Ayiti

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    <title>Ayiti</title>
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      <text bytes="50070" sha1="hbmhw19m3xldfmcucl05qa6v6oygxcu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Peyi
|non_lokal=Repiblik Ayiti&lt;br /&gt;(République d'Haïti)
|non_kreyòl=Ayiti
|deviz_nasyonal=Liberté, égalité, fraternité
|deviz_nasyonal_kreyòl=Libètè, Ègalitè, Fratènitè.
|im_nasyonal=[[Ladesalinyèn]]
|lang=[[Kreyòl ayisyen|krèyòl]], [[Lang franse|fransè]]
|jantile=ayisyen
|drapo_imaj=Flag of Haiti.svg
|anblèm_imaj=Coat of arms of Haiti.svg
|fizo_orè=-5
|endepandans_dat=1804
|endepandans_tip=[[Lwa Endèpandans nan Rèpiblik Dayiti]]
|endepandans_de=[[Frans]]
|kapital=[[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]]
|pi_gwo_vil=[[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]]
|Kòb/lajan_non=Goud
|Kòb/lajan_kòd=HTG
|Lajan_divizyon=100 santim/kòb
|PIB_dat=2002
|PIB_total=10 600 000
|PIB_total_ran=
|PIB_pa_abitan=1 400
|PIB_pa_abitan_ran=
|gouvènman_dat=
|gouvènman_tip=rèpiblik
|chèf_tit=[[lis prezidan {{PAGENAME}}|Prezidan]]
|chèf_non=[[Jovenel Moïse]] (mouri)
|sipèfisi_dat=2005
|sipèfisi_ran=143
|sipèfisi_total=27 750
|dlo_pousantaj=0,70
|frontyè_tè=360
|frontyè_kòt=1 771
|pli_wo_kote=2 680
|pli_wo=[[Lasèl (mòn)|masif Lasèl]]
|pli_ba_kote=0
|pli_ba=
|popilasyon_dat=2004
|popilasyon_ran=92
|popilasyon_tip=estimasyon
|popilasyon_total=8 157 658
|popilasyon_dansite=293,99
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|popilasyon_alfabèt_dat=
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|popilasyon_an_vil=
|popilasyon_an_vil_dat=
|liberasyon_dat=1804
|liberasyon_tip=Ofisyèl
|liberasyon_anba men=fransè
|kòd=
|ISO_kòd=332 - HT - HT
|endikatif_entènet=ht
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|EDI_dat=2004
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|kat_anplasman=LocationHaiti.svg
|kat_politik=Haiti map.png
|kat_jewografi=
|kat_satelit=
|divizyon_tip=[[Lis depatman Ayiti|depatman]]
|divizyon_non=[[Latibonit (depatman)|Latibonit]], [[Sant]], [[Grandans]], [[Nò]], [[Nòdès]], [[Nòdwès]], [[Lwès]], [[Sid]], [[Sidès]], [[Nip]]
|vwazen=[[Jamayik]], [[Kiba]], [[Dominikani]]
|òganizasyon=[[ONI]], [[OEA]], [[CARICOM]]
|nòt=}}

'''Ayiti''', rele tou '''Repiblik Ayiti'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00000626/00001/5j Konstitisyon Repiblik Ayiti 1987]&lt;/ref&gt; (an [[Lang franse|fransè]] ''République d'Haïti''), se youn nan peyi nan [[Gran Zantiy]] ki okipe tyè lwès sou zile Ayiti oswa [[Kiskeya]] nan lang premye abitan yo. Kapital Ayiti se [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] (an fransè : ''Port-au-Prince'').

Se gras ak leve kanpe esklav [[Sendomeng]] yo Repiblik Dayiti rive kale nan lane 1804. Se premye peyi nwa ki rache libète li poukont li anba men lame fransèz. Popilasyon premye leta ki sòti anba chenn lesklavaj epòk kolonyalis ak rasis la gen plis nwa pase blan. Se Ayisyen nwa lwès yo ki te ede Ayisyen milat lè yo kwape moun otorite panyòl yo pou yo jwi endepandans kont [[Espay]]. Pandan 5 lane tou de pati yo te fè youn, yo te gen menm prezidan [[Jean-Pierre Boyer]]. Men menm Jan sou konplisite politik jeneral Ferrand ak yon ti ponyen fransè te fè Espay okipe pati Lès la. Se konsa Lafrans redivize li ankò ak zafè dèt pou lendepandans lan ki merite jistis ak reparasyon.

[[Ayiti]] se yon repiblik ki kòmanse fè eksperyans ak demokrasi depi lane 1987. Peyi Dayiti konnen yon diktati sòti nan lane 1957 jiska 1986 sou rèy [[François Duvalier]] ak [[Jean-Claude Duvalier]]&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/francois-duvalier/|title=François Duvalier|author=Universalis‎ Encyclopædia|access-date=6 septanm 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Aprè mouvman sosyal ki rive pran nan tout peyi a, [[Jean-Claude Duvalier]] te pran egzil nan dat ki te 7 fevriye 1986 la. Aprè depa Prezidan Jean-Claude Duvalier, Repiblik Dayiti rive genyen yon lòt konstitisyon nan dat 29 mas 1987.&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}} {{Cite news|url=http://www.lenational.org/constitution-29-mars-1987-realite-politique-haitienne/|title=La Constitution du 29 mars 1987 dans la réalité politique haïtienne|date=2018-04-03|newspaper=Quotidien Le National|access-date=6 septanm 2018|archive-date=2018-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907164642/http://www.lenational.org/constitution-29-mars-1987-realite-politique-haitienne/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Depi kèk tan Ayiti se peyi ki ap eseye òganize tèt li ak rekonstwi li sitou aprè gwo tranblemanntè 12 janvye 2010 la kite ravaje li kote plis pase 300 000&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/Monde/Haiti-bilan-du-seisme-_NG_-2010-03-30-549215|title=Haïti : bilan du séisme|last=La-Croix.com|date=30 mas 2010|access-date=6 septanm 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; moun mouri. [[Tranblemanntè 12 janvye 2010 nan peyi Ayiti|Goudougoudou]] sa a te kraze yon pati nan peyi a.

Ayiti se yon zile ki gen yon listwa patikilye epi li genyen anpil bèl sit touristik ak anpil bèl plaj parapò ak kèk lòt peyi nan rejyon [[Karayib]] la. Ayiti te pami peyi ki gen destinasyon touristik nan Karayib la nan lane 1950, 1960, epi 1970.&lt;ref&gt;{{fr}} {{Cite journal|author1=Bruno Sarrasin|author2=Luc Renaud|date=22 jiyè 2014|title=Quel tourisme pour Haïti : de la résilience à l’émergence d’une nouvelle destination ?|url=https://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/6777|journal=Études caribéennes|issue=27-28|doi=10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6777|issn=1779-0980}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Istwa ==
{{AP|Istwa Ayiti}}

[[Arawak]] yo se te premye abitan natirèl zile [[Sendomeng]]. [[Ispayola|Ahatti Qisqeyànoh boiho]] konsa Tayino yo te rele li anvan [[kolon]] yo. Kolon [[panyòl]] yo te debake pou pran posesyon zile a yo te batize, oswa rele li, [[Ispanyola]] (ki vle di {{gimè|ti Espay}}). Sa fè kenz (15) syèk, Ayiti te gen anviwon twa san mil moun.

Lè Panyòl yo te rive Ayiti, yo te fè Arawak yo travay pou yo sou plantasyon. Plant ki te pi enpòtan sou plantasyon sa yo se te [[kann]]. Byen vit, Panyòl yo nan fòse yo travay tout Awarak mawon anpil nan yo al Amerik sou zòn nò an 1500 Ciboney yo kite nan sid Ayiti yon branch fanmi arawak yo te disparèt net Karayib yo te kenbe tèt ak Panyòl yo yo te arete kèk tankou [[Kawonabo]], rèn [[Anakawona]]. Lè sa yo te ranplase Arawak yo avèk [[moun nwa]] ki te sòti [[Afrik]] kolon yo vini mete yo travay nan plantasyon kann yo tankou esklav.

Nan lane [[1697]], [[trete Ryswik|trete wyswik]] la te divize Ispanyola ant [[Frans]] ak [[Espay]] aprè sou yon lòt trete Espay vann Lafrans tout zile a ki pote non [[trete de Bal]]. Franse yo vin rele zile a [[Sen Domeng]].

Nan lane 1791, esklav yo avèk [[Toussaint Louverture]] kòm chèf yo, revòlte kont blan [[franse]] pou yo te ka gen menm dwa kon tout moun. Se sa revolisyon 1789 la te di. Men blan yo pat dakò, yo trayi Toussaint, yo arete Toussaint, yo mete li nan bato, yo voye Toussaint an Frans pou yo te anprizone li nan fò de jou nan lane 1802. Toussaint Louverture ki te konnen kisa [[Janjak Desalin]] (Jean Jacques Dessalines) peze, te pwononse pawòl sa avan li te monte bato pou ale nan prizon : &quot;Nou rache pyebwa libète a, men li ap pouse ankò paske rasin yo anpil e yo djanm y ap repouse li pi rèd&quot; li di sa paske li te kite yon potorik gason dèyè, nèg sa rele Janjak Desalin, yon towo ki pap janm abandone, ki pap janm bese bra devan pyès kolon. Toussaint mouri 7 avril 1803 nan prizon nan [[Frans]].

Men, [[1e janvye]] [[1804]] esklav [[Sen Domeng]] yo te finalman sou zòd Jeneral an chèf lame endijèn nan Janjak Desalin ansanm ak tout lòt manm lame endijèn nan, deklare e prezante bay linivè tout antye endepandans Ayiti. Pou rèv sa te rive konkretize, se te viktwa an viktwa lame endijèn nan t ap mache fè sou kolon franse yo, lame endijèn nan kòmanse ap viktorye depi nan pil ak pakèt batay li te ap fè kont kolon franse depi avan kreyasyon drapo nou 18 me 1803 nan komin Akayè, pase pa Crète à Pierrot, batay baryè boutèy, batay Ravin a koulèv, Vètyè, rive jouk dènye batay nan Mòl Sen Nikola jou ki te 5 desanm 1803, pèp ayisyen te bat twoup [[franse]] yo e fè ti rès kolon franse ki te rete yo kouri kite zile AYITI ya. Yo reprann ansyen non pèp ki tap viv anvan sou zile an &quot;Ayiti Janjak Desalin te nome gouvènè pou lavi. Pou Janjak Desalin te prezève endepandans AYITI a, li te fè touye tout blan franse ki t ap konplote kont revolisyon ak endepandans AYITI. Desalin te deklare: tout pèp sou tè ya, li te mèt wouj, jòn, blan, depi li kase chèn lesklavaj, li kouri, li tonbe sou tè AYITI, li lib. Desalin te achte tèt plis pase san mil (100.000) nèg ki te esklav k ap travay nan sid peyi Etazini, li te peye pou yo lib. Desalin te prepare bato ak solda pou te ale libere nèg nan peyi [[Gwadloup]], [[Matinik]], [[Jamayik]], elatriye.

Nan tan [[Arawak]] yo, zile a te rele Kiskeya kite siyifye nan lang pa yo {{gimè|tè montay}}.

=== Eta Ayiti, Wayòm Ayiti ak Repiblik la (1806-1820) ===
Sen Domeng te divize ant Wayòm nan Ayiti nan nò a, ki dirije pa Anri Kristòf, ki te deklare tèt li Anri 1, ak yon repiblik nan sid la, ki dirije pa Alexandre Pétion. Anri Kristòf te etabli yon sistèm koray semi-feyodal, avèk yon edikasyon rijid ak kòd ekonomik.

Prezidan Pétion te bay militè ak finansye asistans pou revolisyonè lidè Simón Bolívar, ki te kritik pou pèmèt li libere Vizwayote de Nouvel-Grenad. Li te enstrimantal nan peyi aiding nan Amerik di Sid reyalize endepandans nan peyi Espay.

=== Inifikasyon ayisyen (1821-1844) ===
[[Fichye:President Jean-Pierre Boyer of Haiti (Hispaniola Unification Regime) Portrait.jpg|thumb|[[Jean-Pierre Boyer]] chèf mulatto nan Ayiti]]
Kòmanse nan 1821, Prezidan [[Jean-Pierre Boyer]], tou yon moun ''de couleur'' ak siksesè Pétion, reyini zile a ak pwolonje kontwòl sou pòsyon nan tout lwès nan zile a.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web 
|author=Sagás, Ernesto 
|title=An apparent contradiction? Popular perceptions of Haiti and the foreign policy of the Dominican Republic 
|publisher=Sixth Annual Conference of the Haitian Studies Association 
|date=14 oktòb 1994 
|url=http://haitiforever.com/windowsonhaiti/esagas2.shtml 
|access-date=19 out 2007 
|archive-date=2007-09-29 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929072156/http://haitiforever.com/windowsonhaiti/esagas2.shtml 
|dead-url=yes 
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anplis de sa, aprè Santo Domingo te mande konkou Boyer pou te chase anvayisè espanyòl yo nan Santo Domingo nan jou ki te 30 novanm 1821, Boyer te voye fòs pou pran kontwòl pati ès-la e kwape anvayisè panyòl yo. Boyer te dirije tout zile a avèk règ fè, k ap fini esklavaj nan Santo Domingo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/168728/Dominican-Republic/129491/History 
|title=Dominican Republic – History 
|website=Britannica.com 
|access-date=24 jiyè 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aprè Santo Domingo reyalize youn [[ Trete federal Repiblik ayiti a 20 fevriye 1929 pou desantralizasyon sou zile ayiti a |trete federal]] sou okipasyon ameriken an dat ki te 20 fevriye 1929 la kreye dé eta ann Ayiti, avèk evolisyon tan AK konjonkti politik ayisyen an pati eès-la rive tabli youn idantite nasyonal separe.

Difikilte pou fè reviv ekonomi agrikòl la pou pwodui rekòt komodite yo, Boyer te pase Kòd Riral la, ki te refize travayè peyizan yo pou yo kite peyi a, antre nan tout ti bouk yo, oswa kòmanse fèm oswa boutik pwòp yo. Apre Revolisyon an, anpil peyizan te vle fè pwòp fèm yo olye ke travay sou plantasyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/76479/Jean-Pierre-Boyer?anchor=ref126082 
|title=Jean-Pierre Boyer (President of Haiti) 
|website=Britannica.com 
|access-date=24 jiyè 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web 
|url=http://www.webster.edu/%7Ecorbetre/haiti/history/earlyhaiti/boyer.htm 
|title=1820 – 1843: The rule of Jean-Pierre Boyer 
|author=Corbett, Bob 
|publisher=Webster University 
|date=jiyè 1995 |access-date=24 jiyè 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221124022/http://www2.webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti/history/earlyhaiti/boyer.htm |archivedate=21 desanm 2013 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sosyete Kolonizasyon Amerikèn (ACS) ankouraje free negro (nwa lib) nan Etazini pou emigre an Ayiti. Kòmanse nan mwa septanm 1824, plis pase 6 000 Afriken Ameriken te imigre an Ayiti, ak transpò peye pa ACS la.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti-archive/msg00868.html |title=Haiti And Its Diaspora: New Historical, Cultural And Economic Frontiers, reprint from ''US Gazette'' Philadelphia, 1824 |author=Firire, Girard Alphonse |website=Webster.edu |date=27 out 1999|accessdate=24 jiyè 2013  |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910113052/http://www2.webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti-archive/msg00868.html |archivedate=10 septanm 2013 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt; Anpil te jwenn kondisyon yo twò difisil e li te retounen Ozetazini.

An jiyè 1825, wa Charles X nan Lafrans, pandan yon peryòd de restorasyon nan monachi a, voye yon flòt rekipere zile a. Anba presyon, Prezidan Boyer te dakò ak yon trete pa ki Lafrans fòmèlman rekonèt endepandans peyi a nan echanj pou yon peman 150 milyon fran. Pa yon lòd nan 17 avril 1825, wa peyi Lafrans te renonse dwa li souverènte sou Santo Domingo, ak rekonèt endepandans Ayiti.&lt;ref name=&quot;FrenchEmbassy&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|title=La première ambassade française en Haïti
|url=https://ht.ambafrance.org/La-premiere-ambassade-francaise-en-Haiti
|website=Ambassade de France à Port-au-Prince
|publisher=Gouvernement de France
|access-date=27 oktòb 2017|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;M. Degros, Création des postes diplomatiques et consulaires, Revue d’histoire diplomatique, 1986; nan franse&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;J-F. Brière, Haïti et la France, 1804–1848 : le rêve brisé, Paris, Karthala 2008; nan franse&lt;/ref&gt;

Menm si kantite lajan nan reparasyon yo te redwi a 90 milyon dola nan 1838, Ayiti pa t  kapab fini peye dèt li jiskaske 1947. Prezidan ayisyen an ta gen ti chwa kòm peyi a, enkonsyaman l, yo ta bloke pa bato franse si echanj la pa t 'ale wout la franse.

Aprè li te pèdi sipò elit Ayiti a, Boyer te ranvèse an 1843. Yon siksesyon long nan koudeta te swiv depa li nan ekzil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web
|url=http://canadahaitiaction.ca/sites/default/files/Haiti,%20France%20and%20the%20Independence%20Debt%20of%201825_0.pdf 
|title=Haiti, France and the Independence Debt of 1825 
|last=Phillips |first=Anthony |date=2008 
|website=Canada Haiti Action Network 
|publisher=Réseau de solidarité Canada-Haiti 
|archive-url=https://archive.is/20170225172654/http://canadahaitiaction.ca/sites/default/files/Haiti,%20France%20and%20the%20Independence%20Debt%20of%201825_0.pdf |archive-date=25 fevriye 2017 |dead-url=no |access-date=25 fevriye 2017 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Peman pou aplike pou Lafrans redwi ekonomi Ayiti a pou ane. Lwès nasyon pa t 'bay rekonesans diplomatik Ayiti. Tou de nan pwoblèm sa yo kenbe ekonomi ayisyen an ak sosyete izole. Ekonomi an fayit ak ame opoze gwoup yo.&lt;ref name = &quot;UOH&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The uses of Haiti |author1=Farmer, Paul |author2=Kozol, Jonathan |page=74 |edition=3 |publisher=Common Courage Press |year=2006 |isbn=1-56751-344-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pèt pòsyon panyòl la nan zile a ===
Charles Rivière-Hérard ranplase Boyer kòm prezidan Ayiti. Fòs nasyonalis ki te dirije pa Juan Pablo Duarte mete men sou kontwòl Santo Domingo sou 27 fevriye 1844. Fòs ayisyen ki pa pwofesyonèl ak endisipline sou bò solèy leve a, prepare pou yon soulèvman enpòtan, kapitile rebèl yo. Nan mwa mas, Rivière-Hérard te eseye re-posede otorite li, men Dominiken yo te bay opozisyon solid ak enflije pèt lou sou Ayisyen yo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bethell&quot; /&gt; Yon ti tan apre Rivière-Hérard janbe lòt bò fwontyè a, toumant domestik yo te eksploze ankò. Rivière-Hérard te retire nan biwo pa yerachi milat la ak ranplase ak laj nwa Philippe Guerrier jeneral la, ki te sipoze prezidans la sou 3 me 1844.

Philippe Guerrier te mouri nan mwa avril 1845, e li te reyisi pa Jeneral Jean-Louis Pierrot. Pifò peze Pierrot a kòm prezidan nan nouvo se te tcheke envazyon yo nan Dominiken yo, ki te anmède twoup yo ayisyen nan fontyè yo. Kanaval Dominiken yo te fè tou depredasyon sou kòt peyi Ayiti yo. Prezidan Pierrot te deside louvri yon kanpay kont Dominiken yo, ki moun li konsidere kòm senpleman kòm ensije. Ofansif ayisyen an nan 1845 te sispann sou fwontyè a.

