಾರ ಭಾಷೆ '''आकार-प्रकार''' -- size and shape, the measurement or extent of something, to group or sort according to size -- ಬಣ್ಣ ಪಿಂಞ ಆಕಾರ ಪೋಲೆ ವಿಂಗಡಿಚಿಡುವೊ '''आकालिक''' -- untimely, happening at an unsuitable time, happening too soon or sooner than is normal -- ಕಾಲಲ್ಲತ ಕಾಲತ್ '''आकाश''' -- sky, the space, galaxy -- ಆಕಾಶ, ಬಾನ '''आकाश गंगा''' -- the milky way, the broad faintly luminous, band of stars encircling the sky, the galaxy -- ಬಾನತ್ ಮಿನ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆ '''आकाश दीप''' -- high hanging lamp, the way something hangs high, lamp, to decorate with hanging lamp -- ತೂಕ್ ಬೊಳ್ಚ '''आकाश मंडल''' -- celestial sphere, of heaven divine, of the sky celestial bodies, stars, etc -- ಬಾನತ್, ಆಕಾಶ '''आकाशबेल''' -- a kind of parasite, an animal or plant that lives on or in another from which it draws its nourishment, a person who lives off another or others and gives no useful return -- ಪರಾವಲಂಬಿ '''आकाशवाणी''' -- voice from heaven, sky, All India Radio, sound broad casting -- ಬಾನುಲಿ '''आकाशी''' -- aerial, atmospheric, existing in the air -- ವಾತಾವರಣತ್ರ '''आकाशीय''' -- pertaining to sky, pertaining to space, galaxy -- ಬಾನಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''आकीणी कटकाकीणी''' -- filled with throngs, throng, a crowded mass of people -- ಜನಡ ಗುಂಪ್ '''आकुंचन''' -- contraction, shrinkage, flexing -- ಚುಗ್ಗುವೊ '''आकुंचित''' -- contracted, to arrange or undertake by contract - they contracted to supply oil to the factory, to make or become smaller or shorter -- ಚುಗ್ಗಿತ್ ಬಪ್ಪೊ '''आकुल''' -- eager, anxious, troubled and uneasy in mind -- ಆತುರ '''आकृति''' -- figure, form, shape -- ವರ್ಸೆ, ಮಾದರಿ '''आकृति विज्ञान''' -- morphology -- ವರ್ಸೆ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ '''आकृष्ट''' -- attracted, to get the attention of, to arouse the interest or pleasure of -- ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ '''आक्रन्दन''' -- weeping, crying, a loud wordless sound expressing pain -- ಮೊರೆ, ಕೂತ್ '''आक्रमण''' -- attack, invasion, aggression -- ಮೇಲೆ ಬೂವ '''आक्रमणकारी''' -- aggressive, invading, apt to make attacks, showing aggression -- ಮೇಲೆ ಬೂವ ಗೇನ '''आक्रमणात्मक''' -- attacking, invasive, aggressive -- ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಾಡುವಂತದ್ '''आक्रान्त''' -- assaulted, invaded, attacked -- ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕ್ ಒಳಗಾನಂವೊ '''आक्रोश''' -- resentment, anger, wrath -- ಚೆಡಿ '''आक्षरिक''' -- literal, syllabic, in accordance with the primary meaning of a word or the actual words of a phrase, as contrasted with or metaphorical or exaggerated meaning -- ಅಕ್ಷರಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''आक्षिप्त''' -- victimised, projected, sacrificed -- ಆಕ್ಷೇಪಣೆಕ್ ಒಳಗಾನಂವೊ '''आक्षीरी''' -- lactiferous, milk producing, milk dairy -- ಪಾಲ್ ತಪ್ಪಂತ '''आक्षेप''' -- allegation, charge, false accusation -- ಆಕ್ಷೇಪಣೆ '''आँख-मिचाँनी''' -- hide and seek, children’s game in which some players conceal themselves and others try to find them -- ಒಳಿಪಕಳಿ '''आँखवाला''' -- having an eye, a person with expert understanding (connoisseur), of artistic and similar subjects -- ಚುರ್ ಕ್ ಲ್ ವಿಷಯ, ಅರಿಂಜವಂವೊ '''आखात''' -- gulf, eastern country, Arabian country -- ಕೇಕ್ ದೇಶ, ಅರಬಿದೇಶ '''आखिर''' -- the end, conclusion, extremity -- ಕೊನೆ, ಆಖೀರಿ '''आँखें''' -- an eyes, organ of sight, look -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ '''आँखे फाड फाड कर देखना''' -- to stare with wide open eyes, angry, greediness -- ಕೆಕ್ಕಚಿಟ್ಟಿ ನೋಟುವೊ '''आखेट''' -- hunting, investigation, finding -- ಬೋಟೆ, ಕಂಡ್ಪುಡಿಪೊ '''आखेट यात्रा''' -- hunting expedition -- ಬೋಟೆ ಕೂಡುವೊ '''आखेटक''' -- hunter, one who hunts, a man in charge of a pack of hounds -- ಬೋಟೆಕಾರ '''आख्या''' -- name, report, record -- ಪೆದ, ಅರಿಕೆ '''आख्याकार''' -- story writer, creation, author -- ಕತೆ ಎಳ್ ದುವಂವೊ '''आख्यात''' -- named, famous, legendary -- ಪೆದಪೋನಂವೊ '''आख्यान''' -- myth, legend, fable -- ಪುರಾಣ ಕತೆ, ಪಳಿಯ ಕತೆ '''आख्यानिक''' -- mythic, legendary, fabulous -- ಪುರಾಣಕ್ಕ್ ಸ ಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''आख्यापक''' -- announcer, declaring, informant -- ಉದ್ಘೋಷಕ '''आख्यापन''' -- announcement, to make known the presence or arrival by announcement, to make known publicly or to an audience -- ಉದ್ಘೋಷಣೆ '''आख्यापित''' -- announced, to declare known publicly, to declare known the presence or arrival of, in and out -- ಉದ್ಘೋಷಿತ '''आख्यायिक''' -- tale, story, announce -- ಕಥೆ '''आग''' -- fire, state of burning, combustion, flame -- ತಿತ್ತ್, ಚುಡುವ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''आगजनी''' -- arson, the act of setting fire to a house or other property intentionally and unlawfully, either from malice or in order to claim insurance money -- ತಿತ್ತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ '''आगणत''' -- estimation, to asses, to evaluate -- ಅಂದಾಜ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''आगत''' -- arrived, come, occurred -- ಬಾತ್, ನಡ್oದದ್ '''आगतसत्कार''' -- hospitality, friendly and generous reception and entertainment of guests, taking extreme care of the guests -- ತಕ್ಕಾರ '''आगतस्वागत''' -- welcome, received with pleasure, a welcome guest or gift, make a person welcome cause him to or her to feel welcome, to greet with pleasure or ceremony -- ಮನದುಂಬ್ನ ತಕ್ಕಾರ '''आगंतुक''' -- new comer, visitor, guest -- ಪುದಿಯವು, ಬೆಂದ್ಕ '''आँगन''' -- a court yard, court premise, a proposition from which an inference is drawn -- ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''आगम''' -- coming, arrival, income -- ಎತ್ತುವದ್ '''आगमन''' -- arrival, approach, induction -- ಬರಲ್ '''आगमनात्मक''' -- inductive, of or using induction, inductive reasoning, of electric or magnetic induction -- ಕೂಡಿಯಂಡದ್ '''आगा''' -- frontage, front, in front of a building -- ಮಿಂಞಬರಿ '''आग़ा''' -- chief, chieftain, head -- ಮುಕ್ರಿ '''आगा-पीछा''' -- hesitation, hesitance, doubtful -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಬೈಯ್ಯಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''आगाज''' -- beginning, start, basic -- ಸುರುಮಾಡುವೊ '''आगामी''' -- forth coming, future, coming soon -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''आगार''' -- treasure house, store, treasury -- ಸಾಮಾನ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪ ಕೋಂಬರೆ '''आगाह''' -- apprised, warned, indication -- ಎಚ್ಚರ ಪರ್oದಿಯೆ '''आग्रह''' -- insistence, pertinacity, request -- ಬೋಡ್ಯವೊ '''आघटन''' -- happening, occurrence, accidental -- ಆಯಿಂಡುಳ್ಳದ್, ನಡ್oದದ್ '''आघात''' -- blow, stroke, hit -- ಪೊಯಿತ್ (ಗೇನ ಮಾಡತ ಪೊಯಿತ್) '''आचमन''' -- sipping, to take a sip, to drink in small mouthfuls -- ಹೀರೊ, ಊತುವೊ '''आचमनीय''' -- worth sipping, traditional sipping, ceremonial sipping -- ಗೇನಮಾಡಿತ್ ಉತೊ '''आँचल''' -- border, end of sari, circle -- ಸೆರಗ್ '''आँचल पसारना''' -- to beg for favour, to beseech, to implore -- ಬೋಡುವೊ '''आँचल में बाँधना''' -- to keep properly, to constantly, something that is constant and does not vary -- ಸ್ಥಿರವಾಯಿತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ '''आचार''' -- conduct, custom, behavior -- ನಡತೆ, ಪದ್ದತಿ '''आचारभ्रष्ट''' -- debased, to lower in quality or value, to reduce the value of by using an alloy or inferior metal -- ಬೆಲೆ ಕಳ್oದವೊ '''आचार्य''' -- preceptor, professor, preacher -- ಗುರು '''आँचि''' -- heat, flame, fire -- ತಿತ್ತ್ '''आच्छन्न''' -- covered, concealed, a thing that covers -- ಮುಚ್ಚ್ನದ್, ಮುಚ್ಚಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''आज''' -- today, this present day, on this present day -- ಇಂದ್,ಇಂದೆತ್‌ರ ದಿನ '''आजकल''' -- now a days, these days, present days -- ಇಕ್ಕಿಕ್ಕ, ಇಕ್ಕೆಲ್ಲ '''आजमाइश''' -- trial, text, evaluation -- ಬೆಲೆ ಕಟ್ಟವೊ '''आजाद''' -- independent, free, of bondage -- ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರವಾಯಿತ್ ಇಪ್ಪೊ '''आजादी''' -- independence, freedom, having liberty -- ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ '''आजानबाहु''' -- having very long arms and big hands -- ಉದ್ದ ಕೈ ಉಳ್ಳಂವೊ '''आजिज''' -- fed up, tired, feeling that one would like to sleep or rest -- ಬುಡ್ಂಜೋಪ, ಸುಸ್ತಾಯಿತ್ ಇಪ್ಪೊ '''आजीवन''' -- life long, life imprisonment, continued all one's life -- ಜೀವನ ಪೂರ್ತಿ, ಬಾಳ್ ಡೀ '''आजीविका''' -- means of subsistence, livelihood, means of living -- ಬದುಕುವಕ್ಕುಳ್ಳ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''आज्ञप्ति''' -- written order, decree, authoritative order -- ಎಳ್ತ್ ಅಪ್ಪಣೆ '''आज्ञा''' -- order, command, instruction -- ಅಪ್ಪಣೆ '''आज्ञाकारिता''' -- obedience, do the bidding of, be moved by -- ವಿಧೇಯತೆ '''आज्ञाकारी''' -- obedient, implementing order, sincere -- ವಿಧೇಯನಾಯಿತಿಪ್ಪೊ '''आज्ञानुवर्ती''' -- obedient -- ವಿಧೇಯನಾಯಿತಿಪ್ಪೊ '''आज्ञानुसार''' -- as per the order, obedient, according to the order -- ಅಪ್ಪಣೆ ಕೂತ್ತಿತ್ '''आज्ञाप्त''' -- ordered, the way is which things are placed in relation to one another, a proper or customary sequence -- ಅಡಕತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ '''आज्ञाभंग''' -- violation of order, disobedience, violation of norms -- ಅಪ್ಪಣೆ ಮೀರುವೊ '''आज्ञार्थक''' -- imperative, expressing a command, essential, obligatory, further economics are imperative -- ಅವಶ್ಯಕ '''आटा''' -- flour, wheat flour, powder -- ಪೊಡಿ, ಗೋಧಿ ಪೊಡಿ '''आँटी''' -- reel of thread, weaving spool, the fold of dhoti round the waist -- ನೂಲುಂಡೆ, ಪಂಚೆಕಟ್ಟುವೊ '''आटोप''' -- pomp, ostentation, a slow of display intended to impress people -- ಆಡಂಬರ '''आड़''' -- screen, cover, protection -- ತಡೆ, ಮರೆ '''आडंबर''' -- showing off, ostentation, pomp -- ಆಡಂಬರ '''आडंबरी''' -- ostentation, pomp, showoff -- ಆಡಂಬರ ಕಾಟುವೊ '''आड़ा''' -- horizontal, oblique, slanting -- ಇಳಿಜಾರ್ '''आँडि''' -- uncastrated, not removing the testicles, without removing the testicles -- ಕಾಯಿತಟ್ಟತದ್ '''आढ़त''' -- agency, brokerage, middleman -- ಎಣೆಗೊಡ್ಡಿ '''आढ़तिया''' -- commission agent, repre-sentative, broker -- ದಳ್ಳಾಳಿ '''आँत''' -- the long tubular section of the elementary canal, intestine, internal elementary canal of the stomach, extending from the outlet of the stomach to the anus -- ಕರು '''आंत''' -- knot, misunderstanding, a cluster of people or things -- ಗಂಟ್, ಅಪಾರ್ಥ ಮಾಡೊ ಗುಂಪ್, ಗುಡ್ಡೆ '''आँत उतरना''' -- to suffer from hernia -- ಹರ್ನಿಯತ್oಜಿ ನರ್ ಳೋ '''आतंक''' -- terror, panic, causing fear -- ಆತಂಕ,ಬೊತ್ತಿಯವೊ '''आततायी''' -- tyrant, oppressor, a ruler or other person who uses power in a harsh or oppressive way -- ದುಷ್ಠ '''आतप''' -- heat, the sensation produced by this, hotness, a form of energy produced by the movement of molecules -- ಬಿಸಿ, ಶಾಖ '''आंतर''' -- of or in the inside of a thing, internal, intrinsic -- ಒಳಿಯತದ್ '''आंतरिक''' -- internal, of the domestic affairs of the country, of the mind or soul -- ಒಳ ವಿಚಾರ '''आंतरिक विषय''' -- internal affairs, used or applying etc, with in an organisation, intellectuals of the mind or soul -- ಒಳ ವಿಚಾರ, ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ, ಒಳ್ ಲ್ '''आतिथ्य''' -- hospitality, taking extreme care of the guests, providing shelter -- ಉಪಚಾರ '''आतिथ्यसत्कार''' -- respectful hospitality, special treatment to the guests, extreme care taking of the guests -- ನಲ್ಲ ಉಪಚಾರ '''आत्म निग्रह''' -- self-control, self-prevention, self-determination -- ಸ್ವಂತ ತೀರ್ಮಾನ '''आत्म प्रवंचना''' -- self deception, deceiving, being deceived, something that deceives people -- ಆತ್ಮವಂಚನೆ '''आत्म-विश्वास''' -- self-respect, proper regard for oneself and one's own dignity and principles, etc regard for one self -- ತಾಂಡ ಮೇಲೆ ನಂಬಿಕೆ '''आत्म-शक्ति''' -- will power, central exercised by one's will, especially over one's own actions and impulses, self confidence -- ಸ್ವಂತ ಗಟ್ಟಿಗತನ '''आत्मकथा''' -- autobiography, life history, the story of a person's life written by himself -- ತಾಂಡಕತೆ '''आत्मगत''' -- subjective, divine, existing in a person's mind and not produced by things outside it, not objective -- ತಾಂಗೊತ್ತನೆ '''आत्मग्लानि''' -- remorse, compunction, deep regret for one's wrong doing -- ತಾಂಡಮನಸ್ರ ಬೇಜಾರ '''आत्मघात''' -- suicide, sacrifice, the intentional killing of one self, an instance of this -- ಜೀವ ಎಡ್ತವೊ '''आत्मज''' -- son, a male child in relation to his parents, a male descendant -- ಮೋಂವೂ, ಕ್ಣ್ಣಕುಂಞೆ '''आत्मजा''' -- daughter, a female in relation to parents, a female descendant -- ಮೋವಾ, ಮೂಡಿಕುಂಞೆ '''आत्मतुष्ट''' -- self-satisfied, pleased with oneself and one's own achievement, conceited, own satisfaction -- ತಾಂಗ್ ತೃಪ್ತಿ '''आत्मदमन''' -- self-repression, self-control, self-confidence -- ಸ್ವಂತ ನಂಬಿಕೆ '''आत्मनिरीक्षण''' -- introspection, self analysis, examination of one's own thoughts and feelings -- ಸ್ವಂತ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ '''आत्मप्रदर्शन''' -- self display, exhibitionism, something displayed conspicuously -- ಸ್ವಂತ ಕೊರವು '''आत्मबला''' -- spiritual, power, divine -- ಸ್ವಂತ ಗಟ್ಟಿಗತನ '''आत्मबलिदान''' -- self sacrifice, suicide, dedication -- ನಲ್ಲಾಂಗಾಯಿತ್ ಪ್ರಾಣ ಬುಡುವೊ '''आत्मबोध''' -- enlightenment, to give knowledge to, to inform, to give wise power of lighting -- ನಲ್ಲರಿಕೆ ಕೊಡಪೊ '''आत्मरक्षा''' -- self-defence, self-defending from or resistance against attack -- ತನ್ನಕಾತವೊ '''आत्मसमर्पण''' -- surrender, to hand over, to give in to another persons' power or control, especially on demand or under compulsion, to give oneself up, to accept an enemy's demand for submission -- ತನ್ನ ಒಪ್ಪ್ಚಿಟ್ಟವೊ '''आत्मसमीक्षा''' -- introspection, self review, self display -- ತನ್ನ ಅರಿಂಜವೊ '''आत्मसात्''' -- assimilated, to absorb into the body or into group or system, to absorb into the mind as knowledge -- ತನ್ನ ಒಪ್ಪ್ಚಿಟ್ಟವೊ '''आत्मसिद्धि''' -- self-realisation, self-existing in fact, divine power -- ಸ್ವಬುದ್ದಿ ಅರಿಂಜವೊ '''आत्मसेवी''' -- self-seeker, striving for one's own advancement only, obstinacy -- ತನ್ನತಾನೇ ತಾಂಗೊ '''आत्मस्वीकृति''' -- confession, self-acceptance, admit, own, knowledge, declare -- ತಾನಾಯಿತ್ ಒತ್ತೊವೊ '''आत्मा''' -- self, own soul, on his own -- ತಾಂಡ, ಸ್ವಂತ '''आदत''' -- habit, settled tendency or practice, constitution -- ಅಬ್ಯಾಸ '''आदमी''' -- person, man, human being -- ಮನ್ ಶ, ನರಮನ್ ಷ '''आदमीयता''' -- humanity, human nature, human race -- ಮನ್ ಷ ಕುಲ, ಮನ್ ಷ ಜನ್ಮ '''आदर''' -- respect, deference, esteem -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ '''आदर सम्मान''' -- due respect, honourable respect, great honour -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಸ್ತ '''आदरणीय''' -- respectful, esteemed, respectable -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ ಉಳ್ಳ '''आदर्श''' -- ideal, existing only in idea, visionary, perfect -- ಆದರ್ಶ '''आदाता''' -- receiver, able or quick to receive, one who receives -- ಪಡ್oದವವೊ '''आदान''' -- receiving, taking, handover -- ಎಡ್ತವೊ, ಪಡ್oದವೊ '''आदाब''' -- salutation, compliments, to greet with words or sign -- ಕೈ ತೊಪ್ಪೊ '''आदि''' -- beginning, commence, from the origin -- ಆದಿ, ಮೂಲ '''आदित्य''' -- sun, head of the solar family, luminous body round which the earth revolves -- ಸೂರಿಯ, ಚೂರಿಯ '''आदिवासी''' -- tribe, origin, a race -- ಗುಡ್ಡಗಾಡ್ ಜನ, ಬುಡಕಟ್ಟ್ ಜನ '''आदी''' -- accustomed, habituation, practice -- ಆಚರಣೆ, ಪದ್ಧತಿ '''आदेश''' -- order, command, control -- ಅಪ್ಪಣೆ '''आंदोलक''' -- agitator, one who starts a movement, revolutionary -- ಗಲಾಟೆ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''आंदोलन''' -- a movement, agitation, campaign -- ಚಳುವಳಿ '''आंदोलनकारी''' -- pertaining to an agitation, movement, agitational -- ಚಳವಳಿಕಾಯಿತ್, ಚಳುವಳಿಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟ '''आंदोलित''' -- agitated, perturbed, movement -- ಗೊಂದಲಕ್ಕೆ ಒಳಗಾನಂವು '''आधा''' -- half, moiety, either of two equal parts of a thing -- ಪಾದಿ '''आधार''' -- base, basis, foundation -- ನೆಲೆ '''आधार भूमि''' -- base, foundation, basic -- ನೆಲೆಜಾಗ '''आधार शिला''' -- foundation stone, base, lowest part of a building -- ಅಡಿಪಾಯ '''आधारभूत''' -- basic, fundamental, primary -- ನೆಲೆಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''आधारहीन''' -- baseless, without foundation, lowest one -- ಆದಾರ ಇಲ್ಲತ, ಅಡಿಪಾಯ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''आधि''' -- mental agony, torture, mental pain -- ಮನಸ್ಕ್ ನೊಂಬಲ '''आधिक्य''' -- abundance, plenty, excise -- ಬೋಂಡ್ಯಚ್ಚಕ್ '''आधिपत्य''' -- supremacy, power, highest -- ಕೊರು '''आँधी''' -- a dust-storm, cyclone, violent wind or disturbance of the atmosphere -- ಸುಂಟರ ಗಾಳಿ '''आँधी आना''' -- wind storm has set in, a system of winds rotating round a calm central area, violent destructive form of this storm -- ಸುಳಿಗಾಳಿ '''आधुनिक''' -- modern, latest, present -- ಇಕ್ಕತ್ ರ '''आनंद''' -- happiness, joy, pleasure -- ಕುಶಿ '''आनंद मेला''' -- fete, festival, holiday -- ನಮ್ಮೆ, ರಜ '''आनंदप्रद''' -- delightful, take great pleasure, phase highly -- ಕುಶಿ ಆಪಂತದ್ '''आनम्य''' -- pliable, flexible, smooth -- ಬಗ್ಗ್ಚಿಡುವಕ್ ಕೈಯುವದ್ '''आना''' -- to come, move towards, approach -- ಬಪ್ಪ '''आनीजानी''' -- transient, temporary, time being -- ತಕ್ಕ ಮಟ್ಟಿಗೆ, ಬಪ್ಪ, ಪೋಪ '''आनुतोषिक''' -- gratuity, gift of money, given free, done for nothing -- ಬೋಮಾನ ಪಣ '''आनुपूर्वी''' -- successive, literal, approximately -- ಅಂದಾಜಿ '''आनुभाविक''' -- empiric, empirical, relying on experiment or experience not on theory -- ಅನುಬೋಗತ್ ರ '''आनुमानिक''' -- conjectural, hypothetical, guess -- ಅಂದಾಜ್ಕ್ ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''आनुवंशिक''' -- hereditary, parental, descending by inheritance, tendency of an organism to transmit its nature to its descendants -- ತಲೆಮಾರಿಂಜಿ ಬಂದದ್ '''आनुवंशिकी''' -- genetics, science dealing with heredity, variation, reproduction, origin dealing with generation -- ತಲೆಮಾರ್ ಪಡಿಪ್ '''आनुषंगिक''' -- incidental, contingent, casual -- ಅಕಾಸ್ಮಾತ್ '''आन्ध्र''' -- Andhra -- ಆಂಧ್ರ '''आन्ध्रवासी''' -- an inhabitant of Andhra -- ಆಂಧ್ರತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಾಡುವಂವೊ '''आप''' -- you, plural of the 2nd person pron, used also as a singular -- ನೀನ್, ನಿಂಗ, ತಂಗ, ಒತ್ತೆ '''आपकाजी''' -- selfish, concerned mainly over personal profit or pleasure, lacking consideration for others, looking for personal profits -- ಸ್ವಾರ್ತಿ, ಜೀನೆ '''आपतकालीन''' -- pertaining to the immediate, emergency, remedial measures -- ಆಪತ್ ಕಾಲತ್ ರ '''आपत्''' -- calamity, adversity, emergency -- ಆಪತ್ತ್, ಕಷ್ಟಕಾಲ '''आपत्ति''' -- objection, restriction, bound -- ತಡೆ, ತಕ್ ರರ್ '''आपदग्रस्त''' -- beset by difficulties, difficulties, pain -- ತೊಂದರೆ ಪಡುವಂವೊ '''आपदा''' -- calamity, misfortune, difficulty -- ಬಲ್ಯಭಂಗ, ಮಾಕಷ್ಟ, ಮಹಾಆಪತ್ತ್ '''आपरेशन''' -- operation, action, agenda -- ನಿಬಾಯಿಚಿಡುವೊ '''आपस''' -- each other, one another, everyone taken separately -- ದಂಡಾಳೂ, ಒಬ್ಬಂಗೊಬ್ಬ '''आपसदारी''' -- mutual relationship, dealings, mutual exchange -- ತಂಗ ತಂಗ ಮದ್ಯ '''आपा धापी''' -- state of confusion, disorder, mix mentally -- ಮನಸ್ಸ್ರ ತಳ್ ಮಳ, ಗಲಿಬಿಲಿ '''आपूरित''' -- supplied, provided, to make suitable preparation for something, try to provide against emergencies -- ಒದಗ್ಚಿಟ್ಟದ್ '''आपूर्ण''' -- full to the brim, to supply, to provide -- ಮಲಿಯ '''आपेक्षिक''' -- relative, having a connection with, facts relative to the matter in hand, referring or attached to an earlier noun, clause or sentence -- ತೊಣೆ ಆಯಿತ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದ ಪಟ್ಟಿತ್ '''आपेक्षिक''' -- comparative, partial, not absolute -- ಭಾಗಶಃ, ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಅಲ್ಲತ '''आप्त''' -- good, reliable, trusted -- ನಲ್ಲ, ನಂಬಿಗೆಉಳ್ಳ್ '''आप्रवास''' -- immigration, person who has immigrated, a descendent of recent immigrants -- ಪೊರಮೆದೇಶಕಾರ '''आफ़त''' -- trouble, mishap, calamity -- ತೊಂದರೆ, ಆಪತ್ '''आफ़िसर''' -- officer, a person holding a position of authority or trend, an official, a person who holds authority in his hand -- ಕಚೇರಿ ಮುಕ್ರಿ '''आफीस''' -- office, the staff working there, the premises, staff or authority of certain government departments -- ಕಚೇರಿ '''आब''' -- water, lustre, brilliance -- ನೀರ್, ಎಲಂಗುವೊ, ಎಲಂಗ್ '''आबकारी''' -- excise, tax, duty taxes, on manufacturers or before sale -- ಅಬಕಾರಿ, ಸುಂಕ '''आबदार''' -- lustrous, lustrous face -- ಎಲಂಗುವದ್ '''आबद्ध''' -- tied up, to attach, to arrange (string or ribbon or a necktie etc,) to form a knot or bow -- ಕೆಟ್ಟುವೊ '''आबरू''' -- honour, dignity, respect -- ಸತ್ಕಾರ '''आबाद''' -- inhabited, populated, demograph -- ಜನಪೆರ್ತದ್ '''आबादी''' -- population, census, demographic number -- ಜನಸಂಕೆ '''आब्दिक''' -- annual, annual ceremony, annual death ceremony -- ಕಾಲಕೊಮ್ಮ , ವಾರಾಂಡೆಕ್ಕೊಮ್ಮ '''आभरण''' -- ornament, jewellery, precious ornaments -- ಪೊನ್ನ್, ಮಾಲ್ ಮಟ '''आभा''' -- lustre, shade, tinge -- ಎಲಂಗ್ '''आभा मंडला''' -- halo, solar family, sun family -- ಪ್ರಬೆ, ಸೂರ್ಯಮಂಡಲ '''आभार''' -- obliged, grateful, to give thanks -- ಉಪಕಾರ ಆಚೀಂದೆಣ್ಣುವೊ '''आभार्य''' -- obligatory, essential, received -- ಅವಶ್ಯಕ '''आभास''' -- inkling, hunch, vague idea -- ಒಯ್ಯ್ಪರೆ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''आभ्यंतर''' -- inner, internal, interior -- ಒಳ್, ಒಳ್ ಲ್ '''आमंत्रण''' -- calling, sending invitation -- ಕಾಕುವೊ, ಬಪ್ಪಕ್ ಮಾಡಿಯವೊ '''आमदनी''' -- income, revenue, earning -- ಬರೋದಿ, ಆದಾಯ '''आमना-सामना''' -- encounter, face to face meeting, head on, collision -- ಎದ್ಮೂಟ್ಟೊ '''आमरण''' -- till oath, hunger strike, strike -- ಚಾವಲ್ಲಿಕೆತ್ತನೆ, ಚಾವಲ್ಲಿಕೆತ್ತನೆ ಪೋರಾಟ '''आमर्ष''' -- wrath, rage, angry -- ಚೆಡಿ '''आमिष भोजी''' -- non-vegetarian, meateater, carnivorous -- ಯರ್ಚಿ ತಿಂಬವು '''आमुख''' -- preamble, forward, preface -- ಮುಂಜೊಲ್ಲ್ '''आमोदकारी''' -- pleasure, amusement, satisfaction -- ಕುಶಿ, ಕುಳ್ಙನೆ, ತೃಪ್ತಿ '''आय''' -- Income -- ಬರುವದಿ '''आय-कर''' -- income tax, direct tax on income, tax on investments -- ಬರೋದಿ ಸುಂಕ, ಆದಾಯತೆರೆಗೆ '''आयत''' -- rectangle, sentence, four sided figure with four right angles -- ಉದ್ದಚೌಕ '''आयात''' -- import, getting from side, importing from some other country -- ಪೊರಮೆಂಜಿ ಎಡ್ತಾಪ್ಚಿಡುವೊ (ಪೊರದೇ ಶತಂಜಿ), ಆಮದ್ '''आयातकर्ता''' -- importer, foreign agent, one who imports the goods -- ಪೊರಮೆಂಜಿ ಎಡ್ತಾಪ್ ಚಿಡುವಂವೊ '''आयास''' -- effort, exertion, endeavor -- ಸುಸ್ತ್, ಆಯಾಸ್ '''आयु''' -- age, length of time a person or thing existed, period of time -- ವಯಸ್ಸ್, ಆಯಿಷ '''आयुध''' -- arms, weapon, ordinance -- ಆಯುಧ (ತೋಕ, ಕತ್ತಿ) '''आयोजक''' -- organiser, planner, convenor -- ಸೇಲ್ ಕೂಟುವೊ, ಸರಿಕೂಟುವೊ '''आयोजित''' -- convened, arranged, organised -- ಸೇಲ್ ಕೂಟ್ನದ್, ಸರಿಕೂಟ್ನದ್ '''आर-पार''' -- across, crosswise, from side to side -- ಅಡ್ಡಾಯಿತ್, ಬರಿಂಜಿ ಬರಿಕ್ '''आरक्षण''' -- reservation, reserving or thing reserved, exception or limitation -- ಕಾತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ '''आरज्''' -- request -- ಕೀಟವೊ '''आरंभ''' -- beginning, commencement, start -- ಶುರು, ಮೊಳಿ ಇಡುವೊ '''आरसी''' -- mirror, glass, polished surface for reflecting images -- ಕನ್ನಡಿ '''आरा''' -- saw, tool for cutting wood, cut with saw -- ಗರಗಸ, ಮುರಿಬಾಳ್, ಮರಈರುವೊ '''आराकश''' -- sawyer, wood cutter -- ಈರ್‌ಚಕಾರ '''आराधना''' -- worship, adore, pray -- ತುದಿಪೊ, ಪೂಜೊ '''आराम''' -- rest, peace, stability -- ಆರಾಮ್ '''आरेख''' -- diagram, map, shape -- ನಕ್ಷೆ '''आरोगण''' -- cure, diagnosis, treatment -- ವಾಸಿಮಾಡುವೊ, ಉಪಚಾರ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''आरोग्य''' -- health, soundness of body, condition of body -- ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ತಡಿಸುಖತ್ಲ್ ಉಳ್ಳೊ '''आरोग्यशाला''' -- nursing home, hospital, health clinic -- ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆ '''आरोप''' -- allegation, change, bring forward as an argument -- ಆರೋಪ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ತಪ್ಪ್ ಪೊರ್ಪ್ ಚಿಡುವೊ '''आरोपपत्र''' -- chargesheet, attribution sheet, allegation -- ಆರೋಪ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''आरोह-अवरोह''' -- ascent and desent, modulation, cadence -- ಪತ್ತುವೊ – ಇಳಿಯುವೊ, ಜೋರಾಪ-ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಆಪೊ '''आर्त''' -- grieved, distressed, affilicted -- ಬೇಜಾರತಿಪ್ಪೊ '''आर्द्र''' -- humid, wet, moist -- ಪುಂಡೆ ಆಯಿತಿಪ್ಪೊ, ಶೀತಪುಡಿಚಿತಿಪ್ಪೊ '''आलंकारिक''' -- ornamental, figurative, showoff -- ಮೇಲೆ ನಾಜೂಕಾಯಿತಿಪ್ಪೊ '''आलंब''' -- prop, stay, support, perpendicular -- ನೇರೆ ಇಪ್ಪೊ, ತಾಂಗೊ '''आलम''' -- world, universe, globe -- ಜಗತ್ತ್, ವಿಶ್ವ, ಭೂಲೋಕ '''आलिंगन''' -- embrace, to embrace, to own, to adopt -- ತಬ್ಬಿಯೋ, ಸ್ವೀಕಾರ ಮಾಡಿಯವೊ '''आलीशान''' -- grand, stately, majestic -- ಶೋಕಾಯಿತುಂಡ್, ಬಾರೀ ಚಾಯಿಉಂಡ್ '''आलेख''' -- graph, sketch, outline -- ನಕಾಶೆ, ನಕ್ಷೆ '''आलोचना''' -- criticism, fault finding, review -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪೊ, ಅಜಮಾಯಿಚಿಡುವೊ '''आलोचित''' -- criticized, reviewed, commented -- ಅಜಮಾಯಿಚಿಟ್ಟದ್ '''आँव''' -- formation of mucus -- ಚಾರ್ '''आवक''' -- arrivals, incoming, reach or destination -- ಬರೊವದಿ, ಎತ್ತುವೊ '''आवधिक''' -- periodical, terminal, time to time -- ಪೊತ್ತ್ ಕೊತ್ತಿತ್ '''आवरण''' -- cover, covering, veil -- ಮುಚ್ಚಿ, ಮುಚ್ಚುವೊ, ವೈತ್ರ '''आवर्धन''' -- magnification, augmentation, growth -- ಬಲಙನೆ ಆಪ, ಬೊಳಿಯೊ '''आँवल''' -- placentos -- ಮೂತ್ '''आँवलनाल''' -- navel string -- ಪೊಕ್ಕ್ ಬಳ್ಳಿ '''आवली''' -- group -- ಗುಂಪ್, ಗುಡ್ಡೆ '''आवश्यकता''' -- necessity, need, requirement -- ಅವಶ್ಯಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಬೋಂಡ್ಯದ್, ಆಂಡ್ಯದ್ '''आवागमन''' -- coming and going, trans-migration, immigration -- ಬಪ್ಪೊಪೋಪೊ '''आवाज''' -- sound, voice, report -- ದನಿ, ಸ್ವರ, ಸದ್ದ್, ಅರಿಕೆ '''आवारा''' -- a vagabond, loafer, unnesessary roaming -- ನಾಟಕುಂಞಪ್ಪ, ತಿರ್ಬೋಸಿ '''आवासिक''' -- residential, accomodation, stay -- ಮನೆ, ನೆಲೆ, ಬಿಡಾರ '''आवाहन''' -- invocation of god, inviting call -- ದೇವಕಾಕುವೊ, ದೇವಳ ತುದಿಪೊ '''आविर्भाव''' -- appearance, advent, emergence -- ಪ್ರತ್ಯಕ್ಷ ಆಪೊ, ಬೊಳಿಕ್ ಬೂವೊ, ಬೊಳಿಪಡತುವೊ '''आविष्कार''' -- inventing, invention, finding -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪೊ, ಗೊತ್ತ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''आवृत्त''' -- repeated, recurred, again -- ಅಕ್ಕಕ್ಕ, ಗಡಿಗಡೀ, ಪುನಃ ಪುನಃ '''आवेदक''' -- applicant, candidate, request -- ಅರ್ಜಿದಾರ, ಅರಿಕೆ '''आशंकनीय''' -- questionable, doubtable, indefinite -- ಸಂಶಯಪಡುವಂತದ್, ಸ್ಥಿರ-ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''आशंका''' -- apprehension, fear, arrest, under-standing -- ಪೋಡಿ, ತಡ್ಪೊ, ಗೊತ್ತ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''आशना''' -- acquaintance, one with whom has illegal connection -- ಪರ್ಚಾರಿ, ಪುಲಿಯಾಟ್ ಇಡುವೊ '''आशंसा''' -- blessing, kind, to wish -- ಆರ್ಶೀವಾದ, ಕನಿಕರ, ಆಸೆ '''आशा''' -- hope, expection of some thing desired, thing that gives, or an object of, this feeling -- ಆಕುಪೋಕುಂದ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚಂಡ ಆಸೆ '''आशा-निराशा''' -- hope and despair -- ಆಸೆ - ನಿರಾಸೆ '''आशावाद''' -- optimism, a tendency to take a hopeful view of things, or to expect that results will be good, high hope -- ಖಂಡಿತ ಆಪಾಂದ್ ಎಣ್ಣುವ ಬಲ್ಯ ಗೇನ '''आशिक''' -- lover, someone who is in love with another person, a person having an illict love affair -- ಕೊದಿಕಾರ, ಕೊದಿಕರ್ತಿ, ಪುಲಿಯಾಡ್ಚಿ, ಪುಲಿಯಾಡ್ಚ '''आंशिक''' -- partial, fractional, forming only part -- ಭಾಗಶಃ '''आंशिक रूपसे''' -- partially, in part but not complete or total, a partial eclipse, biased, unfair, partially -- ಭಾಗಶಃವಾಯಿತ್ '''आंशिक सफलता''' -- partial success, part of the success, partly winning -- ಭಾಗಶಃ ಗೆಲ್ಲೊ '''आशियाना''' -- nest, a snug place, a place where certain creatures live or reproduce and keep their young -- ಗೂಡ್, ಮಾಳಿ (ಕುರ್ಕಮಾಳಿ, ಎಲಿಮಾಳಿ) '''आशीर्वाद''' -- blessings, benediction, consecrate -- ಅನುವಾದ '''आशु''' -- quick, speedy, fast -- ಬೆರಿಯ, ಚುರ್ಕ್ '''आशुतोष''' -- one who is easily pleased, satisfied, happiness -- ತೃಪ್ತಿ, ಸಂಭತ್ಲ್ ಕುಶಿಪಡ್ತೊ '''आश्चर्य''' -- wonder, surprise, what takes unaware -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ '''आश्रम''' -- hermitage, his abode, person living in solitude -- ಆಶ್ರಮ, ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಯಡ ನೆರ್ಕೆಮನೆ '''आश्रयहीन''' -- without shelter, support, without residence -- ಸೂರ್ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ನೆಲೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಮಾಡ್ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''आश्रित''' -- dependant, protege, under -- ಹೊಂದಿಯಂಡಿಪ್ಪೊ '''आश्वासन''' -- assurance, guarantee, promise -- ಖಂಡಿತ '''आस-पास''' -- near about, approximately, resembling -- ಸರಿ ಸುಮಾರ್, ಅಂದಾಜ್ ಲ್, ಒರೇ ಪೋಲೆ '''आसक्त''' -- attached, infatuated, enclose -- ದುಂಬ ಪತ್ತಿಯವಂವೊ '''आसक्ति''' -- attachment, fascination, adhere -- ಏರ ಪತ್ತಿಯವೊ '''आसंग''' -- attachment, association, adhere -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಇಪ್ಪತರ, ಪತ್ತಿಯಂಡಿಪ್ಪೊ, ಬುಟ್ಟಿತಿಪ್ಪ್ಲೆ '''आसंजक''' -- adhesive, causing things to adhere, sticky, stick to -- ಅಂಟ್ '''आसज्जा''' -- readiness, prepared, prompt -- ತಯಾರಾಯಿತ್ ಉಳ್ಳೊ, ಸೆರಿಕ್ ಇಪ್ಪೊ '''आसन''' -- seat, act of sitting, posture of sitting -- ಅಳ್ಪ ಜಾಗ, ಅಳ್ಪ, ಅಳ್ಪ ಕ್ರಮ '''आसन्न''' -- adjacent, lying close to, contiguous -- ಪಕ್ಕತುಳ್ಳ್ರ್, ಕೂಡತದ್ '''आसमान''' -- the sky, space, galaxy -- ಬಾನ, ಆಕಾಶ, ಬಾನತ್ ಜಾಗ '''आसरा''' -- reliance, shelter, assistance -- ನೆಲೆ, ಒತ್ತಾಸೆ '''आसवन''' -- distillation, one who distills, manufacturer of alcoholic spirits -- ಬಟ್ಟಿ ಇಳ್ ಪೊ, ಬಟ್ಟಿ ಇಳ್ಪುವಂವೊ '''आसाइस''' -- comfort, ease, well-being -- ಅನುಕೂಲತೆ, ಸುಲಭ, ಚಾಯೋಡೆ ಇಪ್ಪೊ '''आसान''' -- vary, simple, convenient -- ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ, ಅಡಂಬರ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''आसानी''' -- convenience, easiness, favour-able to needs -- ಅನುಕೂಲತೆ, ಸುಲಭತೆ '''आसामी''' -- person, individual, particular candidate -- ಆಸಾಮಿ, ಬೈಂಬ '''आसार''' -- symptom, sign, symbol -- ಗುರ್ ತ್ '''आसीन''' -- seated, inviting, tend to call forth -- ಅಳ್ತ, ಬಪ್ಪಕ್ ಮಾಡಿಯವೊ '''आसुत''' -- distilled, wine, alcoholic spirit -- ಬಟ್ಟಿಕಳ್ಳ್, ಕಳ್ಳ್ '''आसुरी''' -- demonic, brutal, evil spirit -- ರಾಕ್ಷಕಳಿ, ಕೂಳಿ '''आँसू''' -- tear, drop of fluid in or falling from the eye -- ಕಣ್ಣೀರ್ '''आसूचना''' -- intelligence, intellect, quickness of understanding -- ಮಂಡೆಶಕ್ತಿ, ಚುರ್ಕ್ ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''आस्ति''' -- property, estate asset -- ಆಸ್ತಿ, ಜಾಗ, ತೋಟ '''आस्तिक''' -- theist, a devotee, earnestly religious -- ಭಕ್ತ, ದೇವಳ ನಂಬುವಂವೊ, ಧರ್ಮಿಷ್ಠ '''आस्तीन''' -- a sleeve, part of a garment covering the arm, full hand shirt -- ಕುಡ್ತತ್ರ ಕೈ '''आस्थगित''' -- deferred, suspended, stopped -- ನಿಪ್ಪ್ಚಿಟ್ಟದ್, ತಡ್ತದ್, ತಡೆಆನದ್ '''आस्था''' -- faith, belief, devotion -- ನಂಬಿಕೆ, ಭಕ್ತಿ '''आस्थागन''' -- keeping same as, deferment, put off -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಇಡುವೊ '''आस्थान''' -- a base, foundation, basic -- ಮೂಲ, ಅಡಿಪಾಯ '''आस्वाद''' -- flavour, relish, savour -- ವಾಸನೆ, ಗಮನ '''आस्वादन''' -- relishing, appreciate -- ಮೆಚ್ಚುವಂತದ್, ಮೊದ್ ರತ್ ರ '''आहट''' -- noise, sound, extreme happiness -- ಸದ್ದ್, ಬಾರಿ ಖುಷಿ '''आहट''' -- sound -- ಸದ್ದ್ '''आहत''' -- injured, wounded, offended -- ಪೊಯಿತ್, ಗಾಯ (ಆನದ್) '''आहरण''' -- exaction, usurpation, kidnap -- ಪಾರ್ ಚಿಡುವೊ '''आहा''' -- well done, surprise, joy -- ಶಭಾಸ್, ಕುಶಿ, ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ '''आहार''' -- food, diet, victual -- ಊಟ, ಕೂಳ್, ತೀನಿ '''आहार्य''' -- consumable, eatables, fit to eat -- ತಿಂಬಂತ್ದ್ '''आहिस्ता''' -- gradually, moving step by step, slow and steady -- ನಿದಾನತ್ '''आहूत''' -- summoned, called for, sacrifice -- ಅಪ್ಪಣೆ, ಕಾಕ್ಚಿಡುವೊ '''आहूति''' -- an oblation or offering, a sacrifice, dedication, devote to god's service -- ಬಲಿ, ದೇವಕ್ ಒಪ್ಪ್ಚಿಡುವೊ '''आह्लाद''' -- delight, joy, mirth -- ಗೌಜಿ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಕುಶಿಲೇ ಇಪ್ಪೊ '''आह्वान''' -- a call, summons, invocation, citation -- ಕಾಕುವೊ, ಕರೆ, ನಲ್ಲ ಒಕ್ಕಣೆ '''इ''' -- the third letter of the Nagari alphabet, it`s sound corresponds to that of i as in sin -- ಇ '''इक''' -- one, single, alone -- ಒಂದ್, ಒರೇ, ಒಬ್ಬನೇ, ಒಬ್ಬಳೇ, ಒಂದೇ '''इकट्ठा''' -- collected, gathered, to bring together -- ಕೂಟ್ನದ್, ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟ್ನದ್ '''इकतरफ़ा''' -- expel, banish, walk about -- ದೊವುತ್ವೊ, ಓಡ್ ಚಿರ್ '''इकतान''' -- unchanging, similar, monotonic -- ಒರೇ ತರ, ಬದಲಾಗತದ್ '''इकतालीस''' -- fortyone -- ನಾಪತ್ತೊಂದ್ '''इकतीस''' -- thirty-one -- ನುಪ್ಪತ್ತೊಂದ್ '''इकबल''' -- prosperity, good fortune, welfare -- ತಲೆಪತ್ತುವ, ಮೋಳ್ ಕೇರುವ, ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ '''इकबाली गवाह''' -- approver, acceptance, witness -- ಒತ್ತೋವ, ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಗಾರ '''इक़रार''' -- an agreement, contract, promise, bond -- ಒಪ್ಪಂದ ಚೀಟಿ '''इकरारनामा''' -- deed of agreement, a written or printed legal agreement, especially one giving ownership or rights, bearing the signature, legal document -- ಒಪ್ಪಂದ ಚೀಟಿ ನಿರೂಪ '''इकलौता''' -- single, one, only -- ಒಬ್ಬನೇ, ಒಂದ್, ಒಂದೇ '''इकसठ''' -- sixty one -- ಅರ್ ವತ್ತೊಂದ್ '''इकसार''' -- uniform, equivalent, distinctive clothing intended to identify the wearer as a member of a certain organisation -- ಸಮವಸ್ತ್ರ, ಪದ್ದತಿರ ಪೊರಪಾಡ್ '''इकहत्तर''' -- seventy one -- ಏಳ್ವತ್ತೊಂದ್ '''इकहरा''' -- single, alone, lonely -- ಒಬ್ಬನೇ, ಒಂದೇ, ಒಂದ್ '''इकाई''' -- a unit, wing, branch -- ಭಾಗ '''इक्का''' -- a small one horse carriage -- ಟಾಂಗ, ಸಾರೋಟ್ '''इक्कीस''' -- twenty one -- ಇರುವತ್ತೊಂದ್ '''इक्यानवे''' -- ninety one -- ತೊಂಬತ್ತೊಂದ್ '''इक्यावन''' -- fifty one -- ಐಂಬತ್ತೊಂದ್ '''इक्यासी''' -- eighty one -- ಎಂಬತ್ತೊಂದ್ '''इक्षु''' -- sugarcane, a tropical grass with tall jointed stems from which sugar is obtained -- (ಕಯಿಬು) ಕೈಬು '''इख्तिलाफ''' -- discover, opposition, resistance, being hostile or in conflict or disagreement -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿ, ತೇಡ್, ವಿರೋಧ '''इंगला''' -- one of the three, within the three -- ಮೂಂದಾಲ್ ಒಂದ್ '''इंगित''' -- an indication, hint, sign -- ಸೂಚನೆ, ಇಂಟ್ '''इंच''' -- an inch, a measurement, twelfth part of a foot -- ಒರ್ ಇಂಚ್ '''इंचाई''' -- incharge, holding charge, unit head -- ಬದ್ಲ್ ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ, ಗುಂಪ್ ರ ಮುಕ್ರಿ '''इच्छा''' -- desire, wish, ambition -- ಗುರಿ, ಆಸೆ '''इच्छानुसार''' -- according to desire, as requested, as per the requirement -- ಇಷ್ಟಪೋಲೆ, ಆಸೆಪೋಲೆ '''इच्छापात्र''' -- will, determination, that which is desired or determined -- ಮನಸ್ ರ ತೀರ್ಮಾನ '''इच्छाशक्ति''' -- willpower, the mental faculty by which a person decides upon and controls his or her own actions or those of others, to exercise one's willpower -- ಮನಸ್ ರ ಶಕ್ತಿ '''इच्छित''' -- desired, wished for, required for -- ಬಯಿಂದದ್, ಆಸೆಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''इंजन''' -- engine, machine, mechanical instrument -- ಇಂಜಿನ್ '''इंजनड्राइवर''' -- engine driver, operator, technician -- ಇಂಜಿನ್ ಬುಡುವಂವೊ '''इजरा''' -- issue, statement, answer -- ಹೇಳಿಕೆ '''इजलास''' -- court, court of justice, judicial power -- ಕೋರ್ಟ್, ನ್ಯಾಯಾಲಯ '''इजहार''' -- expression, demonstration, statement -- ಎಣ್ಣಿಯವೊ, ಮನತೊರಂದ್ ಪರಿವ '''इजाजत''' -- permission, acceptance, approval -- ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ, ಒತ್ತವ '''इजाफ़ा''' -- augmentation, growth, develop-ment -- ಬೊಳ್ಚೆ '''इजारा''' -- monopoly, lease, exclusive possession of the sale of some commodity or service -- ಗುತ್ತಿಗೆ '''इंजिनीयर''' -- engineer, machinist, organiser -- ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್, ಮೆಶಿನ್ ಸರಿಮಾಡುವಂವೊ ಸರಿಕೂಟುವಾವೊ '''इंजील''' -- machine technology, new testament, engineering -- ಮೆಶಿನ್ ಪಡಿಪ್ '''इंजेक्सन''' -- an injection, force in, throw in -- ಕುತ್ತುವೊ, ಕನಿಚವೊ, ತುರ್ಕಿಯವೊ '''इज्जत''' -- prestige, honour, respect -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ, ಸಮ್ಮಾನ '''इज्जतदार''' -- respectable, honourable, worthy of respect -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ, ಮಾನಶಾಲಿ, ಗೌರವಸ್ಥ '''इज्जतवाला''' -- respectable, honourable, noble -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ, ಗೌರವಸ್ಥ '''इंटर''' -- intermediate, middleclass, 12th standard -- ಎಡೆಲ್ ಬಪ್ಪದ್, ಸಾದಾರಣತ್ರಂವೊ, ಪನ್ನೆರಂಡನೆ ಕ್ಲಾಸ್ '''इठलाना''' -- to strut, to put on airs, strutting walk -- ಮೇಲ್ ಮುರ್ಕಿ ನಡ್ ಪ '''इंतकाम''' -- revenge, avenge oneself, make retaliation for -- ಸೇಡ್, ಸೇಡ್ ತೇತವೊ '''इंतकाल''' -- death, end of life, annihilation -- ಚಾವು, ಮರಣ, ನಾಶಮಾಡುವೊ '''इंतखाब''' -- selection, extract, choose -- ಆಯುವೊ, ಅಂಜವೊ '''इंतजाम''' -- management, arrangement, provided -- ಏರ್ಪಾಡ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಒದಗ್‌ಚಿಡವೊ '''इंतजार''' -- wait, be expecting, attend -- ಪಾರಕಾಪೊ '''इतबार''' -- faith, belief, trust -- ನಂಬಿಗೆ, ನಂಬಿಕೆ '''इतर''' -- other, different, various -- ಬೋರೆ, ಬೋರೆ ತರ, ತರಾವರಿ '''इतवार''' -- serenely -- ಮನಶಾಂತಿರ '''इंतहा''' -- limit, extremity, boundaries -- ಮಿತಿ, ಸರಹದ್ದ್ '''इति''' -- end, conclusion, extremity -- ಕೊನೆ, ಆಕೀರಿ '''इतिवृत्त''' -- chronicle, record of events in order of time, record -- ಕಾಲ ಕೊತ್ತ ದಾಖಲೆ '''इतिश्री''' -- finish, bring to an end, complete -- ತ್ೕಪ '''इतिहास''' -- history, study of past events, record of past events -- ಚರಿತ್ರೆ '''इतिहासकार''' -- historian, writer, author of history -- ಎಳ್ತೆಕಾರ, ಚರಿತ್ರೆಕಾರ '''इत्तफ़ाक''' -- chance, fortune, opportunity -- ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಅವಕಾಶ '''इत्तला''' -- information, notice, intimation -- ಸುದ್ದಿ, ವರ್ತಮಾನ '''इत्तहाद''' -- unity, union, state of being one -- ಒತ್ತೋರ್ಮೆ '''इत्र''' -- perfume, scent, fragrance -- ಸೆಂಟ್ '''इंदराज''' -- an entry, go or come into, one who enters -- ಒಳ್ಕ್ ಕೂಡುವೊ, ನುಗ್ಗುವೊ '''इंदीवर''' -- a blue lotus, blue flower, orchid -- ನೀಲಕಮಲ, ಆರ್ಕಿಡ್ '''इंदु''' -- moon, camphor, planet -- ನೆಲ್‌ಚಿ, ಕರ್ಪೂರ, ಗ್ರಹ '''इंद्रजाल''' -- magic, witch craft, illusion -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ ವಿದ್ಯ, ಮಾಟಮಂತ್ರ '''इंद्रजालक''' -- magician, person practicing witchcraft, mysterious person -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ ವಿದ್ಯ ಮಾಡುವಂವೊ, ಮಂತ್ರಕಾರ, ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಯವಕ್ ಕೈಯ-ತಂವೊ '''इंद्रजाली''' -- deceptive, illusive, mysterious -- ಮೋಸತ್ ರ, ಬಟ್ಟೆತಪ್ಪ್ಚಿಡುವಂತ, ಅರ್ಥಾ-ಆಗತದ್ '''इंद्रिय''' -- sense, an organ of sense or action, the generative organ -- ಇಂದ್ರಿಯ '''इंद्रियग्रहा''' -- perceptible, able to be understand, having or showing insight and sensitive understanding -- ಅರಿವಕ್ ಕೈಯುವದ್ '''इंद्रियवाद''' -- hedonistic, of pleasure, one who believes that pleasure in the chief good in life -- ಸುಖಜೀವಿ, ಭೋಗಜೀವಿ '''इंधन''' -- fuel, material for burning, provide fuel for -- ತಿತ್ತ್ ಕತ್ತುವ ವಸ್ತುವ (ಪುಳ್ಳಿ) '''इधर''' -- this side, this way, showing of the direction here -- ಈ ಬರಿ, ಈಲೆ '''इनकलाब''' -- revolution, extremism, rebellion -- ಗುಜಾಯಿ '''इनकार''' -- refusal, denial, discarded -- ತ್ ಕ್ಕಾರ '''इनाम''' -- prize, reward, remuneration -- ಸಮ್ಮಾನ '''इनायत''' -- favour, obligation, binary promise -- ಮುಲಾಜ್ '''इनेगिने''' -- very few, selected few, selectively -- ಬಾರಿ ಕಮ್ಮಿ, ಆಂಜಿ ಎಡ್ತದ್ '''इन्द्रधनुष''' -- arch of prismatic colors formed in the sky by the sun's rays, a rainbow, seven colors in the bow -- ಮಳೆಬಿಲ್ಲ್ '''इंन्द्रिय ज्ञान''' -- knowledge, gained through senses, perception -- ಅರಿಪು, ಅರಿವು '''इफ़रात''' -- plenty, abundance -- ದುಂಬ, ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್,ಬೋಂಡಿಯಚ್ಚಕ್ '''इबादत''' -- worship, pray, earnest entreaty -- ಪೂಜೋ '''इबादत्तखाना''' -- place of worship, temple, place of prayer for Muslims, mosque -- ತಿರಿಕೆ '''इब्तिदा''' -- beginning, commence, rise -- ಸುರುಮಾಡೊ '''इमला''' -- dictation, choice and use of words, bidding -- ಎಣ್ಣಿತ್ ಎಳ್ದಿಚಿಡೊ '''इमली''' -- tamarind, citric product, its pods -- ಪುಳ್oಜೆ ಪುಳಿ '''इमारत''' -- building, mansion, bungalow -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಮನೆ '''इमारती''' -- timber house, timber building, wood hut -- ಮರತ್ ರ ಮನೆ '''इम्तहान''' -- examination, investigation, evaluation -- ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ '''इयत्ता''' -- boundary, limit, restrict -- ಜಾಗ ಕರೆ '''इरावतन''' -- willfully, deliberately, criticisely -- ಬೋಂಡು ಬೋಂಡೂಂದ್ '''इर्द-गिर्द''' -- around, surroundings, on every side -- ಸುತ್ತ, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಬರಿಯೂ '''इलजाम''' -- allegation, accusation, usage -- ಅಪವಾದ '''इलम''' -- learning, knowledge, skill -- ಪಡಿಪ್ '''इलमी''' -- knowledge, educational, academic -- ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆ, ಪಡಿಪ್ '''इलहाम''' -- revelation, enlightment, clarification -- ಒಳ ಮನಸ್ಸರ ಅರಿವು '''इलाका''' -- area, sphere, region -- ಜಾಗ '''इलाज''' -- treatment, remedy, cure -- ಪರಿಹಾರ, ಚಾಯಿ ಮಾಡೋ, ವಾಸಿ ಮಾಡೋ '''इलायची''' -- cardamom -- ಯಾಲ '''इलाही''' -- o god, o lord, oh Allah -- ದೇವಳ ಕಾಕೊ '''इलितजा''' -- request, entreaty, asking -- ಬೋಡಿಯೊ, ಕೇಟವೊ '''इल्लत''' -- ailment, malady, botheration, nuisance -- ನೊಂಬಲ, ಕಾಯಿಲ '''इल्ली''' -- caterpillar, hairy grub of a moth or butterfly -- ನೆರ್ಪಚೆ '''इशारा''' -- sign, signal, hint, indication -- ಸೂಚನೆ ಕೊಡ್ ಪ '''इश्क़''' -- love, amour, affection -- ಪ್ರೀತಿ, ಕೊದಿ '''इश्कबाज''' -- philanderer, fiance, betrothed -- ಮಂಗಲಾಪಕುಳ್ಳ ಮೂಡಿ, ಮಂಗಲಕುರ್ಚವ '''इष्ट''' -- adored, favoured, desired -- ಕುಸಿರ, ಮೆಚ್ಚನದ್ '''इस''' -- this -- ಇದ್ '''इसरार''' -- insistence, force, holvising -- ಒತ್ತಾಯ '''इसलिए''' -- therefore -- ಆನಗುಂಡ್ '''इंसान''' -- a human being, of man, characteristic of the nature of man -- ಮನ್ಷ್ಯ, ಮಾಲವ '''इंसानियत''' -- humanity, human nature, human race -- ಮನ್ಸತ್ವ '''इंसाफ''' -- justice, court of justice, demand of justice -- ನ್ಯಾಯ '''इस्तीफा''' -- resignation, sacrifice, released from duties -- ರಾಜಿನಾಮೆ, ತ್ಯಾಗ '''इस्तेमाल''' -- use, application, practice -- ಉಪಯೋಗ, ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ '''इस्त्री''' -- an iron -- ಇರ್oಬ್ '''इस्पात''' -- steel, metal, iron -- ಉಕ್ಕ್, ಇರ್oಬ್ '''इस्म''' -- noun, name -- ಪೆದ '''ई''' -- fourth letter of the Nagari alphabet -- ಅಕ್ಷರ ಮಾಲೆರ ನಾಲನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''ईक्षण''' -- seeing, observing, looking -- ನೋಟೊ,ನೋಟ '''ईख''' -- sugar cane -- ಕೈಬು '''ईगुर''' -- vermilion -- ಕುಂಕುಮ ರಂಗ್ '''ईजाद''' -- an invention, investigation, finding -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪೊ '''ईति''' -- calamity, distress -- ಪ್ರಕೃತಿರ ನಾಶ '''ईत्सा''' -- desire, longing, ambition -- ಆಸೆ, ಬಯಕೆ '''ईथर''' -- ether -- ಈಥರ್ ದ್ರವ (ಆಕಾಶ ದ್ರವ್ಯ) '''ईद''' -- Muslim festival -- ತುರ್ಕಡ ನಮ್ಮೆ '''ईदगाह''' -- place of worship and prayer by the Muslims -- ಪಳ್ಳಿ, ಮಸೀದಿ '''ईमान''' -- faith, belief, honesty -- (ನಂಬಿಗೆ) ನಂಬಿಕೆ, ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕತೆ '''ईमानदार''' -- honest, faithful, upright -- ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕ, ಸತ್ಯವಂತ '''ईमानदारी''' -- honesty, integrity, sincerity -- ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕತೆ '''ईर्ष्या''' -- jealousy, envy, greed -- ಕೇಡ್, ದುರಾಸೆ '''ईश''' -- wish, desire -- ಇಚ್ಚೆ ಪಡ್, ಆಸೆಪಡ್ '''ईश''' -- god -- ದೇವಾ, ದೇವ '''ईशान''' -- northeast -- ಈಶಾನ್ಯ '''ईश्वर''' -- god, divinity, godliness -- ದೇವ, ಈಶ್ವರ '''ईश्वर''' -- god -- ದೇವ '''ईश्वरत्व''' -- godhood, godliness -- ದೈವತ್ವ '''ईश्वरवाद''' -- theism -- ಆಸ್ತಿಕ, ದೇವಳ ನಂಬುವ '''ईश्वरवादी''' -- theistic, theist -- ದೇವಳ ನಂಬುವಂವ '''ईश्वरीय''' -- divine, godlike -- ಪವಿತ್ರ, ಪುಣ್ಯ '''ईश्वरीय देन''' -- divine gift -- ದೇವಡ ವರ '''ईषत्''' -- little, partly -- ಚರಿಯ, ಚನ್ನ, ಭಾಗ '''ईष्र्यालु''' -- envious, jealous, greedy -- ದುರಾಸೆಕಾರ '''ईसबगोल''' -- a medicinal plant and its seed -- ಮದ್ದ್ ಗಿಡ '''ईसवी''' -- pertaining to Christ -- ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತಂಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''ईसवी''' -- belonging to Jesus Christ -- ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತಂಡದ್ '''ईसा''' -- Jesus Christ -- ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ '''ईसाई''' -- a Christian, follower of the Christian faith -- ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮಕಾರ '''उ''' -- fifth letter, vowel of the Nagari alphabet -- ಅಕ್ಷರ ಮಾಲೆಲ್ ಅಂಜನೇ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''उकसाना''' -- to raise, to incite, to provoke -- ಎತ್ತಿಕಟ್ಟುವೊ, ಅರಂಗೇತುವೊ '''उक्त''' -- social, stated, mentioned -- ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕವಾನ, ಎಣ್ಣ್ನದ್ '''उक्ति''' -- saying, stated, opinion -- ತಕ್ಕ್, ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''उखाडना''' -- to eradicate, to reproof, to avoid -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ಚಿಡುವ '''उगना''' -- to grow, germinate, to prosper -- ಬೊಳಿಯೊ '''उंगल''' -- finger, the measure of finger, length of the finger -- ಬೆರ '''उगलना''' -- to spit out, to vomit out -- ತುಪ್ಪುವೊ, ಕಾರುವೊ '''उंगली''' -- a finger, one of the jointed branches of the hand, various things like this v.t. touch or handle with the fingers -- ಕೈಬೆರ '''उंगली-छाप''' -- finger print -- ಬೆರತ್ ರ ಅಚ್ಚಿ '''उगही''' -- realisation, collection -- ಅರಿವಾಪ, ಅರ್oಜವ '''उगाना''' -- to cause to germinate, grow to plant -- ಮೊಳೆಬಪ್ಪ್ಚಿಡುವೊ '''उगाल''' -- spittle -- ತುಪ್ಪ್ ನೀರ್, ಜಲ್ಲ್ '''उगाहना''' -- to collect, realize -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟೊ, ಪೊರ್ಕೊ '''उग्र''' -- violent, radical, aggressive -- ಉಗ್ರ, ಉಗ್ರಸ್ವರೂಪಿ '''उग्रपंथी''' -- aggressive nature, aggressive egology, extreme views -- ದುಷ್ಟ ಸ್ವಭಾವ '''उग्रावाद''' -- extremism, violent, radiation -- ಉಗ್ರತನ '''उघडना''' -- to be exposed, exposure -- ಪೊರಬೂಕ್ '''उचतखाता''' -- suspense account -- ಅಲಾಯಿದ ಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''उचान''' -- height, measure from base to top, quality of being high -- ಎತ್ತರ, ಒದರ '''उंचास''' -- forty nine -- ನಾಪತ್ತ್ ಒಯಿಂಬದ್ '''उचित''' -- proper, right, suitable -- ಸೆರಿಯಾನ, ಸರಿ '''उच्च''' -- high, tall, top -- ಎತ್ತರ, ಉದ್ದ '''उच्चतम''' -- highest, maximum, greatest -- ಎತ್ತರತ್ರ, ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗ್oಜಿ ಬಲ್ಯದ್ '''उच्चदरी''' -- high ideal -- ಮಾದರಿ '''उच्चन्यायालय''' -- high court -- ಹೈಕೋರ್ಟ್ '''उच्चरित''' -- uttered, pronounced, spoken -- ಪರ್oದದ್ '''उच्चवर्ग''' -- upper class -- ಬಲ್ಯಕುಳ '''उच्चाकांक्षा''' -- noble, high ambition -- ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ, ಬಲ್ಯಆಸೆ '''उच्चाधिकारी''' -- high officer -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಆಫೀಸರ್ '''उच्चारण''' -- pronunciation -- ಎಣ್ಣುವ '''उच्छल कूद''' -- gambol, romping, capering -- ತುಳ್ಳಿಕಳಿಪ '''उच्छलना''' -- to leap to jump, to spring -- ಪಾರುವ, ತುಳ್ಳಿತ್ ಪಾರುವ '''उंच्छाइ''' -- drowsiness, doziness -- ವರ್ಕ್ ತೂಂಗುವ, ವರ್ಕ್ ಕಣ್ಣ್ '''उच्छालना''' -- to toss, to throw up -- ಮ್ಯಾಲೆ ಚಾಡೊ, ಮೇಲೆ ಕನಿಪ '''उच्छिन्न''' -- dilapidated, digestion, enzyme system -- ಪಾಳಾನ, ಪಾಳ್ ಬುದ್ಧ '''उच्छिष्ठ''' -- residual, remain, balance -- ಉಳ್oಜದ್, ಮಿಕ್ಕ್ನದ್ '''उच्छृंखल''' -- indisciplined, unrestrained, cheeky -- ಆಶಿಸ್ತ್, ಪುಡ್ತೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''उच्छेद''' -- extraction, ruin, destruction -- ಪಾಳ್ ಮಾಡೊ '''उच्छ्वसन''' -- expiration, exhalation, long breath -- ನೇಳ ಉಸಿರ್, ಉಸಿರೆಡ್ಪ '''उजडना''' -- to be deserted, to departed, to be ruined, laid waste -- ಬುಟ್ಟ್ ರ್ ವ '''उजड्ड''' -- boorish, ill mannered, rough -- ಒರಟ '''उजबक''' -- stupid, idiotic -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ, ಪೆದ್ದ '''उजरत''' -- wages, remuneration, salary -- ಸೆಂಬಳ, ಕೂಲಿ '''उजला''' -- clean, bright, white -- ಮನಾರ, ಬೊಳ್ತದ್ '''उजलापन''' -- whiteness, brightness, shining -- ಬೊಳ್ ಪ್ '''उजागर''' -- brilliant, renowned, popular -- ಉಸಾರುಳ್ಳ, ಪೆದಪೋನ '''उजाड''' -- deserted, barren, waste -- ಪಡ್ಬುಟ್ಟದ್, ಬೋಂಡತದ್ '''उजाडना''' -- to ruin, disturb, damage -- ಗಲಾಟೆ ಮಾಡೊ, ನಾಶ '''उजाडू''' -- deserted, barren, waste -- ಬೋಂಡತೆ ಬುಟ್ಟದ್ '''उजाला''' -- light, bright, shining -- ಮಿನ್ನುವದ್ '''उज्ज्वल''' -- bright, shining future -- ಮಿನ್ನುವದ್ '''उज्र''' -- objection, restrict, deficiency -- ಆಕ್ಷೇಪಣೆ '''उज्रदारी''' -- objection, problem, restriction -- ಆಕ್ಷೇಪಣೆ, ಸಮಸ್ಯೆ '''उझकना''' -- to peep, down, to be on tip-toe, to have a peep -- ಬಗ್ಗಿ ನೋಟೊ, ಉಳಿನೋಟೊ '''उठगाना''' -- to recline against some support, rest -- ಸಹಾಯತ್ನ ತಿರಸ್ಕಾರ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''उठते-बैठने''' -- all the time, all too often -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಸಮಯತ್, ಅಕ್ಕಕ್ಕ '''उठना''' -- to raise, to get up, to stand -- ಎದ್ದ್ ನಿಪ್ಪೊ, ನಿಪ್ಪೊ '''उठवाना''' -- to course to raise, lift -- ಎಪ್ಪ್ವ, ನೇತುವ '''उठाईगीरा''' -- petty thief, pilferer, pilferage -- ಕಳ್ಳ, ಕಳ್ಳತನ '''उठान''' -- build, extend, lift -- ಕಟ್ಟೊ, ಕೆಟ್ಟವೊ '''उठाना''' -- to raise, to lift, to begin -- ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪ, ನೇತುವ, ಸುರುಮಾಡುವ '''उठाव''' -- bulge, protuberance -- (ಉಬ್ಬ್) ಉಬ್ಬುವ '''उडकू''' -- flier, absconder, spacer -- ತಪ್ಪ್ಚಿಟ್ಟವಂವ '''उडना''' -- to fly -- (ಪಾರೊ) ಪಾರುವ '''उडाऊ''' -- extravagant, unlimited, unbalanced -- ಭಾರೀ ಖರ್ಚಗಾರ, ದುಂದ್ವೆಚ್ಚಕಾರ '''उडान''' -- a flight -- ಪಾರಾಟ '''उडाना''' -- to fly, to blow away -- ಪಾರ್ಚಿಡುವ '''उडीसा''' -- a state -- ರಾಜ್ಯ '''उंडेलना''' -- to pour -- ಬೂಕೊ '''उड्डयन''' -- aviation, flight, aviation dept =bÂ÷b÷ªÉxÉ, =bÂ÷÷xÉä EòɨÉ, ´ÉɪÉÖªÉÉxɺɨ¤ÉxvÉÒ -- ವಿಮಾನ ಪಾರಟ '''उतरना''' -- to get down, come down, to alight -- ಅಡಿಕ್ ಇಳಿಯೊ '''उतराई''' -- descent, slope, ferry toll -- ಇಳಿಜಾರ್ '''उतराव''' -- decline, nonacceptance, damage -- ಹಾನಿ, ಕ್ಷೀಣ ಆಪೆ, ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಆಪ '''उतार''' -- descent -- ಕೇದಕ್ ಇಳಿ '''उतार-चढाव''' -- ups and downs -- (ಉಬ್ಬು, ತಗ್ಗ್) ಅಡಿಕು, ಕೊಡಿಕೂ '''उतारू''' -- bent upon, intent -- ಮಾಡಿಯೆ ಮಾಡುವಿಂದ್ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ '''उतावला''' -- excessively eager, very impatient, very anxious -- ದುಂಬಾ ಕುತೂಹಲ '''उत्कंठा''' -- curiosities -- ಅರಿವ ಆಸೆ '''उत्कंठित''' -- curious, eager, keenly, desirous -- ಅರ್oಜವಕ್ ಆತುರ '''उत्करम''' -- reversal, breakage -- ರದ್ದ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''उत्कर्ष''' -- exaltation, excellence, eminent -- ಕೊಡಿಕೊಡಿಕ್ ಪೋಪ '''उत्कीर्ण''' -- engraved, carved, inscribed -- ಕೊರಂದದ್ '''उत्कृष्ट''' -- excellent, eminent -- ಭಾರೀ ನಲ್ಲದ್, ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠವಾನದ್ '''उत्केन्द्र''' -- eccentric -- ಮನಸೊ ಇಚ್ಚೆ '''उत्कोच''' -- bribe, illegal, unauthorised -- ಲಂಚ, ಕಾನೂನ್ಕ್ ಒಳಪಡತದ್ '''उत्कोच-ग्रहण''' -- acceptance of bribe -- ಲಂಚ ಎಡ್ತವ '''उत्क्षिप्त''' -- ejected, throw out, expel -- ಪೊರಮೆ ಇಡ್, ಓಡ್ ಚಿಡ್, ದೌತುವೊ '''उत्क्षेपण''' -- throwing upward, ejection, projection -- ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ಚಾಡುವ '''उत्खनन''' -- digging, excavation, hollow out -- ನೆಲಕಳಪ '''उत्तप्त''' -- hot, heated, excited -- ಬಿಸಿ, ಬೆಕ್ಕೆರ ಚೌಡ್oಙನೆ '''उत्तम''' -- the best, excellent, eminent -- ಭಾರೀ ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''उत्तम पुरुष''' -- first person, noble man, member of the nobility -- ನಲ್ಲಂವ, ನಲ್ಲ ಮನ್ ಸ '''उत्तमोत्तम''' -- very best, topping, choicest -- ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗ್oಜಿ ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''उत्तर''' -- reply, answer, north -- ಜವಾಬ್, ಉತ್ತರ, ಬಡ್ಕ್ ದಿಕ್ಕ್ '''उत्तर जीवन''' -- survival, survivor, person who belives in ensuring personal survival of a catastrophic event by arming himself and often by living -- ಬದ್ಕಿತಿಪ್ಪ, ಬದ್ ಕಿ ಬಂದಂವ '''उत्तर-प्रत्युत्तर''' -- question & answer, counter argument, argument -- ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಉತ್ತರವಾದ '''उत्तरदाता''' -- answerable, responsible, liable to answer -- ಉತ್ತರ ಕೊಡ್ಕಂಡಿಯದ್, ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''उत्तरदाना''' -- bequest, legacy, anything left by a will -- ಮರಣ ಪತ್ರ '''उत्तरदायित्व''' -- responsibility, answerable, liable to answer -- ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿಕೆ '''उत्तरपक्ष''' -- respondent, replying, one who answered -- ಉತ್ತರ ಕೊಡ್ಪಂವ '''उत्तरभोगी''' -- a reversioner, one holding a reversionary right, revert -- ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿ ಕಾರಿಕ್ ಬುಟ್ಟ್ ಕೊಡ್ಪ '''उत्तरवर्ती''' -- subsequent, coming next after, forth coming -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪದ್ '''उत्तराधिकार''' -- in heritance, succession, following -- ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರ '''उत्तरीय''' -- northern -- ಬಡಕ್ ರ, ಉತ್ತರತ್ ರ '''उत्तरोत्तर''' -- progressively, successive, by and by -- ಕರಂದಲೆಂಜಿ ಕರಂದಲೆಕ್ '''उत्ताप''' -- intense heat, mental agony, pain -- ದುಂಬಾಚೂಡ್, ಮನಸ್ರ ನೊಂಬಲ '''उत्ताल''' -- riding very high, wave -- ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ಸವಾರಿ, ಅಲೆ '''उत्तीर्ण''' -- passed, promoted, success -- ಪಾಸಾನ, ಗೆದ್ದ '''उत्तेजक''' -- provocative, exciting, instigating -- ಅರಂಗೇತುವ, ಒಳಸಂಚ್ '''उत्तेजना''' -- provocation, excitement, agitation -- ಅರಂಗೇತುವ, ಆವೇಶ '''उत्तेजनापूर्ण''' -- provocative, full of provocation, forcing -- ಮಿಂಞಕುಳ್ಪ '''उत्तोलक''' -- lift, lever, crane -- ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ನೇತುವದ್ '''उत्पत्ति''' -- production. producing, things produced -- ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿ '''उत्पत्ति''' -- elevation, uplifting, upraising -- ಎತ್ತರ, ಕೊಡಿಕ್ನೇತ್ '''उत्पन्न''' -- produced, born -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್ನ, ಬೊಳ್ತ್ನದ್ '''उत्पात''' -- mischief, naughty conduct -- ಕೇಡ್, ಕೇಡ್ಕೇತರೆ '''उत्पाद''' -- product, making a material, to develop -- ಬೊಳ್ತ್ನದ್, ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿ '''उत्पादक''' -- producer, maker, making of material -- ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿ ಮಾಡುವಂವ, ಬೊಳ್ತ್ನಂವ '''उत्पादन''' -- production, produce, output -- ಉತ್ಪನ್ನ, ಬೊಳೆ '''उत्पीडक''' -- oppressive, oppressor, press down -- ಅಡಿಕ್ ಒತ್ತೊ, ತಾಕುವ '''उत्प्रवास''' -- immigration, go and settle in another country, settled in another place for long standing -- ವಲಸೆ '''उत्प्रेक्षा''' -- poetical fancy, a figure of speech, a kind of simile -- ಉಪಮೆ, ಅಲಂಕಾರ '''उत्प्रेरण''' -- activation, chemical change effected by catalyst -- ಚಾಲನೆ '''उत्फुल्ला''' -- blossomed, delighted, flower bud -- ಬೀಂದದ್ '''उत्रमावस्ता''' -- superlative degree, in the highest degree, adverb -- ಬಲ್ಯದಾಕಿತ್ ಎಳ್ದ್ ವ '''उत्स''' -- fountain, spring, source -- ನೀರ್ ಪಾರುವ, ಮೂಲ '''उत्सर्ग''' -- abandonment, sacrifice, sacrificed -- ಪರಿತ್ಯಾಗ '''उत्सव''' -- festival, holiday, joyous -- ನಮ್ಮೆ, ರಜ '''उत्साह''' -- enthusiasm, zeal, ardent eagerness -- ಉತ್ಸಾಹ '''उत्साहपूर्वक''' -- enthusiastically, zealously, inspiration -- ಉತ್ಸಾಹತ್ಲ್, ಉತ್ತೇಜನ '''उत्साहित''' -- encouraged, filled with enthusiasm, joyfully -- ಧೈರ್ಯ ಕೊಡ್ಪಂವ '''उत्सुक''' -- curious, eager, full of keen desire -- ಕುತೂಹಲ '''उत्सेध''' -- elevation, raising, lift up -- ನೇಂದ ಎತ್ತರ '''उथल-पुथल''' -- upheaval, violent change in affairs, turmoil -- ಏರಳಿತ, ಊಕಕೇತ '''उथला''' -- shallow, not deep, shoal -- ಪರಂದ ಜಾಗ, ಪರ್ಪ್ '''उदग्र''' -- vertical, upright, overhead -- ನೇರೆ ನಿಂದದ್ '''उदंत''' -- report, news, details -- ವರದಿ, ವರ್ತಮಾನ, ಸುದ್ದಿ '''उदधि''' -- sea, ocean, mass of solid water, covering most of the earth -- ಸಮುದ್ರ, ಕಡ '''उदय''' -- rising, move upward, reach a higher level -- ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ನೇರುವ '''उदयाचल''' -- rising sun, move upwards, reach a higher level -- ಉದಿಪ ಸೂರ್ಯ '''उदर''' -- abdomen, stomach, digestive tracts -- ಕೆಲ, ಕ್ ಬ್ಬೊಟ್ಟೆ '''उदरस्थ''' -- swallowed, to swallow, an act of swallowing -- ಮುಗ್ಗುವ '''उदात्त''' -- lofty, sublime, of great height -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಎತ್ತರ, ಕನಿಪ '''उदार''' -- liberal, broadminded, generous -- ಉದಾರ, ಬಲ್ಯಮನಸ್ '''उदारता''' -- generosity, noble minded, liberal -- ಉದಾರತೆ, ನಲ್ಲಮನಸ್ '''उदास''' -- sad, morose, gloomy -- ಬೇಜಾರ್, ಬೇರ '''उदासी''' -- sadness, moroseness, gloom -- ಬೇರತ, ಮಂಕ್ '''उदासीन''' -- indifferent, apathetic, want of feeling -- ಉದಾಸೀನ '''उदाहरण''' -- an example -- ಉದಾಹರಣೆ '''उदित''' -- risen, ascended -- ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ನೇಂದದ್ '''उद्गम''' -- origin, source, basic -- ಮೂಲ '''उद्घाटन''' -- inauguration, release, opening ceremony -- ಬುಡುಗಡೆ, ಉದ್ಗಾಟನೆ '''उद्घोष''' -- proclamation, loud call, announcement -- ಸಾರುವ '''उद्घोषण''' -- announcement, loud call, proclaimed -- ಸಾರಿತ್ ಎಣ್ಣುವ, ಘೋಷಣೆ '''उद्दंड''' -- contumelious, rude and impertinent, rough mind -- ವಿನಯ ಇಲ್ಲತ, ಒರಟ '''उद्दाम''' -- violent, unbound, strong -- ಗೆಟ್ಟಿಯಾನ, ಉಗ್ರ, ಜೋರಾನ '''उद्दीपक''' -- stimulant, rouse up, producing a temporary increase of energy -- ಶಕ್ತಿ ಕೊಡ್ಪಂತ, ಉತ್ತೇಜನ ಕೊಡ್ಪಂತ '''उद्दीप्त''' -- stimulated, provoked, something that rouses to activity -- ಪುರ್ಡ್ ಪುಟ್ಟ್ಚಿಡುವ '''उद्देश्य''' -- object, motive, aim -- ಗುರಿ, ಉದ್ದೇಶ, ಪೋಕ್ '''उद्धरण''' -- quotation, excerpt, citation -- ಒತ್ತಿ ತೆಣ್ಣುವ, ಆಂಜಿತೆಣ್ಣುವ '''उद्धार''' -- rescue, deliverance, redemption -- ಬುಡ್ ಗಡೆ '''उद्धारक''' -- uplifter, redeemer, rescuer -- ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ನೇತುವಂವ, ಕಾಪಾಡುವಂವ '''उद्धासन''' -- displacement, ruin, distraction -- ಜಾಗಬದಲಾಕುವ, ನಾಶ '''उद्धिग्नता''' -- perturbation, agitation, revolution -- ತೊಂದರೆ, ಗಲಾಟೆ, ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ '''उद्बुद्ध''' -- enlightened, factually well informed, tolerant of alternative opinions, and guided by rational thought -- ಜ್ಞಾನೋದಯ ಆನದ್ '''उद्बोधक''' -- a teacher, preacher, father -- ಉಪಾದ್ರಿ, ಅಪ್ಪ '''उद्बोधन''' -- awakening, consciousness knowledge -- ಎಚ್ಚರಾಪ, ಪುರ್ ಡ್ ಪುಟ್ಟ ನ '''उद्भट''' -- great, pre-eminent, scholar -- ಬಲ್ಯ, ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ '''उद्भव''' -- coming into existence, birth, origin -- ಪುಟ್ಟುವ, ಪೊರಬೂವ '''उद्भावन''' -- invention, thought, fancy -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪ, ಶೋಧನೆ '''उद्भास''' -- illumination, radiance, lustre -- ಕಾಂತಿ, ಬೊಳಿ '''उद्भ्रान्त''' -- bewildered, distracted, confused -- ಗಾಬರಿ ಪಡ್ ತ್ ವದ್ '''उद्यम''' -- enterprise, diligence, extortion -- ಸಾಸ, (ಸಾಹಸ) '''उद्यमी''' -- energetic, diligent, industrious -- ನಯಿಪ್ ಕಾರ, ನಲ್ಲ ಪಣಿಕಾರ '''उद्यान''' -- park, garden, horticulture -- ಪೂತೋಟ '''उधर''' -- there, tither, on that side -- ಅಲ್ಲಿ, ಆ ಬರಿ '''उधार''' -- debt, loan, credit -- ಸಾಲ '''उनसठ''' -- fifty nine -- ಐಂಬತೊಯಿಂಬದ್ '''उनहत्तर''' -- sixty nine -- ಅರವತ್ತೊಯಿಂದ್ '''उन्नत''' -- high, elevated, lofty -- ಎತ್ತರ '''उन्नत्ति''' -- progress, development, growth -- ಬೊಳಚೆ, ಪ್ರಗತಿ '''उन्नसी''' -- nineteen -- ಪತ್ತೊಯಿಂಬದ್ '''उन्मत्त''' -- intoxicated, drunk, wild -- ಮಂಡೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತುವ, ಕುಡಿಚಂವ '''उन्माद''' -- hysteria -- (ಪುಚ್ಚ್) ಸನ್ನಿ '''उन्मुक्त''' -- liberated, freedom, free from bondage -- ಬುಡ್ ಗಡೆ ಆನವೊ '''उन्मुख''' -- inclined, disposed -- ಬಗ್ಗ್ ಚಿಟ್ಟದ್, ಜೌಟ್ ನದ್ '''उन्मुलन''' -- uprooting, abolition -- ಬೇರ್ ಬಲಿಪ, ಬಲ್ ಚಿ ಎಡ್ಪ, ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''उन्मूलन''' -- prevention -- ತಡಪ, ತಪ್ಪ್ ಚಿರುವದ್ '''उन्मोचन''' -- discharge -- ಭಾರ ಉಳ್ ಪ್, ಎಣ್ಣ್ ನ ಪಣಿಮಾಡ್ '''उन्मोचित''' -- redeemed, rescued, liberated, set free -- ಬುಡ್ ಗಡೆ ಮಾಡ್ ನದ್ '''उन्यासी''' -- seventy nine -- ಎಳ್ ವತ್ತೊಂಬದ್ '''उपकरण''' -- appliance, equipment -- ಪಣಿಕ್ ಬೋಂಡಿಯ ಸಾಮಾನ್ '''उपकार''' -- beneficence, good -- ನಲ್ಲರಿಕೆ, ಉಪಕಾರ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''उपकुलपति''' -- vice chancellor -- ಉಪಕುಲಪತಿ '''उपक्रम''' -- to undertake, preparation, initiative -- ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿಕೆ ಪೊರತವ, ವಹಿಸಿಯವ '''उपग्रह''' -- satellite -- ಉಪಗ್ರಹ '''उपघातक''' -- striker, hitter, smatter -- ಪೊಯ್ಯುವಂವ '''उपचार''' -- treatment, remedy, nursing -- ಆರೈಕೆ '''उपचित''' -- culled, gathered -- ಪೊರ್ ಕ್, ಆಂಜಿತೆಡ್ ತದ್ '''उपज''' -- produce, product, yield -- ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿ '''उपजा''' -- to sprout, spring up, to grow -- ಮೊಳೆಬಪ್ಪ, ಬೊಳೆಯುವ '''उपजाऊ''' -- fertile, productive -- ಸತ್ವ, ಸಾರವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಫಲವತ್ತಾನದ್ '''उपजीवी''' -- dependent, subsisting on another -- ಒಬ್ಬನ ನಂಬಿತಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''उपज्ञा''' -- discovery, invention -- ಕಂಡುಪುಡಿಪೊ '''उपदान''' -- subsidy -- ಸಹಾಯಪಣ (ಸಾಯಪಣ) '''उपदेश''' -- sermon, advice, preaching -- ಬೋಧನೆ '''उपदेशक''' -- preacher, sermoniser, priest -- ಪೂಜೆಕಾರ, ಬೋಧನೆ ಮಾಡುವಂವೊ '''उपद्रव''' -- disturbance, trouble, riot -- ತೊಂದರೆ '''उपद्वीप''' -- island, subland -- ದ್ವೀಪ '''उपधा''' -- fraud -- ಮೋಸಕಾರ '''उपनगर''' -- suburb -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಪೇಟೆ '''उपनाम''' -- pseudo name -- ಅಡ್ಡಪೆದ '''उपनियम''' -- a bye law, subrule -- ಒಳನಿಯಮ '''उपनिवेशिक''' -- colonial -- ವಸಾಹತಿರ '''उपन्यास''' -- novel -- ಕಾದಂಬರಿ '''उपपत्ति''' -- proof, evidence -- ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ '''उपप्रमेय''' -- corollary, theory, estimate -- ಅಂದಾಜ್ ಮಾಡೊ, ಪರಿಣಾಮ, ಪಲಿತಾಂಶ '''उपबन्ध''' -- provision -- ಚತ್ತೆ ಸಾಮಾನ '''उपभुक्त''' -- consumed -- ತಿಂಬೊ '''उपभेद''' -- subdivision -- (ದಂಡ ಭಾಗ) ಉಪಭಾಗ '''उपभोग''' -- enjoyment -- ಕುಸಿ '''उपभोज्य''' -- eatable -- ತಿಂಬಂತದ್ '''उपयुक्त''' -- proper, fit, suitable -- ಸರಿಯಾನ '''उपयोग''' -- use, utilization -- ಬಳ್ ಸಿಯೊ '''उपयोगित''' -- usefulness, utility, to come into use -- ಉಪಯೋಗಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪದ್ '''उपयोगी''' -- useful, helpful -- ಉಪಯೋಗ, ಸಹಾಯ ಆಪದ್ '''उपरफट्टू''' -- superflous, additional -- (ಕೂಟೋದ್) ಜಾಸ್ತಿಯಾನದ್, ಬೋಂಡಿ-ಯಾಂಗ್ ಜಿ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''उपरान्त''' -- after, afterwards -- ಬಯ್ಯ, ಅದಾನದು, ಪಿಂಞ '''उपरिलिखित''' -- above given -- ಕೊಡಿಲ್ ಎಣ್ಣ್ ನದ್, ಮೇಲೆ ಕೊಡ್ತದ್ '''उपर्युक्त''' -- aforesaid, above mentioned -- ಕೋಡಿಲ್ ಎಣ್ಣ್ ನದ್, ಕೊಡಿಲ್ ತಂದದ್ '''उपल''' -- hail, stone -- ಆಲಿಕಲ್ಲ್ '''उपलब्द''' -- available, attained -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟುವಂತ, ಕಟ್ಟ್ ನಂತದ್ '''उपलब्द''' -- available -- ಕ್ ಟ್ಟೋದ್ '''उपलब्दि''' -- achievement, attainment, knowledge -- ಸಾಧನೆ, ನಲ್ಲಜ್ಞಾನ '''उपलादाय''' -- object, purpose, occasion of -- ವಸ್ತು '''उपवन''' -- park -- ಪೂಗಿಡ ತೋಟ '''उपवाक्य''' -- a clause -- ವಾಕ್ಯತ್ರ ಭಾಗ, ಒಕ್ಕಣೆರ ಭಾಗ '''उपवास''' -- fast -- ಪಟ್ಟಣಿ '''उपशमन''' -- pacifying, abatement, assuagement -- ಪೂಸಿ ಮಾಡೊ ಸಮಾಧಾನ ಮಾಡುವ '''उपसंपादक''' -- a self- editor -- ತಾನೆ ಸಂಪಾದಕ '''उपसंहार''' -- concluding chapter -- ತ್ೕಪ ಅಧ್ಯಾಯ '''उपसंहारात्मक''' -- concluding -- ತ್ ದದ್, ತ್Þರುವದ್ '''उपसाधक''' -- accessory -- ಬುಡ್ ಭಾಗ '''उपस्कर''' -- equipment -- ಸಾಮಾನ (ಪಣಿರ ಸಾಮಾನ) '''उपस्थापना''' -- presentation -- ಕಾಟ್, ಇನಾಂಕೊಡ್, ಒಪ್ಪ್ ಚಿಡ್ '''उपस्थिति''' -- present -- ಇಪ್ಪ, ಹಾಜರಿ, ಇನಾಂ '''उपहास''' -- ridiculous -- ತೆಳಿಪಕ್ಕುಳ್ಳದ್, ಹಾಸ್ಯಾಸ್ಪದ '''उपाख्यान''' -- an episode -- ಅಧ್ಯಾಯ '''उपांग''' -- an accessory organ -- ಬುಡ್ ಭಾಗ '''उपांग''' -- a border, edge -- ಅರು, ಬರಿ, ಬಕ್ಕ್ '''उपादेय''' -- useful -- ಉಪಯೋಗ ಆಪಂತದ್, ಬೋಂಡ್ಯದ್ '''उपाय''' -- remedy -- ಪರಿಹಾರ '''उपाय''' -- degree, qualification -- ಪದವಿ, ಎಳ್ತ್, ವಿದ್ಯ '''उपासक''' -- worshipper -- ಪೂಜೆಗಾರ, ದೇವಳ ತೊಪ್ಪಂವೊ '''उपाहार''' -- refreshment -- ಪಲಾರ '''उपेक्षणीय''' -- negligible, ignored, discarded -- ಗ್ಯಾನ ಕೊಡಕತದ್, ಲೆಕ್ಕಕಿಲ್ಲತದ್ '''उपेक्षा''' -- negligence, indifference, discarded -- ಬುಟ್ಟಾಕುವ, ಲೆಕ್ಕಕಿಲ್ಲತಾಕುವೊ '''उपोदघात''' -- foreword, prolegomenon -- ಮುಂಬೆಳ್ತ್, ಮುಂಜೊಲ್ಲ್ '''उबालना''' -- to boil -- ಕುದಿಪೊ '''उभय''' -- both -- ದಂಡೂ '''उभरना''' -- to emerge, to come out, to swell up, to upheave -- ಕೂಡೊ, ಫೊರಮೆಬಪ್ಪೊ '''उमंग''' -- aspiration, enthusiasm, zeal -- ಅರಿಯೋ ಆಸೆ '''उमदा''' -- excellent, nice, fine -- ಬಾರಿ ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳ '''उमेठना''' -- to twist, to wind -- ತಿರ್ಕೊ '''उम्मीद''' -- hope, expecting -- ನಂಬಿಕೆ '''उम्मीदवार''' -- candidate, to stand as a candidate, hopefully standing -- ಅಭ್ಯರ್ಥಿ '''उम्र''' -- age -- ವಯಸ್ಸ್ '''उरू''' -- thigh -- ತೊಡೆ '''उरूज''' -- advancement, rise, ascendary -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಇಡೊ '''उर्वर''' -- fertile -- ಸತ್ವ '''उलझट्टा''' -- complication -- ತೊಂದರೆ '''उलझव''' -- complication, complexity, intricacy -- ಜಿಕ್, ತೊಡಕ್ '''उलझाव''' -- entanglement, involvement -- ಮುಳಿಯೋಪೊ, ಕೈಇಡೊ '''उलटना''' -- to turn over, to reverse, to turn back -- ತಿರೊ, ಬಯ್ಯಕೆ ತಿರೊ, ತಿರಿತ್ ಬೂವೊ '''उलटफेर''' -- shuffling, changes, reversible -- ಮಿಸ್ರಮಾಡೊ, ಬದಲಾಕೊ '''उलटा''' -- reverse, inverse -- ತಿರೊ '''उलटा-सीधा''' -- vomit -- ಕಾರೊ '''उलटाना''' -- to invert, to reverse -- ಮರಿಪೊ, ಅಡಿಕೊಡಿ ಮಾಡೊ '''उलटाना''' -- inappropriate, improper -- ಸರಿಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''उलटी''' -- perverse -- ಮೂರ್ಖ, ಡೊಂಕುಬುದ್ಧಿ '''उलफ़त''' -- love, sensual love -- ಪ್ರೀತಿ, ಕೊದಿ '''उल्लंघन''' -- violation, overstepping, transgression -- ಹದ್ದ್ ಮೀರೊ '''उल्लसित''' -- joyous, jubilant, exhilatated -- ಕುಸೀಲ್ ಇಪ್ಪ '''उल्लास''' -- joy, jubilation, exhilaration -- ಕುಸಿ '''उल्लिखित''' -- referred, above mentioned, above written -- ಮೇಲೆ ಎಣ್ಣ್ ನಾ '''उल्लू''' -- an owl, an idiot, a fool -- ಗೂಮ, ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''उल्लेख''' -- mention, cition, marked -- ಎಣ್ಣೋ, ಗುರ್ ಮಾಡೊ '''उल्लेखनीय''' -- remarkable, worth mentioning, notable -- ಎದ್ದ್ ಕಾಂಬೊ, ಎಣ್ಣುವಕ್ ಯೋಗ್ಯಆನದ್ '''उषाकाल''' -- dawn, day break, morning -- ಪೊಲಾಕ '''उसूल''' -- principle -- ತತ್ವ '''उसूलन''' -- in principle -- ತತ್ವ '''उसूली''' -- principles -- ತತ್ವ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''उस्ताद''' -- a teacher, master, scholar -- ಉಪಾದ್ರಿ, ದುಂಬ ಪಡಚಂವೊ '''उस्तादी''' -- profession or status of a teacher, cleverness, tactics -- ಚಾಕರಿ '''उस्तादी हाथ''' -- master stroke -- ನಲ್ಲಪಣಿ '''ऊ''' -- the sixth letter (vowel) of the Nagari alphabet -- ನಾಗರಿ ಏಳ್ತ್ರ ಆರನೇ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''ऊँघ''' -- drowsiness, half sleep, lulling -- ಪಾದಿ ಒರ್ ಕ್ '''ऊँघना''' -- to snooze, to doze, to take a snooze -- ಒರೊ '''ऊँच''' -- high, noble, belonging to the aristocracy by birth or rank -- ಎತ್ತರ, ಬಲ್ಯ '''ऊँचनीच''' -- pros and cons, the high and low, distinction between high and low -- ಕೊಡಿ ಅಡಿ '''ऊँचा''' -- high, great or specified extent upwards, forceps, great rank -- ಎತ್ತರ, ಎತ್ತರತ್ ರ '''ऊँचे''' -- high, high order, high price -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಏರ '''ऊँट''' -- camel, animal of Asia and Africa, with a hump on its back -- ಒಂಟೆ '''ऊटपटाँग''' -- absurd, preposterous, silly, contrary to reason -- ಹೊಲ್ ಸ್ '''ऊत''' -- issueless, stupid, slow-witted -- ದಡ್ಡ್, ಪೆದ್ದ್ '''ऊतक''' -- tissue, fine woven fabric, substance of an animal body or a plant, etc. -- ಜೀಂವ ಕೋಶ '''ऊधम''' -- row, clamour, noise, call noisily झगड़ा, गोलमाल, हलचल, उत्पात, उपद्रव, हल्ला -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಸ್ವರತ್ ಕಾಕುವೊ, ಜೋರತೆ ಕಾಕುವೊ '''ऊन''' -- wanting, less, wool -- ಬೋಂಡಿಯಾನದ್ '''ऊनत''' -- want, deficiency, falling short of something -- ಬೋಂಡು '''ऊनी''' -- woollen, woolen cloth, soft hair of the sheep and certain animals -- ಉಲನ್ ರ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''ऊपर''' -- on, upon, above -- ಮೇಲೆ, ಆಂಡ ಮೇಲೆ, ಅದಂಡ ಮೇಲೆ '''ऊपरी''' -- upper, over head, additional -- ಕೊಡಿಯತದ್ '''ऊबड़-खबड़''' -- uneven, uncomparable, unexpected -- ಕುಂಡ್ ಪರ್ ಪ್ '''ऊब्''' -- boredom, to feel bored, disgust -- ಬೇಜಾರಾಪೊ '''ऊर्जस्वी''' -- energetic, vigorous, powerful -- ಶಕ್ತಿ ಉಳ್ಳ '''ऊर्जा''' -- energy, power, vigorous -- ಶಕ್ತಿ, ಗಟ್ಟಿ ಮುಟ್ಟ್ '''ऊष्मा''' -- heat, hot, summer -- ಸೆಕೆ, ಬಿಸಿ, ಬೇನಿ '''ऊष्मीय''' -- thermal, power, boiling -- ಕೊದಿಪೊ '''ऊसर''' -- barren, or fallow -- ಬರ್ ಡ್ '''ऊहा''' -- flight of imagination -- ಗ್ಯಾನ ಮಾಡೋ '''ऋ''' -- seventh letter of Nagari alphabet and pronunciation resembling that of ri in rich -- ನಾಗರಿ ಏಳ್ತ್‌ಲ್ ಏಳನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''ऋकथ''' -- is heritance, legacy -- ತಲೆಮಾರ್ ರ, ವಂಶಪಾರಂಪರ್ಯ '''ऋचा''' -- vedic hymn -- ವೇದ ಪಠನೆ '''ऋजु''' -- straight, simple, pious -- ನೇರ, ಪಾಪ, ನಲ್ಲ, ಸಾದು '''ऋजुता''' -- simplicity, honesty, sincerity -- ಸರಳ '''ऋण''' -- a debt, loan, borrow -- ಸಾಲ, ಸಾಲ ಕೇಟೊವೊ '''ऋण पत्र''' -- bond, loan paper, promissory note -- ಸಾಲ ಕಾಗದ, ಕರಾರು ಪತ್ರ ಕಾಗದ, ಕರಾರು ಚೀಟಿ '''ऋणग्रस्त''' -- indebted, thankfulness, grateful forever -- ಚಿರಋಣಿ, ಎಕ್ಕಕೂ ಋಣಿ '''ऋणदाता''' -- creditor, bank, money lender -- ಸಾಲ ಕೊಡ್ ಪಂವೊ '''ऋणभार''' -- encumbrance, loan, burden, restriction -- ಋಣಬಾರ '''ऋणमुक्ति''' -- free from debt, obligation, acquaintance -- ಸಾಲತಿಂಜ ಬುಡ್ ಗಡೆ '''ऋणात्मक''' -- concerning a debt loan, borrowing -- ಎಡ್ದ್ ತೋವೊ '''ऋणाधार''' -- a security, surety, guarantor -- ಜಾಮೀನ್ '''ऋणी''' -- borrower -- ಎಡ್ ತಂಡಂವ, ಸಾಲ ಎಡ್ತಂಡಂವ '''ऋतु''' -- season, proper time, grows -- ಕಾಲ, ಸರಿಯಾನ ಕಾಲ, ನಲ್ಲ ಸಮಯ, ಬೊಳಿಯ '''ऋद्धि''' -- prosperity, accomplishment, development -- ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿ '''ऋषि''' -- sage, saint, pious -- ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ '''ऋषि ऋण''' -- those of the gods -- ದೇವಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯಿಂಗ '''ए''' -- eighth letter (vowel) of the Nagari alphabet, its sign is; its sound is like that of a in gate -- ನಾಗರಿ ಏಳ್ತ್‌ಲ್ ಎಟ್ಟನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''एक''' -- one, a, single, united -- ಒಂದ್, ಒಂದೇ, ಒಂದಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳ್ '''एक तंत्र''' -- autocracy, absolute ruler, despotism -- ಇಷ್ಟಪೋಲೆ ಆಳೊ '''एक रंग''' -- uniform, of the same hue, identical -- ಒರೇ ಸಮ, ಒಂದೇ ಸಮ '''एकक''' -- unit, standard automate, single thing or person -- ಒರ್ ವಸ್ತು ಅಥವಾ ಒರ್ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ '''एकचित''' -- concentrated, to be con-centrated, reduce to small space -- ಏಕಾಗ್ರತೆ '''एकछत्र''' -- absolute, monarchy, free from bondage -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ '''एकज''' -- sole, alone, only -- ಒಂದೇ '''एकजबान''' -- true to one's promise, assurance, confirmation -- ತಕ್ಕಕ್ ಬದ್ದನಾಯಿತ್ '''एकजुट''' -- united, unitedly, integration -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ, ಒಂದಾಯಿತ್ '''एकड़''' -- acre, measure of land, 4840 yards -- ಎಕರೆ '''एकतरफा''' -- one sided unilateral, exparte -- ಓರೇ ಬರಿಕ್ '''एकता''' -- unity, join in to one, connect, the state of being one or a unit -- ಒತ್ತೋರ್ಮೆ, ಒಗ್ಗಟ್ಟ್ '''एकत्र''' -- togetherness, unity, join in to one, connect -- ಒತ್ತೋರ್ಮೆ '''एकत्रित''' -- collected, gather, bring together -- ಕೂಟಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ, ಕೂಟೋ '''एकत्रीकरण''' -- collection, come together, gather -- ಕೂಟಿ ಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''एकदम''' -- suddenly, unexpectedly, abrupt -- ಒಮ್ಮಲೇ, ಒಮ್ಮಕೆ '''एकदा''' -- once upon a time, once, one time -- ಒರ್ ಕಾಲತ್ ಲ್, ಒಮ್ಮೆ, ಒಮ್ಮೇ ಒಮ್ಮ '''एकपत्नीत्व''' -- monogamy, custom of being married to one and only person at a time -- ಒರೇ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ '''एकपदीय''' -- unilateral, exparte, partial -- ಪಾದಿ '''एकबारगी''' -- all at once, suddenly, unexpected -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಒಮ್ಮಕ್ಕ್, ಒಮ್ಮಕ್ಕೆ '''एकभाषिक''' -- monolingual -- ಒರೇ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರಿವವು '''एकमत''' -- unanimous, one mind, all agreeing in an opinion or discourses -- ವಿರೋಧ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ, ಅಡೆತಡೆ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''एकमात्र''' -- sole, solitary, unique -- ಒಂದೇ '''एकमुश्त''' -- all in single installment, payment at a time, payment of part of a debt -- ಒರೇ ಕಂತ್ ಲ್ '''एकलब''' -- uniform, identical, equally -- ಒರೇ ತರ, ಸರಿಸಮ ಆನ '''एकवचन''' -- singular number, egress -- ಏಕವಚನ '''एकसमान''' -- same, uniform, even -- ಒರೇ ತರ '''एकसूत्र''' -- equal in degree, status, coordinated -- ಒರೇ ಸಮಾಆಯಿತ್ '''एकसूत्रता''' -- coordination, mutual exchange, mutual understanding -- ಒರ್ತ್ತೋಮಕೆ ಕೊಂಡ ಬಪ್ಪೊ '''एकस्व''' -- patent, open, evident -- ತೋರ್ 0ದದ್ '''एकहरा''' -- single, slim, this -- ಒಂದೇ, ತೆಳ್ಳನೆ, ಇದ್ '''एका''' -- oneness, unity, univocal -- ಒತ್ತೋರ್ಮೆ '''एकाएक''' -- suddenly, unexpectedly, abruptly -- ಒಮ್ಮಲೆ, ಒಮ್ಮಕೆ '''एकाकार''' -- identical, completely inter-mingled, unified -- ಒರೇ ತರತ್ರ '''एकाक्ष''' -- one eyed, single eyed, uni-axial -- ಒರ್ ಕಣ್ಣುಳ್ಳ '''एकांगा''' -- pertaining to one side, or aspect, unilateral, one way -- ಒರ್ ಬರಿ, ಒರೇ ಬರಿ '''एकांगी''' -- partial, one sided, one side judgement -- ಪಾದಿ, ಒರೇ ಬರಿ '''एकाग्र''' -- concentration, devote all attention, reduce to small space -- ಏಕಾಗ್ರತೆ '''एकाग्रचित''' -- closely attentive, of a concentrated mind -- ಏಕಾಗ್ರತೆಲ್ '''एकाग्रदृष्टि''' -- having the eye focused on one point, concentration, paying attention to a particular point -- ಒರೇ ದೃಷ್ಟಿಲ್ '''एकांत''' -- exclusive, solitude, isolation -- ಏಕಾಂತತ್ '''एकांतर''' -- alternate, cause to occur by turns, one after the other, by turns -- ಬೋರೆ, ಒಂದಾನದು ಒಂದ್ '''एकाँतवासी''' -- recluse, taking rest feels, living in complete retirement -- ಏಕಾಂತತ್ ಲ್ ಇಪ್ಪಂವೋ '''एकांतिक''' -- exclusive, different from all others, inclined to keep out -- ಬೋರೆ ತರತ್ ರಾ '''एकात्मा''' -- integrated, identical, sole -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ '''एकात्म्य''' -- identity, unity, uniformity -- ಒರೇ ತರ ಗುರ್ತ್ ಚಿಡುವ, ಸಮಾನ ಆಯೀತ್ ಕಾಂಬೊ '''एकाध''' -- one or two -- ಒಂದ್ ಅಥವಾ ದಂಡ್ '''एकाधिक''' -- more than one, many, large number -- ಒಂದಾಂಗುಂಜಿ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ, ದುಂಬ, ಬೋಂಡಿಯಚ್ಚಕ್ '''एकाधिकार''' -- monopoly, exclusive posse-ssion of a trade, privilege -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಡದೇ ಹಕ್ಕ್, ಒಬ್ಬಂಡದೇ ಆಡಳಿತ '''एकाधिपत्य''' -- exclusive sway, privilege, ruling -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಡದೇ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆ '''एकार्थक''' -- having the same meaning, having one meaning univocal -- ಒರೇ ಅರ್ಥ ಉಳ್ಳ್ '''एकीकरण''' -- integration, amalgamation, unification -- ಒಂದಾಪೊ '''एकीभूत''' -- collected together, unified -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟ್ ನದ್ '''एकेश्वरवादी''' -- belief that there is only one god, monotheistic, monotheist (nm) -- ಒರೇ ದೇವ ಉಳ್ಳಂದ್ ನಂಬನಂವ '''एड़ी''' -- heel, foot, hinder part of the foot -- ಮುಡಿ, ಪಾದ '''एतदर्थ''' -- adhoc, casual, temporary -- ಮಾಮೂಲಿ '''एतबार''' -- trust, credence, reliance -- ನಂಬಿಗೆ '''एतराज''' -- objection, deficiency, feel dislike or reluctance to something -- ತಕರಾರ್ '''एलची''' -- an envoy, emissary, representative -- ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿ '''एलान''' -- announcement, loud calling, declaration -- ಘೋಷಣೆ '''एवं''' -- and, as also, as well as -- ಪಿಂಞ, ಅದ್ 0ಡನ್ನಕ್ಕೆ ಅದಲ್ಲತೆ '''एवज''' -- substitution, inplace of, instead of -- ಅವಂಡ ಬದ್ ಲ್ ಕ್ '''एषाणा''' -- strong desire, ambition, requirement -- ಗಟ್ಟಿ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ '''एहतियात''' -- precaution, extreme care, with due care and caution -- ಎಚ್ಚರ, ಎಚ್ಚರತ್ '''एहसान''' -- obligation, to feel grateful, to draw pointed attention -- ಸಹಾಯ '''एहसानफरमोश''' -- ungrateful, disgraceful, thankless -- ಸಹಾಯತ್ ರ ಗ್ಯಾನ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''एहसास''' -- feeling, consciousness, experience -- ಮನಸ್ ಕ್ ತೋಂದದ್ '''ऐ''' -- the ninth letter (vowel) of the Nagari alphabet -- ನಗಾರಿ ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆರಾ ಒಯಿಂಬದನೇ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''ऐ''' -- indicating 'what did you say, what was it, what's that' -- ಸೂಚನೆ '''ऐकमत्य''' -- unanimity, same opinion, unity -- ತಕರಾರಿಲ್ಲತೆ ಒರೇ ಮನಸ್ಸ ಲ್ '''ऐंचना''' -- to pull, pluck or tug at, draw or haul -- ಬಲಿಪೊ, ಪರಿಪ '''ऐच्छिक''' -- optimal, voluntary, individually -- ಮನಸ್ ಪೂರ್ತಿ '''ऐंठ''' -- twist, make or become spiral, by turning with one end fast -- ತಿರ್ ಕೊ '''ऐंठना''' -- to twist, to be conceited, make or become spiral by turning with one end fast -- ಒರ್ ತುದಿನ ತಿರ್ ಕಿತ್ ಆಕಾರ ಬದಲ್ ಮಾಡೊ '''ऐंठू''' -- arrogant, rude, proud -- ಕ್ರೂರಿ '''ऐतिहासिक''' -- historic, historical, mythological -- ಚರಿತ್ರಾಹರ '''ऐनक''' -- spectacle, eye glass, visible -- ಕನ್ನಡಕ '''ऐन्द्रजालिक''' -- magical, magician, tantric -- ಮಾಯತ್ ರ ವಿದ್ಯೆ, ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕಟ್ಟೊ ವಿದ್ಯೆ '''ऐब''' -- defect, short coming, blemish -- ತಪ್ಪು, ಅಪಾದನೆ '''ऐयार''' -- spy, secret, special agenda -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್ '''ऐयाश''' -- lewd, voluptuous, bohemian -- ಕೀಳ್ '''ऐरा-गैरा''' -- inferior, lower, of roar qualities -- ಕೀಳ್ ಗುಣಮಟ್ಟತ್ ರ '''ऐरावत''' -- mythological elephant of Indra -- ಇಂದ್ರ ದೇವಡ ಆನೆ '''ऐश''' -- sensuous, merry-making, luxury -- ಖುಷಿ ಪಡೊ, ಕುಸಿ ಪಡೊ '''ऐश्वर्य''' -- opulence, riches, wealth -- ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯ, ಸಂಪತ್ತ್ '''ऐसा''' -- seem, like this, of this type of -- ಕಾಂಬ, ಇದ್oಡನ್ನಕೆ, ಈಂಡನ್ನಕೆ '''ऐसा वैसा''' -- insignificant, irrelevant, undesirable -- ಸಂಬಂದ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಸಂಬಂದ ಪಡದತ್ '''ऐसे''' -- in this way -- ಇದೇ ಬಟ್ಟೆಲ್, ಈ ಬಟ್ಟೆಲ್ '''ऐहलौकिक''' -- worldly, earthly, mundaneness -- ಲೋಕ ಇಡೀ, ಇಡೀ ಲೋಕ '''ऐहिक''' -- worldly, mundane, ordinary -- ಲೋಕ ಇಡೀ, ಇಡೀ ಲೋಕ '''ओ''' -- the tenth letter (vowel) of the Nagari alphabet -- ನಗರಿ ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆರಾ ಪತ್ತನೇ ಅಕ್ಷರಾ '''ओकना''' -- to vomit, eject from the stomach through the mouth, be sick -- ಕಾರಾಟ, ಕಾರೊ '''ओकाई''' -- matter vomited, feeling of vomiting, be sick -- ಕಾರ ಬಪ್ಪ '''ओकार''' -- the letter of its sound -- ಒಕಾರ '''ओंकार''' -- the sacred and mystical syllable, the symbol of invocation, of God hood ऊँ : ಓಂ -- ಓಂ '''ओखली''' -- a mortar, vessel in which substances are pounded, short gun throwing at high angles -- ಕುಟ್ಟೊ ಕಲ್ಲ್ '''ओघ''' -- aggregate, gather into a mass, sum, total -- ಗುಂಪು ಕೂಡುವ '''ओछा''' -- shallow, lacking depth, unknown -- ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತದ್ '''ओजस्वी''' -- vigorous, powerful, effective -- ಶಕ್ತಿವಂತ '''ओझल''' -- out of sight, hidden secret -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕ್ ಕಾಂಗತದ್, ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕ್ ಕಾಂಗತಂತ '''ओझा''' -- one who cures by the magic of charms, tantric, magician -- ಮಂತ್ರವಾದಿ, ಮಂತ್ರಕಾರ '''ओट''' -- a cover, shelter, to set up a screen -- ಸೂರ್, ಮರೆ ಮಾಡೋ '''ओटना''' -- to give, snare, trap -- ಎಣ್ಣಾನೇ ಎಣ್ಣೋ, ಎಣ್ಣೆನಾನೇ ಎಣ್ಣೋ '''ओठ''' -- lip, either edge of the mouth, edge or margins -- ಕಿರಿ, ಬಾಯಿ ಕರೆ '''ओढ़ना''' -- to cover, to takeup, to shoulder the burden of another`s fault -- ಇಂಙೊಬ್ಬನ ಬಜಾವ್ ಮಾಡುವಕ್ ಅವಂಡ ತಪ್ಪುನ ತಾನ್ ಪೊರತೊವ, ಮರೆ ಮಾಚೊ, '''ओतप्रोत''' -- full of, imbued, soaked -- ದುಂಬ '''ओदा''' -- wet, moist, drenched -- ಪುಡಿಡೆ, ಪುಂಡೆಯಾನ '''ओप''' -- polish, brightness, shine -- ಪಾಲೀಶ್, ಬೊಳಪು, ಮಿನ್ನೋ '''ओफ''' -- pain etc, plethora, ache -- ನೊಂಬಲ '''ओर''' -- side, one of the surfaces of an object, a dividing line -- ಬರಿ '''ओरी''' -- to listen secretly to an private conversation -- ಕಟ್ಟಿತ್ ಕೇಪ '''ओल''' -- hostage, person taken or given as a pledge, person seized for the purposes of extortion -- ಒಳ್ ಪುಚಿಡುವ, ಪುಡ್ ಚಿಬೆಚ್ಚೊ, ತಾಬೆಲ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚೊ '''ओला''' -- hail, stone -- ಆಲಿ ಕಲ್ಲೆ '''ओषधि''' -- a medicinal herb, drug, pharmaceutical -- ಮದ್ದ್ '''ओह''' -- oh, an exclamation -- ಓ '''औ''' -- the eleventh letter (vowel) of the Nagari alphabet -- ನಾಗರಿ ಏಳ್ತ್‌ಲ್ ಪನ್ಣಂದನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''औक़ात''' -- status, capacity, position -- ಸ್ಥಾನ '''औचक''' -- all of a sudden, unexpectedly, abruptly -- ಒಮ್ಮೆಲೇ, ಒಮ್ಮಕೆ '''औचित्य''' -- propriety, validity, justification -- ಸಮಯಾವಕಾಶ '''औज़ार''' -- instrument, tool, implement -- ವಸ್ತು, ಸಾಮಾನ್ '''औझड़''' -- delicately fanciful, whimsical, capricious -- ಸೂಕ್ಷತ್ ರ '''औंठ''' -- border, margin, frontier -- ಕರೆ, ಗೆರೆ '''औंड़ा''' -- depth, deepness, intensity -- ಆಳ, ಅಡಿಲ್ '''औढर''' -- easily propitiated, favourable, appease -- ಒತ್ತಾಸೆ '''औत्सुक्य''' -- eagerness, anxiety, full of keen desire -- ಕುತೂಹಲ '''औंधा''' -- inverted, upside down, reverse the position or relations -- ಅಡಿಕೂಡಿ ಆಪ '''औंधाना''' -- to overturn -- ತಿರ್ಕೋ '''औपचारिक''' -- formal, ceremonial, according to rule -- ಸಾದಾರಣ '''औपन्यासिक''' -- pertaining to a novel, new, strange -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ '''और''' -- and, more, else, other -- ಪಿಂಞ, ಜಾಸ್ತಿ, ಬೋರೆ '''औरत''' -- a woman, lady, adult human female -- ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್, ಬಲ್ಯ ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್ '''औलाद''' -- a progeny -- ಮಕ್ಕ '''औषध''' -- a medicine -- ಮದ್ದ್ '''औषधालय''' -- dispensary, hospital, medical clinic -- ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆ '''औषधोपचार''' -- treatment, diagnosis, cure -- ಮದ್ದ್ ಮಾಡೊ '''औसत''' -- average -- ಸರಿ ಸುಮಾರ್ '''औसाना''' -- wits, presence of mind -- ಸಮಯ ಪ್ರಜ್ಞೆ '''क''' -- the first consonant of the Nagari alphabet -- ವ್ಯಂಜನಾಕ್ಷತ್‌ರಸುರು ಅಕ್ಷರ '''कई''' -- several, many, being more than two but fewer than many in number or kind -- ಸುಮಾರ್ '''कंकड़''' -- a gravel, pebble, trash -- ಪರಕಲ್ಲ್ '''ककड़ी''' -- a kind of cucumber, a creeping plant, cucunis sativus, of the goard family -- ಚೌತೆರನ್ನತ '''कंकण''' -- bracelet, an ornamental band or circlet for the wrist or arm, a pair of handcuffs -- ಬಳೆ '''कंकाल''' -- a skeleton, chestbones, centre part of the body bones -- ಮೂಳೆ ಗೂಡ್ - ಅಸ್ತಿಪಂಜರ '''कक्का''' -- uncle, an aunt's husband, a brother of one's father or mother -- ಕುಂಞಪ್ಪ, ಬೋಜಪ್ಪ, ಅಯ್ಯ, ಮಾಂವ '''कक्ष''' -- a room, chamber, a room in a place or official residence -- ಕೋಂಬರೆ '''कक्षा''' -- class, classroom, group -- ಪಾಟ ಮಾಡುವ ಕೋಂಬರೆ '''कखौरी''' -- boil in the armpit, churn, froth -- ಕರ್‌ಪುಣ್ಣ್ '''कगार''' -- precipice, scrapt, steep bank -- ಕರೆಲುಳ್ಳದ್, ಬರೆ, ಇಳಿಜಾರ್ '''कंगाल''' -- poorman, having little or no moneyman, unfortunate -- ಗರೀಬ - ಕಂಗಾಲಾನಂವ '''कंगाल''' -- a kangaroo, any herbivorous marsupial of the family macropodide, of Australia and adjacent islands, having a small head, short forelimbs powerful hind legs used for leaping -- ಕಾಂಗಾರೂ '''कंगाली''' -- poverty, penury, destitution -- ಬಡಸ್ತನ - ಗರೀಬತನ '''कँगूरा''' -- turret, battlement, fort -- ಕೋಟೆ, ಗೋಪುರ '''कचदिल''' -- he weak heart, not strong, delicate -- ಪುಕ್ಕ್ ಲ '''कंचन''' -- gold, precious metal, yellow metalic wealth -- ಪೊನ್ನ್ '''कचरा''' -- refuse, rubbish, decline -- ತ್‌ಕ್ಕಾರ '''कचहरी''' -- a court of justice, judicial assembly, a formal assembly held by a sovereign -- ಕಚೇರಿ, ಕೋರ್ಟ್ '''कचाई''' -- rawness, imperfection, unriped -- ಪೀಚೆ '''कचालू''' -- a variety of edible root, vegetable lemon, tamarind -- ಪುಳ್ಂಜೆ ಪುಳಿ, ತಿಂಬಂತ ಕಂಡೆಕಳಂಜಿ '''कचियाना''' -- half-hearted, perfunctionary, uninterested -- ಅರೆ ಮನಸ್ '''कंचुकी''' -- an attendant, doorkeeper, peon -- ಮನೆ ಪಾರಕಾರ '''कचूमर''' -- crushed fruit, crumble, pulverize -- ಪುಂಡ್‌ವ, ಞಂವುಂಡ್‌ನ ಪಣ್ಣ್ '''कचौरी''' -- a spicy wheat cake fried in the ghee or oil -- ಕಚೌರಿ (ಎಣ್ಣೆಲ್ ಬರ್‌ತ ತಿಂಡಿ) '''कच्चा''' -- uncooked, immature, babyish -- ಬೇವತದ್, ಅರೆ ಬೆಂಜದ್ '''कच्चा पक्का''' -- half cooked, immatured, not ripe -- ಪಾದಿ ಬೆಂಜದ್ '''कच्चापन''' -- rawness, unprepared, unrefined -- ಬೇವತೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಪಚ್ಚೆ '''कच्चे-बच्चे''' -- children, tender -age, infants -- ಮಕ್ಕ, ಚೆರಿಯ ಮಕ್ಕ, ಚುಮ್ಮಿ ಮಕ್ಕ '''कच्छप''' -- tortoise, turtle, a very slow person -- ಆಮೆ '''कछनी''' -- lower garment, small loin cloth, under wear -- ಕಚ್ಚೆ '''कछार''' -- alluvial land, alluvial soil, of or pertaining to alluvium -- ಮಣ್ಣ್, ನೆಯಿಂಙನೆ ಮಣ್ಣ್ '''कछुआ''' -- tortoise, very slow, a turtle -- ಆಮೆ '''कंज''' -- crooked, curved, winding -- ಓರೆ, ತಿರಿಯಂಡ್, ಡೊಂಕ್ '''कजरा''' -- black colour, dark, obscure -- ಕರ್ತರಂಗ್ '''क़जा''' -- death, the end of the life, demise -- ಚಾವು '''कंजूस''' -- miserly, cheap, parsimonious -- ಜುಗ್ಗ - ಜೀನೆ, ನಾಸ್‌ಲ '''क़ज्जाक''' -- robber, highwayman, brigand -- ಕಳ್ಳ '''क़ज्जाकी''' -- the vocation of a robber, bandit, burglar -- ಕಳ್ಳಿ, ಕಳ್ಳ, ಕಳ್ಳಚಾಲ್ '''कटक''' -- army, a military force of a nation, a large body of armed trained persons -- ಪಡೆಕಾರ '''कंटक''' -- to be troublesome, harassing, arduous -- ಕಾಟ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ -ತೊಂದರೆ ತಪ್ಪಂವ, ವಿಗ್ನ '''कटकटाना''' -- to gnash, to grind, to bite with grinding teeth -- ಪಲ್ಲ್ ಕಡಿಪ '''कटकीना''' -- artifice, strategem, deception -- ಉಪಾಯ '''कटखना''' -- snappish, apt to snap or bite, inpatiently or irritable -- ಕಡಿಪದ್ '''कटखना''' -- biting, incisive, mordant -- ಕಡಿಪ್ಪ '''कटन''' -- incision, erosion, a cutting into -- ಮುರಿಪ್ಪ '''कटना''' -- to be cut, crash, slash -- ಮುರ್‌ಚದ್, ಮುರಿಪಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''कटनी''' -- harvest, accumulation -- ಕೊಯ್ಯಿಪಣಿ, ಒಕ್ಕ್‌ಪಣಿ '''कटर''' -- decanter, a bottle used for decanting, a vessel -- ಕುಪ್ಪಿ '''कटरा''' -- mart, small market, trading centre -- ಚತ್ತೆ '''कटवाँ''' -- cut or ripped -- ಮುರ್‌ಚದ್ '''कटहल''' -- jacktree -- ಚೆಕ್ಕೆ '''कटहा''' -- prone to bite, gnaw, snack -- ತಿಂಬದ್, ಕಡಿಪಂತದ್ '''कटा छँटा''' -- to rid or clean, well pruned, to cut or lop off -- ಚಾಯಿಕೂಟುವೊ '''कटा फटा''' -- cut and torn -- ಮುರ್‌ಚಿ ತರ್‌ಚದ್ '''कटाई''' -- harvesting, collection, proceeds -- ಕೊಯಿಪಣಿ '''कटाई-छटाई''' -- pruning, an implement with a hooked blade, used for pruning vines -- ಕಪಾತ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಕಪಾತ್ ಕತ್ತಿ '''कटाकटी''' -- bloody encounter, bitter enemity, antagonist -- ಕೊಲ್ಲ್ಂಗೊಲೆ '''कटाक्ष''' -- a side glance, a glance directed to the idea, an oblique or sideways look -- ದಯ '''कटाना''' -- to get cut, chop, sundy -- ಮುರಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''कटामरी''' -- carnage, as in battle, butchery -- ಕೊಲ್ಲ್ಂಗೊಲೆ '''कटार''' -- dagger, a weapon, used for stabbing -- ಕತ್ತಿ, ಬಾಳ್ '''कटि''' -- waist, the constricted portion of the abodomen of certain insects, a part of a garment covering this part of the body -- ಕ್‌ಕ್ಕೆಲ, ಅರೆ, ನಡು '''कटिबद्ध''' -- determined, gird up, inflexible -- ಸ್ಥಿರ ಆಯಿ ತಿಪ್ಪ, ಹಟಪುಡ್‌ಚದ್ '''कटिबंध''' -- zone, girdle, belt -- ನಡು ವಲಯ '''कँटीला''' -- thorny, barbed, barbed wire -- ಮುಳ್ಳ ತಂತಿ, ಮುಳ್ಳ್‌ಮುಳ್ಳಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''कटु''' -- bitter, extremely harsh, grievous -- ಕೈಪ್, ಕಠಿಣ ಆನದ್ '''कटुता''' -- bitterness, exceeding, harshness -- ಕೈಪೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಕಠಿಣ '''कटुभाषी''' -- who speaks bitterly, rough spoken, harsh talking -- ಕಡ್‌ಪ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಕಾರ '''कटूउक्ति''' -- bitter remark, unpleasant utterance, harsh comment -- ಕಡ್‌ಪ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''कटोरा''' -- a big bowl, basin, vessel -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಪಾತ್ರೆ, ಬಲ್ಯ ಗಂಜಿ '''कटौती''' -- rebate, discount, exemption -- ರಿಯಾಯಿತಿ ಕ್ರಯ '''कट्टर''' -- strict, rigorous, austere -- ಕಡ್‌ಪತರ '''कट्टरपंथी''' -- diehard, conservative act, stubborn -- ಕಡ್‌ಪತರತ್ ಉಳ್ಳ೦ವ '''कंठ''' -- throat, the passage from the mouth to the stomach or the lungs, neck -- ತೊಂಡೆ, ಬೋಳೆ, ಕೊರ '''कंठगत''' -- committed to memory, a mental capacity, a mental impression -- ಬಾಯಿಪಾಟ '''कठघरा''' -- a bar, a legal profession, school -- ಮರತ್‌ರಗೂಡ್, ಕಟಕಟೆ '''कठपुतली''' -- a puppet, pawn, figure head -- ಗೊಂಬೆ '''कंठस्थ''' -- committed to memory, memorized -- ಗೇನ ಬೆಚ್ಚವ, ಬಾಯಿಪಾಠಪಡ್‌ಚದ್ '''कंठहार''' -- necklace, jewels, a piece of jewellery consisting of gems -- ಮಾಲ್ - ಅಡ್ಡಿಗೆ, ಚಂಙೋಲೆ '''कठिन''' -- difficult, ardous, intricate -- ಕಷ್ಟ '''कठिनता''' -- difficulty, uncompromising, fussy -- ಕಷ್ಟ ತರತದ್ '''कठोर''' -- hard, rigid, compact -- ಗಟ್ಟಿ '''कठोरता''' -- hardness, rigidity, cruelty -- ಕಡ್‌ಪತರ, ಮುರಿಮುಂಡತನ '''कंठ्यं''' -- guttral, guttural sound, vocal -- ಕೂತ್, ಸ್ವರ '''कड़क''' -- crack, thunder to make a loud -- ಅರಂದಂಡ್ ಕೂತ್‌ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ, ಗರ್ಜನೆ '''कड़कड़ाना''' -- to crack, to break with sudden, sharp sound -- ಕಡ್‌ಪತ್ತ್ ರ ಶಬ್ದ, ಅರ್‌ಪ '''कड़कना''' -- to crackle, to make slight, sharp noise -- ಕಡ್‌ಪತ್ತ್ ರ ಸ್ವರ '''कंडरा''' -- tender, soft, soft or delicate substance, young or immature -- ಪದ '''कड़वा''' -- bitter, distasteful, sardonic -- ಕೈಪ್ '''कड़वातेल''' -- mustard oil -- ಕಡು ಎಣ್ಣೆ '''कड़वापन''' -- bitterness, ruthless, poignant -- ಕಡ್‌ಕೈಪ್ '''कड़ा''' -- hard, strict, rigid -- ನೇರೇ ಪರೆಯುವವ, ಮುರ್ಕ '''कंडा''' -- cowdung cake, गोबरको गुइँठा, जलाउलका लागि डल्ला पारेर सुकाइएको गोबर -- ಚಾಣ, ಬೆರಣಿ '''कड़ाई''' -- strictness, rigid, inflexible -- ಒರಟ್‌ತನ '''कड़ाह''' -- huge, enormous, bulky -- ಬಲ್ಯ, ದುಂಬ, ಬಲ್ಯದಾನ '''कड़ाही''' -- deep frying pan, shallow container of metal -- ಬಾಂಡ್ಲಿ, ಪುಟ್ಟ್ ಬರ್‌ಪ ಪಾತ್ರೆ, ಚೀಂಚಟ್ಟಿ '''कंडिका''' -- a paragraph, pertaining to or occupying two positions -- ಕಂಡಿಕೆ '''कड़ी''' -- link, beam, rafter -- ಏಚಿಕೂಟುವ, ಕೌಕೋಲ್ '''कंडी''' -- basket, a container made of pieces of thin veneer, a container made of twigs, rushes, thin strips of wood -- ಕುಕ್ಕೆ, ಪಚ್ಚಿಯ '''कंडीलिया''' -- light house, a tower of light, bright light for the guidance of ships in avoiding dangerous areas -- ಸಮುದ್ರತ್‌ಲ್ ದಿಕ್ಕ್ ಕಾಟುವಕ ಬೊಳ್ಚಬೆಪ್ಪಗೋಪುರ '''कंडु''' -- itches, ringworm, having or causing an itching sensation -- ಪುಳುಕಡ್ಡಿ, ಕಜ್ಜಿ '''कडुआ''' -- mustard oil -- ಕಡು ಎಣ್ಣೆ '''कढ़ाई''' -- embroidery, the working of raised and ornamental designs in threads of silk, handicraft work -- ಪೊಲ್ಲ ಪಣಿ '''कढ़ी''' -- curry -- ಕರಿ '''कण''' -- a particle, mite, whit -- ಚೂರ್, ತುಳಿ '''कंत''' -- husband or lover, hoavel, preserve -- ವಡಿಯ, ಕೊದ್‌ಚಂವ '''क़तई''' -- wholly, entirely, totally -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ '''कतर-ब्योंत''' -- cutting to measurement, manipulation, artful management -- ಅಳತೆ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಚೂರ್ ಮಾಡ್ವ '''कतरना''' -- cutting, pairing, trimming -- ತುಂಡ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''क़तरा''' -- prop, pendant, a gallows -- ಪದಕ, ತುಳಿ '''कतराई''' -- work of cutting, sardonic, caustic -- ಮುರಿಪ ಕೆಲಸ '''कतराना''' -- to avoid meeting, abscond, escape -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ಚಿಟ್ಟಿವ '''कतली''' -- sweet meat, dish -- ಮೊದ್‌ರತ್ತ್ ರ ತೀನಿ '''कतवार''' -- sweepings, refuse, trash -- ಚೀಪೆ, ಒಡ್‌ಕುವೊ '''कताई''' -- spinning, remuneration, reward -- ನೂಲ್ ಎಡ್‌ಪ, ಗೌರವ ಪಣ '''कताई घर''' -- spinning house, spin casting room, spin fishing centre -- ಮಗ್ಗತ್ ಮನೆ '''क़तार''' -- serious, a line, row -- ಕಡಪತರತ್, ಸಾಲ್ '''कतिपथ''' -- some, a few, several -- ಚೆನ್ನ '''कत्तल''' -- a chip, piece, segment -- ಒರ್ ಚೂರ್ '''कत्थई''' -- coloured -- ರಂಗ್, ರಂಗ್ ಇಟ್ಟದ್ '''कत्थक''' -- variety of classical Indian dance -- ಭಾರತೀಯ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಆಟ್ '''कत्ल''' -- murder, slaughter, kill -- ಕೊಲೆ, ಕೊಲ್ಲುವೊ '''कत्ले आम''' -- mass murder, general massacre, killing -- ಕೂಟ್ ಕೊಲೆ '''कथकली''' -- a variety of classical dance -- ಒರ್ ತರತ್ತ್ ರ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಆಟ್, ಕಥಕ್ಕಳಿ '''कथन''' -- statement, saying, assertion -- ತಕ್ಕ್, ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವ '''कथनीय''' -- worthsaying, describable, to be stated -- ಎಣ್ಣಂಡಿಯದ್ '''कथा''' -- mythological story, imaginary, fictitious -- ಪುರಾಣ ಕತೆ '''कथांतर''' -- a side story, digression -- ಉಪಕತೆ '''कथात्मक''' -- pertaining story, imaginary -- ಕಲ್ಪನೆರ ಕಥೆ '''कथामुख''' -- introductory, preliminary, preamble -- ಆದ್ಯ ಮೊಳಿ '''कथावस्तु''' -- religious discourse, objective of the story, destination -- ಕತೆರ ತಿರ್, ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಪಳಮೆ '''कथासार''' -- synopsis, abstract, conden-sation -- ಕತೆರ ಮೂಲ '''कथासूत्र''' -- clue of a story, evidence of the story, key of the story -- ಕತೆರ ಅರಿವಿಕೆ, ಕತೆರ ಅರ್ಥ '''कथित''' -- said, told, stated -- ಎಣ್ಣ್ ನದ್, ಪರ್ಂದದ್, '''कथोपकथन''' -- conversation, dialogue, that -- ತಕ್ಕ್ - ಬಾತ್ '''कद''' -- size, stature, height -- ತಡಿ, ಎತ್ತರ '''कंद''' -- rhizome, a roof like subterranean stem -- ಕಂಡೆಕಳಂಜಿ '''कददूकस''' -- gadget for turning or grating a pumpkin or gourd -- ಕುಂಬಳತೊರಂಡುವ ಯಂತ್ರ '''कदन्न''' -- coarse, grain -- ತರಿ, ಪೊಡಿ '''कदंब''' -- the tree nauclea -- ಕದಂಬ ಮರ '''क़दम''' -- footstep, step, pace -- ಮೊಟ್ಟ್, ಕಾಲ್ ಮೊಟ್ಟ್ '''कंदमूल''' -- any kind of rhizome, edible root, that usually produces roots below and sends up shoots progressively from the upper surface -- ಕಳ್ಂಜಿ ಕಂಡೆ '''क़दर''' -- respect, regard, honour -- ಸತ್ಕಾರ ಸನ್ಮಾನ (ತಕ್ಕಾರ), ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ '''कंदरा''' -- cave, cavern, a hollow in the earth -- ಗುವೆ, ಗುಹೆ, ಕಲ್ಲ್ ಮಾಳಿ '''कदर्थ''' -- refuse, useless things, sweepings -- ಬೋಂಡತ ವಸ್ತು '''कदली''' -- plantain tree, a tropical plant, musa paradisionca, it is fruit plant -- ಬಾಳೆ ಗಿಡ '''कदाकार''' -- ugly, absurd, ill-favoured -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ಲತ '''कदाचार''' -- bad conduct, comportment, bad administration -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''कदाचित''' -- perhaps, may be, possibly -- ಎಲ್ಲೇಂಗಿ, ಓರ್‌ಸಮಯ '''कदापि''' -- ever, perpetually -- (ಎಕ್ಕೋಲು) ಎಕ್ಕಲೂ '''क़दीम''' -- old, ancient, aged -- ಪಳಿಯ, ಪಂಡೇತ್‌ರ '''कद्दू''' -- pumpkin, gourd, a large, edible, orange - yellow fruit borne on a creeper -- ಕುಂಬಳ '''कद्र''' -- appreciation, estimation, worth, merit -- ಹೊಗಳುವ, ಅಟ್ಟಕ್ ಕೇತ್‌ವ '''कद्रदान''' -- one who appreciates, praises, pampers -- ಹೊಗಳ್‌ನವ ಅಟ್ಟಕೇತ್ವ '''कंधा''' -- a shoulder, shoulder arm -- ನಿಪ್ಪ್ '''कंधा''' -- a comb, used for arranging the air, a machine for separating choice cotton or wool fibres from moil -- ಕೋಂಬ್‌ಚೀಪ್ '''कन''' -- particle, grain, speck, short form for ear -- ಚೂರ್ '''कनक''' -- gold, wealth, a metal -- ಪೊನ್ನ್, ಪಣ '''कनकना''' -- crisp, fragile, sensitive -- ಕರುಮ್ ಕುರುಮ್, ಬೆರಿಯ ಒಡಂದ್ ಚೂರಾಪದ್ '''कनकैया''' -- kite -- ಗಾಳಿಪಟ '''कनखजूरा''' -- centipede -- ತೇಳ್ (ಒರ್ ಪುಳು) '''कनखा''' -- sprout, to germinate, to begin to grow -- (ಮೊಳೆ) ಮೊಳಪ '''कनपेड़ा''' -- mumps, by inflamation, paramyxovirus -- ತೊಂಡೆ ಬಾಪು '''कनरस''' -- interesting talk, absorbing, entertaining talk -- ಚೋದ್‌ತಕ್ಕ್, ಚೋದ್ ಪಳಮೆ '''कनस्तर''' -- canister -- ಟಿನ್ನ್‌ರ ಡಬ್ಬಿ '''कनाई''' -- sprouting twig, to grow bud, germinated branch -- ಚಿಗ್‌ರ್‌ವ ಕೊಂಬೆ '''कनिष्ठ''' -- junior, youngest, of later date -- ಚೆರಿಯದ್/ ಚೆರಿಯವ '''कनिष्ठका''' -- the little finger, the finger farthest from the thumb, the smallest of the five fingers -- ಚಿಣ್ಣಿಬೆರ '''कनीज़ा''' -- woman attendant, female attendant, mid wife -- ಪಣಿಕಾರ್ತಿ '''कनीनिका''' -- pupil of the eye, unmarried girl, spinister -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ರ ಆಲಿ, ಕನ್ನಿಮೂಡಿ '''कनेठी''' -- punishment, twisting ear, severe handling or treatment -- ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ '''कनौड़ा''' -- obliged, grateful, thankful -- ಕೃತಜ್ಞತೆ '''कन्ना''' -- edge, border, rim -- ಕರೆ, ಬಕ್ಕ್ '''कन्या''' -- maiden, virgin, girl -- ಕನ್ನಿ ಮೂಡಿ '''कन्याराशी''' -- unfortunate, unlucky, bad luck -- ಅದೃಷ್ಟ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಪಾಳ್‌ದೆಸೆ '''कपट''' -- fraud, trickery, hoax -- ಚದಿ '''कपट पूर्ण''' -- deceitful, fraudulent, insincere -- ಚದಿಂಜ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''कपट योजना''' -- conspiracy, fraudulent plan, collusion -- ಕೆಣಿ, ಮೋಸ '''कपट संधि''' -- collusion, intrigue, complicity -- ಕಳ್ಳಕೆಣಿ '''कपट-पुरुष''' -- scare-crow, comouflage, cunning -- ಚದಿಯ, ಬೆರ್ಚಪ್ಪ '''कपट-व्यवहार''' -- foul play, repulsive, repellent -- ಕಳ್ಳ ಕಳಿ, ಚದಿಕಳಿ '''कपटन्वेश''' -- disguise, mark, hide -- ಕಾಂಗತನ್ನಕೆ, ವೇಷ ಬದ್‌ಲ್‌ಚಿಟಂಡ್ '''कपटी''' -- deceiful, fraudulent, false -- ಚದಿಕಾರ, ಚದಿಯ '''कपड़ा''' -- cloth, fabric, textile -- ತುಣಿ, ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''कंपाउडर''' -- compounder, pharmacist, chemist -- ಕಂಪೊಂಡರ್, ಮದ್ದ್ ತಪ್ಪಂವ '''कपाट''' -- door, valve, outcome -- ಪಡಿ '''कंपायमान''' -- tremulous, quivering, quavering -- ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪದ್, ಬೊರೆಪುಟ್ಟ್ ಚಿರುವದ್ '''कपाल''' -- the skull, head cranium -- ಮಂಡೆರ ಓಡ್ '''कपास''' -- cotton, cotton plant, cotton flower -- ಪರ್ತಿ, ಪರ್ತಿ ಗಿಡ, ಪರ್ತಿ ಪೂ '''कंपास''' -- compass, an instrument for determining directions, a passing round -- ಕಂಪಾಸ್ '''कपि''' -- a monkey, ape, to immitate -- ಕೋಡ '''कंपित''' -- trembled, a person or thing that trembled shook -- ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪ, ಬೊರ್‌ಪ '''कपिला''' -- white or grey coloured cow -- ಬೊಳ್ತ/ ಬೂದ್ ಬಣ್ಣತ್‌ರ ಪಯ್ಯು '''कँपी कँपी''' -- shivering, a trembling, quiver -- ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪ '''कपूर''' -- camphor -- ಕರ್ಪೂರ '''कपोत''' -- pigeon, dove -- ಪಾರಿವಾಳ '''कपोल''' -- cheek, audacity, gall -- ದವಡೆ '''कपोल कल्पना ''' -- fanciful imagination, ingencity, enterprise -- ಕುಶಿ ಬಂದನ್ನಕೆ ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವದ್ '''कपोल कल्पित''' -- imagined, conceive of, image -- ಇಷ್ಟ ಬಂದನ್ನಕೆ ಗೇನ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''कफ''' -- mucus, phlegm, also called cork oak -- ಕೊಯ, ಕಫ '''कफ़न''' -- shroud, pall, surfeit -- ಚಾವು ಪೊದ್‌ಪ್ ಚ್‌ಡುವ ತುಣಿ '''क़फ़स''' -- cage, prison, coop -- ಗೂಡ್, ಬಲಂಜಿ, ಜೈಲ್ '''कब''' -- when, what time or period, how long ago -- ಎಕ್ಕ, ಏದ್ ಸಮಯತ್, ಎಚ್ಚಕ್ ಸಮಯಬಯ್ಯ '''कंबख्त''' -- unlucky, unfortunate, unsuccessful -- ಚೋತಂವ, ದೆಸೆಪಾಳಾನಂವೊ '''कंबख्ती''' -- misfortune, bad luck, mischance -- ಹಣೆಬರ ಕೆಟ್ಟ೦ವ, ಅದೃಷ್ಟ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ '''कबरी''' -- braid -- ಜಡೆ '''कंबल''' -- a blanket, cover, overlay -- ಕಂಬಳಿ '''कबाड़''' -- junk, scrap, any discarded stuff -- ಪ್ರಯೋಜನಕಿಲ್ಲತ ವಸ್ತು / ಪಣಿ '''कबाब''' -- roasted meat, cooked meat, fried meat -- ಚುಟ್ಟ ಎರ್ಚಿ, ಬರ್ತ ಎರ್ಚಿ, ಬೆಂಜ ಎರ್ಚಿ '''क़बाला''' -- sale deed, a transfer, agreement -- ಕರಾರ್ '''कबूतर''' -- a pigeon, a bird -- ಪಾರಿವಾಳ ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''कबूतरखाना''' -- pigeon house, bird cage -- ಪಕ್ಷಿ ಗೂಡ್ '''क़बूल''' -- agreement, consent, confession -- ಒಪ್ಪಾಚಾರ '''क़ब्ज''' -- constipation, uneasiness in the intestiness, in activity in the bowe -- ಕೆಲಕೆಟ್ಟಿಯವ '''क़ब्ज़ा''' -- possession, occupation, to have as belonging to one -- ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ '''कब्जेदार''' -- provided with a hinge, one who occupied, one who acquired the property -- ಒಡೆಕಾರ '''कब्रा''' -- a grave, sedate, staid -- ಸಮಾಧಿ, ಗೋರಿ '''क़ब्रिास्तान''' -- a grave yard, a burial ground, funeral yard -- ತೂಟ್‌ಗಳ, ಕೇಕೊಳ '''क़ब्ल''' -- prior to, before, sometime -- ಆಗುಂಜಿ ಮಿಂಞ, ಮಿಂಞ, ಚನ್ನ ಸಮಯ '''कभी''' -- sometime, ever, eternally -- ಓರಮ '''कम''' -- little, few, some -- ಚೆನ್ನ, ಕಮ್ಮಿ '''कमअक़ल''' -- foolish, senseless, vapid -- ಜಡ್ಡ, ಪೊಟ್ಟ '''कमउम्र''' -- juvenile, young, children -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಬಯತ್ '''कमज़ोर''' -- weak, feeble, delicate -- ದಾತ್ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ '''कमजोरी''' -- weakness, deficiency, decrepit -- ದಾತ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಆನಂವೊ '''कमनसीब''' -- unlucky, unfortunate, un-successful -- ನಸೀಬ್ ಇಲ್ಲತಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''कमनीय''' -- lovely, pretty, seenoly -- ಚಾಯಿ ಚಂದ '''कमबख्ती''' -- ill luck, misfortune, bad luck -- ಅದೃಷ್ಟ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ '''कमर''' -- waist, loins, the part of the body between the hips and the lower ribs -- ನಡು, ಅರೆ '''कमरतोड़''' -- toilsome, very strenuous, arduous -- ಕಷ್ಟತ್‌ರ '''कमरबंद''' -- girdle, waistband, belt -- ಚೇಲೆ '''कमरा''' -- a room, chamber, official accommodation -- ಕೋಂಬರೆ '''कमल''' -- lotus flower, any aquatic plant of the genus nelmbo of the water lily family -- ತಾವರೆ ಪೂ '''कमलबाई''' -- jaundice, disorder of liver, yellow disease -- ಮಂಜ ಕಾಮಾಲೆ '''कमली''' -- a small blanket cover, over lay -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಕಂಬಳಿ, ಪೊದಪ್ '''कमसिन''' -- youth, teenager, lad -- ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ/ ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ್ತಿ '''कमाई''' -- earnings, income, money earned -- ಸಂಪಾದನೆ/ ನೇಡುವೊ '''कमान''' -- a bow, an arch, surrender -- ಕಮಾನ್ '''कमाना''' -- to earn, livelihood, to earn repute -- ನೇಡಿಯಂಡ್ ಒಪ್ಪದ್ '''कमाल''' -- a miracle, wonder, conjecture -- ಮಾಯ '''कमी''' -- shortage, deficiency, reduction -- ಕೊರವು/ ಕಮ್ಮಿ '''कमीज़''' -- shirt, sleaved garment, upperpart of the body garment -- ಕಳ ಕುಪ್ಯ , ಜಿಬ್ಬ '''कमीना''' -- mean, low born, contemptible -- ಹೀನ ಸುಳಿ/ ದರಿದ್ರಕಾರ, ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಸಂತಾನ '''क़याम''' -- stay for a time, sojourn, visit -- ಚೆನ್ನ ನೇರ ಇಪ್ಪದ್ '''क़यामत''' -- the day of judgement, instance of judging, make a decision -- ತೀರ್ಪ್‌ರ ದಿನ '''क़यास''' -- guess, hazard, conjecture -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''कर''' -- tax, a hand, duty, custom -- ತೆರಿಗೆ '''करघा''' -- weaver's loom -- ಕೈಮಗ್ಗ '''करण''' -- instrumentation, implement, doing -- ಮಾಡುವದ್, ಪಾಟ್‌ನ ವಾದ್ಯ ಕ ಹೊಂದ್‌ಚಿರುವ '''करतब''' -- a feat, performance, the act of performing a ceremony -- ವಿಶೇಷ ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನ '''करतार''' -- creator, a person or thing that creates -- ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತ/ ಪುಟ್ಟ್ ಚಿಡುವಂವ '''करतूत''' -- misdeed, evil deed, offense -- ಕೇಡ್ ಮಾಡುವದ್ '''करना''' -- to do, to perform, to solve -- ಮಾಡುವದ್ '''करभार''' -- burden of taxes, tax load, heavy tax weight -- ಅದಿಯಾನ ತೆರಿಗೆ, ಕಂದಾಯತ್‌ರ ಪೊರೆ '''करमुक्त''' -- tax free, tax exemption, tax relief -- ತೆರಿಗೆ ಕೈಬುಡುವದ್, ಕಂದಾಯ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''क़रार''' -- an agreement, bargain, concurrence -- ಒಪ್ಪಂದ ಚೀಟಿ '''करिश्मा''' -- a miracle, magic, sorcery -- ಮಾಯ ಕಳಿ '''करीना''' -- system, method, order -- ಪದ್ಧತಿ/ರೀತಿ/ನಡ್‌ಪು '''करीब''' -- near, close by, about, approxi-mately -- ಪಕ್ಕ/ಪಕ್ಕತ್‌ಲ್/ಕೂಡೆ, ಹೆಚ್‌ಕಮ್ಮಿ '''करुण''' -- touching, pathetic, tender -- ಕರುಣೆ, ಕನಿಕರ '''करुणा''' -- pity, compassion, sympathy -- ಕರುಣೆ ಕಾಟುವದ್ '''करेला''' -- bitter gourd, green vegetable -- ಕೈಪಕೆ '''करोड़''' -- ten million -- ಪತ್ತ್ ಮಿಲಿಯನ್, ಕೋಟಿ '''कर्क''' -- cancer the sign of zodiac -- ಞಂಡ್, ಕರ್ಕಾಟಕ ರಾಶಿ '''कर्कश''' -- hard, harsh, acrimonious -- ಕೇಪಕ್ ಕಯ್ಯತ ಸದ್ದ್/ ಕೇಪಕ್ ಕಯ್ಯತ ಸ್ವರ '''कर्ज''' -- loan, debt, lend -- ಸಾಲ/ ಕೈ ಮರಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''कर्ण''' -- ear, helm, hypotenuse -- ಕೆಮಿ '''कर्तव्य''' -- duty, responsibility, deference -- ಕರ್ತವ್ಯ, ಪಣಿ '''कर्तव्य परायण''' -- dutiful, responsibility, bound to do -- ಕರ್ತವ್ಯ ನಡ್‌ತುವಂವ '''कर्तव्य परायणता''' -- dutifulness -- ಕರ್ತವ್ಯ ನೀಸುವಂವ, ಪಣಿಕೆಜ್ಜಂಡಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''कर्तृत्व''' -- execution, implementation, executive power -- ಮಾಡ್‌ಚಿಡುವದ್ '''कर्म''' -- deed, act, action, object -- ಪಣಿ/ ಕೆಲಸ '''कर्मठ''' -- deligent, assiduous, sedulous -- ನಲ್ಲ ಪಣಿಕಾರ '''कर्मण्य''' -- industrious, hard working, energetic -- ಒತ್ತ ಪಣಿಕಾರ '''कर्षक''' -- attractive, providing pleasure or delight -- ಚಾಯಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''कल''' -- sweet, soft and tender, (nm and adv) tomorrow and yesterday -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ/ ನಿನ್ನಾಂದ್/ನಾಳೆ '''कलई''' -- tin, plating, welding -- ಕಲಾಯಿ '''कलक''' -- keen regret, tantalization -- ಹಂಗ್‌ಚಿಡುವದ್ '''कलंक''' -- blemish, stigma, tarnish -- ಕೆಟ್ಟದ್, ಕೆಟ್ಟಪೆದ '''कलंकित''' -- disgraced, blemished, stigmatised -- ಪಾಳ್ ಪೆದ ಪಡ್ಂದ '''कलंदर''' -- monkey or bearded men, muslim mendicant -- ಕೊರಮ, ಮುಸಲ್ಮಾನ ಸಾಧು '''कलफ़''' -- starch, solid carbohydrates, a commercial preparation of this substance used to stiffen textile fabrics in laundering -- ಕಂಜಿ '''क़लमी''' -- grafted, implant, transplant -- ಪಾವು ಇಡ್‌ವದ್, ಕಸಿ ಮಾಡುವದ್ '''कलश''' -- a pitcher, an urn -- ಕಲಶ/ ಕಳಶ, ಪಾತ್ರೆ '''कलह''' -- quarrel, scramble, fighting -- ಜಗಳ/ಪಡೆ/ ಪೊಯ್ತ್ ಕಳಿ '''कला''' -- art, craft, skill -- ಕಲೆ '''कलाई''' -- wrist, the joint between the fore arm and the hand, lower part of the forearm where it joins the hand -- ಮಣಿಕೆಟ್ಟ್ '''कलाकंद''' -- a type of sweet, milksweet -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ ತಿಂಡಿ '''कलाभवन''' -- art gallery, crafts collection, arts exhibition -- ಕಲಾಭವನ '''कलिका''' -- a bud, a small auxillary or terminal protuberance on a plant, containing rudimentary foliage (leaf bud) -- ಚಿಗ್‌ರ್ ಸುಳಿ, ಪೂಮೋಡ್ ಪೂಮೊಗ್ಗ್ '''कलुषित''' -- sinful, profane, tarnished -- ಶುದ್ಧ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''कलेजा''' -- liver, heart, a hollow, pump like organ of blood circulation -- ತೊಂಬೆ '''कलेवर''' -- size, body, dimensions -- ಆಕಾರ '''कल्प''' -- era, epoch, mellow -- ಕಾಲ/ ಯುಗ '''कल्पतल''' -- a mythological tree or plant that is supposed to grant all desires -- ಕಲ್ಪತರು, ಕೇಟಾನೆಲ್ಲ ತಪ್ಪ ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಮರ '''कल्पना''' -- imagination, ingencity, fancy -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡಿಯವದ್ '''कल्पनातीत''' -- unimaginable, beyond imagi-nation, unexpected -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವಕ್ ಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''कल्पनीय''' -- imaginable, fanciful capable of being imagined or conceived -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವಕ್ ಕೈವದ್ '''कल्पित''' -- supposed, assumed, imaginary -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡಿಯವದ್ '''कल्मष''' -- impurity, polluted, taint -- ಅಶುದ್ಧ, ಶುದ್ಧ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''कल्याण''' -- welfare, well being, to look after health, happiness, prosperity, guardianship -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮ '''कल्लोल''' -- wave, mirth, undulation -- ತಾರಾಮಾರಾ '''कवच''' -- armour, shell, amulet -- ಒರೆ '''कवथन''' -- boiling, churning, swirling -- ಕೊದಿಪೊ, ಪದ್‌ರುವೊ, ಮೋರ್‌ಕಲಕುವೊ '''कवयित्री''' -- a poetess, a woman who writes poetry -- ಪಾಟ್ ಎಳ್‌ದುವವ '''कवि''' -- poet, versities, bard -- ಕವಿ/ ಪಾಟ್ ಎಳ್‌ದುವಂವ '''कविता''' -- poem, poetry, a composition in verse -- ಕವನ/ ಪಾಟ್ '''कव्वाली''' -- a form of group vocal music and song -- ಕವ್ವಾಲಿ/ ಕೈಕೊಟ್ಟಿ ಪಾಟ್ '''कश''' -- attraction, appeal, lure -- ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ '''कशमकश''' -- struggle, pulling, oppose -- ಪೋರಾಟ '''कषाय''' -- ruddle, coloured, astringent, rigorous -- ಕೆಂಜೋಪ್ '''कष्ट''' -- suffering, pain, trouble -- ನರಳಾಟ, ನರಕಪಡೊ, ಸಂಕಟ, ಅನುಭವಿಚಿಡುವದ್ '''कष्ट निवारण''' -- removal, solution, remedy -- ಕಷ್ಟ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಆಕುವದ್, ಕಷ್ಟ ನೀಕುವೊ '''कष्टकार''' -- troublesome, perplexing, burden- some -- ಕಷ್ಟ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''कष्टसाध्य''' -- onerous, heavy, grievous -- ಕಷ್ಟಕೊತ್ತದ್, ಕಷ್ಟತ್‌ರ '''कस''' -- test, trial, stamina -- ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಾಡುವದ್ '''कसक''' -- smarting pain, torment, agony -- ಕುತ್ತುವನ್ನತ ನೊಂಬಲ '''कसदन''' -- wilfully, willful, own wish -- ಇಷ್ಟ ಪೋಲೆ,ಇಷ್ಟತ್ಲ್ '''कसबा''' -- small town, little town, minor urban -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಪೇಟೆ '''कसबी''' -- prostitute, callgirl, strumpet -- ಚೂಳೆ '''कसबीखाना''' -- brothel, house of prostitute, strumpethouse -- ಚೂಳೆ ಮನೆ '''कसम''' -- an oath, swearing, pledge -- ಸತ್ಯ ಮಾಡುವದ್, ಸತ್ಯ ಪ್ರಮಾಣ '''कसर''' -- deficiency, loss, shortage -- ಕೊರವು, ಕಮ್ಮಿ '''कसरत''' -- physical exercise, physical education -- ವ್ಯಾಯಾಮ ಮಾಡುವದ್ '''कसरती''' -- stout, athletic, portly -- ನಲ್ಲ ತಡಿಕಾರ '''क़साई''' -- butcher, cruel, killer -- ಪ್ರಾಣಿಯಳ ಕೊಲ್ಲುವಂವ, ಎರ್ಚಿಕೆತ್ತುವಂವೊ '''कसावट''' -- tightness, muscularity, estran-gement -- ಪುಡ್‌ತಕ್ ಎಡ್ತವ, ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾನ '''कसूर''' -- fault, offence, guilt -- ತಪ್ಪ್ '''कसौटी''' -- a touchstone, measure, standard -- ಪೊನ್ನ್ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆಮಾಡುವಕಲ್ಲ್, ಒರೆಗಲ್ಲ್ '''कस्तूरी''' -- musk, odor of musk, having a musky fragrance -- ಕಸ್ತೂರಿ '''क़स्द''' -- determination, resolve, confirm -- ನಿಶ್ಚಯ, ತೀರ್ಮಾನ '''कहना''' -- to say, to state, to tell -- ಎಣ್ಣುವದ್, ಪರಿಯುವದ್ '''क़हर''' -- calamity, disaster, very remarkable -- ನಾಶ ಆಪದ್, ಆಪತ್ತ್ '''कहलाना''' -- to inform, apprise, notify -- ಅರಿಚ್‌ಡುವದ್ '''कहाँ''' -- where, at which place, in or at what place -- ಎಲ್ಲಿ, ಏದ್ ಜಾಗತ್, ಏದ್ ಜಾಗತ್‌ಲ್ '''कहानी''' -- story, tale, imaginary event -- ಕಥೆ '''कहावत''' -- proverb, aphorism, apothergm -- ಗಾದೆ/ ಪಳಂಜೊಲ್ಲ್ '''कहीं''' -- some where, any where, uncertain place -- ಎಲ್ಲಿಯೋ, ಎಲ್ಲಿ ಎಲ್ಲಿಯೋ '''काँइयाँ''' -- algae, moss, rogue -- ಕೇಡಾಳಿ/ ಕೆಟ್ಟಂವ, ಪಾಮಂಜಿ '''काक''' -- crow, cunning fellow cork -- ಕಾಕೆ '''काँक्षा''' -- desire, longing, covet -- ಆಸೆ/ ಬಯಂದದ್ '''काग''' -- crow, cork, vaunt -- ದಿಮ್ಮಿ '''काग़ज''' -- paper, whitepaper -- ಕಾಗದ,ಬೊಳ್ತ ಪಾಳೆ '''कागज़-पत्र''' -- papers, documents, valuable paper -- ಕಾಗದ ಪತ್ರ '''कागज़ात''' -- documents, validate, substantiate -- ಕಾಗದ ಪತ್ರ/ ದಾಖಲಾತಿ '''काँच''' -- glass, intestinum, a mirror -- ಕನ್ನಡಿ '''काँचन''' -- of gold, golden, splendid, glorious -- ಪೊನ್ನ್, ಪೊನ್ನ್ ರದ್ '''काछी''' -- vegetable seller, green grocer, a retailer of fresh vegetables and fruits -- ತರಕಾರಿ ಮಾರುವಂವೊ '''काज''' -- work, accomplishment of work, drudgery -- ಪಣಿ/ ಕೆಲ್ಸ,ಕೆಲ್ಸ ತೀಪ '''काजल''' -- collyrium, soot, lamp blark -- ಕಾಡಿಯ '''काजू''' -- cashewnut, kidney shape edible nut of this tree, a tree, anacardium occidental -- ಗೇರ್ ಕುರು '''काट''' -- cutting, caustic, mordant -- ಮುರಿಪ್ಪದ್/ ತರಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''काट कपट''' -- deceitful conduct, loose conduct, misbehavior -- ಚದಿಕಾರ/ ಚದಿಕಾರ್ತಿ '''काट छाँट''' -- pruning trimming, cuttings and prunnings, keeping garnish -- ಕಪಾತ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''काटना''' -- to cut, chop, to disconnect -- ಮುರಿಪ್ಪ, ತರಿಪ '''काँटा''' -- thorn, spike, needle like crystal -- ಮುಳ್ಳ್ '''काठ''' -- wood, timber, firewood -- ಮರ/ ಪುಳ್ಳಿ '''काठिन्य''' -- difficulty, predicament, dilemma -- ಕಷ್ಟ ತರತದ್ '''कांत''' -- husband, lovely, pleasant -- ವಡಿಯ '''कातना''' -- to spin, to narrate, gyrate -- ನೂಲ್ ಎಡ್‌ಪದ್ '''कांता''' -- wife, sweetheart, beloved -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್/ ಮಂಗಲಾನವ '''कांति''' -- brightness, lusture, lucent -- ಮಿನ್ನುವದ್ '''कातिब्रा''' -- scribe, writer, a professional copyist -- ಅರ್ಜಿ ಎಳ್‌ದುವಂವ '''कांतिमान''' -- lustrous, bright, radiant -- ಮಿನ್ನಿಯಂಡುಳ್ಳದ್ '''कातिल''' -- murderer, killer, felonious -- ಕೊಲೆಗಾರ/ ಕೊಲ್ಲುವಂವ '''कादंबरी''' -- cuckoo, parrot, wine, goddess Saraswati -- ಗಿಳಿ ಪಕ್ಷಿ/ ಬಾಣ ಭಟ್ಟಂಡ ಕಾದಂಬರಿ '''काँदला''' -- dirty, mud, filthy -- ಗಲೀಜ್/ ಜಿಡ್ಡ್/ ಕೊಳಕ್, ಹೇಸಿಗೆರ '''कान''' -- ear, the organ of hearing, helm, the sense of hearing -- ಕೆಮಿ '''कानन''' -- forest, house, residence -- ಕಾಡ್/ ಬಾಂಗಾಡ್,ಮನೆ '''कानून''' -- law, a system or collection of such rules, legal action -- ಕಾನೂನ್ '''कानूनन''' -- lawfully, legally, a system or collection of such rules -- ಕಾನೂನ್‌ಕ್ ಒತ್ತದ್ '''काँपना''' -- to tremble, to shiver, shudder -- ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪದ್/ ಬೊರ್‌ಪದ್ '''कापी''' -- an excercise book, copy book, manuscript -- ಕಾಪಿ ಪುಸ್ತಕ/ ನೋಟಿತ್ ಎಳ್‌ದುವ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''काफ़ी''' -- enough, sufficient, ample -- ಮದಿ, ಬೋಂಡಿಯಾನಚ್ಚಕೆ, ಬೋಂಡಿಯಚ್ಚಕ್ '''काबिल''' -- able, worthy, qualifier -- ಒತ್ತದ್, ಯೋಗ್ಯ '''काबू''' -- hold, central, possession -- ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪದ್ '''काम''' -- work, task, service -- ಪಣಿ/ ಕೆಲ್ಸ '''कामकाज''' -- business, occupation, ceremony -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ/ ವ್ಯವಹಾರ '''कामचोर''' -- malingerer, shirker, a person who avoids work -- ಕೆಯ್ಯಂಗಳ್ಳ '''कामधाम''' -- work, occupation, business -- ಪಣಿ, ವೃತ್ತಿ, ಉದ್ಯೋಗ '''कामना''' -- longing, desire, aspiration -- ಆಸೆ '''कामयाब''' -- successful, achieving target, resulting in or attended with success -- ಗೆಲ್ಲುವದ್/ ಗುರಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುವದ್ '''कामशास्त्र''' -- sexology, sexual science, the study of sexual behaviour -- ಕಾಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''कामांध''' -- passion blind, blinded by sexual desire, high lustureous -- ಕಾಮಬುದ್ಧಿ ದುಂಬ್‌ನಂವ, ಪುಲಿಯಾಡಿ '''कामिनी''' -- lustful lady, lovely lady, charming lady -- ಕೊಣ್‌ಚಿ/ ಕೊಣಿಕಾರ್ತಿ '''कामिल''' -- accomplished, expert, execute -- ಪಡ್‌ಚಂವ, ಗಟ್ಟಿರ '''कामी''' -- sexually lustful, libidinous -- ಪುಲಿಯಾಡಿ/ ಪುಲಿಯಾಡ್‌ಚಿ '''काम्य''' -- collectable, desirable, to wish for -- ಕೂಟಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪನ್ನತದ್/ ಕೊಂಡ ಕೂಟ್‌ನದ್ '''कायचिकित्सक''' -- physician, doctor, medical officer -- ತಡಿಕ್ ಮದ್ದ್ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''कायदा''' -- rule, practice, manner -- ಕಾನೂನ್ '''क़ायम''' -- established, firm, fixed -- ಶಾಶ್ವಿತ '''कायर''' -- timid, cowardly, fearful -- ಪುಕ್ಕ್ ಲ/ ಧೈರ್ಯ ಇಲ್ಲತವು '''क़ायल''' -- fully convinced -- ಒತ್ತವೊ '''कायाकल्प''' -- rejuvenator, to make young again, restore to youthful vigor -- ಮರುಜೀವ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪದ್ '''कायिक''' -- physical, bodily, as a physial entity -- ತಡಿಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''कारख़ाना''' -- factory, workshop, company -- ಕಾರ್ಖಾನೆ '''कारखानेदार''' -- owner of company, head of the factory, master of the company -- ಯಜಮಾನ, ಕಾರ್ಖನೆರ ಯಜಮಾನ '''कारगार''' -- useful, effective, profitable -- ಉಪಯೋಗ ಆಪನ್ನತದ್ '''कारण''' -- reason, cause, purpose -- ಕಾರಣ '''कारणवश''' -- due to, cause, reason -- ಕಾರಣತ್‌ನುಂಡ್ '''कारनामा''' -- deed, feat, agreement -- ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಪತ್ರ, ಕರಾರ್ '''कारसाज''' -- skillful, adroit, adept -- ಪಣಿ ಕೆಯ್ಯುವಂವ, ನಲ್ಲ ಪಡಿಪುಳ್ಳಂವೊ '''कारा''' -- jail, prison, lawful custody -- ಜೈಲ್ '''कारागार''' -- prison, lawful custody, imprison -- ಜೈಲ್ '''कारापाल''' -- jailer, custodian of prisioners, a person who is incharge of a jail -- ಜೈಲ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ '''कारीगर''' -- artisan, craftsman, artificer -- ಕೆತ್ತನೆ ಕೆಲಸಕಾರ '''कारूणिक''' -- compassionate, pitying, tender -- ಕರುಣೆ ಕಾಟುವದ್ '''कारोबार''' -- business, trade, calling -- ಕಾರ್ಬಾರ್/ ಉದ್ಯೋಗ/ ಉದ್ಯಮ '''कार्य''' -- work, drudgery, labour -- ಪಣಿ/ ಕೆಲಸ '''कार्य-स्थगन''' -- adjournment, post-ponement, to suspend -- ಕಾರ್ಬಾರ್‌ನ ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ತೆರ್‌ಕುವ '''कार्यकर''' -- useful, effective, beneficial -- ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''कार्यकर्ता''' -- worker, agent, manager -- ಪಣಿ ಕೆಯ್ಯುವಂವ '''कार्यकारी''' -- acting, incharge, provisional -- ಕೆಯ್ಯುವವಂಡ ಬದಲ್‌ಕ್ ಪಣಿ ಕೆಯ್ಯುವಂವ '''कार्यकाल''' -- term, duration, length of time -- ಪಣಿರ ನೇರ/ ಕೆಲಸತ್‌ರ ಸಮಯ '''कार्यकुशल''' -- efficient, competent, capable -- ನಲ್ಲ ಪಣಿಕಾರ '''कार्यक्रम''' -- programme, routine, habitual -- ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ '''कार्यक्षम''' -- capable, competent, efficient -- ನಲ್ಲಪಣಿಕಾರ, ಗಟ್ಟಿಗ '''कार्यक्षेत्र''' -- field, grown or cultivate field, pertaining to a field -- ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ/ ಪಣಿ ಕೆಯ್ಯುವ ಜಾಗ '''कार्यदिवस''' -- working day, work day, the daily period of hours -- ಪಣಿರ ದಿವಸ/ ದಿನ '''कार्यपालिका''' -- executive, designed for, suited for carrying out plans -- ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಡ್‌ತುವಂವ '''कार्यप्रणाली''' -- procedure, method, technique -- ಪಣಿರ ಆರಬೇರ '''कार्यभारी''' -- incourage, provisional, acting -- ಪಣಿರ ಎಚ್ಚರ ನೋಟ್ಯವಂವ, ತತ್ಕಾಲತ್‌ರ '''कार्यरत''' -- working, engaged, busy -- ಪಣಿಲೇ ಮುಳಿತಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''कार्यवाहक''' -- acting, officiating, provisional -- ಕಾರ್ಬಾರ್‌ರ ನಿಗಾ ಎಡ್‌ತವಂವ, ತತ್ಕಾಲಕ್ ಪಣಿರ ಎಚ್ಚರ ಎಡ್‌ಪಂವ '''कार्यविधि''' -- procedure, method, methodology -- ಪಣಿರ ರೀತಿ ನೀತಿ '''कार्यविवरण''' -- proceedings, work details, continue -- ಪಣಿರ ವಿವರ '''कार्यवृत्त''' -- minutes, official proceedings details, working details -- ಕಚೇರಿರ ಕಾರ್ಯಸೂಚಿ, ವರದಿ '''कार्यसमिति''' -- working committee, operative wing, functioning committee -- ಕಾರ್ಬಾರ್ ಸಮಿತಿ '''कार्यसूची''' -- agenda, outline, a list -- ಕಾರ್ಯಸೂಚಿ '''कार्यान्वयन''' -- implementation, execute, activate -- ಕಾರ್ಯರೂಪಕ್ ಕೊಂಡಬಪ್ಪ '''कार्यालय''' -- office, station, situation -- ಕಚೇರಿ '''कार्योत्तर''' -- ex-posto facto, approval, per-mission -- ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪದ್ '''कार्रवाई''' -- action, proceedings, activate -- ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ ಚಾಲನೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪದ್ '''काल''' -- time, term, spell -- ನೇರ '''कालक्षेप''' -- passing time, killing of the time, wasting of time -- ನೇರ ಕೈಪ '''कालचक्र''' -- the wheel of time, calender, cycle of time -- ಕಾಲಚಕ್ರ '''कालदोष''' -- anachronism, expire, an error in chronology -- ಕಾಲತ್‌ರ ತಪ್ಪ್ ಲೆಕ್ಕಾಚಾರ '''कालयापन''' -- spending time, procrastination, postpone -- ಕಾಲ ಕಳೆವದ್ '''काला''' -- black, dark, inky -- ಕರ್ಪು/ ಕರ್ತದ್ '''काला चोर''' -- villest of thieves, villest of men, antisocial elements -- ಕೇಡ್‌ಕಂಡೆ/ ಕೇಡಾಳಿ/ ಕೇಡ್‌ಗ, ಪೆರ್ಂಗಳ್ಳ '''काला बाजार''' -- blackmarket, smuggling market -- ಕಳ್ಳ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ '''कालिक''' -- periodic, periodical, time to time -- ಕಾಲಕ್ ಸರಿಯಾಯಿತ್ '''काली''' -- dark, black, inky -- ಕರ್ಪು ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''काली मिर्च''' -- pepper, belongs to genus capsicum the pungent seeds of several varieties of c. annuum -- ನಲ್ಲ ಮಳು '''कालीसूची''' -- black list, blockade, stoppage -- ಕರ್ತಪಟ್ಟಿ '''काल्पनिक''' -- imaginary, fanciful, illusory -- ಕಲ್ಪನೆ '''काव्य''' -- poetry, literary work in metrical form, verses, prose with poetic qualities -- ಕಾವ್ಯ '''काश्तकार''' -- farmer, peasant, agriculturist -- ರೈತ/ ಬೇಲ್ ಪಣಿಕಾರ '''काषाय''' -- ochrish hue, brownish red, dark yellowish colour -- ಕಾವಿ ರಂಗ್ '''काँसा''' -- bronze, metal, bellmetal -- ಕಚ್ಚಿ '''काहिल''' -- sluggish, slothful, lazy -- ಸೋಂಬೇರಿ, ಮುಂಡತೆ ನೇರಕಯಿಪಂವ '''काहे''' -- what for, interrogatively -- ಎನ್ನಂಗಾಯಿತ್, ಎನ್ನಂಗ್ ಬೋಂಡಿತ್ '''कि''' -- that, for, since -- ಅದ್, ಅದ್ಂಗಾಯಿತ್ '''किंकर''' -- servant, lackey, a footman or liveried manservant -- ಪಣಿಕಾರ/ ಆಳ್ '''किंचित''' -- little, some, very few -- ಚೆನ್ನ '''कितना''' -- how much, to what extent, in what way -- ಎಚ್ಚಕ್ '''किताब''' -- book, reserve, slate -- ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''किधर''' -- where, what direction, wherefore -- ಎಲ್ಲಿ/ ಏದ್ ದಿಕ್ಕ್/ ಎಲ್ಲಿಕ್ '''किनारा''' -- bank, shore, border -- ಕರೆ (ಪೊಳೆಕರೆ/ ಬರೆಕರೆ) '''किन्तु''' -- but, however, therefore -- ಆಚೇಂಗಿ, ಆನಗುಂಡ್ '''किफ़ायत''' -- economy, thrift, prosperity -- ನೂತಾನ/ ಸೂಕ್ಷತೆ '''किम्''' -- what, which, whichever -- ಎಂತ/ ಏದ್, ಏದೇಂಗಿ '''किरण''' -- ray, beam, light or radiance -- ಕಿರಣ '''किराना''' -- grocery, the business of a grocer, shop selling food and other commodities -- ದಿನಸಿ ಸಾಮಾನ್ '''किराया''' -- rent, hire, fare -- ಬಾಡಿಗೆ '''किरायादार''' -- tenant, hireer, rent holder -- ಬಾಡಿಗೆಕಾರ '''किला''' -- a fort, castle, palace -- ಕೋಟೆ '''क़िल्लत''' -- want, scarcity, shortage -- ಬೋಂಡಿಯಾನದ್, ಪೋರತ್ತಾಪದ್ '''किल्ली''' -- wedge, cram, stuff -- ಕೀಲ್, ಗೂಟ '''किंवा''' -- or, otherwise, alternative -- ಇಲ್ಲೇಂಗಿ, ಬೋರೆ ಏದೇಂಗಿ '''किशोर''' -- adolescent, young, youthful -- ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ/ ಚೆರಿಯಕ್‌ಣ್ಣ '''किशोरी''' -- spinster, maid, belle -- ಕನ್ನಿ ಮೂಡಿ/ ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ್ತಿ '''किस''' -- what, which, why -- ಎಂತ/ ಏದ್/ ಎನ್ನಂಗ್ '''किसान''' -- farmer, peasant, cultivator -- ಬೇಲ್ ಪಣಿಕಾರ, ರೈತ '''किस्त''' -- instalment, part payment, several parts in to which a debt or other sum payable is divided for payment at sucessive periods of time -- ಕಂತ್ '''किस्म''' -- type, kind, variety -- ತರ/ ಪಲತರ '''किस्मत''' -- fate, fortune, luck -- ಹಣೆಬರ/ ನೆತ್ತಿರ ಎಳ್‌ತ್, ದೆಸೆಪಲ '''किस्सा''' -- story, a narrative, cithes true or fictious in prose or verse -- ಕತೆ '''कीचड़''' -- mud, slime, mire -- ಮಣ್ಣ್/ ಕೆತ್ತೆ ಮಣ್ಣ್/ ಕೆತ್ತೆ '''कीजिए''' -- please do, honorofic imperative -- ದಯಬೆಚ್ಚಿತ್ ಮಾಡಿ '''कीट''' -- insect, worm, any small arthropods such as spider -- ಪುಳು '''कीटाणु''' -- a germ, bacillus, a micro-organism -- ಜೀವಾಣು '''कीड़ा''' -- insect, worm, crawl -- ಪುಳು '''कीड़ी''' -- worm, poke, dawdle -- ಪುಳು '''कीमत''' -- price, cost, worth -- ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆ, ದಾರಣೆ, ಬೆಲೆ '''कीमती''' -- costly, valuable, precious -- ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ದುಂಬಾಕ್ರಯತ್‌ರ '''कीर''' -- parrot, fowler, a hunter of birds -- ಗ್‌ಣಿಪಕ್ಷಿ, ಪಕ್ಷಿ ಬೋಟೆಕಾರ '''कीर्तन''' -- song, a poetical composition, the art or act of singing -- ಪಾಟ್ '''कीर्ति''' -- reputation, fame, glory -- ನಲ್ಲ ಪೆದ/ ಕೇಳಿ/ ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ '''कीर्ति-स्तम्भ''' -- monument, a statue, sepulcher -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಡ ಗೇನತ್ ನಿಪ್ಪ್ ಚಿಟ್ಟ ಕಂಬ್ '''कील''' -- nail, core of a boil, pin -- ಆಣಿ '''कीली''' -- pivot, axis, pin -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಆಣಿ, ಗೂಟ '''कुआँ''' -- well, correctly, accurately -- ಕಣತ್ತರೆ,ಸರಿಯಾಯಿತ್ '''कुँआरा''' -- son, boy, prince -- ಮೋಂವೊ '''कुँआरी''' -- unmarried woman, maid, virgin -- ಕನ್ನಿ ಮೂಡಿ/ ಮೋವ '''कुकर्म''' -- evil, wicked, bad -- ಕೆಟ್ಟಪಣಿ/ ಕೇಡ್ ಕೇತರೆ '''कुकुरमुत्ता''' -- fungus, mushroom, puffballs -- ಕುಮ್ಮು/ ಭೂಷಣ ಬಪ್ಪ '''कुक्ष''' -- stomach, belly, the abdomen -- ಕೆಲ/ ಪೊಟ್ಟೆ '''कुख्यात''' -- infamous, ill formed, disreputed -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಕೇಳಿ '''कुचक्र''' -- intrigue, plot, conspiracy -- ಪಿತೂರಿ, ಪಿತಲಾಟ '''कुचलना''' -- to crush, to vaquish, to trample -- ಪುಂಡುವ/ ಞವುಂಡುವ '''कुचाली''' -- wicked, roguish, godless -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುವಂವ, ಕೆಟ್ಟಚಾಲ್‌ರ '''कुची''' -- brush, skirmish, action -- ಜಗಳ ಬಕ್ಕಣ '''कुचैला''' -- dirty, dirty all round, filthy -- ಜಿಡ್ಡ್/ ಕೊಳಕ್, ಗೊಜ್ಜೆ '''कुछ''' -- some, a few, not larger -- ಚೆನ್ನ/ ಚೆನ್ನಂಗ್ '''कुंजर''' -- elephant -- ಆನೆ '''कुटना''' -- procurer, go between, to obtain -- ನೇಡುವಂವ '''कुटिया''' -- hutment, camp, cave -- ಗುಡಿಸಲ್/ ನೆರ್‌ಕೆ ಮನೆ '''कुटिल''' -- crooked, curved, malicious -- ಚಾಡಿಕಾರ, ಕೇಡ್ ಕೇತರೆಕಾರ '''कुटीर''' -- cottage, hut, accommodation -- ಗುಡಿಸಲ್/ ಪಿಲ್ಲ್‌ಮನೆ '''कुटीर-उद्येग''' -- cottage industry, small scale industry -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಕೈಕೆಲಸ '''कुटुंब''' -- kins folk, housefold, family -- ಒಕ್ಕ '''कुटेव''' -- addiction, evil habit, physically habit forming -- ಏದೇಂಗಿ ಚಾಲ್‌ಕ್ ಒಗ್ಗಿಪೋಪದ್ '''कुंठा''' -- bluntness, dullness, frustration -- ಬೇಜಾರತಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''कुठार''' -- hatchet, axe, weapon -- ಮತ್ತ್/ ಕೊಡಲಿ '''कुंठित''' -- frustrate, obtuse, dull -- ನಿರಾಸೆ '''कुढ़ंगा''' -- mannerless, unmannerly, ugly -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಚಾಲ್‌ಕಾರ, ನಡಪ್‌ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತ '''कुढ़न''' -- envy, jealousy, fretting -- ಕೇಡ್/ ಕಿಚ್ಚ್ '''कुतर्क''' -- wrong mode of reasoning, wrong path, wrong way of thinking -- ತರ್ಕ ಇಲ್ಲತಿಪ್ಪದ್, ತಪ್ಪಾಯಿತ್ ಅರ್ಂಜವದ್ '''कुतहल''' -- inquisitivensess, curiosity, eagerness -- ಕುತೂಹಲ, ಬೇವುಅರಿವ ಆಸೆ '''कुतिया''' -- a bitch, a female dog, selfish person -- ಪೊಳ್ಳೆ ನಾಯಿ '''कुतूहल''' -- inquisitiveness, curiosity, interesting quality -- ಕುತೂಹಲ, ಬೇವುಅರಿವ '''कुत्ता''' -- dog, a domesticated caried cannisfamiliaris -- ಆಣ್ ನಾಯಿ '''कुत्सित''' -- despicable, contemptible, vile -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಬುದ್ಧಿ, ಲುಚ್ಚ '''कुंद''' -- blunt, obtuse, dull headed -- ಪೆದ್ದ, ಮುರಿಮುಂಡ '''कुदकड़ा''' -- frisk, gambol, frolic -- ತುಳ್ಳಿಕಳಿಪ, ಪಾರಿಕಳಿಪ '''कुदरत''' -- nature, natural scenery, wild condition -- ಪ್ರಕೃತಿ '''कुदरती''' -- divine, natural, inborn -- ದೈವೀಕ/ ದೇವಡ ಶಕ್ತಿ '''कुदृष्टि''' -- sinister eye, bad eye, wicked eye -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಕಣ್ಣ್, ದೃಷ್ಟಿ '''कुनकुना''' -- tepid, lukewarm, moderate -- ಒಯ್ಯಿ ಬೆಕ್ಕೆ/ ಚೆನ್ನ ಬಿಸಿ '''कुनह''' -- grudge, bitterness, rancour -- ಪಗೆ '''कुपथ''' -- wrong way, evil course, sinful way -- ತಪ್ಪು ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಪಾಳ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''कुपरिणाम''' -- undesirable, bad shape, evil result -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಪರಿಣಾಮ '''कुपात्र''' -- unworthy, undeserving, not capable -- ಅಯೋಗ್ಯ/ ಯೋಗ್ಯ ಅಲ್ಲತಂವ '''कुपित''' -- enlarged, irate, furious -- ಚೊಡಿಕಾರ '''कुपुत्र''' -- unworthy, wicked son, impious son -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಮೋಂವೊ '''कुपोषण''' -- unbalanced nutrition, malnutrition, lack of proper nutrition -- ಪೋಷಣೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''कुप्रथा''' -- evil, bad custom, sinful -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ನಡ್‌ಪು '''कुप्रबंध''' -- mal administeration, mis-management, mishandlement -- ಪಾಳ್ ತರತ್ ನಡ್‌ತುವೊ '''कुप्रभाव''' -- evil effect, sinful effect, influence of unrighteousness -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಪ್ರಭಾವ '''कुप्रवृत्ति''' -- bad tendency, wickedness, pernicious -- ಬೋಂಡತ ಚಾಲ್/ ಬೋಂಡತ ಪಣಿ '''कुप्रशासन''' -- wrong ruling, mal administration, mismanagement -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಆಡಳಿತ/ ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಶಾಸನ '''कुफल''' -- bad, evil result, depraved -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಫಲ '''कुबुद्धि''' -- wicked, vile, vileness -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''कुंभ''' -- a pitcher, pot, a earthern container -- ಕೊಡ/ ಮಣ್ಣ್‌ರ ಕಲ/ ಕರುವ '''कुभाव''' -- wrong motive, sinful objective, evil concept -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಭಾವನೆ '''कुमक''' -- reinforcement, making strong, strengtheness -- ಸಾಯ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪದ್, ಕುಮ್ಮಕ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''कुमति''' -- imprudence, indiscretion, unwise -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''कुमंत्रणा''' -- improper recommendation, wrong counsel, bad suggestion -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಸಲಹೆ '''कुमंत्रित''' -- wrong advise, ill advised, wicked suggestion -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಸೂಚನೆ - ಸಲಹೆ '''कुमार''' -- bachelor, boy, prince -- ಮೋಂವೊ ಕ್‌ಣ್ಣ, ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ '''कुमारी''' -- virgin, maiden, spinster -- ಕನ್ನಿ ಮೂಡಿ/ ಮೋವ '''कुमार्ग''' -- bad way, evil course, wrong advise -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''कुम्हड़ा''' -- field pumpkin, sweet pumpkin, the similar fruit of any several related species . maxima -- ಕುಂಬಳ/ ಬೆಲ್ಲತ ಕುಂಬಳ '''कुम्हार''' -- a potter, a person who makes pottery -- ಕುಂಬಾರ '''कुरंग''' -- bad colour, illness, almond colour deer -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ರಂಗ್ '''कुरीति''' -- evil-practice -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ರೀತಿ '''कुरूप''' -- ugly, hideous, grisly -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ಲತ ರೂಪ '''कुर्क''' -- attached, confiscated, connected -- ಅಂಟಿಯಂಡ್/ ಕೂಡೆ, ಜಪ್ತಿಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''कुर्बान''' -- sacrifice, renounce, forgo -- ಬೆಲಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪದ್, ತ್ಯಾಗ '''कुर्सी''' -- a chair, a seat, a position of authority -- ಕುರ್ಚಿ '''कुल''' -- total, cell, gross -- ಕೂಟಿತ್/ ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟಿತ್, ಎಲ್ಲ '''कुल धर्म''' -- family, tradition, custom -- ಕುಲಕೊತ್ತ ನಡ್‌ಪು '''कुलमर्यादा''' -- family respect, family tradition, family custom -- ಕುಲಕೊತ್ತ ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ '''कुलहाड़ा''' -- a large axe, weapon -- ಕೊಡಲಿ '''कुलाचार''' -- family custom, tradition, honour -- ಕುಲತ್‌ರ ಆಚಾರ '''कुलाधिपति''' -- chancellor -- ಕುಲಪತಿ '''कुली''' -- porter, coolie, an attendant -- ಕೂಲಿಕಾರ '''कुलीन''' -- belonging to high family, royal dynasty -- ನಲ್ಲ ಒಕ್ಕ '''कुवासना''' -- filthy desire, filthy thought, filthy ambition -- ಕೆಟ್ಟಗೇನ, ಪಾಳ್ ಆಸೆ '''कुविचार''' -- wrong opinion, filthy thought, dirty thinking -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''कुव्यवहार''' -- ill treatment, maltreatment, misbehavior -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ವ್ಯವಹಾರ '''कुशल''' -- skilful, skilled, welfare -- ಬುದ್ಧಿಕಾರ, ತೇಂಜ '''कुशल क्षेम''' -- giving hospitality, welfare, taking proper care -- ಸೌಖ್ಯ, ತಕ್ಕಾರ '''कुशलता''' -- well being, dexterity, skill -- ಕ್ಷೇಮ/ ಆರೋಗ್ಯತಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''कुशाग्रबुद्धि''' -- quick to understand, having keen intellect, perspicacious -- ಚುರ್‌ಕ್ ಬುದ್ಧಿಕಾರ '''कुश्ती''' -- wrestling bout, sports, the act of a person who wrestles -- ಕುಸ್ತಿ ಕಳಿ '''कुष्ट''' -- leporsy, skin disease, dermatological disease -- ಕುಷ್ಟ ರೋಗ '''कुसुम''' -- flower, blossom, flourish -- ಪೂವ್ '''कूच''' -- departure, to depart (from the world) -- ಬೋರೆ ಪೋಪೊ/ ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡುವದ್ '''कूट''' -- counterfeit, imitation, cheating -- ಮೋಸಗಾರಿಕೆ '''कूटनीति''' -- skill in managing negotiations, cunning, diplomacy -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್‌ರ ನಡತೆ/ ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಚಾಲ್, ವ್ಯವಹಾರತ್‌ಲ್ ತೇಂಜಂವೊ '''कूटनीतिज्ञ''' -- diplomat, a person who is tactful and skilful in managing delicate situations, a person appointed by national government to conduct official negotiation -- ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮ ವಿಷಯತ್‌ನ ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಲ್ ನೀಸುವ ಗಟ್ಟಿಗತನ '''कूड़ा''' -- rubbish, sweepings, trash -- ಬೋಂಡತ ವಸ್ತು, ಕಾಟಕಚ್ಚಡ '''कूड़ाखाना''' -- place for dumping refuse, garbage, a trashcan -- ಕಾಟ ಇಡುವ ಜಾಗ '''कूड़ेदान''' -- dustbin, garbage can, a trashcan -- ಕಾಟ ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ '''कूढ़मरज''' -- dull, dunce, numbskull -- ಮಂದ ಬುದ್ಧಿಕಾರ '''कूतना''' -- to estimate, appraise, gauge -- ಅಂದಾಜ್, ಅಂದಾಜ್ ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''कूद''' -- jump, leap, bound -- ಪಾರುವೊ '''कूपक''' -- small well, shaft, hole -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಕಣತ್ತರೆ, ಕೂವ '''कूपसंकल्प''' -- determined, inflexible, un-faltering -- ನಿರ್ದಾರ, ತೀರ್ಮಾನ '''कूबड़''' -- hump, hunch, conjecture -- ಗೂನ್ '''कूर्म''' -- tortoise, a turtle -- ಆಮೆ '''कृत''' -- done, executed, achieved -- ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್/ ಆನದ್/ ಸಾದ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟದ್ '''कृतघ्न''' -- ungrateful, thankless, disgraceful -- ಉಪಕಾರ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ, ಉಪಕಾರ ಅರಿಯತಂವ '''कृतज्ञ''' -- grateful -- ಉಪಕಾರತ್‌ನ ಅರಿಯುವಂವ '''कृतज्ञता''' -- gratefulness, obliged, thankful -- ಕೃತಜ್ಞತೆ ಕಾಟುವದ್ '''कृतार्थ''' -- gratified, beholden, obliged -- ಉಪಕಾರ ಪಡ್ಂದವ, ತೃಪ್ತಿ ಪಟ್ಟಂವ '''कृति''' -- work, acomplishment, deed -- ಪಣಿ/ ಕೃತಿ '''कृतित्व''' -- accomplishment, achievement, work -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ ಪಣಿ, ಸಾಧನೆ '''कृत्य''' -- deed, doing, function -- ಮಾಡನಂತ ಪಣಿ/ ಮಾಡಿತಾನ ಪಣಿ '''कृत्रिम''' -- artificial, affectation, unnaturalness -- ದಗಾ/ ಮೋಸ, ಕೃತಕ '''कृपण''' -- miserly, stingy, niggardly -- ಜೀನೆ, ನಾಸ್‌ಲ '''कृपणता''' -- miserliness, stinginess, niggaraliness -- ಜೀನೆ ಬುದ್ಧಿ/ ಜೀನೆತನ '''कृपया''' -- kindly, pleased to, prefer to -- ದಯಬೆಚ್ಚಿತ್ '''कृपा''' -- favor, kindness, benevolence -- ದಯ '''कृपालु''' -- kind and gentle, benign, compassionate -- ದಯ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ/ ಕರುಣೆ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ '''कृमि''' -- worm, insect, creeping animal -- ಪುಳು/ ಕ್ರಿಮಿ '''कृमिनाशक''' -- wormkiller, insecticide, pesticides -- ಕ್ರಿಮಿನಾಶ ಮಾಡುವ ಮದ್ದ್ '''कृमिनिशान''' -- science of insects, ento-mology -- ಕ್ರಿಮಿ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''कृषक''' -- a farmer, cultivator, peasant -- ಕೃಷಿ ಮಾಡುವಂವ/ ಬೊಳೆ ಬೊಳ್‌ತುವಂವ '''कृषि''' -- agriculture, the science of crops, the science of agronomy -- ಕೃಷಿ/ ವ್ಯವಸಾಯ '''कृष्ण''' -- dark, black, dark coloured -- ಕರ್ಪು ರಂಗ್ '''केकड़ा''' -- crab -- ಞಂಡ್ '''केकी''' -- peacock -- ನವಿಲ್ ಪಕ್ಷಿ , ಮೈಲ್ '''केंचुआ''' -- earth worm, longworm nutured in the intestine -- ಎರೆ ಪುಳು '''केत''' -- flag, banner -- ಬಾವುಟ, ಓಜ '''केन्द्र''' -- centre, middlepart, station -- ಮಧ್ಯ/ ಮದ್ಯತ್, ನಡು '''केन्द्रीकरण''' -- centralisation, to draw to or gather about a centre, to come together at or to form a centre -- ಕೇಂದ್ರೀಕರಣ '''केन्द्रीभूत''' -- centralized, concentrated, centralize -- ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಸ್ಥಾನತ್ '''केला''' -- banana, a tropical plant of the genus musacertain species of which are cultivated for the nutrition, the fruit esp. that of paradisaca. with yellow or reddish rind -- ಬಾಳೆ ಪಣ್ಣ್/ ಬಾಳೆ '''केवल''' -- only, solely, exclusively -- ಒಂದೇ, ಒಂದ್ ಮಾತ್ರ '''केश''' -- the hair, any of the numerous fine, usually cylindrical keratinous filaments growing from the skin of humans and animals, an aggregate of such filaments, as that covering the human body or head forming the coat of most mammals -- ತಲ್ಮಿ, ರೋಮ '''केसरी''' -- a lion -- ಸಿಂಹ '''कैद''' -- imprisonment, incarceration, jail -- ಕೈದಿ '''कैदखाना''' -- jail, prison, restraint -- ಜೈಲ್ '''कैवल्य''' -- ultimate realisation, absolute purity, oneness -- ಮುಕ್ತಿ '''कैसे''' -- how -- ಎನ್ನನೆ '''कोई''' -- any, someone, anybody -- ದಾರೋ/ ದಾರೇಂಗಿ '''कोख''' -- abdomen, womb, lowerpart of the stomach -- ಕ್‌ಪೊಟ್ಟೆ, ಗರ್ಭ '''कोटि''' -- grade, rank, order -- ವರ್ಗ '''कोठरी''' -- smallroom, cell, cave -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಕೋಂಬರೆ '''कोठा''' -- a big room, brothel, big cottage -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಕೋಂಬರೆ '''कोठार''' -- stonehouse, warehouse, godown -- ಕೂಟಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪ ಜಾಗ '''कोढ़ी''' -- leper, itller, out and out -- ಕುಷ್ಟರೋಗಿ '''कोतवाली''' -- city's main police station, police station, police head quarters -- ಪೋಲೀಸ್ ಸ್ಟೇಷನ್ '''कोताह''' -- short, brief, crumbly -- ಕೊರವು, ಕಮ್ಮಿ, ಚೆರಿಯ '''कोना''' -- corner, impass, predicament -- ಮೂಲೆ '''कोप''' -- anger, wrath, fury -- ಚೊಡಿ '''कोमल''' -- soft, tender, delicate -- ಪದ/ ಮೆತ್ತನೆ '''कोमलता''' -- softness, delicacy, tenderness -- ಪದ ಉಳ್ಳದ್/ ಮೆತ್ತನೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''कोयला''' -- coal, charcoal, a black or dark brown mineral -- ಕಲ್ಲಿದ್ದಲು, ಮಸಿ '''कोर''' -- edge, border, margin -- ಬರಿ/ ಕರೆ/ ಮೂಲೆ '''कोर-कसर''' -- deficiency, defect, flaw -- ಕೊರವು '''कोलहाल''' -- nose, uproar, clatter -- ಗಲಾಟೆ, ರಂಪ '''कोश''' -- concordance, lexicon, glossary -- ಕೋಶ/ ಕೂಟಿ ಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''कोशकार''' -- dictionary maker, lexico-grapher, dictionary writer -- ಅರ್ಥಕೋಶ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''कोष''' -- treasure, fund, value, esteem -- ನಿಧಿ/ ಭಂಡಾರ/ ಕೂಟಿ ಬೆಚ್ಚ ಪಣ/ ಚಂಗೀರ '''कौआ''' -- crow, jackdaw, vaunt -- ಕಾಕೆ '''कौटुंबिक''' -- family, household, parents and then children considered as a family -- ಕುಟುಂಬಕ್ ಒತ್ತದ್, ಒಕ್ಕತ್‌ರ '''कौतूहल''' -- inquisitiveness, curiosity, interesting -- ಕುತೂಹಲ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಬೇರ ಅರಿಯುವೊ '''कौम''' -- nation, community, a social group -- ದೇಶ/ ಜಾತಿ '''कौमार्य''' -- youth, boyhood, unmarried boy -- ಬಾಲ್ಯ '''कौर''' -- morsel, mouthful, a small piece of food -- ಓರ್‌ಬಾತ, ಓರ್‌ಚುತ್ತೆ '''क़ौल''' -- promise, contract, word -- ಆಣೆ ಭಾಷೆ '''कौशल''' -- skill, strategy, ability -- ಸಾಮರ್ಥಿಕೆ '''क्या''' -- what -- ಎಂತದ್, ಎನ್ನ '''क्यों''' -- why, cause, purpose -- ಎನ್ನಂಗ್, ಎನ್ನಂಗಾಯಿತ್ '''क्रम''' -- order, prescription, ordinance -- ರೀತಿ '''क्रमशः''' -- in order to, gradually, moderate inclination -- ರೀತಿಕೊತ್ತನ್ನಕೆ '''क्रमांक''' -- serial number, order wise, roll no. -- ಕ್ರಮ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ '''क्रमागत''' -- consecutive, continuous, marked by logical sequence -- ಎಡೆಬುಡತೆ '''क्रमानुसार''' -- in due order, serial wise, roll number wise -- ಕ್ರಮಕೊತ್ತ ಪೋಲೆ '''क्रमिक''' -- gradual, sucessive, slow process -- ಒಂದಾನ ಪಿಂಞ ಒಂದ್ '''क्रय''' -- purchasable, obtain, procure -- ಕ್ರಯಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ತವನ್ನತದ್ '''क्रय''' -- buying and selling, marketing, purchase & sale -- ಕ್ರಯಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ತವ/ ಮಾರುವದ್ '''क्रांति''' -- revolution, complete or drastic change in a system -- ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ '''क्रांतिकारी''' -- revolutionary, unprecedented, drastic -- ಕ್ರಾಂತಿಕಾರ/ ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''क्रिया''' -- action, movement, process -- ಕೆಲಸ/ ಪಣಿ '''क्रियात्मक''' -- functional, practical, capable of operating -- ಪಣಿ ಕೆಯ್ಯುವಂವ '''क्रियाविधि''' -- procedure, methodology, working system -- ಕ್ರಮ ಕೊತ್ತ ಪಣಿ '''क्रियाशील''' -- active, working, working process -- ಕ್ರಮಪೋಲೆ ಪಣಿ ಕೆಯ್ಯುವಂವ, ನೈಪುಕಾರ '''क्रीड़ा''' -- play, frolic, sport -- ಕಳಿ/ ಕ್ರೀಡೆ '''क्रूर''' -- cruel, ferocious, brutal -- ಕ್ರೂರತನ, ದುಷ್ಟ '''क्रेता''' -- buyer, purchaser, customer -- ಕ್ರಯಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ತವಂವ '''क्रोध''' -- anger, wrath, rage -- ಚೊಡಿ '''क्लिष्ट''' -- difficult, hard to understand, hard -- ಕಷ್ಟತುಳ್ಳದ್, ಅರ್ಥ ಆಗತದ್ '''क्षण''' -- a movement, instant, present -- ಒರ್‌ಗಳಿಗೆ/ ಕ್ಷಣ '''क्षणजीवी''' -- momentary, shortlived, temporary -- ಚೆನ್ನ ಸಮಯ ಬದುಕುವಂವ '''क्षति''' -- lose, harm, damage -- ಕಳ್ಂದವ '''क्षतिग्रस्त''' -- damaged, injured, affected -- ಕಳ್ಂದಂಡಂವ/ ಗಾಯ ಆನಂವ/ ತೊಂದರೆ ಪಟ್ಟಂವ '''क्षतिपूरक''' -- compensatory, lack, as for loss -- ನಷ್ಟತ್‌ನ ಕೂಟಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''क्षतिपूर्ति''' -- compensation, damages, harmful -- ಪರಿಹಾರ '''क्षम''' -- able, competent, forbearing -- ಯೋಗ್ಯ, ಸಮರ್ಥ '''क्षमता''' -- effeciency, competency, capability -- ಸಾಮರ್ಥಿಕೆ '''क्षमा''' -- condonation, forgiving, overlooking or implied forgiving -- ಕ್ಷಮೆ/ ಮಾಪು '''क्षम्य''' -- pardonable, forgivable, excusable -- ಮಾಫ್ ಮಾಡುವದ್ '''क्षय''' -- tuberculosis, tubercules, lungs disease -- ಕ್ಷಯ ರೋಗ '''क्षार''' -- alkali, chemical, any of the various bases the hydroxides of the alkali metals and of annonicim, chemical compound -- ಕ್ಷಾರ '''क्षिति''' -- the earth, dwelling place, destruction -- ಭೂಮಿ '''क्षिप्र''' -- fast, quick, nimble -- ಬೆರಿಯ, ಚುರ್‌ಕ್ '''क्षिप्रगामि''' -- fast moving, fast -- ಚುರ್‌ಕ್‌ಕಾರ '''क्षीण''' -- feeble and weak, lean & thin, emaciated -- ಕೊರವು ಆಪ/ ಕ್ಷೀಣ ಆಯಂಡ್ ಒಪ್ಪದ್ '''क्षीर''' -- milk -- ಪಾಲ್ '''क्षुद्र''' -- wicked, petty, insignificant -- ನೀಚ/ ಅಯೋಗ್ಯ '''क्षुधा''' -- appetite, hunger -- ಕೆಲ ಪಯಿಪು '''क्षुब्द''' -- perturbed, agitated, troubled, confused -- ಚೊಡಿ ಪೆರ್ತದ್, ಮನ ಕೆರಳಿಚಿರುವದ್ '''क्षुर''' -- razor, hoof, sharp edged blade -- ಚೌರ ಕತ್ತಿ '''क्षेत्य''' -- projectile, inspelling, missile -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ನೂಕುವದ್ '''क्षेत्र''' -- field, area, region -- ಜಾಗ/ ಭೂಮಿ '''क्षेत्रफल''' -- area, square measure, length -- ಭೂಮಿರ ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ '''क्षेत्रमिति''' -- mensuration, process of measuring, measurement of length -- ಭೂಮಿರ ಅಳತೆ ಎಡ್‌ಪ '''क्षेत्राधिकार''' -- jurisdiction, area purview, official area limits -- ಜಾಗಕೊತ್ತ ಅಧಿಕಾರ '''क्षेत्रीय''' -- territorial, regional, zonal -- ಜಾಗಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''क्षेप''' -- throw, instalment, launch -- ಚಾಡುವದ್/ ಚಾಡುವೊ/ ಕನಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''क्षेम''' -- welfare, looking hospitality, taking extreme care -- ಕ್ಷೇಮ/ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ '''क्षोभ''' -- excitement, grief, agitation -- ಮನಸ್‌ರ ಅಲೆ ಪಾಚಲ್ '''क्षौर''' -- hair cutting, shaving -- ಚೌರ ಮಾಡವೊ '''ख''' -- second of the soft palatal pentad of consonants of the Nagari alphabet -- ಕ ಅಕ್ಷರತ್‌ರ ಮಹಾಪ್ರಾಣ '''खग''' -- bird -- ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''खँगालना''' -- to ransack, probe, to rinse out -- - ಸೂರೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಲೂಟಿ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''खगोल''' -- astronomy, celestial sphere, the science that deals with the material universe beyond the earth's atmosphere -- ಖಗೋಲ '''खग्रास''' -- complete, total eclipse, any obscuration of light, to cause to under go eclipse -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಮುಚ್ಚನ ಗ್ರಾಣ '''खचित''' -- embedded, studded -- ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ಪಡ್‌ತಿಯವ '''खच्चर''' -- mule, spinning mule, a machine for spinning cotton or other fibers in to yarn and winding the yarn on spindles -- ಕುದ್‌ರೆ - ಕತ್ತೆ ಅಲ್ಲತ ಒರ್ ಪ್ರಾಣಿ '''खँजडी''' -- a timbrel -- ಕಂಜರಿ ವಾದ್ಯ, ತಮಟೆ '''खंजन''' -- in iterative, a species of bird, wagtail, dimple -- ಒರ್ ಜಾತಿರ ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''खंजर''' -- dagger, a short, sword like weapon with a pointed blade and a handle used for stabbing, sharper -- ಕತ್ತಿರನ್ನತ ಒರ್ ಆಯುಧ, ಚೆರಿಯ ಬಾಳ್‌ಕತ್ತಿ '''खँजाची''' -- treasurer, hoard, esteem -- ಖಜಾಂಜಿ '''ख़जाना''' -- treasury, treasure, bank -- ಖಜಾನೆ '''खजूर''' -- date, date palm -- ಕರ್ಜೂರ ಪಣ್ಣ್, ಈತೆಪಣ್ಣ್ '''खटकना''' -- to click, to rattle, clatter -- ಕಟ ಕಟ ಸದ್ದ್/ ಕಟ ಕಟ ಕೊಟ್ಟುವೊ '''खटकाना''' -- to knock, tap or rap, see strike -- ತಟ್ಟುವೊ - ತಟ್ಟುವದ್, ಬೊರಿಪ '''खटखटाना''' -- to tap -- ಕಟ ಕಟ ಸದ್ದ್ ಒಪ್ಪದ್ '''खटमल''' -- bed bug, a flat, wingless, blood sucking verminous in sect, any of several the blood sucking bugs of the family cimicidae -- ಮೂಟೆ '''खटमिट्ठा''' -- having a mixed taste of sour and sweet -- ಪುಳಿ - ಮೊದ್‌ರ '''खटराग''' -- mess of things, irrelevant imbroglio, confused entanglement -- ಕಾಟ ಕಡ್ಡಿರ ಗುಡ್ಡೆ '''खटाई''' -- sour, petulant, crabbed -- ಪುಳಿ '''खड़ग''' -- a sword, this weapon as a symbol of a war, a weapon having various forms but consisting typically of a long blade -- ಬಾಳ್ ಕತ್ತಿ '''खंडशः''' -- in parts, piecemeal, portion wise -- ತುಂಡ್ ತುಂಡ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''खंडिका''' -- installment, a single portion of something furnished or issued in parts at successive times -- ಕಂತ್ '''खंडित''' -- broker, an agent who buys and sells for a principal in a commission basis without having title to the property, one who acts as a mediator between selling and purchasing -- ಮಧ್ಯವರ್ತಿ, ದಳ್ಳಾಳಿ '''खड़िया''' -- chalk, piece of chalk, a mark made with chalk -- ಚುಣ್ಣ ಕಡ್ಡಿ '''खड्ड''' -- deep and large pit, abyss, a deep immeasurable space -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಕುಂಡ್ '''ख़त''' -- a letter, hand writing, literature -- ಕಾಗದ '''खतरनाक''' -- dangerous, perilous, risky -- ಅಪಾಯ ತಪ್ಪದ್ '''ख़तरा''' -- danger, peril, hazard -- ಅಪಾಯ/ ತೊಂದರೆ '''ख़ता''' -- error, lapse, mistake -- ತಪ್ಪ್ '''खतावर''' -- cozen, dupe, bamboozle -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನಂವೊ, ವಂಚನೆ ಮಾಡುವಂವೊ '''खत्ता''' -- barn, ditch, slang -- ಪತ್ತಾಯ '''खत्ती''' -- underground, godown, store, hoard -- ನೆಲಮಾಳಿ/ ಕೂಟಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪ ಜಾಗ, ನೆಕ್ಕುಯಿ '''खत्म''' -- ended, completed, unbroken -- ತ್ಂದದ್ '''खंदक''' -- ditch, trench, a long narrow excavation made in the ground by digging as for drainage -- ಕಡಂಗ್ '''खदान''' -- mine, supply, hoard -- ಗಣಿ '''खनना''' -- to dig, to breakup, turnover -- ಕಳ್‌ಪ '''खनिज''' -- mineral, a substance obtained by mining, as ore -- ಖನಿಜ '''खपत''' -- consumption, utilization, explication -- ಉಪಯೋಗ್ ಚಿಡುವೊ/ ಖರ್ಚಾಪದ್ '''खपना''' -- to be consumed, exhaust, deplete -- ಉಪಯೋಗಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪದ್ '''ख़फा''' -- displeased, angry, unpleasant -- ಚೊಡಿ, ಕುಸಿ ಆಗತದ್ '''खबर''' -- news, information, news cast -- ವಾರ್ತೆ, ಸುದ್ದಿ '''खबरदार''' -- watchful, cautious, beware -- ಎಚ್ಚರ/ ಎಚ್ಚರತಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''खबरनवीस''' -- press reporter, one who gives the information to the press, journalist -- ಪತ್ರಕರ್ತ '''ख़बीस''' -- uncouth, uncultured, dis-courteous -- ಅನಾಗರಿಕ, ಚಾಯಿಲ್ಲತ '''खब्त''' -- craze, fad, eccentricity -- ಬಲ್ಲಾದೆ ಕಳಿ '''खंभा''' -- pillar, pole, post -- ಕಂಬ್ '''खम''' -- bend, stop, check -- ಬಗ್ಗುವೊ/ ಬಾಂಗುವೊ '''खयाली''' -- imaginary, fanciful, visionary -- ಭಾವನೆ/ ಮನಸ್‌ಲ್ ತೋಂದ್‌ನದ್ '''खर''' -- straw, a fiber straw, a tube -- ಪಿಲ್ಲ್ ಕಳೆ '''ख़र''' -- severe, harsh, hot-biting -- ಕಠಿಣ ಆನದ್ '''ख़र''' -- ass, donkey, stupid, dull -- ಕತ್ತೆ '''खरगोश''' -- a rabbit -- ಮೊನ '''खरतल''' -- frank and plain spoken, harsh, sharp -- ಉಳ್ಳನಕೆ ಎಣ್ಣುವದ್, ನೇರೆ ಪರಿವಂವೊ '''ख़रबूजा''' -- a musk melon -- ಬತ್ತಂಗೆ '''खरा''' -- pure, genuine, plain speaking -- ಶುದ್ಧ '''खराब''' -- bad, spoiled, wicked -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟದ್, ಪಾಳ್ '''खराबी''' -- badness, wickedness, defeat -- ಕೆಟ್ಟತನತದ್ '''खराश''' -- irritation, sensitive condition, angry -- ಕಿರಿ ಕಿರಿ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''खरीद''' -- purchase, get, obtain -- ಕ್ರಯಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ತವ '''खरीदार''' -- a buyer, purchaser, procurer -- ಕ್ರಯಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ಪಂವೊ '''खरोंच''' -- scratch, out an dot, complete -- ಗೀರ್/ ಬಿರ್‌ಕ್ '''खर्च''' -- expenditure, expense, outlay -- ಖರ್ಚಿ '''खल''' -- wicked, base, low -- ಕೆಟ್ಟಂವೊ '''ख़लल''' -- obstruction, disturbance, inter-ference -- ತಡೆ/ ಗಲಾಟೆ '''खलास''' -- discharged -- ತೇಪ, ತೇಂದದ್ '''ख़लासी''' -- porter, door keeper, labourer -- ಪಣಿಕಾರ/ ಆಳ್ '''खलिहान''' -- threshing floor -- ಒಕ್ಕ್‌ಕಳ '''खल्वाट''' -- baldness, baldhead, baldpated -- ಚಾಣೆ ಮಂಡೆ/ ಬೋಳ್ ಮಂಡೆ '''ख़सम''' -- husband, master, a married man -- ವಡಿಯ/ ಮಂಗಲಾನಂವೊ '''खसरा''' -- measles, survey book, survey -- ಅಳ್‌ಪದ್, ದಡಾರ '''खाई''' -- moat, trench, a deep water surface -- ಕಡಂಗ್ '''खाऊ-उड़ाऊ''' -- prodigal, profligate, bounteous -- ತಾರಾಮಾರ ಖರ್ಚ್ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''खाक''' -- ashes, dust, earth -- ಬೂದಿ '''खाका''' -- sketch, sketchmap, outline -- ಸ್ಕೆಚ್ '''खाँचा''' -- groove, furrow, bucket -- ಕೈಸಾಲ್, ಕಾಲುವೆ, ಕೈತೋಡ್ '''खाज''' -- scabies, itch, mange -- ತೊರಿಕಜ್ಜಿ '''खात''' -- pit, pond, well -- ಕುಂಡ್, ಕೆರೆ, ಕಣತ್ತರೆ '''खात''' -- manure, duny -- ಗೊಬ್ಬರ '''खाता''' -- ledger, account, book keeping -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''खातिर''' -- hospitality, to accommodate, to take extreme care -- ಎಚ್ಚರ ಎಡ್‌ತವಂವ, ತಕ್ಕಾರ '''खाद''' -- manure, fertilizer, artificial manure -- ಗೊಬ್ಬರ '''खाद्य''' -- food, eatable, edible -- ಕೊಳ್/ ತೀನಿ/ ತಿಂಡಿ '''खान''' -- mine, an ore, natural deposit of such minerals -- ಗಣಿ '''खान पान''' -- eating and drinking, good family, reputed family -- ಕುಡಿಪೊ - ತಿಂಬ '''खानदान''' -- family, parents and their children, a group of persons closely related by blood -- ಮನೆತನ/ ಒಕ್ಕ, ಸಂಸಾರ '''खाना''' -- to eat, to consume the food, to take in to mouth -- ತಿಂಬ '''खाना कमाना''' -- to earn, livelihood -- ಸಂಪಾದನೆ ಮಾಡವೋ/ನೇಡುವೊ '''खाना पीना''' -- enjoy, appreciate, fancy -- ತಿಂಬ/ ಕುಡಿಪ '''खाँप''' -- slice, bit, a part -- ತುಂಡ್/ ಚೂರ್ '''खामी''' -- defect, fault, blemish -- ತಪ್ಪ್, ದೋಷ '''खामोश''' -- silent, quiet, dormant -- ಮೌನ '''खारा''' -- salty, slime, witty -- ಉಪ್ಪುಪ್ಪ್ '''खाल''' -- skin, fur, outer coating -- ತೋಲ್/ ಚಕ್ಕಳ '''खालिस''' -- pure, unadulterated, unmixed -- ಶುದ್ಧ '''खाली''' -- empty, vacant, free -- ಖಾಲಿ '''खास''' -- special, particular, extraordinary -- ವಿಶೇಷ '''खाँसना''' -- to cough, an illness, characterized by frequent coughing, to expel air from the lungs suddenly with a harsh noise -- ಕೆಮ್ಮುವೊ '''खासियत''' -- speciality, characteristic, particularize -- ವಿಶೇಷ ಆನದ್/ ವಿಶೇಷ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''खाँसी''' -- cough -- ಕೆಮ್ಮಟ '''खिचई, खिचाव''' -- attraction, strain, pull -- ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ '''खिचड़ी''' -- a preparation of rice and pulse boiled together -- ಕಿಚಡಿ (ತೀನಿ) '''खिजलाहट''' -- visible irritation, fretting, metal -- ಕಿರಿ ಕಿರಿ ಆಪ '''खिझाना''' -- to tease, bother, harass -- ಹೀಯಾಳ್‌ಚಿಡುವ, ಹಂಗ್‌ಚಿರುವೊ '''खिड़की''' -- window, chimney, an opening in the wall of a building -- ಕ್‌ಡಿಕ್ಕೆ '''खिताब''' -- title, topic, degree -- ತಲೆ ಎಳ್ತ್/ ಪದವಿ '''खिदमत''' -- service, lackeying, an act of helpful activity -- ಸೇವೆ '''खिदमतगारी''' -- service, attendance, supply and maintenance -- ಸೇವೆ ಮಾಡುವವ '''खिलना''' -- to blossom, thrive, bloom -- ಬೀರುವೊ '''खिलवाडी''' -- playful, sportive, frolicsome -- ಕಳಿಕಾರ '''खिलाई''' -- act of feeding, act of eating -- ನಲ್ಲ ತೀನಿ ತಿಂಬ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ '''खिलाड़ी''' -- a player, sportsman, a man engaged in sports -- ಕಳಿಕಾರ '''खिलाना''' -- to feed, to give food, to provide as food -- ತಿಂಬ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ '''खिलाफ''' -- against, opposed, contrary to -- ವಿರೋಧ '''खिलावाड़''' -- fun and frolic, child's play -- ಮಕ್ಕ ಕಳಿ '''खिलौना''' -- doll, plaything, toy -- ಗೊಂಬೆ/ ಕಳಿಪ ಸಾಮಾನ್, ಕಳಿಂಬ '''खिल्ली''' -- making fun, derision, ridicule -- ಐಲಾಟ ಮಾಡುವೊ/ ತಮಾಸಿ '''खिसकना''' -- to move slowly, unhurried, gradual -- ಜಾರುಮೊ, ಮೆಲ್ಲೆಪೋಪ '''खींचना''' -- to pull, to draw, to draw or tug at with force -- ಬಲಿಪ್ಪೊ '''खीर''' -- sweet preparation, sweet dish, milk dish -- ಕೀರ್ ಪಾಯಸ '''खीरा''' -- cucumber, a creeping plant, the edible fleshy fruit of the plant -- ಚೌತೆ '''खुजलाना''' -- to experience an itching sensation -- ಕಡಿಪನ್ನನೆ ಆಪೊ, ತೊರಿಯುವೊ '''खुजलाहट''' -- itch, to scratch, irritate -- ಕಡಿಪ್ಪೊ (ಮೇಲ್ ಕಡಿಪ್ಪೊ) '''खुजली''' -- itchiness, characterized by itching, having or causing itching sensation -- ಕಡಿಪ್ಪದ್, ತೊರ್‌ಚಲ್ '''खुंटना''' -- to pluck, to vex, tease -- ಕೊಯ್ಯುವೊ, ಪರಿಪ '''खुद''' -- self, oneself, individual -- ಸ್ವಂತ, ಅಂವಂಡೊಟ್ಟ್‌ಕ್ '''खुदखुशी''' -- suicide, a person who intentionally takes his or her own life, to commit suicide -- ಆತ್ಮಹತ್ಯೆ/ ಜೀಂವ ಕಳ್ಂದವೊ '''खुदा''' -- god, ruler of the universe, supreme being -- ದೇವ '''खुदाई''' -- digging, an operation or locality, a place where digging is carried on -- ಕಳ್‌ಪೊ '''खुनस''' -- anger, wrath, rage -- ಚೊಡಿ '''खुफिया''' -- detective, secret, intelligence -- ಪತ್ತೆದಾರ/ ಪತ್ತೆ ಮಾಡುವಂವೂ '''खुमारी''' -- drowsiness, dozy, somnolent -- ವರ್‌ಕ್ ತೂಂಗುವೊ '''खुमी''' -- mushroom, fungus, puffballs -- ಕುಮ್ಮು '''खुम्भी''' -- mushroom, puffballs, coral fungi -- ಕುಮ್ಮು '''खुरक''' -- itch, apprehension, worry -- ಕಜ್ಜಿ, ತೊರ್‌ಚಲ್ '''खुरचन''' -- scrape, scrapings, stint -- ಉದ್ದ್ದಿತ್ ಮಿನ್‌ಕುವೊ '''खुरचन''' -- scrape, scrapings, stint -- ತೊರಂಡುವೊ '''खुरहरा''' -- rough, uneven, bare -- ಒರೇ ತರ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಮಿನ್‌ಙನೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''खुराक''' -- dose, diet, a quantity of medicine prescribed to be taken at one time -- ಸಮತೋಲನ ತೀನಿ, ಓರ್‌ಕುಡ್‌ಕ್ ಮದ್ದ್ '''खुला''' -- open, to be opened, an open or clear space -- ತೊರ್ಂದದ್/ ತೊರ್‌ಪಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''खुलासा''' -- summary, abstract, brief picture -- ವಿವರ ಆಯಿತ್ ಎಣ್ಣದ್ '''खुल्लम खुल्ला''' -- openly, publicly, clearly -- ಒಡ್‌ತಿತ್ ಎಣ್ಣದ್/ ಒಳಿಮರೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''खुश''' -- happy, pleased, joyous -- ಕುಸಿ/ ಕುಶಿ '''खुशकिस्मत''' -- fortunate, good fortune, advantageous -- ಭಾಗ್ಯಶಾಲಿ '''खुशखबरी''' -- good news, uplifting, desirable -- ನಲ್ಲ ವರ್ತಮಾನ/ ನಲ್ಲ ಸುದ್ಧಿ '''खुशनसीब''' -- good luck, very lucky, good fortune -- ನಲ್ಲ ಅದೃಷ್ಟ/ ಭಾಗ್ಯಶಾಲಿ '''खुशबी''' -- fragrance, aroma, sweet smell -- ಗಮನ '''खुशमिजाज''' -- cheerful, gay tempered, cherry -- ಕುಶಿ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''खुशहाल''' -- well off, prosperous, auspicious -- ಅನುಕೂಲಸ್ತ, ನಲ್ಲ ಲಕ್ಷಣತ್‌ರ '''खुशामद''' -- a flattering -- ಮೆಚ್ಚ್‌ಚಿರುವಕ್ ಮುಂಡತೆ ಹೊಗಳುವೊ '''खुशी''' -- joy, delight, happiness -- ಕುಸಿ/ ಕುಶಿ '''खुश्क''' -- dry, arid, uninspired -- ಒಣಂಗ್‌ನದ್ '''खुसुर फुसूर''' -- whispering, rumor, gossip -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್ ಪರಿಯುವೊ/ ಪಚ್ಚಿ ಪರಿಯುವೊ '''खून''' -- blood, kinship, family -- ಒಕ್ಕ,ಚೋರೆ '''खूनी''' -- murderer, pertaining to blood, blood red -- ಕೊಲೆಗಾರ '''खूब''' -- very much, well done, performed accurately and diligently -- ಚಾಯೋಡೆ '''खूबसूरत''' -- beautiful, handsome, fair -- ಚಾಯಿ/ಚಂದ '''खूबी''' -- excellent, speciality, elegance -- ಪೆರ್ತ್ ಚಾಯಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''खेत''' -- a field, form, on which crops and often livestock are raised for lively-hood -- ಬೇಲ್ '''खेती''' -- farming, cultivation, agriculture -- ಬೇಲ್ ಪಣಿ '''खेद''' -- regret, sorrow, distress -- ಬೇಜಾರ '''खेप''' -- installment, a single portion of something furnished or installed by parts, the act of installing -- ಕಂತ್ '''खेल''' -- play, game, sport -- ಕಳಿ '''खेलखूद''' -- sports, to be busy playing, diversion -- ಕಳಿ ತೆಳಿ '''खेलना''' -- to play, show, play game -- ಕಳಿಪೊ '''खैर''' -- well being, welfare, let it be -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ, ಚಾಯಿಲಿಪ್ಪೊ '''खैरसल्ला''' -- welfare, social support, financial support -- ನಲ್ಲದ್ ಬಯಂದವ, ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ '''खैरात''' -- alms, amity, needy -- ದಾನ '''खैरियत''' -- welfare, safety, an assurance -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ ಬಯಂದವದ್, ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ ಸೌಖ್ಯ '''खोखला''' -- hollow, vain, futile -- ಜಳ್ಳ್, ವ್ಯರ್ಥ '''खोंचिया''' -- beggar, fowler, alms -- ಬಿಕ್ಷೆಕಾರ '''खोज''' -- search, investigation, discovery -- ತೇಡ್ '''खोजना''' -- to seek, to search, investigation -- ತೇಡುವೊ '''खोटा''' -- defective, faulty, be adulterated -- ಊನ, ದೋಷ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''खोदना''' -- to dig, to dig out, to breakup -- ಕಳ್‌ಪೊ '''खोना''' -- to loosen, untie, unbind -- ಸಡಲಮಾಡುವೊ, ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ಕಯಿಪ '''खोपड़ा''' -- skull, the bone frame work of head, the skeleton of the head -- ಮಂಡೆರ ಓಡ್ '''खोपड़ी''' -- skull, head, bone based face -- ಮಂಡೆರ ಓಡ್ '''खोल''' -- to cover, overlay, protection -- ಮುಚ್ಚುವೊ '''खोलना''' -- to open, to clear, to be frank -- ತೊರ್‌ಪೊ '''खोह''' -- cave, cellar, underground room -- ಗುಹೆ, ಮಾಳಿ '''खौलना''' -- to boil, rage, churn -- ಕೊದ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ, ಚೊಡಿಬಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿರುವೊ '''ख्यात''' -- reputed, renowned, notorious -- ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ, ಪೆದಪೋನ '''ख्याति''' -- reputation, fame, renown -- ಕೇಳಿ '''ख्याल''' -- an idea, thought, opinion -- ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''ख्याली''' -- imaginary, fanciful, shadowy -- ಕಲ್ಪನೆ '''ख्वाब''' -- a dream, a succession of images, an object seen in a dream -- ಸ್ವಪ್ನ '''ख्वारी''' -- insult, offend, abuse -- ಹೀಯಾಳ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ, ಮಾನಕೆಡ್‌ತುವೊ '''ख्वाहिश''' -- wish, desire, crave -- ಆಸೆ/ಬಯಂದದ್ '''ग''' -- third of the soft palatal pentad of consonants of the nagari alphabet -- ಕ ವರ್ಗತ್‌ರ ಮೂಂದನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ 'ಗ' '''गऊ''' -- cow -- ಪಯ್ಯು '''गगन''' -- sky, space, galaxy -- ಆಕಾಶ, ಬಾಣ '''गगरा''' -- biggish, pitcher, pot -- ಬಿಂದಿಗೆ/ ಕೊಡ '''गंगाराम''' -- parrot -- ಗ್‌ಳಿ, ಗ್‌ಣಿ '''गज''' -- elephant, an animal -- ಆನೆ '''गंज''' -- baldness, alopelion, dump -- ಚಾಣೆ ಮಂಡೆ '''गजट''' -- gazette, government order -- ಗೆಜೆಟ್ '''गजब''' -- calamity, fury, distress -- ನಾಶ, ಆಪತ್ತ್ '''गँजाई''' -- dumping, heaping, stack -- ಗುಡ್ಡೆ ಇಡುವೊ '''गठन''' -- build, structure, construction -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್, ಕೆಟ್ಟುವೊ '''गठरी''' -- package, bundle, to park -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ '''गड़बड़''' -- middle, confuse, both -- ಗಡಿಬಿಡಿ '''गड़बड़ाना''' -- to be confused, distraction, turmoil -- ಗಡಿಬಿಡಿ ಆಪದ್, ಗಲಾಟೆ ಆಪದ್ '''गड़बड़िया''' -- bungler, mismanage, foul up -- ಗಡಿಬಿಡಿ ಕಳಿ '''गंडा''' -- knotted black string -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ಕೂಡಿಪೋನ ಕರ್ತ ನೂಲ್ '''गँड़ासा''' -- axe, chopper for cutting fodder -- ಕೊಡಲಿ/ ಮತ್ತ್ '''गड्ढा''' -- a pit, ditch, hollow -- ಕುಂಡ್ '''गढ़''' -- fort, castle, country mansion -- ಕೋಟೆ '''गण''' -- batch, group, community -- ಗುಂಪ್/ಕೂಟ '''गणक''' -- scorer, announcer, accountant -- ಲೆಕ್ಕಕಾರ/ ಕಣಕ್ಕ್‌ಕಾರ '''गणतंत्र''' -- republic -- ಪ್ರಜಾ ಪ್ರಭುತ್ವ '''गणना''' -- counting, accounting, giving figures -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''गणमान्य''' -- distinguished, honoured, respected -- ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ '''गणिका''' -- prostitute, call girl, trollop -- ಚೂಳೆ '''गणित''' -- mathamatics, exact, precise -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ '''गत''' -- past, gone, completed -- ಆಯಿಪೋನದ್/ ಆನದ್/ ತ್ಂದದ್ '''गंतव्य''' -- destination, end of travel, last stop of the journey -- ಗುರಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುವೊ '''गति''' -- motion, movement, active -- ಚಲನೆ/ ಚುರ್‌ಕ್ '''गतिक''' -- dynamic, dynamical, vigorously acting -- ಚುರ್‌ಕುಳ್ಳ '''गतिमान''' -- active, nonstative, in motion -- ಉಷಾರ್ '''गतिशील''' -- forceful, active, mobile -- ಚುರ್‌ಕ್‌ಲುಳ್ಳದ್ '''गत्यात्मक''' -- vigorously, active, moving -- ರಭಸತ್‌ಲ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''गंद''' -- filth, morbidity, disgusting -- ಕೆತ್ತೆ/ ಹೇಸಿಗೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''गंदगी''' -- filth, nastiness, foul matter -- ಹೇಸಿಗೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''गँदला''' -- muddy not clear, not pure -- ಕಲಕ್ಕ್ '''गंदा''' -- dirty filthy, grimy -- ಗೊಜ್ಜೆ '''गंदुम''' -- wheat, food grains -- ಗೋಧಿ '''गद्य''' -- prose, matter of fact, simple language -- ಗದ್ಯ '''गंध''' -- smell, sense of smell, scent -- ಗಮನ, ವಾಸನೆ, ನಾತ '''गंधक''' -- sulphur, lemon colour, a mineral -- ಗಂಧಕ '''गधा''' -- an ass, vulgar, foolish -- ಕತ್ತೆ '''गंधी''' -- perfumer, fragrance, scent -- ಗಮನ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''गध्र''' -- vulture -- ಪದ್ದ್/ ಅಡೆಪದ್ದ್ '''गन्ना''' -- sugarcane -- ಕೈಬ್ '''गपागप''' -- quickly, rapidly, very soon -- ಚುರ್‌ಕ್, ಬೆರಿಯ '''गप्पी''' -- chattering, a gossiper, idle talk -- ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗ ಇಡುವಂವೊ, ಹರಟೆ ಪರಿಯುವೊ '''गबन''' -- misappropriation, misuse, embezzle -- ದುರುಪಯೋಗ '''गबरू''' -- youthful, early in time, having the appearance -- ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ '''गंभीर''' -- serious, deep, profound -- ಗಂಭೀರ '''गम''' -- grief, sorrow, painful -- ದುಃಖ/ ಬೇಜಾರ '''गमक''' -- fragrance, smell, scent -- ಸುಗಂಧ/ ಗಮನ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''गमला''' -- flower pot -- ಪೂ ಚೆಟ್ಟಿ '''गम्य''' -- accessible, approachable, traver-sable -- ನಿರ್‌ಕ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ ಜಾಗ, ಪೋಪಕ್‌ಕಯ್ಯುವ ಜಾಗ '''गरचे''' -- although, even though, though -- ಆಚೇಂಗೆಯೂ/ ಆನಕಲೂ '''गरजना''' -- to thunder, to roar, to shout -- ಗುಡ್‌ಗ್/ ತೆಡ್, ಜೋರ್‌ಕೂತ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''गरदन''' -- the neck -- ತೊಂಡೆ/ ಕೊರ, ಬೋಳೆ '''गरम''' -- hot, warm, extreme -- ಬಿಸಿ, ಬೆಕ್ಕೆ, ಚುಡ್‌ಙನೆ '''गरमाहट''' -- warmth, moderately hot, ardent -- ಬಿಸಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''गरल''' -- poison, venom, spite -- ವಿಷ '''गरिमा''' -- dignity, grace, sublimity -- ಗತ್ತ್, ಘನತೆ '''गरिष्ठ''' -- heavy, not easily digestible -- ತೂಕವುಳ್ಳದ್/ ಭಾರ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''गरीब''' -- poor, meek, having little money -- ಗರೀಬ '''गरीबी''' -- poverty, indigence, penury -- ಗರೀಬತನ/ ಬಡತನ '''गरुड़''' -- eagle -- ಕಿರ್‌ಕೊಟ್ಟ, ಕ್‌ಡುವೊ '''गरुर''' -- vanity, pride, egotism -- ಅಭಿಮಾನ/ ಬಡಾಯಿ '''गर्जन''' -- roar, thunder, bawl -- ಕೂತ್/ ಕಿರ್‌ಚುವೊ '''गर्जित''' -- roared, roaring, thunder -- ಸದ್ದಾಪದ್/ ಗರ್ಜನೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''गर्त''' -- pit, deep or large pit, grave -- ಕುಂಡ್ '''गर्दिश''' -- distress, trouble, revolution -- ತೊಂದರೆ, ದುಃಖ '''गर्भ''' -- womb, conception, pregnancy -- ಗರ್ಭ '''गर्व''' -- pride, vanity, self esteem -- ಗರ್ವ '''गर्वोक्त''' -- boast, bray, poker -- ಕೊಚ್ಚಿಯವೊ '''गलत''' -- wrong, incorrect, erroneous -- ತಪ್ಪ್ '''गलत बयानी''' -- wrong statement, false communication -- ತಪ್ಪು ಹೇಳಿಕೆ '''गलतफहमी''' -- misunderstanding, mis-apprehension, misconception -- ತಪ್ಪು ಅರ್ಥ, ತಪ್ಪಾಯಿತ್ ಅರ್ಂಜವೊ '''गलती''' -- mistake, inaccuracy, fault -- ತಪ್ಪ್ '''गला''' -- throat -- ತೊಂಡೆ '''गली''' -- lane, street, avenue -- ಬೀದಿ, ಓಣೆ '''गल़ीजा''' -- dirty, filthy, vulgar -- ಜಿಡ್ಡ್/ ಗೊಜ್ಜೆ '''गल्ला''' -- herd, flock, cash box -- ಗಲ್ಲಾ ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ, ಪ್ರಾಣಿಯಡಪುಂಡ್ (ಪುಂಡತ್ತ) '''गँवाऊ''' -- wasteful, prodigal, profligate -- ವ್ಯರ್ಥ ಖರ್ಚಿರ '''गवाँना''' -- to lose, to waste, damage -- ಕಳ್ಂದವೊ '''गँवाना''' -- to loste, to waste, unnecessary spending -- ಕಳ್ಂದವದ್/ ಅನಾವಶ್ಯ ಖರ್ಚ್ '''गँवार''' -- uncivilised, rustic, boorish -- ಹಳ್ಳಿಗ/ ನಾಡ್‌ಕಾರ '''गवारा''' -- agreeable, acceptable, accumulate -- ಕೂಟುವೊ, ಒತ್ತವಂತದ್ '''गवाह''' -- witness, perceive proof -- ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ '''गवाही''' -- evidence, testimony, deposition -- ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ ಎಣ್ಣುವೊ '''गवेषणा''' -- research, investigation, study -- ತೇಡ್‌ವೊ/ ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪ್ಪೊ '''गश्त''' -- beat, petrol, belabor -- ಗಸ್ತ್ ತಿರುವೊ '''गंस''' -- grudge, revenge, greediness -- ಸೇಡ್, ಪಗೆ '''गहन''' -- deep, intricate, depth -- ಆಳ '''गहना''' -- ornament, jewellery, fancy -- ಮಾಲ್ ಮಟ '''गहरा''' -- deep, sound, depth -- ಆಳ '''गागर''' -- a nearthen pitcher, a container, a person who pitches -- ಬಿಂದಿಗೆ, ಮಂಗರುವ '''गाजर''' -- carrot, a nutritious vegetable -- ಕ್ಯಾರೆಟ್ '''गान''' -- song, poetical composition on, the art of singing -- ಪಾಟ್ '''गांभीर्य''' -- depth, deep, intensity -- ಗಂಭೀರತೆ '''गाय''' -- cow, bully, scare -- ಪಯ್ಯು '''गायक''' -- singer, a person who sings, a poet -- ಪಾಟ್‌ಕಾರಂಗ '''गायब''' -- vanished, disappeared, evanesce -- ಮಾಯ '''गाल''' -- cheek, adaucity, gall -- ಕಪಾಳ/ ದವಡೆ '''गालिब''' -- over powering, overcoming, extra ordinary -- ಗಟ್ಟಿಗ '''गाली''' -- abuse, vituperation, scolding -- ಬಯ್ಯುವೊ '''गालू''' -- garrulous, boastful, bragging, talkative -- ತಕ್ಕಕಾರ, ಪಳಮೆಕಾರ '''गाँव''' -- village, rural area, a small community -- ನಾಡ್/ ಗ್ರಾಮ '''गिजगिजा''' -- viscous, fleshy, consisting of or resembling flesh -- ಪತ್ತಿಯವೊ, ಅಂಟಿಯವೊ '''गिट्टी''' -- road stone, grit, metal some -- ಜಲ್ಲಿಕಲ್ಲ್ '''गिद्ध''' -- a vulture, greedily, unscrupulously -- ಪದ್ದ್/ ಅಡೆ ಪದ್ದ್ '''गिद्ध-दृष्टि''' -- long sighted, capability to view from a great distance -- ಪದ್ದ್ ಕಣ್ಣ್, ದೂರತ್ಂಜಿ ನೋಟುವನ್ನತ '''गिनती''' -- counting, calculation, measure-ment -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''गिने-चुने''' -- selected few, in a limited number, restricted -- ಆಂಜಿತ್ ಎಡ್‌ಪದ್ '''गिरजाघर''' -- a church, cathedral, Chrisitan body -- ಚರ್ಚ್ '''गिरना''' -- to fall, to collapse, to drop -- ಬೂವದ್ '''गिरफतार''' -- arrested, to catch, apprehended -- ಅರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''गिरवी''' -- mortagage, pledged, hypothecated -- ಅಡ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ '''गिराना''' -- to cause, to fall, to bring down -- ಬೂವೂಚಿಡುವೊ, ಬೂಕುವೊ '''गिरावट''' -- fall, downfall, decline -- ಬೂವೊ '''गिल''' -- earth, clay, mud -- ಮಣ್ಣ್ '''गिला''' -- compliant, complying, accusation -- ಎಣ್ಣ್ ನ್ನಕೆ ಕೇಪಂವೊ '''गिलास''' -- tumbler, a stemless drinking glass, a tumbling box or barrel -- ಲೋಟ, ಕೋಪೆ '''गीत''' -- song, something that is sung, poetical composition -- ಪಾಟ್ '''गीति''' -- a lyric, the words of a song, pertaining to or writing lyric poetry -- ಪಾಟ್‌ರ ಲಯ '''गीदड़''' -- a timid man, jackal, fearful -- ಕೆಣಿಕಾರ, ಪುಕ್ಕ್ ಲ '''गीला''' -- moist, wet damp -- ಪಸೆ '''गुजरना''' -- to pass, to make a humming sound -- ಕಳಿವೊ, ಕಳಂದವೊ '''गुजरा''' -- subsistence, survival, nourish-ment -- ಜೀವನಾಧಾರಕ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''गुंजाइश''' -- space, accommodation, capacity -- ಜಾಗ/ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ '''गुजारिश''' -- submission, request, prayer -- ಬೋಡಿಯವೊ '''गुट''' -- faction, discord, split -- ಕೂಟ, ಗುಂಪು '''गुटबंदी''' -- groupism, factionalism, partisan -- ಗುಂಪ್‌ಗಾರಿಕೆ '''गुठली''' -- stone, a hailstone, a hard substance -- ಕಲ್ಲ್ '''गुड़''' -- jaggery, dark sugar, a coarse -- ಬೆಲ್ಲ '''गुड़िया''' -- a doll, a female given name, form of dorothy -- ಗೊಂಬೆ '''गुड्डी''' -- a female, feminine, girl -- ಮೂಡಿ, ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಜಾತಿ '''गुण''' -- quality, property, attribute -- ಗುಣ '''गुण-दोष''' -- merits and demerits, capability-incapability -- ಗುಣಪಿಂಞ ಬೋಂಡತಗುಣ, ನಲ್ಲದು ಕೆಟ್ಟದು '''गुणकारी''' -- curative, effective, preventive -- ಗುಣಮಾಡುವಂತ, ವಾಸಿಮಾಡುವಂತ '''गुणगान''' -- praise, acclaim, applause -- ಹೊಗಳುವೊ, ಮೆಚ್ಚುವೊ '''गुणग्रहण''' -- appreciation, gratitude, thankful recognition -- ಉಪಕಾರ ಅರ್ಂಜವೊ '''गुणवत्ता''' -- virtuosity, goodness, quality -- ನಲ್ಲರಿಕೆ '''गुणा''' -- multiplication, magnify, enlarge -- ಗುಣಾಕಾರ '''गुणात्मक''' -- qualitative -- ಗುಣಕೊತ್ತದ್ '''गुणान्वित''' -- meritorious, reward, deserving praise -- ನಲ್ಲರಿಕೆ ದುಂಬ್‌ನಂವೊ '''गुणित''' -- multiple, collective, consisting of -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಇಡುವೊ, ಭಾಜ್ಯಸಂಖ್ಯೆ '''गुदगुदाना''' -- to tickle, amuse, enchant -- ಕಕ್ಕುಳಿ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''गुदा''' -- the anus -- ಕುಂಡಿ, (ಗುದ) ಗೊಳ್ಳೆ '''गुनगुनाना''' -- to hum, to sing with close lips, bustle -- ಗುಣ್ ಗುಣ್ ಚಿಡುವೊ/ ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ ಪಾಡುವೊ/ ಮೂಳಂಪಾಟ್ '''गुनना''' -- to assimilate, absorb, to add -- ಬಲ್ಚೆವೊ,ಕೂಟುವೊ '''गुनहगार''' -- guilty, sinner, culprit -- ಪಾಪಿ/ ತಪ್ಪಿತಸ್ಥ '''गुनाह''' -- sin, fault, offensive -- ಪಾಪ/ ತಪ್ಪ್ '''गुप्त''' -- secret, hidden, latent -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್ ರ '''गुप्तचर''' -- detective, confidential, secretive agent -- ಪತ್ತೆದಾರಿ '''गुफा''' -- cave, storage cellar, house -- ಗುಹೆ/ ಮಾಳಿ '''गुम''' -- lost, missing, absent -- ಕಳ್ಂದಂಡದ್/ ಮಾಯ ಆನದ್ '''गुमनाम''' -- anonymous, of unknown name, lacking individuality -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್ ಪೆದ/ ಪೆದ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ '''गुमराह''' -- astray, erring, going the wrong way -- ತಪ್ಪು ಬಟ್ಟೆಲ್ ನಡ್‌ಪದ್ '''गुमान''' -- vanity, false pride, egotism -- ಜಂಭ, ಬಡಾಯಿ '''गुमाश्ता''' -- agent, clerk, money lender -- ಗುಮಾಸ್ತ '''गुर''' -- short formula, device, gadget -- ಸೂತ್ರ '''गुरदा''' -- kidney -- ಉಚ್ಚೆ ಬಟ್ಟಿ, ಕಾಯಿ, ಕಿಡ್ನಿ '''गुरिया''' -- bead, bit, fragment -- ಕಾಳ್/ ಕುರು, ಮುರ್ಚ ಚೂರ್ '''गुरु''' -- a teacher, instructor, a person who teaches -- ಟೀಚರ್/ ಪಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವವು '''गुरुत्वाकर्षण''' -- gravitation -- ಗುರುತ್ವಾಕರ್ಷಣೆ ಶಕ್ತಿ '''गुल''' -- rose, flower, burnt portion of a wick -- ಪೂವ್, ಗುಲಾಬಿ ಪೂ '''गुलदस्ता''' -- bouquet, bunch of flowers, odor -- ಪೂಜೊಪ್ಪೆ '''गुलमा''' -- swelling, round protuberance, a swollen part -- ಪುಡ್‌ಪ್ '''गुलाम''' -- slave, bonded labour, mazdoor -- ಪಣಿಕಾರ/ ಆಳ್, ಗುಲಾಮ '''गुसलखाना''' -- bathroom, toilet, a room equipped for taking a bath or shower -- ಗುಡ್ಡ '''गुस्ताख''' -- insolent, impertinent, impudent -- ಹಾಂಕಾರ ಕಳಿಪವು '''गुस्सा''' -- anger, wrath, resentment -- ಚೊಡಿ '''गूंगा''' -- mute, dumb, silent -- ಬಾಯಿ ಬರತಂವೊ/ ಮೂಗ '''गूँज''' -- echo, reverberation, resound -- ಪ್ರತಿಧ್ವನಿ '''गूढ़''' -- mysterious, secret, occult -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್ ರ '''गूढ़ता''' -- incomprehensible, unfathomable -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್ ಲುಳ್ಳದ್ '''गृह''' -- residence, habitation, domicile -- ಮನೆ '''गृहस्थ''' -- house holder, the head of the family, a person who holds title to or occupies a house -- ಮನೆಕಾರ/ ಮನೆರ ಒಡೆಕಾರ /ಯಜಮಾನ '''गृहिणी''' -- wife, house wife, to marry a particular woman -- ಯಜಮಾಂತಿ '''गेंद''' -- ball -- ಚೆಂಡ್ '''गेली''' -- galley -- ಗ್ಯಾಲಿ, ದೋಣಿ, ಚೆರಿಯ ಹಡಗ್ '''गेहूँ''' -- wheat -- ಗೋದಿ '''गैर''' -- other, outsider, additional, non-relative -- ಪಡ್ ಭೂಮಿ, ಪರಿಚಯ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ '''गैर इनसाफी''' -- injustice, wrong, tort -- ಅನ್ಯಾಯ '''गैर कानूनी''' -- illegal, unlawful, illicit -- ಕಾನೂನ್ ಒಳಪಡತೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''गैर मनकूला''' -- immovable, adamant, inflexible -- ಶಾಶ್ವಿತ ಉಳ್ಳನ್ನತದ್ '''गैर मौजूदगी''' -- absence, lack, inattentiveness -- ಗೈರ್ ಹಾಜರಾಪೊ '''गैरजिम्मेदार''' -- irresponsibility, unreliable, undependable -- ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ಇಲ್ಲತನ್ನತದ್ '''गैरमुनासिब''' -- improper, in appropriate, unsuited -- ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''गैल''' -- way, path, road -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ನಡಪ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''गैसीय''' -- gaseous, uncertain, not definite -- ನಿರ್‌ಕ್ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಗ್ಯಾಸ್, ಕಾತ್‌ಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''गोचर''' -- perceptible, within the reach of senses, discernible -- ಕಾಂಬನ್ನತದ್ '''गोत्र''' -- lineage, ancestry, pedigree -- ಗೋತ್ರ, ಸಾಲ್ ಸಂತಾನ '''गोंद''' -- gum, paste, mucilage -- ಅಂಟ್, ಗೋಂದ್ '''गोदाम''' -- godown, ware house, stores -- ಗೋಡೌನ್/ ಸಾಮಾನ್ ಕೂಟಿಬೆಪ್ಪ ಜಾಗ '''गोंदीला''' -- gummy, sticky, pasty -- ಅಂಟ್‌ರನ್ನತದ್/ ಅಂಟುವನ್ನತದ್ '''गोपनीय''' -- secret, confidential, mysterious -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್ ರ '''गोप्य''' -- clandestine, covert, occult, hidden -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್ ರ '''गोबर''' -- cowdung, dung, manure -- ಚಾಣ/ ಚಾಣ ಗೊಬ್ಬರ '''गोबर गणेश''' -- idiot, nitwit, fool -- ಮುಠ್ಠಾಳ '''गोरा''' -- white, fair complexioned, impartial -- ಬೊಳ್‌ಪು '''गोरापन''' -- fairness, whiteness, clean -- ಬೊಳ್ತಿತೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''गोरी''' -- fair complexioned damsel, unmarried girl, spinster -- ಬೊಳ್ತಿತೆ ಉಳ್ಳವ '''गोल''' -- round, circular, spherical -- ಉರ್‌ಟ್ '''गोलबर''' -- cupola, arch, mischievous -- ಕೇಡ್ ಕಂಡೆ/ ಕೇಡಾಳಿ, ಪೊಂದಾಯ, ಗುಮ್ಮಟ '''गोलमाल''' -- bungling, mismanage, muddle -- ಕಿತಾಪತಿ '''गोला''' -- a ball, globe, cash box -- ಉರ್‌ಟ್‌ಲುಳ್ಳದ್ '''गोलाकार''' -- round, spherical, globular -- ಉರ್‌ಟಾಯಿತ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''गोली''' -- a bullet, pill, metal arm -- ಚಿಲ್ಲ್/ ತೋಟ/ ತರಿಕಲ್ಲ್/ ಉಂಡೆ '''गोशाला''' -- cowshed -- ಕೊಟ್ಟ್, ಅತ್ತಕೊಟ್ಟ್ '''गोष्ठी''' -- seminar, meeting, symposium -- ಗೋಷ್ಠಿ/ ಸಭೆ '''गौण''' -- secondary, subsidiary, under -- ಕ್‌ಳಾಯಿತ್ ಕಾಂಬದ್, ದಂಡನೆ ಸ್ಥಾನತ್‌ರ '''गौर''' -- close considerating, attention, to thinkover -- ಗೌರವತ್ ಕಾಂಬೊ '''गौरव''' -- pride, glory, honour -- ಗೌರವ '''गौरवशाली''' -- glorious, dignified, pride -- ಗೌರವ ಉಳ್ಳವು , ಮರ್ಯಾದಸ್ತ '''ग्यारह''' -- eleven -- ಪನ್ನೊಂದ್ '''ग्रंन्थि''' -- a knot, complex, lump -- ಗ್ರಂಥಿ/ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ '''ग्रस्त''' -- caught, seized, restriction -- ಪುಡ್‌ಚದ್, ಬಲ್‌ಚಂಡದ್ '''ग्रह''' -- planet, astrofamely, stars -- ಗ್ರಹ '''ग्रहण''' -- eclipse, grusping, seizing -- ಗ್ರಾಣ '''ग्राम''' -- village, rural, unsophisticated -- ಗ್ರಾಮ, ಊರ್ '''ग्राहक''' -- a customer, client, puchaser -- ಗ್ರಾಹಕ/ ಎಡ್‌ತವಂವೊ೦ '''घ''' -- fourth consonant of the soft palatal pented of the nagari alphabet -- ಕ ವರ್ಗತ್‌ರ ನಾಲನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''घट''' -- pitcher, heart, a container -- ಕೊಡ/ ಬಿಂದಿಗೆ '''घंट''' -- gong, ring, chime -- ತಳಿಯ, ಜಾಗಟೆ '''घटक''' -- factor, constituent, component -- ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿ, ಸಂಗತಿ, ಘಟಕ '''घटता-बढ़ता''' -- fluctuating, varying, to change or alter -- ಚಂಚಲ, ಹೆಚ್ಚ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಆಪದ್ '''घटती''' -- decline, deficit, decrease -- ಕೊರ್‌ವು/ ಕಮ್ಮಿ, ಕೇದಕ್ ತಾರುವೊ '''घटना''' -- incident, happening, event -- ಘಟನೆ, ಸಂಗತಿ '''घटना स्थल''' -- place of occurrence, site of an accident, place of happening -- ಘಟನೆ ನಡ್ಂದ ಜಾಗ '''घटना-बढ़ना''' -- to rise and fall, to fluctuate, oscillate -- ಏರ ? ಕೊರು, ಏವಲೂಬೂವಲೂ '''घटनाचक्र''' -- cycle of events, cycle of incidents, occurrence -- ಕಾಲಚಕ್ರ, ಒಂದಾಂಡಬಯ್ಯ ಒಂದ್ ಬಪ್ಪದ್ '''घटनात्मक''' -- pertaining to events, resulting, consequent -- ಒಂದ್ ಆನದು ಇಙೂಂದ್ '''घटनापूर्ण''' -- eventful, noteworthy memorable -- ನೆನತಿಯವಂತದ್ '''घंटा''' -- bell, gong, hour -- ಗಂಟೆ '''घटाना''' -- to reduce, diminish, to decrease -- ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಆಪೊ '''घटित''' -- happened, occurred, instance -- ಆನದ್ '''घटिया''' -- of inferior, low quality, mediocre -- ಕೇಳ್‌ತರತ್‌ರ '''घड़ा''' -- a pitcher, pot, a container of earthenware -- ಕುಡಿಕ್ಕೆ/ ಮಣ್ಣ್ ರ ಕುಡಿಕ್ಕೆ '''घड़ियाल''' -- alligator, crocodile, gong -- ಮೊಸಳೆ '''घड़ी''' -- a watch, a moment, a clock -- ವಾಚ್ '''घड़ोला''' -- small pitcher, pot, a container of earthenware -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಚೊಂಬ್, ಮೋಪೆ '''घन''' -- cloud, hammer, cube -- ಮೋಡ '''घन गरज''' -- thunder, a type of cannon, explosive -- ತೆಡ್‌ಲ್‌ಡಿ '''घनघोर''' -- very dense, congested, crammed -- ಭಯಂಕರ, ನೆಗ್ಗ, ತುಮ್‌ಕ್ '''घनचक्कर''' -- stupid fellow, block head, dull fellow -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ '''घनता''' -- density, compactness, slow wittedness -- ಸಾಂದ್ರತೆ, ತುಮ್‌ಕ್ '''घनत्व''' -- density, abstruseness, stupidity -- ಎಡೆಇಲ್ಲತೆನ್ನಕೆ ದುಂಬಿಪೋಪ ಸಾಂದ್ರತೆ '''घनवघ्र्य''' -- malleable, impressionable, mouldable -- ತಟ್ಟಿತ್ ಆಕಾರ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪಕ್ ಕಯ್ಯುವನ್ನತದ್ '''घनश्याम''' -- dark cloud, Lord Krishna, Lord Vishnu -- ಕರ್ತ ಮೋಡ/ ಕೃಷ್ಣದೇವ '''घनित''' -- condensed, reduced volume, shortened -- ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾನದ್ '''घनिष्ठ''' -- very close, intimate, closely personal -- ದುಂಬ ಪಕ್ಕತ್‌ರ '''घपला''' -- bungling, mismanage, muddle -- ಗಡಿಬಿಡಿ, ತಾರಾಮರ '''घमंड़''' -- conceit, self-esteem, complacency -- ಗರ್ವ/ ಅಹಂಕಾರ '''घमंड़ी''' -- pride, proud, conceit -- ಗರ್ವಿಷ್ಠ/ ಅಹಂಕಾರಿ '''घमस''' -- sultriness, oppressive, humid -- ಸೆಕೆ '''घमासान''' -- fierce, untamed, cruel -- ಕ್ರೂರ/ ಭಯಂಕರ, ಯುದ್ಧ '''घर''' -- home, house, residence for human beings -- ಮನೆ '''घर गँवारू''' -- prodigal, profligate, copious -- ದುಂದ್ ವೆಚ್ಚಕಾರ, ಭಾರೀಖರ್ಚಿಗಾರ, ದಂದ್ರಾಳಿ '''घर द्वार''' -- whereabouts of the family, house hold -- ಮನೆರ ವಿಚಾರ '''घर-घाट''' -- whereabouts, belongings -- ಮನೆಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್, ವಿಳಾಸ '''घरगृहस्थ''' -- house holder, a family including its servants -- ಮನೆರ ಯಜಮಾನ '''घरनी''' -- wife, head of the family, a woman joined in marriage to a man -- ಯಜಮಾಂತಿ, ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''घरवाला''' -- husband, member of the family, a married man -- ಯಜಮಾನ , ವಡಿಯ '''घरवाली''' -- wife, the lady of the house, house wife -- ಯಜಮಾಂತಿ/ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''घराऊ''' -- family, parents and their children, any group of persons closely related by blood -- ಮನೆಕಾರ/ ಮನೆಲ್ ವಾಸ ಇಪ್ಪವು '''घराना''' -- a family, dynasty, the rule of such a sequence -- ಒಕ್ಕ/ ವಂಶ/ ಮನೆತನ '''घरिया''' -- crucible, a container of metal or refractionary material employed for heating substance to high temperature, a hollow area at the bottom of a furnace in which the metal collects -- ಕುಲುಮೆ, ಇರ್ಂಬ್‌ರಂತಾನ ಕರಕುವಪಾತ್ರ '''घरेलू''' -- domestic, private, homely -- ಚಾಕ್‌ನದ್ '''घरोदा''' -- toy house, mini house, hut -- ಮಕ್ಕ ಕೆಟ್ಟ ನ ಮನೆ '''घर्राटा''' -- snore, to breathe during sleep with hoarse or harsh sounds caused by the vibrating of the soft palate, sound of snoring -- ಗೂಕೆ '''घर्षण''' -- friction, clash, rubbing -- ಘರ್ಷಣೆ/ ತಿಕ್ಕಾಟ, ಜಗಳ '''घर्षित''' -- heavily, rubbed, with great weight or burden -- ಘರ್ಷಣೆ ಆನದ್ '''घसीट''' -- scribble, illegible, scrawling -- ಉದ್ದುವೊ/ ತಿಕ್ಕುವೊ, ಗೀಚಿತ್‌ಎಳ್‌ದುವೊ '''घसीटना''' -- to drag, to scrawl, to write awkwardly -- ತಿಕ್ಕುವೊ/ ಉದ್ದುವೊ, ಈತ್ ಬಲಿಪೊ '''घहराना''' -- to thunder, clouds, explosive -- ತೆಡ್/ ಮೋಡ '''घाई''' -- gap, to make a gap, opening -- ಒಂದಾಂಜ ಒಂದ್ ದೂರ ಇಪ್ಪದ್, ಎಡೆಬುಡುವೊ '''घाउधप''' -- voracious, grabber, greedy eating -- ಗಬಗಬ ತಿಂಬೊ '''घाघ''' -- cunning, sharp, a shrewd swindler -- ಮೋಸ, ಕೆಣಿಯ '''घाट''' -- bathing place, ghat, river bank -- ಕುಳಿಪ್ಪ ಜಾಗ '''घाट शुल्क''' -- ferry, conveyance or transportation by a ferry boat, boat charges -- ದೋಣಿಲ್ ಕಡಪಕ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪಪಣ '''घाटा''' -- deficit, deprivation -- ಕೊರತೆ '''घाटी''' -- valley, mountain pass, any depression or hollow resembling a valley -- ಒಬ್ಬೇ ವಬ್ಬೆ '''घात''' -- ambush, slaughter, blow -- ಪೊಯ್ತ್ '''घातक''' -- murderer, fatal, pernicious -- ಕೊಲೆಗಾರ/ ದುಷ್ಟ '''घातक''' -- destroyer, killer, a person or thing that kills -- ಪಾಳ್ ಮಾಡುವಂವೊ, ನಾಶ ಮಾಡುವಂವೊ '''घाती''' -- killer, assassin, deceitful -- ಕೊಲೆಗಾರ/ ಕೊಲೆಗಾರ್ತಿ '''घान''' -- ground or cooked or fried in lot,lot -- ಕಡಂದ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚದ್, ಗುಡ್ಡೆ ಗುಡ್ಡೆ ಅಡಿಗೆ ಮಾಡಿಬೆಟ್ಟದ್ '''घाम''' -- sunshine, sunlight, the light of the sun -- ಬೊದ್‌ಬೊಳಿ/ ಸೂರ್ಯಂಡ ಬೊಳಿ '''घामड़''' -- block head, idiot, fool -- ಜಡ್ಡ, ಬೊದ್‌ಲ್ ಸುಸ್ತ್ ಆನದ್ '''घायल''' -- wounded, injured, something insignificant -- ಗಾಯ ಆಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''घाल-मेल''' -- jumble, illicit relationship, hotch-potch -- ತಾರಾಮರ ಪೋಪ, ಅಕ್ರಮ ಸಂಮ್ಮಂಧ, ಕಲಬೆರಕೆ '''घाव''' -- wound, injury, trauma -- ಗಾಯ '''घास''' -- grass, any plant of gramineae, having joint stems -- ಪಿಲ್ಲ್ '''घासफूस''' -- rubbish, drivel -- ಗಲೀಜ್/ ಗೊಜ್ಜೆ '''घासलेट''' -- kerosene oil, trash, hogwash -- ಸೀಮೆಣ್ಣೆ '''घासलेटी''' -- inferior, cheap, nonsense -- ಕ್ ಳ್ '''घिनोना''' -- odious, abominable -- ಕ್ಳ್ ತರತ್‌ರ ಪಣಿ '''घियाकश''' -- grater -- ಕುಂಬಳತ್‌ನ ತೊರಂಡುವದ್, ಪಲಿಯಕತ್ತಿ '''घिरनी''' -- pulley, a wheel drive, a combination of such wheels in a block, a wheel driven by or driving a belt or the like, used to deliver the force to a machine, another belt etc. -- ರಾಟೆ '''घिसघिस''' -- dilatoriness, drudgery -- ನೇರಕಯಿಪ, ಗುಲಾಮಗಿರಿ '''घिसन''' -- wear and tear, friction, discord -- ತಿಕ್ಕುವೊ/ ಉದ್ದುವೊ, ತೇಮಾನ '''घिसना''' -- to rub, to wear out, to remove by pressure and friction -- ಉದ್ದುವೊ ತಿಕ್ಕುವೊ '''घिसपिस''' -- close contact, intimacy, closeness -- ಆತ್ಮೀಯತೆ '''घिस्सा''' -- friction, abrasion, push -- ಘರ್ಷಣೆ '''घी''' -- ghee, clarified butter, a kind of liquid butter -- ನೆಯ್ಯಿ '''घुग्धू''' -- owl, stupid fellow, fool -- ಮುಠಾಳ/ ಬುದ್ದಿ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ , ಗೂಮ '''घुटना''' -- to be suffocated, to be uncomfortable due to lack of fresh air, to overcome or extinguish -- ಉಸ್‌ರ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟುವೊ '''घुड़की''' -- reprimand, admonition, council -- ಬೊತ್ತ್ ಚಿಚಿರುವೊ, ಅಡಕುವೊ '''घुडसाल''' -- stable -- ಕುದ್‌ರೆ ಲಾಯ '''घुन''' -- weevil, canker, blight, wood-worm -- ಮರಪುಳು '''घुमक्कड़''' -- fond of in the habit of wandering about, roving, wandering, roaming -- ತಿರಿಕಳಿಪ್ಪೊ, ಸುತ್ತಿಯಂಡೇ ಇಪ್ಪ '''घुमटा''' -- giddiness, vertigo, lightheaded -- ಮಂಡೆ ತಿರುವೊ '''घुमाना''' -- to cause to revolve, to turn round -- ಸುತ್ತಿ ಕಳಿಪ್ಪೊ '''घुमावदार''' -- winding, a person or thing that winds, a staircase step for changing direction -- ತಿರಿ ಕಳಿಪ್ಪೊ '''घुलना''' -- to get dissolved, adjourn, loosen -- ಮಿಶ್ರ ಆಪೊ, ಮೇಂಗಿಪೋಪೊ '''घुसना''' -- to enter, to break into, to thrust into -- ನುಗ್ಗುವೊ/ ಕೂಡುವೊ '''घुसपैठ''' -- infiltration, the act or process of infiltration -- ಒಳ ನುಗ್ಗೊ,ಅರಿಪ್ಪ ಪಣಿ '''घुसवाना''' -- to allow something to enter, penetrate, discern -- ಒಳಕ್ ನುಗ್ಗೊಕ್ ಬುಡು ವೊ '''घूँघट''' -- face-veil, to become a nun, something that covers the face -- ಮುಸ್‌ಕ್ '''घूमना''' -- to take a walk, roaming, wondering -- ನಡ್‌ಪೊ/ ತಿರ್‌ಗಾಡುವೊ '''घूस''' -- bribe, to influence or corrupt by bribe, anything given or serving to persuade or induce -- ಲಂಚ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''घूँसा''' -- blow from fist, buffet, knock -- ಗುದ್ದುವೊ, ಇಡಿಪೊ '''घृणा''' -- hatred, scorn, abhorrence -- ಪಗೆ '''घृणास्पद''' -- hateful, abominable, despicable -- ಪಗೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''घेर''' -- enclosure, something that encloses an act or instance of enclosing -- ಬೇಲಿ, ಕಕ್ಕಟ್ಟ್ '''घेरा''' -- siege, fence, ambit -- ಮುತ್ತಿಯವೊ, ತೆರಿ '''घोटना''' -- to shave, to strangle, garrote -- ಕೆರ್‌ಪದ್ '''घोटाला''' -- bungling, misappropriate, to put to a wrong use -- ಮೋಸ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ತಪ್ಪು ಮಾಡುವೊ '''घोड़ा''' -- horse, a fully mature male animal of this type, stallion -- ಕುದ್‌ರೆ '''घोंपना''' -- to pierce, penetrate, to make a hole -- ಕುತ್ತುವೊ '''घोर''' -- terrible, dreadful, frightful -- ಭಯಂಕರ '''घोल''' -- solution, resolution, key -- ಪರಿಹಾರ '''घोलना''' -- to dissolve, adjourn, loosen -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ತೆರ್‌ಕುವೊ, ನೀರ್‌ಲ್ ಕಲಕುವೊ '''घोष''' -- voiced, sound, slogan -- ಘೋಷಣೆ '''घोषणा''' -- declaration, announcement, bulletin -- ಘೋಷಣೆ ಕೂಗುವೊ, ಡಂಗುರ ಪೊಯ್ಯುವೊ '''घोंसला''' -- nest, make a rest, resting place -- ಗೂಡ್ '''ङ''' -- the fifth and final consonant and the ultimate member of the first pentad -- ವ್ಯಂಜನ ಚವರ್ಗತ್‌ರ ಅಂಜನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''च''' -- sixth consonant and first of the alveo-palatal penated of the nagari alphabet -- ವ್ಯಂಜನತ್ ಲ್ ಚ ವರ್ಗತ್ ರ ಸುರು ಅಕ್ಷರ '''चक''' -- ample, abundant, plentiful -- ಬೋಂಡಿಯಾನಚ್ಚಕ್ '''चकती''' -- patch, fix, restore -- ಅಡೆ/ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''चकत्ता''' -- rash, blotch, hasty -- ಪಲ್ಲ್ ಲ್ ಕಡ್ ಚ ಗಾಯ '''चकनाचूर''' -- shattered, to pieces, broken into fragments, splinter -- ಪೊಡಿ ಪೊಡಿ '''चकफेरी''' -- circuitous, revolution, rotation -- ಸುತ್ತ್ ಬಪ್ಪೊ/ ಪ್ರದಕ್ಷಿಣೆ '''चकमक''' -- flint, something very hard, a hard stone -- ಬೊಂಗೆ ಕಲ್ಲ್ '''चकमा''' -- trickery, trick, stunt -- ಕೆಣಿ/ ಮೋಸ '''चकरमकर''' -- deceitful talk, insincere, illusory -- ಮೋಸ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಚದಿರತಕ್ಕ್ '''चकराना''' -- to feel giddy, unstable, fickle -- ಮಂಡೆ ತಿರುವೊ '''चकला''' -- a brothel, house of prostitutes -- ಚೂಳೆ ಮನೆ '''चकल्लास''' -- mess, dirty -- ಗೊಜ್ಜೆ/ ಗಲೀಜ್ '''चकाचक''' -- fully satisfied, exuberant, plentiful -- ತೇರಾ, ದುಂಬಾ '''चकाचौध''' -- dazzle, brilliance, dazzling light -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕುಕ್ಕುವೊ '''चकित''' -- amazed, surprised, astounded -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯಕೊತ್ತದ್ '''चक्कर''' -- circle, ring, whirl, spin -- ಸುತ್ತು, ತಿರುವೋ '''चक्का''' -- a wheel, sphere, chunk -- ಚಕ್ರ '''चक्की''' -- a quern, mill, grinding mill -- ಮಿಲ್ಲ್, ಬೀಜುವಕಲ್ಲ್ '''चक्र''' -- a wheel, cycle, revolve -- ಚಕ್ರ '''चक्रक्रम''' -- cyclic order, revolving, recurring in cycles -- ಸುತ್ತುವ ಕ್ರಮ, ತಿರುವದ್ '''चक्रगति''' -- cyclic, circular motion -- ಸುತ್ತುವ ರೀತಿ '''चक्षु''' -- an eye, blind, unable to see -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ '''चक्षुगोचर''' -- perceptible, visible, vident -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕ್ ಕಾಂಬನ್ನತದ್ '''चखचख''' -- noisy exchange of words, discordant discussion, harsh talk -- ಜಗಳ '''चखना''' -- to taste, to try, to relish -- ಚೋದ್ ನೋಟುವೊ '''चंग''' -- small timbre, big kite, to pug up -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ ಸ್ವರ ಬಪ್ಪ ಸಂಗೀತ ಉಪಕರಣ, ಗಾಳಿಪದ '''चंग''' -- bent or croocked, a musical instrument -- ಡೊಂಕಾನ, ಬಲ್ಯಗಾಳಿಪದ, ಓರ್ ಸಂಗೀತ ಉಪಕರಣ '''चंगा''' -- healed, recovered, healthy -- ವಾಸಿ ಆನದ್ '''चंगुल''' -- claw, clutch, talon -- ಪುಡ್‌ತ '''चघड़''' -- cunning, artfulness deception -- ಚದಿರ, ಕೆಣಿರ '''चंचरीक''' -- a buzzing bee, roaming honey bee -- ತೇನ್ ಪುಳು, ತೇನೊಲಂಜಿ '''चंचल''' -- unsteady, transient, fickle, shaking, restless -- ಚಂಚಲ/ ಸ್ಥಿರ, ಮನಸ್ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''चंचलता''' -- instability, unsteadiness, fickle-ness -- ಸ್ಥಿರ ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''चंचु''' -- beak, bill, nest -- ಕೊಕ್ಕ್ '''चंचु-प्रवेश''' -- slight knowledge, smattering -- ಅರೆ ಬರೆ ಪಡಿಪ್ಪು '''चचेरा''' -- paternal uncle -- ಕುಂಞಪ್ಪ, ಬೋಜಪ್ಪ, ಬಲ್ಯಪ್ಪ '''चट''' -- hurriedly, quickly, instantly -- ಬೆರಿಯ ಬೆರಿಯ '''चंट''' -- cunning, clever, wily -- ಚಾಲಾಕ್, ಕೆಣಿಯ '''चंटई''' -- cunning, cunningness, knavery -- ಚಾಲಾಕ್ ಉಳ್ಳಂವೊ, ಕೆಣಿ '''चटकदार''' -- gaudy, bright, lucent -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕ್ ಕುತ್ತುವನ್ನತ ರಂಗ್ '''चटकना''' -- to snap, to crack, to open -- ತೊರ್‌ಪೊ, ಪೊಳಿಪೊ '''चटकनी''' -- bolt, latch, a device for holding a door -- ತಾಳ/ ಚಿಲ್‌ಕ '''चटका''' -- slap, see, addicted -- ಪುರ್‌ಡ್ '''चटपट''' -- in no time, very quickly, rapidly -- ಅಕ್ಕೆನ್ನೆ/ ಒಡನೆ, ಬೆರಿಯ '''चटपटा''' -- pungent, delicious, spicy -- ಚೋದ್‌ತೀನಿ, ಖಾರತ್ ರ ತೀನಿ '''चटपटी''' -- hurry, undue haste, bustle -- ಚುರ್‌ಕ್, ಅಲ್ಂಬಲ್ '''चटाई''' -- a mat, straw, hemp -- ಪಲ್ಂಬು '''चटाना''' -- to cause, to lick, to bribe, to sharpen a tool -- ಮೊನೆ ಮಾಡುವನ್ನತದ್, ಕಾರಣ ಆಪದ್ '''चटियल''' -- perenniaially barren, uprolific, waste -- ಉಪಯೋಗಕ್ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಎಕ್ಕೋಲು ಒಣಂಗಿತೇಇಪ್ಪದ್ '''चट्टा''' -- disciple, barren plot of land, scar on the skin -- ಪಡ್ ಭೂಮಿ, ಶಿಷ್ಯ '''चंड''' -- furious, violent, powerful -- ಉಗ್ರ '''चंडता''' -- furiousness, fierceness, intensely violent -- ಉಗ್ರತ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''चंडावात''' -- strong gale, typhoon, a tropical cyclone -- ಬಿರ್‌ಗಾಳಿ '''चड्डी''' -- underwear, lower garment, underclothing -- ಚಡ್ಡಿ '''चढ़ता''' -- rising, blossoming, budding -- ಉದಿಪ್ಪೊ, ಬೀರುವೊ '''चढ़ना''' -- to go up, to climb, to ascend -- ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ಪತ್ತುವದ್ '''चढ़ाई''' -- ascent, invasion, rising movement -- ಪತ್ತುವದ್ '''चढ़ाउतरी''' -- repeated ascents and decents, fluctuation, undulation -- ಪತ್ತುವೊ - ಇಳಿವೊ '''चढ़ाउपरि''' -- spirit of emulation, competition, struggle -- ಪೈಪೋಟಿ '''चढ़ाना''' -- to mount, to cause, to go up -- ಪತ್ತುವೊ '''चढ़ाव''' -- ascend, rise, go up -- ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ಪೋಪ/ ಮೋಳ್ ಕೇರುವ, ಪತ್ತಿಯಂಡ್ ಪೋಪೊ '''चतुर''' -- clever, talented, expert -- ಉಷಾರ್, ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ '''चतुरवा''' -- cleverness, shewdness, wisdom -- ಚುರುಕ್ ಬುದ್ಧಿ/ ಬುದ್ಧಿಕಾರ '''चतुर्थ''' -- fourth, being one of four equal parts, a fourth part -- ನಾಲನೇ, ನಾಲನೇ ಭಾಗ, ಕಾಲು ಭಾಗ '''चतुर्भुजा''' -- quadrilateral, having four sides, something of this form -- ನಾಲ್ ನಾಲ್ ಬರಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''चतुर्मुख''' -- having four faces, four headed appearance, combination of four faces -- ನಾಲ್ ಮೂಡ್‌ಕಾರ '''चतुसीमा''' -- boundary, border, limits -- ಗೆರೆ, ತೆರಿ '''चंद''' -- some, a few, short lived -- ಚೆನ್ನ '''चंद''' -- moon, lunar month, moonlight -- ಚಂದ್ರ/ ಚಣ್ಣೂರ '''चंदन''' -- sandal wood, the fragrant harat wood of any of certain asian trees of the genius santalum, pterocarpus santalinus of the legume family, or its heavy dark red wood -- ಚಾಂದ್ ಮರ '''चंदरोजा''' -- short lived, transient, transitory -- ಆಯುಷ್ಯ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''चँदला''' -- bald headed, bare head, bare faced -- ಚಾಣೆ ಮಂಡೆಕಾರ '''चंदा''' -- the moon, contribution, donation -- ಚಂದ್ರ/ ಚಂದ ಪಣ '''चँदोवा''' -- small canopy, an ornamental roof like projection or covering -- ಕಯ್ಯಾಲೆ, ಪೂಮೊಗ '''चना''' -- gram, pulses, food grain -- ಕಾಳ್, ಕುರು '''चन्द्रकला''' -- crescent, changing list of lunar movements, moon -- ಬುಟ್ಟಿ ನೆಲ್ಚಿ/ ಪೂನೆಲ್ಚಿ '''चन्द्रग्रहण''' -- lunar eclipse, any obscuration of light -- ಚಂದ್ರ ಗ್ರಾಣ '''चन्द्रमुखी''' -- beautiful, charming face, a face as beautiful as the moon -- ಚಾಯಿ/ ದುಂಬಾ ಚಾಯಿ '''चन्द्रोदय''' -- moon rise, canopy, a very important medicine -- ಚಂದ್ರ ಉದಿಪ '''चंपई''' -- yellow, timorous, craven -- ಮಂಜ ರಂಗ್ ರ '''चपड़-चपड़''' -- prattle, tapping sound, gobble -- ಪಟ ಪಟ/ ತಟ್ಟ್ ವಸದ್ದ್ '''चपत''' -- slap, to give a blow, sustain a loss -- ಪೊಯ್ಯುವೊ '''चंपत''' -- vanished, disappeared, absconded -- ಕಣ್ಮರೆ ಆನ/ ಕಾಂಗತೆ ಆನ/ ಮಾಯ ಆನ '''चपरगट्टू''' -- counterfeit, anything inferior -- ಮೋಸತ್‌ರ, ಕೃತಕ '''चपरासी''' -- a peon, a messenger, attendant -- ಕುಳುವಾಡಿ, ಪಿವುನ್ '''चपल''' -- unsteady, agile, unstable -- ಬದ್ರತೆಯಿಲ್ಲತ, ಚಂಚಲ ಬುದ್ದಿರ '''चंपी''' -- massage, shampoo, fragrant oil -- ನೀಂಬುವೊ, ಗಮನ ಎಣ್ಣೆ '''चपेटना''' -- to entangle, embroil, to press from all sides -- ಕ್‌ಣಂಜವ '''चप्पू''' -- an oar, a row, something resembling this or having a similar purpose -- ದೋಣಿಕೂಟುವೊ ಚಟ್ಟುವ, ದೋಣಿಲ್ ಪೋಪೊ ಸಾಲ್ '''चंबल''' -- a river of central India, a kind of skin disease, eczema -- ಚಂಬಲ್ ಪೊಳೆ, ಒರ್ ತರತ್ ರ ತೋಲ್ ಕಾಯಿಲ '''चबाना''' -- to chew, to munch, to masticate -- ಚೈಂಪೊ '''चबेनी''' -- refreshment, renewal, rejuvenation -- ಚೈತನ್ಯ ದುಂಬುವೊ, ಪಲಾರ '''चमक''' -- flash, glare, gleam -- ಮಿನ್ನುವೊ '''चमकदमक''' -- glamour, pomp and show, magic or enchantment -- ಬಡಾಯಿ, ಮರಳ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''चमकदार''' -- shining, radiant, lustrous -- ಮಿನ್ನಿಯಂಡುಳ್ಳದ್ '''चमकना''' -- to shine, shimmer, glimmer -- ಮಿನ್ನುವ '''चमचम''' -- glittering, shining, gleaming -- ಮಿನ್ನಿಯಂಡುಳ್ಳದ್ '''चमड़ी''' -- skin, fur, husk -- ತೋಲ್ '''चमत्कार''' -- a marvel, miracle, wonder -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ, ಬೆರಗಾಪ ಸಂಗತಿ '''चमत्कारी''' -- miraculous, wonderful, astonishing -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯಕರ, ಬೆರಗಾಪನ್ನತದ್ '''चमन''' -- flower garden, orchid, garden variety of flowers -- ಪೂ ತೋಟ '''चमर''' -- yak, long, soft -- ಚಮರಿ ಮೃಗ, ಚೌರಿ '''चमेली''' -- jasmine flower, fragrant flower, a pale yellow coloured flower -- ಮಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ಪೂ '''चयन''' -- act of culling or selection, cull, selection -- ಆಂಜೆಡ್ ಪ '''चर''' -- scout, spy, emissary -- ಗೂಢಾಚಾರಿ '''चरका''' -- fraud, swindle, cheating -- ಮೋಸ, ಅನ್ಯಾಯ '''चरण''' -- foot, touching of the feet, blessing -- ಕಾಲ್/ ಕಾಲ್ ಪುಡಿಪ '''चरणचिन्ह''' -- foot print, mark of the foot, identification -- ಮೊಟ್ ರ ಗುರ್‌ತ್ '''चरणदासी''' -- subservient wife, foot wear -- ಸೇವೆ ಮಾಡುವವ '''चरबी''' -- fat, tallow -- ಚರ್ಬಿ, ನೈಮಾಲೆ '''चरम''' -- ultimate, last, final -- ಆಖೀರಿ '''चरमपंथ''' -- extremism, leftist, revolutionary -- ಕ್ರಾಂತಿಕಾರ '''चरमावस्था''' -- ultimate stage, final point, uttermost -- ಆಖೀರಿ ಮೊಟ್ಟ್ '''चरवाहा''' -- grazier, shepherd, protector -- ಎತ್ತಕಾರ/ ಎತ್ತ ನೋಟುವಂವೊ '''चराई''' -- grazing, a pasture -- ಎತ್ತ್ ಮೇಪ '''चरागाह''' -- pasture, for feeding live stock, to graze upon -- ಪಿಲ್ಲ್ ಬಾಣೆ '''चराचर''' -- universe, the entire creation, movable and immovable -- ಪ್ರಪಂಚ, ಜೀವಜಂತುವ ಪಿಂಞ ಜೀವ ಇಲ್ಲತ ವಸ್ತುವ '''चरित''' -- biography, a written account of another person's life, such writing collectively -- ಆತ್ಮಕತೆ/ ಇಂಞೊಬ್ಬಂಡ ಆತ್ಮಕತೆ '''चरित-नायक''' -- hero, fiction, main character in a play -- ಮುಖ್ರಿ, ನಾಯಕನಟ '''चरितार्थ''' -- validated, to give practical shape, prove -- ಅಧಿಕೃತವಾಯಿತ್ ಒತ್ತವ '''चरित्र''' -- character, conduct, demeanor -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ/ ನಡತೆ, ಗುಣ '''चरित्रवान''' -- good conduct, good character, good manner -- ನಲ್ಲ ಬುದ್ಧಿ/ ನಲ್ಲ ನಡತೆ '''चरित्रहीन''' -- characterless, mannerless, misbehaviour -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಬುದ್ಧಿಕಾರ, ನಲ್ಲಗುಣ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ '''चरित्रांकन''' -- depiction of character, to represent or characterize in words, describing character -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಕಾಟುವ, ಗುಣಕಾಟುವೊ '''चर्चा''' -- mention, discussion, talk -- ತಕ್ಕ್, ಚರ್ಚೆ '''चर्वण''' -- chewing, masticating, usually made of chicle -- ಚೈಂಪೊ '''चल''' -- moving, mobile, touching -- ಪೋಕ, ಪೋಪೊ '''चल चित्त''' -- fickle minded, unsteady, capricious -- ಮನಸ್ ಸ್ತಿಮಿತ ಇಲ್ಲತವು '''चल-विचल''' -- unsteady, fickle, inconstant -- ಮನಸ್‌ಸ್ತಿಮಿತತ್ ಇಲ್ಲತವು '''चलत''' -- usage, tradition, habit -- ಬಳಕೆ, ಆಚಾರ, ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ '''चलता''' -- mobility, the quality of being mobile, migration -- ನಡಂದಂಡುಳ್ಳದ್, ಚಲನೆ '''चलता-पुरजा''' -- cunning, sharpness, wiliness -- ಚದಿ, ಕಣಿ '''चलसंपत्ति''' -- movable property, capable of being moved -- ಚರಾಸ್ತಿ '''चलान''' -- consignment, challan, payment voucher -- ಚಲನ್ '''चलावा''' -- custom, tradition, communal habit -- ಪದ್ಧತಿ, ನಡಪು '''चलित''' -- current, usual, passing in time -- ಇಕ್ಕತ್‌ರ '''चवन्नी''' -- a twentyfive paise coin -- ಇರುವತ್ತಂಜಿ ಪೈಸೆ '''चवन्नी''' -- a twentyfive paise -- ಇರ್‌ವತಂಜಿ ಪೈಸೆ '''चवालीस''' -- forty four, amounting to 44 in number -- ನಾಪತ್ತನಾಲ್ '''चश्मा''' -- spectacles, sight, show -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಕನ್ನಡಿ '''चसका''' -- addiction, adherent, bad habit, relish -- ವ್ಯಸನಿ, ಚಟ '''चस्फाँ''' -- affixed, stuck, attached -- ಅಂಟಿಚಿಡುವೊ, ಪತ್ತ್ ಚಿಟ್ಟದ್ '''चहकना''' -- to chirp, talkative, inclined to talk a great deal -- ಚಿಲಿಪಿಲಿ, ಪರಪರ ಪರಂದಂಡಿಪ್ಪ '''चहल पहल''' -- hustle and bustle -- ಗಡಿಬಿಡಿ, ಸಂತೋಷ '''चहारीदीवारी''' -- the four walls, boundary, limits, border -- ನಾಲ್‌ಗೋಡೆ, ಸುತ್ತೋಡ್ ಕಕ್ಕಟ್ಟ್ '''चहेता''' -- lovely, pet, loved -- ಚಾಯಿ, ಕುಸಿರ, ಪ್ರೀತಿರ '''चाक-चौबंद''' -- smart, alert, secrecy -- ಚುರ್‌ಕ್/ ಉಷಾರ್ '''चाकरी''' -- service, job, social activity -- ಚಾಕ್ ರಿ '''चाकू''' -- a knife, a knife like weapon, any blade or cutting -- ಚಾಕ್ '''चाक्षुष''' -- visual, optical, sight -- ದೃಷ್ಟಿ, ಕಾಂಬಂತದ್ '''चाखना''' -- to taste, flavour, savour -- ರಸ ಚೋದ್, ಚೋದ್ ನೋಟುವೊ '''चाचा''' -- uncle -- ಕುಂಞಪ್ಪ '''चाँचिया''' -- a criminal, swindler, robber -- ಕಳ್ಳ, ಸಮುದ್ರಕಳ್ಳಂಗಡ ಹಡಗ್ '''चाची''' -- aunt -- ಕುಂಞವ್ವ '''चाट''' -- a spicy preparation of cut fruits -- ಪಣ್ಣ್ ರಸ '''चाटना''' -- to lick, to consume the whole thing -- ನಕ್ಕುವೊ '''चाँटा''' -- a slap, thump, cuff -- ಪೊಯಿತ್ '''चातुरी''' -- cleverness, wiseness -- ಚೂಟಿ ಉಳ್ಳ, ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತಿಗೆ '''चातुर्मास''' -- rainy season -- ಮಳೆಗಾಲ '''चादर''' -- blanket, cover, overlay -- ಕಂಬಳಿ, ಪೊದಪ್ '''चाप''' -- pressure, a blow -- ವತ್ತಡ '''चापलूस''' -- flattering, adulation, to represent favourably -- ಸಿಪಾರಸ್, ಹೊಗಳುವೊ '''चाबी''' -- a key, answer, explanation -- ಬೀಗತ್ ಕೈ '''चाय''' -- tea -- ಟೀ, ಚಾಯ '''चार''' -- four, a few, amounting to four in number -- ನಾಲ್, ಚೆನ್ನ '''चार सौ बीस''' -- fraud, hoax, wile -- ಮೋಸ '''चारपाई''' -- a bedstead, bed, cot -- ಕಡಿಕೆ - ಕಟ್ಟ್ '''चारा''' -- fodder, bait, lure -- ಮೇಚಿ, ಅತ್ತಡ ಮೇಚಿ '''चारित्र्य''' -- character, conduct, demeanor -- ನಡತೆ - ಚಾಲ್, ಗುಣ '''चाल''' -- manner of going, walking, gait, speed, trick -- ನಡಪೊ, ನಡತೆ '''चाल''' -- beautiful, comely, attractive -- ಚಾಯಿ, ಬೋಜ '''चाल-चलन''' -- conduct, character -- ಗುಣ ನಡತೆ '''चालक''' -- driver, conductor, a person or thing that drives -- ಚಾಲಕ/ ಡ್ರೈವರ್ '''चाला''' -- departure, leaving, going -- ಬುಟ್ಟಿತ್ ಪೋಪೊ '''चालाक''' -- cunning, clever, shrewdness -- ಕುತಂತ್ರಿ, ಕೆಣಿಯ '''चाली''' -- tricky, intrigue, slyness -- ಕೆಣಿ, ಕೆಣಿಯ, ಉಪಾಯಗಾರ '''चालीस''' -- forty, amounting to 40 in number, ten times four -- ನಾಪದ್ '''चालू''' -- current, running, prevalent -- ಚಾಲ್ತಿ, ಇಕ್ಕತ್ ರ '''चाव''' -- ardour, zeal, gusto -- ಆತುರ, ಚೋದುಳ್ಳ '''चावड़ी''' -- camp, encampment, lodge somewhere temporarily -- ಶಿಬಿರ '''चावल''' -- rice, starchy seeds, food grains -- ಅಕ್ಕಿ '''चाह''' -- liking, love, desire -- ಆಶೆ, ಇಚ್ಚೆ '''चाहना''' -- desire, wish, to want -- ಆಸೆ '''चाहे''' -- either-or, or...or -- ಇದ್, ಅದ್, ಇಚ್ಚೆಇರಡ್ ಇಲ್ಲತಿರಡ್ '''चिकना''' -- smooth, glossy, oily -- ಮಿನ್‌ಙನೆ '''चिकनाई''' -- lubricant, greasy, oilness -- ಜಾರಾಟ, ನೆಯಿಂಙನೆ ಯಂತ್ರಕ್ ಇಡುವ ಎಣ್ಣೆ '''चिकनी मिट्टी''' -- marvelous soil, slippery ground, lubricate soil -- ಜಾರುವ ನೆಲ '''चिकित्सक''' -- a physician, doctor, medical officer -- ವೈದ್ಯ '''चिकित्सा''' -- treatment, diagnosis, healing, medical treatment -- ಉಪ್‌ಚಾರ, ಆರೇಕಿ '''चिकित्सालय''' -- hospital -- ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆ '''चिकित्सावकाश''' -- medical leave -- ವೈದ್ಯಕೀಯ ರಜ '''चिकित्स्य''' -- curable, capable for cure than disease, capable for diagnosis than patient -- ವಾಸಿ ಆಪಂತದ್, ಗುಣಆಪದ್ '''चिकीर्षा''' -- wish, desire, want -- ಆಶೆ '''चिकोर्षक''' -- wishful, desirous, showing wish -- ಆಶೆ ಪಡುವಂತದ್ '''चिंगड़ा''' -- prawn, sea food, a variety of fish -- ಚೆಮ್ಮಿನ್, ಇಟ್ಟಿ ಮೀನ್ '''चिटकना''' -- to creak, to fret -- ಕಿರಿಕಿರಿ ಸದ್ದ್ '''चिट्टा''' -- white, fair complexioned -- ಬೊಳ್‌ತ, ಬೊಳ್‌ತಿತೆ '''चिठ्ठा''' -- account book, accounts, ledger sheet -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''चिठ्ठी''' -- a letter -- ಕಾಗದ - ಓಲೆ '''चिड़िया''' -- a bird -- ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''चिढ़ना''' -- to be irritated, to feel provoked, to have aversion to -- ಕಿರಿಕಿರಿ ಆಪ '''चित''' -- supine, inactive, having the palm upward -- ಮೈಂದ, ಮನಸ್ '''चिंतक''' -- thinker, meditator, contemplator -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವಂವೊ '''चितकबरा''' -- piebald, spotted, blemished -- ಬೊಟ್ಟುಳ್ಳದ್, ತರತರ ರಂಗ್ ರ '''चितवन''' -- look, glance, glisten -- ನೋಟ, ನೋಟುವೋ '''चिता''' -- funeral pyre, heap of wood, combus-tible material -- ಚಾವುತಿತ್ತ್, ಚಾವು ಚುಡುವ ತಿತ್ತ್ '''चितापुर''' -- much worried, anxiety, agony -- ದುಂಬಾ ದುಃಖ '''चित्त''' -- heart, mind, intellect -- ಮನಸ್ '''चित्तनिवृत्ति''' -- state of desire, aspiration, solicit -- ಅಭಿಲಾಷೆ '''चित्तविक्षेप''' -- unsteadiness, fickleness of mind, unstable -- ಅಸ್ತಿರ ಮನಸ್ಸ್ '''चित्तशुद्ध''' -- purification of mind, free from guilt, decent heart -- ತೆಳ್ಂಗ್ ನ ಮನಸ್ '''चित्ताकर्षक''' -- attractive, delight, providing pleasure -- ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ '''चित्र''' -- picture, draw, delineate -- ಚಿತ್ರ - ರೂಪ '''चित्र संग्रह''' -- album, huge collection of photos, a set of photographs -- ಭಾವಚಿತ್ರ, ಬೆಪ್ಪ ಪುಸ್ತಕ, ಆಲ್ಬಂ '''चित्रकला''' -- art of painting, handicrafts, design execution -- ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆ, ಬುಡ್‌ತುವ ಕಲೆ '''चित्रकार''' -- painter, an artist, picture maker -- ರೂಪ್ ಬುಡ್‌ತ್‌ವಂವೊ / ಕಲೆಗಾರ '''चित्रपट''' -- screen, mark, veil -- ಪರದೆ '''चित्रमय''' -- pictorial, vivid, telling -- ರೂಪಮಯ '''चित्रलेख''' -- screenplay, a motion picture, television scenario -- ಚಿತ್ರಕಥೆ, ಚಿತ್ರತ್ ಲ್ ಕಾಟುವದ್ '''चित्रविचित्र''' -- variegated, motley -- ತರಾವರಿ '''चिदाकाश''' -- ultimate reality, fact, truth -- ಸತ್ಯವಾನದ '''चिद्विलास''' -- supreme illusion, fantasy, aberration -- ಭ್ರಮೆ '''चिन''' -- evergreen, a kind of grass -- ಎಕ್ಕೊಲು ಪಚ್ಚೆ ಇಪ್ಪದ್ '''चिनक''' -- smarting pain, torment, ache -- ನೊಂಬಲ, ಕಷ್ಟ '''चिनगारी''' -- a spark, flicker, jot -- ಚೆಡಿ, ತಿತ್ತ್ ಚೆಡಿ '''चिन्तनीय''' -- serious, grave, soder -- ದುಂಬಾ ಗೇನ ಮಾಡಂಡಿಯದ್ '''चिन्ता''' -- worry, concern, anxiety -- ಚಿಂತೆ, ಬೇಜಾರ '''चिन्तागमन''' -- pensive, meditative, dreamily -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''चिन्तामुक्त''' -- free from worry, comfort, remedy -- ಚಿಂತೆ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''चिन्तारहित''' -- carefree, joyous, cheerful -- ಕುಶೀಲ್, ಸಂತೋಷತ್ '''चिन्मय''' -- conscious, supreme, pure -- ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆಲ್, ಅರ್ಂಜಿತುಳ್ಳ '''चिन्ह''' -- symbol, mark, trail -- ಗುರ್‌ತ್ '''चिपकना''' -- to paste, to stick, to cover with something applied by means of paste -- ಪತ್ತ್‌ಚಿಡುವ, ಅಂಟ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ '''चिपकाना''' -- to paste, stick, transfix -- ಪತ್ತ್‌ಚಿಡ್ '''चिप्पड़''' -- patch, restore, retouch -- ಅಡೆ, ಅಡೆಬೆಪ್ಪ (ಕ್ರಿ) '''चिमटना''' -- to cling, to hold fast, grab -- ತಬ್ಬಿ ಪುಡಿ '''चिमटी''' -- forceps, tweezers, small pincers -- ಇಕ್ಕಳ '''चिमनी''' -- chimney, glasstube, funnel of a locomotive -- ಪೊಗೆ ಕಣ್ಣ '''चिर''' -- forever, lasting, strong -- ಗಟ್ಟಿಮುಟ್ಟಾನದ್, ಎಕ್ಕೋಲು ಇಪ್ಪಂತ '''चिरकालिक''' -- abiding, lasting, eternal -- ದುಂಬ ಕಾಲ, ಸಾಸ್ವೀತವಾನ '''चिरंजीवी''' -- long living, living for ever -- ದೀರ್ಘಾಯುಷ್ಯ, ಚಾವುಇಲ್ಲತ '''चिरंतन''' -- lasting, perpetual, durable -- ಬಾಳಿಕೆ, ಸಾಸ್ವೀತವಾನ '''चिरना''' -- to be torn, to be split, to be sawed -- ಕಿ ತುವ ಕುಳ್ಳ '''चिरनिद्रा''' -- eternal sleep, death -- ಚಾವು, ಮರಣ '''चिरपरिचित''' -- known, admitted, known fact, recognized -- ಗೊತ್ತುಳ್ಳ, ಅರ್ಂಜಿ ತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''चिरप्रतीक्षित''' -- long awaited, anticipate -- ದುಂಬಾ ಪಾರಕಾಪ '''चिरस्थायी''' -- permanent, everlasting, stable -- ಕಾಯಿಮೆ, ಪಾಳಾಕತಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''चिराग''' -- lamp, brakelight, foglight -- ಬೊಳ್‌ಚ '''चिरायु''' -- live long, endless life, living for ever -- ದೀರ್ಘಾಯು, ಚಾವುಇಲ್ಲತ '''चिरोरी''' -- entreaty, imploring, beseeching -- ತೇಡ್‌ವೊ, ಬೋಡಿಯವೊ '''चिलक''' -- painful, agony, arduous -- ನೊಂಬಲಾಪ, ಪ್ರಾಣ ಸಂಗಟ '''चिलकना''' -- to feel a sharp pain, to smart, distressing -- ಕುತ್ತಿನೊಂಬಲ, ಸಂಗಟ ಪಡುವೊ '''चिल्लर''' -- change, transmute, mutate -- ಮಾತುವೊ, ರೂಪ ಬದಲಾಕುವೊ '''चिल्ला''' -- bitterly cold, severe cold, frozen -- ದುಂಬಾ ಕುಳ್‌ರ್ '''चिहुँक''' -- hesitation, bashful -- ಮಿಂಞ ಬಯ್ಯ ನೋಟುವೊ, ಮುಲಾಜಿ '''चिह्न''' -- mark, sign, symbol -- ಗುರ್‌ತ್ '''चीकट''' -- very dirty, grimy, filthy -- ಗೊಜ್ಜೆ '''चीख़''' -- scream, squeak, shriek -- ಕಿರ್‌ಚ್‌ವೊ '''चीख़ना''' -- to taste, flavor, disposition -- ಚೋದ್‌ನೋಟ್‌ವೊ '''चीज''' -- an article, an item, a material -- ಒರ್ ವಸ್ತು '''चींटा''' -- black ant, social insects of the family formicidae -- ಕರ್‍ತ ಉರ್‌ಪ್ '''चींटी''' -- an ant -- ಒರ್ ಉರ್‌ಪ್ '''चीता''' -- leopard, animal belongs to panthera pardus -- ಬೇಂಗೆ ನರಿ, ಕ್ ರ್ಕ ನರಿ (ಚಿರತೆ) '''चीथना''' -- to tear to pieces, break into sections, making scrap -- ಕೀತಿತ್ ಚೂರ್ ಮಾಡ್ '''चीनी''' -- sugar -- ಸಕ್ಕರೆ '''चीर''' -- cloth, cut, strip of cloth -- ಬಟ್ಟೆರ ತುಂಡ್, ಮುರಿಪ '''चीरना''' -- to cut, to saw, to open -- ಮುರಿಪೊ '''चीरा''' -- incision, a surgical operation, cutting into -- ತಡಿನಮುರಿಪ್ಪೊ '''चुआना''' -- to cause to drip, to distil, trickle -- ಭಟ್ಟಿವುಳ್‌ಪೊ '''चुकना''' -- to be finished, ended, completed -- ತ್ಪ '''चुकाना''' -- to settle, establish, pacify -- ಸಮಾಧಾನ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ತ್ಪ '''चुगद''' -- stupid, owl, dull fellow -- ಜಡ್ಡ, ಗೂಮ '''चुगना''' -- to pick, peck -- ಕೊತ್ತ್ ವೊ, ಕೊಕ್ಕ್ ಲ್‌ಕೊತ್ತಿತ್ ತಿಂಬೊ '''चुगली''' -- back biting, mordant, scathing -- ಚಾಡಿಎಣ್ಣುವೊ '''चुंगी''' -- octoroi, terminal tax, checkpost tax -- ಸುಂಕ '''चुचाना''' -- to drip, trickle, sprinkle -- ತಳಿಪೊ '''चुटकी''' -- snapping with the finger, ramming sound with fingers, hammering with fingers -- ಬೆರತ್ ಕುಟ್ಟುವೊ, ಚಿಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಇಡುವೊ (ಬೆರತ್‌ಲ್) '''चुटकुला''' -- epigram, titbit, pleasantry -- ಚುಟ್‌ಕ್ ಪದ್ಯ '''चुटैल''' -- hurt, wounded, injury -- ಗಾಯ ಆನದ್ '''चुदक्कड़''' -- libinous, womaniser, full of sexual lust -- ಪೊಮ್ಮ್ ಕ ಚಂದ/ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಪಿರಾಂದ '''चुदाई''' -- act or process of cohabitation, co lodging -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಇಪ್ಪೊ, ಒಡಿಯ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಜೊತೆಲಿಪ್ಪೊ '''चुननदार''' -- ruffled, disorder, disarrange -- ತಾರ ಮಾರ, ಕಲಕಿ ಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''चुनना''' -- to select, to choose, prefer -- ಆಯುಪೊ '''चुनवाँ''' -- selected, chosen, excellent -- ಆಂಜದ್ '''चुनाव''' -- election, choice, selection -- ಆಯಿಕೆ, ಚುನಾವಣೆ '''चुनिंदा''' -- chosen, selected, choicest -- ಆಯಿಕೆ ಆನದ್, ಆಂಜದ್ '''चुनी''' -- ruby, deep red gem -- ಚೋಂದ ಪರಕಲ್ಲ್ '''चुनौती''' -- a challenge, dare, inputs -- ಪಂತ, ಆಹ್ವಾನ '''चुप''' -- silent, quiet -- ಮುಂಡತೆ '''चुपका''' -- totally silent, complete silence -- ಸದ್ದ್ ಮಾಡತೆ ಇಪ್ಪೋ, ಪದ್ದ್ ಸಟಾಪ್ '''चुपचाप''' -- silently, quietly, calm -- ಸದ್ದಿಲ್ಲತೆ, ಸದ್ದ ಮಾಡತೆ '''चुप्पा''' -- reticent, uncommunicative by nature, taciturn -- ಮುಂಡ ತಿಪ್ಪಂವೊ '''चुंबक''' -- magnet, a lodestone, a thing or person that attracts -- ಅಯಸ್ಕಾಂತ '''चुंबन''' -- kiss, to join the lips, to touch or press with lips -- ಮುತ್ತ್, ಕೊದ್‌ಚವ '''चुभन''' -- pricking, smarting sensation, thing that pricks -- ಕುತ್ತುವೊ '''चुभना''' -- to prick, a sharp point, piercing -- ಕುತ್ತೊವೊ, ಕುತ್ತಿಪರೆವೊ '''चुभना''' -- punctured, to feel bad, rupture -- ಒಡಿಯುವೊ '''चुम्मा''' -- kiss, affection, passion -- ಮುತ್ತ್ '''चुम्मा चाटी''' -- kissing and licking, touching and moving -- ಮುತ್ತ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ ಪಿಂಞನಕ್ಕುವೊ '''चुरचुरा''' -- crisp, brisk, fresh -- ಕೆರ್ ಕೆರ್, ಕರ್‌ಮ್ ಕುರ್‌ಮ್ '''चुराना''' -- to steal, to pilfer, a theft -- ಕಪ್ಪೊ '''चुराना''' -- steal, to take without permission, to practice theft -- ಕಪ್ಪೊ, ಕಳ್ಳತನ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''चुल''' -- tiltilation, prurience, lust -- (ಪೋಲಿ, ಪೊರ್ಕಿ) ಕಾಮಾಸಕ್ತಿ '''चुलबुला''' -- playful, fidgety, restless by nature -- ಮಕ್ಕಕಳಿರ, ಮನಸ್ ನಿಂದಲ್ಲಿ ನಿಕ್ಕತ '''चुल्लू''' -- a handful, palmful, able to -- ಕೈದುಂಬ '''चुसकी''' -- a sip, suck, a whirlpool -- ಊತ್‌ವೊ '''चुस्त''' -- active, smart, agile -- ಚೂಟಿ ಉಳ್ಳ '''चुस्तचालक''' -- canny, shrewd, astute -- ಚುರ್‌ಕ್, ಜಾಣ '''चुस्ती''' -- alertness, smartness, agile -- ಚುರ್‌ಕ್‌ತನ, ಜಾಗ್ರತೆ '''चुहल''' -- jollity, joviality, frolicsome chat -- ಕುಸಿರತಕ್ಕ್, ತಮಾಸಿ '''चुहिया''' -- a female mouse, timid person, female rat -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಎಲಿ '''चूक''' -- mistake, error, slip, omission -- ತಪ್ಪ್ '''चूकना''' -- to miss, to fail, to lose -- ಕಾಂಗತಾಪೊ, ತಪ್ಪು ಆಪೊ '''चूँकि''' -- because, as, for instance -- ಎನ್ನಂಗಣ್ಣಕ '''चूची''' -- a nipple, teat, female breast -- ಮೊಲೆಕೊತ್ತ್ '''चूचुक''' -- a nipple, teat, mammilla -- ಮೊಲೆರ ಕೊತ್ತ್ '''चूड़ी''' -- a bangle, ring, pucker -- ಬಳೆ '''चूतड़''' -- the buttock -- ಚೆಣ್ಣೆ '''चूतिया''' -- stupid, blockhead, dull -- ದಡ್ಡ '''चूतियापंथी''' -- stupidity, silliness, dullness -- ದಡ್ಡತನ, ಹೆಡ್ಡತನ '''चून''' -- flour, grind into bolt, soft powder -- ಪೊಡಿ '''चूना''' -- to leak, to drop, an unintended leak -- ತೋರಿಯಂಡ್ (ತೋರೊ) '''चूना-पत्थर''' -- lime stone, calcium carbonate stone, marble -- ಚುಣ್ಣ/ ಚುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲ್ '''चूमना''' -- to kiss, to lip, to touch -- ಮುತ್ತ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''चूमा''' -- kiss, kissing, to love -- ಮುತ್ತ್ '''चूर''' -- powder, flour, smooth cosmotics -- ಪೊಡಿ '''चूर-चूर''' -- broken to bits, fragments, shattered into pieces -- ಚೂರ್, ಚೂರಾಯಿತ್ '''चूरमा''' -- a kind of sweet meat made from crumbled bread -- ಮೊದ್‌ರಪುಟ್ಟ್ '''चूर्ण''' -- powder, digestive powder, flour -- ತಿಂಡಿ ಮಾಡುವೊ ಪೊಡಿ '''चूर्णित''' -- crushed, crumple, rumple -- ಪೊಡಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಪೊಡ್‌ಚದ್ '''चूल''' -- mortise, tenon -- ಜುಟ್ಟ್, ಮರತ್‌ಲ್ ಅಳಪಕ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ ತೂತ '''चूल्हा''' -- a fire place, fire stove, oven -- ತಿತ್ತ್ ಜಾಗ, ಒಲೆ, ಅಡ್‌ಪ '''चूषण''' -- suction, sucking, process -- ಊತ್‌ವೊ/ ಬಲ್‌ಚವೊ '''चूसना''' -- to suck, to suck dry, to sip, to drink in -- ಊತ್/ ಬಲ್‌ಚ '''चूहा''' -- a rat, mouse, a scoundrel -- ಎಲಿ, ಚದಿಯ '''चेक''' -- cheque, money endorsement -- ಪ್‌ಣತ್‌ರ್ ಚೀಟಿ, ಚೆಕ್ಕ್ '''चेचक''' -- smallpox, highly contiguous, febrile disease -- ಸಿಡುಬು '''चेटी''' -- maid servant, female servant, female attendant -- ಆಳ್ ಮೂಡಿ, ಪಣಿಕರ್ತಿ '''चेत''' -- consciousness, sense, discern -- ಸೋಯ/ ಮನ್‌ಸ್ಸ್, ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''चेतन''' -- animate, memory, mind -- ನೆಪ್ಪ್, ಮನಸ್ಸ್, ಜಿಂವ '''चेतावनी''' -- a warning, caution, advice -- ಎಚ್ಚರ, ಸೂಚನೆ '''चेन''' -- chain, sequence, sucession -- ಕ್ರಮ ಪೋಲೆ, ಚಂಙೋಲೆ '''चेरा''' -- servant, attendant, one who performs domestic duties -- ಆಳ್, ಸೇವೆ ಮಾಡುವವ, ಗೀತಕಾರ '''चेरी''' -- a female attendant, maid servant, domestic servant -- ಪಣಿಕಾರ್ತಿ, ಗೌಡಿ '''चेला''' -- a pupil, disciple, scholar -- ಶಿಷ್ಯ, ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ, ಪಂಡಿತ '''चेष्टा''' -- effort, endeavour, movement, gesture -- ಸಾಧನೆ, ಸಾಸಪಡುವೊ '''चेहरा''' -- face, countenance, mask -- ಮೂಡ್, ಮೊಗ '''चैतन्य''' -- conscious, sensitive, lascivious -- ಸೋಯ/ ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮ ಬುದ್ಧಿ/ ಚೂಟಿ '''चैती''' -- pertaining to, or relation with, in connection with -- ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟ '''चैत्र''' -- first month of the Hindu calendar -- ಹಿಂದೂ ಪಂಚಾಗತ್‌ರ ಆದ್ಯತಿಂಗ, ಚೈತ್ರ '''चैन''' -- relief, rest, tranquility -- ಪರಿಹಾರ, ಸಮಾಧಾನಕರ '''चैला''' -- sliver, splinter, splite -- ಬೊಳ್ಳಿ '''चोकर''' -- bran, the partly ground husk of wheat, outer husk of paddy -- ತೌಡ್, ಉಮ್ಮಿ, ನುಚ್ಚಿ '''चोखा''' -- good, fine, genuine -- ನಲ್ಲ, ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳ '''चोंच''' -- beak, bill, dolt -- ಕೊಕ್ಕ್ '''चोंचला''' -- affection, dalliance, amity -- ಪ್ರೀತಿ, ಸ್ನೇಹ '''चोट''' -- injury, blow, stroke -- ಪೊಯಿತ್, ಗಾಯ '''चोटिल''' -- wounded, struck, injured -- ಮುರಿ, ಗಾಯಆನದ್ '''चोटी''' -- apex, top, best -- ಕೊಡಿ, ಜಡೆ '''चोदना''' -- to have sexual intercourse, to copulate, cohabit -- ಸಂಭೋಗ '''चोबा''' -- a nail, fix, fasten -- ಆಣಿ, ಆಣಿಪೊಯ್ಯ್, ಅಂಟ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ '''चोर''' -- a thief, burglar, pick pocket -- ಕಳ್ಳ, ಇರ್‌ಕಳ್ಳ, ಚೋಬ್‌ಕಳ್ಳ '''चोरी''' -- theft, burgalary, to rob, to steal -- ಕಳ್ಳತನ, ಇರ್‌ಲ್ ಕಪ್ಪ '''चोला''' -- a long robe, to put on a robe, big theft -- ಉದ್ದಗೌನ್, ಬಲ್ಯಕಳವ '''चोली''' -- bodice, insolent -- ಕಳಕುಪ್ಯ ಅದಿಮರ್ಂಜ, ಚೊಕ್ಕ್ '''चौक''' -- a crossing, square, park -- ಅಡ್ಡಕಡ್‌ಪೊ, ಚೌಕೊತ್ತ್, ಪೂತೋಟ, ಮೂಂದ್‌ನಾಲ್ ರಸ್ತೆಯ ಬಂದ್ ಕೂಡುವೊ ಜಾಗ '''चौंकना''' -- to be startled, started, to get scared -- ಬೊರ್ಂಡ್‌ವೊ '''चौकन्ना''' -- alert, vigiliant, cautious -- ಚೂಟಿ, ಎಚ್ಚರ '''चौकसी''' -- watchful ness, vigilance, alert -- ಎಚ್ಚರತಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''चौकी''' -- a post, check post, security country -- ಬಕ್ಕ, ತನಿಕೆಮಾಡುವ ಬಕ್ಕ ತೆರಿ '''चौकीदार''' -- a watchman, guard, safeguard -- ಪಾರಕಾರ '''चौड़ा''' -- broad, wide -- ಅಗಲ, ವಿಶಾಲ ಆನದ್ '''चौंतीस''' -- thirty-four -- ನುಪ್ಪತ್ತ್ ನಾಲ್ '''चौथ''' -- a fourth day of lunar fortnight -- ಚತುರ್ಥಿ, ನಾಲನೇ ದಿನ, ಕರ್ತಬಾವು ಕಯಿಂಜಿತ್ ನಾಲನೆದಿನ '''चौथा''' -- the fourth -- ನಾಲನೇ '''चौथाई''' -- one fourth -- ಕಾಲ್ ಭಾಗ '''चौदह''' -- fourteen -- ಪದಿನಾಲ್ '''चौंध''' -- dazzling, effect, outcome -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕುಕ್ಕುವೊ, ಪರಿಣಾಮ '''चौधरी''' -- headman of the village -- ಗ್ರಾಮತ್‌ರ ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥ, ಮುಕ್ರಿ. '''चौपट''' -- spoilt, ruined, destructed -- ಪಾಳಾನ, ಪಾಳ್ ಬುದ್ದದ್ '''चौपड़''' -- a game of long dice -- ಉದ್ದ ದಾಳತ್‌ರ್ ಪಗಡೆ ಕಳಿ '''चौपन्ना''' -- a pamphlet, invitation -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಪುಸ್ತಕ, ಓಲೆ '''चौपहिया''' -- four-wheeler -- ನಾಲ್ ಚಕ್ರತ್‌ರ ಗಾಡಿ '''चौबीस''' -- twenty-four -- ಇರ್‌ವತ್ತನಾಲ್ '''चौरानवे''' -- ninety-four -- ತೊಂಬತ್ತನಾಲ್ '''चौरासी''' -- eighty-four -- ಎಂಬತ್ತನಾಲ್ '''चौर्य''' -- theft, stealing, burglar -- ಕಳೆವು, ಲೂಟಿ, ದರೋಡೆ. '''चौर्यवृत्ति''' -- habit of stealing, habit of robbing -- ಕಳ್ಳತನ, ಲೂಟಿ ಕೋರ, ಕಪ್ಪಚಾಲ್ '''चौवन''' -- fifty-four -- ಐಂಬತ್ತನಾಲ್ '''चौवालीस''' -- fortysix -- ನಾಪತ್ತಾರ್ '''चौंसठ''' -- sixty-four -- ಅರುವತ್ತನಾಲ್ '''चौहत्तर''' -- seventy-four -- ಎಳ್‌ವತ್ತನಾಲ್ '''चौहद्दी''' -- boundary, border, limits -- ಹದ್ದ್, ಜಾಗ ತ್‌ರಗುರ್‌ತ್, ಸೀಮೆ, ತೆರಿ '''चौहरा''' -- fourfold -- ನಾಲ್ ಮಡಕ್, ನಾಲ್‌ರಟ್ಟಿ '''च्युत''' -- fallen, depraved, deviation -- ನೀತಿಗೆಟ್ಟ, ಭ್ರಷ್ಟ, ಕೆಟ್ಟಪದ ಎಡ್‌ತ '''छ''' -- second of the alveo-palatal pentad of consonants of the nagari alphabet -- ಚ ವರ್ಗತ್‌ರ ದಂಡನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''छः''' -- six -- ಆರ್ '''छकड़ा''' -- a carrier bullock cart -- ಎತ್ತ್ ಗಾಡಿ '''छकना''' -- to be harassed, to be gratified, to be satiated -- ಚಿಕ್ಕ್ ಚಿಡುವೊ, ತೊಂದರೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ, ತೃಪ್ತಿಪಡತುವೊ '''छकाना''' -- to tease, harass, to defeat -- ಹಂಗ್ ಚಿಡುವೊ, ಚಿಕ್ಕ್ ಚಿಡುವೊ, ಸೋಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ '''छक्का''' -- a set of six, sixer -- ಆರ್‌ಜೊತೆ, ಆರಾಂಡ '''छक्का-पंजा''' -- cunning tactics, Wiliness, deception -- ಮೋಸಗಾರಿಕೆರ, ಕುತಂತ್ರ '''छगन''' -- baby, young one, an infant -- ಕುಂಞಿ, ಎಳಿಯಂವ '''छंगा''' -- having six fingers -- ಆರ್ ಬೆರ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''छछूँदर''' -- musk rat, shrew-mouse -- ಕಸ್ತೂರಿ ಎಲಿ, ಚೂಂಡ ಎಲಿ '''छजली''' -- sunshade, protection from the rays of the sun -- ಬೆದ್‌ಮರೆ, ಬೆದ್‌ತಡ್‌ಪೊ '''छज्जा''' -- a balcony, terrace, dripstone -- ಮಾಡಿರ ಕೈಯ್ಯಾಲೆ '''छटकना''' -- to slip, to shoot off, to be separated from group -- ಕೈತಪ್ಪುವೊ. ಜಾರುವೊ, ವಿಂಗಡ್‌ಚಿಡೊ '''छटंकी''' -- puny, tiny, creature -- ಕುಳ್ಳ, ಚೆರಿಯ, ಜಂತು '''छँटना''' -- to be sorted, to be removed, to be separated -- ಆಂಜಿಎಡ್‌ಪೊ, ಬೋರೆಮಾಡುವೊ '''छँटनी''' -- retrenchment, act of pruning, trimming -- ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಾಡೊ/ ಚೌರುವೊ, ಕಪಾತ್ '''छटपटाना''' -- to writhe in pain, to be restless -- ತಡಪಕಯ್ಯತನೊಂಬಲ, ಒರ್ಕ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''छटा''' -- refulgence, luster, beauty -- ಮಿನ್ನುವ, ಚಾಯಿ '''छँटाई''' -- reduction, reducing, prunning -- ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''छटाँक''' -- one sixteenth of a seer -- ಚಟಾಕ್, ೧/೧೬ ಸೇರ್ '''छठ''' -- fortnight -- ಪ್‌ದ್‌ನಂಜನೆ, ದಂಡ್‌ವಾರ '''छठा''' -- sixth -- ಆರನೆ '''छड़''' -- rod, bar, a stick -- ಕೋಲ್, ಬಡಿಯ '''छड़ा''' -- unmarried -- ಮಂಗಲಾಕತ '''छड़ी''' -- a stick, cane, Walking stick -- ಕೋಲ್, ಕೈತಂಡ್ '''छत''' -- roof, ceiling, hood -- ಮಾಡ್, ಮಚ್ಚಿ, ಪೊರೆ '''छतनार''' -- diffused, dispersed, scattered -- ಪರತ್, ಅಪ್ಪರ, ಇಪ್ಪರ ಮಾಡುವ '''छतरी''' -- an umbrella -- ಕೊಡೆ '''छत्ता''' -- beehive, archway, thick -- ತೇನ್ ಗೂಡ್, ತೇನ್‌ಪಾಡ್, ಬಾಂಗ್‌ನಕಮಾನ್, ಪೈಲ್, ತೇಂಗುಡಿ '''छत्तीस''' -- thirty-six -- ನುಪ್ಪತ್ತಾರ್ '''छत्र''' -- an umbrella -- ಕೊಡೆ '''छत्रक''' -- mushroom, fungus -- ಕುಮ್ಮು '''छत्रछाया''' -- patronage, protection, aegis -- ಆಶ್ರಯ, ಪೋತುವೊ '''छत्रपति''' -- sovereign king, emperor -- ಒಡೆಯ, ಆಳ್‌ವಂವೊ, ಒಡೆಯ '''छंद''' -- metre -- ಛಂದಸ್ಸು, ವರ್ಣ, ಮಾತ್ರೆಕೂಡ್‌ವ ವಾಕ್ಯ '''छंदशास्त्र''' -- study of poetic metres -- ಛಂದಸ್ಸ್‌ರ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''छदाम''' -- one fourth of a pica -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಆಣಿ/ ಕಾಲ್ ಇಂಚಿರ ಆಣಿ, ೧/೪ ಇಂಚ್ '''छंदोबद्ध''' -- metrical, poetic measure -- ಛಂದಸ್ಸ್‌ರ ಅಳತೆ '''छंदोभंग''' -- metrical flaw, poetic measure -- ಛಂದಸ್ಸ್‌ರ ತಪ್ಪು '''छन''' -- a moment, an instant, eventfulness -- ಒರ್ ಕ್ಷಣ/ ಒರ್ ಸಂದರ್ಭ '''छनक''' -- tinkling or hissing sound -- ಮಿನಿ ಮಿನಿ/ ಬುಸ್ ಕೂಟ್‌ವ ಸದ್ದ್ '''छनना''' -- a ritter, a piece, scrap -- ಚೂರ್ ಪಾರ್ '''छनाछन''' -- with a jingling, tinkling sound -- ಕೆಣಿ ಮಣಿ ಸದ್ದ್ '''छप''' -- splashing sound, sensation, uproar -- ಅಲೆಪೊಯ್ಯುವೊ ಸದ್ದ್ '''छपकना''' -- to splash, to splatter, a head ornament -- ನೀರ್ ತಳಿಪ, ಮಂಡೆರ ಮಾಲ್ '''छपना''' -- to be printed, stamped -- ಅಚ್ಚ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಮುದ್ರೆ ಒತ್ತ್ ನ '''छपाई''' -- printing, printing charges, printed material -- ಅಚ್ಚಿ, ಅಚ್ಚಿ ಮಾಡುವ ಖರ್ಚಿ, ಅಚ್ಚಿರ ಸಾಮಾನ್. '''छपाना''' -- to get printed, thing that prints words, symbols etc. in a printed form -- ಅಚ್ಚಿ ಮಾಡ್, ಮುದ್ರೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಅಚ್ಚಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ಚಿರುವೊ '''छप्पन''' -- fifty-six -- ಐಂಬತ್ತಾರ್ '''छप्पर''' -- a thatch, thatched roof a covering of such a material -- ಮನೆರ ಪೊರೆ ಪೊದ್‌ಪೊ, ಪಿಲ್ಲ್‌ಪೊದಪೋ ಮೋಂದಾಯ/ ಮೋಂದಾಯ ಪೊದಪ '''छब्बीस''' -- twenty-six -- ಇರ್‌ವತ್ತಾರ್ '''छमाही''' -- half yearly, six months equal to such a part 12 of the year -- ಆರ್ ತಿಂಗಕೊಮ್ಮ '''छरकीला''' -- slim, slender, thin -- ತಳ್ಳನೆ, ಲಾಚಾರಾನ '''छरद''' -- vomit, throw up, regurgitate -- ಕಾರುವ, ಕಕ್ಕುವೊ '''छर्रा''' -- small shot, small pebble, rounded stone -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಕಲ್ಲ್, ಉರ್‌ಟ್‌ಕಲ್ಲ್. '''छल''' -- ruse, fraud trick -- ಕುತಂತ್ರ, ಮೋಸ '''छल छंद''' -- chaffier, trickery, designing -- ಮೋಸ '''छलक''' -- act or state of spilling, overflow, a quantity of something spilled over -- ಉಕ್ಕುವೊ, ಚೆಲ್ಲುವೊ '''छलकना''' -- to overflow, to spill, to run over the side of the container -- ದುಂಬಿತ್ ಚೆಲ್ಲುವೊ '''छलकपट''' -- fraudulent, deception, hoax -- ಮೋಸಕಾರ '''छलछलाना''' -- to have the eyes filled with tears -- ದುಂಬ್‌ನ್ ಕಣ್ಣ್ ನೀರ್ '''छलछिद्र''' -- malicious, fault finding, searching for mistakes, catching weakness -- ತಪ್ಪ್ - ತೇಡುವೊ, ಕೇಡ್ ಕಿಚ್ಚ್‌ದುಂಬ್‌ನ '''छलना''' -- to cheat, to deceive, tricky -- ಮೋಸ ಮಾಡೊ/ ಮೋಸ '''छलला''' -- a ring, ringlet, loop -- ಮೊಯಿರ, ಚೆರಿಯ ಮೊಯಿರ '''छलाँग''' -- leap, jump, bound -- ಪಾರುವೊ '''छलिया''' -- cheat, deceitful, tricky -- ದಗಾ, ಕೆಣಿಯ, ಚದಿ '''छल्ली''' -- ulcer, creeper -- ಪುಣ್ಣ್, ಬಳ್ಳಿ '''छल्लेदार''' -- ringed, curly, armour -- ಸುತ್ತ್ ಸುತ್ತಾಯಿತ್, ಪಡೆಕವಚ '''छविगृह''' -- cinema-house, film theater, entertainment hall -- ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಮನೆ/ ಮನರಂಜನೆ ಬಾಡೆ '''छह''' -- six -- ಆರ್ '''छाई''' -- ashes, fragments, scrap -- ಬೂದಿ, ಚೂರ್ ಪಾರ್ '''छाक''' -- intoxication, drunkenness, inebriation -- ಅಮ್‌ಲ್, ಮಂಡೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ವೊ '''छाछ''' -- buttermilk, obtained from milk by coagulation, skimmed milk with the addition of a bacterial culture -- ಮೋರ್, ಪುಳಿ ಮೋರ್ '''छाँट''' -- selection, cutting, pruning -- ಆಯ್ಕೆ, ಕತ್ತರಿಚಿರುವೊ '''छाती''' -- chest, breast, Waist length -- ಎದೆ, ಅರೆ ಅಳತೆ. '''छात्र''' -- student, pupil, any person who studies -- ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ '''छात्रवृत्ति''' -- scholarship, academic attainment of a scholar, the act or process of a acquiring knowledge or skill -- ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ ವೇತನ, ಫೀಸ್ ಮಾಫಿ '''छात्रा''' -- girl student, female learner, lady student -- ವಿದ್ಯೆಪಡಿಪ್ಪೊ ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್ '''छात्रावास''' -- boarding, hostel, mess hall, students dining hall -- ವಿದ್ಯೆಪಡಿಪಯಿಂಡ ಉಂಬ ಜಾಗ, ಬೋರ್ಡಿಂಗ್ '''छानना''' -- to filter, to strain, penetrate -- ಅರಿಪ, ಸೋಸುವೊ '''छानबीन''' -- screening, investigation, scrutiny -- ಶೋಧನೆ '''छानबे''' -- ninetysix -- ತೊಂಬತ್ತಾರ್ '''छाना''' -- to cover, overspread, overlay -- ಮುಚ್ಚುವೊ, ಮೇಲೆ ಮುಚ್ಚುವೊ. '''छाप''' -- a print, printing, composing magzines -- ಅಚ್ಚಿ ಅಡಿಪ, ಪುಸ್ತ್‌ಕ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ. '''छापना''' -- to print, to publish, to compose -- ಅಚ್ಚ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಪ್ರಚಾರ, ಜೋಡಣೆ '''छापा''' -- raid, attack, sudden assault -- ದಾಳಿ, ಮೇಲೆಬೂವೊ '''छाया''' -- shadow, a reflected image, mistrust -- ನಳ, ವಿಶ್ವಾಸ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''छायांकन''' -- photography, cinematography -- ಫೋಟೊ ಎಡ್‌ಪೊ '''छार''' -- ash, dust, powder -- ಬೂದಿ, ದೂಳ್ ಪೊಡಿ '''छाल''' -- bark, shoot, wave -- ಅಟ್ಟೆ, ಚಿಗ್‌ರ್ '''छाला''' -- a blister, burn, flame -- ಬೊಕ್ಕೆ, ಕತ್ತ್ ವೊ ತಿತ್ತ್ '''छाली''' -- a cream of boiled milk, a fatty part of milk, a yellowish white -- ಪೆರೆ. '''छाँव''' -- shadow, shade, a reflected image -- ನಳ, ಪ್ರತಿನೆಳ್ '''छावनी''' -- cantonment, military quarters, defense training center -- ಪಟಾಳ ನೆಲೆ '''छाँह''' -- shade, shadow, shade or comparative darkness -- ನಳ, ಮಂದಬೊಳಿ '''छिछोरा''' -- mean, petty -- ಕ್ಳ್‌ತರ, ಚೆರಿಯದ್ '''छिटकना''' -- to be scattered, to be spread, expand -- ಪರತುವೊ/ ಚಿಲ್ಲ್ ವೊ '''छिड़कना''' -- to disperse or distribute here and there, to sprinkle, scatter -- ಪಿರಿಯುವೊ, ತಳಿಪೊ, ಬೊಳಂಬುವೊ. '''छिड़काव''' -- spraying, Watering, to apply as spray -- ನೀರ್‌ತಳಿಪೊ '''छिदना''' -- to be pierced, to be bored, by drilling -- ಕುತ್ತುವೊ/ ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕುಯಿಪೊ '''छिद्र''' -- pore, bore, slot -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ತೂತ್ '''छिद्रान्वेषण''' -- fault finding, searching mistakes, something that is found or ascertained -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ಕಂಡ್‌ಪುಡಿಪೊ, ತಪ್ಪು ತೇಡುವೊ '''छिद्रित''' -- bored, perforated, pierced -- ತೂತ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕುಯಿಚದ್ '''छिनक''' -- instant, moment, promptly -- ಆತುರತ್ /ಕೂಡೆನ್ನೆ '''छिन्न''' -- incised, rent, cutoff -- ರೂಪಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ, ಬಾಡಿಗೆ, ಕೊರಂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''छिपकली''' -- a lizard, scrounger -- ಪಲ್ಲಿ, ಎರಣಿ '''छिपना''' -- to hide, to duck, a hideout -- ಒಳ್‌ಚವೊ, ಒಳಿಪ ಜಾಗ, ಒಳಿಪೊ '''छिपाना''' -- to hide, to conceal, to keep secret -- ಒಳ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ, ಗುಟ್ಟಾಯಿತಿಪ್ಪೊ. '''छिपाव''' -- concealment, secrecy, privacy -- ಒಳ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ, ಗುಟ್ಟ್. '''छिपे-छिपे''' -- stealthily, secretly, stealth -- ಗುಟ್ಟಾಯಿತ್, ಕಳ್ಳತನತ್‌ರ '''छिलका''' -- the peel, skin, to remove -- ತೋಲ್, ತೋಲ್ ಎಡ್‌ಪೊ, ಅಟ್ಟೆ. '''छिलन''' -- peeling, bruise, Wound due to scratching -- ತೋಲ್ ಕೀಚುವೊ, ತೊಲಿಪೊ '''छींक''' -- a sneeze, to emit air or breath suddenly, spasmodic action -- ತ್‌ಮ್ಮವೊ, ತುಮ್ಮುವೊ '''छींकना''' -- to sneeze, forcibly and audibly through the nose and mouth by involuntary, spasmodic action -- ತುಮ್ಮುವ '''छीछालेदार''' -- miserable plight, predicament, muck -- ಕಷ್ಟತ್‌ರ ಬದ್‌ಕ್/ ಅವಸ್ಥೆ '''छीज''' -- decay, wastage, decompose -- ಪಾಳ್‌ನದ್/ ಕೀಂಜದ್ '''छीनना''' -- to snatch, to grab, Wrest -- ಬಲಿಪೊ/ ಕೈಂಜಿ ಬಲಿಪೊ '''छीलना''' -- to peel -- ತೊಲಿಪೊ/ ತೋಲೆಡ್‌ಪೊ '''छुआछुत''' -- rigid, untouchability, hide and seek -- ಕಠಿಣ, ಒಳ್‌ಚಿಕ್‌ಳಿ, ತೊಡತೆ ಇಪ್ಪ. '''छुच्छु''' -- idiotic, insignificant, imbecilic -- ದಡ್ಡ, ಅರ್ಥ ಇಲ್ಲತ, ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತ. '''छुटकारा''' -- riddance, release, discharge -- ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡೆ, ಬುಡ್‌ತ್‌ವೊ. '''छुटपन''' -- childhood, boyhood, period of being a boy -- ಬಾಲ್ಯ, ಚೆರಿಯಬಯತ್ '''छुटभैया''' -- insignificant, petty person without meaning -- ಮಹತ್ವ ಇಲ್ಲತ/ ಚಿಲ್ಲರೆ ಮನುಷ್ಯ/ ಅರ್ಥ ಇಲ್ಲತ. '''छुट्टा''' -- loose, not tied, unbound -- ಸಡಲ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ ನ, ಕೆಟ್ಟತದ್ '''छुट्टी''' -- leave, holiday, vacation -- ರಜ '''छुडाना''' -- to get released, to extricate, to disentangle -- ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ/ ಬುಡ್‌ತ್‌ವೊ, ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ. '''छुतहा''' -- contagious, infectious, rapidity with which something spreads -- ಅಂಟ್ ಕಾಯಿಲ, ಅಂಟ್ ರೋಗ. '''छुरा''' -- a razor, dagger, big knife -- ಚಾಕ್, ಬಾಳ್ '''छुरी''' -- a knife, small dagger, sword like a weapon -- ಚಾಕ್/ ಒರ್‌ಚಾಕ್/ ಬಾಳ್ ಕತ್ತಿ. '''छू मंतर''' -- vanish, to disappear, to wipe -- ಮಾಂಯ, ಕಾಣತೆ ಆಪೊ. '''छूट''' -- rebate, discount, freedom -- ಸೋಡಿ, ರಿಯಾಯಿತಿ, ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡೆ '''छूटना''' -- to be left, omitted, to be separated -- ಬುಡುವನ್ನತದ್/ ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ. '''छूत''' -- touching, contagion, infection -- ಮುಟ್ಟುವೋ/ ಮೈಲಿಗೆ/ ಕಾಯಿಲೆ ಅಂಟುವೊ '''छूना''' -- to touch, contact, Whitewash -- ಮುಟ್ಟ್ ವೊ/ ತ್ಂಡವೊ/ ಬೊಳ್ಳೆ ಮುಕ್ಕುವೂ. '''छेंगुनी''' -- little finger -- ಚಿಣಿ ಬೆರ '''छेड़''' -- teasing, harass, provoke -- ಕುತ್ತಿಪರೆಯುವೊ/ ಅರಂಗೇತುವ. '''छेड़छाड़''' -- provocation, teasing, unbecoming behaviour -- ಪ್ರಚೋದನೆ/ ಅಂಗ್‌ಚಿರುವೊ, ರೇಗುವ. '''छेद''' -- hole, bore, opening -- ತೂತ್, ಮಾಳಿ '''छेदना''' -- drill, bore, pierce -- ತೂತ್‌ಡಪೊ/ ಮಾಳಿ ಎಡ್‌ಪೊ/ ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕುಯಿಪ. '''छोकरा''' -- a lad, boy, a male child below the 18 years -- ಕ್‌ಣ್ಣ '''छोंटना''' -- to select, to sort out, to arrange recording to sort -- ಆಯುವೊ/ ಪೊರ್‌ಕ್‌ವೊ. '''छोटा''' -- small, little, short -- ಚೆರಿಯ/ ಎತ್ತರ ಕಮ್ಮಿ. '''छोटा-मोटा''' -- small, petty, minor -- ಚೆರಿಯದ್ '''छोटाई''' -- smallness, shortness, inferiority -- ಚೆರಿಯ ತನ/ಕುಳ್ಳ, ಕ್ಳರಿಮೆ '''छोड़ना''' -- to leave, to omit, to abandon -- ಬುಡ್‌ವೊ, ಬುಟ್ಟಿತ್ '''छोर''' -- the end, fag end, extremity -- ಆಖೀರಿ, ಕಡೇರ '''छोरा''' -- a lad, young boy, a male child -- ಚೆರಿಯಕ್‌ಣ್ಣ/ ಆಣ್‌ಕುಂಞಿ '''छोरी''' -- lass, a girl, a female child -- ಮೂಡಿ/ ಮೂಡಿಕುಂಞಿ '''छोह''' -- affection, compassion, mercy -- ಪ್ರೀತಿ/ ಕ್ಷಮೆ, ದಯೆ. '''ज''' -- eighth consonant of the nagari alphabet, third of alveo-palatal pentad -- ವ್ಯಂಜನ ಚವರ್ಗತ್‌ರ ಮೂಂದನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''जईफ़''' -- old, infirm, weak -- ಲಾಚಾರ್/ ಕೈಯ್ಯತಂವೊ. '''जक''' -- obstinacy, mania, incessant insistence -- ಸೋಲ್/ ತೊಂದರೆ/ ನಷ್ಟ/ ಞಾಣ. '''जकड़''' -- grip, fight, grasp -- ಪುಡ್‌ತ / ಜಗಳ/ ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾಯಿತ್ ಪುಡಿಪೊ. '''जंकसन''' -- junction, cross roads, particular square -- ಮೂಂದ್, ನಾಲ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ವ ಜಾಗ / ಚೌಕಿ. '''जकात''' -- octroi, octroi duty, tax -- ಸುಂಕ, ಸುಂಕ ತೆರಿಗೆ '''जख़ीरा''' -- stock, store, hoard -- ಜಕ್ಕೀರ್ಯ/ ಉಗ್ರಾಣ/ ಕೂಟಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ '''जख्म''' -- wound, cut, injury, ulcer -- ಗಾಯ/ ಪುಣ್ಣ್ '''जख्मी''' -- wounded, hurt, injured -- ಗಾಯ ಆನ/ ಮುರಂಜ ಗಾಯ '''जग''' -- world, universe, people -- ಜಗತ್ತ್, ವಿಶ್ವ, ಜನ, ಲೋಕ '''जंग''' -- rust, formation of rust, corrosion -- ಕಿಲ್‌ಬ್/ ಕಿಲ್‌ಬ್‌ಪುಡಿಪೊ, ಇರ್ಂಬ್‌ಕರೆ '''जंग''' -- a war, battle, fight -- ಪಡೆಪೊಪ್ಪ/ ಯುದ್ಧ ಮಾಡುವೊ. '''जगत''' -- world, universe, earth -- ಜಗತ್ತ್/ ಭೂಮಿ, ವಿಶ್ವ, ಲೋಕ '''जगती''' -- the world, earth, mankind -- ಭೂಮಿ/ ಮಾನವಂಗ '''जगना''' -- to wake up, to awaken -- ಎಪ್ಪುವ, ಎಚ್ಚರ ಆಪೊ '''जंगम''' -- moving, movable, position -- ಪೋಪ / ಪೋಯಂಡಿಪ್ಪ/ ತಿರ್‌ಗಾಡ್‌ವೊ. '''जगमग''' -- shining, glittering -- ಮಿನ್ನುವ / ಎಲಂಗುವೊ '''जंगल''' -- forest, jungle, grove -- ಕಾಡ್/ ಮರತ್‌ರ ಗುಂಪ್ '''जगह''' -- place, space, quarter -- ಜಾಗ, ಕಾಲ್ ಭಾಗ '''जगार''' -- wake, state of being or keeping awake -- ಎಚ್ಚರ/ವರಕ್ಂಜಿ ಏವೊ/ ಎಚ್ಚರತಿಪ್ಪೊ '''जंगी''' -- martial, relating to war, soldierly -- ಪಡೆಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟ/ ಯದ್ಧಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟ '''जंघा''' -- a thigh, lower limb of the human body, femoral region -- ತೊಡೆ '''जँचा''' -- to be examined, tested, to come out successful in a test -- ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಾಡಿತ್ ನೋಟುವೊ/ ಪಾಸಾಪೊ. '''जच्चा''' -- a woman in post-delivery confinement, pregnant -- ಕುಳಿಯಮೆಕರ್ತಿ, ಪೆತ್ತವ ಆರೈಕೆ ಅಪ್ಪ '''जंजाल''' -- botheration, entanglement, embarrassment -- ಕಷ್ಟಪಡುವೊ, ತೊಂದರೆ, ಕಷ್ಟತ್‌ಲ್ ಕೆಣಿವ. '''जंजीर''' -- chain, shackle, handcuff -- ಚಂಙೋಲೆ/ ಕೈ ಕೋಳ '''जजीरा''' -- an island, isolated hill, land surrounded by water -- ದ್ವೀಪ '''जज्ब''' -- absorbed, assimilated, endemic -- ಬಲ್‌ಚವೊ/ ಹೀರಿಯಂಡದ್ / ನೇಮತ ಕಾಯಿಲೆ '''जज्बा''' -- an emotion, feeling, passion -- ಭಾವನೆ/ ಊಹೆ '''जटा''' -- fibrous root, tangled hair, maze -- ಜಡೆ/ ಉದ್ದತಲ್‌ಮಿ '''जटिल''' -- complicated, intricate, inaccessible -- ಕಠಿಣತ್‌ರ/ ಕೆಣಿಂಜವೊ '''जठर''' -- stomach, digestive place, abide -- ಕೆಲ, ಪೊಟ್ಟೆ '''जड़''' -- root, inanimate, inert -- ಬೇರ್/ ಜಿಂವ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''जड़त''' -- inlay, setting, inlaid work -- ಮಾಲ್‌ಮಟ್ಟಕ್ ರೂಪಕೊಡಪೊ/ಮಾಲ್‌ರ ಜೋಡಣಿ. '''जड़ता''' -- inertia, torpor, idiocy -- ಅಸ್ಥಿರ ಮನಸ್, ಆಲಸ್ಯ '''जड़ी''' -- a simple medicinal root -- ಒರ್‌ಮದ್ದ್ ಬೇರ್ '''जताना''' -- to apprise, to make known, to warn -- ಅರಿವಿಕೆ/ ಸೂಚನೆ '''जंतु''' -- animal, creature, an animate being -- ಪ್ರಾಣಿ/ ಜಂತು '''जत्था''' -- a band, gang, flock -- ಗುಂಪ್/ ಸಮೂಹ, ಕೂಟ್ '''जद्दोजहद''' -- struggle, hard endeavour, encounter -- ಒದ್ದಾಡುವೊ/ ಎದ್‌ಮುಟ್ಟುವೊ. '''जन''' -- people, public, folk -- ಜನ/ ಒರ್ ಜನಾಂಗ '''जनक''' -- father, procreator, originator -- ಅಪ್ಪ, ಪುಟ್ಟಿಚಿಟ್ಟಂವೊ. '''जनगणना''' -- census, population count, enumeration -- ಖಾನೆ ಸುಮಾರಿ, ಜನಡ ಲೆಕ್ಕಎಡ್‌ಪ '''जनजागरण''' -- renaissance, popular awaken-ing, reawaking -- ಜನಜಾಗೃತಿ. '''जनजीवन''' -- public life, prominent -- ಜನಜೀವನ/ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾನ '''जनतंत्र''' -- democracy, government by the people, social equality -- ಪ್ರಜಾಪ್ರಭುತ್ವ/ ಜನಡ ಸರ್ಕಾರ. '''जनता''' -- the public, people, masses -- ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕಂಗ, ಜನ ಜನಡ ಗುಂಪು '''जनन''' -- generation, procreation, production -- ಕರ್ಂದಲೆ, ಸಂತಾನ ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿ. '''जनना''' -- to produce, to give birth, to bear -- ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿ ಮಾಡ್/ ಪುಟ್ಟ್ ಚಿಡುವೊ '''जननी''' -- mother -- ಅವ್ವ, ಪೆತ್ತವ್ವ '''जनपद''' -- rural region, country life, unsophisticated -- ನಾಡ್, ನಾಡ್ ಜೀವನ. '''जनप्रिय''' -- popular, current, favourite -- ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ, ಇಷ್ಟ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಜನ ಮೆಚ್ಚ್‌ನದ್. '''जनमत''' -- public opinion, public trend -- ಜನಡ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''जनशक्ति''' -- public power, manpower, democracy -- ಜನಾಧಿಕಾರ '''जनसंख्या''' -- population, demography -- ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ '''जनसंग्रह''' -- referendum, plebiscite, a vote on measure -- ಜನಾಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''जनसमाज''' -- community at large, group of the people -- ಜನಡ ಗುಂಪು '''जनहित''' -- public welfare, welfare work -- ಜನಡ ನಲ್ಲರಿಮೆ '''जनहीन''' -- desolate, uninhabited, lonely -- ಜನವಾಸ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''जना''' -- produced, procreated, generated -- ಉತ್ಪಾದಿಚಿಡುವ '''जनाना''' -- female, feminine, impotent -- ಪೂಣ್ಣಾಳ್, ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಜಾತಿ '''जनाब''' -- mister, sir, your excellency -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪಕ್ ಕೂಟುವ ಶಬ್ದ '''जनित''' -- produced, giving birth -- ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿಯಾನದ್/ ಪೆರುವ/ ಪರ್‍ಪ '''जन्नत''' -- paradise, heaven, delight -- ಸ್ವರ್ಗ '''जन्म''' -- birth, origin, genesis -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್/ ಆದಿ '''जन्मतिथि''' -- date of birth -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್ ನ ದಿವಸ/ ದಿನ '''जन्मभूमि''' -- mother land, native land -- ಪುಟ್ಟುನ ಊರ್ '''जन्मस्थान''' -- birth place, origin -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್ ನ ಜಾಗ '''जन्मांध''' -- blind since birth, born blind -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್ ಕುರ್‌ಡ '''जन्मोत्तर''' -- post natal, after birth -- ಪೆತ್ತ ಪಿಂಞ '''जन्मोत्सव''' -- birthday, celebration -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್ ನಮ್ಮೆ '''जन्य''' -- born, produced, character stated -- ಪುಟ್ಟವದ್ '''जपना''' -- murmur, prayers, utter quiet prayer -- ತುದಿಪ/ ಜಪ ಮಾಡುವ್ '''जफ़ा''' -- oppression, tyranny, injustice -- ಕಡೆಗಣಿಚಿಡುವ/ ತಾತುವ, ಅನ್ಯಾಯ '''जब''' -- when, time of anything -- ಎಕ್ಕ '''जबतब''' -- sometimes, at whatever time, imminent -- ಓರೊಮ್ಮತೆ '''जबर''' -- strong, huge, mammoth -- ಬಲ್ಯದ್/ ಶಕ್ತಿಕಾರ, ಬಲಾತ್ಕಾರ '''जबरदस्त''' -- strong, powerful, vigorous, violent -- ದುಂಬಾ ಶಕ್ತಿಕಾರ '''जबरना''' -- by force, forcibly, vigor -- ಬಲತ್ಕಾರವಾಯಿತ್ '''जबह''' -- slaughter, murder, butcher -- ಅರ್ಪವು '''जबान''' -- tongue, language, pronounce -- ನಾವು, ಭಾಷೆ '''जबानी''' -- unwritten, verbal, oral -- ಬಾಯಿತಕ್ಕ್ ಲ್ '''जंबूर''' -- large pliers, a condition, unfortunate -- ಪಿರಂಗಿ ಬಲಿಪಗಾಡಿ, ಅದೃಷ್ಟಹೀನ, ಬಲ್ಯ ಇಕ್ಕ್ ಳ '''जब्त''' -- forfeited, confiscated, impounded -- ಬಲ್‌ಚವದ್ '''जमघट''' -- crowded assembly, multitude, mass -- ಜನಡ ಸಭೆ, ದುಂಬ್‌ನ ಸಭೆ '''जमना''' -- to freeze, to solidify, to clot -- ಕುಳ್‌ತಿತ್ ಮರಕೆಟ್ಟುವ, ಕೋಡುವ '''जमा''' -- deposited, collection, accumulation -- ಜತೆಕೂಟ್‌ನದ್, ಕೂಟಿಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''जमाई''' -- a son in law, the husband of one's daughter -- ಮೈಮೋಂ '''जमात''' -- a class, assembly, group -- ಜತೆ ಕೂಡುವ, ಕೂಟ್ '''जमादार''' -- sweeper, head of the group, jamadar -- ಒಡ್‌ಕುವವ '''जमानत''' -- surety, bail, salinity -- ಜಾಮೀನ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''जमाना''' -- time, age, period -- ಸಮಯ/ ಕಾಲ '''जमाल''' -- glory, prettiness, elegance -- ಪಂಡೇತ ಕೀರ್ತಿ, ಕೇಳಿ '''जमाव''' -- assembly, gathering, accumu-lation -- ಗುಂಪು ಕೂಡುವ, ಸಭೆ '''जमींदार''' -- landlord, a land owner, one who owns land -- ಜಮಿನ್ದಾರ '''जमीन''' -- land, earth, ground work -- ಭೂಮಿ '''जमीर''' -- the conscience, inner self -- ಮನಸಾಕ್ಷಿ '''जम्हाना''' -- to yawn -- ಆವಳಿಚಿರುವ '''जय''' -- conquest, victory, triumph -- ಗೆಲ್ಲುವ '''जय पराजय''' -- victory and defeat, success and conquest -- ಗೆಲ್ಲುವದ್ - ಚೋಪದ್ '''जयकार''' -- applause, victory -- ಚಪ್ಪಾಳೆ ತಟ್ಟುವೊ, ಜಯಕಾರ '''जयंती''' -- birth, anniversary, jubilee -- ವರ್ಧಂತಿ/ ಪುಟ್ಟನ ದಿನ '''जयी''' -- winner, victorious, a conqueror -- ಗೆದ್ದಂವ '''जर''' -- wealth, riches, gold -- ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯ, ಸಂಪತ್ತ್ '''जरब''' -- trauma, blow, stroke -- ಪೊಯ್ತ್, ಗಾಯ '''जरा''' -- old age, the last period of human life -- ಬಯತ್ ಕಾಲ '''जरा''' -- little, a bit, slight -- ಚನ್ನ '''जरायमपेशा''' -- criminal, criminal profession -- ಅಪರಾಧಿ '''जरासीम''' -- germs, bio-genesis, micro-organisms -- ಕ್ರಿಮಿ '''जरिया''' -- means, medium, instrument -- ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ, ಮುಖಾಂತರ '''जरीब''' -- a land measuring chain -- ಸರ್ವೆ ಸರಪಣಿ '''जरूर''' -- certainly, undoubtedly, positively -- ಖಂಡಿತವಾಯಿತ್ '''जरूरत''' -- necessity, importance, need -- ಅಗತ್ಯವಾನದ್ '''जरूरी''' -- important, necessary, needful -- ಅವಶ್ಯ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''जर्कबर्क''' -- brilliant, gaudy, brilliancy -- ಬಾರಿ ಬುದ್ದಿವಂತ, ಮಿನ್ನುವದ್ '''जर्जर''' -- decrepit, worn out, crushed -- ಕ್ಷೀಣ ಆನದ್, ತಳಂದದ್ '''जर्द''' -- pale, yellow, to become anemic -- ಬೊಳ್ತ್ ಪೋಪ, ಚೋರೆ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಆಯಿತ್ ಮೇಲ್ ಮಂಜ ಆಪ '''जल''' -- water, aqua, hydro -- ನೀರ್ '''जलचर''' -- aquatic, pertaining to water, growing in water -- ಜಲಚರ '''जलजला''' -- an earthquake, tremor, shock -- ಭೂಮಿ ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪ '''जलन''' -- burning sensation, jealousy, envy -- ಉರಿಯಾಪ, ಹೊಟ್ಟೆಕಿಚ್ಚ್ '''जलना''' -- to burn, to be inflamed, kindled -- ಉರಿಯೋ, ಬೆಂಜಿಪೋಪದ್ '''जलपान''' -- light refreshment, breakfast, morning meal -- ತಿಂಡಿ/ ತೀನಿ '''जलवायु''' -- climate, atmosphere, temperature -- ಹವೆ '''जलस''' -- a meeting, function, festivity -- ಸಭೆ ನಡತುವೊ '''जलसर्वेक्षण''' -- water survey -- ನೀರ್ ಉಳ್ಳಾನ ಸರ್ವೆಮಾಡುವ '''जलाना''' -- to light, to burn, to kindle -- ತಿತ್ತ್ ಕತ್ತ್ ಚಿರುವ, ಚುಡುವ '''जलार्णव''' -- an ocean -- ಸಾಗರ '''जलाल''' -- glory, splendour, awe -- ಕೇಳಿ, ವೈಭವ '''जलालत''' -- meanness, disgrace, thankless -- ಕೇಳ್‌ತರ, ಚಿಲ್ಲರೆ ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''जलावत''' -- exile, exiled, evict -- ಪೊರಮ ಇಡುವ, ದವುತಂವ '''जलावन''' -- fuel, ammunition, impetus -- ಪುಳ್ಳಿ, ಇಂದನ '''जलावर्त''' -- a whirlpool, water in swift, circular motion -- ಸುಳಿ, ನೀರ್‌ರ ಸುಳಿ '''जलाशय''' -- a reservoir, store, pool -- ಕೊಳ, ಸರೋವರ '''जलील''' -- insulted, disgraced, contemptible -- ಅವಮಾನ ಆನದ್ '''जलूस''' -- a procession, act of coming forth from a scarle -- ಮೆರವಣಿಗೆ '''जलेबी''' -- a kind of sweet meat -- ಜಿಲೇಬಿ '''जलोदर''' -- dropsy, ascites, edema -- ಕೆಲತ್‌ಲ್ ನೀರ್ ದುಂಬಿಯವದ್ '''जल्द''' -- quickly, swiftly, hurriedly -- ಬೆರಿಯ, ಬೆರಿಯ - ಬೆರಿಯ, ಅವಸರತ್ '''जल्दी''' -- hurry, haste, urgently -- ಚುರ್‌ಕತ್, ಅಲ್ಂಬಲ್‌ಲ್ '''जल्प''' -- sophistry, subtle, tricky -- ತರ್ಕ, ವಾದ '''जल्लाद''' -- a slaughterer, butcher, merci-less -- ಕೊಲ್ಲುವಂವ, ಪ್ರಾಣಿಯಳ ಅರಪಂವ '''जवाँ''' -- young, youthful, growing -- ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ, ಚೆರಿಯ ವಯಸ್ಸ್ ರ '''जवान''' -- young, youth, immature -- ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ '''जवाब''' -- reply, answer, response -- ಉತ್ತರ, ಜವಾಬ್ '''जवाबदेह''' -- responsible, answerable, accountable -- ಜವಬ್ದಾರ '''जवाबी''' -- counter, reply, rejoinder -- ಮರುತ್ತರ '''जशन''' -- festivity, merriment, festive cele-bration -- ನಮ್ಮೆ '''जहन्नुम''' -- the hell, inferno, furnace -- ನರಕ '''जहमत''' -- trouble, botheration, confuse -- ತೊಂದರೆ '''जहर''' -- poison, venom, disagreeable -- ವಿಷ '''जहाज''' -- ship, navigation -- ಹಡ್‌ಗ್ '''जहान''' -- the world, the people, earth -- ಪ್ರಪಂಚ, ಜನ, ಭೂಮಿ '''जहालत''' -- illiteracy, incivility, boori-shness -- ಎಳ್ತ್ ಪಡಿಕತ '''जहीन''' -- sharp, intelligent, vigour -- ಚುರ್‌ಕ್‌ರ / ಉಸಾರುಳ್ಳವು '''जहेज''' -- dowry, endowment, talent -- ಮೂಡಿರ ಕಡೆಕಾರ, ಕ್‌ಣ್ಣಂಗ್ ಕೊಡಪ ಪಣ, ವರದಕ್ಷಿಣೆ '''जा-बेजा''' -- indiscriminate, proper and improper, good and bad -- ಬೇದಬಾವ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ, ನಲ್ಲದ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟದ್ '''जाकड़''' -- an approval, approbation, sanction -- ಕೈಸಾಲ, ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ '''जागतिक''' -- worldly, earthly, mundane -- ಎಚ್ಚರಪಡತುವ, ಎಚ್ಚರತಿಪ್ಪ '''जागना''' -- to rise, to wake up, to be alert -- ಎಚ್ಚರತಿಪ್ಪ '''जागरण''' -- awakening, wakefulness, vigil -- ಜಾಗರಣೆ '''जागरित''' -- awakened, risen, waken -- ಎಚ್ಚರಾ ನ, ಎದ್ದಂವ '''जागरूक''' -- alert, vigilant, wakeful -- ಎಚ್ಚರತಿಪ್ಪಂವ '''जाँगलू''' -- incivil, boorish, rustic, wild -- ನಾಗರೀಕತೆ ಇಲ್ಲತವೂ/ ಕಾಡ್ ಜನ '''जागीर''' -- employment, landed property, trade -- ಉದ್ಯೋಗ, ಆಸ್ತಿ ಪಾಸ್ತಿ '''जाँघ''' -- a thigh, lower limb of the human body, femoral region -- ತೊಡೆ '''जाँघिया''' -- a lower underwear, short drawers -- ಚಡ್ಡಿ, ಕಾಚ '''जाँच''' -- investigation, examination, test -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪ '''जाँचना''' -- investigation, to verify, to examine -- ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಾಡವ, ಪತ್ತೆಮಾಡುವ '''जाँचा''' -- examined, tested, measured -- ಅಳತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ, ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ '''जाजवल्यमान''' -- shining, resplendent, refulgent -- ಮಿನ್ನುವ '''जाड़ा''' -- cold, winter, frigid -- ಕುಳ್‌ರ್, ಕೋಟಗಾಲ '''जात''' -- self, person, individual, individuality -- ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ, ತಡಿ '''जात''' -- born, manifest, possessing from birth the quality -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್ ಗುಣ, ಪುಟ್ಟ್ ನ '''जांतव''' -- pertaining, relating to, born of -- ಆಂಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟಂತ '''जाँता''' -- quern, stone hand mill, a primitive -- ಬೀಜುವ ಕಲ್ಲ್ '''जाति''' -- caste, community -- ಜಾತಿ, ಜನಾಂಗ '''जादू''' -- magic, juggling, charm -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕಟ್ಟುವ ವಿದ್ಯ '''जादूगर''' -- a magician, juggler, sorcerer -- ಮಂತ್ರ ಮಾಡುವಂವ / ಮಂತ್ರಗಾರ, ಜಾದುಗಾರ '''जान''' -- life, animation, stamina, vitality -- ಜಿಂವ, ಶಕ್ತಿ '''जानकार''' -- knowing, knowledgeable, conver- sant -- ಗೊತ್ತುಳ್ಳ, ಗೊತ್ತುಳ್ಳಂತ/ ಪ್‌ಡಿಪುಳ್ಳ, ಅರ್ಂಜವ '''जानना''' -- to know, to be aware of, to perceive -- ಅರ್ಂಜವ '''जानपद''' -- pertaining, belonging to, or related to -- ಸಮ್ಮಂದ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''जानपहचान''' -- acquaintance, associate, companion -- ಜತೆಕಾರ/ ಕೂಟ್‌ಕಾರ '''जानवर''' -- an animal, beast, figuratively -- ಕಾಡ್ ಜಾತಿ, ಪ್ರಾಣಿ '''जाना''' -- to go, to depart, to loose -- ಕಳಂದವೊ, ಪೋಪ '''जानिब''' -- side, direction, lesser -- ಬರಿ/ ದಿಕ್ಕ್ '''जापा''' -- delivery, child birth, surrender -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್ ವದ್, ಪೆರಿಗೆ '''जाबता''' -- rule, regulation, disposition -- ಕಾನೂನ್ '''जाम''' -- jammed, a peg, an occasion -- ತಡೆ ಆಪದ್/ ತಡೆ, ಕಳ್ಳ್ ಕುಡಿಪ ಕಪ್ಪ್, ಓರ್ ಸಂದರ್ಬ '''जामदानी''' -- a kind of flower, woven fibre, cloth -- ನೆಜ್ಜ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಓರ್ ಜಾತಿ ಪೂ '''जामाता''' -- son-in-law, a daughter's husband -- ಮೈಮ, ಮೋವಡ ವಡಿಯ '''जामिन''' -- a surety, guarantor, obligation -- ಜಾಮೀನ್ '''जायक़ा''' -- taste, relish, flavor, inclination -- ರಸ / ಚೋದ್ '''जायज''' -- suitable, proper, legitimate -- ಸರಿಯಾನ '''जायद''' -- extra, additional, excess -- ಜಾಸ್ತಿ '''जायदाद''' -- chattels, property, belong-ings -- ಸ್ವಂತ ಆಸ್ತಿ, ಚರಾಸ್ತಿ '''जाया''' -- waste, ruined, destruction -- ಪಾಳ್, ನಾಶ ಆನದ್ '''जाया''' -- spouse, wife, born (of) -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್, ಪುಟ್ಟ್ ನದ್ '''जार''' -- an adulterer, a paramour, of a married person -- ವ್ಯಭಿಚಾರಿ, ಪುಲಿಯಾಡಿ '''जारी''' -- continued, current, running, issued, inforce -- ಒಕ್ಕುವದ್ ಆಯಂಡುಳ್ಳದ್ '''जाल''' -- a net, network, mesh -- ಬಲೆ '''जालक''' -- a plexus, lattice, trellis -- ಬಲೆ ನೆಯ್ಯುವ, ತಡಿಲುಳ್ಳ ನೆರುರಬಲೆ '''जाला''' -- cobweb, net, fake -- ಕೋಲೆ ಬಲೆ, ಎಟ್ಟ್ಂಗಾಲ ನೆಜ್ಜಬಲೆ, (ಜೇಡಬಲೆ) '''जालिम''' -- cruel, atrocious, tyrannical -- ಕ್ರೂರ, ದುಷ್ಟ '''जालिया''' -- net, trap, capture -- ಕೆಣಿ, ಬೋನ್ '''जासूस''' -- a spy, detective, intelli-gence -- ಪತ್ತೇದಾರ, ಗೂಡಾಚಾರ '''जाहिर''' -- apparent, obvious, evident -- ಕಾಂಬಂತದ್ '''जाहिल''' -- illiterate, uncivil, boorish -- ವಿದ್ಯೆ ಇಲ್ಲತವೂ/ ಮುಟ್ಟಾಳ '''जिक्र''' -- mention, reference, allude -- ಉಲ್ಲೇಚಿಡುವ, ಎಣ್ಣುವ, ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪ '''जिगर''' -- liver, head, courage -- ಧೈರ್ಯ/ ತೂಂಬೆ '''जिगरी''' -- pertaining to the liver, volevea, precious -- ತೊಂಬೆಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''जिज्ञासा''' -- curiosity, inquisitiveness, spirit of learning -- ಅರ್ಂಜವ ಆತುರ, ಬೇರ ಅರಿವ '''जिज्ञासु''' -- curious, inquisitive, willing to learn -- ಅರಿಯುವಂತ ಆಸೆ '''जिठानी''' -- husband's elder brother's wife -- ವಡಿಯಂಡ ಪೆರಿಯ ಅಣ್ಣಂಡ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್, ಬಾವಂಡ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಅಕ್ಕ. '''जितना''' -- as much as, as many, sundry -- ಆಪಚ್ಯಕ್, ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟುವಚ್ಚಕ್ '''जितात्मा''' -- in full control of oneself, a self-conqueror, vanquisher -- ಗಟ್ಟಿ ಮನಸ, ಮನಸ್ಸ್ ನ ಗೆದ್ದಂವ '''जिताना''' -- conquest, victory, to win -- ಗೆದ್ದವ/ ಗೆಲವು, ಜಯಪಡೆವ '''जितेन्द्रिय''' -- in full control of one's senses -- ಮನಸ್ಸ್ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣ ಮಾಡುವವು, ಇಂದ್ರಿಯತ್‌ನ ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚಂವ '''जिद''' -- obstinacy, stubbornness, insistence -- ಹಠ '''जिंदगानी''' -- life, liveliness, vivacity -- ಜೀವನ, ಬಾಳ್, ಕುಸಿರಬದ್‌ಕ್ '''जिंदगी''' -- life, liveliness, vigour -- ಶಕ್ತಿವುಳ್ಳವ, ಬಾಳ್ '''जिंदा''' -- alive, living, not dead -- ಬದ್‌ಕಿತುಳ್ಳ '''जिद्दी''' -- obstinate, stubborn, inflexible -- ಹಠಮಾರಿ '''जिधर''' -- where ever, in which ever direction, to whatever place -- ಎಲ್ಲಲ್ಲಿಯೂ, ಎಲ್ಲಿಯಾಚೆಂಗಿಯೂ '''जिना''' -- adult, mature, fully grown -- ಬಯತ್‌ಕ್ ಬಂದವು '''जिम्मा''' -- responsibility, charge, obligation -- ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ '''जियाफत''' -- a feast, banquet, with an abundance of food -- ಗದ್ದಾಳತ್‌ರ ಊಟ '''जिरह''' -- cross examination, cross questioning, cross verification -- ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ ಮಾಡುವ, ತಿರ್‌ಕಿ ಮರ್‌ಚಿ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಕೇಪ '''जिरहबकतर''' -- armour, defense against weapons -- ಪಡೆಕವಚ '''जिला''' -- district, a region, locality -- ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ '''जिलाधीस''' -- district magistrate -- ಜಿಲ್ಲಾ ದಂಡಾಧಿಕಾರಿ '''जिलाना''' -- to bring to life, to revive, to restore to life -- ಬದ್‌ಕಿಚಿಡುವೊ '''जिल्द''' -- binding cover -- ರಟ್ಟ್, ಪುಸ್ತಕತ್‌ರ ರಟ್ಟ್ '''जिल्लत''' -- humiliation, insult, offend -- ಹೀಯಾಳಿಚಿಡುವ, ಪರಿಕೇಡ್ '''जिंस''' -- commodity, cereals, grains -- ಕಾಳ್‌ಕಡ್ಡಿ '''जिस्म''' -- body, physique, corpse -- ತಡಿ '''जिस्मानी''' -- physical, bodily, cadaver -- ತಡಿಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''जी''' -- mind, heart, intellect -- ಮನಸ್ಸ್ '''जीजा''' -- elder sister's husband -- ಬಾವ, ಅಕ್ಕಂಡ ವಡಿಯ '''जीजी''' -- elder sister -- ಪೆರಿಯ ಅಕ್ಕ '''जीट''' -- boasting, bragging, vocal self praise -- ಬಡಾಯಿ ಕೊಚ್ಚುವೊ '''जीत''' -- victory, success, to win -- ಗೆಲ್ಲ್‌ವು '''जीतना''' -- to win, to conquer, to master -- ಗೆಲ್ಲುವ '''जीता''' -- alive, living, won -- ಬದ್ ಕಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''जीना''' -- to live, to be alive, active -- ಬದಕುವ '''जीबा''' -- the tongue, lingua, pronounce -- ನಾವು '''जीभ''' -- tongue, lingua, ladder -- ನಾವು/ ಏಣಿ '''जीभी''' -- tongue cleaner -- ನಾವು ತೊಡಪ್ಪದ್ '''जीमना''' -- to feast, to fare sumptuously -- ಗದ್ದಾಳತರ ಊಟ '''जीरा''' -- cumin seed, chipping -- ಜೀರಿಗೆ '''जीर्ण''' -- time-worn, decayed, decrepit, old, chronic -- ಪಾಳಾನದ್/ ಕೀಂಜದ್ '''जीर्णोद्धार''' -- resurrection, renovation, revival -- ಪುನಃಕಟ್ಟ್ ದ್ '''जीव''' -- creature, living being -- ಜಿಂವಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''जीवट''' -- courage, spirit, adventure -- ಧೈರ್ಯ '''जीवंत''' -- lively, living, animated -- ಬದ್ ಕಿಯಂಡುಳ್ಳದ್, ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಲ್ ಇಪ್ಪದ್ '''जीवन''' -- life, animation, existence -- ಬದ್‌ಕ್ '''जीवनी''' -- biography -- ಜೀವನ ಕತೆ '''जीवन्मृत''' -- living dead -- ಬದಕಿತ್ ಚತ್ತನೆಕೆ '''जीवाणु''' -- bacteria, microbe -- ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯ '''जीवाधार''' -- vitals, basis of life -- ಜೀಂವ ಸತ್ವ, ಬದ್ ಕ್ ಕ್ ಬೋಂಡಿಯದ್ '''जीविका''' -- livelihood, subsistence -- ಬದ್‌ಕುವ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''जीवित''' -- alive, living, essence -- ಬದ್‌ಕಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''जुआ''' -- gambling, yoke -- ಜೂಜ್, ನೊಗ '''जुआर''' -- combatant, warrior, solider -- ಪಡೆಬೀರ '''जुआरी''' -- gambler, flyer, venture -- ಜೂಜಿಕೋರ '''जुकाम''' -- cold, frigid, frozen -- ದುಂಬಾ ತಣಿಂಜದ್, ಕುಳ್ ರ್ ಲ್ ಕೋಡಿಪೋನದ್ '''जुग''' -- defiled by eating -- ತಿಂದಿತ್ ಪಾಳಾಕ್ ನದ್ '''जुग''' -- century, a period of 100 years -- ನೂರ್ ಕಾಲ, ಯುಗ '''जुगनू''' -- a fire fly, glow worm -- ಮಿನ್ನಂಬುಳು '''जुगल''' -- couple, dating couple -- ದಂಪತಿಯ '''जुगलबंदी''' -- a duet -- ದಂಡಾಳ್‌ಕೂಡತ್ ಪಾಡವ ಪಾಟ್ '''जुगाड़''' -- way, device, measure -- ಕ್ರಮ/ ರೀತಿ '''जुगाल''' -- a cud -- ಅತ್ತ ಮೇಚಿಕರ್ಕುವೊ '''जुगुप्सा''' -- discount, intense aversion, sicken -- ಬೋಂಡತಿಪ್ಪದ್, ಬುಡ್ಂಜಿ ಪೋಪ '''जुझना''' -- to fight hard, to die by fighting -- ಪೂತ್ತಿತ್ ಚಾವೊ, ಭಾರೀ ಪಡೆಪೊಪ್ಪ '''जुट''' -- pair, batch, group -- ಗುಂಪ್, ಜೊತೆ '''जुटना''' -- to be engaged -- ಸಮ್ಮಂದ ಬೊಳತುವ, ಪತ್ತಿಯವ '''जुटाना''' -- to gather, to procure, to collect -- ಆಯುವೊ '''जुड़ना''' -- to be attached, enclosed, to connect -- ಅಂಟಿಚಿಡುವೊ '''जुड़वाँ''' -- twin, twins -- (ಅವಳಿ) ಎಣೆಮಕ್ಕ '''जुताई''' -- the act or process of operation -- ಕತ್ತರಿಚಿಡುವ '''जुदा''' -- separate, disunited, sunder -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''जुनून''' -- craziness, madness, insanity -- ಪುಚ್ಚಿ/ ಪಿರಾಂದ್ '''जुन्हाई''' -- the moonlight -- ನೆಲ್ಚಿ '''जुमा''' -- friday, sixth day of the week -- ಬೊಳ್ಯಾಚೆ '''जुर्म''' -- crime, offence, tort -- ತಪ್ಪು ಕೆಲಸ, ಅಪರಾಧ '''जुर्माना''' -- fine, penalty, consummate -- ತಪ್ಪುಡುವ, ತಪ್ಪುಪಣ '''जुलाइ''' -- the month of july -- ಜುಲೈ ತಿಂಗ '''जुलाहा''' -- weaver -- ನೇಕಾರ / ನೆಯ್ಯುವವೊ '''जुलूस''' -- procession -- ಮೆರವಣಿಗೆ '''जुल्फ़''' -- lock of hair -- ತಲಮಿ, ಜಡೆ '''जुल्म''' -- oppression, tyranny, persecution -- ತಾತುವ/ ಜನಳ ತಾತುವ, ಅನ್ಯಾಯ, ಅತ್ಯಾಚಾರ '''जुहार''' -- a typical term of salutation -- ಒರ್ ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ ಕೂಡಪ್ಪ ಕ್ರಮ '''जूँ''' -- a louse -- ಪೇನ್ '''जूड़ी''' -- ague, malarial fever -- ಮಲೇರಿಯ ಪನಿ, ಮಾರಪನಿ '''जूता''' -- a shoe, footwear, slippers -- ಎಕ್ಕಡ/ ಕಾಮೊಟ್ಟ್ '''जूती''' -- a typical light shoe -- ತೂವೆ ಎಕ್ಕಡ '''जून''' -- the month of june -- ಜೂನ್ ತಿಂಗ '''जूरी''' -- jury -- ತೀರ್ಪು ತಪ್ಪುವು, ನ್ಯಾಯಾಧೀಶ '''जेल''' -- prison, jail -- ಜೈಲ್ '''जेलर''' -- jailor -- ಜೈಲರ್ '''जेवर''' -- ornament -- ಮಾಲ್ ಮಟ '''जेहन''' -- memory, intellect, commonsense -- ಗೇನ, ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''जैव''' -- biological -- ಜೀಂವಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''जैसा''' -- similar to, like -- ಓರೇ ರೀತಿಲ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಅದ್ ನೆನ್ನಕೇ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''जैसे''' -- as, as if -- ರೀತಿಲ್, ಅದೇ ಪ್ರಕಾರ '''जो''' -- which, who, what, that -- ಎಂತದ್, ದಾರ್ ಅದ್, ಏದ್ '''जोंक''' -- a leech, (fig) blood sucker -- ಉಂಬುಳ್ '''जोख''' -- it means weighing -- ತೂಕುವ ಸಾಧನ, ತೂಕ '''जोखिम''' -- risk, danger, endanger -- ಅಪಾಯ/ ತೊಂದರೆ '''जोगिन''' -- a female ascetic, recluse, strict -- ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿನಿ '''जोगिया''' -- saffron -- ಕೇಸರಿ, ಕಾವಿರಂಗ್ '''जोगी''' -- an ascetic -- ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ/ ಜೋಯಿ '''जोड़''' -- sum, total, addition, union -- ಒಟ್ಟಾರೆ,ಕೂಟುವ '''जोड़ना''' -- to add, to sum up -- ಒಟ್ರಾಸಿ, ಕೂಟುವ '''जोड़ा''' -- a pair, couple, suit -- ಒರ್ ಜೊತೆ/ ಜೋಡಿ '''जोत''' -- tillage, holding, flame -- ದೂಂದಿ/ಪೂತ್ತೆ, ಸಾಗೋಳಿಭೂಮಿ '''जोतना''' -- to plough, to till -- ಉಪ್ಪದ್ '''जोबन''' -- blooming youth -- ಬೊಳ್ಳಂದಂದುಳ್ಳ ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ '''जोम''' -- fervour, vigour, zeal -- ಪುರ್‌ಡ್ '''जोर''' -- strength, force, power, stress -- ಬಲ, ಶಕ್ತಿ '''जोरू''' -- wife -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''जोश''' -- enthusiasm, excitement, ambition -- ಪುರ್‌ಡ್/ಆಸೆ '''जोशीला''' -- spirited, enthusiastic, zealous, vigorous -- ಆಸಕ್ತಿಯಯುಳ್ಳಂತವು '''जोहना''' -- to await, to look for -- ಪಾರಕಾಪದ್ '''ज्ञात''' -- known, comprehended -- ಗೊತುಳ್ಳದ್/ ಅರ್ಂಜದ್ '''ज्ञातव्य''' -- knowable -- ಗೊತ್ತುಳ್ಳದ್/ ಅರಿವಿಕೆಯುಳ್ಳದ್ '''ज्ञाता''' -- scholar, learned, much knowledge -- ಬುದ್ದಿವಂತ/ ಪಡ್‌ಚವು '''ज्ञान''' -- knowledge, learning -- ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆ/ ಅರಿವಿಕೆ '''ज्ञानी''' -- wise, learned, knowledgeable -- ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆಯುಳ್ಳವು/ ಪಡಿಪುಕಾರ '''ज्ञानोदय''' -- the advent, onset, beginning -- ಅರಿವಿಕೆ ಬಪ್ಪ '''ज्ञापक''' -- memo, informant, informative, indicative -- ಗೇನ ಬಪ್ಪಿಚಿಡುವೋ '''ज्ञापन''' -- memorandum, informal message, informing -- ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆ ಕೊಡಪೊ '''ज्ञेय''' -- knowable, worth knowing, capable -- ಅರಿಂಜವ ಶಕ್ತಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''ज्यादती''' -- excess, high handedness -- ಉಡಾಪೆ ಮಾಡುವ, ಕೂಟಾಕತೆಕಳಿಪ '''ज्यादा''' -- more, many, much, plenty -- ದುಂಬಾ, ಜಾಸ್ತಿ '''ज्येष्ठ''' -- the eldest, oldest -- ಪೆರಿಯವ '''ज्यों''' -- as, as if -- ರೀತಿಲ್, ಎನ್ನನೆ ಎಣ್ಣ್ ನಕ '''ज्योति''' -- light, flame, luster -- ತಿತ್ತ್ ರ ಬೊಳಿ '''ज्योतिर्मय''' -- resplendent, luminous, lucid -- ಮಿನ್ನುವಂತದ್ '''ज्योतिष''' -- astrology -- ಬಹುಸ್ ಎಣ್ಣುವ ವಿದ್ಯೆ '''ज्योतिषी''' -- astrologer -- ಬಹುಶ್ ಎಣ್ಣುವವ, ಕಣಿಯ '''ज्योत्स्ना''' -- moon light -- ನೆಲ್ಚಿ ಬೊಳಿ '''ज्वर''' -- fever -- ಪನಿ '''ज्वलंत''' -- blazing, burning -- ಕತ್ತುವೊ '''ज्वलन''' -- inflammation -- ಕತ್ತುವಂತದ್ '''ज्वलित''' -- inflamed, burnt -- ಚುಟ್ಟದ್, ಬೆಂಜದ್ '''ज्वाला''' -- flame, blaze -- ತಿತ್ತ್ ರ ಉರಿ '''ज्वालामुखी''' -- a volcano -- ತಿತ್ತ್ ಕಾರುವೊ, ಜ್ವಾಲಾಮುಖಿ '''झ''' -- the fourth letter of the second pentad of the devanagari -- ಚವರ್ಗತ್ ರ ನಾಲನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ 'ಝ' '''झक''' -- a whim, craze, clean -- ಓರ್ ತರಪಿರಾಂದ್, ಮಿನ್ನುವದ್ '''झकझक''' -- wrangling, haggling, altercation -- ಜಗಳಾಡುವೊ, ಹರಟೆ '''झकझोरना''' -- to shake, to shake off, jerk violently -- ಕುಲ್ ಕುವೊ '''झंकाड''' -- less thick thorny bush, thorne bush -- ಮುಳ್ಳ್ ಪೊದೆ, ಕೊಚ್ಚೆಕಾಡ್ '''झंकार''' -- tinkling, jingling, music -- ಟಿಣ್ ಟಿಣ್ ಸದ್ದ್ ಆನದ್ '''झंकारना''' -- to produce tinkling, clinking sound, jingling -- ಟಿಣ್ ಟಿಣ್ ಸದ್ದ್ ಮಾಡುವದ್ '''झंकृत''' -- tinkled, jingled, clinked -- ಟಿಣ್ ಟಿಣ್ ಸದ್ದ್ '''झकोर''' -- a blast, gust, whiff -- ರಭಸತ್ ನುಗ್ಗುವ, ಪೊಟ್ಟುವ '''झक्कड़''' -- a storm, hurricane, cyclonic -- ಬಿರ್‍ಗಾಳಿ '''झक्की''' -- crazy, whimsical, wacky -- ಪಿರಾಂದ್ '''झख''' -- a fish, craze, whim -- ಪಿರಾಂದ್/ ಪುಚ್ಚ, ಒರ್‌ಬರಿಕ್ ವಿಪರೀತ ಪುರ್‌ಡ್ '''झगड़ना''' -- to quarrel, to altercate, to scramble -- ಜಗಳಾಡುವ '''झगड़ा''' -- a quarrel, dispute, scramble -- ತಕರಾರ್, ಜಗಳ '''झगड़ालू''' -- quarrelsome, disputatious, pugnacious -- ಜಗಳಗಂಟ '''झंझट''' -- botheration, trouble, mess -- ತೊಂದರೆ, ಗಲಿ ಬಿಲಿ ಮಾಡುವ '''झंझा''' -- a gale, storm, strong wind -- ಬಿರ್‌ಗಾಳಿ '''झट''' -- instantly, at once, forth with -- ತಕ್ಷಣ/ ವಡನೆ/ ಬೆರಿಯ, ಒಮ್ಮಕೆ '''झटकना''' -- to jerk off, to twitch, to snatch, to extort, to obtain by force -- ಬಲ್ ಚವ '''झटका''' -- a jerk, jolt, shock -- ತೆರಿಪ '''झटकारना''' -- to twitch, jump, leap -- ಪಾರುವೊ, ತೆರ್ ಪ್ ಚಿರುವ '''झटपट''' -- instantaneously, quickly, promptly -- ತಕ್ಷಣ, ಒಮ್ಮಕೆ '''झड़ना''' -- to be shed off, a single slope, penthouse -- ಇಳಿಜಾರಾನ ಮಾಡಿ, ಒಲಿಪ (ಉದ್ ರ್ ಚಿರುವ) '''झड़प''' -- a skirmish, combat -- ಪಡೆ ಪೊಪ್ಪ '''झंडा''' -- banner, flag, standard -- ಬಾವುಟ, ಕೊಡಿ, ಓಜ '''झड़ी''' -- incessant down pour, nonstop shower -- ಜಡಿಮಳೆ '''झनक''' -- tinkling, clinking, ringing sound -- ಟಿಣಿ, ಟಿಣಿ ಸದ್ದ್ '''झनझनाना''' -- to be benumbed or cramped, to make torpid, insensible -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತವ, ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆಇಲ್ಲತವು, ನೆರೆಪುಡ್‌ಚವ, ತರ್ ಚ್ಚೋಪ '''झनझनाहट''' -- a sharp sensation of numbers -- ಝಣಝಣಸದ್ದ್ '''झपकना''' -- to blink, to wink, to twinkle -- ಮಿನ್ನುವ, ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಸನ್ನೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''झपकी''' -- a nap, short sleep, blink -- ಚುಟ್‌ಕ್ ವರ್‍ಕ್, ಕೋಳಿವರಕ್ '''झपटना''' -- to make a sudden swoop -- ತಕ್ಷಣ ಮೇಲೆ ಬೂವೊ '''झपट्टा''' -- a swoop, pounce -- ಪಾರಿಬಂದ್ ಮೇಲೆ ಬೂವ '''झँपना''' -- to be closed, to cover, to conceal -- ಮುಚ್ಚಿಬೆಪ್ಪ '''झपेट''' -- range, stroke, swoop -- ಪೊಯ್ಯುವೊ, ಮೇಲೆ ಬುದ್ದಿತ್ ಅಡಕುವ '''झबरा''' -- shaggy, having wildly abundant hair all over -- ಮೇಲೆ ತುಂಬ ತಲಮಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''झमकना''' -- to flounce, to make an agitated -- ದಡಬಡ ಸದ್ದ್ ಮಾಡಿಯಂಡ್ ನಡಪ '''झमेला''' -- botheration -- ಜಗಳ, ತೊಂದರೆ '''झरना''' -- a spring, cladode -- ನೀರ್ ತುಳಿತುಳಿಯಾಯಿತ್ ಬೂವ '''झरोखा''' -- an arid, a window -- ಕ್‌ಡ್‌ಕೆ '''झलक''' -- a glimpse, semblance, aspect -- ದೃಷ್ಟಿ, ಪ್ರಕಾಶ '''झलकना''' -- to show up, to glitter, to sparkle, to glare -- ಮಿನ್ನುವದ್ '''झलमल''' -- glitter, gleam, sparkly -- ಮಿನ್ನುವ '''झल्लाना''' -- to shout peevishly, to be irritated -- ಕಿರಿಕಿರಿಯಾಯಿತ್ ಕೂತ್‌ಡುವೊ '''झाँई''' -- a shadow, reflection, darkness -- ನಳ '''झाँकना''' -- to peep in or out -- ಒಳ್ಚಿ ನೋಟುವೊ '''झाग''' -- foam, lather, scum -- ನೊರೆ, ನೆರೆ '''झाड़''' -- bush, small tree -- ಪೊದೆ, ಚೆರಿಯ ಮರ '''झाड़ना''' -- a duster, whisk, sweeping -- ಒಡುಕುವೊ '''झाड़ू''' -- a broom, besom, brush -- ಚೀಪೆ '''झापड़''' -- a full-blooded slap -- ಚೋರೆ ಬಪ್ಪನೆಕೆ ಪೊಯ್ಯುವೊ '''झाँपना''' -- to cover, to shade, gloom -- ಮುಚ್ಚುವೊ '''झाल''' -- a solder -- ಜೋಡಿಚಿಡವೂ/ ಲೋಹದ ಜೋಡಣೆ, ಬೆಸಗೆ '''झालना''' -- to solder, to weld, to unite things -- ಲೋಹತರ ಜೋಡಣೆ, ಬೆಸಗೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''झाला''' -- a rhythmic pattern, of instrumental music -- ವಾದ್ಯ ಸಂಗೀತ '''झाँसा''' -- wheedling, hoodwinking -- ಮೋಸ ಕಪಟ '''झिझक''' -- hesitation, hitch, attach -- ಮಿಞ್ಞ, ಬಯ್ಯ ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಸಂಶಯ '''झिंझरी''' -- a lattice, grating -- ತೊರಂಡುವೊ, ಒನಲಿ '''झिल्ली''' -- a membrane, film, mist -- ತಳ್ಳನೆ ತೋಲ್, ಕಣ್ಣ್ ರ ಪರೆ '''झींकना''' -- to repine, to grumble, murmuring -- ಗೊಣಗುವ '''झींगा''' -- prawn -- ಇಟ್ಟಿಮೀನ್ '''झील''' -- lake, water pond -- ಕೊಳ, ಕೆರೆ '''झुकना''' -- to bow, surrender, bend -- ಬಗ್ಗುವೊ '''झुकाना''' -- to bend, comply, capitulate -- ಎಣ್ಣನ್‌ಕೆ ಕೇಪೊ,ಬಗ್ಗ್ ಚಿಡುವ '''झुकाव''' -- inclination, tendency, leaning -- ಇಚ್ಚೆ, ಬಾಂಗುವ '''झुझलाना''' -- to get irritated, provoked, annoyed -- ಚೆಡಿಬಪ್ಪ '''झुठलाना''' -- to give lie, prevarication, falsification -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ್ ಪರೆವೊ, ತಕ್ಕ್ ತಪ್ಪವ '''झुठाई''' -- falsehood, untruth, lie -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ್ '''झुरमुट''' -- a cluster of shrubs -- ಪೊದೆರ ಗುಡ್ಡೆ, ಕೊಚ್ಚೆ '''झूठ''' -- false, untrue, incorrect -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ್/ ನೇರಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''झूठा''' -- false, factitious, fake -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ್ '''झूल''' -- a long loose cloth over cover -- ಕುದರೆ ಎತ್ತಕ್ ಪೊದ್ ಪ್‌ಚಿರುವ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''झूला''' -- cradle, birthplace, well spring -- ತೊಟ್ಟ್ '''झेलना''' -- to bear, uphold, force -- ಸಹಿಸಿಯಾ '''झोंपड़ी''' -- a hut, small cottage, home -- ಗುಡಿಸಲ್ '''झोमक''' -- to resent, to fret -- ವಿರೋಧಿಚಿಡುವೂ/ ಬೆಲ್ಕುವೂ '''झोला''' -- a bag, kit, haversack -- ಚೀಲ/ ಬೆನ್ನಕ್ ಕಟ್ಟುವ ಚೀಲ '''झोली''' -- a small bag, any cloth stretched out to collect something, bag -- ಕೈಚೀಲ, ಜೋಳಿಗೆ '''ञ''' -- the fifth and final (nasal) letter of the second pentad of the devnagari alphabet -- ಞ '''ट''' -- the first letter of the third pentad of the Devanagari script, -- ಟ ವ್ಯಂಜನ 'ಟ' ವರ್ಗತ್ ರ ಸುರು ಅಕ್ಷರ '''टक''' -- a stare, gaze -- ನೋಟುವೊ '''टंक''' -- coin, currency, money, -- ದುಡ್ಡ್, ಪಣ '''टंकक''' -- a typist, one who operates the type writer -- ಟೈಪಿಸ್ಟ್ '''टकटकी''' -- a gaze, stare -- ಕೆಕ್ಕರಿಚಿಟ್ಟಂಡ್ ನೋಟುವ '''टंकण''' -- typing, soldering, instrument for melting, -- ಲೋಹ, ಏಚಿಕೂಟುವ (ಜೋಡಿಚಿಡುವೊ) '''टकराना''' -- to clash, to collide, clang -- ಡಿಕ್ಕಿಯಾಪೊ, ಜಗಳಪತ್ತುವ '''टकसाली''' -- standard, pertaining to mint -- ಟಂಕಶಾಲೆ, ಸತ್ಯವಂತ '''टँकाइ''' -- stitching, studding, soldering, -- ಪೊಲ್ಲುವ '''टंकार''' -- the twang, tinkling sound -- ಕಿಣಿ ಕಿಣಿ ಸದ್ದ್ '''टंकी''' -- tank, reservoir, pool, -- ಕೊಳ, ಕೆರೆ '''टकोरना''' -- to strike a drum or as a drum, to tap -- ದೋಳ್‌ಪೊಯ್ಯುವೊ '''टक्कर''' -- a collision, clash, impact -- ಪೂಜ್ಜಬೂವೊ, ಡಿಕ್ಕಿಯಾಪ '''टंटा''' -- award, argument, contention, -- ಜಗಳ, ವಾದ '''टटोलना''' -- to feel, to give a feeler, to touch -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಅನುಭವ ಪಡುವ '''टट्टी''' -- a screen (made of bamboo parings or reed, etc) -- ತಟ್ಟಿ/ ನೆರ್‌ಕೆ ತಟ್ಟಿ '''टन''' -- a measure of weight -- ಟನ್/ ಅಳತೆ, ತೂಕ '''टनटनाना''' -- to peal, to ring, to tinkle -- ಟನ್‌ಟನಾ ಗಂಟೆ ಸದ್ದೆ, ಗಂಟೆಪೊಯ್ಯುವ '''टपकना''' -- to drip, to leak, to drop, to dribble -- ಅಡಿಕ್ ಬೂವೊ, ತುಳಿತುಳಿಬೂವ '''टपका''' -- fallen -- ಬುದ್ದದ್ '''टब''' -- a tub -- ಟಬ್ಬ್ '''टमाटर''' -- a tomato -- ಟೊಮೆಟೊ '''टरकना''' -- to slip away, to abscond, to disappear -- ಕಾಂಗತೆ ಆಪ, ತಪ್ಪ್ ಚಿಟ್ಟವ '''टरकाना''' -- to put off, to tell off, to postpone, to remove -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ತೆರ್‌ಕುವೊ '''टरटराना''' -- prattle angrily -- ಚೊಡಿಲ್ ಬಾಯಿಬಡಿಪ '''टर्रा''' -- harsh spoken, haughty, grumbling -- ಒರಟ್‌ತಕ್ಕ್ '''टलना''' -- to be averted, to be postponed -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಇಡುವೊ '''टल्लोबाज''' -- evasive, cheat, cunning -- ಮೋಸ, ತಪ್ಪ್ ಚಿಟ್ಟವ '''टल्लोबाजी''' -- evasion, avoidance, dodging -- ನೆವನ ಕೆಣಿಯತೆ ಜಾರಿಯವ '''टशन''' -- favourable, remedy, superstitious -- ಪರಿಹಾರ, ಅನುಕೂಲ, ಮೂಢನಂಬಿಕೆಕಾರ '''टसर''' -- tissue, a kind of cloth -- ಒರ್ ತರಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಟಿಶ್ಶೂ '''टसुआ''' -- tear, to shed tears, to cry -- ಕಣ್ಣೀರ್ '''टहनी''' -- a twig, sprig -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಕೊಂಬೆ, ಜಿಗ್‌ರ್ '''टहलना''' -- to stroll, to ramble, to saunter -- ಕಾತ್ ಸೇವನೆಕ್ ಪೋಪೊ '''टाँकना''' -- to stud, to stitch -- ಪೊಲ್ಯ ಇಡುವೊ '''टाँका''' -- a stitch, solder -- ಪೊಲ್ಯ '''टाँग''' -- a leg -- ಕಾಲ್ '''टाँगना''' -- to hang, to suspend, hinge -- ತೂಂಗಿಯವೊ, ತೂಕುವ '''टाँट''' -- the skull, bare head -- ಮಂಡೆರ ಓಡ್ '''टापू''' -- an island -- ದ್ವೀಪ '''टायर''' -- tyre -- ಟೈರ್/ ಚಕ್ರ '''टाल''' -- a stock, heap, mass -- ಗುಡ್ಡೆ '''टालना''' -- to postpone, to put off -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ತೆರ್‌ಕುವೊ '''टिकट''' -- a ticket -- ಟಿಕೆಟ್ '''टिकना''' -- to last, to stay, to tarry -- ಕಳ್ಂದವೊ, ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ನಿಪ್ಪ '''टिकाऊ''' -- durable, lasting, abiding -- ಬಾಳಿಕೆ ಒಪ್ಪಂತದ್ '''टिकिया''' -- a small cake, tablet, pill -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಕೇಕ್/ ಮಾತ್ರೆ '''टिकुली''' -- a spangle, small glittering object -- ಮಿನ್ನುವ ತಗಡ್ ಚೂರ್ '''टिंचर''' -- tincture, iodine -- ಟಿಂಚರ್, ಐಡಿನ್ '''टिप्पणी''' -- a note, annotation, comment -- ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ/ ಚೆರ್ ಎಳ್ತ್ '''टिप्पस''' -- manipulation, contrivance, artful management -- ಕೈಚಳಕ, ಕಲ್ಪನಾ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ '''टिमाक''' -- foppishness, resembling -- ಚಾಯಿಕಾಟುವ, ಚಾಯಿಚಂದ '''टीका''' -- vaccination, inoculation -- ಡಾಕ್ ಇಡುವೊ '''टीकाकार''' -- a commentator -- ವೀಕ್ಷಕ ವಿವರಣೆಕಾರ, ಟೀಕೆ ಎಳ್ ದುವಂವ '''टीप''' -- an entry, jotting down, record -- ಎಂಟ್ರಿ ಮಾಡಿಯವೊ/ ಜನ್ಮಪತ್ರ, ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ ಮಾಡವ '''टीपना''' -- to enter, to record, to jot down -- ಎಳ್‌ದಿಯವೊ '''टीम''' -- a team, unite, combine -- ತಂಡ '''टीमटाम''' -- showing off -- ತೋರಿಕೆ/ ಕಾಟಿಯವೊ '''टीला''' -- a mount, mound -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಕುಂದ್, ಮೊಟ್ಟೆ '''टीस''' -- smarting pain, acute throbbing pain -- ಕುತ್ತುವನ್ನಕೆ ನೊಂಬಲ '''टुकड़ा''' -- a piece, fragment, part -- ತುಂಡ್ '''टुकड़ी''' -- a detachment, group, order -- ಗುಂಪ್ '''टुकुर-टुकुर''' -- with a stare -- ನೋಟುವೊ, ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಮರ್ ಚಂಡ್ ನೋಟುವ '''टुल्ल''' -- heavily, drunk, burden -- ಭಾರತ್ ಲ್, ಕಳ್ಳ್ ಕುಡ್ ಚಂವ '''टूंक''' -- a trunk, box -- ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ '''टूटना''' -- to break, to be broken, splinter -- ತುಂಡಾಪೊ, ಒಡೆಯುವ '''टूयूब''' -- tube -- ಟ್ಯೂಬ್, ಕೊಳಪೆ '''टेकना''' -- to lean, to support, sustain -- ಒತ್ತಾಸೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''टेकरी''' -- a knoll, hummock -- ಚೆರಿಯ ದ್‌ಟ್ಟೆ '''टेंडर''' -- tender -- ಟೆಂಡರ್, ದರಪಟ್ಟಿ '''टेढ़ा''' -- curved, bent, oblique -- ಸೊಟ್ಟ, ಬಾಂಗಿತ್ '''टेना''' -- to sharpen -- ಪರ್‌ತ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''टेर''' -- a call, loud appeal, invite, note in music -- ಕೂತ್, ಕಾಕಿತೆಣ್ಣುವ '''टेलिफ़ोन''' -- a telephone -- ಟೆಲಿಫೋನ್ '''टेलिविजन''' -- television -- ಟೆಲಿವಿಷನ್ '''टेलीपिं्रटर''' -- a teleprinter -- ಟೆಲಿಪ್ರಿಂಟರ್ '''टैकस''' -- a tax, duty, inpost -- ಟ್ಯಾಕ್ಸ್/ ಕಂದಾಯ '''टैक्सी''' -- a car, taxi, vehicle -- ಟ್ಯಾಕ್ಸಿ/ ಬಾಡಿಗೆಕಾರ್ '''टोक''' -- an interruption -- ಎಡೆಲ್ ಬಾಯಿ ಇಡುವ '''टोकन''' -- a token -- ಟೋಕನ್ '''टोकना''' -- to interrupt, to cust an evil eye, to question, to prevent -- ತಡೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಎಡೆಲ್ ಬಾಯಿ ಇಡುವ '''टोकरा''' -- a large basket -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಕುಕ್ಕೆ '''टोटा''' -- a loss, damage -- ನಷ್ಟ/ ಪಾಳಾಪೊ '''टोंटा''' -- one handed person -- ಒರ್‌ಕೈ ಉಳ್ಳ೦ವೊ/ ಒತ್ತೆ ಕೈಯ್ಯ '''टोंटी''' -- a tap, nozzle -- ನಲ್ಲಿ, ಪೈಪು '''टोड़ी''' -- sycophant -- ಹೊಗಳ್ ಭಟ್ಟ '''टोना''' -- magic, a spell, sorcery -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕಟ್ಟ್ ಕಳಿ '''टोप''' -- a hat, helmet, armour of the head -- ತೊಪ್ಪಿಯ, ಮಂಡೆಕ್ ಡುವ ಇರ್ಂಬ್ ರ ತೊಪ್ಪಿಯ '''टोपी''' -- cover, a cap -- ತೊಪ್ಪಿಯ '''टोली''' -- a team, batch, band, group -- ಕೂಟ, ಗುಂಪು '''टोहना''' -- sound -- ಸದ್ದ್‌ಮಾಡ್ '''ट्रक''' -- a truck -- ಗಾಡಿ, ಅದಲ್‌ಬದಲ್ '''ट्रस्ट''' -- a trust, faith, confidence -- ನಂಬಿಕೆ '''ट्राम''' -- a tramcar -- ಕರೆಂಟ್‌ಗಾಡಿ, ಟ್ರಾಂ '''ट्रेकटर''' -- a tractor -- ಟ್ರ್ಯಾಕ್ಟರ್ '''ट्रेडमार्क''' -- a trademark -- ಗುರ್‌ತ್, ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಗುರ್ತ್ '''ट्रेन''' -- a railway train -- ರೈಲ್ '''ट्रेनिंग''' -- training -- ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''ठ''' -- second letter of the cerebral pentad of consonants of the Nagari alphabet -- ದಂಡನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ ಟ ವರ್ಗ '''ठक''' -- aghast, baffled -- ಬೊತ್ತಿಬೊರಂಡುವ, ಹಟ '''ठकठकाना''' -- to knock, to produce a sequence of rapping -- ಕೊಟ್ಟೊ, ತಟ್ಟುವೊ, ಬಡಿಪ '''ठकुराई''' -- supremacy, nobility -- ದುಂಬನಲ್ಲದ್ (ಬಲ್ಯ ಅಧಿಕಾರ) '''ठग''' -- a thug, cheat, an imposter -- ಮೋಸ, ದಗ '''ठगना''' -- to cheat, to dupe, to defraud -- ಮೋಸ ಮಾಡ್ '''ठँगा''' -- the thumb, bludgeon -- ಮೊಟ್ಟ್ ಬೆರ,ದೊಣ್ಣೆ '''ठट्ठ''' -- throng, milling crowd, huge -- ಜನಡ ಗುಡ್ಡೆ. '''ठट्ठा''' -- fun, humour, joke -- ತಮಾಸಿ, ಐಲಾಟ '''ठठरी''' -- a skeleton, pier, skin and bones -- ಎಲ್ಂಬ್ ಗೂಡ್ '''ठठेरा''' -- a tinker, brazier -- ತಗಡ್ ಪಣಿಕಾರ, ಕಲಾಯಿಗಾರ, ಚೇಬ್ ಕುಟ್ಟಿ '''ठंड''' -- cold, coldness, chilliness -- ಕೋಟ '''ठंडक''' -- cold, coolness -- ತಣಿಪು '''ठंडा''' -- cool, cold, black, dull, insipid, lifeless -- ಕರ್‍ತದ್, ಮಂಕ್, ಜೀಂವ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ತಣ್ಂಜದ್. '''ठंडा युद्द''' -- cold war -- ಒಳ್‌ಜಗಳ '''ठंडाई''' -- cool drink -- ಕೋಟಕುಡಿ '''ठंडापन''' -- frigidity, unresponsiveness -- ಕಠಿಣಕುಳ್‌ರ್‌ರ, ಶೀತತ್‌ರ '''ठंडास्वभाव''' -- cool, dispassionate temprament -- ಶಾಂತವಾನದ್, ಉದ್ರೇಕ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್. '''ठनक''' -- a deep ringing, drumbeat -- ಚಂಡೆ ಕೊಟ್ಟ್ '''ठनठन''' -- metallic ringing sound -- ಲೋಹ ಸದ್ದ್ '''ठनठनाना''' -- to produce -- ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿ '''ठनना''' -- to be resolved -- ತೀರ್ಮಾನ ಆಪಕುಳ್ಳದ್, ಠರಾವು ಮಾಡುವ '''ठनाका''' -- a short sharp metallic ring -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಮೊನೆರ ಲೋಹತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬಳೆ '''ठप''' -- at a stand still, reduced to a state of inactivity -- ನಿಂದಲ್ಲೆ ಇಪ್ಪ '''ठपीड़ा''' -- pain, misery, agony -- ನೊಂಬಲ '''ठप्पा''' -- a stamp, mould -- ಅಚ್ಚಿ '''ठर्रा''' -- country liquor -- ಕಾಚಿಂಗಳ್ಳ್ '''ठस''' -- nitwit, dull, thick, compact -- ಪೈಲ್, ಮಂಕ್ '''ठसाठस''' -- stuffed, full, crowded, packed -- ದುಂಬ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟದ್, ದುಂಬಾ, ದುಂಬಿಪೋನದ್. '''ठहरना''' -- to stop, to halt, to pause, to stay, to wait -- ನಿಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್, ಪಾರಕಾಪ. '''ठहराव''' -- stability, settlement, pause -- ಅನಂಗತೆ '''ठहाका''' -- peal, explosion of laughter -- ಗಂಟೆರಸದ್ದ್, ಬಲ್ಯ ತೆಳಿ '''ठाकुर''' -- a lord, master, god -- ದೇವ, ಯಜಮಾನ '''ठाट''' -- pomp, splendour, magnificence -- ಆಡಂಬರ '''ठानना''' -- to resolve, to determine, to launch -- ತೇರ್ಮಾನಮಾಡ್, ಕರಕ್‌ವ '''ठाला''' -- idle, out of employment, unoccupied -- ಸೋಮಾರಿ, ಕೆಲಸ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಇಪ್ಪ. '''ठाँव''' -- a place, opportune place -- ಜಾಗ '''ठाँसना''' -- to cram full, to stuff full, to thrust -- ದುಂಬ ತಿಂಬೊ, ತುರ್‌ಕುವ '''ठिकाना''' -- the destination, place, abode station, trust -- ಗುರಿ, ಜಾಗ, ಎತ್ತಂಡಿಯ ಜಾಗ '''ठिगना''' -- short, short statured, dwarfish -- ಚೆರಿಯದ್, ಕುಳ್ಳ '''ठिठकना''' -- to hesitate, to waver, to stand amazed -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ನಿಪ್ಪ '''ठिठोली''' -- persiflage, banter, jesting -- ಚೇಷ್ಠೆ ಮಾಡೊ, ಐಲಾಟ '''ठीक''' -- right, correct, exact, proper, true -- ಸರಿಯಾನದ್ '''ठीकठाक''' -- regularly, properly, shipshape -- ಎಕ್ಕಲೂ, ಸೆರಿಯಾಯಿತ್ '''ठीका''' -- a contract -- ಒಪ್ಪಚಾರ '''ठुकराना''' -- to kick off, to knock away, to treat -- ಚವುಟೊ, ದವುತೋ '''ठुकाई''' -- beating, tamping -- ಪೊಯ್ಯೋ, ತಲ್ಲ್ '''ठूठ''' -- a stump, stub, dead wood -- ಕುತ್ತಿ, ಕುಂಬುಮರ '''ठूँठा''' -- stubby, leafless -- ಎಲಕಂಡ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಬಣ್ಣತ್‌ರ, ಕುಳ್ಳ '''ठूँसना''' -- to stuff full, to cram -- ದುಂಬಾ ತಿಂಬೊ, ತುರ್‌ಕೊ '''ठेका''' -- contract, halting place, stress -- ಒಪ್ಪಚಾರ, ನಿಪ್ಪಜಾಗ '''ठेठ''' -- pure, genuine, unadulterated -- ಸುದ್ದ '''ठेलना''' -- to thrust, to shove, to push -- ನೂಕೊ, ಬಡಿಪ '''ठेलमठेल''' -- hustle and bustle, jostling -- ಉಂದ್ಯ ಬೂವೊ '''ठेला''' -- a trolley, cart, truck, barrow, stroke, thrust, violent push -- ತಳ್ಳ್‌ಗಾಡಿ, ಗಾಡಿ '''ठेस''' -- a knock in the sole, shock -- ಮುಟ್ಟ್‌ಪಡುವ '''ठोकना''' -- to beat, to hammer, to tamp, to dust one's coat -- ದೂಳ್ ಕೊಡಕೊ, ಮುಟ್ಟಿಯತ್‌ಲ್ ತಟ್ಟುವ '''ठोकर''' -- a kick, stroke, percussion, stumbling toe -- ಚೌಟ್ ಪಡುವ '''ठोडी''' -- the aim -- ಗುರಿ '''ठौर''' -- a place, where about, habitat -- ಜಾಗ, ಪತ್ತೆ, ಪುಟ್ಟಿ ಬೊಳಂದ ಜಾಗ '''ड''' -- third consonant of the cerebral pentad of the nagari alphabet -- ಚ ವರ್ಗತ್ ರ ೩ ನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''डंक''' -- a sting, the tip of a nib, sharp pointed pin -- ಪಿನ್ನ್ ರ ಮೊನೆ, ತೇಳ್, ತೇನೊಲಂಜಿರ ಕಡಿ '''डंका''' -- a kettle-drum, musical instrument -- ಓರ್ ಸಂಗೀತ ಉಪಕರಣ '''डकारना''' -- to beltch, to eructuate, to swallow -- ತೇಕ್‌ಲ್‌ಡುವೊ '''डकैत''' -- a dacoit, bandit, brigand -- ದರೋಡೆಕಾರ, ಕಳ್ಳ '''डकैती''' -- a dacoity, robbery, banditry -- ಕಳ್ಳತನ, ದರೋಡೆ '''डग''' -- pace, step, stride -- ಮೊಟ್ಟ್, ಚೌಟ್ '''डगमगाना''' -- to falter, to waver, to stagger -- ಬಿಕ್ಕುವೊ, ಪೊಡತ್ ಕಳಿಪ '''डगर''' -- a path, track, course -- ನಡಪ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''डटना''' -- to stay, stand firm, position -- ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾಯ್ತ್ ನಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''डंठल''' -- a stalk, stem, spring of a plant -- ಮರತ್‌ರ ತಡಿ '''डंड''' -- exercise, to practice, hard work, astick -- ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ, ಕಷ್ಟತ್‌ರ ಪಣಿ '''डंडा''' -- stick, staff, clerk -- ತಂಡ್, ದೊಣ್ಣೆ, ಬಡಿಯ '''डंडी''' -- the beam of scale, handle, a medicant who carried a staff -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಡಿರ ಅಡ್ಡಕೋಲ್ '''डपट''' -- a sharp rebuke, reprimand, objuration -- ಬೊತ್ತ್ ಚಿಡೋ '''डपटना''' -- to objurate, reprimand -- ತಾಕೀತ್ ಮಾಡೊ. ಆಣೆ ಇಡುವ '''डफ़ली''' -- a kind of small tambourine -- ಚೆರಿಯ ತಂಬೂರಿ '''डबडबाना''' -- to be tearful, weeping -- ಮೊರಡುವ '''डबल''' -- double, two fold, twice as large -- ದಂಡ್, ದಂಡಾಂಡಚ್ಚಕ್ '''डब्बा''' -- a tiny box -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ '''डमरु''' -- a leather covered musical percussion instrument -- ಚಂಡೆ '''डर''' -- fear, fright, dread -- ಪೋಡಿ, ಬೊತ್ತುವ '''डरना''' -- to fear, dread, to be afraid -- ಬೊತ್ತಿಯವ '''डरपोक''' -- coward, timid, fearful -- ಪುಕ್ಕ್ ಲ, ಹೇಡಿ '''डराना''' -- to frighten, to terrify, to scare -- ಬೊತ್ತ್ ಚಿಡುವ '''डरावना''' -- fearful, dreadful, frightful -- ಭಯಂಕರ, ಪೋಡಿಯಾಪನ್ನತದ್ '''डरावा''' -- a scare, startle -- ಪೋಡಿ, ಬೊರ್ ಟುವ '''डला''' -- a lump, small solid mass -- ಗಂಟ್, ಮುದ್ದೆ '''डलिया''' -- a small open basket -- ಪಚ್ಚಿಯಾ '''डँसना''' -- to sting, to bite, chew -- ಕುಯಿಂದುವೊ, ಕಡಿಪ, ಚಂಯಿಪ. '''डाक''' -- mail, post, dak -- ಟಪಾಲ್ '''डाकटर''' -- a doctor, medical practitioner -- ಡಾಕ್ಟರ್ '''डाका''' -- a dacoity, robbery -- ಬಾತಿಯಂಡ್ ಪೋಪೋ (ಡಕಾಯಿತ್) '''डाकिया''' -- a postman -- ಕಾಗದ ಕೊಡಪಂವೋ, ಪೋಸ್ಟ್‌ಮ್ಯಾನ್ '''डाकू''' -- dacoit, bandit, robber -- ದರೋಡೆ ಮಾಡುವಂವೋ, ಕಳ್ಳ '''डाट''' -- a cork, spigot, plug -- ಕುಪ್ಪಿರ ಮುಚ್ಚಿ '''डाँट''' -- scolding, reprimand, a rebuke -- ಬೈಗಳ '''डाँटना''' -- to scold, to rebuke to, reproof -- ಬೈಯ್ಯೋ '''डाँड़''' -- an oar, fine, penalty -- ದಂಡ, ದೋಣಿಕೂಟುವ ಚಟ್ಟುವ '''डाँड़ना''' -- to penalise, to fine -- ದಂಡ ತೆರೊ, ತಪ್ಪು ಪಣ ಕೊಡ್ ಪ '''डाढ़''' -- a molar or grinding tooth -- ದವಡೆ ಪಲ್ಲ್ (ಅರ್‌ಪ) ಅಣಿಯಪಲ್ಲೆ '''डाढ़ी''' -- a beard, growth of hair on the face -- ಗಡ್ಡ, ತಾಡಿ '''डाबर''' -- a pit, sewage, dirty -- ಗಲೀಜ್, ಕುಂಡ್ '''डामर''' -- pitch, tar, asphalt, bitumen -- ಟಾರ್ '''डायरी''' -- a diary -- ದಿನಚರಿ ಪುಸ್ತಕ, ಡೈರಿ '''डायरेकटर''' -- a director, head, chief -- ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕ, ಮುಖ್ರಿ '''डाल''' -- a branch, offshoot, shoot -- ಕೊಂಬೆ, ಮೊಳಕೆ '''डालना''' -- to put in, to pour, to drop -- ಇಡುವ, ಬೂಕುವ '''डाँलर''' -- a dollar -- ಡಾಲರ್ '''डाह''' -- jealously, envy, spite -- ಕಿಚ್ಚ್, ಕೇಡ್, ಪಗೆ '''डिगना''' -- to deviate, to swerve, to quarer, to be shaken -- ಅಡ್ಡದಾರಿ, ಅಲ್ಲಾಡಿಚಿಡೊ, ಕುಲುಕುವ '''डिगरी''' -- a degree, degree -- ಕೋನ '''डिंगल''' -- the mediaveal poetic language of the border of Rajasthan -- ರಾಜಸ್ತಾನತ್‌ರ ಪದ್ಯ ಭಾಷೆ '''डिंगी''' -- jolly boat -- ದೋಣಿ '''डिजाइन''' -- a design, contemplate, aim -- ನಿರೀಕ್ಷೆ, ಚಿತ್ರ '''डिठौना''' -- a black sooty mark on the face -- ಮೂಡಕ್ ಇಟ್ಟ ಕರ್‍ತ ಕಾಡಿಯ '''डिपो''' -- depot, terminal, store -- ಕೂಟಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪೋ ಜಾಗ '''डिंभ''' -- larva -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಪುಳು '''डिमाई''' -- measure of printing paper -- ಅಚ್ಚ್ ಮಾಡೊ ಕಾಗದತ್ತ್‌ರ ಅಳತೆ '''डीजल''' -- diesel -- ಡೀಸೆಲ್ '''डील''' -- stature, size, physique -- ನಿಲುವು, ಅಳತೆ, ತಡಿರ ಎತ್ತರ '''डुबकी''' -- a dip, duck, immerse -- ಮುಕ್ಕೊ '''डुबाना''' -- a dip, to drown, dive -- ಮುಳುವೊ '''डूबना''' -- to be drowned, to sink -- ಮುಳುಕುವ '''डेढ़''' -- one and a half -- ಒಂದರೆ '''डेरा''' -- camp, encampment, abode -- ಮನೆ, ಕ್ಯಾಂಪ್ '''डोर''' -- a string, thread, cord of flax -- ನೂಲ್ '''डोला''' -- litter, clutter -- ಪಲ್ಲಕ್ಕಿ '''डौल''' -- shape, form, appearance -- ಆಕಾರ '''ढ़''' -- the fourth letter of the third pentad of the Devanagari alphabet -- ಟ ವರ್ಗತ್ ರ ನಾಲನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''ढकना''' -- to cover, to conceal, to protect -- ಮುಚ್ಚಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪ, ಒಳ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವ, ಕಾಪಾಡುವ '''ढक्कन''' -- a lid, cover, to close -- ಮುಚ್ಚಳ, ಮುಚ್ಚ್, ಮುಚ್ಚ್‌ವ '''ढ़ंग''' -- manner, method, mode, way -- ಕ್ರಮ, ರೀತಿ '''ढँढोरना''' -- to make a thourough search, to probe into each and every item -- ತೇಡ್‌ವ ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪ '''ढनमनाना''' -- to roll, to stumble -- ಉರ್ಂಡ್‌ವ, ತೊಡ್‌ಕುವ '''ढब''' -- manner, ways, conduct -- ರೀತಿ, ಕ್ರಮ, ನಡ್‌ತುವ ಕ್ರಮ. '''ढर्रा''' -- way, path, method -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಕ್ರಮ '''ढलवाँ''' -- cast, inclined, leaning -- ವಾಲಿಯದ, ತರಂಜಿಪೋಪ, ಎರಕಬೂಕುವ '''ढलाइ''' -- moulding, casting, processing -- ಅಚ್ಚ್ ಇಡ್‌ವ, ಎರಕಇಡುವ '''ढलान''' -- a slope, descent, ramp -- ಕುತ್ತ, ಇಳಿಜಾರ್ '''ढलैया''' -- a founder, one who establishes -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಚಂವ '''ढाई''' -- two and a half -- ದಂಡರೆ '''ढाँचा''' -- frame, framework, skeleton -- ಚೌಕಟ್ಟ್ '''ढाढ़स''' -- solace, consolation, relief -- ಸಮಾಧಾನ '''ढाना''' -- to demolish, to dismantle, to destroy -- ಒಡ್‌ಪ, ಬಿರಿಯುವ '''ढाबा''' -- a small common place, hotel, that could roofing of a hut -- ಗುಡ್‌ಸ್ಸ್‌ಲ್ ಪೊಟೇಲ್ '''ढाल''' -- a shield, pitch, buckler, slope -- ಪರಿಯತಟ್ಟಿ, ತಲ್ಲ್ ಕೆತ್ತ್ ನತಡಪ ಗುರಾಣಿ '''ढालना''' -- to pour out, to mould or cast -- ಅಚ್ಚು ಬೂಕುವ '''ढिठाई''' -- pertness, presumption, impudence -- ಊಹನೆ '''ढिबरी''' -- a nut socket, an earthern lamp -- ಮಣ್ಣ್ ಬೊಳಚ, ಮಂಬೊಳ್‌ಚ '''ढिलाई''' -- sluggishness, laxity, flexibility -- ಉದಾಸೀನ, ಸಡಲಿ '''ढीठ''' -- bold hunghry, pert, impudent -- ಞಾಣ ಕೆಟ್ಟವ (ಞಾಣ ಕೆಟ್ಟಂವ) ಗರ್ವಿಷ್ಟ '''ढील''' -- lavitity, leniency, relaxation -- ಸಸಾರ, ಸಡಲ '''ढीलना''' -- to let go, to free, to unite, to relax -- ಬುಟ್ರುವ, ಆರಾಮ್, ಸಡಲ ಮಾಡುವ '''ढीला''' -- loose, slack, sluggish -- ಸಡಲ, ಉದಾಸೀನ '''ढुलकना''' -- to roll down, to trickle down, to spill -- ಉರ್‌ಟ್‌ವ, ತೋರ್‌ವ, ಚೆಲ್ಲ್‌ವ. '''ढुलमुल''' -- vacillating, fickle minded, unsteadiness -- ಬುದ್ದಿಸ್ಥಿರ ಇಲ್ಲತವ, ಚಂಚಲ '''ढूंढना''' -- to seek, to search, to trace -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪ, ತೇಡುವ '''ढेर''' -- a heap, pile, accumulation, bulk, lot -- ಗುಡ್ಡೆ, ಅಟ್ಟಿ '''ढेला''' -- a clad, lump -- ಮುದ್ದೆ, ಗುಡ್ಡೆ '''ढोंग''' -- hypocrisy, fraud, imposture -- ಚದಿ, ಮೋಸ '''ढोना''' -- to transport, to cart, to haul -- ಕಡ್‌ತುವ '''ढोल''' -- a tom tom, large drum, barrel -- ಪರೆದುಡಿ, ಡೋಳ್ '''ढोलक''' -- a small drum played on both the ends -- ದುಡಿ, ಪರೆ '''ढोला''' -- centering, a popular folk narrative sung in parts of uttar pradesh -- ಉತ್ತರಪ್ರದೇಶತ್ರ ಜಾನಪದ ಪಾಟ್ '''ण''' -- the last letter of the third pentad of the Devanagari script -- ಣ '''त''' -- the first letter of the fourth pentad alphabet -- ತ '''तक''' -- to, upto, till, until, by -- ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆತ್ತನೆ, ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆತ್ತನೆ '''तक़दीर''' -- luck, lot, fate, fortune -- ನಸೀಬ್ '''तकनीकी''' -- technique -- ಮಾಡುವ ಕ್ರಮ '''तक़रार''' -- an altercation, quarrel, wrangling -- ಜಗಳ '''तक़रीबन''' -- approximately, closely, nearly -- ಒರ್ ಅಂದಾಜ್‌ಲ್, ಸುಮಾರಾಯಿತ್, ಕೂಡೆ ಕೂಡೆ. '''तक़रीर''' -- a speech, lecturer, communication -- ತಕ್ಕ ಪರೆವ, ಅರಿವಿಕೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''तकला''' -- to spindle -- ತಕ್‌ಲಿ (ನೂಲ್‌ಎಡ್‌ಪ) '''तकली''' -- a small, slight, tiny -- ಚೆರಿಯದ್, ಚೆರ್‌ಞನೆ '''तकलीफ''' -- trouble, distress, ailment -- ತೊಂದರೆ, ಗಲಾಟೆ '''तकल्लुफ''' -- formality, meticulous, ritual -- ಪದ್ದತಿ, ನಡ್‌ಪ '''तकिया''' -- pillow, bolster, cushion -- ತಲ್ಮೆತ್ತೆ '''तकियाकलम''' -- a proper word, an expletive, an expression -- ಒರ್ ಸರಿಯಾನ ಪದ '''तकुआ''' -- a distaff, large size needle, chopper -- ಗೊಣಿ ಚೂದ್, ಕತ್ತಿ '''तक्र''' -- buttermilk -- ಮೋರ್ '''तखमीना''' -- assessment, valuation, an estimate -- ಅಂದಾಜ್, ಅಳತೆ, ಬೆಲೆ ಕಟ್ಟ್ ವ '''तख्त''' -- a wooden structure of planks, throne -- ರಾಜ ಅಳಪ ಕುರ್ಚಿ '''तंग''' -- troubled , harassed , girth, belt of horse -- ತೊಂದರೆ ಪಟ್ಟವು, ನಡುಪಟ್ಟಿ '''तगड़ा''' -- strong, powerful, robust -- ಗಟ್ಟಿಮುಟ್ಟ್ '''तगा''' -- thread -- ನೂಲ್ '''तंगी''' -- scarcity, poverty, tightness -- ಕೊರ್‌ತೆ/ ಕಮ್ಮಿಆಪ, ಗರೀಬ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''तचना''' -- to be heated, boiled, scorched -- ಬಿಸಿ ಮಾಡುವ, ಕಾಟುವೊ '''तजना''' -- to abandon, to give up, to quit -- ಕೊಡ್‌ತಿತ್ ಬುಡುವೊ, ಬುಟ್ಟಿತ್ ಒಪ್ಪ '''तजबीज''' -- proposal, suggestion, scheme -- ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ, ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ '''तजरिका''' -- mention, discussion, comment -- ಒರ್ ವಿಚಾರ ಪರೆವ/ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಎಣ್ಣವ '''तजुरबा''' -- experience, experiment, research -- ಅನುಭವ, ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪ '''तट''' -- a bank, coast, shore -- ಪೊಳೆ ಕರೆ, ಸಮುದ್ರ ಕರೆ '''तटवर्ती''' -- coastal, riverbank, littoral -- ಪೊಳೆ ಕರೆ, ಸಮುದ್ರ ಕರೆ '''तटस्थ''' -- neutral, objective, indifferent -- ಮುಂಡತಿಪ್ಪ ಆಸಕ್ತಿ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ '''तटी''' -- a river, bank -- ಪೊಳೆ, ಪೊಳೆಕರೆ '''तटीय''' -- coastal, pertaining to bank -- ಸಮುದ್ರ ಕರೆ '''तड़''' -- a crack -- ಬಡ್‌ಕೆ, ಬಿರ್‌ಕ್ '''तड़प''' -- tossing or rolling about in agony -- ಚಾಡ್‌ವ '''तड़पना''' -- to toss, roll about restlessly, unstable -- ಚಾಡ್‌ವ, ಉರ್‌ಡುವ, ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪ '''तड़ाक''' -- snap, a cracking sound -- ಪೊಳ್ಂಜ ಸದ್ದ್, ಒಡ್ಂದ ಸದ್ದ್ '''तड़ातड़''' -- with a successive reports -- ಒಂದಾನ ಪಿಂಞ, ಒರ್ ಅರಿವಿಕೆ (ಸರಿಯಾನ) '''तड़ित''' -- the lighting, a flash, glare -- ಮಿನ್ನುವ, ಬೊಳಿ '''तड़ी''' -- braggadocio, ascendancy, primacy -- ಮೊಳ್‌ಕೇರ್‌ವ, ಅಡಿಂಜ ಕೊಡಿತ್ ಪೋಪ/ ಮುಂಬ್ '''तंडुल''' -- rice, food grain -- ಅಕ್ಕಿ ಕಾಳ್ '''ततिम्मा''' -- an appendix, a supplement, addendum -- ಬದಲ್ '''तंतु''' -- a thread, fiber, filament -- ನೂಲ್, ನಾರ್ '''ततू''' -- that -- ಅದ್ '''तत्काल''' -- forth with, immediately, at once -- ಬೆರಿಯ '''तत्क्षण''' -- very moment, at the same time -- ಅದೆ ನೇರ, ಅದೆ ಸಮಯತ್ '''तत्पर''' -- ready, devoted, set -- ಸರಿ ಮಾಡುವ '''तंत्र''' -- a system, technique, a string, gut, a body of mystical formulae or practices (for the attachment of super-human powers) -- ಕ್ರಮ ಪಡಿಪ ಕ್ರಮ '''तत्व''' -- an element, essence, substance -- ಮೂಲ ತತ್ವ, ಮೂಲ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''तत्वत''' -- essentially, in reality, in essence -- ನೆರಾಯಿತ್, ಸರಿಯಾನ ಮೂಲ '''तथा''' -- and, so -- ಪಿಂಞ '''तथाकथित''' -- so called -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಸಂಗತಿ, ಬಲ್ಯರಿಕೆ '''तथापि''' -- even so, still, yet -- ಇಂಞೂ ಆಚೆಂಗಿ, ಇಂಞೂ '''तथ्य''' -- reality, fact, factor -- ಸತ್ಯ ಸಂಗತಿ, ಸರಿಯಾನ ವಿಸಯ '''तदनंतर''' -- there after, there upon, consequently -- ಆನ ಇಂಞೂ ಅದ್ ಕೈಂಜಿತ್ '''तदनुभूति''' -- empathy -- ಸಮಾಧಾನ ಎಣ್ಣ್ ವ, ಸ್ವಾಂತನ '''तदनुरुप''' -- identical, according to -- ಒರೇ ತರ, ಒರೆ ಮಾದರಿ '''तदनुसार''' -- accordingly, consequently, therefore, consequently -- ಅದ್ ಆನ ಪಿಂಞ, ಅಲ್ಲಿಂಜ '''तदपि''' -- still, even, then -- ಇಂಞೂ, ಪಿಂಞ '''तदुपरांत''' -- thereafter, afterwards -- ಅಲ್ಲಿಂಜ ಮಿಂಞೂಕ್ '''तंदुरुस्त''' -- healthy, nourishing, robust -- ಆರೋಗ್ಯ, ಗಟ್ಟಿಮುಟ್ಟ್ '''तंद्रा''' -- sleepiness, drowsiness, dormancy -- ಮಂಕ್ '''तन''' -- body -- ತಡಿ '''तनख्वाह''' -- pay, salary, monthly earnings -- ತಿಂಗ ಸಂಭಳ '''तनमय''' -- pre-occupation, fully engrossed, absorbed -- ಅದ್‌ಲೆ ಮಗ್ನನಾಪ ಅದ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಳಿತಿಪ್ಪ. '''तनय''' -- son, male child, boy -- ಕ್‌ಣ್ಣ್ ಕುಂಞ '''तनया''' -- daughter, female child, girl -- ಮೂಡಿ ಕುಂಞ '''तनहा''' -- alone, lonely, -- ಒಬೊಂಟಿ, ಒಬ್ಬ '''तनाव''' -- tension, tenseness, strained -- ಪಿಕಿರಿ '''तनिक''' -- a little, slight, tiny -- ಚೆನ್ನಂಗ್, ಚೆರಿಯದ್ '''तनु''' -- lean, tenuous, thin, slender -- ತಳ್ಳನೆ '''तनुज''' -- a son, male child, boy -- ಕ್‌ಣ್ಣ್ ಕುಂಞ '''तप''' -- self mortification, devout austerity, asceticism -- ತಪಸ್ಸ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''तपन''' -- heat, anguish, warmth -- ಉರಿ, ಚೆಡಿ, ಬಿಸಿ '''तपना''' -- to be heated, intense, violent -- ಬಿಸಿಯಾಪ, ಉಗ್ರ '''तपस्या''' -- asceticism, meditation, pondering -- ತಪಸ್ಸ್ '''तपाक''' -- warmth, apparent, cordiality -- ಮನದುಂಬನ ತಕ್ಕಾರ '''तपिश''' -- heat, mental anguish, affliction -- ಉರಿ, ಚೆಡಿ ಕಾರವ '''तप्त''' -- heated, warmed up, afflicted -- ದುಂಬಾ ಬಿಸಿಯಾಯಿತ್, ಚೆನ್ನ ಬಿಸಿ '''तफ़रीह''' -- recreation, regalement, fun -- ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ತ್ ಖುಷಿಯಾಪದ್ '''तब''' -- then, at that time -- ಅಲ್ಲಿಂಜ, ಆಸಮಯತ್ '''तब़का''' -- a class, status, position -- ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ '''तबदील''' -- change, alteration, exchange -- ಅದ್‌ಲ್ ಬದ್‌ಲ್, ಅಪ್ಪರಿಪ್ಪರ '''तबला''' -- small tambourine, musical instrument -- ತಬ್ಬಳ, ಪರೆ '''तंबाकू''' -- tobacco -- ಪೇತೊಪ್ಪ '''तबादला''' -- transfer, devolve, relocate -- ಬದ್‌ಲ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''तबाह''' -- ruined, destroyed, demolish -- ಪಾಳ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ '''तबाही''' -- ruination, ruin, destruction -- ನಾಶ ಮಾಡುವ '''तबीयत''' -- state of health, disposition, temperament -- ತಡಿರ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ '''तंबीह''' -- an admonition, a gentle reproof, an act of admonishing -- ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ ಬೈವೊ '''तंबू''' -- a tent, marquee, accommodation -- ನೆಲೆ '''तबेला''' -- stable, self controlled, well balanced -- ಸ್ಥಿರ ಆಯಿತ್ '''तभी''' -- at the moment, just then, for this reason -- ಆಕ್ಷಣತ್, ಅಕ್ಕ '''तम''' -- darkness, gloom, ignorance -- ಅಜ್ಞಾನ '''तमकना''' -- to snap, to be enraged, to glow red in the face -- ಚೆಡಿಲ್ ಮೂಡ್ ಚೋಪ (ಚೊಂದ್ ಪೋಪ) '''तमग़ा''' -- a medal, honour -- ಬಟ್ಟ್, ತಕ್ಕಾರ '''तमन्ना''' -- an aspiration, a longing, ambition -- ಅಬಿಲಾಶೆ, ಆಸೆ ಪಡುವ '''तमाचा''' -- a slap, blow, hit -- ಪೊಯಿತ್ '''तमाम''' -- all, whole, entire -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ, ಇಡೀ '''तमाशा''' -- a show, entertainment, magic -- ತಮಾಸೆ, ಐಲಾಟ '''तमिल''' -- one of the Dravidian family language -- ತಮಿಳ್ '''तमिस्त्रा''' -- darkness, dark night -- ಬೈಟ್, ಇರ್‌ಲ್ '''तमीज''' -- etiquette, decorum, good form -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''तमोगुण''' -- one of the three qualities -- ಮೂಂದ್ ತರತರತ್ ಒಂದ್ (ಒರ್‌ತರ) '''तमोगुणी''' -- person in whom -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಗುಣ '''तमोमय''' -- one in whom the element of tamas is present -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಗುಣ ಉಳ್ಳವ, ಕೇಡ್‌ಕಂಡೆ '''तर''' -- wet, soaked, damp, dank -- ಪುಂಡೆ, ಪೊದುರೊ '''तरकारी''' -- a vegetable -- ತರಕಾರಿ '''तरकीब''' -- way, means, opinion -- ಒಟ್ಟೆ (ದಾರಿ), ಎಣ್ಣ್ ಚೇಂಗಿ, ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ. '''तरक्की''' -- progress, advancement, improvement, promotion -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಪೊಪದ್, ಚಾಯಾಪ್‌ದ್ '''तरंग''' -- a wave, ripple, whim -- ಅಲೆ, ಇಷ್ಟ ಪ್ರಕಾರ '''तरतीब''' -- an order, arrangement, adaptation -- ಸರಿಯಾಯಿತ್ ಮಾಡುವ (ಬೆಪ್ಪ) '''तरददुद''' -- botheration, headache, concern -- ಬೇಜಾರ ಪಡುವ, ಮಂಡೆ ನೊಂಬಲ '''तरना''' -- to cross, to attain salvation -- ದಾಟ್‌ವ, ಮೋಕ್ಷ '''तरन्नुन्म''' -- modulation, rhythm, modify the tone of -- ಕ್ರಮ ಪೊಲೆ '''तरफ़''' -- side, be on the side of, take the part of -- ಬರಿ '''तरबूजा''' -- a water melon -- ಒತ್ತಂಗೆ '''तरमीम''' -- an amendment, a modification, relocation -- ತಿದ್ದ್ ಪಡಿ '''तरल''' -- fluid, fickle, unsteady -- ಸ್ಥಿರ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''तरस''' -- compassion, pity, mercy -- ಕನಿಕರ, ಕರಕರೆ '''तरसना''' -- to pine for, long for -- ಗ್ಯಾನಾತ್ ಇಪ್ಪ '''तरह''' -- kind, sort, method, way -- ಒರ್‌ತರ, ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''तराई''' -- foothill, constant wetting, drenching -- ಕುಂದ್‌ರ ಅಡಿ (ಅಡಿಕುಂದ್) '''तराजू''' -- a balance, scales, measurement -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಡಿ '''तराना''' -- a song -- ಒರ್ ಪಾಟ್ '''तराबोर''' -- drenched, soaked, wetted -- ಒದ್ದೆ ಆಪದ್ '''तरावट''' -- coolness, freshness, dampness -- ತೇವ ಉಳ್ಳ್‌ದ್ '''तराश''' -- cut, trim, mould -- ಚೂರ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ '''तरी''' -- coolness, dampness, wetness -- ತೇವ '''तरीक़ा''' -- method, mode, way, manner -- ಕ್ರಮ, ರೀತಿ '''तरू''' -- a tree -- ಮರ '''तरूण''' -- young, youthful -- ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ '''तरूणाई''' -- youth, young age -- ಬಾಲ್ಯ '''तरेड़''' -- a crack, crevice, shake -- ಒಡ್‌ಕೆ, ಬಿರ್‌ಕ್ '''तर्क''' -- logic, an argument, plea -- ವಾದ '''तर्कना''' -- reasoning, arguing, intellect -- ವಾದ ಮಾಡುವ '''तर्कबुद्धि''' -- reason, discursive intellect -- (ಕಾರಣ) ಮೊಳಿ '''तर्कविद्या''' -- logic -- ವಾದ '''तर्ज''' -- tune, music, style, fashion, model -- ರಾಗ, ಸಂಗೀತ '''तर्जनी''' -- the fore finger -- ಕಾಟ್‌ಬೆರ, ನೇಚ್‌ವ ಬೆರ '''तल''' -- bottom, under part, surface -- ಅಡಿ '''तलक''' -- to, upto, till, until, even -- ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆತ್ತನೆ '''तलना''' -- to fry -- ಬರ್‌ಪ '''तलब''' -- an urge, craving, salary, wages -- ಆಸೆ '''तलबी''' -- summons, order to appear before -- ಅಪ್ಪಣಿರ ಕಾಗದ '''तलवार''' -- sword, saber -- ಕತ್ತಿ '''तलाक़''' -- divorce, detach, sunder -- ಬಡಿಯ, ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಬೊರೆ ಬೊರೆ ಆಪ '''तलाश''' -- search, quest, rummage -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪ '''तलाशी''' -- search, forage, rifling -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪ '''तले''' -- below, under, beneath -- ಅಡಿಲ್ '''तल्लीन''' -- immersed, deeply involved, engrossed -- ಮುಳಿತಿಪ್ಪ (ಗೇನತ್) '''तवक्की''' -- expectation, hopes, presumption -- ಪಾರಕಾಪ '''तवायफ़''' -- a prostitute, a harlot, dancing girl -- ಚೂಳೆ '''तवालत''' -- botheration, trouble, inconvenience -- ಲೆಕ್ಕಕಿಲ್ಲತೆ '''तशतरी''' -- a plate, tray, a shallow dish -- ತಟ್ಟೆ, ತಳಿಯ '''तशरीफ''' -- a term signifying honour and respect, seldom used expect with verb like ®úJÉxÉÉ -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ '''तसदीक़''' -- verification, attestation, confirmation -- ಕಂಡ್‌ಪುಡಿಪ '''तसलीम''' -- admission, compliment, salutation, solution -- ಕೂಟ್‌ವ '''तसल्ली''' -- satisfaction, patience, consolation -- ಸಮದಾಗ '''तसवीर''' -- a picture, portrait, image -- ಪೊಟ '''तस्कर''' -- smuggler, in violation of the law, to export or import secretly -- ಕಳ್ಳ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿ '''तस्करी''' -- the act, processing, smuggling -- ಕಳ್ಳ ಕಡ್‌ತ್ '''तह''' -- a layer, fold, bottom -- ಮಡ್‌ಕ್ '''तहक़ीक''' -- an inquiry, investigation, probe -- ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಾಡುವ, ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪ '''तहजीष''' -- civilization, manners, a way of doing -- ನಾಗರೀಕತೆ '''तहत''' -- under, beneath, process of -- ಕ್ ದಲ್, ತವ್ವಲ್ '''तहबंदी''' -- folding, arrangement in layer -- ಮಡ್‌ಕುವ '''तहलका''' -- turmoil, commotion, agitation -- ತಳಮಳ '''तहस-नहस''' -- ruined, devasted, destroyed -- ಪಾಳಾನದ್ '''ताऊ''' -- father's elder brother -- ಅಪ್ಪಂಡ ಬಲ್ಯಣ್ಣ '''ताक़''' -- niche, watch, lock-out, vocation -- ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಕ್ ಒತ್ತೆ ಕೆಲಸ '''ताक़त''' -- power, force, energy -- ಬಲ, ತಾಕತ್ '''ताक़तवार''' -- powerful, strong, mighty -- ಬಲವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''ताकि''' -- so that, in order that -- ಅನ್ನನೆ '''ताक़ीद''' -- Instruction, Caution, Vigilance -- ಅರಿವಿಕೆ ಕೊಡಪ '''तागा''' -- thread -- ನೂಲ್ '''ताजा''' -- fresh, new, recent -- ಪುದಿಯದ್ '''ताज्जुब''' -- wonder, astonishment, ponder -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ '''ताड़ना''' -- admonition, rebuke, punishment -- (ಬುದ್ದಿವಾದ) ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ಕೂಡ್‌ಪ '''ताँडव''' -- a violent, dance form, acting with, or characterized by uncontrolled -- (ಹಿಂಸಾತ್ಮಕ) '''तातील''' -- a holiday, vacation, release from duty -- ರಜ '''तात्कालिक''' -- instantaneous, immediate, proximate -- ಬೆರಿಯ, ಕೂಡೆ '''तात्पर्य''' -- purport, meaning, design -- ಗೊತ್ತ್ ಮಾಡಿಯವ '''तात्विक''' -- fundamental, essential, elemental -- ಬೊಂಡ್ಯಂತದ, ಅವಶ್ಯಕತೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''तादात्म्य''' -- identity, unity, oneness -- ಗುರ್‌ತ್, ಒಗ್ಗಟ್ '''तानना''' -- to stretch, to spread, to tighten -- ನೂಟ್‌ವ, ಬಿರಿಪ, ಮುರ್‌ಕೊ '''ताप''' -- heat, temperature as of the weather, a measure of warmth -- ಚೂಡ್ '''तापक''' -- heater -- ಕಾಚ್‌ವದ್ '''तापना''' -- to heat or warm -- ಕಾಚುವ '''ताँबा''' -- A metallic reddish brown metal -- ಚೋಂದ, ಕೆಂಜೋಪ್ ಇರ್‌ಬ್ ಹಿಂಸೆ '''ताँबूल''' -- A betel -- ಕೊಡಿಯಾಲೆ '''तामसिक''' -- pertaining to related with or inspired by -- ಪುರ್‌ಡ್ '''तार''' -- wire, telegram, a communication -- ಟೆಲಿಗ್ರಾಂ '''तार घर''' -- a telegraph -- ಟೆಲಿಗ್ರಾಫ್ '''तारक''' -- a star, asterisk -- ನಕ್ಷತ್ರ '''तारतम्य''' -- harmony, sequencing, concord -- ಹೊಂದುವನ್ನನೆ '''तारत्व''' -- pitch, loudness, fling in music -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಸ್ವರ '''तारना''' -- to cause to cross over, free from bondage -- ಪೊರಮೆ ಒಪ್ಪತ್‌ನೆವನ '''तारा''' -- a star, pupil of the eye, scholar -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ '''तारीख''' -- a date, an appointed day, history, unity -- ತಾರೀಖ್ '''तारीफ़''' -- praise, definition, description -- ಕೊಚ್ (ಕೊಚ್ಚುವ) '''तारुण्य''' -- youth, youthfulness, young age -- ಬಾಲ್ಯ '''तालमेल''' -- co-ordination, state of coordinating -- ಒರ್ತೊಮೆ '''तालव्य''' -- palatal sound -- ಅಣ್ಣಾಪ್‌ರ ಸದ್ದ್ '''ताला''' -- a lock -- ಬೀಗ '''तालाब''' -- a tank, pool -- ಕೆರೆ '''तालीम''' -- training, education, academic -- ಪಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''ताव''' -- heat, huffiness, strength, power, a sheet of paper -- ಚೂಡ್ '''तावान''' -- penalty, damage, recompense -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ಪಣ '''ताश''' -- playing cards -- ಇಸ್ಪೇಟ್ (ಕಾರ್ಡ್ಸ್) '''तास्सुब''' -- bigotry, discrimination, bias -- ಬಿನ್ನ ಬೇದ, ಪಕ್ಷಪಾತ '''ताहम''' -- even so, in spite of this -- ಆಚೇಂಗ್ಯೂ '''तिकड़ी''' -- a trio, a group of three, a group of signers -- ಮೂಂದಾಳ್ '''तिकोन''' -- a triangle, three cornered triangular -- ಮೂಂದ್ ಮೂಲೆ '''तिगुना''' -- three times, three fold -- ಮೂಂದ್ ಕುರಿ '''तिजोरी''' -- an iron safe, chest, cash box -- ಇರ್‌ಬ್ ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ, ಛಂದೂಕ '''तितर-बितर''' -- scattered, dispersed, diffused -- ಚದುರುವ '''तितली''' -- butterfly, glamour girl -- ಪಾಪ್‌ಲಿ '''तिथि''' -- date -- ತಾರೀಖ್ '''तिदरी''' -- a three door verandah -- ಮೂಂದ್ ಪಡಿರ ಕೈಯಾಲೆ '''तिनका''' -- a straw -- ಪಿಲ್ಲ್ ಕಡ್ಡಿ '''तिपाई''' -- a tripod -- ಮುಕ್ಕಾಲಿ '''तिमाही''' -- quarterly, a fourth part -- ಕಾಲ್‌ಭಾಗ '''तिमिर''' -- darkness, blindness, lack of sight -- ಮಂದ ದೃಷ್ಠಿ '''तिरंगा''' -- tri-coloured -- ಮೂಂದ್ ರಂಗ್‌ರ '''तिरछा''' -- slanting, oblique, askew -- ಬರ್ ಬರಿಕ್ ತರಿವ '''तिरना''' -- to float -- ತೇಲ್‌ವ '''तिरस्कार''' -- contempt, slight, disregard -- ಬೊಂಡಾಂದ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''तिरानबे''' -- ninety three -- ತೊಂಬತ್ತ ಮೂಂದ್ '''तिरासी''' -- eighty three -- ಏಂಬತ್ತ ಮೂಂದ್ '''तिराहा''' -- a junction of three roads -- ಮೂಂದ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಕೂಡುವ '''तिरिया''' -- a woman, lady, female -- ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್ '''तिरोहित''' -- fade, pass away, disappeared -- ಕಾಂಗತಾಪ '''तिर्यक''' -- slanting, oblique, crooked -- ಡೊಂಕಾಯ್ತ್ '''तिलक''' -- religious mark on the forehead -- ನೆತ್ತಿ ಕುರಿ, ನೆತ್ತಿ ಬೊಟ್ಟ '''तिलंगा''' -- native soldier -- ಊರ್ ಪಟ್ಟಾಳ '''तिल्ली''' -- spleen, anger -- ಚೆಡಿ '''तिहरा''' -- triple, triplicate, threefold -- ಮೂಂದ್ ಕುರಿ '''तीक्षण''' -- sharp, keen, pungent -- ಕಡಪ '''तीखा''' -- sharp, pungent, harsh -- ಕಡಪ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''तीन''' -- three, the number three -- ಮೂಂದ್ '''तीर''' -- an arrow, a shaft, shore -- ಅಂಬ್, ಮೊಣೆ ಕೊಕ್ಕೆ '''तीर्थ''' -- holy place, pilgrimage place, sacred place -- ಪುಣ್ಯ ಜಾಗ '''तीव्र''' -- fast, pungent, high -- ಜೊರಾಯ್ತ್ '''तीस''' -- thirty -- ನುಪ್ಪದ್ '''तुच्छ''' -- petty, trivial, trifle -- ಚೆರಿಯದ್ '''तुझ''' -- for you -- ನೀಕ್ '''तुपक''' -- a small gun -- ಚೆರಿಯ ತೋಕ್ '''तुफ़ैल''' -- cause, means, intervention -- ಕಾರಣ '''तुम''' -- you -- ನೀನ್ '''तुरन्त''' -- at once, quickly, forthwith -- ಒಮ್ಮಕೆ, ಒಮ್ಮರ '''तुर्श''' -- sour, acidic, unpleasant -- ಪುಳಿ, ಪುಳಿ '''तुलनात्मक''' -- comparative, resemblance, similarity -- ಹೊಲ್‌ಚುಡ್‌ವ '''तुल्य''' -- equivalent -- ಸರಿಸಮ '''तुल्यता''' -- equivalence, equality in value, significance -- ಸರಿಸಮನಾಯ್ತ್ '''तुष्ट''' -- satisfied, gratified, contented -- ಸಮಾದಾನ '''तुष्टीकरण''' -- appease, appeasement -- ಕಮ್ಮಿ ತ್‌ರ್‌ತ್ ಕಾಂಬ '''तूफ़ान''' -- storm, hurricane, tempest -- ಬಾರಿಬಲ್ಯಕಾತ್ '''तूल''' -- length, prolixity, coition -- ಉದ್ದ '''तृतीय''' -- third -- ಮೂಂದನೆ '''तृप्त''' -- contended, gratified, fulfilled -- ತೃಪ್ತಿ '''तृष्णा''' -- thirst, greed, craving -- ಕೆಲ ಉರಿ '''तेईस''' -- twenty-three -- ಇರವತ್ಮೂಂದ್ '''तेग''' -- a sword, cutlass, scimitar -- ಕತ್ತಿ '''तेज''' -- glow, splendour, brilliance -- ಎಲಂಗುವ '''तेजस्वी''' -- brilliant, luminous, glowing -- ದುಂಬ ಹುಷಾರುಳ್ಳಂವ '''तेल''' -- oil -- ಎಣ್ಣೆ '''तैतालीस''' -- forty-three -- ನಾಪತ್ತ ಮೂಂದ್ '''तैतीस''' -- thirty three -- ನುಪ್ಪತ್ತ ಮೂಂದ್ '''तैनात''' -- deployed, posted, appointed -- ಕೆಲಸಕ್ಕ್ ಆಯಿಪ, ಕೆಲಸಕ್ಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ಪ '''तैयार''' -- ready, willing, prepared -- ಪೊರ್‌ಡುವೊ '''तैरना''' -- to swim, to float -- ಮೀಂದುವ, ತೇಲ್‌ವ '''तैरा''' -- provocation, rage, wrath -- ಕೆಣಕ್‌ವ '''तोड़ना''' -- to break, to violate, to fracture -- ಪೊಳಿಪ, ತುಂಡ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ '''तोड़ा''' -- scarcity, deficiency, name of an ornament worn round the wrist -- ಪೋರ ತಾಪ ಬಳೆ '''तोता''' -- parrot -- ಗ್‌ಣಿ '''तोल''' -- weight, load, saddle -- ಭಾರ, ಕುದುರೆರ ಮೇಲೆ ಅಳಪ ಸಾಧನ '''तोलना''' -- to weigh, to balance, to gauge -- ಅಳೆಪ (ತೂಕ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ) '''तोष''' -- appeasement, gratification, satisfaction -- ಸಮಾಧಾನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ '''तोहफ़ा''' -- a present, gift, donation -- ಕೊದಿ ಮೊದ '''तौर''' -- method, mode, way -- ಕ್ರಮ '''तौलिया''' -- a towel, to wipe or dry with a cloth, an absorbent cloth -- ತೋರತ ಬೌಲೆಮುಂಡ್ '''तौहीन''' -- insult, disrespect, contempt -- ಹಿಯಾಳ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವ '''त्यजन''' -- abandoning, renouncing, forsaking -- ಬೌಡ್‌ವ '''त्याग''' -- abandonment, relinquishment, sacrifice -- ಬುಟ್ಟ್ ‌ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''त्यागना''' -- to abandon, to give up, to renounce -- ಬುಡುವ, ಬೌಡ್‌ವ '''त्यागी''' -- one who has made sacrifices, renouncer, a recluse -- ಬುಟ್ಟ್ ‌ಕೊಡ್‌ಪಂವ ತ್ಯಾಗಿ '''त्याज्य''' -- abandonable, fit to be forsaken, renounceable -- ಚಾಡುವ ಸಾಮಾನ್ '''त्यौहार''' -- festival, religious celebration, ceremonies -- ನಮ್ಮೆ '''त्रयोदश''' -- thirteen -- ಪದಿಮೂಂದ್ '''त्रस्त''' -- frightened, scared, terrified -- ಬೊತ್ತ್ ವ, ಪೋಡಿ ಪೋಡಿ ಕಳಿಪ '''त्राण''' -- protection, defense, shelter -- ಕಾಪಾಡುವ (ರಕ್ಷಣೆ) '''त्रास''' -- fear, fright, scare -- ಪೋಡಿ '''त्रासदी''' -- tragedy, terrifying, dreadful -- ದುರಂತ '''त्रिया''' -- a woman, lady, female -- ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್ '''त्रुटि''' -- an error, mistake, defect -- ಪಾಳ್ '''त्रैमासिक''' -- a measure of capacity, quarterly, one fourth -- ಮೂಂದ್ ತಿಂಗಕೊಮ್ಮ (ಕಾಲ್‌ಭಾಗ) '''त्वचा''' -- the skin, fur, hull -- ತೋಲ್ '''त्वरण''' -- a change in velocity, acceleration, increase of speed -- ಚುರ್‌ಕ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ '''त्वरा''' -- haste, quickness, urgently -- ಅಲ್‌ಬಲ್ (ಆತುರ) '''त्वरित्''' -- quick, swift, fast -- ಬೆರಿಯ '''थ''' -- the second letter of the fourth pentad of the Devanagari alphabet -- ಥ '''थकना''' -- to be tired, fatigued, exhausted -- ಸುಸ್ತ್ ಕಯ್ಯತ್ತಾಪ '''थंकान''' -- weariness, fatigue, tiredness -- ಕಯ್ಯತ್ತಾಪ, ಸುಸ್ತಾಪ '''थकावट''' -- tiredness, fatigue, enervated -- ಶಕ್ತಿ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ, ಬಲ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''थकित''' -- tired, wearied, exhausted -- ಸುಸ್ತ್, ದುಂಬಕಯ್ಯತೆ '''थक्का''' -- a clot in the blood, lump, swelling -- ಬಣ್ಣ ಬೆಚ್ಚವ '''थन''' -- under, beneath, protected -- ಒಳ್‌ಲ್ ಅಡ್‌ಕಿತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''थपकना''' -- to pat, to tap -- ತಟ್ಟವ '''थपकी''' -- pat, tap -- ತಟ್ಟ್ ವ '''थपड़ी''' -- a clap, clapping, applaud -- ಕೈತಟ್ಟವ '''थपेड़ा''' -- a violent blow, stroke, buffet -- ಜೊರಾಯ್ತ್ ಗುದ್ದುವ, ಜೊರಾಯ್ತ್ ಪೊಯಿವ '''थप्पड़''' -- a slap, buffet, spank -- ಪೊಯಿತ್, ಗುದ್ದವ '''थंब''' -- a pillar, support, a post -- ಕಂಬ್ '''थमना''' -- to stop, to come, to wait -- ನಿಪ್ಪ್ ಚುಡವ,ಪಾರಕಾಪ '''थमाना''' -- to handover, to entrust, giving charge -- ಇಂಞಬ್ಬಂಗ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''थरथर''' -- trembling, oscillate, shudder -- ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪ '''थर्मस''' -- a thermos flask -- ಥಮಾಣಿ ಪ್ಲಾಸ್ಕ್ '''थल''' -- land, place, an open space -- ಭೂಮಿ, ಜಾಗ '''थहराना''' -- to become still, to settle down, establish -- ಅನ್‌ಗತೆ ನಿಪ್ಪ, ನಿಂದಲ್ಲಿ ನಿಪ್ಪ '''थाक''' -- stick, wand, a baton -- ತಂಡ್,ದೊಣ್ಣೆ '''थाती''' -- a trust, anything entrusted to somebody, a change -- ನಂಬಿಕೆ '''थान''' -- a long piece of cloth of standard size, place -- ತಾನ್ (ಉದ್ದ ಬಟ್ಟೆರ Std. size) '''थाना''' -- police station -- ಪೋಲೀಸ್ ಸ್ಟೇಶನ್ '''थानेदार''' -- police sub inspector -- ಪೋಲೀಸ್ ಸಬ್ ಇನ್ಸ್ ಪೆಕ್ಟರ್ '''थापना''' -- installation, instate, invest -- ಪ್ರತಿಸ್ಟಾಪನೆ, ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ '''थामना''' -- to stop, to hold, to grasp, to prop, to support, to restrain, to resist -- ನಿಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''थाहना''' -- to fathom, to sound, to estimate the depth -- ಆಳ ನೋಟವ '''थिर''' -- stable, static, tranquil -- ಬಾಳಿಕೆ ಬಪ್ಪದ್ '''थुथना''' -- a nozzle, projecting spout, discharging pipe -- ಕಣ್ಣ ಉಳ್ಳಪೈಪರ ತುದಿ '''थूक''' -- spittle, sputum, saliva -- ತುಪ್ಪ್ ನೀರ್ '''थूकना''' -- to spit, to reproach and reprove, to treat with contempt -- ತುಪ್ಪ್‌ವ '''थूनी''' -- a small post, prop, pillar -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಕಂಬ್ '''थैला''' -- a bag, sack, haversack, wallet -- ಚೀಲ '''थैली''' -- a money bag, small bag, pouch, pocket -- ದುಡ್‌ರ ಚೀಲ, ಚೆರಿಯ ಚೀಲ '''थोड़ा''' -- a little, some, meagre, scanty, short -- ಚೆನ್ನಂಗ್ '''थोथा''' -- hollow, empty, worthless, unsubstantial -- ಟೊಳ್ಳ್, ಕಾಲಿ '''थोपना''' -- to impose, to thrust upon, to implant, to plaster -- ಕೊಡಿಕ್‌ನೋಟಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''द''' -- the third letter of the fourth pentad of the Devanagari alphabet -- ದ '''दई''' -- providence, fate, destiny -- ವಿಧಿ, ಹಣೆಬರ '''दक्ष''' -- efficient, expert, competent -- ದುಂಬಾ ಪಡ್‌ಚಂವ '''दक्षिण''' -- south, right, the direction in which this point lies -- ತೆಕ್ಕ್ '''दक्षिणा''' -- honorarium, remuneration -- ದಕ್ಷಿಣೆ '''दक्षिणायन''' -- the movement of the sun to the south of the equator -- ತೆಕ್ಕ್ ಕತ್ತಟಿ ತಿರುವ '''दख़ल''' -- interference, interruption, to meddle -- ಮದ್ಯ ಮಂಡೆ ಇಡ್‌ವ '''दंग''' -- wonder, astonished, surprised -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯಪಡುವ '''दंगई''' -- turbulent, rowdy, riotous -- ಕೇಡ್‌ಕಂಡೆ, ರೌಡಿ '''दंगल''' -- a wrestling tournament of sportsman -- ಕುಸ್ತಿಕಳಿಕಾರಂಡ ಕಳಿ '''दग़ा''' -- treachery, deception, trick -- ದಗಾ '''दंगा''' -- a riot, disturbance, uproar -- ದೊಂಬಿ, ಗಲಾಟೆ '''दगीला''' -- stained, specked, to mark with -- ಕಲೆ '''दग्ध''' -- burnt, scorched, destroy -- (ಬೆಂಜದ್) ಚುಟ್ಟದ್ '''दचकना''' -- to bump, collide with, to demote -- ಒಮ್ಮೆಕೆ ಪಾರ್‌ವ '''दंड''' -- punishment, penalty, fine -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ಪಣ '''दंडनीय''' -- punishable, liable to be punished, penalised -- ಶಿಕ್ಷೆಕ್ ಗುರಿಯಾಯಿತ್ '''दंडवत्''' -- prostration, depression, exhaustion -- ಸುಸ್ತಾಯಿತ್ ಇಪ್ಪ '''दंडात्मक''' -- penal, involving punishment, fire -- ಶಿಕ್ಷಿಕ್ ಅರ್ಹ, ತಿತ್ತ್ '''दंडादेश''' -- Condemnation, strong censure, diapprobation -- ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ '''दंडाधिकारी''' -- nùhb÷ÉÊvÉEòÉ®úÒ, 12. xªÉɪÉÉvÉÒ¶É, xªÉɪÉÉvªÉIÉ, ¶ÉɺÉxÉEòiÉÉÇ -- ನ್ಯಾಯಾಧೀಶ '''दंडित''' -- penalised, punished, castigate -- ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''दंत''' -- a tooth -- ಪಲ್ಲ್ '''दंतावली''' -- the row of teeth, denture, jaws, dental prosthesis -- ಪಲ್ಲ್‌ರ ಸಾಲ್ '''दत्त''' -- given, assigned, fixed -- ಕೊಡ್‌ತದ '''दत्तक''' -- adopted, as one's own child, a kind of new relationship -- ದತ್ತ್ ಎಡ್‌ತಂಡಿಯೆ '''दत्तचित्त''' -- deeply, fully attentive, concentrated -- ಮುಳಿಪೊಪ, ಮನಸ್‌ಟ್ಟಿತ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''दंत्य''' -- dental, pertaining to the teeth, dental sound -- ಪಲ್ಲ್‌ಕ್ ಸಂಭಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''दंदान''' -- a tooth, a dentist, a profession in dentistry -- ಪಲ್ಲ್, ಪಲ್ಲ್ ಡಾಕ್ಟರ್ '''ददिया''' -- pertaining to paternal grand parents -- ಅಪ್ಪಂಡ ಅವ್ವ ಅಪ್ಪ '''दधि''' -- curd, coagulated milk, pastered milk -- ಕಟ್ಟಿ ಮೋರ್ '''दंपति''' -- couple, husband and wife, pair -- ಒಡಿಯ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''दफ़न''' -- burial, grave -- ಚಾವು ಪೂಪದ್ '''दफ़नाना''' -- to bury, to entomb, grave -- ಚಾವು ಪೂಪ '''दफ़रा''' -- a fender, guard, security -- ಪಾರಕಾರ '''दफ़ा''' -- a time, the number of times, spell -- ಒಮ್ಮ, ಸುಮಾರ್‌ಕುರಿ '''दफ़्तर''' -- an office, work, duty -- ಒರ್ ಆಫೀಸ್, ಕೆಲಸ, ಕಾರ್‌ಬಾರ್ '''दबंग''' -- overbearing, strong headed, dauntless -- ಗರ್ವಿ '''दबना''' -- to be pressed, to yield, to submit -- ಅಮುಕ್‌ವ '''दबाऊ''' -- weighty, by the head, by force -- ಮಂಡೆ ಭಾರ ಉಳ್ಳವ '''दबाना''' -- to press, to suppress, to submit -- ಅಮ್ಕಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''दबाव''' -- pressure, direness, suppression -- ಒತ್ತಡ '''दंभ''' -- conceit, vain glory, vanity -- ಗರು, ಹಾಂಕಾರ '''दंभी''' -- conceited, vainglorious, proud -- ಗರ್ವಿಷ್ಠ, ದುರಾಂಕಾರಿ '''दम''' -- breath, life, stabbing -- ಉಸ್‌ರ್, ಜಿಂವ '''दमक''' -- flash, brilliance, glow -- ಮಿನ್ನ್‌ವದ್ '''दमकना''' -- to flash, to glitter, to glow -- ಮಿನ್ನುವ '''दमन''' -- suppression, repression, control -- ಒತ್ತಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪ, ಮುರ್‌ಕಿ ಪುಡಿ, ಪುಡತ, ಮುಚ್ಚಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''दमा''' -- asthma, aasmus, disease of the lungs -- ನೇವಸ, ಯಾಂಗ '''दयनीय''' -- pitiable, pity, compassion -- ದಯ, ಕನಿಕರ '''दया''' -- pity, mercy, compassion -- ದಯ, ಕನಿಕರ '''दयानत''' -- honesty, genuiness, truthfulness -- ನಲ್ಲರಿಕೆ, ಸತ್ಯಕೊತ್ತತ್ತಿಪ್ಪದ್, ನಂಬಿಕೆ '''दयालु''' -- kind, kind hearted, generous -- ನಲ್ಲ ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ಕಾರ '''दर''' -- rate, rank, measure -- ಕ್ರಯ, ಬೆಲೆ '''दरख्वास्त''' -- application, petition, request -- ಅರ್ಜಿ '''दरबान''' -- gate keeper, of a watchman, guard -- ಪಾರಕಾರ '''दरबार''' -- royal court, secretariat, kings presence -- ರಾಜಂಡ ಆಸ್ಥಾನ '''दरमियान''' -- middle, during, in between -- ಮದ್ಯ, ಮದ್ಯ ಬಾಗತ್ '''दरवाजा''' -- a door, door leaves, access -- ಪಡಿ '''दरिद्र''' -- poor, pauper, meagre -- ದರಿದ್ರ '''दरिया''' -- a river -- ಒರ್ ಪೊಳೆ '''दरियाफ़त''' -- an enquiry, interrogate, question -- ವಿಚಾರಣೆ '''दरी''' -- a cotton carpet, a heavy fabric, a covering of this material -- ಪರ್ತಿರ ಪಲಂಬ್ '''दर्ज''' -- recorded, entered, noted -- ಎಳ್‌ದಿತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''दर्जन''' -- a dozen, a group of 12, twelve -- ಪನ್ನೆರಂಡ್, ಒರ್ ಡಜ್‌ನ್ '''दर्जा''' -- class, degree, rank -- ಪದವಿ '''दर्जी''' -- a tailor, making clothes, mending clothes, profession of tailor -- ದರ್ಜಿ '''दर्द''' -- pain, ache, affliction -- ನೊಂಬಲ '''दर्प''' -- arrogance, insolence, disdain -- ದುರಂಹಕಾರಿ '''दर्पण''' -- a looking glass, mirror -- ಕನ್ನಡಿ '''दर्शक''' -- an onlooker, a spectator, visitor -- ನೋಟುವಯಿಂಗ '''दर्शन''' -- visit, sight, view -- ನೋಟ್‌ವಕ್ ಪೋಪ '''दल''' -- party, group, team -- ಕೂಟ '''दलदल''' -- marsh, mass, fen -- ಕೊರ್‌ಜಿ, ಪೊಡ್‌ವ್ '''दलना''' -- to grind coarsely, to mill, to crush -- ಪೊಡಿಪೊಡಿ ಮಾಡುವ '''दलाल''' -- an agent, a broken, middleman -- ದಳ್ಳಾಳಿ '''दलित''' -- downtrodden, depressed, morbid -- ಗರೀಬಂಗ '''दलिया''' -- mash, hominy, porridge -- ಅಂಬಲಿ ಕಂಜಿ '''दलील''' -- a plea, an argument, request -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಬಾಕ್ '''दवा''' -- medicine, drug, cure -- ಮದ್ದ್, ವಾಸಿ ಮಾಡುವ '''दवात''' -- inkpot, for holding ink -- ಇಂಕ್‌ಕುಡಿಕ್, ಮಸಿಕುಡಿಕೆ '''दवामी''' -- permanent, stable, constant -- ಕಾಯಿಮೆ '''दश''' -- ten, a cardinal number -- ಪತ್ತ್ '''दशक''' -- a decade, decennium, a period of ten years -- ಪತ್ತ್ ನೆ ಕಾಲ '''दशम''' -- the tenth -- ಪತ್ತನೆ '''दशा''' -- condition, state, proviso -- ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''दशाब्द''' -- decade, a period of ten years -- ಪತ್ತ್ ಕಾಲ '''दस्तकार''' -- craftsman, an artisan, tradesman -- ಕೆಲಸಕಾರ, ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿ '''दस्तकारी''' -- handicraft, craft, trade -- ಕೈಕೆಲಸ, ಕೆಲಸ, ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ '''दस्तख़त''' -- signature, the act of signing document -- ಒಪ್ಪ್ '''दस्तावेज''' -- document, deed, process -- ಎಳ್ತ್ ಕುತ್ತ್ '''दस्तूर''' -- custom, practice, constitution -- ಪದ್ದತಿ '''दहन''' -- burning, combustion, sensation -- ಜೀವ, ಚುಡುವ '''दही''' -- curd, coagulated milk -- ಕಟ್ಟಿಮೊರ್ '''दहेज''' -- dowry, wife's property -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್‌ರ ಆಸ್ತಿ '''दाई''' -- midwife, nurse, help -- ನರ್ಸ್ '''दाख़िल''' -- admitted, entered, insert -- ಕೂಟ್‌ವ '''दाग''' -- cremation, setting on fire, by fire -- ಚಾವ್ ಚುಡುವ '''दाढ़ी''' -- beard, the growth of the hair on the face, often including a mustache -- ತಾಡಿ '''दाँत''' -- a tooth, any projection, one of the projections of the comb -- ಪಲ್ಲ್ '''दातव्य''' -- donative, charitable, gift -- ಉದಾರ '''दाता''' -- a giver, donor, benefactor -- ಉದಾರಿ, ದಾನಿ '''दादा''' -- grandfather, a forefather, a originator of the family -- ತಾತ '''दान''' -- donation, charity, gift -- ದಾನ '''दाना''' -- grain, corn, seed -- ಕಾಳ್ '''दानी''' -- generous, charitable, bountiful -- ದಾನಿ '''दांपतिक''' -- conjugal, couple, pair -- ಒಡಿಯ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್, ದಂಪತಿ '''दांपत्य''' -- conjugal, marital, married couple -- ಮಂಗಲಾನಯಿಂಗ '''दाब''' -- pressure, strains, impression -- ಒತ್ತಡ '''दाबना''' -- to press, to keep in check, to squeeze -- ಅವುಂತ್‌ವ '''दाम''' -- price, value, a rope -- ಬೆಲೆ, ಒರ್‌ಕೇರ್ '''दामाद''' -- son-in-law, the husband of one's daughter -- ಮೈಮಾ '''दाय''' -- heritage, inheritance, estate -- ಒಕ್ಕತ್ರ ಆಸ್ತಿ, ಪಿತ್ರಾಜಿತ '''दायर''' -- legal suit, petition, request -- ದಾವಾರ್ಜಿ '''दायरा''' -- a circle, ring, range -- ಉರ್‌ಟ್ '''दायित्व''' -- liability, responsibility, obligation -- ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ '''दारिद्रय''' -- poverty, indigence, penury -- ಗರೀಬ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''दारु''' -- liquor, juice, drippings -- ಕಳ್ಳ್, ಪಣ್ಣ್ ರಸ '''दारुण''' -- horrible, severe, unadorned -- ಭಯಂಕರ, ಬಾರಿ ಜೊರ್ '''दाल''' -- pulse, edible seeds, as peas -- ಬೇಳೆ ಕಾಳ್, ಎಣ್ಣಿಕಾಳ್ '''दाव''' -- stake, opportunity, chance -- ಪಂತಕಟ್ಟವ, ನಲ್ಲನೇರ, ನಲ್ಲ ಯೋಗ '''दावत''' -- feast, banquet, invitation -- ಗದ್ದಾಳ ಉಟ '''दावा''' -- claims, suit, a petition -- ಹಕ್ಕ್ ಕೇಪ '''दावेदार''' -- a client, a petition, rampant -- ಗಿರಾಕಿ, ಒರ್ ಅರ್ಜಿ, ಮೇಲೆ ಬೂಪನಕೆ ನಿಂದಿತುಳ್ಳ '''दास''' -- a slave, servant, serf -- ಆಳ್, ಕೆಲಸಕಾರ '''दासी''' -- a maid-servant, a female servant, female domestic servant -- ಮನೆಕೆಲಸ ಕರ್‌ತಿ '''दास्य''' -- service, slavish, humble -- ಬೌಕ್‌ರಿ, ಸೇವೆ '''दाह''' -- burning, heat, inflammation -- ಚುಡುವ, ಉರಿ, ಉರಿಬಾವು '''दाहक''' -- incendiary, causing burns, inflammatory -- ಮನೆಕ್ ತಿತ್ತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪ, ಬೆಂಜಲ್ಲಿಕ್ ಉಪ್ಪ್‌ಇಡುವ '''दिक''' -- vexed, harassed, tuberculosis -- ಕಿರ್‌ಕ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''दिक''' -- direction, quarter, space -- ದಿಕ್ಕ್ '''दिक्कत''' -- difficulty, trouble, disturb -- ಕಷ್ಟ '''दिखना''' -- to be visible, seen, sighted -- ಕಾಂಬದ್ '''दिखाऊ''' -- presentable, worth seeing, showy -- ನೊಟುವಕ್ ಸರಿಯಾನದ್ '''दिखावट''' -- show, display, ostentation -- ಕಾಟ್ '''दिगम्बर''' -- naked, unclad, stark naked -- ಬೆತ್ತೆಲೆ '''दिग्दर्शक''' -- a director, supervisor, head -- ಕೊರವಕಾರ '''दिग्दर्शन''' -- direction, the act, directing -- ಕಾಟಿಕೊಡಪ '''दिन''' -- a day, the light of day, day light -- ದಿವಸ '''दिनचर्या''' -- daily routine, dailies -- ದಿನಚರಿ '''दिनांक''' -- date, a particular day -- ತಾರೀಖ್ '''दिनेश''' -- sun, head of the solar family, star -- ಸೂರಿಯ '''दिमाग''' -- brain, mind, intellect -- ಬುದ್ದಿ '''दिया''' -- a lamp, a worship, spiritual light -- ಬೊಳ್‌ಚ '''दिल''' -- the heart, courage, spirit -- ಎದೆಗೂಡ್, ಧೈರ್ಯ '''दिलचस्प''' -- interesting, absorbing, entertaining -- ಬಾರಿ ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳದ್ '''दिलाना''' -- handed over, to cause to be given, entrusted -- ಇಂಞ್ಞಬ್ಬಂಗ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''दिलासा''' -- consolation, solace, assurance -- ಸಮಾಧಾನ '''दिवंगत''' -- deceased, late, dilatory -- ಚತ್ತ್‌ಪೊನ '''दिवाला''' -- bankruptcy, insolvency, failure -- ದುಡ್ಡ್‌ಕಳಂದವ, ದಿವಾಳಿ '''दिव्य''' -- divine, celestial, supreme -- ದೇವಡನ್ನನೆ '''दिसंबर''' -- month of December -- ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ತಿಂಗ '''दीक्षक''' -- an initiator, a perceptor, introduce -- ಜ್ಞಾನ ಭೂದಕ, ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪಂವ '''दीक्षा''' -- initiation, preceptor, commence -- ದೀಕ್ಷೆ '''दीखना''' -- to be visible, evident, discernible -- ಚಾಯಿತೆ ಕಾಂಬದ್ '''दीदार''' -- sight, view, appearance -- ಕಾಂಬಕುಟ್ಟ್‌ವ '''दीन''' -- poor, miserable, humble -- ಗರೀಬ '''दीपक''' -- a lamp, worship, spiritual lamp -- ದೇವಡ ಬೊಳ್‌ಚ '''दीप्त''' -- radiant, luminous, bright -- ಜೋರಾನ ಬೊಳಿ '''दीप्ति''' -- luster, splendour, flash -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಬೊಳಿ '''दीर्घ''' -- long, large, wide -- ಉದ್ದ, ಬಣ್ಣ, ಅಗಲ '''दीर्घावधि''' -- long term, covering long period, long term bond -- ದೀರ್ಘ ಕಾಲ '''दीवाना''' -- mad, crazy, insane -- ಪುಚ್ಚ, ಮಂಡೆ ಸರಿ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ, ಪಿರಾಂದ '''दुआ''' -- prayer, blessings, worship -- ದೇವಳ ತೊಪ್ಪ '''दुकान''' -- a shop, a profession, one's trade -- ಅಂಗಡಿ '''दुकाल''' -- famine, scarcity, paucity -- ಬರ '''दुःख''' -- sorrow, unhappiness, suffering -- ಬೇಜಾರ '''दुग्ध''' -- milk -- ಪಾಲ್ '''दुनिया''' -- the world, earth, universe -- ವಿಶ್ವ '''दुबला''' -- lean, thin, weak -- ತಳ್ಳನೆ '''दुबिधा''' -- dilemma, difficulty, question -- ಇಕ್ಕಟ್ '''दुम''' -- tail, rump, slang -- ಬಾಲ್ (ಬಾಲ) '''दुरभिसंधि''' -- a conspiracy, collusion, secret plot -- ಪಿತೂರಿ '''दुरवस्था''' -- predicament -- ದುರವಸ್ಥೆ '''दुराकृति''' -- ugly, deformed, reshaped -- ಕುರೂಪಿ '''दुराग्रह''' -- contumacy, pertinacity, importunity -- ಹಟಮಾರಿತನ '''दुराचरण''' -- misconduct, wickedness, immorality -- ಬೋಂಡತ ಕಳಿ '''दुरात्मा''' -- wicked, vicious, vile -- ದುಷ್ಟ '''दुराशय''' -- malafide, bad faith, not genuine -- ಅಪನಂಬಿಕೆ '''दुराशा''' -- false hope, bad faith, incorrect -- ಅಪನಂಬಿಕೆ ಸರಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ '''दुरुपयोग''' -- misuse, misapplication, misappropriation -- ದುರುಪಯೋಗ '''दुरूस्त''' -- proper, fit, correct, all right -- ಸರಿಯಾನದ್ '''दुरूह''' -- obscure, abstruse, unintelligigle -- ಮಂಕ್‌ಕವಂಜ '''दुर्ग''' -- fort, castle, citadel -- ಕೋಟೆ '''दुर्गति''' -- predicament, miserable state, unbearable position -- ದುರ್ಗತಿ '''दुर्गंध''' -- bad odour, stink, stench -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ವಾಸನೆ '''दुर्गम''' -- difficult, inaccessible, intricate -- ಕಷ್ಟತ್ತ್‌ರ, ಕಡ್‌ಪತ '''दुर्गुण''' -- defect, fault, blemish -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಬುದ್ದಿ, ಊನ '''दुर्घटना''' -- an accident, mishap, tragic incident -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಘಟನೆ '''दुर्जन''' -- wicked person, rascal, scoundrel -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಮನಸ (ಮನುಷ್ಯ) ಕೆಟ್ಟಂವ '''दुर्दम''' -- indomitable, irresponsible, unyielding -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟತಂತದ್ '''दुर्दशा''' -- predicament, miserable, plight -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಗಳಿಗೆ '''दुर्नम्य''' -- inflexible, rigid, stiff -- ಒಗ್ಗತಂವ '''दुर्नीति''' -- impolitic conduct, bad policy -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ನಡತೆ '''दुर्बल''' -- weak, feeble, powerless -- ಕೈಲಾಗತಂವ '''दुर्बुद्धि''' -- evil minded, stupid, foolish -- ಕೇಡ್ ಬುದ್ದಿ '''दुर्भर''' -- onerous, arduous, toilsome -- ಭಾರ ಆನದ್ '''दुर्भाग्य''' -- misfortune, ill-luck, tragedy -- ನಸೀಬ್ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ '''दुर्लभ''' -- rare, scarce, unavailable, excellent, unique -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟತಂತಾದ್ '''दुर्वचन''' -- abuse, foul tongued -- ಬೈಯುವ '''दुर्वह''' -- unbearable, difficult to carry, fussy -- ಸಹಿಸೋತಯ್ಯತದ '''दुर्वासना''' -- malevolence, malicious disposition, intention -- ನಾತ, ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ ನಾತ '''दुर्विनियोग''' -- misappropriation, misuse, improper use -- ದುರುಪಯೋಗ '''दुलखना''' -- to reject, not accede to, refuse -- ಬೋಂಡತೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''दुलहन''' -- bride, newly married woman -- ಮಂಗಲ ಕರ್ತಿ '''दुविधा''' -- a dilemma, finical, fix -- ಕಿಸ್ಕಿಂದ '''दुव्र्यवस्था''' -- maladministration, mismanagement, wrong maintenance -- ಸರಿಇಲ್ಲತ ಕೊರವಕಾರಿಕೆ '''दुव्र्यवहार''' -- misbehaviour, misconduct, ill treatment -- ಕೆಟ್ (ವ್ಯವಹಾರ) ನಡತೆ '''दुश्चक्र''' -- a vicious circle, sinful, malevolent -- ಕೇಡ್ ಮಾಡುವಂವ, ಕೇಡ್‌ಕಂಡೆ '''दुश्चरित्र''' -- misconduct, malfeasance, depravity -- ಪಾಳ್ ಬದ್‌ಕ್ '''दुश्मन''' -- enemy, foe, antagonist -- ಶತ್ರು '''दुष्कर''' -- difficult, hard, arduous -- ಕಡಪ '''दुष्कर्म''' -- a misdeed, sin, vice -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ ಕೆಲಸ '''दुष्काल''' -- hard time, time of scarcity, famine -- ಕಷ್ಟ ಕಾಲ '''दुष्कीर्ति''' -- infamy, disrepute, ill-reputation -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ ಪೆದ '''दुष्कृत्य''' -- tort, evil deed, misdeed -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಫಣಿ '''दुष्ट''' -- wicked, vile, knave -- ಕೆಟ್ಟಂವ '''दुष्प्रकृति''' -- ill-temper, evil nature, vile nature -- ಚೂಡ '''दुष्प्रयोग''' -- misuse, misappropriation, wrong management -- ದುರ್ಬಳಕೆ/ ಕೆಟ್ಟಂಗ್ ಬಳ್‌ಸುವ '''दुष्प्रवृत्ति''' -- ill trend, mean mentality, low mined -- ಬೋಂಡತ ಬೌಲ್ '''दुःसह''' -- intolerable, unbearable, unendurable -- ಸಹಿಸ್ವ ಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''दुःसाध्य''' -- difficult, a duos, intricate -- ಕಡಪ '''दुःसाहस''' -- audacity, effrontery, cheeck -- ಕಡಪ ಕೆಲಸ '''दुहराना''' -- to repeat, to say again, to revise -- ಎಣ್ಣಾನೆ ಎಣ್‌ವ, ಅಕ್ಕಕ್ಕ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ವ '''दुहिता''' -- a daughter -- ಒರ್ ಮೊವ '''दूत''' -- a messenger, courier, bearer -- ಸುದ್ದಿ ಎತ್ತಿಚಿಡುವವ '''दूतावास''' -- an embassy, a mission headed -- ರಾಯಭಾರಿ ಕಚೇರಿ '''दूर''' -- far off, far away, away -- ದುಂಬ ದೂರ '''दूरी''' -- distance, remoteness, range -- ದೂರ '''दूल्हा''' -- a bride groom, husband -- ಮಂಗಲಕಾರ '''दूषण''' -- contamination, polluted, adulteration -- ಕಲ್ಂಗ್‌ನ ವಾತಾವರಣ '''दूसरा''' -- second, other, another -- ದಂಡನೆ, ಬೊರೆ '''दृढ़''' -- firm, resolute, strong willed -- ಗಟ್ಟಿ, ಗಟ್ಟಿ ಮನಸ್ಸ್ '''दृढ़ता''' -- firmness, strength, rigidity -- ಗಟ್ಟಿ ಮುಟ್ಟ್ '''दृप्त''' -- arrogant, overbearing, presumptuous -- ಬಾರಿ (ಬಲ್ಯರಿಕೆ) ಹಾಂಕಾರಿ '''दृश्य''' -- a scene, sight, view -- (ದೃಷ್ಯ) ಬೊಜ '''दृश्यमान''' -- visible, apparent, obvious -- ಕಾಂಬಂತದ್ '''दृष्टि''' -- sight, view, vision, glance -- ನೋಟ್‌ವ '''देखभाल''' -- care, maintenance, supervision -- ಕೊರ್‌ವ ಕಾರಿಕೆ '''देन''' -- contribution, gift, giving -- ಕಾಣಿಕೆ ಮೊದ '''देना''' -- contribution, gift, giving -- ಕಾಣಿಕೆ, ಮೊದ '''देय''' -- worth giving, payable, due -- ಕೊಡ್‌ಪದ ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''देर''' -- delay, slow, detain -- ತಡ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ '''देवर''' -- husband's younger brother -- ಮುಚ್ಚಣ (ಒಡಿಯಂಡ ತಮ್ಮಣ) '''देवरानी''' -- husband's younger brother's wife -- ಮಾತಂಗೆ (ಒಡಿಯಂಡ ತಮ್ಮಣಂಡ ಪೊಣ್) '''देवालय''' -- temple, seat, holy place -- ತಿರಿಕೆ (ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ) '''देवी''' -- a goddess -- ದೇವಿ, ತಾಯಿ '''देश''' -- a country, land, native home -- ದೇಶ, ದೇಸ '''देसी''' -- native, indigenous, country made -- ನಾಡ್‌ರ '''देह''' -- body, person, physique -- ತಡಿ '''देहात''' -- countryside, village, rural -- ಊರ್ (ಗ್ರಾಮ) '''देहात्मा''' -- the body and soul -- ತಡಿ ಪಿಞ ಆತ್ಮ '''दैत्याकार''' -- giant sized, garish, tyrant -- ಬಲ್ಯ ತಡಿ '''दैनिक''' -- daily -- ಎಕ್ಕಲೂ '''दैन्य''' -- meekness, humbleness, poverty -- ಪಾಪತಂವ '''दैव''' -- fate, fortune, destiny -- ಹಣೆಬರ, ನಸೀಬ್ '''दैविक''' -- divine, godly, spiritual -- ದೇವಡ ದಯ, ಪುಣ್ಯ, ಪವಿತ್ರ '''दैहिक''' -- physical, somatic, corporeal -- ತಡಿರ '''दोष''' -- a fault, flaw, defect -- ದೋಸ '''दोषारोप''' -- charging, accusation, allegation -- ಅಪವಾದ, ಕಿಚ್ಚ ಪೆದ ಇಡುವ '''दोषी''' -- guilty, culprit, an offender -- ತಪ್ಪಿತಸ್ಥ '''दोस्त''' -- a friend, comrade, chum -- ಕೂಟಾಳಿ, ಜೊತೆಕಾರ '''दोस्ताना''' -- friendship, friendly -- ಸ್ನೆಹಚಾರ '''दोहराना''' -- to revise, to repeat, recapitulate -- ಪುನಃ ಪುನಃ '''दौड़''' -- a race, run, running -- ಓಡ್‌ವ '''दौड़ादौडी''' -- haste, hastiness, urgency -- ಅಲ್ಂಬಲ್ '''दौर''' -- a phase, stage, round -- ಅವಸ್ಥೆ '''दौरा''' -- a tour, fit, camp -- ದೂರ ತಿರುಗುವಕ್ ಪೋಪ '''दौर्बल्य''' -- weakness, infirmity, debility -- ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''दौलत''' -- riches, wealth, property -- ಪಣಕಾಸ್ '''द्युति''' -- radiance, luster, brilliance -- ಎಲಂಗ್‌ವ '''द्रव''' -- a liquid, fluid, dissolve -- ನೀರ್ ಮಾದರಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''द्रवण''' -- melting, flowing, cooling system -- ಕರಿತ್ ಒಕ್ಕುವಂತದ್ '''द्रव्य''' -- substance, matter, substantial -- ನೇರಾನದ್ '''द्रष्टव्य''' -- worth seeing, pleasing, notable -- ನೇರಾನದ್ ನೋಟವಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''द्रष्टा''' -- a seer, visionary, sage -- ಜೋಯಿ ಒರ್ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ '''द्रुत''' -- fast, fast moving, quick -- ಬಾರಿ ಬೆರಿಯ '''द्रोह''' -- rebellion, hostility -- ಕೂಟ್‌ನ ಪಿರಿಂಜವ '''द्वंद्व''' -- conflict, quarrel, duel -- ಜಗಳ ಬಕ್ಕಣ '''द्वंद्वात्मक''' -- dialectical, confliction, dualistic -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕ್ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''द्वार''' -- a door, doorway, gate -- ಒರ್ ಪಡಿ '''द्वारा''' -- by, though, through the medium -- ಪೋಪ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''द्वितीय''' -- the second -- ದಂಡನೆ '''द्वित्व''' -- duplication, repetition -- ಬದ್‌ಲ್ '''द्वीप''' -- an island -- ದ್ವೀಪ (ಸುತ್ತು ನೀರಾಯ್ತಿ ಮದ್ಯ ಭೂಮಿ) '''द्वेष''' -- malice, aversion, ill will -- ಪೊಟ್ಟೆಕಿಚ್ಞ್ '''द्वैत''' -- duality, discrimination -- ಬಲ್ಯ ತಡಿ '''ध''' -- the fourth and penultimate letter of the fourth pentad of the Devanagari alphabet -- ಧ '''धक''' -- palpitation, sudden suspension of normal heart-throb -- ಒರ್‌ಗಳಿಗೆ ಎದೆ ಬಡಿಪದ್ ನಿಪ್ಪ '''धकेलना''' -- to share, to push -- ಪಾಲ್ ಇಟ್ಟವ '''धक्का''' -- a push, shove, shock, set back, stroke -- ನೂಕ್‌ವ, ಬೈಯಕ್ ನಿಪ್ಪ '''धज''' -- air, demeanour, form-posture, appearance -- ನಡ್‌ಪ್ '''धज्जी''' -- a sherd, strip, tatter -- ಬಲ್‌ಚಿತ್ ಚೂರ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''धड़क''' -- hitch, hesitation -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಚುಡುವ, ಬೈಯ್ಯಕ್ ನಿಪ್ಪೊ '''धड़का''' -- a throb, palpitation -- ಎದೆ ಬಡಿಪ '''धड़ा''' -- tare, counter balance, faction -- ಒರ್ ಭಾಗ '''धड़ाका''' -- an explosion, crash, a loud report -- ಬಲ್‌ಙ್ಞನೆ ಪೊಟ್ಟ್ ವ, ಜೊರಾಯ್ತಿ ಪೊಟ್ಟ್‌ವ '''धड़ाम''' -- thud, crash, loud report -- ಬಲ್ಯೆ ಸದ್ದ್ '''धड़ी''' -- a measure of weight -- ತೂಕತ್‌ರ ಅಳತೆ '''धता''' -- driving away, putting off, evasion -- ತಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟ್‌ವ ನೆವನ '''धधकना''' -- to blaze, to flare up, to burn intensely -- ತಿತ್ತ್ ಉರಿ '''धंधा''' -- vocation, occupation, business -- ಕ್ಯೇಮೆ, ದಂದೆ '''धन''' -- wealth, riches, money, plus, additional number -- ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯ '''धनात्मक''' -- positive, pertaining to money -- ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ '''धनिक''' -- opulent, wealthy, rich, moneyed -- ಪಣಕ್ಕಾರ '''धनिया''' -- coriander -- ಸಂಭಾರ '''धनु''' -- a bow -- ಬಿಲ್ಲ್ '''धनुष''' -- a bow, an arch -- ಒರ್ ಬಿಲ್ಲ್ '''धन्य''' -- blessed, worth felicitation, fortunate -- ದೇವ ತಂದದ್ '''धन्यवाद''' -- thanks giving, an expression of gratitude -- ವಂದನೆ ಬೈಂದವ '''धमकाना''' -- to threaten, to intimidate -- ಬೊತ್ತ್‌ಚಿಡುವ ಇಞ್ಞಾಬ್ಬನ ಪೋಡ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''धमकी''' -- a threat, bluster -- ಬೊತ್ತ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''धरणि''' -- the earth -- ಭೂಮಿ, ಪ್ರಪಂಚ '''धरना''' -- to hold, to place, to put, to arrest -- ಪುಡ್‌ಚಿಬೆಪ್ಪ '''धरातल''' -- surface, surface of the earth -- (ಜೌಗ) ಜೌಗ, ಭೂಮಿರ ಜೌಗ '''धराधिपति''' -- king, ruler -- ಭೂಮಿನ ಆಳ್‌ವವ, ರಾಜ '''धरोहर''' -- trust, deposit -- ನಂಬಿಕೆರ ಠೇವಣಿ '''धर्म''' -- religion, faith, justice, duty -- ಧರ್ಮ '''धर्माचार्य''' -- religious preceptor -- ಧರ್ಮ ಗುರು '''धर्माँध''' -- frenzied, fanatic -- ಧರ್ಮಾಂದ (ಧರ್ಮತ್‌ರ ಮೇಲೆ ದುಂಬಾ ನಂಬಿಗೆ) '''धर्मिष्ठ''' -- extremely devout, religious, virtuous -- ಧರ್ಮಿಷ್ಠ, ಧರ್ಮಕಾರ '''धर्वालमा''' -- whiteness, cleanness, brightness -- ಎಲಂಗ್‌ವ '''धसकन''' -- depression, sinking, lowering -- ಒಡ್‌ಜಂಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪ '''धँसना''' -- to sink, to penetrate into, to enter into -- ಮುಳಿಪೋಪ '''धाक''' -- commanding, overwhelming, influence -- ಕೊರು ಕಾಡ್‌ವ '''धाकड़''' -- dauntless, daring, dashing -- ಪೋಡಿ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ '''धागा''' -- a thread -- ಒರ್ ನೂಲ್ '''धातु''' -- metal, semen, root -- ಇರ್ಂ್‌ಬ್ ಸಾಮಾನ್,ಬೇರ್ '''धान''' -- paddy -- ನೆಲ್ಲ್ '''धाम''' -- residence, abode -- ಬಿಡಾರ, ಮನೆ '''धार''' -- an edge, sharp edge, current -- ಚೂಪಾನ ಮೊನೆ '''धारणा''' -- an impression, concept, notion, idea -- ಭಾವನೆ, ಕಲ್ಪನೆ '''धारा''' -- current, stream, flow -- ನೀರ್ ಒಕ್ಕ್‌ವ '''धार्मिक''' -- religious -- ಧರ್ಮತ್‌ರ '''धावा''' -- a raid, attack, assault -- ಮೇಲೆ ಬೂವ '''धाँस''' -- offensive, pungent -- ಪಾಳಾಕುವ '''धिक्कार''' -- censure, curse, condemnation -- ದಿಕ್ಕಾರ '''धीमा''' -- slow, dull, mild -- ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ, ಸಮಾದಾನತ್ '''धीर''' -- patient, resolute, firm -- ತಾಳ್ಮೆರ, ಸಮಾದಾನತ್‌ರ '''धीरज''' -- patience, fortitude -- ತಾಳ್ಮೆ '''धीरे''' -- slowly, gently, mildly -- ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ '''धुआँ''' -- smoke, fume -- ಪೊಗೆ '''धुंध''' -- mist, fog, haze -- ಕೂಳ, ಪೂಳ, ಮಂಜಿ '''धुँधला''' -- hazy, dim, misty -- ಕೂಳ, ಕವ್ಂಜವ '''धुनी''' -- fumigation, burning of incense -- ದೂಪ ಪೊಗೆ '''धुप्पल''' -- bluff, bluffing -- ಲೊಟ್ಟೆ ಬುಡುವ '''धुर''' -- extreme, remotest -- ಬಾರಿ ದೂರ '''धुरंधर''' -- pre-eminent, leading, par-excellence -- ಮಿಂಞಲೆ ಪಡ್‌ಚಂವ '''धुरा''' -- axle, axis, shaft -- ಇರ್ಂಬರ ಅಡ್ಡ ತಂಡ್ '''धुर्रा''' -- powder, dust, incivil -- ಪೊಡಿ '''धुलना''' -- to be washed, to be cleansed, to be undone -- ಕತ್ತಿತ್ ಚಾಯಿಕೂಟ್‌ವ '''धुलाई''' -- the act or process of washing -- ಒಲಿಪ, ನೆಲಪ '''धुस्सा''' -- a kind of coarse and thick blanket -- ತರಿ ಬಣ್ಣ ಕಂಬಳಿ '''धूप''' -- the sun, sunshine -- ಸೂರ್ಯ, ಸೂರ್ಯಂಡ ಬೊಳಿ '''धूम''' -- smoke, fume -- ಪೊಗೆ '''धूर्त''' -- knave, cunning, crooked, rascal -- ಚದಿಪಂವ '''धूल''' -- dust, dirt -- ದೂಳ್ '''धूलि''' -- dust, dirt -- ದೂಳ್ '''धृष्ट''' -- contumelious, impudent, impolite -- ಕೇಡಿಗ '''धैर्य''' -- fearlessness, patience, fortitude -- ಪೋಡಿ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ, ಧೈರ್ಯಶಾಲಿ '''धोखा''' -- deception, fraud, cheating -- ಚದಿ ಪಂವ, ಮೋಸಕಾರ '''धोना''' -- to wash, to cleanse, to launder -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ ನೆಲಪ '''धोबी''' -- a washer man -- (ಮಡಿವಾಳ) ಮಡಿಯಳ '''ध्यान''' -- attention, meditation, contemplation, concentration of mind, heed -- ದೇವಳ ಗ್ಯಾನ '''ध्यानाभ्यास''' -- practice of meditation, contemplation, concentration -- ಭಕ್ತಿಲ್ ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ಲ್ ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''ध्येय''' -- an aim, end, objective -- ಒರ್ ಗುರಿ '''न''' -- the last letter of the fourth pentad of the iÉ ´ÉMÉÇ Devanagari -- ನ '''नई''' -- new, fresh, recently -- ಪುದಿಯದ್ '''नक़द''' -- hard cash, cash -- ದುಡ್ಡ್ '''नक़दी-चिट्ठा''' -- cash book -- ನಗದ್ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''नक़ब''' -- burglary, house breaking, theft -- ಮನೆ ಕಳ್ಳತನ '''नक़ल''' -- a copy, duplicate, imitation -- ನಕ್‌ಲ್ '''नक़ली''' -- counterfeit, false, dishonestly -- ನಕ್‌ಲಿ '''नक़श''' -- engraved, imprinted, to chase -- ನಕ್ಷೆ ಬುಡ್ತ್‌ವ '''नक़शा''' -- a map, chart, plan -- ಒರ್ ನಕ್ಷೆ '''नक़ाब''' -- a mask, veil, vizard -- ಮುಖವಾಡ '''नकारना''' -- to refuse, to decline, reject -- ಬೋಂಡಾಂದ್ ಬುಡುವ '''नकारात्मक''' -- uncooperative, negative, hostile -- ಹೊಂದಾಣಿಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''नकियाना''' -- to speak, through the nose -- ಮೂಕ್‌ಲ್ ತಕ್ಕ ಪರಿವ '''नक्का''' -- the eye of a needle -- ಚೂದ್‌ರ ಕಣ್ಣ್ '''नक्क़ाल''' -- a cheat, imitator, a mimic -- ಚದಿಯ '''नक्की''' -- to clear off, to pay in full, to be quits -- ಬುಡುವ '''नक्कू''' -- long nosed -- ಉದ್ದ ಮೂಕ '''नक्षत्र''' -- a star -- ನಕ್ಷತ್ರ '''नख''' -- nail, pin, fix -- ವೈ '''नख़रा''' -- coquetry, flirtatious airs, airs and graces -- ಕೊಣ್‌ಚಿ, ನೆಳ್‌ಚಿ '''नख़लिस्तान''' -- an oasis -- ಒಯಾಸಿಸ್ '''नखास''' -- market place, fort -- ಚತ್ತೆ ಮಾಳ '''नग''' -- gem, jewel, precious stone -- ಮಾಲ್ '''नंग धड़ंग''' -- stark naked, completely nude, uncovered -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಬೆತ್ತೆಲೆ '''नगण्य''' -- trifle, trifling, trite, insignificant, worthless, inappreciable, hence -- ಚಿಲ್ಲರೆ '''नगदी''' -- hard cash -- ದುಡ್ಡ್ '''नग़मा''' -- a song, melody, tune -- ಪಾಠ್, ಚಾಯಿ ರಾಗ '''नगर''' -- city, town, urban area -- ನಗರ '''नगरी''' -- a big city -- ಒರ್ ಬಲ್ಯ ನಗರ '''नंगा''' -- naked, nude, bare, uncovered, exposed, shameless -- ಬೆತ್ತೆಲೆ '''नगीना''' -- a gem, jewel, treasure -- ಮಾಲ್‌ರ (ಟ್ರೆಜರಿ) ಛಂದೂಕ '''नग्न''' -- nude, naked, uncovered -- ಬೆತ್ತೆಲೆ '''नचाना''' -- to cause, make somebody to dance -- ಆಟ್ ಆಡ್ ಚಿಡುವ '''नज़दीक''' -- near, close, in the vicinity -- ಪಕ್ಕ '''नज़र''' -- sight, eyesight, vision, look, glance, attention, gift, present, offering, influence cast by an evil eye -- ಮೊದ ಕೊಡ್ ಪ '''नजराना''' -- present, gift, donation -- ಚಂದಾ ಪಣ '''नज़रिया''' -- point of view, angle, direction -- ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ '''नजला''' -- catarrh, cold, frigid -- ಶೀತ '''नज़ाकत''' -- delicacy, tenderness, grace -- ನಾಜೂಕ್ '''नजात''' -- salvation, liberation, riddance -- ಮುಕ್ತಿ , ಬುಡ್ಗಡೆ '''नजारत''' -- the position or office of a Nazir -- ಸ್ಥಾನ '''नजारा''' -- a scene, view, spectacle, sight -- ನಲ್ಲ ದೃಶ್ಯ '''नजीर''' -- a precedent, an example, instance -- ಉದಾಹರಣೆ '''नजूल''' -- the improvement trust -- ನಂಬಿಕೆನ ಉಳ್ಳಚಿಟ್ಟವೊ '''नज्म''' -- a poem, verse, a stanza -- ಪ್ಯಾರಾ, ಖಂಡಿಕೆ '''नटखट''' -- naughtiness, mischievous, wilful -- ಗಲಾಟೆ ಕಳಿ '''नटना''' -- to refuse, to negate, to say no -- ತಿರಸ್ಕಾರ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''नटी''' -- an actress -- ನಟನಾಕರ್ತಿ '''नत''' -- bent, titled, curved, bowed -- ಬಾಂಗ್‌ನದ್ '''नति''' -- inclination, bias, bend, modesty -- ಓರ್ ಬರಿಕ್ ಪರೆವ '''नतिनी''' -- a grand daughter -- ಕ್‌ರ್ ಮೋವ '''नतीजा''' -- the result, consequence, conclusion -- ಆಖೀರಿ '''नथ''' -- a nose-ring, nose-rope -- ಮೂಕಾಡ್ '''नंदन''' -- one who delights, a son -- ಕುಶಿಪಡುತ್‌ವಂವ '''नदी''' -- a river, flowing water -- ಪೊಳೆ, ಪರಿವ ಪೊಳೆ '''ननद''' -- sister in law, husband's sister -- ವಡಿಯಂಡ ತಂಗೆ '''ननदोई''' -- brother in law -- ಬಾವ '''ननसाल''' -- mother's paternal home -- ತಾಮನೆ '''नन्हाँ''' -- small, too young, little -- ಚೆರಿಯದ್ '''नपा''' -- measured, metrical, parameter -- ಅಳತೆ ಮಾಡುವದ್ '''नपाई''' -- measurement, result, consequence -- ಅಳತೆ, ಫಲಿತಾಂಶ '''नपुसंक''' -- an impotent person, a coward -- ಖನಪಟ್ಟ/ ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ '''नफ़रत''' -- hatred, contempt, abomination -- ದ್ವೇಷೆ '''नफ़री''' -- daily wage -- ದಿನಗೂಲಿ '''नफ़ा''' -- profit, gain, advantage -- ಲಾಭ '''नफ़ासत''' -- nicety, fineness, delicate -- ಪಾಳ್ ಆಪನ್ನತದ್ '''नंबर''' -- number, marks, counting -- ಅಂಕೆ '''नंबरी''' -- notorious, known, widely identified -- ಕೆಟ್ಟಕೇಳಿ ಎಡ್‌ತಂವ '''नब्ज''' -- pulse, edible seeds, a plant producing such seeds -- ನಾಡಿ '''नब्बे''' -- ninety -- ತೊಂಬದ್ '''नभ''' -- the sky, galaxy, celestial heaven -- ಬಾನ, ಆಕಾಶ '''नभोमणि''' -- sun -- ಸೂರ್ಯ '''नम''' -- moist, humid, damp -- ಶೀತ '''नमः''' -- bowing, worship, dedication -- ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''नमक''' -- salt, sodium chloride -- ಉಪ್ಪು '''नमकीन''' -- salty, salted, saltish, saline, pretty, beautiful -- ಉಪ್ಪ್‌ಪ್ಪ್ '''नमन''' -- deferential salutation, bowing, flexure, dip -- ಮಂಡೆ ಬಗ್ಗಚಿಟ್ಟತ ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ '''नमूना''' -- a sample, specimen, model, design, type -- ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ '''नम्र''' -- modest, humble, polite, submission -- ದಯೆ '''नया''' -- new, novel, fresh -- ಕೃತಿ '''नयाचार''' -- protocol, precedence -- ನಿಯಮ ಪ್ರಕಾರ '''नर''' -- a man, male, human being -- ಆಣ್ '''नरक''' -- the hell, inferno -- ನರಕ '''नरम''' -- soft, gentle, delicate -- ಪಾಳಾಪದ್ '''नर्तक''' -- dancer, a person who dances -- ಆಟ್‌ಕಾರ '''नर्तकी''' -- female dancer -- ಆಟ್‌ಕರ್ತಿ '''नल''' -- a pipe, tap, hydrant -- ಪೈಪು '''नव''' -- xɪÉÉÄ, xÉÉè±ÉÉä, xÉÚiÉxÉ, xÉ´ÉÒxÉ -- ಪುದಿಯದ್ '''नवासा''' -- daughter's son -- ಮೋವಡ ಮೋಯೊ '''नवासी''' -- eighty nine -- ಎಂಭತ್ತೊಯಿಂಬದ್ '''नवीकरण''' -- renewal, renovation, rejuventation -- ನವೀಕರಣ ಮಾಡುವೊ ಮಾತುವೊ '''नवीनता''' -- novelity, newness, fresh -- ಪುದಿಯದ್ '''नव्य''' -- new, novel, neo-modern -- ಪುದಿಯ ಕೃತಿ '''नशा''' -- intoxication, drunkness, inebriation -- ಅಮ್‌ರಾನಂವೊ '''नश्तर''' -- a lancet, surgical instrument, surgical knife -- ವೈದ್ಯಕೀಯ ಉಪಕರಣ '''नश्वर''' -- perishable, destructible, transient -- ಪಾಳ್ ಆಪನ್ನತದ್, ನಾಶ ಆಪನ್ನತದ್ '''नष्ट''' -- destroyed, perished, ruined -- ಪಾಳ್ ಆನದ್ '''नस''' -- vein, nerve, force -- ರಭಸ '''नसर''' -- prose -- ಪಾಠ '''नसल''' -- breed, pedigree, procreate -- ಜಾತಿ '''नसवर''' -- snuff, to draw with through nose -- ನಶ್ಯ '''नसीब''' -- fate, luck, fortune -- ಅದೃಷ್ಟ '''नसीला''' -- intoxicating, inebrient -- ಕಳ್ಳ್ ಮಂಡೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತುವ '''नसीहत''' -- teaching, precept, guide -- ತರಬೇತಿ, ಪಾಠ '''नसेबाज''' -- addict, habitual drunkard, toxicated -- ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ ಆನಂವೊ '''नहर''' -- canal, channel, water way -- ನೀರ ಪೋಪ ಜಾಗ '''नहरनी''' -- nail cutter, nail paring instrument -- ಒಯ್ಯನ ತುಂಡ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ ಸಾಧನೆ '''नहला''' -- the nine in playing cards -- ಬಯಿಂಬದ್, ಕಳಿರ ಕಾರ್ಡ್ '''नहलाई''' -- the act, process of, bathing -- ಕುಳಿಪೊ '''नहलाना''' -- to give a bath, a wash -- ಕುಳ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ '''नहलावाना''' -- to bathe, washing, to give a bath -- ಕುಳಿಪೂ '''नहाना''' -- to bathe, to take bath -- ಕುಳಿಪ್ಪ '''नहीं''' -- no, not -- ಇಲ್ಲೆ '''नहूसत''' -- inauspiciousness, unluckiness, bad luck -- ಅದೃಷ್ಟ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''ना''' -- a word denoting negation, no -- ಇಲ್ಲೆ '''नाइट्रोजन''' -- the nitrogen gas -- ನೈಟ್ರೋಜನ್ '''नाई''' -- like, as, in the manner of -- ಒರೇ ಸಮ '''नाई''' -- a barber -- ಚೌರಕಾರ '''नाक''' -- the nose, organ of smell -- ಮೂಕ್ '''नाक-नक़शा''' -- features, facial cut -- ಮೂಡ್‌ರ ಚಿತ್ರ '''नाका''' -- the entrance or extremity, a check post -- ಬಕ್ಕ/ ಚೆಕ್‌ಪೋಸ್ಟ್ '''नाकाबंदी''' -- a blockage, banning of entry and exit -- ತಡ್‌ತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ '''नाक्षत्र''' -- pertaining to, related with -- ಸಮ್ಮಂದ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''नाख''' -- a fruit akin to the pear in shape, size and taste -- '''नाखून''' -- nail -- ಒಯ್ಯಿ '''नाग''' -- a corba, snake -- ನಾಗ/ ಪಾಂಬು '''नागपंचमी''' -- a Hindu festival celebrated on the fifth day of the moonlit fortnight of the month of Sawan -- ನಾಗರ ಪಂಚಮಿ '''नागफनी''' -- a cactus, prickly pear -- ಮುಳ್ಳ್‌ಗಿಡ/ ಕ್ಯಾಕ್ಟಸ್ '''नागर''' -- civil, urban, civic -- ನಗರಕೊತ್ತ '''नागरिक''' -- civil, civilion, urbane -- ನಾಗರಿಕ '''नागरी''' -- Devanagari script -- ದೇವನಾಗರಿ ಲಿಪಿ '''नागरीकरण''' -- city environment, urbanization, modernity -- ನಗರೀಕರಣ '''नागहानी''' -- sudden, accidental, incidental -- ಒಮ್ಮಲೆ/ ಒಮ್ಮಕೆ '''नाच''' -- dance -- ಆಡುವೊ/ ನೃತ್ಯ '''नाचना''' -- to dance, to run about -- ಆಡುವೊ/ ಆಟ್‌ಗಳಿ '''नाज़िम''' -- manager, organizer, network -- ಮ್ಯಾನೇಜರ್ '''नाजिर''' -- a court official, a superintendent, supervisor -- ಉಸ್ತುವಾರಿ ನೋಟ್ಯವಂವೊ '''नाजुक''' -- delicate, frail, tender, critical -- ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮ '''नाट¬ाचार्य''' -- a master of the drama -- ನಾಟಕ ಪಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವಂವೊ '''नाटक''' -- drama, play, stage play -- ನಾಟಕ '''नाटकीय''' -- dramatic, play worth enacting -- ನಾಟಕ ಕಳಿಪ್ಪೊ '''नाटना''' -- to decline, to refuse, to deny -- ಒತ್ತಂಡ್ ಮಾಡತೆ ಇಪ್ಪೊ '''नाटा''' -- short, short-statured -- ಚೆರಿಯದ್ '''नाठ''' -- ruination, destruction, destroy -- ಪಾಳಾಕುವೊ '''नाड़ा''' -- trousers string -- ಲಾಡಿ ಕೇರ್ '''नाड़िका''' -- a vein, streak -- ನಾಡಿ '''नाड़ी''' -- pulse, vein, artery -- ನೆರು '''नाता''' -- relation, connection, junction -- ಸಮ್ಮಂದ '''नाती''' -- grand son -- ಕ್‌ರ್ ಮೋಂವೊ '''नातेदार''' -- relative, network, connection -- ಸಮ್ಮಂದಕಾರಂಗ '''नात्सी''' -- the Nazi party -- ನಾಜಿ ಪಾರ್ಟಿ '''नाथ''' -- a master, husband, lord -- ಯಜಮಾನ/ವಡಿಯ/ದೇವ '''नाथना''' -- to pierce the nostril -- ಮೂಕೇರ್ ಇಡುವೊ '''नाद''' -- sound, noise, uproar -- ಸದ್ದ್ '''नाँद''' -- a manager, tub, trough -- ಪಾತ್ರೆ '''नादित''' -- sounded -- ಸದ್ದಾಪನ್ನತದ್ '''नादिम''' -- ashamed, discomfort, humiliation -- ಞಾಣಪಟ್ಟಿತುಳ್ಳಂವೊ '''नाना''' -- maternal grand father -- ಅವ್ವಂಡ ಅಪ್ಪ/ ಅಜ್ಜ '''नानाविध''' -- varied, multifarious -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ ತರ '''नानी''' -- maternal grand mother -- ಅವ್ವಂಡ ಅವ್ವ ಅಜ್ಜಿ '''नाप''' -- measure, measurement, standard length -- ಅಳತೆ '''नापना''' -- to measure, to count, parameter -- ಅಳತೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''नापित''' -- a barber, hair cutter -- ಚೌರಕಾರ '''नाबदान''' -- a drain, a channel at the side, gutter -- ಚರಂಡಿ '''नाभि''' -- the navel, umbilicus, hub -- ಪೊಕ್ಕ್ '''नाभिक''' -- the nucleus -- ನ್ಯೂಕ್ಲಿಯಸ್ '''नाम''' -- name, title, fame -- ಪೆದ '''नाम कमाना''' -- to earn name, to acquire renown -- ಪೆದ ನೇಡುವೊ '''नाम का डंका पिटना''' -- to become known far and wide -- ಪೆದ ಪಡ್‌ದವೊ '''नाम के लिए''' -- for the sake of name -- ಪೆದಕಾಯಿತ್ '''नाम डालना''' -- to debit to the name of -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಡ ಪೆದತ್ '''नाम न लेना''' -- never to make a mention of -- ಪೆದ ಪಡ್‌ದವತಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''नाम निकलना''' -- to become a tumous or notorious by word -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಪೆದ ಎಡ್‌ಪೊ '''नाम पट्ट''' -- a name plate, signboard, address board -- ಪೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''नाम पर कलंक''' -- one's fair name to be tarnished -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಪೆದ '''नाम मिटना''' -- a name to be wiped off, to have not even the trace of a name left -- ಪೆದ ನೇಡುವೊ '''नाम रोश्न करना''' -- to bring name and fame to, to bring good name to -- ಪೆದ ಪಡಿವೊ '''नाम लिखना''' -- enroll -- ಪೆದ ಎಳ್‌ದುವೊ '''नाम संस्कार''' -- the ceremony of naming a child -- ಪೆದ ಇಡುವೊ/ನಾಮಕರಣ '''नामउजालना''' -- to bandy one's name about -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಡ ಪೆದತ್ರ ಮೇಲೆ '''नामक''' -- named, bearing the name -- ಪೆದ ಎಡ್‌ತದ್/ ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''नामजद''' -- nominated -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಡ ಪೆದ ಸೂಚನೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್ '''नामजदगी''' -- nomination -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಡ ಪೆದ ಸೂಚನೆ ಕೊಡ್ತದ್ '''नामतः''' -- by name -- ಪೆದತಲ್ '''नामधारी''' -- named, known by the name of -- ಪೆದ ಎಡ್‌ತಂಡಂವೊ '''नामन''' -- nomination, naming, enrollment -- ಪೆದ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''नामपत्र''' -- label, a slip of paper -- ಲೇಬಲ್ '''नामहीन''' -- nameless -- ಪೆದ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''नामांकन''' -- enrollment, nomination, inscription of name -- ಪೆದ ದಾಖಲಾತಿ '''नामांतर''' -- alias, another name -- ಇಂಞೋರ್ ಪೆದ '''नामावली''' -- a nominal roll list of names -- ಪೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''नामिका''' -- a panel -- ಸಮಿತಿ '''नामित''' -- named, nominated -- ಪೆದ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''नामी''' -- famous, reputed, well known -- ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''नामोनिशान''' -- trace, vestige, hint -- ಪೆದ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಆಪದ್ '''नाम्ना''' -- through, by name, by -- ಪೆದತ್‌ರ ಮೂಲಕ '''नायक''' -- hero, leader, chief -- ಮುಕ್ರಿ/ ಮುಖ್ಯಪಟ್ಟಂವೊ '''नायब''' -- deputy, cive, an assistant -- ಸಾಯ ಮಾಡುವಂವೊ '''नायिका''' -- heroine, main lady character, process -- ನಾಯಕಿ '''नारकीय''' -- hellish, infernal -- ನರಕತ್‌ರನ್ನಕೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''नांरगी''' -- an orange -- ಪುಳಿ '''नारद''' -- celestial sage in Indian mythology -- ನಾರದ ರುಷಿ '''नारा''' -- slogan -- ಘೋಷಣೆ '''नाराज''' -- angry, enlarged, displeased -- ಚೊಡಿ '''नारायण''' -- god, Lord Vishnu -- ನಾರಾಯಣ ದೇವ '''नारिकेल''' -- coconut tree and fruit -- ತೆರಿಗೆ '''नारी''' -- woman, lady -- ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್ '''नाल''' -- a shaft, tube-siphen, horse shoe, naval cord of child -- ನಾಲೆ '''नाला''' -- a rivulent, water course, brook -- ತೋಡ್ '''नालायक''' -- unworthy, unfit, disqualify -- ಯೋಗ್ಯತಿಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ '''नालिका''' -- a flume, small tube, torrent -- ಕೋಪು/ ಫನಲ್ '''नाली''' -- a drain, drain-pipe -- ಚರಂಡಿ/ ನೀರ್ ಒಕ್ಕುವ ನಳಿಕೆ '''नाव''' -- a boat, ferry, commercial service -- ದೋಣಿ '''नावक''' -- a sailor, seaman, boatman -- ನಾವಿಕ '''नाँवा''' -- money, cash, currency -- ದುಡ್ಡ್/ಪಣ '''नावाधिकरण''' -- chief of the navy, admiralty, head of the navy -- ನೌಕಾ ಪಡೆರ ಮುಕ್ರಿ '''नाविक''' -- a sailor, mariner, seaman -- ನಾವಿಕ '''नाश''' -- ruin, destruction, demolition -- ನಾಶ/ ಪಾಳಾಕುವದ್ '''नाशपाती''' -- a pear, pyris -- ಸೇಬುರನ್ನತ ಒರ್‌ಪಣ್ಣ್ '''नाश्ता''' -- breakfast, light refreshment -- ಪೊಲಾಕತ್‌ರ ತಿಂಡಿ '''नास''' -- to snuff -- ನಸ್ಯ '''नासमझ''' -- dull, stupid, unintelligent -- ಪೆದ್ದ '''नासा''' -- nose, sniff, a part of the face -- ಮೂಕ್ '''नासिका''' -- the nose, sniff, organ of smell -- ಮೂಕ್ '''नासिक्य''' -- nasal, nasal speen, masal cavity -- ಮೂಕ್ ಹೊಳ್ಳೆ '''नासूर''' -- sinus, a curve -- ಮೂಕ್‌ರೊಳ್‌ಲುಳ್ಳ ಭಾಗ '''नास्तिक''' -- antheist, agnostic, infidel -- ದೇವಡ ಮೇಲೆ ಭಕ್ತಿ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ '''नास्तिकवाद''' -- cynicism on theostic belief -- ದೇವ ಇಲ್ಲೇಂದ ವಾದ ಮಾಡುವಂವೊ '''नाहक''' -- invain, for nothing -- ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''नाहर''' -- a lion -- ಸಿಂಹ '''नाहरू''' -- the guinea worm -- ನಾರ್ ಪುಳು '''निकट''' -- heap, pile, bands, multitude, flock -- ಪಕ್ಕ '''निकटता''' -- proximity, closeness, nearness -- ಆತ್ಮೀಯತೆ/ ಪಕ್ಕಲ್ '''निकम्मा''' -- inert, idle, indolent, without employment -- ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निकल''' -- nickel -- ಪೋ '''निकलना''' -- to come, get out, the break even point -- ಪೋಪದ್ '''निकष''' -- a touch stone -- ಒರೆ ಗಲ್ಲ್ '''निकाई''' -- goodness, excellence, dragged, work -- ನಲ್ಲರಿಕೆ '''निकाय''' -- a body, system, unit -- ತಡಿ '''निकालना''' -- to takeout, to bring out, to expel -- ಪೊರ್‌ಮೆ ಇಡೋ '''निकास''' -- an outlet, exit, vent -- ಪೊರ್‌ಮೆ ಪೋಪ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''निकाह''' -- marriage, marriage ceremony -- ಮಂಗಲ '''निकुंज''' -- an arbor, a bower -- ಚಕ್ರತ್‌ರ ಒರ್ ಬಾಗ '''निकृष्ट''' -- inferior, lowest -- ಕೀಳರಿಮೆ '''निकेतन''' -- house, residence, abode -- ಮನೆ '''निक्षेप''' -- throwing, depositing -- ಚಾಡೊ '''निखटट्''' -- indolent, idle, worthless -- ಒಂದೊ ಕೈಯತದ್, ಮೈಂದ, ಸೋಮಾರಿ '''निखरना''' -- to be cleansed, to become clear -- ಬೊಳಿ ಆಪೊ '''निखार''' -- brightness, lustre -- ಮಿನ್ನಿಯಂಡುಳ್ಳದ್ '''निखालिस''' -- pure, unadutlrated -- ನಲ್ಲ '''निखिल''' -- all, whole, entire -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ, ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದ್ '''निगति''' -- conclusion, denouement -- ಆಕೀರಿ '''निगम''' -- corporation, local body, the vedas -- ಮಂಡಳಿ/ ಸರ್ಕಾರಿ ಸ್ವಾಯತ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ '''निगमन''' -- deduction, logical conclusion -- ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಾಡೊ '''निगमागम''' -- the Vedas and other scripts -- ವೇದತ್ರ ಬೋರೆ ಏಳ್‌ತ್ '''निगमित''' -- incorporated, deduced, conclude -- ಒಕ್ಕಟೆ ಕೊಡೊ '''निगरानी''' -- watch, supervision, guard -- ಎಚ್ಚರ ಬೆಚ್ಚೋ, ಎಚ್ಚರ ಎಡ್‌ತೋ '''निगलना''' -- to swallow, devour -- ಮುಗ್ಗೋ '''निगाह''' -- look, glance, sight, vision -- ನೋಟ '''निगुरा''' -- uninitiated, preceptor -- ಶುರು ಮಾಡತದ್ '''निगूढ़ार्थ''' -- having a secret meaning, abstract -- ಗುಟ್ಟಾಯಾತ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''निगूह''' -- secret latent, hidden -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್ '''निगोड़ा''' -- worthless, unfortunate, without value -- ಬೆಲೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निग्रह''' -- restraint, self repression, sub dual -- ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ '''निग्रही''' -- who exercises restrain or self repression -- ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪಂವೊ '''निघंटु''' -- a glossary, lexical, dictionary -- ಅರ್ಥ ಕೋಶ '''निघर-घरट''' -- homeless, shameless -- ಬಿಕಾರಿ '''निघरा''' -- homeless, no shelter -- ಮನೆ ಮಠ ಇಲ್ಲತವಂ '''निचय''' -- collection, heap -- ಸಂಗ್ರಹ, ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟೋ '''निचला''' -- lower -- ಕ್ ದತ '''निचाई''' -- lowness, depth, intensity -- ಕ್ ದತದ್ '''निचोड़''' -- essence, gist, substance -- ತಿರ್ '''निचोड़ना''' -- to extract, to wring, to squeeze -- ಪುಂಡಿತ್ ಎಡ್‌ಪೊ '''निचौहाँ''' -- slightly low lying, lowish -- ಕ್ ದತ್ ಒಳ್ಳದ್ '''निछावर''' -- sacrifice, something offered for warding off evil influences -- ಬಲಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''निज''' -- own, personal, individual -- ಸ್ವಂತ '''निज़ाम''' -- management, administration, guidance -- ಕೊರ್‌ವುಕಾರಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್‌ವು ನಡ್‌ತೊ '''निजी''' -- own, personal, individual -- ಸ್ವಂತ '''निठूर''' -- hard hearted, cruel, merciless -- ಕ್ರೂರ ಬುದ್ದಿ ಉಳ್ಳವಂ '''निठ्ल्ला''' -- idler, lazy, unemployed -- ಸೋಮಾರಿ '''निठ्ल्लापन''' -- laziness, idleness, unemployment -- ಸೋಮಾರಿತನ '''निडर''' -- fearless, brave, intrepid -- ಪೋಡಿ ಇಲ್ಲತ, ಶೂರ, ಧೈರ್ಯಶಾಲಿ ಆನ ಗಟ್ಟಿಗ '''निढाल''' -- languid, worried, spriritless -- ಬೇಜಾರತ್‌ಲ್ ಉಳ್ಳವಂ '''नित''' -- everyday, daily, day by day -- ಎಕ್ಕೋಲು '''नितंब''' -- buttock, hips -- ಕುಂಡಿ '''नितान्त''' -- excessive, absolute, complete -- ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಆನದ್ '''नित्य''' -- excessive, eternal, essential -- ಅವಶ್ಯ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''नित्यशाः''' -- everyday, daily, always -- ಪ್ರತಿ ದಿನ '''निथारना''' -- to decant, to purify, to distil, drain -- ಸೋಸೊ '''निंदक''' -- one who speaks ill -- ದೂರ್‌ವಂವೊ '''निंदनीय''' -- condemnable, blamable, censurable -- ದೂರಿಕೆಕೊತ್ತದ್ '''निदर्शन''' -- illustration, explication, spell out -- ವಿವರಣೆ ಕೊತ್ತಿತ್ '''निंदा''' -- speaking ill, censure -- ದೂರಿಕೆ '''निदान''' -- diagnosis, treatment, curing -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪೊ '''निंदास''' -- sleepy, drowsy, lethargic -- ವರ್‌ಕ್ ಬಂದನ್ನಕೆ '''निद्रा''' -- sleep, drowse, slumber -- ಒರ್‌ಕ್ '''निद्रालस''' -- drowsiness, sleepiness, repose -- ಮಂಕ್ '''निद्रालु''' -- slumberous, inactive, sleepy -- ಸೋಮಾರಿತನ '''निधड़क''' -- unhesitatingly, without hesitation -- ಬೈಯಕ್ ನಿಕ್ಕತದ್ '''निधन''' -- death, passing away -- ಚಾವು '''निधि''' -- fund, treasure, cash -- ಪಣ, ದುಡ್ಡ್ '''निनाद''' -- sound -- ಸದ್ದ್ '''निन्यानबे''' -- ninetynine -- ತೊಂಬತ್ತ ಒಯಿಂಬದ್ '''निपट''' -- absolutely, completely, entire -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ '''निपटना''' -- to be finished, accomplished, fulfillment -- ತ್ ಪೊ '''निपटारा''' -- settlement, disposal, finalization -- ಆಕೀರಿ ಮಾಡೊ '''निपात''' -- fall, degradation, downfall -- ಕ್ ದಕ್ ಬೂವದ್, ಬೂವದ್ '''निपुण''' -- adept, proficient, skillful -- ನಿಪುಣ, ನಲ್ಲ ಕೆಲಸಕಾರ, ಪಣಿಕಾರ '''निपुणता''' -- efficiency, proficiency, talent -- ನಲ್ಲತನ '''निपूता''' -- issueless, childless -- ಮಕ್ಕ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निबद्ध''' -- tied, joined -- ಕಟ್ಟಿತಿಟ್ಟದ್, ಕೆಟ್ಟನದ್ '''निबंध''' -- essay, literacy composition -- ಪ್ರಬಂಧ '''निबल''' -- weak, feeble, delicate -- ತಳ್ಳನೆ, ತೋಯ, ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮ '''निबाह''' -- subsistence, sustenance, maintenance -- ಕೂರ್‌ವುಕಾರಿಕೆ/ ನಿರ್ವಹಣೆ '''निभना''' -- able to carry out work, to continue, to serve -- ನೀಸುವಕ್ ಕೈಯುವಂತ್‌ದ್ '''निभाना''' -- to fulfill, able to complete, implement -- ಆಸೆ ಈಡೇರ್‌ಚಿಡೋ '''निभाव''' -- act or state of carrying the work, responsibility -- ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ '''निभ्राँत''' -- unsuspicious, who has no doubts -- ಸಂಶಯ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निमग्न''' -- immersed, submerged -- ಮುಳಿತುಳ್ಳ '''निमज्जित''' -- bathed, immersed, growing under water -- ಮುಳ್ಳಿತುಳ್ಳ '''निमंत्रण''' -- invitation, allurement -- ತಕ್ಕಾರ ಕಾಗದ '''निमंत्रण पत्र''' -- invitation -- ಕಾಕಿ ಕೂಟುವೊ '''निमिष''' -- blinking, twinkle, an intensifier -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಚಿಮ್ಮೊ '''निमीलन''' -- winking, dazzled, blink -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಪೊಯ್ಯೊ '''निमीलित''' -- closed, shut up, restricted -- ಮುಚ್ಚ್‌ನ '''निमेष''' -- act of winking, winking, close and open quickly -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಚಿಮ್ಮಾದ್ '''निमोनिया''' -- pneumonia -- ಒರ್ ತರತ್‌ರ ಪನಿ '''निम्ज्जन''' -- bathing, immersion, submersion -- ಕುಳಿಪೊ '''निम्न''' -- low, sinking, degraded -- ಕ್ಷೀಣ '''निम्नलिखित''' -- under mentioned, following -- ಈ ಕೇದತ್ ಕಾಟಿತುಳ್ಳ '''निम्नांकित''' -- under mentioned, following -- ಅಡೀಲ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''नियत''' -- destined, fated -- ಹಣೆಬರಕ್ ಬಂದದ್ '''नियतन''' -- allotment, fixation, measure -- ಪಾಲ್‌ಕೆ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ '''नियंता''' -- controller, supreme controller -- ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪಂವೊ '''नियंत्रित''' -- controlled -- ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ '''नियम''' -- rule, policy, act -- ಆಳೋ '''नियमतः''' -- according to rule -- ನಿಯಮಕ್ ಅನುಸಾರವಾಯಿತ್ '''नियमानुसार''' -- according to rule -- ನಿಯಮಾನುಸಾರ '''नियमावली''' -- manual, conditions, prospectus -- ನೇಮ ಪುಸ್ತಕ, ಕೈಯಿಲ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''नियमित''' -- regulated, control, disposition -- ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ '''नियमितता''' -- regularity, formal, uniform -- ಶಿಸ್ತ್‌ಬದ್ದ, ಎಕ್ಕಾಲೂ '''नियामक''' -- regulating, regulative -- ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪದ್ '''नियुक्त''' -- appointed, posted, deployed -- ಎಡ್‌ತವೊ '''नियोकता''' -- one who appoints, employer -- ಕೆಲಸಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ತೊವೊವೊಂ '''नियोजक''' -- an employer -- ಯಜಮಾನ, ಪಣಿಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ತೂವೊಂವೊ '''नियोजन''' -- employment, placement -- ಚಾಕರಿ '''नियोजित''' -- employed -- ಕೆಲಸಕ್ ಉಳ್ಳ, ಚಾಕರಿಲ್ ಉಳ್ಳ್ '''निरंकुश''' -- despotic, uncontrolled, autocratic -- ಪುಡ್‌ತ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निरंकुश्ता''' -- autocracy, despotism, absolutism -- '''निरक्षर''' -- illiterate, ignorant, innocent -- ಎಳ್ತ್ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निरक्षरता''' -- illiterate, ignorant, uneducated -- ಎಳ್ತ್ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''निरंजन''' -- god, lord -- ದೇವ '''निरत''' -- engrossed, absorbed, involved -- ಮುಳಿ ಪೋಪ '''निरंतर''' -- continuous, uninterrupted -- ಬುಡು ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''निरनुनासिक''' -- non nasal -- ಮೂಕಲ್ ಅಲ್ಲತ '''निरन्न''' -- without food -- ಕೂಳ್ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ ಇಪ್ಪೊ '''निरपराध''' -- innocent, guiltless, blameless -- ಪಾಪತ್‌ರ '''निरपेक्ष''' -- absolute, perfect, undiluted -- ಎಲ್ಲ ಸರಿಯಾಯಿತುಲ್ಳ '''निरपेक्षवाद''' -- absolutism -- '''निरभिमान''' -- without pride, humble, meek -- ಜಂಬ ಇಲ್ಲತ,ಗತ್ಥ್ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''निरभिलाष''' -- without any desire, no ambition -- ಒರ್ ಆಸೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''निरभ्र''' -- cloudless, bright, crystal -- ಬೊಳೀ '''निरर्थक''' -- meaningless, useless, worthless -- ಅರ್ಥ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''निरवधि''' -- endless, limitless, timeless -- ಆಕೀರ್ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निरवलंब''' -- without support, helpless -- ಸಾಯ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''निरसन''' -- cancellation, repeat, rehearse -- ಪರ್ಂದಾನೆ ಪರಿಯೊ '''निरस्त''' -- cancelled, repeated, reactivate -- ಬಾಂಡಾಂದ್ ಮಾಡೊ '''निरस्त्र''' -- unarmed, disarmed, without any weapon -- ಆಯುಧ ಇಲ್ಲತವಂ '''निरस्त्रीकरण''' -- disarmament -- ಒಂದೂ ಆಯುಧ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ ಆಪೊ '''निरा''' -- complete, absolute, pure -- ತೀಂದ '''निराई''' -- act of weeding out, changes paid therefore -- ಬೋರೆ ಆಪ '''निराकरण''' -- repudiation, contradiction -- ತಿಕ್ಕಾರ ಮಾಡೋ '''निराकार''' -- formless, without form, shapeless -- ಆಕಾರ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निरादर''' -- disrespect, insult -- ಮಾನಂಗಡ್‌ವೊ, ಮಾನಂಗಡ್‌ತೊ '''निराधार''' -- groundless, baseless, unfounded -- ಆಧಾರ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निराना''' -- to weed out -- ಕಳೆ ಎಡ್‌ಪೊ '''निरापद''' -- immune, safe, secure -- ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಾಡಿಯಾವೋ '''निरामिष''' -- without non veg, vegetarian only -- ಸಸ್ಯಹಾರಿ '''निरालंब''' -- without support, helpless -- ಬೆಂಬಲ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''निराला''' -- strange, queer, unique -- ಬೋರೆ ತರತ್‌ರ '''निराश''' -- frustrated, disappointed, desperate -- ಬುಡ್ಂಜಿ ಪೋನ '''निराशा''' -- frustration -- ಬುಡ್ಂಜಿ ಪೋನದ್ '''निराशावादी''' -- a pessimist -- ಏದೊ ಬಾಂಡತಂವಂ '''निराश्रय''' -- destitute, shelter less -- ಆಶ್ರಯ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''निराहार''' -- fasting, without food -- ಪಟ್ಟಣಿ '''निरीक्षक''' -- an inspector -- ನಿರೀಕ್ಷಕ '''निरीक्षण''' -- inspection, invigilation -- ನಿರೀಕ್ಷಣೆ, ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ, ತಪಾಸಣೆ '''निरीक्षित''' -- inspected -- ತಪಾಸಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''निरीश्वरवाद''' -- atheism -- ದೇವಳ ನಂಬತ '''निरीह''' -- innocent, harmless -- ಪಾಪತ '''निरुक्त''' -- derivation -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್ ವದ್, ಮೂಲ '''निरुत्तर''' -- at a loss to answer -- ಉತ್ತರ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ ಕೈಯ್ಯತದ್ '''निरुत्साह''' -- without enthusiasm -- ಉತ್ಸಾಹ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निरुद्देश्य''' -- without any aim or without target -- ಗುರಿ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''निरुपम''' -- matchless, peerless, incomparable -- ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಮಾಡೋ '''निरुपाधि''' -- without any attribute, unconditioned -- ಓರೂ ನಿರ್ಬಂದ ಇಲ್ಲತ ದ್ '''निरुपाय''' -- without resources, helpless -- ಒಂದೂ ಮಾಡೊಕಯ್ಯತದ್, ಸಾಯ ಮಾಡೊಕೈಯತದ್ '''निःरुााव''' -- outflow, oozing out, outward movement -- ತೋರಿಕೆ ಗುಣ '''निरूढ़''' -- stylized, fixed by usage -- ಚಾಇ ತರತ್ ಲ್ '''निरूपक''' -- representative, representing, demonstrates -- ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿ '''निरूपण''' -- determination, representation -- ಪುರ್‌ಡ್ '''निरोग''' -- without ailment, sound -- ಕಾಯಿಲ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊಂ '''निरोध''' -- constraint, control, restriction, condom -- ಪುಡ್‌ತ '''निर्ख''' -- rate, cost, estimate -- ಬೆಲೆ '''निर्गध''' -- odourless, without any flavour -- ಗಮನ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निर्गम''' -- egress, outlet -- ಪೊರ್‌ಮೆ ಕಂಡಿ '''निर्गुण''' -- without attributes, without qualities -- ಗುಣಮಟ್ಟ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निर्जन''' -- desolate, uninhabited, solitary, lonely -- ವಾಸ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निर्जर''' -- having no old age, ever young -- ಎಕ್ಕೋಲು ಬಾಲ್ಯ '''निर्जल''' -- dry -- ಒಣಂಗ್‌ನದ್ '''निर्जलीकरण''' -- dehydration, to loose water, evaporate -- ನೀರ್ ಆರ್‌ವೋ '''निर्जीव''' -- lifeless, dead, inanimate -- ಚತ್ತ್‌ಪೋನದ್, ಜೀವ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निर्झर''' -- waterfall, fall, lack -- ಅಬ್ಬೀ '''निर्णय''' -- decision, judgement, opinion -- ತೀರ್‌ಮಾನ '''निर्णायक''' -- decisive, conclusive, judge -- ಆಕೀರ್ ತೀರ್ಮಾನ '''निर्णीत''' -- decided, judged, referee -- ತೀರ್‌ಮಾನ ಮಾಡನದ್ '''निर्दय''' -- pitiless, merciless, ruthless -- ದಯೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''निर्दयता''' -- pitilessness, mercilessness, cruelty -- ದಯೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್/ ಕರುಣೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निर्दयी''' -- pitiless, merciless, cruel -- ಕ್ರೂರ ತರ '''निर्दल''' -- not belonging to any party, independent -- ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡೆ ಆನದ್ '''निर्दलीय''' -- independent, not influenced by any one, possessing a competency -- ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ಆಯಿತುಳ್ಲ '''निर्दिष्ट''' -- assigned, determined, specified -- ನಿರ್‌ಕ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''निर्देश''' -- instruction, training, coaching -- ಸೂಚನೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''निर्देश''' -- direction, directive, guidance -- ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''निर्देशक''' -- instructor, director, command -- ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಕ '''निर्देशक''' -- a director, head of the unit -- ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕ '''निर्देशात्मक''' -- director, guidelines -- ಎಣ್ಣೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ತನ್ನತದ್ '''निर्देशालय''' -- a directorate -- ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಾಲಯ '''निर्दोष''' -- irreproachable, innocent, blameless -- ದೋಷ ಇಲ್ಲತವಂ '''निर्दोषता''' -- not deserving blame, innocence, guiltlessness -- ದೋಷ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निर्धन''' -- poor, have not, worthless -- ಗರೀಬ '''निर्धनता''' -- poverty, penury, destitution -- ಗರೀಬತನ '''निर्बधि''' -- freedom, unrestricted, unlimited -- ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ '''निर्बल''' -- weak, infirm, delicate -- ಲಾಚಾರ್ '''निर्बुद्धि''' -- foolish, stupid, senseless -- ಮುಠ್ಠಾಳ '''निर्भय''' -- fearless, brave, daring -- ಧೈರ್ಯಕಾರ '''निर्भर''' -- dependent, support, assistance -- ಇನ್ನೊಬ್ಬನ ನಂಬಿತಿಪ್ಪ್, ಆಧಾರ '''निर्भीक''' -- fearless, bold, brave -- ಧೈರ್ಯ '''निर्मम''' -- merciless, cruel, ruthless -- ಕ್ರೂರಿ '''निर्मल''' -- pure, clear, unadulterated -- ಶುದ್ದ, ಜಿಡ್ಡ್ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निर्माण''' -- construction, rendition, story -- ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಾಡೊ '''निर्माता''' -- a person that builds, constructor -- ಕಟ್ಟುವಂವೊಂ '''निर्मूल''' -- baseless, groundless, without root -- ಆಧಾರ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निर्यात''' -- export, transit to another place, exchanges -- ರಫ್ತ್/ ಕೊಂಡಪೋಪೊ '''निर्यातक''' -- exporter, one who exports -- ರಫ್ತ್ ಮಾಡುವಂವೂಂ '''निर्लज्ज''' -- indecent, shameless, brazen faced -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निर्लज्जता''' -- shameless, unashamed, brazen -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निर्लिप्त''' -- unattached, not connected, not attached -- ಹೊಂದಿಕೆ ಆಕತದ್/ ಜೋಡಣೆ ಆಕತದ್ '''निर्वचन''' -- interpretation, elucidation, speechless -- ಅರ್ಥ ಮಾಡಿಕೊಡ್‌ಪದ್ '''निर्वसन''' -- naked, nude, uncovered -- ಬೆತ್ತಲೆ '''निर्वाचक''' -- a person who elects, elector, a qualified voter -- ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಾಡುವಂವಂ '''निर्वाचन''' -- election, act of electing -- ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಾಡೊ '''निर्वाचित''' -- elected, chosen by vote -- ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಆನ '''निर्वाण''' -- salvation, destruction, risk -- ಮುಕ್ತಿ ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟೊ '''निर्वासन''' -- deportation -- ಪೊರ್‌ಮೆ ಅಯಪ '''निर्वाह''' -- subsistence, nourishment, survival -- ಕಾಪಾಡಿಯವ '''निर्विकल्प''' -- without any alternative, no option -- ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निर्विकार''' -- changeless, constant, steadfast -- ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निर्विघ्न''' -- uninterrupted, without hindrance, smoothly -- ಮೆತ್ತನೆ '''निर्विरोध''' -- unopposed, unanimous, without any opposition -- ವಿರೋಧ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ (ಅವಿರೋಧ) '''निर्विवाद''' -- indisputable, undeniable, evident -- ವಾದ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಒತ್ತಂಡದ್ '''निर्वेग''' -- unmoving, motionless, without any movement -- ಚಲನೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निर्वेद''' -- disgust, indifference, sicken -- ಬುಡ್‌ಜಿ ಪೋಪ '''निलय''' -- residence, mansion, abode -- ಮನೆ '''निवारण''' -- prevention, preclude, impede -- ತಡ್‌ಪ '''निवासी''' -- domicile, inhabitant, resident -- ವಾಸ ಮಾಡುವುವೊ, ವಾಸ ಉಳ್ಳಂವೊ '''निविदा''' -- tender -- ಹರಾಜ್ '''निविष्टि''' -- entry, record, note -- ದಾಖಲೆ '''निवृत''' -- freed, relieved, out of emotion -- ಬುಟ್ಟ್ ಕೊಡ್ ಪ '''निवृत्ति''' -- freedom, independence, liberty -- ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ '''निवेदक''' -- applicant, request, candidate -- ಅಭ್ಯರ್ಥಿ '''निवेदन''' -- submission, attitude -- ಕೇಟವ, ಬೋಡಿಯವ '''निवेदित''' -- submitted, requested, prayed for -- ಬೋಡುವೊ, ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''निवेश''' -- camp, house, residence -- ಶಿಬಿರ, ಮನೆ '''निशा''' -- night, dark, nightfall -- ಇರ್‌ಟ್ '''निशाचर''' -- night wanderer, demon -- ನಿಶಾಚಾರಿ, ಇರ್ ನಡೆಕಾರ '''निशान''' -- mark, sign, impression -- ಗುರ್ತ್ ಮಾಡವೊ '''निशानेबाज''' -- good shot, right person -- ನಲ್ಲ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ '''निशिदिन''' -- day and night -- ಪೊಲಾಕ ಪಿಂಞ ಬಯಿಟ್ '''निश्चय''' -- determination, ascertainment, solution -- ಪರಿಹಾರ ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಚವೊ '''निश्चयात्मक''' -- positive, definite, certain -- ಖಡಾಖಂಡಿತ '''निश्चल''' -- motionless, immovable, inert -- ಚಲನೆಲ್ ಇಪ್ಪದ್ '''निश्चित''' -- certain, definite, blithe -- ಖಡಾಖಂಡಿತ '''निश्चिन्त''' -- carefree, elated, cheerful -- ತೆಳಿಮೂಡ್, ಕುಶೀಲಿಪ್ಪ '''निश्चेष्ट''' -- motionless, unconscious, stable -- ಸ್ಥಿರತೆ '''निश्छल''' -- without wile, sincere, quiet -- ದಕ್ಷತೆ '''निःश्रेयस''' -- highest, good, maximum -- ಪೆರ್ತ್ ಕೊಡಿಲುಳ್ಳದ್/ ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''निःश्वसन''' -- breathing out, respiration -- ಉಸ್‌ರೆಡ್‌ಪೊ '''निःश्वास''' -- termination, expiration, breathing out -- ಉಸ್‌ರ್ ಬುಡುವೊ '''निषंग''' -- quiver, rapid motion, tremble -- ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪ, ಕಂಪನ '''निषिद्ध''' -- interdict, prohibited, forbidden -- ನಿಷೇಧಿತ, ಬುಡತದ್ '''निषेध''' -- forbiddance, prohibition, obstruct -- ಅಡೆತಡೆ '''निष्कंटक''' -- relief, free from troubles, without any hurdles -- ಏದೇ ತೊಂದರೆ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ '''निष्कपट''' -- ingenuous, honest, trusty -- ನಂಬಿಕೆ '''निष्कलुष''' -- spotless, stainless, having no stain -- ತೆಳ್ಂಗಿತಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''निष्काम''' -- spirit of non attachment, no use, no connection -- ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निष्कारण''' -- without reason, no purpose, no cause -- ಏದೂ ಕಾರಣ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''निष्कासन''' -- expulsion, elliction, removal -- ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಾಡವೊ '''निष्कासित''' -- expelled, ejected, rusticated -- ಪೊರ್ಂಬಡಿ ಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''निष्क्रमण''' -- evacuation, exit, passage -- ಓಣಿ, ನಡ್‌ಪ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''निष्क्रिय''' -- inactive, passive, submissive -- ಚುರ್‌ಕ್ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ '''निष्क्रियता''' -- inactivity, inaction, idleness -- ಆಲಸ್ಯ, ವರ್‌ಕ್ ಜೂಂಗನನೆಕೆ ಉಳ್ಳಂವೊ '''निष्ठ''' -- faithful, loyal, patriotic -- ವಿಶ್ವಾಸಿ '''निष्ठा''' -- loyalty, allegiance, faithful -- ರಾಜನಿಷ್ಠೆ, ರಾಜಭಕ್ತಿ '''निष्ठावान''' -- loyal, faithful, sincere -- ದಕ್ಷತೆ, ವಿಶ್ವಾಸಿತ್ ಒಳಪಟ್ಟವೊ '''निष्ठुर''' -- heartless, cruel, merciless -- ಕ್ರೂರ '''निष्ठुरता''' -- cruelty, violent, brutal -- ಅಕ್ರಮ, ಆನದ್, ಉಗ್ರವಾನದ್ '''निष्पक्ष''' -- impartial, unbiased, unprejudiced -- ಪಕ್ಷಪಾತ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निष्पंद''' -- without vibration, motionless, stable -- ಸ್ಥಿರ ಆನದ್ '''निष्पन्न''' -- completed, undivided, unimpaired -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಆನದ್ '''निष्पादक''' -- perform, executive, supervisory authority -- ಉಸ್ತುವಾರಿ, ಕಾರ್ಬಾರ್ ನೋಟುವಂವೊ, ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ '''निष्पादित''' -- achiever, executed, finished -- ಸಾಧಕ '''निष्पाद्य''' -- to be done, finished, completed -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಆನದ್ '''निष्प्रयोजन''' -- no motive, no use, no purpose -- ಉಪಯೋಗಕ್ ಬರತದ್ ಉದ್ದೇಶ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निष्प्राण''' -- lifeless, soulless, heartless -- ಜೀಂವ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಆಪೊ '''निष्फल''' -- futile, useless, frivolous -- ಉಪಯೋಗಕ್ ಬಾರತದ್ '''निसर्ग''' -- nature, the material world, the universe -- ಪ್ರಕೃತಿ '''निसर्गत''' -- naturally, in normal manner, innately -- ಪ್ರಾಕೃತಿಕ '''निस्तब्ध''' -- quiet, silence, calm -- ಗಲಾಟೆ ಮಾಡದೆ ಇಪ್ಪ '''निस्तार''' -- deliverance, handover, transfer -- ಕೈ ಮಾತುವೊ ಜರ ವಸ್ತು ಇಂಞಬ್ಬಂಗ್ ವಹಿಸುವೊ '''निस्तारक''' -- remissive, decrease, remission -- ಇಳಿಕೆ '''निस्तेज''' -- lifeless, passive, inert -- ಜೀಂವ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निस्पंद''' -- steady, balanced, invariable -- ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆ, ಸ್ಪಂದನ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''निःस्पंद''' -- still, motionless, constant -- ಇಕ್ಕಲೆ '''निस्पृह''' -- without ambition, free from all desires -- ಗುರಿ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ '''निस्पृह''' -- selfless, indifferent -- ಬೋರೆತರತಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''निस्वार्थ''' -- unselfish, selfless -- ಸ್ವಾರ್ಥ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''निहंग''' -- alone, single, solitary -- ಒಬ್ಬನೇ '''निहत्या''' -- unarmed, without weapon, no armour -- ಆಯುಧ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ '''निहानी''' -- instrument, a mechanical tool, weapon -- ಉಪಕರಣ '''निहारना''' -- to look intently, significance, look purposefully -- ನೋಟುವೊ '''निहाल''' -- perfectly, ideally, superbly -- ಸಂತುಷ್ಟ, ಕುಶೀಲ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''निहित''' -- vested, inherent, innate -- ಕೆಟ್ಟಂವ '''नीका''' -- good, excellent, pious, upright -- ನಲ್ಲ '''नीच''' -- low, mean, base -- ನೀಚ, ಕೆಟ್ಟಂವೊ '''नीचा''' -- low, deep, placed -- ಕ್ ದ '''नीचाई''' -- lowness, depth, low level -- ಆಳತುಳ್ಳದ್/ ಕ್ ದಲುಳ್ಳದ್ '''नीचे''' -- below, underneath, under -- ಕ್ ದತ್ '''नीड़''' -- nest, occupants, home -- ಗೂಡ್ '''नीति''' -- policy, principle, acumen -- ರೀತಿ-ನೀತಿ/ ನೀತಿ-ನಡ್‌ಪು '''नीतिज्ञ''' -- politic, statesman, lawmaker -- ರೀತಿ ನೀತಿ ಮಾಡುವಂವೊ '''नीतिशास्त्र''' -- ethics, moral, principle -- ನೀತಿ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''नींद''' -- sleep, drowsy, doze -- ವರ್‌ಕ್ '''नींबू''' -- lemon, citrus fruit, lemon yellow -- ಚೋರಂಗೆ, ನಿಂಬು '''नीम''' -- neem tree, margosa tree -- ಬೇವು ಮರ '''नीम हकीम''' -- quack, harsh, phony -- ಹಕೀಮ '''नीयत''' -- intention, motive, stimulus -- ನಿಯತ್ತ್‌ತ್‌ಕಾರ ಯೋಗ್ಯ '''नीर''' -- water -- ನೀರ್ '''नीरद''' -- cloud, vapor, swarm -- ಮೋಡ '''नीरस''' -- without juice, dry -- ರಸ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''नील''' -- blue, gloomy, azure -- ನೀಲ '''नीलकंठ''' -- bird, lord Shiv -- ಶಿವ/ ನೀಲ ಕಂಠ '''नीलगाय''' -- yak, shaggy-haired wild ox, antelope -- ನೀಲಗಾಯಿ (ಒರ್ ಪ್ರಾಣಿ) '''नीलमणि''' -- sapphire, a deep blue, a gem -- ನೀಲ ಮಣಿ '''नीलाम''' -- auction, public sale, highest bidder -- ಹರಾಜ್ ಕೂಗುವೊ '''नीलामी''' -- open sale, open bid, pertaining to auction -- ಹರಾಜ್ '''नींव''' -- foundation, footing, settlement -- ತೀರ್ಮಾನ '''नीहार''' -- fog, mist, be cloud -- ಮಂಜಿ '''नीहारिका''' -- nebula, galaxy, foggy -- ನಿಹಾರಿಕೆ/ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರ ಗುಂಪ್ '''नुकस''' -- defect, fault, blemish -- ದೋಷ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''नुकसान''' -- loss, damage, privation -- ನಷ್ಟ '''नुकसानी''' -- damaged, privation, deprivation -- ನಷ್ಟ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''नुकीला''' -- pointed, penetrating, epigrammatic -- ಗುರ್‌ತ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''नुक्क़ड''' -- corner, dead end, impasse -- ಆಖೀರಿ ಜಾಗ, ಮೂಲೆ '''नुक़्ता''' -- point, dot, a dagger -- ಚುಕ್ಕಿ '''नुचना''' -- to be plucked up -- ಬಲಿಪ್ಪ '''नुनखरा''' -- saltish, saline, salty solution -- ಉಪ್ಪುಪ್ಪು (ಉಪ್ಪುಂಜ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್) '''नुमाइश''' -- exhibition, display, to show -- ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನ '''नुस्ख़ा''' -- prescription, recipe, dosage -- ಮದ್ದ್ ಚೀಟಿ '''नूतन''' -- new, novel, modern -- ಪುದಿಯದ್ '''नूपूर''' -- anklet, circlet worn around the ankle -- ಕಾಲ್‌ಗೆಜ್ಜೆ '''नूर''' -- splendour, light, luster -- ಪ್ರಕಾಶ (ಬೊಳಿ) '''नृ''' -- human being -- ಮನುಷ್ಯ '''नृप''' -- king, monarch -- ರಾಜ '''नृशंस''' -- atrocious, cruel, ferocious -- ಕ್ರೂರಿ '''नेक''' -- good and virtuous -- ಬುದ್ದಿಕಾರ '''नेकचलन''' -- goo manners, of good conduct -- ನಲ್ಲ ನಡ್‌ಪುಕಾರ '''नेकचलनी''' -- demeanor, behavior, good conduct -- ನೇರೆ ಬಟ್ಟೆಲ್ ನಡ್‌ಪಂವೊ '''नेकनाम''' -- reputed, popular, familiar -- ನಲ್ಲ ಪೆದ '''नेकनीयत''' -- good manners, having an honest purpose, good behavior -- ನಲ್ಲ ನಡ್‌ತೆ '''नेकी''' -- goodness, integrity, honesty -- ನಲ್ಲರಿಕೆ '''नेता''' -- leader, directing head, political chief -- ಮುಕ್ರಿ '''नेतागीरी''' -- leadership, talent of the politician, position of politics -- ಮುಕ್ರಿತನ ಉಳ್ಳಂವೊ '''नेतृत्व''' -- leadership, function of a leader, ability to lead -- ಮುಕ್ರಿತನ '''नेत्र''' -- eye, organ of sight, vision -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ '''नेपथ्य''' -- embellishment, decoration, under, adornment -- ಬಳಿಮರೆಲ್ '''नेवला''' -- mongoose -- ಕೀರಿ '''नेस्ती''' -- lazy, indolent, idle -- ಸೋಮಾರಿ '''नैचा''' -- pipe of hubble-bubble -- ಹುಕ್ಕ ಬಲಿಪ್ಪ ಕೊಳ್‌ಪೆ '''नैज''' -- personal, individual -- ವಯಕ್ತಿಕ '''नैतिक''' -- ethical, pertaining to duty, moral -- ನೀತಿ '''नैतिकता''' -- morality, goodness, character -- ನೀತಿ ಉಳ್ಳನ್ನತದ್ '''नैपुण्य''' -- skill, adroitness, proficiency -- ನಿಪುಣತೆ '''नैमित्तिक''' -- casual, random, fortuitous -- ನಿಮಿತ್ತಕೊತ್ತದ್ '''नैवेद्य''' -- oblation, charitable use, offering made to a diety -- ನೈವೇದ್ಯ '''नैसर्गिक''' -- natural, innate, inborn -- ನಿಸರ್ಗ '''नैहर''' -- parental home, native -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನ ಮನೆ '''नोकदार''' -- pointed, sharp, barbed -- ಗುರ್‌ತ್‌ಚಿಡುವದ್ '''नोच खसोट''' -- pinching and snatching, plunder, rapine -- ಞುಂಡ್‌ವೊ -ಪೊಯ್ಯುವೊ '''नोचना''' -- to claw, a sharp, usually curved -- ಚೂಪಾನ ಒಯ್ಯಿ '''नोट''' -- currency note -- ಉರ್‌ಪಿಯ '''नौकरानी''' -- a maid servant, female servant -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಆಳ್ '''नौकरी''' -- service, job, employment -- ಚಾಕ್‌ರಿ '''नौकरीपेशा''' -- in service -- ಚಾಕ್‌ರಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''नौका''' -- boat -- ದೋಣಿ '''नौजवान''' -- young, not old, in the prime of life -- ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ '''नौबत''' -- situation, condition, turn -- ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''नौसिखुआ''' -- a learner, inexperienced, a novice -- ಪಡಿಪಂವ '''नौसेना''' -- naval force -- ನೌಕಾ ಪಡೆ '''न्याय''' -- justice, rule, equity -- ನ್ಯಾಯ '''न्यायकर्ता''' -- judge, justice, referee -- ನ್ಯಾಯಾಧೀಶ/ ಜಡ್ಜ್ '''न्यायपालिका''' -- judiciary -- ನ್ಯಾಯ ಪಾಲ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವವು '''न्यायप्रिय''' -- justice loving -- ನ್ಯಾಯ ಕುಶಿಪಡ್‌ವವೋ '''न्यायमूर्ति''' -- a magistrate, justice, judge -- ನ್ಯಾಯಾದೀಶ '''न्यायाधीश''' -- judge, justice, jury -- ನ್ಯಾಯ ತೀರ್ಮಾನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಂವೋ '''न्यायालय''' -- court of law, judicature, tribunal -- ನ್ಯಾಯ ತೀರ್ಪ್ ತಪ್ಪಜಾಗ '''न्यायिक''' -- judicial, forensic, contest -- ನ್ಯಾಯಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''न्यायी''' -- reasonable, just, wise -- ನ್ಯಾಯಕೊತ್ತದ್ '''न्यारा''' -- unique, separate, peculiar -- ಬೋರೆ '''न्यास''' -- trust, pledge, entrust -- ಆಣೆ ಭಾಷೆ '''न्यून''' -- insufficient, lacking, deficient -- ಎತ್ತತದ್ '''न्यूनतम''' -- minimum -- ಎಚ್ಚಕ್ ಬೋಂಡುವೊ ಅಚ್ಚಕ್ '''न्योछावर''' -- sacrifice, worship, a propitiatory offering -- ತ್ಯಾಗ ಮಾಡುವೊ/ ಬುಟ್ಟ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''न्योता''' -- invitation, occasional, gathering, act of inviting -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪ್ಪೋ '''प''' -- the first letter of the fifth and ultimate pentad (प वर्ग) of the Devanagari alphabet -- 'ಪ' ವರ್ಗತ್‌ರ ಸುರೂ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''पंक''' -- slime, mud, mire -- ಕೆತ್ತೆ ಮಣ್ಣ್ '''पंकचर''' -- puncture, a hole, the act of piercing -- ತೂತ, ಕಣ್ಣ್ '''पंकज''' -- born in slime, lotus -- ತಾವರೆ '''पकड़''' -- hold, catch, grip -- ಪುಡಿಪ '''पकड़ना''' -- to hold, grasp, seize -- ಪುಡಿ '''पकना''' -- to ripen, to be cooked, to be mature -- ಪಣ್ಣಾಪ, ಬೇವುಚಿಡುವ '''पकवान''' -- Indian type of pudding -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ ತೀನಿ '''पकाई''' -- act or processing or ripening -- ಪಣ್ಣಾಕ್‌ವ '''पकाना''' -- to cook, to ripen, to bake -- ಬೇವ್‌ಚಿಡುವ, ಅಡಿಗೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''पंकिल''' -- slimy, muddy, vague -- ಕೆತ್ತೆ ಕೆತ್ತೆ, ತೊಯಿಂಜ ನೆಲ '''पकोड़ा''' -- a kind of chop fried in oil -- ಪೊಕ್ಕಡ '''पक्का''' -- ripe, definite, surely -- ಪಣ್ಣಾನದ್, ನೇರಾನದ್ '''पंक्ति''' -- line, queue, a margin of space -- ಸಾಲ್ '''पक्व''' -- cooked -- ಬೇವ್ ಚಿಟ್ಟದ್ '''पक्वता''' -- ripeness, maturity, cooked -- ಆತ್‌ನದ್, ಬೊಳಂದದ್, ಬೇವ್‌ಬೆಟ್ಟದ್. '''पक्ष''' -- aspect, side, outlook -- ನೋಟ, ಬರಿ '''पक्षपात''' -- partiality, leaning, inclination -- ಪಕ್ಷಪಾತ, ಓರ್‌ಬರಿಕ್ ಪರಿವ '''पक्षपाती''' -- partial, partisan, imperfect -- ಭೇದ ಭಾವ ಕಾಟುವಂವ '''पक्षाघात''' -- paralysis, inactivity, inability -- ಪಾರ್ಶ್ವವಾಯು, ಬರಿಬಕ್ಕತಾಪ '''पक्षांतर''' -- the other for night -- ಬದಲಾಕುವ '''पक्षी''' -- bird -- ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''पख़''' -- impediment, hindrance, hamper -- ಅಡೆತಡೆ, ತಟ್ಟ್ಂದಡೆ '''पंख''' -- feather, wing, pinion -- ತೊಪ್ಪ್‌ಟ, ರೆಕ್ಕೆ '''पखवाड़ा''' -- fortnight -- ಪದ್‌ನಂಜಿ ದಿನಕ್ಕೊಮ್ಮ (ದಂಡಾಚೆ) '''पखारना''' -- to wash, clean, launder -- ಕತ್ತುವ, ತೆಳ್‌ಕುವ '''पखावज''' -- drum, musical instrument -- ಚಂಡೆ, ದೋಳ್ '''पंखी''' -- flying insect, bird -- ಪಾರೊ ಪುಳು '''पग''' -- foot, ankle joint -- ಕಾಲ್‌ರ ಮುಡಿ '''पगडंड़ी''' -- footpath, footway -- (ಒಳಬಟ್ಟೆ) ಕಾಲ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''पगड़ी''' -- turban -- ಮಂಡೆತುಣಿ '''पंगत''' -- comunity feast, row in community feast -- ಕೂಟ್‌ಕಂಬಳ, ಅಳತ್ ಊಟ ಸಾಲ್ '''पगना''' -- to be impregnated -- ಕುಳಿಯಮೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''पगला''' -- mad, insane, mentally disturbed -- ಪುಚ್ಚ, ಮಂಡೆ ಸೆರಿ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ '''पगली''' -- mad, insane (feminine) -- ಪುಚ್ಚಿ ಮಂಡೆಕೆಟ್ಟವ '''पगोड़ा''' -- Buddha temple -- ಬುದ್ಧ ತಿರಿಕೆ '''पंच''' -- five, arbiter -- ಅಂಜಿ ಪಂಚಾತಿಗೆಕಾರ '''पंचक''' -- group, set of five -- ಅಂಜಾಳ್‌ರ ಗುಡ್ಡೆ, ಅಂಜಾಳ್‌ರ ಕೂಟ '''पँचगुना''' -- five times -- ಅಂಜಿಕುರಿ '''पंचतत्व''' -- five elements -- ಅಂಜಿ ಮೂಲ ವಸ್ತು (ಪಂಚ ಭೂತ) '''पंचभूत''' -- the five primary elements- earth, water, air, fire, ether -- ಭೂಮಿ, ನೀರ್, ಕಾತ್, ತಿತ್ತ್, ಆಕಾಶ '''पंचम''' -- fifth-clever, fifth note in music -- ಅಂಜನೆ, ಸಂಗೀತತ್‌ಲ್ ಬಾಣ ಅಂಜನೆ ಪಾದ '''पंचमी''' -- fifth day -- ಅಂಜನೆ ದಿನ, ಪಂಚಮಿ '''पँचमेल''' -- of five sorts -- ಅಂಜಿತರ ತ್‌ರ '''पँचरंगा''' -- five coloured -- ಅಂಜಿರಂಗ್‌ರ '''पंचरत्न''' -- five sacred jewels -- ಅಂಜಿ ರತ್ನ '''पंचवटी''' -- name of the cottage, a place in Dandaka forest where lord Rama stayed -- ಶ್ರೀರಾಮ ದಂಡಕಾರಣ್ಣತ್‌ಲಿಂಜ ಗುಡಿಸಲ್ '''पंचवर्षीय''' -- five year plan -- ಅಂಜಿಕಾಲತ್‌ರ ಯೋಜನೆ, ಪಂಚವಾರ್ಷಿಕ '''पंचशील''' -- a set of five tenents, conducts according to Buddhists -- ಅಂಜಿ ತತ್ವ '''पचहत्तर''' -- seventy five -- ಎಳುವತಂಜಿ '''पंचांग''' -- Hindu calendar, a thing consisting of five parts -- ಪಂಚಾಂಗ '''पचाना''' -- to digest, epitome -- ಜೀರ್ಣ ಆಪ, ಕರ್‌ಕುವ ಅರ್‌ಗಣೆ ಆಪ '''पंचामृत''' -- sacred drink consisting of milk, yoguhurt, sugar, ghee, honey -- ಪಂಚಾಮೃತ, ಪಾಲ್, ಮೋರ್, ಸಕ್ಕರೆ, ನೆಯಿ, ತೇನ್ ಕೂಟಿತ್ ಮೇಕ್‌ನದ್. '''पंचायत''' -- a court of village -- ಗ್ರಾಮ ಪಂಚಾಯತ್ '''पंचायती''' -- public, common, village assembly -- ಗ್ರಾಮ ಪಂಚಾಯತ್ ಕೂಟ '''पचाव''' -- digestion -- ಅರ್‌ಗಣೆ '''पंचेन्द्रिय''' -- the five organs of sense, eye, ear, nose, tongue, skin -- ಪಂಚೇಂದ್ರಿಯ (ಕಣ್ಣ್, ಕೆಮಿ, ಮೂಕ್, ನಾವು, ತೋಲ್) '''पच्चर''' -- wedged chip -- ಗೂಟ, ಕೀಲ್ '''पछताना''' -- to repent, to feel sorry, self reproachful -- ಆಯಿಪೋನ ತಪ್ಪುಕ್ ಬೇಜಾರಪಡುವ '''पछतावा''' -- repentance, compunction, regret -- ಆಯಿಪೋನ ತಪ್ಪುಕ್ ಕೊರಗುವ '''पछाड़''' -- to fall down in grief -- ಬೇಜಾರತ್‌ಲ್ ಮುಳುವ '''पंछी''' -- bird -- ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''पंजर''' -- skeleton, frame, outline of a picture -- ಎಲ್ಂಬ್ ಗೂಡ್, ಚಿತ್ರತ್‌ರ ಪೊರಮೆರ ಗೆರೆ '''पंजिका''' -- a small register -- ಚೆರಿಯ ದಾಖಲೆ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''पंजी''' -- register, record book -- ದಾಖಲೆ ಮಾಡಿಬೆಪ್ಪ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''पट''' -- cloth -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''पटकना''' -- to knock -- ಬೊರಿಪ '''पटना''' -- to be covered -- ಮುಚ್ಚುವ '''पटल''' -- screen, layer, thickness of material -- ಪರದೆ '''पटवारी''' -- patwari, village records head -- ಪಟೇಲ '''पटाना''' -- to pay -- ಕೊಡ್ '''पटापट''' -- with a continuous tapping sound -- ನಿಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡತ ಬೊರಿಪ ಸದ್ದ್ '''पटाव''' -- act of, state of -- ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''पटिया''' -- slate, board -- ಸ್ಲೇಟ್ '''पटु''' -- clever, mentally bright, having sharp -- ಚುರ್‌ಕುಳ್ಳಂವ, ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ '''पट्टमहिषी''' -- queen consort -- ಪಟ್ಟತ್ ರಾಣಿ '''पट्टा''' -- lease, lease deed -- ಪಟ್ಟೆ '''पठन''' -- reading, studying -- ಓದುವ '''पठनीय''' -- readable, legible, capable of being read -- ಓದುವಂತದ್ '''पठान''' -- in habitant of Pathan -- ಪಟಾನ್‌ರ ನಿವಾಸಿಯ '''पड़ता''' -- manufacturing cost -- ತಯಾರ್ ಮಾಡುವ ಖರ್ಚ್ '''पड़ताल''' -- thorough investigation -- ನಲ್ಲೋಣೆ ಗುಟ್ಟರಿವ '''पड़वा''' -- calf of a buffalo -- ಎಮ್ಮೆಕಡ್‌ಚಿ, ಚೇಡಿ '''पंडा''' -- a brahmin -- ಪಟ್ಟ '''पंड़ाल''' -- pandal, a temporary shelter -- ಪಂದ (ಚಪ್ಪರ) '''पंडित''' -- a Brahmin, priest, scholar -- ಪಂಡಿತ, ನಲ್ಲ ಪಡಿಪುಕಾರ '''पंडितताव''' -- scholarly, academic, learned person -- ಪಡ್‌ಚಂವ '''पंडिताई''' -- scholarship -- ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ ವೇತನ, ವಿದ್ಯ, ಪಡಿಪು '''पंडिताई''' -- priesthood, cultured scholar -- ಪಾಂಡಿತ್ಯ '''पड़ोस''' -- neighbourhood -- ನೆರೆಮನೆ, ನೆರೆಕರೆ '''पढ़त''' -- reading, action, practice of reading -- ಓದುವೊ, ಓದುವಕ್ ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ '''पढ़ना''' -- to read -- ಓದುವ '''पढ़ना लिखना''' -- read and write -- ಓದ್ ಪಿಂಞ ಎಳ್‌ದ್ (ಓದುವ ಎಳ್‌ದುವ) '''पण्य''' -- marketable -- ಮಾರುವದ್ '''पण्यवस्तु''' -- commodity, something of use, commercial article -- ವಸ್ತು, ಮಾರಾಟತ್‌ರ ವಸ್ತು. '''पतंग''' -- paper kite -- ಕಾಗದ ಗಾಳಿಪಟ '''पतझड़''' -- autumn, the fall, a time of full maturity -- ಕುಳ್‌ರ್‌ಕಾಲ (ಕುಂಬ್ಯಾರ್ ಮಾಲ್ಯಾರ್) '''पतन''' -- fall, downfall, to come down -- ಬೂವ, ಅಡಿಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪ, ಚೋತಂಡ್ ಬಪ್ಪ '''पतनशील''' -- tending to fall -- ಬೂವಕಾಪ '''पतला''' -- thin, slim, slender -- ತಳ್ಳನೆ '''पतलून''' -- trousers -- ಸುರಾಲ್ '''पता''' -- address, fact, cleverness -- ಅಡ್ರೆಸ್, ನೇರಾನ, ಚುರ್‌ಕ್‌ತನ '''पताका''' -- a piece of cloth, flag -- ತುಣಿಕೀತ್ '''पति''' -- husband, a married man, preserve -- ವಡಿಯ, ಮಂಗಲಾನಂವ '''पतित''' -- degraded, reputation, reduced in rank -- ಬೆಲೆಕಳಂದಂಡಂವ '''पतिव्रता''' -- faithful to the husband -- ಪತಿವ್ರತೆ '''पतीला''' -- container, kettle, crate -- ಪಾತ್ರೆ '''पत्तर''' -- sheet of metal -- ತಗಡ್ '''पत्तल''' -- leaf plate -- ಎಲಕಂಡತ್‌ರ ತಳಿಯ '''पत्ता''' -- leaf -- ಎಲಕಂಡ, ತೊಪ್ಪ್, ಚಪ್ಪಲೆ '''पत्ती''' -- leaf -- ತೊಪ್ಪ್ '''पत्थर''' -- stone -- ಕಲ್ಲ್ '''पत्नी''' -- wife, spouse -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''पत्र''' -- letter, paper, leaf -- ಕಾಗದ, ಪಾಳೆ '''पत्रकार''' -- journalist, profession of journalism, practice or occupation -- ಪೇಪರ್‌ಕಾರ, ಪತ್ರಿಕೋದ್ಯಮಿ '''पत्रपेटी''' -- letter box -- ಕಾಗದ ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ '''पत्रवाहक''' -- letter bearer -- ಕಾಗದ ಕೊಂಡ ಬಪ್ಪಂವ '''पत्रव्यवहार''' -- correspondence -- ಪತ್ರ ವ್ಯವಹಾರ '''पत्रिका''' -- periodical, magazine, published at regularly recurring intervals -- ಸಂಚಿಕೆ '''पत्री''' -- horoscope, astrology, leaflet -- ಜಾತ್‌ಕ, ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ, ಕಣಿಯಾಮೆ '''पथ''' -- way, a path, to guide -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''पथप्रदर्शक''' -- guide -- ಬಟ್ಟೆಕಾಟುವಂವ '''पथरना''' -- to be stoned -- ಕಲ್ಲ್‌ಕನಿಪ '''पथरी''' -- bladderstone -- ಉಚ್ಚೆಪೊಟ್ಟೆರ ಕಲ್ಲ್ '''पथिक''' -- traveller -- ತಿರ್‌ಗುವಂವ '''पथी''' -- traveller -- ತಿರ್‌ಗುವಂವ, ಸುತ್ತುವಂವ '''पथ्य''' -- prescribed diet, medically prescribed or salubrious diet -- ಪಥ್ಯ '''पद''' -- post, office, rank -- ಅಧಿಕಾರ, ಸ್ಥಾನ '''पदक''' -- medal, badge -- ಪದಕ '''पदचिन्ह''' -- footprint, footmark, trail -- ನಡಂದ ಮೊಟ್ಟ್, ಮೊಟ್ಟ್‌ರ ಗುರ್‌ತ್ '''पदच्युति''' -- dismissal, degraded -- ಸ್ಥಾನ ಕಳಂದವ '''पदतल''' -- sole, solitary, individual -- ಅಂಗಾಲ್ '''पदत्याग''' -- relinquishment, surrender, to give up -- ಸ್ಥಾನ ಬುಡುವ '''पदत्राण''' -- shoe, footwear -- ಕಾಮೊಟ್ಟ್ '''पदधारी''' -- office bearer -- ಅಧಿಕಾರ ತುಳ್ಳಂವ '''पदनाम''' -- designation, nomination, appointment -- ಅಧಿಕಾರ ಸ್ಥಾನ '''पदपूरण''' -- filling in blanks -- ಖಾಲಿಜಾಗ ದುಂಬ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''पदबंध''' -- phase -- ಮೊಟ್ಟ್ '''पदार्थ''' -- material, essential, vital -- ವಸ್ತು, ಅವಶ್ಯ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''पदावधि''' -- tenure, regime -- ನಿರ್ಕ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ ಸಮಯ (ಅವಧಿ) '''पदासीन''' -- occupying office -- ಅಧಿಕಾರ ಪುಡಿಪ '''पदाहत''' -- kicked -- ಚೌಟಿ ದವುತ್‌ನ '''पदोड़ा''' -- timid, cowardly -- ಪೋಡಿತೂರಿ, ಬೊತ್ತುವಂವ '''पदोन्नत''' -- promoted, upliftment -- ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್‌ನ, ಅಧಿಕಾರತ್ ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ಬಂದ '''पद्धति''' -- system, method, custom -- ಪದ್ಧತಿ, ನಡಪ್ '''पधारना''' -- please come in sir -- ಬಳ್‌ಕ್ ಬಾರಿ '''पनपना''' -- to grow, to flourish, thrive -- ಬೊಳಿವ, ಮೋಳ್ ಕೇರ್‌ವ '''पनाह''' -- shelter, accommodation, residence -- ನೆಲೆ, ನಿಪ್ಪಕ್ ನೆಲೆ '''पन्द्रह''' -- fifteen -- ಪದ್‌ನಂಜಿ '''पन्ना''' -- emerald, leaf of book -- ಪಚ್ಚೆಕಲ್ಲ್, ಪುಸ್ತಕತ್‌ರ ಪಾಳೆ '''पंप''' -- pump, a kind of shoe -- ಮಳೆಕ್‌ಡುವ ಶೂ '''पपड़ी''' -- crust, scab -- ತೋಲ್, ಭೂಮಿರ ಪದರ್ '''पपीता''' -- papaya fruit -- ಪಪ್ಪಂಗಾಯಿ '''पयस''' -- milk -- ಪಾಲ್ '''पयोधर''' -- cloud -- ಮೋಡ '''पयोधि''' -- ocean, sea -- ಕಡ, ಸಮುದ್ರ '''पर''' -- other, not one’s own -- ಬೋರೆ, ಸ್ವಂತ ಅಲ್ಲತದ್ '''परकीय''' -- belonging or pertaining to someone else -- ಪರಜನಡ '''परखना''' -- to test, examine -- ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''परगन्ना''' -- a unit of several villages -- ದುಂಬಾ ಗ್ರಾಮತ್‌ರ ಓರ್ ಭಾಗ (ನಾಡ್) '''परगमन''' -- adultery, contaminated, polluted -- ಬೆರಕೆ, ಮೇಕುವ '''परचाना''' -- to get thick, to get to know well, to get habituated -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ಅರ್ಂಜವ '''परची''' -- slip, chit, voucher -- ಚೀಟಿ, ಚೂರ್ '''परछाँर्इं''' -- shadow, dark figure, shades -- ನಳ '''परजन्म''' -- next birth -- ಮಿಂಞತ ಪುಟ್ಟ್ '''परत''' -- layer -- ಪದರ್, ಪಾಳೆ, ಚೋಡಿ '''परतंत्र''' -- dependent -- ಪರಾವಲಂಬಿ, ಇಂಞೊಬ್ಬನ ನಂಬಿತುಳ್ಳಂವ '''परतना''' -- to come back -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪ '''परदानशीन''' -- stay at home, one who observes paradah -- ಮನೆಲ್ ಇಪ್ಪ, ಮೂಡ್‌ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯಂಡಿಪ್ಪ '''परदेश''' -- foreign country -- ಪೊರದೇಶ '''परदेशी''' -- belonging to foreign country -- ಪೊರದೇಶಕ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ನಂವ '''परनानी''' -- maternal great grand mother -- ಅವ್ವಂಡ ತಾಯಿ '''परंपद''' -- heaven, salvation -- ಸ್ವರ್ಗ '''परंपर''' -- sequence, in order -- ಒಂದಾಂಡ ಬಯ್ಯ ಒಂದ್, ಪರಂಪರೆ '''परंपरा''' -- tradition, custom, practice -- ನಡ್‌ಪ್, ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ, ಪದ್ಧತಿ ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ '''परपोता''' -- great grandson -- (ಮರಿಮಗ) ಕ್‌‌ಕ್ಕ್‌ರ್‌ಮಕ್ಕ, ಮರ್‌ಮಕ್ಕ '''परमानंद''' -- bliss, blessed -- ದುಂಬಾ ಕುಶಿ, ಸಂತೋಷ '''परमार्थ''' -- ultimate end, the highest good, salvation -- ಆಖೀರಿ, ಅವಸಾನ '''परमार्थवादी''' -- one who believes in the philosophy of ultimate god -- ದೇವಳ ನಂಬ್‌ನಂವ '''परमिट''' -- permit -- ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ '''परमेश्वर''' -- one supreme being, god, the almighty -- ದೇವ, ತಲೆಬಲ್ಯ ತಮ್ರಾನ್ '''परम्परानिष्ट''' -- orthodox -- ಮಡಿವಂತ '''परम्परावादी''' -- traditional orthodox, habit, usage -- ಪಂಡಿಂಜೇ ಬಂದಾನ ನಂಬುವಂವ '''परराष्ट्र''' -- foreign country, outside, other nation -- ಪೊರದೇಶ '''परला''' -- of the other side -- ಆಬರಿ, ಇಂಞೋರ್ ಬರಿ '''परलोक''' -- other world -- ಪರಲೋಕ '''परवरिस''' -- maintenance, nurture, to hold -- ನಡ್‌ತಿಯ ಬಪ್ಪ, ಚಾಕಿಯ ಬಪ್ಪ '''परवर्ती''' -- latter, subsequent, afterward -- ಅದಾನ ಪಿಂಞ, ಕೈಂಜ ಪಿಂಞ '''परवल''' -- indian green vegetable -- ಪಚ್ಚೆ ತರಕಾರಿ '''परवश''' -- something else for aid, dependent, support -- ಇಂಞೊಬ್ಬನ ನಂಬ್‌ನಂವ '''परवान''' -- limit, boundary, confine -- ತೆರಿ, ತೆರಿರೊಳ್‌ಲ್ ಅಡ್ಂಗ್‌ನ '''परसना''' -- to serve food -- ಕೂಳ್ ಬಳಂಬುವ '''परसों''' -- day after tomorrow -- ಮತ್ಯಾಂದ್ '''परस्पर''' -- mutually, reciprocal, mutual -- ಅಪ್ಪರಿಪ್ಪರ '''परस्परता''' -- mutually, reciprocal, exchange -- ಅಪ್ಪರಿಪ್ಪರ, ಬದಲಾಕಿಯವ '''परहित''' -- benevolence, good will, benefaction -- ನಲ್ಲಗುಣ '''परहेज''' -- teetotalism, abstinence, sobriety -- ಕಳ್ಳ್‌ಕುಡಿಕತ '''पराकाष्टा''' -- climax, apogee, apex -- ಉಟ್ಟಿಕ್, ಕೊಡಿಕ್ '''पराक्रम''' -- valour, courage, gallantry -- ತಾಕತ್ತ್, ಧೈರ್ಯ '''पराग''' -- pollen -- ಪೂವುರ ಬಂಡ್ (ಮಕರಂದ) '''पराजय''' -- defeat, rout, overthrow -- ಚೋಪ ಸೋಲ್ '''परात''' -- large metal dish -- ಬಲ್ಯ ತಗಡ್‌ರ ಬಟ್ಲ, ಬಲ್ಯ ತರತ್‌ರ ತಟ್ಟೆ '''पराधीन''' -- under subjection, subservient -- ಪರಾಧೀನ, ಇಂಞೊಬ್ಬಂಡ ಕೈಕ್ ಪೋನದ್ '''परान्न''' -- food provided by others -- ಬೋರೆ ಆಯಿಂಗ ತಪ್ಪಕೂಳ್ '''परामर्श''' -- consultation fee, discussion, deliberation -- ಕೇಟಂವ, ಚರ್ಚೆ '''पराया''' -- someone else’s, others -- ಇಂಞೊಬ್ಬಂಡ '''परार्थ''' -- benevolence, act of kindness, a gift -- ನಲ್ಲಗುಣ, ನಲ್ಲರಿಮೆ '''परावर्तन''' -- reflection, retreat, deliberation -- ಪರಾವರ್ತನೆ, ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬ '''पराश्रय''' -- subordination, support, dependence -- ಅಡಿಯಾಳಾಯಿತ್ ಇಪ್ಪ '''परास''' -- range, reach, compass -- ಸಾಲ್, ಮಿತಿ ಒಪ್ಪ ಆಯಿತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''परिकथा''' -- narrative, chronicle, tale -- ವಿವರಣೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ ಕಥೆ '''परिकर्म''' -- mental constitution, make up, facial cosmetics -- ಮನಸ್‌ರ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''परिकलन''' -- calculation, computation -- ಅಳತೆ ಮಾಡುವ, ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಇಡುವ '''परिकल्पना''' -- prescription, fabrication, a hypothesis -- ನಿಯಮ, ಮದ್ದ್‌ಚೀಟಿ '''परिकल्पित''' -- careful planning, presumed, calculated -- ಎಚ್ಚರತ್‌ರ ಕಾರ್ಬಾರ್, ಊಹನೆ '''परिक्रमण''' -- revolution, cycle, going around -- ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ, ಸುತ್ತ್‌ತಿರುವ '''परिक्रमा''' -- round, revolution, going round -- ಸುತ್ತಾಡುವ, ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ '''परिखा''' -- moat, a deep, wide, ditch -- ಆಳ, ಅಗಲ, ಕಡಂಗ್ '''परिगणन''' -- careful planning, calculation, computation -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಇಟ್ಟಿತ್ ಕಾರ್ಬಾರ್ '''परिचय''' -- preface, introduction, foreword -- ಪೀಠಿಕೆ, ಪರಿಚಯ '''परिचय पत्र''' -- letter of introduction -- ಪರಿಚಯತ್‌ರ ಕಾಗದ '''परिचर''' -- attendant, escort, companion -- ನೋಟಿಯವಂವ, ಕೂಟ್‌ಕಾರ '''परिचर्या''' -- service, nursing, attendance -- ಸೇವೆ, ಆರೈಕೆ '''परिचायक''' -- indicative, one who makes an introduction to a person -- ಪರಿಚಯ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''परिचालक''' -- driver, operating, conductor -- ಡ್ರೈವರ್, ನಡ್‌ತುವಂವ '''परिचित''' -- acquainted, introduced, familiar -- ಪರಿಚಯ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ, ಗೊತ್ತುಳ್ಳಂವ '''परिच्छेद''' -- chapter, section, division -- ಓರ್ ಭಾಗ, ಅಧ್ಯಾಯ '''परिणत''' -- to change in to another substance, transformed, to change in form -- ಬದಲಾಕುವಂವ '''परिणति''' -- transformation, process of transforming -- ಬದಲಾವಣೆ '''परिणय''' -- marriage, wedding -- ಮಂಗಲ '''परिणाम''' -- consequence, issue, outcome -- ಫಲ, ಪರಿಣಾಮ '''परितप्त''' -- heated, passionate, fierce -- ಚೆಡಿಕಾರುವ, ಬೊತ್ತ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''परिताप''' -- heated, impassioned -- ಚೆಡ್ಂಜವ, ಬೊತ್ತಿಯವ '''परितुष्ट''' -- satisfied, convinced -- ತೃಪ್ತಿ, ಒತ್ತಂಡದ್ '''परितोष''' -- pleasure, satisfaction, comfort -- ಕುಶಿ, ತೃಪ್ತಿ '''परित्याग''' -- surrender, abandoning, relinquish -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಬುಟ್ಟಿತ್, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಬುಟ್ಟದ್ '''परित्राण''' -- deliverance, liberation, salvation -- ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡೆ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ '''परिंदा''' -- bird -- ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''परिदृश्य''' -- a visible scene, perspective, existing space before the eye -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಕ್ ಕಾಂಬದ್, ಅನುಭವಕ್ ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟುವದ್ '''परिधि''' -- periphery, circuit, circumference -- ಸುತ್ತಳತೆ '''परिनिष्ठत''' -- standard, gauge, pattern -- ಗುಣಮಟ್ಟ, ಅಳತೆ '''परिपक्व''' -- ripe, mature, grown -- ಪಣ್ಣಾನದ್, ಬೊಳಂದದ್, ಅನುಭವ ಪಡಂದದ್. '''परिपत्र''' -- circular, administrative form, notice -- ಸುತ್ತೋಲೆ, ಸೂಚನೆ '''परिपाक''' -- assimilation, condition, process -- ಸರಿಸಮ ಮಾಡುವ, ಒರೇ ತರತ್‌ರಾನ ಆಂಜಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''परिपाटी''' -- tradition, custom, practice -- ನಡ್‌ಪ್, ಪದ್ಧತಿ, ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ '''परिपुष्ट''' -- satisfactory manner, well built, good construction -- ತೃಪ್ತಿಕರ, ಸೆರಿಕ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''परिपूरक''' -- supplementary -- ಸೆರಿತೂಂಗುವಂತದ್, ಬದಲ್‌ಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''परिपूर्ण''' -- replete, sated, glutted -- ದುಂಬ್‌ನ, ಸೆರಿಕ್ ದುಂಬ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟ '''परिपृच्छा''' -- enquiry -- ವಿಚಾರಣೆ '''परिप्रेक्षय''' -- perspective, a visible scene -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಕ್ ಕಾಂಬದ್, ಅನುಭವಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪದ್ '''परिप्रेषक''' -- dispatcher, sender -- ಅಯಿಪಂವ '''परिभाषा''' -- sense, definition, meaning -- ಅರ್ಥ '''परिभोग''' -- an easing, ease, relief -- ಸುಲಭ ಮಾಡಿಯವ, ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ '''परिभ्रमण''' -- recurring successively, rotation, revolving -- ಸುತ್ತುತಿರಿಬಪ್ಪ '''परिमंडल''' -- globe, earth, sphere -- ಗೋಳ, ಭೂಮಿ '''परिमल''' -- fragrance, perfume, scent -- ಗಮನ '''परिमाण''' -- measure, quantity, specified amount -- ಅಳತೆ '''परियोजना''' -- proposal, project, scheme -- ಸೂಚನೆ, ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪ, ಯೋಜನೆ '''परिरक्षण''' -- custody, keeping, safe -- ಕೂಟಿಬೆಪ್ಪ '''परिवर्तन''' -- change, transmute, transform -- ಬದಲಾವಣೆ '''परिवर्धन''' -- enlargement, expansion, growth -- ಬಲ್ಯದಾಕುವ, ಬೊಳಚೆ '''परिवहन''' -- conveyance, to carry, transport -- ಸಾಗಾಟ, ಸಾಗ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''परिवाद''' -- complaint, abuse, reproach-censure -- ಪುಕಾರ್, ಬಯ್ಯುವ '''परिवार''' -- family, parents and their children, couple collectively -- ಸಂಸಾರ '''परिवेश''' -- environment, surroundings, ambience -- ಪರಿಸರ, ಸುತ್ತುಮುತ್ತು '''परिव्यय''' -- cost, charge, expense -- ಕ್ರಯ, ಬೆಲೆ '''परिशिष्ट''' -- appendix, supplement, addendum -- ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಕೂಟಿಯಂಡದ್ '''परिशीलन''' -- critical study -- ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ, ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ '''परिशुद्ध''' -- accurate, precise, explicit -- ಸೆರಿಯಾನದ್ '''परिश्रम''' -- labour, industry, hardwork -- ನೈಪು, ಕಷ್ಟತ್‌ರ ಪಣಿ '''परिश्रमिक''' -- remuneration, pay, desert -- ಸಂಬಳ, ಸಂಭಾವನೆ '''परिषद''' -- counsel, solicitor, lawyer -- ಸಲಹೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪಂವ, ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪಂವ '''परिषद''' -- councillor, senator -- ಆಲೋಚನಾ ಸಭೆರ ಸದಸ್ಯ '''परिष्कार''' -- clean, initiation, cleenness, embellishment -- ಮನಾರ '''परिष्कृत''' -- cleaned, purified, decorated, adorned -- ಮನಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಸೋಸ್‌ನದ್, ಅರ್‌ಚದ್ '''परिसज्जा''' -- embellishment, finishing touch, makeup -- ಚಿಂಗಾರ ಮಾಡುವ, ಅಲಂಕಾರ ಮಾಡುವ '''परिसमापन''' -- liquidation, ending, conclusion -- ಆಖೀರಿ ಮಾಡುವ '''परिसंवाद''' -- symposium, a conference for the discussion -- ಚರ್ಚಾಗೋಷ್ಠಿ '''परिसीमित''' -- limited, restricted, demarked -- ಮಿತಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''परिस्थिति''' -- circumstances -- ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''परिहार्य''' -- avoidable, clude, to keep away from -- ತಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವ, ದೂರಬೆಪ್ಪ '''परिहास''' -- joke, sally, quip -- ತಮಾಶಿ, ಐಲಾಟ (ಐಲಾಟ) '''परीक्षक''' -- examines, search, probe -- ತೇಡುವ, ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''परीक्षा''' -- examination, observation, inspection -- ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ, ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ '''परुष''' -- hard, inflexible, rigid -- ಕಠಿಣತ್‌ರ, ಬದಲಾಗತಂತದ್ '''परेड़''' -- parade, flourish -- ಎಲಂಗ್‌ಚಿಡ್, ಮೆರವಣಿಗೆ '''परेशान''' -- distressed, harasses, damage -- ಸಂಗಟ ಪಡುವದ್, ಬೇಜಾರ ಮುರ್ಂಜದ್ '''परोक्ष''' -- indirect, incidental, secondary -- ನೇರೆ ನೇರೆ ಅಲ್ಲತದ್, ಪರೋಕ್ಷ ಆನದ್ '''परोपकारी''' -- munificent, bountiful, generous -- ಪರೋಪಕಾರಿ, ಬೋರೆಯಿಂಗಕ್ ಉಪಕಾರ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''परोपजीवी''' -- parasite, sycophant, toady -- ಇಂಞೊಬ್ಬನ ನಂಬಿತುಳ್ಳಂವ (ಪರಾವಲಂಬಿ) '''परोसना''' -- to serve, attend, help -- ಸೇವೆ ಮಾಡುವ, ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡುವ '''पर्चा''' -- slip, slither, blunder -- ತಪ್ಪಿನಡಪ, ಜಾರುವ '''पर्यटक''' -- traveller, tourist, passenger -- ಸುತ್ತಿ ನಡಪಂವ, ತಿರ್‌ಗ್‌ಲಾಂಡಿ '''पर्यवलोकन''' -- survey, official examination of land particulars -- ಭೂಮಿನ ಅಳತೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''पर्यवेक्षक''' -- supervisor, administrative incharge -- ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಕ '''पर्याप्त''' -- enough, adequate, sufficient -- ಅವಶ್ಯ ಉಳ್ಳಚ್ಚಕ್, ಬೋಂಡಿಯಚ್ಚಕ್ '''पर्व''' -- festival, revelry, religious functions -- ನಮ್ಮೆ '''पर्वत''' -- mountain -- ಕುಂದ್ '''पलक''' -- eye lid -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ರೆಪ್ಪೆ '''पलंग''' -- cot -- ಕಟ್ಟ್ '''पलंगपोश''' -- bed sheet, blanket, overlay -- ಕಡಿಕೆ ಬಿರಿಪ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಕಂಬಳಿ, ಪೊದಪ್ '''पलटन''' -- platoon, a force, physical power -- ಸೈನಿಕಂಗಡ ಗುಂಪ್ '''पलटना''' -- to turn about or over, to turn upside, down -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್‌ತಿರುವ '''पलटा''' -- turn, rotate -- ತಿರುವ, ಉರ್ಂಡುವ '''पलस्तर''' -- plaster -- ಗಾಯಕ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟುವ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''पलायन''' -- absconding, decamp, bolt -- ಓಡಿ ಪೋಪ, ತಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟವ '''पलायमान''' -- escaping, on the run -- ಒಳ್‌ಚಿ ತಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟವ, ಓಡಿ ಪೋಪ '''पलीद''' -- unchaste, sinful, unclean -- ಪಾಪತ್‌ರ, ಚಾಯಿಲ್ಲತದ್ '''पलेट''' -- plate -- ತಳಿಯ '''पल्ला''' -- veil, purdah, disguise -- ಮುಸ್‌ಕ್ '''पल्लेदार''' -- labourer -- ಪಣಿಕಾರ '''पवन''' -- wind -- ಗಾಳಿ, ಕಾತ್ '''पवित्र''' -- holy, sacred, blessed -- ಪವಿತ್ರ '''पशु''' -- beast, animal, brute -- ಪ್ರಾಣಿ '''पशुचिकित्सक''' -- veterinary doctor -- ಪ್ರಾಣಿಯಡ ಡಾಕ್ಟರ್ '''पशुजगत''' -- animal world -- ಪ್ರಾಣಿ ಪ್ರಪಂಚ '''पशुधन''' -- livestock -- ಜೀವರಾಶಿಯ, ಅತ್ತ ಕಡ್‌ಚಿಯ '''पशुपति''' -- Lord Shiva -- ಶಿವ, ಈಶ್ವರ '''पशुपालन''' -- animal husbandry -- ಅತ್ತಕಡ್‌ಚಿ ಚಾಕುವ '''पश्च''' -- back, posterior -- ಬೆಂಬರಿ, ಬಯ್ಯಬರಿ '''पश्चगमन''' -- retrogression, retreat, revert -- ಬಯ್ಯಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ಪೋಪ, ಪಾಳಾಯಂಡ್ ಬಪ್ಪ '''पश्चलेख''' -- post script -- ಕಾಗದ ಪತ್ರತ್‌ರ ಆಖೀರಿಕ್ ಕೂಟಯಾಂಡದ್, ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಕೂಟಿಯಂಡದ್ '''पश्चाताप''' -- to feel sorry, repentance, regret -- ಬಯ್ಯ ಬೇಜಾರ ಪಟ್ಟವ '''पश्चिम''' -- west -- ಪಡಿಂಞಾರ್ '''पसंद''' -- liking, taste, pleasure -- ಚಾಯಿ '''पंसारी''' -- grocer -- ಅಂಗಡಿಕಾರ '''पसिंजर''' -- passenger -- ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಕ '''पसीना''' -- sweating, perspiration, a result of strenuous, work or effort -- ಬೆವರ್, ಬೆವರುವ '''पहचनवाना''' -- to cause to recognize, to cause to be aquainted -- ಪತ್ತೆ ಮಾಡುವ, ಪರಿಚಯ ಮಾಡುವ '''पहचान''' -- to acknowledge as one’s own, identification, to perceive as existing or true -- ಪತ್ತೆ ಮಾಡುವ, ಗುರ್‌ತ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''पहनना''' -- to put on, to wear -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಇಡುವ '''पहर''' -- one-eight part of a day -- ದಿನತ್‌ರ ಎಟ್ಟನೆ ಓರ್‌ಭಾಗ '''पहरा''' -- security, guard, watch -- ಪಾರಗಾರ '''पहलू''' -- aspect, direction, fold -- ನೋಟ '''पहले''' -- first, in the beginning -- ಸುರುವತ್‌ರ '''पहाड़''' -- hill, mountain -- ಕುಂದ್ '''पहाड़ा''' -- a multiplication table -- ಮಗ್ಗಿ '''पहुँच''' -- reach, access, attain -- ಎತ್ತುವ '''पहुँचा''' -- the wrist, joint or articulation between the forearm and the hand -- ಮಣಿಕೆಟ್ಟ್ '''पहुँचाना''' -- to cause to be convened, to convey, to transmit -- ಎತ್ತ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''पहुनाई''' -- guest ship -- ಬೆಂದೂರ್ತ '''पहेली''' -- a riddle, puzzle, co nfound -- ಒಡಪಗಾದೆ, ಒಡಪಪಡಿಮ '''पाइप''' -- pipe -- ನಾಳ '''पाऊंड''' -- pound, sterling pound -- ಓರ್ ಪೌಂಡ್ ತೂಕ '''पाऊडर''' -- powder -- ಪೊಡಿ '''पाक''' -- holy, sacred, pure, clean -- ಪವಿತ್ರ '''पाकिट''' -- a pocket -- ಜೋಬು '''पाक्षपातिक''' -- partition, partial, imperfect -- ಭಿನ್ನ ಭೇದ ಕಾಟುವ '''पाक्षिक''' -- fortnightly -- ಪದ್‌ನಂಜಿದಿನತ್‌ರ (ದಂಡಾಚೆರ) '''पाखंड''' -- hypocrisy, guile, dissimulation -- ಕೆಣಿಯ, ಚದಿಯ '''पाखाना''' -- latrine -- ಕಕ್ಕೂಸ್ '''पागना''' -- to dip or boil in sugar-syrup -- ಸಕ್ಕರೆ ಪಾಕಕ್ ಮುಕ್ಕ್‌ವ, ಕೊದ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''पागल''' -- mad, insane, mentally disturbed -- ಪುಚ್ಚ, ಮಂಡೆಸೆರಿಇಲ್ಲತಂವ ಪಿರಾಂದ '''पाँच''' -- five -- ಅಂಜಿ '''पाचक''' -- digestive -- ಜೀರ್ಣ ಆಪದ್, ಅರಗಣೆ ಆಪದ್ '''पाजी''' -- wicked, godless, impious -- ಕೆಟ್ಟಂವ '''पाट''' -- jute, span, width -- ಗೋಣಿನಾರ್ '''पाटन''' -- city, roof, building roofing -- ನಗರ '''पाटना''' -- to dump, to fill, to heap, to pile up -- ದುಂಬ್‌ಚಿಡುವ, ತೊರಿವ '''पाटल''' -- rose, a typical colour of tree, a rose flower colour -- ಗುಲಾಬಿ, ಗುಲಾಬಿ ಪೂವುರ ರಂಗ್ '''पाटी''' -- the longer beam of a bed, slate alphabet -- ಸ್ಲೇಟ್ '''पाठ''' -- lesson, text, study, reading -- ಪಾಠ ಓದುವ '''पाठशाला''' -- school, the place where we study -- ಸ್ಕೂಲ್ ಎಳ್ತ್‌ಪಡಿಪ ಜಾಗ '''पाठांतार''' -- different version, variant text, variation of text -- ಬದಲಾವಣೆ '''पाठ्य''' -- readable, worth reading, pertaining to a text, lesson -- ಓದುವನ್ನತದ್, ಪಾಠ '''पाठ्यक्रम''' -- curriculum, syllabus, course -- ಪಠ್ಯಕ್ರಮ '''पांडु''' -- yellow -- ಮಂಜ (ಕಲರ್) '''पांडुलिपि''' -- a manuscript -- ಕೈ ಎಳ್ತ್ '''पाणि''' -- hand, a part, performance of a mazadoor -- ಕೈ, ತಡಿರ ಓರ್‌ಭಾಗ '''पाँत''' -- a row -- ಸಾಲ್ '''पातक''' -- a sin, misdeed, committing wrong -- ಪಾಪ, ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಕೆಲಸ '''पातगोभी''' -- cabbage, name of the vegetable -- ತರಕಾರಿರ ಪೆದ ಮುಟ್ಟೆಗೋಸ್ '''पाती''' -- leaf, a letter, plant -- ಎಲಕಂಡ, ಕಾಗದತ್‌ರ ಪಾಳೆ, ತೊಪ್ಪು. '''पात्र''' -- utensil, pot, vessel, character -- ಪಾತ್ರೆ, ಕುಡಿಕೆ '''पात्रसूची''' -- list of characters, name of the characters -- ಪಾತ್ರ ಪರಿಚಯತ್ ರ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''पाद''' -- foot, leg, wind expelled downward -- ಕಾಲ್, ಕಾಲ್‌ರ ಅಡಿ, ಪಾದ. '''पादपूरण''' -- a missing line of a poem -- ಪದ್ಯತ್‌ರ ಕಾಣತ ಸಾಲ್ '''पादरी''' -- Christian priest, a clergy man, a missionary -- ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತಂಗಡ ಪೂಜಾರಿ '''पादाग्र''' -- the front of the foot -- ಪಾದತ್‌ರ ಮಿಂಞಬರಿ '''पादाघात''' -- kick, disturbance of a stanza, lack of feeling, in a stanza, currency of coin -- ಚೌಟ್, ಪದ್ಯತ್‌ರ ಸಾಲ್‌ಕ್ ತೊಂದರೆ ಆನದ್. '''पादुका''' -- footwear, sandal -- ಕಾಮೊಟ್ಟ್, ಎಕ್ಕಡ '''पान''' -- betel, act of drinking -- ಕೊಡಿಯಲೆ, ಕುಡಿಪ '''पानगोष्ठी''' -- cocktail party -- ಕಕ್ಕುಡಿ (ಕಳ್ಳ್‌ಕುಡಿ) '''पानदान''' -- a box for keeping betel leaves -- ಕೊಡಿಯಲೆ ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ (ಎಲತಟ್ಟೆ) '''पाना''' -- to get, to obtain, to secure -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟುವ, ಪಡಂದವ '''पानी''' -- water, aqua, rain, liquid -- ನೀರ್ '''पानीदार''' -- lustrous, respectable, honorable -- ಮಿನ್ನುವದ್, ಗೌರವಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''पानेवाला''' -- recipient, a payee -- ಎಡ್‌ತಂಡಂವ, ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟ್‌ನಂವ '''पाप''' -- sin, mistake, fault -- ಪಾಪ, ತಪ್ಪ್ '''पापकर्म''' -- sinful deed, doing mistake -- ಪಾಪ ಕೆಲಸ, ತಪ್ಪ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''पापड़ी''' -- a salted cake, a kind of sweet, sanpapari -- ಉಪ್ಪ್‌ಕೇಕ್ ಓರ್ ಮೊದ್‌ರತ್?ರ ಪಪ್ಪಡ. '''पापाचार''' -- sinful conduct, bad character -- ಕೆಟ್ಟನಡತೆ, ಕೆಟ್ಟಚಾಲ್ '''पापी''' -- sinning, sinful -- ಪಾಪಿ '''पाबंद''' -- bound, tied, restriction -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್ '''पामर''' -- mean, wicked, godless -- ಕೆಟ್ಟಂವ (ಪಾಮರ) '''पामा''' -- eczema, skin disease -- ಪುಳುಕಡಿ '''पामाल''' -- trampled, trodden -- ಕಾಲ್‌ರಡಿಕ್ ಕೆಣ್ಂಜದ್, ಚೌಟಿಪೋನದ್ '''पायताबा''' -- a thin leather cut piece inserted into the shoe etc -- ಶೂಕ್ ಇಡ್‌ವ ತಳ್ಳನೆ ತೋಲ್ '''पायदान''' -- a foot rest, foot board -- ಕಾಲ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚವದ್ '''पायदार''' -- durable, lasting, firm, strong -- ಬಾಚೆಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾನದ್ '''पाँयना''' -- footrest -- ಕಾಲ್‌ರ ಅಡಿಕ್‌ಡುವ ಪಲ್ಂಬ್ (ಕಾರ್ಪೆಟ್) '''पायल''' -- an ornament worn on the anklet -- ಕಾಲ್‌ಚೈನ್ ಗೆಜ್ಜೆ, ಕಾಚರ '''पायस''' -- a sweet milky dish, milk dish -- ಪಾಲ್‌ಲ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ ಮೊದ್‌ರ ತಿಂಡಿ (ಪಾಯಸ) '''पायी''' -- to receive, admit, to accept -- ಕೇಟವ, ಒತ್ತವ '''पार''' -- opposite bank or shore, road side, across -- ಪೊಳೆರಬರಿ, ಬಟ್ಟೆರ ಬರಿ '''पारखी''' -- connoisseur, one who can well appreciate merits, taster -- ಕಲೆಲ್ ದುಂಬಾ ಪಡ್‌ಚಂವ, ಗುಣತ್?ನ ಮೆಚ್ಚುವಂವ '''पारंगत''' -- well versed, expert, learned person -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ಅರ್ಂಜಂವ '''पारण''' -- the first meal taken after the fast, corridor -- ಪಟ್ಟಣಿ ಮಾತುವ '''पारद''' -- mercury, messenger of god -- ದೇವದೂತ '''पारदर्शक''' -- transparent, visible -- ಪಾರದರ್ಶಕ, ಕಾಂಬನ್ನತದ್ '''पारपत्र''' -- passport, official document, an authorization to pass -- ಪಾಸ್ ಪೋರ್ಟ್ '''पारभासक''' -- translucent -- ತೆಳ್ಂಗ್?ನ '''पारम्परिक''' -- traditional, traditionary, hereditary -- ಮಿಂಞಂಜ ನಡಂದ್ ಬಂದದ್ '''पारसल''' -- parcel -- ಅಯಿಪ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ (ಪಾರ್ಸೆಲ್) '''पारसा''' -- pious, devout, godly -- ದೇವಭಕ್ತಿ ಉಳ್ಳ '''पारसा''' -- chaste (woman), of moral purity -- ಪತಿವ್ರತೆ ಪವಿತ್ರ '''पारसाई''' -- piety, holiness, godliness -- ನಲ್ಲ ನಡತೆರ '''पारस्परिक''' -- mutual, reciprocal, relationship from each other -- ಅಪ್ಪರಿಪ್ಪರ ಬದಲಾಕಿಯವ '''पारायण''' -- thorough reading, reading a book from beginning to end -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ಓದುವ, ಪಾರಾಯಣ '''पारितोषिक''' -- prize, reward, remuneration -- ಇನಾಂ, ಸಂಭಾವನೆ '''पारिभाषिक''' -- technical, definitional, pertaining to definition -- ನೇರಾನದ್ ಸೆರಿಯಾನದ್ '''पारिवारिक''' -- pertaining to the family -- ಸಂಸಾರಕ್ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''पारिस्थिति''' -- ecology, situation, condition -- ಪರಿಸರಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ, ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿ. '''पारेन्द्रिय''' -- extra-sensual, extra ordinary, inordinate -- ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಅಲ್ಲತದ್ '''पारेषक''' -- transmitter -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಅಯಿಪ, ಸಂದೇಶತ್?ನ ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಅಯಿಪ ಉಪಕರಣ '''पारेषण''' -- transmission, broadcasting, information service -- ಪ್ರಸಾರ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''पार्क''' -- park -- ಪೂತೋಟ, ಪೂಬನ '''पार्टी''' -- party, group, association -- ಗುಂಪ್, ಕೂಟ '''पार्श्व''' -- side, flank, lesser -- ಓರ್‌ಬರಿ '''पार्श्वशीर्षक''' -- marginal heading -- ಕೊಡಿರ ಎಳ್ತ್ '''पाल''' -- one who maintains -- ನಡ್‌ತುವಂವ '''पालक''' -- guardian, protector, defender -- ನೋಟಿಯವಂವ, ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''पालकी''' -- sedan chain -- ಪಾಲಕಿ, ಪಲ್ಲಕಿ '''पालतू''' -- domestic, tamed, tame -- ಚಾಕುವದ್, ಪಳಗ್‌ನದ್. '''पालन''' -- maintaining, holding, sustain -- ನಡ್‌ತುವದ್ '''पाला''' -- frost, froze, coolness -- ತಣ್ಂಜದ್ '''पाला-पोसा''' -- brought-up -- ಚಾಕುವ '''पालाट''' -- adopted son -- ಚಾಕ್ ಮೋಂವ '''पालिश''' -- polish -- ಪಾಲೀಸ್ '''पाली''' -- turn -- ತಿರು '''पाँव''' -- foot, steadiness, basis -- ಪಾದ '''पावक''' -- fire, goad, exhort -- ತಿತ್ತ್, ಮೊನೆಯುಳ್ಳಕೋಲ್ '''पावती''' -- receipt, to acknowledge, a written acknowledgement -- ರಶೀತಿ '''पावदान''' -- foot board -- ಕಾಲ್‌ಬೆಪ್ಪ ಪಾರ್ '''पावर''' -- power, energy, vigour -- ಶಕ್ತಿ '''पावरोटी''' -- load of bread -- ಗೋದ್‌ರೊಟ್ಟಿರ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ '''पावा''' -- leg of a chair -- ಕುರ್ಚಿರ ಕಾಲ್ '''पाश''' -- cord, chain, a ribbed fabric -- ಕೇರ್ '''पाशा''' -- a title of Muslim nobles -- ಮುಸಲ್ಮಾನಂಗಡ ಗುರುವಡ ಪೆದ '''पाषाण''' -- stone, the hard substance -- ಕಲ್ಲ್, ಗಟ್ಟಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''पाषाण ह्मदय''' -- stone hearted, harsh man, hard heart hearted fellow -- ಕಲ್ಲ್ ಮನುಷ್ಯ, ಕಲ್ಲ್ ಮನಸ್. '''पाषाणकाल''' -- stone age -- ಶಿಲಾಯುಗ, ಪಂಡೇತ '''पाषाणयुग''' -- stone age -- ಶಿಲಾಯುಗ, ಪಂಡೇತ '''पास''' -- near, close, short distance -- ಪಕ್ಕ '''पासंग''' -- difference between the weight of the two parts -- ದಂಡ್‌ಭಾಗತ್‌ರ ತೂಕತ್‌ರ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ. '''पिंगल''' -- prosody -- ಛಂದಸ್‌ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''पिघलाना''' -- to melt, to fuse, to flow -- ಕರುವ, ಅಲಿವ '''पिचकना''' -- to subside, decline, descend -- ಕಮ್ಮಿಯಾಪ '''पिछड़ा''' -- backward -- ಬಯ್ಯತುಳ್ಳ '''पिछड़ापन''' -- backwardness -- ಬಯ್ಯತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''पिछला''' -- back, hinder, hind, latter, rear -- ಬಯ್ಯತ '''पिंजर''' -- skeleton, sketch -- ಎಲ್ಂಬ್ ಗೂಡ್ '''पिंजर''' -- cage -- ಗೂಡ್ '''पिटना''' -- to be beaten -- ಪೊಯ್ಯುವಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''पिटपिटाना''' -- to grumble, to murmur, to utter low -- ಗೊಣಗುಟ್ಟುವ, ಗೊಣಗಿಯಂಡಿಪ್ಪ '''पिटाई''' -- thorough beating -- ನಲ್ಲೋಣೆ ಪೊಯ್ತ್ '''पिंड''' -- body, orb, globe -- ತಡಿ '''पिंडज''' -- born from the body -- ತಡಿಂಜ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್ '''पिंडदान''' -- offering -- ಕೈನೀಟಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''पिता''' -- father -- ಅಪ್ಪ '''पितामह''' -- grandfather -- ಅಜ್ಜ '''पितामही''' -- paternal grandmother -- ಅಪ್ಪಂಡ ಅವ್ವ (ತಾಯಿ) '''पितृतुल्य''' -- like a father -- ಅಪ್ಪಂಡನ್ನನೆ '''पितृदेश''' -- fatherland -- ಜನ್ಮಭೂಮಿ (ಅಪ್ಪಂಡ ದೇಶ) '''पितृपक्ष''' -- dark fortnight -- ಪಿತೃಪಕ್ಷ (ಕನ್ಯಾರ್ ತಿಂಗತ್‌ರ ಕೃಷ್ಣ ಪಕ್ಷ) ಕರ್ತಬಾವುರ ಎದ್‌ಪ್ '''पितृभक्त''' -- devoted to the father -- ಅಪ್ಪಂಡ ಮೇಲೆ ಭಕ್ತಿ '''पित्त''' -- bile, gall, impudence -- ಪಿತ್ತ, ಪಿತ್ತರಸ '''पित्ताशय''' -- gall bladder -- ಪಿತ್ತಕೋಶ, ಕೈಪೆ '''पिन''' -- pin -- ಪಿನ್ನ್ '''पिपरमेंट''' -- peppermint -- ಮಿಠಾಯಿ '''पिपासा''' -- thirst, craving -- ದಾವ, ಬಾಯಾರಿಕೆ '''पिय''' -- lover -- ಕೊದಿಕಾರ '''पियककड़''' -- drunkard, drinker -- ಕಳ್ಳ್ ಕುಡ್‌ಕ '''पिलना''' -- to be crashed in a crusher, to attack, to be pressed -- ಜಜ್ಜಿಪೋಪ (ಅರ್‌ಪ) '''पिलाई''' -- act or state of causing someone to drink -- ಕುಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿರುವ ನಟನೆ '''पिलाना''' -- to cause to drink -- ಕುಡಿಪಕ್ ನೆವನ '''पिल्ला''' -- puppy, pup, young dog -- ನಾಯಿಕುಟ್ಟಿ '''पिल्लू''' -- a worm -- ಪುಳು '''पिशाच''' -- devil -- ಕೂಳಿ, ಪೀಡೆ '''पिसना''' -- to be ground, powdered, to be trampled -- ಕಡಿಯೊ, ಅರ್‌ಪ, ಬೀಜುವ '''पिसान''' -- flour, grind -- ಪೊಡಿ '''पिस्तौल''' -- pistol, revolver, weapon -- ಪಿಸ್ತೂಲ್, ಚೆರಿಯ ತೋಕ್ '''पीच''' -- starch of rice -- ಅಕ್ಕಿ ಕಂಜಿ, ಕೂಳ್‌ಕಂಜಿ '''पीछा''' -- backside, to give chase, to follow, to pursue -- ಬಯ್ಯಂಜಿ ದವುತ್ '''पीछे''' -- after, afterwards -- ಪಿಂಞ '''पीठ''' -- back -- ಬಯ್ಯ, ಬೆಂಬರಿ '''पीड़क''' -- causing or inflicting pain, formentor -- ನೊಂಬಲ್‌ಚಿಡುವಂವ, ಕಷ್ಟಕೊಡ್‌ಪಂವ '''पीड़ित''' -- afflicted -- ನೊಂಬಲ ಪಟ್ಟಂವ '''पीढ़ा''' -- low stool -- ಪಲಿಯ, ಮುಕ್ಕಾಲಿ '''पीढ़ी''' -- generation -- ಕರಂದಲೆ, ತಲೆಮಾರ್ '''पीत''' -- yellow -- ಮಂಜರಂಗ್ '''पीतल''' -- brazen, of the colour of brass, yellow -- ಪಿಚ್ಚೋಳೆ ರಂಗ್ '''पीताम्बर''' -- yellow cloth -- ಮಂಜ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''पीताश्म''' -- topaz -- ವಜ್ರ, ಪುಷ್ಯರಾಗ್ '''पीना''' -- to drink -- ಕುಡಿ '''पीप''' -- pus, consisting of liquid plasma -- ಚಲ '''पीपल''' -- the peepul tree -- ಅರೆಯಾಲ್ ಮರ '''पीर''' -- aged, old, a muslim saint -- ತೊಂಡ, ಮುದ್‌ಕ, ಬಯತಾನಂವ, ಮುಸ್ಲಿಂ ಮುಕ್ರಿ. '''पीला''' -- yellow -- ಮಂಜರಂಗ್‌ರ '''पीलापन''' -- yellowness -- ಮಂಜ ಪುಡ್‌ಚದ್ '''पीलिया''' -- jaundice -- ಮಂಜ ಕಾಮಲೆ '''पीलीचिट्टी''' -- auspicious letter -- ಶುಭವಾರ್ತೆ, ನಲ್ಲ ವರ್ತಮಾನತ್‌ರ ಕಾಗದ '''पीसना''' -- to grind, to make flour -- ಬೀಜುವ, ಪೊಡಿಮಾಡುವ '''पुकार''' -- call -- ಕಾಕುವ '''पुखराज''' -- topaz -- ವಜ್ರ, ಪುಷ್ಯರಾಗ '''पुगना''' -- to be completed -- ತ್ ಪದ್ (ಪಣಿ ತ್ಪ) '''पुंगीफल''' -- betel nut -- ಅಡಿಕೆ '''पुचकार''' -- coddling -- ಅಡಿಗೆಕ್ ಬಳಸುವ ಓರ್‌ತರ ಸೇಬು ಕೊದಿಲ್‌ಚಾಕುವ '''पुच्छ''' -- tail, rear -- ಬಾಲ್ '''पुँछ''' -- tail -- ಬಾಲ್ '''पुछल्ला''' -- long tail -- ಉದ್ದ ಬಾಲ್ '''पुजाई''' -- act of worship -- ಪೂಜೆ '''पुजारी''' -- priest -- ಪೂಜೆಕಾರ, ಶಾಂತಿಗಾರ '''पुंजित''' -- collected -- ಕೂಟಿ ಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''पुंजीभूत''' -- accumulated, growth by continuous additions -- ಕೂಟಿ ಅಡಕಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''पुटाश''' -- potash -- ಪೊಟೇಶ್ '''पुट्ठा''' -- hip, buttock -- ಚಣ್ಣೆ '''पुंडरीक''' -- lotus, white lotus, a lion, a white elephant -- ತಾವರೆ ಪೂ ಬೊಳ್ತತಾವರೆ '''पुड़िया''' -- small paper packet -- ಪೇಪರ್ ತುರ್‌ಟ್ '''पुण्य''' -- holiness -- ಪುಣ್ಯ '''पुण्यक्षेत्र''' -- holy place -- ಪುಣ್ಯ ಸ್ಥಳ '''पुतली''' -- puppet, pupil of the eye -- ಪುತ್ತಳಿಗೊಂಬೆ, ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ರ ಆಲಿ '''पुताई''' -- act of white washing, painting -- ವಯಕುವ, ರಂಗ್‌ಡುವ '''पुत्रवधू''' -- daughter-in-law -- ಮೈಮ '''पुत्री''' -- daughter, a female child -- ಮೋವ '''पुनः''' -- again, once more, another time -- ಆದ್ಯ, ಅಕ್ಕಕ್ಕ, ಪುನ. '''पुनरपि''' -- again and again -- ಅಕ್ಕಕ್ಕ, ಮಾಣೆ ಮಾಣೆ, ಗಡಿ ಗಡಿ. '''पुनरवलोकन''' -- revision, correction, alteration -- ಆದ್ಯ ನೋಟುವ, ಸೆರಿಪಡತುವ '''पुनरागमन''' -- coming again -- ಆದ್ಯ ಬಪ್ಪ, ಪುನಬಪ್ಪ. '''पुनरारंभ''' -- resumption, previously granted, act of resuming -- ಆದ್ಯ ಸುರುಮಾಡುವ '''पुनरावृत्ति''' -- repeated action, repetition, replica -- ಅಕ್ಕಕ್ಕ ಮಾಡುವ, ಪುನರಾವರ್ತನೆ '''पुनरीक्षण''' -- review, evaluate, to inspect -- ಪುನ ನೋಟುವ, ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ, ಬೆಲೆ ಕೆಟ್ಟುವ '''पुनरीक्षित''' -- reviewed, evaluated, inspected -- ಪುನರ್ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''पुनरुत्पादक''' -- reproduce, generate, propagate -- ಪುನರುತ್ಪತ್ತಿ ಮಾಡ್ '''पुनरुद्धार''' -- renovation, revive, repair -- ಪುದಿಯದಾಕ್‌ನದ್ '''पुनर्गठन''' -- re-organization, re-establishment, re-foundation -- ಪುನಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್, ಆದ್ಯಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ '''पुनर्जनम''' -- rebirth, revival, renaissance -- ಪುನರ್ಜಕ್ರ, ಆದ್ಯ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್. '''पुनर्निमाण''' -- reconstruction, rebuild, make over -- ಪುನ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್ '''पुनर्परीक्षण''' -- re-examination, to examine again -- ಪುನ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ '''पुनर्वास''' -- rehabilitation, providing shelter, arranging accommodation -- ಪುನವಾಸತಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''पुनर्विचार''' -- reconsideration, revision, alteration -- ಪುನ ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವದ್ '''पुनर्विवाह''' -- remarriage -- ಪುನ ಮಂಗಲ, ಆದ್ಯ ಮಂಗಲ '''पुनःविभाजन''' -- separation, divides, alienate -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡುವ, ಪಾಲ್‌ಡುವ. '''पुनीत''' -- holy, noble, honourable -- ಪವಿತ್ರ, ಪುಣ್ಯ ಪಟ್ಟ '''पुरंदर''' -- Indra (lord) -- ಇಂದ್ರ (ದೇವ) '''पुरस्कार''' -- reward, present, bonus -- ಬಟ್ಟ್, ಇನಾಂ '''पुराण''' -- ancient, antiquated, antique -- ಪಂಡೇತ, ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ '''पुराना''' -- old, ancient, aged -- ಪಳಿಯ, ಪಂಡೇತ '''पुल''' -- bridge, link, connect -- ಸೇತುವೆ, ಏಚಿಕೂಟ್ '''पुलकना''' -- to be thrilled -- ಕುಳ್‌ರ್ ಪೊರಿಏವ, ರೋಮ ನಿಗ್‌ರಿನಿಪ್ಪ. '''पुलिंग''' -- masculine -- ಪುಲ್ಲಿಂಗ, ಆಣ್ '''पुलिया''' -- culvert, vault, cross -- ಮೋರಿ '''पुष्टि''' -- confirmation, fix, validate -- ದೃಢಪಡತುವ '''पुष्प''' -- flower -- ಪೂವ್ '''पुस्तक''' -- book -- ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''पुस्तकालय''' -- library -- ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಭಂಡಾರ '''पुस्तकालयध्यक्ष''' -- librarian -- ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಭಂಡಾರತ್‌ರ ಎಚ್ಚರಬೆಚ್ಚವಂವ '''पुस्तिका''' -- booklet, prospectus, brief, literate -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''पूछ''' -- inquire, question, interrogate -- ವಿಚಾರಣೆ, ಕೇಟರಿವ '''पूछना''' -- to ask, to question, to entreat -- ಕೇಪ '''पूजक''' -- worshipper -- ಪೂಜೆ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''पूजा''' -- worship, to perform, prayer -- ಪೂಜೆ '''पूँजी''' -- capital, investment, assets -- ಮೂಲ ಭಂಡವಾಳ '''पूँजीपति''' -- capitalist, one who has capital, a very wealthy person -- ಸಾವುಕಾರ, ಪಣಕಾರ '''पूँजीवाद''' -- capitalism -- ಬಂಡವಾಳಶಾಯಿತ್ವ '''पूत''' -- a son, sacred, holy, sacred, cleaned, purified -- ಮೋಂವ, ಪವಿತ್ರ '''पूनी''' -- cotton roll, prepared for spinning on the charkha -- ಪರ್ತಿ ಉಂಡೆ '''पूय''' -- pus, purulent matter -- ಚಲ '''पूरक''' -- supplementary, reinforce, supplement, partwise -- ಕೂಟ್‌ಕ್ ಕೂಟಿಯಂಡದ್ '''पूरण''' -- completion, ending, closing -- ತ್ಂದದ್, ಆಖೀರಿ ಆನದ್ '''पूरब''' -- east -- ಕೇಕ್ '''पूरा''' -- full, complete, entire -- ಎಲ, ಪೂರ್ತಿ '''पूर्णकालिक''' -- whole time, full time -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ನೇರ, ನೇರ ಇಡೀ '''पूर्णचन्द्र''' -- full moon -- ಬೊಳ್ತಬಾವುರಚಂದ್ರ '''पूर्णत''' -- fully, entirely, completely -- ತ್ರಾ, ಎಲ್ಲಾ '''पूर्णयोग''' -- sum, total, gross -- ಒಟ್ಟು '''पूर्णांक''' -- full marks, an integer -- ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಾರ್ಕ್ '''पूर्ति''' -- supply, fulfilment, providing -- ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''पूर्व''' -- former, previous, east -- ಮಿಂಞತ, ಪಳಿಯ, ಬಯ್ಯತ '''पूर्वकथित''' -- afore said, stated earlier -- ಮಿಂಞ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ನದ್, ಅಕ್ಕಲೆ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ನದ್ '''पूर्वज''' -- ancestor, for father, earlier generation -- ಪಂಡೇಕವು, ಪೂರ್ವಿಕಂಗ '''पूर्वपीठिका''' -- background, introduction, prolegomenon -- ಬೆಂಬರಿ, ಮುಂಜೊಲ್ಲ್ '''पूर्वपुरूष''' -- forefather -- ಕಾರೊಣ '''पूर्ववर्ती''' -- former, previous, prior, preceding, happening before -- ಮಿಂಞತ, ಕಯಿಂಜದ್, ಬಯ್ಯತ '''पूर्वशान''' -- pre-knowledge, anticipation, foresight, foreknowledge -- ಮಿಂಞ ಅರ್ಂಜದ್ '''पूर्वाग्रह''' -- prejudice, bias, unreasonable -- ಕೇಡ್‌ಬಯಂದದ್, ತಪ್ಪ್‌ಗೇನ '''पूर्वानुमान''' -- forecast, estimate, to tell before -- ಮಿಂಞಲೇ ಎಣ್ಣುವದ್, ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಪರಂದದ್ '''पूर्वान्ह''' -- forenoon, ante meridian, hence -- ಮಜ್ಜಣಕ್ ಮಿಂಞ '''पूर्वाभ्यास''' -- practice, rehearsal -- ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ '''पूर्वोक्त''' -- aforesaid -- ಮಿಂಞ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ನದ್, ಅಕ್ಕಲೆ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ನದ್ '''पूर्वोत्तर''' -- north eastern -- ಈಶಾನ್ಯ ದಿಕ್ಕ್‌ರ '''पूर्वोपाय''' -- precautionary, prevention -- ಮುನ್ನೆಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ '''पूला''' -- bundle of straw, crops -- ಪಿಲ್ಲ್ ಕತ್ತೆ, ಪಿಲ್ಲ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ '''पूस''' -- tenth month of the Hindu calender -- ಹಿಂದೂ ಕ್ರಮತ್‌ಲ್ ಪತ್ತನೆ ತಿಂಗ '''पृथक''' -- separate, isolated, different -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ತಿರ್‌ಚದ್ '''पृथ्वी''' -- earth, ground, terrestrial, globe -- ಭೂಮಿ, ನೆಲ, ಜಬ್ಬೂಮಿ '''पृष्ट''' -- asked, enquired, appealed -- ಕೇಟದ್, ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಾಡನದ್ '''पृष्ठ''' -- page back, one side of a blank written or printed sheet of a paper -- ಪಾಳೆರ ಬಯ್ಯಬರಿ '''पृष्ठभाग''' -- background, space behind, principal figures it etc, one family & upbringing -- ಬೆಂಬರಿ '''पृष्ठांकन''' -- endorsement, giving an authorisation, to indicate on a motor licence that the owner has broken driving law -- ತಿರಿತ್ ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ನದ್, ಅಧಿಕಾರ ಕೊಡ್‌ತ ಎಳ್ತ್ '''पेंग''' -- swing, oscillation of a swing, to keep changing one`s mind -- ತೂಂಗಿಕಳಿಪ, ಉಯ್ಯಾಲೆ '''पेच''' -- screw, intricacy, spiral motion -- ತಿರ್‌ಗಣಿ, ತೊಡಕಿಯಂಡದ್ '''पेचकस''' -- screwdriver, an instrument for mechanical purpose -- ಸ್ಕ್ರೂ ಡ್ರೈವರ್ '''पेचिस''' -- gripes, dysentery, an infective disease causing fever pain and diarrhoea -- ತೂರಟ, ಕೆಲ ನೊಂಬಲ '''पेचीदगी''' -- complication, difficulty, difficult to understand -- ತೊಡಕ್ '''पेट''' -- stomach, belly, abdomen, one of the part of the body -- ಕೆಲ, ಪೊಟ್ಟೆ '''पेटी''' -- small box, a belt, raised platform around a house, casket, a small chest -- ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ, ಚಂದೂಕ '''पेटेंट''' -- patent, openly, clearly, patently, obvious -- ಹಕ್ಕ್ ತೊರಂದದ್ '''पेड़''' -- tree, largest kind of plant with thick wooden stem and branches -- ಮರ '''पेंदा''' -- bottom, lowest portion, extremely deep -- ಅಡಿ, ಕೇದತ್?ರ '''पेन''' -- pen, a sheep pen, an instrument for writing, an ink small enclosure -- ಪೆನ್ನ್ '''पेपर''' -- paper, news paper, document -- ಕಾಗದ, ಪೇಪರ್ '''पेमेंट''' -- payment, salary -- ಸಂಬಳ '''पेय''' -- potable, drinkable, liquid, fluid -- ಕುಡಿಪಂತದ್ '''पेश''' -- presented, forward, submission, placing before -- ಎದ್‌ಕೆಬೆಚ್ಚದ್, ಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್ '''पेशगी''' -- advance, earnest money, advance amount, progress -- ಅಡ್ವಾನ್ಸ್, ಮಿಂಞಲೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪದ್ '''पेशतर''' -- before, prior to -- ಮಿಂಞ '''पेंशन''' -- pension, after retirement benefit -- ಪಿಂಚಿನ್ '''पेशाब''' -- urine, piss -- ಉಚ್ಚೆ '''पेशावर''' -- professional, occupation, trade -- ಉದ್ಯೋಗತ್‌ರ '''पेशी''' -- hearing, to listen, paying attention -- ಕೇಪ, ಕೆಮಿಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''पेंसिन''' -- pencil -- ಪೆನ್ಸಿಲ್ '''पेस्ट''' -- paste, gum, to press, to oppress, to push -- ಪೇಸ್ಟ್, ಗೋಂದ್ '''पैकेट''' -- packet, some parcel -- ತುರ್‌ಟ್, ಪ್ಯಾಕೆಟ್ '''पैगम्बर''' -- prophet, priest, religious preacher -- ಧರ್ಮೋಪದೇಶಕ '''पैड''' -- pad, writing pad, writing book -- ರಟ್ಟ್ '''पैंतीसे''' -- thirty five, the number thirty five -- ನುಪ್ಪತ್ತಂಜಿ '''पैतृक''' -- paternal, fatherly -- ಅಪ್ಪಂಡ ಕಡೆರ '''पैदल''' -- going on foot -- ನಡಪ, ಕಾಲ್‌ನಡೆ '''पैदा''' -- born -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನ '''पैदाइश''' -- birth, parentage, ancestry -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್ '''पैदावर''' -- production, produce, hormot -- ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿ '''पैना''' -- sharp, keen, clever -- ಉಸಾರುಳ್ಳ, ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ '''पैमाइश''' -- measurement, survey -- ಅಳತೆ '''पैमाना''' -- scale -- ತಕ್ಕಡಿ, ಕೊಡಿಕ್‌ಪತ್ತ್, ಮೀನ್‌ರ ಚೊಳಿಕೆ '''पैर''' -- foot -- ಪಾದ, ಅಡಿ '''पैरा''' -- para, paragraph -- ಪ್ಯಾರಾ '''पैराशूट''' -- parachute -- ಪ್ಯಾರಾ ಚೂಟ್ '''पैरोल''' -- parole -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್, ಪ್ರಮಾಣ '''पैशच''' -- devilish -- ಕೂಳಿಬುದ್ಧಿರ, ಪೀಡೆನೆನ್ನಕೆ '''पैशून्य''' -- backbiting -- ಬೆನ್ನ್‌ಕ್ ಚಾಕ್‌ಡುವ, ಪಿತಲಾಟ '''पैसा''' -- pice -- ಕಾಸ್, ಪಂಡೇತ ಮೂಂದ್‌ಕಾಸ್ '''पोखरा''' -- pond, tank, a body of water-smaller than a lake -- ಕೆರೆ, ಕೂವ '''पोंगा''' -- stupid, dull, lacking quickness -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ, ಪೆದ್ದ '''पोच''' -- mean, worthless, weak -- ಚಲ್ಲ, ಮಾನಂಗೆಟ್ಟಂವ '''पोंछन''' -- wiping, string like piece -- ತ್ಟುವ, ಉದ್ದುವ '''पोटली''' -- bundle, a quantity of- material -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ '''पोतभार''' -- cargo, transport, freight -- ಹಡಗ್‌ಪಿಂಞವಿಮಾನತ್‌ಲಯಿಪ ಪೊರೆ '''पोता''' -- grandson -- ಕ್‌ರ್ ಮೋಂವ '''पोताई''' -- act, state, quality -- ಪಣಿ, ಕಾನೂನ್, ನಟನೆ '''पोती''' -- grand daugther -- ಕ್‌ರ್ ಮೋವ '''पोथी''' -- book -- ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''पोधा''' -- plant -- ಗಿಡ '''पोप''' -- pope, priest, a bishop -- ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನಿಯಡ ಬಲ್ಯ ಗುರು '''पोर''' -- joint, combined, collaborative -- ಕೂಡ್‌ವ ಜಾಗ, ದಂಡ್ ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಡ್‌ನ ಜಾಗ, ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ '''पोल''' -- hollowness, vain, futile -- ಟೊಳ್ಳ್, ಪೋಟೆ, ವ್ಯರ್ಥ '''पोषक''' -- nutrietive, nourshing, a nutrient -- ತಡಿಕ್ ಶಕ್ತಿ ತಪ್ಪ ಆಹಾರ '''पोषण''' -- rearing, to take care of and support to maturity -- ಚಾಕುವ, ಬೊಳತುವ '''पोस्ट, डाक''' -- post -- ಟಪಾಲ್ '''पोस्टर''' -- poster -- ಪ್ರಕಟನೆರ ಚೀಟಿ '''पौद''' -- sapling, seedling, a young tree -- ಗಿಡ '''पौन''' -- three fourth, ¾ -- ಮುಕ್ಕಾಲ್ '''पौर''' -- citizen, a native -- ಪ್ರಜೆ '''पौराणिक''' -- mythological -- ಪುರಾಣಕಾಲತ್‌ರ, ಪಂಡೇತದ್ '''पौरूष''' -- manhood, manliness, traditional manly-qualities -- ಉಜೂರ್ತ, ಪೌರ್ '''पौरोहित्य''' -- priesthood -- ಪೌರೋಹಿತ್ಯ '''प्याज''' -- onion -- ಈರುಳ್ಳಿ '''प्यार''' -- love, affection, fondness -- ಕೊದಿ, ಪ್ರೀತಿ '''प्यारा''' -- dear, beloved, precious -- ಕೊದಿರ, ಪ್ರೀತಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ '''प्यारू''' -- water booth, drinking water, supported by water -- ನೀರ್‌ಕಲ '''प्याला''' -- cup -- ಬಟ್ಟ, ಕಪ್ಪು '''प्यास''' -- thirst, eager desire, a sensation of dryness in the mouth -- ದಾವ, ಕುಡಿಪಕಾಪ '''प्रकट''' -- apparent, manifest, discernible -- ಕಾಂಬದ್, ಅರಿವಾಪದ್ '''प्रकंप''' -- shivering, quake, trembling -- ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪ, ಬೊರಚಲ್ '''प्रकरण''' -- topic, subject, thesis -- ವಿಷಯ '''प्रकर्ष''' -- eminence, excellence, prominence -- ಬಲ್ಯರಿಕೆ '''प्रकल्पना''' -- presumption, audacity, arrogance -- ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಊಹನೆ '''प्रकल्पित''' -- presumed, supposed presuppose -- ಮನಸ್‌ಲ್ ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವ, ಕಲ್ಪನೆ ಮಾಡಿಯವ '''प्रकांड''' -- profound, deep, sagacious -- ಆಳತ್‌ರ '''प्रकार''' -- kind, type, benign -- ತರ '''प्रकाश''' -- light, indistinct, faded -- ಬೊಳಿ '''प्रकाश स्तंभ''' -- light house -- ಬೊಳಕ್ ಗೋಪುರ '''प्रकाशक''' -- publisher -- ಬೊಳಿ ಪಡ್‌ತುವಂವ '''प्रकाशमान''' -- luminous -- ಮಿನ್ನುವದ್ '''प्रकीर्ण''' -- miscellaneous, haphazard, indiscriminate -- ಚಿಲ್ಲರೆ ಪಲ್ಲರೆ, ತಾರಾಮಾರ '''प्रकोप''' -- wrath, fury, rage -- ಚೆಡಿ, ಉರ್ತ '''प्रकोष्ठ''' -- lobby, chamber, official accommodation -- ಕಯ್ಯಾಲೆ, ಕೋಂಬರೆ '''प्रक्रम''' -- order, process, procedure -- ಆದೇಶ ಮಾಡುವ ಕ್ರಮ '''प्रक्रिया''' -- procedure, order, process -- ಮಾಡುವ ಕ್ರಮ, ಆದೇಶ '''प्रक्षालन''' -- washing, bleaching, cleaning -- ಒಲಿಪ, ಕತ್ತುವ, ನೆಲ್‌ಪ '''प्रखंड''' -- division, section, part -- ವಿಭಾಗ '''प्रख्यात''' -- eminent, famous, renowned -- ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ '''प्रगति''' -- progress, growth, development -- ಏಳಿಗೆ, ಕೇಳಿ, ಬೊಳಚೆ '''प्रगल्भ''' -- unabashed, bold, courageous -- ಧೈರ್ಯಕಾರ, ಬೊತ್ತತಂವ '''प्रगाढ़''' -- very deep, profound, shrewd -- ಭಾರೀ ಆಳ, ದುಂಬಾ ಆಳತ್‌ರ '''प्रचलित''' -- current, prevalent, popular -- ಇಕ್ಕತ್‌ರ, ನಡದಂಡುಳ್ಳದ್ '''प्रचार''' -- propaganda, publicity, deliberate publicity -- ಪ್ರಚಾರ '''प्रचालक''' -- operator -- ನಡತುವಂವ '''प्रचालन''' -- operation, conducting, carry on -- ಕಾರ್ಯ, ಕ್ರಿಯೆ, ಕಾರ್ಬಾರ್ ಮಾಡ್ '''प्रजनन''' -- procreation, reproduction, to generate -- ಜನ್ಮ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''प्रजा''' -- public, open to all persons, people -- ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ, ಪ್ರಜೆ '''प्रजातंत्र''' -- Democracy, Government by the people, social equality -- ಪ್ರಜಾಪ್ರಭುತ್ವ '''प्रज्ञ''' -- wise, inteligent, sagacious -- ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ '''प्रज्ञा''' -- intellect, prudence -- ಬುದ್ಧಿಶಕ್ತಿ '''प्रज्वलन''' -- burning, ignition -- ಕತ್ತುವ '''प्रण''' -- resolution, pledge, determination -- ಠರಾವು, ತೀರ್ಮಾನ '''प्रणत''' -- bow, bowed down, bent, modest -- ಬಗ್ಗುವ, ತಾಂದವ '''प्रणति''' -- bow, salutation, bowed down, courtesy, humility -- ಬಗ್ಗುವ, ತಗ್ಗಿಬಗ್ಗಿನಡಪ '''प्रणय''' -- love, tenderness, fondness -- ಕೊದಿ, ಪ್ರೀತಿ '''प्रणाली''' -- channel, way, system -- ಕಾಲುವೆ, ಕೈಸಾಲ್ '''प्रणेता''' -- creator -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ಚಿಡುವಂವ, ದೇವ ಜನ್ಮತಂದಂವ '''प्रताड़ना''' -- adomonition, grief, pain -- ನೊಂಬಲ, ದುಃಖ ಮನಸ್‌ರ ನೊಂಬಲ '''प्रताप''' -- glory, fame, eminence -- ಕೇಳಿ '''प्रति''' -- copy, imitation, reproduction -- ಪ್ರತಿ '''प्रतिकार''' -- compensation, amends, reparation -- ಐವಾಜ್, ಬದ್‌ಲ್‌ಕ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪದ್ '''प्रतिकूल''' -- opposite, adverse, unfavorable -- ವಿರೋಧ ಆನದ್ '''प्रतिक्रम''' -- reverse order, disastrous, aganist -- ವಿರೋಧವಾನದ್ '''प्रतिक्रिया''' -- reaction, reverse movement -- ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆ '''प्रतिग्रहण''' -- acceptance -- ಸ್ವೀಕಾರ, ಎಡ್‌ತವ '''प्रतिघात''' -- counter blow -- ತಿರಿತ್‌ಬೆಪ್ಪ, ತಿರಿತ್ ಪೊಯ್ಯುವ '''प्रतिच्छाया''' -- reflection -- ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬ, ನಳ '''प्रतिदत''' -- returned -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪದ್, ತಿರಿತ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್ '''प्रतिदिन''' -- daily -- ಎಕ್ಕಲೂ, ದಿನಾಲು '''प्रतिद्धन्द''' -- content, conflict, encounter -- ತೃಪ್ತಿ (ತೃಪ್ತಿ) ತಾತ್ಪರ್ಯ, ಜಗಳ '''प्रतिनिधि''' -- symbolic, typical representative -- ಬದ್‌ಲ್‌ಕ್ ಪೋನಂವ, ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿ '''प्रतिपक्ष''' -- opposition party, Major political party in the house -- ವಿರೋಧ ಪಕ್ಷ '''प्रतिपन्ति''' -- exposition, exhibit, display -- ಎಡ್‌ತ್ ಕಾಟುವ '''प्रतिपरीक्षण''' -- cross examination, interogate -- ವಾದ ಪ್ರತಿವಾದ '''प्रतिपालन''' -- maintenance, keeping safe, to hold -- ನಡತುವ, ನೋಟಿಯವ ಚಾಯಿತೆ ಬೆಚ್ಚವ '''प्रतिपूरक''' -- complimentary, commendatory -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಮಾಡುವ, ಪೂರಕ '''प्रतिप्राप्ति''' -- recovery, possibility of regaining, restoration -- ಪುನಃ ವಸೂಲ್ ಮಾಡುವ, ಕಾಯಿಲ ವಾಸಿ ಆಪ '''प्रतिफल''' -- consequence, conclusion, result -- ಫಲ, ಪರಿಣಾಮ '''प्रतिबंध''' -- restriction, prohibit, to prevent -- ನಿಯಮ, ನಿರ್ಬಂಧ, ತಡ್‌ಪ '''प्रतिबिंब''' -- reflection, meditation, rumination -- ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬ '''प्रतिभा''' -- talent, capability, ability -- ಪ್ರತಿಭೆ, ಗಟ್ಟಿಗತನ '''प्रतिमा''' -- statute, icon, picture -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ಪಾಡ್, ಕಾನೂನ್ ಕಾಯಿದೆ '''प्रतियोगिता''' -- competion, emulation, struggle -- ಪೋರಾಟ '''प्रतिरोध''' -- revenge, requital, reprisal -- ಪಗೆ '''प्रतिलिपि''' -- duplicate copy, a copy, counter part -- ಯಥಾನಕಲ್ '''प्रतिलिपिक''' -- copyist -- ನಕಲ್ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''प्रतिवर्तन''' -- reversal, opposite direction -- ತಿರಿತ್‌ನಿಪ್ಪ '''प्रतिवादक''' -- protests, encounter, oppose -- ವಿರೋಧ ಮಾಡುವ '''प्रतिवादी''' -- defendant, respondent making one's defense -- ಪ್ರತಿವಾದಿ '''प्रतिवाशी''' -- neighbour, a person who lives near another -- ನೆರೆಮನೆಕಾರ '''प्रतिविधि''' -- remedy cure, restorative -- ಪರಿಹಾರ, ವಾಸಿ '''प्रतिवेदन''' -- representation, an appeal, a statements-of facts -- ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಯಾಯಿತ್, ನಿರೂಪಣೆ '''प्रतिशत''' -- percent -- ನೂರಾಂಗ್ '''प्रतिशब्द''' -- equivalent, equal in value, measure -- ಒಂದಾಂಗ್ ಸೆರಿಯಾನ ಶಬ್ದ '''प्रतिष्ठा''' -- prestige, status, social or professional-standing -- ಘನತೆ, ಪ್ರತಿಷ್ಠೆ, ಗೌರವ '''प्रतिष्ठान''' -- establishment, foundation, settlement -- ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ '''प्रतिस्थापन''' -- replacement, other alternative, other option -- ಬದಲಾಕುವ '''प्रतिस्पर्धा''' -- competition, challenge, contest -- ಪೈಪೋಟಿ '''प्रतिहस्ताक्षर''' -- counter signature -- ಮೇಲೆಳ್‌ತ್ '''प्रतीक''' -- symbol, badge, emblem -- ಗುರ್ತ್, ಚಿಹ್ನೆ '''प्रतीक्षा''' -- wait, abide, dally -- ಪಾರಕಾಪ, ಕಾತಳಪ '''प्रतीक्षालय''' -- waiting room, rest, stay -- ಕಾತಳಪ ಜಾಗ '''प्रतीत''' -- it appears, seem, show -- ತೋಂದುವ, ಕಾಂಬ '''प्रतीयमान''' -- apparent, clear, distinct -- ಸುಲಭತ್‌ಲ್ ಗೊತ್ತಾಪದ್, ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ಗೊತ್ತಾಪದ್ '''प्रत्यक्ष''' -- obvious, apparent, evident -- ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾನದ್ '''प्रत्ययपत्र''' -- credentials, belief, credit -- ಪರಿಚಯ ಕಾಗದ '''प्रत्यागत''' -- comeback -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪ '''प्रत्याभूति''' -- guarantee, certainty, surety -- ಗ್ಯಾರಂಟಿ '''प्रत्यारोप''' -- counter charge -- ಆರೋಪ ಮಾಡುವ '''प्रत्याशी''' -- candidate, applicant -- ಅಭ್ಯರ್ಥಿ '''प्रत्युत''' -- however, but -- ಎನ್ನನೇಂಗಿ, ಆಚೆಂಗಿ '''प्रत्येक''' -- each, everyone -- ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದ್, ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಬ್ಬನೂ '''प्रथम''' -- first -- ಆದ್ಯ, ಪ್ರಥಮ '''प्रथा''' -- custom, practice, tradition -- ಪದ್ಧತಿ, ನಡಪು '''प्रदत्त''' -- given -- ಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್ '''प्रदर्शक''' -- show, display -- ಕಾಟುವಂವ '''प्रदान''' -- giving -- ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''प्रदाय''' -- supply, to provide, satisfy -- ಬಳಂಬುವ, ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''प्रदाह''' -- burning, destroy -- ಚುಡುವ, ನಾಶ ಮಾಡುವ '''प्रदीप''' -- lamp -- ಬೊಳ್‌ಚ '''प्रदेश''' -- region, zone -- ನಾಡ್, ಪ್ರದೇಶ '''प्रधान''' -- head, chief -- ನಾಯಕ, ಮುಕ್ರಿ '''प्रधानाचार्य''' -- principal, head of the educational institution -- ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ರ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಾಲ್ '''प्रपंची''' -- cheat, fraud, deceit -- ಮೋಸ, ಚದಿ '''प्रपत्र''' -- form, shape, outline -- ಫಾರಂ, ಆಕಾರ '''प्रफुल्ल''' -- joyful, glad, delighted -- ದುಂಬಾ ಕುಶಿರ '''प्रबंध''' -- management, organizing, administration -- ನಡ್‌ತುವ ಕೂಟ '''प्रबल''' -- powerful, dominant, effective -- ಬಲವಾನ '''प्रबुद्ध''' -- enlightened, civilize, edify -- ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ '''प्रभंजन''' -- hurricane, violent storm, tempest -- ಸುಳಿಕಾತ್, ಚಂಡಮಾರುತ '''प्रभा''' -- light -- ಬೊಳಿ '''प्रभाकर''' -- sun -- ಸೂರ್ಯ '''प्रभाग''' -- subdivision, revenue division -- ಉಪ ವಿಭಾಗ '''प्रभार''' -- charge, cost, price -- ಬದ್‌ಲ್‌ಕ್‌ಇಪ್ಪ '''प्रभाव''' -- influence, moral power -- ಶಿಫಾರಸ್ '''प्रभावपूर्ण''' -- effective, able, adequate -- ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾರಿ '''प्रभु''' -- god -- ದೇವ '''प्रभूत''' -- plentiful, abounding, ample -- ದುಂಬಾ '''प्रमंडल''' -- division, border, bisection -- ವಿಭಾಗ, ಗಡಿ (ತೆರಿ) '''प्रमाण''' -- testimony, affidavit, affirmation -- ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಪತ್ರ '''प्रमाण''' -- measure, amplitude, capacity -- ಅಳತೆ '''प्रमाणक''' -- voucher, certificate, validation -- ರಸೀತಿ '''प्रमाणपत्र''' -- certificate, attestation, authorization -- ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಪತ್ರ, ಸರ್ಟಿಫಿಕೇಟ್ '''प्रमाणित''' -- proved, witnessed, testified -- ರುಜುವಾತಾನದ್ '''प्रमाणीकरण''' -- authentication, attest, verify -- ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಮಾಡಿತ್ ಎಣ್ಣುವ '''प्रमादी''' -- vain, confused, negligent -- ವ್ಯರ್ಥ '''प्रमुख''' -- main, chief, head -- ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪಟ್ಟ್‌ದ್ '''प्रयत्न''' -- attempt, make an effort, endeavor -- ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ '''प्रयत्नशील''' -- endeavoring, try, effort -- ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ ಪಡುವಂವ '''प्रयाण''' -- going, departure, start -- ಪೋಪ '''प्रयास''' -- attempt, attach, try -- ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ ಪಡುವ '''प्रयोग''' -- use, application, avail -- ಉಪಯೋಗ '''प्रयोगशाला''' -- laboratory -- ಪ್ರಯೋಗಾಲಯ '''प्रयोजन''' -- purpose, aim, intention -- ಉದ್ದೇಶ, ಗುರಿ '''प्रयोज्य''' -- applicable, advantage, ambition -- ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಡುವದ್, ಅನುಕೂಲ '''प्रलेख''' -- document, record, dossier -- ದಾಖಲೆ '''प्रलेप''' -- ointment -- ಮುಲಾಮು '''प्रवक्ता''' -- spokesman -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರಿವಂವ '''प्रवर''' -- superior, upper, higher in position -- ಮೇಲ್ಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಬಲ್ಯಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ '''प्रवर्तक''' -- promotes, help forward, moving upto a higher rank -- ಸುರುಮಾಡ್‌ನ, ಮೊಳಿಯ್‌ಟ್ಟ '''प्रवर्तन''' -- invention, construction, conducting -- ಪುಡಿಯದಾಯಿತ್ ಕಂಡ್‌ಪುಡಿಪ '''प्रवाचक''' -- preacher, deliver a sermon, set forth in religious discourse -- ಬೋಧನೆ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''प्रवासन''' -- migration, journey -- ಪುದಿಯ ಜಾಗಕ್ ಪೋಪ, ಪ್ರಯಾಣ '''प्रवाह''' -- flow, gush, spout -- ಒಕ್ಕಿ ಪೋಪ, ಪರಿವ '''प्रविधि''' -- technique, method of performance, systematic knowledge of industrial art -- ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನ '''प्रविष्ट''' -- entry, write in, register -- ಎಳ್‌ದ್, ದಾಖಲೆ '''प्रवीण''' -- expert, practiced, skillful -- ಗಟ್ಟಿಗ, ಪಡ್‌ಚಂವ '''प्रवृत्ति''' -- inclination, learning, propensity -- ಬಾಂಗ್‌ನದ್, ಪಡಿಪ್ '''प्रवेश''' -- admission, entry, ingress -- ಪ್ರವೇಶ, ಕೂಡುವ '''प्रवेशपत्र''' -- admission card, entry card, hall ticket -- ಅನುಮತಿ ಚೀಟಿ '''प्रवेशशुल्क''' -- admission fees, entry fees, formality -- ದಾಖಲಾತಿ ಫೀಸ್ '''प्रशंसक''' -- one who praises -- ಮೆಚ್ಚುವಂವ, ಹೊಗಳುವಂವ '''प्रशंसनीय''' -- admirable, estimable, praise worthy -- ಮೆಚ್ಚಂಡಿಯದ್ '''प्रशस्त''' -- broad, expansive, wider -- ಅಗಲ ಆನದ್ '''प्रशाखा''' -- sub-branch, sub-division -- ಉಪ ಭಾಗ '''प्रशांत''' -- calm, quiet, motionless -- ಶಾಂತ ಆನದ್, ಅನಂಗತದ್ '''प्रशासक''' -- administrator, ruler, competent authority -- ಆಳುವಂವ, ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ '''प्रशासन''' -- administration, ruling, execution -- ಆಡಳಿತ '''प्रशिक्षक''' -- trainer, skilled person, technical person -- ಪಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವಂವ '''प्रशिक्षण''' -- training, orientation, practice -- ತರಬೇತ್ '''प्रश्न''' -- question, query, examine -- ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ '''प्रश्नपत्र''' -- question paper, evaluation test, qualifying test -- ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ '''प्रश्नोत्तर''' -- question and answer -- ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಪಿಂಞ ಉತ್ತರ '''प्रश्रय''' -- support, sustain, maintain -- ತಾಂಗಿ ನಿಪ್ಪ, ಇಂಬು ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''प्रसंग''' -- context, background, circumstances -- ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''प्रसन्न''' -- happy, joyous, joyful -- ಕುಸಿಯಾನ, ಸಂತೋಷಪಟ್ಟ '''प्रसम''' -- normal, natural, regular -- ಮಾಮೂಲ್ '''प्रसरण''' -- expansion, enlarged portion, magnify -- ಬಲ್ಯದಾನ, ಬೊಳಂದ್‌ಬಪ್ಪ '''प्रसव''' -- delivery, release, yield -- ಪೆರಿಗೆ '''प्रसाधन''' -- toilet, a bath room, a lavatory -- ಕಕ್ಕುಸ್, ಗುಡ್ಡ '''प्रसारण''' -- broad casting, by radio, act of transmitting -- ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿಲ್ ಎಣ್ಣುವ '''प्रसिद्ध''' -- well known, prominent, famous -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ಅರ್‌ಜಂಡ, ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ '''प्रसूत''' -- delivered, born, proclaimed -- ಪೆತ್ತ, ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನ '''प्रस्ताव''' -- proposal, suggestion, design -- ಸಲಹೆ, ಅರಿವಿಕೆ '''प्रस्तावना''' -- preface, preamble, foreword -- ಮುಂಬೆಳ್ತ್, ಮುನ್ನುಡಿ '''प्रस्तुत''' -- presented, a debutante -- ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ನದ್, ಎಳ್ದ್‌ಓದ್‌ನದ್ '''प्रस्थान''' -- departure, leaving, exit -- ಪೊರಟ್ ಪೋಪ '''प्रस्थापन''' -- installation, establishment, consecration -- ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ '''प्रस्फुट''' -- blossom, manifestation, appearance -- ಬೀರುವ, ವ್ಯಕ್ತಪಡತುವ '''प्रस्वेद''' -- sweat, perspiration -- ಬೆವರ್ '''प्रस्वेदन''' -- sweating, perspiring, to secrete a salty -- ಬೆವರುವ '''प्रहर''' -- eighth part of a day -- ದಿನತ್‌ರ ಎಟ್ಟನೆ ಓರ್‌ಭಾಗ '''प्रहरी''' -- watchman, safety, security guard -- ಪಾರಗಾರ '''प्रहार''' -- blow, stroke, buffet -- ಇಡಿಪ, ಪೊಯ್ಯುವ '''प्राइमरी''' -- primary, basic, prime -- ಮೂಲ, ಸುರೂವತ, ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ '''प्राइवेट''' -- private, particular, peculiar -- ಖಾಸಗಿ, ಒಬ್ಬಂಡ ಸ್ವಂತ '''प्राकार''' -- boundary, limits, borders -- ತೆರಿ, ಬರಿ '''प्राकृत''' -- natural, regular, genuine -- ನೈಜ, ಎಡೆಬುಡತೆ '''प्राक्कथन''' -- foreword, preface, preamble -- ಮುನ್ನುಡಿ, ಮುಂಬೆಳ್ತ್ '''प्राक्कलन''' -- estimation, approximate calculation, opinion -- ಲೆಕ್ಕಾಚಾರ, ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''प्रांगण''' -- atrium, open space within a house -- ಕಯ್ಯಾಲೆ '''प्राचार्य''' -- principal -- ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ರ ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ತ, ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಾಲ್ '''प्राचीन''' -- early, mature, old -- ಪಂಡೇತ, ಪಳಿಯ '''प्राण''' -- life, energy, vigor -- ಪ್ರಾಣ '''प्राणघातक''' -- fatal, deadly,lethal -- ಅಪಾಯತ್‌ರ, ಕೊಲ್ಲುವಂತ '''प्राणत्याग''' -- beloved, dear to the heart, darling -- ಕೊದಿರ '''प्राणनाथ''' -- husband -- ವಡಿಯ '''प्राणायाम''' -- breathing exercise -- ಪ್ರಾಣಾಯಾಮ, ಆಳಕ್ ಉಸ್‌ರೆಡ್‌ಪ '''प्राणी''' -- animal, beast, power of voluntary motion -- ಪ್ರಾಣಿ (ಕಾಡ್ ಜಾತಿ) '''प्रातः''' -- morning, sunrise time -- ಪೊಲಾಕ '''प्रांत''' -- province, any particular extent of space, a geographical region -- ಪ್ರದೇಶ '''प्रातःकर्म''' -- morning duties -- ಪೊಲಾಕತ್‌ರ ಕಾರ್ಬಾರ್ '''प्रातःस्नान''' -- morning bath -- ಪೊಲಾಕತ್‌ರ ಕುಳಿ '''प्रातिभ''' -- intuitive, inborn, natural -- ಸ್ವಾಭಾವಿಕ, ತನ್ನಾಲೆ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್ '''प्राँतीय''' -- provincial, rural, small town -- ಪ್ರದೇಶತರ '''प्राथमिक''' -- primary, basic, primitive -- ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ, ಮೂಲ '''प्रादर्शनिक''' -- illustrative, demonstrative, explanatory -- ವಿವರವಾನದ್ '''प्रादुर्भाव''' -- origin, root, foundation -- ಮೂಲ '''प्रादेशिक''' -- provincial, rural, small town -- ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ '''प्राधिकृत''' -- authorized, duly sanctioned, endowed with authority -- ಅಧಿಕಾರ ಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್ '''प्राध्यापक''' -- professor, a teacher, high quality academician -- ಕಾಲೇಜ್ ಉಷಾದ್ರಿ, ಪ್ರೊಫೆಸರ್ '''प्राध्यापन''' -- teaching -- ಪಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿರುವ '''प्रापक''' -- receiver -- ಕೇಟವಂವ '''प्राप्त''' -- received -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್, ಕೇಟಂಡದ್ '''प्राप्तिका''' -- acknowledgement -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟ್‌ನಾಂಗ್ ರಶೀತಿ '''प्राप्य''' -- due, inflicted, usual -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟಂಡಿಯದ್, ಬರಂಡಿಯದ್ '''प्रामाणिक''' -- authentic, real, genuine -- ನೇರಾನದ್, ಅಧಿಕೃತ '''प्रायः''' -- usually, commonly, generally -- ಸಾಧಾರಣ ಆಯಿತ್ '''प्रायशः''' -- very often, frequently, habitually -- ಅಕ್ಕಕ್ಕ, ಮಾಣೆ '''प्रायश्चित्त''' -- atonement, regret, mental change -- ಆನತಪ್ಪುಕ್ ಬೇಜಾರ ಪಟ್ಟವ '''प्रायिक''' -- probable, apparent, credible -- ಆಪಂತ, ನಡ್‌ಪಂತ '''प्रायोजन''' -- project, enterprise -- ಕಲ್ಪನೆ ಮಾಡುವ, ಯೋಜನೆ '''प्रारब्ध''' -- destiny, fate, fortune -- ಹಣೆಬರ, ಅದೃಷ್ಟ, ನಸೀಪ್ '''प्रारंभ''' -- beginning, inaugurate, commencement -- ಶುರು '''प्रारुप''' -- draft, outline, abstract -- ನಕ್ಷೆ, ಕರಡು ಪ್ರತಿ '''प्रार्थना''' -- prayer, confession, worshipping -- ದೇವಳ ತುದಿಪ, ಪೂಜೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''प्रार्थित''' -- requested, pray, appeal -- ಕೇಟವ '''प्रार्थी''' -- applicant, request, candidate -- ಕೆಲಸಕ್ ಅರ್ಜಿ ಇಡುವಂವ (ಅಭ್ಯರ್ಥಿ) '''प्रावधान''' -- provision, agreement, condition -- ಒಪ್ಪಂದ '''प्राविधिक''' -- technical, skilled person -- ಕೌಶಲ್ಯ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ '''प्रासंगित''' -- relevant, suitable, apposite -- ಸೆರಿಯಾನ '''प्रिंट''' -- print -- ಅಚ್ಚ್ '''प्रिय''' -- dear, a beloved one, darling -- ಪ್ರೀತಿ ಪಾತ್ರವಾನ, ಕುಶಿ ಉಳ್ಳ '''प्रियतम''' -- dearest, affectionate, warm -- ದುಂಬಾ ಕುಶಿರ, ಕೊದಿರ '''प्रियता''' -- lovability, dear, tender -- ಕೊದಿ, ಪ್ರೀತಿ '''प्रीति''' -- affection, love, warm -- ಕೊದಿ, ಪ್ರೀತಿ '''प्रेक्षक''' -- observer -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ನೋಟುವಂವ '''प्रेक्षय''' -- which is to observe -- ನೋಟಂಡಿಯದ್ '''प्रेत''' -- spirit, ghost, devil -- ಕೂಳಿ '''प्रेतनी''' -- woman spirit, woman ghost, female devil -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್‌ಕೂಳಿ '''प्रेतविद्या''' -- spiritism, high tantric, divine power -- ಬುದ್ಧಿಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟ '''प्रेम''' -- love, adoration, tenderness -- ಕೊದಿ (ಕೊದಿಪ), ಮೆಚ್ಚುವ, ಪೂಜುವ '''प्रेमपात्र''' -- beloved one, precious, darling -- ಕುಶಿ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ '''प्रेमभाव''' -- emotion of love, passion of love, feeling of love -- ಏರಕೊದಿ '''प्रेमलीला''' -- romance, exoticism, fanciful invention -- ಕೊಣಿಕಳಿ '''प्रेमालाप''' -- love talk, desirable talk, affectionate talk -- ಕೊದಿರ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''प्रेय''' -- loved, beloved, sweet -- ಪ್ರೀತಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ, ಕೊದ್‌ಚ '''प्रेरण''' -- inspiration, stimulus, incitement -- ಪ್ರೇರಣೆ, ಸ್ಫೂರ್ತಿ '''प्रेरणा''' -- inspiration, stimulant -- ಪ್ರೇರಣೆ, ಸ್ಫೂರ್ತಿ '''प्रेषक''' -- sender -- ಅಯಿಚಂವ '''प्रेषण''' -- remittance, responsibility, guidelines -- ಪಣ ಕೆಟ್ಟುವ '''प्रेस''' -- press -- ಅಚ್ಚ್‌ಮಾಡುವ ಜಾಗ '''प्रोत्साहित''' -- encouraged, praise, support -- ಧೈರ್ಯ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ, ಪೊಗಳುವ '''प्रोनोट''' -- pronote, declaration, affidavit -- ಪಣಕೊಡ್‌ತಾಂಗ್ ಎಳ್‌ದ್ ಚಿಟ್ಟವ (ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಪತ್ರ) '''प्रौढ़''' -- mature, grown, adult -- ಬೊಳಂದದ್ '''प्लावन''' -- floating, drift on the surface of a liquid -- ತೇಲುವ '''प्लास्टर''' -- plaster, bandage -- ಗಾಯಕ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟುವ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''प्लेग''' -- plague, epidemic disease -- ಪ್ಲೇಗ್, ಅಂಟು ರೋಗ '''प्लेट''' -- plate -- ತಳಿಯ '''प्लेटफार्म''' -- platform -- ಎತ್ತರತ ಜಾಗ '''प्लैटिनम''' -- platinum, a metal -- ಪ್ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನಮ್,ಲೋಹ '''फ''' -- the second letter of the fifth pentad of the (पवर्ग) Devanagari alphabet -- ಪವರ್ಗತ್‌ರ ದಂಡನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''फक''' -- pale, anaemic, white -- ಚೋರೆ ಇಲ್ಲತನ್ನಕೆ '''फ़क़त''' -- only, alone, simply -- ಒಬ್ಬನೆ, ಒಂದೇ '''फंकी''' -- quantity chucked into the mouth in one lot -- ಓರ್‌ಬಾತ, ಓರ್‌ಚುತ್ತೆ '''फकीर''' -- saint, hermit, recluse -- ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ '''फकीरी''' -- poverty, indigence, mendacity -- ಗರೀಬತನ '''फक्कड़''' -- carefree, indigence, wangle -- ನಿಗ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''फ़खू''' -- pride, to be proud, vanity -- ಬಡಾಯಿ '''फ़जल''' -- grace, favour, kindness -- ದಯ '''फ़जीहत''' -- insult, disgrace, embarrassment -- ಮಾನಕೇಡ್ '''फ़जूल''' -- useless, worthless, futile -- ಒಂದಾಂಗು ಬೋಂಡತ, ಏತುಕೂ ಬೋಂಡತ '''फट''' -- immediate, sudden, unforeseen -- ಅಕ್ಕಲೆ, ಒಮ್ಮಕೆ '''फटकना''' -- to shake off, to knock off, to winnow -- ಕುಲುಕುವ '''फटन''' -- a rupture, rip, fissure -- ವಿರೋಧ ಬಪ್ಪ, ಒಡಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪ '''फटना''' -- to be torn, to be split, to burst -- ಕೀತುವ '''फटा''' -- torn, rend, rip -- (ಕೀತ್‌ನ) ಕೀತ್‌ನ '''फटीचर''' -- shabbily dressed, putting onto heel, tattered clothes -- ತಾರಾಮಾರ ಪೊರಪಾಡ್ '''फड़''' -- a gambling party -- ಜೂಜ್‌ಕಾರಡ ಗು೦ಪ್ '''फंड''' -- fund, capital, amount -- ಬಂಡವಾಳ '''फड़क''' -- pulsation, palpitation, throbbing -- ನೆರುಬಡಿಪ '''फडीरोजा''' -- violet blue gem, an amethyst -- ಕರ್ಪುನೀಲಿ ರಂಗ್‌ರ ಕಲ್ಲ್ '''फण''' -- the hood of a snake -- ಪಾಂಬ್‌ರ ಜಡೆ '''फणी''' -- a snake, serpent, a wily person -- ಪಾಂಬ್ '''फतह''' -- a victory, triumph, conquest -- ಗೆಲು '''फतिगा''' -- an insect, a moth -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಪುಳು, ಕ್ರಿಮಿ '''फंदा''' -- trap, to be entrapped, implicated -- ಬೋನ್ '''फ़न''' -- an art, craft, skill -- ಕಲೆ '''फ़ना''' -- died, expired, ruined -- ಚತ್ತದ್ '''फबत''' -- suitability, proper, befitting -- ಸೆರಿಯಾಪದ್ '''फबना''' -- to befit, to become, to suit -- ಸೆರಿಹೊಂದುವದ್, ಸೆರಿಯಾಪದ್ '''फरचा''' -- clean, pure, undefiled -- ಮನಾರ, ನಲ್ಲ '''फ़रमा''' -- a format, form, outline -- ಅರ್ಜಿ ಫಾರಂ '''फरमाइश''' -- an imperative request, supplicate, an order -- ಅಗತ್ಯವಾನ ಬೋಡಿಕೆ '''फ़रमाइशी''' -- made to order, requested, on specific request -- ಅಧಿಕಾರ ಮಾಡುವ '''फ़रमान''' -- a royal edict, command decree -- ರಾಜಾಜ್ಞೆ '''फ़रमाना''' -- to speak out, to order, to command -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರಿವ, ಎಣ್ಣಿರುವ '''फ़रमाबरदार''' -- obedient, submissive, pliant -- ವಿಧೇಯ, ಬಗ್ಗಿ ನಡ್‌ಪಂವ '''फ़रलाँग''' -- a furlong, a unit of distance, equal to 220 yards -- ಓರ್ ಫರ್ಲಾಂಗ್ (ದೂರ) '''फ़रवरी''' -- month of February -- ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ ತಿಂಗ '''फरहरा''' -- a banner, flag, stamp -- ಓಜ, ಬಾವುಟ '''फ़रहाद''' -- a love lorn person, a legendary hero of the love lore of Shiri-Farhad -- ಕೊದಿರ '''फ़राख़दिल''' -- open hearted, liberal, bounteous -- ತೊರಂದಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ರ, ದುಃಖತ್ ಕೆಣ್ಂಜವ '''फ़रागत''' -- riddance, carefree, relieved -- ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡೆ, ಪೊರಟ್ ಪೋಪ. '''फ़रार''' -- absconding, fugitive, decamp -- ಕಾಣತಾಪ, ತಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟಂಡ್ '''फ़रियाद''' -- a petition, a complaint, supplication -- ಅರ್ಜಿ '''फ़रिश्ता''' -- an angel, a divine messenger -- ದೇವತೆ '''फ़रेब''' -- fraud, duplicity, deception -- ಮೋಸ, ದಗಾ '''फ़र्क''' -- difference, distinction, distance -- ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ '''फ़र्ज''' -- duty, obligation, business -- ಪಣಿ '''फ़र्जी''' -- duplication, replica, reproduction -- ನಕಲ್ '''फ़र्द''' -- a list, catalogue, charge sheet -- ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''फर्दन-फर्दन''' -- individually, singly, one at a time -- ಒಬ್ಬನಾಯಿತ್ '''फ़र्नीचर''' -- furniture, movable, articles, domestic items -- ಕುರ್ಚಿ ಮೇಜಿನಂತದ್ '''फ़र्म''' -- a firm, hard, solid -- ಗಟ್ಟಿ '''फ़र्श''' -- floor, flooring, carpet -- ನೆಲ '''फ़र्शश''' -- a sweeper, a menial worker, the work of a sweep -- ಒಡ್‌ಕುವಂವ '''फल''' -- a fruit, reward, return -- ಪಣ್ಣ್, ನ್ಠೆಪುರ ಫಲ '''फलक''' -- sky, heaven, celestial heaven -- ಬಾಣ (ಆಕಾಶ) '''फलक''' -- face, blade, a board -- ಮೂಡ್ '''फलना''' -- to bear fruit, to be fruitful, to be prosperous -- ಪಣ್ಣಾಪ, ಫಲತಪ್ಪ '''फलागम''' -- a agreement of result, conclusion, eventuate -- ಒಪ್ಪಂದ, ಒಪ್ಪಾಚಾರ '''फलापेक्षी''' -- who awaits or hankers after the results of his deeds or actions, expectant of results -- ಪಾರ ಕಾಪಂವ '''फलाहार''' -- fruitarian diet -- ಪಲಾರ '''फलित''' -- resulted, fructified, fulfilled -- ಫಲಕ್‌ಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್ '''फलितार्य''' -- essence, essential meaning, core -- ರಸ '''फलीभूत''' -- fructified, resulted in success -- ಪಣ್ಣ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''फँसना''' -- to be entrapped, ensnared, baited -- ಪುಡಿಪ '''फ़सल''' -- दृढ़ : ड्द्धदृद्र, ण्ठ्ठद्धध्ड्ढद्मध,द्रद्धदृड्डद्वड़ड्ढ : -- ಬೊಳೆ, ಪಸಲ್ '''फ़सली''' -- seasonal, relating to the harvest, crop -- ಕಾಲಕ್ ಸೆರಿಯಾನದ್ '''फ़साद''' -- an altercation, a row, quarrel -- ಜಗಳ ಕಡ್‌ಪತಕ್ಕ್ '''फ़सादी''' -- rowdy, quarrel, unruly -- ಜಗಳಗಂಟ '''फँसाना''' -- to trap, ensnare, to trammel -- ಪುಡಿ '''फाइबर''' -- fibre -- ನಾರ್ '''फ़ाइल''' -- file, classify, label -- ಅಡ್‌ಕಿ ಬೆಚ್ಚ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ '''फ़ाका''' -- condition of being starved, starvation -- ಪಟ್ಟಣಿ (ಉಪವಾಸ) '''फ़ाख्ता''' -- dove -- ಪಾರಿವಾಳ '''फागुन''' -- last month of the Hindu Calendar -- (ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್) ಹಿಂದು ಕ್ಯಾಲೆಂಡರ್ ರ ಆಖೀರಿ ತಿಂಗ '''फाटक''' -- entrance gate -- ನುಗ್ಗುವ ಪಡಿ, ಉಬ್ಬಕಂಡಿ '''फ़ाडना''' -- to tear, splinter, to break -- ಕಣ್ಣೀರ್‌ಡುವ '''फाँद''' -- jump, leaping, skipping -- ಪಾರುವ '''फ़ायदा''' -- profit, gain, advantage -- ಲಾಭ '''फ़ायर''' -- दथ्रःढत्द्धड्ढः फ़्फैंफ -- ತಿತ್ತ್ '''फ़ारमूला''' -- formula, technical idea -- ಸೂತ್ರ, ನಿಯಮ '''फ़ारस''' -- Persia -- ಪರ್ಸಿಯಾ ದೇಶ '''फ़ारिग''' -- ठ्ठड्ड द्धड्ढढत्दड्ढड्ड, ढद्धड्ढड्ढड, free discharge -- ಸೋಸ್‌ನದ್ '''फ़ालतू''' -- useless, spare, extra -- ಒಂದಾಂಗೂ ಬೋಂಡತದ್ '''फ़ालिज''' -- paralysis, Inactivity, inability -- ಓರ್‌ಬರಿ ಬರತ '''फावड़ा''' -- spade, mattock, a tool for digging -- ಗುದ್ದಲಿ '''फ़ासला''' -- distance, space, gap -- ದೂರ '''फाँसी''' -- hanging, death by hanging, the act of hanging -- ತೂಂಗುವ, ಪಾಸಿ '''फ़िकश''' -- sentence, sarcasm, taunt -- ವಾಕ್ಯ, ಏರಾಮೆರ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''फिक्र''' -- anxiety, worry, care -- ನೆಟ್ಟಲ್ '''फ़िक्रमंद''' -- worried, anxious, indicating -- ಚಿಂತೆ, ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವ, ಬೇರಗೊಂಡಂವ '''फ़िट''' -- fit, suitable, apt -- ಸೆರಿಯಾನ '''फ़ितरत''' -- disposition, nature, willingness -- ಪಾಲ್‌ಡ್‌ವ ಏರ್ಪಾಡ್ '''फ़ितरती''' -- mischievous, cunning, wily -- ಕೇಡ್‌ಕಂಡೆ, ಕೆಟ್ಟಂವ '''फिदवी''' -- loyal, devoted, obedient -- ಬಗ್ಗಿ ನಡಪಂವ, ನಂಬಿಕಸ್ತ '''फ़िनाइल''' -- phenyl -- ಪೆನಾಯಿಲ್ '''फिर''' -- again, then, thereafter -- ಪುನ, ಆದ್ಯ, ಪಿಂಞ '''फिरकी''' -- reel, spool, frame -- ಉಂಡೆ, ನೂಲುಂಡೆ '''फिरंट''' -- opposed, angry, at cross purposes -- ವಿರೋಧ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ '''फिरना''' -- to go back, to return, to revolve -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ಪೋಪ '''फ़िलहाल''' -- now, at present, for the time being -- ಇಕ್ಕ '''फिलासफी''' -- philosophy, divine knowledge -- ತತ್ವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''फ़िल्म''' -- film, cinema, movie -- ಸಿನೆಮಾ '''फिसलना''' -- to slip, to skid, slither -- ಜಾರುವ '''फ़ी''' -- each, every -- ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದ್ '''फीका''' -- tasteless, insipid, vapid -- ರಸ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''फ़ीता''' -- tape, a lace, strap -- ಟೆಪು (ಅಳತೆ ಎಡ್‌ಪ ಪಟ್ಟಿ) '''फ़ील''' -- an elephant, a piece in the game of chess -- ಆನೆ '''फ़ीस''' -- fee -- ಪೀಸ್ '''फुँकना''' -- a blow tube, a blow pipe -- ಕೊಳಪೆ '''फुँकार''' -- hissing sound -- ತುಂಯಿಪ ಸದ್ದ್ '''फुटकर''' -- retail, miscellaneous, connected with -- ಚಿಲ್ಲರೆ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ '''फुटपाथ''' -- footpath, footway -- ಕಾಲ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''फ़ुटबाल''' -- football -- ಕಾಲ್‌ಚೆಂಡ್ '''फुडिया''' -- pimple, smallish boil -- ಕಾಳೆತೋರಿ, ಚೆರಿಯ ಪುಣ್ಣ್ '''फुफेरा''' -- father's sister -- ಮಾಂವಿ, ತಮ್ಮಾಂವಿ '''फुफ्फुस''' -- lung, respiratory track -- ಶ್ವಾಸಕೋಶ '''फुरतीला''' -- prompt, instigate, impel -- ಸತ್ಯವಾನ '''फुर्सत''' -- leisure, spare time, free time -- ಬುಡ್‌ನೇರ '''फुलका''' -- thin bread -- ತಳ್ಳನೆ ಒಟ್ಟಿ '''फुलवारी''' -- flower garden -- ಪೂತೋಟ '''फुलाव''' -- inflation, swelling, to puff up -- ಪುಡ್‌ಪ್ ಉಬ್ಬುವ '''फुलेल''' -- scented oil -- ಗಮನ ಎಣ್ಣೆ '''फुंसी''' -- a small boil, whelk, pimple -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಪುಣ್ಣ್, ಕಜ್ಜಿ '''फूँक''' -- whiff, puff, blowing -- ಉರ್‌ಪುವ '''फूट''' -- dissension, disunity, discord -- ಒಡಕ್ ವಿರೋಧ '''फूटना''' -- to break, to be broken, to crack -- ಒಡ್‌ಪ '''फूटा''' -- broken, cracked, burst -- ಒಡಂದದ್ '''फूफी''' -- father's sister -- ತಮ್ಮಾಂವಿ '''फूल''' -- flower -- ಪೂ '''फूल-माला''' -- flower garland -- ಪೂಮಾಲೆ '''फूलना''' -- to flower, to bloom, to blossom -- ಪೂಆಪ, ಪೂಪ '''फूस''' -- hay, staw, grass -- ಒಣಕ್ ಪಿಲ್ಲ್ '''फूहड़''' -- coarse grained, unmannerly -- ತರಿಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''फेंकना''' -- to throw, to cast, to hurl -- ಕನಿಪ, ಚಾಡುವ '''फेनिल''' -- foamy, frothy, full of lather -- ನೊರೆ '''फेर''' -- a detour, turn, complication -- ಬಳಸ್ ಮಾರ್ಗ '''फेरना''' -- to turn, to return, to overt -- ತಿರುವ '''फेरा''' -- going round, coming and going back -- ಸುತ್ತುವ '''फेरी''' -- round, going, hawking -- ಸುತ್ತು '''फैंकट्री''' -- factory, machinery, productive wing -- ಕಾರ್ಖಾನೆ '''फ़ैयाज''' -- liberal, generous, bountiful -- ಉದಾರ '''फैलना''' -- to spread, to be diffused, to expand -- ಪರಟುವ, ಪರತುವ '''फैलाव''' -- expansion, expanse, span -- ಅಗಲಾಪ '''फ़ैशन''' -- fashion, model, social culture -- ಶೋಕಿ '''फ़ैसला''' -- judgement, decision, settlement -- ತ್ರ್ಮಾನ '''फ़ैंसी''' -- fancy, cosmetics, fashionable -- ಶೋಕಿರ '''फोकट''' -- without any substance -- ಅರ್ಥ ಇಲ್ಲತ, ವಿಷಯ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''फ़ोटो''' -- photo -- ಪೊಟ '''फोड़ना''' -- to break, to burst, to split -- ಒಡ್‌ಪ '''फ़ोता''' -- testicle, testis -- ಮುಟ್ಟೆ '''फ़ोन''' -- phone, telephone -- ಫೋನ್ '''फ़ौज''' -- army, defense, military -- ಪಡೆ '''फ़ौजदारी''' -- criminal breach of peace, a penal offence, criminal -- ಶಾಂತಿಭಂಗ '''फ़ौजी''' -- army, martial, a soldier -- ಪಡೆ '''फ़ौरन''' -- immediately, instantly, at once -- ಅಕ್ಕೆನ್ನೆ, ಕೂಡೆನ್ನೆ '''फ़ौलादी''' -- made of or pertaining to steel, strong, stout -- ಉಕ್ಕ್‌ಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''फ़्राक''' -- frock -- ಗೌನ್ '''फ़्रेम''' -- frame -- ಚೌಕಟ್ಟ್ '''फ्रेमदार''' -- framed -- ಚೌಕಟ್ಟ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್ '''ब''' -- third of the bilabial pentad of consonants of the nagari alphabet -- ಪವರ್ಗತ್‌ರ ಮೂಂದನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''बंक''' -- curved, bent, bowed -- ಬಗ್ಗ್‌ನದ್ '''बकझक''' -- babbling, gabble, angry prattling -- ಪಿರಾಂದ್‌ತಕ್ಕ್, ಗಲಾಟೆ '''बकतर''' -- armour, defensive covering, protective dress -- ಯುದ್ಧ ಕವಚ '''बकना''' -- to jabber, gabble, chatter rapidly -- ಹರಟೆ ಪರಿ, ಬೋಂಡತದ್‌ಪರಿವ '''बकबक''' -- prattle -- ಗೊಣಗುವ, ಹರಟೆ '''बकरा''' -- he goat -- ಆಣ್ ಆಡ್ '''बकरीद''' -- Muslim festival -- ಮುಸಲ್ಮಾನಡನಮ್ಮೆ '''बकवाद''' -- twaddle, gabble, jabbering -- ಬೋಳ್‌ಪಂಚಾತಿಗೆ, ಹರಟೆತಕ್ಕ್ '''बकस''' -- a box -- ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ '''बक़ाया''' -- arrears, balance, remaining -- ಬಾಕಿಯಾನದ್ '''बंकिमा''' -- bend, flexure, curvature -- ಬಗ್ಗ್ '''बक़ोल''' -- as stated by, as said by -- ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ನೆನ್ನಕೆ, ಪರಂದನ್ನಕೆ '''बखान''' -- description, condition, praise -- ವರ್ಣನೆ '''बख़ुद''' -- by oneself -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಡೊಟ್ಟ್‌ಕ್ '''बखूबी''' -- beautifully, comely, seemly -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್, ಬೋಜತ್‌ಲ್ '''बखेड़ा''' -- complication, mess, row -- ಜಿಕ್ಕ್‌ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್, ನೆಜ್ಜಂಡದ್ '''बख़्शाना''' -- to forgive, to pardon, to excuse -- ಮಾಪ್‌ಮಾಡ್ '''बग़ल''' -- side, bank -- ಬರಿ '''बंगला''' -- Bengali language -- ಬಂಗಾಳಿ ಭಾಷೆ '''बगला-भगन''' -- hypocrite, deceiver, dissembler -- ಮೋಸಗಾರ '''बगिया''' -- small garden -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಪೂತೋಟ '''बग़ैर''' -- without, not with, with no -- ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''बचत''' -- saving, redemptory, restoring -- ಬಾಕಿಯಾನದ್, ಮಿಂಜ್‌ನದ್ '''बचत खाता''' -- savings account -- ಉಳಿತಾಯ ಖಾತೆ '''बचत योजना''' -- savings scheme -- ಉಳಿತಾಯ ಯೋಜನೆ '''बचना''' -- to save, to escape, to recover -- ಉಳ್‌ತಿಯವ, ತಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟವ '''बचपन''' -- childhood, youth, boy hood -- ಬಾಲ್ಯ, ಕುಂಞಿ ಕಾಲ '''बच्चा''' -- child, kid, infant -- ಕುಂಞಿ '''बच्ची''' -- female child, small girl, female kid -- ಮೂಡಿ ಕುಂಞೆ '''बजट''' -- budget -- ಆದಾಯಖರ್ಚಿರ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''बजना''' -- to ring, as a bell, resound -- ಗಂಟೆಪೊಯ್ಯ್ '''बंजर''' -- barren, unprolific, infertile -- ಪಡ್ ಬುದ್ದ '''बजरंग''' -- Hanuman, Hindu god -- ಹನುಮಂತ '''बजरिया''' -- dim, not bright, indistinct -- ಮಂಗ್‌ನದ್ '''बजरी''' -- gravel, small stones, coarse sand -- ಪರಕಲ್ಲ್ '''बजवाई''' -- remuneration, reward, payment -- ಪ್ರತಿಫಲ '''बजा''' -- right, proper, correct -- ಸೆರಿಯಾನದ್ '''बज़ाज''' -- cloth merchant -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿ '''बजाना''' -- to play -- ಕಳಿ, ವಾಲಗ ಉರುಪುವ '''बजाय''' -- in place of, instead -- ಬದ್‌ಲ್‌ಕ್ '''बंजारा''' -- nomad, itinerant, wanderer -- ತಿರ್‌ಗುವಂವ '''बझाऊ''' -- entangling, twisting, snare -- ಕೆಣಿಪನ್ನತದ್ '''बझाना''' -- entangle, bewilder, to entrap -- ಕೆಣಿಪ '''बटन''' -- button -- ಕೊಂಡಿ '''बँटना''' -- to be shared, to be divided, separated -- ಪಾಲ್ ಮಾಡುವ ಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''बँटवारा''' -- distribution, dispense, apportion -- ಪಾಲ್‌ಡುವ '''बटाई''' -- sharing of crop -- ಫಸಲ್‌ನ ಪಾಲ್‌ಟ್ಟವ '''बटाऊ''' -- traveller, passenger, tourist -- ತಿರ್‌ಗುವಂವ, ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಕ '''बटाटा''' -- potato -- ಇಲಾತಿಕಂಡೆ '''बटिया''' -- small, dilute, mini -- ಚೆರಿಯದ್ '''बटुआ''' -- money purse, cash case -- ಪಣಚೀಲೆ, ಉರ್‌ಪೆ '''बटेरबाजी''' -- rearing of quails -- ಪೋಡಿ ಬೊಳತಿಯವ '''बट्टा''' -- a piece of stone -- ಕಲ್ಲ್ ಚೂರ್ '''बट्वारा''' -- division, allotment, bisection -- ಪಾಲ್, ಭಾಗ '''बड़प्पन''' -- the state of being older -- ಬಯತಾನ '''बड़भागी''' -- lucky, fortune, chance -- ಅದೃಷ್ಟವಂತ '''बड़वनाल''' -- marine fire, fire in the sea, depression in the sea -- ಸಮುದ್ರತ್‌ಲ್ ತಿತ್ತ್ '''बड़ा''' -- large, big, huge -- ಬಲ್ಯ '''बंडा''' -- tail less -- ಬಾಲಿಲ್ಲತ '''बड़ाई''' -- greatness, importance, prominence -- ಬಲ್ಯರಿಕೆ '''बढ़ती''' -- increase, add to, develop -- ಏರುವ, ಜಾಸ್ತಿಯಾಪ '''बढ़ना''' -- to grow, develop naturally, progress -- ಬೊಳಿಯುವ '''बढ़ा-चढ़ा''' -- surpassing, outdo -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್‌ಡ್, ಮುಂದ್ '''बढ़ाना''' -- to increase, build up, enhance -- ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಮಾಡ್, ಏರ್‌ಚಿಡ್ '''बढ़ाव''' -- consideration, incentive, bait, cause -- ಗೇನ, ವಿಚಾರ '''बढ़िया''' -- good, very good, admirable -- ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''बढ़ोत्तरी''' -- rise, enlargement, bonus, gradual increment -- ಏವ, ಬೊಳಿವ '''बतक्क़ड़''' -- talkative, chatty, effusive -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕಾರ '''बतरस''' -- relish, appreciate -- ಚೋದ್, ರಸ '''बताना''' -- to tell, to acquaint, to apprise -- ಎಣ್ಣ್ '''बतौर''' -- like, just like, adore -- ಅನ್ನನೆ '''बत्ती''' -- wick -- ತಿರಿ '''बत्तीस''' -- thirty two -- ನುಪ್ಪತ್ತದಂಡ್ '''बथुआ''' -- a leafy vegetable -- ತೊಪ್ಪ್ ತರಕಾರಿ '''बद''' -- bad, adverse, ailing, base -- ಪಾಳ್, ವಿರೋಧ ಆನದ್ '''बंद''' -- close, shut, prohibit -- ಮುಚ್ಚ್‌ನ '''बदइंतजामी''' -- mismanagement, misappropriation -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ಕೊರೊಕಾರಿಕೆ '''बदकिस्मत''' -- bad luck, wrong fate, misfortune -- ಪಾಳ್ ನಸೀಪ್ '''बंदगी''' -- salvation, homage, prayer -- ಪರಿಹಾರ '''बदजबान''' -- evil tongued -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ನಾವುರ '''बदजात''' -- wicked, wrong, unhealthy -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ, ದುಷ್ಟ '''बदतमीज''' -- rude, unmannerly, abrupt -- ಒರಟ, ನಲ್ಲರಿಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''बदतर''' -- worse, bad, injurious -- ಪಾಳ್ '''बददुआ''' -- curse, affliction, ban -- ಶಾಪ '''बदन''' -- body, physique -- ತಡಿ '''बदनाम''' -- defamed, dishonour by slander or rumour, speak ill of -- ಕೆಟ್ಟಪೆದಎಡ್‌ತ '''बदबू''' -- bad smell, unpleasant, unhealthy -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ವಾಸನೆ, ಪಾಳ್‌ನಾತ '''बदमाश''' -- rascal, scoundrel, disgrace -- ನೀಚ, ಲುಚ್ಚ '''बदमिजाजी''' -- short temper -- ಮುಂಜೆಡಿಕಾರ '''बंदर''' -- monkey -- ಕೋಡ '''बदरंग''' -- faded colour -- ಮಂಗ್‌ನ ರಂಗ್ '''बंदरगाह''' -- anchorage, port, harbour -- ಬಂದರ್ '''बंदरिया''' -- female monkey -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಕೋಡ '''बदल''' -- change, alter, alternate -- ಬದಲ್ '''बदला''' -- revenge, retaliation, indication -- ಪಗೆತ್ಪ '''बदलाव''' -- replacement, substitution, re-establish -- ಬದ್‌ಲ್‌ಕ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''बदली''' -- cloudiness, darkness, gloom -- ಮುಕ್ಕ್‌ಲ್, ಮೋಡ, ಇರ್‌ಟ್ '''बदशकल''' -- ugly, unpleasant, worst -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ಲತ, ಕುರೂಪಿ '''बदसूरत''' -- ugly face, bad, crippled face -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ಲತ ಮೂಡ್ '''बदस्तर''' -- as usual, convention, constant -- ಮಾಮೂಲೆನ್ನಕೆ '''बंदा''' -- human being, slave, servant -- ಮನುಷ್ಯ, ಮಾನವ, ಮಾಲವ '''बंदा-परवर''' -- protector of the little people -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಜನಳ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''बंदिश''' -- restriction, prohibition, forbidden -- ಮಿತಿ '''बंदी''' -- prisoner, culprit -- ಕೈದಿ '''बंदीखाना''' -- prison, jail -- ಜೈಲ್ '''बंदूक''' -- gun, weapon -- ತೋಕ್ '''बंदूकधारी''' -- gunman, guard, security man -- ತೋಕ್‌ಕಾರ, ಪಾರಕಾರ '''बंदोबस्त''' -- arrangement, final settlement -- ಏರ್ಪಾಡ್ '''बद्ध''' -- bound, beholder, cased -- ಮಿತಿರೊಳ್‌ಲ್ '''बद्धकोष्ठ''' -- constipation, disorder of stomach, difficult in emptying the bowels -- ಕೆಲಕೆಟ್ಟಿಯವ '''बंध''' -- a bond, tie, fetters -- ಚಂಙೋಲೆ, ಕರಾರ್ ಪತ್ರ '''बंधक''' -- mortgage, a pawn, a deposit -- ಅಡುಬೆಪ್ಪ, ಅಡಬೆಪ್ಪ '''बंधन''' -- tie, link, lock -- ಕೆಟ್ಟುವ '''बँधना''' -- to be tied, knit, lock -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ವ ಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''बधाई''' -- congratulation, felicitate, good fortune -- ಅಭಿನಂದನೆ '''बंधान''' -- stipulation, embankment, tradition -- ಕರಾರ್ '''बधिर''' -- deaf, unwilling to hear, without hearing -- ಚವುಡ '''बंधुभाव''' -- kinship -- ಬೆಂದೂರ್ತ '''बंध्य''' -- unfruitful, sterile -- ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''बंध्यत्व''' -- sterility, unfruitful, fruitless -- ಗೊಡ್ಡಿತನ, ಫಲ ಬರತದ್ '''बन''' -- forest, conservative -- ಕಾಡ್, ಬಾಂಗಾಡ್ '''बनमानूष''' -- chimpanzee -- ಚಿಂಪಾಂಜಿ (ಕಾಡ್‌ಮನ್‌ಸ) '''बना-बनाया''' -- readymade, instantly, quickly -- ಮಾಡಿಚಿಟ್ಟದ್, ಮಾಡಿಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''बनाना''' -- to make, to accomplish, to acquire -- ಮಾಡ್ '''बनैला''' -- wild, barbarous, choppy -- ಕಾಡ್, ಅನಾಗರಿಕ '''बपौती''' -- heritage, bequest, birthright -- ಪಿತ್ರಾರ್ಜಿತ '''बबर''' -- lion -- ಸಿಂಹ '''बंबा''' -- water pipe, a hydrant, nozzle -- ನೀರ್‌ರ ಪೈಪ್ '''बम''' -- bomb, explosive, grenade -- ಬಾಂಬು '''बमचख़''' -- brawl, loud exchanges -- ಬೀದಿ ರಂಪ, ಜಗಳ '''बयान''' -- statement, communication, declaration -- ಒಕ್ಕಣೆ, ಹೇಳಿಕೆ '''बयानामा''' -- sale deed -- ಕರಾರ್ '''बयार''' -- breeze, cold wind -- ತಂಗಾತ್ '''बरकत''' -- grace, benevolence, blessing -- ಆಶೀರ್ವಾದ '''बरखास्त''' -- dismissed, banish, bounce -- ತ್ಂದದ್ '''बरखी''' -- first death anniversary -- ಚತ್ತಿತ್ ಓರಾಂಡ್‌ಕಯಿಂಜ ದಿನ '''बरज़ोर''' -- strong, brave, bold -- ಬಲವಾನ, ಧೈರ್ಯಗಾರ '''बरतन''' -- vessel, utensil -- ಪಾತ್ರೆ '''बरताव''' -- treatment, behaviour, action -- ಆರೇಕಿ '''बरबाद''' -- ruined, collapse, crash -- ನಾಶ ಆನದ್ '''बरस''' -- year, annual, annum -- ಕಾಲ '''बरसगाँठ''' -- birth anniversary, annual, birthday -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನ ದಿನತ್‌ರನಮ್ಮೆ '''बरसना''' -- to rain, down pour, fall -- ಮಳೆ ಪೊಯಿ '''बरसात''' -- rainy season, to shower, fall -- ಮಳೆಗಾಲ '''बरसाती''' -- rainy, mizzle, drizzle -- ಮಳೆಉಳ್ಳ '''बरात''' -- marriage procession, marriage party -- ಮಂಗಲಾಡಿ ಪೋಪ '''बराती''' -- belonging to marriage party -- ಮಂಗಲ ಪೋಪಯಿಂಡ ಸಾಮಾನ '''बराबर''' -- equal, all most equal, level -- ಸರಿಸಮ '''बराबरी''' -- equality, parity, rivalry -- ಸಮಾನತೆ '''बरामद''' -- seized, recovered, exposed -- ಬಲ್‌ಚಂಡದ್ '''बरौनी''' -- eye lashes, blow, quirt -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕುಯಿಬು '''बर्थ''' -- seat, berth, accommodation -- ಅಳಪಜಾಗ, ಸೀಟ್ '''बर्दाश्त''' -- power of endurance, withstand, allow -- ಸಹಿಸುವ ಶಕ್ತಿ '''ब़र्फ''' -- snow, ice, frozen -- ಮಂಜಿ '''बल''' -- force, strength, power -- ಬಲ '''बलवंर्धक''' -- tonic -- ಟಾನಿಕ್ (ಬಲಕೂಟುವ ಮದ್ದ್) '''बलवान्''' -- forceful, effective, powerful, energetic -- ಬಲವಾನ, ಗಟ್ಟಿಮುಟ್ಟಾನ '''बलशाली''' -- powerful, potent -- ಬಲವುಳ್ಳ '''बलहीन''' -- powerless, impotent, ineffective -- ಬಲ ಇಲ್ಲತ, ತೋಯ '''बलाघात''' -- emphasis, stress on words, vigour of speech -- ಒತ್ತಿ ಪರಿವ '''बलात्कार''' -- rape, violate, ugly behaviour with female -- ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್‌ನ ಪುಡಿಪ '''बलि''' -- sacrifice, act of giving up, offerings -- ಬಲಿಕೊಡ್‌ಪ, ಅತ್ಯಾಚಾರ '''बलिष्ट''' -- strong, competent, distinct -- ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾನ '''बलीवर्द''' -- ox, bull, male of cattle -- ಎತ್ತ್, ಗೂಳಿ '''बलूत''' -- oak -- ?ಓಕ್? ಮರ '''बल्कि''' -- but, rather, some extent -- ಆಚೆಂಗಿ '''बल्ब''' -- bulb -- ಮೋಡ್, ಮೊಗ್ಗ್ '''बल्लेबाज''' -- batsman -- ಬ್ಯಾಟ್ ಪುಡಿಪಂವ '''बवंडर''' -- cyclone, natural calamity, a circular storm -- ಬಲ್ಯಕಾತ್, ಸುಳಿಕಾತ್ '''बवासीर''' -- piles, tumours of veins of rectum, haemorrhoids -- ಗೂದೆ ಕಾಯಿಲ '''बशर्ते''' -- that, only if -- ಅದ್ '''बस''' -- sufficient, enough, adequate -- ಬೋಂಡಿಯಚ್ಚಕ್ '''बसंत''' -- spring, beginning, cause -- ಪಾರುವ, ತುಳ್ಳಿ ಪಾರುವ, ಜಲ, ವಸಂತ ಋತು ಎಡಮ್ಯಾರ್ '''बसना''' -- to stay, abide, allay -- ನಿಲ್ಲ್ '''बसर''' -- passing, approach, feint -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಪೋಪ '''बँसवाडा''' -- bamboo market -- ಪುಂಡತ್‌ರ ಚತ್ತೆ '''बंसी''' -- flute, music -- ಪಾಂಗೊಳ '''बसेरा''' -- short stay, temporary accommodation, hut -- ಚೆನ್ನನೇರನಿಪ್ಪ '''बस्ता''' -- bag, school bag -- ಚೀಲ '''बस्ती''' -- city, habitation, dwelling -- ಪಟ್ಟಣ '''बहत्तर''' -- seventy two -- ಎಳವತದಂಡ್ '''बहन''' -- sister -- ಅಕ್ಕ, ತಂಗೆ '''बहना''' -- to flow, move easily, glide along as a stream -- ಒಕ್ಕುವ '''बहनेली''' -- adopted sister -- ದತ್ತ್‌ಎಡ್‌ತಂಡ ಅಕ್ಕ ಅಥವಾ ತಂಗೆ '''बहरा''' -- deaf, unable to hear, unwilling hear -- ಚವುಡ '''बहलाना''' -- to amuse, to absorb, to recreate -- ಕುಸಿಪಡತ್ '''बहस''' -- discussion, debate, argumentation -- ಚರ್ಚೆ '''बहादुर''' -- brave, bold, courageous -- ಧೈರ್ಯವಂತ '''बहाना''' -- pretence, pretext, an excuse -- ನೆವನ '''बहानेबाज''' -- who is given to making excuses, pretender -- ನೆವನ ಕಳಿಪಂವ '''बहार''' -- spring, bloom, merriment -- ಪಾರುವ, ಜಲಪುಟ್ಟಿತ್‌ಪಾರುವ '''बहाव''' -- to flow, flush, flux -- ಪರಿ, ಒಕ್ಕುವ '''बहिरंग''' -- external, alien, apparent -- ಪೊರಮೆತ '''बहिर्गत''' -- outward, alleged, apparent -- ಪೊರಮೆತದ್ '''बहिर्गमन''' -- going out, cast out, drive out -- ಪೊರಮೆಪೋಪ '''बहिर्जगत''' -- outside world, exile, exclude the world -- ಪ್ರಪಂಚತ್‌ರ ಪೊರಮೆ, ಪೊರದೇಶ '''बहिर्मुखी''' -- one whose mind is turned outward, extrovert, away from himself, outward -- ಎಲ್ಲಿಯೊ ಗೇನ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ '''बहिष्करण''' -- boycotting, refusal, refuse to deal with -- ತಿರಸ್ಕಾರ ಮಾಡುವ, ಪೊರಂಬಡಿ '''बही''' -- enter in the account bank -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕತ್ ಎಳ್‌ದುವ '''बहीखाता''' -- account book -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಎಳ್‌ದುವ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''बहु''' -- many, numerous, large number -- ದುಂಬಾ, ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಇಲ್ಲತಚ್ಚಕ್ '''बहुत''' -- much, in quantity, large amount -- ಪೇರ್ತ್, ದುಂಬಾ '''बहुधा''' -- frequently, quite often, many times -- ಅಕ್ಕಕ್ಕ, ಮಾಣೆ '''बहुपतित्व''' -- polyandry, in which one woman has more than one husband -- ದುಂಬಾ ವಡಿಯಂಗ ಇಪ್ಪವು '''बहुपत्नीक''' -- polygamist, in which one man has more than one wife -- ದುಂಬ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್‌ಕೆಟ್ಟುವ '''बहुभाषी''' -- multi-linguist, polyglot, speaking many languages -- ಬಹುಭಾಷಾ '''बहुमत''' -- majority, the larger party voting together, great number -- ಬಹುಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ '''बहुमूल्य''' -- costly, high price, precious -- ದುಂಬಾ ಕ್ರಯತ್‌ರ '''बहुरूप''' -- multiform, multiple shape, many forms -- ತರಾವರಿ '''बहुल''' -- plentiful, sundry, numerous -- ದುಂಬಾ '''बहुवचन''' -- plural -- ಒಂದಾಂಗಿಂಜ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ (ಬಹುವಚನ) '''बहुसंख्याक''' -- numerous, multiple, sundry -- ದುಂಬಾ, ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಇಲ್ಲತಚ್ಚಕ್ '''बहू''' -- daughter in law -- ಮೈಮ '''बाइबिल''' -- the Bible, religious book of Christians -- ಬೈಬಲ್ '''बाइसिकिल''' -- bicycle, two wheel vehicle -- ಸೈಕಲ್ '''बाईजी''' -- prostitute, brothel, woman who hires herse lf for sexual intercourse -- ಚೂಳೆ '''बाउ''' -- an arm, limb, upper limb -- ಕೈ '''बाँए''' -- left hand side -- ಎಡತೆಬರಿ '''बाक़ी''' -- remaining, left over -- ಬಾಕಿಯಾನದ್ '''बाग''' -- a garden, park, ground for growing flowers -- ಪೂತೋಟ '''बाँग''' -- crowing of a cock, loud shout -- ಕೋಳಿಕೂತ್ '''बाँगडू''' -- uncivilized, dialect of haryana, backward -- ಅನಾಗರಿಕ '''बाग़ी''' -- rebel, revolting, mutineer -- ಜಗಳ '''बाग़ीचा''' -- a small garden -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಪೂತೋಟ '''बाघ''' -- a tiger -- ನರಿ '''बाघंबर''' -- tiger skin -- ನರಿರ ತೋಲ್ '''बाचा''' -- word, speech, pledge -- ಶಬ್ದ, ತಕ್ಕ್ '''बाज''' -- a hawk, falcon, small bird of prey -- ಕ್‌ರ್‌ಕೊಟ್ಟ '''बाजरा''' -- grain of an cereal plant, millet, pearl millet -- ಕುರು '''बाजा''' -- a musical instrument, band -- ಸಂಗೀತ ಉಪಕರಣ '''बाजार''' -- market, market place, shopping area -- ಚತ್ತೆ ಮಾಳ '''बाजारी''' -- vulgar, cheap, belonging to the market place -- ಹೊಲಸ್, ಪೇಟೆರ '''बाजारु''' -- cheap, vulgar, shameless -- ಕಮ್ಮಿ ತರತ್‌ರ, ಮಾನಂಗೆಟ್ಟ '''बाजी''' -- an elder sister -- ಅಕ್ಕಯ್ಯ '''बाज़ी''' -- a stake, wager -- ಗೂಟ '''बाजू''' -- arm, shoulder, branch -- ಕೈರಟ್ಟೆ '''बाँझ''' -- barren, unfertile, sterile -- ಪಡ್‌ಬುದ್ದಡ್ '''बाट''' -- path, way, course -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ನಡಪ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''बाँटना''' -- to distribute, allocate, allot -- ಪಾಲ್‌ಟ್ಟ್‌ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''बाड़''' -- a fence, hedge, boundary -- ಬೇಲಿ '''बांडल''' -- bundle, parcel, pack -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್, ಪೊರೆ '''बाड़ा''' -- an enclosure, a compound yard, corral -- ಅರ್ಜಿಕ್ ಕೂಟ್‌ನದ್, ಕೊಟ್ಟ್?ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''बाड़ी''' -- a small orchard -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಪಣ್ಣ್‌ತೋಟ '''बाढ़''' -- a flood, freshet, natural calamity -- ಪೊಳೆಬಪ್ಪ, ಬೊಳ್ಳ ಬಪ್ಪ '''बाण''' -- arrow, weapon -- ಬಾಣ '''बाणाभ्यास''' -- practice of archery -- ಬಿಲ್ಲ್ ಬುಡುವ ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ '''बात''' -- a thing, matter, fact -- ವಸ್ತು '''बातचीत''' -- talk, negotiations, conversation -- ತಕ್ಕ್, ತಕ್ಕ್?ಬಾಕ್ '''बातूनी''' -- too talkative, great talker, a chatter box -- ದುಂಬಾ ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕಾರ '''बाद''' -- after, later, subsequently -- ಪಿಂಞ '''बादल''' -- cloud, darkness, storm -- ಮೋಡ '''बादशाह''' -- a king, ruler, administrator -- ರಾಜ '''बादाम''' -- almond -- ಬಾದಾಮಿ '''बाँध''' -- dam, barrage, anisette -- ಕಟ್ಟೆ '''बाधक''' -- causing hindrance, obstruction -- ತೊಂದರೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''बाधन''' -- proscription, hindrance, obstruction -- ಪೊರಂಬಡಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''बाँधना''' -- to bind, astrict, attach -- ಕೆಟ್ಟುವ '''बाँधव''' -- fraternal relation, affinity, bearing -- ಅಪ್ಪಂಡಕಡೆಬೆಂದೂರ್ತ '''बाधा''' -- hindrance, impediment, barricade -- ಅಡ್ಡಿ ಮಾಡುವ '''बाधित''' -- restricted, prohibited, blockage -- ಮಿತಿಲ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''बाध्य''' -- obliged, compelled, forced -- ದಯಕಾಟ್ '''बान''' -- an arrow, weapon -- ಬಾಣ '''बानक''' -- guise, form, appearance -- ವೇಷ ಪೊರಪಾಡ್ '''बानगी''' -- a specimen, sample, fore taste -- ಮಾದರಿ '''बाप''' -- father, ancestor, genitor -- ಅಪ್ಪ '''बापुरा''' -- poor, indigent, insignificant -- ಗರೀಬ '''बाबत''' -- about, pertaining to, in respect of -- ಸುಮಾರ್, ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟ '''बाबा''' -- grand father, an old man, generant -- ಅಜ್ಜ '''बाँबी''' -- an ant hill -- ಪುತ್ತ್ '''बाम''' -- the roof, ceiling, top of the house -- ಪೊರೆ '''बायन''' -- present, gift, remuneration -- ಇನಾಂ '''बार''' -- time, turn, duration -- ನೇರ '''बार-बार''' -- again & again, another time, a new -- ಪುನಃ ಪುನಃ ಅಕ್ಕಕ್ಕ '''बारजा''' -- balcony -- ಕೈಯಾಲೆ '''बारदाना''' -- provision, comestibles, groceries -- ದಿನಸಿ ಸಾಮಾನ್ '''बारना''' -- to restrain, arrest, cohabit -- ತಡ್‌ಪ, ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''बारात''' -- wedding party -- ಮಂಗಲ ಕೂಟ '''बारिस''' -- rainfall, shower, downpour -- ಮಳೆ ಪೊಯ್ಯುವ '''बारी''' -- turn, adapt, appeal -- ತಿರುವ '''बारीक''' -- thin, fine, subtle -- ತಳ್ಳನೆ '''बारुद''' -- gun powder -- ತೋಕ್ ಮದ್ದ್, ಬೊಡಿಮದ್ದ್ '''बाल''' -- hair, young one -- ತಲ್‌ಮಿ '''बालक''' -- a boy, child, lad -- ಕ್‌ಣ್ಣ '''बालकपन''' -- boyhood, childhood, young -- ಬಾಲ್ಯ '''बालटू''' -- bolt -- ತಾಳ '''बालम''' -- darling, sweet lover -- ಕೊದಿಕಾರ '''बालरवि''' -- morning sun, sunrise -- ಉದಿಪ ಸೂರ್ಯ '''बालविधवा''' -- child widow -- ಬಾಲ್ಯ ವಿಧವೆ '''बाला''' -- an ear ornament, ear ring -- ಓಲೆ '''बालावस्था''' -- childhood, infancy, boyhood -- ಬಾಲ್ಯ, ಚೆರ್?ಪತ್ '''बालिका''' -- a young girl, female child -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಮೂಡಿ '''बालिग''' -- adult, major, aged -- ಬಲ್ಯಂವ '''बालिश्त''' -- a hand span, childish, juvenile -- ಮಕ್ಕಕಳಿ '''बालुका''' -- sand -- ಮಣ '''बालू''' -- sand -- ಮಣ '''बाल्टी''' -- bucket, pitcher, vessel -- ತೊಟ್ಟಿ '''बाल्य''' -- childhood, infant stage, primary stage -- ಬಾಲ್ಯ '''बावजूद''' -- inspite of -- ಆನಕಲೂ '''बावड़ी''' -- a deep well -- ಆಳತ್‌ರ ಕಣತೆರೆ '''बावन''' -- fifty two -- ಐಂಭತ್ತ ದಂಡ್ '''बावरची''' -- a cook, chef -- ಅಡಿಗೆಕಾರ '''बावला''' -- mad, crazy, excited -- ಪುಚ್ಚ, ಪಿರಾಂದ '''बावेला''' -- uproar, tumult, disturbance -- ಚೋರ್ ಅರ್‌ಪ '''बाशिदा''' -- a resident, dwell in, an inhabitant -- ನಿವಾಸಿ, ವಾಸ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ '''बाष्प''' -- steam, humid, vapour -- ಆವಿ '''बाष्पाकुल''' -- tearful, steaming, vapours -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ನೀರ್ ದುಂಬ್‌ನ '''बास''' -- smell, aroma, bouquet -- ವಾಸನೆ '''बाँस''' -- a bamboo, pole -- ಪುಂಡ '''बासठ''' -- sixty two -- ಅರುವತ್ತ ದಂಡ್ '''बासन''' -- house hold utensil, vessels -- ಪಾತ್ರೆ ಪಗಡಿ '''बासा''' -- stale, kept over night, antiquated -- ಪಾಳಾನ, ಹಳಸ್‌ನ, ತಂಗೂಳ್ '''बाँह''' -- an arm, branch, appendage -- ಕೈ '''बाहम''' -- mutual, reciprocal, exchanged -- ಅಪ್ಪರಿಪ್ಪರ '''बाहर''' -- out, outside -- ಪೊರಮೆ '''बाहरी''' -- outward, external, alien -- ಪೊರಮೆತ್‌ರ '''बाहल्य''' -- abundance, plenty -- ಬೋಂಡಿಯಚ್ಚಕ್, ದುಂಬಾ '''बाह्रचार''' -- ritualistic-conduct -- ಧರ್ಮಕ್ರಿಯೆಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟ '''बिकना''' -- to be sold -- ಮಾರುವಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''बिकल''' -- restless, uneasy, troubled -- ಶಾಂತಿ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''बिकसना''' -- to blossom, to be delighted, to bloom -- ಬೀರುವ ಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''बिकाऊ''' -- for sale, auction -- ಮಾರುವಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''बिक्री''' -- sale, a selling, auction -- ಮಾರಾಟ '''बिखरना''' -- to be scattered, throw or put here and there, sprinkle -- ಪರತುವ '''बिगड़ना''' -- displeased, aggravated, to be angry -- ಅಸಮಾಧಾನ '''बिगाड़ना''' -- to spoil, addle, blemish -- ಪಾಳಾಕ್ '''बिगाड़ू''' -- damaging, harmful, hurtful -- ನಷ್ಟ ಆಪದ್ '''बिगूचना''' -- suspense, state of uncertainty, secrecy -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್ '''बिचारा''' -- poor, helpless, dependent -- ಗರೀಬ, ಪಾಪತಂವ '''बिच्छू''' -- a scorpion, 8th sign of the Zodiac -- ಞಂಡ್‌ರ್‌ಕ '''बिछलना''' -- to slip, landing place, mistake -- ಜಾರುವ '''बिछाना''' -- to spread out, become spread, scatter -- ಪರತುವ '''बिजली''' -- electricity, lightning, power -- ವಿದ್ಯುಚ್ಚಕ್ತಿ '''बिटिया''' -- a daughter -- ಮೋವ '''बिठाना''' -- to be seated, used for sitting on -- ಅಳ್‌ಪ, ಅಳ್ ಪ್ ಚಿಡುವ '''बिड़ाल''' -- a he-cat -- ಮೊಳಿಯ, ಕಂಡಪೂಂಞಿ '''बिड़ालिका''' -- she-cat -- ಪೊಳ್ಳೆ ಪೂಂಞಿ, ಪಳ್ಳೆ ಪೂಂಞಿ (ಮಂಗು) '''बिताना''' -- to spend, lay out, employ -- ಖರ್ಚ್ ಮಾಡ್ '''बित्ता''' -- a hand-span, measurement parameter -- ಕೈ ನ್ಳ '''बिदा''' -- farewell, departure, adieu -- ಅಯಿಚಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''बिदाई''' -- a send off, farewell, an adieu -- ಬುಟ್ಟ್ ಪೋಪ, ಅಯಿಚಿ '''बिंदी''' -- a point, dot, zero -- ಚುಕ್ಕೆ '''बिधि''' -- method, means, system -- ಪದ್ಧತಿ, ನಡ್‌ಪ್ '''बिनती''' -- request, supplication, an entreaty -- ಕೇಟವ '''बिनना''' -- to knit, to weave -- ನೆಯ್ಯುವ '''बिनौला''' -- cottonseed -- ಪರ್ತಿ ಕುರು '''बिन्दु''' -- a point, dot, zero -- ಚುಕ್ಕಿ '''बिंब''' -- an image, shadow, reflection -- ನಳ '''बिमोचना''' -- to set free, to abandon, to refuse -- ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡೆ ಮಾಡ್ '''बिमोहन''' -- to fascinate, to charm, to enchant -- ಮೋಹಪಡತುವ '''बियाबान''' -- a thick forest, tract of land mainly occupied by trees -- ಬಾಂಗಾಡ್ '''बिरंग''' -- multi coloured, plenty of colours -- ದುಂಬಾ ರಂಗ್‌ರ, ರಂಗ್ ರಂಗ್‌ರ '''बिरता''' -- power, strength, bravery, courage -- ಶಕ್ತಿ, ಬಲ '''बिरमाना''' -- to hold back -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ನಿಪ್ಪ, ಬೈ ಬಲಿಪ '''बिरवा''' -- a planet, seedling, sapling -- ಗ್ರಹ, ಗಿಡ '''बिरहा''' -- a kind of folk song -- ಜನಪದ ಪಾಟ್ '''बिराजना''' -- to be seated, to grace, by sitting -- ಅಳ್‌ಪ, ಅಳತಿತ್ '''बिरादर''' -- a brother, blood relation -- ಅಣ್ಣ ತಮ್ಮಣ '''बिरादरी''' -- brother hood, fraternity, community -- ಅಣ್ಣ ತಮ್ಮಣ ಸಂಬಂಧ '''बिराना''' -- to offend, displease, do wrong -- ನೊಂಬಲ್‌ಚಿಡ್, ಚೆಡಿ ಬಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್ '''बिरोजा''' -- turpentine, tar -- ಟರ್ಪೆಂಟೈನ್ '''बिल''' -- hole, cavity, a burrow -- ತೂತ, ಕಣ್ಣ್, ಮಾಳಿ '''बिलकुल''' -- quite, all, complete -- ಖಂಡಿತಾ '''बिलखना''' -- to weep bitterly, to wail, to lament -- ದುಃಖತ್‌ಲ್ ಮೊರಡ್ '''बिलग''' -- separate, isolate, aloof -- ಬೋರೆ '''बिलगाव''' -- separation, bifurcate, disconnect -- ಬೋರೆ ಆಪ '''बिलटना''' -- to be ruined, destroyed, demolish -- ನಷ್ಟ ಆಪದ್ '''बिलटी''' -- a railway receipt -- ರೈಲ್‌ರ ರಶೀತಿ '''बिलफ़र्ज''' -- assuming, accept, acquire -- ಊಹನೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''बिलंब''' -- delay, late, post pone -- ತಡು '''बिलाना''' -- to disappear, cease, dematerialize -- ಕಾಣ ತಾಪ '''बिलोकना''' -- to look at, to see, to hold -- ನೋಟ್ '''बिल्ली''' -- cat -- ಪೂಂಞಿ '''बिल्लौर''' -- crystal, transparent, quartz -- ತೆಳ್‌ಕ '''बिसात''' -- a chess board -- ಚೆಸ್‌ಕಳಿರ ಬೋರ್ಡ್ '''बिसारना''' -- to forget, to misremember, to think no more of -- ಮರ್‌ಪ '''बिसूरना''' -- to wail, complain, grieve -- ಮೊರ್‌ಡುವ, ಗೋಳ್‌ಡುವ '''बिस्कुट''' -- a biscuit -- ಬಿಸ್ಕೇಟ್ '''बिस्मिलला''' -- beginning, commence, inaugurate -- ಶುರು '''बिहंग''' -- a bird -- ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''बिहँसना''' -- to laugh, cachinnate, chortle -- ತೆಳಿ '''बिहान''' -- day break, dawn, sunrise -- ಪೊಲ್‌ವ (ಪೊರಂಜತಿಕ್) '''बिहाना''' -- to leave off, to abandon, give up altogether -- ಬುಟ್ಟ್‌ಪೋ '''बिहार''' -- a state -- ರಾಜ್ಯ '''बींघना''' -- to pierce, to bore a hole into, drill -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಮಾಡುವ, ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕುಯಿಪ '''बीघा''' -- a measurement of land -- ಭೂಮಿರ ಅಳತೆ '''बीच''' -- the middle, centre, between -- ನಡು '''बीज''' -- seed, pip, origin -- ಕುರು '''बीजक''' -- an invoice, a bill, of purchase -- ಧಾರಣೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿ, ಚತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''बीजांक''' -- code, cipher -- ಕಾನೂನ್, ನಿಯಮ, ಕಾನೂಲ್ '''बीजारोपण''' -- to lay the foundation -- ಪಾಯ ಇಡುವ '''बीतना''' -- to pass, to be spent, to elapse -- ಅಯಿಪ, ಖರ್ಚ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''बीन''' -- flute, musical instrument -- ಪಾಂಗೊಳ '''बीनना''' -- to pickup, to pluck up -- ಪೊರ್‌ಕ್ '''बीबी''' -- wife, respected wife -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''बीभत्स''' -- disgusting, adherent -- ಬುಡ್ಂಜದ್ '''बीमा''' -- insurance -- ಇನ್‌ಸೂರೆನ್ಸ್ '''बीमार''' -- sick, ills, diseased -- ಕಾಯಿಲ '''बीर''' -- brave, intrepid, courageous -- ಧೈರ್ಯಕಾರ '''बीवी''' -- wife -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''बीस''' -- twenty -- ಇರ್‌ವದ್ '''बुआ''' -- father`s sister -- ತಮ್ಮಾಂವಿ '''बुकचा''' -- a bundle of cloths -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ '''बुकनी''' -- powder, to levitate -- ಪೊಡಿ '''बुक्का''' -- to weep bitterly, to lament aloud -- ದುಃಖ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟ್ ಮೊರಡುವ '''बुखार''' -- fever, raising temperature -- ಪನಿ '''बुजदिल''' -- a timid, coward, afraid -- ಪುಕ್ಕ್‌ಲ '''बुजुर्ग''' -- elderly, old, respected -- ಪೆರಿಯ '''बुझाना''' -- to put out, to extinguish -- ಕೆಡ್‌ತುವ '''बुझौवल''' -- a riddle, enigma, puzzle -- ಒಡ್‌ಪ ಕಥೆ, ಒಡ್‌ಪ ಪಡಿಮ '''बुडढा''' -- old, aged, senile -- ಬಯತಾನ, ತೊಂಡ '''बुढ़ाना''' -- to grow old, to age -- ಬಯತಾಪ '''बुढ़ापा''' -- old age, senility -- ಬಯತ್ ಕಾಲ '''बुढ़िया''' -- an old woman -- ಮುದ್‌ಕಿ, ತೊಂಡಿ '''बुत''' -- a statue, image -- ವಿಗ್ರಹ, ಮೂರ್ತಿ '''बुँदकी''' -- a small round part -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಉರ್‌ಟ್ ಭಾಗ '''बुदबुद''' -- bubble, ball, blob -- ನೊರೆ, ನೆರಪಟೆ '''बुद्धि''' -- intellect, wisdom, sense -- ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತಿಕೆ '''बुद्धू''' -- stupid, foolish, rascal -- ಪೆದ್ದ, ಪೊಟ್ಟ '''बुध''' -- Wednesday, Mercury, wise -- ಪದನಾಚೆ '''बुनकर''' -- a weaver -- ನೆಯ್ಯುವಂವ '''बुनना''' -- to weave, to intertwine, to knit -- ನೆಯ್ಯ್ (ಬಟ್ಟೆ ನೆಯ್ಯ್) '''बुनाई''' -- the act, weaving -- ಪಣಿ, ನೆಯ್ಯುವ '''बुनियाद''' -- foundation, basic, establishment -- ಪಾಯ '''बुभुक्षा''' -- appetite, hunger, demand -- ಅರ್‌ಗಣೆ, ಕೆಲಪಯಿಪ '''बुरकना''' -- to dust, to spray, to sprinkle -- ಧೂಳ್ ಕೊಡಕುವ '''बुरा''' -- bad, wicked, evil -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ, ದುಷ್ಟ , ಪಾಳ್ '''बुराई''' -- fault, defect, badness -- ತಪ್ಪ್ '''बुरुश''' -- a brush -- ಬ್ರಶ್ '''बुर्ज''' -- a tower, turret, pinnacle -- ಗೋಪುರ '''बुलंद''' -- high, lofty, strong -- ಎತ್ತರತ್‌ರ '''बुलबुल''' -- nightingale -- ಕೋಗಿಲೆ '''बुलाक''' -- a nose-pendant, nose jewellery, nose-ornament -- ಮೂಕೊರ್‌ಡ್ '''बुलाना''' -- to call, to convene, to send for -- ಕಾಕ್ '''बुलेटिन''' -- bulletin, message -- ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ '''बुवाई''' -- sowing -- ಬಿತ್ತ್‌ಡ್‌ವ '''बुहारना''' -- to sweep, to clean -- ಒಡ್‌ಕುವ '''बूचड़''' -- a butcher -- ಕೊರಿ ಅರ್‌ಪಂವ '''बूचा''' -- ear cropped -- ಕೆಮಿ ಅರ್‌ತ '''बूझ''' -- understanding, accord, appreciation -- ಅರ್ಥ ಮಾಡಿಯವ '''बूट''' -- shoe, gram pod, green pod gram -- ಶೂ '''बूटा''' -- large sized embroidery -- ಅಗಲತ್‌ರ ಪೊಲ್ಲಪಣಿ ಕೆಜ್ಜದ್ '''बूटी''' -- herb -- ಮದ್ದ್‌ಗಿಡ '''बूढ़ा''' -- old, aged, senile -- ಪಳಿಯ, ತೊಂಡ '''बूता''' -- capacity, ability, calibre -- ತಾಕತ್ತ್ '''बूँद''' -- drop -- ತುಳಿ '''बूम''' -- to talk noisily -- ಜೋರ್ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''बृक''' -- a wolf -- ತೋಳ '''बृहत''' -- large, big, huge -- ಬಲ್ಯ '''बेअकल''' -- stupid, rascal, foolish -- ಪೆದ್ದ, ಪೊಟ್ಟ '''बेअदबी''' -- rudeness, roughly made, primitive -- ಒರಟ್‌ತನ '''बेअन्त''' -- unending, everlasting, eternal -- ತ್ರತದ್ '''बेआब''' -- lusterless, without desire, without any ambition -- ಆಸೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''बेइज्जती''' -- dishonour, corrupt, defame -- ಮಾನಕೇಡ್‌ರ '''बेइमानी''' -- dishonesty, bent, cheating -- ಕಪಟಿ, ಮೋಸಕಾರ '''बेइंसाफी''' -- injustice, discrimination, disparity -- ಅನ್ಯಾಯ '''बेकसी''' -- helplessness, defenceless, disabled -- ಅಸಹಾಯಕತೆ '''बेखबर''' -- unaware, unprepared, abruptly -- ಎಚ್ಚರ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''बेगड़ी''' -- a jeweler, dresser, goldsmith -- ತಟ್ಟ, ಮಾಲ್‌ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''बेगम''' -- lady, woman -- ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್ '''बेगार''' -- forced labour, drudgery -- ಒತ್ತಾಯತ್‌ರ ಪಣಿ, ಗುಲಾಮಗಿರಿ '''बेचना''' -- to sell, to vend, to dispose of -- ಮಾರುವ '''बेचान''' -- endorsement, sale, accept -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ಎಳ್ತ್ '''बेजा''' -- unfair, improper, undue -- ಸೆರಿಯಲ್ಲತದ್ '''बेटा''' -- a son -- ಮೋಂವ '''बेटी''' -- a daughter -- ಮೋವ '''बेठन''' -- wrapper, covering, wrapping cloth -- ಸುತ್ತುವದ್ '''बेड़ा''' -- a fleet -- ಹಡಗ್ ಪಡೆ '''बेध''' -- bore, hole, pierce -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಕುಯಿಪ '''बेधक''' -- a piercer, borer, piercing -- ತೂತ್ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''बेधना''' -- to puncture, to bore, to pierce -- ತೂತಾನದ್ '''बेना''' -- a fan -- ಬೀಸಣಿಗೆ '''बेलदार''' -- a labourer, a worker, khalasi -- ಪಣಿಕಾರ '''बेवकूफ''' -- foolish -- ಮುಟ್ಟಾಳ '''बेवा''' -- a widow -- ವಡಿಯ ಚತ್ತವ, ವಿಧವೆ '''बेसन''' -- gramflour -- ಕಡಲೆ ಪೊಡಿ '''बेहतर''' -- better, greater, healthier -- ನಲ್ಲ '''बेहबूदी''' -- welfare, well being, advantage -- ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ, ಸೌಖ್ಯ '''बेहूदगी''' -- nonsense, foolishness, stupidity -- ಅರ್ಥ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''बैंक''' -- bank -- ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ '''बैंकुंठ''' -- paradise -- ಸ್ವರ್ಗ, ವೈಕುಂಠ '''बैंगन''' -- brinjal, a vegetable -- ಬಯಿನೆ '''बैज''' -- a badge -- ಪದಕ '''बैटरी''' -- a battery -- ಬ್ಯಾಟರಿ '''बैठना''' -- to sit, accommodate, rest -- ಅಳ್‌ಪ '''बैर''' -- enmity, rivalry, adversary -- ಶತ್ರುತ್ವ '''बैरक''' -- a barrack -- ಸಿಪಾಯಿಯಡ ಸಾಲ್ ಮನೆ '''बैरागी''' -- saint, sage, divine person -- ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ, ಮುನಿ '''बैरी''' -- an enemy, antagonist, opponent -- ಶತ್ರು '''बैल''' -- an ox -- ಎತ್ತ್ '''बैसाख''' -- the second month of the Hindu calendar -- ಹಿಂದೂವಡ ದಂಡನೆ ತಿಂಗ (ವೈಶಾಖ) '''बोझ''' -- a burden, affliction, obligation -- ಪೊರೆ '''बोझिल''' -- heavy, burdensome -- ಭಾರ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಕನತ್‌ರ '''बोटा''' -- a huge, log of wood -- ಬಲ್ಯದ್ '''बोतल''' -- a bottle -- ಕುಪ್ಪಿ '''बोदा''' -- timid, meek, lazy -- ಪೋಡಿತೂರಿ, ಹೇಡಿ '''बोध''' -- perception, sense, knowledge -- ಅರ್ಂಜವ ಶಕ್ತಿ '''बोनस''' -- bonus, remuneration, dividend -- ಬೋನಸ್ '''बोरना''' -- to dip, bathe, decline -- ಮುಕ್ಕ್ '''बोरसी''' -- an earthen fire pot -- ಅಗ್ಗಿಸ್ಟಿಕೆ '''बोरा''' -- a bag, a sack, gunny bag -- ಚೀಲ '''बोरिया''' -- gunny bag -- ಗೋಣಿ ಚೀಲ '''बोर्ड''' -- a board -- ಬೋರ್ಡ್ '''बोर्डिंग हाऊस''' -- hostel, boarding house -- ಓದುವ ಮಕ್ಕಡ ಮನೆ '''बोल''' -- speech, utterance, taunt -- ಭಾಪಣ, ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಪರಿವ '''बोलती''' -- speech, articulation, dialect -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಪರಿವ '''बोलना''' -- to speak, lingo, utterance -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಪರಿ '''बोलाचाली''' -- speaking terms, discussion, conversation -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಬಾಕುಳ್ಳ ಚರ್ಚೆ '''बोली''' -- a dialect, discourse, dialogue -- ನಾಡ್ ಭಾಷೆ, ಉಪ ಭಾಷೆ '''बोसा''' -- a kiss, buss -- ಮುತ್ತ್ '''बोहनी''' -- the first sale of the day -- ಬೋಣಿ '''बौखलाना''' -- to be furious, termagant, spitfire -- ಉರ್‌ತ ಕಳಿ, ಚೆಡಿಕಳಿಪ '''बौड़म''' -- stupid, lumpen -- ಮುಟ್ಟಾಳ '''बौद्धिक''' -- intellectual, cerebral -- ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ '''बौराना''' -- to go mad, crazy, ardent -- ಪುಚ್ಚನಾಪ '''ब्याज''' -- interest -- ಬಡ್ಡಿ '''ब्यालू''' -- supper, dinner, night food -- ಬಯಿಟೇತ್‌ರ ಊಟ '''ब्यावहारिया''' -- a money lender -- ಸಾಲ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪಂವ '''ब्याह''' -- marriage, coupling, matron age -- ಮಂಗಲ '''ब्याहता''' -- married woman, wife -- ಮಂಗಲಾನವ, ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''ब्यूरो''' -- a bureau -- ಕಛೇರಿ '''ब्योंचना''' -- to be sprained, atomize, diffuse -- ಉಳ್‌ಕಿಯವ '''ब्योंत''' -- measurements, weigh, gauge -- ಅಳತೆ '''ब्योंतना''' -- to cut the cloth according to the measurement -- ಬಟ್ಟೆನ ಅಳತೆಕ್ ಸೆರಿ ಕತ್ತರಿಚಿಡುವ '''ब्योरा''' -- details, particulars, marked -- ವಿವರ '''ब्यौहार''' -- dealings, mutual relations -- ವ್ಯವಹಾರ '''ब्राजराज''' -- lord Krishna -- ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣ '''ब्राहृचर्य''' -- bachelor life, celebity -- ಮಂಗಲಾಕತ ಬದ್‌ಕ್ '''ब्राहृांड''' -- the universe, world wide, global -- ಭೂ ಮಂಡಲ '''ब्रिागेडियर''' -- a brigadier, senior officer in the army -- ಬ್ರಿಗೇಡಿಯರ್, ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ '''ब्रोक''' -- break -- ತಡೆ, ಬಡಿವ '''ब्रौकेट''' -- bracket -- ಆವರಣ '''ब्लाउज''' -- a blouse -- ಜಂಪರ್ '''ब्लाक''' -- a block -- ಓರ್ ಭಾಗ '''ब्लाक मार्केट''' -- the black market -- ಕರ್ಪು ಚತ್ತೆ, ಕಳ್ಳ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ '''ब्लेड''' -- blade -- ಬ್ಲೇಡ್ '''ब्लैक''' -- black -- ಕರ್ತದ್, ಕರ್ಪು '''भ''' -- the fourth letter of the fifth and ultimate pentad of the Devanagari alphabet -- ಪವರ್ಗತ್‌ರ ನಾಲನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''भकुआ''' -- stupid, foolish, dull -- ಮುಟ್ಟಾಳ, ಪೊಟ್ಟ '''भकुरना''' -- to sulk, ill humored, offended mood -- ತುಗ್ಗುವ, ತಪ್ಪ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನೆನ್ನಕೆಕಳಿಪ, ಚೆಡ್ಂಜವ '''भकोसना''' -- to swallow devour, gulp -- ಮುಗ್ಗುವ, ಎರಕುವ '''भक्त''' -- devotee, fanatic, zealot -- ಭಕ್ತ '''भक्ति''' -- devotion, ardor, zeal -- ಭಕ್ತಿ '''भक्षक''' -- eater -- ತಿಂಬಂವ '''भक्षण''' -- eating -- ತಿಂಬ '''भक्ष्य''' -- eatable, edible, diet -- ತಿಂಬದ್ '''भग''' -- female genetic -- ಮಡ್ ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ ಕುಳಿಯಮೆಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟ, (ಯೋನಿ) '''भंग''' -- dissolution, breach, fraction -- ಕರುವ ನೀರಾಪದ್ '''भंगड़''' -- concerner, addicted, commodity -- ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟಂವ '''भगदड़''' -- rout, stampede, horde -- ಬೊತ್ತಿತ್ ಓಡುವ, ಕಾಲ್‌ರಡಿಕ್ ಕೆಣಿವ '''भगंदर''' -- fistula in the anus -- ಆಸನ '''भगवती''' -- a name of Goddess -- ಪೊವ್ವದಿ '''भगवा''' -- saffron, yellow orange -- ಕಾವಿ ರಂಗ್ '''भगवान''' -- God, supreme being, ruler of the universe -- ದೇವ '''भगाना''' -- to drive off, to kidnap, to scare away -- ದವುತುವ, ಓಡ್‌ಚಿರುವ '''भगिनी''' -- sister -- ಅಕ್ಕ ತಂಗೆಯ '''भंगिमा''' -- pose -- ವೇಶ ಇಡುವ ಕಾಂಬ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟವ '''भंगी''' -- sweeper, a janitor -- ಒಡ್ಕುವಂವ '''भंगुर''' -- breakable, frail, fragile -- ಒಡಿಯುವಂತದ್ '''भगोड़ा''' -- fugitive, passing, transient -- ಓಡಿ ಪೋವಂವೊ '''भगौहा''' -- as if ready to flee -- ಓಡುವಕುಳ್ಳ '''भग्गू''' -- coward, craven, funk -- ಪುಕ್ಕ್‌ಲ, ಹೇಡಿ '''भग्न''' -- broken, shattered, demoralised -- ಪೊಳ್ಂಜದ್, ಒಡಂದದ್ '''भग्नावशेष''' -- remains -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಪಾಳಾಯಿತ್, ಬಾಕಿ ಆನದ್ '''भग्नाश''' -- frustrated, circumvent, disappointed -- ಆಶಾಭಂಗ ಆನದ್ '''भग्नोत्साह''' -- discouraged, bash, damp -- ಧೈರ್ಯಗೆಡ್‌ತ್‌ನದ್ '''भग्नोत्साह''' -- demoralised, discouraged, dejection -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಆಸೆ ಬುಟ್ಟದ್ '''भजन''' -- a devotional song -- ಭಜನೆ '''भंजन''' -- destruction, breaking, ruin -- ನಾಶ, ಒಡಪ '''भजना''' -- to repeat the name of God -- ಭಜನೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''भजाँना''' -- to change, to cause to flee, to cause torun -- ಬದಲಾಕುವ '''भट''' -- a solider, a warrior, army -- ಸಿಪಾಯಿ, ಪಡೆಯಾಳಿ '''भटकना''' -- to wander about, to meander, to loiter about -- ಅಪ್ಪರಿಪ್ಪರ ಸುತ್ತುವ '''भटियारा''' -- an innkeeper -- ಹೊಟೇಲ್‌ಕಾರ, ಚತ್ರಗಾರ '''भटूटी''' -- a fire place -- ತಿತ್ತ್‌ಡುವ ಒಲೆ, ಚಿಮ್ಮಣಿ, ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಗೂಡ್ '''भट्ट''' -- a bard, scholarly brahman -- ಪಡಿಪುಳ್ಳ ಪಟ್ಟ '''भट्टारक''' -- honorable, respectable, passable -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಸ್ತ '''भंड''' -- utensil, tool, vessels -- ಪಾತ್ರೆ '''भड़क''' -- gaud, show, pomp -- ಆಡಂಬರ '''भड़काना''' -- to cause to flare up, to be provoked, excited -- ಉರ್‌ಪಿತ್ ತಿತ್ತ್‌ಕತ್ತ್‌ಚಿರುವ '''भड़काना''' -- to blow the coals -- ತಿತ್ತ್ ಉರುಪುವ '''भड़कीला''' -- gaudy, showy, twadry -- ತಳಕ್ ಬಳಕ್‌ರ '''भड़भड़''' -- impetuosity, rashness, thoughtless -- ಚೋರ್, ಅಲ್‌ಬಲ್ '''भड़भड़ाना''' -- to be rash, to be impetous, to be thoughtless -- ದುಡ್‌ಕುವ '''भड़भड़िया''' -- garrulous, rash -- ಹರಟೆಗಾರ, ಚಪಡಾಂಗಿ '''भंडा''' -- a secret, privacy, covertness -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್ '''भंडा फोड''' -- exposure, disclosure, revelation -- ಕಾಟುವ, ಗುಟ್ಟ್‌ಬುಡುವ '''भंडार''' -- store, ware house, storage -- ಉಗ್ರಾಣ, ಪತ್ತಾಯ '''भंडारा''' -- a feast -- ನಮ್ಮೆ, ಗದ್ದಳತ್‌ರ ಊಟ '''भड़ास''' -- stored-up spite, accumulated grudge -- ಕೂಟಿಬೆಚ್ಚದ್, ಜಕೀರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''भड़ुआ''' -- a professional procurer, tout, to watch -- ಮಂಡೆ ಪುಡಿಪಂವ, ದಳ್ಳಾಳಿ '''भणन''' -- a statement, saying, speech -- ಹೇಳಿಕೆ, ವಾಗ್ಮೂಲ '''भणिति''' -- saying, statement, declaration with speech -- ಹೇಳಿಕೆ '''भतरि''' -- husband, marter, head of the family -- ವಡಿಯ '''भतीजा''' -- a nephew -- ಅಣ್ಣ, ಅಕ್ಕಂಡ ಮೋಂವ '''भतीजी''' -- a niece -- ಅಣ್ಣ, ಅಕ್ಕತಂಗೆಯಡ ಮೋಳಿಯ '''भत्ता''' -- an allowance, traveling allowance -- ಬತ್ಯ '''भत्र्सना''' -- adominition, denunciation, reproach -- ದೂರ್, ಬೊತ್ತ್‌ಚಿರುವ '''भंदत्त''' -- honourable, decent, respected -- ಗೌರವವುಳ್ಳ, ಮರ್ಯಾದಸ್ತ '''भदेस''' -- rustic, rural, uncouth -- ಕಾಡ್‌ಮೂಲೆರಂವ '''भद्द''' -- insult, humiliation, disgrace -- ಪರಿಕೇಡ್ '''भद्दड़''' -- inactive, slothfully corpulent, plump and inert -- ಚುರ್‌ಕಿಲ್ಲತ '''भद्दा''' -- ugly, clumsy, ungainly -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ಲತ, ಕುರೂಪಿ '''भद्र''' -- gentle, good, noble -- ನಲ್ಲ ಗುಣಕಾರ '''भद्रा''' -- a typical conjunction of stars -- ನಕ್ಷತ್ರತ್‌ರ ಗುಂಪು '''भद्रा भद्र''' -- good and bad, auspicous and ominious -- ನಲ್ಲದೂ ಕೆಟ್ಟದೂ '''भनक''' -- a ring, low, clue -- ಮೊಯಿರ, ಗುಜುಗುಜುತಕ್ಕ್ '''भबका''' -- a still, retort, an alembic -- ಆನಂಗತದ್, ಭಟ್ಟಿಉಳ್‌ಪುಪ ಪಾತ್ರ '''भबकी''' -- a bluff, hollow threat, crude -- ಬೊತ್ತ್‌ಚಿರುವ '''भभक''' -- flaring, sudden, explode -- ಮಿನ್ನುವ '''भभकना''' -- to burst, blow up, break -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ್‌ಚಿರ್, ಒಡೆ '''भंभा''' -- huge hole -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಕಣ್ಣ್, ತೂತ '''भंभा''' -- a huge hole, pit, hollow -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಕಣ್ಣ್, ಪೋಟೆ '''भभूका''' -- a flame, blaze, flare up -- ತಿತ್ತ್‌ರ ಜ್ವಾಲೆ '''भभूत''' -- sacred sacrificial ashes applied to the for head -- ಭಸ್ಮ, ಕುರಿಯುಂಡೆ '''भय''' -- fear, fright, dread -- ಪೋಡಿ '''भयंकर''' -- fearful, frightful, dreadful -- ಪೋಡಿಯಾಪದ್ '''भयानक''' -- dreadful, terrible, horrible -- ಪೋಡಿಯಾಪಂತದ್, ನೆಟ್ಟ್‌ಚಿರುವದ್ '''भरकना''' -- to be warmed up -- ಬೆಕ್ಕೆ ಮಾಡ್, ಕಾಚ್ '''भरण''' -- alimentation -- ಪೋಷಣೆ '''भरण''' -- alimenation, funding, nourishing -- ಪೋಷಣೆ '''भरत''' -- capacity, loading, quantity -- ಪುಡಿಪ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ, ದುಂಬುವ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ '''भरती''' -- recruitment, enrolment, admission -- ಭರ್ತಿ ಮಾಡುವ, ಆಂಜಿ ಕೂಟುವ '''भरना''' -- to fill, to refill, to stuff -- ದುಂಬ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವ '''भरपूर''' -- full, adequate, baggy -- ಪರಿಪೂರ್ಣ '''भरम''' -- illusion, secret, credit -- ಭ್ರಮೆ '''भरमाना''' -- mislead deceive, bluff -- ಭ್ರಾಂತಿ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ಚಿರ್, ಚದಿಪ್ '''भरमार''' -- plenty, affluence, enough -- ದುಂಬ '''भरसक''' -- as far as possible -- ಆಪಚ್ಚಕ್, ಕಯ್ಯುವಚ್ಚಕ್ '''भरा''' -- full, adequate, brimful -- ದುಂಬ, ಮೋಡೆ '''भराई''' -- filling, packing -- ದುಂಬ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''भरोसा''' -- trust, faith, confidence -- ಭರವಸೆ '''भर्ता''' -- one who provides maintains, sustains, husband -- ಚಾಕುವಂವ, ವಡಿಯ '''भर्राना''' -- to whizz -- ಸೂಂದ್ ಸದ್ದ್ ಮಾಡ್ '''भला''' -- gentle, noble, good -- ನಲ್ಲ '''भलाई''' -- wel-being -- ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''भले''' -- well, good -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ '''भव''' -- the world, birth, lord shiv -- ಲೋಕ, ಶಿವ '''भवदीय''' -- yours, yours sincerely, yours faithfully -- ನೀಡ, ನಿಂಗಡ '''भवन''' -- house, building, mansion -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಮನೆ, ಬಂಗ್ಲಿ '''भवँर''' -- a whirl pool -- ನೀರ್ ಸುಳಿ '''भँवरा''' -- black bee -- ಕರ್ತ ತೇನೊಲಂಜಿ '''भवान''' -- your honour, your grace -- ನಿಂಗಡ ಸೇವೆಲ್ '''भवानी''' -- Godess -- ದೇವತೆ '''भवितव्य''' -- destined, future, inevitable -- ಅದೃಷ್ಟತುಳ್ಳದ್, ಬಿದಿಚದ್ '''भविष्य''' -- future -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ '''भव्य''' -- grand, divine, pretty -- ಗತ್ತ್‌ರ, ಚಾಯಿಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''भष्भड़''' -- tumult, din, chirm -- ಗಜಿಬಿಜಿ, ಗಲಿಬಿಲಿ '''भस्म''' -- ash, cinders, calx -- ಭಸ್ಮ '''भस्मीभूत''' -- burnt to ashes, completely burnt -- ಬೆಂಜಿಬೂದಿಯಾನದ್ '''भाई''' -- brother -- ಅಣ್ಣ ತಮ್ಮಣಂಗ '''भाउक''' -- sentimental -- ಭಾವನಾವಶ '''भाग''' -- portion, part, fraction -- ಓರ್‌ಭಾಗ '''भागदौड़''' -- running about, strenous effort, frustration -- ಓಡಿಕಳಿಪ '''भागना''' -- to run, to run away, to escape -- ಓಡುವ '''भागमभाग''' -- running out, making a desperate bid -- ಓಡಿ ಪೋಪ '''भागिनेय''' -- a sisters son -- ಅಕ್ಕತ೦ಗೆಯಡ, ಮೋಂವ, ಮೈಮ '''भागी''' -- a co-sharer, partner -- ಕೂಟ್‌ಕಾರ '''भाग्य''' -- fortune, fate, luck -- ಭಾಗ್ಯ, ಬರ್ಕತ್ '''भाग्यदोष''' -- drawback of one's luck -- ಅದೃಷ್ಟಕೆಟ್ಟ '''भाग्यवशात्र''' -- fortunately, happily, advantageous -- ದೇವಡದಯಗೊಂಡ್ '''भाग्यवानू''' -- lucky, favored, fortunate -- ಭಾಗ್ಯ ಬಂದ '''भाग्यवान्''' -- lucky, fortunate -- ಅದೃಷ್ಟವಂತ '''भाग्यविधाता''' -- fortune-maker, God, divine power -- ದೇವ, ಭಾಗ್ಯ ತಪ್ಪಂವ '''भाग्योदय''' -- advent of good luck -- ಭಾಗ್ಯ ಬಪ್ಪ '''भाच्ती''' -- speech, language, lecture -- ತಕ್ಕ್, ಭಾಷೆ '''भाजक''' -- divisor, dividing -- ಪಾಲ್‌ಡುವಂವ '''भाँजना''' -- to fold, to brandish, to twist something -- ಮಡಕ್, ತಿರ್‌ಕ್ '''भाजी''' -- vegetable -- ತರಕಾರಿ '''भाँजी''' -- back-biting -- ಬೆಂಬರಿಂಜಿ ಕುತ್ತುವ, ಚದಿ '''भाज्य''' -- a dividend, divisible -- ಪಾಲ್, ಓದಿ '''भाट''' -- a barrel, minstrel -- ಪೀಪಾಯಿ, ಕೊಳಪೆ, ತೋಕ್‌ರ ಕೊಳ '''भाटक''' -- fare, rent, freight -- ಬಾಡಿಗೆ '''भाँड''' -- a utensil, waver -- ಪಾತ್ರ '''भाँड़''' -- a clown, buffoon, jester -- ಕೋಡಂಗಿ, ಪಿದೂಷಕ, ಒಫೂನ್ '''भाड़ में जाय''' -- go to hell -- ನರಕಕ್ ಪೋಪ '''भाड़-भूँजना''' -- to do nothing -- ಒಂದೂ ಮಾಡತಿಪ್ಪ '''भाड़ा''' -- fare, rent, freight -- ಬಾಡಿಗೆ '''भाँडागार''' -- storeroom, ware house, godown -- ಪತ್ತಾಯ, ಉಗ್ರಾಣ '''भात''' -- boiled rice -- ಕೂಳ್ '''भाँति''' -- kind, type, manner -- ತರ, ಮಾದರಿ '''भादों''' -- Hindu calendar month -- ಹಿಂದೂ ಪದ್ಧತಿರ ತಿಂಗ, ಕನ್ಯಾಕ್ '''भान''' -- change, awareness, inkling -- ಬದಲ್, ಜಾಗೃತಿ '''भानजा''' -- sister`s son -- ಅಕ್ಕತಂಗೆಯಡ ಮೋಂವ (ಮೈಮ) '''भानमती''' -- a sorceress -- ಮಾಟಚಿದ್ರ '''भाना''' -- to be liked, to be agreeable, to be pleasing -- ಇಷ್ಟಪಡ್, ಮೆಚ್ಚ್ '''भानु''' -- the sun -- ಸೂರ್ಯ '''भाप''' -- steam, an exhaustion of vapour -- ಆವಿ '''भाँपना''' -- to makeout, to divine, to look through the reality -- ಅರ್ಥ ಮಾಡಿಯವ '''भाँपू''' -- adopt in guessing, look through the truth -- ಆಂದಾಜಿ ಮಾಡ್ '''भाभी''' -- sister-in-law -- ಮಮ್ಮ '''भामपराक्रम''' -- awfully, dreadful, inspiring -- ಭಯಂಕರ, ಪೋಡಿಯಾಪನ್ನತದ್ '''भामिनी''' -- a pretty woman, short tempered woman -- ಚಾಯಿಕರ್ತಿ, ಮುಂಜೆಡಿಕರ್ತಿ '''भायी''' -- a woman joined in marriage to a man -- ಮಂಗಲಾನವ '''भार''' -- load, weight, burden -- ಪೊರೆ, '''भारत''' -- India -- ಭಾರತ ದೇಶ '''भारतीयकरण''' -- indianisation -- ಭಾರತೀಯ ನಾಪ '''भाराक्रान्त''' -- burden, obligation, commitment -- ಪೊರೆ, ಹಂಗ್ರಾಣೆ '''भारिक''' -- a porter, an attender, door keeper -- ಕೂಲಿ, ಕೊಟಾಳ್ '''भारी''' -- heavy, weighty, difficult to digest -- ಕನ, ಭಾರ '''भारीभरकम''' -- voluminous, heavy, weighty -- ದುಂಬಾ ಬಲ್ಯ, ಕನವುಳ್ಳ '''भार्गव''' -- brahmana -- ಪಟ್ಟ '''भार्या''' -- wife -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''भाल''' -- the forehead, brow, above the eyebrows -- ನೆತ್ತಿ '''भालना''' -- to look after, to keep a watch -- ಎಚ್ಚರ ಎಡ್ '''भाला''' -- a spear, lance, javelin -- ಈಟಿ, ಭರ್ಜಿ '''भालू''' -- a bear -- ಕರಡಿ '''भाव''' -- an ideogram -- ಭಾವನೆ, ಬೆಲೆ, ಹಾವಭಾವ '''भाव गति''' -- desire, aspiration, yearning -- ಆಸೆ, ಬಯಕೆ '''भाव ग्तही''' -- one who understands -- ಅರ್ಥ ಮಾಡಿಯವಂವ '''भाव चेण्टित्त''' -- amorous gesture -- ಕೊದಿಕಾಟುವ, ಪ್ರೀತಿರಕಳಿ '''भांवआठेग''' -- passion, intensity, ardor -- ಮೋಹ '''भावक''' -- apprecitative, comprehend, admire -- ಅರ್ಥ ಆಪದ್, ಮೆಚ್ಚುವಂತದ್ '''भावगुद्धि''' -- purity of mind -- ಮನಸ್‌ರ ಶುದ್ಧಿ '''भावज''' -- sister in law -- ಮಮ್ಮ '''भावन''' -- conception, comprehension, thinking -- ಭಾವನೆ, ವಿಚಾರ '''भावनयन''' -- abstraction -- ದೂರಕೊಂಡಪೋಪ '''भावना''' -- knowing the heart -- ಭಾವನೆ, ಮನಸ್‌ನ ಅರಿವ '''भावनात्मक''' -- emotional, sentimental, emotive -- ಭಾವನಾಪರ, ಭಾವನಾತ್ಮಕ '''भावनात्मको''' -- emotional, sensitive -- ಭಾವನಾತ್ಮಕ '''भावप्रकारा''' -- expression of one's sentiment -- ಮನಸ್‌ತೊರಂದ್‌ಪರೆ '''भावबोधक''' -- expression announcement, appearance -- ಮನಸ್‌ಲುಳ್ಳನ ಎಣ್ಣುವೊ '''भावभास''' -- affective fallacy -- ಭಾವನೆಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟ '''भाँवर''' -- bee -- ತೇನೊಲಂಜಿ '''भावरुप''' -- absract, essence, outline -- ಸಾರಾಂಶ '''भावानुवाद''' -- free translation -- ಅನುವಾದ, ತರ್ಜುಮೆ '''भावार्थ''' -- sense, purport, substance -- ಭಾವಾರ್ಥ '''भावित''' -- conceived -- ಮನಸ್‌ಲ್ ಗೇನ ಮಾಡ್ '''भावी''' -- future -- ಮಿಂಞತ್‌ರ '''भावुक''' -- sentimental, effusive, emotional -- ಭಾವನಾವಶ '''भावोत्कर्ष''' -- emotional, excellence, elevation -- ಭಾವನಾತ್ಮಕ '''भावोदय''' -- the emergence -- ಪೊರಬೂವದ್ '''भावोद्दीपक''' -- helping to excite the emotions -- ಭಾವನೆನ ಪೊರಬೂಕುವನ್ನತದ್ '''भावोन्तेजक''' -- agitating, provocative, evoke -- ಅರಂಗೇತುವನ್ನತದ್, ಉರಿಕೇರ್‌ಚಿರುವದ್ '''भावोन्मत''' -- emotion, crazy -- ಉದ್ರೇಕ '''भाषण''' -- speech, address, deliver -- ತಕ್ಕ್, ಭಾಷಣ '''भाषा''' -- language, speech, communication -- ಭಾಷೆ, ತಕ್ಕ್ '''भाषाकोध''' -- linguistic comprehension -- ಭಾಷೆರ ಅರ್ಥ ಆಪದ್ '''भाषांतर''' -- translation -- ತರ್ಜುಮೆ '''भाषांतरकार''' -- a translator -- ತರ್ಜುಮೆ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''भाषाबद्ध''' -- written -- ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ನದ್ '''भाषाशान''' -- linguistic knowledge -- ಭಾಷೆರ ಜ್ಞಾನ '''भाषिक''' -- linguistic -- ಭಾಷಾ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''भाषिक परिशुद्धता''' -- linguistic precision -- ಭಾಷೆರ ಪರಿಶುದ್ಧತೆ '''भाषिक संरचना''' -- linguistic structure -- ಭಾಷೆರ ರಚನೆ '''भाषित''' -- uttered, said, spoken -- ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ನದ್ '''भाषी''' -- speaker -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕಾರ '''भाष्य''' -- commentary, criticism, annotation -- ವಿವರಣೆ '''भास''' -- brilliance, ablaze, brain -- ಮಿನ್ನಲ್, ಪ್ರಕಾಶ '''भासित''' -- bright, brilliant, wise -- ಮಿನ್ನುವದ್ '''भासुर''' -- shining, brilliant, glistening -- ಮಿನ್ನುವದ್ '''भास्कर''' -- sun -- ಸೂರ್ಯ '''भास्मावशेष''' -- ashes, death like grayness, vestiges -- ಬೂದಿ '''भिक्षा''' -- alms, charity, begging -- ಭಿಕ್ಷೆ '''भिक्षाटन''' -- going about begging -- ಭಿಕ್ಷೆಬೋಡುವ '''भिक्षार्थी''' -- a beggar -- ಭಿಕ್ಷೆಗಾರ '''भिक्षु''' -- a beggar, impoverished, a penniless person -- ಭಿಕ್ಷೆಗಾರ '''भिखरिणी''' -- a female beggar -- ಭಿಕ್ಷೆಗಾರ್ತಿ '''भिगौना''' -- house hold utensil -- ಮನೆಬಳಕೆರ ಪಾತ್ರೆ '''भिड़''' -- wasp -- ಕಡಂದ್ '''भिड़ना''' -- to collide, to clash, to quarrel -- ಒಂದಾಂಗೊಂದ್ ಡಿಕ್ಕಿಪೊಯ್ಯುವೊ '''भिंडी''' -- vegetable, lady`s finger -- ಬೆಂಡಕ್ಕೆ '''भितलला''' -- the inner side of the clothes, quilt, lining -- ಅಸ್ತ್ರಿ, ಬಟ್ಟೆರ ಒಳ್‌ಲ್‌ಬೆಚ್ಚ ಲೈನಿಂಗ್ '''भित्ति''' -- a wall, bulwark, bastion -- ಕೆಂವ, ಕೋಟೆ ಬತ್ತೇರಿ '''भिदना''' -- to penetrate, to be pierced, to be assimilated -- ಒಳ್‌ಕ್‌ನುಗ್ಗುವ '''भिनकना''' -- to hum, buzz, to swarm -- ಹ್ಂ ಕೂಟುವ '''भिनभिन''' -- buzzing, humming, of a fly, flies -- ಹ್ಂ ಕೂಟುವ ಸದ್ದ್ '''भिनसार''' -- dawn, day break -- ಪೊಲಂಜತಿ, ಪೊಲುವ ನೇರ '''भिन्न''' -- different, distinct, diverse -- ಬೋರೆಯಾನ '''भिन्नता''' -- difference, distinction, dissimilarity -- ಬೋರೆ, ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ '''भिन्नार्थी''' -- distinct meaning -- ವಿಶೇಷ ಪಟ್ಟ '''भिर्गोना''' -- to wet, to drench, to soak -- ನೆಲತ್, ಪುಂಡೆಮಾಡ್ '''भिश्ती''' -- water carier -- ನೀರ್‌ಕೊಂಡ ಪೋಪ ಪಾತ್ರೆ, ಕರುವ. '''भी''' -- also, too, even -- ಅದೂ ಕೂಡಿ, ಸಹ. '''भींचना''' -- to grasp tightly -- ಸೆರಿಕ್ ಅರ್ಥ ಮಾಡಿಯವ '''भीड़''' -- a crowd, mob, multitude -- ಗುಂಪು '''भीत''' -- afraid, scared, fearful -- ಪೋಡಿ, ಬೊತ್ತ್‌ನದ್ '''भीतर''' -- inside -- ಒಳ್‌ಲ್ '''भीतरी''' -- internal, interior, existing -- ಒಳಿಯತದ್ '''भीति''' -- fear, fright, dismay -- ಪೋಡಿ '''भींना''' -- to get wet, to be soaked, to be drenched -- ಪುಂಡೆಯಾಪ, ನೆಲಂದೋಪ '''भीनी''' -- pleasant, friendly, delightful -- ಕುಸಿತಪ್ಪನ್ನತ '''भीम''' -- terrible, awful, tremendous -- ಭಯಂಕರ '''भीरू''' -- timid, cowardly, timorous -- ಹೇಡಿ, ಧೈರ್ಯ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''भीषण''' -- fearful, timid, uneasy -- ಪೋಡಿಯಾಪನ್ನತದ್ '''भीषणकार''' -- terrible, horrible, dire -- ಭಯಂಕರವಾನ '''भींस''' -- alams, begging, impoverty -- ಬೋಡುವ '''भुककड़''' -- starving, starved, hungry -- ಪಟ್ಟಣಿ '''भुकहा''' -- haunted by ghost -- ಕೂಳಿಕಾಟ '''भुक्त''' -- enjoyed, used, fancy -- ಕುಸಿಪಟ್ಟಂಡ '''भुक्ति''' -- enjoyment, use, possession -- ಸಂತೋಷ, ಕುಸಿ '''भुगतान''' -- payment, to deliver, to settle -- ಸಂಬಳ '''भुगताना''' -- to suffer, to bear, to undergo -- ತೊಂದರೆಪಡ್, ಕಷ್ಟಪಡ್ '''भुच्चड़''' -- stupid, foolish, idiotic -- ಬಡ್‌ಕ್, ಬುದ್ಧಿಯಿಲ್ಲತ, ಪೆದ್ದ, ಪೊಟ್ಟ. '''भुज''' -- an arm, side of a triangle -- ಕೈ '''भुजंग''' -- a snake, serpent -- ಪಾಂಬು '''भुजा''' -- an arm, side of a triangle -- ತ್ರಿಕೋನತ್‌ರಬರಿ, ರಟ್ಟೆ '''भुजाली''' -- a small dagger -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಬಾಳ್ '''भुजिया''' -- a cooked green vegetable -- ಕರಿಮಾಡ್‌ನ ತರಕಾರಿ '''भुजौना''' -- parched grain, food product -- ಬರತದ್ '''भुट्टा''' -- maize-corn -- ಜೋಳ '''भुतनी''' -- female ghost -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಕೂಳಿ '''भुतहा''' -- evil sprit, harmful, very cruel -- ಕೂಳಿ, ಪೀಡೆ '''भुनगा''' -- an insect, a maggot -- ಪುಳು, ಕ್ರಿಮಿ '''भुनभुनाना''' -- gobbling, inarticulate non stop expression of indignation -- ಗಬಗಬತಿಂಬ ಮುಗ್ಗುವ '''भुनाई''' -- the act of or charges paid for -- ಕ್ರಯಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್ '''भुनाना''' -- to encash, to get parched, to cash -- ಪಣಎಡ್‌ತವ '''भुर भुरा''' -- crisp, friable, dry and powdery -- ಕರುಂ ಕುರುಂ '''भुरकुस''' -- powder -- ಪೊಡಿ '''भुलक्कड़''' -- forgetful -- ಮರಂದ್ ಪೋಪನ್ನತದ್ '''भुलावा''' -- feint, dodge, an illusion -- ನಟನೆ, ತಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟವ '''भुवन''' -- the world, earth, globe -- ಭೂಮಿ, ಲೋಕ '''भुवन्त''' -- enjoyed, used, consumed -- ಕುಸಿಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''भुस''' -- straw, chaff -- ಪಿಲ್ಲ್, ತೌಡ್ '''भू''' -- earth, the world, ground -- ಭೂಮಿ, ನೆಲ '''भूँकना''' -- to bark, to gabble -- ಬೊಗಳ್ '''भूकंप''' -- an earth quake, seism -- ಭೂಕಂಪ '''भूख''' -- hunger, appetite, desire -- ಪೈಪ್, ಕೆಲ ಬೈಪ '''भूखा''' -- hungry, esurient, craving -- ಕೆಲಬೈಚ '''भूगर्भ''' -- underground, interior of the earth -- ಭೂಮಿರೊಳ್ '''भूगोल''' -- geography -- ಭೂಗೋಳ '''भूचाल''' -- earth quake -- ಭೂಕಂಪ '''भूँजना''' -- parched, grain, blast -- ಬರ್‌ತದ್ '''भूजी''' -- the birch -- ಅಟ್ಟೆ ಮಿನ್‌ಙನೆ ಉಳ್ಳ ಓರ್‌ಜಾತಿ ಮರ '''भूटानी''' -- Bhutani language -- ಭೂತಾನಿಯಡ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''भूत''' -- ghost, sprit, soul -- ಕೂಳಿ, ಪೀಡೆ '''भूतत्व विज्ञान''' -- geology -- ಭೂಗರ್ಬಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''भूतपूर्व''' -- former, earlier, ex -- ಕಯಿಂಜಿ ಪೋನದ್ '''भूतप्रेत''' -- evil spirits -- ಕೂಳಿಮಾರಿ '''भूतयोनि''' -- demonic existence -- ಕೂಳಿ ಪೊದ್ದ್‌ನಂವ '''भूतल''' -- the surface of earth -- ಭೂಮಿರ ಮೇಲೆ '''भूतविद्या''' -- ghostology, demonology -- ಕೂಳಿಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''भूताविष्ट''' -- possessed of an evil spirit -- ಕೂಳಿಪುಡ್‌ಚಂಡ '''भूदान''' -- gift of land -- ಭೂಮಿದಾನ '''भूदेव''' -- brahman -- ಪಟ್ಟ '''भूधर''' -- a mountain, hill, Lord Vishnu -- ಕುಂದ್, ವಿಷ್ಣು '''भूनना''' -- to parch, to fry -- ಬರೆ (ಓಡ್?