Sou 1e janvye 1846 Pierrot te anonse yon kanpay fre pou mete men sou Dominiken yo, men ofisye l yo ak mesye yo te akeyi konklizyon sa yo ak mepri. Se konsa, yon mwa pita - fevriye 1846 - lè Pierrot te bay lòd twoup li yo nan mas kont Repiblik Dominikèn lan, lame ayisyen an te ankouraje, ak sòlda li yo pwoklame ranvèse li kòm prezidan repiblik la. Lagè kont Dominiken yo te vin trè popilè an Ayiti. Li te pi lwen pase pouvwa a nan nouvo prezidan an, Jeneral Jean-Baptiste Riché, nan etap yon lòt envazyon.

=== Dezyèm Anpi (1849-1859) ===
Sou 27 fevriye 1846, Prezidan Riché te mouri apre sèlman kèk jou nan pouvwa epi yo te ranplase pa yon ofisye fènwa, Jeneral Faustin Soulouque. Pandan de premye ane administrasyon Soulouque yo, konplo ak opozisyon li te rankontre nan kenbe pouvwa yo te konsa anpil ke Dominiken yo te bay yon espas pou l respire nan ki kontinye re-òganizasyon nan peyi yo. Men, lè 1848 Lafrans finalman rekonèt Repiblik Dominikèn an kòm yon eta gratis ak endepandan epi pwovizwa te siyen yon trete nan lapè, amitye, komès ak Navigasyon, Ayiti imedyatman pwoteste, reklame trete a te yon atak sou pwòp sekirite yo. Soulouque te deside anvayi bò solèy leve anvan Gouvènman franse te kapab ratifye trete a.

Sou 21 mas 1849, sòlda ayisyen atake ganizon Dominiken an nan Las Matas. Defansè yo demoralize ofri prèske pa gen okenn rezistans anvan abandone zam yo. Soulouque bourade sou, kaptire San Juan. Sa a kite sèlman Azua vil la kòm rete nan gwo fò Dominikèn ant lame ayisyen an ak kapital la. Sou 6 avril, Azua te tonbe nan 18 000 Ayisyen ak yon 5 000 moun dominiken Dominiken echwe. Wout Santo Domingo te klè. Men nouvèl la nan mekontantman ki egziste nan Pòtoprens, ki te rive nan Soulouque, te arete pwogrè li plis epi li te fè li retounen avèk lame a nan kapital li.

Remonte pa retrè a toudenkou nan lame ayisyen an, Dominiken yo te rekòmanse depredasyon yo. Flotilla yo te ale domaje Dame-Marie, kote yo te piye e yo te mete dife. Soulouque, kounye a tèt-pwoklame kòm Anperè Faustin mwen, deside kòmanse yon kanpay nouvo kont yo. An 1855, li anvayi teritwa Repiblik Dominikèn lan. Men, akòz preparasyon ensifizan, lame a te byento nan vle nan viktwa ak minisyon. Nan malgre nan kouraj nan sòlda yo, Anperè a te gen yon fwa plis bay moute lide nan restore inite nan gouvènman an nan zile a. Apre kanpay sa a, Grann Bretay ak Lafrans te entèfere epi li te jwenn yon zam sou non Dominiken yo.

Sijè yo te andire pa sòlda yo pandan kanpay 1855 la, pèt ak sakrifis yo te enflije sou peyi a san konpansasyon oswa rezilta pratik te pwovoke gwo mekontantman. Nan 1858, yon revolisyon te kòmanse, ki te dirije pa Jeneral Fabre Geffrard, Duke nan Tabara. Nan Desanm nan ane sa a, Geffrard bat Lame a Imperial ak te sezi kontwòl nan pi fò nan peyi a. Kòm yon rezilta, Anperè a abdike fotèy li a sou 15 janvye 1859. Refize èd nan Legasyon an franse, Faustin te pran an ekzil abò yon bato de gè britanik sou 22 janvye 1859. Jeneral Geffrard nan plas li kòm Prezidan.

=== Bonè 20yèm syèk ===
Nan 1892, gouvènman Alman an te sipòte repwodiksyon mouvman refòm Anténor Firmin, ak nan 1897, Alman yo te sèvi ak diplomasi kamarad pou entimide ak Lè sa a, imilye gouvènman ayisyen an pandan Zafè Luders.

Nan deseni ki sot pase yo nan 20yèm syèk la, Ayiti te gen eksperyans gwo enstabilite politik e li te lou nan dèt nan Lafrans, Almay ak Etazini yo. Pèseptè posib entèvansyon etranje a, Prezidan Woodrow Wilson te voye US Marines an Ayiti nan mwa desanm 1914, jis apre epidemi Premye Gè Mondyal la. Yo te retire $ 500,000 nan Bank Nasyonal la ayisyen pou &quot;kenbe sekirite&quot; (sic) nan New York, kidonk bay Etazini kontwòl bank lan.

Nan yon ekspresyon de Corollary Theodore Roosevelt nan Doktrin Monroe, Etazini te okipe zile a nan mwa jiyè 1915 apre asasina prezidan Ayiti Vilbrun Guillaume Sam. Pro-US la. Prezidan ayisyen te trennen soti nan legasyon an franse ak touye nan lari a pa ensije lokal apre li te bay lòd 167 prizonye politik touye. USS Washington, anba Kapernon Admiral Adrès, te rive nan Port-au-Prince nan yon tantativ pou retabli lòd ak pwoteje enterè US. Sa a te kòmanse yon okipasyon prèske 20 ane pa US fòs. Nan kèk jou, marin yo te pran kontwòl nan kapital la ak bank li yo ak kay koutim, ki kontwole tout finans yo nan nasyon an zile. Marin yo te deklare lwa masyal ak anpil kontwole laprès la. Nan semèn, yon nouvo pro-US. Prezidan ayisyen, Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave, te enstale ak yon nouvo konstitisyon ekri ki te favorab pou enterè yo nan peyi Etazini. Nouvo konstitisyon an te enkli yon kloz ki te pèmèt, pou premye fwa, an komen etranje nan peyi an Ayiti, ki te anmède pa lejislati ayisyen an ak sitwayen ameriken.

Okipasyon an te amelyore kèk nan enfrastrikti Ayiti ak pouvwa santralize nan Pòtoprens. Enfrastrikti amelyorasyon yo te patikilyèman enpresyonan: 1700 km nan wout yo te ka itilize, 189 pon te bati, anpil kanal irigasyon yo te reyabilite, lopital, lekòl, ak bilding piblik yo te konstwi, epi yo te bwè dlo nan lavil prensipal yo. Pòtoprens te vin premye vil Karayib la pou yo gen yon sèvis telefòn ak otomatik konpoze. Edikasyon agrikòl te òganize, avèk yon lekòl santral nan agrikilti ak 69 fèm nan peyi a. Wout yo te konstwi lè l sèvi avèk sistèm kadav la ki te pèmèt fòs okipasyon yo pran moun ki sòti nan kay yo ak nan fèm, nan zam si yo te nesesè, pou yo bati wout, pon, elatriye 

Marin Marin yo te enstile ak yon mak espesyal patènalism nan direksyon pou Ayisyen. Mary Renda ekri ke &quot;patènalism se te yon deklarasyon otorite, siperyorite, ak kontwòl ki eksprime nan metafò a nan relasyon yon papa ak pitit li yo.&quot;  Pandan odyans Sena nan ane 1921, kòmandan Korip Marin te rapòte ke, nan 20 la mwa nan rezistans aktif, 2.250 Ayisyen te mouri. Sepandan, nan yon rapò bay Sekretè Navy a, li rapòte nimewo telefòn lanmò kòm 3,250.  Istoryen ayisyèn yo te estime nimewo vre te pi wo. Youn te sigjere, &quot;kantite total viktwa batay ak viktim represyon ak konsekans lagè ta ka rive, nan fen peryòd pasyan an, kat oswa senk fwa ki - yon kote nan katye a nan 15,000 moun.&quot; 

Chapit sa a nan istwa de nasyon yo 'reflete enpèrsistis politik etranje nan peyi Etazini nan direksyon vwazen li yo nan Amerik Santral ak Karayib la ki se souvan karakterize tankou &quot;diplomati zambat&quot;, oswa youn nan anpil &quot;Bannann lagè&quot; ki gwo malè tonbe sou rejyon an nan byen bonè 20yèm syèk. US Marines yo te estasyone nan peyi a jouk 1934, yon peryòd de 19 ane, epi yo te finalman te bay lòd nan zile a pa Franklin D. Roosevelt kòm yon demonstrasyon nan &quot;Bon Vwazinaj Policy&quot; li yo. Sepandan, Etazini te kontwole ekonomi zile a ak anpil enfliyans eleksyon an Ayiti jiska ane 1980 yo. [Sitiyasyon ki nesesè]

Sisal te prezante an Ayiti, e kanal ak koton te vin ekspòtasyon enpòtan.  Tradisyonèlis ayisyen, ki baze nan zòn riral yo, yo te trè rezistan nan chanjman ameriken ki te sipòte, pandan y ap elit yo nan vil te vle plis kontwòl. Ansanm yo te ede an sekirite yon fen nan okipasyon an nan 1934. Dèt yo te toujou eksepsyonèl ak US finansye konseye-jeneral reseptè a okipe bidjè a jiskaske 1941.

Rekonesans nan tradisyonalis diferan nan pèp ayisyen an te gen yon enfliyans sou ekriven Etazini, ki gen ladan Eugene O'Neill, James Weldon Johnson, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston ak Orson Welles.

Aprè US fòs kite nan 1934, Dominikèn diktatè Rafael Trujillo te itilize anti-ayisyen santiman kòm yon zouti nasyonalis. Nan yon evènman ki te vin rekonèt kòm masak nan Pèsi, li te bay lòd lame li a touye Ayisyen k ap viv sou bò dominikèn nan fwontyè a. Kèk bal te itilize. Olye de sa, 20,000-30,000 Ayisyen te bludgeoned ak bayonetted, Lè sa a, te èdi nan lanmè a, kote reken fini sa Trujillo te kòmanse. Kongrèman Hamilton Pwason, ki plase manm House Komite Afè Etranjè a, ki rele masak nan pèsi &quot;atwosite ki pi ekzòbye ki te janm perpetrated sou kontinan Ameriken an.&quot; Menm si li te yon sèl trimès ayisyen tèt li, Trujillo kontinye politik kont popilasyon vwazen pou kèk tan.

Sou 27 septanm 1945, Ayiti te vin yon manm fondatè Nasyonzini (siksesè nan Lig Nasyon yo, nan ki Ayiti tou te yon manm fondatè). Nan ane 1950 yo, US ak touris Ewopeyen te kòmanse vizite Ayiti.

Te zòn nan baryè nan Port-au-Prince redevlope yo ki pèmèt pasaje bato kwazyè yo mache soti nan waf yo atraksyon kiltirèl. Pami atraksyon sa yo, yo te Mache Iron Market la, kote yo te vann atizay ayisyen ak akajou. Nan antreprenè yo aswè bay danse, jwèt aza kazino ak montre vodou. Truman Capote ak Noel Coward te vizite Oloffson Hotel la, yon chato Gingerbread gotik 19yèm syèk mete nan yon jaden twopikal, ki te menm dekri nan 1966 woman Graham Greene Comedians.

=== Dinasti Divalye (1957-86) ===
Aprè yon peryòd maladi, nan mwa septanm 1957 Doktè François Duvalier te eli prezidan Ayiti. Li te rekonèt kòm &quot;Papa Doc&quot; ak premye popilarite, Divalye te prezidan an jiskaske l mouri nan lane 1971. Li te avanse enterè nwa nan sektè piblik la, kote sou tan, moun ki te koulè yo te dominan kòm elit edike nan vil la. Li te rete nan pouvwa pa anboche yon òganizasyon li te ye tankou Tontons Macoutes (&quot;Bogeymen&quot;), ki kenbe lòd pa teroris popilasyon an ak opozan politik yo. 40,000 ak 60,000 Ayisyen yo estime yo te mouri pandan tout rèy papa Divalye ak pitit gason an.

Ayiti boom touris Ayiti te siye pa règ Papa Doc Divalye ak gouvènman enstab li. Lè pitit gason l 'Jean-Claude &quot;ti bebe Doc&quot; Duvalier te reyisi l' kòm Prezidan pou lavi, touris tounen nan lane 1970 yo. Vive la diferans ki depi lontan te eslogan nasyonal touris Ayiti ak pwoksimite li nan Etazini te fè Ayiti yon atraksyon cho jiskaske rejim Divalye a te ranvèse an 1986.

=== Istwa aktyèl ===
Papa Doc pitit gason an te dirije peyi a soti nan 1971 jouk ranvèse l 'nan 1986, lè manifestasyon mennen l' nan chache ekzil an Frans. Lame lidè Jeneral Henri Namphy te dirije yon nouvo Konsèy Nasyonal Gouvènan. [pa nan sitasyon yo bay] Eleksyon jeneral nan mwa novanm yo te anile apre plizyè douzèn moun te tire nan kapital la pa sòlda ak Tontons Macoutes. Eleksyon fo swiv. Pwezidan eli a, Leslie Manigat, te ranvèse kèk mwa aprè nan jen 1988 koudeta ayisyen an. Sèptanm 1988 koudeta ayisyen an, ki te swiv maske St Jean Bosco a, te revele a gwo impòtans de Macoutes ansyen Tontons. Jeneral Prosper Avril te dirije yon rejim militè jouk mas 1990.

[[Fichye:Port-au-Prince airfield seizure.jpg|thumb|[[Operation Uphold Democracy|envazyon te dirije pa USA a]] an 1994 ki fèt pou retire [[Raoul Cédras|rejim]] enstale pa [[kou deta 1991]].]]

Nan desanm 1990, yon ansyen prèt katolik, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, te eli prezidan nan eleksyon jeneral ayisyen an. Nan mwa septanm ane annapre a, Aristide te ranvèse pa militè nan 1991 koudeta ayisyen an.

Nan mwa septanm 1994, yon ekip ameriken te negosye depa lidè militè Ayiti yo ak antre lapè fòs ameriken yo anba Operasyon Demach Demokrasi. Sa a pèmèt restorasyon nan eli Demokratik Jean-Bertrand Aristide kòm prezidan. Nan mwa oktòb 1994, Aristide te retounen an Ayiti pou l fini tèm li nan biwo. Aristide te kite prezidans lan an fevriye 1996. Nan eleksyon 1995, René Préval te eli kòm prezidan pou yon manda senk ane, genyen 88% vòt popilè a.

Nan mwa novanm 1994, Siklòn Gordon te fwote Ayiti, jete gwo lapli ak kreye inondasyon flash ki te deklannche mudslides. Gordon te touye yon estime 1 122 moun, byenke kèk estime ale kòm 2 200.

Novanm 2000 eleksyon an te retounen Aristide nan prezidans lan ak 92% nan vòt la. Eleksyon an te bòkote pa opozisyon an, Lè sa a, òganize nan Démocratique Convergence la, sou yon dispit nan eleksyon yo lejislatif Me. Nan ane ki vin aprè yo, te gen ogmante vyolans ak abi dwa moun. Aristide te pase ane negosyasyon ak Demokratik Convergence sou eleksyon nouvo, men enkapasite konvansye a pou devlope yon baz elektoral ase te fè elèksyon yo danjere.

An 2004, yon revòlt te kòmanse nan nò Ayiti. Rebelyon an evantyèlman rive nan kapital la, ak Aristide te fòse nan ekzil, apre yo fin ki Nasyonzini yo te estasyone fòs mentyen lapè an Ayiti. Gen kèk, ki gen ladan Aristide ak gad kò li, Franz Gabriel, deklare ke li te viktim yon &quot;nouvo koudeta oswa kidnape modèn&quot; pa US fòs yo. Madan Aristide te deklare ke kidnapè yo te fè inifòm espesyal Fòs Entènasyonal yo, men yo te chanje an rad sivil yo lè yo tap monte avyon an ki te itilize pou retire Aristide soti Ayiti Misyon Estabilizasyon Nasyonzini (MINUSTAH) te etabli apre 2004 koudeta a epi li rete nan peyi a jounen jodi a. Boniface Alexandre sipoze otorite pwovizwa. René Préval te eli prezidan nan mwa fevriye 2006, apre eleksyon ki make pa ensètitid ak manifestasyon popilè.

An 2004, Twopikal Tanpèt Jeanne te ekipe kòt nò Ayiti a, kite 3,006 moun ki mouri nan inondasyon ak mudslides, sitou nan lavil Gonayiv. An 2008, Ayiti te frape ankò pa tanpèt twopikal; Twoub Tanpèt Twopikal, Siklòn Gustav, Siklòn Hanna ak Siklòn Ike tout pwodui gwo van ak lapli. Te gen 331 mouri ak sou 800,000 ki bezwen èd imanitè. Eta a nan zafè ki te pwodui pa tanpèt sa yo te entansifye pa manje deja ak pri gaz ki te lakòz yon kriz manje ak ajitasyon politik nan mwa avril 2008.

Sou 12 janvye 2010, nan 4:53 pm tan lokal, Ayiti te frape pa yon tranblemanntè mayitid-7.0. Sa a se tranbleman ki pi grav nan peyi a nan plis pase 200 ane. Tranbleman Ayiti Ayiti a te rapòte ke yo te kite ant 220,000 ak 300,000 moun ki mouri ak jiska 1.6 milyon ki san kay. Peyi a poko retabli de tranblemanntè 2010 la ak yon epidemi ak masiv Ayiti kolera ki te deklanche lè fatra kolera ki enfekte nan yon estasyon lapè Nasyonzini ki kontamine gwo larivyè peyi a, Latibonit la. Nan 2017, li te rapòte ke apeprè 10,000 Ayisyen te mouri ak prèske yon milyon te malad. Apre ane nan refi Nasyonzini yo ekskiz nan 2016, men kòm nan 2017, yo te refize rekonèt fòt, kidonk evite finansye responsablite.

Eleksyon jeneral yo te planifye pou janvye 2010 men yo te ranvwaye akòz tranbleman tè a. Eleksyon yo te fèt sou 28 Novanm 2010 pou sena a, palman an ak premye tou an nan eleksyon prezidansyèl yo. Kouri-off ant Michel Martelly ak Mirlande Manigat te pran plas sou 20 mas 2011, ak rezilta preliminè, lage sou 4 Avril, yo te rele Michel Martelly gayan an. Sou 7 Fevriye 2016, Michel Martelly te demisyone kòm prezidan san yon siksesè, men sèlman apre yo fin te fè yon kontra pou yon gouvènman pwovizwa epi kite Premye Minis Evans Paul nan pouvwa &quot;jiskaske yon prezidan pwovizwa yo chwazi nan tou de chanm nan Palman an.&quot;

Nan 2013, Ayiti rele pou nasyon Ewopeyen yo peye reparasyon pou esklavaj ak etabli yon komisyon ofisyèl pou règleman an nan mal pase. Ekonomis la te ekri, &quot;Nenpòt asistans nan rejyon an ta dwe ak anpil atansyon vize; epi yo ta dwe siman tij soti nan bezwen jodi a, pa mal nan sot pase a.&quot; Sijè sa a, sepandan, gen plis pase yon referans pase nan yon peyi ki, kòm Seyè Anthony Gifford te ekri, &quot;te fòse yo peye konpansasyon nan gouvènman an nan Lafrans.&quot;

Nan 4 oktòb 2016, Matye Siklòn te fè yon lakou ki toupre Les Anglais, ki te fè li siklòn ki pi mal la pou frape nasyon an depi Siklòn Cleo nan lane 1964. Tanpèt la te fè van ak lapli ki te mouri ki te kite Ayiti avèk yon gwo kantite domaj pou repare. Avèk tout resous ki nan peyi a detwi, Ayiti te resevwa èd nan men Nasyonzini yo nan anviwon $ 120 milyon dola. Total lanmò a te apeprè 3,000. Dè milye de moun te deplase akòz enfrastrikti domaj. Epitou, epidemi kolera a ap grandi depi tanpèt la frape Ayiti. Avèk plis inondasyon apre tanpèt la, kolera kontinye gaye plis pase kontwòl ofisyèl yo. Tanpèt la tou te lakòz domaj nan lopital ak wout, ki te kreye yon pi gwo pwoblèm nan ede viktim yo ak resous deplase. Devastasyon ak domaj Siklòn Matye te lakòz yo te toudenkou e yo te kite Ayiti nan yon eta dijans.