ಲ್ ಬರಪ) '''भूप''' -- king -- ರಾಜ '''भूपाल''' -- a king ruler -- ಭೂಮಿ ಆಳುವಂವ '''भूभल''' -- hot sand -- ಕಾಂಜಮಣ '''भूमध्य''' -- middle of the earth -- ಭೂಮಿರ ನಡು '''भूमा''' -- God -- ದೇವ '''भूमि''' -- the earth, land, soil -- ಭೂಮಿ '''भूमिका''' -- introduction, background, ground work -- ಪೀಠಿಕೆ '''भूमिगत''' -- underground -- ಭೂಮಿರೊಳ್ '''भूमितत्व''' -- pedology -- ಮಣ್ಣ್‌ರ ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ '''भूमिधर''' -- land owner -- ಭೂಮಿರ ಯಜಮಾನ '''भूयस''' -- abundant, plenty of, much -- ದುಂಬ, ಬೋಂಡಿಯಚ್ಚಕ್ '''भूरि''' -- much, very much -- ದುಂಬ '''भूल''' -- a slip, error, mistake -- ತಪ್ಪು '''भूलना''' -- to forget, omit, misremember -- ಮರಪ '''भूलाबिसरा''' -- forgotten, neglected, overlooked -- ಮರಂದ್ ಪೋನ '''भूलाभटका''' -- strayed, arrest, detain -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ ತಪ್ಪಿ ಪೋನ '''भूलोक''' -- the earth, the world -- ಭೂಮಿ '''भूश''' -- brown, gray -- ಬೂದಿರಂಗ್ '''भूषण''' -- an ornament, jewellery, decorate -- ಮಾಲ್‌ಮಟ '''भूषा''' -- embellishment, adorn, enrich -- ಚಿಂಗಾರ ಮಾಡುವ, ಅಲಂಕಾರ '''भूषिता''' -- decorated, ornamentation, trinket -- ಚಿಂಗಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''भूँसना''' -- to bark, to shout, to yell -- ಬೊಗಳ್ '''भूसा''' -- cut straw, chaff -- ಪಿಲ್ಲ್, ತೌಡ್ '''भूसी''' -- husk, bran, chaff -- ಉಮಿ, ತೌಡ್ '''भृकुटि''' -- eyebrow -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ರ ಕುಯಿಬ್ '''भृंग''' -- a kind of large black bee -- ತುಂಬಿ '''भृत्य''' -- a servant, ancillary, bearer -- ಆಳ್, ಸೇವಕ '''भेजना''' -- to send, consign, convey -- ಅಯಿಪ '''भेजा''' -- the brain, cerebrum, sensory -- ತಲ್ಚೇರ್, ಮಿದ್‌ಳ್ '''भेझ''' -- vulnerable -- ಗಾಯ ಆಪಂತ '''भेंट''' -- present, gift, remuneration -- ಇನಾಂ, ಬೋಮಾನ '''भेंट अकँवार''' -- embrace, accept, clasp -- ತಬ್ಬಿಯವ, ಸ್ವೀಕಾರ ಮಾಡುವ. '''भेंटना''' -- to embrace, to meet -- ತಬ್ಬಿಯವ '''भेंटवाती''' -- an interview, test, evaluation -- ಪೋಯಿತ್‌ಕಾಂಬ '''भेड़''' -- a sheep, timid person, afraid -- ಕೊರಿ, ಹೇಡಿ '''भेड़ना''' -- to close, to shut, to an end -- ಮುಚ್ಚ್ '''भेड़िया''' -- wolf -- ತೋಳಂಗ '''भेद''' -- a secret, difference, conflict -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್, ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ '''भेदकरना''' -- to make a difference -- ಭಿನ್ನ ಭೇದಮಾಡ್ '''भेददेना''' -- to leak out a secret -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್‌ಬುಡುವ '''भेदना''' -- the act of piercing -- ಕುತ್ತುವ, ತೂತ್‌ಮಾಡುವ '''भेदनीति''' -- policy of discrimination -- ಭಿನ್ನ ಭೇದ ಕಾಟುವ '''भेदपाना''' -- to know the secret of -- ಗುಟ್ಟರಿವ '''भेदबुद्दि''' -- discrimination, differention -- ಭೇದ ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''भेदित''' -- pierce, bored, drilled -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಕುಯಿಚ, ಕೊರಂಡ್‌ನ '''भेदिया''' -- a spy, intelligence agent -- ಗೂಢಾಚಾರ '''भेदी''' -- a secret sharer -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್‌ಲ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಎಡ್‌ತಂಡಂವ '''भेरी''' -- a kind of drum -- ಚಂಡೆ, ತಮ್ಮಟೆ '''भेली''' -- a lump of -- ಮುದ್ದೆ, ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ '''भेष''' -- appearence, becoming available, aspect -- ಚೇರೆ, ಪೊರಮೆಕಾಂಬದ್ '''भेषज''' -- a drug, medicine, medication -- ಮದ್ದ್ '''भेषजागार''' -- a medical-store, drughouse -- ಮದ್ದಂಗಡಿ '''भेस''' -- appearance, arrival, demeanor -- ಚೇರೆ, ಗುರ್‌ತ್ '''भैंगा''' -- squint-eyes -- ತೆತ್ತರೆ ಕಣ್ಣ್, ವಾರೆ ಕಣ್ಣ್ '''भैया''' -- brother -- ಅಣ್ಣ ಅಥವಾ ತಮ್ಮಣ '''भैरव''' -- terrible, aweful, lord Shiva -- ಭಯಂಕರ, ಬೊತ್ತುವಂತ '''भैषजिक''' -- pharmacist, chemist, drug seller -- ಮದ್ದ್ ಮಾರುವಂವ '''भैंस''' -- a she-buffalo -- ಎಮ್ಮೆ '''भोंकना''' -- to poke, pushing -- ಕುತ್ತ್, ತಮಾಸಿ ಮಾಡ್ '''भोक्तव्य''' -- enjoyable, delight in, rejoice in -- ಕುಸಿಪಡುವಂತ '''भोक्ता''' -- experiences, encounter, practice -- ಅನುಭವ, ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ '''भोग''' -- enjoyment, recreation, take pleasure -- ಸಂತೋಷ, ಕುಸಿ '''भोगना''' -- to enjoy, rejoice in, savor -- ಕುಸಿಪಡ್ '''भोज''' -- feast, banquet, lavish meal -- ಗದ್ದಾಳತ್‌ರ ಊಟ '''भोजन''' -- food, meals -- ಊಟ, ಆಹಾರ '''भोजनालय''' -- mess, portion of food -- ಊಟತ್‌ರ ಮನೆ '''भोंडा''' -- ill-shaped, frail, queer -- ವಿಕಾರ, ಚಾಯಿಲ್ಲತದ್, ಬಲ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್. '''भोंदू''' -- dullard, booby, stupid -- ದಡ್ಡ, ಹೆಡ್ಡ '''भोर''' -- dawn, daybreak, sunrise -- ಪೊಲಂಜತಿ, ಪೊಲಾಕ ನೇರ್ತೆ '''भौंकना''' -- to bark, shout, bellow -- ಬೊಗಳ್, ಕೂತ್‌ಕೊಡ್ '''भौगौलिक''' -- geographical -- ಭೂಗೋಳಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''भौतिक''' -- material -- ಭೌತಿಕ, ವಸ್ತು '''भौंर''' -- a whirpool, a black bee -- ನೀರ್‌ರ ಸುಳಿ, ಕರ್ತ ಕಡಂದ್, ತುಂಬಿ. '''भ्रमण''' -- wander, roam, ramble -- ಸುತ್ತಿಕಳಿಪ '''भ्रमात्मक''' -- illusive, delusion, apparition -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಕೆಟ್ಟ್, ಭ್ರಮೆ '''भ्रमित''' -- confused, baffled, distracted -- ಗಾಬರಿ ಆನ, ಭಂಗಪಡತ್‌ವ '''भ्रंश''' -- breakdown -- ಕಾಯಿಲೆ ಬುದ್ದ '''भ्रंशन''' -- breach, breakdown, falling -- ಕಾನೂನ್ ಮರಂದದ್, ನಿಯಮ ವಿರ್‌ನ '''भ्रष्ट''' -- corrupted, bribed, contaminated -- ಭ್ರಷ್ಟ, ಮೋಸಗಾರ, ಲಂಚಕೋರ '''भ्रष्टाचार उन्मूलन''' -- abolition of corruption -- ಭ್ರಷ್ಟಚಾರ ಇಲ್ಲತಾಕುವ '''भ्रष्टाचारग्रस्त''' -- corrupt, decayed, fraudulent -- ಭ್ರಷ್ಟ '''भ्रांत''' -- misled, mistaken -- ತಪ್ಪು ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಪುಡೆಚಂವ '''भ्राता''' -- brother -- ಅಣ್ಣ ಅಥವಾ ತಮ್ಮಣ '''भ्रांति''' -- error, mistake, distortion -- ತಪ್ಪು '''भ्रातू''' -- a brother -- ಅಣ್ಣ/ತಮ್ಮಣ '''भ्रातृ स्नेह''' -- brotherly affection -- ಸಹೋದರತ್ವ '''भ्रू''' -- an eyebrow -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಕುಯಿಬ್ '''भ्रूण''' -- foetus -- ಭ್ರೂಣ '''भ्रूणहत्या''' -- foeticide -- ಭ್ರೂಣ ಹತ್ಯ, ಪೆರಿಗೆಕ್ ಮಿಂಞ ಕುಂಞಿನ ಕೊಲ್ಲುವ. '''भ्रूणीथ''' -- embryological -- ಭ್ರೂಣಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''भ्रौणिकी''' -- embryology -- ಭ್ರೂಣಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''म''' -- the fifth and final letter of the fifth pentad -- ಪವರ್ಗತ್‌ರ ಆಕೀರಿ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''मकडा''' -- a large spider -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಜೇಡ, ಎಟ್ಟ್‌ಗಾಲ '''मकतबा''' -- a book-shop -- ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಅಂಗಡಿ '''मकर''' -- capricorn, tenth sign of a zodiac -- ಮಕರ ರಾಶಿ '''मकरंद''' -- a juice of a flower -- ಪೂರ ರಸ '''मक़सद''' -- aim, objective -- ಗುರಿ, ಉದ್ದೇಶ '''मकान''' -- house, a residence -- ಮನೆ '''मक्कार''' -- cunning, deceitful -- ಚದಿಯ, ಮೋಸಗಾರ '''मक्खन''' -- butter -- ನೆಯ್ಯಿ, ಬೊಣ್ಣೆ ನೆಯ್ಯಿ '''मक्खनबाज''' -- a flatterer, sychophant -- ಹೊಗಳ್‌ಬಟ್ಟ '''मक्खीचूस''' -- stingy, niggardly -- ಜೀನೆ, ಕಂಜೂಸ್, ನಾಸ್‌ಲ '''मख''' -- a sacrifice -- ತ್ಯಾಗ, ಬುಟ್ಟ್‌ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''मखमल''' -- (English Meaning not provided) -- ಮಕ್‌ಮಲ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಸಿಲ್ಕ್ '''मखौल''' -- a joke, mockery -- ಐಲಾಟ '''मग''' -- way, path, a mug -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ನಡಪ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''मगज''' -- brain, kernel, marrow -- ಮೆದ್‌ಳ್, ತಲಚೇರ್ '''मँगना''' -- a beggar -- ಭಿಕ್ಷುಕ ಬೋಡುವಂವ '''मँगनी''' -- be throthal, engagement -- ಲಗ್ನ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ, ಮಂಗಲಕುರಿ '''मगर''' -- a crocodile -- ಮೊಸಳೆ '''मगरूर''' -- proud, arrogant -- ಬಡಾಯಿ, ಅಹಂಕಾರಿ '''मंगल''' -- a planet, auspiciousness, a bliss, tuesday -- ಮಂಗಳಗ್ರಹ, ಶುಭ '''मंगलसूत्र''' -- a sacred marriage thread worn by a woman: सधवा स्त्रीले 4. घाँटीमा लगाउने सौभाग्यको प्रतीक, एक किसिमको आभूषण: -- ಪತ್ತಾಕ್ (ತಾಳಿ) '''मंगलाचरण''' -- benedictory verses -- ಆಶೀರ್ವಾದ ಮಾಡುವ ಪಾಟ್ '''मंगलामुखी''' -- a prostitute -- ಚೂಳೆ '''मँगाना''' -- to order -- ಆಜ್ಞೆ '''मंगोल''' -- a central asian tribe -- ಮಂಗೋಲಿಯ ಜನಾಂಗ '''मग्न''' -- absorbed, engaged -- ಹೀರಿಯಂಡದ್, ಏದೊ ಗೇನತ್ ಮುಳ್‌ನಂವ '''मंच''' -- a stage, platform -- ದ್‌ಟ್ಟೆ, ವೇದಿಕೆ '''मचक''' -- creaking or bending -- ಕಿರಿಕಿರಿ ಶಬ್ದ '''मचकना''' -- to tramp, tp creak -- ಚೌಟುವ '''मचलाना''' -- to nauseate, to feel like vomitting -- ಕಾರಬಪ್ಪ (ವಾಂತಿಬಪ್ಪ) '''मचान''' -- a raised platform -- ಎತ್ತರತ್‌ರ ವೇದಿಕೆ '''मच्छड़''' -- a mosquito -- ಸೊಳ್ಳೆ '''मछली''' -- a fish -- ಮೀನ್ '''मजकूर''' -- said, mentioned -- ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ಚಿ, ಎಣ್ಣದ್ '''मजदूर''' -- a labourer, worker -- ಪಣಿಕಾರ '''मजदूरी''' -- wages, labour charges -- ಕೂಲಿ, ಸಂಬಳ '''मंजन''' -- tooth poowder -- ಪಲ್ಲ್‌ಪೊಡಿ '''मजबूत''' -- strong) strong, sturdy -- ಗಟ್ಟಿ '''मजबूती''' -- durability, firmness -- ಬಾಳಿಕೆ ಬಪ್ಪ '''मजबूर''' -- helplessness, compulsion -- ಅಸಹಾಯಕತೆ '''मजबूरन''' -- under pressure, being compelled -- ಒತ್ತಾಯ '''मजमा''' -- gathering, crowd, a meeting -- ಕೂಡುವ, ಜನಡ ಗುಂಪು '''मजमून''' -- topic, subject -- ವಿಷಯ '''मंजरी''' -- sprout, new shoots -- ಮೊಳೆ '''मजलिस''' -- assembly, meeting -- ಸಭೆ '''मजहब''' -- religion, creed -- ಮತ ಧರ್ಮ '''मजा''' -- pleasure, relish -- ಕುಶಿ '''मजाक''' -- joke, prank -- ಐಲಾಟ '''मजाजी''' -- mundane, earthly -- ಈ ಲೋಕಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟ, ಸಾಂಸಾರಿಕ '''मंजिल''' -- destination, storey -- ಗುರಿ, ಮುಟ್ಟಂಡಿಯ ಜಾಗ '''मजिस्ट्रेट''' -- magistrate -- ಮ್ಯಾಜಿಸ್ಟ್ರೇಟ್ '''मंजीर''' -- cymbals, an anklet -- ತಾಳಮಣಿ, ಕಾಲ್ ಬಳೆ '''मंजु''' -- beautiful, pretty -- ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳ '''मंजूर''' -- approved, granted -- ಒತ್ತಿತ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್ '''मंजूषा''' -- a casket, box -- ಮಾಲ್ ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ, ಚಿಂಗಾರ ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ '''मज्जन''' -- bathing, dipping -- ಕುಳಿಪ '''मझधार''' -- midstream,, mid current -- ಪೊಳೆರನಡು '''मझला''' -- middle, mid -- ನಡು, ಮಧ್ಯ '''मझोला''' -- medium sized -- ಸಾಧಾರಣ ಅಳತೆರ '''मटक''' -- coquetry, strut -- ನೆಳಿಕಳಿ, ಕೊಣಿಕಳಿ '''मटका''' -- a large earthen pot -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಮಣ್ಣ್‌ಕುಡಿಕೆ, ಕುಟ್ಟುವ '''मटकी''' -- a small earthen pot, pitcher -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಮಣ್ಣ್‌ಕುಡಿಕೆ '''मटमैला''' -- dusty, dust-coloured -- ಧೂಳಾನ, ಧೂಳ್‌ದುಂಬ್‌ನ '''मटर''' -- pea -- ಬಟಾಣಿ '''मटरगश्त''' -- vagrant, poving, a stray walk, a ramble -- ತುಕ್ಕಿ ನಡಪಂವ, ಕಾಲಾಡಿ '''मटियाना''' -- to cleanse or cover with soil, dust -- ಕತ್ತ್, ಶುದ್ಧ ಮಾಡ್ '''मटियामेट''' -- undone, ruined -- ಮಾಡತದ್, ನಾಶ ಆನದ್ '''मटियाला''' -- dust-coloured, dusty; hence -- ಧೂಳ್ ದುಂಬ್‌ನ '''मट्ठ''' -- slow, sluggish -- ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ '''मट्ठा''' -- butter-milk -- ಮೋರ್ '''मठ''' -- a monastery -- ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಮಠ '''मठ-धारी''' -- an abbot; chief of a monastery -- ಮಠತ್‌ರ ಮುಕ್ರಿ '''मड़ई''' -- a small hut, cottage -- ಗುಡಿಸಲ್ '''मंडन''' -- corroboration, decoration -- ದೃಢಪಡತುವ, ಸಮರ್ಥನೆ '''मंडप''' -- pavilion -- ಮಂಟಪ '''मंडराना''' -- to hover -- ಪಾರಿಕಳಿ, ಸುತ್ತಿಕಳಿ '''मंडल''' -- circle, zone -- ಮಂಡಲ '''मंडलाकार''' -- circular -- ಉರ್‌ಟಾನ '''मंडली''' -- party, team -- ಗುಂಪು '''मंडित''' -- corroborated -- ದೃಢಪಡ್‌ತ್‌ನದ್ '''मंडी''' -- a wholesale market -- ಮಂಡಿ '''मंडूक''' -- a frog -- ಕಪ್ಪೆ '''मढ़ना''' -- to frame, to mount -- ಪ್ರೇಮ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟುವ '''मढ़ना-जिल्द''' -- to blnd -- ಮುರ್‌ಕಿ ಕಟ್ಟ್ '''मढ़ना-सिर''' -- to impose on, to compel to accept -- ಒತ್ತಾಯ ಮಾಡ್ '''मणि''' -- a jewel, gem -- ಮಾಲ್ '''मणि- कार''' -- a jeweller -- ಮಾಲ್ ಮಾಡುವಂವ, ತಟ್ಟ. '''मणि- फेंककर काँच बटोरना''' -- to throw away gems and collect glass pieces -- ವಜ್ರಕನ್‌ಚಿ ತ್‌ಕನ್ನಡಿ ಚೂರ್ ಪೊರ್‌ಕ್‌ಚಿ '''मणि- मंडित''' -- studded with jewels -- ಮಣಿಕೊಯತದ್ '''मणि-कांचन योग''' -- a rare harmonious and beautiful combination -- ಸರಿಯಾನ ಜೋಡಿ '''मणि-दीप''' -- be-jewelled or gem-studded lamp -- ಮಣಿಕೊಯತ ಬೊಳ್ಚ '''मणि-बंध''' -- the wrist -- ಮಣಿ ಕಟ್ಟ್, ತಟ್ಟ್‌ಕೈ '''मणि-राज''' -- a diamond -- ವಜ್ರ '''मत''' -- an opinion,view, belief -- ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ, ನಂಬಿಕೆ '''मत-केन्द्र''' -- polling, casting of votes -- ಓಟ್‌ಡ್‌ವ '''मत-गणना''' -- counting of votes -- ಓಟ್‌ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಮಾಡುವ '''मत-दान''' -- poll, polling -- ಓಟ್ '''मत-पेटिका''' -- a ballot box -- ಬ್ಯಾಲೆಟ್ ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ '''मत-वाद''' -- dogma, doctrine -- ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''मतंग''' -- an elephant -- ಆನೆ '''मतदाता''' -- voter, an elector -- ಓಟ್ ಇಡುವಂವ '''मतपत्र''' -- ballot, ballot paper -- ಬ್ಯಾಲೆಟ್ ಪೇಪರ್ '''मतभेद''' -- disagreement, difference of opinion -- ವಿರೋಧ, ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಭೇದ '''मतलब''' -- meaning purpose, concern -- ಅರ್ಥ '''मतलब-वी''' -- selfish, self-concerned -- ಸ್ವಾರ್ಥಿ '''मतलाना''' -- to nauseate, to feel like vomiting, to feel sick -- ಕಾರುವ, ವಾಂತಿ ಮಾಡುವ '''मतवाला''' -- intoxicated, drunken -- ಕಳ್ಳ್ ಪತ್ತ್‌ನ '''मता''' -- assets, wealth -- ಆಸ್ತಿ '''मतांतर''' -- other-different opinion, divergent view -- ಬೋರೆ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''मतांध''' -- a fanatic, dogmatic -- ಹಟತ್‌ರ, ತಾಂಡದೇ ಆಂಡೂಂದ್ ಹಟ. '''मताधिकार''' -- franchise, suffrage -- ಓಟ್‌ಡುವ ಹಕ್ಕ್ '''मताधिकारी''' -- an eligible voter, one who is authorised to vote -- ಓಟ್‌ಡುವಂವ '''मति''' -- intellect, understanding -- ಬುದ್ಧಿಶಕ್ತಿ '''मति-भ्रम-भ्रांति''' -- jalucination, confusion -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಸೆರಿಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''मति-भ्रंश''' -- psychosis, derangement -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಕೆಟ್ಟದ್ '''मति-भ्रष्ट''' -- deranged, mentally derailed -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಕೆಟ್ಟದ್ '''मति-मंद''' -- idiot, low-wited -- ಮುಟ್ಟಾಳ, ಪೆದ್ದ '''मति-हीन''' -- stupid, foolish -- ಮುಟ್ಟಾಳ, ಪೊಟ್ಟ '''मतिमान''' -- intelligent, wise -- ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ '''मतैक्य''' -- unanimity, agreement -- ಒಗ್ಗಟ್ಟ್ '''मत्त''' -- drunken, intoxicated -- ಕುಡ್‌ಚಂವ '''मत्था''' -- the forehead, head -- ನೆತ್ತಿ, ಮಂಡೆ '''मंत्र''' -- a sell, incantation -- ಮಂತ್ರ, ಮೋಡಿ '''मंत्रकार''' -- one who composes mantra: मन्त्रद्रष्टा, मन्त्र बनाउने ऋषि : -- ಮಾಂತ್ರಿಕ, ಮಂತ್ರಕಾರ '''मंत्रणा''' -- advice, counsel -- ಬುದ್ಧಿತಕ್ಕ್, ಬುದ್ಧಿವಾದ '''मंत्रमुग्ध''' -- मोहित पारिएको, महनी लाइएको, लट्ठ तुल्याइएको : -- ಸದ್ದಿಲ್ಲತೆ '''मंत्रालय''' -- ministry -- ಮಂತ್ರಿ ಮಂಡಲ '''मंत्री''' -- a minister -- ಮಂತ್ರಿ, ದಿವಾನ '''मत्स-र''' -- jealousy, jeal-ousness -- ಕೇಡ್‌ಕಿಚ್ಚ್ '''मत्स्य''' -- a fish -- ವಿನ್ '''मत्स्य-जीवी''' -- one who lives on fishing, fisherman -- ಬೆಸ್ತ '''मत्स्य-पालन''' -- pisci culture -- ವಿನ್‌ಚಾಕುವ '''मत्स्य-भक्षी-भोजी''' -- fish eater, piscivorous -- ವಿನ್‌ತಿಂಬಂವ '''मत्स्यावतार''' -- the first of the ten incarnation of Lord Vishnu -- ವಿಷ್ಣುರ ಪತ್ತ್ ಅವತಾರತ್‌ಲ್ ಸುರೂವತ ಅವತಾರ '''मथन''' -- churning, stirring -- ಕಲ್‌ಕುವ '''मंथन''' -- churning, stirring -- ಕಲಕುವ '''मँथनी''' -- churning pot -- ಮೋರ್‌ಕುತ್ತಿ, ಕಲಕುವ ಪಾತ್ರ. '''मंथर''' -- slow, sluggish -- ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ '''मथित''' -- churned, deeply stirred -- ಚಾಯಿತೆ ಕಲ್‌ಕ್‌ನದ್ '''मद''' -- intoxication, passion -- ಕಳ್ಳ್‌ಮಂಡೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತುವ '''मंद''' -- slow, tardy -- ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ, ಮೈಂದ '''मद-मत्त''' -- passionate, intoxicated -- ಮುಂಜೆಡಿಕಾರ '''मदद''' -- help, assistance -- ಸಹಾಯ '''मदद-गार''' -- helper, supporter -- ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''मदन-दहन, रिपु''' -- an epithet of Lord Shiv -- ಶಿವಂಡ ವಿಶೇಷಣ '''मदन-मोहन''' -- Lord Krishna -- ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣ '''मदहोश''' -- dead drunk, intoxicated out of senses, rendered senseless -- ಸೋಯ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಕುಡಿಪ '''मदांध''' -- passion-blind, drunken -- ಮದಕೇರ್‌ನ '''मदिर''' -- liquor, wine -- ಕಳ್ಳ್ '''मंदिर''' -- a temple -- ತಿರಿಕೆ '''मदिरा-गृह/लय''' -- भट्टी पसल, कच्चा गड्डी, रक्सी बेच्ने दोकान: -- ಚಾಪೆ ಕಳ್ಳ್ ಚಾಪೆ '''मदोद्धत''' -- deeply arrogant, passionately proud -- ದುಂಬಾ ಅಹಂಕಾರಿ '''मदोन्मत्त''' -- arrogant, intoxicated -- ಮೊಂಡ, ಹಟಮಾರಿ '''मद्दा''' -- cheap, in depression -- ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಕ್ರಯತ್‌ರ '''मद्दे नजर''' -- in view -- ಕಾಂಬದ್ '''मद्ध (द्धि)''' -- slow, dim -- ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ '''मद्य''' -- wine, liquor -- ಕಳ್ಳ್, ವೈನ್ '''मद्य- प,पायी''' -- one who consumes liquor, drinks -- ಕುಡಿಪಂವ '''मद्योन्माद''' -- alcoholomania, intoxication -- ಕಳ್ಳ್‌ರ ಪುಚ್ಚಿ '''मधु -कंठ''' -- having a melodious voice, a cuckoo -- ನಲ್ಲರಾಗ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ '''मधु -सूदन''' -- an epitet of Lord Krishna -- ಕೃಷ್ಣಂಡ ಪೆದ '''मधु-कोश''' -- bee-hive -- ತೇನ್‌ಗೂಡ್ '''मधु-पर्क''' -- a beverage prepared in olden times by mixing curd, honey -- ಮೋರ್ ತೇನ್‌ಕೂಟಿತ್‌ಮಾಡ್‌ನ ಪಾನೀಯ '''मधु-पायी''' -- a large black bee, a liquor- addict -- ತುಂಬಿ, ಕಳ್ಳ್ ಪಿರಾಂದ '''मधु-मक्खी''' -- honey-bee, bee -- ತೇನೊಲಂಜಿ '''मधु-मय''' -- sweet, attractive, beautiful -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ '''मधु-मास''' -- the month of heralding the spring -- ವಸಂತ ಋತು '''मधु-मेह''' -- diabetes -- ಸಕ್ಕರೆ ಕಾಯಿಲ '''मधु-यामिनी''' -- the first night of a couple's union -- ಕೋಂಬರೆಕ್ ಕೂಟ್‌ನ ದಿನ '''मधु-रस''' -- honey-dew -- ತೇಂದುಳಿ '''मधु-राज, लोलुप''' -- a large black bee, obe who goes in quest of sweethness -- ತೇನೊಲಂಜಿ, ತುಂಬಿ '''मधुकर''' -- a large black bee -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಕರ್‌ತ ತೇನೊಲಂಜಿ '''मधुर''' -- sweet, melodious, pleasant -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ, ರಾಗತ್‌ರ '''मधुर-भाषी''' -- honey- tongued, sweet-spoken -- ಸಕ್ಕರೆ ಬಾಯ '''मधुरित''' -- sweetened -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''मधुरिमा''' -- sweetness, harmoniousness -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ '''मध्य''' -- middle, central -- ನಡು '''मध्य मार्गी''' -- centrist, steering, the middle course -- ಎಡೆಬಟ್ಟೆರ '''मध्य-काल''' -- mediaeval period -- ಮಧ್ಯಯುಗ, ಪಂಡ್ '''मध्य-कालीन''' -- mediavevalism -- ಮಧ್ಯೆಯುಗತ್‌ರ, ಪಂಡೇತ '''मध्य-ता''' -- the middle position of a thing -- ವಸ್ತುರ ನಡು '''मध्य-पंक्ति''' -- middle row -- ನಡುಸಾಲ್ '''मध्य-पद''' -- means, the term situated in between -- ಸಾಧನ, ಸಂಪಾದನೆ, ನಡವತ ಶಬ್ದ '''मध्य-पूर्व''' -- middle -east, pre-middle -- ಮಧ್ಯ ಪೂರ್ವ ದೇಶ '''मध्य-मार्ग''' -- middle course, moderate course -- ನಡುವತ್‌ರ '''मध्य-युग''' -- the middle ages -- ಮಧ್ಯಯುಗ '''मध्य-युगी''' -- (person etc) belonging to or characteristic of the mediaeval times -- ಮಧ್ಯಯುಗ ತ್‌ರಂವ '''मध्य-रात्रि''' -- midnight, dead of night -- ನಡಪಾದ್ರ '''मध्य-वर्ग''' -- middle class -- ಗರೀಬ, ಶ್ರೀಮಂತಂಡ ನಡುಉಳ್ಳ '''मध्य-वर्ती''' -- central, in termediary -- ಕೇಂದ್ರೀಯ '''मध्यम''' -- medium, middle, intermediate -- ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ, ನಡುವತ '''मध्यस्थ''' -- intermediate, situated in the middle -- ನಡುರ '''मध्यांतर''' -- interval, intermission -- ನಡುರ ವಿರಾಮ '''मध्याह्न''' -- nen, midday -- ಮಜ್ಜಣ '''मन''' -- mind, heart, desire, wish -- ಮನಸ್ '''मन-कल्पित''' -- imaginary,imagined, fancied -- ಮನಸ್‌ಲ್ ಗೇನ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''मन-गंढ़त-घड़ंत''' -- fabricated, concocted -- ತಯಾರ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''मन-चाहा-चीता''' -- favourite, desired -- ಇಷ್ಟಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''मन-पसंद''' -- agrer one's own heart, favourite -- ಕುಶಿಯಾಪದ್ '''मन-बहलाव''' -- amusement, entertainment -- ಕುಶಿ, ಸಂತೋಷ '''मन-मुटाव''' -- bed blood, ill feeling -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''मन-मोदक''' -- castles in the air, day-dreaming, delightful -- ಗಾಳಿ ಗೋಪುರ, ಮನಸ್‌ಲೇ ಸೊಪನ '''मन-मोहन''' -- one who casts a spell of charm -- ಮನಸ್‌ನ ಕುಶಿ ಪಡುತುವಂವ '''मन-मौजी''' -- whimsica, self-willed -- ನೇರಕೋರ್ ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''मन-शांति''' -- mental faculty, moral strength -- ಮನಃಶಾಂತಿ '''मन-स्थिति''' -- meed, state of mind -- ಮನಸ್‌ರ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''मनई''' -- a man -- ಮನುಷ್ಯ '''मनकूला''' -- movable -- ಅಪ್ಪರಿಪ್ಪರ ಪೋಪದ್, ಚಲನೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''मनन''' -- meditation, contemplation -- ಧ್ಯಾನ ಮಾಡುವ '''मनन-शील''' -- meditative, contemplative -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡುವದ್, ಚಿಂತನೆ ಮಾಡುವದ್. '''मनवाना''' -- to cause someone to accept, agree to -- ಒಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''मनश्चक्षु''' -- the mental eye -- ಮನಸ್‌ರೊಳ್‌ರ ಗೇನ '''मनश्चिकि-त्सक''' -- an alienist, a psychotherapist -- ಮನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವೈದ್ಯ '''मनश्चिकित्सा''' -- psychotherapy, psychological treatment -- ಮನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಆರೈಕೆ '''मनसब-दार''' -- an officer -- ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ '''मनसा''' -- mental, born of the mind -- ಮನಸ್‌ಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟ '''मनसा-ना''' -- to be inspired, motivated -- ಶಕ್ತಿ ದುಂಬುವ, ಮಿಂಞಕುಳ್‌ಪುವ '''मनसूख''' -- cancelled, superseded, abolished -- ಬುಟ್ಟ್‌ರುವ ಕೈಬುಡುವ '''मनसूखी''' -- cancellation -- ಕೈಬುಟ್ಟದ್ '''मनसूबा''' -- intention, plan, design -- ಗುರಿ ಉದ್ದೇಶ, ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''मनस्काम''' -- a desire, wish -- ಆಸೆ '''मनस्तत्त्व''' -- the psyshe, psychic element -- ಮನಸ್‌ರೊಳ್‌ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''मनस्ताप''' -- affliction -- ನೊಂಬಲ, ಬೇಜಾರ '''मनस्तुष्टि''' -- mental geatification, inner satisfaction -- ತೃಪ್ತಿ, ಮನಸ್‌ಕ್ ತೃಪ್ತಿ '''मनहू-सियत''' -- ominousness, inau-spicious -- ಅನಿಷ್ಟ, ಅಪಶಕುನ '''मनहूसी''' -- gloominess, sombreness -- ಮಂಕ್, ಏದೂ ಬೋಂಡತೆನ್ನಕೆ '''मना''' -- forbidden, prohibited -- ಅಡ್ಡಿಪಡತ್‌ನದ್, ದೂರಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''मनाना''' -- to persuade, to appease -- ಒಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿರ್, ಮನಸ್‌ಕ್ ಅರಿವನ್ನಕೆ ಮಾಡ್. '''मनाही''' -- forbiddance, prohibition -- ಅಡ್ಡಿ, ತಡೆ '''मनीआर्डर''' -- a money order -- ಮನಿಯಾರ್ಡರ್ (ಪಣ ಅಯಿಪ) '''मनीजर''' -- a manneger -- ಮ್ಯಾನೇಜರ್ '''मनीजरी''' -- menager's function or office -- ಮ್ಯಾನೇಜರ್‌ರ ಆಫೀಸ್ '''मनीषा''' -- intellect, intellectual faculty, wisdom -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''मनीषी''' -- the wise, thinker-thoughtful -- ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ, ಅರಿವುಳ್ಳಂವ '''मनु''' -- the primogenitor of human race -- ಮನು ಧರ್ಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ನಂವ '''मनुष्य''' -- a man, human being -- ಮನ್‌ಸ ಮಾಲವ '''मनुष्य-कृत''' -- man -made, artificial -- ಮನ್‌ಸ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''मनुहार''' -- persuasion, appeasement -- ಒಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿರುವ, ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ಚಿರುವ '''मनुहारना''' -- to persuade, to appease -- ಮನಸ್‌ಕ್ ಪುಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿರ್ '''मनो-रंजक''' -- interesting, amusing -- ಕುಸಿಪಡತುವದ್ '''मनो-रोग''' -- psychosis, psychopathy -- ಮನಸ್‌ರ ಕಾಯಿಲ, ಮನಸ್‌ರ ರೋಗ '''मनो-वांछा''' -- a desire, wish -- ಆಸೆ '''मनोकामना''' -- a desire, wish -- ಆಸೆ '''मनोगत''' -- mental, interior -- ಮನಸ್‌ಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟ '''मनोगति''' -- mental disposition, activity -- ಮನಸ್‌ರ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆ '''मनोज''' -- Cupid- the god of love -- ಮನ್ಮಥ, ಕಾಮದೇವತೆ '''मनोजात''' -- psychogenic, mentally created -- ಮನಸ್‌ಲ್‌ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್ '''मनोज्ञ''' -- lovely, charming attractive -- ಭಾರಿ ಚಾಯಿರ, ಚಂದೋಳತ್‌ರ '''मनोदशा''' -- mood, state of mind -- ಮನಸ್‌ರ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''मनोनिग्रह''' -- mental restraint, self-control -- ಮನಸ್‌ರ ಪುಡ್‌ತ '''मनोनीत''' -- nominated, designated- designate -- ನಾಮಕರಣ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ, ಪೆದ ಎಣ್ಣಿತ್‌ಕೂಟಿಯಂಡಂವ '''मनोबल''' -- morale, moral strength -- ಮನಶಕ್ತಿ, ಮನಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''मनोभंग''' -- gloominess, depression -- ಮನಸ್ಸೇಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ಪೋಪ '''मनोभाव''' -- emotion, feeling -- ಮನೋಭಾವ '''मनोमय''' -- psychic, mental -- ಆತ್ಮ ಸಂಬಂಧಿ, ಮಾನಸಿಕ '''मनोरचना''' -- mental make-up, fabrication -- ಮನಸ್‌ರ ತ್ರ್ಮಾನ '''मनोरंजन''' -- amusement, entertainment -- ಮನರಂಜನೆ, ತಮಾಸೆ '''मनोरथ''' -- desire, wish, longing -- ಆಸೆ '''मनोरम''' -- lovely, pretty, charming -- ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳ, ಕೊದಿ ಆಪನ್ನತ '''मनोराग''' -- afection, feeling -- ಪ್ರೀತಿ, ಮನಸ್ ಕೊತ್ತ '''मनोराज्य''' -- mental,world -- ಮನಸ್‌ರೊಳ್‌ರ ಲೋಕ '''मन्नत''' -- to vow to make an offering to a deity -- ಪರಕೆ ಕೆಟ್ಟಿಬೆಪ್ಪ, ಪರಕೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''ममता''' -- affection, inclination, amity -- ಪ್ರೀತಿ, ಕೊದಿ '''मयंक''' -- moon, a planet -- ಚಂದ್ರ '''मयस्सर''' -- available, accessible, to hand -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟುವದ್, ದಕ್ಕುವದ್, ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''मयूर''' -- a peacock -- ನವಿಲ್, ಮೈಲ್ '''मर मिटना''' -- to be ruined, destroyed, damaged -- ಪಾಳಾಪ, ನಾಶ ಆಪ '''मरकज''' -- centre, head quarter, main office -- ಕೇಂದ್ರ, ನಡು '''मरकत''' -- an emerald, a gem -- ರತ್ನ, ಪಚ್ಚೆಕಲ್ಲ್ '''मरघट''' -- cremation ground, funeral ground, internment -- ತೂಂಟ್‌ಗಳ '''मरजिया''' -- a pearl diver -- ಮುಂಙಿತ್ ಮುತ್ತ್ ಎಡ್‌ಪಂವ '''मरण''' -- death, demise, obituary -- ಚಾವು '''मरणांतक''' -- fatal, killing, deadly -- ಕೊಲ್ಲುವಂತ '''मरणासन्न''' -- on the verge of death, last moment of death -- ಚಾವಕಾನ, ಚಾವನೇರ '''मरणोन्माद''' -- thanatomania -- ಚಾವ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಲ್ '''मरणोन्मुख''' -- dying, decaying -- ಚತ್ತಂಡುಳ್ಳ '''मरतबा''' -- rank, order, turn, time -- ದರ್ಜೆ, ಸ್ಥಾನ '''मरता''' -- dying, on the verge of death, at the moment of death -- ಚಾವ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಲ್ '''मरतेजीते''' -- some how -- ಎನ್ನನೆಯೊ, ಎನ್ನನೇಂಗಿ '''मरतेदमतक''' -- to the bitter end, bitter conclusion, harsh end -- ದುಃಖಾಂತ್ಯ '''मरदुआ''' -- contemptible man -- ಅಲ್ಪ, ಕಮ್ಮಿತರತ್‌ರಂವ '''मरदूद''' -- damned, hindrance, block -- ಅಡೆತಡೆರ '''मरना''' -- to die, to pass away -- ಚಾವ '''मरने तक की फ़ुर्सत न होना''' -- to be terribly rushed -- ಚಾವಣೆಕೂ ನೇರ ಇಲ್ಲೆ '''मरमुकखा''' -- famished, voracious, ravenous -- ಆಸೆ ಪಟ್ಟ, ಆತುರ ಪಟ್ಟ '''मरम्मत''' -- repair, mending, renovate -- ರಿಪೇರಿ '''मरसिया''' -- a long elegiac poem -- ಬೇಜಾರಪಡತುವ ಪಾಟ್ '''मरहम''' -- an ointment -- ಮುಲಾಮ್ '''मरहमपट्टी''' -- dressing, bandage, compress -- ಗಾಯಕ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟುವ '''मरहूम''' -- late, deceased, dead -- ಚತ್ತ್ ಪೋನ '''मराल''' -- a goose, swan -- ಬಾತ್ ಕೋಳಿ '''मरियल''' -- sickly, feeble, weak -- ಕಾಯಿಲಕಾರ '''मरीचिका''' -- a mirage, illusion, optical -- ಕೈಕ್ ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟತದ್ '''मरीज''' -- a patient, sufferer, invalid -- ಕಾಯಿಲಕಾರ, ರೋಗಿ '''मरू''' -- a desert, vast, void -- ಮಣಭೂಮಿ '''मरे को मारना''' -- to hit a man when he is down -- ತಾಂದಂವನ ತಳುತುವ, ಬುದ್ದಲ್ಲಿಕ್ ಚೌಟ್ '''मरोड़ना''' -- to twist, to contort, to regulate -- ತಿರ್‌ಕುವ '''मरोड़ा''' -- contortion -- ನೆರಮುವ, ತಿರ್‌ಕುವ '''मर्कट''' -- a monkey -- ಕೋಡ '''मर्किट''' -- a market -- ಚತ್ತೆ '''मर्ज''' -- a disease, ailment, complaint -- ಕಾಯಿಲ '''मर्जी''' -- desire, will, inclination -- ಆಸೆ '''मर्द''' -- a man, potent male, solid man -- ಮನುಷ್ಯ, ಆಣಾಳ್ '''मर्दानगी''' -- bravery, courage, daring -- ಧೈರ್ಯ '''मर्दाना''' -- male, masculine, manly -- ಆಣ್ '''मर्दित''' -- massaged, rubbed -- ನೀಂಬುವ, ಉದ್ದ್‌ವ '''मर्म''' -- vulnerable, secret, real meaning -- ಗಾಯ ಆಪಂತ, ಗುಟ್ಟ್ '''मर्मान्वेषण''' -- probe into the essential -- ಒಳಗುಟ್ಟರಿವ '''मर्माहत''' -- vitally struck -- ಮಹತ್ವತ್‌ರ '''मर्मी''' -- knowing secret, abstruse -- ಗುಟ್ಟರಿವ '''मर्मोदघाटन''' -- exposition, demonstration, explication -- ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನ, ವಿವರಣೆ '''मर्यादा''' -- dignity, decorum, respect -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ '''मल''' -- faeces, stool, excrement, sewage -- ತ್ಟ, ಚಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''मलखंभ''' -- a typical Indian acrobatic exercise -- ಸರ್ಕಸ್‌ಕಾರ, ಪತ್ತುವಕಂಬ, ದೊಂಬಕಳಿ '''मलंग''' -- self contained person -- ಗಟ್ಟಿಮುಟ್ಟಾನಂವ, ಪಂಡಿತ '''मलद्वार''' -- anus -- ಗೊಳ್ಳೆ '''मलना''' -- to rub, to massage, hitch -- ಉದ್ದ್‌ವ '''मलपरीक्षा''' -- stool examination -- ಮಲ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ, ತ್ಟ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ '''मलबा''' -- debris, wreckage, litter -- ಕಾಟ ಗುಡ್ಡೆ, ನಾಶ ಆನಾಂಡ ಗುಡ್ಡೆ '''मलय पर्वत''' -- western ghats -- ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಘಟ್ಟ '''मलयालम''' -- Kerala`s state language -- ಕೇರಳತ್‌ರ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಭಾಷೆ, ಮಲಯಾಳತಕ್ಕ್ '''मलाई''' -- cream, fatty part of milk, thick liquid -- ಪೆರೆ, ಪಾಲ್‌ರ ಪೆರೆ. '''मलाबार''' -- seacoast of Kerala -- ಮಲಯಾಳ ಸೀಮೆ '''मलाल''' -- remorse, compunction, regret -- ಬಯ್ಯಬೇಜಾರ ಪಟ್ಟವ, ಪಶ್ಚಾತಾಪ '''मलावरोध''' -- constipation, difficulty in bowel movement, infrequent bowel movement -- ಕೆಲಕೆಟ್ಟಿಯವ '''मलिका''' -- queen -- ರಾಣಿ '''मलिन''' -- dirty, grimy, filthy -- ಹೇಸಿಕೆ, ಗೊಜ್ಜೆ '''मलियामेट''' -- completely ruined, destroyed, damaged -- ನಾಶ ಆಯಿಪೋನದ್ '''मलेरिया''' -- malaria fever -- ಮಾರಪನಿ '''मल्ल''' -- a wrestler -- ಕುಸ್ತಿಗಾರ '''मल्लाह''' -- a sailor, boatman, sea farer -- ದೋಣಿಕಾರ '''मल्लिका''' -- a fragrant flower resembling the jasmine -- ಮಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ಪೂವ್ '''मल्हराना''' -- to fondle, to caress, to hug -- ಪ್ರೀತಿಮಾಡ್, ಕೊದಿಕಾಟ್ '''मल्हार''' -- a type of Indian music -- ಓರ್‌ತರತ್ ಸಂಗೀತ '''मवाद''' -- pus, purulent matter -- ಚಲ '''मवाली''' -- a South Indian tribe -- ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾರತತ್‌ರ ಓರ್ ಜನಾಂಗ '''मवेशी''' -- cattle, bovine animal -- ಅತ್ತ ಕಡಚಿಯ '''मशकूर''' -- obliged, grateful, thankful -- ಕೃತಜ್ಞತೆಯುಳ್ಳ, ನಲ್ಲರಿಮೆಬಯಂದ '''मशक़्क़त''' -- toil, hard labour, exhausting labour -- ನೈಪು, ಕಪ್ಪತ್‌ರ ಪಣಿ '''मशगूल''' -- busy, occupied with, diligent -- ಪುರ್‌ಸತಿಲ್ಲತ '''मशविरा''' -- advise, counsel, suggest -- ಬುದ್ಧಿಎಣ್ಣ್, ಸಲಹೆಕೊಡ್ '''मशहूर''' -- famous, well known, notable -- ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ '''मंशा''' -- intention -- ಗುರಿ, ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ, ಉದ್ದೇಶ. '''मशाल''' -- a torch, enlightment, guidance -- ಟಾರ್ಚ್ ಲೈಟ್ '''मशीन''' -- a machine -- ಮೆಶಿನ್, ಯಂತ್ರ '''मश्क''' -- a large leathern water bag -- ತೋಲ್‌ರ ನೀರ್ ಚೀಲ '''मसक''' -- a mosquito -- ಸೊಳ್ಳೆ '''मसका''' -- butter -- ಬೊಣ್ಣೆ ನೆಯ್ಯಿ '''मसख़रा''' -- funny, witty, humorous -- ತಮಾಶಿ '''मसजिद''' -- a mosque -- ಮಸೀದಿ, ಪಳ್ಳಿ '''मसनद''' -- a bolster, large round pillow, cushion -- ಉರುಟಾನ ತಲಮೆತ್ತೆ '''मसरफ''' -- utility, usefulness, profitable -- ಉಪಯುಕ್ತತೆ '''मसल''' -- a saying, proverb -- ಹೇಳಿಕೆ, ಗಾದೆ '''मसलना''' -- to rub, to press, assail -- ಉದ್ದ್‌ವ '''मसहरी''' -- a mosquito net -- ಸೊಳ್ಳೆ ಪರದೆ '''मसान''' -- cremation ground, burial ground, crematorium -- ತೂಂಟ್‌ಗಳ '''मसाना''' -- the urinary bladder -- ಉಚ್ಚೆ ಪೊಟ್ಟೆ '''मसाला''' -- spices, condiments, special flavour to food -- ಸಂಬಾರ ಪದಾರ್ಥ '''मसि''' -- ink -- ಇಂಕ್ '''मसीह''' -- the founder of Christianity Messiah -- ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ '''मसूड़ा''' -- the gums -- ಊಣ್ '''मसूर''' -- lentil, a kind of pulses, grains, food -- ಅವರೆಕುರು, ಭೂತಕನ್ನಡಿರ ಗಾಜಿ '''मसूरिका''' -- measles, infectious disease -- ಅಂಗರೆ ಕಜ್ಜಿ, ದಡಾರ '''मसोसना''' -- to press, to repress, to rub -- ಒತ್ತುವ '''मसौदा''' -- a draft, script -- ಕರಡು ಪ್ರತಿ '''मस्त''' -- intoxicated, rapt, enthralled -- ಕಳ್ಳ್ ಮಂಡೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್‌ನದ್ '''मस्तक''' -- head, forehead, superior -- ಮಂಡೆ '''मस्ताना''' -- sexually excited -- ಕಾಮೋದ್ರಿಕ್ತ '''मस्तिष्क''' -- the brain, main, supreme -- ತಲಚೇರ್, ಬುದ್ಧಿ. '''मस्सा''' -- a wart -- ಪಾಲುಣ್ಣಿ, ಕಾರ '''महक''' -- perfume, fragrance, scent -- (ಗಮನ ಎಣ್ಣೆ) ಗಮನ '''महँगा''' -- expensive, costly, high price -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಪಣತ್‌ರ, ದುಂಬಾ ಖರ್ಚಾಪದ್ '''महँगी''' -- high cost, high price, costly -- ಭಾರೀ ಬೆಲೆರ '''महंत''' -- head priest -- ಪೂಜಾರಿಯಡ ಮುಕ್ರಿ '''महताब''' -- the moon -- ಚಣ್ಣೂರ, ಚಂದ್ರ '''महतो''' -- a title of well to do peasant family -- ಅನುಕೂಲಸ್ತ ರೈತರಿಡ ಸಂಸಾರ. '''महत्''' -- great, big, excellent -- ಬಲ್ಯದ್ '''महत्तम''' -- greatest, biggest, highest -- ಭಾರೀ ಬಲ್ಯದ್ '''महत्तर''' -- greater, highest -- ಒಂದಾಂಗಿಂಜಿ ಬಲ್ಯದ್ '''महत्ता''' -- importance, significance, worthy -- ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''महत्व''' -- importance, influential, valuable -- ಪೆದ ಪೋನದ್ '''महत्वपूर्ण''' -- important, urgent, valuable -- ಮುಖ್ಯ '''महत्वाकांक्षा''' -- ambition, aspiration, yearning -- ಭಾರೀ ಆಸೆ ಬೆಚ್ಚಂಡದ್ '''महद्आशय''' -- noble, minded, high born, high minded -- ಕೇಳಿ ಪಟ್ಟಂವ '''महनीय''' -- adorable, respectable, delightful -- ಪೂಜ್ಯ '''महफिल''' -- a private assembly -- ಸ್ವಂತ ಸಭೆ, ಖಾಸಗಿ ಸಭೆ '''महफूज''' -- safe secure, protected -- ಅಪಾಯ ಇಲ್ಲತ, ತೊಂದರೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ. '''महबूब''' -- beloved, dear, lover -- ಕೊದಿಪಟ್ಟ, ಇಷ್ಟಪಟ್ಟ '''महमहाना''' -- to emit fragrance -- ಗಮನ ಬಪ್ಪ '''महर''' -- wedding gift in cash -- ಮಂಗಲತ್ ಪಣ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''महरा''' -- one who cleans house hold utensils -- ಪಣಿಕರ್ತಿ, ಪಾತ್ರೆ ಕತ್ತುವವ '''महरुम''' -- deprived, lacking, inadequate -- ವಂಚನೆಕೊಳಪಟ್ಟ '''महर्षि''' -- a great sage -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ '''महल''' -- a story -- ಕಥೆ '''महल''' -- a palace, building, big mansion -- ಅರಮನೆ, ಬಲ್ಯ ಮನೆ. '''महल्ला''' -- a street, ward, protege -- ಗಲ್ಲಿ '''महसूल''' -- duty, custom, tax -- ಪಣಿ '''महसूस''' -- experienced, skilled, expert -- ಅನುಭವವುಳ್ಳ '''महाकवि''' -- great poet -- ಬಲ್ಯಕವಿ, ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ ಕವಿ '''महाजन''' -- a private banker, village accounts -- ಸ್ವಂತ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚಂಡಂವ '''महात्मा''' -- a saint, sage, saintly -- ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ '''महान''' -- great, big, eminent -- ಬಲ್ಯದ್ '''महानगर''' -- metropolitan -- ಬಲ್ಯ ನಗರ '''महानगरी''' -- cosmopolitan, the world, biggest city -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ತರತ್‌ರ ಅನುಭವವುಳ್ಳ ಜನ ಇಪ್ಪಂತ ಜಾಗ, ಎಲ್ಲಾಕೂ ಓರೇ ತರ ಬೆಲೆಕ್‌ಟ್ಟುವ ನಗರ. '''महाना''' -- monthly -- ತಿಂಗೋದಿ '''महामारी''' -- an epidemic -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಜಿ ಒಬ್ಬಂಗ್ ಪತ್ತುವ ಕಾಯಿಲ, ಅಂಟ್ ರೋಗ. '''महायुद्ध''' -- a war, world war, big battle -- ಪಡೆ, ಯುದ್ಧ '''महाराज''' -- a king, ruler, administrator -- ರಾಜ '''महार्घ''' -- costly, precious, valuable -- ದುಂಬಾ ಕ್ರಯತ್‌ರ '''महावट''' -- winter rains -- ಕುಳ್‌ರ್ ಕಾಲತ್‌ರ ಮಳೆ '''महावत''' -- a mahavat, elephant trainer -- ಮಾವುತ, ಆನೆ ಚಾಕುವಂವ '''महावर''' -- the red solution used by women to adorn their feet -- ಕಾಲ್‌ಕ್ ಪುಣ್ಣಾಳ್ ಇಡುವ ಚೋಂದ ನೀರ್ '''महाविद्यालय''' -- a college -- ಕಾಲೇಜ್ '''महावीर''' -- having tremendous valour -- ಭಾರೀ ಗಟ್ಟಿಗ, ಪಡೆಬೀರ '''महाशय''' -- noble, saint, high intellectuals -- ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟಂವ '''महासभा''' -- a congress -- (ಕಾಂಗ್ರೆಸ್) ಮಹಾಸಭೆ '''महि''' -- the earth, world, geography -- ಭೂಮಿ, ನೆಲ '''महिमा''' -- exaltation, greatness, highness -- ಕೇಳಿಕೋಂದಂವ '''महिला''' -- lady, women -- ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್, ಪೊಂಗ '''महिष''' -- he buffalo -- ಪೋರಿ '''महिषी''' -- she buffalo -- ಎಮ್ಮೆ '''महीन''' -- thin, soft, slim -- ತಳ್ಳನೆ '''महुअर''' -- the snake charmer's flute -- ಪಾಂಗೊಳ, ಒಡ್ಡಂಡ ಕೊಳ '''महेश''' -- lord Shiva -- ಶಿವ '''महोत्सव''' -- a great celebration, glorify, honour -- ಬಲ್ಯ ನಮ್ಮೆ '''महोदधि''' -- an ocean -- ಕಡ, ಮಹಾ ಕಡ '''महोदय''' -- sir -- ಸ್ವಾಮಿ '''माई''' -- mother, a maid servant -- ಅವ್ವ ಪಣಿಕಾರ್ತಿ ಮೂಡಿ '''माई''' -- maternal aunt -- ತಮ್ಮಾಂವಿ '''माकूल''' -- proper, appropriate, suitable -- ಸೆರಿಯಾನ, ಒತ್ತ '''माखन''' -- butter -- ಬೊಣ್ಣೆ ನೆಯ್ಯಿ '''माँग''' -- demand, requirement, necessity -- ಕೇಪ ಬೋಡಿಕೆ '''माँगना''' -- to demand, to ask, to claim -- ಕೇಪ ಕೇಳ್ '''माँगलिक''' -- auspicious, good occasion, ceremonial time -- ನಲ್ಲ ನೇರ, ನಲ್ಲ ಗಳಿಗೆ '''माँगल्य''' -- well being, good, satisfactory -- ಚಾಯಿಲಿಪ್ಪ, ನಲ್ಲದ್. '''माघ''' -- the eleventh month of Hindu calendar -- ೧೧ನೆ ತಿಂಗ '''माचिस''' -- safety matches -- ತಿತ್ತ್ ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ, ಬೆಂಕಿ ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ '''माँजना''' -- to cleanse, neat, immaculate -- ಕತ್ತ್, ತೆಳ್‌ಕ್ '''माजरा''' -- matter, stuff, material -- ವಸ್ತು '''माजून''' -- a medicine in the form of sweet meat -- ಮೊದ್‌ರತ್‌ರ ಮದ್ದ್ '''माजूफल''' -- gall nut -- ಇಂಕ್ ಮಾಡುವ ಓರ್ ವಸ್ತು (ಕಾಯಿ) '''माँझा''' -- to feel weak and deficient, lack of ness -- ಸಂಗಟ, ಸೋತನ್ನಕೆ ಆಪ '''माँझी''' -- a boatman, sailor, seaman -- ದೋಣಿಕಾರ '''माट''' -- a large earthen pitcher -- ಮಣ್ಣ್‌ರ ಕರುವ '''माँड़''' -- rice starch -- ಕೂಳ್‌ಕಂಜಿ '''माँड़ना''' -- t knead, pressing, massage -- ಞಂವುಂಡ್, ನುರ್‌ಕ್ '''माडल''' -- a model, prototype, original -- ಮಾದರಿ '''माँडी''' -- starch, solid carbohydrates, a white fluid of the rice -- ಕಂಜಿ '''मात''' -- defeated, over throw, conquer -- ಸೋತ್ ಪೋನ, ಗೆದ್ದ '''मातंग''' -- an elephant -- ಆನೆ '''मातदिल''' -- moderate, reasonable, temperate -- ಮಿತವಾನ, ಸಾಧಾರಣತ್‌ರ '''मातना''' -- to be intoxicated, rapt, enthralled -- ಕಳ್ಳ್ ಮಂಡೆಕ್‌ಪತ್ತ್, ಪರವಶವಾನ '''मातबर''' -- trust worthy, faithful, staunch -- ನಂಬಿಕಸ್ತ '''मातहत''' -- subordinate, belonging to lower cadre, placed into lower rank -- ಅಡಿಯಾಳ್ '''मातामह''' -- maternal grandfather -- ಅವ್ವಂಡ ಅಪ್ಪ, ಅಜ್ಜ '''मातु''' -- mother -- ಅವ್ವ '''मातुल''' -- maternal uncle -- ತಮ್ಮಾಂವ '''मातृ''' -- mother -- ಅವ್ವ '''मात्र''' -- only, merely, nothing more -- ಮಾತ್ರ, ಬೋರೇದೂ ಅಲ್ಲ '''मात्रा''' -- quantity, an exact parameter, specified amount -- ಪ್ರಮಾಣ, ತೂಕ ಅಳತೆಲ್ ನಿರ್ಧಿಪ್ಟವಾನ '''मात्रिक''' -- pertaining to or belonging to a vowel mark -- ಸ್ವರಾಕ್ಷರ ಮಾತ್ರೆಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''मांत्रिक''' -- pertaining or relating to a mantra -- ಮಂತ್ರಕಾರ '''मात्सर''' -- jealous, envious, resentful -- ಕೇಡ್‌ಕಿಚ್ಚ್ '''मात्सर्य''' -- malice, ill will, spite -- ಹೊಟ್ಟೆಕಿಚ್ಚ್, ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಮನಸ್ '''मात्स्यकी''' -- fishery -- ಮೀನ್ ಚಾಕುವ ಪಣಿ '''माथ''' -- the forehead, head, a part of the face -- ನೆತ್ತಿ '''माथे''' -- on the head, face above the eyebrows -- ಮಂಡೆರ ಮಿಂಞಬರಿ, ನೆತ್ತಿ '''मादक''' -- intoxicating, drunkenness, inebriation -- ಕಳ್ಳ್ ಮಂಡೆಕ್‌ಪತ್ತುವ, ಕಕ್ಕುಡಿ '''मादद्वा''' -- ingredient, contents, formula -- ವಸ್ತು ಮಿಶ್ರ ಮಾಡುವಕ ಕೂಟಿಯವ ವಸ್ತು '''मादा''' -- female -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಜಾತಿ '''माँदा''' -- fatigued, tired, exhausted -- ಸುಸ್ತಾಯಿಪೋನ '''माधुरी''' -- sweetness, melodious, redolent -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ '''माध्य''' -- mean, medium, middling -- ಮಧ್ಯಸ್ತ, ಕಮ್ಮಿತರತ್‌ರ, ಕ್ಳ್ ಗುಣತ್‌ರ '''माध्यदिन''' -- middle, halfway, midway -- ನಡುವತ, ನಡುಬಟ್ಟೆರ '''माध्यामिक''' -- secondary, alternate, backup -- ದಂಡನೆ, ನಡುವತ, ಮಾಧ್ಯಮಿಕ '''मान''' -- esteem, respect, regard -- ಮಾನ, ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ '''मानक''' -- standard, category, certain level -- ಮಟ್ಟ '''मानक भाषा''' -- standard language -- ನಲ್ಲ ಮಟ್ಟತ್‌ರ ಭಾಷೆ '''मानचित्र''' -- map, out line, diagram -- ಚಿತ್ರ, ಮೇಪ್ '''मानता''' -- importance, recognisation, identity -- ಬೆಲೆ, ಪ್ರಾಮುಖ್ಯತೆ '''मानदेय''' -- honorarium, remuneration, requite -- ಗೌರವ ಧನ '''मानना''' -- to agree, to accept, to approve -- ಒತ್ತ, ಸ್ವೀಕಾರ ಮಾಡ್ '''माननीय''' -- honourable, honest, noble -- ಮರ್ಯಾದೆವುಳ್ಳ, ಗೌರವಪಡಂದ '''मानव विज्ञान''' -- anthropology -- ಮಾನವ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ, ಮಾನವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''मानवजाति''' -- human race, anthropoid, human being -- ಮನ್‌ಸ ಜಾತಿ '''मानवतावाद''' -- humanism -- ಮಾನವತಾ ವಾದ '''मानवती''' -- beloved who amorously assumes a sulking posture -- ನಲ್ಲ ಮರ್ಯಾದಸ್ತೆ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''मानवभूगोल''' -- human geography -- ಮಾನವ ಭೂಗೋಳ '''मानविकी''' -- humanities, mortal, natural -- ಮಾನವೀಯತೆ, ಉಪಕಾರ ಬುದ್ಧಿ. '''मानवीकरण''' -- humanization, to make human, to make kind -- ಮನುಷ್ಯನಾಯಿತ್ ಮಾಡ್, ಮನುಷ್ಯಂಡ ಗುಣಬೊಳತ್ '''मानवीय''' -- human, anthropoid, hominoid -- (ಮಾನವ) ಮನುಷ್ಯ '''मानवेन्द्र''' -- a king, ruler, administrator -- ರಾಜ '''मानस''' -- the psyche, mind -- ಮನಸ್ '''मानसरोवर''' -- a famous lake in the Himalayas -- ಮಾನಸ ಸರೋವರ '''मानसून''' -- the monsoon -- ಮಳೆಗಾಲ '''मानहानि''' -- defamation, false, default -- ಮಾನಕೇಡ್ '''मानाभिषेक''' -- investiture, authorize, empower -- ಅಧಿಕಾರ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''मानार्थ''' -- complimentary, honour, favour -- (ಮೆಚ್ಚುವ) ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆಗೊಳಪಟ್ಟ ಅಭಿನಂದನೆಕೊಳಪಟ್ಟ '''मानिंद''' -- like, similar, allied -- ಅದೇ ತರ, ಒರೇ ತರ '''मानिनी''' -- arrogant, assuming, conceited -- ಅಹಂಕಾರಿ '''मानी''' -- meaning, aim, connotation -- ಅರ್ಥ '''मानीटर''' -- a monitor -- ಕ್ಲಾಸ್‌ಲ್ ಮಕ್ಕಡ ಮುಕ್ರಿ, ಮಾನಿಟರ್, ನಾಯಕ. '''मानुषी''' -- human, man like, mortal -- ಮನುಷ್ಯ '''माने''' -- meaning, aim, construction -- ಅರ್ಥ '''मान्य''' -- respectable, honourable, favour -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಿಉಳ್ಳ, ಗೌರವಉಳ್ಳ. '''मान्यकरण''' -- validation, acceptance, approved -- ಸ್ವೀಕಾರ. '''मान्यता''' -- recognisation, identify, honour -- ಗುರ್ತ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''माप''' -- measurement, act, allotment -- ಅಳತೆ '''मापक्रम''' -- a scale, regulating measure, enactment -- ಅಳತೆ '''मापचित्र''' -- plan, blueprint, diagram -- ನಕ್ಷೆ '''मापतोल''' -- complete assessment, measurement evaluation -- ಬೆಲೆ ಕಟ್ಟುವ '''मापांक''' -- modular, measuring point, measure assessment -- ಅಳತೆರ ಲೆಕ್ಕ '''मापी''' -- a meter, measuring, amplitude -- ಓರ್ ಮೀಟರ್ '''माफ़िक''' -- agreeable, consent, concord -- ಒತ್ತವಂತದ್ '''माफी''' -- forgiveness, condone, acquit -- ಮಾಪ್ '''माफ़ी''' -- excused, pardoned, forgive -- ಮಾಪ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ '''मामला''' -- a case, context, occasion -- ಸಂಗತಿ, ವಿಷಯ '''मामा''' -- maternal uncle -- ಮಾಂವ '''मामूली''' -- ordinary, accustomed, common -- ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ, ಮಾಮೂಲ್ '''मायका''' -- mother's home -- ಅವ್ವಂಡ ಮನೆ '''माया''' -- illusion, delusion, apparition -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್, ಮೋಸ '''मायामोह''' -- illusion and attachment, day dream, fallacy -- ಭ್ರಮೆ, ಪಿಂಞ ಮೋಹ, ಮಾಯಾಮೋಹ '''मायावाद''' -- an illusionist, mirage, fantasy -- ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ ವಿದ್ಯೆಕಾರ '''मायिक''' -- illusory, apparent, delusive -- ಭ್ರಮೆರ '''मायूस''' -- frustration, discourage, foil -- (ಆಶಾಭಂಗ) ಆಸೆಭಂಗ ಆಪ '''मार''' -- beating, unpleasant, vile -- (ಪೊಯ್ಯುವ) ಪೊಯಿತ್ '''मारक''' -- killing, deadly, apathetic -- ಕೊಲ್ಲುವ '''मारका''' -- mark, trademark, symbol -- ಗುರ್ತ್ '''मारकाट''' -- bloody, encounter, conflict -- ತಲ್ಲ್ಂಬುಡಿ '''मारण''' -- slaughter, killing, murder -- ಕೊಲೆ '''मारतौल''' -- a kind of big hammer -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಟಿಯ '''मारना''' -- to kill, to beat, to murder -- ಕೊಲ್ಲ್ '''मारफ़त''' -- through, through the agency of, care of -- ಮೂಲಕ '''मारवाड़ी''' -- a resident of Rajasthan -- ರಾಜಸ್ಥಾನತ್‌ರಂವ, ಮಾರ್ವಾಡಿ '''मारूत''' -- air god -- ಗಾಳಿ ದೇವ (ಮಾರುತಿ) '''मारूफ़''' -- famous, acclaimed, celebrated -- ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ '''मार्कसवाद''' -- marxism, basis of the communism -- ಮಾರ್ಕ್ಸ್ ವಾದ '''मार्ग''' -- way, path, route -- (ಬಟ್ಟೆ) ನಡಪ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''मार्ग खोलना''' -- to open the way, open the suburb -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ ತೊರಪ '''मार्गदर्शन''' -- pathway -- ಒಳ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಬಟ್ಟೆಕಾಟುವ '''मार्गशिर''' -- Hindu calendar month -- ಮಾರ್ಗಶಿರ ತಿಂಗ '''मार्च''' -- the month of March -- ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ತಿಂಗ (ಮೀನ್ಯಾರ್) '''मार्जन''' -- cleansing, purify, unadulterated -- ಶುದ್ಧ ಮಾಡ್ '''मार्जनी''' -- a broom, brush, sweep -- ಚೀಪೆ '''मार्जनीय''' -- which can be or is to be cleansed -- ಕತ್ತುವಕುಳ್ಳದ್, ಶುದ್ಧಮಾಡುವ ಕುಳ್ಳದ್. '''मार्जार''' -- a he cat -- ಕಂಡ ಪೂಂಞಿ (ಮೊಳಿಯ) '''मार्जित''' -- cleansed, refined, unadulterated -- ಶುದ್ಧ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''मार्दब''' -- softness, gentleness, decency -- ಪದಪದ ಉಳ್ಳ '''मार्दैगिक''' -- one who plays on the percussion instrument -- ಉಪಕರಣತ್‌ನ ನಡತುವಂವ '''मार्फ़त''' -- care of, through, by -- ಮೂಲಕ '''मार्मिक''' -- poignant, touching, kind -- ಮಾರ್ಮಿಕ, ಹೃದಯ ಸ್ಪರ್ಶ, ಮನಸ್‌ಕ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುವಂತ '''मार्शल''' -- a marshal -- ಮುಖ್ಯ ಸೇನಾಪತಿ '''माल''' -- goods, material, luggage -- ಸಾಮಾನ್ '''मालअदालत''' -- a revenue court -- ಕಂದಾಯ ಕೋರ್ಟ್ (ನ್ಯಾಯಾಲಯ) '''मालखाना''' -- warehouse, godown, stores -- ಪತ್ತಾಯ, ಉಗ್ರಾಣ '''मालगाड़ी''' -- goods train -- ಸಾಮಾನ್ ಸಾಗಿಚಿಡುವ ರೈಲ್ '''मालगुजारी''' -- land revenue -- ಕಂದಾಯ, ಭೂಮಿ ಕಂದಾಯ '''मालती''' -- sweet smelling flowers -- ಗಮನ ಉಳ್ಳ ಪೂ '''मालदह''' -- a variety of mango -- ಓರ್‌ತರ ಮಾಂಗೆ '''मालमस्ती''' -- money, pride, satisfaction, self respect -- ಪಣ, ದುಡ್ಡ್, ಬಲ್ಯರಿಕೆ '''मालसूची''' -- stock list, stock scroll -- ಸಾಮಾನ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''माला''' -- a garland, festoon of flowers -- ಪೂಮಾಲೆ '''मालामाल''' -- opulent, abundant, copious -- ಅನುಕೂಲಸ್ತ, ಪಣಕಾರ '''मालिक''' -- master, employer, boss -- ಯಜಮಾನ '''मालिका''' -- a row, line, series -- ಸಾಲ್ '''मालिकाना''' -- ownership, boss, work master -- ಯಜಮಾನಿಕೆ '''मालिकी''' -- ownership, proprietor, patron -- ಯಜಮಾನಿಕೆ '''मालिन''' -- a maid gardener -- ಪೂತೋಟ ಪಣಿಕರ್ತಿ '''मालिन्य''' -- sullenness, dirtiness, grief -- ಗಲೀಜ್, ಗೊಜ್ಜೆ '''मालियत''' -- value, worth, price -- ಬೆಲೆ, ಕ್ರಯ '''मालिश''' -- massage, malaxation, rub -- ನೀಂಬುವ, ಉದ್ದುವ '''माली''' -- gardener -- ಪೂತೋಟ ಪಣಿಕಾರ '''मालूम''' -- known, conscious, agnostic -- ಗೊತ್ತುಳ್ಳ, ಅರ್‌ಜಂಡ '''मालूम''' -- known, aware, clever -- ಗೊತ್ತುಳ್ಳ '''माल्य''' -- a garland, wreath of flowers -- ಪೂ ಮಾಲೆ '''माश''' -- black gram -- ಉದ್ದ್ ಬೇಳೆ '''माशा''' -- a weight equivalent to eight ratis -- ಅಳತೆ '''माशाअल्लाह''' -- excellent, what a wonder -- ಪೆರ್ತ್ ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳದ್ '''माशूक़''' -- a beloved, dearest, lover -- ಮೆಚ್ಚ್‌ನದ್, ಕೊದಿಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''माशूक़ाना''' -- in the fashion -- ಶೋಕಿರ '''मास''' -- a month -- ತಿಂಗ '''माँस''' -- meat, flesh, muscular and fatty tissue -- ಎರ್ಚಿ '''मासंत''' -- the end of a month -- ತಿಂಗತ್‌ರ ಆಖೀರಿ '''माँसपेशी''' -- a muscle, flesh -- ಮಿಕಂಡ, ಎರ್ಚಿ '''माँसपोजीवी''' -- a butcher, killer, slaughter -- ಕೊರಿ ಅರ್‌ಪಂವ '''मांसाहार''' -- non vegetarianism -- ಎರ್ಚಿ ತಿಂಬಂವ '''मासिक''' -- monthly -- ತಿಂಗೋದಿ '''मासिकपत्रिका''' -- monthly journal -- ತಿಂಗತ್‌ರ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ '''मासूम''' -- innocent, unknown, incorrupt -- ಒಂದೂ ಅರಿಯತ, ಪಾಪತಂವ '''मास्टर''' -- teacher, coach, educator -- ಉಪಾದ್ರಿ '''मास्टरी''' -- teaching -- ಪಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚ್‌ಡುವ '''माह''' -- month -- ತಿಂಗ '''माहली''' -- a harem attendant -- ಅಂತಪುರ ಪಾರಗಾರ '''माहवार''' -- monthly salary -- ತಿಂಗತ್‌ರ ಸಂಬಳ '''माहात्म्य''' -- greatness, highness, superior -- ಭಾರೀ ಕೇಳಿಪಡಂದಂತ, ಬಲ್ಯರಿಕೆ '''माहिर''' -- expert, talented man, specialist -- ಗಟ್ಟಿಗ, ಪಡಿಪುಗಾರ '''माहेश्वर''' -- pertaining to lord Shiv -- ಈಶ್ವರ '''मिकदार''' -- quantity, measure -- ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಅಳತೆ '''मिकनातीस''' -- a magnet, bait, attraction -- ಚೂದ್ ಕಲ್ಲ್, ಅಯಸ್ಕಾಂತ '''मिकसचार''' -- a mixture, admixture, alloy -- ಮೇಕ್‌ನದ್ '''मिंगी''' -- the kernel of a fruit -- ಪಣ್ಣ್‌ರ ತಿರ್ '''मिचकाना''' -- to wink, to blink, flicker -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಚಿಮ್ಮ್ '''मिचना''' -- to be shut, close, latch -- ಮುಚ್ಚುವ '''मिज़ाज''' -- temperament, disposition -- ಸ್ವಭಾವ, ಗುಣ '''मिजाजी''' -- conceited, arrogant -- ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆ, ಹಟಗಾರ '''मिटाना''' -- to efface, to erase -- ತಿಕ್ಕ್, ತ್ಟ್ '''मिठाई''' -- sweet meat -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ ತಿಂಡಿ '''मिंड़ाई''' -- the act of rubbing, apply, fray -- ಉದ್ದುವ, ತೇಪ '''मित''' -- moderate, temperate, restricted -- ಮಿತಿ, ಪುಡ್ತಉಳ್ಳ '''मिताई''' -- friendship, alliance -- ಸ್ನೇಹಾಚಾರ '''मिति''' -- measure, limit -- ಅಳತೆ, ಮಿತಿ '''मित्र''' -- a friend -- ಸಿನೇತ '''मिथुन''' -- pair, a couple -- ಜೋಡಿ, ಪಡಿಯನು ಪೊಣ್ಣು '''मिथ्या''' -- untrue, false -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ್ '''मिन्नत''' -- entreaty, request -- ಬೋಡಿಕೆ '''मियाद''' -- duration, time limit, term -- ಅವಧಿ '''मिलन''' -- a meeting, union -- ಸಭೆ, ಕೂಟ '''मिलना''' -- to meet, to encounter -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಡ್ '''मिलान''' -- comparision, reconcillation -- ಹೋಲಿಕೆ '''मिलावट''' -- adultration, mixing -- ಕಲಬೆರಕೆ, ಮಿಶ್ರ ಮಾಡುವ '''मिश्र''' -- mixed, complex -- ಬೆರಕ್‌ನ, ಮಿಶ್ರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ '''मिष''' -- pretext, pretence -- ನೆವನ '''मिसाल''' -- precedent, example -- ಪಳಿಯ, ಉದಾಹರಣೆ, ದೃಷ್ಟಾಂತ '''मिस्ल''' -- like, just -- ಅನ್ನನೆ '''मीजान''' -- sum, total -- ಮೊತ್ತ, ಒಟ್ಟು '''मीठा''' -- sweet, pleasant -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ, ಕುಸಿರ '''मीत''' -- friend -- ಸಿನೇತ '''मीन''' -- fish -- ವಿನ್ '''मील''' -- a mile -- ಓರ್ ಮೈಲ್ '''मीलित''' -- closed, shut -- ಮುಚ್ಚ್‌ನ '''मुअज्जम''' -- great, respected -- ಬಲ್ಯ, ಮರ್ಯಾದಸ್ತ '''मुआ''' -- dead -- ಚತ್ತ್‌ಪೋನ '''मुआवजा''' -- compensation, recompense -- ಪರಿಹಾರ '''मुक़दमा''' -- a case, suit -- ಕೇಸ್, ಕೋರ್ಟ್‌ಕೇಸ್ '''मुक़बिला''' -- encountre, opposition -- ವಿರೋಧ, ಮೇಲೆ ಬೂವ '''मुकुट''' -- crown -- ಕಿರೀಟ '''मुकुर''' -- mirror, looking glass -- ಮೂಡ್‌ನೋಟುವ ಕನ್ನಡಿ '''मुक्त''' -- free, released -- ದಾಡದೂ ಹಂಗ್‌ಲಿಲ್ಲತ '''मुख''' -- face, mouth -- ಮೂಡ್ '''मुखड़ा''' -- face, prettyface -- ಮೂಡ್, ದುಂಡ್ '''मुखर''' -- explict, outspoken -- ನೇರೆ ಪರಂದದ್ '''मुखालफत''' -- opposition, antagonist -- ವಿರೋಧ '''मुखिया''' -- chief, head, leader -- ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥ, ನಾಯಕ '''मुख्य''' -- principal, chief -- ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಾಲ್, ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥ '''मुँगिया''' -- of dark green colour -- ಕರ್ಪು ಪಚ್ಚೆರಂಗ್‌ರ '''मुग्ध''' -- infatuation, charmed -- ಪೊಟ್ಟತನ, ಮುಗ್ದ '''मुजरा''' -- deduction, saluation -- ಕಳಿಯುವ, ಪರಿಹಾರ '''मुझ''' -- oblique form of, to me -- ನಾಕ್, ಓರೆಯಾನ '''मुंड''' -- head -- ಮಂಡೆ '''मुंडन''' -- shaving of the head -- ಮಂಡೆಕೀಚುವ '''मुंतखब''' -- selected, chosen -- ಆಂಜ, ಆಂಜಿ ಎಡ್‌ತ '''मुंतजिर''' -- waiting, expecting -- ಪಾರಕಾಪ '''मुतलफ''' -- absolutely, extremely -- ಖಂಡಿತವಾಯಿತ್ '''मुतालबा''' -- arears, dues -- ಬಾಕಿ '''मुद''' -- joy, pleasure -- ಕುಶಿ, ಸಂತೋಷ '''मुदबत''' -- period, duration -- ಅವಧಿ '''मुद्दा''' -- issue, theme -- ವಿವಾದ, ಫಲಿತಾಂಶ '''मुद्रण''' -- printing -- ಅಚ್ಚ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''मुद्रा''' -- seal -- ಮುದ್ರೆ '''मुनाफ़ा''' -- profit, gain -- ಲಾಭ '''मुनासिब''' -- reasonable, appropriate, suitable -- ನ್ಯಾಯಬದ್ಧವಾನ, ಸೆರಿಯಾನ '''मुनि''' -- an ascetic, a hermit, a sage -- ಮುನಿ, ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ '''मुनियाँ''' -- a kind of red coloured small female bird -- ಓರ್ ತರತ್‌ರ ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''मुनीम''' -- an indigenous system, accountant -- ಓರಂದ್ ಊರ್‌ರ ಪದ್ಧತಿ, ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಎಳುದುವಂವ '''मुनीश''' -- saint, sage, divine person -- ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ '''मुन्ना''' -- an endearment for a child -- ಕುಂಞಿಯಡ ಕೊಂಞಿತಕ್ಕ್ '''मुफ़लिस''' -- poor, indigent, worthless -- ಗರೀಬ '''मुफ़ीद''' -- useful, beneficial, profitable -- ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''मुफ़्त''' -- free of charge -- ಕಾಸಿಲ್ಲತೆ, ಬಣ್ಣೆ '''मुबलिग''' -- in all, numbering -- ಎಲ್ಲಾತು '''मुबारक''' -- auspicious, blessed, congratulations -- ಶುಭ, ದೇವ ಮೆಚ್ಚ್‌ನದ್ '''मुबाहिसा''' -- discussion, comment, argument -- ಚರ್ಚೆ, ವಾದ '''मुब्तला''' -- involved, joint, attached -- ಒಳಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''मुमकिन''' -- possible, feasible, accomplishable -- ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಪದ್, ಕಯ್ಯುವದ್ '''मुमुक्षा''' -- desire for the attainment of salvation -- ಮುಕ್ತಿ ಪಡಿವ ಆಸೆ '''मुमूर्षा''' -- desire to die -- ಚಾವಕ್ ಆಸೆ '''मुरकी''' -- a small earning -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ '''मुरछाना''' -- to faint, unconscious, lack of mind -- ಸೋಯ ತಪ್ಪುವ '''मुरझाना''' -- to fade, to wither -- ಬಾಡಿಪೋ '''मुरतब''' -- duly arranged -- ಏರ್ಪಾಡ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''मुरदा''' -- a corpse, dead body -- ಚಾವು, ಚತ್ತತಡಿ '''मुरदा दिल''' -- lifeless -- ಜೀಂವ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''मुरली''' -- flute, pipe -- ಪಾಂಗೊಳ '''मुराद''' -- desire, wish, ambition -- ಆಸೆ '''मुरारि''' -- lord Krishna -- ಕೃಷ್ಣ '''मुरीद''' -- a flower -- ಪೂ '''मुर्ग''' -- a cock -- ತೈರ ಕೋಳಿ '''मुर्चा''' -- rust -- ಇರ್ಂಬ್ ಕರೆ, ತುಕ್ಕ್ ಪುಡಿಪ '''मुर्दनी''' -- deathly stillness -- ಚತ್ತನ್ನಕೆ '''मुर्दार''' -- near dead -- ಚಾವ ಕಾನದ್ '''मुलक''' -- a country -- ದೇಶ '''मुलजिम''' -- an accused, impeach, charge -- ಅಪರಾಧಿ, ತಪ್ಪಿತಸ್ತನಾನಂವ '''मुलतवी''' -- postponed, adjourned, delayed -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ತೆರಕ್‌ನದ್ '''मुलम्मा''' -- gilding, plating, coating -- ಪೊನ್ನ್‌ನೀರ್‌ಮುಕ್ಕುವ, ಪೊನ್ನ್‌ರರಂಗ್‌ಡುವ '''मुलहठी''' -- liquorice -- ಓರ್ ನಾಡ್ ಮದ್ದ್‌ಗಿಡ, ಮೂಲಿಕೆ '''मुलाकात''' -- meeting -- ಸಭೆ, ಭೇಟಿ '''मुलाजिम''' -- servant, attendant, bearer -- ಆಳ್, ಸಹಾಯಕ '''मुलायम''' -- soft, tender, smooth -- ಪದಪದ, ಪೀಚೆ '''मुल्ला''' -- a Muslim priest -- ಮುಸಲ್ಮಾನ ಗುರು '''मुशायरा''' -- a poetic symposium -- ಕವಿಗೋಷ್ಠಿ '''मुंशी''' -- scribe, chank -- ಎಳ್ತ್‌ಕಾರ, ಗುಮಾಸ್ತ '''मुश्क''' -- the arm -- ರಟ್ಟೆ '''मुश्किल''' -- difficult, hard, tough -- ಕಷ್ಟತ್‌ರ '''मुश्की''' -- black, dusky -- ಕರ್‌ತದ್ '''मुश्त''' -- a fist -- ಮುಷ್ಟಿ, ಕೈಪುಡಿ '''मुश्तरक''' -- undivided, joint -- ಪಾಲ್‌ಪಂತಿ ಆಗತ, ಒಕ್ಕಚೇವಳ್ಳ '''मुष्टि''' -- a fist, fist blow -- ಮುಷ್ಟಿ '''मुसकान''' -- a smile, amused, pleased -- ಪೂಂದೆಳಿ, ಕುಸಿ '''मुसन्ना''' -- counter foil, duplicate, copy -- ಎಳ್ದ್‌ನ ಪಾಳೆರ ಬರಿ '''मुसन्निफ़''' -- a writer -- ಎಳ್ತ್‌ಕಾರ '''मुसम्मात''' -- a woman, widow -- ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್, ವಿಧವೆ '''मुसलसल''' -- continuously, without break -- ಎಡೆಬುಡತೆ '''मुसल्लम''' -- whole, complete -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ, ಇಡೀ '''मुसव्विर''' -- a painter -- ರಂಗ್‌ಡುವಂವ '''मुसाफ़िर''' -- a traveler, tourist, sojourner -- ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಕ, ನಡಂದ್ ಪೋಪಂವ '''मुसाहिब''' -- one meant chiefly to provide company -- ಕೂಟಾಳ್ '''मुसीबत''' -- difficulty, obstruction, hindrance -- ಕಷ್ಟ, ಅಡೆತಡೆ '''मुस्कुराना''' -- to smile, to cheer -- ಪೂಂದೆಳಿ '''मुस्टंडा''' -- stout bodied, robust -- ದೊಳ್ಳ '''मुस्तकबिल''' -- future, forth coming -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ '''मुस्तक़िल''' -- permanent, confirmed, fixed -- ಎಕ್ಕೊಲು, ಸಾಸ್ವೀಕ '''मुस्तनद''' -- authoritative, standard, trust worthy -- ಆಧಾರವುಳ್ಳ, ಅಧಿಕಾರ ದುಂಬ್‌ನ '''मुस्तैद''' -- agile, vigilant, ready -- ಚುರ್‌ಕಾನ, ಎಚ್ಚರವುಳ್ಳ '''मुहतरम''' -- honourable, respected, respectful -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಸ್ತ '''मुहताज''' -- dependent on, needy -- ಒಬ್ಬನ ನಂಬಿತುಳ್ಳ '''मुहब्बत''' -- love, affection, fondness -- ಕೊದಿ, ಪ್ರೀತಿ '''मुहर''' -- seal, stamp, a gold coin -- ಮುದ್ರೆ '''मुहरा''' -- the front part, face, countenance -- ಎದ್‌ಕೆಬರಿ, ಮೂಡ್ '''मुहर्रम''' -- Muslim festival -- ಮುಸಲ್ಮಾನಡ ನಮ್ಮೆ '''मुहर्रिर''' -- a scribe, a clerk, writer -- ಎಳ್ತ್‌ಕಾರ, ಗುಮಾಸ್ತ '''मुहलत''' -- period of grace -- ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ತ ಅವಧಿ '''मुहल्ला''' -- locality, ward, street -- ಪ್ರದೇಶ, ಗಲ್ಲಿ '''मुहाना''' -- estuary, source, origin -- ಸಮುದ್ರ ಕೊಲ್ಲಿ, ಮೂಲ '''मुहाफ़िजा''' -- protector, guardian, parent -- ಕಾಪಾಡುವಂವ '''मुहार''' -- facade -- ಕಟ್ಟಡತ್‌ರ ಎದ್‌ಕೆ ಬರಿ '''मुहाल''' -- difficulty, impossible, absurd -- ಕಷ್ಟ, ಕಯ್ಯತದ್ '''मुहिम''' -- an expedition, campaign, an arduous taslk -- ಪಡೆಕ್ ಪೋಪ '''मुहूत्र्त''' -- an auspicious moment, good time -- ಶುಭಗಳಿಗೆ, ಮೂರ್ತ '''मुहैया''' -- available, procured, generate -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟುವದ್ '''मुह्रमान''' -- growing senseless, heading towards, unconsciousness -- ಸೊಯ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ, ಬೊಳಿವ '''मूक''' -- dumb, mute, speechless -- ಬಾಯಿಬರತಂವ, ಮೂಗ '''मूँग''' -- green lentil -- ಪಟ್ಟೆ ಅವರೆ '''मूँगफली''' -- ground nut -- ನೆಲಗಡಲೆ '''मूँगा''' -- coral -- ಪಳುವ '''मूँच''' -- moustaches, whiskers -- ವಿಸೆ '''मूँछी''' -- a kind of gruel -- ಕಂಜಿ '''मूँज''' -- a kind of long reed used for making ropes etc -- ನಾರ್, ಬೂಣೆನಾರ್ '''मूजिब''' -- cause, reason, through -- ಕಾರಣ '''मूठ''' -- a hilt, handle, haft -- ಪುಡಿ (ಕತ್ತಿರ ಪುಡಿ) '''मूँड़''' -- head -- ಮಂಡೆ '''मूढ़''' -- stupid, foolish, dull -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ, ಪೆದ್ದ '''मूढ़ता''' -- stupidity, foolishness, lack of mind -- ಪೊಟ್ಟತನ, ದಡ್ಡತನ '''मूढबुद्दि''' -- lethargic, innocent, unknown -- ಕೆಯ್ಯಂಗಳ್ಳ, ಸೋಮಾರಿ '''मूत''' -- urine, piss -- ಉಚ್ಚೆ '''मूतना''' -- to piss, to make water, to pass urine -- ಉಚ್ಚೆ ಆಟ್ '''मूत्रदोष''' -- urinary trouble -- ಉಚ್ಚೆ ಆಟುವಾಲ್ ತೊಂದರೆ '''मूत्रनली''' -- urinary duct -- ಉಚ್ಚೆ ನಾಳ '''मूत्राशय''' -- urinary bladder -- ಉಚ್ಚೆ ಪೊಟ್ಟೆ '''मूर्ख''' -- foolish, uneducated, illiterate -- ಮುಠಾಳ, ಎಳ್ತಿಲ್ಲತಂವ '''मूर्खता''' -- stupidity -- ಪೊಟ್ಟತನ '''मूर्च्छन''' -- fainting, swooning, unconscious -- ಸೊಯ ತಪ್ಪುವ '''मूर्च्छना''' -- cadence, unconciousness -- ಪೋದ ಇಲ್ಲತಾಪ '''मूर्च्छित''' -- fainted, dizzy, distant -- ಸೊಯತಪ್ಪ್‌ನ '''मूर्छा''' -- fainting, swoon -- ಪೋದ, ಸೋಯ '''मूर्त''' -- concrete, actual, compact -- ಸೆರಿಯಾನ, ನೇರಾನ '''मूर्ति''' -- an idol, statue -- ಆಳ್‌ರೂಪ, ಮೂರ್ತಿ '''मूर्तिकला''' -- an idol, statue -- ಆಳ್‌ರೂಪ, ಮೂರ್ತಿ '''मूर्तिमान''' -- personified, incarnate -- ಮನುಷ್ಯ ರೂಪತ್‌ಲ್ '''मूर्धन्य''' -- top ranking, leading -- ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗ್ಂಜಿ ಬಲ್ಯಸ್ಥಾನ '''मूल''' -- root -- ಬೇರ್ '''मूलकारण''' -- the root cause -- ಮೂಲ ಕಾರಣ '''मूलग्रन्थ''' -- original book -- ಮೂಲ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''मूलतः''' -- basically -- ಮೂಲತ '''मूलांग''' -- rhizoid -- ಮೂಲಾಂಗ '''मूलाधार''' -- one of the six organs in the body -- ತಡಿರ ಆರ್‌ಭಾಗತ್‌ಲ್ ಒಂದ್ '''मूली''' -- radish -- ಮೂಲಂಗಿ '''मूल्य''' -- the cost, price, worth -- ಕ್ರಯ, ಬೆಲೆ '''मूल्य सूचकांक''' -- price index -- ಕ್ರಯ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''मूल्यसूची''' -- price list -- ಕ್ರಯ ಪಟ್ಟಿ, ಬೆಲೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''मूल्यांकन''' -- assessment, valuation, assessment -- ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಬೆಲೆ ಕೆಟ್ಟುವ '''मूल्यान''' -- valuation, evaluation, assessment -- ಬೆಲೆ ಕೆಟ್ಟುವ '''मूल्यानुसार''' -- advalorem -- ಮೂಲ ತ್‌ರೆನ್ನಕೆ '''मूषक''' -- a rat -- ಎಲಿ '''मूस''' -- a rat -- ಎಲಿ '''मूसना''' -- to steal, to squeeze out, to wring -- ಕಪ್ಪ, ಪುಂಡಿತೆಡ್ '''मूसल''' -- a spigot, pounder, pestle -- ಒಳಕೆ, ಒನಕೆ '''मूसलचंद''' -- stout, sturdy -- ತಡ್‌ಚ, ಗಟ್ಟಿಮುಟ್ಟಾನ '''मूसली''' -- a small pestle, a medicinal plant -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಒಳಕೆ (ಒನಕೆ) ಓರ್ ಮದ್ದ್‌ಗಿಡ '''मूसा''' -- a rat, the founder of Jewish religion -- ಎಲಿ, ಯೆಹೂದ್ಯಂಗಡ ಧರ್ಮ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ '''मूसीकी''' -- music, art -- ಸಂಗೀತ, ಕಲೆ '''मृग''' -- a deer -- ಮಿಗ (ಜಿಂಕೆ) '''मृगया''' -- hunting, pursue, chase -- ಬೋಟೆ, ದವುತ್ '''मृगांक''' -- the moon -- ಚಂದ್ರ '''मृगाक्षी''' -- deer eyed -- ಜಿಂಕೆ ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ರ '''मृगी''' -- a hind -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಮಿಗ (ಬೋಳಿ ಮಿಗ) '''मृगेन्द्र''' -- a lion -- ಸಿಂಹ '''मृणाल''' -- lotus stalk, a lotus plant -- ತಾವರೆ ಗಿಡ '''मृणालिनी''' -- lotus plant -- ತಾವರೆ ಗಿಡ '''मृण्मय''' -- earthly, clayey -- ಮಣ್ಣ್‌ರ '''मृण्मूर्ति''' -- a clay idol, clay model -- ಮಣ್ಣ್‌ರ ಮೂರ್ತಿ '''मृत''' -- dead, extinct -- ಚತ್ತ್ ಪೋನ, ಇಲ್ಲತಾನ '''मृतक''' -- a dead body -- ಚಾವು, ಚತ್ತತಡಿ '''मृतोत्थान''' -- resurrection -- ಚತ್ತಿತ್ ಪುಟ್ಟುವ '''मृत्तिका''' -- earth, clay -- ಮಣ್ಣ್ '''मृत्तिका उझोग''' -- ceramic industry -- ಕುಂಬಾರಪಣಿ, ಮಣ್ಣ್‌ರ ಕಲಪಣಿ '''मृत्यंजय''' -- one who has conquered death -- ಚಾವುನ ಜಯಿಸ್‌ನಂವ '''मृत्यु''' -- death, demise, the end -- ಚಾವು, ಮರಣ '''मृत्यु दंड''' -- capital punishment -- ಪಾಸಿ '''मृत्युकाल''' -- time of death -- ಪೋಕ್‌ಗಾಲ, ಚಾವ ಕಾಲ '''मृत्युभय''' -- death scare -- ಚಾವುರ ಪೋಡಿ '''मृत्युशय्या''' -- death bed -- ಚಾವಕಾನದ್, ಚಾವನೇರ '''मृत्युशोक''' -- bereavement, demise -- ಚತ್ತಾಂಡ ದುಃಖ '''मृदंग''' -- a drum, Indian musical percussion instrument -- ದೋಳ್ '''मृदु''' -- soft, sweet, tender -- ಪದಪದ ಮೊದ್‌ರವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''मृदुता''' -- softness, sweetness, tenderness -- ಪದಪದ ಉಳ್ಳ, ಮೊದ್‌ರ '''मृदुभाषी''' -- soft spoken -- ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ ಪರೆಯುವ '''मृदुल''' -- soft, sweet, tender -- ಪದಪದ, ಮೊದ್‌ರ '''मृषा''' -- false, untrue, illusion -- ತಪ್ಪು '''मृषाज्ञान''' -- illusion, false knowledge, decietful -- ತಪ್ಪು ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆ, ಭ್ರಮೆರ '''मेख''' -- a ram, zodiac sign -- ಆಣ್ ಕೊರಿ '''मेख''' -- a nail, peg, pin -- ಆಣಿ '''मेखला''' -- a girdle, zone, range -- ಅರ್‌ಮಂಜಿ, ಅರೆಪಟ್ಟಿ, ಪ್ರದೇಶ '''मेघ''' -- a cloud -- ಮೋಡ '''मेघ धनुष''' -- a rainbow -- ಮಳೆಬಿಲ್ಲ್, ಕಾಮನಬಿಲ್ಲ್, ಅರ್ಜುನಬಿಲ್ಲ್ '''मेघमाला''' -- an accumulation -- ಮೋಡಕವುಂಜದ್ '''मेघा''' -- frog -- ಕಪ್ಪೆ '''मेघाडंबर''' -- thunder of the clouds -- ತೆಡ್‌ಇಡಿ '''मेज''' -- a table -- ಮೇಜಿ '''मेजबान''' -- a host -- ಊಟತಪ್ಪಂವ, ಕಾಕ್‌ನ ಬೆಂದು, ಮನೆಕಾರ '''मेजर''' -- a major -- ಕಾಳೆತೇಂದಾಂವ, ಮಿಲ್ಟ್ರಿ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ '''मेट''' -- a foreman, a super visor of labourers -- ಪಣಿಕಾರಡ ಎಚ್ಚರಗಾರ '''मेटा''' -- an earthen pot -- ಮಣ್ಣ್‌ರ ಕಲ, ಕುಡಿಕೆ '''मेटिया''' -- a small earthen pot -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಮಣ್ಣ್ ಕುಡಿಕೆ '''मेड़''' -- boundary wall between two fields -- ಏರಿ '''मेड़ल''' -- medal -- ಮೆಡಲ್, ಪದಕ '''मेढ़ा''' -- a ram, tud -- ಆಣ್ ಕೊರಿ '''मेथी''' -- fenugreek -- ಉಲುವೆ (ಮೆಂತೆ) '''मेदा''' -- the stomach -- ಪೊಟ್ಟೆ, ಕೆಲ '''मेदिनी''' -- the earth -- ಭೂಮಿ '''मेध''' -- a sacrifice -- ಪರಕೆ '''मेधा''' -- intellect, brilliance, wisdom -- ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತಿಕೆ '''मेधावान''' -- intelligent, brilliant, wise -- ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ '''मेंबर''' -- member -- ಸದಸ್ಯ '''मेम''' -- madam -- ಮೇಡಂ (ಅಮ್ಮಾ) '''मेमना''' -- a lamb, lambkin -- ಆಡ್‌ಕುಟ್ಟಿ '''मेमार''' -- mason, one who constructs -- ಗಾರೆಗಾರ '''मेय''' -- measurable, evaluate, guage -- ಅಳತೆ ಮಾಡುವದ್ '''मेयर''' -- a mayor -- ಮೇಯರ್ '''मेरा''' -- my, mine -- ನಾಡ '''मेरु''' -- mythological mountain -- ಮಾಮೇರು (ಮೇರು ಪರ್ವತ) '''मेरुदंड''' -- spine, backbone -- ಬೆನ್ನ ಮೂಳೆ '''मेल''' -- concord, accord, amicability -- ಒಪ್ಪಂದ '''मेलका''' -- matching -- ಸೆರಿಯಾಪದ್, ಹೊಂದುವದ್ '''मेलगाड़ी''' -- a mail train -- ಮೇಲ್ ಗಾಡಿ '''मेलजोल''' -- intimacy, cordiality, friendship -- ಸ್ನೇಹಾಚಾರ '''मेला''' -- a fair, bang, carnival -- ನಮ್ಮೆ, ಚತ್ತೆ, ಜಾತ್ರೆ '''मेली''' -- a friend -- ಸಿನೇತ '''मेवा''' -- dry fruit -- ಒಣಂಗ್‌ನ ಪಣ್ಣ್ '''मेवाड़ी''' -- Rajasthani -- ರಾಜಸ್ಥಾನಕಾರ '''मेष''' -- Aries -- ಮೇಷ ತಿಂಗ (ದಲ್ಮ್ಯಾರ್) '''मेस''' -- mess, an eating place -- ತಿಂಬೊ ಜಾಗ '''मेह''' -- rain, rainfall, downpour -- ಮಳೆ '''मेंह''' -- rain, cloud burst, down pour -- ಮಳೆ, ಜಡಿಮಳೆ '''मेहतर''' -- a sweeper, attendant, peas -- ವೊಡುಕುವೊ, ಕುರು '''मेहंदी''' -- myrtle -- ತೇರಣ '''मेहनत''' -- labour -- ಪಣಿ '''मेहनताना''' -- remuneration, honorarium, salary -- ಸಂಬಳ '''मेहनती''' -- laborious, assiduous, diligent -- ಕಷ್ಟತ್‌ರ '''मेहमान''' -- a guest -- ಬೆಂದ್‌ಕ '''मेहमानदार''' -- a host -- ಊಟ ಕೊಡುಪವು '''मेहमानी''' -- staying as guest -- ಬೆಂದಕಡನ್ನಕೆ ಒಳಿಯೊ '''मेहर''' -- kindness, compassion, mercy -- ಕರುಣೆ '''मेहराब''' -- an arch -- ಕಮಾನ್ '''मेहरारु''' -- a woman -- ಪೊಂಗ '''मैं''' -- I -- ನಾನ್ '''मैगजीन''' -- a magazine -- ಸಂಜಿಕೆ '''मैजिक''' -- magic -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಕಟ್ಲ್ ವಿದ್ಯೆ '''मैत्री''' -- friendship, cardiality, intimacy -- ಸಿನೇಚಾರ '''मैथुन''' -- coitus, cohabitation, intercourse -- ತರಿಕೂಡೊ, ಒಂದಾಪೊ '''मैदान''' -- a field, battlefield, plains -- ಪರಂಬು, ಪಡೆಭೂಮಿ '''मैदानी''' -- pertaining to plains -- ಸಮತ್ತಟ್ಟ ಜಾಗ '''मैनसिल''' -- red arsenic -- ಚೋಂದವಿಸ '''मैना''' -- black Indian bird, famous for it`s melodious song -- ಭೀಮರಾಜ ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''मैनेजर''' -- a manager -- ಮ್ಯಾನೇಜರ್ '''मैयत''' -- deadbody, corpse -- ಚಾವು ತಡಿ '''मैया''' -- mother -- ಅವ್ವ '''मैल''' -- dirt, filth, scum -- ಜಿಡ್ಡ್ '''मोक्ष''' -- salvation, preservation, reclamation -- ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ '''मोखा''' -- a scuttle -- ಕುಳ್ಳ ಓಟ್ '''मोघ''' -- in fructuous, ineffective, destructive -- ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾಟತದ್ '''मोच''' -- sprain, twist -- ಉಳ್‌ಕ್ '''मोचना''' -- riddance, liberation, salvation -- ಬುಡುಗಡೆ '''मोची''' -- shoe maker, cobbler -- ಕಾಮೊಟ್ಟ್ ಪೊಲ್ಲುವಂವ '''मोजा''' -- socks, stocking -- ಕಾಲ್‌ಗೌಸ '''मोट''' -- a bundle -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್, ಪೊರೆ '''मोटर''' -- a motor car -- ಕಾರ್ '''मोटरी''' -- a bundle -- ಒರ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ '''मोटा''' -- fat, plump, thick -- ಬಣ್ಣ, ಪೈಲ್ '''मोटा अंदाज''' -- rough estimate -- ಒರ್ ಅಂದಾಜ್ '''मोटा काम''' -- manual work -- ತಡಿರ ಪಣಿ '''मोटा झोटा''' -- rough course -- ಒರಟಾನದ್ '''मोटाई''' -- to fatten, to grow, become wealthy -- ಬೊಳಿಯುವ, ಪಣಕಾರ ಅವ '''मोटापा''' -- fatness -- ಬಣ್ಣತೆ '''मोटी रक़म''' -- a substantial amount -- ಬಲ್ಯಗಂಟ್ '''मोड़''' -- a turn, folds, bend -- ತಿರೋ, ಮಡಕ್, ಬಗ್ಗ್ '''मोड़ना''' -- to turn, to turn back, to fold -- ತಿರಿತ್ ನೋಟೊ, ಮಡ್‌ಕೊ '''मोतदिल''' -- moderate, temperate -- ಸಾಧಾರಣತ್ತ್‌ರ '''मोतबर''' -- reliable, credible, trust worthy -- ನಂಬೋಂತದ್ '''मोतिया''' -- a kind of jasmine flower -- ಒರ್ ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಮಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ಪೂ '''मोतियाबिंद''' -- cataract -- ಕಣ್ಣರ ಪರೆ '''मोती''' -- pearl -- ಮುತ್ತ್ ಮಣಿ '''मोतीचूर''' -- very tiny sweetened balls of gram -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಮೊದ್‌ರ ಉಂಡೆ '''मोद''' -- delight, happiness -- ಸಂತೋಸ '''मोदक''' -- a typical indigenous sweet meat -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ ತಿಂಡಿ '''मोदश''' -- blunt, dull, blunt edged -- ಮೊಂಡ್ '''मोना''' -- clean shaven -- ಚವರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ '''मोनोग्राम''' -- monogram -- ಕೂಡಿತುಳ್ಳ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''मोनोमशीन''' -- monotype print machine -- ಒರ್‌ತರತ್ತ್ ರ ಯಂತ್ರ '''मोम''' -- wax -- ಮಳಂಜಿ, ಮೇಣ, ಮೊಗ್ಗ್ '''मोम की मरियम''' -- very tender woman -- ಬೈತ್ ಆಗತಪೀಚೆ ಪೊಂಗ '''मोमदिल''' -- soft hearted, compassionate -- ಮೆತ್ತೆ ಮನಸ್ '''मोमबत्ती''' -- candle, stick -- ಮೇಣ ಬತ್ತಿ '''मोमिया''' -- a mummy, preserving mixture, wax -- ಮೆಳಂಜಿ, ಮೇಣ, ಮೊಗ್ಗ್ '''मोर''' -- peacock -- ನವಿಲ್ '''मोरचा''' -- a battle front -- ಪಡೆ ಭೂಮಿ '''मोरछल''' -- a whisk made of peacock feather -- ನವಿಲ್‌ರ ತೊಪ್ಪಟೆಲ್ ಮಾಡನ ತಾಡಿ '''मोरी''' -- a culvert, drain, conduit -- ಮೋರಿ '''मोल''' -- cost, price, bargaining -- ಕ್ರಯ '''मोल बढ़ाना''' -- to raise the price -- ಕ್ರಯ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಮಾಡೊ '''मोह''' -- illusion, ignorance, affection -- ಅರಿವಿಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''मोहक''' -- charming, fascinating, casting a spell -- ದುಂಬಾ ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''मोहताज खाना''' -- a work house -- ಪಣಿ ಕೆಯೋಮನೆ '''मोहन''' -- charming, attractive, tempting -- ಏರ ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''मोहना''' -- to attract, to charm, to tempt -- ಅಕರ್ಷಿಚಿಡೊ '''मोहनी''' -- a spell, delusion, enchantment -- ನಿಶಬ್ದ, ಜಪ '''मोहब्बत''' -- love -- ಕೊದಿ '''मौक़ा''' -- chance, occasion, time -- ಸಮಯ ಆಪೊ, ಸಮಯ ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟುವ '''मौंक़े पर''' -- at the appropriate time -- ಸಂದರ್ಭಕ್ ತಕ್ಕ '''मौक़े से''' -- duly, just -- ಸಂದರ್ಭ '''मौखिक''' -- oral, verbal -- ಬಾಯಿಲ್ ಕೇಪ, ಬಾಯಿ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''मौज''' -- a whim, caprice, enjoyment -- ಕುಸಿ, ಅಸೆ '''मौज मजा''' -- enjoyment -- ಕುಸಿ '''मौज़ा''' -- a village -- ಗ್ರಾಮ '''मौजूँ''' -- reasonable, suitable, mirthful -- ಸರಿಯಾನದ್ '''मौजूद''' -- present, existing, attending -- ಇಪ್ಪ, ಇಪ್ಪಂತದ್, ಇಕ್ಕತ್‌ರ '''मौजूदा''' -- current, present, contemporary -- ಇಕ್ಕತ್ತ್‌ರ '''मौत''' -- demise, death, morality -- ಚಾವ '''मौन''' -- quiet, mum, silent -- ಮೌನ '''मौनी''' -- under a vow not to speak -- ಮೌನವಾಯ್ತ್, ಸದ್ದಿಲ್ಲತೆ '''मौर''' -- a pyramid -- ಗೋಪರ ಮಾದರಿ ಕಟ್ಟಡ, ಪಿರಾಮಿಡ್ '''मौरुसी''' -- hereditary -- ವಂಶಪಾರಂಪರ್ಯ '''मौलवी''' -- a scholar of Islamic law -- ಮೌಲ್ವಿ '''मौला''' -- the master -- ಮುಖ್ರಿ '''मौलाना''' -- a scholar of Arabic -- ಅರಬ್ಬೀ ಭಾಷೆರ ಪಂಡಿತ '''मौलि''' -- the crown of the head -- ಮಂಡೆರ ಕಿರೀಟ '''मौलिक''' -- original, primordial, fundamental -- ಅದಿಮೂಲ ಮೂಲತ್‌ರ '''मौसंबी''' -- orange fruit, citrus fruit -- ಪುಳಿ, ಅಡ್‌ಗುಣಿಪುಳಿ '''मौंसम''' -- season, weather, opportune time -- ಕಾಲ '''मौसमविज्ञान''' -- meteorology -- ಪವನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''मौसेरा''' -- related through or connected -- ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''म्याऊँ''' -- the cat`s mount -- ಪೂಞೆರ ಸ್ವರ '''म्यान''' -- sheath -- ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾಯ್ತ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪದ್, ಕತ್ತಿರ ಒರೆ '''म्युनिसिपल''' -- municipal -- ಮುನ್ಸಪಲ್ '''म्यूजियम''' -- a museum -- ವಸ್ತೂನ ಕೂಟಿ ಬೆಚ್ಚಜಾಗ '''म्लान''' -- wilt, withered, faded -- ರಂಗ ಪೋನದ್, ಒಣಂಗ್‌ನದ್ '''य''' -- first alphabet of the semi vowels of the Nagari alphabet -- ಅವರ್ಗೀಯ ವ್ಯಂಜನತ್?ರ ಸುರು ಅಕ್ಷರ '''यक''' -- one, alone, solitary -- ಒಂದ್, ಒಬ್ಬ '''यकलख्त''' -- suddenly, unexpectedly, quite -- ಒಮ್ಮಕೆ '''यकीन''' -- trust, faith, confidence -- ನಂಬಿಕೆ '''यकीनआन''' -- to feel assured confident, to have trust -- ನಂಬುವ '''यक़ीनन''' -- certainly, surely, without fail -- ಖಂಡಿತವಾಯ್ತ್, ನೇರಾಯ್ತು, ತಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡತೆ '''यकृत''' -- the liver, the organ which secretes bile -- ತೊಂಬೆ, ಪೂಯೆರ್ಚಿ '''यक्ष''' -- a class of mythological demi gods -- ಯಕ್ಷಂಗ '''यक्षमा''' -- tuberculosis -- ಕ್ಷಯ ರೋಗ '''यखनी''' -- gravy -- ಗಸಿ, ಕಣ್ಣೆ '''यजन''' -- the act or process of performing a sacrifice -- ಹಾರ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''यजमान''' -- one who performs -- ಯಜಮಾನ, ಕೊರವಕಾರ '''यजुर्वेद''' -- the third of the four Vedas -- ಮೂಂದನೆ ವೇದ '''यज्ञोपवीत''' -- the sacred thread traditionally worn-by the Hindus -- ಜನಿವಾರ, ಪೂಣೆನೂಲ್ '''यतीम''' -- orphan, to deprive of parents -- ತಬ್ಬಲಿ '''यतीमखाना''' -- an orphanage, orphans collectively, housing for orphans -- ತಬ್ಬಲಿಯಡ ಮನೆ '''यत्कचित''' -- somewhat -- ಸುಮಾರಾಯಿತ್ '''यत्न''' -- effort, endeavour, attempt -- ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ '''यत्नपूर्वक''' -- with effort -- ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ ಪಟ್ಟಿತ್ '''यत्नशील''' -- making effort -- ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ ಮಾಡೊ '''यत्र''' -- where, whatever -- ಎಲ್ಲಿ, ಎಂತೇಂಗಿ '''यंत्र''' -- machine, apparatus, bicycle, vehicle -- ಯಂತ್ರ, ಮಿಶಿನ್ '''यत्र तत्र''' -- here and there -- ಇಲ್ಲಿ, ಅಲ್ಲಿ '''यंत्र युग''' -- machine age -- ಯಂತ್ರ ಯುಗ '''यंत्रकार''' -- machine maker, machination, machine operator -- ಮಿಷಿನ್ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''यंत्रणा''' -- torture, infliction of severe pain, mental strain -- ಹಿಂಸೆ ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ಕ್ ಹಿಂಸೆ '''यंत्रमंत्र''' -- withcraft, wizard -- ಮಾಟಮಂತ್ರ '''यंत्रालय''' -- a printing press, machine room -- ಅಚ್ಚ್ ಮಾಡುವ ಜಾಗ '''यंत्रीकरण''' -- mechanization -- ಯಾಂತ್ರೀಕರಣ '''यथा''' -- as per, thus, for example -- ಅನ್ನನೆ ಆಚೇಂಗಿ '''यथाकथित''' -- as mentioned before, above said -- ಕಾಟ್‌ನನ್ನಕೆ, ಎಣ್ಣ್ಣ್‌ನನ್ನಕೆ '''यथाकर्तव्य''' -- according to one's duty -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಡ ಪಣಿರ ಪೋಲೆ '''यथाकर्म''' -- according to one's deeds -- ಅದೇ ತರ '''यथाक्रम''' -- in order, in serial,priority -- ಕ್ರಮ ಪೋಲೆ '''यथातथ्य''' -- at it is, intact, accuracy -- ಅದೆ ಪೋಲೆ '''यथादृष्ट''' -- as seen -- ನೋಟ್‌ನನಕೆ '''यथानियम''' -- as per rule -- ಕಾನೂನ್ ಪೋಲೆ '''यथाप्रयोग''' -- as per usage -- ಉಪಯೋಗ ಅನನಕೆ '''यथाबुद्धि''' -- according to understanding -- ಅರಂಜ ಪೋಲೆ '''यथाभिप्रेत''' -- an desired, according to, as requested -- ಕೇಟಂಡ ಪೋಲೆ '''यथाभिमत''' -- as per one's liking -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಡ ಆಸೆ ಪೋಲೆ '''यथारीति''' -- as per tradition -- ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಪೋಲೆ, ಪದ್ಧತಿ ಪೋಲೆ '''यथार्थ''' -- real, actual, accurate -- ನೇರಾಯ್ತು '''यथार्थत''' -- defacto, really, actually -- ನೇರಾಯ್ತು '''यथावसर''' -- according to opportunity -- ಅವಕಾಶತ್ತ್‌ರ ಪೋಲೆ '''यथाविधि''' -- according to law, as a tradition, as per the conditions -- ಕಾನೂನ್ ಪೋಲೆ '''यथाशीध्र''' -- as early as possible -- ಆಪಚ್ಚಕು ಬೆರಿಯ '''यथेच्छ''' -- according to one's wish -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಡ ಇಷ್ಟ ಪೋಲೆ '''यथेच्छाचार''' -- licentious, licentiousness, absolutism -- ಪುಲಿಯಾಡಿ '''यथेष्ट''' -- sufficient, adequate, enough -- (ಬೋಂಡಿಯನಕೆ) ಬೋಂಡಿಯಚ್ಚಕ್ '''यथोकत''' -- as stated, as mentioned, as said earlier -- ಎಣ್ಣ್?ನೆನ್ನಕೆ '''यथोचित''' -- due, proper reasonable -- ಸರಿಯಾನ ಕ್ರಮ '''यथोपरि''' -- ditto, as above, as stated -- ಒರೇ ಮಾದರಿ, ಅದೇ ಮಾದರಿ '''यदा''' -- when, where -- ಎಕ್ಕ, ಎಲ್ಲಿ '''यदि''' -- if, incase, provided that -- ಒರ್ ಪಕ್ಷ '''यदृच्छा''' -- random, arbitrariness, chance -- ಅವಕಾಶ '''यद्यपि''' -- though, although, even though -- ಅಚೇಂಗಿಯೂ, ಆನಕಲೂ '''यम''' -- the god of death -- ಯಮ '''यमक''' -- a particular word-based figure of speech -- ಅಲಂಕಾರ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರತ್‌ರ ಓರ್ ಶಬ್ದ '''यमुना''' -- Jamuna river -- ಜಮುನ ಪೊಳೆ '''यव''' -- barley, hardly, sparsely -- ಬಾರ್ಲಿ, ಕಷ್ಟತ್?ಲ್ '''यवन''' -- a Greek -- ಗ್ರೀಕ್ '''यवनिका''' -- a curtain -- ಪರದೆ '''यश''' -- fame, reputation, renown -- ಕೇಳಿ '''यशःशेष''' -- dead, extinct, deceased -- ಚತ್ತ್‌ಪೋನ '''यशस्वी''' -- celebrated, reputed, glorious -- ಪೆದಪೋನ, ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟ '''यशोगाथा''' -- a tale -- ಕತೆ '''यशोगान''' -- encomium, eulogy, singing the praises -- ಹೊಗಳಿಕೆ, ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆ '''यष्टि''' -- a stick, rod -- ಕೋಲ್ '''यह''' -- this, it -- ಇದ್ '''यहाँ''' -- here, nither, in this place -- ಇಲ್ಲಿ, ಈಜಾಗತ್ '''यहीं''' -- at this very place, here itself -- ಇಲ್ಲಿಯೆ '''या''' -- or, either -- ಇದ್, ಅಥವ '''याचक''' -- beggar, suppliant, poor -- ಭಿಕ್ಷೆಬೋಡುವಂವ, ಗರೀಬ '''याचना''' -- begging, entreaty, asking something -- ಬೋಡೋ, ಎಂತೇಂಗಿ ಕೇಪ '''याँचा''' -- a prayer, soliciation, entreaty -- ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆ '''याचिका''' -- petition, request, application -- ಕೇಟವ, ಅರ್ಜಿ '''याचित''' -- begged, asked for, prayed for -- ಬೋಡ್?ನದ್, ಕೇಟಂಡದ್ '''याजक''' -- one who performs -- ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''यातना''' -- torture, torment, severe pain -- ಹಿಂಸೆ, ನೊಂಬಲ '''यातायात''' -- traffic, coming and going -- ವಾಹನ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ, ಬಪ್ಪ ಪೋಪ '''यात्रा''' -- a journey, travel, tour -- ಪ್ರಯಾಣ '''यात्रिक''' -- passenger, a traveler, way farer -- ಸುತ್ತ್‌ವಂವ, ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಕ '''यांत्रिक''' -- mechanical -- ಯಂತ್ರಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''याथातथ्य''' -- exactness, accuracy, rightness -- ಸರಿಯಾನದ್ '''याथातथ्यता''' -- exactness, accuracy, correct -- ಸರಿ '''याद''' -- memory, recollection, rememberence -- ಗ್ಯಾನ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ '''यादकरना''' -- to memorise, to recall, remember -- ಗ್ಯಾನ ಮಾಡೋ, ಪುನಃ ಕಾಕೊ '''यादगार''' -- a monument, memorial, memento -- ಸ್ಮಾರಕ '''याददाशत''' -- memory, mental capacity, remembrance -- ಗ್ಯಾನ, ಗ್ಯಾನತ್ '''याददेद्यनी''' -- recollection, remembrance, reminding -- ಗ್ಯಾನ ಬಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡೊ '''यादी''' -- memo, memorandum -- ವಿಷಯತ್‌ನ ಅರಿಚಿರುವ ಕಾಗದ '''यादृच्छिक''' -- random, haphazard, arbitrary -- ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ಕ್ ಬಂದನಕೆ ಕಳಿಪೋ '''यान''' -- vehicle, a van -- ಮೋಟಾರ್ '''यानी''' -- that is, that is to say -- ಅದ್, ಅದ್ ಎಣ್ಣಕ '''यापन''' -- spending, passing, pre-eminent -- ಕಾಲಕೈಪ '''यामिनी''' -- the night -- ಬೈಟ್ '''याम्योत्तर''' -- meridian, equatorial line, meridian line -- ಉತ್ತರ ದಿಕ್ಕಿಂಜ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ದಿಕ್ಕ್‌ಕ್ ಇಡುವೋ ಒರ್ ಕಾಲ್ಪನಿಕ ರೇಖೆ, ರೇಖಾಂಶ '''यायावर''' -- a nomad, wanderer, itinerant -- ಒರ್‌ಜಾಗತಿಂಜ ಇಂಙ್ಯೋರ್ ಜಾಗಕ್ ಪೋಪದ್ '''यार''' -- friend, companion, lover -- ಸಿನೇತ, ಕೂಟಕಾರ '''याराना''' -- friendly, friendship -- ಸಿನೇಚಾರ '''यावत्''' -- as much, as long as, as far as -- ಇಚ್ಚಕ್, ಎಚ್ಚಕ್ '''युक्त''' -- united, combined, joined -- ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''युक्ति''' -- device, means, tactics -- ಉಪಾಯ, ಕೆಣಿ '''युक्तिपूर्ण''' -- rational, tactful, sound -- ಕೆಣಿಲ್, ಸದ್ದ್ '''युक्तिसंगत''' -- reasonable, rational, sagacious -- ನ್ಯಾಯವಾಯ್ತು ಳ್ಳದ್ '''युग''' -- an age, epoch, era -- ಒರ್ ಯುಗ '''युगपुरुष''' -- man of an age -- ಯುಗತ್‌ರ ಮನುಷ್ಯ '''युगलबंदी''' -- duet -- ದಂಡಾಳ್ ಕೂಡಿತ್ ಪಾಡುವ ಪಾಟ್ '''युगांत''' -- cosmic destruction -- ಪ್ರಳಯ '''युगान्तर''' -- new era, another -- ಪುದಿಯ ಯುಗ '''युगावतार''' -- representation, man of the age -- ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಚಿಡೋ, ಯುಗತ್?ರ ಮನುಷ್ಯ '''युग्म''' -- pair, couple, two -- ಜೊತೆ, ಜೋಡಿ, ದಂಡ್ '''युति''' -- conjunction, fusion, merger -- ಕೂಟೊ '''युद्ध''' -- war, battle, fight -- ಪಡೆ, ಪೋರಾಟ '''युद्धन्मत्त''' -- war crazy, war mongering -- ಪಡೆಪಿರಾಂದ್ '''युद्धविराम''' -- cease-fire -- ಸದ್ಯಕ್ ಪಡೆ ನಿಪ್ಪ '''युद्धोन्माद''' -- war craze, war hysteria -- ಪಡೆಪುಚ್ಚಿ '''युद्धोपकरण''' -- armament, weapons, armed -- (ಹತ್ಯಾರು) ಯುದ್ದೋಪಕರಣ '''युयुव्सा''' -- pugnacity, bellicosity, belligerence -- ಜಗಳಗಂಟ '''युरोप''' -- Europe -- ಯುರೋಪ್ '''युवक''' -- a youth -- ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ '''युवती''' -- a young woman -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಪೊಂಗ, ಬಾಲೆಕರತಿ '''युवराज''' -- prince -- ರಾಜಂಡ ಮೋಂವ, ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ '''युवरानी''' -- princess -- ರಾಜಂಡ ಮೋವ '''यूँ''' -- in this way -- ಇನ್ನನೆ '''यूक''' -- a louse -- ಪೇನ್ '''यूथ''' -- a group -- ಓರ್ ಗುಂಪು '''यूनिफार्म''' -- uniform -- (ಒರೇ ತರ) ಓರೇ ತರತ್?ರ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಯೂನಿಫಾರಂ '''यूनियन''' -- union -- ಒರ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ '''यूनिवर्सिटी''' -- a university, educational academy -- ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ '''ये''' -- they -- ಅಯಿಂಗ , ಇಯಂಗ '''येन-केन-प्रकारेण''' -- somehow -- ಎನ್ನನೆಯೊ '''यों''' -- like this -- ಇನ್ನನೆ '''योग''' -- total, sum, combinations -- ಒಟ್ಟು '''योगक्षेम''' -- welfare, well being, assistance -- ಯೋಗಕ್ಷೇಮ, ಚಾಯಿತೆ ಇಪ್ಪದ್ '''योगदान''' -- contribution, donation, benefaction -- ಚಂದಾ '''योगफल''' -- sum total, sum, total -- ಒಟ್ಟಾರೆ '''योगाचार''' -- yoga practices -- ಯೋಗ ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ '''योगाभ्यास''' -- the practice of yoga -- ಯೋಗಾಭ್ಯಸ '''योगिराज''' -- an ascetic -- ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ '''योगीश''' -- lord Krishna -- ಕೃಷ್ಣ ಭಗವಂತ '''योग्य''' -- qualified, able, capable -- ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''योग्यता प्राप्त''' -- qualified, capable, competent -- ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾನದ್ '''योजक''' -- uniting -- ಒಂದಾಪೋ '''योजन''' -- joining -- ಕೂಡಿಯವ '''योजना''' -- plan, organise -- ಯೋಜನೆ '''योजना आयोग''' -- planing commission -- ಯೋಜನ ಆಯೋಗ '''योजित''' -- planned -- ಯೋಜನೆ ಇಟ್ಟದ್ '''योद्धा''' -- warrior, fighter, combatant -- ಪಡೆಯಾಳಿ '''योधन''' -- fighting, combating, struggling -- ಪೋರಾಡೊ, ಕಷ್ಟ ಪಡೊ, ಪಡೆಪೊಪ್ಪ '''योनि''' -- female genetal organ -- ಚಂದಿ (ಯೋನಿ) '''योषा''' -- a woman -- ಪೊಂಗ '''यौगिक''' -- pertaining to total, conjunctive, derivative -- ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''यौतुक''' -- dowry, nuptial gift -- ಡೌರಿ '''यौद्धिक''' -- combative, battle, fight -- ಪಡೆ, ಪೋರಾಟ '''यौनरोग''' -- venereal disease -- ಚಂದಿ ಖಾಯ್ಲ, ಗುಹ್ಯ ರೋಗ '''यौम''' -- day -- ದಿನ '''यौवन''' -- youth -- (ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ) ಬಾಲ್ಯ '''यौवन प्राप्त''' -- one who has attained puberty -- ಬಲ್ಯದಾಪೊ, ಪೊಲೆ ಕಾಂಬೋ '''र''' -- the second amongst the series ªÉ,®ú,±É,´É of the Devanagari alphabet -- ಯ ವರ್ಗತ್‌ರ ದಂಡನೆ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''रई''' -- a churn-staff -- ಮೋರ್ ಕಲುಕುವ ಕೋಲ್ '''रईस''' -- nobleman, wealthy, richness -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಬುದ್ದಿಕಾರ, ಪಣಕಾರ '''रईसी''' -- nobility, grandiosity, richness -- ಕೇಳಿ ಪಟ್ಟ, ಪಣವುಳ್ಳ '''रंक''' -- poor, indigent, pauper -- ಗರೀಬ '''रक़बा''' -- area, region, circle -- ಜಾಗ, ಉರ್‌ಟ್ '''रक़म''' -- amount, addition, lot -- ಕೂಟೊ, ದುಂಬಾ '''रकाब''' -- a stirrup -- ಕುದುರೆ ಮೀದ ಅಳಪಕ ಕಾಲ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚೋಕ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಇರ್ಂಬರ ಬಳೆ '''रक़ाबत''' -- rivalry, enemity, adverse -- ಶತ್ರುತ್ವ, ವಿರೋಧ '''रक़ाबी''' -- a plate, dish, bowl -- ಬಟ್ಲ, ಪಾತ್ರ, ತಳಿಯ '''रकार''' -- the letter and its sound -- ಅಕ್ಷರ ಪಿಂಞಿ ಆಂಡಸ್ವರ '''रक़्कासा''' -- a dancing girl -- ಆಡುವ ಮೂಡಿ '''रक्त''' -- blood -- ಚೋರೆ '''रक्तक्षीणता''' -- anaemia, bloodless, ashen -- ಚೋರೆ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಅಪದ್ '''रक्तचाप''' -- blood pressure -- ಚೋರೆರ ಒತ್ತಡ '''रक्तज''' -- born of blood -- ಚೋರೆಲ್ ಪುಟ್ಟ್?ನದ್ '''रक्तनिर्माण''' -- sanguification -- ತಡಿಲ್ ಚೋರೆ ಪುಟ್ಟುವ '''रक्तपात''' -- bloodshed, battle, war -- ಚೋರೆ ಚೆಲ್ಲಾಡೊ, ಪಡೆ '''रक्तपिपास''' -- blood thirst -- ಚೋರೆ ಕುಡಿಪನಕ್ಕೆ ನೀತಾಳ ಅಪದ್, ಚೋರೆಊತುವವನ್ನತ '''रक्षण''' -- protection, custody, safe keeping -- ರಕ್ಷಣೆ, ವಶಕ್, ಅಡಕತ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚವ '''रक्षय''' -- protectable, defendable, to be defended -- ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಾಡೊ '''रक्षा''' -- defence, protection, custody -- ರಕ್ಷಣೆ, ಕಾಪಾಡಿಯವ '''रक्षा बंधन''' -- a festival, thread ceremony -- ನಮ್ಮೆ, ರಕ್ಷಾ ಬಂಧನ '''रक्षा मंत्रालय''' -- the ministry of defence -- ರಕ್ಷಣಾ ಮಂತ್ರಿ ರ ಇಲಾಖೆ '''रक्षागृह''' -- a defence post -- ರಕ್ಷಣೆರ ಕೆಲಸ '''रक्षात्मक''' -- defensive, self protection, depending -- ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಾಡಿಯವನ್ನತ '''रक्षित''' -- defended, protected, maintained -- ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಕಾಪಾಡಿಯಂಡದ್ '''रक्षी''' -- a guard, escort, defend -- ಪಾರಕಾರ '''रखना''' -- to put, to place -- ಇಡುವ, ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''रखरखाव''' -- maintenance, oliment, cave -- ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ, ಗುಹೆ '''रखवाला''' -- guard, technician, protection -- ಪಾರಕಾರ, ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''रखवाली''' -- safe keeping, guarding, water -- ಅಡಕತ್?ಲ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚವ '''रखाना''' -- to guard, to watch, to care -- ಎಚ್ಚರ ಎಡ್?ತವ '''रखैया''' -- a protector, support, keeping -- ಎಚ್ಚರ ಬೆಚ್ಚವಂವ '''रखैल''' -- a concubine, woman -- ಬೆಚ್ಚಂಡ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''रखौना''' -- a pasture land, pasturage -- ಬಾಣೆ '''रग''' -- a vein, a fibre -- ನೆರು, ನಾರ್ '''रंग''' -- colour, dye, ebbing -- ರಂಗ್, ರಂಗ್ ಮಾಡೊ '''रंग अमेज''' -- painter -- ರಂಗ್ ತೇಪಂವ '''रंग क्षेत्र''' -- a stage, organize, mount -- ವೇದಿಕೆ, ಕೂಟ್ '''रंग ढ़ग''' -- ways, manner, direction -- ದಿಕ್ಕ್, ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''रंग बिरंगा''' -- multi coloured -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ ರಂಗ '''रंग भूमि''' -- theatre, auditorium, hall -- ನಾಟಕ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಡ್‌ಪ ಜಾಗ '''रंग भेद''' -- colour bar -- ರಂಗ್ ಭೇದ '''रंग मंचीय''' -- stage, phase, auditorium -- ವೇದಿಕೆ '''रंग मंडप''' -- theatre, auditorium, stage -- ವೇದಿಕೆ '''रगड़''' -- friction, rub, abrasion -- ಉದ್ದುವ, ಜಗಳ '''रगड़खाना''' -- to be bruised -- ಕಂದಿಪೋಪೊ '''रगड़ना''' -- to rub, to scrub -- ಉದ್ದುವ '''रगड़लगना''' -- to sustain a bruise -- ಕಂದಿಪೋನಾನ ಬೆಚ್ಚವ '''रंगत''' -- tint, tinge, shade -- ರಂಗ್ ಇಡುವ '''रगदार''' -- fibrous -- ನಾರ್‌ರ ಅಂಶ '''रँगना''' -- to colour, dye -- ರಂಗ್ ಇಡುವ '''रगपट्ठ''' -- veins and muscles -- ನೆರು ಪಿಂಞ ಖಂಡ ಎರ್ಚಿ '''रगपहचानना''' -- to be thoroughly- familiar -- ಗೊತ್ತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''रंगरूप''' -- complexion and figure, shape -- ಅಕೃತಿ '''रंगरोग़न''' -- paint and varnish -- ಪೇಯಿಂಟ್, ಪಿಂಞ ವಾರ್ನಿಶ್ '''रंगसाज''' -- paint -- ರಂಗ್ '''रँगसेरेज''' -- dyer, painter -- ರಂಗ ಇಡುವಂವ '''रंगस्थापक''' -- mordant, biting -- ಕುತ್ತುವೋ, ಕಡಿಪಂತದ್ '''रगेदना''' -- to rout, to chase away -- ಓಡ್‌ಚಿಡೊ, ದೊವ್?ತುವ '''रंच''' -- slight, a little, somewhat -- ಚೆರ್ಂಗನೆ, ಚನ್ನ, ಸುಮಾರಾಯಿತ್ '''रचना''' -- composition, artistic creation -- ಕಲೆರ ರಚನೆ '''रचनाकार''' -- author, writer, creator -- ಎಳ್?ದುವಂವ, ಸಾಹಿತಿ '''रचयिता''' -- creator, composer, author -- ಉಂಟ್ ಮಾಡೊ, ಎಳ್ತ್?ಕಾರ '''रचाना''' -- to organise, arrange, codify -- ಏರ್ಪಾಡ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''रचित''' -- created, composed -- ರಚನೆ ಮಾಡ್?ನದ್ '''रज''' -- menstruation, dust -- ದೂಳ್, ತಿಂಗಪೊಲೆ '''रंज''' -- sorrow, anguish, blow -- ದುಃಖ, ಬೇಜಾರ '''रंजक''' -- pigment -- ರಂಗ್ '''रजत''' -- silver, metal -- ಬೊಳ್ಳಿ '''रजतजयंती''' -- silver jubilee -- ಬೊಳ್ಳಿ ನಮ್ಮೆ '''रजतपात्र''' -- silver utensil -- ಬೊಳ್ಳಿ ಪಾತ್ರ '''रंजन''' -- dyeing, painting, colouring -- ರಂಗ್ ಮುಕ್ಕೊ, ಪೇಂಟ್ ಮಾಡೊ, ರಂಗ್ ಮಾಡೊ '''रजनी''' -- night, dark -- ಇರ್, ಇರ್‌ಟ್ '''रजनीश''' -- the moon -- ಚಂದ್ರ '''रजपूती''' -- Rajput, valour -- ರಜಪೂತ '''रजर्वेशन''' -- reservation -- ಮೀಸಲಾಯಿತಿಪ್ಪೋ ಕಾತ್?ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''रजवहा''' -- distributory -- ಬಳಂಬುವದ್ '''रजवाड़ा''' -- native state -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್?ನ ಊರ್ '''रजस्वला''' -- in menstruation -- ಕುಳಿಪೊ (ಪೊರ್‌ಮೆ ಅಪೊ) '''रज़ा''' -- will, wish, ambition -- ಅಸೆ '''रजामंद''' -- willing, agreeing, consenting -- ಅಸೆ ಪಡೊ '''रंजित''' -- delighted, captivating, charming -- ದುಂಬ ಕುಸಿ '''रंजिश''' -- animus, ill feeling, greedy -- ದುರಾಸೆ, ಪಗೆ '''रजिस्टर''' -- register -- ನೋಂದಣಿ '''रजिस्ट्रार''' -- registrar -- ನೋಂದಣಿ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ '''रजिस्ट्री''' -- registration -- ನೋಂದಣಿ ಮಾಡೊ '''रंजीदा''' -- grieved, sorry, disturb -- ಬೇಜಾರ, ದುಃಖ '''रजोगुण''' -- exhibitions and such other attitudes -- ವಸ್ತೂನ ನೋಟೊಕ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪೋ '''रजोदर्शन''' -- monthly course -- ಪೊರ್‌ಮೆ ಅಪೊ, ತಿಂಗಪೊಲೆ '''रज्जु''' -- a rope, cord -- ಕೇರ್ '''रट''' -- constant repetition, reiteration -- ಅಕ್ಕಕ್ಕ ಎಣ್ಣುವ '''रटंत''' -- cramming, commission to memory, memorizing -- ಬಾಯಿಪಾಠ ಮಾಡೋ '''रटना''' -- to repeat, again and again -- ಎಣ್ಣ್?ನಾನೆ ಎಣ್ಣುವ '''रँड़ापा''' -- widowhood -- ವಡಿಯಚತ್ತವ '''रंडी''' -- a prostitute, bordello, bawdy -- ಚೂಳೆ, ಪುಲಿಯಾಡ್‌ಚಿ '''रंडीबाजी''' -- whorehouse, wenching with prostitutes, bawdy house -- ಚೂಳೆ ಮನೆ '''रँडुआ''' -- a widower -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಚತ್ತಂವೊ '''रण''' -- war, battle, bloodshed -- ಪಡೆ, ಚೋರೆ ಚೆಲ್ಲಾಡೋ '''रण कर्म''' -- fighting, conflict, combat -- ಪೊಯಿತ್ ಕಳಿ, ಪಡೆ '''रणकोष''' -- war fund -- ಪಡೆ ನಿಧಿ '''रणनीति''' -- strategy, approach, policy -- ಪಡೆ ತಂತ್ರ '''रणांगण''' -- the battle field -- ಪಡೆ ಭೂಮಿ '''रत''' -- attached, loving, enclosed -- ಅಂಟ್‌ಚಿಡೋ, ಕೊದಿರ '''रतनारा''' -- reddish, ruddy -- ಚೋಪುರಂಗ್?ರ '''रति''' -- love, sexual passion -- ಕೊದಿ '''रति शास्त्र''' -- science of love-making -- ಕಾಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''रतुआ''' -- rust -- ಇರ್ಂಬ್?ಕರೆ, ತುಕ್ಕ್ '''रतौधी''' -- nyctalopia, night blindness -- ಇರ್‌ಕುರ್‌ಡ್, ಇರ್?ಕಣ್ಣ್ '''रत्ती''' -- weight approximately equivalent to 2(1/4) grains -- ದಂಡೆಕಾಲ್, ತೂಕ '''रत्न''' -- a gem, precious stone -- ರತ್ನ, ದುಂಬಕ್ರಯತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕಲ್ಲ್ '''रत्नकार''' -- jeweller -- ತಟ್ಟ '''रत्नमाला''' -- a necklace of gems -- ರತ್ನತ್‌ರ ಬೋಳೆ ಮಾಲ್ '''रत्नाकर''' -- the sea -- ಸಮುದ್ರ '''रत्यात्मक''' -- erotic, amatorial, amatory -- ಕಾಮ ಕ್ ಸಂಮ್ಮಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''रथ''' -- a chariot -- ರಥ '''रथी''' -- one riding a chariot -- ರಥತ್‌ನ ನಡ್‌ತ್ತಿಯಂಡ್ ಪೋಪಂವ '''रथ्या''' -- course of chariot -- ರಥ ಪೋಪೋ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''रद''' -- a tooth -- ಪಲ್ಲ್ '''रद्द''' -- rejected, annulled, cancelled -- ತಿರಸ್ಕಾರ ಅನದ್, ಬೋಂಡತೆ ಮಾಡ್?ನದ್ '''रद्दा''' -- stratum, a layer -- ಪದರ, ಚೋಡಿ '''रद्दी''' -- worthless, valueless -- ಬೆಲೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''रद्दीमाल''' -- waste material -- ಬೋಂಡತ ಸಾಮಾನ '''रद्दोबदल''' -- change, alteration, option -- ಬದಲ್ ಮಾಡೊ, ಚಾಯಿ ಮಾಡೊ '''रंध्र''' -- hole, pore -- ತೂತ '''रन''' -- a run -- ಓಟ್ '''रनिवासा''' -- queen`s palace -- ರಾಣಿ ವಾಸ '''रपट''' -- report -- ವರದಿ '''रपटना''' -- to slip -- ಜಾರೋ '''रपटीला''' -- slippery -- ಜಾರೋಂತದ್, ಜಾರಿಕೆ '''रपट्टा''' -- slipping, pounce -- ಪಾರೊ '''रफ़''' -- rough -- ಒರಟ್ '''रफ़ता-रफ़ता''' -- slowly -- ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ , ನಿಧಾನತ್ '''रफ़तार''' -- speed, pace -- ರಭಸ '''रफ़र''' -- swiftly, quickly, promptitude -- ಬೆರಿಯ '''रफ़ल''' -- woolen wrapper -- ಉಲ್ಲ್‌ನಲ್ ಮುಚ್ಚುವದ್, ಉಲ್ಲನ್‌ಲ್ ಸುತ್ತುವದ್ '''रफ़ा दफा करना''' -- settled finished -- ತೀರ್ಮಾನ ಮಾಡಿತ್ ತೀಪೋ '''रफ़ूचक्कर होना''' -- to do a guy -- ಮಾಯ ಆಪ, ಕಾಣಾತಾಪ '''रब''' -- oh God -- ಓ ದೇವಾ '''रबड़''' -- an eraser -- ತಿಕ್ಕುವ ರಬ್ಬರ್ '''रबड़ी''' -- a typical sweet meat -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ ತಿಂಡಿ '''रबी''' -- spring crop -- ಬೇನಿ ಬೊಳೆ, ಕೋಟ ಕಾಲ ಪಿಂಞ ಬೇನಿಕಾಲತ್‌ರ ಮಧ್ಯ '''रब्त''' -- practice, exercise, drill -- ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ, ವ್ಯಾಯಾಮ '''रमक''' -- whim, conceit, caprice -- ಆಸೆ '''रमजान''' -- Muslim's festival -- ತುರಕಡ ನಮ್ಮೆ '''रमण''' -- sporting, amorous dalliance -- ಕಾಮದೇವ, ಕಾಮುಕ '''रमणी''' -- a pretty woman -- ಬೋಜಕಾರ್ತಿ ಪೊಂಗ '''रमणीय''' -- beautiful, pretty -- ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳ '''रमता''' -- wandering, roaming, ramble -- ಸುತ್ತೊ, ಸುತ್ತಿಯಂಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪದ್, ತಿರ್?ಗುವ '''रमना''' -- to enjoy, relish, rejoice in -- ಸಂತೋಷ ಪಡೋ '''रमल''' -- a mode of fortune-telling -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಆಪಾನ ಎಣ್ಣುವ '''रमवाना''' -- to take a swing -- ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಪೋಪ '''रमी''' -- a game of playing cards -- ಇಸ್ಪೀಟ್ ಕಳಿ '''रम्य''' -- beautiful, pretty, angelic -- ದೇವತೆ, ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳ '''रलना''' -- to get mixed -- ಮಿಸ್ರ ಮಾಡೊ '''रव''' -- noise, tumult, affray -- ಸದ್ದ್ '''रवन्ना''' -- an invoice -- ಬಿಲ್ಲ್ '''रवाँ''' -- trained, practised, capable -- ತಯಾರ್ ಮಾಡನದ್, ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ ಮಾಡ್?ನ '''रवानगी''' -- departure, send off -- ಬುಟ್ಟ್‌ಪೋಪ, ಐಪೋ '''रवाना''' -- despatched, transport, conveyance -- ಐಪೋ '''रवानी''' -- flow, fluency, arise -- ಪರಿಯೋ, ಸರಾಗತ್‌ಲ್ '''रवि''' -- the sun -- ಸೂರ್ಯ '''रविश''' -- walking passage -- ನಡ್‌ಪ ಜಾಗ '''रवैया''' -- attitude, behaviour, movement -- ವರ್ತನೆ, ಕಳಿ, ನಡತೆ '''रश्क''' -- envy, greedy, jealousy -- ದುರಾಸೆ, ಕಿಚ್ಚ್. '''रश्मि''' -- a ray -- ಕಿರಣ '''रस''' -- juice -- ರಸ '''रसगुल्ला''' -- a type of sweet -- ಮೊದುರ ಪುಟ್ಟ್ '''रसद''' -- supply, afford, contribute -- ಖರ್ಚ್ ಮಾಡೋಕ್ ಕೈಯ್ಯೋದ್, ಕೊಡ್?ಪ '''रसना''' -- the tongue -- ನಾವ್ '''रसनीय''' -- delicious, tasty, relish -- ಚೋದಾನ, ರಸತ್ತ್‌ರ '''रसरी''' -- a rope, cord, thick string -- ಕೇರ್, ಪೈಲ್‌ಕೇರ್ '''रसवंत''' -- full of relish extremely good, tasty -- ಏರ ರಸ '''रसवत्ता''' -- enjoyability, good movement, pleasing manner -- ನಲ್ಲ ನಡಪ್ '''रसवत्ती''' -- full of juice -- ದುಂಬ ರಸ '''रसवान''' -- filled with juice -- ರಸದುಂಬಿತ್ '''रसा''' -- the earth, soup -- ಭೂಮಿ '''रसाई''' -- approach, association, affiliation -- ಕೂಟಾದನೆಲ್ '''रसातल''' -- hell -- ನರಕ '''रसाभास''' -- a meresemblance of juicy -- ಅವಶ್ಯ ಇಲ್ಲತಲ್ಲಿ ಚೋದ್?ರ ವರ್ಣನೆ '''रसायन''' -- chemistry -- ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''रसायन वेत्ता''' -- a chemist -- ಮದ್ದ್‌ರ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿ '''रसायनिक''' -- an alchemist -- ರಸ ಸಿದ್ಧಾಂತಿ '''रसाल''' -- delicious, pleasing, tasty -- ರಸ ಆನದ್ '''रसास्वाद''' -- aesthetic relish -- ಚೋದಾನದ್ '''रसिआउर''' -- sugarcane juice -- ಕೈಬ್ಬುರಸ '''रसिक''' -- aesthetic sense -- ಚಾಯಿನ ಹೊಗಳೋ ಗುಣ ಇಪ್ಪದ್ '''रसिया''' -- liking juicy talks -- ರಸಕೂಟಿ ಪರೆವೋ '''रसीद''' -- receipt, acknowledgement, the act of receiving -- ರಸೀತಿ '''रसीला''' -- tasteful, delicious, relish -- ರಸ ಅನದ್, ಚೋದಾನದ್ '''रसूल''' -- divine messenger, god`s wish -- ದೇವಡ ಆಸೆ '''रसेरसे''' -- slowly, gradually, sluggish -- ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ, ನಿಧಾನತ್ '''रसोइया''' -- cooking -- ಅಡ್‌ಗೆ '''रसोई''' -- cooked food, kitchen -- ಅಡ್‌ಗೆ ಮನೆ, ಮಾಡ್?ನ ಅಡಿಗೆ '''रसौली''' -- a tumour -- ಕಂಡೆ, ಗಡ್ಡೆ '''रस्म''' -- a ceremony, ritual, custom -- ಸಮಾರಂಭ, ಪದ್ಧತಿ '''रस्सा''' -- a stout thick rope -- ಬಣ್ಣತ್?ರ ಕೇರ್ '''रस्सी''' -- a rope -- ಕೇರ್ '''रहँट''' -- a Persian wheel -- ಪರ್ಷಿಯನ್ ಚಕ್ರ, ಕಣತರೆಂಜಿ ನೀರ್ ಬಲಿಪ ರಾಟೆ '''रहन''' -- a pawn, pledge, assurance -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ, ಅಡುಬೆಪ್ಪ '''रहन-सहन''' -- living, animated, alive -- ರೀತಿನೀತಿ '''रहना''' -- to live, to stay, endure -- ಇಪ್ಪದ್, ವಾಸ ಮಾಡುವ '''रहम''' -- pity, mercy, kind -- ಕರುಣೆ, ಕೆಲಉರಿ '''रहमत''' -- kindness, mercy, pity -- ಕರುಣೆ, ದಯ '''रहस्य''' -- a secret, mystery, stealthy -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್ '''रहस्योदद्याटन''' -- communication, revelation, announcement -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಬಾಕ್ '''रहा''' -- past tense of ®ú½þxÉÉ -- ಇಂಜತ್ '''रहित''' -- without, devoid of -- ಬುಟ್ಟಿತ್, ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''रहीम''' -- kindly, kind hearted -- ದಯೆ, ದಯೆ ದುಂಬ್‌ನ ಮನಸ್ಸ್ ಇಪ್ಪದ್ '''राइफ़ल''' -- a rifle -- ತೋಕ್, ರೈಫಲ್ '''राई''' -- mustard, black mustard -- ಕರ್‍ತ ಕಡು '''राका''' -- the night of the full moon -- ಬೊಳ್ತ ಬಾವುರ ಬೈಟ್ '''राकेट''' -- rocket -- ರಾಕೆಟ್ '''राकेश''' -- the moon -- ಚಂದಿರ '''राक्षस''' -- a demon -- ರಾಕ್ಸ, ರಾಕ್ರಾಸಿ '''राक्षसी''' -- monstrous, abnormal, abhorrent -- ರಾಕ್ಸಸಿ '''राख''' -- ash -- ಬೂದಿ '''राखदानी''' -- ash tray -- ಬೂದಿ ಬಟ್ಲ '''राग''' -- melody -- ರಾಗ '''राँग''' -- tin, solder -- ಇರ್ಂಬು ಸಾಮಾನ್‌ನ ಅಂಟ್‌ಚಿಡೋ '''रागभाव''' -- affection, amity, attachment -- ಕೊದಿ '''रागी''' -- full of love -- ಕೊದಿಚಿತ್ '''राँघना''' -- to cook -- ಅಡಿಗೆ ಮಾಡೋ '''राँचना''' -- to be in love -- ಕೊದಿಲ್ '''राज''' -- a kingdom, realm -- ರಾಜ್ಯ '''राज़''' -- a secret, sensitive, mysterious -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್, ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮ '''राजकन्य''' -- princess -- ರಾಜಕುಮಾರಿ '''राजकर''' -- state tax -- ರಾಜ್ಯ ಕಂದಾಯ '''राजकाज''' -- public affairs of the state -- ರಾಜ ಕಾರ್ಯ '''राजकीय''' -- royal, public, government -- ಸರ್ಕಾರ '''राजतंत्र''' -- monarchy -- ರಾಜತಂತ್ರ, ರಾಜಪ್ರಭುತ್ವ '''राजधर्म''' -- state religion -- ರಾಜ್ಯ ಧರ್ಮ '''राजधानी''' -- a capital -- ರಾಜಧಾನಿ '''राजधानी परिषद''' -- metropolitan council -- ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಪರಿಷತ್ '''राजनय''' -- diplomacy, delicacy, finesse -- ವ್ವವಹಾರ ಚಾತುರ್ಯ '''राजनयप्रतनिधि''' -- diplomatic representative -- ರಾಜ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿ '''राजनीति''' -- politics -- ರಾಜಕೀಯ '''राजन्य''' -- a king, prince -- ರಾಜ '''राजप''' -- regent -- ರಾಜ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿ '''राजपत्र''' -- gazette -- ಗೆಜೆಟ್ '''राजभवन''' -- governor's bungalow -- ರಾಜ್ಯಪಾಲಂಡ ಬಂಗ್ಲಿ '''राजभाषा''' -- official language -- ಕಛೇರಿ ಬಾಸೆ, ಆಡಳಿತ ಭಾಷೆ '''राजमहल''' -- a palace, mansion -- ಅರಮನೆ '''राजमुद्र''' -- royal seal -- ರಾಜ ಮುದ್ರೆ '''राजवित्त''' -- public finance -- ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ಪಣಕಾಸ್ '''राजशाही''' -- royal, regal -- ಅರಸೊತ್ತಿಗೆ '''राजस''' -- born of or appropriate to -- ಸರಿಯಾನದ್ '''राजसात्कारण''' -- confiscation, seize for the treasury, to seize -- ಜಪ್ತಿ ಮಾಡಿತ್ ಸರಕಾರತ್ ರ ವಶಕ್ಎಡ್ತವ '''राजसी''' -- royal, regal, splendid -- ರಾಜಭೋಗತ್?ರ '''राजस्व''' -- revenue, income, profits -- ಕಂದಾಯ, ಅದಾಯ, ಲಾಭ '''राजा''' -- king, ruler -- ರಾಜ '''राजाज्ञा''' -- royal command, imperial decree -- ರಾಜಂಡ ಆಜ್ಞೆ '''राजाधिराज''' -- an emperor, ruler, king -- ರಾಜ '''राजाधिष्ठान''' -- royal head quarters -- ರಾಜಂಡ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕಛೇರಿ '''राजासन''' -- royal throne -- ರಾಜ ಸಿಂಹಾಸನ '''राजि''' -- a row, line, stanza -- ಸಾಲ್, ಗೆರೆ '''राजित''' -- to be resplendent -- ದುಂಬಾ ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''राज़ी''' -- willing, agreeable, desirous -- ದುಂಬಾ ಆಸೆಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಒತ್ತವಂತದ್ '''राजीनाम''' -- an agreement, compromise -- ಒಪ್ಪಂದ '''राजीव''' -- a lotus flower -- ತಾವರೆ ಪೂ '''राजेश्वर''' -- a monarch, an emperor, king -- ರಾಜ '''राज्ञी''' -- a queen -- ರಾಣಿ '''राज्य''' -- the state, king -- ರಾಜ್ಯ, ರಾಜ '''राज्यपाल''' -- governor -- ರಾಜ್ಯಪಾಲ '''राज्यमंत्री''' -- a minister of a king -- ರಾಜಂಡ ಮಂತ್ರಿ '''राज्याधिकार''' -- power of the state -- ರಾಜ್ಯಾಧಿಕಾರ '''राज्यारोहण''' -- accession to the throne -- ಸಿಂಹಾಸನ ತ್ ಅಳ್‌ಪೋ '''राँड़''' -- a widow, a term of abuse -- ವಡಿಯ ಚತ್ತವ '''राणा''' -- kings of Nepal -- ನೇಪಾಳತ್ತ್‌ರ ರಾಜ '''रात''' -- night, dark, sunset -- ಇರ್, ಬೈಟ್, ಸೂರ್ಯ ಮುಳುವ '''रातिब''' -- food for cattle -- ಮೇಚಿ, ಅತ್ತಡ ಮೇಚಿ '''रात्रि''' -- night -- ಇರ್, ಬೈಟ್ '''रान''' -- thigh -- ತೊಡೆ '''रानी''' -- a queen, beloved -- ರಾಣಿ '''राब''' -- molasses, treacle, thick syrup -- ಕೈಬುರ ರಸ '''राँभना''' -- to bellow, howl, roar -- ಗೂಳಿರೆನ್ನಕೆ ಗುಟ್?ರ್?ಡುವ, ಕೂತ್ '''राय''' -- opinion, view, advice -- ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ, ಸಲಹೆ '''रायता''' -- a dish prepared by mixing mixed vegetable in salted curd -- ತರಕಾರಿ ಮೋರ್‌ಪಜ್ಜಿ '''रार''' -- a quarrel, wrangling, dispute -- ಜಗಳ '''रार मोललेना''' -- ask for a quarrel -- ಜಗಳಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪೋ '''रारबढ़ाना''' -- to aggravate a quarrel -- ಜಗಳಕ್ ಕೆಣಕುವ '''राल''' -- resin, sticky substance formed in and oozing from plants -- ಗಿಡತಿಂಜ ಬಪ್ಪೋ ಅಂಟ್ '''रालटपकाना''' -- to be greedy for -- ದುರಾಸೆ ಪಡುವೋ '''राव''' -- a prince, title of the princes of certain former states of India -- ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ '''रावटी''' -- a tented apartment -- ಮನೆರ ಮೀದ ಗುಡಾರ '''रावल''' -- a title of certain Indian princes -- ಭಾರತತ್ತ್‌ರ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರಿಕ್ ಇಪ್ಪ ಪೆದ '''राशन''' -- ration/rationing, ruling -- ನಿರ್‌ಕ್ ಆನಒರ್‌ಭಾಗ, ಅಡಳಿತ, ರೇಶನ್ '''राशि''' -- amount, figure -- ಒಟ್ಟು '''राशिचक्र''' -- zodiac -- ರಾಶಿ ಚಕ್ರ '''राष्ट्र''' -- nation, country -- ದೇಶ '''राष्ट्रकवि''' -- national poet -- ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ ಕವಿ '''राष्ट्रगान''' -- national anthem -- ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ ಗೀತೆ '''राष्ट्रचिन्ह''' -- national emblem -- ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಗುರ್‌ತ್ '''राष्ट्रमंडल''' -- the common wealth -- ಕಾಮನ್ ವೆಲ್ತ್ '''राष्ट्रियता''' -- nationality -- ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯತೆ '''राष्ट्रीयकरण''' -- nationalization -- ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಕರಣ '''रास''' -- a circular dance performance associated with the legend of Krishna -- (ಕೃಷ್ಣಂಗಾಯಿತ್ ಮಾಡೋ ಆಟ್) '''रासायनिक''' -- chemical -- ರಾಸಾಯನಿಕ '''रास्त''' -- proper, appropriate, right -- ಸೆರಿಯಾನದ್ '''रास्ता''' -- way, path, route -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''रास्ता नापना''' -- to go one's own way -- ಸ್ವಂತ ಬಟ್ಟೆಲ್ ಪೋಪೋ '''रास्ता निकालना''' -- to find a way out -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಕಂಡು ಪುಡಿಪೋ '''रास्ता पकड़लेना''' -- to take one's own course -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ ತೇಡೋ '''रास्ता साफ करना''' -- to clean the way -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಚಾಯಿ ಮಾಡೋ '''रास्ताभूलना''' -- to make a chance appearance -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಮರ್ಂದ್‌ರೋ '''रास्ती''' -- patience, brave, frank -- ತಾಳ್ಮೆ, ಧೈರ್ಯ '''रास्ते का काँटा''' -- an obstacle -- ತಡೆ '''रास्ते पर लाना''' -- to bring round -- ಬಟ್ಟೆಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ತ್ತಂಡ್ ಬಪ್ಪೋ '''रास्तेलगना''' -- to follow one's own path -- ತಾಂಡಬಟ್ಟೆಲ್ ಪೋಪ '''राह''' -- a way, path, route -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ನಡಪ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''राह में खुदा की''' -- in the name of god -- ದೇವಡ ಪೆದತ್ '''राहखर्च''' -- travel expenses -- ಬಟ್ಟೆಕರ್ಚಿ '''राहगीर''' -- a traveler, way farer, tourist -- ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಕ, ಬಟ್ಟೆನಡಪಂವ '''राहजन''' -- a highway man -- - ದರೋಡೆಕಾರ ಬಟ್ಟೆತಡತ್ ಲೂಟಿ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''राहत''' -- comfort, relief -- ಆರಾಮ್, ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡೆ '''राहत कार्य''' -- relief operations -- ಪರಿಹಾರ ಕಾರ್ಯ '''राहत मिलना''' -- to get comfort -- ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ ಪಡಂದವ '''राहतदेना''' -- to give comfort -- ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ ಕೊಡ್?ಪ '''राहदारी''' -- way passport, octroi -- ಬಟ್ಟೆರ ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಪತ್ರ '''राहपूछना''' -- to seek information, regarding the way -- ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಪಡಂದವ '''राहरस्म''' -- mutual relations -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಡೊಬ್ಬಂಡ ಸಮ್ಮಂಧ '''राहित्य''' -- want, absence -- ಬೋಂಡು, ಇಕ್ಕತದ್ '''राही''' -- traveller, way farer, tourist -- ಪೊರ್‌ಮೆ ಸುತ್ತುವೊ, ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಕ '''रिआयत''' -- concession -- ಕ್ರಯ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಾಡೋ, ರಿಯಾಯಿತಿ '''रिआया''' -- subjects -- ವಿಸಯ '''रिकवेंछ''' -- an eatable prepared with gram flour -- ಕಡಲೇ ಪೊಡಿರ ತಿಂಡಿ '''रिकार्ड''' -- a record, gramophone record -- ಗ್ರಾಮಪೋನ್ ರೆಕಾರ್ಡ್, ದಾಖಲೆ '''रिकार्ड कायम करना''' -- to establish a record -- ದಾಖಲೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''रिक्त''' -- empty, void -- ಕಾಲಿ (ಖಾಲಿ) '''रिक्त हस्त''' -- penniless, empty hands -- ಬಣ್ಣೆಕೈ '''रिक्तमा''' -- vacancy -- ಖಾಲಿ ಇಪ್ಪದ್ '''रिक्शा''' -- a rickshaw -- ರಿಕ್ಷಾ '''रिंग''' -- a ring -- ಮೊಯಿರ '''रिंगणन''' -- the act or process -- ಪದ್ಧತಿ ಪೋಲೆ, ಕಾನೂನ್ ಕ್ರಮ ಪೋಲೆ '''रिंच''' -- a wrench -- ತಿರ್‌ಗಣಿ ಉಳಿ '''रिजर्व''' -- reserve -- ಕಾತ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''रिझाना''' -- to captivate -- ಮೋಡಿ ಮಾಡೋ, ಮರಳ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''रिटायर''' -- retired -- ನಿವೃತ್ತಿ '''रिंद''' -- a libertine -- ಪುಲಿಯಾಡಿ, ಪೋಕ್?ರಿ '''रिपु''' -- an enemy, rivalry, adverse -- ಸತ್ರು, ವೈರಿ '''रिपोर्ट''' -- a report -- ವರದಿ '''रिबन''' -- a ribbon -- ರಿಬ್ಬನ್ '''रिमझिम''' -- drizzling -- ಚಿಲ್ಂಗೋ '''रिमार्क''' -- a remark -- ಕುತ್ತಪರಿವ '''रियाज''' -- practice, exercise, repeat -- ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ ಮಾಡೋ, ಪುನೋದಿ ಎಣ್ಣುವ '''रियाजी''' -- industrious -- ನೈಪಂವ '''रियायत''' -- exemption -- ಬುಡ್?ಗಡೆ, ವಿನಾಯಿತಿ '''रियायत''' -- consideration, concession -- ಪಿರಿಶೀಲನೆ, ಆಲೋಚನೆ '''रियासत''' -- a state -- ರಾಜ್ಯ '''रिरियाना''' -- to be slaver -- ಗುಲಾಮನಾಯಿತ್ '''रिवाज''' -- custom, vogue, tradition -- ನಡಪು '''रिवायत''' -- tradition, custom, vogue -- ಪದ್ಧತಿ '''रिवालवर''' -- a revolver -- ಪಿಸ್ತೂಲ್ '''रिश्ता''' -- relation, affinity -- ಸಂಮ್ಮಂಧ, ಜೊತೆಕೂಟುವ '''रिश्तेदार''' -- a relative -- ಸಮ್ಮಂಧಕಾರ '''रिश्वत''' -- a bribe, illegal gratification, corruption -- ಲಂಚ, ಕಾನೂನ್‌ಕ್ ಒಳಪಡತದ್ '''रिश्वतखोर''' -- a bribe -- ಲಂಚ '''रिस''' -- anger, wrath -- ಚೆಡಿ '''रिसना''' -- to leak -- ತೋರೊ '''रिसाना''' -- to get angry -- ಚೆಡಿ ಮಾಡೋ '''रिसाला''' -- cavalry -- ಪಟಾಳತ್ತ್‌ರ ಒರ್‌ಭಾಗ '''रिस्टवाच''' -- wrist watch -- ಮಣಿಕಟ್ಟರ ಗಡಿಯಾರ '''रिहर्सल''' -- rehearsal -- ಪೂರ್ವಭಾವಿ ತಯಾರಿ '''रिहा''' -- released -- ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆನದ್ '''रिहाइश''' -- lodging -- ಒಳಿಯೋ ಜಾಗ '''री''' -- a non honorific vocative particle -- - ಕಾಕುವ ಕ್ರಮ '''रींघना''' -- to cook, to boil -- ಬೇವಚಿಡೊ, ಕೊದ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡೋ '''रीछ''' -- a bear -- ಕರಡಿ, ಸಹಿಸಿಯವ '''रीझना''' -- to be fascinated -- ಕುತೂಹಲತ್‌ನ ಏರ ಮಾಡೋ '''रीठा''' -- soap nut -- ಅಂಟೋಳ ಕಾಯಿ, ಪುಳ್ಂಗಡ್ '''रीडर''' -- a reader -- ಓದುವಂವೋ (ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ರ ಉಪನ್ಯಾಸಕ) '''रीढ़''' -- backbone -- ಬೆನ್ನ್‌ರ ಮೂಳೆ '''रीतना''' -- to become empty -- ಖಾಲಿ ಅಪೋ '''रीता''' -- empty, vacant, idle -- ಖಾಲಿ, ಖಾಲಿ ಮಾಡೋ '''रीति''' -- method, manner, system -- ರೀತಿ, ಕ್ರಮ ಪೋಲೆ '''रीम''' -- ream -- ಕಾಗದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ '''रील''' -- a reel -- ಸುರ್‌ಳಿ '''रुआँ''' -- wool -- ಉಲ್ಲನ್ '''रुई''' -- cotton -- ಪರ್ತಿ '''रुक़का''' -- a chit, slip, note -- ಕಾಗದ, ಚೀಟಿ '''रुकना''' -- to stop, to halt, to stay -- ನಿಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡೊ, ತಡಪ '''रुकावट''' -- hurdle, obstruction, problem -- ತೊಂದರೆ, ತಡೆ '''रुक्ष''' -- arid, hard, harsh -- ಗಟ್ಟಿ, ಒರಟ್, ಒಣಂಗ್?ನದ್ '''रुख़''' -- attitude, direction -- ಮನೋಭಾವ, ಸಲಹೆ, ಆಜ್ಞೆ '''रुखसत''' -- permission -- ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ '''रुखसती''' -- farewell -- ಐಚ್ಚಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೋ '''रुखसार''' -- cheek -- ದುಂಡ್, ದವಡೆ '''रुखाई''' -- curtness, harshness, bluntness -- ಒರಟಾಯಿತ್, ಮೊಂಡತನ '''रुखानी''' -- a chisel -- ಮೊನೆ ಆಯಿತುಳ್ಳ ಮುರಿಪಂತ ಹತ್ಯಾರು, ಉಳಿ '''रुग्ण''' -- ill, sick, unwell -- ಖಾಯ್ಲ, ಸೌಖ್ಯ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''रुँघना''' -- to be choked -- ಉಸ್‌ರ್ ಕಟ್ಟೊ '''रुचना''' -- to be agreeable -- ಒತ್ತವಂತದ್ '''रुचि''' -- interest, taste, relish -- ರಸ, ಚೋದ್ '''रुचिर''' -- winsome, pleasing -- ಸಂತೋಸಪಡ್ತೋ '''रुझान''' -- inclination -- ಮನಸ್, ಇಷ್ಟ '''रुताबा''' -- status, rank, level -- ಬಲ್ಯತರ, ಮಟ್ಟಕ್, ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ '''रुदंती''' -- medicinal plant -- ಮದ್ದ್ ಗಿಡ '''रुदन''' -- weeping, crying -- ಮೊರ್‌ಡೋ '''रुद्ध''' -- hindered, regret -- ಪಶ್ಚಾತ್ತಾಪ, ತಡೆಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''रुद्र''' -- lord Shiv -- ಈಶ್ವರ '''रुधिर''' -- blood -- ಚೋರೆ '''रुधिर न्यूनता''' -- anaemia -- ಚೋರೇ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''रुधिर विकार''' -- impurity of blood -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್?ಪೋನ ಚೋರೆ '''रुधिर विज्ञान''' -- haematology -- ಚೋರೆ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''रुधिर वैज्ञानिक''' -- haematologist -- ಚೋರೆ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿ '''रुधिराकत्त''' -- blood stained -- ಚೋರೆರ ಕರೆ '''रुनझुन''' -- tinkling -- ಗಂಟೆ ಪೊಯ್ಯೋಕ ಬಪ್ಪಂತ ಸದ್ದ್ '''रुपया''' -- a rupee -- ಉರ್?ಪಿಯ '''रुपया बनाना''' -- to make money -- ದುಡ್ಡ್ ಮಾಡೋ '''रुपयावाला''' -- rich fellow, wealthy person, valuable person -- ಪಣಕಾರ '''रुपहला''' -- silvery -- ಬೊಳ್ಳಿರನ್ನತ '''रुबाई''' -- a quatrain -- ಚೌಪದಿ, ನಾಲ್?ಗೆರೆರ ಪದ್ಯ '''रुलाई''' -- a feeling like crying -- ಮೊರ್‌ಡೋನಕೆ ಕಳಿಪೊ '''रुलाना''' -- to cause to weep -- ಮೊರಡ್?ಚಿರುವ '''रुष्ट''' -- dispeased, angry, displeasure -- ಕುಸಿ ಆಕತದ್, ಚೆಡಿ '''रुसदा''' -- infamous, disgraced, thankless -- ಕೆಟ್ಟಪೆದ, ಮಾನಂಗೆಟ್ಟ '''रुहेला''' -- subclan of Pathans -- ಪಠಾಣಂಗಡ ವಂಶ '''रू''' -- face, countenance, frontage -- ಮೂಡ್ '''रू-पोश''' -- veiled, an absconder -- (ತಪ್ಪ್ ಚಟ್ಟೋ) ಮುಸ್?ಕ್?ಟ್ಟಂಡ್, ತಪ್ಪ್ ಚಿಟ್ಟವಂವ '''रू-बरू''' -- face to face -- ಮೂಡ್‌ಕ್ ಮೂಡ್ ಮಾಡೋ, ಎದಿಕೆದಿಕೆ '''रूँक''' -- to give extra quantity as a matter of grace along with the purchase -- ಎಡ್?ತ ಸಾಮಾನಕಿಂಜು ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಕುಸಿಲ್ ಕೊಡ್?ಪ '''रूखा''' -- dry, rough, harsh -- ಒಣಕ್, ಒರ್‌ಟ್ '''रूखापन''' -- dryness -- ಒಣ್‌ಗಿತ್ತಿಪ್ಪೋ, ಒಣಂಗ್?ನ '''रूखासूखा''' -- plain and simle -- ಒಣಕ್ ಒಣಕ್ '''रूखीहँसी''' -- a superficial laugh -- ಒಣತೆಳಿ '''रूठना''' -- to sulk, to be displeased -- ಚೆಡಿಂಜವ '''रूंड''' -- a torso -- ಪ್ರತಿಮೆರಕಾಲ್ ಕೈಮಂಡೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ ಮುಂಡ '''रूढ़''' -- established, current, popular -- ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಾಡ್?ನದ್, ಇಕ್ಕತ್ತ್‌ರ '''रूढ़ाचार''' -- convention, custom -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಸಭೆ, ಪದ್ಧತಿ '''रूढ़ार्थ''' -- acceptance, consideration, approval -- ಒತ್ತವ '''रूढ़ि''' -- convention, system, method -- ಕ್ರಮ ಪೋಲೆ, ರೀತಿ '''रूढ़िगत''' -- conventional, usual, habitual -- ನಡಪ್ ಪೋಲೆ '''रूढ़िग्रस्त''' -- convention bound, assembly, conference -- ಸಭೆ '''रूढ़िबद्ध''' -- conservation, cautiously-moderate -- ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಾಡೊ '''रूँधना''' -- to obstruct, to block, to surround -- ತಡ್‌ಪೊ ಸುತ್ತು ಕೂಡಿಯೋ '''रूप''' -- form, shape, appearance, beauty -- ಅಕಾರ, ಚಾಯಿ '''रूपक''' -- a metaphor -- ರೂಪಕ '''रूपकार''' -- makeup, facial cosmetics, application of cosmetics -- ಮೂಡ್‌ರ ಲೇಪನ, ಮೂಡ್?ಕ್ ಮೆತ್ತುವ '''रूपगत''' -- formal, conformist, official -- ಕಛೇರಿರ, ಕ್ರಮಬದ್ದ '''रूपतत्व''' -- formal element, conventional, punctilious -- ಕ್ರಮ ಪೋಲೆಉಳ್ಳ ಮೂಲವಸ್ತು '''रूपमय''' -- beautiful, seemly, attractive -- ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''रूपरेख''' -- an outline, sketch, a rough design -- ನಕ್ಷೆ, ಒರಟ್ ಚಿತ್ರ '''रूपरेखा''' -- a feature, characteristic -- ಲಕ್ಷಣ '''रूपवंत''' -- beautiful, handsome, good looking -- ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಚಾಯಿಕಾರ '''रूपवादिता''' -- formatism -- ಆಕಾರ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೋ '''रूपवान''' -- handsome, goodlooking -- ಚಾಯಿಕಾರ, ನೋಟೋಕ್ ಚಾಯಿಕಾಂಬದ್ '''रूपविज्ञान''' -- morphology -- ಸಸ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಯಡ ಸ್ವರೂಪಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''रूपसी''' -- a beautiful damsel, a beauty -- ಬೋಜಕಾರ್ತಿ, ಚಾಯಿಕಾರ್ತಿ '''रूपा''' -- silver -- ಬೊಳ್ಳಿ '''रूपाजीवा''' -- a prostitute, call girl, strumpet -- ಪುಲಿಯಾಡ್‌ಚಿ, ಚೂಳೆ '''रूपात्मक''' -- formal -- ಕ್ರಮ ಪೋಲೆ '''रूपादर्श''' -- a type, model, specimen -- ಉದಾಹರಣೆ, ಮಾದರಿ '''रूपायन''' -- formation, act -- ಜೋಡ್?ಚಿರುವ, ಕಾಯ್ದೆ '''रूमानी''' -- romantic, fantastic, imaginative -- ಕೊಣಿರ, ಕಲ್ಪನೆಮಾಡುವಂತ '''रूमाल''' -- handkerchief -- ಕೈವಸ್ತ್ರ '''रूमाली''' -- a triangular privy cover -- ಮೂಂದ್ ಮಡ್‌ಕ್‌ರ ತುಣಿ '''रूलना''' -- to draw lines -- ಗೆರೆ ಬಲಿಪೊ '''रूसना''' -- to get displeased, angry, to sulk -- ಖುಸಿ ಅಕತದ್, ಚೆಡಿ '''रूसी''' -- Russian -- ರಷ್ಯಕಾರ '''रूह''' -- soul, sprit, essence -- ಅತ್ಮ '''रूहानी''' -- spiritual, religious intellect, religious nature -- ಧರ್ಮಕ್ '''रे''' -- a vocative particle used out of indifference, contempt or disrespect -- ಗೌರವ ಕಾಟತದ್, ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ ಕೊಡ್?