== Politik ==
* Gade tou : [[Lis prezidan Ayiti]]
=== Dwa yo ===
Ou mèt li vèsyon [[1987]] [[konstitisyon 1987 (Ayiti)|konstitisyon]] peyi.

Tout sitwayen gen dwa vote aprè yo gen 18 an.
=== Sistèm ===
Gen de antite ki pataje pouvwa lejislatif, [[Sena ayisyen|Sena]] ak [[Chanm Depite]] lè de kò sa yo reyini yo fè [[Asanble Nasyonal]].

== Jewografi ==
[[Fichye:Haiti topographic map-fr.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Yon kat jewografik nan Ayiti]]
Ayiti se sou pati lwès la nan [[Ispanyola]], dezyèm zile a pi gwo nan [[Zantiy]]. Ayiti se peyi a twazyèm pi gwo nan [[Karayib]] la dèyè Kiba ak [[Repiblik Dominikèn]] (dènye pati a yon fwontyè 360-kilomèt ak Ayiti). Ayiti nan pwen li pi pre a se apeprè 45 kilomèt naval (83 kilomèt) lwen [[Kiba]] epi li enkli penensil ak poutèt sa, li gen yon litoral ki disproporsyonal long epi li se dezyèm nan longè (1,771 kilomèt) dèyè Kiba nan Zantiy.

Ayiti se nasyon ki pi montay nan Karayib la. Klima la se twopikal, ak kèk varyasyon depann sou altitid. Pwen ki pi wo a se Pic la Selle, nan 2,680 mèt.

Rejyon Nò a konsiste de Massif du Nord la (Northern Massif) ak Plaine du Nord la (Northern Plain). Massif du Nord la se yon ekstansyon nan Cordillera Santral la nan Repiblik Dominikèn. Li kòmanse nan fwontyè lès Ayiti a, nan nò Guayamouc River, ak pwolonje nan nòdwès la nan nò penensil la. Plenn yo nan Plaine du Nord la kouche sou fwontyè Nò a ak Repiblik Dominikèn, ant Massif du Nord la ak Nò Atlantik Nò a.

Rejyon santral la konsiste de de plenn ak de kouche nan chenn montay. Plato Santral la (Santral Plateau) pwolonje ansanm tou de bò larivyè Guayamouc, nan sid Masif duinò la. Li kouri soti nan sidès la nan nòdwès la. Nan sidwès la nan Plateau Santral la Noirs yo Montagnes, ki gen pi pati nòdwès pati ak Massif du Nord la. Pwen lwès li yo se ke yo rekonèt kòm Cap Carcasse.

Rejyon sid la konsiste de Plaine du Cul-de-sak la (sidès la) ak montay sid penensil (ke yo rele tou [[Penensil Tibiwon]]). Plaine du Cul-de-Sak la se yon depresyon natirèl ki deplase lak saline peyi a, tankou Twou Kayiman ak pi gwo lak Ayiti a, [[Etan Somat]]. Chèn montay de chan Selle a - yon ekstansyon chèn montay mòn nan Repiblik Dominikèn (Sierra de Baoruco) - pwolonje nan [[Masif Lasèl]] nan solèy leve a nan [[Masif Lawòt]] nan lwès la. Sa a ranje montay pò Pir la Selle, pwen ki pi wo an Ayiti nan 2,680 mèt.

Fon ki pi enpòtan an Ayiti an tèm de rekòt se Plaine de l'Artibonite, ki se oryante sid nan Noirs Montagnes. Rejyon sa a sipòte larivyè a, Riviere l'Artibonite, ki kòmanse nan rejyon lwès Repiblik Dominikèn lan e li kontinye pifò longè li yo nan santral Ayiti ak sou kote li vide nan [[Gòlf Lagonav]]. Rejyon lès ak santral nan zile a se yon gwo plato ki wo.

Ayiti tou gen ladan divès zile lanmè. Se zile a nan Tortuga (Île de la Tortue) ki sitiye sou kòt la nan nò Ayiti. Arondisman an nan La Gonave sitiye sou zile an menm non yo, nan Golfe de la Gonave. Gonav Island se pepleman peple pa vilaj riral yo. Vache (Island bèf), yon zile Fertile ak anpil bèl aklè, ki chita sou pwent an nan sidwès Ayiti. Epitou yon pati nan Ayiti se Kayemit yo ak Île d 'Anacaona. La Navasse ki sitiye 40 kilomèt naval (74 km) nan lwès Jeremi sou sid penensil nan lwès Ayiti, se sijè a yon diskisyon kontinyèl teritoryal ak Etazini.

=== Vil enpòtan yo ===
{| border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;width:50%&quot;  
|-
|colspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFA500&quot; | '''[[Vil]] an Ayiti'''
|-
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#98FB98&quot; | '''Ran''' || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#98FB98&quot; | '''[[Vil]]''' || colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#98FB98&quot; | '''[[Popilasyon]]''' ||  rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#98FB98&quot; | '''Depatman'''
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#98FB98&quot; | '''[[1982]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#98FB98&quot; |  '''[[2005]]'''
|-
|align=&quot;right&quot;| 1.||[[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]]  ||align=&quot;right&quot;|449 831|| align=&quot;right&quot; |1 234 742||[[Lwès]]
|-
|align=&quot;right&quot;| 2.||[[Kafou (komin)|Kafou]]      ||align=&quot;right&quot;|110 000|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  439 581||[[Lwès]]
|-
|align=&quot;right&quot;| 3.||[[Dèlma (komin)|Dèlma]]      ||align=&quot;right&quot;| 90 000|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  377 187||[[Lwès]]
|-
|align=&quot;right&quot;| 4.||[[Kap Ayisyen (komin)|Kap Ayisyen]] (Okap)|| align=&quot;right&quot; | 64 406|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  134 815||[[Nò]]
|-
|align=&quot;right&quot;| 5.||[[Petyonvil (komin)|Petyonvil]]  ||align=&quot;right&quot;| 35 333|| align=&quot;right&quot; |  108 227||[[Lwès]]
|-
|align=&quot;right&quot;| 6.||[[Gonayiv (komin)|Gonayiv]]    ||align=&quot;right&quot;| 34 209|| align=&quot;right&quot; |   84 961||[[Latibonit]]
|-
|align=&quot;right&quot;| 7.||[[Sen Mak (komin)|Sen Mak]]    ||align=&quot;right&quot;| 24 165|| align=&quot;right&quot; |   66 226||[[Latibonit]]
|-
|align=&quot;right&quot;| 8.||[[Okay (komin)|Okay]]       ||align=&quot;right&quot;| 34 090|| align=&quot;right&quot; |   59 319||[[Sid]]
|-
|align=&quot;right&quot;| 9.||[[Vèrèt (komin)|Vèrèt]]      ||align=&quot;right&quot;| 3 670|| align=&quot;right&quot; |   48 724||[[Latibonit]]
|-
|align=&quot;right&quot;|10.|| [[Pòdpè (komin)|Pòdpè]]     ||align=&quot;right&quot;| 15 540|| align=&quot;right&quot; |   34 657||[[Nòdwès]]
|-
|align=&quot;right&quot;|11.|| [[Jakmèl (komin)|Jakmèl]]     ||align=&quot;right&quot;|  13 730|| align=&quot;right&quot; |   145 984||[[Sidès]]
|}
fonveret lwes

== Demografi ==
[[File:Haiti-demographie.png|250px|left|thumb|Demografi d'Ayiti]]
Moun Ayiti se 70-80% Afriken epi 20-25% se Blan avèk Afriken lot 0-5% se Afriken avèk Endyen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tracingafricanroots.wordpress.com/ancestrydna/haitian-results/|title=Haitian Results|date=2015-10-03|website=Tracing African Roots|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-10-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edikasyon ==
Ayiti genyen 2 lang ofisyèl : kreyòl ayisyen epi franse.

* 10% nan ayisyen yo konnen pale ak ekri franse, nan kilès yo n ap twouve 2 jouk 3% timoun piti.
* 90% ayisyen yo ap pale kreyòl, nan kilès yo n ap twouve jouk 97% timoun piti.

Tout edikasyon timoun piti yo fèt nan lang franse. Li sanble ke Ayiti se youn nan peyi pòv yo ki pa ap metrize edikasyon pou popilasyon l.

=== Enstitisyon ===
==== Inivèsite ====
* Collège Universitaire Caraïbe (Pòtoprens)
* Université Chrétienne du Nord d'Haïti (Haut Limbé)
* Université Épiscopale d'Haïti (Pòtoprens)
* [[Université d'État d'Haïti]] (Pòtoprens)
* Université Lumière / MEBSH (Pòtoprens)
* Université Notre Dame d'Haïti (Pòtoprens)
* Université Quisqueya (Pòtoprens)
* Université Roi Henri Christophe (Limonade)
* Université Technologique d'Haïti (Pòtoprens)

==== Écoles et Centres d'Enseignements Supérieurs ====
* Centre d'Études Universitaires et de Formation Continue : (Pòtoprens)
* Centre de Technique, de la Planification et d'Économie Appliquée (CTPEA) : (Pòtoprens)
* Centre Universitaire International d'Haïti: (Pòtoprens)
* École de Droit des Gonaïves : (Gonayiv)
* École de Droit du Cap-Haïtien:(Pòtoprens)
* École Nationale des Arts (ENARTS):(Pòtoprens)
* École Nationale des Infirmières:(Pòtoprens)
* École Nationale Supérieure de Technologie:(Petyonvil)
* École Supérieure d’Infotronique d’Haïti:(Pòtoprens)
* G.O.C Institut Polytechnique:(Pòtoprens)
* Institut International d'Études Universitaires :(Pòtoprens)
* Institut Universitaire d'Études Spécialisées :(Pòtoprens)

== Plant epi zannimo ==
Ayiti te gen anpil zannimo lontan. Men kounye a akòz yon maladi ki tap ravaje yo te oblije detui kochon yo. Nan andeyò ou ap jwenn yo pran swen zannimo yo, men nan vil la se maltrete yo maltrete yo, se sa ki fè gen anpil maladi ki pwopaje nan manje vyann.

== Ekonomi ==
Ayiti gen yon ekonomi ki gen anpil reglemantasyon, ki gen plis kontwòl leta, ki klase 145yèm nan 177 peyi yo bay yon &quot;endèks libète&quot; pa Heritage Foundation la.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.heritage.org/index/ranking|title=Country Rankings: World &amp; Global Economy Rankings on Economic Freedom|website=www.heritage.org|accessdate=1 September 2023|archive-date=26 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026110910/http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; GDP per capita Ayiti a se $1,800 ak PIB li se $19,97 milya dola (estimasyon 2017). Peyi a sèvi ak goud ayisyen an kòm lajan li. Malgre endistri touris li, Ayiti se youn nan peyi ki pi pòv nan Amerik yo, ak koripsyon, enstabilite politik, move enfrastrikti, mank de swen sante ak mank edikasyon site kòm kòz prensipal yo. Chomaj wo anpil e anpil ayisyen ap chache emigre. Komès te bese dramatikman apre tranblemanntè 2010 la ak epidemi kolera ki vin apre, ak GDP parite pouvwa achte nan peyi a te tonbe a 8% (soti nan 12,15 milya dola ameriken a 11,18 milya dola ameriken).&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA_20110303&quot;&gt;{{cite web |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |work=[[The World Factbook]] |title=Haiti |date=22 September 2021 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/haiti/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209014627/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/haiti/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayiti te klase 145yèm nan 182 peyi nan Endis Devlopman Imen Nasyonzini an 2010, ak 57.3% nan popilasyon an te prive nan omwen twa nan mezi povrete HDI a.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNDP_2010&quot;&gt;{{cite web |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423024550/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/HTI.html |archive-date=23 April 2011 |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/HTI.html |title=International Human Development Indicators: Haiti |year=2010 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Apre eleksyon 2000 ki te diskite ak akizasyon konsènan règ Prezidan Aristide&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wow509.com/news/jean-bertrand-aristide-net-worth/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141016002417/http://www.wow509.com/news/jean-bertrand-aristide-net-worth/|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 October 2014|title=Jean Bertrand Aristide net worth|work=WOW509|access-date=16 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;, yo te koupe èd Etazini bay gouvènman ayisyen an ant 2001 ak 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2004/03/07/before_fall_of_aristide_haiti_hit_by_aid_cutoff/ |title=Before fall of Aristide, Haiti hit by aid cutoff by |author=Farah Stockman |publisher=Boston.com |date=7 March 2004 |access-date=24 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Apre Aristide te depa an 2004, èd te retabli e lame brezilyen an te dirije yon operasyon mentyen lapè Nasyonzini ann Ayiti. Apre prèske kat ane resesyon, ekonomi an te grandi pa 1.5% an 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/haiti/economy/|title=Haiti: Economy|publisher=Michigan State University}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nan mwa septanm 2009, Ayiti te ranpli kondisyon yo te etabli nan pwogram FMI ak Bank Mondyal pou Peyi pòv ki gen anpil dèt pou kalifye pou anile dèt ekstèn li a.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2009/cr09288.pdf |title=Haiti: Enhanced Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=September 2009 |access-date=24 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Plis pase 90 pousan nan bidjè gouvènman an soti nan yon akò ak Petrocaribe, yon alyans petwòl Venezyela dirije.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/pdf/2015/countries/haiti.pdf |title=Haiti Economy |access-date=11 April 2015 |archive-date=2 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102170139/https://www.heritage.org/index/pdf/2015/countries/haiti.pdf |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==
=== Nouvèl epi analiz ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081014111619/http://www.premye.ht/ Premye.ht] Yon sit pou chache nan sit entènet nan domèn &quot;*.ht&quot;
* [http://www.fouye.com Fouye Haiti] anpil enfòmasyon sou Ayiti ak dyaspora a
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050906100912/http://news.yahoo.com/fc/World/Haiti/] Nouvèl konple sou Yahoo.com
* [http://www.haitiprogres.com], Ayiti Pwogre
* [http://www.canadahaitiaction.ca],[http://www.outofhaiti.ca] Atik ak nouvèl k'ap pale de wòl Kanada an Ayiti
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011134620/http://hayti.net/], Sit entènet Fanmi Lavalas la
* [http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050408005345/http://www.zmag.org/lam/haitiwatch.cfm], Yon analiz ZMag sou sitiyasyon peyi Ayiti kounye a
* [http://www.lethaitilive.org/pmwiki.php], Konbit Òganizasyon Ozetazini pou jistis ann Ayiti
* [http://www.alterpresse.org AlterPresse] Nouvel Alterpress nan diferan lang
* [http://www.ifex.org/20fr/content/view/full/118/ IFEX] Nouvèl endepandan
* [http://www.HavenWorks.com/world/haiti]  Nouvèl sou Ayiti
* [https://listhost.uchicago.edu/mailman/listinfo/haiti-news Haiti-news list], Nouvèl Ayisyen

=== Sou istwa peyi a ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060713172456/http://www.haitibio.com/ Haiti Bio] Anpil enfòmasyon sou Ayiti, pèp, ak listwa
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060822053955/http://www.thelouvertureproject.org/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page Louverture project] (an), istwa Ayiti ak Louvèti
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071015044529/http://www.haiti.org/keydate.htm Key Dates in Haitian History], Anbasad Ayiti Ozetazini, nan Washington, DC
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012142804/http://kreyol.com/history.html People in Haitian History], Fondatè ak Ewo peyi Dayiti
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011090409/http://webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti/history/history.htm] Paj Bob Corbetre pou bon jan enfòmasyon sou istwa peyi Dayiti
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100504202347/http://www.webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti/history/revolution/secret.htm], Lod sekra Napoleyon bay Lekle kont Ayiti
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130514083215/http://www.thediamondangle.com/marasco/negleg/trujillo.html Masak 1937], enfòmasyon anlè masak 18.000 Ayisyen an 1937 nan peyi Dominikani

=== Lòt pajwèb yo ===
* [http://www.HaitianNet.com HaitianNet.com] ou [https://web.archive.org/web/20180523035156/http://www.haitiannetworking.com/ HaitianNetworking.com], Yon sit rezo sosyal ki pèmèt tout Ayisyen rete konekte ansanm a travè lemond, ou ka vann sou sitwèb la, ou ka poste evènman ak anpil lòt bagay toujou. 
* [http://www.hope-for-haiti.org Hope for Haiti], Yon pwojè edikasyon ak devlòpman
* [http://www.belfet.com Belfet.com], Tout Bal, festival, forum mizik
* [http://www.haitixchange.com HaitiXchange.com], Ayisyen, Moun, Nouvèl, ak Kilti
* [http://kiskeyacity.blogspot.com/kiskeyAcity Yon sit blog pou zanmi Ayisyen]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060427001513/http://www.haitiinnovation.org/ Haiti Innovation], Yon sit blog sou devlòpman peyi Dayiti
* [http://www.haitiaction.com Haiti Action]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100110100955/http://www.amizman.com/ Amizman.com: Mizik, Blag, Nouvèl, foto ak plis toujou...], Yon sit divètisman ki santre sou kilti peyi Dayiti
* [http://www.haitipolicy.org Pwoje Action pou Ayiti]
* [http://www.travelinghaiti.com/  Istwa Dayiti, Kat jewografi ak Nouvèl]
* [http://www.haitisupport.gn.apc.org  Gwoup Sipo pou Ayiti]
* [http://www.nchr.org  Konbit Nasyonal Pou Dwa Ayisyen]
* [http://www.palaisnational.info/  Palè Nasyonal]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060831172014/http://www.sakapfet.com/  Sakapfet]
* [http://www.haitilist/ yon rezo sosyal kote ayisyen tout jenerasyon rankontre, echanje lidè ak rankontre ansyen zanmi ak fanmi]
* [http://www.haiti-progres.com/eng07-06.html/ Ayiti Pwogre]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060429010315/http://dir.groups.yahoo.com/dir/1600014114 Yahoo Group Directory for Regional &gt; Countries &gt; Haiti]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060627103759/http://dir.groups.yahoo.com/dir/1600444519 Yahoo Group Government &amp; Politics Directory]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060627103812/http://dir.groups.yahoo.com/dir/1600103560 Yahoo Group Directory - Haitian American]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060407084308/http://dir.groups.yahoo.com/dir/1604146720 Yahoo Group Directory - Romance and Relationships]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070705133108/http://www.haitianstudents.com/ Avansman nan zafè edikasyon pou tout etidyan ayisyen]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060402212859/http://nhsai.org/ Alyans Nasyonal Etidyan Ayisyen]
* [http://www.fhsai.org Asosiyasyon Etidyan Ayisyen nan Florid]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060629081131/http://www.njhsai.org/ Asosiyasyon Etidyan Ayisyen nan Nou Jeze]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060906095533/http://www5.montclair.edu/orgs/hsa/ Asosiyasyon Etidyan Ayisyen nan Montclair State University Ozetazini]
* [http://kiskeyacity.blogspot.com/2005/11/second-generation-nation-mill-polyn.html Entèvyou avèk yon Ayisyen ameriken de dezyem jenerasyon]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20000919000642/http://members.tripod.com/~HaitiPhoto/ Yon semèn nan lavi - Ayiti Cheri...Yon pwoje fotografi...]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060419073440/http://www.aanhaiti.com/aan/indexpage.asp?b=ns Otorite Ayewopò Nasyonal Ayiti]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080907105427/http://www.thelouvertureproject.org/wiki/ Pwoje Tousen Louvèti]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100206215050/http://www.konbit509.net/ Konbit 509]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071005232126/http://www.pwofansanm.org/ Pwof Ansanm] - Edikasyonal inisyativ nan Ayiti
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090605035007/http://www.hastingshumanrights.org/ Pwoje Dwa Moun nan Ayiti, Hastings] - Yon pwoje kap plede pou dwa Misye Yvon Neptune
* [http://www.haitilist/ yon rezo sosyal kote ayisyen tout jenerasyon rankontre, echanje lide ak rankontre ansyen zanmi ak fanmi]
* [http://www.ijdh.org/ Enstiti Pou Jistis ak Demokrasi nan Ayiti]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080531224630/http://haitiargentina.org/ Haiti &amp; Argentina. Cooperación efectiva para el desarrollo]

== Foto Ayiti ==
* [http://www.pbase.com/perrona/haiti_photo_haiti Foto Ayiti]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100109034359/http://www.amizman.com/photos/places.php Anpil bel foto Ayiti sou Amizman.com] (lyen kase)

{{Amerik}}

[[Kategori:Peyi]]
[[Kategori:Ayiti]]</text>
      <sha1>hbmhw19m3xldfmcucl05qa6v6oygxcu</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2004 (almanak gregoryen)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="323" sha1="dsxgchnmkrzgwtzt4iyxzux4ovj4nil" xml:space="preserve">{{palèt ane|2004}}
'''2004''' se 2004&lt;sup&gt;m&lt;/sup&gt; ane nan [[almanak gregoryen]].