ಕತೆ ಪರಿವದ್ '''रेंकना''' -- to bray, to sing, shout hoarsely -- ಪಾಡೋ, ಕೂತ್‌ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೋ '''रेख''' -- a line, mark, just grown whiskers in early youth -- ಗೆರೆ, ಗುರ್‌ತ್ ಮಾಡೋ '''रेखनी''' -- a ruler -- ಆಡಳಿತ ನಡತುವಂವ, ರಾಜ '''रेखा''' -- a line -- ಗೆರೆ '''रेखांकन''' -- lining, lineation -- ಗೆರೆ ಬಲಿಪೊ '''रेखागणित''' -- geometry -- ರೇಖಾ ಲೆಕ್ಕ, ರೇಖಾಂಶ '''रेखालेख''' -- a diagram -- ಚಿತ್ರ '''रेखांश''' -- terrestrial longtitude -- ರೇಖಾಂಶ '''रेखित''' -- lined -- ಗೆರೆ ಬಲ್ಚದ್ '''रेखीय''' -- linear -- ಗೆರೆಕ್ ಸಂಮ್ಮಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''रेंगटा''' -- young one of an ass -- ಕತ್ತೆ ಕುಟ್ಟಿ '''रेंगना''' -- to creep, crawl, dawdle -- ಪರಂದಂಡ್ ಪೋಪ '''रेगमाल''' -- sand paper -- ಉಪ್ಪು ಕಾಗದ '''रेगिस्तान''' -- desert, barren, abandoned -- ಮಣ ಭೂಮಿ '''रेचक''' -- purgative -- ತೂರಾಟತ್ರ ಮದ್ದ್ '''रेजगारी''' -- change -- ಬದಲ್ '''रेजगी''' -- change of money -- ಪಣ ಬದಲ್ '''रेजर''' -- a razor, to shave -- ಚೌರ ಕತ್ತಿ (ಬ್ಲೇಡ್) '''रेजा''' -- a fragment, bit, scrap -- ಚೂರ್ ಚೂರ್ '''रेजिमेंट''' -- a regiment -- ರೆಜಿಮೆಂಟ್ '''रेट''' -- rate -- ಕ್ರಯ '''रेडार''' -- a radar -- ರಾಡಾರ್ '''रेडियम''' -- radium -- ರೇಡಿಯಂ '''रेडियो''' -- radio -- ರೇಡಿಯೊ '''रेंड़ी''' -- castor seed -- ಆಣಕೆ ಕುರು '''रेंड़ीकातेल''' -- castor oil -- ಅವಣಕಣ್ಣೆ '''रेढ़''' -- ruination, destruction, annihilation -- ಪಾಳಾಕೊ, ನಾಶ '''रेणु''' -- dust -- ದೂಳ್ '''रेणुका''' -- a small particle -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಚೂರ್ '''रेत''' -- sand -- ಮಣ '''रेतन''' -- filings -- ಫೈಲ್?ಲ್ ಅಡಕಿ ಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''रेतना''' -- to file -- ಕಾಗದ ಬೆಪ್ಪಂತ ಕವರ್ '''रेता''' -- sand -- ಮಣ '''रेताई''' -- work -- ಪಣಿ '''रेती''' -- a file, sand -- ಫೈಲ್, ಮಣ '''रेतीला''' -- sandy -- ಮಣದುಂಬ್?ನ '''रेफ''' -- the letter र or its allograph, as in -- - '''रेफ़री''' -- reference, a mention, allusion -- ನೋಟಿತ್ ಮಾಡವೋ ಕಾಟನದ್ '''रेल''' -- railway -- ರೈಲ್ವೇ '''रेल की पटरी''' -- railway track -- ರೈಲ್ ಕಂಬಿ '''रेलगाड़ी''' -- a railway train -- ರೈಲ್ '''रेलबिल्टी''' -- railway receipt -- ರೈಲ್?ರ ರಸೀದಿ '''रेला''' -- a rush, push, hurry -- ತಳ್ಳ್, ಉಂದ್, ಅವಸರ '''रेलिंग''' -- railing -- ಬೇಲಿ, ಕಟಕಟೆ '''रेल्ना''' -- to rush, to thrust, hurry -- ನುಗ್ಗುವ, ನೂಕುವ, ಬೆರಿಯ '''रेल्वेपुल''' -- railway bridge -- ರೈಲ್ ಸೇತುವೆ '''रेल्वेमंत्री''' -- railway minister -- ರೈಲ್ವೆ ಮಂತ್ರಿ '''रेवड़''' -- a flock -- ಗುಂಪು '''रेवड़ा''' -- large-sized -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಅಕಾರತ್ '''रेवड़ी''' -- a kind of crisp sweet meat -- ಕರಂ ಕುರಂ ಮೊದರ ತಿಂಡಿ '''रेशम''' -- silk -- ರೇಶಿಮೆ '''रेशमी''' -- silken, silk -- ರೇಶಿಮೆರ '''रेशा''' -- a fibre -- ನಾರ್ '''रेस्टोरेंट''' -- restaurent -- ಹೋಟೆಲ್, ಉಂಬ ಜಾಗ '''रेह''' -- saline or brackish soil -- ಉಪ್ಪುಪ್ಪ್ '''रेहन''' -- mortagage -- ಅಡುಬೆಪ್ಪೊ '''रैकेट''' -- racket -- ರ್‍ಯಾಕೆಟ್, ಟೆನ್ನಿಸ್ ಕಳಿರ ಬ್ಯಾಟ್ '''रैड़ी''' -- handcart -- ಕೈಗಾಡಿ '''रैन''' -- the night -- ಬೈಟ್ '''रैयत''' -- subject -- ವಿಸಯ '''रैयाराव''' -- a fuedal lord -- ಪ್ರದೇಶತ್?ರ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ, ಜಮೀನ್ದಾರ '''रोआँ''' -- hair -- ತಲ್ಮಿ '''रोएँदार''' -- hairy, wooly -- ತಲ್ಮಿ ತಲ್ಮಿ, ರೋಮ ರೋಮ '''रोक''' -- a ban, restriction, forbidden -- ಬಹಿಷ್ಕಾರ, ತಡೆ '''रोकटोक''' -- restriction, obstruction, prevention -- ತಡ್‌ಪ '''रोक़ड़''' -- cash, ready -- ನಗದು ಪಣ, ತಯಾರ್ '''रोकड़जमा''' -- opening balance -- ಅದ್ಯತ್ ಇಂಜ ಪಣ '''रोकड़बही''' -- a cash book -- ಜಮಾ ಖರ್ಚಿರ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''रोकड़ब़ाकी''' -- cash balance in the hand -- ಬಾಕಿ ಉಳ್ಳ ಪಣ '''रोकड़ा''' -- cash -- ನಗದ್ ಪಣ '''रोकड़िया''' -- a cashier -- ನಗದ್ ಗುಮಾಸ್ತ '''रोकथाम''' -- prevention, check, rule -- ತಡ್‌ಪೋ '''रोकना''' -- to stop, prohibited, forbidden -- ನಿಷೇದ, ತಡೆಗಟ್ಟ್?ನದ್ '''रोग''' -- a disease, illness, unhealthy -- ಖಾಯ್ಲ, ರೋಗ '''रोगकारक''' -- disease-carrier -- ಖಾಯ್ಲ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ರೋಗ ಕೊಂಡ ಬಪ್ಪದ್ '''रोगग्रस्त''' -- ailing, sickly, unwell -- ಸೌಖ್ಯ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಕಾಯಿಲಕಾರ, ರೋಗಿ '''रोंगटा''' -- small and soft hairs on the body -- ತಡಿರ ಮೀದ ರೋಮ '''रोग़न''' -- paint -- ರಂಗ್ '''रोगनिदान''' -- diagnosis, treatment -- ಅರೈಕೆ, ಕಾಯಿಲ ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪ '''रोगनिरोधी''' -- prophylactic -- ಖಾಯ್ಲತ್‌ನ ಪೋಪಚಿಡೋದ್ '''रोगभ्रम''' -- hypochondria -- ರೋಗ ವ್ಯಸನಿ '''रोगमुकित''' -- cure, remedy, antidote -- ಪರಿಹಾರ, ವಾಸಿಯಾಪ '''रोगात्र्त''' -- diseased, sick, illness -- ಖಾಯ್ಲ, ಕಾಯಿಲಗಾರ '''रोगिल''' -- diseased, ailing, patient -- ಖಾಯ್ಲಕಾರ '''रोगी''' -- a patient, unhealthy person -- ಖಾಯ್ಲಕಾರ '''रोचक''' -- interesting -- ಕುಸಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''रोज''' -- day -- ದಿವಸ '''रोज ब रोज''' -- everyday -- ಪ್ರತಿ ದಿವಸ, ಎಕ್ಕಲೂ '''रोजगार''' -- a business, trade, dealing -- ವ್ಯವಹಾರ '''रोजनदार''' -- daily wage labour -- ದಿವಸ ಕೂಲಿ, ದಿನಗೂಲಿಕಾರ '''रोजनामा''' -- daily paper -- ದಿನಪತ್ರಿಕೆ '''रोजा''' -- a fast, speedy, quick -- ಪಟ್ಟಣಿ, ರಭಸ, ಚುರ್‌ಕ್ '''रोजाना''' -- daily, everyday, regular -- ಎಕ್ಕಲೂ '''रोजामचा''' -- a dairy -- ಪಾಲ್ ಮಾರೋ ಜಾಗ '''रोजी''' -- livelihood -- ಬಾವೋ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''रोजीना''' -- daily, everyday -- ಎಕ್ಕಲೂ, ಪ್ರತೀ ದಿವಸ '''रोजीरोटी''' -- livelyhood -- ಬಾಎ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಜೀವನೋಪಾಯ '''रोट''' -- a large and thick bread -- ಪೈಲ್ ಬ್ರೆಡ್ಡ್, ಗೋದ್ರೊಟ್ಟಿ '''रोटी''' -- bread -- ಬ್ರೆಡ್ಡ್, ಗೋದ್ರೊಟ್ಟಿ '''रोटी कमाना''' -- to earn one's livelihood -- ಬಾವೋಕ್‌ವುಳ್ಳ ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿ '''रोडवेज''' -- roadways -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಮಾರ್ಗ '''रोड़ा''' -- pebbles -- ಉರ್‌ಟ್ ಕಲ್ಲ್ '''रोड़ी''' -- rubble -- ನಾಸಾ ಆನದ್ '''रोदन''' -- weeping, crying, grief -- ಮೊರ್‌ಡೊ '''रोध''' -- a bar -- ತಡೆ '''रोना''' -- to weep, to cry, to bewail -- ಏರ ಪಶ್ಚಾತ್ತಾಪ '''रोप''' -- seedling -- ಮೊಳಕೆ '''रोपण''' -- ®úÉä{xÉä ÊGòªÉÉ, JÉäiÉÒ MÉxÉæ EòÉ¨É -- ಬೇಲ್‌ಪಣಿ '''रोपना''' -- to plant -- ಗ್‌ಡ ನಡ್‌ಪೊ '''रोपनी''' -- transplantation of a seedling -- ಕುರುನಾಟಿ '''रोपित''' -- transplanted, planted, implanted -- ನಾಟಿ '''रोब''' -- over bearing influence, sway -- ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ ಅನ್‌ಕೊ '''रोबीला''' -- commanding -- ಅಧಿಕಾರ ಚಲಾಯಿಚಿಪೋ '''रोम''' -- hair -- ತಲ್ಮಿ '''रोमंथ''' -- rumination -- ಅಳತ್ ಬೇರ್‌ಚಿಟತ್ ಒತ್ತೊ '''रोमांच''' -- horrification, thrill, titillation -- ಕುಸೀಲ್ ಪಾರಿಕಳಿಪೊ '''रोमांचित''' -- thrilled, horripilate, quivering -- ತಡೀಲ್ ಕುಳ್‌ರ್ ಕಜ್ಜಿ '''रोमांतिका''' -- measle -- ಅಂಗಾರೆ ಕಜ್ಜಿ, ದಡಾರ '''रोमानी''' -- romantic, fancy, imaginary -- ಕಲ್ಪನೆಮಾಡೊ '''रोमाली''' -- a line of hair in the body -- ತಡಿಲ್ ತಲ್ಮಿರ ಗೆರೆ '''रोर''' -- noise, uproar, tumult -- ಸದ್ದ್ '''रोरी''' -- turmeric powder -- ಮಂದ ಪೊಡಿ '''रोलर''' -- a roller -- ಸುತ್ತಿತ್ತಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''रोवनहार''' -- a mourner, painful man, sin -- ನೊಂಬಲ ತಿಂಬೊ, ಪಾಪಿ '''रोशन''' -- lighted, lit -- ಬೊಳಿ '''रोशनाई''' -- ink -- ಮಸಿ '''रोशनी''' -- light -- ಬೊಳಿ '''रोष''' -- anger, bile, spleen -- ಚೆಡಿ '''रोहण''' -- climbing, ascending -- ಪತ್ರೋ '''रोहू''' -- a kind large fish -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಮೀನ್ '''रोहे''' -- trachoma -- - '''रौ''' -- motion, flow, move -- ಪರಿಪೋ ಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಪೋಪೋ '''रौख''' -- the name of the worst of hells according to Hindu mythology -- ನರಕ '''रौंज़ा''' -- a tomb, burial chamber -- ಗೋರಿ '''रौंद''' -- trampling -- ಜೋರಾಯಿತ್ ಕಾಲ್‌ಲ್ ಅಮ್ಕೋ '''रौंद पर जाना''' -- to go on a round -- ಸುತ್ತೋಕ್ ಪೋಪೋ '''रौंदना''' -- to trample, to act in a harsh manner -- ಖನತ್ತ್ ಚವುಟೋ '''रौद्र''' -- terrible, fearful, frightful -- ಭಯಂಕರ, ಪೋಡಿಅಪಂತದ್ '''रौनक''' -- gaiety, mirth, glee -- ದುಂಬಾ ಕುಸಿ '''रौपय''' -- silvery, made of silver -- ಬೊಳ್ಳಿ, ಬೊಳ್ಳಿಂಜ ಮಾಡನದ್ '''रौला''' -- noise, clamour, shouting -- ಸದ್ದ್ '''र्इंट''' -- brick -- ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆ '''र्इंधन''' -- fuel, firewood -- ಪುಳ್ಳಿ '''ल''' -- traditionally, the third of the semi vowel series ल of the Devanagari -- ಲ '''लंक''' -- the waist, loins, rear part of the human body -- - ನಡು, ಅರೆ '''लकड़फोड़ा''' -- woodpecker -- ಮರಕೊಟ್ಟ '''लकड़बग्धा''' -- a hyena -- ತೋಳ '''लकड़हारा''' -- a wood cutter -- ಮರ ಕೆತ್ತುವಂವ '''लकड़ाना''' -- to become wooden -- ಮರತರನ್ನೆಕೆ ಆಪೊ '''लकड़ी''' -- wood -- ಮರ, ಪುಳ್ಳಿ '''लक़दक़''' -- shining, brilliant -- ಮಿನ್ನೋ '''लक़ब''' -- a title, designation -- ಪೆದ '''लक़वा''' -- paralysis, inactivity, inability -- ಲಕ್ವ '''लंका''' -- island -- ದ್ವೀಪ, ಲಂಕಾ ದ್ವೀಪ '''लंकिनी''' -- a witch -- ತಂತ್ರ ಮಾಡೋವ, ಮಾಟಗಾರ್ತಿ '''लकीर''' -- a line, trail, streak -- ಗೆರೆ '''लकुटी''' -- a small stick -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಕೋಲ್ '''लंकेश''' -- one who rule Lanka -- ಲಂಕೇಶ, ರಾವಣ '''लक्कड़''' -- a log, wood, forest -- ಮರತುಂಡ್, ಕಾಡ್ '''लक्का कबूतर''' -- a fan tailed species of pigeon -- ಉದ್ದ ತೊಪ್ಪ್‌ಟತ್‌ರ ಪಾರಿವಾಳ '''लक्रज''' -- a word, message, catchword -- ಸಂದೇಶ '''लक्ष''' -- a lac, the number one thousand, a mark, target -- ಲಕ್ಷ, ಗುರಿ '''लक्षण''' -- a symptom, indication, trait -- ಲಕ್ಷಣ ಕಾಟ್‌ವೋ '''लक्षणविज्ञान''' -- semiology -- ಲಕ್ಷಣ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ '''लक्षणा''' -- in direct, incidental, unintentional -- ನೇರೆ, ಅಕಸ್ಮಾತ್ '''लक्षणात्मक''' -- symptomatic -- ರೋಗ ಲಕ್ಷಣ '''लक्षयार्थ''' -- indicated -- ಗೊತ್ತ್ ಮಾಡೋ, ಕಾಟಿಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್ '''लक्षित''' -- implied, hinted, indicated -- ಗೊತ್ತ್ ಮಾಡೋ '''लक्ष्मी''' -- the goddess of wealth -- ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ '''लक्ष्य''' -- the aim, object, target -- ಗುರಿ '''लख़ लखा''' -- strongly scented medicine -- ಏರ ಗಮನ ಮದ್ದ್ '''लंग''' -- lameness, limp -- ಕಾಲ್ ಬರತದ್, ಚೊಟ್ಟುವ '''लंगड़''' -- limb, branch -- ಕೈಕಾಲ್, ಕೊಂಬೆ '''लँगड़ाना''' -- to limp -- ಕುಂಟ, ಚೊಟ್ಟುವ '''लगन''' -- devotion, dedication, worship -- ಬೋಡಿಯೊ, ಭಕ್ತಿ '''लगना''' -- to seem, to appear, to be engaged -- ಕಾಂಬೋ, ತೋಂದುವ '''लगभग''' -- approximately, nearly, closely -- ಅಂದಾಜ್, ಹೆಚ್ಚ್‌ಕಮ್ಮಿ '''लंगरउठाना''' -- to set sail -- ನೀರ್‌ಲ್ ಪೋಪ, ಸಮುದ್ರ ಪ್ರಯಾಣ '''लंगरखाना''' -- a public kitchen -- ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ಅಡಗೆ ಮನೆ '''लगलग''' -- weak, lanky, gaunt -- ಲಾಚಾರ್ '''लगाऊ''' -- back, biting -- ಬಯ್ಯತ್‌ಲ್ ಪರಿವ '''लगान''' -- land revenue -- ಕಂದಾಯ '''लगाना''' -- to engage, to employ, to hire -- ಬಾಡಿಗೆಕ್ '''लगाम''' -- reins, bridle -- ಪುಡ್‌ತ, ಲಗಾಮ್, ಕಿಡ್ನಿ '''लगालगी''' -- involvement, demand, require -- ಕೂಡಿತ್ತಿಪ್ಪೊ '''लगाव''' -- attachement, connection, devotedness -- ಅಂಟಿಯವ, ಸಂಮ್ಮಂಧ '''लगी''' -- longing, ardent, fervid -- ಆಸೆ ಪಡೋ, ಇಚ್ಚೆಪಡುವ '''लंगूर, लँगूर''' -- kind of black-faced monkey with stiff long tail -- ಕರ್‍ತ ಮೂಡರ ಕೋಡ '''लंगोट फाड़ डालाना''' -- to give up wrestling -- ಕುಸ್ತಿ ಕಳಿಪಕ್ ತಯ್ಯಾರಾಪೋ, ಕುಸ್ತಿನ ಬುಡುವ '''लंगोटा''' -- a strip of cloth tucked round the waist to cover priviates -- ಕೋಮಣ '''लंगोटा दीला''' -- lustful, desirous -- ಅಸೆ, ದುರಾಸೆ '''लंगोटियार''' -- childhood friend -- ಬಾಲ್ಯ ಸಿನೇತ '''लंगोरी में मस्त''' -- happy and carefree in utmost adversity -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಲೂ ದುಂಬ ಕುಸಿಲಿಪ್ಪ '''लग्गा''' -- a thick long pole -- ಪೈಲಾನ ಉದ್ದಕಂಬ '''लग्गू''' -- who sticks to a man -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಗ್ ಅಂಟಿಯವ, ಮೆತ್ತಿಯವ '''लग्न''' -- an auspious movement for marriage occasion -- ಮೂಹೂರ್ತ, ಲಗ್ನ '''लग्नक''' -- a surety, guarantor, self assurance -- ಜಾಮೀನ್ '''लघड़''' -- a slap, blow of the palm, thump -- ದವಡೆಕ್ ಪೊಯ್ಯಿ '''लंघन''' -- going with out meals -- ಉಂಗತೆ ಪೋಪ '''लंघनीय''' -- transgressible -- ನಿಯಮ ಮೀರೋ '''लघिमा''' -- smallness -- ಚೆರಿಯ ತನ, ಕಮ್ಮಿತರ '''लघु''' -- ting, small -- ಚೆರಿಯದ್ '''लघुकरण''' -- reduction -- ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಾಡೊ '''लघुकोण''' -- acute angle -- ಲಘು ಕೋನ '''लघुगणक''' -- logarithm -- ಲಘು ಗಣಿತ '''लघुबाहर''' -- light refreshment -- ಚೆರಂಗನೆ ತಿಂಬೊ, ಉಪಹಾರ '''लंच''' -- lunch, afternoon meal -- ಮಜ್ಜಣ್ಣತ್ತ್‌ರ ಊಟ '''लचर''' -- untenable, weak -- ಲಾಚಾರ್ '''लच्छा''' -- hank, circular -- ಉರ್‌ಟ್ '''लजाना''' -- to blush, to feel shy -- ಞಾಣ, ಅಪೋ '''लजीज''' -- tasteful, tasty -- ರಸತ್‌ಲ್, ಚೋದಾನ '''लजीला''' -- shy -- ಞಾಣ '''लजौहाँ''' -- feeling some what shy -- ಞಾಣ ಆನನ್ನಕೆ '''लज्जत''' -- taste, relish -- ರಸತ್, ಚೋದ್ '''लज्जा''' -- shame, modesty -- ಞಾಣ ಕೇಡ್ '''लज्जावती''' -- woman -- ಪೊಂಗ '''लट''' -- a tress, lock of hair -- ಜಿಕ್ಕ್ '''लटक''' -- a bend, affected movement -- ಬಗ್ಗೋ '''लटकन''' -- a hanging pendant -- ತೂಂಗೋ ಪದಕ '''लटका''' -- a formula, tip, device -- ಸೂತ್ರ, ಉಪಾಯ '''लटकाना''' -- to hang, to over hang -- ತೂಕೋ '''लटकौआ''' -- hanging -- ತೂಕೋದ್, ತೂಂಗಿಯಂಡ್ '''लटपटाना''' -- to stumble -- ಮೊಟ್ಟ್ ಪಡುವ '''लटा''' -- lean and thin -- ಸಪೂರ, ಚೆಳ್ಂಙನೆ '''लटापोट''' -- bursting with laughter, becuithcheol -- ತೆಳಿಚಿತ್ ಮದಿ ಅಪೋ ಬುದ್ದ್ ಬುದ್ದ್ ತೆಳಿಪೋ '''लट्ठ''' -- a cudgel, long heavy staff -- ಖನವುಳ್ಳ ದೊಣ್ಣೆ '''लट्ठा''' -- a log, raft -- ಮರತುಂಡ್ '''लंठ''' -- stupid, idleman, dull -- ಮುಠಾಳ, ಸೋಮಾರಿ, ಮಂಕ್ '''लठैत''' -- skilled in wielding a cudgel or staff -- ತಂಡ್ ಬಳಕೆಲ್ ಪ್ರವೀಣತೆ ಪಡಂದಂವ, ದೊಣ್ಣೆಬೀಜುವಾಲ್‌ಗಟ್ಟಿಗತನ '''लंड''' -- penis -- ಪಕ್ಕಿ '''लड़की''' -- a girl, female child -- ಮೂಡಿ, ಮೂಡಿ ಕುಂಞಿ '''लड़खड़ाना''' -- to stagger, to falter -- ತೆರಿಪೋ '''लडडू''' -- Indian sweat meat -- ಲಾಡ್ '''लड़ना''' -- to quarrel, to fight, battle -- ಜಗಳ, ಪಡೆ '''लड़ाई''' -- fight, war, battle -- ಪೊಯ್ತ್ ಕಳಿ, ಪಡೆ '''लड़ाकू''' -- quarrelsome, pugnacious, warlike -- ಜಗಳ ಮಾಡೋನಕೆ, ಜಗಳಗಂಟ '''लड़ैत''' -- a fighter, a boxer, pugilist -- ಇಡ್‌ಚಿ ಕಳಿಪಂವ, ಮುಷ್ಟಿಕಾಳಗಕಾರ '''लड़ैता''' -- darling, beloved, favorite -- ಪ್ರೀತಿರ, ಕೊದಿರ '''लत''' -- addiction, surrender, enslaved to a habit -- ಒಂದಂಗೆ ಅಂಚಿಯೊ ಶರಣಾಪೊ (ಕಾಲ್ ಮೊಟ್ಟಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪೋ), ಕೆಟ್ಟಚಾಲ್‌ಕ್ ಬುದ್ದಂವ '''लतर''' -- a creeper -- ಬಳ್ಳಿ '''लतरा''' -- a kind of bean or vegetable -- ಚೆಟ್ಟ್‌ರನ್ನೆಕೆ, ಓರ್‌ತರತ್‌ರ ಚೆಟ್ಟ್ '''लंतरानी''' -- boasting, self praise -- ಹೊಗಳೋ '''लताड़''' -- scolding, reprove, consume -- ಬೈಗಳ '''लताड़ना''' -- to scold roundly, abuse, reprehend -- ಬಯ್ಯೋ, ಕೂತ್‌ಕೊಡ್‌ತಂಡ್ ಬೈಯ್ಯೊ '''लताफत''' -- delicacy, tenderness, sensitivity -- ಪೀಚೆ, ದುಂಬ ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮವಾನಂತದ್ '''लतिका''' -- vine -- ದ್ರಾಕ್ಷಿ ಬಳ್ಳಿ '''लतीफा''' -- an aneclote -- ಚೆರಿಯ ತಮಾಷಿ ಕತೆ, ತೆಳಿಪತಕ್ಕ್ '''लत्ता''' -- a rag, tatter, a separate torn-piece -- ತುಂಡಾನ, ಕೀತ್‌ನತುಣಿ, ದದ್ದ್‌ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''लथकलथकना''' -- to spring -- ಅಡಿಕೊಡಿಕ್ ತೂಂಗಿಕಳಿಪೋ, ಪಾರುವ '''लथपथ''' -- soaked, drenched, wet -- ಪೊದ್‌ರ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟ ದ್, ಪುಂಡೆ '''लथेड़ना''' -- to drag, linger, loiter -- ಉದ್ದ ಬಲಿಪೊ, ಕಾಲಕಯಿಪ, ತುಕ್ಕುವ '''लदाऊ''' -- for loading, burden, charge -- ದುಂಬ್‌ಚಿಡೊ '''लदाव''' -- loading -- ದುಂಬ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ '''लदुआ''' -- beast of burden, weight, impediment -- ಉಪದ್ರಕಾರ, ಖನ '''लद्धड़''' -- lethargic, epitome, ideal -- ಕೆಯ್ಯಂಗಳ್ಳ, ಸೋಮಾರಿ '''लप''' -- elasticity -- ಬಲ್ಚಕ ಬಪ್ಪದ್ '''लंप''' -- a lamp -- ಬೊಳಚ '''लपकना''' -- to catch, to rush, hasten -- ಪುಡಿಪೊ '''लपट''' -- a flame, blaze, reprove -- ಜ್ವಾಲೆ '''लंपट''' -- lewd, wanton -- ಕಾಮುಕ '''लपना''' -- to bent, bowed, flexed -- (ಬಗ್ಗೊ) ಬಗ್ಗುವ '''लपलपाना''' -- to bend repeatdly -- ಫನೋದಿ ಬಗ್‌ಚಿಡುವೋ, ಅಕ್ಕಕ್ಕ ಬಗ್ಗ್‌ಚಿಡೋ '''लपसी''' -- a glutinous substance -- (ವಸ್ತು) ಹಲುವ, ಅಂಟುವ ತಿಂಡಿ '''लपेटन''' -- folding, to bend over upon itself, to bring together -- ಮಡ್‌ಕೊ, ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟುವ '''लपेटना''' -- to rollup, to fold, clasp -- ಮಡ್‌ಕೊ, ಸುತ್ತುವ '''लपेटा''' -- fold, twist, enfold -- ಸುತ್ತುವ, ಮಡಕುವ '''लफंगा''' -- a loafer, lazy person, idler -- ಸೋಮಾರಿ ಮನುಷ್ಯ, ಪೋಕ್‌ರಿ '''लब''' -- lip, brim, rim -- ಕಿರಿ '''लंब''' -- a perpendicular -- ನೇರೆ , ನೇರೆ ನಿಪ್ಪಂತದ್ '''लबकाज''' -- verbose, prolix, turgid -- ಎಲ್ಲಂಗೆ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''लबदा''' -- a small heavy stick -- ಭಾಕವುಳ್ಳ ಚೆರಿಯ ಕೋಲ್ '''लंबरदार''' -- head man of village -- ಪಟೇಲ '''लंबलेट''' -- fallen falt -- ಉದ್ದಕ್ ಬುದ್ದೋ '''लंबा''' -- long, lengthy, tall -- ಉದ್ದ, ಉದ್ದತ್‌ರ '''लंबाई''' -- length, span, measure -- ಅಳತೆ, ಉದ್ದ '''लंबाईमान''' -- lengthened -- ಉದ್ದತ್ತ್‌ರದ್ '''लंबाचौड़ा''' -- spacious, huge, extensive -- ಅಗಲತೆ, ಬಲ್ಯದ್ '''लबाड़िया''' -- air, tattler, impression -- ಕಾತ್, ಹರಟೆ ಪರಿಯುವಂವ '''लबादा''' -- a cloak, gown, frock -- ಗೌನ್, ದೊಗ್ಗಳೆಕುಡ್‌ತ '''लबालब''' -- Brimful -- ತೊಂಡೆರ ಕೊತ್ತ್ ಕೆತ್ತನೆ, ದುಂಬ್‌ನ '''लंबित''' -- penduline -- ತೂಕಿತಿಪ್ಪತ್ '''लंबी''' -- long -- ಉದ್ದತ್‌ರ '''लंबू''' -- a hankey -- ಮೋಸ ಮಾಡೋ, ವಂಚನೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''लबेद''' -- custom, convention, habit -- ಪದ್ಧತಿ, ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ '''लंबोतरा''' -- longish -- ಉದ್ದತ್ತ್‌ರದ್ '''लंबोदर''' -- pot bellied -- ಕುಡಿಕೆ ಪೊಟ್ಟೆರ ದೊಳ್ಳ್‌ಪೊಟ್ಟೆರ '''लंबोष्ठ''' -- long lipped -- ಉದ್ದ ಕಿರಿರ '''लब्ध''' -- obtained, got, acquired, gain -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್, ನೇಡ್‌ನದ್ '''लब्धि''' -- acquisition, mental attributes, attainment -- ಪಡಂದವದ್ '''लभ्य''' -- available, accessible, usable -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''लय''' -- rhythm, identity in sound-of some part, verse -- ಲಯಬದ್ದತ್ '''लयकारी''' -- attunement -- ಲಯಬದ್ಧವಾಯಿತ್ '''लयात्मक''' -- rhythmic -- ಲಯತ್ '''लरज''' -- vibration, reciprocating, tremor -- ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪೊ '''लरजना''' -- to vibrate, shake, echo -- ಅಲ್ಲಾಡೊ, ಕುಲ್ಂಗುವ '''लरजिश''' -- vibration, oscillation, quiver -- ಅಲ್ಲಾಡೋ, ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪ '''ललक''' -- craving, desire, aspiration -- ಆಸೆ '''ललकना''' -- to crave, hunger for, yearn for -- ಬೋಡಿಯವ, ಕೇಟವ '''ललकार''' -- a challenge, impute, bid -- ಸವಾಲ್ '''ललचना''' -- to be tempted, a person or thing that tempts -- ಆಸೆ ಪತ್ತ್‌ಚಿಡೋ '''ललचाना''' -- to allure, entice, lure -- ಮರಳ್ ಮಾಡೋ (ತಾಂಗ್ ಚೋಪನಕೆ ಮಾಡೋ) '''ललचौहाँ''' -- wistful, musing, reflective -- ಆಸೆವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''ललना''' -- a woman, female, lady -- ಪೊಂಗ, ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್ '''ललाई''' -- redness -- ಚೋಂದಿತೆ '''ललाट''' -- forehead -- ನೆತ್ತಿ '''ललाम''' -- beautiful, attractive, lovely -- ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಕೊದ್‌ಚಂತದ್ '''ललित''' -- pretty, comely, pleasant -- ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''लल्ला''' -- an affectionate term for a child -- ಮಕ್ಕಳ ಕೊದಿಲ್ ಕಾಕುವಕ್ ಬಳಸೋ ಶಬ್ದ '''लल्लो''' -- hugger, adulation, flatter -- ದುಂಬಾ ಹೊಗಳೋ '''लव''' -- a very small division of time -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಸಮಯತ್, ಚೆನ್ನಂಗೇ ನೇರತ್ '''लवंग''' -- a clove -- ಲವಂಗ '''लवणित''' -- salted -- ಉಪ್ಪುಪ್ಪು '''लवणीय''' -- saline, salt water -- ಉಪ್ಪು ನೀರ್ '''लवणोदक''' -- saline water, salt water -- ಉಫ್ಪ ನೀರ್ '''लवन''' -- reaping, harvesting, to gather a crop -- ಕೊಯ್‌ಪಣಿ, ಕೊಯ್ಯುವ '''लवनी''' -- butter -- ಬೊಣ್ಣೆ ನೆಯ್ಯಿ '''लवनीय''' -- reap able, gather, earn -- ಕೂಟುವ, ಸಂಪಾದನೆ '''लवलेश''' -- a whit, very small quantity, bit -- ಏರ ಕಮ್ಮಿ, ಚೆನ್ನಂಗೆ '''लवा''' -- a kind of bird -- ಒರ್ ತರತ್‌ರ ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''लवाज''' -- accoutrement, accessories, the equipment -- ಸಾಮಾನ, ಯುದ್ದೋಪಕರಣ '''लशकर''' -- cantonment, a camp, military quarters -- ಪಡೆಕಾರ ಇಪ್ಪಂತ ಜಾಗ '''लसलसा''' -- glutinous, viscid, sticky -- ಅಂಟ್‌ವೋ, ಅಂಟಂಟ್ '''लसित''' -- adorned, beauty, bedeck -- ಚಾಯಿ, ಚಿಂಗಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''लसीका''' -- lymph -- ತಡಿರ ಚಲ '''लसीला''' -- glutinous -- ಅಂಟ್ ಅಂಟಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''लसोड़ा''' -- a fruit -- ಪಣ್ಣ್ '''लस्टम-पस्टम''' -- somehow or the other -- ಏನ್ನನೇಂಗಿ '''लस्त''' -- exhausted, prostrate, frustration -- ತಡಿಕ್ ಅಲೆ ಆಪೋ '''लस्तगा''' -- start, commencement, onset -- ಸುರು ಮಾಡೋ '''लस्सी''' -- curd and sugar mix -- ಮೋರ್ ಸಕ್ಕರೆ ಕೂಟ್‌ನದ್ '''लह लह''' -- verdant, lush, grassy -- ರಸ ದುಂಬ್‌ನ, ಪಚ್ಚೆಪಚ್ಚೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ತಾಜಾ ವಸ್ತು '''लहकना''' -- to rise up into flames -- ಎದ್ದ್‌ಕತ್ತುವ ತಿತ್ತ್‌ರ ಜ್ವಾಲೆ '''लहकाना''' -- to cause to get excited, to provoke, to stimulate -- ಕುತ್ತಿ ಬುಡೋ, ಅರಂಗೇತುವ '''लहँगा''' -- a long loose skirt worn round the loins flowing down to the ankles -- ಅರೆ ಲಂಗ '''लहजा''' -- tone, accent, degree of prominence -- ಸ್ವರ, ಉಚ್ಚಾರಣೆ '''लहना''' -- due amount -- ಬಾಕಿ ಮೊತ್ತ '''लहर''' -- a wave, ripple, wave -- ಅಲೆ, ತೆರೆ '''लहरी''' -- a ripple, small wave, undulate -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಅಲೆ, ತೆರೆ '''लहलहाना''' -- to flourish, grow, increase -- ಬೊಳಿಯುವ, ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ '''लहशना''' -- to undulate, wave, dimple -- ಓಲಾಡುವ '''लहसुनिया''' -- cat's eye -- ಪೂಞೆರ ಕಣ್ಣ್ '''लहीम''' -- flabby, determination, flacid -- ತ್ರ್ಮಾನ, ಪದಪದವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''लहुरा''' -- younger, junior -- ಎಳಿಯಯಿಂಗ '''लहू''' -- blood -- ಚೋರೆ '''लाइट''' -- light -- ಬೊಳಿ '''लाइन''' -- a line -- ಗೆರೆ '''लाइब्रोरियन''' -- a librarian -- ಗ್ರಂಥಪಾಲಕ '''लाइब्रोरी''' -- a library -- ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯ '''लाइलाज''' -- relentless, incurable, incorrigible -- ವಾಸಿ ಆಗತದ್, ದಯಇಲ್ಲತ '''लाइल्म''' -- illiterate, lack of education, uneducated -- ಎಳ್ತ್ ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''लाकिट''' -- a locket -- ಪದಕ '''लाक्षणिक''' -- metaphorical -- ಚಾಯಿ ಬೋಜತ್ತ್‌ರ '''लाक्षा''' -- lac -- ಲಕ್ಷ '''लाख''' -- lac -- ಲಕ್ಷ '''लाग''' -- hostility, raucous, bitterness -- ವೈರ, ಪಗೆ, ಶತ್ರುತ್ವ '''लाँग खुलना''' -- to become nervous -- ಬೊತ್ತಿಯವ '''लागत''' -- cost, charge, expense -- ಕ್ರಯ, ಖರ್ಚಿ '''लागतकुल''' -- total cost -- ಒಟ್ಟು ಕ್ರಯ, ಒಟ್ಟುಖರ್ಚಿ '''लागू''' -- applicable, enforce, enforceable -- ಅನ್ವಯ ಆಪ '''लाँघना''' -- to cross, bridge, petulant -- ದಾಟೋ, ಸೇತುವೆ '''लाघव''' -- skill, det, minuteness -- ಪಡ್‌ಚಿತ್ತ್ ತೇಂಜದ್, ಕೈಚಳಕ '''लाचार''' -- helpless, unable to help, dependent -- ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡೋಕ್ ಆಕತದ್ '''लाचारी''' -- reliable, solvent, liable -- ನಂಬುವಂತದ್, ಅಸಹಾಯಕತೆ, ಯೋಗ್ಯನಾನ '''लांछन''' -- stigma, blemish, tarnish -- ಕೆಟ್ಟಪೆದ '''लांछित''' -- stigmatised -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಪೆದ ಇಟ್ಟದ್ '''लाजवर्द''' -- an amethyst (stone), a gem -- ಬೆಲೆ ಉಳ್ಳಕಲ್ಲ್ (ಪರ), ನೀಲರತ್ನ '''लाजवाब''' -- unique, matchless, unblemished -- ಏರ ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಟವಾನದ್, ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗೂಮಿರ್‌ನದ್ '''लाजा''' -- puffed paddy -- ಪೊರಿಯಕ್ಕಿ '''लाजिमी''' -- essential, inherent, basic -- ಬೋಂಡಿಯಾನದ್, ಅವಶ್ಯವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''लाट''' -- a lord, governor -- ರಾಜ್ಯಪಾಲ '''लाटरी''' -- lottery, speculation -- ಲಾಟರಿ, ಊಹಾಪೋಹ '''लाठालाठी''' -- hitting one another with lathis -- ಕೋಲ್‌ಲ್ ಪೊಯ್ತ್‌ಕಳಿ '''लाठी''' -- a big, stick -- ಕೋಲ್, ದೊಣ್ಣೆ '''लाड़''' -- affection, friendship, liking -- ಪ್ರೀತಿರ, ಸಿನೇಚಾರ ಇಷ್ಟಪಡೋ '''लात''' -- kick, protest, grumble -- ಧಿಕ್ಕಾರ ಚೌಟ್, ವಿರೋಧಮಾಡ್ '''लातादाद''' -- innumerable, numberless, many -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಕೂಟೋ ಕೈಯ್ಯತದ್, ದುಂಬಾ '''लातीनी''' -- latin -- ಲಾಂದ್ರ, ಒರ್‌ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬೊಳ್‌ಚ '''लाद''' -- belly, the womb, the stomach with its adjuncts -- ಪೊಚ್ಚ್ ಕೆಲ '''लादिया''' -- a porter, attendant -- ಸಹಾಯಕ, ಕೂಟ್‌ಕಾರ '''लानत''' -- condemnation, strong censure, disapprobation -- ಕಡೆಗಾಣ್‌ಚಿಡುವೋ, ದಂಡನೆ, ಸಜ, ಧಿಕ್ಕಾರ '''लानती''' -- reproachable, censure, blame -- ದೂರೋ '''लाना''' -- to bring, to carry, to convey -- ಎಡ್ತಬಪ್ಪ '''लापता''' -- missing, lacking, absent -- ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಕಾಣತಾನದ್ '''लापरवाह''' -- careless, negligence, default -- ಬೇಕಾಬಿಟ್ಟಿ, ಎಚ್ಚರ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''लापरवाही''' -- in attention, failure, ignore -- ಗ್ಯಾನ ಕೊಡ್‌ಕತೆ, ಮನಸ್‌ಕೇ ಎಡ್‌ತವತೆ '''लापिका''' -- a riddle, puzzle, confound -- ಒಡಪ ಕತೆ '''लाभ''' -- profit, net income, advancement -- ಲಾಭಾ, ಅದಾಯ '''लाभालाभ''' -- profit and loss -- ಲಾಭ ಪಿಂಞ, ನಷ್ಟ '''लाभांश''' -- dividend, allotment, portion -- ಭಾಗ, ಲಾಭತ್‌ರಪಾಲ್ '''लाम''' -- war front -- ಪಡೆ ಮುಂದ್, ಪಡೆಕಳ '''लामकान''' -- homeless, without a shelter, lack of roof -- ಮನೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''लामजहब''' -- having no religion -- ಧರ್ಮ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''लामा''' -- a Buddhist monk -- ಲಾಮಾ, ಬೌದ್ಧ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ '''लामिसाल''' -- unparalleled, not similar, not comparable -- ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಆಕತದ್ '''लामुहाला''' -- being constrained -- ಒತ್ತಾಯಕ್ ಒಳಪಡುವೋ '''लायक''' -- able, capable, fit -- ತಾಕತುಳ್ಳ, ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾನ '''लारी''' -- lorry, truck, transport conveyance -- ಲಾರಿ '''लार्ड''' -- a lord, supreme -- ಭಗವಂತ, ದೇವಾ '''लाल''' -- red, ruddy, angry -- ಚೋಪ್, ಚೆಡಿ '''लालटेन''' -- a lantern -- ಲಾಂದ್ರ '''लालन''' -- caressing, pat, hug -- ತಬ್ಬಿಯವ '''लालसा''' -- craving, longing, aspiration -- ಬೋಡಿಯೋ '''लालायित''' -- eager, tempted, desirous -- ಅಸೆ ಪಡುವ, ಆತುರ ಪಡುವ '''लालित''' -- reared -- ಚಾಕ್‌ನ '''लालित्य''' -- charm, grace, grace fullness -- ಬೋಜ, ಚಾಯಿ '''लालिमा''' -- redness -- ಚೋಂದಿತೆ '''लावनी''' -- a kind of popular folk song -- ಲಾವಣಿ, ಜನಪದ ಪಾಟ್ '''लावल्द''' -- issueless -- ಗೊಡ್ಡಿ '''लावा''' -- lava -- ಲಾವಾರಸ '''लावारसी''' -- lava -- ಲಾವಾ ರಸತ್‌ರ '''लावारिस''' -- unclaimed, without demand, no requisition -- ಬೋಡಿಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''लाश''' -- dead body -- ಚಾವು, ಚತ್ತತಡಿ '''लासा''' -- glutinous, sticky, viscid -- ಪತ್ಯೋವಂತದ್ '''लासानी''' -- matches -- ಕೂಡಿಬಪ್ಪದ್, ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗೂ ಮೇಲಾನದ್ '''लास्य''' -- a kind of graceful female dance -- ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್‌ರ ಆಟ್ '''लाह''' -- lac, sealing lac -- ಅರ್‌ಕ್ '''लाहूत''' -- this world, universe, globe -- ಪ್ರಪಂಚ, ಈಲೋಕ '''लाहौल''' -- disgust, indignation, sicken -- ಬುಡಂಜಿ ಪೋಪೋ '''लिए''' -- for, with, a view to -- ಕೂಡ, ಆಂಗಾಯತ್, ಅದಂಗೋಸ್ಕರ. '''लिकखाड़''' -- a prolific writer -- ನಲ್ಲ ಎಳ್ತ್‌ಕಾರ '''लिखत''' -- writing, document, validate -- ಎಳ್ದೋ, ದಾಖಲೆ '''लिखना''' -- to write -- ಎಳ್‌ದುವ '''लिखनी''' -- the process -- ವಿಧ, ಕ್ರಮ '''लिखवाई''' -- remuneration for writing -- ಎಳ್ದ್‌ನಾಂಗ್, ಗೌರವ ಪಣ '''लिखापढ़ी''' -- written agreement -- ಎಳ್ದ್‌ನ, ಒಪ್ಪಂದ '''लिखावट''' -- hand, hand writing -- ಕೈ, ಕೈ ಎಳ್ತ್ '''लिखित''' -- written -- ಎಳ್ದ್‌ನದ್ '''लिखितव्य''' -- to be written -- ಎಳ್‌ದುವಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''लिंग''' -- gender -- ಲಿಂಗ '''लिंगेंद्रिय''' -- sexuality -- ಕಾಮುಕತೆ '''लिजलिजा''' -- lifeless, abominable, abhorrent -- ಜೀಂವ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''लिटर''' -- a litre -- ಲೀಟರ್ (ಅಳತೆ) '''लिटाना''' -- to make somebody lie down -- ಬುದ್ದವಕಾಕುವ '''लिट्ट''' -- a thick and large bread -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಪೈಲುಳ್ಳ ಬ್ರೆಡ್ '''लिट्टी''' -- a small sized -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಆಕಾರತ್‌ರ '''लिपटना''' -- to embrace, adopt, comprise -- ತಬ್ಬೊ, ದತ್ತು '''लिपा पुता''' -- clean and tidy -- ಮನಾರ, ಚಾಯಿ '''लिपि''' -- script, any system of writing, document -- ಲಿಪಿ '''लिपिक''' -- clerk -- ಗುಮಾಸ್ತ '''लिप्त''' -- engrossed -- - ಬಲ್ಯ ಅಕ್ಷರತ್‌ಲ್ ಎಳ್‌ದುವ, ಮೇಂಗಿ ಪೋಪ '''लिप्यांतरण''' -- transcription -- ಬದ್‌ಲಿಚಿಟ್ಟ್ ಎಳ್ದೋ '''लिप्सा''' -- lure, greed, avidity -- ದುರಾಸೆ '''लिप्सु''' -- greedy, cupidity, voracity -- ದುರಾಸೆರ '''लिफ़ाफ़ा''' -- envelope -- ಖಾಲಿ ಕವರ್ '''लिफ़ाफ़िया''' -- delicate, weak, careful -- ಎಚ್ಚರ, ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮತ್‌ರ '''लिबड़ना''' -- to be smeared -- ತೇಪೋ '''लिबास''' -- dress, frock, costume -- ಗೌನ್ '''लियाक़त''' -- ability, merit, value -- ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆ '''लिली''' -- lily -- ಪೂ '''लिस्ट''' -- list, catalog, roll -- ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''लिहाज''' -- consideration, patient, kind -- ತೀರ್ಮಾನ ಮಾಡೋ, ಕಾಯಿಲ ಕಾರ, ದಯ '''लिहाजा''' -- thus, therefore -- ಆನಗೊಂಡ್, ಅನ್ನನೆ '''लिहाफ़''' -- a quilt -- ತಳ್ಳನೆ ಕಡಿಕೆ '''लीक''' -- track, track way, stalk -- ನಡಪ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಪೋಪ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''लीख''' -- a tiny louse -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಕ್ರಿಮಿ, ಪೇನ್ '''लीग''' -- a league -- ಲೀಗ್, ಸಂಘ '''लीची''' -- a kind of fruit -- ಓರ್ ತರತ್‌ರ ಪಣ್ಣ್ '''लीडर''' -- a leader -- ನಾಯಕ, ಮುಖಂಡ '''लीडराना''' -- befitting a leader -- ಮುಖಂಡನಾಯ್ತು ಇಪ್ಪ, ನಾಯಕನಾಪ ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆ '''लीन''' -- absorbed, consume, destroy -- ಹೀರಿಯಂಡದ್, ಪಾಳಾಕೊ '''लीपना''' -- to plaster -- ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಇಡೋ '''लीलना''' -- to swallow, to gulp, engulf -- ಮುಗ್ಗುವ, ಎರಕುವ '''लीला''' -- sport, play, drama -- ಕಳಿ, ನಾಟಕ '''लीवर''' -- lever -- ಪೂ ಎರ್ಚಿ '''लुआठ''' -- burning wood -- ಪುಳ್ಳಿ '''लुआब''' -- slime, pith, brain of -- ಜೇಡಿ ಮಣ್ಣ್ '''लुकना''' -- to hide, screen, mask -- ಒಳಪ್‌ಚಿಡೊ, ಪರದೆ '''लुक़मा''' -- a morsel, mouthful, quantity -- ಬಾಯಿ ದುಂಬ '''लुक़मान''' -- famous Arabian physician -- ಅರಬ್ಬೀಯಾತ್ತ್‌ರ ವೈದ್ಯ '''लुकाछिपी''' -- hide and seek -- ಒಳಿ ಕಳಿ '''लुकाट''' -- a tree and its fruit -- ಮರ ಪಿಂಞ, ಆಂಡ ಪಣ್ಣ್ '''लुग़त''' -- a dictionary -- ನಿಘಂಟ್, ಅರ್ಥಕೋಶ, ಶಬ್ದ ಕೋಶ '''लुगदी''' -- pulp -- ತಿರ್ '''लुगरी''' -- old and tattered -- ಪಳೆಯ ಪಿಂಞ ಜಲ್ಲಾನದ್ '''लुगाई''' -- a woman, lady -- ಪೊಂಗ, ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''लुंगी''' -- sarong -- ಪಂಚೆ, ಮುಂಡ್ '''लुग्गा''' -- a cloth -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''लुचई''' -- soft and very thin -- ಪದ ಪಿಂಞ ದುಂಬ ತಳ್ಳನೆ '''लुंचन''' -- plucky, spirited, spunky -- ಧೈರ್ಯವುಳ್ಳ '''लुंचित''' -- plucked, tear, mettle -- ಕಣ್ಣೀರ್, ಧೈರ್ಯತ್‌ರ, ಕೊಜ್ಜಿಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''लुच्चा''' -- vile, a scoundrel, vicious -- ನಾಯಿರಂತವೋ, ಫಟಿಂಗ, ಲುಚ್ಚ '''लुंज''' -- crippled, maim, disable -- ಅಂಗುಊನ, ಕುಂಟ '''लुटना''' -- to be robbed, stolen, unlawful thing -- ಬಾಲೆಯಂಡ್ ಪೋನದ್, ಕಟ್ಟದ್ '''लुटिया''' -- a small utensil -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಪಾತ್ರಾ '''लुटेरा''' -- robber, thief, burglar -- ಕಳ್ಳ, ದರೋಡೆಕಾರ '''लुंड''' -- a torso, trunk of the human body -- ಕೈಕಾಲ್ ಮಂಡೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ ವಿಗ್ರಹ '''लुंडा''' -- a round ball of thread -- ನೂಲ್ ಉಂಡೆ '''लुढ़कना''' -- to roll down -- ಉರ್ಂಡುವ '''लुतरा''' -- back biter, disparage, slander -- ಪಿತಲಾಟಿ '''लुत्फ़''' -- fun, pleasure, enjoyment -- ತಮಾಸಿ, ಸಂತೋಸ '''लुनना''' -- to reap, a harvest -- ಕೊಯ್‌ಪಣಿ '''लुनाई''' -- prettiness, pleasant, beauty -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಕ್ ಚಾಯಿ, ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳದ್ '''लुप्त''' -- disappeared, fade, vanish from sight -- ಮಾಯಾ ಅಯಿರೊ, ರಂಗ್ ಪೋಪ '''लुप्तावशेष''' -- vestige, hint, suggestion -- ಸಲಹೆ, ಪಳಿಯಗುರ್‌ತ್, ಲಕ್ಷಣ '''लुप्ति''' -- elision, the omission of a vowel -- ಬೋಂಡೂಂದ್ ತಿರಸ್ಕಾರ ಮಾಡೋ, ಅಕ್ಷರ ಬುಡುವ '''लुब्ध''' -- charmed, privilege, good fortune -- ನಲ್ಲ ಅದೃಷ್ಟ, ಆಕರ್ಷಕ '''लुब्बे-लुबाव''' -- essence, substance, principle -- ಸತ್ವ, ಸಾರಾಂಶ '''लुभाना''' -- to lure, to charm, allurement -- ಅಕರ್ಷಣೆ, ಮರಳ್‌ಮಾಡ್ '''लुहार''' -- a blacksmith -- ಕೊಲ್ಲ '''लू''' -- warm air -- ಬಿಸಿಗಾಳಿ, ಬಿಸಿಕಾತ್ '''लूक''' -- a meteor -- ಅಕಾಶತಿಂಜ ಬೂವೋ ವಸ್ತು, ಕೊತ್ತಿಬೂವ '''लूका''' -- flash, flare, blaze -- ತಕ್ಷಣ, ಪ್ರಕಾಶಮಾನವಾಯಿತ್ ಕತ್ತೋ '''लूट''' -- under, booty, below -- ಕೀದಲ್ '''लूटना''' -- to plunder, rape, sack -- ಅತ್ಯಾಚಾರ, ಲೂಟಿ ಮಾಡುವ '''लूण''' -- salt, savor, flavor -- ಉಪ್ಪು, ಗಮನ '''लूता''' -- a spider -- ಜೇಡ, ಎಟ್ಟ್‌ಗಾಲ '''लूनना''' -- to reap a harvest -- ಬೊಳೆ ಕೊಯ್‌ಪಣಿ '''लूला''' -- handless, without a hand, clumsy -- ಕೈ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''लूलू''' -- idiot, fool, dolt -- ಮೂರ್ಖ, ಪೊಟ್ಟ '''लेकिन''' -- however, but, still -- ಎನ್ನನೆ, ಆಚೇಂಗಿಯೂ, ಎನ್ನನೇಂಗಿ '''लेक्चर''' -- lecture, address, talk -- ತಕ್ಕ್, ಉಪನ್ಯಾಸ '''लेख''' -- a written composition in prose, an article -- ಒರ್ ಎಳ್ತ್ '''लेखक''' -- author, writer, scribe -- ಎಳ್ತ್‌ಕಾರ '''लेखन''' -- writing, scribe, solicitor -- ಎಳ್ದೊ '''लेखन पद्दति''' -- system, cosmos, organism -- ಕ್ರಮ ಪೋಲೆ '''लेखनी''' -- a pen -- ಪೆನ್ನ್ '''लेखनीय''' -- worth writing, capable article -- ಖನಪಟ್ಟ ಎಳ್ತ್ '''लेखपाल''' -- one who maintains the land records -- ಭೂಮಿಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟ ದಾಖಲೆ ಬೆಪ್ಪಂವ '''लेखा''' -- accounts, description -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ '''लेखा जोखा''' -- calculation -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಚಾರ '''लेखापरीक्षक''' -- auditor -- ಆಡಿಟರ್, ಲೆಕ್ಕಾಚಾರಗಾರ '''लेखाबही''' -- an account book -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''लेखांश''' -- one portion of accounts -- ಲೆಕ್ಕತ್ತ್‌ರ ಒರ್ ಭಾಗ '''लेखाशास्त्र''' -- accountancy -- ಲೆಕ್ಕಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''लेख्य''' -- worth writing -- ಖನಪಟ್ಟ ಎಳ್ತ್, ಸಾರ್ಥಕ ಎಳ್ತ್ '''लेटना''' -- to lie, fib, false -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ್, ಪರಿವೊ ತಫ್ಪ್ '''लेटरबा''' -- a letter box -- ಕಾಗದ ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ '''लेडी''' -- lady -- ಪೊಂಗ '''लेंड़ी''' -- small round dung -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಚಾಣಕುಪ್ಪ್ '''लेन''' -- taking, receiving -- ಎಡ್‌ತವ, ಕೇಟವ '''लेना''' -- to take, acquire, secure -- ಎಡ್‌ತವ, ಪಡಂದವ '''लेप''' -- ointment -- ಮುಲಾಮು '''लेपन''' -- coating, smearing, veneer -- ಲೇಪ '''लेबोरेटरी''' -- a laboratory -- ಪ್ರಯೋಗ ಮಾಡೋ ಜಾಗ '''लेवा''' -- a thin mattress of cloth -- ತೆಳ್ಳನೆ ಕಡಿಕೆಕ್ ಬಿರಿಪದ್ '''लेश''' -- very little -- ದುಂಬ ಕಮ್ಮಿ, ಚೆನ್ನಂಗ್ '''लेस''' -- stickiness -- ಅಂಟೋ '''लेंस''' -- lens -- ಮಸೂರ '''लेहना''' -- fodder, provender, feed -- ಮೇಚಿ, ಒಡಿಕ್ ಪಿಲ್ಲ್ '''लैंगिक''' -- sexual -- ಕಾಮಕ್ ಸಂಮ್ಮಂದ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''लैवेंडर''' -- lavender, a pale bluish purple -- ಗಮಗಮ ಪೂಗಿಡತ್‌ರ ಗುಡ್ಡೆ '''लैस''' -- equipped -- - ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಕೂಟಿಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''लैसंस''' -- license -- ಲೈಸೆನ್ಸ್ '''लो''' -- now see this one -- ಇಕ್ಕ ಇದ್‌ನ ಒಮ್ಮ ನೋಟ್ '''लोई''' -- a kind of woollen wrapper -- ಸುತ್ತಿಬೆಪ್ಪ ಉಲ್ಲನ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''लोक''' -- the world, globe, universe -- ಪ್ರಪಂಚ '''लोक''' -- public -- ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ '''लोककल्याण''' -- public welfare -- ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ '''लोकचित्त''' -- folk mind -- ಲೋಕಜ್ಞಾನ, ಜನಮನ '''लोकतंत्रीय''' -- democracy, social equality, common people with respect their political power -- ಪ್ರಜಾಪ್ರಭುತ್ವ '''लोकतांत्रिक''' -- democratic -- ಪ್ರಜಾಪ್ರಭುತ್ವತ್ '''लोकप्रसिद्ध''' -- renowned, celebrity, glory -- ಕೇಳಿ ಪಟ್ಟ ದ್ '''लोकप्रिय''' -- popular, current, common -- ಕೇಳಿ ಪೋನದ್, ಪೆದ ಪೋನದ್, ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ '''लोकमत''' -- public opinion, democratic opinion -- ಪ್ರಜಾಪ್ರಭುತ್ವತ್‌ರ ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ, ಜನಾಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''लोकमर्यादा''' -- popular observance -- ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ಆಚಾರ '''लोकाचार''' -- ethos, mores, convention -- ಸಮಾಜಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ, ನಡಪ್ '''लोकापवाद''' -- public slander -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ಆಪಾದನೆ, ಕೆಟ್ಟಪೆದ '''लोकोत्तर''' -- super natural, transcendental, extra worldly -- ಕಾಂಗತ ಶಕ್ತಿ '''लोग''' -- people, public, a man -- ಜನ '''लोंड़ा''' -- coward, craven, dastard -- ಹೇಡಿ, ಪುಕ್ಕ್‌ಲ '''लोप''' -- disappearance, elimination, elision -- ಮಾಯಾ ಆಪ, ನಾಶ '''लोभ''' -- greed, avarice, temptation -- ದುರಾಸೆ '''लोभी''' -- greedy, avaricious, covetous -- ದುರಾಸೆರ '''लोमड़ी''' -- a fox -- ಕುರ್ಕ '''लोलक''' -- a pendant, pendulum -- ಪದಕ '''लोंहड़''' -- herd, flock, covey -- ಗುಂಪ್ '''लोहा''' -- iron, very hard, strong metal -- ಇರ್ಂಬು, ಗಟ್ಟಿವುಳ್ಳ ಲೋಹ '''लोहार''' -- blacksmith -- ಕೊಲ್ಲ '''लोहू''' -- blood -- ಚೋರೆ '''लौ''' -- flame, glow, unwavering -- ಉರಿ ಕತ್ತುವ ತಿತ್ತ್ '''लौकिक''' -- secular, earthly, worldly -- ಭೂಮಿಕ್ ಸಂಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''लौटना''' -- to return, to come back, to retreat -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪೋ '''लौंडा''' -- a boy, lad, brood -- ?ಕ್‌ಣ್ಣ? ಕುಟುಂಬ '''लौना''' -- fuel -- ಇಂಧನ, ಪುಳ್ಳಿ '''व''' -- The last of the traditional semi vowel set ´É -- ವ '''वंक''' -- bent, curved -- ಬಗ್ಗ್‌ನದ್ '''वंकट''' -- curved, intricate -- ನೇರೆ ಅಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''वक़त''' -- value, worth -- ಬೆಲೆ '''वंकनाल''' -- nerve of the body -- ತಡಿರ ನೆರು '''वकार''' -- the letter 'va' -- ?ವ? ಅಕ್ಷರ '''वक़ार''' -- prestige, honour, dignity -- ಸನ್ಮಾನ, ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ '''वकालत''' -- advocacy -- ವಕಾಲತ್ '''वकालत करना''' -- to plead for -- ವಾದ ಮಾಡುವ '''वकालत पेशा''' -- lawyer -- ವಕೀಲ '''वकालतनामा''' -- power of attorney -- ಅಧಿಕಾರ ವಹಿಸಿಕೊಡ್‌ಪೋ '''वंकिम''' -- slightly curved, bent -- ಬಗ್ಗಿತ್ತಿಪ್ಪೋ, ಚೆನ್ನಬಾಂಗ್‌ನದ್ '''वकील सरकारी''' -- an advocate -- ಸರಕಾರಿ ವಕೀಲ '''वक़्त''' -- time, opportunity -- ಸಮಯ, ಅವಕಾಶ, ನೇರ '''वक़्त आ जाना''' -- the hour of death to come -- ಚಾವೋ ನೇರ ಬಪ್ಪೋ '''वक़्त गुजारना''' -- to lead a light life -- ಬದ್‌ಕ್ ಕೈಪದ್, ನೇರ ಕೈಪ '''वक़्त पड़ना''' -- to be in a crisis -- ತೊಂದರೆಲ್ ಚಿಕ್ಕೋ '''वक़्त-बेवक्त''' -- in crisis -- ತೊಂದರೆ '''वक़्त-वक़्त पर''' -- periodically -- ಸಮಯಕ್, ನೇರನೇರಕ್ '''वक़्त-वक़्ती''' -- temporary -- ಅಕ್ಕಕ್ ಮಾತ್ರ '''वक़्तका पाबन्द''' -- punctual -- ಕರಾರುವಾಕಾಯ್ತ್, ನೇರಕ್ ಸೆರಿಯಾಯಿತ್ '''वक़्तन-फ-वक़्तन''' -- occassionally -- ಎಕ್ಕೇಂಗಿ '''वक्तव्य''' -- statement -- ಹೇಳಿಕೆ '''वक्ता''' -- spokesman -- ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕವಾಯಿತ್ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರಿಯುವಂವೋ '''वक्तृता''' -- eloquence -- ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾರಿತಕ್ಕ್ '''वक्तृत्व कला''' -- art of speaking -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರಿವಧಾಟಿ '''वक़्फ़''' -- charitable endowment -- ದಾನ ಪಣ, ದತ್ತಿ ನಿಧಿ '''वक़्फ़नामा''' -- the waqf deed -- ಮುಸಲ್ಮಾನಡ ಕರಾರ್ ಪತ್ರ '''वक़्फ़ा''' -- interval, intermission, recess -- ಮಧ್ಯತ್ತ್‌ರ ಸಮಯ '''वक्यखण्ड''' -- a clause -- ಉಪ ವಾಕ್ಯ '''वक्र''' -- curved -- ನೇರೆ ಅಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್, ಡೊಂಕ್ '''वक्र गति''' -- zigzag motion -- ಅಂಕ್ ಡೊಂಕ್ ಪೋಪದ್ '''वक्रता''' -- curvature -- ಬಗ್ಗ್‌ನದ್, ಅಂಕ್ ಡೊಂಕ್ '''वक्री''' -- crooked -- ನೇರೆ ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''वक्रोक्ति''' -- innuendo -- ವಕ್ರತೆನ ಎಣ್ಣುವಂತದ್, ವ್ಯಂಗ್ಯ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वक्ष''' -- chest -- ಎದೆ, ನೆಂಞೆ '''वक्षश्छद''' -- an armour -- ತಡಿನ ಕಾಪಾಡೊಕ್ ಇಡುವ ಲೋಹತ್‌ರ ವಸ್ತ್ರ '''वक्षस्थल''' -- chest -- ಎದೆ ಭಾಗ, ನೆಂಞೆ '''वक्षेस्त''' -- breast of a woman -- ಮೊಲೆ '''वंग''' -- Bengal state -- ಬಂಗಾಳ ರಾಜ್ಯ '''वंग संस्कृति''' -- Bengali culture -- ಬಂಗಾಳಿ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ '''वंगज''' -- vermilion, born in Bengal -- ಬಂಗಾಳಾತ್ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನ, ಕುಂಕುಮ ರಂಗ್ '''वंगदेश''' -- the state of Bengal -- ಬಂಗಾಳ ರಾಜ್ಯ '''वंगभंग''' -- partition of Bengal -- ಬಂಗಾಳತ್ತ್‌ರ ಭಾಗ ಮಾಡೋ, ಬಂಗಾಳವಿಭಜನೆ '''वंगीय''' -- pertaining to Bengal -- ಬಂಗಾಳ್‌ಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''वगैरह''' -- etc etc -- ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ '''वंचक''' -- fraudulent, deceitful -- ಮೋಸಗಾರ, ಚದಿಯ '''वचन''' -- utterance, speech -- ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वचन तोड़ना''' -- to break promise -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕ್ ತಪ್ಪುವ '''वचन देना''' -- to make promise -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೋ '''वचन निभाना''' -- to adhere to one's promise -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ನ ಉಳ್ಳ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟೋ '''वचन भंग करना''' -- to break promise -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ತಪ್ಪೋ '''वचन हारना''' -- to be committed -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಲ್ ಚೋಪೋ, ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಲ್ ಕೆಣ್ಣ್ಂಜವ '''वचनबद्ध होना''' -- to commit -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕ್ ತಪ್ಪಿ ಪೋಪೋ, ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕೊಡ್‌ತಿತ್ ಕೆಣ್ಂಜವ '''वचनबन्ध''' -- engagement -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕ್ ಸರಿಯಾಯಿತ್ ನಡಪೋ, ಮಂಗಲ ಕುರಿ '''वचनमात्र''' -- empty words -- ಖಾಲಿ ಅಕ್ಷರ, ಬೆಲೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वंचना''' -- deprivation -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟತನಕೆ ಮಾಡೋ, ಚಾಕ್ರಿ ಬುಡ್‌ತುವ '''वंचित''' -- deprived, cheated -- ಮೋಸಪೋನ, ಚದಿಲ್ ಕೆಣ್ಂಜ '''वजन''' -- weight, importance -- ಖನ '''वजनदार''' -- weighty -- ಖನ ಆನಂತದ್, ಬೆಲೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''वजनी''' -- heavy -- ಖನ '''वजह''' -- reason -- ಹೇತು, ಕಾರಣ '''वजारत''' -- ministership -- ಮಂತ್ರಿಗಿರಿ '''वजीफा''' -- scholarship -- ಓದ್‌ಕ್ ಸಹಾಯ ಪಣ, ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ ವೇತನ '''वजीर''' -- minister -- ಮಂತ್ರಿ '''वजीरे-आजम''' -- chief minister -- ಮುಖ್ಯಮಂತ್ರಿ '''वजू''' -- washing of hands and feet by Mohamedans before prayer -- ಮುಸಲ್ಮಾನ ದೇವಳ ತೊತ್ತೋಕ್ ಮುಪ್ಪಡ ಕಾಲ್ ಕೈ ಕತ್ತೋ '''वजू करना''' -- to wash one's hands and feet -- ಕಾಲ್ ಕೈ ಕತ್ತೋ '''वजूद''' -- existence, presence -- ಹಾಜರಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''वजूहात''' -- plural of vajeh -- ವಜಾಯೆ ಅಯಿಂಗ, ವಚೇಹ್‌ರ ಬಹುವಚನ '''वज्र''' -- thunderbolt -- ತೆಡ್ ಪಿಂಞ ಮಿನ್ನೋ '''वज्र गिरना''' -- a calamity to befall -- ಕಷ್ಟ ಬಂದಿತ್ ಬೂವೋ '''वज्रघोष''' -- thunderpeal -- ತೆಡ್‌ರ ಸದ್ದ್ '''वज्रदेह''' -- very sturdy -- ಗಟ್ಟಿ ಮುಟ್ಟಾಯಿತ್ ಇಪ್ಪೋ '''वज्रपात''' -- thunderbolt -- ತೆಡ್ ಪಿಂಞ ಮಿನ್ನೋ '''वज्रयान''' -- degeneration of later Buddhist belief -- ಬೌದ್ಧಧರ್ಮತ್‌ರ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಆಪ '''वज्रयानी''' -- follower of the sect -- ಧರ್ಮಾನುಯಾಯಿ '''वज्रह्मदय''' -- cruel -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ, ಕ್ರೂರಿ '''वज्राघात''' -- thunderstrike -- ತೆಡ್‌ಬಡಿಪೋ '''वज्राहत''' -- thunderstruck -- ತೆಡ್‌ಬಡಿಚದ್ '''वट''' -- banyan tree -- ಆಲ್ ಮರ '''वंटन''' -- allotment -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟನದ್ (ಜಾಗ, ಮನೆ) '''वटिका''' -- pill, tablet -- ಮಾತ್ರೆ, ಗುಳಿಗೆ '''वंटित''' -- alloted -- ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್, ಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್ '''वटी''' -- pill, tablet -- ಮಾತ್ರೆ, ಗುಳಿಗೆ '''वटु''' -- bachelor -- ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಚಾರಿ '''वडा''' -- round balls of ground pulse fried in oil or ghee -- ವಡೆ '''वणिक''' -- businessman -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿ '''वणिक कर्म/क्रिया''' -- work of trader -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ '''वणिग्वृत्ति''' -- mentality of trader -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರೀ ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''वणिज''' -- trader -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿ '''वण्र्य विषय''' -- the theme -- ವಿಷಯ, ಒರ್ ವಿಷಯ. '''वतन''' -- homeland -- ಜನ್ಮ ಭೂಮಿ '''वतन परस्त''' -- patriot -- ದೇಶ ಭಕ್ತ '''वतन परस्ती''' -- patriotism -- ದೇಶ ಭಕ್ತಿ '''वतनफ़रोश''' -- traitor -- ದೇಶ ದ್ರೋಹಿ '''वतनी''' -- compatriot -- ಸ್ವದೇಶಕಾರ '''वत्''' -- suffix to nouns, a kin to -- ನಾಮಪದತ್‌ರ ಅಂತ್ಯಪ್ರತ್ಯಯ '''वत्स''' -- offspring -- ಸಂತಾನ '''वत्सर''' -- an year -- ಕಾಲ '''वत्सल''' -- affectionate -- ಏರ ಕುಸಿವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''वदन''' -- face -- ಮೂಡ್ '''वंदन''' -- adoration, submissive -- ಪೂಜೆ, ದೇವಡ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆ '''वंदनवार''' -- bunting of green leaves (that are hung up on auspicious occasion) -- ಎಲೆರ ತೋರಣ '''वंदना''' -- obeisance, prayer -- ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆ '''वंदनीय''' -- adorable -- ಪೂಚೆಮಾಡಂಡಿಯದ್ '''वदान्य''' -- munificent -- ಉದಾರಿ, ದಾನ ಶೂರ '''वदि''' -- appended to the name of a lunar mouth to mean its dark half -- ಕರ್‍ತ ಬಾವುರ ಬಾಚೆ, ಕೃಷ್ಣಪಕ್ಷ '''वंदित''' -- worshipped -- ಪೂಜೋದ್ '''वंदीजन''' -- a band -- ವಾದ್ಯ ತಂಡ '''वध''' -- to be killed -- ಕೊಲ್ಲುವ ಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''वध''' -- killing -- ಕೊಲ್ಲೋ '''वधजीवी''' -- slaughterer -- ಆಡ್ ಕೊರಿ ಅರಪಂವ '''वधिक''' -- murderer -- ಕೊಂದಂವೋ, ಕೊಲೆಗಾರ '''वधु''' -- bride, wife -- ಮಂಗಲಕಾರ್ತಿ, ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''वंध्य''' -- unproductive -- ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿ ಮಾಡತದ್ (ಇಂಜೆಕ್ಷನ್ ಚೂದ್‌ನ ನೀರ್‌ಲ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡೋ) '''वंध्यकरण''' -- sterilization -- ಕ್ರಿಮಿನ ಚಾವುಚಿಡುವೊ '''वंध्या''' -- barren - infertile -- ಬಂಜರು '''वंध्यात्त्व''' -- barrenness -- ಪಡ್‌ಬುದ್ದದ್, ಫಲ ಕೊಡಪಕ್ ಆಕತದ್ '''वंध्यासुत''' -- imaginative, impossible -- ಕಲ್ಪನೆರ, ಆಕತದ್ '''वन''' -- forest -- ಕಾಡ್ '''वन खंड''' -- forest land -- ಕಾಡ್‌ರ ಜಾಗ '''वन गहन''' -- dense forest -- ಬಾಂಗಾಡ್, ಬನ '''वन देवता''' -- satyr, sylvanus -- ಕಾಡ್ ದೇವ '''वन धान्य''' -- wild food grain -- ಕಾಡಲ್ ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟೋ ಧಾನ್ಯ '''वन प्रान्त''' -- forestry -- ಕಾಡ್‌ಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂಧಪಟ್ಟ '''वन रक्षण''' -- forest preservation -- ಕಾಡ್‌ರ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ '''वन लक्ष्मी''' -- forest beauty -- ಕಾಡ್‌ರ ಬೋಜ, ಕಾಡ್‌ರ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ '''वन संवर्धन''' -- forestation -- ಮರ ನಡ್‌ಪೋ, ಕಾಡ್ ಬೊಳತುವ '''वन संस्कृति''' -- forest culture -- ಕಾಡ್‌ರ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ '''वन स्थली''' -- woodland -- ಕಾಡ್ '''वनगमन''' -- taking to ascetism -- ವಾನಪ್ರಸ್ಥಾಶ್ರಮ '''वनचर''' -- forestee, woodman, wild -- ಕಾಡ್‌ಲ್ ಇಪ್ಪಂತದ್, ಮರಮನುಷ್ಯ, ಪಳಗತದ್ '''वनद''' -- cloud -- ಮೋಡ '''वनदेवी''' -- a dryad -- ಕಾಡ್ ದೇವಿ, ಬನದೇವತೆ '''वनमहोत्सव''' -- an Indian movement for argumentation of forest wealth -- ವನಮಹೋತ್ಸವ '''वनमाला''' -- a wreath of wild flowers -- ಕಾಡ್‌ಪೂವ್‌ರ ಮಾಲೆ '''वनराज''' -- lion -- ಸಿಂಹ '''वनरोपण''' -- afforestation -- ಕಾಡ್‌ಲ್ ಮರನಡ್‌ಪೋ '''वनवास''' -- exile -- ವನವಾಸ '''वनविद्या''' -- forestry -- ಕಾಡ್‌ಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''वनस्पति''' -- vegetation -- ಕಾಡ್‌ರ ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿ '''वनस्पति घी''' -- vegetable oil -- ತರಕಾರಿ ಎಣ್ಣೆ, ವನಸ್ಪತಿ '''वनस्पति विज्ञान''' -- botany -- ಸಸ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''वनस्पति वैज्ञानिक''' -- botanist -- ಸಸ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞ '''वनस्पतिज्ञ''' -- botanist -- ಸಸ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞ '''वनिता''' -- woman, beloved -- ಪೊಂಗ '''वनी''' -- small forest -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಕಾಡ್ '''वनौषधि''' -- wild medicinal herbs -- ಕಾಡ್ ಮದ್ದ್, ನಾಡ್ ಮದ್ದ್ '''वन्य''' -- wild -- ಒರ್‌ಟ್, ಕಾಡ್ '''वन्य पक्षी''' -- wild birds -- ಕಾಡ್ ಪಕ್ಷಿಯ '''वन्य पशु''' -- wild beast -- ಕಾಡ್ ಜಾತಿ '''वपु''' -- body -- ತಡಿ '''वपुमान''' -- good looking -- ಚಾಯಿಕಾರ, ಚಾಯಿಕರ್ತಿ, ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳ '''वफ़ा''' -- loyalty -- ಸ್ವಾಮಿಭಕ್ತಿ '''वफ़ात''' -- death -- ಚಾವು, ಮರಣ '''वफ़ात पाना''' -- to die -- ಚಾವೋದ್, ಚಾಳ್, ಚಾವಕಾನ '''वफादारी''' -- loyalty -- ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಳ್ಳೊ, ರಾಜಭಕ್ತಿ '''वफ़ारा''' -- moist fumigation -- ನೀರಾತುವೋ, ಪಸೆ ಆತುವೊ '''वबा''' -- epidemic -- ಪಾಂದವೊ ಕಾಯಿಲ, ಅಂಟ್‌ವೊ ಕಾಯಿಲ '''वबाल''' -- curse, calamity -- ವಾಕ್, ಶಾಪ, ಪಾಳ್ ದೆಸೆ, ಅನರ್ಥ. '''वबाल-ए-जान''' -- calamitous proportion -- ಕಷ್ಟತ್‌ರ ಪಾಲ್, ಆಪತ್ತ್‌ರ ಅನುಭವ. '''वमन''' -- vomiting, puke -- ಕಾರಟ, ಕಕ್ಕ್ '''वमन करना''' -- to puke -- ಕಕ್ಕುವ, ಕಾರುವ '''वमन करने की इच्छा''' -- qualm -- ಕಾರ್‌ವ ಅನ್ನಕೆ, ಕಾರ ಬಪ್ಪನ್ನೆಕೆ. '''वय''' -- age -- ಬಯತ್, ವಯಸ್ಸ್ '''वयः संधि''' -- age of adolescence -- ಬಯತ್ ಬಂದ ಆಣ್, ಪೊಣ್ಣ್, ಬಾಲೆಕಾರ, ಬಾಲೆಕರ್ತಿ. '''वयःक्रम''' -- age -- ಬಯತಾನ, ವಯಸ್ಸಾನ '''वयोवृद्ध''' -- aged -- ಬಯತಾನ, ವಯಸ್ಸಾನ '''वर''' -- bridegroom -- ಮಂಗಲಕಾರ '''वरक़''' -- wafer of gold or silver -- ಪೊನ್ನ್‌ರ ಅಥವಾ ಬೊಳ್ಳಿರ ಪಾಳೆ, ಪೊದಿಕೆ. '''वरक उलटना''' -- to turn a page -- ಪಾಳಿ ತಿರ್‌ಕ್‌ವೊ, ಪಾಳಿ ಮರಿಪ '''वरक साज''' -- manufacturer -- ಮಾಟಕಾರ, ತಯ್ಯಾರ್ ಮಾಡುವಂವೊ (ಮಾಟ, ತಯ್ಯಾರ್) '''वरजिस''' -- exercise -- ಕಸರತ್, ವ್ಯಾಯಾಮ '''वरण''' -- choice, selection -- ಬೋಂಡ್ಯಾನದ್, ಆಯುವೊ '''वरण करना''' -- to select -- ಆಯುವೊ, ಆಂಜವ '''वरणीय''' -- worth selecting -- ನಲ್ಲ ಪೊರ್‌ಕಲ್, ನಲ್ಲ ಆಯಲ್ '''वरद''' -- boon giving -- ಅನೋದ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ, ವರದಾನ. '''वरदान''' -- boon -- ವರ, ಅನೋದ '''वरदी''' -- uniform -- ಒತ್ತ ಉಡ್‌ಪು, ಸಮವಸ್ತ್ರ '''वरना''' -- otherwise -- ಅಲ್ಲೇಂಗಿ '''वरन्''' -- but -- ಆಚೇಂಗಿ '''वरपक्ष''' -- bridegroom`s side -- ಮಂಗ್‌ಲಕಾರಂಡ ಕಡೆ '''वरम''' -- swelling -- ಬಣ್ಣ ಬೆಚ್ಚಂಡ್, ಪುಡ್‌ತಂಡ್ '''वराकांक्षी''' -- desirous of husband -- ವಡಿಯ ಬೋಂಡೂಂದ್ ಆಸೆ '''वरांगना''' -- beautiful woman -- ಚಾಯಿಕರ್ತಿ '''वरासन''' -- seat of bridegroom -- ಮಂಗಲಕಾರ ಅಳಿಪ ಜಾಗ '''वराह''' -- boar, pig -- ಪಂದಿ '''वरिष्ट''' -- senior -- ಪೆರಿಯವು, ಪೆರಿಯಯಿಂಗ '''वरिष्ट विद्वान''' -- senior scholar -- ಪೆರಿಯ ಪಂಡಿತ '''वरिष्ट सदस्य''' -- senior member -- ಪೆರಿಯ ಸದಸ್ಯ '''वरिष्टता''' -- seniority -- ಪೆರಿಯತನ '''वरिष्टता क्रम''' -- order of seniority -- ಪೆರಿಯಯಿಂಗಡ ವರ್ಗ, ಬಯತ್ ಪ್ರಕಾರ '''वरीय''' -- senior -- ಪೆರಿಯ '''वरुण''' -- presiding deity of water -- ಮಳೆ ದೇವತೆ, ಜಲ ದೇವತೆ '''वरुणलोक''' -- the kingdom of water -- ಜಲಾಧಿಪತ್ಯ '''वरुणालय''' -- ocean -- ಕಡ '''वरे''' -- near -- ಪಕ್ಕ '''वरेण्य''' -- choice, classical -- ಬೋಂಡ್ಯಾನದ್, ಪೆದ ಪೋನ, ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಟವಾನದ್. '''वर्ग''' -- class, category -- ವರ್ಗ, ಜಾತಿ, ಬಗೆ. '''वर्ग संघर्ष''' -- class struggle -- ಕುಲತ್‌ರ ಒದ್ದಾಟ, ಪೇಚಾಟ, ಬಲ್ಯವು ಚೆರಿಯವು ಎಣ್ಣುವ ಬೇಧ '''वर्ग समाज''' -- class society -- ವರ್ಗತ್‌ರ ಸಮಾಜ '''वर्ग स्वार्थ''' -- class interest -- ಕುಲತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅಭಿಮಾನ, ವರ್ಗತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ನಲ್ಲರಿಮೆ. '''वर्ग-उच्च''' -- high or upper class -- ಬಲ್ಯ ವರ್ಗಕಾರ, ಮೇಲ್ವರ್ಗಕಾರ. '''वर्ग-निम्न''' -- lower class -- ಕ್ಳ್‌ವರ್ಗ '''वर्गद्वन्द''' -- class struggle -- ಅಂತಸ್ತ್‌ರ ಪೋರಾಟ '''वर्गपहेली''' -- puzzle -- ಸಮಸ್ಯೆ '''वर्गभेद''' -- discrimination -- ಬಿನ್ನ ಬೇಧ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''वर्गमुक्त''' -- classless -- ಬಲ್ಯರಿಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ, ಜಾತಿ ಬೇಧ ಇಲ್ಲತ. '''वर्गहित''' -- class interest -- ಕುಲತ್‌ರ ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ, ವರ್ಗತ್‌ರ ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ. '''वर्गहीन''' -- classless -- ಬೇಧ ಭಾವ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''वर्गाकर''' -- square -- ಚೌಕೊತ್ತ, ಜೌಕಾಕೃತಿ '''वर्गीकरण''' -- classification -- ವರ್ಗೀಕರಣ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''वर्गीकृत''' -- classified -- ವರ್ಗೀಕರಣ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ, ಬೋರೆಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ '''वर्गीय''' -- class -- ಅಂತಸ್ತ್, ವರ್ಗ '''वर्गोत्तम''' -- the last letter of each of the five pentads of the indian alphabet -- ವರ್ಗೀಯ ವ್ಯಂಜನತ್‌ರ ಕಡೆರ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''वर्ग्य''' -- colleague -- ವಾರಡಿ ಕೆಲಸಕಾರ, ಜೊತೆ ಕೆಲಸಕಾರ. '''वर्चस्व''' -- vitality -- ಜಿಂವ ಬಲ, ಪ್ರಾಣ ಬಲ '''वर्चस्विता''' -- vigourous -- ಕಠಿನವಾನ, ಸತ್ವ ಉಳ್ಳಂತ. '''वर्जन''' -- inhibition -- ಅಡ್ಡಿ, ತಡೆ. '''वर्जना''' -- prohibition -- ತಡೆಯಾಜ್ಞೆ '''वर्जनाग्रस्त''' -- inhibitive -- ತಡಪೊ, ಅಡ್ಡಿ ಮಾಡುವೊ. '''वर्जित''' -- inhibited -- ತಡೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ '''वर्ण''' -- caste, colour -- ಜಾತಿ, ರಂಗ್, ಕಾಂತಿ. '''वर्ण विकार''' -- disformation of alphabets -- ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥಿತವಾಯಿತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತ ಅಕ್ಷರ ಮಾಲೆ '''वर्ण विचार''' -- orthography -- ಸೆರಿಯಾನ ಅಕ್ಷರ ಜೋಡಣೆ '''वर्ण विन्यास''' -- spelling -- ಬುಡ್‌ತಿತ್ ಎಣ್ಣುವೊ, ಶಬ್ಧತ್‌ನ್ ಬುಡ್‌ತಿತ್ ಎಣ್ಣುವೊ. '''वर्ण विभाजन''' -- division into four classes -- ಜಾತಿಧರ್ಮತ್‌ಲ್ ನಾಲ್ ಭಾಗ ಆಯಿತ್ ತಿರ್‌ಚದ್ '''वर्ण व्यवस्था''' -- caste system -- ಜಾತಿ ಪದ್ಧತಿ '''वर्ण संकर''' -- hybrid -- ಮಿಶ್ರ ಜಾತಿ '''वर्ण संसर्ग''' -- intercaste union -- ಅಂತರ ಜಾತಿ ಐಕ್ಯ, ಅಂತರ ಜಾತಿ ಸಂಘ. '''वर्णक''' -- pigment, painter -- ರಂಗ್‌ರ ದ್ರವ್ಯ, ಪೆಯಿಂಟ್, ಬಣ್ಣಕಾರ. '''वर्णक्रम''' -- colour scheme -- ರಂಗ್‌ರ ಮಾಟ, ರೂಪ್ ರೇಖೆ. '''वर्णक्रममापी''' -- spectrometer -- ರಂಗ್‌ನ ಅಳತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್ '''वर्णक्रमिको''' -- spectroscopy -- ರಂಗ್‌ನ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ ಯಂತ್ರ '''वर्णन''' -- description -- ವರ್ಣನೆ '''वर्णनातीत''' -- defying description -- ಎಣ್ಣುವ ಕಯ್ಯತಂತ್‌ದ್ '''वर्णनीय''' -- describable -- ವರ್ಣನೆಕ್ ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾನಂತ '''वर्णमाला''' -- alphabets -- ಅಕ್ಷರ ಮಾಲೆ '''वर्णरेखा''' -- streak -- ಗೆರೆ, ರೇಖೆ. '''वर्णहीनता''' -- classless -- ವರ್ಗೀಯ ಅಲ್ಲತ ಜಾತಿ ಬೇಧ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''वर्णागम''' -- augment -- ವೃದ್ಧಿ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಮಾಡುವೊ. '''वर्णांध''' -- colour blindness -- ರಂಗ್‌ರ ಬೇದ ಅರಿಯುವ ಕಯ್ಯತಂತ್ ದೃಷ್ಟಿ. '''वर्णानुक्रम''' -- alphabetical order -- ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆರ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆರನ್ನನೆ. '''वर्णानुक्रमणिका''' -- alphabetical index -- ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆರ ಪಟ್ಟಿ. '''वर्णानुप्रास''' -- a kind of alliteration -- ಒರೇ ತರತ್‌ರ ಉಚ್ಚಾರಣೆ ಶಬ್ಧ ಪ್ರಾಸ '''वर्णाश्रम''' -- the caste and the stage of life -- ಜಾತಿ ಪಿಂಞ ಜೀವನ ಮಟ್ಟ, ವರ್ಣಾಶ್ರಮ '''वर्णित''' -- to be described -- ವರ್ಣನೆ ಮಾಡುವ ಕುಳ್ಳ. '''वर्तन''' -- refraction -- ಬದಲಾಪೊ, ಸೂರ್ಯಕಿರಣ ಬಗ್ಗುವ, ವಕ್ರೀಭವನ '''वर्तनी''' -- spelling -- ಶಬ್ಧ ಬುಡ್‌ತ್‌ವೊ, ಬುಡ್‌ತಿತ್ ಎಣ್ಣುವೊ, ಶಬ್ದತ್‌ರ ಅಕ್ಷರ ಎಣ್ಣುವ '''वर्तनी व्यवस्था''' -- spelling system -- ಶಬ್ಧತ್‌ರ ರಚನೆ '''वर्तनी सुधार''' -- reform of spelling -- ಶಬ್ಧತಿದ್ದಿತ್ ಮಾಡ್, ಅಕ್ಷರಪುನರ್‌ರಚನೆ. '''वर्तमान''' -- present -- ವರ್ತಮಾನಕಾಲ, ನಡಂದಂಡುಳ್ಳ ಕಾಲ. '''वर्तमानकाल''' -- the present tense -- ನಡಂದಂಡುಳ್ಳ ಕಾಲ, ವರ್ತಮಾನಕಾಲ. '''वर्तमानता''' -- the present -- ಇಕ್ಕ ನಡಂದಂಡುಳ್ಳ '''वर्तित''' -- set in motion or rotation -- ಸುತ್ತಿಯಂಡುಳ್ಳ, ತಿರಿಯಂಡುಳ್ಳ '''वर्तुल''' -- round -- ಉರ್‌ಟ್, ಉರೂಟಾನೆ, ಬಳೆರನ್ನನೆ. '''वर्तुलता''' -- roundness -- ಉರೂಟ್ ಉಳ್ಳಂತ, ಬಳೆರನ್ನನೆ ಉಳ್ಳೊ. '''वर्तुलन''' -- rounding -- ಸುತ್ತ್‌ಡ್‌ವೊ '''वर्तुलाकार''' -- spherical -- ಉರೂಟಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳ '''वर्दी''' -- uniform -- ಸಮವಸ್ತ್ರ '''वर्धक''' -- growth -- ಬೊಳೆಯುವೊ '''वर्धन''' -- developing -- ಬೊಳಚೆ '''वर्धमान''' -- developing -- ಬೊಳತ್ತ್‌ವೊ, ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಮಾಡುವೊ. '''वर्म''' -- an armour -- ರಕ್ಷಾ ಕವಚ '''वर्म भेद''' -- discrimination, apartheid -- ಬಿನ್ನ ಬೇಧ, ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ. '''वर्मानुक्रमिक''' -- alphabetical -- ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆರನ್ನನೆ. '''वर्मित''' -- armoured -- ರಕ್ಷಾ ಕವಚ ತೋಡೆ '''वर्ष''' -- year -- ಕಾಲ '''वर्षगाँठ''' -- birthday -- ಪರಂದನಾಳ್, ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನ ನಾಳ್. '''वर्षप्रवेश''' -- beginning of new year -- ಪುದಿಯಕಾಲ ಪುಡಿಪ '''वर्षफल''' -- astrological prediction for the year -- ಕಾಲ ಜ್ಞಾನ, ಜಾತಕಫಲ '''वर्षबोध''' -- an year book -- ಒರಾಂಡಿತ್‌ರ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''वर्षा''' -- rain -- ಮಳೆ '''वर्षाकाल''' -- rainy season -- ಮಳೆಗಾಲ, ಮಳೆಕಾಲ '''वर्षागम''' -- advent of new year -- ಪುದಿಯಕಾಲ ಬಪ್ಪೊ '''वर्षाजल''' -- rainwater -- ಮಳೆನೀರ್ '''वर्षानुवर्षा''' -- perennial -- ಕಾಲಾನ್ ಕಾಲಕ್, ಎಕ್ಕೊಲು '''वलन''' -- fold, revolution -- ಮಡಕ್, ನೆರಿ, ಪೀಡೆ, ಅಂದೋಳನ, ಪ್ರದಕ್ಷಿಣೆ '''वलय''' -- ring, circle -- ಚಕ್ರತ್‌ರ ಮಾದರಿ, ಮೊಯಿರ, ಚೌಕಿ, ವೃತ್ತ. '''वलयाकार''' -- ring shaped -- ಮೊಯಿರತ್‌ರ ಮಾದರಿ '''वलयित''' -- encircled -- ಬಳಸಿ ತುಳ್ಳ ಸುತ್ತಿಯಂಡುಳ್ಳೊ '''वलित''' -- enveloped, bent -- ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯಂಡುಳ್ಳೊ, ಬಾಂಗುವೊ, ಬಗ್ಗ್‌ವೊ. '''वली''' -- guardian, master -- ಪೋಷಕ, ಚಾಕುವಂವೊ, ಯಜಮಾನ. '''वलीअहद''' -- heir apparent -- ನೇರಾನ ಹಕ್ಕ್‌ದಾರ '''वल्कल''' -- bark of a tree -- ಮರ್‌ತ್‌ರ ಅಟ್ಟೆ '''वल्कल वस्त्र''' -- cloths made from bark of tree -- ಮರತ್‌ರ್ ನಾರ್‌ಲ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ ಬಟ್ಟೆ. '''वल्गा''' -- rein, bridle -- ಪುಡ್‌ತ, ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ. '''वल्द''' -- son of -- ಮೋಂವ್‌ನಾನ, ಮೋಂವ್‌ನಾಪ, ಮೋಂವನಾನಂವ '''वल्दियत''' -- parentage -- ಮನೆತನ '''वल्मीक''' -- white ant -- ಕೆದ, ಬೊಳ್ತ ಉರುಪು '''वल्लभ''' -- dear one -- ಪ್ರೀತಿ ಪಟ್ಟಂವೊ, ಆಸೆ ಪಟ್ಟವು '''वल्लरी''' -- creeper -- ಪಬ್ಬುವದ್, ಪಬ್ಬುವೊ, ಬಳ್ಳಿ '''वल्लाह''' -- good god -- ದೇವಡ ಸತ್ಯವಾಯಿತ್, ಪ್ರಮಾಣವಾಯಿತ್. '''वल्ली''' -- creeping -- ಬಳ್ಳಿ, ಪಬ್ಬುವ ಬಳ್ಳಿ, ಗಿಡ, ಪರಂದಂಡ್ ಪೋಪ, ಪರಪ '''वश''' -- power, control -- ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಪಡ್ತಿಯವೊ, ಯಜಮಾನಿಕೆ. '''वंश''' -- lineage, family, clan -- ವಂಶ, ಕುಟುಂಬ '''वंश उन्नति-शास्त्र''' -- eugenics -- ವಂಶಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''वंश क्षय''' -- family decay -- ಕುತ್ತಿನಾಶ '''वंश चरित''' -- genealogy -- ವಂಶಾವಳಿ '''वश चलना''' -- to exercise control -- ಬಳಕೆಕ್ ಕೊಂಡಬಪ್ಪೊ, ಬಳಸುವೊ. '''वंश तालिका''' -- genealogical table -- ವಂಶಾವಳಿ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''वंश नाश''' -- extermination of a family -- ಕುತ್ತಿನಾಸ '''वंश परम्परा''' -- family tradition -- ಕುಟುಂಬ ಪರಂಪರೆ '''वश में करना''' -- to control -- ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚವೊ. '''वश में होना''' -- to be under control -- ಸ್ವಾಧೀನತ್‌ಲ್ ಉಳ್ಳೊ, ಸ್ವಾಧೀನತ್ ಉಳ್ಳಂತ. '''वंश लोचन''' -- a whitish earthly formation in the hollow of bamboo used for medicinal purpose -- ವಂಶ, ಕುಡಿ '''वशका''' -- under control -- ಸ್ವಾಧೀನತ್‌ಲ್ ಉಳ್ಳೊ '''वंशकीर्ति''' -- fame -- ಪೆದ ಪೋನದ್, ವಂಶತ್‌ರ ಕೇಳಿ '''वंशगत''' -- lineage -- ಮನೆತನ '''वंशज''' -- descendent -- ವಂಶ ತ್ರಯಿಂಗ, ಸಂತಾನಕಾರ '''वंशधर''' -- descendant -- ಕುಟುಂಬಸ್ಥ, ಮನೆಕಾರ '''वंशधर''' -- an epithet of Lord Krishna -- - ಮನೆರ ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ ಕಾಪಾಡುವಂವ '''वंशलक्ष्मी''' -- family goddess -- ಕುಲದೇವಿ '''वशंवद''' -- obedient -- ನಂಬ್‌ನಂವೊ, ವಿಧೇಯ. '''वशवर्ती''' -- subjugated -- ಸಾದ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ, ಜಯಿಸುವ, ವಶಪಡತಿಯಂಡ '''वंशवृक्ष''' -- genealogy -- ವಂಶಾವಳಿ '''वंशवृद्धि''' -- family development -- ಕುಟುಂಬ ಏಳಿಗೆ '''वंशागत''' -- inherited -- ವಂಶವಾಹಿ '''वंशानुक्रम''' -- family succession -- ವಂಶತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬೊಳ್‌ಚೆ '''वशानुग''' -- obedient -- ವಿದೇಯತ್ವ ಉಳ್ಳ '''वंशानुगत''' -- hereditary -- ವಂಶವಾಹಿ '''वंशावली''' -- genealogy -- ವಂಶಾವಳಿ '''वशिता''' -- subjection -- ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಮಾಡ್ಯವೊ '''वंशी''' -- flute -- ಪಾಂಗೊಳ '''वशीकरण''' -- fascinating, enchanting -- ವಶೀಕರಣ ಮಾಡ್ಯವೊ, ಮರಳ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ. '''वशीकरण मंत्र''' -- conjunction to bring under complete control -- ವಶೀಕರಣ ಮಾಡ್ಯವೊ. '''वशीभूत''' -- overpowered -- ವಶಪಡ್‌ತಿಯಂಡ, ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಮಾಡಿಯಂಡ. '''वशीभूत''' -- fascinated -- ವಶೀಕರಣ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ '''वश्य''' -- worth controlling -- ಸೆರಿಯಾನ ಪುಡ್‌ತತುಳ್ಳೊ. '''वश्यता''' -- overcome, subjugation -- ಜಯಿಸುವೊ, ಸ್ವಾಧೀನಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ತವೊ. '''वसंतोत्सव''' -- festival of holi -- ಹೋಳಿನಮ್ಮೆ '''वसन''' -- clothing, racment -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಬರಿ '''वसन्त''' -- spring -- ವಸಂತಕಾಲ '''वसन्त पञ्चमी''' -- an important hindu festival celebrated on the fifth day of the moonlight, forthnight of the month of magha -- ವಸಂತ ಪಂಚಮಿ ನಮ್ಮೆ '''वसन्तकाल''' -- spring time -- ವಸಂತ ಕಾಲ, ವಸಂತ ಋತು. '''वसन्ती''' -- pertaining to spring -- ವಸಂತ ಕಾಲಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟ. '''वसा''' -- fat -- ಚರ್ಬಿ, ನೆಯ್ಯಿ. '''वसी''' -- a testamentary -- ಮರಣ ಶಾಸನ, ಉಯಿಲ್ '''वसीका''' -- document, deed -- ಕಾಗದ ಪತ್ರ, ಕರಾರ್ ಪತ್ರ. '''वसीयत''' -- testament, legacy -- ಉಯಿಲ್, ಮರಣ ಪತ್ರ, ಪೂರ್ವಾಜಿತ ಆಸ್ತಿ. '''वसीयतकर्ता''' -- testator -- ಉಯಿಲ್ ಎಳ್‌ದಿತ್ ಚತ್ತಂವೊ, ಮರಣ ಶಾಸನಕಾರ. '''वसीयतनामा''' -- testament -- ಮರಣ ಪತ್ರ, ಮೃತ್ಯು ಪತ್ರ. '''वसीला''' -- source, mean -- ಮೂಲ, ಕ್ಳ್ ವರ್ಗ, ಕ್ಳ್ ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ರ. '''वसुंधरा''' -- the earth -- ಭೂಮಿ ತಾಯಿ, ಭೂತಾಯಿ. '''वसूल''' -- realised, collected -- ವಸೂಲಾನ, ಪ್ರಾಪ್ತವಾನ, ಕೂಟಿಬೆಚ್ಚ. '''वसूल करना''' -- to collect -- ವಸೂಲ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''वस्तु''' -- an article -- ಒರ್ ವಸ್ತು, ಒರ್ ಪದಾರ್ಥ. '''वस्तु जगत''' -- phenomenal world -- ಅದ್ಭುತವಾನ ಲೋಕ '''वस्तु ज्ञान''' -- knowledge of essentials -- ಅವಶ್ಯವಾನ ವ್ಯವಹಾರ ಜ್ಞಾನ '''वस्तु निष्ठावाद''' -- positivism -- ನೇರಾನ, ನಿಶ್ಚಿತವಾನ. '''वस्तु विद्या/शास्त्र''' -- the science of architecture -- ವಾಸ್ತು ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''वस्तु विनिमय''' -- trade, barter system -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ, ವಸ್ತುನ ಮಾತ್ಯವೊ, ಪದ್ಧತಿ (ಮಾತ್ಯವೊ, ಬದಲಾವಣೆ) '''वस्तु विर्देश''' -- an inkling of the plot -- ಪಿತೊರಿರ ಸೂಚನೆ, ಪಿತೂರಿರ ಅರಿವು. '''वस्तुतः''' -- defacto -- ನೇರಾನ, ನೇರಾಯಿತ್. '''वस्त्र''' -- clothe -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ವಸ್ತ್ರ. '''वस्त्रागार''' -- clothe house -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಅಂಗಡಿ, ಜವುಳಿ ಅಂಗಡಿ '''वस्ल''' -- union, cohabitation -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಡುವೊ, ಒಡಿಯ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್‌ರನ್ನನೆ ಇಪ್ಪೊ. '''वह''' -- it, that, as a suffix -- ಅಂವೊ, ಅವ, ಅದ್. '''वहन''' -- conveying -- ಸಾಗ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ, ಅರಿಚಿಡುವೊ. '''वहम''' -- doubt -- ಸಂಶಯ '''वहमी''' -- suspicious, dubious -- ಅನುಮಾನ, ನಂಬುವಕಯ್ಯತ. '''वहशत''' -- embarrassment, embody -- ಅಸಭ್ಯತನ, ಜೊತೆಕೂಟುವೊ, ಪೇಚಾಟ '''वहशियाना''' -- wild, fierce -- ಒರಟ, ಪೋಡಿ ಆಪಂತ. '''वहशी''' -- savage, wild -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವೊ, ಕ್ರೂರ. '''वहाँ''' -- there itself, at that place -- ಅಲ್ಲಿ, ಅಪ್ಪರ. '''वही''' -- the same -- ಅದೇ '''वहीं''' -- there -- ಅಲ್ಲಿ '''वह्नि''' -- fire -- ತಿತ್ತ್ '''वा''' -- or else -- ಅದ್, ಅದ್ ಅಲ್ಲತೆ. '''वाक कलह''' -- altercation, quarrel -- ಲಟಾಪಟ್ಟಿ, ಜಗಳ '''वाक छल''' -- quibble -- ಎರ್ದಾಂಡೆ ಪರಿಯುವೂ '''वाक़ई''' -- infact -- ನೇರಾನ '''वाकतन्तु''' -- vocal chord -- ಸ್ವರ ಬಪ್ಪೊಅಂಗ, ತೊಂಡೆ, ಸ್ವರ ನಾಳ. '''वाकपटु''' -- skilled in speech -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕಾರ, ಭಾಷಣಕಾರ. '''वाक़फ़ियत''' -- acquaintance -- ಗೊತ್ತುಳ್ಪಂವೊ, ಪರಿಚಯಕಾರ. '''वाक़िफ''' -- acq;uainted, attain -- ಪರಿಚಯ ಉಳ್ಳಂವೊ, ಸಾದ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ. '''वाक़िफ होना''' -- to be acquainted -- ಪರಿಚಯ ಆಪಕುಳ್ಳ್ '''वाक़िफकार''' -- an acquaintance -- ಪರಿಚಯಸ್ತ, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಗೊತ್ತುಳ್ಳಂವೊ. '''वाक़ियत''' -- chain of event -- ಸರಣಿ ಸಂಭವ ಆಪಂತ, ಒಂದಾಂಡ ಬಯ್ಯ, ಒಂದ್ ಆಪಂತ ಘಟನೆ. '''वाक़िया''' -- incident -- ಆಪಂತ ಘಟನೆ, ಆಕಸ್ಮಿತ್ ಆಪಂತ ಸಂಗತಿ. '''वाक़े''' -- happening, incident -- ನಡಪಂತ ಘಟನೆ '''वाक्''' -- speech -- ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वाक्केलि''' -- jesting -- ತೆಳ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ, ತಮಾಷಿ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''वाक्य''' -- a sentence -- ವಾಕ್ಯ '''वाक्य रचना''' -- syntax -- ವಾಕ್ಯ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''वाक्य विज्ञान''' -- amphibology -- ವಾಕ್ಯ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ '''वाक्य विश्लेषण''' -- sentence analysis -- ವಾಕ್ಯ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''वाक्य संयोग''' -- grammatical construction -- ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ ಬದ್ಧವಾನ ವಾಕ್ಯ '''वाक्यभेद''' -- syntactical difference -- ವಾಕ್ಯತ್‌ಲ್ ಭೇದ '''वाक्यविन्यास''' -- amphibology -- - ದಂಡ್ ಅರ್ಥತ್‌ರ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वाक्यविशेष''' -- a particular sentence -- ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟವಾನ ವಾಕ್ಯ '''वाक्याडंबर''' -- verbosity -- - ರಸಕೂಟ್‌ನ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वाक्यांश''' -- a phrase -- ವಾಕ್ಯತ್‌ರ ಅಂಶ '''वागाडंबर''' -- grandiloquence -- - ಬಲ್ಯರಿಕೆ ತಕ್ಕ್, ಆಡಂಬರತ್‌ರ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वागिंद्रिय''' -- vocal organ -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರಿಯುವೊ ಅಂಗ '''वागीश''' -- master of speech -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಲ್ ನಿಪುಣ '''वाग्जाल''' -- prevarication -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಸ ತಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವಂವೊ, ಬಾಯಿ ಮೇಜುವ '''वाग्दत्त''' -- betrothed -- ಮಂಗಲ ನಿಶ್ಚಯ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ '''वाग्दान''' -- betrothal -- ಮಂಗಲ ನಿಶ್ಚಯ, ಮಂಗಲ ಕುರಿ '''वाग्देवी''' -- goddess of speech -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ರ ದೇವತೆ '''वाग्बद्द''' -- tongue tied -- ನಾವು ಕೆಟ್ಟಿಪೋಪೋ, ನಾವು ಬರತಾಪೊ '''वाग्मिता''' -- eloquence -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರಿಯುವ ಕಲೆ '''वाग्मी''' -- eloquent -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕಾರ, ವಾಗ್ಮಿ, ವಾಚಾಳಿ. '''वाग्युद्ध''' -- altercation -- ಲಟಾಪಟಿ, ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕ್ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वाग्विदग्ध''' -- eloquent -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕಾರ '''वाग्विलास''' -- elegance of speech -- ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳತಕ್ಕ್ '''वाग्विश्वास''' -- parole -- ಭರವಸೆರ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वाग्वीर''' -- talkative -- ವಾಚಾಳಿ, ಹರಟೆಕಾರ '''वाग्वैदग्ध्य''' -- witness -- ಕಣ್ಣಾರೆ ಕಾಂಬೊ, ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ '''वाग्वैभव''' -- glory of speech -- ಪ್ರತಿಷ್ಟೆರ ತಕ್ಕ್, ತಕ್ಕ್‌ರ ವೈಭವ '''वाङ्मय''' -- literature -- ನಲ್ಲ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಂಪತ್ತ್, ನಲ್ಲ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ '''वाचक''' -- narrator -- ವಿವರಿಚಿಡುವಂವೊ '''वाचकत्व''' -- significance -- ಪೆದಪೋನಂತ, ಮಹತ್ವವಾನಂತ '''वाचन''' -- citation, needing -- ಓದುವಿಕೆ, ಆಧಾರ ಕಾಟುವೊ, ಅವಶ್ಯವಾನಂತ '''वाचन पत्र''' -- citation -- ಸಮರ್ಥನೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಉದಾಹರಣೆ ಕಾಟುವ '''वाचनालय''' -- reading room -- ಓದುವೊಕೋಂಬರೆ '''वाचनिक''' -- oral, verbal -- ರೂಬು ರೂಬು ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಪರಿಯುವೊ, ಬಾಯಿತಕ್ಕ್. '''वाचस्पति''' -- master of speech -- ನಲ್ಲತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕಾರ '''वाचा''' -- speech -- ತಕ್ಕ್, ಬಾಕ್ '''वाचाबद्ध''' -- committed -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ಪಾಡ್‌ಕ್ ಒಳಗಾನ, ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ಪಾಡ್‌ಕ್ ಅಡಂಗ್‌ನ. '''वाचाबंध''' -- pledge -- ಅಡ, ವಾಗ್ದಾನ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಕೊತ್ತ್ ನಡಪ '''वाचाबंधन''' -- making commitment -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ಪಾಡ್‌ಕ್ ಅಡಂಗುವೊ, ವಚನ ಬದ್ಧನಾಯಿತ್ ಮಾಡುವೊ. '''वाचाल''' -- talkative -- ದುಂಬಾ ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕಾರ, ವಾಚಾಳಿ. '''वाचालता''' -- talkativeness -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರಿಯುವಂತ ಕಲೆ ಉಳ್ಳಂವೊ. '''वाचाविरुद्ध''' -- unworthy of speech -- ಅನಾವಶ್ಯತರ ತಕ್ಕ್, ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಇಲ್ಲತ ತಕ್ಕ್. '''वाचिक''' -- vocal -- ಬಾಯಿಲ್ ಎಣ್ಣುಂವೊ, ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ನ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वाचित्र पत्र''' -- written agreement -- ಎಳ್‌ತ್ ಕುತ್ತ್‌ರ ಒಪ್ಪಚಾರ, ಕಾಗದ ಪತ್ರತ್ ಎಳ್‌ತ್. '''वाच्य''' -- predicable -- ಖಂಡಿತವಾಯಿತ್ ಎಣ್ಣುಂವೊ '''वाच्यार्थ''' -- literal meaning -- ನಿಶ್ಚಯವಾನ ಅರ್ಥ, ತಕ್ಕ್‌ರ ಅರ್ಥ '''वांछनीय''' -- desirable -- ಬೋಂಡ್ಯಾನ '''वांछनीय व्यक्ति''' -- personagsata -- ಬೋಂಡ್ಯಂತ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ, ಬೋಂಡ್ಯಂತ ಮನುಷ್ಯ. '''वांछनीयता''' -- desirability -- ಬೊಂಡ್ಯಾ ಪಂತ '''वांछा''' -- desire, wish -- ಅಪೇಕ್ಷೆ '''वांछित''' -- desired, coveted -- ಬೋಂಡ್ಯದ್, ಆಸೆ ಪಟ್ಟಂತ. '''वाज''' -- sermon -- ಬುದ್ಧಿವಾದ '''वाज''' -- fin -- ಮೀನ್ರ ಮೀಂದುವ ರೆಕ್ಕೆ '''वाजिब''' -- reasonable -- ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾನ '''वाजिबी''' -- reasonable -- ಸೆರಿಯಾನ '''वाजिह''' -- explicit -- ತಪಸೀಲ್ ಆಯಿತ್ '''वाजिह रहे''' -- understood clearly -- ಸರಿಯಾಯಿತ್ ಅರ್ಂಜವೊ '''वाजी''' -- winged -- ರೆಕ್ಕೆ, ಓರ್‌ಬರಿ, ಕುದರೆ '''वाजीकर''' -- aphrodisiac -- ಕಾಮಕ್ ಒತ್ತಾಸೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಕಾಮ ಉಂಟ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ. '''वाजीकरण''' -- stimulation -- ಒತ್ತಾಸೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಬಟ್ಟೆಕ್ ಬಲಿಪೊ. '''वाट''' -- watt -- ವಿದ್ಯುಚ್ಛಕ್ತಿರ ಅಳತೆ '''वाटर-कलर''' -- water colour -- ನೀರ್‌ರ ರಂಗ್ '''वाटिका''' -- small garden -- ಚೆರಿಯ ತೋಟ '''वाडव''' -- submarine fire -- ಸಬ್‌ಮೆರಿನ್‌ರ ತಿತ್ತ್ '''वाणिज्य''' -- commerce -- ವಾಣಿಜ್ಯ/ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ವ್ಯವಹಾರ '''वाणिज्य दूतावास''' -- consulate -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರತ್ತ್‌ರ ರಾಯಭಾರಿ ಕಚೇರಿ '''वाणिज्य मण्डल''' -- chamber of commerce -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕೂಟ್/ಮಂಡಲಿ '''वाणिज्य विषयक''' -- commercial -- ವ್ಯವಹಾರ ಕೊತ್ತದ್ '''वाणिज्यदूत''' -- a trade counsel -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ - ವ್ಯವಹಾರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕೂಟ್ '''वाणिज्यवाद''' -- mercantilism -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರತ್ತ್‌ರ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಬಾಕ್/ಚರ್ಚೆ '''वाणिज्यिक''' -- commercial -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ - ವ್ಯವಹಾರ ಕೊತ್ತದ್ '''वाणिज्यिक''' -- a trader -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿ '''वाणी''' -- speech -- ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वाणीरहित''' -- speechless -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''वात''' -- air, wind -- ವಾಯುಕಾತ್ '''वात प्रकोप''' -- disorder caused by wind -- ಕಾತ್‌ನುಂಡ್ ಅಲ್ಲೋಲಕಲ್ಲೋಲ '''वातचक्र''' -- a whirl wind, hasty wind -- ಬಿರುಗಾಳಿ/ ಸುಳಿಗಾಳಿ '''वातजीवी''' -- aerobic -- ಗಾಳಿಕಾತ್‌ಲ್ ಪಾರಿಕಳಿಪೊ '''वातयुक्त''' -- aerated -- ಕಾತ್ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''वातविकार''' -- ailment caused by disorder of wind -- ಕಾತ್‌ನುಂಡ್ ಆನ ಕಷ್ಟ ನಷ್ಟ '''वातहत''' -- hysteric -- ಕಾತ್‌ರ ಪುಚ್ಚಿ/ ಕಾತ್‌ರ ಚೇಷ್ಟೆ/ ಪುಚ್ಚಿರ ಗಾಳಿ, ಪಿರಾಂದ್ '''वातानुकूलन''' -- air conditioning -- ಕಾತ್‌ರ ಅನುಕೂಲತೆ '''वातापेक्षी''' -- aerobic -- ಕಾತ್ ಇಷ್ಟಪಡುವಂವ '''वातायन व्यवस्था''' -- ventilation -- ಕಾತ್‌ರ ಒಪ್ಪಕ್ ಪೋಪಕ್ಕುಳ್ಳ ಏರ್ಪಾಡ್ '''वातायान''' -- ventilator -- ಕಾತ್ ಪೋಪ ಬಪ್ಪ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''वातावरण''' -- atmosphere -- ವಾತಾವರಣ/ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ/ ಕಾತ್‌ರ ಆವರಣ/ ವಾಯುಮಂಡಲ '''वातास''' -- air-breeze -- ಮನಕೊಪ್ಪ್‌ನ ಗಾಳಿ/ ನಲ್ಲಕಾತ್ '''वातित''' -- air inflated -- ಗಾಳಿ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್, ಕಾತ್/ ದುಂಬ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟದ್ '''वातीय''' -- pertaining to air -- ಕಾತ್‌ಕ್ ಸಂಮ್ಮಂದ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''वातुल''' -- rheumatic -- ಗಂಟ್ ಗಂಟ್ ನೊಂಬಲತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕಾಯಿಲೆ, ಸಂದ್ ನೊಂಬಲ '''वातोन्माद''' -- delirium -- ಬುದ್ಧಿಭ್ರಮೆರ ಕಾಯಿಲೆ/ ಪುಚ್ಚಿಕಳಿ, ಪಿರಾಂದ್, ಸನ್ನಿ '''वात्सल्य''' -- affection -- ಆಸೆ, ಪ್ರೀತಿ '''वात्सल्य भाजन''' -- an object of affection -- ಆಸೆಕ್ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್/ ಪ್ರೀತಿಕ್ ಪಾತ್ರವಾನದ್. '''वात्सल्य भाव''' -- affectionate feeling -- ಆಸೆ ಪ್ರೀತಿನ ಕಾಟ್‌ವೊ '''वात्सल्यमय''' -- affectionate -- ಆಸೆ ಪ್ರೀತಿ ದುಂಬಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''वाद''' -- suit -- ದಾವೆ, ವ್ಯಾಜ್ಯ '''वाद-प्रतिवाद''' -- dispute, bicker -- ವಾದಿ ಪಿಂಞ ಪ್ರತಿವಾದಿ/ ಪರ ಪಿಂಞ ವಿರೋದ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವವನ್ '''वादक''' -- an instrumentalist -- ಬಾರ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವವನ್/ ಉರ್‌ಪುವವನ್ '''वादकवृंद''' -- orchestra -- ವಾದ್ಯ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಯಿಂಗಡ ಕೂಟ್ '''वादकारी''' -- a litigant -- ವ್ಯಾಜ್ಯ ಮಾಡ್‌ನವನ್ '''वादन''' -- playing of instrument -- ವಾದ್ಯ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''वादपत्र''' -- a plaint -- ವ್ಯಾಜ್ಯತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕಾಗ್‌ದ '''वादी''' -- suitor -- ವ್ಯಾಜ್ಯ ಮಾಡ್‌ನವನ್ '''वादी पक्ष''' -- plaintiff side -- ವ್ಯಾಜ್ಯ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಯಿಂಡ ಕಡೆಕಾರ/ ಪಿರಿಯಾದಿದಾರಂಗ. '''वादी स्वर''' -- dominant note -- ಮುಖ್ಯವಾನ ವಿಷಯ/ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾನ ಎಳ್‌ತ್ (ಮಾಹಿತಿ) '''वादी-प्रतिवादी''' -- plaintiff and the defendent -- ಪರ ಪಿಂಞ ವಿರೋಧ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವಯಿಂಗ, ವಾದಿ ಪ್ರತಿವಾದಿ '''वाद्य''' -- musical instrument -- ಸಂಗೀತತ್ತ್‌ರ ಉಪಕರಣ '''वाद्यवृंद''' -- orchestra -- ವಾದ್ಯ ಊದ್‌ವಯಿಂಗಡ ಕೂಟ್ '''वान''' -- a sanskrit suffix -- ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತತ್ತ್‌ರ ಅಂತ್ಯಶಬ್ದ '''वानप्रस्थ''' -- the third of fourth stage of life -- ಬದ್‌ಕ್‌ರ ನಾಲ್‌ಭಾಗತ್ತ್‌ರ ಮೂಂದನೆ ಭಾಗ , ವಾನಪ್ರಸ್ಥ '''वानप्रस्थ्य''' -- pertaining to vanaprastha -- ಬದ್‌ಕ್‌ರ ಮೂಂದನೇ ಭಾಗ, ವಾನಪ್ರಸ್ಥ '''वापस''' -- returned -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್/ ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪ '''वापस आना''' -- to return -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪೊ '''वापस करना''' -- to return -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''वापसी''' -- coming back -- ವಾಪಾಸ್ ಬಪ್ಪೊ '''वापसी किराया''' -- return fare -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪಕುಳ್ಳ ದುಡ್ಡ್ '''वापसी टिकट''' -- return ticket -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪಕುಳ್ಳ ಟಿಕೇಟ್ '''वापसी सफर''' -- return journey -- ಮರು ಪ್ರಯಾಣ/ ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪ '''वापी''' -- a deep well like water reservoir -- ಕೂವ, ಕಣತೆರೆ '''वाबस्तगी''' -- relationship -- ಬೆಂದೂರ್ತ/ ಸಂಮಂದ '''वाबैला''' -- uproar, tumult -- ಗಲಾಟೆ, ಗಲಭೆ, ಕೂತ್ ಪುಯ್ಯಲ್ '''वाम''' -- left, reverse -- ಎಡತ್ ವ್ಯತಿರಿಕ್ತ '''वामता''' -- lethism -- ವ್ಯತಿರಿಕ್ತ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''वामन''' -- a dwarf -- ಕುಳ್ಳ , ಚೆರ್ಂಗನೆ ಉಳ್ಳವನ್ '''वामपाश्र्व''' -- left flank -- ಎಡ್‌ತ್ ಬರಿಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''वामपाश्र्वता''' -- simistrality -- - ಎಡತೆಬರಿರ '''वाममार्ग''' -- the tantrik cult -- ಕೇಡ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''वाममार्गी''' -- a follower -- ಕೇಡ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''वामा''' -- a woman -- ಒರ್ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''वामाचार''' -- a tantrik cult -- ಕೆಟ್ಟಾಮೆ ಮಾಟಚಿದ್ರ '''वामावत्र्त''' -- anti clockwise -- ಎಡ್‌ತ ಬರಿಂಜಸುತ್ತ್, ವಿರೋಧಬರಿಂಜಿ '''वामावत्र्तन''' -- anticlockwise -- ಎಡ್‌ತಬರಿಂಜ ಸುತ್ಯಂಡಿಪ್ಪ, ವಿರೋಧ ದಿಕ್ಕ್ಂಜಿ ಸುತ್ತುವ '''वायदा''' -- a promise -- ಸಮಯ, ವಾಯಿದೆ, ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वायदा खिलाफ़ी''' -- breach of promise -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕ್ ತಪ್ಪ್‌ನದ್ '''वायना''' -- present of sweet meat -- - ಮಿಟಾಯಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''वायलिन''' -- violin -- ವಯಲಿನ್ '''वायव''' -- aerial -- ಏರಿಯಲ್ - (ಪರ್ಂದಾನ ಬಲ್‌ಚಿತ್ ಪುನಃ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ವ ತಂತಿ) '''वायवी''' -- north western quarter -- - ವಾಯವ್ಯದಿಕ್ಕ್ '''वायवीय''' -- aerial -- ಏರಿಯಲ್ '''वायव्य''' -- pertaining to air -- ಕಾತ್‌ಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''वायस''' -- a crow -- ಕಾಕೆ '''वायु''' -- air -- ಗಾಳಿ, ಕಾತ್ '''वायु आशय''' -- air bladder -- ಕಾತ್‌ದುಂಬ್‌ನ ಚೀಲ '''वायु बल''' -- air force -- ಕಾತ್‌ರ ಶಕ್ತಿ '''वायु वैज्ञानिक''' -- aerologist -- ಕಾತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ, ಏರ ಪಡ್‌ಚವನ್, ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ '''वायु सैनिक''' -- airforce -- ಏರ್‌ಪೋರ್‍ಸ್ '''वायुकोष्ठ''' -- air chamber -- ಕಾತ್‌ದುಂಬ್‌ನ ಕೋಂಬರೆ '''वायुदाब''' -- air pressure -- ಕಾತ್‌ರ ಶಕ್ತಿ/ ಭಾರ, ಕಾತ್‌ರ ಒತ್ತಡ '''वायुभार''' -- air pressure -- ಕಾತ್ತ್‌ರ ಭಾರ '''वायुमंडल''' -- atmosphere -- ಕಾತ್ ದುಂಬಿತುಳ್ಳ ಜಾಗ (ವಾಯು ಮಂಡಲ) '''वायुमापी''' -- barometer, acrometer -- ಕಾತ್‌ನ ಅಳತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ ಯಂತ್ರ '''वायुयान''' -- an aeroplane -- ಏರೋಪ್ಲೇನ್, ಮಿಮಾನ '''वायुरुद्ध''' -- air light -- ಕಾತ್‌ರ ಬೊಳಿ '''वायुवाहक''' -- an aircraft carrier -- ವಿಮಾನ ಯಂತ್ರ ಕೊಂಡ್ ಪೋಪದ್ '''वायुविज्ञान''' -- aerology -- ಕಾತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅರೀಪ್ ತಪ್ಪ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನತ್ತ್‌ರ ಭಾಗ '''वायुश्वासी''' -- air breather -- ಕಾತ್‌ನ ಉಸಿರಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''वायुसेना''' -- airforce -- ಏರ್‌ಪೋರ್‍ಸ್ '''वायुसेवा''' -- air service -- ಏರ್‌ಪೋರ್‍ಸ್‌ಲ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''वार''' -- an assault -- ದಾಳಿ, ಹಲ್ಲೆ, ಮೇಲೆ ಬೂವೊ, ಆಕ್ರಮಣ. '''वार करना''' -- to pierce through -- ದಾಳಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ. '''वार खाली जाना, थुकना''' -- miss the target -- ಗುರಿ ತಪ್ಪ್‌ವೊ '''वारंट''' -- warrant -- ಅಧಿಕಾರ ಪತ್ರ, ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಪತ್ರ, ವಾರಂಟ್ '''वारण''' -- wardening off -- ಪಾರಕಾಪೊ, ಎಚ್ಚರ ವಹಿಸೊ '''वारदात''' -- mishap -- ಕಷ್ಟ, ತೊಂದರೆ, ಅಪಘಾತ '''वारना''' -- to sacrifice -- ತ್ಯಾಗ, ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮಾಡ್ '''वारनिश''' -- varnish -- ವಾರ್ನಿಸ್ '''वारवधु, वनिता, विलासिनी''' -- a prostitute -- ಚೂಳೆ (ಸೂಳೆ) '''वारंवार''' -- again and again -- ಪುನಃ ಪುನಃ, ಮಾಣೆ ಮಾಣೆ '''वारा-न्यारा''' -- settlement -- ನೆಲೆ ನಿಪ್ಪೊ, ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ತೀರ್ಮಾನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ. '''वारांगना''' -- a prostitute -- ಸೂಳೆ (ಚೂಳೆ) '''वारानसी''' -- the holy city of Benaras -- ಕಾಶಿ, ವಾರಣಾಸಿ '''वाराना''' -- a persian suffix meaning 'wise' on the basis of -- - '''वाराह''' -- of or related to boar -- ಪಂದಿಕ್ ಸಂಮಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''वारि''' -- water -- ನೀರ್ '''वारिगर्भ''' -- a cloud -- ಮೋಡ '''वारिघर''' -- a cloud -- ಮೋಡ '''वारिज''' -- a lotus -- ತಾವರೆ '''वारिविहार''' -- aquatic -- ನೀರ್‌ಕ್ ಸಂಮಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟದ್, ನೀರ್‌ಲಿಪ್ಪದ್ '''वारिस''' -- successor -- ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರಿ, ವಾರಿಸ್‌ದಾರ '''वारूणी''' -- wine, liquor -- ಕಳ್ಳ್ '''वार्ड''' -- a ward -- ಕಾಪಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''वार्डन''' -- warden -- ಕಾಪಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ಪಾಲನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''वार्तमानिक''' -- pertaining to present -- ಇಕ್ಕತ್‌ರ, ವರ್ತಮಾನತ್ತ್‌ರ '''वार्ता''' -- a talk -- ಒರ್ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वार्ताकार''' -- talker -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆಯುವಂವೊ '''वार्तालाप''' -- conversation -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಬಾಕ್ '''वार्ताहर''' -- a messenger -- ಸುದ್ಧಿಕೊಂಡ ಬಪ್ಪವನ್ '''वार्त्तिक''' -- a gloss, commentary -- ವಿವರಣೆ ತಪ್ಪೊ '''वार्द्धक्य''' -- senility -- ಬಯತ್ ಕಾಲ '''वार्षिक''' -- annual -- ಕಾಲಕೊತ್ತದ್ '''वार्षिकी''' -- annuity -- ಕಾಲಪೂರ್ತಿ '''वाला''' -- suffix denoting owner -- - ಕಾರ, ಮೈಸೊರ್ ಕಾರ, ಡೆಲ್ಲಿಕಾರ '''वालिद''' -- father -- ಅಪ್ಪೊ '''वालिदैन''' -- parents -- ಅಪ್ಪ ಅವ್ವ '''वालुका''' -- sand -- ಮಣ '''वाष्प''' -- vapour -- ಆವಿ, ಹಬೆ '''वाष्पकुल''' -- tearful -- ಮೊರಡ್‌ವ, ದುಃಖಪಡ್‌ವೊ '''वाष्पमय''' -- vaporous -- ಆವಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಆವಿಆಪದ್ '''वाष्पमापी''' -- vaporimeter -- ಆವಿನ ಅಳಪ ಮೀಟರ್ '''वाष्पस्नान''' -- steam bath -- ಆವಿರ ಕುಳಿ '''वाष्पीकरण''' -- vaporisation -- ಆವಿ ಆಪೊ '''वाष्पीकृत''' -- vaporised -- ಆವಿ ಆಯಿಟದ್ '''वास''' -- habitation -- ವಾಸ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''वासना''' -- passion -- ಮೋಹ, ಕಾಮಧಿಕಾರ, ಮನೋವಿಕಾರ '''वासन्ती''' -- pertaining to spring -- ವಸಂತ ಕಾಲ '''वासर''' -- a day -- ಒರ್ ದಿನ '''वासा''' -- lodging -- ವಾಸ '''वासी''' -- a dweller -- ವಾಸ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವು '''वासुदेव''' -- an epithet of lord Krishna -- ವಾಸುದೇವ (ಕೃಷ್ಣ) '''वास्तव''' -- real, actual -- ನೇರ್, ನೇರಾನದ್ '''वास्तव में''' -- actually -- ನೇರಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''वास्तविक''' -- real, actual -- ನೇರ್, ನೇರಾನದ್ '''वास्तविकता''' -- reality -- ನೇರಾನದ್ '''वास्ता''' -- concern, connection, relation -- ಸಂಬಂಧ '''वास्ता देना''' -- to invoke in the name of -- ದೇವಳ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಬೇಡಿಯವೊ. '''वास्ता पड़ना''' -- to be concerned with -- ಸಂಮಂಧ ಪಡ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''वास्तु''' -- building -- ಕಟ್ಟಡ '''वास्तुकर्म''' -- building work -- ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಕೆಲಸ, ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಪಣಿ '''वास्तुकला''' -- architecture -- ವಾಸ್ತು ಕಲೆ '''वास्ते''' -- for the sake of -- ಅದ್ಂಗಾಯಿತ್, ಅದ್ಂಗೊತ್ತಿತ್. '''वाह''' -- appreciation -- ಹೊಗಳಿಕೆ, ಮರ್‍ಯಾದೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''वाह-वाह''' -- very good -- ವಾಹಾ ವಾಹಾ, ಪೇರ್ತ್‌ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''वाहक''' -- a carrier -- ಕೊಂಡ್ ಪೋಪವನ್ (ಸುದ್ದಿವಾಹಕ) '''वाहन''' -- vehicle -- ವಾಹನ, ಮೋಟಾರ್ ಗಾಡಿ '''वाहवाही''' -- applaud -- ಕೊಟ್ಟ್‌ವೊ, ಚಪ್ಪಾಳೆ ತಟ್ಟ್‌ವೊ '''वाहित''' -- carried -- ಕೊಂಡ್ ಪೋನದ್ '''वाहिनी''' -- an army -- ಒರ್ ಸೈನ್ಯ ಪಡೆ '''वाही''' -- suffix meaning he who carries -- - ಶಬ್ದತ್‌ರ ಆಖೀರಿಕ್ ಕೂಟಿಯವ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಯ '''वाही बकना''' -- talk irrelurant -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ತಕ್ಕ್, ಸಂಮಂಧ ಇಲ್ಲತ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वाह्य''' -- worth being carried -- ಎಡ್‌ತಂಡ್ ಪೋಪಕ್ ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾನದ್ '''वाह्येंद्रिय''' -- external organ -- ತಡಿರ ಪೊರಮೆತ್ತ್‌ರ ಭಾಗ '''वि''' -- a prefix -- ಆದ್ಯತ್ ಕೂಟ್‌ವದ್ '''विकट''' -- horrible -- ಪೋಡಿ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವದ್, ಭಯಂಕರವಾನದ್ '''विकंपन''' -- trembling, shivering -- ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪೊ, ಬೊರಪ '''विकंपित''' -- trembling -- ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪೊ '''विकय''' -- blooming -- ಬೂರ್‌ವೊ, ಅರಳ್‌ವೊ, ಬೀಂದುವೊ '''विकराल''' -- horrible -- ಭಯಂಕರವಾನದ್, ಪೋಡಿಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವದ್ '''विकर्ण''' -- diagonal -- ಮೂಲಗೆರೆ (ಕರ್ಣ ರೇಖೆ) '''विकर्षण''' -- repulsion, anti-direction -- ವಿರುದ್ಧ ದಿಕ್ಕ್ '''विकल''' -- restless, frustration -- ಅಸ್ಥಿರವಾಯಿತ್, ತಾಳ್ಮೆ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''विकलक''' -- disintegrator -- ಪುಡಿ ಪುಡಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ ಯಂತ್ರ '''विकलाना''' -- to be restless -- ತಾಳ್ಮೆ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಇಪ್ಪ '''विकलेंद्रिय''' -- crippled -- ಅಂಗ ವೂನ, ಕುಂಟ '''विकल्प''' -- an option -- ಆಯ್ಕೆ, ಇಷ್ಟ '''विकल्प जाल''' -- web of uncertainties -- ನಿಶ್ಚಯ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತ ವಿಚಾರ ಮಾಲೆ '''विकसना''' -- to bloom -- ಬೀರ್‌ವೊ '''विकसित''' -- bloomed, developed -- ಬೂಂದದ್, ಬೊಳಂದದ್ '''विकार''' -- deformation -- ಕುರೂಪ, ವಿಕೃತಿ '''विकार रूप''' -- oblique form -- ಕುರೂಪತೆ, ವಿಕೃತಿ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''विकारी''' -- changeable -- ಬದ್‌ಲಾಪೊ '''विकार्य''' -- variable -- ಬೋರೆ ಆನದ್, ಬದಲಾಪಂತದ್ '''विकाश''' -- display, expansion -- ತೊರಂದ್ ಕಾಟ್‌ವೊ, ವಿಶಾಲ '''विकास''' -- evolution, development -- ಬದಲಾವಣೆ '''विकासमान''' -- developing -- ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಆಯ್ಯೆಂಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''विकासवाद''' -- theory of evolution -- ಬದಲಾವಣೆರ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ವಿಕಾಸ ವಾದ '''विकासवादी''' -- evolutionist -- ಪರಿವರ್ತನೆಕಾರ '''विकासशील''' -- developing -- ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಆಪನ್ನತದ್, ವಿಕಾಸ ಆಪದ್ '''विकिरण''' -- radiation -- ವಿಕಿರಣ, ಕಿರಣ ಪ್ರಸಾರ '''विकिरण मापी''' -- radiometer -- ವಿಕಿರಣ ಅಳಪನ್ನತ್ತ ಯಂತ್ರ '''विकिरण विज्ञान''' -- radiology -- ವಿಕಿರಣ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ '''विकीर्ण''' -- diffused -- ಹರಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विकुंचित''' -- contracted -- ಚುರ್ಂಗ್‌ನದ್, ಕುಗ್ಗ್‌ನದ್ '''विकृत''' -- mutilated -- ಊನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಅಂಗವಿಹೀನ '''विकृत दर्शन''' -- deformed -- ವಿಕಾರವಾನದ್ '''विकृति विज्ञान''' -- pathology -- ರೋಗ ಲಕ್ಷಣಶಾಸ್ತ '''विकृति वैज्ञानिक''' -- pathologist -- ರೋಗ ಲಕ್ಷಣಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞ '''विकृतिकरण''' -- mutilation -- ಊನ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विकृष्ट''' -- repulsed -- ತಿರೀತ್ ಬಪ್ಪದ್ '''विकेट''' -- wicket -- ಗುರಿಕೋಲ್, ವಿಕೆಟ್ '''विकेट कीपर''' -- wicket keeper -- ಗುರಿಕೋಲ್‌ನ ಪಾರಕಾಪವನ್, ವಿಕೆಟ್ ಕೀಪರ್ '''विकेट गिरना''' -- a wicket to fall -- ಗುರಿಕೋಲ್ ಬೂವ '''विकेंद्रीकरण''' -- decentralisation -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ ಕೆಲಸ '''विकेंद्रीकृत''' -- decentralised -- ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಬಿಂದುಂಜಿ ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विकेन्द्रित''' -- decentralised -- ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಬಿಂದುಂಜಿ ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विक्रम''' -- heroism, valour -- ಪರಾಕ್ರಮ, ಶೂರತ್ವ '''विक्रमाब्द''' -- the Vikram era -- ವಿಕ್ರಮ ಶಕೆ, ಕಾಲತ್ತ್‌ರ ಲೆಕ್ಕಚಾರ '''विक्रमी''' -- hero -- ವೀರ '''विक्रय''' -- selling -- ಮಾರ್‌ವೊ '''विक्रय कर''' -- sales tax -- ಮಾರಾಟ ತೆರಿಗೆ '''विक्रय पत्र''' -- sale deed -- ಮಾರಾಟ ಕಾಗದ, ಸೇಲ್‌ಡೀಡ್ '''विक्रयी''' -- seller -- ಮಾರಾಟಕಾರ '''विक्रांत''' -- radiant -- ಕಾಂತಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''विक्रीत''' -- sold -- ಮಾರ್‌ನದ್ '''विक्रेता''' -- seller -- ಮಾರ್‌ವವನ್ '''विक्षत''' -- wounded -- ಗಾಯವಾನದ್ '''विक्षिप्त''' -- mad, crazy -- ಪಿರಾಂದ್, ಪುಚ್ಚ '''विक्षिप्तता''' -- bewilderment -- ಗಾಬರಿ ಪಡ್‌ತ್‌ವೊ '''विक्षुब्ध''' -- agitated -- ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ರ ಕಳವಳ '''विक्षेप''' -- deflection -- ಬಗ್ಗ್‌ವ '''विक्षेपण''' -- deflection -- ಬಗ್ಗ್‌ನದ್ '''विक्षोभ''' -- perturbation -- ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಆಪೊ '''विखंडन''' -- defragmentation -- ತುಂಡ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಚೂರ್ ಚೂರ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಚೂರಾನವ ಬಂದ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''विखंडनज''' -- fissiparous -- ತುಂಡ್ ತುಂಡ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಚೂರಾವನ ಕೂಟುವ '''विखण्डित''' -- broken -- ಪೊಳಂಜ, ಒಡ್ಂದದ್ '''विख्यात''' -- renowned -- ಕೇಳಿ ಪೋನದ್ '''विख्याति''' -- fame, name, repute -- ಕೇಳಿ '''विगठन''' -- disintegration -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ ಆಪೊ '''विगठनात्मक''' -- disintegrating -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ '''विगत''' -- past -- ಕೈಯಿಂಜಿ ಪೋನದ್ '''विगत बल''' -- rendered powerless -- ಬಲ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಆನದ್ '''विगत राग''' -- lost ot attachment -- ಸಂಮಂದ ಕಳ್ಂದವೊ '''विगति''' -- sad plight -- ಕಷ್ಟ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''विगर्हण''' -- censure -- ಆಕ್ಷೇಪಣೆ '''विगर्हणीय''' -- censurable -- ಆಕ್ಷೇಪಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವನ್ನತ್ತದ್ '''विगलन''' -- fusion -- ಕರ್‌ದದ್ '''विगलित''' -- melted away -- ಕರಿಪೋನದ್ '''विग्रह''' -- strife, quarrel -- ಜಗಳ '''विघटन''' -- disintegration -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ ಆಪೊ '''विघटनात्मक''' -- disruptive -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ ಆನದ್, ಒಡೆವೊ '''विघटित''' -- disintegrated -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ ಆನದ್ '''विघन''' -- interruption -- ವಿರಾಮ, ತಡೆ ಮಾಡ್, ಮಧ್ಯತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರಿವೊ '''विघन विनाशक''' -- one who counters obstruction -- ಅಡ್ಡ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವವನ, ತಡ್‌ಪವನ್ '''विघनकर्ता''' -- one who obstructs -- ಮಧ್ಯ ಬಾಯಿ ಇಡ್‌ವವನ್, ಅಡ್ಡ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವವನ್ '''विचकित''' -- flabbergasted -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯಚಕಿತ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विचक्षण''' -- far sighted -- ತೀಕ್ಷ್ಣ ಕಾಂಬೊ, ದೂರ ದೃಷ್ಟಿರ '''विचरण''' -- wandering -- ಸುತ್ತಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ತಿರ್‌ಗುವ '''विचल''' -- unsteady -- ಚಂಚಲ '''विचलता''' -- deviation -- ಬೋರೆ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಸುತ್ತಿಬಳ್‌ಸಿ '''विचलन''' -- unsteady -- ಚಂಚಲವಾನದ್ '''विचलित''' -- restless, nervous -- ಗಾಬರಿ '''विचार''' -- thought, view -- ಗೇನ, ವಿಚಾರ '''विचार गोष्ठी''' -- a seminar -- ಚರ್ಚಾಕೂಟ, ಪಡಿಪುಕಾರಡ ಕೂಟ '''विचारक''' -- thinker -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''विचारकर्ता''' -- one who contemplates -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''विचारण''' -- thinking -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विचारणा''' -- thought -- ಗೇನ '''विचारणीय''' -- worth thinking -- ನಲ್ಲ ಗೇನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''विचारधारा''' -- ideology -- (ವಿಚಾರದಾರೆ) ಗೇನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ ರೀತಿ '''विचारमूढ़''' -- stupid -- ಮೂರ್ಖ, ಬುದ್ಧಿಗೇಡಿ '''विचारविमर्श''' -- discussion -- ವಿಷಯತ್ತ್‌ನ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विचारशक्ति''' -- thinking power -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ ಶಕ್ತಿ, ತಾಕತ್ '''विचारस्वातंत्र्य''' -- freedom of thought -- ಗೇನಮಾಡ್‌ವಕ್‌ವುಳ್ಳ ಅಧಿಕಾರ '''विचारित''' -- considered -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विचिकित्सा''' -- scepticism -- ಸಂಶಯ ಪಡ್‌ವೊ '''विचित्र''' -- strange -- ವಿಚಿತ್ರ, ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯಪಡುವನ್ನತ '''विचित्रता''' -- strangerness -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ '''विच्छित्ति''' -- dissection -- ಮುರಿಪೊ, ತಡಿನ ಮುರಿಪ '''विच्छिन्न''' -- isolated -- ಪೊರಂಬಡಿ, ಒಬ್ಬಂಟಿಗ, ತೆರ್ಪ ಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''विच्छिन्नता''' -- isolatedness -- ಪೊರಂಬಡಿ ಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''विच्छेद''' -- division -- ವಿಭಾಗ '''विच्छेदक''' -- breaching -- ಒಡಂದದ್, ಬಿರ್‌ಕಾನದ್, ಕಾನೂನ್ ಮಿರುವ '''विच्छेदनीय''' -- that can be divided -- ಬಿರ್‌ಕಾಪನ್ನತ್ತದ್, ಒಡಪನ್ನತದ್ '''विच्छेदी''' -- disintegrator -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''विछोह''' -- separation -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विजड़ित''' -- shinned -- ಮೊಣಕಾಲ್‌ರ ಕ್ದ್ಯತ ಎಲ್ಂಬ್ '''विजन''' -- solitary -- ಒಬ್ಬನೇ, ಏಕಾಂಗಿ '''विजनता''' -- loneliness, secluded -- ಏಕಾಂಗಿತನ '''विजय''' -- victory, conquest -- ಜಯ, ಗೆಲ್‌ವು '''विजयदुंदुभि''' -- triumphal drum beating -- ಜಯಭೇರಿ '''विजयदेवी''' -- goddess of victory -- ಜಯದೇವತೆ '''विजयध्वज''' -- victory banner -- ವಿಜಯಬಾವುಟ '''विजययात्रा''' -- victory march -- ವಿಜಯ ಮೆರವಣಿಗೆ '''विजयलक्ष्मी''' -- goddess of victory -- ವಿಜಯಲಕ್ಷಿ '''विजयसिद्धि''' -- conquest -- ಗೆಲ್ಲ್‌ವೊ '''विजयोत्सव''' -- festival to celebrate victory -- ವಿಜಯೋತ್ಸವ '''विजाति''' -- another caste -- ಇಂಞೋರ್ ಜಾತಿ, ಪರ ಜಾತಿ '''विजातीय''' -- of different caste -- ಬೋರೆ ಜಾತಿರ '''विजित''' -- conquered, vanquish -- ಗೆದ್ದವನ್, ಗೆದ್ದದ್ '''विजेता''' -- conqueror -- ಗೆದ್ದಂವ '''विज्जु''' -- lightning -- ತೆಡ್‌ಮಿನ್ನ್‌ವೊ '''विज्ञ''' -- learned -- ಪಡಿಪು ಉಳ್ಳಂವೊ '''विज्ञता''' -- knowledgeability -- ದುಂಬ ಪಡಿಪದ್ '''विज्ञप्ति''' -- a communique -- ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ '''विज्ञाजन''' -- the learned -- ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ '''विज्ञात''' -- well known -- ಚಾಯತೆ ಗೊತ್ತ್ ಉಳ್ಳವೊ '''विज्ञान''' -- science -- ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ '''विज्ञानकोश''' -- the intelligence sheath -- ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಕೋಶ '''विज्ञानमय''' -- scientific -- ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಕ್ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್, ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ '''विज्ञानवाद''' -- idealism -- ಕ್ರಮಬದ್ದತಕ್ಕ್ '''विज्ञानवादी''' -- idealist -- ಕ್ರಮಬದ್ದತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವವನ್, ಆದರ್ಶವಾದಿ '''विज्ञानी''' -- scientist -- ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿ '''विज्ञापक''' -- advertiser -- ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''विज्ञापन''' -- an advertisement -- ಪ್ರಚಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ '''विज्ञापनदर''' -- advertisement rate -- ಪ್ರಚಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೋ ಬೆಲೆ, ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆರ ಕ್ರಯ '''विज्ञापनदाता''' -- advertises -- ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''विज्ञेय''' -- comprehending -- ಅರ್ಂಜವೊ '''विटप''' -- tree -- ಮರ '''विटामिन''' -- vitamin -- ಜೀವಸತ್ವ '''विडंबन''' -- mimicry -- ಚೇಷ್ಠೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಅಣಕ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ '''विडंबन''' -- anomaly, mockery -- ಪರಿಹಾಸ್ಯ '''विडंबन काव्य''' -- a parody, burlesque -- ಕಾವ್ಯ ಪ್ರಹಸನ '''विडाल''' -- a he cat -- ಮೊಳಿಯ, ಕಂಡಪೂಂಞೆ '''वितंडा''' -- reverse argument -- ವಿತ್ತಂಡ ವಾದ, ತಿರ್‌ಕಿಮರ್‌ಚಿವಾದ '''वितंडा खड़ा करना''' -- to raise, ungainly controversy -- ಮುಂಡತೆ ಜಗಳ ಉಂಟ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''वितंडावाद''' -- ungainly controversy, quarrel -- ಲಾಭ ಇಲ್ಲತ ಜಗಳ, ಮುಂಡತೆ ಜಗಳ '''वितत''' -- spread out -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ, ಪಬ್ಬ್‌ಚಿರುವ '''वितथ''' -- false, fake -- ಮುಂಡತೆ ಉಂಟ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಪೊಟ್ಟ್ '''वितरण''' -- distribution -- ಹಂಚ್‌ವೊ '''वितरण व्यवस्था''' -- distribution system -- ಹಂಚ್‌ವೊ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ '''वितरित''' -- distributed -- ಹಂಚ್‌ನದ್ '''वितर्क''' -- discussion -- ಚರ್ಚೆ '''वितल''' -- an abyss -- ಪಾತಾಳ '''वितस्ति''' -- a hand span -- ಕೈ ಅಗಲ '''विताड्न''' -- rebuke, reproach -- ಅಲ್ಲಗಳೆವೊ, ಬೊತ್ತ್‌ಚಿರುವ '''वितान''' -- canopy -- ಮೇಲೆ ಕಟ್ಟ್‌ವದ್, ಮೇಕಟ್ಟ್ '''वितृप्त''' -- well satisfied -- ದುಂಬ ತೃಪ್ತಿ ಆನದ್ '''वितृष्णा''' -- repulsion -- ಅಪ್ರಿಯತೆ '''वितृष्णाजनक''' -- repulsive, disgusting -- ಅಲ್ಲಕಳೆವನ್ನಕೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''वितैषणा''' -- greed for wealth -- ಅತ್ಯಾಸೆ, ದುರಾಸೆ '''वित्त''' -- wealth, finance -- ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯ, ಪಣಕಾಸ್ '''वित्त कार्य''' -- financial affair -- ಪಣ ಕಾಸ್ ಸಂಮಂಧ '''वित्त मन्त्रालय''' -- finance ministry -- ಪಣ ಕಾಸ್‌ರ ಮಂತ್ರಿ ಮಂಡಲ '''वित्त विधेयक''' -- finance bill -- ಪಣ ಕಾಸ್‌ರ ಮಸೂದೆ '''वित्त विशेषज्ञ''' -- financial expert -- ಪಣ ಕಾಸ್‌ರ ಅರಿವಿಕೆಯುಳ್ಳವನ್ '''वित्त संचय''' -- accumulation of wealth -- ಪಣ ಕಾಸ್ ಕೊಟಿ ಬೆಚ್ಚವ '''वित्त सचिव''' -- finance secretary -- ಪಣ ಕಾಸ್‌ರ ಕಾರ್ಯದರ್ಶಿ '''वित्त साधन''' -- financial resources -- ಪಣ ಕಾಸ್‌ರ ಮೂಲ '''वित्तदाता''' -- financer -- ಪಣ ಕಾಸ್ ತಪ್ಪವನ್ '''वित्तप्रबन्ध''' -- financing -- ಪಣ ಕಾಸ್‌ರ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ '''वित्तहीन''' -- poor -- ಗರೀಬ '''वित्तीय''' -- financial -- ಪಣ ಕಾಸ್ '''वित्तीर्ण''' -- remote, distant -- ಪೇರ್ತ್‌ದೂರತ್ತ್‌ಲ್ '''विथकित''' -- fatigued -- ಆಯಾಸ ಪಡ್‌ವೊ, ಸೋತ್‌ಪೋನದ್ '''विथराना''' -- to scatter -- ಹರಡ್‌ವೊ, ಪರತುವ '''विदग्ध''' -- witty -- ತಮಾಷೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''विदरण''' -- burdting, cleavage -- ಒಡಪ ರೀತಿ '''विदर्भ''' -- ancient name for modern Berar -- ವಿದರ್ಭ, ಬಿರಾರ್‌ಡ ಪಂಡೇತ ಪೆದ '''विदलन''' -- tearing -- ಕೀತುವ '''विदा''' -- taking leave -- ವಿದಾಯ, ಬುಟ್ಟಿತ್ ಪೋಪೊ '''विदा करना''' -- to bid farewell -- ಅಯಿಚಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''विदा लेना''' -- to take leave -- ಎಣ್ಣಿತ್ ಪೋಪೊ '''विदा होना''' -- to depart -- ಬುಟ್ಟ್ ಪೋಪೊ '''विदाई''' -- farewell -- ಅಯಿಚಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''विदारण''' -- laceration -- ಕೀತ್‌ವೊ '''विदारना''' -- to tear -- ಕೀತ್‌ವೊ '''विदित''' -- known -- ಗೊತ್ತ್‌ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಪಡಿಪ್ '''विदीर्ण''' -- lacerate -- ಕೀತಿರ್‌ವೊ '''विंदु''' -- a dot, speck, spot -- ಒರ್ ತುಳಿ, ಕಲೆ, ಚುಕ್ಕೆ '''विदुषी''' -- learned woman -- ಪಡಿಪುಳ್ಳ ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್ '''विदूषक''' -- jester, buffoon -- ತಮಾಷಿಕಾರ, ವಿದೂಷಕ, ಹಾಸ್ಯಕಾರ '''विदूषित''' -- polluted -- ಮಲೀನ ಆನದ್ '''विदेश''' -- foreign land -- ಪರದೇಶ '''विदेश गमन''' -- migration -- ಒರ್ ಜಾಗತಿಂಜ ಬೋರೆ ಜಾಗಕ್ಕ್ ಪೋಪೊ (ವಲಸೆ ಹೋಗು) '''विदेश नीति''' -- foreign policy -- ಪರದೇಶ ನೀತಿ '''विदेश मन्त्रालय''' -- ministry of external affairs -- ಪರದೇಶತ್ತ್‌ರ ಮಂತ್ರಿಮಂಡಲ '''विदेश मन्त्री''' -- foreign minister -- ಪರದೇಶ ವ್ಯವಹಾರತ್‌ರ ಮಂತ್ರಿ '''विदेश व्यापार''' -- foreign trade -- ಪರದೇಶ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ '''विदेशी''' -- foreign -- ಪರದೇಶ '''विदेशी मुद्रा''' -- foreign currency -- ಪರದೇಶತ್ತ್‌ರ ಪಣ '''विदेशीय''' -- foreign alien -- ಪರದೇಶತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕೂಡವುಳ್ಳ ಹೊಂದಾಣಿಕೆ '''विदेह''' -- incorporeal -- ತಡಿ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''विदेहत्त्व''' -- bodilessness -- ತಡಿ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಇಪ್ಪದ್ '''विद्ध''' -- pierced -- ಕುತ್ತ್‌ವೊ, ಕುತ್ತ್‌ನದ್ '''विद्यमान''' -- present -- ಇಕ್ಕತ್ತ್‌ರ, ಇಂದೇತ್ತ್‌ರ '''विद्या''' -- learning, knowledge -- ಪಡಿಪ್, ಜ್ಞಾನ '''विद्या झूटी पड़ना''' -- skill to rpice and no avail -- ಪಡಿಪ್‌ರ ಫಲ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಆಪೊ '''विद्याकर्म''' -- the study of science -- ವಿಜ್ಞಾನತ್ತ್‌ರ ಪಡಿಪ್, ಓದ್‌ಗಾರಿಕೆ '''विद्यादान''' -- teaching -- ಎಳ್‌ತ್ ಪಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ, ವಿದ್ಯಾದಾನ '''विद्यादेवी''' -- goddess of learning -- ವಿದ್ಯತ್ತ್‌ರ ದೇವತೆ, ಸರಸ್ವತಿ '''विद्यापरिषद्''' -- academic council -- ವಿದ್ಯಾಸಂಸ್ಥೆ, ಪಡಿಪ್‌ರ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ '''विद्यापीठ''' -- centre of learning, higher education -- ವಿದ್ಯೆ ಪಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ ಕೇಂದ್ರ '''विद्याभिमान''' -- pride of learning -- ಎಳ್‌ತ್ತ್‌ರ ಅಭಿಮಾನಿ '''विद्याभ्यास''' -- study, research, acquisition of knowledge -- ಎಳ್‌ತ್‌ಪಡಿಪೊ '''विद्यारंभ''' -- commencement of education -- ಎಳ್‌ತ್ತ್‌ರ ಆರಂಭ, ಎಳ್‌ತ್ತ್‌ರ ಆದ್ಯ. '''विद्यार्जन''' -- study, acquisition of knowledge, rescends -- ವಿದ್ಯಪಡಿಪೊ, ವಿದ್ಯಸಂಪಾದನೆ '''विद्यार्थी''' -- a student -- ವಿದ್ಯೆ ಪಡಿಪವನ್, ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ '''विद्यालय''' -- a school -- ವಿದ್ಯೆ ಪಡಿಪೊ ಜಾಗ, ಸ್ಕೂಲ್ '''विद्यालाभ''' -- acquisition of knowledge -- ಪಡಿಪ್‌ರ ಲಾಭ '''विद्याविहीन''' -- illiterate, ignorant, uneducated -- ಎಳ್‌ತ್ತ್ ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತವನ್ '''विद्याव्यसनी''' -- addicted to learning -- ಪಡಿಪ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ದುಂಬಾ ಕಾತರ ಉಳ್ಳವನ್ '''विद्युत''' -- electricity -- ವಿದ್ಯುಚ್ಛಕ್ತಿ '''विद्युत अपघटन''' -- electrolysis -- ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ತ್‌ರ ಅಪಾಯ '''विद्युत विशेषज्ञ''' -- an electrician -- ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ '''विद्युतिकरण''' -- electrification, rouse, dazzle -- ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ಜೋಡಣೆ '''विद्युत्-चुम्बक''' -- electro magnet -- ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ಅಯಸ್ಕಾಂತ, ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ಚುಂಬಕ '''विद्योचित''' -- academic -- ಪಡಿಪ್‌ರ, ಪಾಂಡಿತ್ಯತ್ತ್‌ರ '''विद्योपार्जन''' -- study -- ಓದ್‌ವೊ, ಎಳ್‌ತ್‌ಪಡಿಪೊ '''विद्रुप''' -- coral -- ಹವಳ, ಪಳುವ, ಪವಳ '''विद्रुपकाव्य''' -- a parody, sense, humour -- ತಮಾಷಿರ ಕಾವ್ಯ '''विद्रोह''' -- uprising, revolt -- ಗಲಾಟೆ, ದಂಗೆ, ತಿರಿತ್‌ಬೂವ '''विद्रोह करना''' -- to revolt, uprising, disorder -- ಗಲಾಟೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ತಿರಿತ್ ಬೂವ '''विद्रोह का झंडा उठाना''' -- to rise in revolt, disorder, putsch -- ದೊಂಬಿ -ಗಲಾಟೆ ಸುರು ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विद्रोही''' -- a rebel, insurgent, traitor -- ಉರ್ತಮಾರಿ, ದಂಗೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನಯಿಂಗ '''विद्वज्जन''' -- learned -- ಪಂಡಿತ, ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಗಾರ '''विद्वत्ता''' -- scholarship, learning -- ಪಡಿಪ್ '''विद्वान''' -- a scholar -- ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ '''विद्वेष''' -- rancour -- ಶತ್ರುತ್ವ, ವೈರತ್ವ '''विद्वेषी''' -- malicious, spiteful, malevolent -- ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ಲ್ ಶತ್ರುತ್ವ ದುಂಬ್‌ನವೊ '''विधना''' -- providence -- ಮುನ್ನೆಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ, ದೇವಡ ದಯೆ '''विधर्म''' -- non conformist religion -- ಬೋರೆ ಧರ್ಮ, ಧರ್ಮ ಅಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್, ನಾಸ್ತಿಕ '''विधर्मी''' -- heretic, backslider, skeptic -- ಧರ್ಮಕ್ ಒತ್ತ್‌ಬೂವತ್ತದ್ '''विधवा''' -- widow -- ಒಡಿಯ ಚತ್ತವ ಮುಂಡೆ '''विधवा विवाह''' -- widow remarriage -- ಮುಂಡೆಕ್ ಮಂಗಲ, ವಡಿಯ ಚತ್ತವಕ್ ಮಂಗಲ '''विधवाश्रम''' -- house for widows -- ಮುಂಡೆಯ ಇಪ್ಪ ಆಶ್ರಮ/ ಜಾಗ, ವಿಧವಾಶ್ರಮ '''विधा''' -- genre, form -- ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯತ್ತ್‌ರ ಮಾದರಿ '''विधाता''' -- creator -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವವೊ, ಉಂಟ್‌ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ (ದೇವ) '''विधाता का वरदान''' -- a divine gift -- ದೇವಡ ದಯೆ '''विधान''' -- legislation -- ವಿಧಾನ, ಕಾನೂನ್‌ಕಾಯಿದೆ '''विधान का लेख''' -- destiny, fate, future -- ಹಣೆಬರ, ಅದೃಷ್ಟ '''विधान परिषद्''' -- legislative council -- ವಿಧಾನ ಪರಿಷತ್ತ್ '''विधानज्ञ''' -- legislative expert -- ಕಾನೂನ್ ತಜ್ಞ, ಕಾನೂನ್ ಪಡ್‌ಚಂವೊ '''विधानमण्डल''' -- legislative -- ವಿಧಾನ ಮಂಡಲ '''विधानसभा''' -- legislative assembly -- ವಿಧಾನ ಸಭೆ '''विधायक''' -- legislator -- ಶಾಸಕ '''विधायन''' -- law making -- ಕಾನೂನ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विधायिका''' -- legislature -- ಶಾಸನ ಸಭೆ '''विधायी''' -- legislative -- ಶಾಸನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''विधायी कार्य''' -- legislative function -- ವಿಧಾನ ಸಭೆರ ಕೆಲಸ್ '''विधायी शक्ति''' -- legislative power -- ವಿಧಾನ ಸಭೆರ ಅಧಿಕಾರ '''विधि''' -- law -- ಕಾನೂನ್ '''विधि का विधान''' -- writ of destiny, fate -- ಹಣೆಬರಹ, ಅದೃಷ್ಟ ಎಳ್‌ತ್ '''विधि की विडम्बन''' -- irony of fate -- ಹಣೆಬರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಪರಿಹಾಸ್ಯ, ವಿಧಿರಕಳಿ '''विधि निषेध''' -- do's and dont's -- ಮಾಡ್ ಪಿಂಞ ಮಾಡತ್ತಿರ್, ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್ ಪಿಂಞ ಮಾಡತ್ತಿಪ್ಪದ್, ನಲ್ಲದ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟದ್ '''विधि विपरीत होना''' -- to be ill fated -- ಪಾಳಾನ ಹಣೆಬರ, ದೆಸೆಪಾಳಾನ '''विधि विपर्यय''' -- providential adversity, disaster, misery -- ದುಃಖ, ದುಂಬಾ ತೊಂದರೆ, ದುರಾದೃಷ್ಟ '''विधि से''' -- methodically -- ವಿಧಿವತ್ತಾಯಿತ್ '''विधिक''' -- legal, in accordance -- ಕಾನೂನ್ ಪ್ರಕಾರ '''विधिकर्ता''' -- legislator, law given -- ಕಾನೂನ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಂವ '''विधिज्ञ''' -- lawyer -- ವಾದ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ (ಲಾಯರ್) '''विधित''' -- define, judicial decision -- ನ್ಯಾಯ ತೀರ್ಮಾನ, ಬಿದಿಚದ್ '''विधिपूर्वक''' -- duly -- ಕಾನೂನು ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ನ್ಯಾಯ ಪ್ರಕಾರ '''विधिमान्य''' -- valid, substantial, cogent -- ಕಾನೂನ್ ಪ್ರಕಾರ '''विधिमिलना''' -- to confirm the horoscope -- ಜಾತಕ ಜೋಡಣೆ '''विधिवक्ता''' -- barrister at law -- ವಿಶೇಷ ಕಾನೂನ್ ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ '''विधिवत्''' -- methodically, precise, orderly -- ಕಾನೂನ್ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಸರಿಯಾನ ರೀತಿಲ್ '''विधिवर्ग''' -- the bar -- ವಕೀಲಂಗಡ ಸಂಘ '''विधिवश''' -- by providence -- ಮುಂಜಾಗ್ರತಲ್, ದೇವಡ ದಯತ್ '''विधिविरुद्ध''' -- unlawful, illicit, natural -- ಕಾನೂನ್ ಬಾಹಿರ, ನೀತಿ ನಿಯಮಕ್ ಮೀರತ್ '''विधिविहित''' -- ordained by law -- ವಿಧಿ ಪ್ರಕಾರ '''विधिवेत्ता''' -- jurist, as a judge, lawyer -- ತೀರ್ಪ್‌ಗಾರ, ನ್ಯಾಯಾದೀಶ, ಲಾಯರ್ '''विधिशास्त्री''' -- jurisprudence -- ವ್ಯವಹಾರ ತಂತ್ರ, ವ್ಯವಹಾರ ಉಪಾಯ '''विधिसंगत''' -- legitimate -- ನ್ಯಾಯವಾನದ್ '''विधिहीन''' -- lawless -- ಕಾನೂನ್ ಬಾಹಿರ '''विधु''' -- the moon -- ಚಂದ್ರ, ಚಣ್ಣೂರ '''विधुमुखी''' -- pretty faced -- ಚಾಯಿ ಮೂಡ್, ಚಾಯಿ ಮೂಡ್‌ಳ್ಳದ್ '''विधुर''' -- widower -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಚತ್ತವನ್ (ವಿದುರ) '''विधूम''' -- smokeless -- ಪೊಗೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''विधेय''' -- that which can be legislated -- ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಂತದ್, ವಿಧಿ/ಕಾನೂನ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''विधेयक''' -- bill -- ವಿಧೇಯಕ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಕಾನೂನ್, ಕರಡು ಮಸೂದೆ '''विंध्य''' -- mountain range dividing north and south India -- ಇಂಡಿಯತ್‌ನ ಬಡಕ್ ಪಿಂಞ ತೆಕ್ಕ್ಂದ್ ಭಾಗ ಮಾಡ್‌ನಕುಂದ್, ವಿಂಧ್ಯಾ ಪರ್ವತ '''विंध्याचल''' -- Vindhyachal -- ವಿಂಧ್ಯ ಪರ್ವತ '''विध्यात्मक''' -- positive -- ನಲ್ಲ ರೀತಿಯದ್ '''विध्यात्मक निषेधात्मक''' -- positive & negative -- ನಲ್ಲ ರೀತಿಡ ಪಿಂಞ ಕೆಟ್ಟ ರೀತಿಡ '''विध्वंश''' -- destruction -- ನಾಶ '''विध्वंशक''' -- destructive -- ನಾಶ ಪಡ್‌ತ್‌ವೊ '''विध्वंशकर्ता''' -- destroyer -- ನಾಶ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್/ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''विध्वंशका बीज बोना''' -- to sow the seed of destruction -- ನಾಶತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬೀಜ ಬಿತ್ತ್‌ವವನ್, ನಾಶತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विध्वंशी''' -- destroyer -- ನಾಶ ಪಡ್‌ತ್‌ವವನ್ '''विध्वस्त''' -- destroyed -- ನಾಶ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विनत''' -- bowing, humble -- ಮಂಡೆ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಚಿಡ್‌ವವೊ, ತಾಂದ್ ನಡಪ '''विनती''' -- prayer, request -- ಬೋಡ್‌ವೊ, ಬೇಡಿಕೆ '''विनम्र''' -- humble, submissive, unassuming -- ವಿನಯದುಂಬಿತ್ '''विनम्रता''' -- humbleness, submissive, polite -- ವಿನಯ ವರ್ತನೆ '''विनय''' -- modesty, humble, politeness -- ವಿನಯ '''विनयशील''' -- modest -- ವಿನಯ ದುಂಬ್‌ನ '''विनयी''' -- modest, polite, humble -- ವಿನಯ ಉಳ್ಳವನ್ '''विनश्वर''' -- perishable -- ನಾಶ ಆಪನ್ನತ್ತದ್ '''विनश्वरता''' -- perishability -- ನಾಶ ಆಪದ್ '''विनष्ट''' -- perished -- ನಾಶ ಆನದ್ '''विनष्ट दृष्टि''' -- turned blind -- ಕಂಡಿತು ಕಾಂಗತನ್ನಕೆ ಇಪ್ಪದ್ '''विनष्टधर्म''' -- fallen from duty -- ಧರ್ಮ ಬುಟ್ಟ್ ಕಳಿಪದ್ '''विना''' -- without -- ಅಲ್ಲತೆ, ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''विना शर्त''' -- unconditional, unqualified, complete -- ಒರೂ ನಿರ್ಬಂಧ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''विनायक''' -- the god Ganesh -- ವಿನಾಯಕ, ಗಣಪತಿ, ಗಣೇಶ '''विनाश''' -- destruction -- ನಾಶ '''विनाश काले विपरीत बुद्धि''' -- whom God would destroy -- (ವಿನಾಶ ಕಾಲೇ ವಿಪರೀತ ಬುದ್ಧಿ) ಚಾವಕಾಲಕ್ ವಿಪರೀತ ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''विनाशक''' -- destructive -- ನಾಶ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विनाशधर्मी''' -- perishable, transient -- ನಾಶ ಆಪದ್, ನಶ್ವರ '''विनाशी''' -- destructive -- ನಾಶ ಪಡ್‌ತ್‌ವೊ '''विनाशोन्मुख''' -- heading towards disaster -- ನಾಶ ಪಡ್‌ತ್ತೊಕ್ ಪೊರಟವೊ '''विनिधान''' -- allocation -- ಹಂಚ್‌ವೊ, ಪಾಲ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विनिमय''' -- exchange, interchange, trade -- ಪಾಚಪಣೆ '''विनिमेयता''' -- exchangeability, capable of exchange -- ಪಾಚಪಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್ '''विनियन्त्रण''' -- decontrol, to remove control, lifting of control -- ನಿರ್ಬಂಧ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''विनियम''' -- disposition, regulation, direction -- ಪಾಚಪಣೆ '''विनियुक्त''' -- appropriated, suitable, befitting -- ಸರಿಯಾನದ್ '''विनियोग''' -- appropriation -- ಸರಿಯಾಯಿತ್ ಹಂಚ್‌ವೊ/ ಪಾಲ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विनियोजन''' -- process of appropriation -- ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥಿತ ಪಾಲ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विनियोजित''' -- appropriated -- ಪಾಲ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್/ ಹಂಚ್‌ನದ್ '''विनिर्णय''' -- adjudgement -- ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಜೋಡಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ತೀರ್ಮಾನ '''विनिर्णायक''' -- an adjudicator -- ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ತೀರ್ಪುಗಾರ '''विनिर्णीत''' -- adjudged -- ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ತೀರ್ಮಾನ ಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್ '''विनिर्देश''' -- specification, requirement, condition -- ಮಾಡಂಡ್ಯ ರೀತಿಲ್, ನಿಶ್ಚಿತ ರೀತಿಲ್ '''विनिर्माण''' -- manufacture -- ತಯಾರ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विनिर्माण संस्था''' -- manufacturing concern -- ತಯಾರ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ '''विनिर्माता''' -- manufacturer -- ತಯಾರ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''विनिर्मित''' -- manufactured -- ತಯಾರ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विनिवंध''' -- monograph -- ಒರೇ ವಿಚಾರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಗ್ರಂಥ '''विनिहित''' -- allocated -- ಗೊತ್ತ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಹಂಚ್‌ವಿಕೆ '''विनीत''' -- humble, submissive, meek -- ವಿನಯ, ಸಾಧು, ಪಾಪತ್‌ರಂವ '''विनोद''' -- humour -- ತಮಾಷಿ '''विनोदप्रिय''' -- humorous -- ತಮಾಷಿ ಇಷ್ಟವುಳ್ಳವನ್ '''विनोदशील''' -- jovial, merry, mirthful -- ತಮಾಷಿ ಗುಣಕಾರ, ತಮಾಷಿಕಾರ '''विनोदी''' -- jocular, jolly -- ತಮಾಷೆಕಾರ '''विनोदी स्वभाव''' -- witty -- ತಮಾಷೆರ ಗುಣ '''विन्यस्त''' -- arranged -- ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विन्यास''' -- structure -- ಮಾದರಿ, ರಚನೆ '''विन्यासदर्शी''' -- a stereoscope -- ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮದರ್ಶಕ ಯಂತ್ರ '''विपक्ष''' -- opposition -- ವಿರೋಧ ಪಕ್ಷ '''विपक्ष भाव''' -- hostility, amimosity, animus -- ವಿರೋಧ ಗುಣ, ಶತ್ರುತ್ವ, ವೈರತ್ವ. '''विपंची''' -- a typical lyre -- ವೀಣೆರನ್ನತ ಬಗ್ಗ್‌ನದ್, ವಿಶೇಷ ಮಾದರಿರವೀಣೆ '''विपटित''' -- form, uprooted -- ಉಲ್ಟ ಪುಲ್ಟ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಮಂಡೆ ಅಡಿಕ್ ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विपण''' -- market -- ಚತ್ತೆ '''विपणन''' -- marketing -- ಚತ್ತೆ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ '''विपणि''' -- a shop -- ಒರ್ ಅಂಗಡಿ '''विपण्य''' -- marketable -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್, ಮಾರುವಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''विपत्कर''' -- troublesome, arduous -- ಕಷ್ಟ ನಷ್ಟ ಆಪದ್, ತೊಂದರೆ ತಪ್ಪನ್ನತದ್ '''विपत्काल''' -- hard days, arduous -- ಕಷ್ಟಕಾಲ, ತೊಂದರೆಡ ಕಾಲ '''विपत्ति''' -- distress, agony -- ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ರ ದುಃಖ, ಕಷ್ಟ, ಗೋಳಾಡ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ '''विपत्तिकर''' -- causing hardship -- ತೊಂದರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ಕ್ ದುಃಖ ತಪ್ಪೊ '''विपत्तिकाल''' -- bad time -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಕಾಲ, ಕಷ್ಟ ಕಾಲ '''विपत्र''' -- bill -- ಬಿಲ್ಲ್, ರಶೀದಿ, ಕ್ರಯ ಕಾಗ್‌ದ '''विपथ''' -- wrong course -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''विपथगामी''' -- an aberrant -- ನೀತಿ ಕೆಟ್ಟದ್ '''विपदग्रस्त''' -- afflicted -- ತೊಂದರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್ '''विपन्न''' -- distressed -- ದುಃಖತ್ತ್‌ರ ಮನ ಕಷ್ಟ ದುಂಬ್‌ನ, ಮನಸ್ಸ್ ನೊಂಬಲ '''विपरीत''' -- opposite -- ವಿರೋಧ, ಎದ್‌ರ್, ಎದ್‌ರ್ - ಬದ್‌ರಾಯಿತ್ '''विपरीत गति''' -- opposite direction -- ವಿರೋಧ ವಾನದಿಕ್ಕ್ '''विपरीत बुद्धि''' -- mentally aberrant -- ತಲೆಹರಟೆ, ನೀತಿ ಕೊರುವಾನ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''विपरीत रति''' -- a typical copulative posture where the woman assumes active role -- ದುಂಬಾ ಕಾಮದುಂಬಿತ್‌ಕಳಿಪೊ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್, ಕೊಣ್‌ಚಿಕಳಿ '''विपरीतता''' -- antithesis -- ವಿರೋಧ ರೀತಿ, ವಿರೋಧ ನೀತಿ '''विपरीतार्थ''' -- antonyms -- ವಿರೋಧ ಅರ್ಥತಪ್ಪನ್ನತ್ತದ್ '''विपर्यय''' -- transposition -- ಅದ್‌ಲ್ ಬದಲ್, ಅಪ್ಪರಿಪ್ಪರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विपर्यय स्थिति''' -- perpetual -- ಶಾಶ್ವತವಾನ, ನಿರಂತರ '''विपर्यस्त''' -- disturbed -- ಕಲಂಗಿ ಪೋನದ್, ಅಲ್ಲೋಲ ಕಲ್ಲೋಲವಾನದ್ '''विपर्याय''' -- an antonym -- ವಿರೋಧ ಅರ್ಥತ್ತಪ್ಪನ್ನತದ್ '''विपर्यास''' -- upsetting -- ಕಲಂಗ್‌ನ ಮನಸ್ಸ್, ಪಿಕೀರಿ ಮನ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''विपल''' -- one sixth of part of a second -- ಸೆಕೆಂಡ್‌ರ ೧/೬ ಭಾಗ '''विपाक''' -- result -- ಸಿದ್ದಿ, ಪಲ, ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ '''विपाटन''' -- uprooting -- ಅಡಿನ ಮೇಲೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विपिन''' -- jungle, forest -- ಕಾಡ್ '''विपिन विहारी''' -- an epithet of lord Krishna -- ಕಾಡ್‌ಲ್ ಸುತ್ತಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''विपिनचर''' -- forest faring -- ಕಾಡ್ ಸುತ್ತ್‌ವೊ '''विपुत्र''' -- having no son -- ಮೋಂವ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ, ಕ್‌ಣ್ಣಮಕ್ಕ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''विपुल''' -- abundant, large -- ಬಲ್ಯದ್, ದುಂಬಾ '''विप्र''' -- a brahman -- ಪಟ್ಟ '''विप्रति''' -- divergence -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ ತಪ್ಪ್‌ವೊ, ಬಟ್ಟೆ ತಪ್ಪಿ ಪೋಪೊ '''विप्रतिक्षेप''' -- cross reflex -- ಅಡ್ಡ ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆ '''विप्रतीप''' -- perverse -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತವೊ, ಮೂರ್ಖ, ಹಟಮಾರಿ '''विप्रयोग''' -- separation -- ಬೋರೆ '''विप्रलब्ध''' -- separated -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विप्रलंभ''' -- separation -- ಬೋರೆ '''विप्रलंभ श्रृंगार''' -- wherein the lover suffers separation -- ವಿರಹ ವೇದನೆ '''विप्लव''' -- unsurrection -- ಗಲಾಟೆ, ದೊಂಬಿ '''विप्लवकारी''' -- insurgent, rebellious, mutinious -- ಗಲಾಟೆಕಾರ, ದೊಂಬಿಕಾರ '''विफल''' -- unsuccessful -- ಜಯ ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟತದ್, ಸೋಲ್ '''विफलता''' -- failure -- ಸೋಲ್ '''विबुध''' -- God, diety -- ದೇವ '''विबोध''' -- awakening -- ಎಚ್ಚರ '''विबोधित''' -- awakened -- ಎಚ್ಚರ ಆಪ '''विभक्त''' -- divided -- ಭಾಗ ಆನದ್ '''विभक्ति''' -- termination -- ಅಂತ್ಯ, ತೀಂದದ್ '''विभंग''' -- fractured -- ಮೂಳೆ ತುಂಡಾನದ್, ಮೂಳೆ ಮುರ್ಂಜದ್ '''विभग्न''' -- shattered, split -- ಚೂರ್, ಚೂರಾನದ್, ತುಂಡ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विभंजन''' -- fracture -- ತುಂಡ್, ಮುರ್ಂಜದ್ '''विभव''' -- potential -- ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ '''विभवक्षय''' -- loss of affluence -- ಸಂಪತ್ತ್‌ನಾಶ, ಪಣ ನಾಶ '''विभवयुक्त''' -- prosperous, wealthy, lucky -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ, ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯ, ನಲ್ಲ ಅದೃಷ್ಟ '''विभवशाली''' -- glorious -- ಪೇರ್ತ್ ನಲ್ಲದ್, ಮಹತ್ವವಾನದ್, ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''विभा''' -- shine -- ಮಿನ್ನ್‌ವೊ '''विभाकर''' -- the sun -- ಸೂರ್ಯ '''विभाग''' -- department -- ಒರ್ ಭಾಗ '''विभागीय''' -- departmental -- ಭಾಗತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''विभाजक''' -- dividing -- ಭಾಗ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विभाजन''' -- partition -- ಭಾಗ '''विभाजित''' -- divided -- ಭಾಗ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विभाज्य''' -- divisible -- ಭಾಗ ಮಾಡ್ವಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''विभाव''' -- condition which exites -- ಉತ್ತೇಜನ '''विभावरी''' -- the night -- ಇರ್‌ಳ್ '''विभाषा''' -- dialect -- ನಾಡ್ ತಕ್ಕ್, ಪರೆವತಕ್ಕ್ '''विभिन्न''' -- different, various -- ಬೋರೆ '''विभीषण''' -- youngest brother of Ravana -- ರಾವಣಂಡ ತಮ್ಮಣ, ವಿಭೀಷಣ '''विभीषिका''' -- horror -- ಪೋಡಿ, ನಡ್‌ಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪಂತದ್ '''विभु''' -- omnipotent, mighty, powerful -- ಬಲವುಳ್ಳ, ಶಕ್ತಿವುಳ್ಳ, ಸರ್ವಶಕ್ತ (ದೇವ) '''विभुता''' -- power, omnipotence, supremacy -- ಬಲವುಳ್ಳವನ್, ಶಕ್ತಿವುಳ್ಳವನ್, ದೇವ '''विभूति''' -- ash, majesty -- ಬೂದಿ '''विभूषित''' -- decorated, adomed, ornamented -- ಅಲಂಕಾರ ಮಾಡನದ್ '''विभेद''' -- variety, kind -- ತರತರ, ದಯೆ '''विभेदकारी''' -- discriminating -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಪಕ್ಷಪಾತ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विभेद्य''' -- distinguishable, differentiable -- ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸವಾನದ್, ಗುರ್‌ತ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟದ್, ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್ನದ್ '''विभोर''' -- overwhelmed -- ಮಿತಿ ಮೀರ್‌ನದ್ '''विभ्रम''' -- delusion -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ಅರಿವು, ಮೋಹ, ಭ್ರಮೆ '''विभ्राट''' -- confusion, turmoil -- ಗಲಭೆ, ದೊಂಬಿ, ಗಲಾಟೆ '''विभ्रांति''' -- confusion, distraction -- ದೊಂಬಿ ಆಪೊ, ಗಲಾಟೆ ಆಪೊ '''विभ्रान्त''' -- confused -- ಗಲಿಬಿಲಿಯಾಪೊ, ದಿಕ್ಕ್‌ಕಾಣತೆ ಆಪೊ '''विमंडित''' -- adorned -- ಅಲಂಕಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಶೃಂಗಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विमत''' -- contrary opinion -- ವಿರೋಧ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''विमति''' -- disent, disagreement, discord -- ವಿರೋಧ, ಹೊಂದಿಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಇಪ್ಪದ್ '''विमन''' -- dejected -- ಕುಗ್ಗಿ ಪೋನದ್, ಉತ್ಸಾಹ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಆಪೊ, ಮಂಕಾಪೊ '''विमनस्क''' -- absent minded -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಆಪೊ, ಗೇನ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಆಪೊ, ಎಲ್ಲಿಯೊ ಗೇನ '''विमनस्कता''' -- sadness -- ದುಃಖ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''विमर्दन''' -- trampling -- ಚವುಟ್‌ವೊ, ಚವುಟಿತ್ ತಾತ್ತ್‌ವೊ '''विमर्दित''' -- trampled -- ಚವುಟಿತ್ ತಾತೀಟದ್ '''विमर्श''' -- consultation -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಸಲಹೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ, ಸಲಹೆ ಕೇಪ '''विमल''' -- clean -- ಶುಭ್ರ, ತೆಳ್‌ಕ '''विमा''' -- a dimension -- ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ, ಅಳತೆ, ಅಡ್ಡಗಲ '''विमाता''' -- step mother -- ಚಿಕ್ಕವ್ವ '''विमातृज''' -- a step brother -- ಚಿಕ್ಕವ್ವಂಡ ಮೋಂವ '''विमान''' -- an aeroplane -- (ವಿಮಾನ) ಏರೋಪ್ಲೇನ್ '''विमार्ग''' -- wrong path -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಪಾಳ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ತಪ್ಪ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''विमिति''' -- dimension -- ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ, ಅಡ್ಡಗಲ '''विमिश्रित''' -- mixed, mingled, intermixed -- ಮಿಶ್ರ ಆನದ್, ಜೊತೆ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विमुक्त''' -- enmancipated, acquitted, exempted -- ಬಿಡ್‌ಗಡೆ, ವಿನಾಯತಿಪಡಂದದ್ '''विमुक्ति''' -- acquital -- ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡೆ, ಖುಲಾಸೆ '''विमुख''' -- indifferent -- ಉದಾಸೀನಗೊಂಡದ್, ಪ್ರತಿಕೂಲ '''विमुखता''' -- aversion, disgust, antipathy -- ತಿರಸ್ಕಾರ, ಬೇಜಾರ '''विमुग्ध''' -- infatuated -- ಮರ್‌ಳ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಕೆಡ್‌ತೊ '''विमुग्धकारी''' -- fascinating -- ದುಂಬಾಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ಕ್ ಕುಸಿಯಾಪದ್ '''विमूढ़चेता''' -- stupid fellow -- ಮೂರ್ಖ, ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತವನ್, ದಡ್ಡ, ಹೆಡ್ಡ '''विमूलन''' -- abolition -- ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ರದ್ದ್ ಪಡ್‌ತ್‌ವೂ '''विमोचन''' -- acquital -- ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೂ, ಖುಲಾಸೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೂ '''विमोचनीय''' -- to be released -- ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''विमोहक''' -- fascinating -- ದುಂಬಾ ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ಕ್ ಕುಸಿ ಆಪದ್ '''विमोहित''' -- fascinated -- ದುಂಬಾ ಚಾಯಿ ಆಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್, ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ಕ್ ಕುಸಿ ಆನದ್ '''वियत''' -- the sky -- ಬಾಣ, ಆಕಾಶ '''वियुक्त''' -- separated, isolated, deserted -- ಬೋರೆ ಆನದ್, ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕವಾನದ್ '''वियोग''' -- bereavement -- ಬೋರೆ ಆನಾನಗುಂಡ್ ಆನ ನಷ್ಟ '''वियोगिनी''' -- separated from lover or husband -- ಒಡಿಯ ಬುಟ್ಟವ '''वियोगी''' -- separated from wife or beloved -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಬುಟಂವ '''वियोजक''' -- separator -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನಂವ '''वियोजन''' -- separation -- ಬೋರೆ ಆಪೊ '''वियोजनीय''' -- disjoinable -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟ್‌ವಕ್ ಕೈಯತಂತದ್, ಬೋರೆ ಆನದ್ '''वियोजित''' -- disintegrated -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विरक्त''' -- disaffected -- ಅತೃಪ್ತಿಯಾನದ್, ಒಡಂದ್ ಪೋನ ಮನಸ್ಸ್ '''विरक्ति''' -- detachment -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಭಾಗ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विरंग''' -- faded -- ರಂಗ್ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತ ದ್, ರಂಗ್ ಪೋನದ್ '''विरंच''' -- brahma -- ಬ್ರಹ್ಮ '''विरचन''' -- composition -- ಜೊತೆಕೂಟ್‌ವೊ, ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟ್‌ವೊ '''विरचयिता''' -- an author -- ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ನವನ್, ಎಳ್‌ತ್ತ್‌ಕಾರ '''विरचित''' -- composed -- ರಚನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ನದ್ '''विरंजक''' -- bleaching agent -- ಬೊಳ್‌ತಿತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್ '''विरंजकता''' -- bleaching capacity -- ಬೊಳ್‌ತಿತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ ಶಕ್ತಿ '''विरत''' -- detached -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ದೂರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विरल''' -- thin, sparse -- ತಳ್ಳನೆ, ಕಮ್ಮಿ, ವಿರಳ '''विरलता''' -- rare faction -- ಅಪರೂಪತ್ತರ ಪಕ್ಷ, ಗುಂಪ್, ಪಂಗಡ '''विरलित''' -- rarefied -- ನಲ್ಲದಾನದ್, ಅಪರೂಪವಾನದ್ '''विरस''' -- tasteless, insipid -- ರಸ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಚಪ್ಪೆ '''विरसता''' -- insipidity -- ಸತ್ವ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್, ಜೀವ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''विरह''' -- separation -- ಬೋರೆ '''विरहजन्य''' -- caused by separation -- ಬೋರೆ ಆನಾಂಡ ಕಾರಣ '''विरहाग्नि''' -- the anguish of separation -- ಬೋರೆ ಆನಾಂಡ ದುಃಖ '''विरहिणी''' -- separated from lover -- ಪ್ರೀತಿಕಾರಂಡಲ್ಲಿಂಜ ಬೋರೆ ಆನದ್ '''विरही''' -- separated from beloved -- ಪ್ರೀತಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಲ್ಲಿಂಜ ಬೋರೆ ಆನಯಿಂಗ, ವಿರಹಿ '''विराग''' -- renunciation -- ವೈರಾಗ್ಯ, ತ್ಯಾಗ, ಸನ್ಯಾಸ '''विरागी''' -- detached one -- ಬೋರೆಯಾನವನ್ '''विराजना''' -- to grace -- ಶೋಬೆ, ದಯೆ, ಪ್ರಸಾದ '''विराजमान''' -- gracing, seated -- ಶೋಭೆಯಾನದ್, ದಯೆ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''विराजित''' -- glorious -- ನಲ್ಲಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಹೊಗಳಿಕೆ ಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮವಾನದ್ '''विराट''' -- collossal -- - ವಿಶಾಲ ಆಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''विराम''' -- pause -- ನಿಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್, ವಿರಾಮ, ನಿಲ್ಲ್, ಬುಡ್‌ನೇರ '''विराम चिन्ह''' -- full stop -- ಪೂರ್ತಿರ ಗುರ್‌ತ್ '''विराम लगाना''' -- to punctuate -- ವಿರಾಮ ಗುರ್‌ತ್, ನಿಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ ಗುರ್‌ತ್ '''विराम सन्धि''' -- an armistice -- ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ಒಪ್ಪಂದ, ಯುದ್ಧ ವಿರಾಮ '''विरामावस्था''' -- position of rest -- ಆರಾಮ್‌ರ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''विरामी''' -- intermittent -- ಬುಟ್ಟ್ ಬುಟ್ಟ್ ಬಪ್ಪ '''विरासत''' -- legacy, inheritance -- ಪೂರ್ವಾರ್ಜಿತ ಆಸ್ತಿ, ಪಿತ್ರಾರ್ಜಿತ ಆಸ್ತಿ '''विरूद''' -- laudatory attributes -- ಹೊಗಳಿಕೆ, ವಿರೋಧ ಲಕ್ಷಣ '''विरूद विरूज''' -- healthy -- ಆರೋಗ್ಯಕರವಾನದ್ '''विरूदावली''' -- panegyric -- ಹೊಗಳ್‌ವೊ, ಪ್ರಶಂಸೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विरूद्ध''' -- against -- ವಿರೋಧ '''विरूद्धता''' -- hostility -- ಪಗೆಬೆಪ್ಪೊ, ಶತ್ರುತ್ವ, ಜಗಳ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विरूप''' -- defaced -- ಕುರೂಪ, ಕೆಟ್ಟ ರೂಪ, ಆಕಾರ '''विरूपक''' -- obliterator -- ಇಲ್ಲತನ್ನಕೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ನಾಶ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ತಿಕ್ಕಿರ್‌ವೊ. '''विरूपाक्ष''' -- having deformed eyes -- ಕುರೂಪ ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಉಳ್ಳವನ್, ವಿರೂಪಾಕ್ಷ '''विरेचक''' -- cathartic -- ಜುಲಾಪ್‌ರ ಮದ್ದ್, ಭೇದಿಕ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ ಮದ್ದ್. '''विरेचन''' -- catharsis -- ಶುದ್ದ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विरेचित''' -- purged -- ಶುದ್ದ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विरेच्य''' -- to be purged -- ಶುದ್ದ ಮಾಡುವಕ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''विरोध''' -- antagonism -- ಪಗೆತನ, ಶತ್ರುತ್ವ, ವಿರೋಧ '''विरोध करना''' -- to oppose -- ವಿರೋಧ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विरोधाभास''' -- paradox -- ವಿರೋಧಾಭಾಸ, ವಿರೋಧವಾನದ್ '''विरोधित''' -- protested -- ವಿರೋಧ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विरोधी''' -- an adversary -- ವೈರಿ, ಶತ್ರು, ವಿರೋಧಿ '''विरोधी पक्ष''' -- opposition -- ವಿರೋಧ ಪಕ್ಷ, ಗುಂಪ್ '''विलक्षण''' -- queer, strange -- ವಿಚಿತ್ರ, ವಕ್ರ, ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ '''विलक्षणता''' -- strangeness -- ವಿಚಿತ್ರವಾನದ್, ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯವಾನದ್ '''विलग''' -- separate -- ಬೋರೆ '''विलगन''' -- separation -- ಬೋರೆ ಆನದ್ '''विलंब''' -- procrastination -- ತಡ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಕಾಲಮಿಂಞಕ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विलंबन''' -- delaying -- ತಡ '''विलंबित''' -- delayed -- ತಡ ಆನದ್ '''विलय''' -- annihilation -- ವಿನಾಶ, ಪ್ರಳಯ, ಸರ್ವನಾಶ '''विलयन''' -- solution, key -- ಪರಿಹಾರ ಕಂಡ್‌ಪುಡಿಪೊ '''विलयशील''' -- soluble -- ತೀಪನ್ನತ್ತದ್ '''विलसना''' -- to look pretty -- ಚಾಯಿಕಾಂಬದ್ '''विलसित''' -- splendid -- ಹೊಗಳ್‌ವಂತದ್, ಪ್ರಖ್ಯಾತವಾನದ್ '''विलाप''' -- lamentation -- ದುಃಖದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''विलायत''' -- England -- ಇಂಗ್ಲೆಂಡ್, ವಿಲಾಯತಿ '''विलास''' -- enjoyment -- ಕುಸಿ '''विलास करना''' -- to enjoy -- ಕುಸಿ ಪಡ್‌ವೊ '''विलासगृह''' -- a pleasure house -- ಕುಸಿರ ಮನೆ '''विलासपूर्वक''' -- restful -- ಕುಸಿ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''विलासिनी''' -- debauch -- ಶೀಲ ಪಾಳ್‌ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ವ್ಯಭಿಚಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಕ್ ಅವಕಾಶ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''विलासी''' -- wanton, lustful -- ಕಾಮ ದುಂಬ್‌ನವು, ಮದಕೇರ್‌ನವು '''विलीन''' -- vanished -- ಕಾಂಗತೆ ಆನದ್ '''विलीयन''' -- disappearance -- ಕಾಂಗತೆ ಆಪೊ '''विलुप्त''' -- extinct -- ಚತ್ತ್ ಪೋನದ್, ನಾಶವಾನದ್ '''विलेख''' -- a deed -- ಕೆಲಸ, ಕರಾರ್ ಪತ್ರ '''विलेप''' -- ointment -- ಮುಲಾಮ್ '''विलेपन''' -- smearing -- ಇಡ್‌ವೊ, ಉದ್ದ್‌ವೊ, ಪರಟುವ '''विलेय''' -- soluble -- ಬುಡ್‌ತ್ವ ಕೈವಂತದ್, ಕರಕ್‌ವಕ್ ಕೈವಂತದ್ '''विलेयशील''' -- solute -- ಕರ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''विलोकनीय''' -- worth seeing -- ನೋಟ್‌ವಕ್ ನಲ್ಲದ್, ನೋಟಂಡಿಯದ್ '''विलोकित''' -- viewed -- ನೋಟ್‌ವದ್ '''विलोड़न''' -- thorough investigation -- ತನಿಖೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विलोड़ित''' -- thoroughly investigated -- ತನಿಖೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विलोप''' -- extinction -- ನಾಶ, ಕೆಡ್‌ತುವ '''विलोपित''' -- extinct -- ಆರಿಯೋನದ್, ನಾಶಆನದ್, ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ ಪೋನದ್ '''विलोम''' -- antonym -- ವಿರೋಧ ಅರ್ಥವುಳ್ಳ ಶಬ್ದ '''विलोम क्रिया''' -- reverse operation -- ವಿರೋಧ ಕಾರ್ಯ, ವಿರೋಧ ಕೆಲಸ '''विलोम जात''' -- born in reverse order -- ಆದರೆಕ್ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್ '''विलोम शब्द''' -- antonym -- ವಿರೋಧ ಶಬ್ದ '''विलोमता''' -- reverse, state of being in reverse order -- ವಿರೋಧ '''विलोमित''' -- reversed -- ವಿರೋಧ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विलोल''' -- quivering, fickle -- ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪೊ, ನಡಗ್‌ವೊ '''विल्व''' -- wood apple tree -- ಮರ ಸೇಬ್ ಮರ (ಉಡ್ ಯಾಪಲ್ ಮರ) '''विवक्षा''' -- implication -- ತೊಡಗ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟವೊ '''विवक्षित''' -- desired -- ಇಷ್ಟಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಆಶೆಫಟ್ಟದ್ '''विवर''' -- cavity -- ಪುಳು ಆನದ್, ತೂತಾನದ್, ಪೋಟೆ '''विवर नासिका''' -- nasal cavity -- ಮೂಕ್‌ರ ತೂಕ್ '''विवरण''' -- description -- ವಿವರಣೆ, ತಪಸೀಲ್ '''विवरणकार''' -- commentator -- ವಿವರಣೆಕಾರ '''विवरणिका''' -- brochure -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''विवरणी''' -- report -- ವರದಿ '''विवर्ण''' -- faded -- ರಂಗ್ ಕೊರು, ರಂಗ್ ಪೋನದ್ '''विवर्त''' -- whirlpool -- ನೀರ್‌ಡ ಸುಳಿ '''विवर्धन''' -- magnification -- ಬಲ್ಂಗನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विवर्धित''' -- magnified -- ಬಲ್ಂಗನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विवश''' -- helpless -- ಕೈಯ್ಯತದ್ '''विवश करना''' -- to compel -- ಬಲತ್ಕಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विवशता''' -- helplessness -- ಉಪಕಾರ ಮಾಡೊ ಕೈಯತದ್, ಅಸಹಾಯಕ, ಕೈಯ್ಯಂತದ್ '''विवसन''' -- nude, naked -- ಬೆತ್ತಲೆ '''विवाचक''' -- an arbitrator -- ಪಂಚಾತಿಕೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ಮಧ್ಯಸ್ಥ '''विवाचन''' -- arbitration -- ಪಂಚಾತಿಕೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಮಧ್ಯಸ್ಥಿಕೆ ವಹಿಸೊ '''विवाद''' -- dispute -- ಜಗಳತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''विवाद करना''' -- to dispute -- ಜಗಳ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विवादास्पद''' -- controversial -- ಚರ್ಚೆಕ್ ಆಸ್ಪದವಾನದ್ '''विवाह''' -- marriage -- ಮಂಗಲ '''विवाह आयु''' -- marriageable age -- ಮಂಗಲತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬಯತ್ '''विवाह उत्सव''' -- nupitals -- ಕೋಂಬರೆ ಕೂಟ್‌ವೊ, ಮಂಗಲ '''विवाह करना''' -- to marry -- ಮಂಗಲ ಕೈಪೊ '''विवाह के गीत''' -- epithalamium -- ಮಂಗಲತ್ತ್‌ರ ರೀತಿ, ಮಂಗಲ ಪಾಟ್ '''विवाह विच्छेद''' -- breaking of marriage -- ಬುಟ್ಟ್ ಪೋಪ ಮಂಗಲ, ಮಂಗಲ ತಪ್ಪಿಪೋಪ '''विवाह संबंध''' -- matrimonial relation -- ಮಂಗಲತ್ತ್‌ರ ಸಂಮಂಧ, ಬೆಂದೂರ್ತ '''विवाह संबंध''' -- married relation -- ಮಂಗಲ ಸಂಮಂಧ '''विवाह संबंधी''' -- nuptia -- ಮಂಗಲಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''विवाहद्वेष''' -- misogamy -- ಮಂಗಲ ದ್ವೇಷಿ, ಮಂಗಲ ಇಷ್ಟ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''विवाहयोग्य''' -- a match -- ಮಂಗಲ ಆಪದ್, ಮಂಗಲಕ್ ಯೋಗ್ಯಆನದ್ '''विवाहित''' -- married -- ಮಂಗಲಾನದ್ '''विविक्त''' -- isolated -- ಏಕಾಂಗಿ '''विविक्ति''' -- isolation, aloof, separation -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ದೂರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विविध''' -- different -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ '''विविधता''' -- various, diversity, diverse -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ '''विविधा''' -- miscellany -- ಮಿಶ್ರ ಆನದ್ '''विवृति''' -- openness -- ತೊರಂದಿತ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''विवृत्त''' -- whirling -- ತಿರ್‌ವೊ, ಉರ್‌ಳ್‌ವೊ '''विवृत्त''' -- open -- ತೊರಂದದ್ '''विवृत्ति''' -- whirling -- ತಿರ್‌ವೊ, ಉರ್‌ಳ್‌ವೊ '''विवेक''' -- reason -- ಕಾರಣ '''विवेक शक्तियाँ''' -- discretionary power -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಶಕ್ತಿ '''विवेकभ्रष्ट''' -- irrational -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತವನ್, ಅಯೋಗ್ಯ '''विवेचक''' -- critic -- ವಿಮರ್ಶಕ '''विवेचना''' -- evaluation -- ನಿರ್ಣಯ, ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ '''विवेचनीय''' -- worth evaluating -- ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾನ ನಿರ್ಣಯ '''विवेचित''' -- evaluated -- ನಿರ್ಣಯ ಎಡ್‌ತಂಡದ್ '''विवेच्य''' -- under discussion -- ಚರ್ಚೆಕ್ ಒಳಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''विशद''' -- elaborate -- ವಿವರಾನದ್ '''विशारद''' -- expert -- ಪಡ್‌ಚವನ್, ಅನುಭವಶಾಲಿ '''विशाल''' -- clossal, huge, bulky -- ಪೇರ್ತ್ ಬಲ್ಯದ್, ವಿಶಾಲವಾನದ್ '''विशाल ह्मदय''' -- liberal -- ತೊರಂದ ಮನ '''विशालता''' -- hugeness -- ಬಲ್ಯದಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''विशालाक्षी''' -- having large eyes -- ಅಗಲವಾನ ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಉಳ್ಳವ '''विशिख''' -- an arrow -- ಅಂಬ್ '''विशिष्ट''' -- special -- ವಿಶೇಷವಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''विशिष्टता''' -- speciality -- ವಿಶೇಷ ದುಂಬ್‌ನಂತದ್ '''विशिष्टद्वैत''' -- qualified non-duality -- - ಅದ್ವೈತವಾದ '''विशिष्टिकरण''' -- specialisation -- ವಿಶೇಷ ಪಡಿಪ '''विशुद्ध''' -- pure, chaste -- ಶುದ್ಧ, ಪರಿಶುದ್ಧ, ನಲ್ಲ ಗುಣ '''विशुद्धचरित्र''' -- chaste -- ನಲ್ಲಗುಣತ್, ಪರಿಶುದ್ಧವಾಯಿತ್ '''विशुद्धता''' -- chastity -- ನಲ್ಲಗುಣತ್ತ್‌ರ, ಪರಿಶುದ್ಧವಾನದ್ '''विशुद्धात्मा''' -- virtuous -- ನಲ್ಲಗುಣಕಾರ, ಪರಿಶುದ್ಧವಾನಂತವನ್ '''विशुद्धि''' -- purity -- ಶುದ್ಧತೆ, ಪರಿಶುದ್ಧತೆ '''विशुद्धिवाद''' -- puritanism -- ಧರ್ಮ ಶುದ್ಧವಾನದ್ '''विशुद्धिवादी''' -- puristic -- ಧರ್ಮತ್, ಸತ್ಯತ್ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವವನ್ '''विशेष''' -- special -- ವಿಶೇಷ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''विशेष नाम''' -- an epithet -- ಗುಣವಾಚಕ ಶಬ್ದ '''विशेष संस्करण''' -- special edition -- ವಿಶೇಷ ಆವೃತಿ (ಮುದ್ರಣ) '''विशेषक''' -- qualifying characteristic -- ವಿಶೇಷ ಗುಣಕ್ ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾನದ್ '''विशेषज्ञ''' -- an expert -- ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ, ಅನುಭವಶಾಲಿ '''विशेषज्ञता''' -- specialisation -- ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಪಡಂಡದ್, ವಿಶೇಷಜ್ಞಾನ ಪಡಿಪ '''विशेषण''' -- an adjective -- ಗುಣವಾಚಕ '''विशेषता''' -- speciality -- ವಿಶೇಷತೆವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''विशेषांक''' -- special issue -- ವಿಶೇಷ ಕೊಡ್‌ಗೆ, ವಿಶೇಷ ಸಂಚಿಕೆ '''विशेषाधिकार''' -- privelege -- ವಿಶೇಷ ಅಧಿಕಾರ, ಹಕ್ಕ್, ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ '''विशेषाधिकारी''' -- special officer -- ವಿಶೇಷ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ, ಅಧಿಕಾರ ಪಡಂದವನ್ '''विशेषित''' -- specialised -- ವಿಶೇಷತೆಉಳ್ಳ '''विशेषीकरण''' -- specialisation -- ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಪಟ್ಟದ್, ವಿಶೇಷಜ್ಞಾನ ಪಡಂದವ '''विशेष्य''' -- that which is qualified -- ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆ ಪಡ್ಂದದ್ '''विशोक''' -- free of sorrow -- ದುಃಖ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತನ್ನತದ್ '''विश्रांत''' -- reposed -- ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ, ಆರಾಮ್ '''विश्रांतकाल''' -- interval, rest, recess -- ಆರಾಮ್‌ರ ಸಮಯ, ಬುಡ್‌ನೇರ '''विश्रांति''' -- rest, relaxation, repose -- ಆರಾಮ್ '''विश्राम''' -- relaxation -- ಆರಾಮ್ ಪಡ್‌ವೊ '''विश्राम कक्ष''' -- a lounge -- ಆರಾಮ್‌ರ ಕೋಂಬರೆ '''विश्राम स्थान''' -- place of rest -- ವಿರಾಮ ಜಾಗ '''विश्रामकाल''' -- recess, interval -- ಆರಾಮ್‌ರ ಕಾಲ '''विश्रामगृह''' -- rest house -- ಆರಾಮ ಪಡೆವ ಮನೆ '''विश्रामालय''' -- rest house -- ವಿರಾಮ ಎಡ್‌ಪೊ ಮನೆ '''विश्रुत''' -- famous, reputed -- ಕೇಳಿಪೋನದ್ '''विश्रृङ्खल''' -- disorderly -- ಕ್ರಮ ಪ್ರಕಾರತ್ ಅಲ್ಲತದ್, ಕ್ರಮ ಪೋಲೆ ಅಲ್ಲತದ್ '''विश्लिष्ट''' -- analysed -- ವಿಂಗಡ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟದ್, ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विश्लेष''' -- separation, analysis -- ಬೋರೆ, ವಿಂಗಡಣೆ '''विश्लेषण और संश्लेषण''' -- analysis and synthesis -- ಬೋರೆ ಪಿಂಞ ಜೊತೆ '''विश्लेषणपरक''' -- analytical -- ವಿಂಗಡ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟ ರೀತಿ '''विश्लेषणीय''' -- worth analysing -- ಸರಿಯಾನ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ '''विश्लेषात्मक''' -- analytical -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ ರೀತಿ '''विश्लेषित''' -- analysed -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विश्व''' -- the world -- ಪ್ರಪಂಚ, ವಿಶ್ವ '''विश्वकोश''' -- an encyclopaedia -- ಎನ್‌ಸೈಕ್ಲೋಪಿಡಿಯಾ, ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ '''विश्वजनीन''' -- universal -- ಸರ್ವಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಸರಿಯಾನದ್ '''विश्वनाथ''' -- lord Shiva -- ಶಿವ, ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ '''विश्वपूजित''' -- universally adored -- ಎಲ್ಲಾರೂ ಪೂಜ್‌ನದ್ '''विश्वप्रसिद्ध''' -- world renowned -- ಪ್ರಪಂಚತೇ ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''विश्वंभर''' -- the earth -- ಭೂಮಿ '''विश्वविद्यालय''' -- a university -- ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ '''विश्वविद्यालय परिसर''' -- university campus -- ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯತ್ತ್‌ರ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ '''विश्वसनीय''' -- reliable -- ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''विश्वसनीयता''' -- reliability -- ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಪಡುವಂತದ್ '''विश्वस्त''' -- confidential -- ನಂಬಿಕೆಕ್ ಯೋಗ್ಯ, ಗುಟ್ಟಾನದ್ '''विश्वात्मा''' -- god -- ದೇವ '''विश्वाधार''' -- god -- ದೇವ '''विश्वास''' -- belief -- ನಂಬಿಕೆ '''विश्वास पात्र''' -- reliable -- ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಳ್ಳವನ್, ನಂಬುವಂತದ್ '''विश्वासघात''' -- betrayal -- ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಕಳ್ಂದವೊ, ಮೋಸ, ಚದಿ '''विश्वासन''' -- believing -- ನಂಬ್‌ವೊ '''विश्वासी''' -- a trustful -- ನಂಬ್‌ವಕ್ ಯೋಗ್ಯನಾನವೊ (ವಿಶ್ವಾಸಿ) '''विश्वेश''' -- god -- ದೇವ '''विष''' -- poison -- ವಿಷ '''विषकन्या''' -- woman impregnated with poison -- ವಿಷದುಂಬ್‌ನ ಮೂಡಿ (ವಿಷ ಕನ್ಯೆ) '''विषण्ण''' -- gloomy -- ಇರ್‌ಟ್ ಕಂವುಂಜದ್, ಬೇರತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''विषण्णत्म''' -- melacholy -- ಬೇರದುಂಬ್‌ನ ಮನಸ್ಸ್ '''विषदंत''' -- a fang -- ವಿಷ ಪಲ್ಲ್ '''विषधर''' -- a snake -- ಪಾಂಬ್ '''विषनाशी''' -- anti-poison -- ವಿಷ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಮಾಡ್ವದ್ '''विषपायी''' -- a drinker of poison -- ವಿಷ ಕುಡಿಪಂವ '''विषम''' -- odd, incongruous -- ಬೆಸ, ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾನದ್ '''विषम रुप''' -- heterogeneous -- ಕುರೂಪ '''विषमता''' -- contrast -- ವಿರೋಧವಾನದ್ '''विषमंत्र''' -- spell to cure snake bite -- ಪಾಂಬ್ ಕಡ್‌ಚಾಂಗ್ ಮಂತ್ರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विषमांग''' -- heterogeneous -- ಅಂಗ ಹೀನ '''विषय''' -- subject, topic -- ವಿಚಾರ, ವಿಷಯ '''विषय संबंध''' -- sensual -- ವಿಷಯ ಕೊತ್ತದ್, ಭೋಗಾಸಕ್ತಿರ '''विषयक''' -- concerning -- ಕಂಡಿತವಾಯಿತು '''विषयपरक''' -- subjective -- ಕಲ್ಪನೆಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಸ್ವಂತತ್‌ರ '''विषयरत''' -- sexy -- ಕಾಮದುಂಬ್‌ನವು '''विषयलोलुप''' -- lustful -- ಕಾಮ ದುಂಬಿತುಳ್ಳವು, ದುರಾಶೆ ದುಂಬ್‌ನ '''विषयसुख''' -- sexual pleasure -- ಸಂಭೋಗ ಸುಖ '''विषयसूची''' -- table of content -- ವಿಚಾರ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''विषयांतर''' -- digression -- ವಿಷಯ ಬುಟ್ಟಿತ್ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವೊ '''विषयात्मक''' -- sensual -- ವಿಷಯಕ್ಕೊತ್ತದ್, ವಿಚಾರ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''विषयानुक्रमणिका''' -- a list of index -- - ಅನುಕ್ರಮಣಿಕೆ, ಅಡಂಗಿತುಳ್ಳ ಪಾಷಯತ್‌ರ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''विषयासक्त''' -- lustful -- ಕಾಮಕ್ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್, ದುರಾಶೆದುಂಬ್‌ನ '''विषयासक्ति''' -- lustfulness -- ಕಾಮ ದುಂಬಿತ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''विषवमन''' -- virulent utterance -- ವಿಷ ಕಾರ್‌ವೊ '''विषविद्या''' -- science of curing snake bite -- ವಿಷಕ್ ಮದ್ದ್‌ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ ಪಡಿಪ್ '''विषवृक्ष''' -- a poison tree -- ವಿಷ ಮರ '''विषवैद्य''' -- a physician who cures snake bite etc. -- ಪಾಂಬ್ ಕಡ್‌ಚಾಂಗ್ ಮದ್ದ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವೊ '''विषाक्त''' -- poisonous -- ವಿಷವಾನದ್ '''विषाक्तता''' -- poisonousness -- ವಿಷ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''विषाण''' -- horn of a beast -- ಕಾಡ್ ಜಾತಿರ ಕೊಂಬ್ '''विषाणु''' -- disease caused by virus infection -- ರೋಗ ಉಂಟ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ವಿಷ ಕ್ರಿಮಿಯ '''विषाद''' -- sombreness -- ಬೇರ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್, ದುಃಖತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''विषादजनक''' -- despondency -- ನಿರಾಶೆ '''विषादपूर्ण''' -- gloomy -- ದುಃಖ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''विषान्न''' -- poisoned food -- ವಿಷ ಕೂಡ್‌ನ ಊಟ '''विषुचिका''' -- cholera -- ವಾಂತಿ - ಭೇದಿ, ಅಂಟ್ ರೋಗ, ತೂರಟ ಕಾರಟ '''विषुवत''' -- equatorial -- ಸಮಭಾಗ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विषुवतीय''' -- equatorial -- ಸಮಭಾಗ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विषुवत्रेखा''' -- the equator -- ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ವೃತ್ತ '''विषैला''' -- poisonous -- ವಿಷದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''विष्कंभक''' -- interlude -- ತಮಾಷಿ, ಚೆರಿಯ ತಮಾಷಿ '''विष्ठा''' -- faces -- ಮೂಡ್, ಮನಸ್‌ರ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''विष्णु''' -- one of the Hindu mythological divine trinity -- ವಿಷ್ಣು, ದೇವ '''विसंगति''' -- irrelevance -- ಅಸಂಬಂಧ '''विसङ्गत''' -- irrelevant -- ಅಸಂಬಂಧವಾನದ್ '''विसंज्ञक''' -- anaesthetist -- ಸ್ವಯತಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ ಮದ್ದ್ ತಪ್ಪ ಡಾಕ್ಟ್‌ರ್/ ವ್ಯೆದ್ಯ '''विसंपर्क''' -- isolation -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विसंपृक्त''' -- isolated -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ತೆರ್ಪ ಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''विसम्मत''' -- disagreeing -- ಒಪ್ಪಿಯವತೆ ಇಪ್ಪೊ, ಒತ್ತ್‌ಬೂವತದ್ '''विसम्मति''' -- dissent -- ಒಪ್ಪಿಯವತೆ '''विसरण''' -- diffusion -- ಪರತ್ತ್‌ವೊ, ಹರಡ್‌ವೊ '''विसरणता''' -- diffusity -- ಪರತ್ತ್‌ನದ್ '''विसर्ग''' -- colon like sign -- ವಿಸರ್ಗ, ಅಲ್ಪವಿರಾಮ ಚಿಹ್ನೆ '''विसर्जन''' -- dispersal -- ಚದರ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ, ವಿಸರ್ಜನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''विसार''' -- diffusion -- ಪರತ್ತ್‌ವೊ '''विसाल''' -- union -- ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ '''विसृति''' -- diffusion -- ಪರತ್ತ್‌ವೂ, ಹರಡ್‌ವೊ '''विसैन्यीकरण''' -- demilitarization -- ಸೈನ್ಯತ್‌ನ ಬಯ್ಯ ಕೆಡ್‌ಪ '''विस्तरण''' -- span, extension -- ಅವಧಿ, ಚಿನ್ನನೇರ, ಪಬ್ಬ್‌ನದ್ '''विस्तार''' -- expanse -- ಹರಡ್, ವಿಸ್ತಾರ '''विस्तारपूर्वक''' -- extensively -- ಹರಡ್‌ವದ್ '''विस्तीर्ण''' -- expanded -- ಹರಡ್‌ನದ್, ಪಬ್ಬ್‌ನದ್ '''विस्तृत''' -- expanded -- ಹರಡ್‌ನದ್, ವಿಶಾಲ ಆನದ್ '''विस्थापन''' -- displacement -- ಸರಿಜಾಗತ್ ಬೆಕ್ಕತದ್, ಜಾಗ ಮಾತ್‌ನದ್ '''विस्फारित''' -- opened wide -- ತೊರಂದಿತ್‌ವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''विस्फोट''' -- explosion -- ಸಿಡಿಯುವಂತದ್, ಚೂರಾಪನ್ನತ್ತದ್, ಪೊಟ್ಟುವ '''विस्फोटक पदार्थ''' -- explosive substance -- ಚೆಡಿಯುವಂತ ವಸ್ತು, ಪೊಟ್ಟುವ ವಸ್ತು '''विस्फोटकारी''' -- explosive -- ಚೆಡಿಂಜಿ ಪೋಪನ್ನತದ್, ಪೊಟ್ಟುವದ್ '''विस्मय''' -- surprise -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ '''विस्मयकर''' -- amazing -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯತುಳ್ಳದ್, ಬೆರಗಾಪನ್ನತದ್ '''विस्मयकारी''' -- sensational -- ಇಂದ್ರಿಯ ಜ್ಞಾನ '''विस्मयाकुल''' -- aghast -- ವಿಪರೀತ ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ ಪಡ್‌ವೊ, ಬೆರಗಾಪದ್ '''विस्मरण''' -- oblivion -- ಮರಪ ಗುಣ '''विस्मित''' -- amazed -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ ಪಡ್‌ವೊ '''विस्मृत''' -- forgotten -- ಮರಪ, ಮರಂದ್ ಪೋನದ್ '''विस्मृत''' -- forgetfullness, fone into, oblivion -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಮರ್ಂದ್ ಪೋಪೊ '''विस्वर''' -- disharmonious -- ಸಾಮರಸ್ಯ ಇಲ್ಲತೆಮಾಡ್ '''विस्वाद''' -- tasteless -- ಚೋದ್ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ರಸ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''विहग''' -- a bird -- ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''विहंग''' -- a bird -- ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''विहंगम दृष्टि''' -- bird's eye view -- ಪಕ್ಷಿ ನೋಟ '''विहंगराज''' -- Garud, mythological king of birds -- ಪಕ್ಷಿರ ರಾಜ, ಗರುಡ '''विहंगावलोकन''' -- bird's eye view -- ಪಕ್ಷಿ ನೋಟ '''विहसन''' -- laughter -- ತೆಳಿ '''विहसित''' -- laughed -- ತೆಳ್‌ಚೆ, ತೆಳ್‌ಚತ್ '''विहाग''' -- a typical sudrai musical mood -- ಕುಸಿರ ಮನಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''विहान''' -- day break -- ಪೊಲವ, ಪೊಲಂಜತಿ '''विहार''' -- merry making -- ಸುತ್ತಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಕುಸಿಲ್ ಸುತ್ತಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಕುಸಿ ಪಡುವ '''विहार स्थल''' -- a pleasure resort -- ಸುತ್ತಾಟತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕುಸಿ ಜಾಗ '''विहार-विहारी''' -- one who enjoys -- ಕುಸಿ ಪಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''विहित''' -- prescribed -- ಅಪ್ಪಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''विहीन''' -- bereft of -- ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಆನದ್, ದುಃಖ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''विह्वल''' -- overwhelmed, agitated -- ಮಿತಿ ಮೀರ್ನದ್ '''विह्वल ह्मदय''' -- perturbed, agitation -- ಗಾಬರಿಪಟ್ಟ, ಕಳವಳಪಟ್ಟ '''वीक्षण''' -- observance -- ಆರ - ಬೇರ ಅರಿವೊ, ಅರ್ಂಜಿ ನೋಟ್‌ವೊ '''वीक्षणीय''' -- worth observing -- ಅರಿವಕ್ ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾನದ್ '''वीचि''' -- ripple, wave -- ನೀರ್‌ರ ತೆರೆ, ಅಲೆ '''वीटो''' -- veto -- ಮಾಡ್ವ ಕೈಯ ಎಣ್ಣುವ ಅಧಿಕಾರ, ವಿಶೇಷ ಅಧಿಕಾರ '''वीणा''' -- a typical Indian lute -- ವೀಣೆ '''वीत''' -- past, finished -- ಕೈಯಿಂಜದ್, ತ್ಂದ್ ಪೋನದ್ '''वीथि''' -- alley, gallery -- ಓಣಿ, ಸಂದ್, ಅಟ್ಟ '''वीभत्स''' -- hatred, hateful, neglected, wicked -- ದ್ವೇಷ, ವಿರೋಧವುಳ್ಳ '''वीर''' -- brave -- ವೀರ/ ಶೂರ '''वीरकर्म''' -- heroic deed -- ವೀರತ್ವ ಕೆಲಸ '''वीरकर्मी''' -- valorous -- ವೀರ ಕೆಲಸಕಾರ '''वीरकेशरी''' -- bravest of the brave -- ವೀರಡಾತ್ ವೀರ, ವೀರ ಕೇಸರಿ, ಭಾರೀ ವೀರ '''वीरगति''' -- heroic end -- ವೀರ ಮರಣ '''वीरगाथा''' -- saga of heroic deed -- ವೀರ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡ್‌ನಯಿಂಗಡ ಪಾಟ್ '''वीरता''' -- bravery -- ಶೂರತ್ವ, ವೀರತ್ವ '''वीरपूजा''' -- hero worship -- ವೀರಂಡ ಪೂಜೆ '''वीरभोग्यावसुंधरा''' -- fortune favours the brave -- ಶೂರಂಡ ನಲ್ಲ ಅದೃಷ್ಟ '''वीरमाता''' -- mother of a hero -- ಶೂರಂಡ ಅವ್ವ, ವೀರಮಾತೆ '''वीरश्रेष्ट''' -- best among the gallant -- ವೀರಡಾತ್ ವೀರನಾನವನ್ '''वीरांगना''' -- brave women -- ವೀರ ಪೂಣ್ಣ್ '''वीरान''' -- deserted -- ಪರಾರಿ ಆನದ್, ಓಡಿ ಪೋನದ್ '''वीराना''' -- deserted -- ಪರಾರಿ ಆನದ್, ದೂರ ತಳ್ಳೋ, ಬೋರೆಬುಟ್ಟದ್ '''वीरासन''' -- heroic posture -- ಪರಾಕ್ರಮಿ ಆನವನ್, ವೀರನೆನ್ನಕೆನಿಪ್ಪ '''वीरोचित''' -- heroic -- ಶೂರ, ಪರಾಕ್ರಮ, ಸಾಹಸತ್‌ರ '''वीरोत्तम''' -- bravest of the brave -- ಶೂರಂಡಾತ್ ಶೂರನಾನವನ್ '''वीर्य''' -- manly vigour, semen, potency -- ವೀರ್ಯಾಣು '''वीर्यकर''' -- strength giving -- ಶಕ್ತಿಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''वीर्यधान''' -- impregnation -- ವೀರ್ಯದಾನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''वीर्यपात''' -- ejaculation -- ವೀರ್ಯ ಪೊರ್‌ಮೆ ಇಡುವೊ, ಚೆರಿಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆ '''वीर्यशाली''' -- virile -- ಪೌರುಷಶಾಲಿ '''वीर्यहानि''' -- impotency -- ಬಲ ಇಲ್ಲತವನ್, ನಪುಂಷಕ '''वीर्यहीन''' -- weak, impotent -- ಬಲ ಇಲ್ಲತವನ್, ಲಾಚಾರಾನವೊ '''वीही''' -- quince -- ಫಲ, ದೇವಡ ದಯೆ, ಓರ್‌ತರ ಪಣ್ಣೆ '''वुजू''' -- the act of washing hand, feet and face before prayer by the Mohameddans -- ಪೂಜೆಕ್ ಮಿಂಞ್ಞ ಕೈಕಾಲ್ ಕತ್ತ್‌ವೊ, ಮುಸಲ್ಮಾನಂಗಡ ಕಾಲ್ ಮುಡ್ ಕತ್ತಲ್ '''वृक''' -- a nolt -- ತೋಳ '''वृक्ष''' -- a tree -- ಮರ '''वृक्षकोटर''' -- cavity of a tree -- ಮರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಪೋಟೆ '''वृक्षदेवी''' -- hamadryad -- ವನದೇವತೆ, ಮರದೇವತೆ '''वृक्षमूल''' -- the root -- ಬೇರ್ '''वृक्षरोपण''' -- tree plantation -- ಮರನಡ್‌ಪೊ '''वृक्षवाटिका''' -- a garden -- ಪೂ ತೋಟ, ತೋಟ '''वृक्षवासी''' -- arboreal -- ಮರತ್ ವಾಸ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''वृक्षविज्ञान''' -- dendrology -- ಮರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅರಿವಿಕೆ (ವೃಕ್ಷ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ) '''वृक्षाकार''' -- dendriform -- ಮರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಆಕಾರತ್ತ್‌ರ '''वृक्षाच्छाया''' -- shadow of a tree -- ಮರತ್ತ್‌ರ ನಳ '''वृंत''' -- a stalk -- ತುಂಡ್ ಪೂವ್‌ರ ಕೊತ್ತ್ (ತೊಟ್ಟು) '''वृतांत''' -- a report -- ಸುದ್ಧಿ - ಸಮಾಚಾರ '''वृत्त''' -- circle -- ಉರ್‌ಟ್ '''वृत्तखण्ड''' -- an arch, a sector -- ಕಮಾನ್, ವಲಯ, ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ '''वृत्तचित्र''' -- a documentary -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಪತ್ರಕ್ ಸಂಮಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''वृत्तमुखी''' -- circular -- ಸುತ್ತೋಲೆ '''वृत्ताकार''' -- circular, round -- ಉರ್‌ಟಾನದ್ '''वृत्ति''' -- mentality, instinct -- ಸ್ವಭಾವ, ಹುಟ್ಟ್‌ಗುಣ '''वृत्तिकर''' -- profession tax -- ಕೆಲಸತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕಂದಾಯ, ವೃತ್ತಿ ತೆರಿಗೆ '''वृत्तिकार''' -- a commentator -- ವಿಚಾರ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ವವನ್ '''वृत्तीय''' -- circular -- ಸುದ್ಧಿ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''वृथा''' -- useless, vainly -- ಉಪಯೋಗಕ್ಕ್ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್, ಕೆಲಸಕ್ಕಿಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್. '''वृथा करना''' -- to render ineffective -- ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''वृथात्व''' -- uselessness -- ಉಪಯೋಗಕ್ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್, ಪ್ರಯೋಜನಕ್ ಬಾರತಂತದ್ '''वृथामति''' -- foolish -- ಮೂರ್ಖ, ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತವನ್ '''वृथोक्त''' -- said in vain -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ್‌ತಕ್ಕ್, ತೋರಿಕೆರ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वृथोत्पन्न''' -- born in vain -- ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತ ಪುಟ್ಟ್, ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್ ವ್ಯರ್ಥ '''वृंद''' -- multitude -- ಗುಂಪು '''वृद्ध''' -- old aged -- ಬಯತ್ ಆನದ್ '''वृद्धत्व''' -- old age -- ಬಯತ್ ಕಾಲ '''वृद्धि''' -- increase -- ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಆಪದ್ '''वृद्धिकारी''' -- augmentive -- ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಆನದ್, ವೃದ್ಧಿ ಆನದ್ '''वृश्चिक''' -- a scorpion -- (ಚೇಳ್) ಞಂಡಿರ್‌ಕ '''वृष''' -- bull -- ಗೂಳಿ '''वृषभ''' -- bull -- ಗೂಳಿ '''वृष्टि''' -- rain -- ಮಳೆ '''वृहत्''' -- large -- ಬಲ್ಯದ್, ಉದ್ದ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''वे''' -- they, those -- ಅಯಿಂಗ, ಅವು '''वेंकटेश्वर''' -- epithet of lord Vishnu -- ವೆಂಕಟೇಶ್ವರ '''वेग''' -- speed -- ಚುರ್‌ಕ್, ವೇಗ '''वेगमापी''' -- velocimeter -- ವೇಗತ್ತ್‌ನ ಅಳಪ ಯಂತ್ರ '''वेगवान''' -- speedy -- ಪೇರ್ತ್ ಚುರ್‌ಕಾನದ್ '''वेणिबन्ध''' -- braided hair -- ತಲಮಿರ ಜಡೆ '''वेणी''' -- braided hair -- ಜಡೆ '''वेणु''' -- a flute, a bamboo -- ಪಾಂಗೊಳ, ಪುಂಡ '''वेणुकार''' -- flute maker -- ಪಾಂಗೊಳ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''वेणुवादक''' -- flute player -- ಪಾಂಗೊಳ ಉರ್‌ಪ್‌ವವನ್ '''वेतन''' -- salary, pay, wages -- ಸಂಬಳ '''वेतनजीवी''' -- subsisting on salary -- ಸಂಬಳತ್ ಬದ್‌ಕ್‌ವವನ್ '''वेतनभोगी''' -- salaried -- ಸಂಬಳ ಎಡ್‌ಪವನ್, ಸಂಬಳಕಾರ '''वेतस''' -- a cane -- ತೂರ '''वेताल''' -- a goblin -- ಪಿಶಾಚಿ, ಭೂತ, ಕೂಳಿ '''वेत्ता''' -- one who knows -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಅರ್ಂಜಂವೊ '''वेत्र''' -- a cane -- ತೂರ '''वेद''' -- most ancient and sacred scripts of the Hindus -- ವೇದ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''वेद निंदक''' -- an unbeliever -- ವೇದತ್ತ್‌ನ ನಂಬತ್ತವನ್ '''वेद वचन''' -- vedic text -- ವೇದತ್ತ್‌ರ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''वेद संस्कृत''' -- the Sanskrit used in vedic literature -- ವೇದ ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ಭಾಷೆ '''वेदकर्ता''' -- composer of Vedas -- ವೇದ ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ನವೊ '''वेदज्ञ''' -- vedic scholar -- ವೇದತ್ತ್‌ರ ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ '''वेदना''' -- pain -- ನೊಂಬಲ '''वेदनाग्रस्त''' -- afflicted, agony, ache -- ನೊಂಬಲ ಪಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''वेदमंत्र''' -- vedic hymn -- ವೇದ ಮಂತ್ರ '''वेदविहित''' -- enjoined in the Vedas -- ವೇದತ್ತ್ ತೃಪ್ತಿ ಪಡುವಂವ '''वेदव्यास''' -- name of an ancient Hindu sage -- ವೇದ ವ್ಯಾಸ (ಋಷಿ) '''वेदसम्मत''' -- conforming to Vedas -- ವೇದಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮತವಾನದ್ '''वेदांग''' -- branches of Vedas -- ವೇದತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬೋರೆ ಭಾಗ '''वेदांत''' -- one of the six system of Hindu philosophy -- ವೇದಾಂತ '''वेदांतज्ञ''' -- conversant with vedantic philosophy -- ವೇದಾಂತ ಪಡ್‌ಚವನ್ '''वेदांतवादी''' -- one who believes in vedantic philosophy -- ವೇದಾಂತತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ '''वेदांती''' -- conversant with vedantic philosophy -- ವೇದಾಂತಿ '''वेदाध्यायन''' -- study of the Vedas -- ವೇದತ್ತ್‌ರ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ '''वेदाभ्यास''' -- study of the Veda -- ವೇದ ಪಡಿಪವನ್ '''वेदिका''' -- an altar -- ಯಜ್ಞಕುಂಡ್, ಯಜ್ಞವೇದಿಕೆ '''वेदी''' -- an altar, scholar -- ವೇದ ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ, ವೇದಿಕೆ '''वेदोक्त''' -- ordained by Vedas -- ವೇದೋಕ್ತವಾಯಿತ್ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ನದ್ '''वेध''' -- perforation -- ತೂತ್, ತುಂಡ್ '''वेधक''' -- perforator, piercing -- ತೂತ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಕುಯಿಪ ಯಂತ್ರ '''वेधशाला''' -- an observatory -- ಆಕಾಶತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅರಿಯುವ ಜಾಗ '''वेधी''' -- one who pierces -- ಬಲವಂತತ್ ಕುತ್ತ್‌ವವನ್ '''वेला''' -- time, an hour -- ಸಮಯ, ಕಾಲ '''वेल्लन''' -- rolling -- ಉರಳ್‌ವೊ, ಉರ್ಂಡುವ '''वेश''' -- guise, dress, external appearance -- ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಬರಿ, ವೇಶ '''वेश्यावृत्ति''' -- prostitution -- ಸೂಳೆಗಾರಿಕೆ '''वेष्टन''' -- package, enclosure -- ಬೇಲಿ, ಸುತ್ತ ಇಡ್‌ವೊ ಗೋಡೆ '''वैकल्पिक''' -- optional -- ಕಡ್ಡಾಯ ಅಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್, ಇಷ್ಟ ಪಡ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''वैकुंठ''' -- heaven -- ಸ್ವರ್ಗ, ವೈಕುಂಠ '''वैकुंठपुरी''' -- the city of lord Vishnu -- ವಿಷ್ಣು ವಾಸ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ ಜಾಗ, ವೈಕುಂಠ '''वैखरी''' -- articulate speech -- ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ತಕ್ಕ್, ನೇರೆಪರೆವೊ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''वैखानस''' -- an achorite -- - '''वैचारिक''' -- ideological -- ವಿಚಾರ ಪೂರ್ಣವಾನದ್ '''वैचित्र्य''' -- pecularity -- ವಿಚಿತ್ರ '''वैजयंती''' -- a shield -- ಬಾವುಟ, ಪತಾಕೆ, ಗುರಾಣಿ '''वैज्ञानिक''' -- scientist -- ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿ '''वैज्ञानिक वृत्ति''' -- scientific attitude -- ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಕೆಲಸ, ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮನೋಭಾವ '''वैज्ञानिकता''' -- scientific -- ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕವಾನದ್ '''वैतनिक''' -- salaried -- ಸಂಬಳ ಕ್‌ಟ್‌ವೊ '''वैतरणी''' -- Styx, mythological river in hell -- ನರಕತುಳ್ಳ ಪೊಳೆ, ಮೈತರಣಿ '''वैतालिक''' -- minstrel -- ಮಧ್ಯಯುಗತ್ತ್‌ರ ಪಾಟ್‌ಕಾರ ಕವಿ '''वैदग्ध्य''' -- wits, intelligence -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ, ತಿಳ್‌ವಳಿಕೆ '''वैदिक''' -- pertaining to Vedas -- ವೇದಕಾಲಕ್ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''वैदिक युग''' -- the Vedic age -- ವೇದ ಕಾಲ '''वैदुष्य''' -- scholarship -- ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ ವೇತನ, ಓದ್‌ವಯಿಂಗಕ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ ಪಣ '''वैदूर्य''' -- beryl, cat`s eye -- ಪೂಂಞೆ ಕಣ್ಣ್, ಪಚ್ಚೆಕಲ್ಲ್ (ರತ್ನ) '''वैदेशिक''' -- foreign -- ಪರ ದೇಶ '''वैदेशिक कार्य''' -- external affairs -- ಪರದೇಶತ್ತ್‌ರ ವಿಚಾರ '''वैदेही''' -- an epithet of Sita -- ಸೀತೆ, ಸೀತೆರಪೆದ (ವೈದೇಹಿ) '''वैद्य''' -- an ayurvedic physician -- ಮದ್ದ್‌ತಪ್ಪವನ್, ಆರ್ಯುವೇದಿಕ್ ಮದ್ದ್ ತಪ್ಪವನ್ '''वैद्यक''' -- Indian medicinal system -- ಭಾರತೀಯ ವೈದ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''वैद्यशास्त्र''' -- Indian medicinal system -- ಭಾರತೀಯ ವೈದ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''वैध''' -- valid, legal -- ಆಧಾರವುಳ್ಳ, ನ್ಯಾಯಕ್ ಒಳಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಕಾನೂನ್‌ಕೊಳಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''वैधता''' -- validity -- ನ್ಯಾಯ ಸಮ್ಮತ ಆನದ್, ಆಧಾರಸಹಿತವಾನದ್ '''वैधम्र्य''' -- heresy -- ನಾಸ್ತಿಕತೆ, ದೇವಡ ಮೇಲೆ ಭಕ್ತಿ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''वैधव्य''' -- widowhood -- ವಿಧವೆತನ, ಮುಂಡೆ ಬದ್‌ಕ್ '''वैधीकरण''' -- legitimatization, validation, legalisation -- ನ್ಯಾಯ ಸಮ್ಮತ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''वैपरीत्य''' -- nominal formation from -- ಪೆದಕ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಇಪ್ಪನ್ನತ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''वैभव''' -- magnificience -- ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯ, ಸಂಪತ್ತ್, ಸೌಂದರ್ಯ '''वैभवशाली''' -- glorious -- ಕೇಳಿ ಪೋನದ್, ಮಹಿಮೆವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''वैमनस्य''' -- rancour, malice -- ಪಗೆತನ, ಶತ್ರುತನ, ಹೊಟ್ಟೆಕಿಚ್ಚ್ '''वैमात्र''' -- step motherly -- ಚಿಕ್ಕವ್ವನನ್ನಕ್ಕೆ '''वैमानिक''' -- aeronautical -- ಏರೋನಾಟಿಕಲ್ '''वैयक्तिक''' -- individual, personal, private -- ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ, ಸ್ವಂತ '''वैयक्तिकता''' -- individuality -- ಸ್ವಂತಿಕೆ ಆಯಿತುಳ್ಳ '''वैयक्तिकबंध''' -- personal bond -- ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಬಂಧನ '''वैयाकरण''' -- grammarian -- ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ ಪಂಡಿತ '''वैर''' -- enemity, animosity, hostility -- ಪಗೆ, ಶತ್ರುತ್ವ '''वैवाहिक''' -- nuptial, married -- ಮಂಗ್‌ಲಾನದ್ '''वैवाहिक जीवन''' -- married life -- ಮಂಗ್‌ಲಾನ ಬದ್‌ಕ್ '''वैशाख''' -- the second month of Hindu calendar -- ವೈಶಾಖ ತಿಂಗ '''वैशाख नंदन''' -- a donkey -- ಕತ್ತೆ '''वैशाखी''' -- a major Indian festival observed on the full moon of baisakh month -- ಭಾರತತ್ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ ನಮ್ಮೆ '''वैशिष्ट्य''' -- speciality -- ವಿಶೇಷವಾನದ್ '''वैशेषिक''' -- one of the six major systems of Indian philosophy -- ಭಾರತೀಯ ತತ್ವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಆರ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆರ ಒರ್ ಭಾಗ '''वैश्य''' -- trader -- ವೈಶ್ಯ, ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಸ್ಥ '''वैश्यकर्म''' -- business -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''वैश्वानर''' -- an ephithet of the god of fire -- - ಅಗ್ನಿದೇವಂಡ ವಿಶೇಷಪೆದ '''वैषयिक''' -- subjective -- ವಿಚಾರಕ್ ಸಂಮಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''वैष्णव''' -- devotee of Vishnu -- ವಿಷ್ಣುಭಕ್ತಂಗ '''वैसा''' -- of that kind -- ಅನ್ನನೇ, ಆ ರೀತಿ '''वैसा ही''' -- exactly like that -- ನೇರಾಯಿತು ಅನ್ನನೆ '''वो''' -- variant of ´É½þ -- ?ವಹ್? ಶಬ್ದತ್ತ್‌ರ ಉಚ್ಛಾರ ?ವೊ? '''वोट माँगना''' -- to seek vote -- ಓಟ್‌ಕೇಪೋ '''वोटदेना''' -- to vote -- ಓಟ್ ಇಡ್‌ವೊ '''व्यक्त''' -- expressed -- ಪರಂದದ್, ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ನದ್, ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ಚಿ '''व्यक्ति''' -- an individual -- ಒರ್ ಮನುಷ್ಯ, ಒರ್ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ '''व्यक्तिकृत''' -- personalised, individualised -- ಸ್ವಂತ ಕಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್, ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ್‌ವುಳ್ಳದ್. '''व्यक्तिक्रम''' -- metathesis, infraction -- ಉಲ್ಲಂಘನೆ, ನಿಯಮ ಮೀರುವ '''व्यक्तिगत''' -- personal -- ಸ್ವಂತ, ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗತ '''व्यक्तित्व''' -- personality -- ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕವಾಯಿತ್, ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿತ್ವ '''व्यक्तित्वहीन''' -- devoid of personality -- ಮನುಷ್ಯತ್ತವೇ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತವನ್ '''व्यक्तीकरण''' -- personalisation -- ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಕ್ ಸಂಮಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''व्यक्तोच्चार''' -- articulation -- ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಯಿತ್ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವೊ '''व्यंग्य''' -- irony, sarcasm -- ವ್ಯಂಗ್ಯ, ಅಣಕ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ ತಮಾಷಿ '''व्यंग्य कवि''' -- satyric poet -- ವ್ಯಂಗ್ಯ ಕವಿ '''व्यंग्यकार''' -- satirist -- ಅಣಕ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವವನ್, ವ್ಯಂಗ್ಯ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವವನ್ '''व्यंग्यपुष्ट''' -- sarcastic -- ಕಟುವಾನದ್, ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ಕ್ ನೊಂಬಲ ಆಪನ್ನತ್ತದ್ '''व्यंग्यलेखक''' -- a satirist -- ವ್ಯಂಗ್ಯ ಎಳೆತ್‌ಕಾರ '''व्यंग्यार्थ''' -- suggested meaning -- ಅರ್ಥ ಸೂಚನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ವ್ಯಂಗ್ಯ ಅರ್ಥತ್‌ರ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''व्यंग्योक्ति''' -- a sarcasm, a remark, ironical utterance -- ಅಣಕ್ ತಕ್ಕ್, ವ್ಯಂಗ್ಯ ತಕ್ಕ್, ಮನಸ್‌ಕ್ ನೊಂಬಲ ಆಪನ್ನತ್ತ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''व्यग्र''' -- impatient -- ತಾಳ್ಮೆ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ, ಸಹಿಸುವಕ್ ಕೈಯತೆ '''व्यग्रता''' -- restlessness -- ತಾಳ್ಮೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ, ಸಹಿಸುವಕ್ ಕೈಯತ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''व्यग्रमना''' -- impatient -- ತಾಳ್ಮೆ ಇಲ್ಲತವನ್, ಸಹಿಸುವಕ್ ಕೈಯತ್ತವೊ '''व्यंजक''' -- expressive -- ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ವೊ, ಪರೆವೊ '''व्यजन''' -- a fan -- ಕಾತ್‌ರ ಯಂತ್ರ, ಬೀಸಣಿಗೆ '''व्यंजना''' -- suggestions -- ಸೂಚನೆ '''व्यंजित''' -- suggested -- ಸೂಚನೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ತ್ತದ್ '''व्यञ्जन''' -- consonant, dainties -- ವ್ಯಂಜನಾಕ್ಷರ '''व्यतिकर''' -- interference -- ಅಡ್ಡಬಪ್ಪೊ, ತೊಡಕ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''व्यतिक्रांत''' -- transgressed -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಮೀರ್‌ವೊ, ಅತಿಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''व्यतिरेक''' -- difference, contrast -- ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ, ಭಿನ್ನಾಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''व्यतिरेकी भाषा विज्ञान''' -- contrastive linguistic -- ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸವುಳ್ಳ ಭಾಷಾಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''व्यतिहार''' -- reciprocity -- ಪರಸ್ಪರ ಪರಿವರ್ತನೆ, ಕ್ರಿಯೆ ಪಿಂಞ ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆ '''व्यतीत''' -- passed, past -- ಕೈಯಿಂಜ ಪೋನದ್, ಕೈಯಿಂಜದ್ '''व्यतीतकाल''' -- bygone days -- ಕೈಯಿಂಜ ದಿನ '''व्यत्यय''' -- reversal, metathesis, transposition -- ತಿರಿತ್ ಬಪ್ಪೊ, ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ ಆಪೊ '''व्यत्ययवर्ण''' -- metathesis -- ವರ್ಣ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ '''व्यथा''' -- pain agony -- ದುಃಖ, ನೊಂಬಲ, ಪ್ರಾಣ ಸಂಕಟ '''व्यथाकर''' -- agonising -- ಪೇರ್ತ್ ನೊಂಬಲಾಪೊ '''व्यथारहित''' -- free from pain -- ನೊಂಬಲ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''व्यथित''' -- in agony, afflicted -- ಪ್ರಾಣ ಸಂಕಟ '''व्यभिचार''' -- lewdness, debauchery, fornication -- ವ್ಯಭಿಚಾರ ಕಾಮುಕ, ಅಯೋಗ್ಯ, ಕ್ಳ್ ಮಟ್ಟ ಪುಲಿಯಾಟ್ '''व्यभिचारिणी''' -- wanton woman -- ವ್ಯಭಿಚಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್, ಪುಲಿಯಾಡ್‌ಚಿ '''व्यभिचारिता''' -- lewdness -- ಅಯೋಗ್ಯ ನಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಕಾರ, ವ್ಯಭಿಚಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''व्यभिचारी''' -- a debauchee -- ವ್ಯಭಿಚಾರಿ, ಪುಲಿಯಾಡಿ '''व्यभिचारी भाव''' -- transitory mental state -- ಚಂಚಲ ಮನಸ್ಸ್ '''व्यय''' -- expense, cost, outlay -- ಖರ್ಚಿ, ಕ್ರಯ '''व्ययसाध्य''' -- costly, expensive, outlay -- ಕ್ರಯ, ಖರ್ಚಿ, ದುಂಬಿಖರ್ಚಿರ '''व्यर्थ''' -- useless, ineffective, unprofitable -- ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್, ವ್ಯರ್ಥವಾನದ್ ಲಾಭ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''व्यर्थ का काम करना''' -- to beat the air -- ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಇಲ್ಲತ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''व्यर्थता''' -- uselessness -- ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಇಲ್ಲತಿಪ್ಪದ್, ವ್ಯರ್ಥವಾನಂತದ್ '''व्यवकलन''' -- subtraction -- ಕಳೆವೊ '''व्यवच्छिन्न''' -- divided, interrupted -- ಭಾಗ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ತೊಂದರೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪದ್ '''व्यवधान''' -- hindrance -- ತಡೆ, ಅಡ್ಡಿ, ತೊಂದರೆ '''व्यवसाय''' -- profession, vocation, occupation -- ಕೆಲಸ, ಉದ್ಯೋಗ '''व्यवसाय संबंधी''' -- professional -- ಕೆಲಸಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''व्यवस्था''' -- order, system -- ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ, ಆಜ್ಞೆ, ಕಟ್ಟಳೆ '''व्यवस्थादेना''' -- to give a ruling -- ಆಜ್ಞೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''व्यवस्थापक''' -- an organiser -- ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ಮ್ಯಾನೇಜರ್ '''व्यवस्थापन''' -- systematizing -- ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಾಡ್, ಏರ್ಪಾಡ್ ಮಾಡ್ '''व्यवस्थापिका सभा''' -- a legislature -- ಕಾನೂನ್ ಕಾಯಿದೆ ಮಾಡುವ ಸಭೆ '''व्यवस्थाबद्ध''' -- systematized -- ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''व्यवस्थित''' -- methodical -- ಕ್ರಮವುಳ್ಳ ಪದ್ಧತಿರ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ '''व्यवस्थिति''' -- method -- ಪದ್ಧತಿರ ಕ್ರಮ, ನೇಮ ನಿಷ್ಠೆ '''व्यवहत्र्ता''' -- a practitioner -- ವ್ಯವಹಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ವೃತ್ತಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''व्यवहार''' -- behaviour -- ನಡವಳಿಕೆ '''व्यवहार और सिद्धांत''' -- theory and practical -- ಎಣ್ವದ್ ಪಿಂಞ ಮಾಡ್ವದ್ '''व्यवहार करना''' -- to apply -- ಕಾರ್‌ಬಾರ್ ಮಾಡ್ '''व्यवहारकुशल''' -- worldly wise -- ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ, ನಲ್ಲಕಾರ್ಬರ್ ಕಾರ '''व्यवहारवाद''' -- positivism -- ಬೋಂಡ್ಯನ್ನಕ್ಕೆ, ಖಂಡಿತವಾನ '''व्यवहार्य''' -- feasible, practicable -- ಕೈವನ್ನಕ್ಕೆ, ಆಪಪೋಪನ್ನತ್ತದ್ '''व्यवहित''' -- intervened -- ಅಡ್ಡ ಪರೆವ, ಕೊರೆ ಪರೆವವನ್, ಕೊಂಕ್ ಪರೆವ '''व्यवहृत''' -- applied -- ಅನ್ವಯ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ, ಸರಿಯಾನದ್ '''व्यवहृत कला''' -- applied art -- ಸರಿಯಾನ ಕೈಕೆಲಸ '''व्यष्टि''' -- individual -- ಒಬ್ಬ, ಒರ್ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ, ಮನುಷ್ಯ '''व्यष्टि और समाज''' -- the individual and the society -- ಒಬ್ಬ ಪಿಂಞ ಅವಂಡ ಕೂಟಾಮೆ '''व्यष्टिप्रेयवाद''' -- individualistic heronism -- ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿತ್ವತ್‌ರ, ಗಟ್ಟಿಗತನ '''व्यष्टिवाद''' -- individualism -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಟಿ, ತಾಂಡದೇ ನಡಕಂಡು ಎಣ್ಣುವ ಹಟ '''व्यसन''' -- addiction, besetting sin -- ಚಟ, ತೆವುಲ್ '''व्यसन पड़ना''' -- to get addicted -- ತೆವುಲ್ ಉಳ್ಳವ, ಬೋಂಡತಚಾಲ್‌ಕ್ ಬೂವ '''व्यसनी''' -- addicted -- ಚಟ ತುಳ್ಳವನ್, ತೆವುಲ್‌ಕಾರ '''व्यस्क''' -- adult -- ಬಯತ್ತಾನಯಿಂಗ '''व्यस्क मताधिकार''' -- adult franchise -- ಬಯಾತಾನಯಿಂಡ ಮತದಾನ '''व्यस्कता''' -- adulthood -- ಬಯತ್ತ್ ಕಾಲ '''व्यस्त''' -- busy, occupied -- ಪಣಿಲೇ ಮುಳಿ ತುಳ್ಳ, ಪಣಿ ಕೆಜ್ಜಂಡೇ ಇಪ್ಪ '''व्याकरण''' -- grammar -- ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ '''व्याकरण ऐतिहासिक''' -- historical grammar -- ಚಾರಿತ್ರಿಕ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ '''व्याकरण कोटि''' -- grammatical category -- ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ ಕೂಟ್ '''व्याकरणिक''' -- grammatical -- ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ ಕೂಡಿತುಳ್ಳ '''व्याकुचित''' -- expanded -- ಬಲಿಪ, ಉಬ್ಬ್‌ನದ್, ಬಲ್ಯದಾನದ್ '''व्याकुल''' -- perturbed, upset, restless -- ಗಾಬರಿ ಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಕಳವಳಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''व्याकुल हृदय''' -- mentally upset -- ಮಂಡೆ ಸರಿ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ, ಮನಸ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ ಪೋನದ್ '''व्याकुलता''' -- impatience -- ತಾಳ್ಮೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''व्याकृत''' -- composed -- ಗಟ್ಟಿ ಮನಸ್ಸ್ ಮಾಡ್, ಶಾಂತ ವಾನದ್ '''व्याकृति''' -- composition -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ವ, ಉಂಟು ಮಾಡ್‌ವ, ರಚನೆ ಪ್ರಬಂಧ '''व्याकोच''' -- lengthening -- ಉದ್ದ ಮಾಡುವ '''व्याख्या''' -- interpretation -- ತರ್ಜುಮೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ '''व्याख्या करना''' -- to elaborate -- ಬಲ್‌ಚಂಡ್ ಪೋಪ, ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾನ, ವಿವರವಾನ '''व्याख्याकार''' -- commentator -- ವಿವರ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''व्याख्याता''' -- lectures -- ಭಾಷಣ '''व्याख्यात्मक''' -- explanatory -- ತೊರಂದ್ ಪರೆವ '''व्याख्यान''' -- lecture -- ಭಾಷಣ, ವಿಷಯ ಬೋಧನೆ '''व्याख्यानदाता''' -- a lecturer -- ಲೆಕ್ಚರರ್, ಉಪನ್ಯಾಸಕಾರ '''व्याख्येय''' -- worth being annotated -- ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ ಎಳ್‌ದುವಕ್ ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾನದ್ '''व्याघात''' -- interruption -- ತಡೆ ಒಡ್ಡ್‌ವ, ಅಡೆತಡೆ '''व्याघातक''' -- hindrance, contradictory, obstruction -- ತೊಡಕ್, ತೊಂದರೆ '''व्याघ्र''' -- a tiger -- ನರಿ '''व्याघ्रचर्म''' -- tiger skin -- ನರಿರ ತೋಲ್ '''व्याघ्रनख''' -- tiger`s claw -- ನರಿರ ಒಯ್ಯಿ '''व्याघ्रमुखी''' -- tiger faced -- ನರಿ ಮೂಡ್/ ನರಿಡ ಮೂಡ್ '''व्याज''' -- pretext, pretence -- ನೆಪ, ನೆವನ '''व्याज निंदा''' -- ironical censure -- ವ್ಯಂಗ್ಯ ಆಕ್ಷೇಪಣೆ '''व्याजस्तुति''' -- indirect eulogy -- ಬೋಂಡತದ್ ಎಣ್ಣುವ, ಚದಿಪಕುಳ್ಳ ಹೊಗಳಿಕೆ '''व्याजोक्ति''' -- dissimulating statement -- ಸತ್ಯಕ್ ವಿರೋಧಪರಿವ, ಒಳಿಮರೆರತಕ್ಕ್ '''व्याध''' -- hunter -- ಬೋಟೆಕಾರ '''व्याधि''' -- malady -- ರೋಗ, ಕಾಯಿಲೆ '''व्याधि मंदिर''' -- the physical frame -- ಕಾಯಿಲತ್ತ್‌ರ ಗೂಡ್ '''व्याधिकर''' -- causing an ailment -- ಕಾಯಿಲೆಕಾರಣ ಆಪದ್ '''व्याधिग्रस्त''' -- ill -- ಕಾಯಿಲೆ, ಕಾಯಿಲ ಪುಡ್‌ಚಂವೋ, ರೋಗ ಪುಡ್‌ಚಂವೋ. '''व्याधिनाशक''' -- countering malady -- ಕಾಯಿಲೆ ಪೋಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ, ಕಾಯಿಲ ಗುಣಪಡತುವ '''व्याधिमुक्त''' -- free from malady -- ಕಾಯಿಲೆ ಗುಣ/ ರೋಗ ಇಲ್ಲೆತಾಪೊ '''व्याधियुक्त''' -- ailing -- ಕಾಯಿಲೆ ಬೂವ/ ನರಳಿಯಂಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪ '''व्यापक''' -- comprehensive, extensive, wide -- ವಿಶಾಲವಾನ '''व्यापकता''' -- comprehensiveness -- ದುಂಬ ಪಬ್ಬ್‌ನದ್, ವಿಶಾಲತೆ '''व्यापना''' -- to spread -- ಪಬ್ಬ್‌ವ '''व्यापार''' -- trade, business -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ - ವ್ಯವಹಾರ '''व्यापार चिह्न''' -- trademark -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಮುದ್ರೆ, ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಗುರ್‌ತ್ '''व्यापारिक''' -- pertaining to trade -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಕ್ಕ್ ಸಂಮಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''व्यापारिकता''' -- mereautilism -- - ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಕ್ರಮ '''व्यापारी''' -- merchant -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಸ್ಥ '''व्याप्त''' -- pervaded, spread, extended -- ಪಬ್ಬ್‌ನದ್ '''व्याप्ति''' -- extensiveness, permeability, permeation -- ಪಬ್ಬಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''व्याप्य''' -- permeable -- ನುಗ್ಗ್‌ವಂತದ್, ದಾಟುವಂತದ್ '''व्यामोह''' -- illusion -- ಭ್ರಮೆ, ಮರಳ್, ಪಿರಾಂದ್ '''व्यामोहित''' -- under illusion -- ಭ್ರಮೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಮರ್‌ಳಾನದ್ '''व्यायाम''' -- exercise -- ವ್ಯಾಯಾಮ, ಗರಡಿ '''व्यायामशाला''' -- gymnasium -- ಗರಡಿ ಮನೆ '''व्यायामी''' -- an athlete -- ಕಳಿಕಾರ '''व्याल''' -- a serpent, a snake -- ಪಾಂಬ್ '''व्यावर्तक''' -- distinctive, differentiating, distinguishing -- ಬೋರೆ ಆನದ್, ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸವುಳ್ಳದ್, ವಿಶಿಷ್ಠವಾನದ್ '''व्यावर्तक धर्म''' -- differentiating feature -- ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸತ್ತ್‌ರ ಗುಣ '''व्यावर्तन''' -- distinction -- ಬಿನ್ನವಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''व्यावसायिक''' -- professional -- ಪಣಿಲ್ ಅನುಭವ ಪಡಂದವು '''व्यावहारिक''' -- practical -- ಮಾಡ್‌ವಂತದ್, ಪ್ರಾಯೋಗಿಕ, ವ್ಯವಹಾರಿಕ '''व्यावहारिकता''' -- practicality -- ಮಾಡಿತ್ ಕಾಟ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''व्यास''' -- a diameter -- ವ್ಯಾಸ '''व्यासशैली''' -- diffused style -- ಕೇಳಿಪೋನ ರೀತಿ '''व्याहत''' -- infered -- ತೀರ್ಮಾನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ, ಊಹನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ '''व्युत्क्रम''' -- anastrophe -- ಮೂಲ ರೀತಿ '''व्युत्पति वैज्ञानिक''' -- etymologist -- ಶಬ್ದ ಉಚ್ಚಾರಣೆ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಗಾರ '''व्युत्पतिक''' -- derivative -- ಮೂಲ ತಿಂಜ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ವದ್ '''व्युत्पत्ति''' -- derivation -- ಮೂಲ, ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ವದ್ '''व्युत्पन्न''' -- derived -- ಮೂಲತ್ತ್‌ರ, ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿರ ಮೂಲ '''व्युत्पन्नमति''' -- accomplished -- ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ '''व्युत्पपति भ्रामक''' -- false etymology -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ಉಚ್ಚಾರಣೆ, ಶಬ್ದತ್ತ್‌ರ ತಪ್ಪ್ ಉಚ್ಚಾರಣೆ '''व्युत्पपति शास्त्र''' -- etymology -- ಶಬ್ದ ಉಚ್ಚಾರಣೆ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ/ ರೀತಿ '''व्युत्पादन''' -- derivation -- ಮೂಲ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್ '''व्युत्पाद्य''' -- to be explained, derivable, discussed -- ವಿವರವಾಯಿತ್ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ವ ತರ್ಕ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ '''व्यूह''' -- military array -- ಪಡೆಯಾಳಿ ಗುಂಪ್ '''व्यूह निपुण''' -- a strategist -- ಪಡೆರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅರ್ಂಜಿತುಳ್ಳವ, ಯುದ್ಧತಂತ್ರ ಅರ್ಂಜಂವ '''व्यूह रचना''' -- tactical placement -- ಕೆಣಿಲ್ ಪಡೆನ ನಡತ್ಯಂಡ್ ಪೋಪೊ '''व्यूहबद्ध''' -- arrayed strategically -- ಪಡೆಗುಂಪ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ನಲ್ಲೋಣಿ ಅರ್ಂಜವು '''व्योम''' -- the sky -- ಬಾನ್, ಬಾಣ '''व्योम गंगा''' -- the milky way -- ಆಕಾಶ ಗಂಗೆ '''व्योमगामी''' -- sky faring -- ಬಾನತ್ತ್ ಅಡ್ಡಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಸುತ್ತ್‌ವೊ '''व्रजन''' -- wandering -- ಸುತ್ತಿ ಕಳಿಪ, ತಿರ್‌ಗಿ ಕಳಿಪ '''व्रण''' -- boil, ulcer -- ಪುಣ್ಣ್, (ಕಜ್ಜಿ) '''व्रत''' -- a fast -- ಪಯಿಪ್/ ಉಪವಾಸತ್ತಿಪ್ಪ, ಪಟ್ಟಣಿ '''व्रत समापन''' -- conclusion of fast -- ಉಪವಾಸ ವ್ರತತ್‌ನ ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್ '''व्रतभंग''' -- violation of fast -- ಉಪವಾಸ ಮೀರ್‌ವದ್, ಉಪವಾಸವ್ರತಕ್ ತಪ್ಪಿನಡಪ '''व्रती''' -- one who observes fast -- ಉಪವಾಸವ್ರತ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ಪಟ್ಟಣಿ ನಿಂದಂವ '''व्रात्य''' -- a pagan, a non-aryan -- ಮೂರ್ತಿನ ಪೂಚೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ಆರ್ಯ ಅಲ್ಲತ್ತವ '''व्रीडा''' -- bashfulness, modesty -- ಞಾಣಕಳಿಪ ಞಾಣ್-ಚಿಟ್ಟವ '''व्हेल''' -- a whale, marine mammals -- ತಿಮಿಂಗಿಲ, ಸಮುದ್ರತಿಪ್ಪ ಪ್ರಾಣಿ '''श''' -- the first of the conventional sibilant trio ¶É -- ಮೂಂದ್ (ಷ, ಶ, ಸ) ಅಕ್ಷರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಆದ್ಯತ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''शऊर''' -- decency, gentility, respectability -- ಮರ್‍ಯಾದೆ, ಮರ್‍ಯಾದೆ ಉಳ್ಳವನ್ '''शऊरदार''' -- mannerly, gently, respectability -- ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆವುಳ್ಳವು '''शक''' -- doubt, mistrust, suspect -- ಅಗ್ಯಾನ, ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''शक संवत्''' -- an era introduced by emperor -- ರಾಜ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ನ ಒರ್ ಕಾಲತ್ತ್‌ರ ಲೆಕ್ಕ, ಶಕವರ್ಷ '''शकट''' -- a cart, two wheel vehicle -- ಗಾಡಿ/ ದಂಡ್ ಚಕ್ರತ್‌ರ ಗಾಡಿ '''शकर''' -- sugar, a sweet, crystalline substance -- ಸಕ್ಕರೆ, ಮೊದ್‌ರ '''शंकर''' -- lord shiva -- ಶಿವದೇವ, ಈಶ್ವರ '''शकर जवान''' -- sweet spoken -- ರಸ ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಪರೆವ, ಸಕ್ಕರೆಬಾಯ '''शकरकंद''' -- sweet potato -- ಬೆಲ್ಲತ್ ಕಳ್ಂಜಿ '''शकरखोर''' -- one addicted to sweet -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ ಏರತಿಂಬವನ್ '''शकरदानी''' -- sugar pot -- ಸಕ್ಕರೆ ಡಬ್ಬಿ '''शंका''' -- doubt, suspicious, mistrust -- ಅಗ್ಯಾನ, ಸಂಶಯ '''शंका निवारण''' -- allaying doubt, certainty, without doubt -- ಅಗ್ಯಾನ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''शंकाकुल''' -- suspicious, indecision, doubtful -- ಅಗ್ಯಾನ ಪಡ್‌ವನ್ನತದ್ '''शकार''' -- the consonant -- ಒಪ್ಯವಂತದ್, ವ್ಯಂಜನಾಕ್ಷರ '''शंकालु''' -- suspicious nature, dubious, in determinate -- ಅಗ್ಯಾನ ಮನಕಾರ '''शकाष्द''' -- the sak era -- ಪುದಿಯ ಕಾಲ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭ (ಶಕ ಇರಾ) ಶಕಸಂವತ್ಸರ '''शंकास्पद''' -- unsettled, doubtful, of uncertain outcome -- ಅಗ್ಯಾನವುಳ್ಳದ್ ಸಂಶಯ ಪಡಂಡಿಯದ್ '''शंकित''' -- alarmed, consternation, terror -- ಪೋಡ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವ, ಬೊತ್ತ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವ, ಪೋಡಿವುಳ್ಳವ '''शंकित मन''' -- uneasy, apprehensive, fearful about something that might -- ಇರ್ತಕೇಡ್, ಮನಕ್ ಪೋಡಿ ಆಪ '''शकील''' -- beautiful, attractive, fair -- ಚಾಯಿಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''शंकु''' -- a cone -- ಚಂಗ್‌ರ ರೂಪ '''शकुन''' -- omen, augury -- ನಲ್ಲದ್ ಯಾ ಪಾಳ್‌ರ ಗುರ್‌ತ್, ಶಕುನ '''शकुन करना''' -- to commence, work on auspicious moment -- ನಲ್ಲ ಪಣಿಕೆಯುವ ಸಮಯ, ನಲ್ಲಗಳಿಗೆಲ್ ಪಣಿಕ್‌ಳಿವ '''शकुन निकालना''' -- to look for good omen -- ನಲ್ಲ ನೇರ ನೋಟುವ '''शकुन विचार''' -- augury -- ನಲ್ಲದ್ ಯಾ ಪಾಳ್‌ಗುರ್‌ತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ '''शकुन शास्त्र''' -- science if omen -- ಶಕುನ ಸಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''शकुनी''' -- an augur -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವ '''शक्की''' -- sceptic -- ದೇವಡ ಮೇಲೆ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲತವು '''शक्ति''' -- power, competence, ability -- ತಾಕತ್ತ್, ಬಲ, ಶಕ್ತಿ '''शक्ति लगान्य''' -- to compel, to apply force, power to inflame -- ಶಕ್ತಿ ಇಡ್‌ವ, ತಾಕತ್ತ್ ಕಾಟುವ '''शक्तिकुंठन''' -- powerlessness, incompetence, incapacity -- ತಾಕತ್ತ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ '''शक्तिपूजक''' -- worshipper of shakh -- ಶಕ್ತಿನ ಪೂಜುವಂವ '''शक्तिमत्ता''' -- forceful, powerfulness, great power -- ದುಂಬ ತಾಕತ್ತ್ '''शक्तिमान''' -- powerful, great power, strong -- ತಾಕತ್ತ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಶಕ್ತಿವಂತ '''शक्तियुक्त''' -- powerful, potent, forceful -- ತಾಕತ್ತ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಶಕ್ತಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''शक्तिवर्धक''' -- invigorating, energize, tonic -- ಶಕ್ತಿ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಮಾಡಿಯವ '''शक्तिहीन''' -- impotent, powerless, ineffective -- ಶಕ್ತಿ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್, ತಾಕತ್ತ್ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''शक्य''' -- feasible, accomplished, possible -- ಆಪನ್ನತದ್, ಕಯ್ಯುವಂತದ್ '''शक्यता''' -- feasibility, possibility, probable -- ಆಪನ್ನತದ್, ಆಪಪೋಪಂತದ್ '''शक्र''' -- lord Indra -- ಇಂದ್ರ ದೇವ, ದೇವೇಂದ್ರ '''शक्ल''' -- shape, form, countenance -- ರೂಪ, ಆಕಾರ '''शक्ल तक न पहचानना''' -- not to know from adam -- ಆದಿ ಪುರುಷಂಗ್ ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''शक्ल तो देखो''' -- look at the cheek -- ರೂಪತ್ತ್‌ನ ನೋಟ್‌ವ, ಮೂಡ್‌ನ ನೋಟ್, ದವಡೆನೋಟ್ '''शक्ल न दिखाना''' -- to shun a meeting -- ಮೂಡ್ ಕಾಟತೆ '''शक्ल पहचानना''' -- to recognise, to identify, to perceive as existing -- ಗೊತ್ತ್‌ಪುಡಿಪ '''शक्ल बनाना''' -- to wear a strange face -- ಮೂಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಯವ, ರೂಪ ಮಾತ್‌ವ '''शक्ल बिगाडना''' -- to be deformed -- ಮೂಡ್ ಕೆಡ್‌ತ್ಯವ '''शक्ल सुरत''' -- looks, form, shape -- ಮೂಡ್‌ರ ಚಾಯಿ/ ರೂಪ '''शंख''' -- a conch shell -- ಉರ್‌ಪ್‌ವ ಚಂಗ್ '''शंख नाद''' -- blowing of conch shell -- ಚಂಗ್ ಉರ್‌ಪ್‌ವ '''शंख फूँकना''' -- animate, to arouse, inspire -- ತಡಿಕ್ ಪುರ್‌ಡ್ ದುಂಬ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವ '''शंख बजाना''' -- to rejoice -- ಚಂಗ್ ಉರ್‌ಪ್‌ವ, ಕುಸಿಪಡುವ '''शंखाकार''' -- conchate -- ಚಂಗ್‌ರ ಆಕಾರ/ ರೂಪ '''शंखिनी''' -- one of the four major, categories of women according to indian sexology -- ಶಂಕಿನಿ, ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್‌ಡ ಒರ್ ವರ್ಗ '''शख्स''' -- human being -- ಮಾನವ ,ಮನುಷ್ಯ '''शख्सियत''' -- personality, conduct, character -- ಮಾನವ ಗುಣ '''शख्सी''' -- personally, through direct contact, in person -- ಅಯಿಂಗ ಕೈಯಿಂಗಕ್, ತಾನಾಯಿತ್ '''शख्सी''' -- individual, personal, intended for use one person -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಗ್, ತಾಂಡ, ತಾಂಗ್ '''शग़ल''' -- a pastime, recreation, hobby -- ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ, ಕಾಲಕೈಪ '''शग़ल करना''' -- to recreate, to refresh, relaxation -- ಮನಸ್‌ಕ್ ಕುಶಿಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''शजरा''' -- geneological tree -- ವಂಶತ್ತ್‌ರ ಮರ, ವಂಶವೃಕ್ಷ '''शजरा पढ़ना''' -- to read out genealogical tree -- ವಂಶತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅರ್ಂಜವೊ '''शठ''' -- knave, wicked, cunning -- ಕೆಣಿಯ, ಚದಿಯ '''शठ शठे शाठ्यंसमाचरेत''' -- tit for tat -- ಕೆಣಿಕ್ ಕೆಣಿ/ ಮೋಸಕ್ ಮೋಸ '''शत''' -- hundred -- ನೂರ್ '''शत वार्षिकी''' -- centenary -- ನೂರ್ ಕಾಲ, ನೂರಾಂಡ್‌ರ ನಮ್ಮೆ '''शत वार्षिकी समारोह''' -- centenary, celebration -- ನೂರ್ ಕಾಲತ್ತ್‌ರ ಆಚರಣೆ '''शतक बनाय''' -- to score century -- ನೂರ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್/ ನೂರ್ ಪೊಜ್ಜದ್ '''शतदल''' -- the lotus flower -- ತಾವರೆ ಪೂ '''शतधा''' -- in hundred way -- ನೂರ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''शतपत्र''' -- the lotus flower -- ತಾವರೆ ಪೂ '''शतप्रतिशत''' -- cent percent -- ನೂರಾಂಗ್ ನೂರ್ '''शतरंज''' -- a game of chess, a chess board -- ಪಗಡೆರ ಪಲಿಯ, ಪಗಡೆಕಳಿ '''शतरञ्ज का मोहरा''' -- person used as tool -- ಪಗಡೆರ ಕಳಿರ ದಾಳತ್ತ್‌ರನ್ನಕ್ಕೆ, ಮನುಷ್ಯನಪಗಡೆ ದಾಳತ್‌ರೆನ್ನ ಕೆ ಬಳಸಿಯವ '''शतरञ्जी''' -- a chessboard -- ಪಗಡೆಕಳಿರ ಪಲಿಯ '''शतशः''' -- in a hundred ways -- ನೂರಾರ್ ತರ '''शताधिक''' -- over a hundred -- ನೂರಾಂಗುಂಜಿ ಏರ '''शताब्दी''' -- a century, a period of 100 years -- ನೂರ್ ಕಾಲತ್ತ್‌ರ '''शताब्दी समारोह''' -- a centenary celebration -- ನೂರ್ ಕಾಲತ್ತ್‌ರ ಆಚರಣೆ '''शतायु''' -- centenarian -- ನೂರ್ ಬಯತ್‌ಕಾರ '''शतायुध''' -- welding hundred weapons -- ನೂರ್ ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಆಯುಧ ಮಾಡ್ವ '''शतांश''' -- hundredth part -- ನೂರಾಂಡ ಪಾಲ್ '''शती''' -- a collection of hundred -- ನೂರ್ ತರತ್ತ್‌ರಾನ ಕೂಟುವೊ '''शत्रु''' -- an enemy, a foe, antagonist -- ಶತ್ರು '''शत्रु पक्ष''' -- the enemy side -- ಶತ್ರುರ ಕಡೆ '''शत्रु साल''' -- causing woe to the enemy -- ವೈರತ್ವಕ್ ಕಾರಣ '''शत्रुघ्न''' -- destroyer of enemy -- ಶತ್ರುನ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಶತ್ರುನಾಶ ಮಾಡ್‌ನಂವ '''शत्रुंजय''' -- conqueror of enemy -- ಶತ್ರುನ ಗೆದ್ದಂವ '''शत्रुता''' -- enmity -- ವೈರತ್ವ, ಶತ್ರುತನ '''शनाख्त''' -- identification, affiliation, connection -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪೊ, ಕೂಟಿಯವ '''शनाख्त करना''' -- to identify, to recognize -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪೊ, ಪತ್ತೆಮಾಡುವ '''शनि''' -- the seventh of ninth planet -- ಶನಿಗ್ರಹ '''शनिका दृष्टि''' -- under influence of evil status -- ಶನಿದೇವಡ ವಕ್ರದೃಷ್ಟಿ, ಶನಿ ಪೊದ್ದುವ '''शनिवार''' -- saturday -- ಚನಿಯಾಚೆ '''शनैः शनैः''' -- gradually, by degrees, step by step -- ಮೊಟ್ಟ್ ಮೊಟ್ಟ್‌ಕ್, ಮೆಲ್ಲೆಮೆಲ್ಲೆ '''शपथ''' -- oath, swearing -- ಆಣೆ ಇಡ್‌ವ '''शपथ गोपनीयता की''' -- oath of secrecy -- ಗುಟ್ಟ್‌ಲ್ ಆಣೆ ಇಡ್‌ವ '''शपथ ग्रहण करना''' -- to take oath -- ಆಣೆ ಇಡ್‌ವ '''शपथ दिलाना''' -- to administer oath -- ಆಣೆ ಇಡ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ '''शपथ पत्र''' -- an affidavit, written declaration -- ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಪತ್ರ/ ಆಣೆ ಕಾಗದ '''शपथ भंग करना''' -- breach of oath -- ಆಣೆಕ್ ತಪ್ಪ್‌ವೊ '''शफताल्नु''' -- nectarine -- ಪೂರ ತೇನ್ ಕುಡಿಪದ್/ ತೇನ್ ಊತ್‌ವ ಅಮೃತತ್‌ನಂತದ್ '''शफरी''' -- a kind of fish -- ಒರ್ ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಮೀನ್ '''शफा''' -- an act of covering, recovery, curative power -- ವಾಸಿಯಾಪನ್ನತ್ತ ಗುಣ/ ಶಕ್ತಿ '''शब''' -- night -- ಇರ್‌ಲ್ '''शब-ए-महताब''' -- moonlight night -- ನೆಲ್‌ಚಿ ಬೊಳಿರ ಬೈಟ್/ ಇರ್‌ಲ್ '''शब-ए-वसाल''' -- night of amorous dalliance -- ಚಾಯಿಚಂದ, ಕೊದಿಕಳಿರ ಇರ್‌ಲ್ '''शबनम''' -- dew, moisture -- ಪಸೆ, ಮಂಜಿ '''शबनमी''' -- mosquito net -- ಸೊಳ್ಳೆಪರದೆ '''शबल''' -- diverse, variegated, multiform -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆರಂಗ್‌ರ, ತರತರತ್‌ರ '''शबाब''' -- youth, prime of life, vigor -- ಬಾಲ್ಯ '''शबाब फूटना''' -- to be in full bloom -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ಬೀಂದದ್, ನಲ್ಲಬಾಲ್ಯ '''शबीह''' -- description, a portrait, a verbal picture -- ತಪಸೀಲ್, ಚಿತ್ರ '''शंबु''' -- a bivalve snail -- (ಗೊಣ್ಣೆ ಪುಳು) ಕೋಟಂಜಿ '''शब्द''' -- word term -- ಶಬ್ದ '''शब्द भेद''' -- part of speech -- ಶಬ್ದ ಭೇದ, ನಾಮಪದ, ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದ-ಇನ್ನನೆ '''शब्द भेधी''' -- hitting at the sound -- ಶಬ್ದಭೇದಿ ವಿದ್ಯ ಸದ್ದ್‌ಕ್ ಗುರಿಬೆಪ್ಪ '''शब्द रचना''' -- word formation -- ಶಬ್ದ ರಚನೆ '''शब्द रूप''' -- form of word -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ರ ಮಾದರಿ, ಶಬ್ದತ್‌ರ ರೂಪ '''शब्द विरोध''' -- mere vocal opposition -- ವಿರೋದ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''शब्द शास्त्र''' -- lexicography -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ರ ಅರ್ಥ ಎಳ್‌ದುವಕ ಪ್ರತಿ ಶಬ್ದಕೂ ಓರಂದ್ ಗುರ್ತ್ ಬಳಸುವ '''शब्द संक्षेप''' -- abbreviation, short form -- ಶಬ್ದತ್ತ್‌ರ ಚೆರಿಯ ರೂಪ/ ತುಂಡ್ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''शब्द संग्रह''' -- a list of terms in a special field, glossary -- ವಿಶೇಷ ಅರ್ಥ ತಪ್ಪ ಶಬ್ದತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕೂಟ '''शब्द सौकर्य''' -- facility of expression -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ರ/ ಶಬ್ದತ್ತ್‌ರ ಅನುಕೂಲತೆ '''शब्द सौष्ठव''' -- elegance of word -- ಶಬ್ದತ್ತ್‌ರ ಚಾಯಿ/ ಚಾಯಿರ ಶಬ್ದ '''शब्दकोश''' -- a dictionary, justification for lexicons -- ಶಬ್ದ ದುಂಬ್‌ನ ಪುಸ್ತಕ/ ಶಬ್ದ ಕೋಶ '''शब्दगत''' -- related to words -- ಶಬ್ದಕ್ಕ್ ಸಂಮಂಧ ಪಡ್‌ವದ್/ ಶಬ್ದಕ್ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''शब्दग्राम''' -- totality of sound -- ಬರೀ ಸದ್ದ್ '''शब्दचयन''' -- diction -- ಶಬ್ದತ್ತ್‌ರ ರೀತಿ, ಶಬ್ದ ಪ್ರಯೋಗ '''शब्दचित्र''' -- a word sketch -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಲ್ ವಿವರಣೆ '''शब्दजाल''' -- verbosity, prolixity, redundancy -- ಮಿತಿ ಮೀರ್‌ನ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವ '''शब्दपहेली''' -- crossword puzzle -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ರ ಒಳಗುಟ್ಟ್/ ತಕ್ಕ್‌ರ ಚೋದ್ಯ '''शब्दप्रमाण''' -- testimony, affirmation, attestation -- ಆಣೆ ತಕ್ಕ್, ಪ್ರಮಾಣ, ಯೋಗ್ಯತಾಪತ್ರ '''शब्दब्राह्म''' -- the veda considered as revealed sound and word -- ವೇದ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮ '''शब्दशः''' -- verbatim -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕ್ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''शब्दशः अनुवाद''' -- word by word translation -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ರ ತರ್ಜುಮೆ, ಶಬ್ದಶಬ್ದಕೂ ತರ್ಜುಮೆ '''शब्दहीन''' -- speechless, mute, silent -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ/ ಮೂಗ '''शब्दाकार''' -- creator of words -- ಶಬ್ದ ಉಂಟ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''शब्दाडंबर''' -- ampullosity -- ಆಡಂಬರತ್‌ರ ಶಬ್ದಬಳಕೆ '''शब्दातीत''' -- defying, description -- ಶಬ್ದತ್ತ್‌ರ ವರ್ಣನೆ, ಪ್ರತಿಭಟನೆ '''शब्दानुकरण''' -- going word for word -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕ್ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''शब्दानुवाद''' -- literal translation -- ತರ್ಜುಮೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ '''शब्दानुशासन''' -- grammar -- ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ '''शब्दानुसार''' -- literally, strict sense -- ಶಬ್ದ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ನನ್ನಕೆ, ನೇರಾಯಿತು '''शब्दार्थ''' -- literal meaning -- ಶಬ್ದತ್ತ್‌ರ ಅರ್ಥ '''शब्दालंकार''' -- word based figure of speech -- ಶಬ್ದ/ ತಕ್ಕ್‌ರ ಚಾಯಿ, ಅಲಂಕಾರ '''शब्दावली''' -- collection of words, vocabulary, stock of words -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ರ ಗುಡ್ಡೆ/ ಚಾಯಿರ ತಕ್ಕ್, ಶಬ್ದಭಂಡಾರ '''शब्दावृत्ति''' -- word repetition -- ಪುನಃ ಪುನಃ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ವ/ ಎಣ್ಣಾನೆ ಎಣ್ಣುವ '''शब्देंन्द्रिय''' -- ear, organ of hearing -- ಕೆಮಿ '''शब्दों का गोरखधंधा''' -- a cloud of words -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ಲತ್ತ ತಕ್ಕ್/ ರಸಿಲ್ಲತ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''शब्दों में बाँधना''' -- express in words -- ಎಣ್ಣಿತ್‌ಕಾಟ್‌ವ, ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಲೇ ಕೆಟ್ಟಿತ್‌ಡುವ '''शब्दोच्चार''' -- phonation -- ತಕ್ಕ್‌ರ ರೀತಿ, ಶಬ್ದತ್‌ರ ಉಚ್ಚಾರಣೆ '''शंभु''' -- lord shiva -- ಶಿವ '''शम''' -- calmness, peacefulness, quietness -- ಸಮಾದಾನ '''शमन''' -- to pacify, to bring, to appease -- ಸಮಾದಾನ ಪಡ್‌ತ್ವದ್ '''शमन''' -- pacification -- ಸಮಾದಾನ '''शमशीर''' -- a sword, a weapon, armed -- ಬಾಳ್ ಕತ್ತಿ/ ಹತ್ಯಾರ್ '''शमशीर का जौहर''' -- wonders in wielding sword -- ಬಾಳ್‌ಕತ್ತಿನ ತಿರ್‌ಕುವ ಚಮತ್ಕಾರ '''शमा''' -- candle, lamp, light -- ಬೊಳ್‌ಚ, ಬೊಳಿ '''शमा परवाना''' -- the lamp and the moth -- ಮಿನ್ನಂ ಪುಳು, ಬೊಳ್‌ಚ ಪಿಂಞ ನೆಪ್ಪಾತೆ '''शमांतक''' -- disturbing, disquieting, dismaying -- ಅಸಮಾಧಾನ, ತೊಂದರೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''शमादान''' -- candle base -- ಬೊಳ್‌ಚತ್ತ್‌ರ ಅಡಿ, ಬೊಳ್‌ಚಪಾರ್ '''शमित''' -- pacified -- ಸಮಾದಾನ ಪಡ್‌ತ್ತ್‌ವ '''शयन''' -- sleep, slumber, doze -- ವರ್‌ಕ್/ ವರ್‌ಕ್ ತೂಂಗುವ '''शयनकक्ष''' -- bed room -- ಬುದ್ದವ ಕೋಂಬರೆ '''शयनागर''' -- bed room -- ಬುದ್ದವ ಕೋಂಬರೆ '''शय्या''' -- bed, lose, band -- ಕಡಿಕೆ/ ಮೆತ್ತೆ '''शय्यागत''' -- gone to bed -- ಬುದ್ದವಕ್ ಪೋಯೇ '''शय्यासक्त''' -- bed ridden, illness -- ಕಾಯಿಲ/ ಬುದ್ದಂಡಲ್ಲಿ ಆಪ '''शर''' -- an arrow -- ಅಂಬ್ '''शर वृष्टि''' -- a shower of arrow -- ಬಾಣತ್ತ್‌ರ ಸುರಿ ಮಳೆ '''शर संधान''' -- taking aim with an arrow -- ಗುರಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''शरअ''' -- a tradition, convention, a meeting or formal assemble -- ಪದ್ಧತಿ '''शरच्चंद्र''' -- the moon -- ಚಣ್ಣೂರ/ ಚಂದ್ರ '''शरच्चंद्रिका''' -- the autumnal moon -- ನೆಲಚಿ '''शरण''' -- shelter, retreat, asylum -- ತಗ್ಗಿಬಗ್ಗಿತ್, ಶರಣಾಗತಿ '''शरण देव्य''' -- to hambone -- ಮುಟ್ಟ್‌ಕುತ್ತ್‌ವ '''शरणदाता''' -- one who protects -- ಕಾಪವನ್, ಕಾಲ್‌ಕ್ ಬುದ್ದವನ ಕಾಪಾಡುವ '''शरणप्रद''' -- sheltering -- ಕಾಪವನ್ '''शरणस्थान''' -- refuge, the protection, rehabilitation -- ನೆಲೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''शरणार्थी''' -- refugee, dependent -- ನೆಲೆ ಕೇಟವನ್, ನೆಲೆಯಿಲ್ಲತಂವ '''शरण्य''' -- deserving shelter -- ಆಶ್ರಯ ಬಯಿಂದವನ್ '''शरत''' -- the autumn -- ಶರದ್ ಋತು/ ಒರ್ ನಲ್ಲಕಾಲ '''शरबत''' -- a sweet beverage -- ಶರಬತ್ತ್/ ಪಾನಕ/ ಬೆಲ್ಲತ್ ನೀರ್ '''शरम''' -- shame, embarrassment, mortification -- ಞಾಣ '''शरमाना''' -- to feel shy, bashful, diffident -- ಞಾಣಾಪ/ ಞಾಣ ಕಳಿಪ '''शरमाशरमी''' -- out of shyness -- ದುಂಬ ಞಾಣಾ, ಞಾಣತ್‌ಲ್ '''शरवेग''' -- swift as an arrow -- ಬಿರುಸ್ ಬಾಣ '''शरह''' -- rate, detailed account -- ತಪಸೀಲ್ ಲೆಕ್ಕಾಚಾರ '''शरह लगान''' -- rate of rent, a rate of payment made periodically by a tenant -- ಬಾಡಿಗೆ '''शरह सूद''' -- rate of interest -- ಬಡ್ಡಿ ರೀತಿ '''शरहबंदी''' -- list, a series of names, catalog -- ಪಟ್ಟಿ/ ಪೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''शराकत''' -- partnership -- ಕೂಟ್‌ಗಾರಿಕೆ '''शराकतनामा''' -- partnership deed, joint deal, joint interest -- ಎಳ್‌ತ್ ಕುತ್ತು, ಕೂಟ್‌ಗಾರಿಕೆರ ಒಪ್ಪಂದ '''शराफ़त''' -- gentlemanness, moderate, dignify -- ನಲ್ಲರಿಮೆ/ ನಲ್ಲರಿಕೆ '''शराफ़त का पुतला''' -- a thorough gentleman -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ ಉಳ್ಳವನ್/ ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಕೆ ಕಾರ '''शराफ़तको घोलकर पी जाना''' -- to have no sense of gentleness -- ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲತವನ್ '''शराब''' -- wine -- ಕಳ್ಳ್ '''शराब का दौर चलना''' -- to booze -- ಕಳ್ಳ್ ಕುಡಿಕಾರ, ಕಳ್ಳ್ ಚೊಕ್ಕುವ '''शराब बनाना''' -- to brew, fermenting malt, cook up -- ಕಳ್‌ಕಾಚುವ '''शराबखाना''' -- wine shop -- ಕಳ್ಳಂಗಡಿ '''शराबखोर''' -- drunkard, toper, tippler -- ಕಳ್ಳ್‌ಕುಡಿಯ/ ಕುಳ್ಳ್‌ಕುಡಿಕ '''शराबी''' -- drunkard, alcoholic, frequently drunk -- ಕಳ್ಳ್‌ಕುಡಿಯ '''शराबीकबाबी''' -- exercising no temperance in food and drink -- ಮಿತಿ ಮೀರ್‌ನ ಕುಡಿಕಾರ , ತಿಂಬ ಕುಡಿಪಾಲ್ ಮಿತಿ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ '''शराबोर''' -- thoroughly drenched soaked -- ಕಳ್ಳ್ ಕುಡಿಲ್ ಮುಳಿತುಳ್ಳವನ್ '''शरारत''' -- mischief, wickedness, naughty -- ಚೇಷ್ಟೆ '''शरारती''' -- naughty, playful, mischievous -- ಚೇಷ್ಟೆ ಕಾರ/ ಕೇಡ್‌ಕಂಡೆ '''शरारतीपन''' -- naughtyness, mischievousness, playfulness -- ದುಂಬ ಕೇಡ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಯಿಂಗ, ಕೇಡ್ ಕಳಿ '''शरीअत''' -- divine, law, justice -- ದೇವಡನ್ನಕ್ಕೆ '''शरीक शरीके जुर्म''' -- an accomplice -- ತಪ್ಪ್‌ಕಾರಂಡ ಕೂಟಾಳಿ, ಅಪರಾಧಿರ ಕೂಟಾಳಿ '''शरीक होना''' -- to participate, to co-shave, included -- ಕೂಟ್‌ಕಳಿ, ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಡುವ '''शरीफ़''' -- noble, virtuous, gentlemanly -- ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಕೆ, ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ '''शरीफ़ खानदान''' -- noble family, well to do family -- ನಲ್ಲ ಒಕ್ಕಕಾರ '''शरीफ़जादा''' -- son of a gentleman, of noble descent, belonging to a noble family -- ನಲ್ಲ ಅಪ್ಪಂಡ ನಲ್ಲ ಮೋಂವ, ನಲ್ಲ ಒಕ್ಕಕಾರ '''शरीफ़ा''' -- the custard apple -- ರಾಂಫಲ/ ಸೀತಾ ಫಲ '''शरीर''' -- physique, body -- ತಡಿ '''शरीर क्रिया विज्ञान''' -- physiology -- ತಡಿರ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ/ ಜೀವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''शरीर गलना''' -- to decay, decompose, degenerate -- ಕೀಂಜಿ ನಾರ್‌ವ ತಡಿ '''शरीर छूटना''' -- to pass away, to die, to move past -- ಚತ್ತ್‌ಪೋಪ '''शरीर जलना''' -- to run high temperature -- ತಿತ್ತ್‌ರಂತ ಪನಿ '''शरीर में बिजली दौड़ जाना''' -- to be thrilled with excitement -- ತಡಿ ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ತ್ ಪೋಚಿ, ಕುಳ್‌ರ್‌ಪೊರಿ ಪೊಟ್ಟುವ '''शरीर रचना''' -- anatomy, science dealing with the structure of animals and plants -- ದೇಹ ರಚನೆ '''शरीर शास्त्र''' -- physiology -- ತಡಿರ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ '''शरीर संबंध''' -- sexual relationship, intercourse -- ತಡಿಕ್ ಸಂಮಂದ ಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಆಣಾ ಪೊಣ್ಣಾ ಒಂದಾಪ '''शरीर संबंधी''' -- corporeal, physical -- ತಡಿಕ್ ಸಂಮಂದ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''शरीर संस्कार''' -- sixteen rituals of consecration of physical purification prescribed by the Vedas -- ಚತ್ತಕ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ ಪದ್‌ನಾರ್ ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕಾರ್‌ಬಾರ್ '''शरीरत्याग''' -- death, demise, departure -- ಚಾವೋ/ ಚತ್ತ್ ಪೋಪ '''शरीरदंड''' -- physical punishment, to penalise -- ತಡಿಕ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ '''शरीरापर्ण''' -- sacrifice, physical surrender, surrender of the body -- ತಡಿನ ಒಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವ '''शरीरी''' -- corporeal, concrete, physical -- ತಡಿರ '''शरीशंत''' -- demise, death -- ಚತ್ತ್ ಪೋಪ/ ಚಾವು '''शर्करा''' -- sugar, succharose -- ಸಕ್ಕರೆ/ ಚಕ್ಕರೆ '''शर्करामय''' -- sacchariferous -- ಮೊದರ್ ಮಯ/ ದುಂಬಾ ಮೊದ್‌ರ '''शर्त''' -- condition, terms, provision -- ನಿರ್‌ಕ್‌ರ ತಕ್ಕ್, ಶರತ್ '''शर्त लगाना''' -- gamble, to bet, to wages -- ಪಂಥಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ವ '''शर्तबंद''' -- bound, liable, committed -- ಅಡಂಗ್‌ನದ್, ಒತ್ತದ್ '''शर्तिया''' -- unfailing, sure, positively -- ಖಂಡಿತವಾಯಿತು/ ನೇರಾಯಿತು '''शर्ती''' -- conditional, qualified, subject to -- ನಿರ್‌ತ್‌ಕ್ ಒತ್ತದ್ '''शर्म''' -- share, bashfulness, shyness -- ಞಾಣ '''शर्म आना''' -- to be ashamed -- ಞಾಣಾಪ/ ಞಾಣ ಕಳಿ '''शर्म की बात''' -- disgraceful thing -- ಞಾಣಕೇಡ್‌ರ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''शर्म को मारे मुहँ न दिखाना''' -- to hide one’s head -- ಞಾಣಾಯಿತ್ ಮೂಡ್ ಕಾಟತೆ ಇಪ್ಪ '''शर्म पानी पानी होना''' -- to feel thoroughly ashamed -- ಪೇರ್ತ್/ ದುಂಬ ಞಾಣ ಆಪ '''शर्म से गर्दन झुकाना''' -- to have down through shame -- ಞಾಣಾಯಿತ್ ಮಂಡೆ ತಗ್ಗ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವ '''शर्मनाक''' -- thankless, shameful, disgraceful -- ಞಾಂಣ ಕೆಟ್ಟದ್, ಉಪಕಾರ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''शर्मसार''' -- ashamed, shy, bashful -- ಞಾಣಾನವನ್/ ಞಾಣಾಪ '''शर्महया''' -- shame and modesty -- ಞಾಂಣ - ಮಾನ '''शर्माहजुरी''' -- thorough modesty, personal consideration -- ನಲ್ಲ ಮರ್‍ಯಾದೆ '''शर्मिला''' -- shy, bashful, timid -- ಞಾಂಣ, ಧೈರ್ಯ ಇಲ್ಲತಂವ '''शर्वरी''' -- night, dark -- ಬೈಟ್/ ಇರ್‌ಟ್ '''शर्वरीश''' -- the moon -- ಚಣ್ಣೂರ, ಚಂದ್ರ '''शलग़म''' -- turnip -- ಒರ್ ತರಕಾರಿ (ಟರ್ನಿಪ್) ಮೊದ್‌ರ ಮೂಲಂಗಿ '''शलम''' -- a moth -- ಪಾತೆ '''शलाका''' -- a rod, spoke, bar -- ಇರ್ಂಬ್ ಕಂಬಿ '''शलाकापुरुष''' -- a divine personage -- ದೇವ ಮಾನವ '''शल्य''' -- surgical instrument, a thorn -- ಮುಳ್ಳ್, ತಡಿನ ಮುರಿಪ ಸಲಕರಣೆ '''शल्यक्रिया''' -- surgery -- ಮುರಿಪೊ '''शल्यचिकित्सक''' -- surgeon -- ತಡಿನ ಮುರಿಪೊ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ಸರ್ಜನ್ '''शल्ल''' -- exhausted, wearied, fatigued -- ಆಯಾಸ, ಸುಸ್ತಾನದ್ '''शल्ल हो जाना''' -- to be extremely fatigued -- ದುಂಬಾ ಆಯಾಸ ಪಟ್ಟವನ್, ದುಂಬಸುಸ್ತಾನ '''शव''' -- a corpse, dead body -- ಚಾವು/ ಹೆಣ/ ಚತ್ತವಂಡ ತಡಿ '''शव दाह''' -- cremation, to consume by fire -- ಚಾವು ಚುಡ್‌ವ '''शव दाह स्थान''' -- crematorium -- ತೂಟ್ಂಗಳ, ಕೇಕೊಳ '''शवपरीक्षा''' -- autopsy, dissection of a body -- ಚಾವುನ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''शवशाला''' -- mortuary -- ಚಾವು ಬೆಪ್ಪ ಮನೆ '''शश''' -- a rabbit hare -- ಮೊನ '''शशक''' -- rabbit -- ಮೊನ '''शशमाही''' -- six monthly -- ಆರ್‌ತಿಂಗಕೊಮ್ಮ '''शशांक''' -- the moon -- ಚಣ್ಣೂರ '''शशांक शेखर''' -- lord shiva -- ಶಿವ '''शशि''' -- the moon -- ಚಣ್ಣೂರ, ಚಂದ್ರ '''शशिमण्डल''' -- the disc of a moon -- ಚಂದ್ರ ಮಂಡಲ, ಚಣ್ಣೂರ ಗುಂಪ್ '''शस्त्र''' -- an arm -- ಶಸ್ತ್ರ, ಹತ್ತ್ಯಾರ್, ಆಯುಧ '''शस्त्र डाल देना''' -- to surrender arms -- ಹತ್ತ್ಯಾರ್ ಒಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವ '''शस्त्रकार''' -- an armourer -- ಶಸ್ತ್ರ ಪುಡ್‌ಚಂವೊ, ಆಯುಧ ಪುಡ್‌ಚಂವ '''शस्त्रजीवी''' -- a military man, soldier, a person who serves in army -- ಪಡೆಯಾಳಿ '''शस्त्रत्याग''' -- disarmament, abandonment of arms -- ಹತ್ತ್ಯಾರ್ ವರ್ಜಿತ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಆಯುಧ ಬೆಚ್ಚ್‌ರುವ '''शस्त्रधारी''' -- soldier, warrior, armed -- ಪಡೆಕಾರ/ ಪಟ್ಟಾಳಕಾರ '''शस्त्रप्रहार''' -- blow of a weapon -- ಹತ್ತ್ಯಾರ್‌ಲ್ ಪೊಯ್ಯುವ/ ಕೆತ್ತಿತ್ ಕೊಲ್ಲುವ/ ಹತ್ತ್ಯಾರ್ ಬಳಸುವೊ '''शस्त्रविद्या''' -- military science, the science of arms -- ಪಡೆರ ಪಾಟ/ ಆಯುಧ ಕಲೆ '''शस्त्रशाला''' -- armoury, arsenal -- ಹತ್ತ್ಯಾರ್ ಮನೆ/ ಆಯುಧ ಮನೆ '''शस्त्राभ्यास''' -- military exercise, practice of arms -- ಆಯುಧ ಕಲ, ಆಯುಧಾಭ್ಯಾಸ '''शस्त्रास्त्र''' -- arms -- ಶಸ್ತ್ರ/ ಹತ್ತ್ಯಾರ್, ಪಡೆಪೊಪ್ಪ ಆಯುಧ '''शस्त्रीकरण''' -- armament, equipping with arms -- ಆಯುಧ ಬೆಚ್ಚಂಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ, ಆಯುಧಕೂಟುವ '''शस्त्रोपजीवी''' -- fighter, warrior, soldier -- ಪಡೆಯಾಳಿ '''शह''' -- instigation, incitement -- ಪುರ್‌ಡ್ ಪುಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವ, ಆರಂಗೇತುವ '''शहजोर''' -- powerful, forceful, strong -- ತಾಕತುಳ್ಳ, ಬಲವುಳ್ಳ '''शहतीर''' -- a beam, girder -- ಬುಟ್ಟ (ತೊಲೆ) '''शहतूत''' -- mulberry tree and its fruit -- ಚಿಪ್ಪ್‌ಲಿ ಮರ ಪಿಂಞ ಪಣ್ಣ್ '''शहद''' -- honey, very sweat -- ತೇನ್, ಪೇರ್ತ್ ಮೊದ್‌ರ '''शहद की छुरी''' -- honey tongued crook -- ತೇನ್ ಪೋಲೆ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವ, ಸಕ್ಕರೆ ಬಾಯ '''शहद की मक्खी''' -- honey bee -- ತೇನ್ ಪುಳು, ತೇನೊಲಂಜಿ '''शहद धुलना जवान मे''' -- sweet spoken -- ರಸತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವ '''शहद लगाकर चाटना''' -- no returns -- ಪಳಂಜೊಲ್ಲ್ '''शहनाई''' -- a clarinet -- ಒರ್ ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ವಾದ್ಯ, ಶಹನಾಯಿ '''शहनाई बजना''' -- marriage ceremony to commence -- ಮಂಗಲ ಸೂಚನೆ, ಓಲಗ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ, ಮಂಗಲ ಸುರುವಾಪ '''शहर''' -- city, town -- ಪೇಟೆ '''शहर को हवा लगाना''' -- to become urbanised -- ಪೇಟೆರ ಗಾಳಿ ಬೀಜ್‌ನನ್ನಕ್ಕೆ, ಪೇಟೆಬದ್‌ಕ್‌ಕ್ ಬೂವ '''शहर पनाह''' -- city walls -- ಪೇಟೆರ ಗೋಡೆ, ಬತ್ತೇರಿ '''शहरगश्त''' -- city patrol -- ಪೇಟೆ ಸುತ್ತ್‌ವ '''शहरबाश''' -- a citizen, a native, denizen -- ಪೇಟೆಕಾರ '''शहरबाहर''' -- exiled, expelled from the city -- ಪೇಟೆರ ಪೊರಮೆ ದವುತುವ '''शहरी''' -- urban, living in city, citified -- ಪೇಟೆಲುಳ್ಳವ '''शहरीकरण''' -- to make city atmosphere, urbanisation, to become urban -- ಪೇಟೆರನ್ನಕ್ಕೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ, ಪೇಟೆಬಾಳ್‌ಕ್ ಪೋಪ '''शहवत''' -- sexual lust -- ಕಾಮದುಂಬ್‌ನವೊ/ ಮದದುಂಬ್‌ನ '''शहवत परस्ती होना''' -- to be hot with lust -- ಕಾಮದುಂಬಿತ್ ಉಳ್ಳವನ್/ ಮದದುಂಬಿತುಳ್ಳವನ್ '''शहवतपरस्त''' -- sexy, lust, intense sexual desire -- ಕಾಮುಕ, ಕಾಮಪಿರಾಂದ '''शहवतपरस्ती''' -- lustfullness, sexuality, greed -- ಕಾಮಪಿಶಾಚಿ '''शहंशाह''' -- an emperor, king of kings -- ರಾಜಂಡ ರಾಜ, ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ '''शहंशाह जादा''' -- prince -- ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ '''शहंशाहियत''' -- majestic way -- ರಾಜಂಡ ಪೋಲೆ/ ಖನತುಳ್ಳ ಮಾದರಿ '''शहंशाही''' -- princess -- ರಾಜಕುಮಾರಿ '''शहंशाही''' -- majestic -- ರಾಜ ಗಾಂಭೀರ್ಯವುಳ್ಳ '''शहाना''' -- regal, magestic -- ರಾಜಯೋಗ್ಯ, ರಾಜದರ್ಬಾರ್‌ರ '''शहावत''' -- evidence, martyrdom, affidavit -- ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ '''शहावत देना''' -- to give evidence -- ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ ಎಣ್ಣ್ಣುವ '''शहीद''' -- martyr -- ವೀರ ಮರಣ ಪಟ್ಟಯಿಂಗ '''शहीद होना''' -- to be martyr -- ವೀರ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದ್‌ವೊ, ಅಮರನಾಪ '''शहीददिवस''' -- a martyr's day -- ವೀರ ಮರಣಪಟ್ಟಯಿಂಗಡ ದಿನ '''शहीदी''' -- ready to be martyr -- ವೀರ ಮರಣಕ್ ತಯಾರಾನಂವ '''शाइस्तगी''' -- modest, polite, humble -- ಖನಪಟ್ಟ ಮಾಲವ, ಪರಿಶುದ್ಧವಾನ '''शाक''' -- vegetable -- ತರಕಾರಿ '''शाकाहार''' -- vegetarian diet -- ತರಕಾರಿ ಉಂಬಯಿಂಗ '''शाकाहारी''' -- vegetarian, a person who does not eat meat, fish -- ತರಕಾರಿ ಊಟ ತಿಂಬಯಿಂಗ '''शाख़''' -- branch, twig -- ಕೊಂಬ್/ ಮರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕೊಂಬ್ '''शाख निकलना''' -- to find fault -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪೊ '''शाखत''' -- immortal, eternal, perpetual -- ಶಾಶ್ವತವಾಯಿತ್ ಇಪ್ಪಂತದ್, ಮರಣ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''शाखवतता''' -- eternity, permanent, infinite time -- ಎಕ್ಕಲೂ ಇಪ್ಪಂತ್ತದ್, ಸಾಸ್ವೀತ ಆನದ್ '''शाखा''' -- branch, sect -- ವಿಭಾಗ '''शाखा कार्यालय''' -- branch office -- ವಿಭಾಗತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕಚೇರಿ '''शागिर्द''' -- pupil, disciple, student -- ಓದ್‌ವೊ ಮಕ್ಕ/ ಪಡಿಪಯಿಂಗ/ ಶಿಷ್ಯ '''शाजोनादिर''' -- sometimes, once in a while -- ಒರೋರಮ, ಎಕ್ಕೇಂಗಿ '''शांत''' -- quiet, peaceful, silent -- ಶಾಂತಿಲ್, ಮೌನ '''शांतचित्त''' -- unperturbed, peaceful disposition -- ಶಾಂತ ಮನಸ್ಸ್ '''शांतचित्तता''' -- quiexent, making no noise, no disturbing sound -- ಸಮಾಧಾನ ಮನ '''शांति काम''' -- pacific, calm, conciliatory -- ಸಮಾಧಾನ ಶಾಂತಿರ '''शांति रक्षक''' -- defender of peace -- ನೆಮ್ಮದಿನ/ ಶಾಂತಿನ ಕಾಪಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''शांति सन्धि''' -- peace treaty -- ಶಾಂತಿ ಒಪ್ಪಂದ '''शांति सम्मेलन''' -- peace conference -- ಶಾಂತಿ/ ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ ಕೂಟ, ಶಾಂತಿಸಮ್ಮೇಳನ '''शांति स्थापना''' -- restoration of peace, establishment -- ಶಾಂತಿಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ '''शांतिकाल''' -- peace time -- ಶಾಂತಿ ಸಮಯ '''शांतिदाता''' -- pacifier, affording peace -- ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ ತಪ್ಪವನ್ '''शांतिप्रिय''' -- peace loxing -- ನೆಮ್ಮದಿನ ಇಷ್ಟಪಡ್‌ವವ '''शांतिभंग''' -- beach of peace, eruption of disturbances -- ನೆಮ್ಮದಿಕ್ ತೊಡಕ್ '''शांतिमय''' -- peaceful, strife, free from war -- ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ ದುಂಬಿತಿಪ್ಪ '''शातिर''' -- crooked, cunning, wicked -- ಕೆಣಿಕಾರ, ಪಗೆಯ, ಕುತಂತ್ರಿ '''शांतिवाद''' -- pacifism -- ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ / ಶಾಂತಿವಾದ '''शाद''' -- delighted, happy, joy -- ಕುಸಿ, ಸಂತೋಷ '''शादमान''' -- delighted, highly phased, enchanted -- ಕುಸಿ ದುಂಬ್‌ನವೊ '''शादी''' -- marriage, wedding, nuptial -- ಮಂಗಲ '''शादीरचाना''' -- to get married -- ಮಂಗಲಾಪ '''शान''' -- splendor, magnificence, grandeur -- ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಕೆ, ವೈಭವ '''शान शोक़त''' -- grandeus and splendor, pomp and show -- ಶೋಕಿ ಕಳಿಪ '''शानची''' -- a brag, boastful, braggadocio -- ತಾನೇ ಹೊಗಳಿಯವ, ಬಳ್ಳ್ ಪರೆವವನ್ '''शानदार''' -- magnificent, pompous, splendid -- ಹೊಗಳಿಕೆಕ್ ಪಾತ್ರವಾನದ್, ಭಾರಿಚಾಯುಳ್ಳದ್ '''शाप''' -- cuse, imprecation, fulmination -- ಶಾಪ '''शाप देना''' -- to curse, to imprecate, malediction -- ಶಾಪ ಇಡ್‌ವೊ '''शाप निवृत्ति''' -- liberated from the effect of curse -- ಶಾಪತಿಂಜ ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡೆ '''शापग्रस्त''' -- accursed, fault, charged with a crime -- ಶಾಪ ತಟ್ಟ್‌ನಂವೊ '''शाबाशी''' -- applause, praise, commendation -- ಹೊಗಳಿಕೆ ಪರೆವೊ, ಶಬ್ಬಾಸ್ '''शाबास''' -- excellent, well done -- ಚಾಯತೆ ಮಾಡಿರ/ ನಲ್ಲ ಚಾಯತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''शाब्द''' -- verbal, vocal, literal -- ಶಬ್ದ '''शाब्दिक''' -- verbal, vocal, literal -- ಶಬ್ದ '''शाब्दिक अनुवाद''' -- literate translation -- ಶಬ್ದತ್ತ್‌ರ ಅರ್ಥ '''शाब्दिकता''' -- verbatism, literality, literalism -- ಒರೋರತಕ್ಕ್ '''शाम''' -- evening, dusk, partial darkness -- ಅಂದಿ ಮುಂದಿನೇರ, ಬೈಟಾಪಕ '''शाम को सुबह करना''' -- to keep awake whole night -- ಇಡೀ ಬೈಟ್ ಎಚ್ಚರ ತಿಪ್ಪ/ ಜಾರಗಣೆ ಇಪ್ಪ '''शामत''' -- misfortune, ill luck, affliction -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಹಣೆಬರೆ '''शामत आना''' -- to be in for an affliction -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ನೇರ, ದುಃಖಪಡುವ '''शामत का मारा''' -- illfated, jinxed, bringing bad fortune -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ನೇರತ್ ಕೆಣ್ಂಜವೊ, ನಸೀಪ್‌ಕೆಟ್ಟಂವ '''शामत जदा''' -- ill fated, doomed, ill starred -- ಗ್ರಚಾರ ಪುಡ್‌ಚಂವೊ '''शामती''' -- ill fated, unfortunate, end, hopeless -- ದುರಾದೃಷ್ಟಕಾರ, ನಸೀಪ್ ಪಾಳಾನಂವ '''शामिल''' -- included, add, attach -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ, ಒಕ್ಕೂಡಿಯವ '''शामिल करना''' -- to include, comprehend, embody -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟುವ '''शामिल होना''' -- to join, to attach, conjoin -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಡಿಯವ '''शामिलात''' -- partnership, joint interest, participation -- ಪಾಲ್‌ದಾರ '''शामिलाती''' -- held jointly, joint interest, participation -- ಪಾಲ್‌ದಾರಿಕೆ '''शायक''' -- an arrow -- ಅಂಬ್ '''शायद''' -- perhaps, may be, possibly -- ಒರ್ ಸಮಯ '''शायद''' -- a poet -- ಕವಿ '''शायराना''' -- poetic, to write poetry -- ಪದ್ಯ ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ವ/ ಪಾಟ್ ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ವ '''शायरी''' -- poetry -- ಪದ್ಯ '''शाया''' -- published -- ಪ್ರಚಾರ, ಅರಿವಿಕೆ, ಗೊತ್ತ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ, ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆನದ್ '''शाया करना''' -- to publish, to declare, disclose -- ಅರಿವಿಕೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ, ಪ್ರಕಟ ಮಾಡುವ '''शायिका''' -- a sleeping berth -- ಬುದ್ದವ ಚಾಗ '''शायित''' -- sleeping, lying, falsity -- ಬುದ್ದವ '''शारद''' -- autumnal, born -- ಕುಳ್‌ರ್ ಕಾಲತ್‌ರ, ಶರದೃತುರ '''शारदा''' -- saraswati -- ಸರಸ್ವತಿ, ವಿದ್ಯಾ ದೇವತೆ '''शारदीया''' -- autumnal -- ಕುಳ್‌ರ್ ಕಾಲತ್ತ್‌ರ (ಶರದೃತು) '''शारीर''' -- anatomy -- ತಡಿ '''शारीर विद्या''' -- anatomy -- ತಡಿರ ಪಡಿಪ್ '''शारीरिक''' -- physical -- ತಡಿರ '''शार्दूल''' -- tiger -- ನರಿ '''शाल''' -- a shawl, oblong peeve of wool -- ಶಾಲ್, ಪೊದತವ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''शालग्राम''' -- sacred stone worshipped by the vaishnavas -- ಸಾಲಿಗ್ರಾಮ ಕಲ್ಲ್ '''शाला''' -- house, domicite, home -- ಮನೆ '''शालीन''' -- modest, unpretentious, pure -- ಒಳ್‌ಚಿ ಮರೆ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ, ಪರಿಶುದ್ಧ '''शालीनता''' -- modesty, retiring, virtuous -- ಒಳ್‌ಚಿ ಮರೆ ಇಲ್ಲತಯಿಂಗ, ಗುಣವಂತ '''शावक''' -- young one of an animal -- ಕುಟ್ಟಿ (ಪ್ರಾಣಿರ ಕುಂಞಿ) '''शासक''' -- a ruler, king, master -- ಆಳ್‌ವವನ್/ ರಾಜ '''शासकवर्ग''' -- ruling group -- ಆಳ್‌ವಯಿಂಗಡ ಕೂಟ್ '''शासकीय''' -- administrative, governmental, public -- ಆಳ್‌ವಯಿಂಗ, ಸರಕಾರತ್‌ರ '''शासन''' -- administration, government, rule -- ಆಳ್‌ವಿಕೆ/ ಕಾನೂನ್ '''शासन पत्र''' -- government decree, judicial decision, order -- ಕಾನೂನ್, ಸರಕಾರಿ ಕಾನೂನ್ '''शासन व्यवस्था''' -- government -- ಸರಕಾರ '''शासनकर्ता''' -- a ruler, sovereign, a person who rules -- ಆಳ್‌ವಿಕೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''शासनतंत्र''' -- regime, prevailing system, a government in power -- ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಾಡಿಯಂಡುಳ್ಳಯಿಂಗ, ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಾಡುವ ಸರಕಾರ '''शासनांतर्गत''' -- under the administration government -- ಆಡಳಿತಕಾರಡ ಕೈಯಿಲ್ '''शासित''' -- ruled, governed -- ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಾಡುನ '''शासी''' -- governing -- ಆಡಳಿತ ನಡತುವ '''शासी मण्डल''' -- governing body -- ಆಡಳಿತಕಾರಡ ಕೂಟ್ '''शास्ति''' -- a savetion -- ಕಾಪಾಡ್‌ವವನ್/ ರಕ್ಷಣೆಕಾರ '''शास्त्र''' -- scriptures -- ಧರ್ಮಗ್ರಂಥ, ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''शास्त्र चर्चा''' -- study and study of shastra -- ಧರ್ಮತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಚರ್ಚೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''शास्त्र चिन्तक''' -- a learned man -- ಧರ್ಮ ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ, ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ ಅರ್ಂಜಂವ '''शास्त्र विधि''' -- permission of the scripture -- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ ತುಳ್ಳನಕ್ಕೆ '''शास्त्रकार''' -- the author of shastra -- ಧರ್ಮ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ನಂವೊ '''शास्त्रज्ञ''' -- one whois well versed in shastras -- ಧರ್ಮತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪಡ್‌ಚಿತ್ತುಳ್ಳವ '''शास्त्रवर्जित''' -- forbidden by the seripheres -- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರತ್ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್, ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಕ್ ವಿರೋಧವಾನದ್ '''शास्त्रविमुख''' -- profane -- ಅಶುದ್ಧವಾನದ್, ಧರ್ಮತ್‌ಲ್ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''शास्त्रविरुद्ध''' -- herehi -- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಕ್ ವಿರೋಧವಾನದ್ '''शास्त्रसम्मत''' -- approved or ordameld by the seriptures -- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರತ್ತ್‌ನ ಒತ್ತವ '''शास्त्रसिद्ध''' -- proved by the seriptures -- ಧರ್ಮಗ್ರಂಥತ್‌ಲ್ ಸಾಬೀತಾನದ್ '''शास्त्रानुमोदित''' -- approved by the scriptures -- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ ಸಮ್ಮತ, ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಆನದ್ '''शास्त्रानुशीलन''' -- deliberation upon the scripture -- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವಿವರಣೆ ತಪ್ಪದ್ '''शास्त्रार्थ''' -- discussion -- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಮೋಪ್ ಕೂಟ '''शास्त्रीय''' -- scriptural -- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರತ್ತ್‌ಲ್ ಉಳ್ಳನ್ನಕ್ಕೆ '''शास्त्रीय ज्ञान''' -- academic knowledge, educational knowledge -- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅರಿವು '''शास्त्रोकत''' -- as ordained by the shastras -- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರತ್ತ್‌ರನ್ನಕ್ಕೆ, ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ ಪ್ರಕಾರ '''शाह''' -- a king, ruler, supreme -- ರಾಜ, ಆಡಳಿತಕಾರ '''शाह-ए-वक्त''' -- contemporary rulers -- ಒರೇ ಕಾಲತ್ ಬಾಳ್‌ನ ರಾಜಂಗ '''शाहकार''' -- masterpiece -- ಕೇಳಿ ಪೋನದ್ '''शाहजादा''' -- the prince -- ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ '''शाहजादी''' -- a female sovereign, a princess, monasen -- ರಾಜಕುಮಾರಿ, ಮಹಾರಾಣಿ '''शाहबलूत''' -- the oak tree -- ಓಕ್ ಮರ, ಒರ್ ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾನ ಮರ '''शाहराह''' -- the highway -- ರಾಜ ಮಾರ್ಗ, ರಾಜ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''शाहंशाह''' -- an emporer, supreme ruler, a male sovereign -- ರಾಜಾಧಿರಾಜ, ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ '''शाहंशाहिपत''' -- grandeur -- ರಾಜ ಪದವಿ, ರಾಜ ಯೋಗ '''शाहश्वर्च''' -- extravagant, imprudent, prodigal -- ಪೋಲಿ ಬುದ್ದವೊ, ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಚಾಲ್ ಪಡ್‌ಚವೂ, ದಂದ್ರಾಳಿ, ದುಂಬಾ ಖರ್ಚಿಗಾರ '''शाहाना''' -- kingly, stately, splendid -- ಪೇರ್ತ್ ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್, ರಾಜಂಡೆನ್ನಕೆ '''शाहाना जोड़ा''' -- the nuptial suit worn by the bridegroom -- ಮಂಗಲಕಾರಂಡ ಪೊರಪಾಡ್ '''शाही मिज़ाज''' -- regal temperament -- ರಾಜಡಂನ್ನಕ್ಕೆ ಬುದ್ಧಿ, ನಲ್ಲ ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''शिकंजा''' -- a clamp, pressing appliance, grasp -- ಕೊಕ್ಕೆ, ತಾಳ '''शिकंजा कसना''' -- to tighten the clasp -- ಕೊಕ್ಕೆನ ಕೆಣಿಪದ್, ಚಿಲ್‌ಕ್ ಇಡುವ '''शिकंजे में खींचना''' -- to torture -- ಕಷ್ಟ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ, ಪೀಡ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ '''शिकंजे में फँसना''' -- to fall into the clutches -- ಕೆಣಿಲ್ ಕೆಣ್ಂಜಿಪೋಪೊ '''शिकन न पडना''' -- to show no grouse whatever -- ಒರೂ ಕೊರೆ ಕಾಟತೆ, ಪಿರಿ ಪಿರಿಮಾಡತೆ '''शिकम''' -- wrinkle -- ತೋಲ್ ನೆರಿಪುಡಿಪ, ಅಜ್ಜಿ ಪುಡಿಪೊ '''शिकमी''' -- inherent, sub tenant, infixed -- ಮಾಮೂಲ್ ಒಳಬಾಡಿಗೆಕಾರ, ವಾರಗಾರ '''शिकवा''' -- grudge, grouse, grievance -- ಕೊಡ್‌ಪಕ್ ಮನ ನಿಲ್ಲತ ಕೇಡ್‌ಕಿಚ್ಚ್ '''शिकवा शिकायत''' -- grudge, compliants -- ಕೊರೆ ಪರಿವೊ, ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ನನ್ನಕೆ ಕೇಪಂವ '''शिकस्त''' -- defeat, overwhelm, to frustrate -- ಚೋತ್ ಪೋನ ಮನ, ಬುಡ್ಂಜಿಪೋಪ '''शिकस्त खाना''' -- to suffer defeat -- ಚೋತ್ ಪೋಪೊ '''शिकस्त देना''' -- to defeat, overcome, conquer -- ಗೆಲ್ಲ್‌ವೋ '''शिकस्ता''' -- broken, fragmented, forn -- ಚೂರ್ ಚೂರಾಪೊ, ಒಡ್ಂದದ್ '''शिकस्ता हाल''' -- afflicted, trouble, bodily pain -- ತಡಿರನೊಂಬಲ, ತೊಂದರೆ '''शिकायत''' -- complaint, accusation, backbitting -- ಪುಕಾರ್, ದೂರ್ '''शिकायत करना''' -- censure, to complain, un easiness -- ಪುಕಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''शिकायत की किताब''' -- complaint book -- ಪುಕಾರ ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ವೊ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''शिकायती''' -- complainant, regret, grief -- ಪುಕಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''शिकार''' -- a person who suffers from distructive or injurious action, a victim -- ಕಷ್ಟತ್ ಕೆಣ್ಂಜಿ ಪೋನಂವ '''शिकार करना''' -- to pursue with force, to hunt, to chase -- ಬೋಟೆ ಆಡ್‌ವೊ '''शिकार गाह''' -- hunting ground -- ಬೋಟೆ ಆಡ್‌ವೊ ಜಾಗ '''शिकार हात से निकल जाना''' -- a bird to fly away -- ಬೋಟೆ ಕೈತಪ್ಪಿ ಪೋಪೊ '''शिकारा''' -- house boat -- ಬೋಟೆ ಆಡ್‌ವ ದೋಣಿ '''शिकारी''' -- hunter -- ಬೋಟೆಕಾರ '''शिकारी कुत्ता''' -- a hound -- ಬೋಟೆ ನಾಯಿ '''शिकारी जानवर''' -- अरू जनावर मारी खाने पशु -- ಬೋಟೆಯಾಡುವ ಪ್ರಾಣಿ '''शिकारी पक्षी''' -- a bird of prey -- ಬೊಡಿಪಟ್ಟ ಪಕ್ಷಿ, ಬೋಟೆ ಆಡ್‌ನ ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''शिक्षक''' -- a teacher -- ಉಪಾದ್ರಿ '''शिक्षकवर्ग''' -- teaching community, education, academic -- ಉಪಾದ್ರಿಯಡ ಕೂಟ್ '''शिक्षकीय''' -- pertaining to teachers -- ಉಪಾದ್ರಿಯರ್ ಸಂಮಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''शिक्षण''' -- teaching -- ಪಾಠ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ, ಎಳ್ತ್‌ಪಡ್‌ಪ್ಚಿಡುವ '''शिक्षण कला''' -- art of teaching -- ಪಾಠ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ ಕಲೆ '''शिक्षण संस्था''' -- educational institute -- ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ '''शिक्षणवृत्ति''' -- teaching profession -- ಪಾಠ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ ಕೆಲಸ '''शिक्षा''' -- education -- ವಿದ್ಯಾಭ್ಯಾಸ '''शिक्षा दीक्षा''' -- education and initiation -- ವಿದ್ಯಾ ದಾನ '''शिक्षा पद्दति''' -- system of education -- ವಿದ್ಯಾಭ್ಯಾಸತ್ತ್‌ರ ರೀತಿ, ಪದ್ಧತಿ '''शिक्षा विधि''' -- method of teaching -- ವಿದ್ಯೆ ಪಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವ ರೀತಿ '''शिक्षा शास्त्र''' -- pedagogy -- ವಿದ್ಯೆ ಪಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ ರೀತಿ/ ಕಲೆ, ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''शिक्षाप्रद''' -- educative -- ಪಾಠ ಪಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವದ್ '''शिक्षार्थी''' -- student, pupil, any person studies -- ವಿದ್ಯೆ ಪಡಿಪವು '''शिक्षावृत्ति''' -- fellowship -- ವಿದ್ಯೆಕ್ ಒತ್ತ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪದ್ '''शिक्षित''' -- educated, having undergone education -- ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ, ಎಳ್ತ್‌ಪಡ್‌ಚಂವ '''शिक्षु''' -- an apprentice, new trainee -- ಪುದಿಯದಾಯಿತ್ ಪಡಿಪವನ್ '''शिखंडी''' -- a typical fighter in the mahabharat -- ಆಣೂ ಅಲ್ಲ ಪೊಣ್ಣು ಅಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್, ಮಹಾಭಾರತ್‌ರ ಪಡೆಯಾಳಿ ಶಿಖಂಡಿ '''शिखर''' -- peak, pinnacle -- ತುದಿ, ಕುಂದ್‌ರ ಕೊಡಿ '''शिखर सम्मेलन''' -- a summit conference -- ಮೇಲ್ಮಟ್ಟತ್ತ್‌ರ ಸಭೆ '''शिखा''' -- the crown of a cock -- ಕೋಳಿರ ಪೂ (ಕೋಳಿಪೂ) '''शिखी''' -- a peacock -- ನವಿಲ್ '''शिगूफा''' -- bud, blossom, to begin to develop -- ಮೊಗ್ಗ್, ಬೀರ್‌ವಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''शिगूफा खिलाना''' -- to let of a squib -- ಬೀರ್‌ವ ಮೊಗ್ಗ್, ಕಠಿಣ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''शिगूफ्ता''' -- blooming, delighted -- ಬೀರ್‌ವದ್ '''शिंजिनी''' -- the bow string -- ಬಿಲ್ಲ್‌ಕ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ನ ಕೇರ್ '''शिताबी''' -- hasty, speedy, quick -- ಚುರ್‌ಕ್, ಬೆರಿಯ '''शिताबीपन''' -- hastiness, rashness, unduly quickness -- ಬೋಂಡತ ಚುರ್‌ಕ್, ದುಡ್‌ಕ್, ಅವಶ್ಯ ಇಲ್ಲತ ಚುರ್‌ಕ್ ತನ '''शिथिल''' -- lax, tardy, slow -- ಪದೀಲೆ, ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ, ಮೈಂದ '''शिथिल प्रयत्न''' -- a spent up force -- ಮನಸ್ಸಿಲ್ಲತ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ '''शिथिलता''' -- loosened, laxity, weariness -- ಮೈಂದತನ '''शिथिलित''' -- wearied, fatigued, exhausted -- ಮೈಂದ, ಸೋಮಾರಿ '''शिथिलीकरण''' -- act of becoming exhausted, flaccid, tardy -- ಒರ್‌ತರತ್ ಕೈಯ್ಯತಾಪ '''शिद्दत''' -- difficulty, severity, intensity -- ಕಷ್ಟ '''शिनाख्त''' -- identification, affiliation, connection -- ಕಂಡ್‌ಪುಡಿಪೂ, ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''शिया''' -- one of the major set of muslim -- ಮುಸ್ಲಿಂಡಾಲ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಒರ್ (ಜಾತಿ/ಪಂಗಡ) (ಶಿಯಾ) ಕೂಟ್ '''शिरःपीडा''' -- ण्ड्ढठ्ठड्डठ्ठड़ण्ड्ढ़ -- ಮಂಡೆ ನೊಂಬಲ '''शीतोष्ण जलवायु''' -- temperate, climate, moderate, self restrained -- ನಲ್ಲ ಕಾಲಾವಸ್ಥೆ, ಸಮಶೀತೋಷ್ಣ '''शीतोष्णता''' -- temperateness, sober, dispassionate -- ಶಾಂತವಾನ ಪರಿಸರ '''शीत्कार''' -- the sound of thrill or pain -- ನೊಂಬಲತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕೂತ್ '''शीन''' -- frozen, turned into ice, congealed by cold -- ಮಂಜ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟಿ ಪೋಪೊ '''शीन काफ़ दुरूस्त न होना''' -- not to have a flawless pronunciation -- ಸರಿಕ್ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವಕ್ ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತೆ '''शीर''' -- a python, milk -- ತೆಬ್ಬಾಂಬ್/ ಪಾಲ್, ಪೆರ್ಂಬಾಬ್ '''शीर हो जाना''' -- to get mixed -- ಮಿಶ್ರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಮೇಕ್‌ನದ್ '''शीर-र-शकर''' -- milk and sugar -- ಪಾಲ್ ಪಿಂಞ ಸಕ್ಕರೆ '''शीरा''' -- molasses, syrup, energetic liquid -- ಜೋನಿ, ಸಕ್ಕರೆ ಜೋನಿ '''शीराजबन्दी''' -- stitching of the printed forms of a book -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟಿತ್ ಪೊಂದ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''शीराजा''' -- stitching of the back of a book, integration -- ಜೊತೆ ಕೂಟ್‌ವೊ, ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟ್‌ವೊ, ಪುಸ್ತಕತ್‌ರ ಪಾಳೆಕೂಟಿತ್ ಪೊಲ್ಲುವ '''शीराजा बिखरना''' -- to be diffused -- ಪರ್‍ತ್‌ವ (ಹರಡುವಿಕೆ) '''शीरीं''' -- sweet, sugary, melodious -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ '''शीरीं जबान''' -- sweet spoken -- ರಸ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''शीर्ण''' -- broken, worn out -- ಮುರ್ಂಜದ್/ ತುಂಡಾನದ್/ ಪೊಳ್ಂಜದ್, ತೇಂಜಿಪೋನದ್ '''शीर्णता''' -- wearing out -- ಪಳೆಯದಾಯಿತ್ ಕೀತಿ ಪೋಪೊ '''शीर्ष''' -- head, top, foremost -- ಮಂಡೆ/ ಎತ್ತರ/ ತುದಿ '''शीर्ष समाचार''' -- important feature, headline, heading in a news paper -- ವಿಶೇಷವಾನ ಸುದ್ದಿ '''शीर्षक''' -- title -- ತಲೆ ಎಳ್‌ತ್ '''शीर्षच्छेदन''' -- beheading, to cut off the head, kill -- ಮಂಡೆಕೆತ್ತ್‌ವ/ ಕೊಲ್ಲ್‌ವ '''शीर्षत्राण''' -- headwear, head armour, cap -- ಮಂಡೆಕ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟುವದ್/ ತೊಪ್ಯ ಶಿರಸ್ತ್ರಾಣ '''शीर्षबिन्दु''' -- the apex, main point -- ತುತ್ತ ತುದಿ/ ಕೊಡಿ '''शीर्षस्थ''' -- supreme, top, leading -- ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗ್ಂಜಿ ಮೇಲಾನದ್ '''शीर्षस्थान''' -- top position -- ಎತ್ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಜಾಗ/ ಖನಪಟ್ಟ ಸ್ಥಾನ '''शीर्षस्थानीय''' -- leading, chief, most important -- ಖನ ಪಟ್ಟ ಜಾಗಕಾರ, ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥ '''शीर्षासन''' -- a yogic posture where one stands upright on one's head -- ಮಂಡೆ ಕುತ್ತಿನಿಪ್ಪೊ, ಶೀರ್ಷಾಸನ '''शील''' -- modesty, behaviours, moderation -- ಗುಣ ನಡತೆ '''शील धारी''' -- well behaved, well cultured -- ನಲ್ಲ ಗುಣ ನಡತೆವುಳ್ಳದ್/ ನಲ್ಲ ಗುಣಕಾರ '''शील न होना''' -- to have no modesty -- ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲತವನ್, ಮಾನಂಗೆಟ್ಟಂವ '''शीलभंग''' -- outrage of modesty -- ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಕೆನ ಪಾಳಾಕ್‌ವವನ್ '''शीलवान''' -- modest -- ನಲ್ಲ ಗುಣಕಾರ '''शीश''' -- head, upper part of body -- ಮಂಡೆ, ತಡಿರ ಮೇಲೆತ್ತ್‌ರ ಭಾಗ '''शीश ए दिल''' -- as brittle as glass -- ಕನ್ನಡಿರನ್ನತ ಮನವುಳ್ಳವ '''शीश झुकाना''' -- to bow, to submit, surrender -- ಮಂಡೆ ಬಗ್ಗ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ, ಮಂಡೆತಾತುವ '''शीशा''' -- mirror, glass, to reflect in -- ಕನ್ನಡಿ '''शीशी''' -- small bottle -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಕುಪ್ಪಿ '''शीशी सुँधाना''' -- to render senseless -- ಸ್ವಯ ತಪ್ಪಿ ಪೋಪೊ '''शीशे में उतारना''' -- to bring under control -- ಪುಡಿತತ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚವೊ '''शीशे में मुह तो देखो''' -- you don't deserve it -- ನೀಕ್ ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್/ ಲಾಯಕ್ಕಿಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''शुक''' -- a parrot -- ಗಿಣಿ '''शुक्र''' -- semen, venus -- ಶುಕ್ರ ಗ್ರಹ, ವೀರ್ಯ '''शुक्र करना''' -- to thank god -- ದೇವಳ ತೊತ್ತವ '''शुक्रगुजार''' -- grateful, thankful, obliged -- ಸಮಯ ಕೊತ್ತವನ್, ಉಪಕಾರನೆನತಿಯವ, ಕೃತಜ್ಞ '''शुक्रगुजारी''' -- thankfulness, indebted, grateful -- ಸಮಯತ್ ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡ್‌ವನ್, ಕೃತಜ್ಞತೆ, ಉಪಕಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನಾಂಗ್ ವಂದನೆ '''शुक्राचार्य''' -- mythologically, the preceptor of the demon -- ಶುಕ್ರಾಚಾರ್ಯ (ರಾಕ್ಷಸ ಗುರು) '''शुक्राणु''' -- spermatozoon -- ವೀರ್ಯ '''शुक्राना''' -- thanks offering -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ ಬೈಂದವೊ, ವಂದನೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''शुक्राशय''' -- the vesicular semiralis -- ಬೀಜ ಕೋಶ '''शुक्रिया''' -- acknowledgement to, thanks, to express gratitude -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ, ವಂದನೆ '''शुक्रिया अदा करमा''' -- to thank, courtesy, appreciation -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ ಬೈಂದವ '''शुक्लपक्ष''' -- the moon lit half of a lunar month -- ಬೊಳ್‌ತ ಬಾವು, ಬೊಳ್‌ತ ಬಾವುರ ಇದ್‌ಪ್ '''शुगल''' -- hobby, fun, merriment -- ಐಲಾಟ, ಕುಸಿ ಕಳಿ '''शुगल करना''' -- to have fun, play, gaiety -- ಐಲಾಟ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ, ತಮಾಸಿ ಮಾಡುವ '''शुचि''' -- clean, pure, virtuous -- ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಹೇಸಿಗೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್, ಮನಾರವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''शुचिता''' -- purity, cleanness, sacred -- ಪವಿತ್ರತೆ, ಮನಾರತೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''शुंड''' -- elephant trunk -- ಆನೆರ ತುಂಬಿಕೈ '''शुतुरमुर्ग''' -- an ostrich -- ಉಷ್ಟ್ರ ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''शुद्दाचारवादी''' -- puritan -- ತಾಂಡಧರ್ಮತ್‌ನೇ ನಂಬ್‌ನಂವ '''शुद्ध''' -- द्रद्वद्धड्ढ, द्मठ्ठड़द्धड्ढड्ड, unadulterated: -- ನಲ್ಲದ್, ಚಾಯಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಶುದ್ಧ ಆನದ್, ಪವಿತ್ರ '''शुद्धचारवाद''' -- puritanism -- ಧರ್ಮಶುದ್ಧಿವಾದ '''शुद्धता''' -- purity, unadulterated, uncontaminated -- ಶುದ್ಧತೆ, ಪವಿತ್ರತೆ '''शुद्धमति''' -- honest, serupulous, genuine -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ, ನಲ್ಲ ಬುದ್ಧಿ, ಸತ್ಯವಂತ '''शुद्धात्मा''' -- noble, clean -- ನಲ್ಲ ಮನಸ್ಥ, ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ ಉಳ್ಳವನ್ '''शुद्धाद्वैतवाद''' -- philosophical doctrine propounded by medieval saint philosopher -- ತತ್ವ ಜ್ಞಾನಿಯ ಬೋಧನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ ಅದ್ವೈತವಾದ '''शुद्धि''' -- purity, correction, purification -- ಶುದ್ಧ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''शुद्धिकरण''' -- to free from guilt, purification, rectification -- ಶುದ್ಧಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''शुद्धिपत्र''' -- corrigendum, errata -- ಶುದ್ಧ ಪತ್ರ/ ತಿದ್ದೋಲೆ '''शुद्धिसंस्कार''' -- purificatory rite -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆರ ಮಾದರಿ/ ನಲ್ಲ ಆಚಾರ - ವಿಚಾರ, ಶುದ್ಧಮಾಡುವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''शुद्वा''' -- hardened faves -- ನಲ್ಲದ್/ ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಗಟ್ಟಿಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''शुभ''' -- auspicious, good, well being -- ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''शुभकर्म''' -- good deed -- ನಲ್ಲ ಕೆಲಸ '''शुभकांक्षी''' -- well wishes -- ನಲ್ಲದ್ ಬೈಂದವ '''शुभकामनाएँ''' -- a good wishes -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ ಬೈಂದವ '''शुभचिंतक''' -- well wishes -- ನಲ್ಲದ್ ಗೇನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ನಲ್ಲ ಆಶೀರ್ವಾದ '''शुभदर्शन''' -- of auspicious aspect -- ನಲ್ಲದ್ ನೋಟ್‌ವ/ ಕಾಂಬ/ ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ ಕಾಂಬೊ '''शुभमुहूर्त''' -- auspicious moment -- ನಲ್ಲ ನೇರ, ನಲ್ಲನೇರ '''शुभशकुन''' -- a good omen -- ನಲ್ಲ ಲಕ್ಷಣ '''शुभसंदेश''' -- good news, positive information -- ನಲ್ಲ ವರ್ತಮಾನ '''शुभस्यशीघ्र''' -- well done, soon done -- ಬೆರಿಯ ನಲ್ಲದಾಡ್/ ಆಪಚ್ಚಕ್ ಬೆರಿಯ ಮಾಡಿಯವದ್ ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''शुभागमन''' -- welcome, reception, pleasure -- ಬಾರಿ, ಸ್ವಾಗತವುಂಡ್ '''शुभाशीर्वाद''' -- benediction -- ನಲ್ಲ ಆಶೀರ್ವಾದ '''शुभाशुभ''' -- good and evil -- ನಲ್ಲದೂ ಕೆಟ್ಟದೂ '''शुभेच्छु''' -- well wishes, one who wishes well -- (ನಲ್ಲ) ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವ, ನಲ್ಲ ಆಶೀರ್ವಾದ ಮಾಡುವಂವ '''शुभ्र''' -- radiant, shining, clean -- ಮಿನ್ನ್‌ವ - ಶುಭ್ರವಾನದ್ '''शुभ्रता''' -- radiance, whiteness, brightness -- ಮಿನ್ನಿಯಂಡ್, ನಲ್ಲ ಬೊಳ್‌ತಿತೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''शुमार''' -- computing, accounting, calculation -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''शुमार करना''' -- to count -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಇಡ್‌ವ, ಲೆಕ್ಕಮಾಡುವ '''शुमार में न रहना''' -- to be countless -- ಲಕ್ಕ ಮಾಡುವಕಯ್ಯತಚ್ಚಕ್ '''शुरु''' -- beginning, commencement, opening ceremony -- ಆದ್ಯ, ಸುರೂವತ '''शुरु करना''' -- to begin, to initiate, commence -- ಆದ್ಯತ್ತದ್, ಸುರುಮಾಡುವ '''शुरु होना''' -- to commence, to initiate, to start -- ಆದ್ಯತ್ ಮಾಡ್ವ, ಸುರುಮಾಡುವ '''शुरुआत''' -- initiation, beginning, inition -- ಆದ್ಯ, ಸುರು '''शुरुआत करना''' -- to initiate, to make a beginning, to start -- ಆದ್ಯತ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್, ಸುರುಮಾಡುವ '''शुल्क''' -- fee -- ಬೆಲೆ, ಶುಲ್ಕ, ಪೀಸ್ '''शुल्क दर''' -- tariff, charge, cost -- ಬೆಲೆ, ಕ್ರಯ, ಸುಂಖ '''शुल्क पद्दति''' -- inposed customs, tariff system, an official list ortable showing the duties -- ಬೆಲೆ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ವ ರೀತಿ, ಸುಂಕತ್‌ರ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''शुल्कमुक्त''' -- duty free, customs free, tax relief -- ಸುಂಕ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''शुष्क''' -- dried, withered, arid -- ಒಣಂಗ್‌ನದ್ '''शुष्क व्यवहार''' -- unfeeling -- ಲಾಭ ಇಲ್ಲತ ಕಾರ್ ಬಾರ್ '''शुष्कता''' -- dryness, not moist, evaporate -- ಒಣಂಗಿತುಳ್ಳದ್, ಪಸೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''शूक''' -- bristle, stiff, one of the short -- ನಿಗ್‌ರ್‌ತ್ ನಿಪ್ಪೊ, ತಲಮಿ, ಪಂದಿರ ರೋಮ '''शूकर''' -- boar, the uncastrated male swine -- ಪಂದಿ, ಕಂಡ ಪಂದಿ '''शूटिंग''' -- shooting -- ಬೊಡಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''शूद्र''' -- member of fourth class in the Hindu society -- ಹಿಂದೂ ಸಮಾಜತ್ತ್‌ರ ನಾಲನೆ ವರ್ಗ/ ಶೂದ್ರ '''शून्य''' -- empty, void, vacant -- ಖಾಲಿ, ಸೊನ್ನೆ '''शून्यचित्त''' -- absent minded -- ಖಾಲಿ ಮಂಡೆ/ ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತವ, ಎಲ್ಲಿಯೋ ಗೇನತಿಪ್ಪ '''शून्यता''' -- emptyness -- ಖಾಲಿ ಆಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''शून्यभाव''' -- emptiness -- ಒಂದೂ ಅರಿಯ ತಾಪಮನ, ಬುದ್ಧಿಮನಸ್ ಖಾಲಿ ಇಪ್ಪದ್ '''शून्यमनस्क''' -- vacant minded -- ಖಾಲಿ ಮಂಡೆ, ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತಂವ '''शून्यवाद''' -- nihilism -- ಅರ್ಥ ಇಲ್ಲತ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಬಾಕ್, ನಾಸ್ತಿಕವಾದ '''शून्यवादी''' -- nihilist, total rejection of established laws and institutions -- ಮೊಂಡ್ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವವನ್, ಕಾನೂನ್ ಕಾಯಿದೆನ ಕೂಟಾಕತಂವ '''शून्यीकरण''' -- evacuation, discharged, the act or process of evacuating -- ಖಾಲಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವ '''शूर''' -- valiant, brave, gallant -- ಶೂರ, ಧೈರ್ಯಕಾರ '''शूरत्व''' -- heroism -- ಪರಾಕ್ರಮ ಉಳ್ಳವನ್, ಪರಾಕ್ರಮಶಾಲಿ, ಶೂರತನ '''शूरम्मन्य''' -- a self hero -- ಬಂಬಂದ್ ಗೇನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ನಾನೇ ಬಂಬಂದ್ ಅರ್ಂಜಂಡಂವ '''शूरवीर''' -- valiant, brave, courageous -- ಪರಾಕ್ರಮಕಾರ, ಬಂಬ '''शूरसेन''' -- medieval name of mathura -- ಮದ್ಯಕಾಲತ್ತ್‌ರ ಮಥುರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಪೆದ '''शूर्पणखा''' -- notorious sister of Ravana -- ರಾವಣಂಡ ತಂಗೆ, ಶೂರ್ಪನಕಿ '''शूल''' -- sharp or acute pain, distress, illness -- ನೊಂಬಲ, ಚೆಡಿವೊ '''शूल उठना''' -- to suffer from pain -- ನೊಂಬಲ ಅನುಭವ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''शूलदेना''' -- to inflict pain -- ನೊಂಬಲ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ '''शूलधारी''' -- an epithet of lord Shiva -- ತ್ರಿಶೂಲ ಪುಡ್‌ಚವನ್ - ಶಿವ '''शूलना''' -- to inflist pain, sorrow, torment -- ತಡ್‌ಪ ಕೈಯತ ನೊಂಬಲ, ಬೇಜಾರ '''शूलहर''' -- removing pain, relief, alleviation -- ನೊಂಬಲ ಕಮ್ಮಿ/ ಇಲ್ಲೆತಾಪ, ಗುತ್ತಾಮಾಡುವ '''शेख''' -- one of the four major sub-caste of muslim -- ಮುಸ್ಲಿಂಡ ನಾಲ್ ಗುಂಪರ ಒರ್ ಗುಂಪ್ '''शेखचिल्ली''' -- a conventional fool -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲತವನ್, ಮುಟ್ಟಾಳ '''शेर''' -- a lion -- ಸಿಂಹ '''शेष''' -- rest, remaining -- ಬಾಕಿ, ಬಾಕಿ ಆನದ್ '''शै''' -- article, object -- ವಸ್ತು '''शैक्षणिक''' -- academic -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಪಡಿಪ್, ವಿದ್ಯೆಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''शैतान''' -- devil, a mischiegonger -- ಕೂಳಿ, ಪಿಶಾಚಿ '''शैथिलय''' -- osceness, laxity, flaccidity -- ಕೊರುವಾಪ, ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಆಪ, ಸಡಲ '''शैदा''' -- love, crazy -- ಆಸೆ, ಪ್ರೀತಿ '''शैल''' -- rock, hill -- ಕರಿಂಗಲ್ಲ್, ಕುಂದ್ '''शैली''' -- style, diction -- ಪರೆವ ರೀತಿ, ಶಬ್ದ ಪ್ರಯೋಗ '''शोक''' -- sorrow, grief, condolence -- ಬೇಜಾರ, ದುಃಖ '''शोख़''' -- insolent, playful -- ಚೊಕ್ಕ್‌ನದ್, ಅಹಂಕಾರತ್‌ರ '''शोचनीय''' -- critical, anxiety -- ದುಃಖ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್, ತಪ್ಪ್ ತೇಡುವಂವ '''शोध''' -- research, purification -- ಕಂಡ್ ಪುಡಿಪೊ, ತೇಡುವ '''शोभा''' -- grace, elegance, beauty -- ಚಾಯಿ '''शोर''' -- noise, din -- ಕೂತ್, ಗಲಾಟೆ '''शोषण''' -- exploitation -- ತಾಂಡಸ್ಪಾರ್ಥಕ್ಕಾಯಿತ್ ಬಳಸಿಯವ '''शौक़''' -- fondness, fancy -- ಇಷ್ಟ, ಆಸೆ '''शौक़िया''' -- as a hobby -- ಒರ್ ಚಾಳಿ, ಆಸೆ ಪಡ್‌ವ '''शौचालय''' -- toilet, lavatory -- ತೂರ್‌ವ ಜಾಗ (ಕಕ್ಕುಸ್) '''शौहर''' -- husband -- ಒಡಿಯ '''श्रद्धा''' -- faith, veneration -- ನಂಬಿಕೆ '''श्रम''' -- labour -- ಪಣಿ, ಕಷ್ಟ ಪಡ್‌ವೊ '''श्रवण''' -- an ear, audition -- ಕೇಪ, ಕೆಮಿ '''श्रव्य''' -- audible -- ಕೇಪನ್ನತ್ತದ್ '''श्रृंखला''' -- chain, fetters, series -- ಸರಮಾಲೆ, ಕೊಯಿತದ್, ಚಂಙೋಲೆ '''श्रृंखलित''' -- systematic, orderly -- ಕ್ರಮ ಪ್ರಕಾರ '''श्रृंग''' -- top, summit, peak -- ತುದಿ, ಕೊಡಿ, ಉಟ್ಟಿ '''श्रृंगार''' -- the erotic sentiment, love, desire -- ಮನ ಮೆಚ್ಚುವಂತದ್, ಕೊದಿ, ಆಸೆ '''श्रृंगार गीत''' -- amorous song -- ಮನ ಮೆಚ್ಚುವ ಪಾಟ್/ ಕುಸಿಯಾಪ ಪಾಟ್ '''श्रृंगार रस''' -- one of the nine mood in Indian poetics -- ಶೃಂಗಾರ ರಸ ಒಯಿಂಬದ್ ರಸತ್ತ್‌ರ ಒರ್ ರಸ '''श्रृंगारचेष्टा''' -- amorous gesture -- ಕುಸಿಕಳಿ, ಕೊದಿಕಳಿ '''श्रृंगारात्मक''' -- amorous, covet, yearn -- ಆಸೆ ಪಡ್‌ವ, ಕೊದಿಲ್ ಕೆಣ್ಂಜ '''श्रृंगारी''' -- erotic feeling -- ಕಾಮ ಕಳಿರ ಆಸೆ ದುಂಬ್‌ನವನ್ '''श्रृगाल''' -- a jackal -- ಕುರ್ಕ '''श्रेणी''' -- class, category -- ಮಟ್ಟ '''श्रेष्ठ''' -- the best, good -- ಪೇರ್ತ್ ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''श्वास''' -- breath, respiration -- ಉಸ್‌ರ್ ಎಡ್‌ಪ, ಶ್ವಾಸ '''श्वेत''' -- white, bright -- ಬೊಳ್‌ತದ್, ಮಿನ್ನುವದ್ '''ष''' -- the second of the sibilant trio (¶É,¹É,ºÉ) -- ದಂಡನೇ ?ಷ? ಅಕ್ಷರ '''षट''' -- the number six -- ಆರ್‌ನೇ, ಆರ್ '''षट खण्ड''' -- having six parts -- ಆರ್‌ಭಾಗ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''षट चक्र''' -- the six mysterous chakras -- ಆರ್ ಚಕ್ರ '''षटकोण''' -- hexagon -- ಆರ್ ಬರಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಷಡ್ಬುಜಾಕೃತಿ '''षंड़''' -- a bull, bullock -- ಗೂಳಿ '''षड़ अङ्ग''' -- the six principle parts of the body -- ತಡಿರ ಆರ್ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾನ ಭಾಗ '''षड़ ऋतु''' -- the sixth season -- ಕಾಲಲೆಕ್ಕತ್ತ್‌ರ (ಆರ್ ಋತು) '''षड़ शास्त्र''' -- the six school of Indian philosophy -- ಆರ್‌ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''षड़यंत्र''' -- conspiracy, an intrigue -- ಮೋಸತ್ ಕೆಣಿಪೊ, ಪಿತಲಾಟ, ಒಳಸಂಚ್ '''षड़यंत्र रचना''' -- to conspire -- ಕೆಣಿಚಾಲ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ಕೆಣಿಪ '''षड़यंत्रकारी''' -- conspirator -- ಕೆಣಿಪವನ್, ಪಿತಲಾಟಿ, ಕೆಣಿಯ '''षष्टि वर्ष''' -- sixty years -- ಅರ್‌ವದ್ ಕಾಲ '''षोड़श''' -- sixteen the number sixteen -- ಪದ್‌ನಾರ್ '''षोड़शी''' -- a girl of sixtten years of age -- ಪದ್‌ನಾರ್ ಬಯತ್ತ್‌ರ ಮೂಡಿ '''स''' -- the last of the sibilant-trio of the Devnagari alphabet -- ದೇವನಾಗರಿ ಲಿಪಿರ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''संकट''' -- a crisis, emergency, danger, hazard -- ಕಷ್ಟ, ತೊಂದರೆ, ದುಃಖ, ಅಪಾಯ '''संकटापन्न''' -- in distress, in difficulty, afflicted -- ಕಷ್ಟದುಂಬಿತುಳ್ಳದ್, ತಾಪತ್ರೆಲ್ ಕೆಣ್ಂಜದ್ '''सकत''' -- whole, all, entire -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ, ಪೂರ್ತಿ, ಇಡೀ '''सकर''' -- sagar -- ಕಾಲತ್ ನಡಂದದ್ (ನಡಂದ ಕಾಲ) '''संकर''' -- hybrid, cross, intergrate -- ಮಿಶ್ರ ಜಾತಿ '''संकर शब्द''' -- hybrid word -- ಮಿಶ್ರ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''संकरण''' -- heterodyne, cross breeding, hybridization -- ಬೋರೆ ಜಾತಿರ ಕೊಡೆಕೂಡಿತ್ ಪುದಿಯೋರ್ ಜಾತಿಕ್ ಜನ್ಮಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''सँकरा''' -- narrow strait -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಕಾಲುವೆ '''संकलन''' -- compilation, collection, assemblage -- ಕೂಟಿಬೆಪ್ಪ '''संकलनकर्ता''' -- compiler, assembler, summation -- ಕೂಟಿಬೆಪ್ಪವನ್ '''संकलित''' -- compiled, collected, amassed -- ಕೂಟಿಬೆಚ್ಚದ್ '''संकल्प''' -- determination, resolve, resolution -- ದೃಢ ತೀರ್ಮಾನ '''संकल्पवाद''' -- voluntarism -- ದೃಢ ತೀರ್ಮಾನತ್ತ್‌ರ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''संकाय''' -- a faculty, dean of studies, head of the department -- ವಿಭಾಗತ್ತ್‌ರ ಮುಕ್ಕ್‌ರಿ '''संकीर्ण''' -- parochial, narrow -- ಇಕ್ಕಟ್ಟ್, ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತಧರ್ಮಕ್ ಅಡಂಗ್‌ನ ಪ್ರದೇಶಕ್ ಸಂಮಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''संकीर्तन''' -- collective, devotional songs -- ದೇವಡ ಪಾಟ್ '''संकुचित''' -- mean, contracted, narrow -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಮನ, ಚೆರಿಯ ಬುದ್ಧಿರ '''संकुल''' -- crowded, congested, confused -- ಗುಂಪು, ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್, ಜನದುಂಬಿಪೋನ '''संकेत''' -- a sign, signal, hint -- ಗುರ್‌ತ್ '''संकेतक''' -- indicative, a pointer -- ಗುರ್‌ತ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವ '''संकेन्द्रण''' -- concentration -- ಮನಸ್‌ನ ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚವೊ, ಏಕಾಗ್ರತೆ '''संकोच''' -- hitch, hesitation, shyness -- ಞಾಣ, ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ನಿಪ್ಪ '''संक्रमक''' -- infectious, contagious -- ಅಂಟ್‌ವನ್ನತ್ತದ್, ಅಂಟ್ ರೋಗ '''संक्रमण''' -- infection, contagion, transition -- ಅಂಟ್‌ನದ್, ಅಂಟ್ ರೋಗ '''संक्रमणनाशक''' -- disinfection -- ಅಂಟ್‌ನ ರೋಗ ದೂರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್ '''संक्रिया''' -- operation -- ಕೆಲಸ - ಕಾರ್ಯ '''सक्षम''' -- competent, capable -- ಯೋಗ್ಯ, ತಕ್ಕಂವ, ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ ಉಳ್ಳಂವ '''संक्षिप्त''' -- brief, short, summary -- ಚೆರ್ಂಗನೆ, ಚುರ್‌ಕಿತ್ '''संक्षिप्तीकरण''' -- summarization, abridgement -- ಚೆರ್ಂಗನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಚುರ್‌ಕಿತ್ ಎಳ್‌ದುವ '''संक्षुब्ध''' -- turbulent, agitated -- ಜಗಳಗಂಟ, ಪುಂಡ್ ಪೋಕರಿ '''संक्षेप''' -- a compendium, summary, brief -- ಚೆರ್ಂಗನೆ, ಚುರ್‌ಕಿತ್ ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ನದ್ '''संक्षेपाक्षर''' -- initials, abbreviation -- ಚೆರ್ಂಗನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ ಅಕ್ಷರ, ಸುರುವತ ಅಕ್ಷರ ಮಾತ್ರ '''संखिया''' -- arsenic, white arsenic -- ವಿಷ, ಬೊಳ್‌ತ ವಿಷ, ಪಾಷಣ '''सख्त''' -- hard, harsa -- ಗಟ್ಟಿ, ಒರಟ್ '''संख्या''' -- a number, numeral, figure -- ಕಣಕ್ '''संख्यांकन''' -- numbering -- ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ, ಕಣಕೆಡ್‌ಪ '''संग''' -- company, association, contact -- ಕೂಟ್ '''संगठन''' -- computation, reckoning -- ಕೂಟ್‌ಕ್ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್, ಲೆಕ್ಕಾಚಾರ '''संगणन''' -- act or process, organization, union -- ಕೂಟ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಕ್ರಿಯೆ '''संगत''' -- company, accompaniment -- ಕೂಟ್ '''संगति''' -- company, association, consistency -- ಕೂಟ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಜೊತೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ನದ್ '''संगम''' -- confluence, union, junction -- ಕೂಟ್ ಕೂಡ್‌ವ ಜಾಗ/ ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಡ್‌ವ ಜಾಗ '''संगर''' -- battle, fighting -- ಪಡೆ, ಪಡೆ ಪೊಪ್ಪ '''संगलन''' -- fusion -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟ್‌ವ/ ಜೊತೆ ಕೂಟ್‌ವ, ಕರಕುವ, ಬೆಸಗೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''संगाती''' -- companion, an associate -- ಜೊತೆಕಾರ, ಕೂಟ್‌ಕಾರ '''संगिनी''' -- a female companion -- ಜೊತೆಕಾರ್ತಿ, ಕೂಟ್‌ಕಾರ್ತಿ '''संगीत''' -- music -- ಸಂಗೀತ '''संगीतात्मक''' -- musical, melodious -- ಕೇಪಕ್ ಇಂಪಾನದ್ '''संगीन''' -- bayonet -- ತೋಕ್‌ರ ತುದಿರ ಕುತ್ತವ ಚಾಕ್/ ಕತ್ತಿ '''संगृहीत''' -- collected, gathered, compiled -- ಕೂಟ್ ಕೂಟ್‌ನದ್/ ಒಟ್ಟು ಕೂಟ್‌ನದ್ '''संग्रह''' -- collection, compilation -- ಕೂಟ್ ಕೂಟ್‌ನದ್ '''संग्रहालय''' -- a museum -- ಸಾಮಾನ್ ಕೂಟಿಬೆಪ್ಪ ಜಾಗ '''संग्राम''' -- war, battle, fight -- ಪಡೆ, ಯುದ್ಧ '''संघ''' -- federation, union, league -- ಕೂಟ್, ಸಂಘ '''संघटक''' -- component -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟ್‌ವವನ್ '''संघटट्''' -- impact, collision, multitude -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಕೂಟ್, ಅಪ್ಪರಿಪ್ಪರ ಇಡಿಪ '''संघटन''' -- organisation, formation, constitution -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್/ ಗುಂಪ್ '''सघन''' -- dense, thick -- ಮಂದವಾನದ್, ಬಣ್ಣವುಳ್ಳದ್, ನೆಗ್ಗ '''संघर्ष''' -- struggle, conflict, friction -- ಹೆಣಗುವ, ವದ್ದಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಪೋರಾಟ '''संघर्षी''' -- fricative, conflicting, struggling -- ಪೋರಾಟಕಾರ, ವದ್ದಾಡ್‌ವಯಿಂಗ, ಜಗಳತ್‌ರ '''संघीय''' -- federal, aniar -- ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ '''सच''' -- true, right -- ನೇರ್, ಸತ್ಯ '''संचय''' -- accumulation, collection, reserve -- ಕೂಟಿಬೆಪ್ಪ '''संचरण''' -- transmission, movement -- ಓರ್‌ಜಾಗತ್ಂಜಿ ಬೋರೆಜಾಗಕ್ ಅಯಿಪ, ಜಾಗ ಬದಲಾಕುವ '''संचार''' -- communication, movement, transmission -- ಸುದ್ಧಿ ಪಬ್ಬ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ '''संचार व्यवस्था''' -- communication system -- ಸುದ್ಧಿ ಪಬ್ಬ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ ರೀತಿ '''संचारी''' -- comunicable, mobile, moving -- ಹರಡ್‌ವೊ, ಸುದ್ಧಿ ಪಬ್ಬ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ '''संचारेक्षण''' -- monitoring, monitoring system -- ನಿಗ ಇಡ್‌ವೊ, ನಿಗಬೆಪ್ಪರೀತಿ '''संचालक''' -- director, conductor -- ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ನಡತುವಂವ, ಸಂಚಾಲಕ '''संचालन''' -- direction, conduction -- ನಡತ್ವದ್, ಬಟ್ಟೆಕಾಟುವ, ಸಲಹೆ '''संचालित''' -- directed, conducted -- ನಡತ್ತ್‌ನದ್, ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಾಡವನ್, ಬಟ್ಟೆಕಾಟ್‌ನ '''संचित''' -- accumulated, collected, gathered -- ಕೂಟಿಬೆಚ್ಚದ್, ಒಟ್ಟ್ ಕೂಟ್‌ವದ್ '''सजन''' -- husband, lover -- ಒಡಿಯ, ಕೊದಿಕಾರ '''संजाफ''' -- border, cloth border -- ಬಟ್ಟೆರ ಕರೆ, ಸರಹದ್ದ್ '''संजीदगी''' -- solemnity, seriousness, gravity -- ಭಕ್ತಿಭಾವನೆ, ವಿಧಿವಿಧಾನ '''संजोना''' -- in order, to arrange, to keep in shape -- ಕ್ರಮ ಪ್ರಕಾರ '''संज्ञा''' -- noun, denomination, name -- ಪೆದ ಎಣ್ಣುವದ್ (ನಾಮಪದ) ಪೆದ '''संज्ञापन''' -- an advice, notification -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ತಕ್ಕ್, ನಲ್ಲದ್ ಪರೆವೊ '''सँझोरवा''' -- dusk, twilight -- ಅಂದಿ ಮುಂದಿ ನೇರ '''संड''' -- a bull -- ಗೂಳಿ '''सड़न''' -- decay, decomposition -- ಪಾಳಾಪದ್, ಕೀಂಜಿಪೋಪ '''संडा''' -- stout, robust -- ತಾಕತ್, ತಡಿಕಾರ, ಪುಡ್‌ಙನೆ '''संडास''' -- a lavatory, latrine -- (ಕಕ್ಕಸ್) ತೂರ್‌ವ ಜಾಗ '''संत''' -- saint, saintly -- ಸಾದು, ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ '''संतत''' -- continuous -- ಎಡೆಬುಡತೆ '''संतति''' -- offspring, progeny -- ಸಂತಾನ, ಮಕ್ಕಮರಿ '''सतथ्य''' -- factual, with facts -- ನೇರಾನದ್ '''संतप्त''' -- grieved, distressed, troubled -- ಕಷ್ಟತ್ ಕೆಣ್ಂಜವನ್, ದುಃಖತುಳ್ಳವ '''सतर''' -- a line, row, upright -- ಒರ್ ಗೆರೆ, ಸಾಲ್ '''सतरह''' -- seventeen -- ಪದ್ ನೇಳ್ '''संतरा''' -- an orange -- ಪುಳಿ, ಅಡ್‌ಗ್‌ಣಿ ಪುಳಿ '''संतरी''' -- a sentry -- ಪಾರಕಾಪವನ್, ಪಾರಕಾರ '''सतर्क''' -- cautious, vigiliant, alert -- ಎಚ್ಚರತುಳ್ಳ '''सतह''' -- surface, level -- ಮೇಲ್ಮಟ್ಟ '''संतान''' -- issue, progeny -- ಸಂತಾನ/ ಮಕ್ಕಮರಿ '''सताना''' -- to trouble, to harass, to torment -- ಸತಾಯಿಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ, ತೊಂದರೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''संताप''' -- grief, distress, woe -- ದುಃಖ, ಬೇಜಾರ '''सतीर्थ''' -- a co-student -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಪಡಿಪವನ್, ಓದ್‌ವವನ್, ಕೂಟ್‌ಕಾರ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ '''संतुलन''' -- balance, equipoise, equilibrium -- ಸರಿ ಕೆಟ್ಟುವೊ, ಸಮ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''सतून''' -- a pillar -- ಕಂಬ '''संतृप्त''' -- saturated, satiated, gratified -- ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ರ ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ, ಮನ ತೃಪ್ತಿ, ತೃಪ್ತಿ ಪಟ್ಟವು '''सतोगुण''' -- virtue, the quality of purity and goodness, virtuous -- ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಕೆ, ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ '''संतोल''' -- balance, equilibrium, equipoise -- ಸಮಾಸಮ '''सत्''' -- good, pious, virtuous -- ನಲ್ಲದ್, ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ, ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಕೆ '''सत्कर्म''' -- virtuous, action, deed, piety -- ನಲ್ಲ ಕಾರ್ ಬಾರ್, ನಲ್ಲ ಕೆಲಸ '''सत्कवि''' -- good poet -- ನಲ್ಲ ಪಾಟ್ ಎಳ್‌ತ್ತ್‌ಕಾರ (ಕವಿ) '''सत्कार''' -- hospitality, welcome -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ, ತಕ್ಕಾರ, ಸ್ವಾಗತ '''सत्कीर्ति''' -- good name, fame, reputation -- ನಲ್ಲ ಪೆದ, ನಲ್ಲ ಕೇಳಿ '''सत्कृत''' -- welcomed, done well -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ ಬೈಂದವದ್, ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''सत्त''' -- essence, extract, truth -- ಸತ್ಯ '''सत्तर''' -- seventy -- ಎಳ್‌ವದ್ '''सत्ता''' -- being, existence, entity -- ಉಳ್ಳನ್ನತದ್ '''सत्ताईस''' -- twenty seven -- ಇರ್‌ವತ್ತೇಳ್ '''सत्तानवे''' -- ninety seven -- ತೊಂಬತ್ತೇಳ್ '''सत्तावन''' -- fifty seven -- ಅಯಿಂಬತ್ತೇಳ್ '''सत्तासी''' -- eighty seven -- ಎಂಬತ್ತೇಳ್ '''सत्पथ''' -- the path of virtue, goal -- ನಲ್ಲ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ನಲ್ಲ ಗುರಿ '''सत्पात्र''' -- a deserving, worthy, befitting person -- ಪಡಂದವಂತವನ್, ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆವುಳ್ಳ '''सत्फल''' -- good result -- ನಲ್ಲ, ಪಲ '''सत्य''' -- true, veritable -- ಸತ್ಯವಾನದ್, ಸತ್ಯತ್‌ರ '''सत्यनिष्ठा''' -- truthfulness, integrity -- ಸತ್ಯ, ಸತ್ಯ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಸತ್ಯವಂತಿಕೆ '''सत्यवादिता''' -- truthfulness -- ಸತ್ಯ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''सत्याँकन''' -- ratification -- ಒತ್ತಾಸೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ವೊ '''सत्याग्रह''' -- insistence on truth -- ಸತ್ಯಕಾಯಿತ ಹಟ ಕಳಿಪ, ಸತ್ಯಾಗ್ರಹ '''सत्यानाश''' -- complete ruin, total destruction, devastation -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಕೆಡ್‌ತ್‌ವೊ, ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆನ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಸರ್ವನಾಶ '''सत्यापक''' -- verifier -- ಸತ್ಯ ಕಂಡ್‌ಪುಡಿಪವನ್ '''संत्रस्त''' -- terrorised, horrified, frightened -- ಗಾಬರಿ ಪಟ್ಟವನ್, ಬೊತ್ತ್‌ನವನ್ '''सत्र्''' -- a session -- ಸಭೆ, ಅಸೆಂಬ್ಲಿ /ಪಾರ್ಲಿಮೆಂಟ್ ಅಧಿವೇಶನ ಕಾಲ '''सत्व''' -- being, existence, entity -- ಇಪ್ಪನ್ನತದ್, ಉಳ್ಳಂತದ್, ಇಪ್ಪನ್ನತ ವಸ್ತು '''सत्वर''' -- expeditiously, immediately, quickly -- ಚುರ್‌ಕ್‌ಲ್, ಒಡನೇ, ಬೆರಿಯ '''सत्संग''' -- intercourse with piousmen, associateship -- ನಲ್ಲಯಿಂಡ ಕೂಟ್ '''सदक़ा''' -- propitiatory offering, sacrifice, graciousness -- ತ್ಯಾಗ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ, ಬಲಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''सदत्''' -- true and false, good and evil -- ನೇರ್ ಪಿಂಞ ಪೊಟ್ಟ್, ನಲ್ಲದ್ ಪಿಂಞ ಕೆಟ್ಟದ್ '''सदन''' -- a house, house of legislature, chamber -- ಮನೆ ಶಾಸಕಂಗಡ ಕೂಡ್‌ವ ಜಾಗ '''सदमा''' -- a blow, emotional stroke, shock -- ಇಡಿಪೊ, ಗುದ್ದ್‌ವೊ '''सदय''' -- kind, compassionate -- ಕನಿಕರವುಳ್ಳವನ್, ನಲ್ಲ ಮನಕಾರ '''सदर''' -- head, main, chief -- ಮುಖ್ಯಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥ '''संदर्भ''' -- reference, context, allusion -- ಸಮಯಕ್ಕೊತ್ತದ್, ಸಂದರ್ಭ '''संदर्शिका''' -- a guide, manual, handbook -- ಬಟ್ಟೆಕಾಟ್‌ವವನ್ '''संदल''' -- sandal -- ಚಾಂದ್, ಗಂದ '''संदंश''' -- forceps, sting -- ಇಕ್ಕ್‌ಳ, ಚಿಮ್‌ಟ, ತುದಿಲ್ ಮುಳ್ಳ್‌ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''सदस्य''' -- a member -- ಸದಸ್ಯ, ಒರ್ ಮೆಂಬರ್ '''सदा''' -- always, ever -- ಎಕ್ಕಲೂ, ಸದಾಕಾಲ '''सदाक़त''' -- truthfulness, forthrightness -- ಸತ್ಯ ಸಂಧತೆ '''सदाचरण''' -- good, moral conduct -- ನಲ್ಲದ್, ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಕೆ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''सदाचार''' -- morality, moral conduct, virtuous -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ, ನಲ್ಲ ನಡಪ್, ನೀತಿನಿಯಮ '''सदारत''' -- presidentship, chairmanship -- ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ '''सदाशय''' -- genuine, of good faith, noble -- ನಲ್ಲ ನಂಬಿಕೆ, ನಂಬಿಕೆವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''संदिग्ध''' -- doubtful, uncertain, suspicious -- ಅಗ್ಯಾನದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್, ನಿಶ್ಚಯ ಮಾಡ್ವಕ್ ಕೈಯತದ್, ಶಂಸಯ ಪಡಂಡಿಯದ್ '''सदी''' -- a century -- ನೂರ್‌ಕಾಲ, ಶತಮಾನ '''सदुकित''' -- an excellent, remarkable saying -- ನಲ್ಲ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪಟ್ಟತಕ್ಕ್ '''सदुपदेश''' -- good advice, moral teaching -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ವ, ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತಿಕೆ ಪರೆವೊ '''सदुपयोग''' -- proper use, usage, good purposes -- ಸರಿಯಾನ ಬಳಕೆ, ನಲ್ಲಾಂಗ್ ಬಳಸುವ '''संदूक''' -- a box -- ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ, ಚಂದೂಕ '''सदृश''' -- similar, like, alike -- ಒರೇ ಪೋಲೆ '''संदेश''' -- a message -- ವಿಚಾರ, ಅರೀಪ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ, ವರ್ತಮಾನ '''सदेह''' -- body, physical form, bodily -- ತಡಿ, ತಡಿರ, ತಡಿಕೊತ್ತದ್ '''संदेह''' -- a doubt, suspicion, indefinite -- ಅಗ್ಯಾನ, ಶಂಸಯ '''सदैव''' -- always, ever -- ಎಕ್ಕಲೂ, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕಾಲತೂ '''सदोष''' -- faulty, wrong -- ತಪ್ಪ್, ತಪ್ಪ್‌ರ '''सद्भावना''' -- good-will -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ, ನಲ್ಲ ಮನಸ್ '''सद्म''' -- a house, abode -- ಮನೆ '''सद्योजात''' -- newborn, just born -- ಪುದಿಯದಾನ ಪುಟ್ಟ್, ಇಕ್ಕ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್ '''सधना''' -- to be tamed, to be accomplished, completed -- ಪಳಗ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ, ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''सधर्म''' -- co-religious -- ಸಮಾನ ಧರ್ಮ '''सधवा''' -- a woman, whose husband in living -- ಮುತ್ತೈದೆ ಆನ ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್ '''संधान''' -- searching, aiming at, joining together -- ಜೊತೆಕೂಟ್‌ವ, ತೇಡುವ '''संधारण''' -- maintenance, to care, to reserve -- ಪೋಷಣೆ, ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''संधि''' -- a treaty, conjunction, union -- ಒಪ್ಪಂದ, ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''सधूम''' -- smoky, fuming -- ಪೊಗೆ, ಪೊಗೆ ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''संध्या''' -- evening, twilight -- ಅಂದಿ ಮುಂದಿ ನೇರ, ಬೈಟ್ ನೇರ '''सन''' -- an area, an era, a kind of jute -- ಒರ್ ಕಾಲ, ಓರ್‌ಪ್ರದೇಶ, ಓರ್ ತರತ್‌ರನಾರ್ '''सनक''' -- whim, caprice, craze -- ಒರ್ ತರ ಭ್ರಾಂತಿ, ಚಪಲ '''सनकी''' -- eccentric, capricious, crazy -- ಚಂಚಲತೆ, ಚಂಚಲ ಸ್ವಭಾವ '''सनद''' -- certificate, testimonial -- ದೃಢೀಕರಣ ಕಾಗದ, ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಪತ್ರ '''सनम''' -- beloved one, dear, a statue -- ಮೆಚ್ಚ್‌ನಂವ, ಕೊದಿರ '''सनसनाहट''' -- whizzing sound, thrilling sensation -- ಕುಸಿರ ಬೊರ್‌ಚಲ್, ?ಸೂಂ?