''Gade osi [[nonm]] [[2004 (nonm)|2004]].''

== divètisman ==

== la ==

== matematik ==

== relijyon ==

== sosyete ==

== syans imèn ==

== syans natirèl ==

== teknoloji ==

[[Kategori:2004]]
[[Kategori:Lane yo nan almanak gregoryen]]</text>
      <sha1>dsxgchnmkrzgwtzt4iyxzux4ovj4nil</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>44 (almanak jilyen)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6402</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882138</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-22T09:23:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NVNkz</username>
        <id>39537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/234231033|44]] »</comment>
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{{Palèt ane|44|image=Claudius Didrachm 863069.jpg|légende=Triomphe de [[Claude (empereur romain)|Claude]].}}Ane '''44''' se yon [[Bisektil|ane bisèkstil]] ki kòmanse yon mèkredi.

== Evènman yo ==
[[Fichye:Mauretania_et_Numidia.jpg|gauche|vignette|Kat jeyografik Moretani (nan lwès la) ak Nimidi (nan lès la).]]

* [[Fevriye]] &lt;ref name=&quot;Mela&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|lire en ligne={{Google Livres|6AplSod8IDcC|page=3|surligne=}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; Triyonf Klòd pou konkèt Grann Bretay, li retounen [[Wòm ansyen|Wòm]] apre sis mwa absans &lt;ref name=&quot;Tillemont&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|lire en ligne={{Google Livres|rrY4VaJK75gC|page=665|surligne=}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; .
* 5 avril5 avril [[Pak (fèt)|Pak]] : dekapitasyon [[Jacques de Zébédée|Jak, Gran an,]] kèk jou anvan dat sa a, dapre tradisyon &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|lire en ligne=https://books.google.fr/books?id=mNgp4ubc280C&amp;pg=RA1-PA6}}&lt;/ref&gt; .
* [[Me]] (dat posib) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|lire en ligne={{Google Livres|FmIVAAAAQAAJ|page=70|surligne=}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lanmò Ewòd Agripa I, petèt Women yo te anpwazonnen l. Dapre Flavius Josephus, twoup Women yo nan Sezare te modi memwa Agripa, yo te fòse antre lakay li, yo te vyole pitit fi li yo, epi yo te selebre lanmò li piblikman ak fèt ak bwason. Jide te gouvène pa pwokiratè Women yo ankò. Cuspius Fadus te nonmen pwokiratè Jide (44-46) &lt;ref name=&quot;Tillemont&quot; /&gt; . Li te siprime revòlt Theudas la, ki te koupe tèt li &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|lire en ligne={{Google Livres|id=KGsaazsU5QYC|page=198|surligne=}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; .

* Moretani divize an de pwovens Women &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|lire en ligne={{Google Livres|OJ9RJ6snDacC|page=500|surligne=}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; ( Mauretania Caesariensis ak Mauretania Tingitana ).
* Aneksasyon zile Wòd la bay [[Anpi Women|Anpi Women an]] pandan nèf ane &lt;ref name=&quot;Tillemont&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|lire en ligne={{Google Livres|rrY4VaJK75gC|page=665|surligne=}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; .
* Elionaios, pitit Kanthéros (44) answit Jozèf, pitit Kami, granprèt Jerizalèm &lt;ref name=&quot;Lémonon&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=PvmYODhcO3QC&amp;pg=PA264}}&lt;/ref&gt; .
* Pomponius Mela pibliye ''De situ orbis'', yon deskripsyon [[Latè]] ( korografi ) &lt;ref name=&quot;Mela&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|lire en ligne={{Google Livres|6AplSod8IDcC|page=3|surligne=}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; .

== Lanmò an 1944 ==

* Jak, pitit gason Zebede a .
* Ewòd Agripa I

== Nòt ak referans ==
{{Referans}}

== Lyen ekstèn ==

* L’année 44 sur le site de la Bibliothèque nationale de France
{{Portail|Monde antique}}
[[Kategori:44]]
[[Kategori:Lane yo nan almanak jilyen]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Philippe Auguste</title>
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        <id>28592</id>
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'''Philippe II''', ke yo te konnen sou non &quot;Auguste&quot; (Ogis), te setyèm wa (1180-1223) nan dinasti Kapetyen an epi premye moun ki te pote tit Wa Frans lan (anvan li, tit la te &quot;Wa Frans yo&quot;).


{{moun
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|zèv=penti, la 
|nòt=Kèk nòt anlè {{PAGENAME}} 
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== Byografi ==
* Dat enpòtan yo

== Zèv li yo ==
* Sa li fè

== Referans ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080303203650/http://www.webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti/art/artist-list.html Yon lis atis pent 
ayisyen ak byografi]
* kèk lyen ...
&lt;gallery&gt;
Imaj:Pittura-Painting1.jpg
Imaj:Pittura-Painting2.jpg
Imaj:Pittura-Painting3.JPG
Imaj:Pittura-Painting4.JPG&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
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'''Philippe II''', ke yo te konnen sou non &quot;Auguste&quot; (Ogis), te setyèm wa (1180-1223) nan dinasti Kapetyen an epi premye moun ki te pote tit Wa Frans lan (anvan li, tit la te &quot;Wa Frans yo&quot;).


{{moun
|non=Philippe Auguste
|foto=
|tèks={{PAGENAME}} 
|dat nesans= 
|lye nesans= 
|peyi nesans=[[Frans]]
|dat lanmò= 
|lye lanmò= 
|peyi lanmò= 
|nasyonalite=ayisyen 
|zèv=penti, la 
|nòt=Kèk nòt anlè {{PAGENAME}} 
}}

== Byografi ==
* Dat enpòtan yo

== Zèv li yo ==
* Sa li fè

== Referans ==</text>
      <sha1>8bery5vl4qq7a7r6vnrvn8v4h85z51s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882115</id>
      <parentid>882114</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T19:43:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882115</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="522" sha1="rqcmnkvdvxckofa38guj5x7xm3xs3n0" xml:space="preserve">{{ebòch}}
'''Philippe II''', ke yo te konnen sou non &quot;Auguste&quot; (Ogis), te setyèm wa (1180-1223) nan dinasti Kapetyen an epi premye moun ki te pote tit Wa Frans lan (anvan li, tit la te &quot;Wa Frans yo&quot;).


{{moun
|non=Philippe Auguste
|foto=
|tèks={{PAGENAME}} 
|dat nesans= 
|lye nesans= 
|peyi nesans=[[Frans]]
|dat lanmò= 
|lye lanmò= 
|peyi lanmò= 
|nasyonalite=[[Franse|franse]]
|zèv=penti, la 
|nòt=Kèk nòt anlè {{PAGENAME}} 
}}

== Byografi ==
* Dat enpòtan yo

== Zèv li yo ==
* Sa li fè

== Referans ==</text>
      <sha1>rqcmnkvdvxckofa38guj5x7xm3xs3n0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882116</id>
      <parentid>882115</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T19:45:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882116</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="522" sha1="te6dxed91woi08b2orgno0eflb06uy8" xml:space="preserve">{{ebòch}}
'''Philippe II''', ke yo te konnen sou non &quot;Auguste&quot; (Ogis), te setyèm wa (1180-1223) nan dinasti Kapetyen an epi premye moun ki te pote tit Wa Frans lan (Anvan li, tit la te Wa Fransè yo).


{{moun
|non=Philippe Auguste
|foto=
|tèks={{PAGENAME}} 
|dat nesans= 
|lye nesans= 
|peyi nesans=[[Frans]]
|dat lanmò= 
|lye lanmò= 
|peyi lanmò= 
|nasyonalite=[[Franse|franse]]
|zèv=penti, la 
|nòt=Kèk nòt anlè {{PAGENAME}} 
}}

== Byografi ==
* Dat enpòtan yo

== Zèv li yo ==
* Sa li fè

== Referans ==</text>
      <sha1>te6dxed91woi08b2orgno0eflb06uy8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882117</id>
      <parentid>882116</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T19:46:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882117</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="537" sha1="cfwz1lo69ypnm97zdlgrdiwehw8q3um" xml:space="preserve">{{ebòch}}
'''Philippe II''', ke yo te konnen sou non &quot;Auguste&quot; (Ogis), te setyèm wa (1180-1223) nan dinasti Kapetyen an epi premye moun ki te pote tit Wa [[Frans]] lan (Anvan li, tit la te Wa [[Franse|Fransè]] yo).


{{moun
|non=Philippe Auguste
|foto=
|tèks={{PAGENAME}} 
|dat nesans= 
|lye nesans= 
|peyi nesans=[[Frans]]
|dat lanmò= 
|lye lanmò= 
|peyi lanmò= 
|nasyonalite=[[Franse|franse]]
|zèv=penti, la 
|nòt=Kèk nòt anlè {{PAGENAME}} 
}}

== Byografi ==
* Dat enpòtan yo

== Zèv li yo ==
* Sa li fè

== Referans ==</text>
      <sha1>cfwz1lo69ypnm97zdlgrdiwehw8q3um</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882118</id>
      <parentid>882117</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T19:53:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882118</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="784" sha1="nqqf1y7r9o3k5mm8etdltj6n7tk588c" xml:space="preserve">{{ebòch}}
'''Philippe II''', ke yo te konnen sou non &quot;Auguste&quot; (Ogis), te setyèm wa (1180-1223) nan dinasti Kapetyen an epi premye moun ki te pote tit Wa [[Frans]] lan (Anvan li, tit la te Wa [[Franse|Fransè]] yo). Se pandan rèy li ke Auvergne, yon pwovens Oksitan ki te vasal Duché Aquitaine nan, te atache ak domèn wayal franse a (1213). An menm tan, baron franse yo te fè lagè nan Occitanie tou avèk otorizasyon Pap la (Kwazad kont Kata yo, 1209-1244).