ದ್ ಸದ್ದ್ '''सनातन''' -- eternal, ancient, orthodox -- ಪಂಡ್ ಕಾಲ, ಪೇರ್ತ್‌ಬಯ್ಯತ್ತ್‌ರದ್ '''सनाभि''' -- concentric, nuclear, with nucleus -- ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಬಿಂದು '''सनाय''' -- a having a patron, protector, guardian -- ಕಾಪಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ರಕ್ಷಣೆಕಾರ '''सनाह''' -- senna, a plant the leaves of which are used as a purgative, -- ಜುಲಾಪ್ ಮದ್ದ್‌ರ ಗಿಡ '''सनियम''' -- regular, with rules -- ನಿಯಮಕ್ಕೊತ್ತದ್ '''सन्''' -- an era, a year -- ಒರ್ ಕಾಲ '''सन्तुष्ट''' -- satisfied, gratified, content -- ಮನಕ್ಕೊತ್ತದ್, ತೃಪ್ತಿಯಾನದ್ '''सन्तोष''' -- satisfaction, gratification, contentment -- ಕುಸಿಯಾನದ್, ತೃಪ್ತಿ '''सन्न''' -- stunned, stupefied, dumb founded, flabbergasted -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವ ಕೈಯ್ಯತಾಪ ಮರ ಕೆಟ್ಟಿ ಪೊಪ, ಬುದ್ಧಿನ ಮಂಕ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''सन्नद्ध''' -- ready, equipped -- ತಯಾರಿ, ತಯಾರಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सन्नाटा''' -- still, silence, quietude -- ಮುಂಡತೆ, ತಕ್ಕ್ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ, ಮೌನ '''सन्निकट''' -- close, proximal, at hand, near by, imminent, approximate, hence -- ಪಕ್ಕ ಪೇರ್ತ್ ಪಕ್ಕ '''सन्निकर्ष''' -- nearness, proximity -- ಪಕ್ಕತುಳ್ಳದೆ '''सन्निधान''' -- juxtaposition, proximity -- ಸನ್ನಿದಾನ (ದೇವಡ ಪಕ್ಕ) '''सन्निधि''' -- juxtaposition -- ದೇವಡ ಸಾನಿಧ್ಯ, ಸಾಮಿಪ್ಯ, ಅಕ್ಕ ಪಕ್ಕ '''सन्निविष्ट''' -- entered, included, proximated -- ಪೇರ್ತ್ ಪಕ್ಕತುಳ್ಳದ್, ಕೂಡಿಪೋನದ್ '''सन्निवेश''' -- entry, entrance, inclusion, insertion -- ಪ್ರವೇಶ, ಸನ್ನಿವೇಶ, ಪಡಿ ಒಳ್‌ಕ್ ಪೋಪಬಟ್ಟೆ '''सन्निहित''' -- implied, vested, lying within -- ತನ್ನ ತಾನೇ ಅರ್ಂಜಂಡದ್ '''सन्मान''' -- respect, honour, prestige -- ಮರ್‍ಯಾದೆ, ಬಹುಮಾನ, ಗೌರವ '''सन्मार्ग''' -- path of virtue, moral, good course -- ಧರ್ಮ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ನಲ್ಲ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''सन्यास''' -- recluse, retire -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಬುಡ್‌ವೊ, ಒಂಟಿಯಾಯಿತಿಪ್ಪ '''संपत्ति''' -- property, estate, wealth -- ಆಸ್ತಿ, ತೋಟ, ಪಣ '''संपदा''' -- health, prosperity, opulence -- ಸುಖ, ಆರೋಗ್ಯ, ಏಳಿಗೆ '''सपदि''' -- at once, quickly -- ಒಡನೆ, ಚುರ್‌ಕ್‌ಲ್, ಬೆರಿಯ, ಅಕ್ಕೆನ್ನೆ '''सपना''' -- a dream -- ಸೊಪನ, ಕೆನಚಿ '''संपन्न''' -- prosperous, rich, well-off -- ಚಾಯಿಉಳ್ಳವನ್, ಬಲ್ಯ ಮನ್‌ಸ್ಸ, ಅನುಕೂಲಕಾರ '''सपरिकर''' -- with paraphernalia, along with attendants -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕೂಡ್‌ಕೂಟಿತ್, ತಾಂಡ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಸಾಮಾನಕೂಟಿತ್ '''सपरिवार''' -- with family -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕುಟುಂಬಕಾರ, ಸಂಸಾರೋಡೆ '''सपरेटा''' -- separated, skimmed -- ಬೋರೆ, ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''संपर्क''' -- contact, liaison -- ಸಂಮಂಧ, ಸಂಪರ್ಕ '''संपर्क अधिकारी''' -- liaison officer -- ಸಂಪರ್ಕಾಧಿಕಾರಿ '''सपर्ण''' -- with having leaves -- ಚಪ್ಪಲೆವುಳ್ಳದ್, ತೊಪ್ಪ್‌ಉಳ್ಳಂತದ್ '''सपाट''' -- flat, plain, smooth, level, even, unfeeling -- ಸಮತ್ತಟ್ಟಾನದ್, ನಯಿಸ್ಸಾನದ್ '''संपात''' -- coincidence -- ಸಹ ಘಟನೆ, ಯೋಗಾಯೋಗ, (ಗಾದಿ) ಕಾಕೆ ಅಳಪಕ ಕೊಂಬ್‌ಪೊಟ್ಟ್‌ಚಿ '''संपादक''' -- an editor -- ಸಂಪಾದಕ '''संपादक मंडल''' -- editorial board -- ಸಂಪಾದಕ ಮಂಡಲಿ, ಸಂಪಾದಕ್ಕಂಗಡ ಕೂಟ್ '''संपादकीय''' -- editorial -- ಸಂಪಾದಕೀಯ '''संपादन''' -- editing, accomplishment -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆಕ್ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಾಡುವ '''संपादित''' -- edited, accomplishment -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''संपीड़न''' -- compression, pressing, squeezing -- ನುರ್‌ಕ್‌ವೊ, ಒದ್‌ಕಿ ಚೆರ್‌ಙನೆಮಾಡುವ '''संपुटक''' -- a matrix -- ಅಚ್ಚ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ ಯಂತ್ರ, ಅಚ್ಚಿ '''सपूत''' -- a worthy or dutiful son -- ಸುಪುತ್ರ, ನಲ್ಲ ಮೋಂವ '''संपूरक''' -- a supplement, supplementary -- ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಕೂಟ್‌ವೊ, ಪಾಳೆಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಕೂಟ್‌ನದ್ '''संपूर्ण''' -- whole, entire, complete -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ, ಎಲ್ಲಾ, ಇಡೀ '''संपूर्ति''' -- compensation, completion, fulfilment -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಪರಿಹಾರ '''सपेरा''' -- a snake charmer -- ಪಾಂಬ್ ಕಳ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವವನ್, ಪಾಂಬೊಡ್ಡ '''सप्त''' -- the number seven -- ಏಳ್ (ಏಳ್ ಅಂಕೆ) '''सप्ताह''' -- a week -- ವಾರ '''संप्रति''' -- at present, now -- ಇಕ್ಕ, ಇಕ್ಕತ್ತ್‌ರ '''संप्रतिपत्ति''' -- consensus -- ಒಮ್ಮತ '''संप्रदाय''' -- a community, sect -- ಪಂಗಡ, ಗುಂಪ್ '''सप्रमाण''' -- with proof, substantiated -- ಸಾಕ್ಷ್ಯಾದಾರವಾಯಿತ್ '''संप्रवाह''' -- a flux, flow -- ಒಕ್ಕ್‌ವೊ, ಪರಿವೊ '''संप्रश्न''' -- an interpellation -- ನಿತ್ಯ ವ್ಯವಹಾರಕ್ ಅಡೆ - ತಡೆ '''संप्राप्ति''' -- acquisition, attainment -- ಪಡ್ಂದವದ್ '''संप्रेषक''' -- sender, are who dispatches -- ಅಯಿಪವನ್ '''संप्रेषण''' -- communication, despatch -- ಅಯಿಪ ಕೆಲಸ, ಸುದ್ಧಿ ಅರಿಚಿರುವ '''संप्रेष्य''' -- content, communicable -- ಅರೀಪ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪನ್ನತದ್, ವಿಷಯ '''सफ़''' -- a line, row -- ಒರ್ ಗೆರೆ, ಸಾಲ್ '''सफ़तालू''' -- a typical fruit bearing tree -- ಒರ್ ಪಣ್ಣ್ ಮರ '''सफ़र''' -- travel, journey -- ಪ್ರಯಾಣ '''सफल''' -- successful, effective, fruitful -- ಗೆಲ್ಲ್‌ವೊ, ಗೆಲುಕ್‌ಟ್ಟ್‌ವೊ '''सफलीभूत''' -- successful, succeeded -- ಗೆದ್ದದ್, ಜಯ ಪಡ್ಂದದ್ '''सफ़ा''' -- a page, clean, white -- ಬೊಳತದ್, ಕಲೆ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ '''सफ़ाई''' -- cleanliness, purity, conservancy, defence, clarification -- ಶುಚಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಮನಾರ ಮಾಡುವ '''सफ़ाया''' -- clean sweep, end, ruination, destruction -- ಚಾಯಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ನಾಶ '''सफ़ीर''' -- an ambassador, envoy -- ದೂತ, ರಾಜಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿ '''सफ़ूफ़''' -- a powder -- ಒರ್ ಪೊಡಿ (ಪೌಡರ್) '''सफ़ेद''' -- white, clean, blank -- ಬೊಳ್‌ತದ್ '''सब''' -- all, entire, whole -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ '''सबक़''' -- a lesson, moral -- ಪಾಠ '''संबद्ध''' -- joined, connected, attached to -- ಜೊತೆಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್, ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟ್‌ನದ್ '''संबंध''' -- relation, connection, association -- ಸಂಮಂದ '''संबंधन''' -- affiliation, connection -- ಸಂಮಂದವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಕೂಟಿಯವ '''संबंधित''' -- related, connected, affiliated -- ಸಂಮಂದ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್, ಸಂಮಂದಕೊತ್ತದ್ '''सबब''' -- a reason, cause -- ಕಾರಣ, ನೆಪ '''सबल''' -- strong, forceful, powerful, valid -- ಗಟ್ಟಿ, ಬಲವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಒರಪುಳ್ಳ '''संबल''' -- support, backing -- ಒತ್ತಾಸೆ, ಇಂಬ್ '''संबलित''' -- reinforced -- ಒತ್ತಾಸೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್, ಬಲಪಡತ್ ನದ್, ಇಂಬ್‌ಕೊಡ್‌ತದ್ '''सबा''' -- easterly wind -- ಪೂರ್ವ ದಿಕ್ಕ್‌ರ ಗಾಳಿ '''सबूत''' -- a proof, an evidence -- ಒರ್ ಕಾರಣ, ಒರ್ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ '''सबेरा''' -- morning, dawn, day break -- ಪೊಲಾಕ, ಪೊಲಾಕಾಪ '''संबोधन''' -- address, calling aloud -- ಚೋರ್‌ಲ್ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ವ, ವಿಳಾಸ, ಸಂಬೋಧನೆ '''संबोधित''' -- addressed -- ಭಾಷಣ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ವಿಳಾಸಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ನದ್ '''सब्ज़''' -- green -- ಪಚ್ಚೆ '''सब्ज़ी''' -- vegetable, herbage -- ಪಚ್ಚೆ ತರಕಾರಿ '''सब्रा''' -- patience, contentment -- ಸಮಾಧಾನ, ತೃಪ್ತಿ '''सभय''' -- with fear, fearing -- ಬೊತ್ತ್‌ವ, ಪೋಡಿಯಾಪ, ಪೋಡ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟಂಡ್ '''संभरक''' -- a supplier -- ಹಂಚ್‌ವವನ್, ಕೊಡ್‌ಪವನ್ '''संभरण''' -- supply -- ಕೊಡ್‌ಪದ್, ಹಂಚ್‌ವದ್ '''संभलना''' -- to pull, together, to be alert -- ಬಲಿಪ ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ, ಎಚ್ಚರತ್ತಿಪ್ಪೊ '''संभव''' -- possible -- ಬಹು ಮಟ್ಟಿಗೆ '''संभवत''' -- possibly, probably, perhaps -- ಬಹುಶಃ, ಒರ್ ವೇಳೆ, ಓರ್ ಸಮಯ '''सभा''' -- an assembly, association, a meeting, society -- ಸಭೆ, ಸಮಾರಂಭ '''सभार''' -- onerous, with gratitude -- ಭಾರವಾನದ್, ಕಷ್ಟವಾನದ್, ತೊಂದರೆರ '''संभार''' -- equipment, accumulation, collection -- ಜೊತೆ ಕೂಟ್‌ವೊ, ಒಟ್ಟುಕೂಟ್‌ವೊ '''सँभालना''' -- to take care of, to support, to hold -- ಎಚ್ಚರ ಎಡ್‌ಪೊ '''संभावना''' -- possibility, probability, likelihood -- ನಡಪನ್ನಕ್ಕೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಆಪನ್ನಕ್ಕೆವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''संभावित''' -- probable, likely -- ಆಪ ಪೋಪನ್ನತದ್, ನಡಪನ್ನತದ್ '''संभाविता''' -- probability, likelihood, chance -- ನಡಪಕ್ಕುಳ್ಳಂತದ್, ಆಪಕುಳ್ಳಂತದ್ '''संभाव्य''' -- probable -- ನಡಪಂತದ್, ಆಪಕ್ಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''संभाषण''' -- dialogue, talks -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಬಾಕ್ '''सभीति''' -- with fear, fearing -- ಪೋಡ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟಂಡ್, ಬೊತ್ತಿಯಂಡ್ '''संभोग''' -- coition, sexual enjoyment, pleasure -- ಸಂಬೋಗ ಸುಖ '''संभोग्य''' -- enjoyable, used, enjoyed -- ಸುಖ ಪಡುವನ್ನತದ್ ಸುಖ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''सभोचित''' -- appropriate in a ºÉ¦ÉÉ -- ಸಮಾರಂಭಕೊತ್ತದ್, ಸಭೆಕೊತ್ತದ್ '''सभ्य''' -- civilized, civil, courteous -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆವುಳ್ಳವನ್, ಯೋಗ್ಯ '''सभ्यता''' -- civilization, courtesy, decency -- ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಕೆ '''सभ्याचार''' -- good manners, mannerly conduct -- ನಲ್ಲ ನಡಪು, ನಲ್ಲ ನಡತೆ '''संभ्रम''' -- confusion, awe -- ಪೋಡಿ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವ '''संभ्रांत''' -- respectable, well to do, confused -- ಖನಪಟ್ಟಂತದ್, ಮರ್ಯಾದಸ್ತ '''सम''' -- even. equal, homogeneous, regular -- ಸರಿ ಸಮ, ಸಮವಾನದ್ '''समकक्ष''' -- equal, equivalent, matching, of the same stature -- ಸರಿ ಸಮವಾನದ್ '''समकालीन''' -- contemporary, contemporaneous -- ಒರೇ ಕಾಲತ್ತ್‌ಇಂಜದ್ '''समकोण''' -- a right angle -- ಸಮಕೋನ '''समक्ष''' -- before, in front of, face to face with -- ಎದ್‌ಕೆರ, ಮಿಂಞ್ಞಲ್, ಎದ್‌ಕೆದ್‌ಕೆ '''समग्र''' -- total, whole, entire -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ '''समंजन''' -- adjustment, co-ordination -- ಒತ್ತೊರ್ಮೆ '''समझ''' -- understanding, intellect, sense, comprehension, grasp -- ಅರ್ಂಜವೊ '''समझना''' -- to understand, to grasp, to comprehend, to catch, to follow, to assume airs -- ಅರಿವಿಕೆ ಪಡಂದವೊ, ಗೊತ್ತಾಪ '''समझाना''' -- to persuade, to explain -- ಅರಿಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ, ಗೊತ್ತ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''समझौता''' -- a compromise, understanding, pact, agreement, settlement -- ಒಪ್ಪಂದ '''समतल''' -- level, plain, flat -- ಸಮಜಾಗ, ಸಮತ್ತಟ್ಟ್ ಜಾಗ '''समता''' -- equality, parity, equity, equanimity, similarity, likeness, resemblance, evenness -- ಒರೇ ತರ, ಸಮಾನತೆ '''समतुलित''' -- of equal weight -- ಒರೇ ತೂಕ '''समतुल्य''' -- equivalent, similar -- ಅದೇ ಮಾದರಿ '''समत्व''' -- equality, parity, equity -- ಒರೇ ರೀತಿಲುಳ್ಳದ್ '''समंदर''' -- sea -- ಕಡ, ಸಮುದ್ರ '''समदर्शी''' -- equanimous, impartial -- ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತನ್ನಕೆ, ನ್ಯಾಯವಾಯಿತ್ '''समदूरस्थ''' -- equidistant -- ಸರಿದೂರತ್ '''समदृष्टि''' -- equanimity, impartiality -- ಸರಿಯಾನ ನೋಟ, ಮನಶ್ಯಾಂತಿ '''समधिक''' -- very much, much -- ಪೇರ್ತ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ, ದುಂಬಾ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ '''समधियान''' -- place, abode of -- ವಾಸ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ ಜಾಗ, ಮನೆ '''समनाम''' -- namesake -- (ಪೆದಕ್ ಮಾತ್ರ) ಪೆದಕಾರ (ಅಂವನಾಡ ಪೆದಕಾರ) '''समन्वय''' -- coordination, harmony -- ಒರೇ ಸಮ, ಒಪ್ಪರತಿಪ್ಪ '''समन्वित''' -- coordinated, harmonized -- ಸರಿಸಮ ಮಾಡುವ, ಒತ್ತೊರ್ ಮೆಕಾಟ್‌ವೊ '''समन्वेषण''' -- thorough exploration, investigation -- (ಚೋದ್ಯ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ), ಶೋಧನೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''समपृष्ठ''' -- level, even of level, even surface -- ಸಮತಟ್ಟ್ '''समबुद्धि''' -- equanimous, equanimity -- ಒರೇ ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಮನ, ಒರೇ ತರ ಬುದ್ಧಿ, ಸ್ಥಿರ ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''समभार''' -- having equal weight -- ಸಮತೂಕ, ಬಾರ '''समय''' -- time, period, times, timings, occasion, leisure, -- ಸಮಯ, ಕಾಲ, ನೇರ '''समयोचित''' -- opportune, timely, expedient -- ಸಮಯಕ್ ಸರಿಯಾನ, ನೇರಕ್ ಸೆರಿಯಾನ '''समर''' -- a war, battle -- ಪಡೆ, ಪಡೆಪೊಪ್ಪ, ಯುದ್ಧ '''समरस''' -- equanimous, harmonious -- ಒರೇ ತರತ್ತ್ ಹೊಂದಿಯಂಡ್, ಮನಶಾಂತಿಯುಳ್ಳ '''समरांगण''' -- a battle field -- ಪಡೆ ಪೊಪ್ಪ ಜಾಗ, ಯುದ್ಧ ಭೂಮಿ '''समरूप''' -- homogeneous, identical, similar, homomorphous -- ಒರೇ ತರವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''समरोचित''' -- fit for war, battle, appropriate in times of war -- ಪಡೆಕ್ ಸರಿಯಾಯಿತ್ '''समरोद्यत''' -- ready to fight, equipped for war, battle -- ಪಡೆಪೊಪ್ಪತ್ ಸಿದ್ಧವಾನದ್ '''समर्थ''' -- capable, competent -- ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಸರಿಯಾನದ್ '''समर्थक''' -- a supporter, vindicator -- ಒತ್ತಾಸೆ ತಪ್ಪವನ್, ಪರನಿಪ್ಪಂವ '''समर्पण''' -- dedication, surrender -- ಒಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ, ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''समर्याद''' -- with limits, bounds -- ಎಲ್ಲೆ ರೊಳ್‌ಲ್, ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್, ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆಕ್ ಸರಿಯಾಯಿತ್ '''समलंकृत''' -- well decorated, fully adorned, embellished -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ಅಲಂಕಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ಚಿಂಗಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''समवयस्क''' -- of the same age, equal in age -- ಒರೇ ಬಯತ್‌ಕಾರ, ಓರಡಿಕಾರ '''समवर्ण''' -- of the same caste, colour -- ಒರೇ ಜಾತಿ, ಅದೇ ಜಾತಿರ '''समवर्ती''' -- concurrent, adjacent, contiguous -- ಒಮ್ಮನಸ್, ಒರೇತರತ್ತುಳ್ಳವು, ಓರೇ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯತ್‌ರ '''समवाय''' -- collection, company, concourse, concomitance -- ಒಟ್ಟು ಕೂಟ್‌ನದ್, ಕೂಟ್ '''समवायी''' -- inseparable, concomitant, substantial -- ಬೋರೆ ಮಾಡ್ವ ಕೈಯ್ಯತಂತದ್ '''समवेत''' -- collective -- ಒಟ್ಟು ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್, ಜೊತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''समवेदना''' -- condolence -- ದುಃಖಕರ, ವ್ಯಸನ, ಬೇಜಾರ, ಸಂತಾಪ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ '''समशीतोष्ण''' -- moderate, temperate -- ಒರೇ ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕಾಲವಸ್ಥೆ, ಸಮಶೀತೋಷ್ಣ '''समष्टि''' -- collectiveness, totality, aggregate -- ಜೊತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್, ಒಕ್ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''समसामयिक''' -- contemporary, contemporaneous -- ಒರೇ ಬಯತ್‌ಕಾರ '''समस्त''' -- all, whole, complete, entire, compound -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ, ಪೂರ್ತಿ '''समस्या''' -- a problem, the last portion or line of a metrical composition which is meant for completion in the same metre by a competitor -- ತೊಂದರೆ, ಕಷ್ಟ, ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ '''समाँ''' -- occasion, weather, gaiety, finery, spectable -- ಒರ್ ಸಮಯ, ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಹವಾಮಾನ '''समाई''' -- capacity, capability, patience -- ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ, ಅರ್ಹತೆ, ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆ, ತಾಕತ್ತ್ '''समाकार''' -- homomorphous, of the same form or shape -- ಅದೇ ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ, ಒರೇ ಪೋಲೆ '''समाकुल''' -- very eager, restless -- ಕುತೂಹಲ, ತಾಳ್ಮೆ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''समागत''' -- arrived, returned -- ಎತ್ತ್‌ನದ್, ಬಂದಿತೆತ್ತ್‌ನದ್ '''समागम''' -- arrival, intercourse -- ಜೊತೆಕೂಡ್‌ವೊ, ಬಂದ್‌ಗೂಡ್‌ವೊ '''समाचार''' -- news, information -- ಸುದ್ದಿ, ಸಮಾಚಾರ '''समाज''' -- society, community -- ಸಮಾಜ, ಒರ್ ಗುಂಪ್, ಒರೇ ಜಾತಿಕಾರ, ಸಂಘ '''समाजीकरण''' -- socialization -- ಸಮಾಜ ವಾದ '''समांतर''' -- parallel -- ಒರೇ ದೂರ, ಸರಿಯಾನ ದೂರ, ಸಮಾನಾಂತರ '''समादर''' -- reverence, honour, respect, veneration -- ಗೌರವ, ಮರ್ಯಾದೆ, ಪೇರ್ತ್‌ಗೌರವ '''समादेश''' -- command -- ಅಪ್ಪಣೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ, ಆಜ್ಞೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''समाधान''' -- solution -- ಸಮಾಧಾನ ಪಡ್‌ತೊ ಧ್ಯಾನ, ಚಿಂತನೆ, ಸಮಸೈಕ್ ಪರಿಹಾರ '''समाधि''' -- trance, intense meditation, a tomb -- - ಯೋಗಸಮಾದಿ, ಧ್ಯಾನ '''समान''' -- equal, equivalent, similar, alike, identical, tantamount -- ಸರಿ ಸಮಾನ, ಒರೇ ಪೋಲೆ '''समाना''' -- to be contained, to enter, to fit, to permeate -- ಒರೇ ಮಾದರಿ, ಕೂಡಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''समानांतर''' -- parallel -- ಒರೇ ದೂರ, ಒರೇ ಅಂತರ, ಸರಿದೂರ '''समानाधिकरण''' -- apposition, coordination -- ಒರೇ ಸಮತ್ ಕಾಂಬ, ಅಕ್ಕಪಕ್ಕತ್‌ಲಿಪ್ಪ '''समानाधिकार''' -- equal rights -- ಒರೇ ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಅಧಿಕಾರ, ಸಮಾನ ಅಧಿಕಾರ '''समानार्थक''' -- synonymous -- ಒರೇ ಅರ್ಥತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''समापन''' -- conclusion, completion -- ಅಂತ್ಯ, ತೀರ್ಮಾನ '''समापवर्तक''' -- common factor, measure -- ಎಲ್ಲಾರೂಕ್ಕೂ ಒರೇ ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ, ವಿಚಾರ '''समापित''' -- concluded, completed -- ಅಂತ್ಯ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ತೇಂದದ್ '''समाप्त''' -- finished, ended, concluded, terminated, completed -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಆನದ್, ಅಂತ್ಯ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ತೇತದ್ '''समाप्ति''' -- the end, conclusion, termination, completion -- ಅಂತ್ಯ, ತ್ಂದದ್ '''समाप्य''' -- to be or worth being concluded, finished, terminated, completed -- ತೇಪಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''समाभिनंदन''' -- acclamation -- ಹೊಗಳಿಕೆ, ತುದಿಪೊ, ಮೆಚ್ಚಿತ್ ಒತ್ತವ '''समायोजन''' -- compeering, adjustment -- ಹೊಂದ್ಯವದ್, ಒಪ್ಯವದ್, ಕೂಟ್‌ಕ್ ಕೂಡಿಯವ '''समारंभ''' -- inauguration, commence-ment, beginning -- ಸುರು, ಆರಂಭ '''समाराधन''' -- appeasement, propitiation, gratification -- ಬೋಡ್ಯವ, ಸಮಾರಾಧನೆ '''समारोह''' -- celebration, festivity, function -- ಆಚರಣೆ, ನಮ್ಮೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ನಮ್ಮೆಕೈಪ '''समार्थ''' -- synonymous -- ಒರ್ ರೀತಿಡ ಅರ್ಥವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''समालाप''' -- an interview, conversation -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಬಾಕ್, ಎದ್‌ಕೆಎದ್‌ಕೆ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರಿವ '''समालोचक''' -- a critic -- ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಕಾರ '''समालोचना''' -- criticism, critical appreciat-ion, critique -- ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''समावर्तन''' -- returning home -- ಬಯ್ಯಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪ, ಮನೆಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪ '''समाविष्ट''' -- included, entered, incorporated, pervaded, permeated -- ಕೂಟ್‌ನದ್, ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''समावेश''' -- inclusion, entry, incorporation, pervasion, permeation -- ಕೂಟಿಯವ '''समास''' -- a compound word, abridgement, concision, terseness -- ಸಮಾಸ ಶಬ್ದ, ಶಬ್ದತ್ತ್‌ರ ಗುಂಪ್, ಒಂದಾಂಗೊಂದ್ ಕೂಡ್‌ನ ಶಬ್ದ '''समासीन''' -- seated well, comfortably -- ಚಾಯತೆ ಅಳಪೊ '''समासोक्ति''' -- a figure of speech in Indian rhetoric’s which is a variety of allegory, brevity of speech -- ಸಂಕ್ಷೇಪ ತಕ್ಕ್, ಚಿರ್ಂಙನೆ ತಕ್ಕ್, ಚುರ್‌ಕಿತ್ ಪರೆವ ಅಲಂಕಾರ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''समाहरण''' -- concentration, collection, accumulation, procuration -- - ಏಕಾಗ್ರತೆ '''समाहित''' -- collected, concentrated, merged -- ಒಟ್ಟು ಕೂಟ್‌ನದ್ '''समिति''' -- committee -- ಸಮಿತಿ, ಕೂಟ '''समिधा''' -- sacrificial firewood, an oblation to fuel or firewood -- ಪೂಜೆ ಕುಳ್ಳ ಪುಳ್ಳಿ (ಸಮಿತ್ತು) '''समीकरण''' -- equation -- ಸರಿ ಸಮಾನವಾನದ್ '''समीकृत''' -- equated -- ಸಮ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''समीक्षक''' -- a reviewer -- ಪುಸ್ತಕ ವಿಮರ್ಶಕ, ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಮಾಡುವಂವ '''समीक्षा''' -- a review, criticism, commentary -- ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ '''समीक्षित''' -- reviewed, criticised, commented upon -- ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''समीक्ष्य''' -- under review, worth reviewing, criticising, commenting -- ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಮಾಡಂಡಿಯದ್, ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''समीचीन''' -- proper, fit, right, equitable -- ಸರಿಯಾಯಿತ್, ಸರಿಯಾನದ್ '''समीप''' -- near, beside, proximate, close by, at hand -- ಪಕ್ಕ, ಅಡತ್ '''समीर''' -- air, breeze -- ಕಾತ್, ಗಾಳಿ '''समुचित''' -- proper, right, fit, appropriate -- ಸರಿಯಾನದ್ '''समुच्चय''' -- set, collection, aggregate, aggregate, totality, assemblage -- ಕೂಟ್‌ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್, ಒಟ್ಟು '''समुज्ज्वल''' -- shining brightly, bright -- ಮಿನ್ನ್‌ವದ್ '''समुत्कंठा''' -- deep longing, craving -- ದುಂಬಾ ಇಷ್ಟಪಡ್, ಮನಪೂರ್ವಕ ಬೈಂದವದ್ '''समुत्कर्ष''' -- self elevation, eminence, prominence -- ತನ್ನ ತಾನೇ ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ಕೊಂಡಬಂದವ, ತಾನೇ ಕೇಳಿನೇಡಿಯವ '''समुत्थान''' -- rise, elevation, uplift -- ಪೊಂದ್‌ವದ್, ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪದ್ '''समुत्सुक''' -- anxiously desirous, yearning, craving, longing -- ಮನತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬೇರ, ದುಂಬಾ ಆಸೆ ಪಡುವ '''समुंदर''' -- sea -- ಕಡ, ಸಮುದ್ರ '''समुदाय''' -- community, aggregate, collection -- ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ '''समुद्यत''' -- ready, in readiness -- ತಯಾರಾಯಿತ್ತಿಪೊ '''समुद्र''' -- an ocean, a sea -- ಕಡ, ಸಾಗರ, ಸಮುದ್ರ '''समुद्री''' -- oceanic, marine, sea borne -- ಸಮುದ್ರತ್ತ್‌ರ, ಕಡತ್ತ್‌ರ '''समुन्नत''' -- risen, elevated, progressed, developed -- ಕೊಡಿಕ್ ಬಂದದ್, ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಯಾನದ್ '''समुपस्थित''' -- present, come, turned up -- ಹಾಜರುಳ್ಳದ್, ಇಕ್ಕ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''समुल्लास''' -- exhilaration, chapter -- ಕುಸಿ ಸಂತೋಷ '''समूचा''' -- all, whole, entire -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ, ಪೂರ್ತಿ '''समूल''' -- having root, well founded -- ಮೂಲಾಧಾರವಾನದ್, ಬೇರ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''समूल्य''' -- priced -- ಬೆಲೆವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''समूह''' -- a group, collection, aggregate, assemblage, community -- ಗುಂಪ್ '''समृद्ध''' -- prosperous, flourishing, affluent, rich -- ಸಮೃದ್ದಿಯಾನದ್, ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಯಾನದ್ '''समृद्धि''' -- prosperity, flourish, affluence, rich -- ಸಮೃದ್ದಿಲುಳ್ಳದ್, ಏಳಿಗೆ '''समेकन''' -- integration, consolidation -- ಒಟ್ಟ್ ಕೂಟ್‌ವದ್ '''समेटना''' -- to wrap up, to roll up, to wind up, to gather, collect, to rally, to amass -- ಮುಚ್ಚ್‌ವೋ, ಸುತ್ತ್‌ವೊ, ಒಟ್ಟುಗೂಟುವ '''समेत''' -- with, together with, along with, accompanied by -- ಒಕ್ಕ ಚೆ, ಸಮೇತ, ಕೂಡ '''समैक्य''' -- solidarity, integration -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''सम्मत''' -- supported, approved of, authenticated -- ಒತ್ತಾಸೆ, ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ '''सम्मति''' -- opinion, consent -- ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ, ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ '''सम्मान''' -- respect, honour, prestige -- ಮರ್‍ಯಾದೆ, ಗೌರವ '''सम्माननीय''' -- honourable, respectable -- ಗೌರವ ಪಡಂದಂಡವು, ಮರ್ಯಾದಸ್ತಂಗ '''सम्मानित''' -- honoured, respected -- ಗೌರವ ಪಡಂದ '''सम्मान्य''' -- honourable, respectable -- ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ, ಮರ್ಯಾದಸ್ತ '''सम्मिलन''' -- coming together, union, coalescence -- ಒಟ್ಟ್ ಗೂಡ್‌ವೊ, ಒಂದಾಪ '''सम्मिलित''' -- united, mixed, included -- ಒಟ್ಟುಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್, ಒಂದಾನದ್ '''सम्मिश्रण''' -- the act or process of intermixing, commingling, combining -- ಒಟ್ಟುಕೂಟ್‌ನದ್, ಮಿಶ್ರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''सम्मुख''' -- before, in front of, opposite, facing, confronting, propitious -- ಮಿಂಞತ್, ಎದ್‌ಕೆ '''सम्मेलन''' -- a conference, meeting, assembly -- ಕೂಟ, ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ, ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನ '''सम्मोह''' -- hypnosis, fascination, stupefaction, beguilement -- ಮಂಕ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವ ವಿದ್ಯೆ, ಕೃತಕ ವರ್‌ಕ್, ಮರ್‌ಳ್‌ಮಾಡಿತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪ '''सम्यक्''' -- thoroughly, completely, wholly, duly, well, due -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಜೊತೆಯಾನದ್, ಎಲ್ಲಾ '''सम्राज्ञी''' -- an empress -- ರಾಣಿ (ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಞಿ) ಮಹಾರಾಣಿ '''सम्राज्य''' -- an empire -- ಬಲ್ಯ ರಾಜ್ಯ, ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ '''सम्राट्''' -- an emperor -- ರಾಜ, ಮಹಾರಾಜ '''सम्हलना''' -- to take care of, to support -- ಎಚ್ಚರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಎಚ್ಚರ ಎಡ್‌ತ '''संयत''' -- controlled, restrained, guarded -- ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟಂಡದ್, ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''संयंत्र''' -- a plant, machinery -- ಯಂತ್ರೋಪಕರಣ '''संयम''' -- restraint, control, check -- ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚವೊ '''सयानपन''' -- cleverness, cunningness -- ಕುತಂತ್ರ, ಕೆಣಿ '''संयुक्त''' -- united, joint, mixed -- ಜೊತೆ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್, ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್, ಒಂದ್ ಗೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''संयुक्ताक्षर''' -- consonant, cluster -- ವ್ಯಂಜನಾಕ್ಷರ, ಒಂದಾಂಗೊಂದ್ ಒತ್ತ್ ಬೂವ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''संयोग''' -- coincidence, chance, accident -- ಅವಕಾಶ, ಗೇನ ಮಾಡತೆ ನಡಂದದ್ '''संयोजक''' -- a conveyor, conjunction -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಟ್‌ವವನ್ '''संयोजन''' -- conjugation, composition, attachment -- ಜೊತೆ ಕೂಡ್‌ವೊ '''सरकना''' -- to slip, to slide, to creep -- ಜಾರ್‌ವೊ '''सरकार''' -- government, administration -- ಸರಕಾರ '''सरकारी''' -- governmental, public, official, administrative -- ಸರಕಾರತ್ತ್‌ರ '''संरक्षक''' -- a guardian, patronage, protector -- ಕಾಪವನ್, ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ತಪ್ಪವನ್ '''संरक्षण''' -- guardianship, protection, conservation -- ಕಾಪ ಕೆಲಸ, ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''सरगम''' -- the gamut, a syllabic form of musical composition -- ಸಂಗೀತತ್ತ್‌ರ ವರಸೆ '''संरचना''' -- structure, composition, anatomy -- ಆಕಾರ, ರಚನೆ, ರೂಪ '''सरंजाम''' -- preparations, arrangements, accomplishment -- ತಯಾರಿ, ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ, ಏರ್ಪಾಡ್ '''सरणि''' -- a channel -- ಒರ್ ನಾಲೆ, ನಾಲೆ ಕಾಲ್‌ವೆ, ತೋಡ್, ಕೈಸಾಲ್ '''सरथ''' -- a charioteer -- ರಥನಡತ್ತ್‌ವನ್ '''सरफोंका''' -- a medicinal plant -- ಮದ್ದ್‌ರ ಗಿಡ '''सरल''' -- easy, simple, straight, direct, straight forward, ingenuous, light -- ಸುಲಭ, ನೇರೆ '''सरलीकरण''' -- simplification -- ಸುಲಭತುಳ್ಳದ್, ಸುಲಭ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''सरस''' -- juicy, sweet, delicious, tasteful, relishable -- ನಲ್ಲ ರಸ, ನಲ್ಲ ಚೋದ್ '''सरसना''' -- flourish, to prosper, to acquire fullness, to be in the full bloom -- ದುಂಬಿತ್ ಉಕ್ಕ್‌ವದ್, ಏಳಿಗೆಯಾಪ, ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಯಾಪ '''सरसर''' -- rustling noise, frou-frou -- ಸರ ಸರ ಸದ್ದ್ '''सरसराना''' -- to produce a rustling noise, to cause a frou-frou -- ಸರ ಸರ ಸದ್ದ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''सरसरी''' -- cursory, hurried -- ಆತುರತ್ತ್‌ರ '''सरसाना''' -- to cause to flourish, prosper, acquire fullness, to be full of relish, charm, to be in full bloom -- ದುಂಬಿತ್ ಉಕ್ಕ್‌ವದ್, ಚಾಯತೆ ಬೀಂದದ್ '''सरसिज''' -- a lotus flower -- ತಾವರೆ ಪೂ '''सरसी''' -- a small pond, pool -- ಕೂವ, ಕುಂಡ್, ಚೆರಿಯಕೆರೆ '''सरसों''' -- mustard seed or plant -- ಕಡು '''सरस्वती''' -- the goddess of learning, speech, name of a river -- ಸರಸ್ವತಿ, ವಿದ್ಯಾ ದೇವತೆ '''सरहद''' -- boundary, frontier -- ಗಡಿ ಭಾಗ, ತೆರಿ '''सरापना''' -- to curse, to condemn, to imprecate -- ಶಾಪ ಇಡ್‌ವೊ '''सराफ़''' -- a dealer in gold and silver -- ಪೊನ್ನ್ ಬೊಳ್ಳಿ ಕೆಲಸಕಾರ, ಪೊಂದಟ್ಟ '''सराबोर''' -- completely drenched, soaked -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ನೆಲದಂದ್, ಪುಂಡೆ ಆನದ್ '''सराय''' -- an inn, a tavern -- ಛತ್ರ '''सरासर''' -- downright, sheer, altogether, entirely -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಜೊತೆ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''सराहना''' -- to praise, to applaud, to commend, to eulogize, to appreciate -- - ಹೊಗಳ್, ಮೆಚ್ಚ್ '''सराहनीय''' -- praise worthy, laudable, commendable -- ಮೆಚ್ಚಂಡಿಯದ್ '''सरिता''' -- a river, stream -- ಪೊಳೆ, ಚೆರಿಯ ಪೊಳೆ, ತೋಡ್ '''सरिया''' -- an iron bar -- ಇರ್ಂಬ್‌ರ ಬಾರ್, ತುಂಡ್ '''सरिश्ता''' -- a department, court -- ಒರ್ ಕಚೇರಿ ವಿಭಾಗ '''सरिस''' -- equal, like, identical -- ಒರೇ ಪೋಲೆ '''सरीसृप''' -- reptile -- ಪರಪ ಪುಳು, ಪಾಂಬ್, ಕೋಟೇಂಜಿ '''सरीहन''' -- openly, publicly -- ತೊರಂದಿತ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕವಾಯಿತ್ '''सरूप''' -- having a form, shape -- ಸ್ವರೂಪ, ರೂಪ, ಆಕಾರ '''सरूर''' -- mild intoxication -- ಚೆರ್ಂಗನೆ ಮಂಡೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ವ, ಅಮುಲ್ ಆಪ '''संरेखण''' -- act or process -- ಕಾರ್ಯ ವಿಧಾನ '''सरेबाज़ार''' -- openly, publicly -- ತೊರಂದಿತ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಬಹಿರಂಗವಾಯಿತ್ '''सरेश''' -- glue -- ಗೋಂದ್, ಅಂಟ್ '''सरोकार''' -- concern, business -- ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ, ವ್ಯವಹಾರ '''सरोज''' -- a lotus flower -- ತಾವರೆ ಪೂ '''सरोद''' -- a stringed musical instrument -- ಸಂಗೀತತ್ತ್‌ರ ಒರ್ ಸಾಧನ/ವಾದ್ಯ '''सरोवर''' -- a pond, pool -- ಕೆರೆ, ಚೆರಿಯ ನೀರ್ ದುಂಬ್‌ನ ಕುಂಡ್ '''सरोष''' -- with rage, enraged, furiously, wrathfully -- ದುಂಬಾ ಚೆಡಿ, ರೋಷ, ಕ್ರೋದ, ಚೆಡಿಂಜಂಡ್ '''सरौता''' -- a nut cracker -- ಅಡಿಕೆ ಕತ್ತರಿ '''सर्कस''' -- a circus -- ಸರ್ಕಸ್, ಪ್ರಾಣಿಯಳಕಳ್‌ಪಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ '''सर्ग''' -- a canto, world -- ಖಂಡ, ಪರಿಚ್ಛೇದ, ಸರ್ಗ, ಅಧ್ಯಾಯ, ಭೂಲೋಕ '''सर्जना''' -- creation -- ಉಂಟ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''सर्द''' -- cold, cool frigid, lifeless -- ಶೀತ, ಕೋಟ '''सर्दी''' -- cold, winter -- ಕುಳ್‌ರ್ ಕಾಲ, ಕೋಟ '''सर्प''' -- a serpent, snake -- ಪಾಂಬ್, ಸರ್ಪ '''सर्पण''' -- creeping, crawling -- ಪರಪದ್ '''सर्पिल''' -- a spiral, zigzag -- ಅಂಕ್ ಡೊಂಕ್, ಸುತ್ತಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सर्फ़''' -- spent, expended -- ಖರ್ಚಾನದ್ '''सर्व''' -- all, whole, entire, complete -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ, ಪೂರ್ತಿ '''सर्वतः''' -- all round, everywhere, from all sides, directions -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕಡೆ, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ದಿಕ್ಕ್, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಬರಿ '''सर्वत्र''' -- everywhere, all ways, in every case -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕಡೆಲೂ, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ರೀತಿಲೂ '''सर्वथा''' -- entirely, thoroughly, in all respects, in every way -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ರೀತಿಲೂ ಕೂಡನ್‌ದ್, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ತರತ್‌ಲೂ '''सर्वदा''' -- always, at all times -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಸಮಯತ್, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕಾಲತ್, ಎಕ್ಕೊಲೂ '''सर्वशः''' -- all round, in all respects, completely -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕಡೆಲೂ, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ರೀತಿಲೂ '''सर्वश्रेष्ठ''' -- the best -- ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗೂಂಜಿನಲ್ಲದ್, ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗೂಂಜಿ ಚಾಯಿಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''सर्वस्व''' -- one's all, all one's belongings or possessions -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ, ಪೂರ್ತಿ, ಎಲ್ಲವೂ, ಒಬ್ಬಂಗ್ ಕೂಡಿತುಳ್ಳದೆಲ್ಲಾ '''सर्वहारा''' -- the proletariat -- ಪಣಿಕಾರ, ಕೆಲಸಕಾರ, ದುಡಿವಯಿಂಗ '''सर्वांग''' -- the whole person, all over -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಜಾಗತುಳ್ಳವನ್, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕಡೆ, ಸರ್ವಾಂಗ '''सर्वांगीण''' -- permeating all parts, all sided, all round, in all respects -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ರೀತಿ, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ತರತ್‌ರ '''सर्वात्मा''' -- the universal soul -- ಸರ್ವಾತ್ಮ '''सर्वाधिक''' -- most, ahead of all -- ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗೂಂಜಿ ಮಿಂಞ್ಞ, ಜಾಸ್ತಿ '''सर्वाधिकार''' -- all rights -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಅಧಿಕಾರ, ಸರ್ವಾಧಿಕಾರ, ನಿರಂಕುಶವಾದಿ '''सर्वाधिकारी''' -- plenipotentiary, wielding or vested with all rights -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಅಧಿಕಾರವುಳ್ಳವನ್, ಸರ್ವಾಧಿಕಾರಿ '''सर्वाधिपत्य''' -- exercise of hegemony over all, autocracy -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಅಧಿಕಾರ ಪಡಂದವನ್, ನಿರಂಕುಶ ಪ್ರಭುತ್ವ '''सर्वार्थ''' -- universal good, good of all -- ಎಲ್ಲಾಕೂ ನಲ್ಲದಾನದ್, ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗೂಂಜಿನಲ್ಲದ್ '''सर्वास्तिवाद''' -- the doctrine that all existence is real -- ಎಲ್ಲಾವುಳ್ಳದ್ ಸತ್ಯ '''सर्वाहारी''' -- omnivorous -- ಮಿಶ್ರಹಾರಿ (ಯರ್ಚಿ ಪಿಂಞ್ಞ ತರಕಾರಿತಿಂಬವನ್) '''सर्वीय''' -- relating, pertaining to all -- ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗೂ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''सर्वेक्षण''' -- survey -- ಅಳತೆ, ಭೂಮಿರ ಅಳತೆ '''सर्वेश''' -- master of all, god -- ದೇವ, ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗೂಂಜಿ ಬಲ್ಯವನ್ '''सर्वेसर्वा''' -- all in all, all powerful -- ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗೂಂಜಿ ಶಕ್ತಿವುಳ್ಳಂದ್ '''सर्वोच्च''' -- paramount, supreme, above all, best, uppermost -- ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗೂಂಜಿ ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಟ '''सर्वोत्कृष्ट''' -- best, superior most, above all -- ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗೂಂಜಿನಲ್ಲದ್, ಬಾರಿ ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''सर्वोत्तम''' -- the best, most excellent, optimum -- ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗೂಂಜಿ ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''सर्वोपरि''' -- supreme, paramount, above all, ahead of all -- ಎಲ್ಲಾಂಗೂಂಜಿ ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಟವಾನದ್ '''संलग्न''' -- attached, enclosed, adjacent -- ಪಕ್ಕಲ್, ಪಕ್ಕ ಪಕ್ಕತೆ, ಕೂಡಿ ತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सलज्ज''' -- shy, bashful, modest -- ಞಾಣಕಳಿ, ಞಾಣ '''सलमा''' -- a band of embroidery -- ಕೈ ಪೊಲ್ಯ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ, ಚೇಲೆ '''सलवार''' -- a kind of trousers -- ಸುರಾಲ್, ಪಯಿಜಾಮ್ '''सलाई''' -- knitting needle, needle, thin wire, stick -- ಚೂದ್, ಪೊಲ್ಲುವ ಚೂದ್ '''सलाद''' -- salad -- ಪಚ್ಚಡಿ, ಪಚ್ಚೆ ತರಕಾರಿ '''सलाम''' -- salutation, adieu, good bye -- ಸಲಾಮ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''सलामत''' -- safe, sound, secure, well -- ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಆಯಿತ್ತಿರ್ '''सलामी''' -- salutation, salute, guard of honour -- ಗೌರವವಾನ ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ, ಕೈತೊಪ್ಪ '''सलाह''' -- advice, counsel, opinion, cordial relations, reconciliation -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ, ಸಲಹೆ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''सलाहकार''' -- an adviser, counselor -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಪರೆವವನ್, ಸಲಹೆ ತಪ್ಪವನ್, ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಕಾಟ್‌ವವನ್ '''सलाहियत''' -- goodness, mannerlyness, ability, capability -- ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಕೆ, ಮರ್‍ಯಾದೆ, ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ '''सलिल''' -- water -- ನೀರ್ '''सलीक़ा''' -- manners, etiquette -- ಮಾನ, ಮರ್‍ಯಾದೆ, ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಕೆ '''सलीमशाही''' -- a typical light and soft shoe -- ಒರ್ ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬಾರ ಇಲ್ಲತ ಶೂ/ ಪಾದರಕ್ಷೆ '''सलीस''' -- simple, easy, current -- ಸಲೀಸಾಯಿತ್, ಸುಲಭವಾಯಿತ್ '''सलूक''' -- treatment, behavior -- ಉಪಚಾರ, ನಡತೆ '''संलेख''' -- protocol -- ಮೂಲ ಏರ್ಪಾಡ್, ಮೂಲ ಪ್ರತಿ '''सलोतरी''' -- a veterinary doctor -- ಪ್ರಾಣಿಯಡ ಡಾಕ್ಟರ್, ಪ್ರಾಣಿಯಡ ವೈದ್ಯ '''सलोलौना''' -- charming, winsome -- ಮನ ಗೆಲ್ಲ್‌ವವನ್, ದುಂಬಾ ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''संवत्''' -- a contraction of samvatsar -- ಕಾಲ ಅಥವಾ ಸಂವತ್ಸರತ್‌ನ ಚುರ್‌ಕಿತ್ ಎಳ್‌ದುವಕ್ರಮ '''संवत्सर''' -- a year, annual, yearly -- ಒರ್ ಕಾಲ, ವಾರಾಂಡ್ '''सवयस्क''' -- of the same age, equal in age -- ಒರೇ ಬಯತ್‌ಕಾರ, ಸರಿಸಮ ಬಯತ್‌ಕಾರ, ಓರಡಿ '''संवरण''' -- selection, liking, subjugation of passions -- ಆಸೆನ ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚವ '''सँवरना''' -- to be mended, amended, rectified -- ಸರಿ ಪಡ್‌ತ್‌ವೊ, ತಿದ್ದಂಡಿಯದ್, ಸರಿಪಡತ್‌ನದ್ '''संवर्ग''' -- cadre -- ಒರ್ ಗುಂಪ್‌ಕ್ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''संवर्धक''' -- a magnifier, culturist, magnifying -- ಭೂತಕನ್ನಡಿ '''संवहन''' -- conduction, carrying, bearing -- ಸಾಗಾಟ, ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ನಂತಾನ ವಾಹಕತ್‌ಲ್ ಸಾಗ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''सवाक्''' -- talking, gifted with speech -- ತಕ್ಕ್, ಹೊಗಳಿಕೆ ತಕ್ಕ್, ಮೋಡಿತಕ್ಕ್, ನಲ್ಲತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕಾರ '''संवातन''' -- ventilation -- ಗಾಳಿ ಆಡ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''संवाद''' -- a dialogue, conversation, discussion -- ತಕ್ಕ್ ಬಾಕ್ ಪರೆವೊ '''संवादी''' -- concordant -- ಹೊಂದಿಕೆ ಉಳ್ಳಂತ, ಒತ್ತ್‌ಬಪ್ಪಂತ '''सवाब''' -- reward, recompense, return -- ಕೊದಿ ಮೊದ, ನೆಪ್ಪ್‌ರ ಮೊದ '''सवार''' -- a rider, horseman -- ಸವಾರಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ಕುದ್‌ರೆ ಸವಾರ, ಓಡ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''सँवार''' -- maintenance, upkeep -- ಕರ್ಚಿಕುಳ್ಳದ್, ಬದ್‌ಕ್ವ ಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सँवारना''' -- to make up, to dress up neatly, to arrange -- ನಲ್ಲ ಪೊರ ಪಾಡ್ '''सवाल''' -- a question -- ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ '''संवाहन''' -- conduction -- ಮೂಲಕ, ವಾಹಕತ್‌ರ ಮೂಲಕ ಸಾಗುವದ್ '''संविदा''' -- contract, contact -- ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಒಪ್ಪಂದ, ಚುರ್ಂಗುವ '''संविधान''' -- constitution -- ಸಂವಿಧಾನ '''सविनय''' -- courteous -- ಮರ್‍ಯಾದೆಲ್, ಗೌರವತ್ '''संविरचना''' -- composition -- ಜೊತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಸಂಯೋಗ, ರಚನೆ, ಪ್ರಬಂಧ '''सविस्तार''' -- detailed -- ತಪಸೀಲಾಯಿತ್ '''संविहित''' -- constitutional, valid, tenable -- ಸಮರ್ಥನೆ ಮಾಡಿಯವೊ, ಸಂವಿಧಾನಕ್ ಒಳಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''संवृत''' -- closed, wound up -- ತ್ತ್‌ರವೊ, ತ್ಪ, ತೇಂದದ್ '''संवृद्धि''' -- enrichment, growth, increase -- ದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್, ದುಂಬಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''संवेग''' -- impetus, emotion, passion -- ಆತುರ, ಮನತ್ತ್‌ರ ಉದ್ವೇಗ '''संवेदन''' -- sensation, feeling, sensitizing -- ಗೊತ್ತ್ ಮಾಡಿಯವೊ, ಮನತ್ ಅರ್ಂಜವದ್ '''संवेदिक''' -- sensory, densitive -- ಗೊತ್ತ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಂತದ್, ಮನಸ್‌ಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''संवैधानिक''' -- constitutional -- ಸಂವಿಧಾನಗೊತ್ತದ್ '''सशक्त''' -- potential, powerful -- ತಾಕ್ಕತ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''संशय''' -- suspicion, doubt -- ಅಗ್ಯಾನ, ಸಂಶಯ '''संशोधन''' -- amendament, correction -- ತಿರ್‌ಕುವ, ಸರಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ತಿದ್ದ್ ಪಡಿ '''सश्रम''' -- tired, fatiguel -- ಸೋಲ್, ಆಯಾಸ, ಸುಸ್ತಾನದ್ '''संश्रय''' -- alliance -- ಜೊತೆ ಕೂಡುವ, ಬೆಂದೂರ್ತ '''संसर्ग''' -- intercourse, association -- ಜೊತೆ ಕೂಡ್‌ವೊ, ಅಪ್ಪರಿಪ್ಪರ ವ್ಯವಹಾರ, ಸಂಭೋಗ '''संसाधन''' -- resource -- ಮೂಲ, ಸಂಪತ್ತ್‌ರ ಮೂಲ '''संसार''' -- world -- ಸಂಸಾರ, ಕುಟುಂಬ, ಪ್ರಪಂಚ '''ससुर''' -- father in law -- ಮಾಂವ '''संस्करण''' -- an edition, correction -- ಪುಸ್ತಕತ್‌ರ ಪ್ರತಿ, ಸರಿ ಮಾಡಿತ್ '''सस्ता''' -- cheap, trash -- ದುಂಬಾಕ್ರಯ ಕಮ್ಮಿ, ಬೆಲೆ ಕಮ್ಮಿ, ಚಾರಿ '''संस्था''' -- an institution -- ಸಂಘ - ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ '''संस्पर्श''' -- contact, touch -- ತ್ಂಡ್‌ವೊ, ಸಂಮಂದತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सस्पृह''' -- desirous -- ಇಷ್ಟ ಪಡ್‌ವೊ, ಆಸೆ ಪಡ್‌ವೊ '''सहज''' -- simple, easy, spontaneous, straight forward, ingenuous, innate, natural, congenital -- ಸಹಜವಾನದ್, ನೇರೆ ಪರೆವೊ, ಜಾಣ '''संहत''' -- compact, gathered -- ನೆಗ್ಗ, ಪಕ್ಕಪಕ್ಕ ಅಡಕ್‌ನದ್, ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ '''सहत्व''' -- coexistence, being together -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''सहन''' -- patience endurance, forbearance, tolerance -- ಸಹಿಸಿಯವದ್, ತಾಳ್ಮೆ '''सहना''' -- to endure, to forbear, to tolerate, to stand -- ಸಹಿಸ್ಯಂಡಿಪ್ಪನ್ನತ್ತದ್ '''सहमत''' -- agreed, consented, concurred -- ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ '''सहमना''' -- to be panicked, to be struck with terror, to be nervous -- ಬೊತ್ಯವದ್, ಪೋಡ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟವದ್ '''सहयोग''' -- cooperation, collaboration -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಸಹಕಾರ '''सहर''' -- dawn, day break -- ಪೊಲಂಜತಿ '''सहरा''' -- a desert -- ಮರುಭೂಮಿ, ಮಣದುಂಬ್‌ನ ಜಾಗ, ಮಣ ಭೂಮಿ, ಸಹರಾ ಮಣಭೂಮಿ '''सहल''' -- easy, simple -- ಸುಲಭ '''सहलाना''' -- to rub gently, to tickle, to titillate -- ನಯವಾಯಿತ್ ತಿಕ್ಕ್‌ವದ್, ಉದ್ದಿಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ, ಕಕ್ಕುಳಿ ಮಾಡುವ '''सहवास''' -- cohabitation -- ಕೂಟಾಚಾರ, ಸವಾಸ '''सहसा''' -- suddenly, all of a sudden, unexpectedly -- ಆಕಸ್ಮಿಕ, ಒಮ್ಮಕೆ, ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲತೆ '''सहस्र''' -- one thousand -- ಒರ್ ಆಯಿರ '''सहस्राब्द''' -- millennium -- ಆಯಿರ ಕಾಲಕ್ಕೊಮ್ಮ '''सहाई''' -- a helper, an assistant -- ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ತೊಣೆ '''सहानुभूति''' -- sympathy -- ಕನಿಕರ, ಕರುಣೆ '''सहापराधी''' -- an accomplice -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ತಪ್ಪ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನಯಿಂಗ, ಕೂಟ್‌ಕಾರ ಅಪರಾಧಿ '''सहायक''' -- a helper, an assistant -- ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''सहायता''' -- help, support, assistance, aid, relief -- ಸಹಾಯ '''सहारा''' -- support, backing, aid, succor, a strut -- ಒತ್ತಾಸೆ, ಇಂಬ್ ತಪ್ಪಂವ '''सहालग''' -- auspicious period for solemnization of marriages -- ನಲ್ಲ ಮೂಹೂರ್ತ '''सहित''' -- with, together with, along with, accompanied by -- ಸಮೇತ, ಜೊತೆ, ಕೂಡ '''सहिष्णु''' -- tolerant, enduring -- ತಾಳ್‌ವ ಗುಣ, ತಾಳ್ಮೆ '''सही''' -- correct, right, true, accurate, authentic -- ಸರಿಯಾನ '''सहूलियत''' -- convenience, facility -- ಅನುಕೂಲತೆ '''सहृदय''' -- humane, compassionate, tender hearted, considerate -- ಮಾನವೀಯ, ದಯೆವುಳ್ಳ '''सहेजना''' -- to keep securely, to keep with care, to entrust -- ಜಕ್ಕೀರತ್ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ '''सहेट''' -- a rendezvous -- ಮಿಂಞಲೇ ಗೊತ್ತ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ ಜಾಗ '''सहेतु''' -- logical, having a reason -- ಕಾರಣ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ನ್ಯಾಯ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''सहेली''' -- female companion -- ಕೂಟ್‌ಕರ್ತಿ, ಚಙಾದಿ '''सहोदर''' -- a real brother -- ಅಣ್ಣಯ್ಯ, ತಮ್ಮಣ್ಣ, ಒಡಹುಟ್ಟ '''सह्य''' -- tolerable, endurable -- ಸಹಿಸಿಯವಕ್ ಕೈಯ್ಯುವೊ '''साइत''' -- moment, hour, time, auspicious moment -- ಗಳಿಗೆ, ನಲ್ಲ ಗಳಿಗೆ, ಮೂರ್ತ '''साइनबोर्ड''' -- a sign board -- ಗುರ್‌ತ್ ಪಾರ್ '''साई''' -- earnest money, security, advance -- ಮುಂಬಣ, ಜಕ್ಕೀರಿಯ ಪಣ '''साईस''' -- a horse keeper, groom -- ಕುದರೆ ಚಾಕುವಂವ '''साकल्य''' -- entirely, completeness -- ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾಯಿತ್ '''साका''' -- an era, overwhelming influence, eminence -- - ಕಾಲ, ದುಂಬಾ ಪ್ರಭಾವ '''साकांक्ष''' -- desirous, tending a wish or desire -- ಆಸೆಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಕೊದಿಚದ್ '''साकार''' -- formal, having a form, concrete -- ಆಕಾರ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಕ್ರಮಬದ್ದವಾನ '''साकिन''' -- resident -- ವಾಸ ಉಳ್ಳ, ನಿವಾಸಿ '''सांकेतिक''' -- token, nominal, symbolic, indicative -- ಗುರ್ತ್‌ಕ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''साक्षर''' -- literate -- ಅಕ್ಷರ ಪಡ್‌ಚಂವ '''साक्षात्''' -- in the presence of, in person, visibly -- ಕಾಂಬೆನೆಕೆ ಉಳ್ಳ, ಹಾಜರಿ ಉಳ್ಳ '''साक्षी''' -- a witness, deponent -- ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ '''साक्षेप''' -- taunting, containing an objection or insinuation -- ಹೀಯಾಳಿಚಿಡುವೆನೆಕೆ, ಹಂಗ್‌ಚಿರುವ '''सांक्षेपिक''' -- concise, abbreviated, abridged -- ಚೆರ್‌ಙನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಚುರ್‌ಕ್‌ನದ್ '''साक्ष्य''' -- evidence, testimony, avouchment -- ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಕ್ ಕಾಂಬೆನೆಕೆ ಗುರ್‌ತ್, ರುಜುವಾತ್ '''साक्ष्यंकन''' -- attestation -- ಕಾತ್ರಿ ಮಾಡುವೆನೆಕೆ, ಒಪ್ಪ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿತ್ ದೃಢಪಡತುವ '''साख''' -- credit, goodwill, reputation, trust -- ನಲ್ಲರಿಕೆರ ನಂಬಿಕೆ '''साखी''' -- a witness -- ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ '''सांख्य''' -- one of the six major Indian philosophical systems -- ಆರ್ ಭಾರತೀಯ ದಾರ್ಶನಿಕ, ಸಾಂಖ್ಯಯೋಗ '''सांख्यिकी''' -- statistics -- ಅಂಕೆಸಂಖ್ಯಾ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ '''साग''' -- vegetable, greens -- ಪಚ್ಚೆ ತರ್‌ಕಾರಿ, ತೊಪ್ಪ್ '''सांग''' -- having limbs or body, together with the body, complete, entire, organic -- ತಡಿ, ತಡಿಕೂಡಿತ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಇಡೀ ತಡಿ '''सागर''' -- the ocean, sea -- ಕಡ, ಸಮುದ್ರ '''साग़र''' -- a peg, wine -- ಒರ್‌ಬೆರ, ಕಳ್ಳ್, ವೈನ್ '''सागवान''' -- teak -- ತೇಕ್ ಮರ (ತೇಗ) '''सांगोपांग''' -- complete, entire -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ, ಇಡೀ, ಎಲ್ಲಾ '''सागौन''' -- teak -- ತೇಕ್ (ತೇಗ ಮರ) '''सांग्रामिक''' -- strategic, pertaining to battle -- ಪಡೆಕ್ ಒತ್ತದ್, ಪಡೆತಂತ್ರ, ಯುದ್ಧತ್‌ರ ಕೆಣಿ '''सांघातिक''' -- fatal, mortal -- ಮಾರಣ (ಮಾರಣ ಪೊಯ್ತ್), ಅಪಾಯತ್‌ರ '''साँच''' -- true, correct -- ನೇರ್, ಸರಿ '''साज''' -- a musical instrument, implement, equipment, harness, used as a suffix to mean -- - ಸಂಗೀತ ಉಪಕರಣ, ಕುದರೆರ ಜೀನ್ '''साजन''' -- lover, husband -- ವಡಿಯ, ಕೊದಿಕಾರ '''साज़िश''' -- a conspiracy, plot, intrigue -- ಚದಿ, ಒಳಸಂಚ್ '''साँझ''' -- evening, dusk -- ನಾಲ್ಗಂಟೆರ ಸಮಯ, ಅಂದಿ ಮುಂದಿ ನೇರ '''साझा''' -- partnership, share -- ಪಾಲ್‌ದಾರಿಕೆ '''साँझा''' -- partnership, share -- ಜೋಡಿ ಕಾರ್ಬಾರ್, ಪಾಲ್, ಓದಿ '''साँट''' -- a cane -- ಕೋಲ್, ಬಡಿಯ, ತೂರ '''साटन''' -- satin cloth -- ಕನ್‌ಕಾಪ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆ , ಸ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''साँठ-गाँठ''' -- a plunder bond, conspirational alliance, secret relationship, intrigue -- ಚದಿರ ಕಾರ್ಬಾರ್, ಚದಿಪ ಗುಟ್ಟ್ ಕೂಟ '''साँड़''' -- a bull -- ಎತ್ತ್ '''साँड़ा''' -- a species of sand lizard -- ಪಲ್ಲಿರ ಒರ್ ತಳಿ '''साड़ी''' -- a sari -- ಪೊಡಿಯ '''साढ़ू''' -- the husband of wife's sister -- ಸಡ್ಡ್‌ಗ '''साढ़े''' -- plus half -- ಪಾದಿ '''सात''' -- seven -- ಏಳ್ '''सांत''' -- finite, having an end -- ತ್ರುವಂತದ್, ತ್ಂದೋಪದ್, ಮಿತಿರ '''सांततिक''' -- continuous, contributing to the continuity of a lineage -- ತ್ರತಂತದ್, ವಂಶಾವಳಿರ ಬೊಳಚೆಕ್ ಆಪಂತದ್ '''सातत्य''' -- continuity, uninterrupted ness -- ತೊಂದರೆ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಮಿಞಕ್ ಪೋಪೊ '''सांत्वना''' -- consolation, solace -- ಸಮಾಧಾನ '''सात्विक''' -- endowed with the quality of ºÉi´É, virtuous, righteous -- ನಲ್ಲರಿಕೆರ ಚಾಲ್, ಗುಣ '''साथ''' -- with, together, along with, withal, by -- ಕೂಡ ಇಪ್ಪೊ, ಜತೆಲ್ ಇಪ್ಪೊ '''साथी''' -- a companion, comrade, mate, associate, fellow -- ಚಙಾದಿ, ಕೂಟ್‌ಕಾರ '''सादगी''' -- simplicity, plainness -- ಸೀದಸೀದ, ಆಡಂಬರ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''सादर''' -- respectfully, with regards -- ಮರ್ಯಾದಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪಂತ '''सादा''' -- simple, plain, flat, blank, unadorned, artless -- ಸೀದಸೀದ, ಆಡಂಬರ ಇಲ್ಲತ, ನೇರೆನೇರೆ '''सादृश्य''' -- resemblance, likeness, analogy, affinity -- ಒರೇ ತರ ಕಾಂಬದ್, ಒರೇ ಪೋಲೆ '''साद्य''' -- at once, immediately, just -- ಒಡನೆ, ಬೆರಿಯ, ಇಕ್ಕ '''साद्यंत''' -- whole, entire, from beginning to end -- ಇಡೀ, ಒಂದಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳೊ, ಪೂರ್ತಿ '''सांद्र''' -- concentrated, thick, strong, solid -- ಪೆರ್ತ ಗಾಟ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾನದ್ '''साध''' -- an ambition, a craving, longing -- ಆಸೆ, ಕೊದಿ, ಆಂಡೂಂದ್ ಆಸೆ '''साधक''' -- one engaged in or devoted to spiritual achievement, accomplishment -- ದೇವಳ ತೊತ್ತಿತ್ ಬಲ್ಯ ಪದವಿಕ್ ಪೋಪ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ '''साधन''' -- medium, means, equipment, device, an implement, processing, solution, resources, realization -- ಸಾಧನೆ, ಬಲ್ಯ ದೈವೀಕ ಪದವಿ ಪಡ್ಂದವಕ್ ಪೇಚಾಟ '''साधना''' -- to break in, to tame, to habituate -- ತಿದ್ದುವೊ, ಸಾದು ಮಾಡುವೊ '''साधना''' -- devotion, practice, mental training, spiritual endeavor or performance -- ಭಕ್ತಿಲ್ ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ನ ಮುಕ್ಕುವೊ, ದೇವಡ ಕ್ರಿಯೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''साधनीय''' -- fit to be achieved or accomplished or proved, worth achieving -- - ಸಾಧನೆ ಮಾಡಂಡಿಯದ್ '''साधम्र्य''' -- homogeneousness, parallelism, the state of having some duties -- ಒರೇ ತರ ಕಾಂಬೊ, ತಾಂಡ್‌ದೇ ಆನ ಕೆಲಸತ್‌ಲ್ ಇಪ್ಪೊ '''साधार''' -- having a basis -- ಆಧಾರ ಇಪ್ಪೊ, ಆಧಾರ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''साधारण''' -- ordinary, simple, common, commonplace, usual, moderate -- ಸೀದಸೀದ ಮಾಮೂಲಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್, ಸಾಧಾರಣ '''साधारणतः''' -- ordinarily, usually -- ಮಾಮೂಲ್, ಸಾಧಾರಣ ಆಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''साधारणतया''' -- ordinarily, usually -- ಮಾಮೂಲ್ ಆಯಿತ್ '''साधित''' -- trained, tamed, solved, achieved, accomplished -- ತಿದ್ದ್‌ನದ್, ಸರಿಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''साधु''' -- a saint, saintly person, hermit, a religious mendicant -- ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ, ರ್‌ಶಿ '''साधुता''' -- saintliness, nobility, goodness, virtuousness, rectitude -- ನಲ್ಲರಿಕೆ, ಸಾಧು ಗುಣ '''साधुवाद''' -- acclamation, applause -- ಕುಶಿಲ್ ಒತ್ತವೊ '''साध्य''' -- the end, that which is to be proved -- ತ್ಂದತ್ಂದ್ ತ್ರ್ಮಾನ ಮಾಡುವೊ '''सांध्य''' -- pertaining to the evening -- ಬೈಟಾಪಾಂಡೊಳಿಯತ್‌ರ, ಅಂದಿಮುಂದಿರ '''साध्यवसान''' -- an allegory -- ನೀತಿಕತೆ, ರೂಪಕಕತೆ '''साध्वी''' -- chaste, virtuous -- ಪರಿಶುದ್ಧ, ನಲ್ಲಗುಣತ್‌ರ, ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಶುದ್ಧ '''सान''' -- whetting, sharpness, a whetstone -- ಪರ್ತ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಕೂಟುವೊ, ಚಾಣೆಪುಡಿಪ '''सानंद''' -- happy, happily, pleased, with pleasure -- ಕುಸೀಲ್ ಇಪ್ಪೊ '''सानुकूल''' -- favorably, disposed -- ಕೊದ್‌ಚ, ಇಷ್ಟಪಟ್ಟ , ಅನುಕೂಲ ಆಪಂತ '''सानुनय''' -- humble, obedient -- ಸಾದು, ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ನೆನೆಕೆ ಕೇಪಂವೊ '''सानुबंध''' -- systematic, uninterrupted, having a contract -- ಕ್ರಮ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಇಪ್ಪೊ, ಕಿರಿಕಿರಿ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''सान्निध्य''' -- proximity, nearness -- ಪಕ್ಕತ್‌ಲಿಪ್ಪೊ, ಬರಿಲಿಪ್ಪೊ '''साँप''' -- a snake, serpent, viper, a venomous person -- ಪಾಂಬ್, ಸರ್ಪ, ವಿಷ ದುಂಬಿತುಳ್ಳಂವ '''सांपत्तिक''' -- pertaining to or related with property, property -- ಆಸ್ತಿಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಆಸ್ತಿ '''सापेक्ष''' -- qualified, conditional, relative -- ಸಮ್ಮಂದ ಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಕಾನೂನ್‌ಕ್ ಒಳಪಟ್ಟ '''साप्ताहिक''' -- weekly -- ಆಚೆಕೊಮ್ಮ '''सांप्रतिक''' -- modern, pertaining to present times -- ಇಕ್ಕತ್‌ರ, ಇಂದ್ ಕಾಲತ್‌ರ '''सांप्रदायिक''' -- comunal, sectarian -- ಮತಧರ್ಮಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''सांप्रदायिकता''' -- communalism -- ಜಾತಿವಾದ, ಕೋಮುವಾದ '''साफ़''' -- clean, clear, slick, plain, frank, categorical, forthright, straight forward, processed, refined, undefiled, distinct, unscathed -- ಶುದ್ಧ, ನೇರೆ ಬಟ್ಟೆಲಿಪ್ಪೊ, ಕೇಡಿಲ್ಲತಿಪ್ಪೊ, ಮನಾರತ್‌ರ '''साफल्य''' -- success -- ಗೆಲ್ಲುವೊ, ಜಯ '''साफ़ा''' -- a turban -- ಮಂಡೆತುಣಿ '''साबित''' -- entire, complete, unbroken, unwavering, steady, proved -- ಇಡೀ, ಪೊಳಿಯತದ್, ಗಟ್ಟಿಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''साबुत''' -- entire, complete, unbroken -- ಇಡೀ, ಎಲ್ಲಾ (ಪೊಳಿಯತದ್) '''साबुन''' -- a soap -- ಸಾಬೂನ್ '''साबूदाना''' -- sago -- ಸೇಗೋ, ಸೀಮೆ ಅಕ್ಕಿ '''साँभर''' -- a kind of Indian antelope -- ಕಡಮ '''साभार''' -- gratefully, with gratitude -- ಉಪಕಾರತ್‌ಲ್, ಉಪಕಾರತ್ ನನೆನತಿಯಂಡ್ '''साभिप्राय''' -- intentionally, deliberately -- ಬೋಂಡೂಂದ್ '''साभिमान''' -- proudly, arrogantly, with a sense of pride -- ಬಲ್ಯರಿಕೆಲ್ '''साम''' -- one of the four vedas, tranquillizing, calming gentle words intended to win over an adversary, conciliation -- ನಾಲ್‌ವೇದತ್‌ರ ಪೈಕಿ ಒಂದ್, ಸಾಮವೇದ '''सामग्री''' -- matter, material, things, data -- ಹತ್ಯಾರ್, ಸಾಮಾನ್, ವಿವರ '''सामंजस्य''' -- harmony, consistence, consistency -- ಒತ್ತೊರ್ಮೆ '''सामंत''' -- a feudal lord, feudatory, landlord -- ಪಟ್ಟೆದಾರಿಕೆ, ಪಟ್ಟೆದಾರ , ಬಾಚೆಕಾರ '''सामना''' -- confrontation, encounter, meeting, opposition -- ಬೆಲ್‌ಕುವೊ, ಎದ್ದ್ ನಿಪ್ಪೊ '''सामने''' -- face to face, before, infront of, as compared with, against, in opposition to -- ಎದ್‌ಕೆ ಎದ್‌ಕೆ, ಮಿಂಞಲ್, ಎದ್‌ಪಾಯುವೊ, ಬೆಲ್‌ಕುವೊ '''सामयिक''' -- opportune, timely, current, topical, periodical, casual -- ಸಮಯಕ್ ಸರಿಯಾನದ್, ಒತ್ತದ್ '''सामरिक''' -- strategical, military -- ಪಡೆಕ್ ಸಮಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಪಡೆತಂತ್ರತ್‌ರ '''सामर्थ्य''' -- competence, capacity, power, strength -- ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ, ಗಟ್ಟಿಗತನ, ಪುರ್‌ಡ್ '''सामवेद''' -- the second of fourvedas, after the @ñM´Éänù -- ಸಾಮ ವೇದ '''सामाजिक''' -- social -- ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ, ಕೂಡ್‌ಕೂಟತ್‌ರ '''सामान''' -- goods, luggage, bad and baggage, material, studd, stock -- ಸಾಮಾನ್, ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ ಬಟ್ಟಿ '''सामान्य''' -- general, common, usual, normal, routine -- ಸಾಧಾರಣತ್‌ರ, ಮಾಮೂಲಿ '''सामासिक''' -- composite, collective, pertaining to a compoung, terse -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''सामिष''' -- non-vegetarian -- ಯರ್ಚಿ ಮೀನ್ ತಿಂಬವು, ಯರ್ಚಿ ಮೀನ್ ಕೂಟುವವು '''सामीप्य''' -- proximity, nearness, vicinity -- ಪಕ್ಕತ್‌ಲಿಪ್ಪೊ, ಬರಿಲಿಪ್ಪೊ '''सामुदायिक''' -- collective, community -- ಒಕ್ಕಚೆ ಕೂಡಿತಿಪ್ಪೊ ಕೂಟ್ '''सामूहिक''' -- collective, community -- ಕೂಟ್, ಸಾಮೂಹಿಕ '''साम्य''' -- community, equality, resemblance, similarity, equilibrium -- ಕೂಟ್, ಒರೇ ತರತ್‌ರ '''साम्यवस्था''' -- state of equilibrium -- ನೇರೆ ಇಪ್ಪೊ '''साम्राज्य''' -- an empire -- ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ '''सायं''' -- evening -- ಬೈನೇರ, ನಾಲ್ಗಂಟೆ, ಬೈಟಾಪಕ '''सायक''' -- an arrow -- ಅಂಬ್, ಬಾಣ '''सायंकाल''' -- the evening, dusk -- ಬೈನೇರ, ಅಂದಿ ಮುಂದಿ ನೇರ '''सायत''' -- an auspicious moment -- ನಲ್ಲನೇರ, ನಲ್ಲ ಗಳಿಗೆ '''साया''' -- shade, shadow, influence, shelter, protection, a petticoat -- ನಳ, ಪೊರೆ, ಲಂಗ '''सायुज्य''' -- complete union, a kind of ¨ÉÖÊHò (beatitude) wherein the individual soul becomes one with the supreme soul -- ಒಂದಾಪೊ, ಕೂಡುವೊ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ '''सांयोगिक''' -- chance, accidental, fortuitous -- ಅಕಾಸ್ಮಾತ್, ಅದೃಷ್ಟವಶಾತ್ '''सार''' -- substance, gist, purport, abstract, essence, extract, epitome, iron -- ಸಾರ, ಸಾರಾಂಶ, ತಿರ್ '''सारंग''' -- a kind of antelope, deer, the bow of lord Vishnu -- ಕೇಮ, ದೇವಡ ಬಿಲ್ಲ್, ಮಿಗ '''सारंगी''' -- a typical stringed indian musical instrument -- ಸಾರಂಗಿ, ಸಂಗೀತ ಉಪಕರಣ '''सारणी''' -- table, schedule -- ಪಟ್ಟಿ (ಸಾಮಾನ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ, ಕೆಲಸತ್‌ರ ಪಟ್ಟಿ) '''सारथि''' -- a charioteer -- ಆಟುವಂವೊ, ಸಾರಥಿ ರಥನಡತುವಂವ '''सारल्य''' -- simplicity, easiness -- ಸುಲಭತ್‌ರ, ನೇರೆನೇರೆ '''सारस''' -- a species of heron, a crane -- ಕೊಕ್ಕರೆ, ಪೋಳೆ '''सारस्य''' -- juiciness, melodiousness, sweetness, charm -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ, ರಸವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सारस्वत''' -- pertaining to saraswati-the goddess of learning, the invisible river -- - ದೇವತೆ ಸರಸ್ವತಿಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಸರಸ್ವತಿ ಪೊಳೆ '''सारा''' -- entire, whole, all -- ಇಡೀ, ಪೂರ್ತಿ '''सारांश''' -- abstract, summary, gist, purport -- ಸಾರ, ಸಾರಾಂಶ '''सारिका''' -- a kind of Indian bird- turdus salica- famous for its melodious notes -- - ರಾಗತ್‌ಲ್ ಪಾಡುವ ಓರ್‌ತರ ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''सारूप्य''' -- similarity of form, identity of appearance -- ಒರೇ ತರ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಕಾಂಬದ್, ಓರೇತರ ರೂಪತ್‌ರ '''सार्थ''' -- with a meaning, meaningful, significant -- ಅರ್ಥ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಮುಖ್ಯವಾನದ್ '''सार्थक''' -- articulate, meaningful, significant, effective, useful -- ಅರ್ಥ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''सार्वकालिक''' -- universal, pertaining to, belonging to all times, perennial, everlasting -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕಾಲಕೂ ಸಮ್ಮಂಧ ಪಡುವದ್ '''सार्वजनिक''' -- universal, common, public, relating to public in general -- ಎಲ್ಲಾರ್‌ಕೂ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ '''सार्वत्रिक''' -- universal, pertaining to any and every place -- ಎಲ್ಲಾಜಾಗಕೂ ಸರೆಯಾಪದ್ '''सार्वदेशिक''' -- universal, pertaining or belonging to all lands or territories -- ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಜಾಗಕೂ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಎಲ್ಲಾದೇಶಕೂ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''सार्वनामिक''' -- pronominal -- ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಪೆದಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟಂತ, ಸರ್ವನಾಮಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''सार्वभौम''' -- universal -- ಇಡೀ ಲೋಕಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಸರ್ವಸಾಧಾರಣ '''सार्वभौमिक''' -- universal, pertaining or belonging to all beings and all places -- ಇಡೀ ಲೋಕಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''साल''' -- an year, pain, the sal tree -- ಆಂಡ್, ಕಾಲ, ನೊಂಬಲ, ?ಸಾಲ್? ಮರ '''सालंकार''' -- ornamented, decorated -- ಚಾಯಿಕೂಡಿತಿಪ್ಪೊ, ಅಲಂಕಾರ ಮಾಡಿತಿಪ್ಪೊ '''सालन''' -- meat or fish or vegetable curry -- ಯರ್ಚಿಕರಿ ಇಲ್ಲೆಂಗಿ ಮೀಂಗರಿ ಇಲ್ಲೆಂಗಿ ತರಕಾರಿ ಕರಿ '''सालना''' -- to torment, to torture -- ಚದಿಪೊ, ನೊಂಬಲ್‌ಚಿರುವ '''सालंब''' -- having support or help or assistance -- ತಾಂಗುವೊ '''साला''' -- brother-in-law, wife's brother, a term of abuse -- ಬಾವ, ಮಚ್ಚ್‌ಣ '''सालाना''' -- yearly, annual -- ಕಾಲೋದಿ, ಕಾಲಕ್ಕೊಮ್ಮ '''सालारजंग''' -- commander-in-chief -- ಪಡಕೆ ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ತ '''सालिम''' -- complete, whole, entire, unbroken -- ಇಡೀ, ಪೂರ್ತಿ, ಪೊಳಿಯತದ್ '''साली''' -- sister-in-law, wife's sister, a term of abuse -- ಮಮ್ಮ, ಮಚೀನ್‌ಚಿ '''सालोक्य''' -- a grade of ¨ÉÖÊHò (beatitude) which enables the soul to dwell in the company of god in the same ±ÉÉäEò -- ಸ್ವರ್ಗ ಪದವಿ , ಮುಕ್ತಿ '''सावकाश''' -- having leisure, free -- ಪುರ್‌ಸೊತ್ತ, ಬುಡ್‌ನೇರ '''सावधान''' -- careful, alert, cautious, attentive -- ಎಚ್ಯರತಿಪ್ಪೊ '''सावधि''' -- timed, with a time limit -- ನೇರತ್‌ರ ಮಿತಿಲಿಪ್ಪೊ '''सावरण''' -- covered, unexposed, closed, enveloped -- ಮುಚ್ಚಿತಿಪ್ಪೊ '''साँवलिया''' -- a lover, husband -- ವಡಿಯ, ಕುಸಿಕಾರ, ಕೊದಿಕಾರ '''सावशेष''' -- incomplete -- ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಆಗತದ್, ಬಾಕಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''सावान''' -- the fifth month of the Hindu calendar -- ಹಿಂದೂ ಕ್ಯಾಲೆಂಡರ್‌ಲ್ ಅಂಜನೆ ತಿಂಗ '''सांविधिक''' -- statutory -- ಕಟ್ಟಪಾಡ್‌ಕ್ ಒತ್ತೆನೆಕೆ '''साशय''' -- intentional, deliberate, meaningful -- ಬೋಂಡೂಂದ್ ಮಾಡಿಯವೊ '''साष्टांग''' -- with the whole body or with all its members -- ಇಡೀ ತಡಿಕೂಡಿತ್ (ಅಡ್ಡಬೂವೊ) ಸಾಷ್ಟಾಂಗ ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ '''सास''' -- mother-in-law, mother of wife or husband -- ಮಾಂವಿ '''साँस''' -- breath -- ಉಸ್‌ರ್ '''साँसत''' -- distress, affliction, trouble -- ತೊಂದರೆ '''सांसद''' -- parliamentary, pertaining or belonging to the parliament -- ಪಾರ್ಲ್ಯಮೆಂಟ್‌ಕ್ ಕೂಡ್‌ನೆನೆಕೆ '''सांसदिक''' -- parliamentary -- ಪಾರ್ಲ್ಯಮೆಂಟರಿಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟಿತ್ '''सांसर्गिक''' -- born of contact, contagious -- ಅಂಟ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದ '''सांसारिक''' -- worldly, mundane, mortal, earthly, secular -- ಪ್ರಾಪಂಚಿಕ '''सांस्कारिक''' -- ritualistic, pertaining to or related with ºÉƺEòÉ®ú, connected with one's mental impression -- - ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಕ್ರಿಯೆಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''सांस्कृतिक''' -- cultural -- ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟೆನೆಕೆ '''सांस्थानिक''' -- institutional -- ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಕ್ ಸಮ್ಮಂದಪಟ್ಟಿತ್ '''साह''' -- a good man or gentleman -- ನಲ್ಲ ಮನ್‌ಸ (ಮನುಷ್ಯ) '''साहचर्य''' -- association, company, synergy -- ಕೂಟ್ '''साहब''' -- the master, lord, a whiteman, european, boss, gentleman, white collared person, a title fo courtesy -- ಯಜಮಾನ, ಸಾಬು, ಬೊಳ್ಳೆಕಾರ '''साहस''' -- courage, nerve, guts, boldness, daring, enterprise -- ಧೈರ್ಯ, ಕೈಪೆ '''साहित्य''' -- literature -- ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ '''साहिल''' -- a shore, bank -- ಕರೆ (ಪೊಳೆ ಕರೆ), ಸಮುದ್ರ ಕರೆ '''साही''' -- a porcupine -- ಮುಳ್ಳ್ ಪಂದಿ, ಎಪ್ಪಂದಿ '''साहूकार''' -- a money lender, private banker, rihc man, man of means -- ಸಾವ್ಕಾರ, ಬಲ್ಯ ಮನ್‌ಸ, ಪಣಸಾಲ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪಂವ '''सिकड़ी''' -- a chain -- ಚಙೋಲೆ '''सिकता''' -- sand, sandy soil -- ಮಣ, ಮಣಚಾಲ್ '''सिंकना''' -- to be roasted, to be fomented or heated -- ಬರ್‌ಪ ಕುಳ್ಳದ್, ಬೆಕ್ಕೆಮಾಡುವಕುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सिकली''' -- act of cleansing and polishing -- ಮಿನ್‌ಕುವೊ, ಪಾಲಿಶ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''सिकुड़न''' -- shrinkage, contraction, a wrinkle, pucker, winder welt -- ಚುರ್‌ಙೊ, ಚುರ್ಂಗಿತ್ ಚೆರಿಯದಾಪ '''सिकुड़ना''' -- to contract, to shrink, to pucker, to wrinkle, to cower -- ಚುರ್‌ಙೊ '''सिकोड़ना''' -- to contract, to shrink, to pucker, to wrinkle, to cower -- ಚುರ್‌ಙೊ, ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಆಪೊ '''सिक्कड़''' -- a chain -- ಚಙೋಲೆ '''सिक्का''' -- a coin, coinage, lead -- ಪಾವಲಿ, ಸೀಸ '''सिक्त''' -- drenched, soaked, wet, irrigated -- ಪುಂಡೆ, ನೀರಾನದ್ '''सिखनौटा''' -- an apprentice, a novice -- ಪುದಿಯಂವೊ, ಪಣಿಪಡಿಪಂವ '''सिखलाई''' -- training -- ಪಡಿಪ್, ತರಬೇತ್ '''सिखाना''' -- to train, to teach, to instruct, to school -- ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ, ಎಣ್ಣಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''सिखावन''' -- counsel, advisor, instructor -- ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಚಿಡುವಂವೊ '''सिगरेट''' -- cigarette -- ಸಿಗರೇಟ್ '''सिंगार''' -- make up, prank, ornamentation, embellishment -- ಚಿಂಗಾರ ಮಾಡಿಯವೊ '''सिंगारना''' -- to make up, to prank, to decorate, to embellish -- ಚಿಂಗರ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟವೊ '''सिंचाई''' -- irrigation, wages paid for irrigation -- ನೀರ್ ಬುಡುವೊ, ನೀರ್ ಬುಡುವಾಂಡ ಕೂಲಿ '''सिजदा''' -- prostration, salution, a process of muslim prayers wherein the head, nose, knee, etc of the worshipper touch the ground -- ಅಡ್ಡ ಬೂವೊ '''सिझना''' -- to be cooked or boiled -- ಪುಕ್ಕುವೊ, ಬೇಯ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ '''सिटकिनी''' -- latch -- ತಾಳ, ಚಿಲಕ '''सिटपिटाना''' -- to be stupefied, to be embarrassed, to be in a fix -- ತೊಂದರೆಲ್ ಕೆಣ್ಂಜವೊ '''सित''' -- white, clear -- ಬೊಳ್‌ತದ್, ಬೊಳಿಯಾಪೊ '''सितंबर''' -- the month of September -- ಸಪ್ಟಂಬರ್ ತಿಂಗ '''सितम''' -- tyranny, oppression -- ಹಿಂಸೆಲ್ ಅಡಿಕ್ ತಾತುವೊ '''सितार''' -- a typical stringed indian musical instrument -- ಸಿತಾರ್ ಪಾಟ್‌ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ '''सितारा''' -- a star, planet, fate, a popular screen or stage artist, small shining tablets of metal or mica which are studded on a sari, cap, shoe, etc -- ಬಾನತ್ ವಿನ್, ಗ್ರಾಚಾg, ಪೊಡಿಯ, ಶೂ, ತೊಪ್ಯಕ್ ಅಂಟ್‌ಚಿಡುವಚುಕ್ಕಿ '''सितासित''' -- white and blank, good and evil -- ನಲ್ಲದ್ ತೀಯದ್ '''सितोत्पल''' -- white lotus -- ಬೊಳ್‌ತ ತಾವರೆ '''सिंदूर''' -- vermilion, symbol of an Indian woman's happy state of enjoying covertures -- ಕುಂಕುಮ ಕುರಿ '''सिंदूरिया''' -- vermilion coloured, of the colour of vermilion -- ಕುಂಕುಮ ರಂಗ್ '''सिंदौंरा''' -- a vermilion case -- ಕುಂಕುಮ ಪೊಟ್ಟಿ '''सिद्ध''' -- proved, accomplished, perfected, endowed with supernatural powers -- ಸರಿಕೂಟ್‌ನದ್, ತಂತ್ರ ಮಂತ್ರಪಡಿಪ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''सिद्धांत''' -- a principle, theory, doctrine -- ಸಿದ್ಧಾಂತ, ನಿಯಮ '''सिद्धांती''' -- theoretician, dogmatic, a man of principles -- ನಲ್ಲರಿಕೆ ಉಳ್ಳಂವೊ, ನೀತಿನೇಮತ್‌ಲ್ ನಡಪಂವ '''सिद्धांतीय''' -- doctrinal, theoretical, pertaining to a principle -- ನಲ್ಲರಿಕೆರ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''सिद्धान्न''' -- cooked cereals -- ಬೆಂಜ (ಪುಕ್ಕ್‌ನ) ಕಾಳ್ ಗೋಧಿ, ಜೋಳ ಇಂತದ್ '''सिद्धार्थ''' -- whose wishes have been fulfilled -- (ಆಸೆ) ತಾನ್ ಬಯಂದದೆಲ್ಲ ಪಡಂದಂಡಂವ '''सिद्धासन''' -- a typical sitting posture -- ಚಂಬಳಿಕಾಲ್‌ಟ್ಟಿತ್ ಅಳ್‌ಪೊ '''सिद्धि''' -- acquisition, accomplishment, proof, fulfillment, success, supernatural powers supposed to be acquired through yogic practices -- ಸಿದ್ಧಿ ಪಡೆಯುವೊ '''सिद्धेश्वर''' -- an epithet of lord shiv -- ಸಿದ್ಧೇಶ್ವರ, ಶಿವಂಡ ಸಾಧನೆಕ್ ಸರಿಯಾನ ಪೆದ '''सिधाना''' -- to tame, to domesticate, to help acquire practice -- ತಿದ್ದುವೊ, ಸಾಧುಮಾಡುವ '''सिधारना''' -- to go, to depart, to expire -- ಬುಟ್ಟಿತ್ ಪೋಪೊ, ಚತ್ತ್ ಪೋಪೊ '''सिंधुर''' -- an elephant -- ಆನೆ '''सिनेमा''' -- a cinema -- ಸಿನೇಮಾ '''सिपाही''' -- a soldier, sepoy, constable, policeman -- ವಡೆಯಾಳಿ, ಸಿಪಾಯಿ '''सिप्पा''' -- influence, approach, device, chance -- ಮಙಣೆ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಉಪಾಯ ಮಾಡುವೊ, ಸಿಪಾರಸ್ '''सिफ़त''' -- a characteristic, attribute -- - ವಿಶೇಷಗುಣ ಲಕ್ಷಣ '''सिफ़र''' -- zero, blank -- ಪೂಜಿ, ಸೊನ್ನೆ '''सिफ़ारिश''' -- recommendation -- ಶಿಪಾರಸ್ '''सिमटना''' -- to contract, to shrink -- ಚುರ್‌ಕುವೊ '''सिम्त''' -- direction -- ದಿಕ್ಕ್ '''सियराना''' -- to cool, to get cool, to subside -- ತಣಿಯುವೊ '''सियार''' -- a jackal, cunning fellow -- ಕುರ್ಕ '''सियासत''' -- politics -- ರಾಜಕೀಯ '''सियासी''' -- political -- ರಾಜಕೀಯ, ರಾಜಕೀಯತ್‌ರ '''सिर''' -- head, top, apex, highest part or point -- ಮಂಡೆ, ಕೊಡಿ, ತುದಿ '''सिरका''' -- vinegar -- ಪುಳಿನೀರ್ '''सिरजना''' -- to create, to give birth to, to make -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ ಉಂಡಾಕುವೊ '''सिरताज''' -- crown, the best -- ಕಿರೀಟ, ನಲ್ಲದ್ '''सिरा''' -- an edge, end, head, top -- ಕರೆ, ಮಂಡೆ, ಕೊಡಿ, ಅರು '''सिराना''' -- to cool, to subside, to consign to river water -- ತಣಿಯುವೊ, ತಳಂದ್ ಬಪ್ಪೊ '''सिरिस''' -- a typical indian tree which grown very soft flowers -- - ಓರ್ ಜಾತಿಮರ '''सिर्फ़''' -- only, mere -- ಮಾತ್ರ, ಬೊರೀ '''सिल''' -- a stone slab on which spices etc are ground -- ಅರ್‌ಪಕಲ್ಲ್, ಅಮ್ಮಿಕಲ್ಲ್ '''सिलना''' -- to sew, stitch, to be sewn, stitched -- ಪೊಲ್ಲುವೊ '''सिलवट''' -- the act or process of sewing, stitching -- ಪೊಲ್ಲ, ಪೊಲ್ಲಪಣಿ '''सिलवाई''' -- the act or process of sewing, stitching -- ಪೊಲ್ಲ, ಪೊಲ್ಲಪಣಿ '''सिलसिला''' -- a chain, series, line, arrangement, system -- ಒರೇ ಸಾಲ್‌ಲ್ ಬಪ್ಪದ್, ಕ್ರಮ '''सिलह''' -- a weapon -- ಕೈದ್, ಆಯುಧ '''सिला''' -- return, reward, consideration -- ಮೊದ, ಫಲ '''सिलाई''' -- the act or process of sewing, stitching -- ಪೊಲ್ಲ, ಪೊಲ್ಲುವ ಕ್ರಮ '''सिलौटा''' -- a stone slab and mile stone -- ಪಟ್ಯಿಕಲ್ಲ್, ಮೈಲ್ ಕಲ್ಲ್ '''सिल्क''' -- silk -- ಸಿಲ್ಕ್, ರೇಶ್ಮೆ '''सिवा''' -- except, but -- ಅಲ್ಲತೆ, ಬುಟ್ಟಿತ್, ಆಚೆಂಗಿ '''सिवान''' -- boundary, frontier -- ಹದ್ದ್, ತೆರಿ '''सिवाला''' -- a temple dedicated to lord shiv -- ಶಿವಾಲಯ '''सिसकना''' -- to sob -- ದುಃಖ್‌ಚಿಡುವೊ, ಬಿಕ್ಕ್‌ವೊ '''सिंह''' -- a lion, Leo -the fifth sign of the zodiac -- ಸಿಂಹ, ರಾಶಿ ಚಕ್ರತ್‌ಲ್ ಅಂಜನೆ '''सिहरन''' -- a thrill, shiver -- ಕುಸಿರ ಬೊರ್‌ಚಲ್, ನಡ್‌ಕ, ತೊಂಬೆ ಜುಂ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ವೊ '''सिंहावलोकन''' -- a rounds up, retrospection, a conspectus -- ತಿರಿತ್ ನೋಟುವೊ '''सिंहासन''' -- a throne -- ಸಿಂಹಾಸನ '''सीकर''' -- a tiny drop -- ಚೆರಿಯ ತುಳಿ '''सींकिया''' -- lanky, thin as wicker -- ತಳ್ಳನೇ, ಉದ್ದತ್, ಚೀಪೆ ಕಡ್ಡಿರೆನ್ನಕೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''सीख''' -- teaching, advice, moral -- ಪಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿರ್‌ವ, ಬುದ್ಧಿತಕ್ಕ್ '''सीख़ना''' -- to learn -- ಪಡಿಪ '''सीटी''' -- a whistle -- ಬೀಪುವ, ಬಾಯಿಲ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ ಒರ್‌ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಸದ್ದ್, ಪೀಪಿ ಉರ್‌ಪೊ '''सीढ़ी''' -- a ladder, stairs, staircase, escalator, stile, stepping stone -- ಮೊಟ್ಟ್, ಏಣಿ '''सीता''' -- celebrated daughter of king janak who was married to Ram, the hero of the renowned Indian epic of Ramayana -- ರಾಮಂಡ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್, ಸೀತೆ '''सीताफल''' -- a custard apple -- ಸೀತಾಫಲ, ಒರ್‌ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಪಣ್ಣ್ '''सीत्कार''' -- sibilance, a muffled spirant sound expressive of intense joy or excessive pain -- ಕುಸಿಲ್ ಯಾ ನೊಂಬಲತ್ತ್‌ರ ಕೂತ್ '''सीध''' -- alignment, straightness -- ನೇರೇ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''सीधा''' -- stright, simple, right, erect, upright, direct, gentle, naive, good, forthrightly, through -- ನೇರೆ '''सीधे''' -- straight, without a halt or detour, without protest, quietly, in a gentlemanly fashion -- ನೇರೇ, ತಡೆ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ '''सीना''' -- to sew, to stitch, gloomy -- ಪೊಲ್ಲ್‌ವೊ '''सीपी''' -- oyster shell, mother pearl -- ಚಿಪ್ಪ್, ಇಚ್ಚೂಳಿ '''सीम''' -- silver -- ಬೊಳ್ಳಿ '''सीमा''' -- border, boundary, frontier, range, limit, extent, verge -- ಹದ್ದ್, ಗಡಿ '''सीमांकन''' -- demarcation -- ಹದ್ದ್ ಗುರ್‌ತ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''सीमांत''' -- frontier, limit, margin, extreme -- ಕಟ್ಟ ಕಡೆ, ತೆರಿ '''सीमित''' -- restricted, limited, bounded, qualified -- ಗಡಿರೊಳ್‌ಲ್, ಅಡಂಗಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सीरत''' -- disposition, nature -- ಸ್ವಭಾವ, ಪ್ರಕೃತಿ '''सीस''' -- the head -- ಮಂಡೆ '''सीसम''' -- a particular tree -- ಒರ್ ಮರ '''सीसा''' -- lead -- ಸೀಸ (ಪಾದರಸ) '''सु''' -- a prefix imparting the meanings of good, beautiful, pretty, excellent, thorough, well, easy, etc -- ನಲ್ಲದ್, ಚಾಯಿಉಳ್ಳದ್ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ವಾಂಡ ?ಸು? ಎಣ್ಣುವ ಅಕ್ಷರ '''सुअर''' -- a boar, pig -- ಪಂದಿ '''सुअवसर''' -- an opportunity, a good chance -- ನಲ್ಲ ಅವಕಾಶ '''सुई''' -- a needle, hand of a watch, pointer -- ಚೂದ್ '''सुकंठ''' -- having a melodious voice, sweet voiced -- ನಲ್ಲ ಸ್ವರ ಬಪ್ಪ ತೊಂಡೆ '''सुकर''' -- easy -- ಸುಲಭ '''सुकर्म''' -- a good deed -- ನಲ್ಲ ಕಾರ್‌ಬಾರ್, ನಲ್ಲ ಕೆಲಸ '''सुकवि''' -- a good poet -- ನಲ್ಲ ಕವಿ '''सुकाल''' -- good time, time of prosperity and plenty -- ನಲ್ಲ ಸಮಯ, ನಲ್ಲಕಾಲ '''सुकीर्ति''' -- reputation, renown -- ನಲ್ಲ ಪೆದ ಪೋನದ್ '''सुकुमार''' -- delicate, tender -- ಚೆರಿಯ ಬಯತ್‌ಕಾರ '''सुकून''' -- peace, comfort, consolation -- ಶಾಂತಿ, ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ '''सुकृत''' -- a good deed -- ನಲ್ಲ ಕಾರ್‌ಬಾರ್, ನಲ್ಲ ಪಣಿ '''सुकृति''' -- good, righteous, virtuous -- ನಲ್ಲದಾಯಿತ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನ ಕೆಲಸ '''सुकृत्य''' -- good deed, virtuous act -- ನಲ್ಲ ಕಾರ್‌ಬಾರ್, ನಲ್ಲ ಪಣಿ '''सुकेशी''' -- having a beautiful hair -- ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳ ತಲಮಿ '''सुकोमल''' -- extremely soft, very delicate -- ದುಂಬಾ ಮೆತ್ತನೆ, ದುಂಬಾ ಪದತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुख''' -- happiness, pleasure, comfort, felicity, contentment -- ಸುಖ, ಸಂತೋಷ, ಕುಸಿ '''सुखन''' -- verse, poetry -- ಪದ್ಯ, ಶ್ಲೋಕ '''सुखात्मक''' -- happy, imparting happiness, hedonic -- ಕುಸಿಕ್‌ಟ್ಟ್‌ವಂತದ್, ಸುಖ ತಪ್ಪನ್ನತದ್ '''सुखाना''' -- to dry, to desiccate, to terrify, to cause to wither away, to emaciate -- ಒಣಕ್‌ವೊ '''सुखी''' -- happy, contented -- ಕುಸಿ, ತೃಪ್ತಿ ಉಳ್ಳವನ್, ಸುಖತುಳ್ಳಂವ '''सुखोदय''' -- advent of a happy period -- ಕುಸಿರ ಸಮಯ, ನಲ್ಲ ಕಾಲ, ನಲ್ಲನೇರಬಪ್ಪದ್ '''सुख्यात''' -- well known, reputed, renowned -- ಕೇಳಿ ಪಟ್ಟದ್, ನಲ್ಲ ಪೆದ ಪೋನದ್ '''सुगठित''' -- shapely, well built, muscular, well organised -- ನಲ್ಲ ತಡಿ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुगति''' -- happy state, salvation, beatitude -- ಮುಕ್ತಿ, ನಲ್ಲ ಗತಿ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''सुगंध''' -- scent, fragrance, perfume, aroma -- ಚಾಯಿ ವಾಸನೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ನಲ್ಲ ಗಮನ '''सुगंधि''' -- scent, fragrance, perfume, aroma -- ನಲ್ಲ ವಾಸನೆ ವುಳ್ಳದ್, ನಲ್ಲ ಗಮನ '''सुगंधित''' -- scented, fragrant, perfumed, aromatic -- ನಲ್ಲ ಚಾಯಿ ವಾಸನೆ ತಪ್ಪಂತದ್ '''सुगम''' -- easy, approachable, accessible, light, intelligible -- ಸುಲಭತ್ತ್‌ರ '''सुग्गा''' -- a parrot -- ಗಿಣಿ '''सुग्राही''' -- susceptible, sensitive -- ಪದತುಳ್ಳದ್, ನಮ್ರವಾನದ್, ಮನಸ್‌ಕ್ ಪುಡಿಪನ್ನತದ್ '''सुग्राह्य''' -- acceptable, tenable, intelligible, easy -- ಸ್ವೀಕಾರ ಮಡ್‌ವದ್, ಸಮರ್ಥನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್ '''सुघट''' -- shapely, well built, well organised, quite probable, easy to happen -- ನಲ್ಲ ನಡಪದ್, ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್, ಸುಲಭತ್ ಆಪನ್ನತದ್ '''सुघड़''' -- shapely, well built, elegant, dexterous -- ನಲ್ಲ ಆಕಾರತ್‌ರ '''सुघड़ाई''' -- concinnity, shapeliness, elegance, dexterousness -- ನಲ್ಲ ಚಾಯಿರ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''सुघड़ी''' -- auspicious moment, auspicious instant -- ನಲ್ಲ ನೇರ, ಸಮಯ, ಘಟನೆ '''सुँघनी''' -- a snuff, sneezewort -- ಮೂಸ್‌ವ ಪೊಡಿ, ನಶ್ಯ '''सुँघाना''' -- to cause to smell -- ಮೂಸ್‌ವೊ '''सुचारु''' -- charming, pretty, comely -- ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुजन''' -- a gentleman -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ ಉಳ್ಳವನ್, ನಲ್ಲ ಗುಣಕಾರ '''सुजनी''' -- a thick bed sheet -- ಪಯಿಲಾಯಿತ್ತುಳ್ಳ ಕಡಿಕೆಕ್ ಬಿರಿಪೊ ಬಟ್ಟೆ/ ಶೀಟ್ '''सुजला''' -- having plenty of rivers or water -- ನಲ್ಲ/ ದುಂಬಾ ನೀರ್ ದುಂಬ್‌ನ ಪೊಳೆ '''सुजात''' -- well born, born in a noble or prosperous family -- ನಲ್ಲ, ಯೋಗ್ಯ ಕುಟುಂಬತ್ತ್ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನ ಮಾಲವ '''सुजान''' -- wise, learned -- ಬುದ್ಧಿಕಾರ, ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ '''सुझाना''' -- to suggest, to propose, to indicate -- ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''सुझाव''' -- a suggestion, proposal -- ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ '''सुठि''' -- good, pretty, beautiful -- ನಲ್ಲದ್, ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुड़कना''' -- to sniff up, to inhale with the breath, to drink noisily -- ಶ್ವಾಸ ಬಲಿಪೊ, ಉಸ್‌ರೆಡ್‌ಪ '''सुडौल''' -- shapely, comely, well built -- ನಲ್ಲ ಆಕಾರತ್ತ್ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुढर''' -- favorably inclined, kindly disposed -- ನಲ್ಲ ರೀತಿಲ್, ಬೋಡ್ಯಾಂನಕ್ಕೆ '''सुत''' -- a son -- ಮೋಂವ '''सुतली''' -- twine, thin rope -- ತಳ್ಳನೆ ನೂಲ್ '''सुतीक्ष्ण''' -- very sharp -- ದುಂಬಾ ಪರತವುಳ್ಳದ್, ದುಂಬಾ ಚೂಪಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुथरा''' -- clean, neat and tidy, refined -- ಶುದ್ಧವಾನದ್, ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुंदर''' -- beautiful, handsome, pretty, fine, good -- ಚಾಯಿ, ನಲ್ಲದೆ, ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुदर्शन''' -- good looking, winsome, elegant -- ನೋಟುವಕ್ ಚಾಯಿಕಾಂಬದ್ '''सुदामा''' -- a very poor friend and class fellow of lord krishna at the school of their preceptor ºÉÆnùÒ{ÉxÉ ¨ÉÖÊxÉ, very helpless and indigent fellow -- ಕೃಷ್ಣಂಡ ಸ್ನೇಹಿತ, ಸುದಾಮ '''सुदि''' -- the moonlit fortnight of a lunar month -- ಬೊಳ್‌ತ ಬಾವು, ಬೊಳ್ತಬಾವುರ ಇದ್‌ಪ್ '''सुदिन''' -- fine day, happy day, happy times -- ನಲ್ಲ ದಿನ, ಕುಸಿರ ದಿನ '''सुदूर''' -- very far, remote -- ದುಂಬಾ ದೂರತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुदृढ़''' -- very strong, very firm, very rigid -- ನಲ್ಲ ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾನವೂ '''सुध''' -- memory, consciousness, senses -- ಗ್ಯಾನ, ನೆಪ್ಪ್ '''सुधरना''' -- to reformed, to be improved, to be amended, to be repaired, to be corrected -- ಸುದಾರಣೆ ಆಪ, ತಕ್ಕ್ ಕೇಟಿತ್ ನಲ್ಲವನಾಪ '''सुधर्म''' -- virtuous duty, piety -- ನಲ್ಲ ಕೆಲಸ '''सुधा''' -- nectar -- ಅಮೃತ, ತೇನ್, ಮಧು '''सुधार''' -- reform, uplift, repair, amendment, modification, improve-ment, correction -- ಸುದಾರಣೆ ಆಪ '''सुधारना''' -- to reform, to repair, to mend, to amend, to improve, to uplift, to correct -- ಸುದಾರಣೆ ಆಪೊ, ತಿದ್ದುವ '''सुधांशु''' -- the moon -- ಚಣ್ಣೂರ, ಚಂದ್ರ '''सुधि''' -- memory, consciousness, senses -- ಗ್ಯಾನ, ನೆಪ್ಪ್ '''सुधी''' -- wise, learned -- ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ, ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆಕಾರ, ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ '''सुनना''' -- to hear, to listen, to pay heed -- ಕೇಪ '''सुनम्य''' -- plastic, flexible -- ಪದವುಳ್ಳ ಸುಲಭತ್‌ಲ್ ಬಗ್ಗುವಂತದ್ '''सुनयना''' -- having beautiful eyes, pretty eyed -- ಚಾಯಿ ಕಣ್ಣ್ '''सुनवाई''' -- hearing -- ಕೇಪ '''सुनसान''' -- desolate, deserted, lonely -- ಸದ್ದೇ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ, ಮೌನ, ಒಬ್ಬೊಂಟಿ, ದಿಕ್ಕಿಲ್ಲತ '''सुनहरा''' -- golden -- ಪೊನ್ನ್‌ನಂತದ್, ಕೇಪಕ್ ಚಾಯಿಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुनाना''' -- to cause to hear, to relate, to read out, to recite, to pronounce -- ಕೇಪನಕ್ಕೆ ಎಣ್ಣ್‌ವೊ, ಓದಿತ್ ಎಣ್ಣುವ '''सुनाम''' -- repute, celebrity, fame, good will -- ನಲ್ಲ ಪೆದ, ಕೇಳಿ '''सुनार''' -- a goldsmith -- ಪೊನ್ನ್ ಪಣಿಕಾರ, ತಟ್ಟ '''सुनिश्चय''' -- assurance, definiteness -- ನಿಶ್ಚಿತವಾನದ್, ಖಂಡಿತವಾಯಿತು '''सुनिश्चित''' -- assured, definite -- ನಿಶ್ಚಿತವಾನದ್ '''सुनीति''' -- equity -- ನೀತಿ, ಧರ್ಮ, ನ್ಯಾಯ '''सुपक्व''' -- well ripe, well ripened -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ಪಣ್ಣಾನದ್ '''सुपच''' -- easily digestible -- ಬೆರಿಯ ಕರ್‌ವದ್, ಅರಗಣೆ ಆಪದ್ '''सुपथ''' -- the course of morality or equity or justice -- ನೀತಿರ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ನೀತಿರ ಮಾರ್ಗ '''सुपाच्य''' -- easily digestible -- ಬೆರಿಯ ಕರ್‌ವದ್/ ಜೀರ್ಣ ಆಪದ್ '''सुपाठ''' -- legible, readable, worth reading -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ಗೊತ್ತ್‌ಪದ್/ ಸರಿಕ್ ಓದ್ವಕೈವಂತದ್ '''सुपात्र''' -- a deserving, one who deserves -- ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾನ, ಲಾಯಕ್ಕಾನ '''सुपारी''' -- betel nut, areca nut -- ಅಡಿಕೆ '''सुपुर्द''' -- entrusted, committed, charged -- ಒಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವದ್ '''सुप्त''' -- asleep, dormant, senseless -- ಸದ್ದಿಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್, ವರೀಟದ್ '''सुप्रतिष्ठित''' -- well established, reputed, celebrated -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಆನದ್ '''सुप्रभाव''' -- good effect, welcome effect -- ನಲ್ಲ ಪ್ರಭಾವ, ನಲ್ಲ ಪರಿಣಾಮ '''सुप्रयोग''' -- good usage, good application, proper utilisation -- ನಲ್ಲ ಉಪಯೋಗ '''सुप्रसिद्ध''' -- reputed, renowned, famous, celebrated -- ನಲ್ಲ ಕೇಳಿ ಪೋನದ್ '''सुफल''' -- good result, welcome result -- ನಲ್ಲ ಫಲ ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟ್‌ವೊ '''सुबह''' -- morning, dawn -- ಪೊಲಾಕ, ಪೊಲ್ಂಜತಿಕ್ '''सुबुक''' -- light, delicate, quick, nimble handed -- ಬುದ್ಧಿಕಾರ, ಹುಷಾರಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳ, ಗಟ್ಟಿಗ '''सुबुद्धि''' -- good sense, moral sense, wisdom -- ನಲ್ಲ ಬುದ್ಧಿ '''सुबोध''' -- intelligible, easy -- ನಲ್ಲದ್, ಸುಲಭವಾನದ್, ಸುಲಭತ್‌ಲ್ ಅರ್ಂಜವಂತದ್ '''सुभग''' -- beautiful, lucky -- ಚಾಯುಳ್ಳದ್, ಅದೃಷ್ಟ '''सुभाषित''' -- well said -- ನಲ್ಲದ್ ಪರೆವೊ, ನಲ್ಲತಕ್ಕ್ '''सुभीता''' -- convenience, comfort -- ಅನುಕೂಲ '''सुमति''' -- unity, union -- ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ '''सुमधुर''' -- very sweet, melodious -- ದುಂಬಾ ಮೊದ್‌ರ, ಕೇಪಕ್ ಇಂಪಾನದ್ '''सुमन''' -- a flower -- ಪೂ '''सुमार्ग''' -- good course, moral course, just course -- ನಲ್ಲ ಬಟ್ಟೆ '''सुमिरनी''' -- a rosary -- ಜಪ ಮಾಲೆ '''सुमुखी''' -- pretty faced (woman), beautiful -- ಚಾಯಿಕಾರ್ತಿ ಚಾಯಿ, ಮೂಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳವ '''सुमेरु''' -- the mythological mountain of gold -- ಸುಮೇರು ಕುಂದ್ '''सुयश''' -- reputation, renown -- ನಲ್ಲ ಪೆದ, ಕೇಳಿ '''सुयोग''' -- a happy chance, a happy coincidence -- ನಲ್ಲ ಬವುಸ್, ನಲ್ಲಯೋಗ '''सुर''' -- tone, a note in music, vowel, a god -- ಸ್ವರ '''सुरक्षा''' -- protection, security -- ನಲ್ಲ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ '''सुरंग''' -- a tunnel, mine -- ಸುರಂಗ/ ನೆಲತ್ತ್‌ರ ಒಳ್‌ಲ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ನೆಲಮಾಳಿ '''सुरति''' -- memory, recollection, amorous, dalliance, sexual enjoyment -- ಸಂಬೋಗ ಸುಖ '''सुरभि''' -- fragrance, aroma, perfume, scent -- ನಲ್ಲ ವಾಸನೆವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुरमई''' -- dark grey, or the colour of ºÉÖ®ú¨ÉÉ -- ಕರ್ಪುಬೂದ ರಂಗ್‌ರ '''सुरम्य''' -- charming, attractive, beautiful -- ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಚಾಯಿ '''सुरस''' -- flavoury, juicy, sweet -- ರಸವಾನದ್, ನಲ್ಲಗಮನವುಳ್ಳ '''सुरसा''' -- mythologically, a monstrous figure said to be the mother of snakes, who blocked hanumans expedition to ±ÉÆEòÉ trying to devour him by opening her mouth wider than hanumans increasing size -- ಎಲ್ಲಾಪಾಂಬಡ ಅವ್ವ, ಒರ್ ರಾಕ್ರಾಸಿ '''सुरा''' -- wine, liquor -- ಕಳ್ಳ್ '''सुराख''' -- a hole, cavity, an aperture -- ತೂತ '''सुराग़''' -- a clue, trace -- ಸೂಚನೆ '''सुरागाय''' -- a yak -- ಹಿಮಾಲಯತ್ತಿಪ್ಪ ಪ್ರಾಣಿ (ಚಮರೀ ಮೃಗ) '''सुराज''' -- good rule, independence -- ನಲ್ಲ ಆಡಳಿತ '''सुराज्य''' -- good rule, worthy state -- ನಲ್ಲ ರಾಜ್ಯ '''सुरासुर''' -- the gods and demons -- ದೇವತೆಯಳೂ ಪಿಂಞ ರಾಕ್ರಾಸಿಯಳು '''सुराही''' -- a flagon, long necked earthen water pot -- ನೀರ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚವ ಮಣ್ಣ್‌ರ ಕುಡಿಕೆ, ಗುಜಾಯಿ '''सुरीला''' -- sweet, melodious -- ಮೊದ್‌ರ, ಇಂಪಾನದ್ '''सुरुचि''' -- refined taste, good taste -- ನಲ್ಲ ಚೋದಾನದ್ '''सुरूप''' -- good looking, beautiful, shapely -- ನಲ್ಲ ಚಾಯಿಕಾಂಬದ್, ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुरूर''' -- mild intoxication, slight intoxication, pleasant after effects of mild intoxication -- ಚೆನ್ನ ಮಂಡೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್‌ವದ್ '''सुरेंद्र''' -- indra- the chief of gods -- ದೇವೇಂದ್ರ, ದೇವತೆಯಡ ರಾಜ '''सुर्ख''' -- red, ruddy -- ಚೋಂದಿತೆವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಚೋಪ್ '''सुलक्षण''' -- gifted with laudable ways, having auspicious features or characteristics or marks, fortunate, lucky -- ನಲ್ಲ ಚಾಯಿಕಾಂಬದ್ ಲಕ್ಷಣವಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुलगना''' -- to smoulder, to burn, to begin to burn, to be ignited -- ಕತ್ತ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವದ್ '''सुलगाना''' -- to kindle, to ignite, to burn -- ಕತ್ತ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವದ್, ತಿತ್ತ್‌ಕತ್ತ್ ಚಿಡುವ '''सुलझना''' -- to be disentangled, to be unraveled, to be solved -- ಜಿಕ್ಕ್ಂಜಿ ಬುಡ್‌ತಿಯವ ತೊಂದರೆಂಜಿ ಬುಡ್‌ತಿಯವ '''सुलझाना''' -- to disentangle, to unravel, to solve, to set right -- ತೀರ್ಮಾನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್, ತೊಂದರಂಜಿ ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡೆ ಆಪ '''सुलटा''' -- straight, direct -- ನೇರೆ '''सुलफ़ा''' -- an intoxicating drug, crude tobacco smoked without using filter -- ಮತ್ತ್‌ಬಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ ಮದ್ದ್ '''सुलभ''' -- easy, accessible, available, handy -- ಸುಲಭವಾನದ್ '''सुलभ्य''' -- easily accessible, easily available -- ಸುಲಭತ್ ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''सुललित''' -- charming, graceful, elegant -- ಚಾಯಿಉಳ್ಳದ್, ನಾಜೂಕಾನದ್ '''सुलह''' -- an agreement, reconciliation, rapprochement -- ಒಪ್ಪಚಾರ '''सुलाना''' -- to cause to sleep, to lull to stop -- ಒರಕ್ ಕೂಟುವ '''सुलाभ''' -- advantage -- ಲಾಭ ಆಪದ್ '''सुलूक''' -- treatment, behaviour -- ನಡತ್ಯವ ರೀತಿ '''सुलोचना''' -- beautiful eyed (woman), having charming eyes -- ಚಾಯಿಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಳ್ಳವ '''सुवक्ता''' -- an orator, a good speaker -- ನಲ್ಲ ತಕ್ಕ್‌ಕಾರ '''सुवचन''' -- good words, pleasant words -- ನಲ್ಲ ತಕ್ಕ್ '''सुवाच्य''' -- readable -- ಚಾಯತೆ ಓದ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''सुवार्ता''' -- good news -- ನಲ್ಲ ಸುದ್ಧಿ '''सुवास''' -- fragrance, aroma, perfume, scent -- ನಲ್ಲ ವಾಸನೆ/ ಸುವಾಸನೆ, ನಲ್ಲಗಮನ '''सुविख्यात''' -- renowned, reputed -- ಕೇಳಿಪಟ್ಟದ್ '''सुविचार''' -- good idea, subtle idea -- ನಲ್ಲ ವಿಚಾರ '''सुविचारित''' -- well considered -- ನಲ್ಲ ತೀರ್ಮಾನ ಎಡ್‌ತಂತದ್ '''सुविदित''' -- well known -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ಗೊತ್ತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुविधा''' -- facility, convenience -- ನಲ್ಲ ಅನುಕೂಲವಾನದ್ '''सुवृत्त''' -- virtuous, righteous -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ ಉಳ್ಳವನ್, ಸತ್ಯತ್ ನಡಪಂವ '''सुवेश''' -- well dressed, good looking -- ನಲ್ಲ ಪೊರಪಾಡ್ '''सुव्यक्त''' -- well expressed, distinctly expressed, distinct, manifest, articulated -- ನಲ್ಲ ರೀತಿಲ್ ಎಣ್ಣುನದ್ '''सुव्यवस्था''' -- order, good organisation, good administration -- ನಲ್ಲ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್, ನಲ್ಲ ಆಡಳಿತ '''सुव्यवस्थित''' -- orderly, regular, well organised, well administered -- ನಲ್ಲ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''सुशासन''' -- good government, good administration -- ನಲ್ಲ ಆಡಳಿತ, ನಲ್ಲ ಸರ್ಕಾರ '''सुशिक्षित''' -- well educated, highly educated -- ನಲ್ಲ ಎಳ್‌ತ್ತ್‌ಕಾರ, ನಲ್ಲ ಎಳ್‌ತ್ ಪಡ್‌ಚಂವ '''सुशील''' -- courteous, suave, modest -- ನಲ್ಲ ಗುಣಕಾರ '''सुशोभित''' -- well adorned, graceful -- ನಲ್ಲೋಣೆ ಅಲಂಕಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''सुश्री''' -- an honorofic prefixed to the name of a woman - married or unmarried -- ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್‌ಡ ಪೆದತ್ತ್‌ರ ಮಿಂಞಲ್ ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ವ ಶಬ್ದ '''सुषमा''' -- beauty, exceptional prettiness, charm -- ಮಿತಿ ಮೀರ್ನ ಚಾಯಿ '''सुषुप्त''' -- asleep, in deep slumber, dormant -- ವರ್‌ಕ್ ಚೊಕ್ಕಿಯೋಪ (ಗಾಢ ನಿದ್ರೆ) '''सुष्ठु''' -- elegant, appropriate -- ನಲ್ಲ ಚಾಯಿಲ್‌ವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुसंगत''' -- very appropriate, very logical, valid, tenable, reasonable, concordant, relevant -- ದುಂಬ ಸರಿಯಾನದ್ '''सुसंगति''' -- good association, commendable company, validity, relevance, concordance, rationality -- ನಲ್ಲ ಕೂಟ್ '''सुसज्जित''' -- well adorned, well equipped -- ಚಾಯೋಡೆ ಸಿದ್ಧವಾಯಿತ್ '''सुसंपन्न''' -- prosperous, affluent, well-to-do -- ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿಯಾನ, ಏಳಿಗೆಯಾಯಂಡುಳ್ಳ '''सुसंस्कृत''' -- well cultured, refined -- ನಲ್ಲ ಸಂಸ್ಕಾರವುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुसाध्य''' -- easily achievabe, curable without difficulty -- ಸುಲಭತ್ ಗುರಿಮುಟ್ಟ್‌ವದ್ '''सुस्त''' -- slow, languid, indolent, lazy, idle, in low spirit, spiritless, depressed -- ಮೈಂದ, ನಿಧಾನಿ, ಕೆಯ್ಯಂಗಳ್ಳ '''सुस्ताना''' -- to relax, to rest, to have a respite -- ಸುಸ್ತ್ ಪರಿಹಾರ ಮಾಡಿಯವ '''सुस्ती''' -- languor, indolence, laziness, idleness, spiritlessness, depression -- ಮೈಂದತನ, ಕ್ಷೀಣ, ಸುಸ್ತ್ '''सुस्थ''' -- normal, in a normal state, composed, equipoised, well composed -- ಒರ್ ಮಾದರಿವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಮಾಮೂಲೆನ್ನಕೆ ಉಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुस्थित''' -- well situated, well located, well poised -- ಒರೇ ಸಮವಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुस्थिर''' -- well poised, steady, stable, firm, well established -- ಚಾಯಿಲ್ ತಯಾರಾನದ್ '''सुस्वर''' -- melodious voice, melodious tune -- ಇಂಪಾನ ಸ್ವರ '''सुस्वाद''' -- delicious tasty -- ಚೋದಾನದ್ '''सुहबत''' -- company, association, cohabitation, coition -- ಕೂಟ್‌ಕ್ ಕೂಡ್‌ವದ್ '''सुहाग''' -- coverture, the happy state of a woman when her husband is alive, husband, good fortune -- ಮುತ್ತೈದೆತನ '''सुहाता''' -- pleasant, pleasantly warm -- ಬಿಸಿಯಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್, ಕುಸಿತಪ್ಪಂತದ್ '''सुहावना''' -- pleasing, charming, likeable -- ಇಷ್ಟಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಕುಸಿಯಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''सुहृद''' -- friendly, loving -- ಸ್ನೇಹಚಾರ '''सूकर''' -- a boar, pig, a word of abuse-swine, very dirty person, thick skinned person -- ಪಂದಿ '''सूक्त''' -- a mantra of the vedas -- ಶ್ಲೋಕ '''सूक्ति''' -- a maxim, an epigram, a pithy pointed saying -- ಐಲಾಟತ್ತ್‌ರ ಪಾಟ್ (ಕುತ್ತ್‌ನಂತ ತಕ್ಕ್ ಚುಚ್ಚು ಮಾತು) ನೀತಿವಾಕ್ಯ, ಗಾದೆ '''सूक्ष्म''' -- subtle, minute, fine, thin -- ತಳ್ಳನೆ, ಚೆರಿಯ, ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮವಾನದ್ '''सूखना''' -- to dry up, to wither, to dwindle, to be attenuated, to evaporate -- ಒಣಕ್‌ವೊ '''सूखा''' -- dry, sapless, blunt, flat, all told, with nothing extra -- ಒಣಂಗ್‌ನದ್ '''सूँघना''' -- to smell, to scent, to sniff, to eat very little -- ಮೂಸ್‌ವದ್, ಚೆನ್ನಂಗ್‌ತಿಂಬ '''सूचक''' -- an informant, informer, a pointer -- ಸೂಚನೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪವನ್ '''सूचना''' -- information, intimation, notice, notification, announcement -- ಅರೀಪ್, ಸೂಚನೆ '''सूचनीय''' -- reportable or to be reported, informable or to be informed -- ಅರೀಪ್ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪದ್, ಎಣ್ಣಂಡಿಯದ್ '''सूची''' -- a list, catalogue -- ವಿಚಾರ ದುಂಬಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ ವಿಷಯ ಪಟ್ಟಿ '''सूजना''' -- to swell -- ಬಣ್ಣಬೆಪ್ಪ, ಪುಡ್‌ತವ '''सूझ''' -- insight, vision, imagination, perception -- ಮನಸ್ಸ್‌ಕ್ ತೋಂದ್‌ವ '''सूँड़''' -- the trunk of an elephant, proboscis -- ತುಂಬಿ ಕೈ '''सूत''' -- yarn, thread, length, equal to one-eighth of an inch, a charioteer, one who relates ancient legends -- ನೂಲ್‌ರ ಎಳೆ, ಕಥೆ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ವವನ್, ಉದ್ದ, ಇಂಚ್‌ರ ಕೈಭಾಗ, ಎಟ್ಟನೆ ಓರ್ ಭಾಗ '''सूतक''' -- impurity or defilement which, according to the hindu tradition, is caused by a death or birth in the family -- ಸೂತಕ '''सूती''' -- cotton, made of cotton -- ಪರ್‌ತಿ, ಪರ್‌ತಿಂಜ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''सूत्र''' -- a thread, yarn, fibre, source, aphorism, formula, sacred thread -- ನೂಲ್, ಚೇರಿ, ಮೂಲ ಜಾಗ, ಗಾದೆ '''सूत्रालेख''' -- a monograph -- ಒರೇ ವಿಷಯತ್ತ್‌ರ ಪುಸ್ತಕ '''सूद''' -- interest -- ಬಡ್ಡಿ '''सूदन''' -- a sanskrit suffix used to denote a killer or destroyer or conqueror of -- ನಾಶ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''सूना''' -- lonely, desolate, empty -- ಖಾಲಿಯಾನದ್, ಒಬ್ಬನೇ, ಜನಳೇ ಇಲ್ಲತ '''सूप''' -- a winnowing basket, soup, broth -- ಮೊರ, ಸೂಪ್, ಕಣ್ಣಿ '''सूर''' -- brave, blind -- ಧೈರ್ಯಗಾರ, ಕುರ್‌ಡ್ '''सूरज''' -- the sun -- ಸೂರ್ಯ '''सूरत''' -- countenance, face, appearance, looks, form, case, condition, state -- ಮೂಡ್ '''सूरमा''' -- brave, a hero, warrior -- ಪಡೆಕಾರ, ದೀರ '''सूर्य''' -- the sun -- ಸೂರ್ಯ '''सूर्यास्त''' -- sunset -- ಸೂರ್ಯ ಮುಳ್‌ವೊ '''सूर्योदय''' -- sunrise -- ಸೂರ್ಯ ಉದಿಪೊ '''सूर्योपासक''' -- a sunworshipper, heliolater -- ಸೂರ್ಯನ ಪೂಜೆಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್ '''सूली''' -- gallows, gibbet -- ಪಾಸಿ ಕಂಬ, ಗಲ್ಲು ಮರ, ಕುಣಿಕೆ ಮರ '''सृजन''' -- creation -- ಉಂಟ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್, ಸೃಷ್ಟಿ '''सृष्ट''' -- created -- ಉಂಟ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್, ಉಂಡಾಕ್‌ನದ್ '''सृष्टि''' -- creation, the world -- ಉಂಟ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಪ್ರಪಂಚ '''सेइया''' -- porcupine -- ಮುಳ್ಳ್ ಪಂದಿ, ಎಪ್ಪಂದಿ '''सेंकना''' -- to foment, to bake, to roast, to warm -- ಶಾಖ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ, ಬರ್‌ಪ '''सेठ''' -- a wealthy merchant -- ದುಡ್ಡ್‌ಉಳ್ಳ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಸ್ಥ, ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ '''सेंत''' -- gratis, free of charge, free of cost -- ಬಣ್ಣೆಕ್‌ಟ್ಟ್‌ವದ್ '''सेतु''' -- a bridge, causeway -- ಸೇತ್‌ವೆ '''सेंधा''' -- rock salt -- ಕಲ್ಲ್ ಉಪ್ಪ್ '''सेना''' -- army, military, horde -- ಪಡೆ '''सेम''' -- beam, kidney bean -- ಮರ ತುಂಡ್, ಕಿರಣ, ಕಿಡ್ನಿರೆನ್ನಕೆವುಳ್ಳ ಅವರೆ '''सेर''' -- a seer-weight equivalent to 16 chhataaks or a little over 2 lbs -- ಸೇರ್, ಅಳತೆ ಸೇರ್ '''सेवक''' -- a servant, an attendant -- ಆಳ್, ಪಣಿಕಾರ '''सेवन''' -- taking, consuming, using, use, serving -- ಉಪಯೋಗಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್ '''सेवनीय''' -- usable, worth taking, consuming, worth serving -- ಉಪಯೋಗಚಿಟ್ಟದ್, ಬಳಸುವಂತದ್ '''सेवा''' -- service, attendance -- ಸೇವೆ '''सेंहुड़''' -- a kind of cactus -- ಮುಳ್ಳ್ ಗಿಡ, ಪಾಪಸ್ ಗಿಡ '''सैकड़ा''' -- one hundred, a group of one hundred -- (ನೂರಾಂಡ ಒರ್ ಕೂಟ್) ನೂರ್ '''सैद्वांतिक''' -- theoretical, pertaining to some theory or doctrine -- ನಿಯಮಕ್ ಒತ್ತದ್ '''सैनिक''' -- a soldier -- ಪಡೆಕಾರ, ಪಡೆಯಾಳಿ '''सैर''' -- walking, ramble, excursion, outing, stroll -- ಸುತ್ತಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ನಡಂದ್ ಕಳಿಪ '''सैलानी''' -- a tourist, wanderer, holiday maker -- ತಿರುಗಾಡ್ವಕ್ ಬಂದವನ್ (ಪ್ರವಾಸಿ) '''सैलाब''' -- flood -- ನೀರ್‌ದುಂಬಿತ್ ಮರಿವೊ (ಪ್ರವಾಹ) ಜಲ ಪ್ರಳಯ '''सो''' -- therefore, thus -- ಅನ್ನನೆ, ಆನಗುಂಡ್ '''सोचना''' -- to think, to reflect, to ponder, over, to consider -- ಗೇನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''सोझा''' -- simple, straight, direct -- ನೇರೆ ನೇರೆ '''सोंठ''' -- dry ginger -- ಒಣಂಗ್‌ನ ಇಂಜಿ '''सोदाहरण''' -- illustrated, exemplified, with example -- ಉದಾಹರಣೆ ತಂದಿತ್ ವಿವರಿಚಿಡುವ '''सोना''' -- gold, an excellent thing -- ಪೊನ್ನ್ '''सोपान''' -- a stair, staircase -- ಮೊಟ್ಟ್ ಮೊಟ್ಟ್, ಏಣಿ '''सोम''' -- the moon, monday, the moon creeper yielding an intoxicating juice which was drunk at sacrifices -- ಚಣ್ಣೂರ, ತಿಂಗಳಾಚೆ, ಸೋಮರಸ '''सोमवार''' -- monday -- ತಿಂಗಳಾಚೆ '''सोल्लास''' -- with great pleasure, with happiness -- ದುಂಬ ಕುಸಿ '''सोहना''' -- to look attractive, beautiful, pleasing, to befit, to suit -- ದುಂಬ ಚಾಯಿ, ಚಾಯಿಕಾಂಬ, ಕುಸಿ ಆಪನ್ನಕೆ '''सोहबत''' -- company, association, copulation, sexual intercourse -- ಜೊತೆ ಕೂಟ್, ಸಂಭೋಗ ಕ್ರಿಯೆ '''सौगम्य''' -- easiness, accessibility -- ಸುಲಬತ್ ಕ್‌ಟ್ಟ್‌ವದ್ '''सौग़ात''' -- a present, gift -- ಕೊದಿ ಮೊದ, ಇನಾಮ್ '''सौजन्य''' -- goodness, courtesy -- ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಕೆ, ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ '''सौत''' -- a co-wife -- ಸವತಿ, ಒಡಿಯಂಡ ದಂಡನೆ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''सौतेला''' -- pertaining to or related with or born of सौत: -- ಚಿಕ್ಕವ್ವಂಡ ಮಕ್ಕ '''सौंदर्य''' -- beauty, charm, prettiness -- ಚಾಯಿ, ಬೋಜ '''सौदा''' -- a bargain, transaction, negotiation, goods, comodity -- ಚರ್ಚೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ವ್ಯವಹಾರತ್‌ಲ್ ಚರ್ಚೆ '''सौदाई''' -- mad, insane -- ಮಂಡೆ ಸರಿ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತವನ್, ಪುಚ್ಚ್ '''सौदामिनी''' -- lightning -- ಮಿನ್ನ್‌ವ, ತೆಡ್‌ಮಿನ್ನುವ '''सौंध''' -- fragrance, sweet smell -- ನಲ್ಲ ವಾಸನೆ, ಸುವಾಸನೆ '''सौंपना''' -- to hand over, to give, to entrust, to surrender, to delegate, to assign -- ಒಪ್ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ, ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''सौभाग्य''' -- good luck, fortune -- ಅದೃಷ್ಟ, ನಲ್ಲನಸೀಪ್ '''सौमनस्य''' -- good will, happiness, pleasure -- ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಕೆ, ಕುಸಿ, ಕುಸಿಕುಸಿ '''सौम्य''' -- amiable, gentle -- ಸೌಮ್ಯ, ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ, ಸಾಧುಗುಣತ್‌ರ '''सौर''' -- solar -- ಸೂರ್ಯ ಪ್ರಕಾಶ, ಸೂರ್ಯಂಡ '''सौरभ''' -- fragrance, aroma -- ಸುವಾಸನೆ, ನಲ್ಲಗಮನ '''सौष्ठव''' -- grace, elegance, charm -- ಕಳೆವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಚಾಯಿಬೋಜ '''सौहार्द''' -- amity, friendship, love, good relations -- ಒತ್ತೊರ್ಮೆ, ಪ್ರೀತಿ, ಸಿನೇಚಾರ '''स्कूल''' -- a school -- ಸ್ಕೂಲ್ '''स्खलन''' -- a lapse, slip, discharge -- ಬುಡ್‌ಗಡೆ, ಜಾರ್‌ವೊ, ಕೈತಪ್ಪ್‌ನದ್ '''स्तन''' -- the female breast, udder -- ಮೊಲೆ '''स्तनी''' -- mammals, having breasts or udders -- ಮೊಲೆ ಉಳ್ಳ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಯ '''स्तब्ध''' -- stupefied, stilled, stunned, flabbergasted, spastic -- ನಿಬ್ಬೆರಗಾಪ, ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ ಆಪೊ '''स्तंभ''' -- a column, pillar, stem, stupefaction, torpor -- ಕಂಬ, ತುಂಡ್, ಅಡಿಮರ '''स्तंभित''' -- stupefied, benumbed, wonder struck, flabbergasted -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ ಆಪೊ, ಮರಗಟ್ಟಿ ಪೋನದ್ '''स्तर''' -- standard, level, layer, stratum, fold, grade -- ಮಟ್ಟ, ಮಡಿಕೆ '''स्तव''' -- praise, eulogy, panegyric -- ಹೊಗಳಿಕೆ '''स्तवक''' -- a bunch of flowers, bouquet, chapter of a book -- ಪೂವ್‌ರ ಕೆಟ್ಟ್, ಪುಸ್ತಕತ್ತ್‌ರ ಭಾಗ, ಪೂಜೊಪ್ಪೆ '''स्तुति''' -- prayer, invocation, eulogy, praise -- ದೇವರ ಹೊಗಳ್‌ವ, ಸ್ತುತಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆ '''स्तुत्य''' -- laudable, praise worthy, admirable -- ಹೊಗಳ್‌ವಂತದ್, ಮೆಚ್ಚಂಡಿಯದ್ '''स्तूप''' -- a monument -- ಸ್ಮಾರಕ '''स्तोत्र''' -- hymn, eulogism, doxology -- ದೇವಡ ಸೋಸ್ತ್ರ '''स्त्री''' -- a woman, female, wife -- ಪೊಣ್ಣಾಳ್, ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''स्त्रोत''' -- source, resource, a stream, current -- ಮೂಲ ಜಾಗ, ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ವ ಜಾಗ , ತೋಡ್ '''स्थकित''' -- tired, fatigued, wearied -- ಚೋತ್, ಪೋನದ್ '''स्थगन''' -- postponement, adjournment -- ಮಿಂಞ್ಞಕ್ ತೆರಕ್‌ನದ್ '''स्थगित''' -- postponed, adjourned -- ನಿಂದ್ ಪೋನದ್, ತೆರಕ್‌ನದ್ '''स्थल''' -- land, place, site, location, venue, field -- ಭೂಮಿ, ನೆಲ '''स्थान''' -- place, spot, site -- ಜಾಗ, ನಿಶ್ಚಿತ ಜಾಗ '''स्थानांतर''' -- transfer, another or different place or position or post -- ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ '''स्थानापन्न''' -- acting, officiating, a sit-inman, substitute -- ಬದ್‌ಲ್‌ಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪವನ್, ಬದ್‌ಲ್‌ಕ್ '''स्थानिक''' -- local, resident, endemic -- ಜಾಗತ್ತ್‌ರ, ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ '''स्थानीय''' -- local, endemic, colloquial -- ಜಾಗತ್ತ್‌ಉಳ್ಳ, ಸ್ಥಳೀಕ '''स्थापक''' -- a founder, erector, fixer -- ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನವನ್ '''स्थापना''' -- propounding, founding -- ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''स्थापित''' -- propounded, founded -- ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''स्थायित्व''' -- permanency, stability -- ಶಾಶ್ವತ '''स्थायी''' -- permanent, stable, lasting, durable -- ಶಾಶ್ವತವಾನದ್ '''स्थावर''' -- immovable, stable, stationary -- ಸ್ಥಿರವಾನದ್ '''स्थित''' -- situated, located -- ಜಾಗತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''स्थिति''' -- position, situation, location, place, site -- ಜಾಗ, ಸ್ಥಾನ '''स्थिर''' -- stable, firm, steady -- ಸ್ಥಿರವಾನದ್ '''स्थिरीकरण''' -- stabilization, making steady -- ಸ್ಥಿರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್, ಶಾಶ್ವತವಾನದ್ '''स्थूल''' -- plump, fat, bulky -- ಬಣ್ಣತುಳ್ಳದ್, ಪುಡ್‌ಙನೆ '''स्थूलोदर''' -- pot bellied, paunchy -- ಬಲ್ಯ ಪೊಟ್ಟೆ (ಬಲ್ಯ ತಡಿಕಾರ) ಕುಂಬೆ (ಬೊಜ್ಜು) ದೊಳ್ಳ '''स्नात''' -- bathed -- ಕುಳಿಪೊ, ಕುಳ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಟ್ಟದ್ '''स्नान''' -- bath, ablution -- ಕುಳಿಪೊ '''स्नायु''' -- nerves, sinews, ligament -- ನೆರು, ಸ್ನಾಯು (ಮಾಂಸ ಖಂಡ) '''स्निग्ध''' -- affectionate, smooth, glossy, oily, greasy -- ನಯವಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್, ಕೊದಿರ, ಮಿನ್‌ಙನೆ, ಎಣ್ಣೆಪಸೆ '''स्नेह''' -- love, affection, oil, oily substance -- ಕುಸಿ, ಪ್ರೀತಿ ವಿಶ್ವಾಸ, ಎಣ್ಣೆ '''स्नेही''' -- a lover -- ಕುಸಿಕಾರ, ಕೊದಿಕಾರ '''स्पंद''' -- vibration, pulsation, throbbing -- ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪ, ಬೊರಪ, ಸ್ಪಂದ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ '''स्पंदन''' -- vibration, pulsation, throbbing -- ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ಪ, ಸ್ಪಂದ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ '''स्पर्धा''' -- rivalry, envy -- ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆ, ಪೈಪೋಟಿ '''स्पर्श''' -- touch, contact, feel -- ಮುಟ್ಟ್‌ವೊ, ತ್ಂಡ್‌ವೊ '''स्पष्ट''' -- clear, vivid, lucid, evident, apparent, obvious, articulate, distinct -- ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ಎದ್ದ್‌ಕಾಂಬದ್ '''स्पष्टीकरण''' -- clarification, explanation -- ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ '''स्पृश्य''' -- touchable, perceptible through touch -- ಮುಟ್ಟ್‌ವೋ, ತ್ಂಡ್‌ವಂತದ್ '''स्पृष्ट''' -- touched -- ಮುಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್, ತ್ಂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''स्फटिक''' -- crystal, quartz -- ಪರಿಶುದ್ದವಾನದ್, ಬೊಂಗಲ್ಲ್ ಸ್ಪಟಿಕ '''स्फटित''' -- torn, split open, cleft -- ಕೀತ್‌ನದ್ '''स्फार''' -- expanded, opened wide, widely diffused -- ಅಗಲಕಾಂಬದ್ '''स्फीति''' -- inflation, swelling -- ಬಣ್ಣಬೆಚ್ಚದ್, ಪುಡ್‌ಪ್ '''स्फुट''' -- miscellaneous, distinct, manifest -- ಬೋರೆ ಬೋರೆ, ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾನದ್, ತರಾವರಿ '''स्फुटन''' -- shooting forth, blossoming -- ಮೊಳೆಕೆ ಬಪ್ಪ, ಪೂಬೀರುವ '''स्फुरण''' -- spurt, throbbing, pulsation -- ಉಕ್ಕ್‌ವೊ, ಚಿಮ್ಮುವೊ, ಪಾರುವ '''स्फूर्ति''' -- agility, smartness, quickness, tone -- ಉತ್ತೇಜನ, ಬೆನ್ನ್‌ತಟ್ಟಿಕೊಡ್‌ಪ, ಚುರ್‌ಕ್ '''स्फोट''' -- explostion, burst -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ್‌ವೊ '''स्फोटक''' -- explosive -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವದ್ '''स्फोटन''' -- explosion -- ಪೊಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್ '''स्मरण''' -- memory, remembrance -- ನೆಪ್ಪ್, ಗ್ಯಾನ '''स्मरणीय''' -- memorable, worth remembering -- ಗ್ಯಾನ ಬೆಚ್ಚವದ್, ನೆಪ್ಪ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವದ್ '''स्मारक''' -- a monument, memorial -- ಗ್ಯಾನಕುಳ್ಳದ್, ಸ್ಮಾರಕ '''स्मारिका''' -- a souvenir -- ಗುರ್‌ತ್, ಸ್ಮಾರಕ '''स्मित''' -- a smile -- ತೆಳಿ, ಪೂಂದೆಳಿ '''स्मृति''' -- memory, remembrance -- ಗ್ಯಾನ ಮಾಡ್ಯವದ್ '''स्याही''' -- ink, darkness, blackness -- ಇಂಕ್, ಇರ್‌ಟ್, ಕರ್ತದ್ '''स्व''' -- one's own, personal, self -- ಸ್ವಂತ '''स्वचल''' -- automatic -- ತನ್ನ ತಾನೇ, ತಾನಾಯಿತೆ ನಡಪದ್ '''स्वच्छ''' -- clean, clear, neat -- ಶುಭ್ರವಾನದ್, ಚಾಯಿಲುಳ್ಳದ್ '''स्वच्छंद''' -- self-willed, unrestrained -- ಸ್ವ ಇಚ್ಛೆ , ತಾಂಡ ಇಚ್ಛೆ ಪೋಲೆ '''स्वजन''' -- kith and kin, kinsfolk -- ಕಂದ್ ಕರ್ '''स्वजातीय''' -- co-racial, belonging to one's own caste -- ಒರೇ ಜಾತಿಕ್ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''स्वतः''' -- of one's own accord, voluntarily -- ತನ್ನ ತಾನೇ, ಸ್ವತಃ '''स्वतंत्र''' -- independent, free, sui juris, autonomous -- ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರವಾನದ್ '''स्वत्व''' -- one's due -- ಒಬ್ಬಂಗ್ ಕೂಡ್‌ನದ್ '''स्वदेश''' -- one's own country -- ಸ್ವದೇಶ, ತಾನ್ ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನ ದೇಶ '''स्वदेशी''' -- native, indigenous -- ದೇಶತೇ ಆನದ, ಸ್ವದೇಶೀ '''स्वधर्म''' -- one's own religion -- ಸ್ವಂತ ಧರ್ಮ, ತಾಂಡಧರ್ಮ '''स्वप्न''' -- dream -- ಸ್ವಪನ '''स्वप्निल''' -- dreamy -- ಸ್ವಪನ ಕಾಂಬವು '''स्वभाव''' -- nature, temperament -- ಸ್ವಭಾವ '''स्वयं''' -- by oneself, of one's own accord -- ಸ್ವಂತ, ತಾಂಡೊಟ್ಟ್‌ಕ್ '''स्वराष्ट्र''' -- homeland -- ಪುಟ್ಟ್‌ನ ಜಾಗ, ಸ್ವಂತ ದೇಶ '''स्वरूप''' -- shape, form -- ರೂಪ, ಆಕಾರ '''स्वर्ग''' -- paradise, heaven -- ಸ್ವರ್ಗ '''स्वर्गारोहण''' -- ascendance into the heaven or paradise or death -- ಸ್ವರ್ಗಕ್ ಪೋಪ, ಚಾವೊ '''स्वर्ण''' -- gold -- ಪೊನ್ನ್ '''स्वर्णिम''' -- golden -- ಪೊನ್ನ್ಂಜ ಆನದ್ '''स्वस्थ''' -- healthy, hale, robust -- ನಲ್ಲ ಆರೋಗ್ಯಕಾರ '''स्वहित''' -- self interest -- ತಾಂಡ ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ '''स्वाँग''' -- mimicry, farce, sham -- ಅನುಕರಣೆ '''स्वागत''' -- welcome, reception -- ತಕ್ಕಾರ '''स्वाद''' -- taste, flavour, relish -- ಸ್ವಾದ, ಚೋದ್ '''स्वादिष्ट''' -- tasteful, delicious, dainty, palatable, relishable -- ಚೋದಾನದ್ '''स्वाधीन''' -- free, independent, sui juris -- ಪುಡ್‌ತತುಳ್ಳದ್, ಸ್ವಾಧೀನತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''स्वाध्याय''' -- study -- ಓದ್‌ವೊ, ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ '''स्वानुभव''' -- self experience, personal experience -- ಸ್ವಂತ ಅನುಭವ '''स्वानुभूति''' -- self experience, personal experience -- ಸ್ವಂತ ಅನುಭವ '''स्वाभाविक''' -- natural, innate, inherent, inborn -- ಸ್ವಂತ ಅನುಭವ '''स्वाभिमान''' -- self respect -- ಸ್ವಾಭಾವಿಕವಾನದ್ '''स्वामित्व''' -- ownership, proprietorship -- ಸ್ವಾಭಿಮಾನ '''स्वामी''' -- master, lord, owner, husband, proprietor -- ಹಕ್ಕ್ '''स्वायत्त''' -- autonomous -- ಹಕ್ಕ್‌ದಾರ, ಯಜಮಾನ '''स्वार्थ''' -- selfishness, self interest -- ತನ್ನ ತಾನೇ ಆಳ್‌ವದ್, ಸ್ವಾಯತ್ತತೆ '''स्वार्थी''' -- selfish, self seeking, an egoist -- ಸ್ವಾರ್ಥಿಯಾನವೊ, ತಾಂಗೇ ಆಂಡೂಂದ್ '''स्वावलंबन''' -- self reliance, self sufficiency, voluntarism -- ಸ್ವಾರ್ಥಿ, ತಾಂಗೊಬ್ಬಂಗೆ ಬೋಂಡೊಂದ್ '''स्वास्थ्य''' -- health, healthiness -- ತಾಂಡಕಾಲ್‌ಲ್ ನಿಪ್ಪವೊ '''स्वाहा''' -- a word uttered while offering oblation to sacrificial fire, burnt -- ಆರೋಗ್ಯ '''स्वीकार''' -- accepted, confessed, granted -- ಅರ್ಪಣೆ (ಸ್ವಾಹಾ) '''स्वीकृत''' -- accepted, approved, granted, sanctioned -- ಸ್ವೀಕಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಕೇಟವೊ '''स्वीकृति''' -- acceptance, sanction, approbation, consent -- ಸ್ವೀಕಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''स्वेच्छा''' -- one's own will, free will -- ಸ್ವೀಕಾರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''स्वैर''' -- licentious, self-willed -- ಇಷ್ಟ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಕಳಿಪ, ಸ್ವ ಇಚ್ಛೆ '''स्वैर ''' -- licentious, self-willed -- ವ್ಯಬಿಚಾರಿ, ಕಾಮುಕ, ಪುಲಿಯಾಡಿ '''ह''' -- the last and the thirty-third letter of the devanagari Alphabet -- ದೇವನಾಗರಿ ಅಕ್ಷರ ಮಾಲೆರ ಕಡೇ ಅಕ್ಷರ ?ಹ? '''हक''' -- stunned still, mute -- ಸದ್ದಿಲತೆ ಆಪ, ಸದ್ದ್‌ಲ್ಲತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಮೂಗ '''हक़''' -- right, entitlement, due -- ಹಕ್ಕ್ '''हकबकाना''' -- to be stunned, to be non-plused, noiseless -- ಸದ್ದಿಲ್ಲತೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''हकला''' -- stammering, pause, falter -- ಬಿಕ್ಕ್‌ವೊ, ಬಿಕ್ಕಿ ಬಿಕ್ಕಿ ಪರೆವೊ '''हकलाना''' -- to stammer, hesitate, fatter -- ಬಿಕ್ಕ್‌ವೊ '''हँकवा''' -- in lion hunt, pursue, track -- ಬೆನ್ನಟ್ಟಿ ಪೋಪ, ಬಯ್ಯೇ ಪೋಪ '''हँकार''' -- halloo, calling aloud -- ಹಲೋ, ಜೋರ್‌ಲ್ ಕಾಕ್‌ವ '''हक़ीक़त''' -- reality, fact, truth -- ನೇರಾನದ್, ಸತ್ಯ '''हक़ीक़तन''' -- infact, in reality, trustworthy -- ನೇರಾಯಿತು '''हकीम''' -- a physician, qualified doctor -- ಹಕೀಮ, ಪಡಿಪ್‌ಕಾರ ಡಾಕ್ಟರ್ '''हक्का-बक्का''' -- stunned, stupefied -- ಸದ್ದಿಲತೆ ನಿಪ್ಪೊ '''हगना''' -- to discharge, faeces, unburden -- ಭಾರ ಇಳ್‌ಪಿಯವೊ, ತೂರ್‌ವೊ '''हगाना''' -- to cause to discharge faeces, to weary about -- ತೂರ್‌ಚಿಡುವ '''हँगामा''' -- uproar, tumult, upheaval -- ಗಲಾಟೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''हँगामी''' -- tremulous, uproarious, noisy -- ಗಲಾಟೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವಯಿಂಗ, ಗ್‌ಡ್‌ತಂಡುಳ್ಳ '''हजम''' -- digested unsureped -- ಅರಗಣೆ ಆಪೋ '''हज़रत''' -- sir, a vocative term of honour -- ಗೌರವಕಾಟ್‌ವ ಶಬ್ದ '''हजामत''' -- shaving, hair cutting -- ಚೌರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ತಲಮಿ ಎಡ್‌ಪೊ '''हजार''' -- one thousand, the number -- ಆಯಿರ '''हजारों''' -- thousands -- ಆಯಿರ ಕಣಕ್‌ಲ್ '''हजूम''' -- a crowd, multitude -- ಒರ್ ಗುಂಪ್ '''हज्जाम''' -- barber -- ಚೌರ ಮಾಡ್‌ವವನ್, ಹಜಾಮ '''हटकना''' -- to restrain, to forbid, to keep under control -- ಪುಡ್‌ತತ್ ಬೆಚ್ಚವೊ '''हटना''' -- to move, go away, to withdraw -- ತೆರಂಗ್‌ವೊ, ಪೋಪೊ '''हटरी''' -- lighting lamp -- ಬೊಳ್‌ಚ ಕತ್ತ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ '''हट्टा-कट्टा''' -- strong and sturdy, well-built -- ಬಣ್ಣ ಎತ್ತರವುಳ್ಳ, ಗಟ್ಟಿಮುಟ್ಟಾನ '''हठ''' -- obstinacy, stubbornness -- ಹಟಕಳಿಪೊ '''हठात''' -- forcibly, suddenly, all of the sudden -- ಒಮ್ಮಕೇ '''हठी''' -- obstinate, stubborn, unbending -- ಬಗ್ಗಿತ್ ಬಕ್ಕತ್ತದ್, ಹಟಮಾರಿ '''हठीला''' -- refractory, of obstinate disposition, mulish -- ಹಟಮಾರಿತನ, ಪುಡ್‌ಚದೇಪುಡಿರ '''हड़क''' -- hydrophobia, rabies, longing -- ನೀರ್ ಕಂಡಕ ಬೊತ್ತ್‌ವ, ರೇಬಿಸ್ '''हड़कन''' -- pain in the joints, lingering ache -- ಸಂದ್‌ಸಂದ್‌ಲ್ ನೊಂಬಲ '''हड़काना''' -- to turn rabid -- ಪುಚ್ಚಿಪುಡಿಪ '''हड़ताल''' -- strike, hit -- ಗಲಾಟೆ, ದೊಂಬಿ '''हँडना''' -- to ramble, to wonder, to roam about aimlessely -- ಗೊತ್ತ್‌ಗುರಿ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಸುತ್ತ್‌ಪೊ '''हड़पना''' -- to swallow, to gulp -- ಮುಗ್ಗ್‌ವೊ, ಎರಕಿಯವ '''हड़बड़ाना''' -- to be impetuous, headlong, eager -- ಅವಸರ, ತಲೆಹರಟೆ '''हड़बड़िया''' -- impetious, hasty, rash -- ಅವಸರ ಕಳಿಪ, ಅಲ್ಂಬಲ್‌ರ '''हंडर''' -- a whip, flog, lash -- ಕೊರಡ, ಚಾಟಿಲ್ ಪೊಯ್ಯುವ '''हंडा''' -- a huge brass pot, cauldran, a large kettle -- ಪಿಚ್ಚಳೆರ ಅಗಲ ಪಾತ್ರೆ (ಹಂಡೆ) ಪಿಚ್ಚೋಳೆರ ಕುಟ್ಟುವ '''हँडि''' -- a small earthern pot, a container of earth ware -- ಮಣ್ಣ್‌ರ ಚೆರಿಯ ಕುಡಿಕೆ '''हड्डी''' -- bone -- ಎಲ್ಂಬ್, ಮೂಳೆ '''हत''' -- killed, stouck, slaughter -- ಕೊಲ್ಲ್, ಕೊಲೆ, ಕೊಂದದ್ '''हंत''' -- regret, grief, sorrow -- ದುಃಖ, ವಿಷಾದಕರ '''हतक''' -- insult, defamation, offend -- ಹೀಯಾಳ್‌ಕೆ, ಅವಮಾನ, ಮಾನಕೇಡ್ '''हतमान''' -- humiliated, insulted, injured -- ಅವಮಾನ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಮಾನಕಳಂದದ್, ಹೀಯಾಳ್‌ಚಿಡ್ '''हंतव्य''' -- worth killing, slaying, fit to be killed -- ಕೊಲ್ವಕ್ ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾನದ್ '''हताश''' -- despondent, hopeless, downhearted -- ನಿರಾಸೆ '''हताहत''' -- casualities, killed and wounded -- ಕೊಲೆಗಾರಿಕೆ, ಚತ್ತಿತೂ ಗಾಯ ಆಯಿತೂ '''हतोत्साह''' -- demoralised, disheartened -- ನಡತೆ ಕೆಡ್‌ತ್‌ವೊ '''हत्थमहत्था''' -- hand to hand fight -- ಕೈ ಕೈ ಜಗಳ '''हत्थी''' -- a handle, palm -- ಅಂಗೈ, ಪುಡಿ '''हत्या''' -- murder, assassination, kill -- ಕೊಲ್ಲ್‌ವೊ '''हत्या''' -- a handle, hand, murder -- ಕೊಲ್ಲ್‌ವೊ '''हत्यारा''' -- a murderer, an assassin, a killer -- ಕೊಲ್ಲ್‌ವವನ್, ಕೊಲೆಗಾರ '''हथसार''' -- a stable for elephants -- ಆನೆರ ಲಾಯ '''हथियाना''' -- to usurp, to grab, to seize -- ಕೈಪುಡ್‌ತಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ತ್ತವೊ, ಬಲ್‌ಚವ '''हथियार''' -- a weapon, arms -- ಹತ್ಯಾರ್ '''हथौड़ा''' -- a hammer, mallet -- ಮುಟ್ಯ '''हद''' -- limit, boundary, extent -- ಹದ್ದ್ '''हनन''' -- killing, murder, assassination -- ಕೊಲ್ಲ್‌ವೊ '''हनना''' -- to kill, to slay, to murder -- ಕೊಲ್ಲ್‌ವಕ್ ಪೋಪ, ಕೊಲೆ ಮಾಡುವ '''हनु''' -- the chin, jaw bone, below the mouth -- ಕೊಕ್ಕ್ ತಾಡಿ, ತಾಡಿಕುಟ್ಟ್ '''हफ़ता''' -- a week, a period of seven successive days -- ವಾರ, ೭ ದಿನ '''हबीब''' -- dear, darling, beloved -- ಪ್ರೀತಿ ಪಾತ್ರ '''हम''' -- we, nominative of pl. of i -- ನಂಗ, ನಂಗೆಲ್ಲಾ '''हमल''' -- conception, pregnancy, conceive -- ಕುಳಿಯಮೆ '''हमला''' -- attack, assult, charge -- ಮೇಲೆ ಬೂವೊ '''हमेशा''' -- always, ever, eternally -- ಎಕ್ಕಲೂ '''हम्माम''' -- warm bath -- ಬಿಸಿ ನೀರ್ ಕುಳಿ '''हम्माल''' -- a porter, coolie, baggage carrier -- ಕೆಟ್ಟ್ ಪೊರ್‌ಪವನ್, ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ಪೋರಿ '''हया''' -- shame, sense of shame, modesty -- ಞಾಣ '''हयात''' -- life, vivacity, vigor -- ಜೀವನ, ಬಲವಾನದ್ '''हर''' -- each, every -- ಪ್ರತಿಒಂದ್, ಎಲ್ಲಾ '''हरकत''' -- movement, activity, mischief -- ಚೇಷ್ಟೆ, ಚಳವಳಿ '''हरकारा''' -- a courier, a messenger -- ಸುದ್ದಿಕೊಂಡ್ ಪೋಪವನ್ '''हरगिज''' -- ever, under any circumstances -- ಏದ್ ಕಾರಣಕ್ಕೂ '''हरण''' -- kidnapping, abduction, illegal carrying -- ಕಟ್ಟಂಡ್ ಪೋಪೊ '''हरबा''' -- tools, arms, weapons -- ಆಯುಧ '''हरसना''' -- to be happy, pleased, amused -- ಕುಸಿ ಪಡ್‌ವೊ '''हरा''' -- green, verdant, fresh -- ಪಚ್ಚೆ, ಬಾಡತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''हराना''' -- to defeat, to vanquish, overcome -- ಚೋಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ '''हराम''' -- unlawful, forbidden, improper -- ಅಯೋಗ್ಯ, ಸಭ್ಯತೆ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''हरामी''' -- utterly indolent, rascal, scoundrel -- ಪೊರ್ಕಿ, ಪೇರ್ತ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟವನ್ '''हरारत''' -- temperature, feverishness -- ಪನಿ '''हरावल''' -- vanguard, advance guard, van -- ಮಿಞ್ಞಲ್ ಪೋಪದ್, ವ್ಯಾನ್ '''हरिण''' -- a deer -- ಜಿಂಕೆ, ಮಿಗ '''हरित''' -- green, verdant, delighted -- ಪಚ್ಚೆ ಪುಡ್‌ಚದ್ '''हरिद्रा''' -- turmeric, curcuma -- ಮಂಜ '''हरियल''' -- greenish, unriped, immature -- ಪಚ್ಚೆ ಪುಡ್‌ಚದ್ '''हरियाना''' -- to turn green, to be full of verdure, to be delighted -- ಪಚ್ಚೆರಂಗ್ ಆಪ '''हरेक''' -- everyone, everybody -- ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು, ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಬ್ಬನು '''हर्जर्जा''' -- harm, loss, damage -- ನಷ್ಟ, ತೊಂದರೆ, ಕೇಡ್ '''हर्जाना''' -- damages, compensation, indemnity -- ಕೇಡಾನದ್, ಪರಿಹಾರ '''हर्ता''' -- kidnapper, abductor, usurper -- ಎಡ್‌ತಂಡ್ ಪೋಪ, ಕಳ್ಳ, ಅಪಹರಣಕಾರ '''हर्म्य''' -- a palace, residence, bunglow -- ಅರಮನೆ, ಬಂಗ್‌ಲೆ '''हर्ष''' -- joy, jubilation, mirth -- ಕುಸಿ, ಕುಸಿ ಪಡ್‌ವೊ '''हर्षातिरेक''' -- ecstasy, rapture, excessive joy -- ದುಂಬ ಕುಸಿ, ಕುಸಿಲ್ ಮುಳಿಪೋಪ '''हल''' -- plough, solution, remedy -- ಪರಿಹಾರ, ಉಪಾಯ, ನೇಂಗಿ '''हलक़''' -- the throat, windpipe -- ತೊಂಡೆ '''हलकान''' -- troubled, bothered, tired -- - ತೊಂದರೆಪಟ್ಟದ್, ಚೋತದ್ '''हलचल''' -- commotion, hustle, agitation -- ಗಲಾಟೆ, ದೊಂಬಿ '''हलराना''' -- to fondle, to caress, to dandle -- ಮುದ್ದಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಕುಸಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಮಕ್ಕಳ ತಬ್ಬಿಕಳಿಪ '''हलवाहा''' -- farmer, peasant, cultivator -- ಭೂಮಿ ಪಣಿಕಾರ, ರೈತ, ಕೃಷಿಕ '''हलाक''' -- slaughtered, slain, butcher -- ಕೊಲ್ಲ್‌ವೊ, ಸಂಹಾರ, ಕೊರಿ ಆಡಳ ಅರಪಂವ '''हलाल''' -- legitimate, hardearned, obtained -- ಧರ್ಮ ಸಮ್ಮತ, ನ್ಯಾಯಬದ್ಧವಾನ '''हलाहल''' -- deadly posion -- ಭಯಂಕರ ವಿಷ, ಹಾಲಾಹಲ '''हल्का''' -- light, cheap, costing very little -- ತೂವೆ , ಭಾರ ಇಲ್ಲತದ್ '''हल्दी''' -- turmeric, curcuma -- ಮಂಜ '''हल्फ़न''' -- oath, vow, pledge -- ಆಣೆ, ಭಾಷೆ '''हल्ला''' -- noise, uproar, tumult -- ಕೂತ್, ಗಲಾಟೆ, ಕೂತ್ ಪುಯ್ಯಲ್ '''हवन''' -- a fire sacrifice -- ಹೋಮ, ಹವನ '''हवस''' -- lust, passion, longing -- ಕಾಮ, ಮದ, ಅತ್ಯಾಸೆ '''हवा''' -- air, wind, breeze -- ಕಾತ್ '''हवाई''' -- aerial, false, imaginary -- ಕಾತ್‌ದುಂಬ್‌ನ ಜಾಗ '''हवाई अड्डा''' -- an aerodrome -- ಏರೋಪ್ಲೇನ್ ನಿಪ್ಪ ಜಾಗ '''हवाला''' -- reference, trust, custody -- ವಾರೀಸ್‌ದಾರ, ನಂಬಿಕೆ '''हवेली''' -- mansion, tower, palace -- ರಾಜಕುಟೀರ, ಅರಮನೆ '''हशमत''' -- glory and grandeur -- ಕೇಳಿ ಪಿಂಞ ಕೀರ್ತಿ '''हश्र''' -- consequence, result, ultimate end -- ಪರಿಣಾಮ, ಅಂತ್ಯ ತೀರ್ಮಾನ '''हंस''' -- a swan, goose, noble -- ಹಂಸ ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''हसद''' -- jealousy, malice, enmity -- ಪೊಟ್ಟೆ ಕಿಚ್ಚ್, ಶತ್ರುತನ '''हँसना''' -- to laugh, to deride, to ridicule -- ತೆಳಿಪೊ '''हँसमुख''' -- gay, cheerful, having a smiling face -- ತೆಳಿಮೂಡ್ '''हसरत''' -- wistfulness, longing -- ಬೋಂಡೂಂದಾಪ, ಚಪಲ '''हँसली''' -- collarbone, an ornament, around the neck -- ಬೋಳೆರ ಎಲ್ಂಬ್, ಮಾಲ್ '''हँसाई''' -- derision, ridicule, mockery -- ಐಲಾಟ '''हंसाना''' -- ½ÄþºÉÉ=xÉÖ, ½ÄþºªÉÉè±ÉÒ MÉxÉÖÇ, 8. `ö^õÉ MÉxÉÖÇ, `ö]õ¬Éè±ÉÒ MÉxÉÖÇ -- ತೆಳ್‌ಪ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ '''हंसिनी''' -- a female swan, goose -- ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ ಹಂಸ ಪಕ್ಷಿ '''हंसिया''' -- a sickle -- ಕೊಯಿ ಕತ್ತಿ (ಬೆಳೆರತ್ತರಿಸುವ ಕುಡುಗೋಲು) '''हँसी''' -- laughter, joke, derision -- ತೆಳಿ, ಐಲಾಟ '''हसीना''' -- beautiful, pretty, charming -- ಚಾಯಿವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಚಾಯಿಕಾಂಬದ್ '''हँसोड़''' -- jolly, humorous, jester -- ತಮಾಷಿಕಾರ '''हस्तक्षेप''' -- interference, obstruction, capturing -- ಮೂಕ್‌ಡ್‌ವೊ, ಅಡೆತಡೆ, ಪುಡ್‌ತ '''हस्ताक्षर''' -- signature, handwriting, a person's name -- ಸೈನ್, ಒಪ್ಪ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಕೈ ಎಳ್‌ತ್ '''हस्तांतरण''' -- transfer, changing place -- ಕೈಮಾತ್‌ವೊ '''हस्तामलक''' -- absolutely clear and reality -- ಖಡಾಖಂಡಿತ ಸರಿ, ಪಿಂಞ್ಞ ನೇರಾನದ್ '''हस्ती''' -- existence, being, worth -- ಬದ್‌ಕ್, ಯೋಗ್ಯ '''हाँ''' -- yes, yea -- ಅಕ್ಕು '''हाँका''' -- in hunting -- ಬೋಟೆ ಆಡ್‌ವೊ '''हाकिम''' -- ruler, boss, king -- ಆಳ್‌ವವನ್, ರಾಜ '''हाजत''' -- need, requirement, obligation -- ಬೋಂಡ್ಯಾನದ್ ಅಗತ್ಯತೆ '''हाजिम''' -- digestive -- ಕರ್‌ವದ್, ಅರಗಣೆ '''हाजिर''' -- present, ready, attendance -- ತಯಾರಾಪ, ಹಾಜರಾಪ '''हाजिरी''' -- presence, attendance, roll call -- ರಾಜಿರಾಯಿತ್ತಿಪ್ಪ, ತಯಾರಾಯಿತ್ತಿಪ್ಪ '''हाट''' -- bazar, market, mart -- ಚತ್ತೆ, ಪೇಟೆ '''हाटक''' -- gold, precious yellow metal -- ಪೊನ್ನ್ '''हाड़''' -- bone -- ಎಲ್ಂಬ್ '''हाँड़ना''' -- to roam about, to loiter -- ತಿರಿಕಳಿಪೊ, ಅಡ್ಡಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಕೆಲಸ ಇಲ್ಲತೆ ಸುತ್ತ್‌ವೊ '''हाँडी''' -- a small earthern pot -- ಮಣ್ಣ್‌ರ ಕುಡಕೆ '''हाथ''' -- hand, caligraphy, script -- ಕೈ '''हाथी''' -- an elephant, a jumbo -- ಆನೆ '''हादसा''' -- an accident, a mishap, mischance -- ಅಪಘಾತ '''हानि''' -- loss, damage, detriment -- ನಷ್ಟ '''हाँफना''' -- to pant, to breathe heavily -- ಬುಸ್ ಕುಟ್ಟ್‌ವೊ, ಚೋರ್ ಉಸ್‌ರೆಡ್‌ಪ '''हामिला''' -- pregnant woman -- ಕುಳಿಯಾಮೆಕಾರ್ತಿ '''हामी''' -- assent, acceptance, inclined to receive -- ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ, ಕೇಟವಕ್ ತಯಾರ್ '''हार''' -- defeat, loss, a garland -- ಚೋಪ, ನಷ್ಟ, ಪೂಮಾಲೆ '''हारना''' -- to be defeated, to lose, conquer -- ಚೋತ್ ಪೋಪೊ '''हार्दिक''' -- cordial, hearty, genial -- ಮನದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್, ಕುಸಿದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''हाल''' -- state, condition, account -- ಸ್ಥಿತಿ, ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿ '''हाला''' -- wine, liquor -- ಕಳ್ಳ್ '''हालाँकि''' -- though, although, not withstanding -- ಅಲ್ಲತೆ, ಅಲ್ಲತೆ ಪೋಚೇಂಗ್ಯೂ, ಆನಕಲೂ '''हाली''' -- current, contemporary, passing in time -- ಇಕ್ಕತ್ತ್‌ರ, ಇಕ್ಕಾಯಿತುಳ್ಳದ್ '''हाशिया''' -- margin, border, edge -- ಬಕ್ಕ್, ಒರ್‌ಬರಿ ಗೆರೆ '''हास''' -- laughing -- ತೆಳಿಪೊ '''हाँस''' -- craving, longing, deep aspiration -- ಬೋಡಿಯವ, ಆಸೆಪಡುವ '''हासिल''' -- acquired, obtained, secured -- ಕೈಕ್ ಎಡ್‌ತವೂ, ಕೆಟ್ಟ್‌ನದ್, ಪಡಂದಂಡದ್, ಜಕೀರ್ಯ '''हास्य''' -- humour, ridicule, mockery -- ತಮಾಷಿ, ತೆಳಿ ಕಳಿ '''हिक़ारत''' -- contempt, violation, decration -- ಭಂಗ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''हिचकना''' -- to hesitate, to hitch, to shrink -- ಹಿಂಜರಿಕೆ, ಚುರ್ಂಗಿ ಪೋನದ್, ಮಡ್‌ಚವ '''हिजड़ा''' -- eunuch, impotent, helpless -- ಆಣೂ ಅಲ್ಲ ಪೊಣ್ಣು ಅಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್ (ನಪುಂಸಕ) '''हिज्जे''' -- spelling, orthography -- ಬುಡ್‌ತಿತ್ ಎಳ್‌ದ್‌ವೊ, ಕೂಟ್ ಎಳ್‌ತ್ ಸರಿಯಾನ ಅಕ್ಷರ ಜೋಡಣೆ '''हिज्र''' -- separation, a gap -- ಬೋರೆ, ಅಂತರ, ಎಡೆ '''हिडोरा''' -- a swing, sway, oscillate -- ಉಯ್ಯಾಲೆ, ತೂಗಾಟ '''हित''' -- welfare, well being, interest -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ '''हिताकांक्षी''' -- well-wishing, well-wisher -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ ಬೈಂದವವನ್ '''हिताहित''' -- good and bad -- ನಲ್ಲದ್ ಪಿಂಞ ಕೆಟ್ಟದ್ '''हितेच्छा''' -- well-wishing -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ ಬೈಂದವ '''हिदसा''' -- digit, number -- ಅಂಕೆ '''हिदायत''' -- instruction, coaching, mandate -- ಸೂಚನೆ ಎಣ್ಣಿಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ, ಸಲಹೆ '''हिफ़ज''' -- memorised, committed to memory -- ಗ್ಯಾನ ಬೆಚ್ಚವದ್, ಬಾಯಿಪಾಠ ಮಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''हिफ़ाजत''' -- protection, security, safety -- ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''हिब्बा''' -- a gift, present, contribution -- ಕೊದಿ ಮೊದ, ಇನಾಂ '''हिम''' -- snow, ice, frost -- ಮಂಜ್‌ಗೆಡ್ಡೆ '''हिमाक़त''' -- stupidity, foolishness, idiocy -- ಮುಠಾಳತನ, ಜಡ್ಡತನ '''हिमांध''' -- snow blind, night blind, unable to see -- ಇರ್‌ಗಣ್ಣ್, ಬೈಟ್ ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಕಾಂಗತೆ ಇಪ್ಪೊ '''हिमाभ''' -- snowy, appearing like snow -- ಮಂಜ್‌ರ ಮಾದರಿ ಕಾಂಬದ್, ಬೊಳ್‌ತಿತೆ '''हिमायत''' -- support, buying, defence -- ಒತ್ತಾಸೆ '''हिम्मत''' -- courage, boldness, spirit -- ಧೈರ್ಯ '''हिम्मती''' -- courageous, boldness, valor -- ಧೈರ್ಯಶಾಲಿ '''हिय''' -- bosom, heart, breast -- ಎದೆ, ಮೊಲೆ '''हिरण''' -- a deer, an antelope -- ಜಿಂಕೆ, ಮಿಗ '''हिरण्य''' -- gold, precious metal -- ಪೊನ್ನ್, ಬೆಲೆವುಳ್ಳ ಲೋಹ '''हिरनौटा''' -- a young deer -- ಜಿಂಕೆ ಮರಿ, ಮಿಗಕುಟ್ಟಿ '''हिराना''' -- to be lost, to vanish, disappear -- ಕಾಂಗ ತಾಪೊ, ಮಾಯ ಆಪೊ '''हिरासत''' -- custody, watch, charge -- ಆದೀನ, ಕಾಪೊ '''हिर्स''' -- competition, completion, envy, greed -- ಪೊಟ್ಟೆ ಕಿಚ್ಚ್, ಪೈಪೋಟಿ, ದುರಾಸೆ '''हिलना''' -- to move, to shake, to swing -- ಅಲ್ಲಾಟ್‌ವೊ, ಜೂಕುವ '''हिल्लोल''' -- a surge, billow, wave like -- ಅಲ್ಲಾಡವಂತದ್,ಅಂಕ್ ಡೊಂಕ್,ನೀರ್‌ರ ಅಲೆ '''हिंसक''' -- violent, ferocious, fierce -- ಭಯಂಕರ, ಕ್ರೂರ, ಉಗ್ರ '''हिंसा''' -- violence, power, fury -- ಹಿಂಸೆ '''हिसाब''' -- account, calculation, manner -- ಕಣಕ್, ಲೆಕ್ಕ '''हिस्सा''' -- part, portion, shave -- ಭಾಗ, ಓದಿ '''हिस्सेदार''' -- a co-sharer, partner, shareholder -- ಕೂಟ್‌ಕಾರ, ಪಾಲ್‌ದಾರ '''ही''' -- only, solly, one -- ಒಂದ್, ಒಂದೇ '''ही ही''' -- grinning, sound of laughter -- ತೆಳಿರ ಒರ್ ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ ಸದ್ದ್, ಪಲ್ಲ್‌ಳಿಪ '''हीन''' -- inferior, worthless, deficient -- ಹೀನ, ಕೇಳ್ '''हीनहयात''' -- lifetime, the term of life -- ಜೀವನ ಪೂರ್ತಿ, ಜೀವಿತ ಕಾಲ, ಬಾಳ್‌ಡೀ '''हीनांग''' -- cripple, crippled, maim -- ಅಂಗಹೀನ, ಚೊಟ್ಟ '''हीर''' -- pitch, essence, quintessental -- ಶುದ್ಧಮಾಡ್‌ನ ತಾರ್, ರಸ, ಸುಗಂಧದ್ರವ್ಯ '''हीरक''' -- a diamond, pure, a piece of stone -- ವಜ್ರ '''हीला''' -- evasian, pretext, pretence -- ತಪ್ಪ್ ಚಿಟ್ಟುವ, ನೆವನ '''हीलेबाज''' -- pretending, a pretender, fake -- ನಟನೆಕಾರ, ಮಾಯಕಳಿಕಾರ '''हुँ''' -- denoting assent, yes -- ಅಕ್ಕು '''हुकम''' -- order, command, ukase -- ಅಪ್ಪಣೆ, ಅಧಿಕಾರ '''हुकम चलाना''' -- to issue an order, to order about, to rule -- ಅಪ್ಪಣೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಅಧಿಕಾರ ಕಾಟ್‌ವೊ '''हुंकार''' -- roaring, bellowing, cry -- ಬುಸ್‌ಗುಟ್ಟ್‌ವೊ, ಗರ್ಜನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''हुँकारी''' -- to show assent by uttering -- ಹೂಂಕಾರ, ಹ್ಂ ಎಣ್ಣಿತ್ ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪ '''हुकूमत''' -- government, rule, juridiction -- ಅಧಿಕಾರವುಳ್ಳದ್, ಸರ್ಕಾರ, ಕಾನೂನ್ '''हुक्का बन्द''' -- to freeze out, to completely boycott -- ಪೊರಂಬಡಿ ಬೆಪ್ಪೊ '''हुजूम''' -- a crowd, multitude, swarm -- ಗುಂಪ್, ಗುಡ್ಡ್ಡೆ '''हुजूर''' -- your honour, your majesty, your lordship -- ಸ್ವಾಮಿ, ಯಜಮಾನ, ದೇವ್ರು '''हुज्जत''' -- altercation, wrangling, pugnacity -- ಜಗಳ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಲಟಾಪಟಿ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ '''हुड़क''' -- pining -- ಕುತ್ತ್‌ವೊ '''हुड़कना''' -- to pine, to fret, to feel -- ಅನುಭವ್‌ಚಿಡ್‌ವೊ, ಕೊರಗ್‌ವೊ,ನೊಂಬಲ್‌ಚಿಡ್ ವ '''हुड़दंग''' -- uproar, tumult, commotion -- ಗಾಬರಿ, ಗದ್ದಲ, ಜೋರ್‌ಲ್ ಸದ್ದ್ '''हुँड़ार''' -- a wolf -- ತೋಳ '''हुत''' -- sacrifice, thrown in to fire, forgo -- ತ್ಯಾಗ, ಬುಟ್ಟಾಕ್, ತಿತ್ತ್‌ಕ್ ಚಾಡ್‌ನದ್ '''हुनर''' -- skill, art, craft -- ಕೈಚಳಕ, ಕಲೆ, ಕೈಕೆಲಸ '''हुर''' -- a fairy, beauty, very beautiful woman -- ಚಾಯಿಕಾರ್ತಿ ಪೊಣ್ಣ್ '''हुलासा''' -- aspiration, joy, hilarity -- ಹೊಗಳಿಕೆ, ಸಂತೋಷ, ಬಲ್ಯ ಆಸೆ '''हुलिया''' -- physical features, discription, nature -- ಶರೀರ, ಪ್ರಕೃತಿ '''हुश्मत''' -- an honour, dignity, nobility -- ಮರ್‍ಯಾದೆ, ನಲ್ಲೆರಿಗೆ '''हुसना''' -- to curse, imprecation, fulmination, oath -- ಶಾಪ ಕೊಡ್‌ಪೊ, ಪ್ರಣಾಣ '''हुस्न''' -- beauty, prettiness, love of beauty -- ಚಾಯಿ, ಚಾಯಿನ ಕೊದಿಪೊ '''हूँ''' -- yes -- ಅಕ್ಕು '''हूदयेश''' -- lit, the lord of one's heart, dear one -- ಮನದುಂಬ್‌ನವೊ '''हूस''' -- rustic, rude, uncivil -- ಒರಟ್, ನಾಡ್‌ಕಾರ '''हृकंप''' -- palpitation, violent, rapid -- ಜೋರಾಯಿತ ಗಿಡ್‌ಪೊ, ಎದೆಪಾರುವ ಚುರ್‌ಕ್‌ಲ್ '''हृत''' -- taken away, stolen, pilfered -- ಎಡ್‌ತ ಪೋಪ, ಕದ್ದ ಪೋಪ '''हृदयंगम''' -- mentally assimilited, token to heart -- ಮನದುಂಬ್‌ನ, ಎದೆದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''हृदयंगम''' -- heart, core, best part -- ಎದೆ, ನೆಂಞೆ '''हृदयोन्मादिनी''' -- causing erotomania, captivating the heart -- ಕಾಮಕೊತ್ತದ್, ಮನಸ್ ಗೆದ್ದಂವ '''हृदरोग''' -- heart disease -- ಎದೆರ ಕಾಯಿಲೆ '''हृष्ट''' -- glad, delighted, pleased -- ಕುಸಿ, ಕುಸಿದುಂಬ್‌ನದ್ '''हेकड़ी''' -- hubris, arrogance, stubborness -- ಹಟತ್ವ, ಮದಏರ್‌ನ, ಅಹಂಕಾರ '''हेच''' -- worthless, trifling, good for nothing -- ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತದ್, ಏದ್ಂಗೂ ಬೋಂಡತದ್ '''हेठा''' -- inferior, low, mean, cheap -- ಕೀಳ್‌ತರತ್ತ್‌ರ '''हेठी''' -- humiliation, insult, indignity -- ನಿಂದನೆ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಮಾನಕೇಡ್ '''हेतु''' -- reason, cause, motive -- ಕಾರಣ '''हेरना''' -- to search, to see, inspect -- ತೇಡಿಕಳಿಪೊ, ನೋಟುವ '''हेरफेर''' -- interchange, change, rotation -- ಅದ್‌ಲ್ ಬದ್‌ಲ್, ಮಾತ್‌ವೊ '''हेराफेरी''' -- manipulation, unscrupulous activity -- ಇಲ್ಲತ್ತಾನ ಉಂಟ್ ಮಾಡ್‌ವೊ, ಬುದ್ಧಿಗೆಟ್ಟ '''हेलमेल''' -- intimacy, close relationship, familiarity -- ಪಕ್ಕತ್ತ್‌ರ ಬೆಂದೂರ್ತ (ಆತ್ಮೀಯವಾನದ್) ಆತ್ಮೀಯತೆ '''हैजा''' -- cholera -- ಅಂಟ್ ರೋಗ, ವಾಂತಿ ಬೇದಿ, ಕಾರಟ ತೂರಟ '''हैट''' -- a hat -- ತೊಪ್ಪಿಯ, ಹ್ಯಾಟ್ '''हैरत''' -- amazement, astonishment, surprise -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ, ಬೆರಗ್ '''हैरान''' -- tired, wearied, confounded -- ಆಯಾಸ, ಬೇರ, ಗಾಬರಿ ಪಡ್‌ತ್‌ವೊ '''हैरानी''' -- surprise, amazement, botheration -- ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ ಪಡ್‌ತ್‌ವ, ತೊಂದರೆ '''हैसियत''' -- statue, capacity, condition -- ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆ, ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ '''होड़''' -- competition, race, bet, gamble -- ಪಂಥ, ಒಟ, ಪೈಪೋಟಿ '''होतव्य''' -- destined to happen, the inevitable, pre destined -- ನಡಪ್ಪಂನ್ನತದ್, ಆಪಂನ್ನತದ್, ಬಿದಿಚದ್ '''होनहार''' -- promising, encouraging, favourable -- ನಲ್ಲಾಮೆ ಉಳ್ಳ, ಅನಕೂಲ ಆಪದ್ '''होना''' -- to be, to occur, to happen -- ಆಪನ್ನತದ್ '''होम''' -- sacrifice, an oblation fire, forgo -- ಹೋಮ, ತ್ಯಾಗ, ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ, ಬಲಿ '''होला''' -- green gram -- ಹೆಸರ್‌ಕಾಳ್ '''होश''' -- sense, consciousness, wisdom -- ಸ್ವಯ, ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತಿಗೆ '''होशियार''' -- a clever, wise, intelligent -- ಬುದ್ಧಿಕಾರ '''हौदी''' -- a small tank, reservoir, sink -- ಚೆರಿಯ ನೀರ್‌ದುಂಬ್‌ನ ಜಾಗ, ನೀರ್‌ಕುಂಡ್, ಟ್ಯಾಂಕ್ '''हौल''' -- fear, dread, a hall -- ಪೋಡಿ '''हौले-हौले''' -- slowly, gently, quitely -- ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ ಮೆಲ್ಲೆ, ನಿದಾನವಾಯಿತ್ '''हौसला''' -- courage, morale, emotional -- ಧೈರ್ಯ, ನೀತಿ '''ह्रास''' -- decay, fall, downfall -- ಕೀಳ್‌ಮಟ್ಟ, ಕ್ ದಕ್ ಬಪ್ಪ, ಕೀಂಜೆಪೋಪ '''ह्वाल''' -- conditions, news, message -- ಕರಾರ್, ಸುದ್ದಿ, ಸಮಾಚಾರ == स्रोत == *[https://bharatavani.in//home/dictionarysurf/?did=102&language=Hindi Hindi-English-Kodava Trilingual Dictionary ] qlwlq1v5tqtkd3j2bl4kjfrdw40h0ap