{{moun
|non=Philippe Auguste
|foto=
|tèks={{PAGENAME}} 
|dat nesans= 
|lye nesans= 
|peyi nesans=[[Frans]]
|dat lanmò= 
|lye lanmò= 
|peyi lanmò= 
|nasyonalite=[[Franse|franse]]
|zèv=penti, la 
|nòt=Kèk nòt anlè {{PAGENAME}} 
}}

== Byografi ==
* Dat enpòtan yo

== Zèv li yo ==
* Sa li fè

== Referans ==</text>
      <sha1>nqqf1y7r9o3k5mm8etdltj6n7tk588c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882119</id>
      <parentid>882118</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T19:53:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882119</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="788" sha1="d6dbevpe83f66u3cus9ybd6uf84ud6e" xml:space="preserve">{{ebòch}}
'''Philippe II''', ke yo te konnen sou non '''Auguste''' (Ogis), te setyèm wa (1180-1223) nan dinasti Kapetyen an epi premye moun ki te pote tit Wa [[Frans]] lan (Anvan li, tit la te Wa [[Franse|Fransè]] yo). Se pandan rèy li ke Auvergne, yon pwovens Oksitan ki te vasal Duché Aquitaine nan, te atache ak domèn wayal franse a (1213). An menm tan, baron franse yo te fè lagè nan Occitanie tou avèk otorizasyon Pap la (Kwazad kont Kata yo, 1209-1244).


{{moun
|non=Philippe Auguste
|foto=
|tèks={{PAGENAME}} 
|dat nesans= 
|lye nesans= 
|peyi nesans=[[Frans]]
|dat lanmò= 
|lye lanmò= 
|peyi lanmò= 
|nasyonalite=[[Franse|franse]]
|zèv=penti, la 
|nòt=Kèk nòt anlè {{PAGENAME}} 
}}

== Byografi ==
* Dat enpòtan yo

== Zèv li yo ==
* Sa li fè

== Referans ==</text>
      <sha1>d6dbevpe83f66u3cus9ybd6uf84ud6e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882120</id>
      <parentid>882119</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T19:56:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882120</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="821" sha1="lkua335x1gjko585kw48tavid42xbyt" xml:space="preserve">{{ebòch}}
'''Philippe II''', ke yo te konnen sou non '''Auguste''' (Ogis), te setyèm wa (1180-1223) nan dinasti Kapetyen an epi premye moun ki te pote tit Wa [[Frans]] lan (Anvan li, tit la te Wa [[Franse|Fransè]] yo). Se pandan rèy li ke [[Ovègn]], yon pwovens Oksitan ki te vasal Duché Aquitaine nan, te atache ak domèn wayal franse a (1213). An menm tan, baron franse yo te fè lagè nan [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitani]] tou avèk otorizasyon Pap la (Kwazad kont Kata yo, 1209-1244).


{{moun
|non=Philippe Auguste
|foto=
|tèks={{PAGENAME}} 
|dat nesans= 
|lye nesans= 
|peyi nesans=[[Frans]]
|dat lanmò= 
|lye lanmò= 
|peyi lanmò= 
|nasyonalite=[[Franse|franse]]
|zèv=penti, la 
|nòt=Kèk nòt anlè {{PAGENAME}} 
}}

== Byografi ==
* Dat enpòtan yo

== Zèv li yo ==
* Sa li fè

== Referans ==</text>
      <sha1>lkua335x1gjko585kw48tavid42xbyt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882121</id>
      <parentid>882120</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T21:09:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882121</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1190" sha1="rqhjnncrkm4ryle3nfoi0knmtpckbow" xml:space="preserve">{{ebòch}}
'''Philippe II''', ke yo te konnen sou non '''Auguste''' (Ogis), te setyèm wa (1180-1223) nan dinasti Kapetyen an epi premye moun ki te pote tit Wa [[Frans]] lan (Anvan li, tit la te Wa [[Franse|Fransè]] yo). Se pandan rèy li ke [[Ovègn]], yon pwovens Oksitan ki te vasal Duché Aquitaine nan (Kay Plantagenet), te atache ak domèn wayal franse a (1213). 

Rèy Filip Ogis la te esansyèl pou Lafrans. Non sèlman li te reyisi anekse, anplis Ovègn, anpil lòt tè ki te pou Kay Plantagenet la ([[Normandi]] an patikilye) pou pwofi pèsonèl li, men an menm tan, kèk nan baron franse li yo, avèk otorizasyon li, te kòmanse yon lagè pi lwen nan sid nan Oksitani an 1209, sou lòd Pap la, ki te vle mennen yon Kwazad kont erezi Kata a. Entèferans franse sa a, ki te apwouve pa Legliz la, te finalman mennen nan aneksasyon pi fò nan Oksitani pa Lafrans.

{{moun
|non=Philippe Auguste
|foto=
|tèks={{PAGENAME}} 
|dat nesans= 
|lye nesans= 
|peyi nesans=[[Frans]]
|dat lanmò= 
|lye lanmò= 
|peyi lanmò= 
|nasyonalite=[[Franse|franse]]
|zèv=penti, la 
|nòt=Kèk nòt anlè {{PAGENAME}} 
}}

== Byografi ==
* Dat enpòtan yo

== Zèv li yo ==
* Sa li fè

== Referans ==</text>
      <sha1>rqhjnncrkm4ryle3nfoi0knmtpckbow</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882122</id>
      <parentid>882121</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T21:10:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882122</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1232" sha1="j3zwirasqv1cbu9hzlei1kvwm25i6wb" xml:space="preserve">{{ebòch}}
'''Philippe II''', ke yo te konnen sou non '''Auguste''' (Ogis), te setyèm wa (1180-1223) nan dinasti Kapetyen an epi premye moun ki te pote tit Wa [[Frans]] lan (Anvan li, tit la te Wa [[Franse|Fransè]] yo). Se pandan rèy li ke [[Ovègn]], yon pwovens Oksitan ki te vasal Duché Aquitaine nan (Kay Plantagenet), te atache ak domèn wayal franse a (1213). 

Rèy Filip Ogis la te esansyèl pou Lafrans. Non sèlman li te reyisi anekse, anplis Ovègn, anpil lòt tè ki te pou Kay Plantagenet la ([[Normandi]] an patikilye) pou pwofi pèsonèl li, men an menm tan, kèk nan baron franse li yo, avèk otorizasyon li, te kòmanse yon lagè pi lwen nan sid nan Oksitani an 1209, sou lòd Pap la, ki te vle mennen yon Kwazad kont erezi Kata a. Entèferans franse sa a, ki te apwouve pa Legliz la, te finalman mennen nan aneksasyon pi fò nan [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitani]] pa [[Frans|Lafrans]].

{{moun
|non=Philippe Auguste
|foto=
|tèks={{PAGENAME}} 
|dat nesans= 
|lye nesans= 
|peyi nesans=[[Frans]]
|dat lanmò= 
|lye lanmò= 
|peyi lanmò= 
|nasyonalite=[[Franse|franse]]
|zèv=penti, la 
|nòt=Kèk nòt anlè {{PAGENAME}} 
}}

== Byografi ==
* Dat enpòtan yo

== Zèv li yo ==
* Sa li fè

== Referans ==</text>
      <sha1>j3zwirasqv1cbu9hzlei1kvwm25i6wb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882123</id>
      <parentid>882122</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T21:15:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882123</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1218" sha1="p63hxq4rt8y1tg61pth6wyika3ddg15" xml:space="preserve">{{ebòch}}
'''Philippe II''', ke yo te konnen sou non '''Auguste''' (Ogis), te setyèm wa (1180-1223) nan dinasti Kapetyen an epi premye moun ki te pote tit Wa [[Frans]] lan (Anvan li, tit la te Wa Fran yo). Se pandan rèy li ke [[Ovègn]], yon pwovens Oksitan ki te vasal Duché Aquitaine nan (Kay Plantagenet), te atache ak domèn wayal franse a (1213). 

Rèy Filip Ogis la te esansyèl pou Lafrans. Non sèlman li te reyisi anekse, anplis Ovègn, anpil lòt tè ki te pou Kay Plantagenet la ([[Normandi]] an patikilye) pou pwofi pèsonèl li, men an menm tan, kèk nan baron franse li yo, avèk otorizasyon li, te kòmanse yon lagè pi lwen nan sid nan Oksitani an 1209, sou lòd Pap la, ki te vle mennen yon Kwazad kont erezi Kata a. Entèferans franse sa a, ki te apwouve pa Legliz la, te finalman mennen nan aneksasyon pi fò nan [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitani]] pa [[Frans|Lafrans]].

{{moun
|non=Philippe Auguste
|foto=
|tèks={{PAGENAME}} 
|dat nesans= 
|lye nesans= 
|peyi nesans=[[Frans]]
|dat lanmò= 
|lye lanmò= 
|peyi lanmò= 
|nasyonalite=[[Franse|franse]]
|zèv=penti, la 
|nòt=Kèk nòt anlè {{PAGENAME}} 
}}

== Byografi ==
* Dat enpòtan yo

== Zèv li yo ==
* Sa li fè

== Referans ==</text>
      <sha1>p63hxq4rt8y1tg61pth6wyika3ddg15</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Blaise Pascal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>21051</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882098</id>
      <parentid>869374</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:28:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882098</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6954" sha1="jbj8l0wtzk5k1d179ef5aw9sa7zoklh" xml:space="preserve">{{ebòch}}
{{moun
|non=Blaise Pascal 
|foto= Blaise Pascal Versailles.JPG
|tèks= Blaise Pascal
|fonksyon=matematisyen, ekriven, filozòf
|domèn=matematik, literati, filozofi
|diplòm=
|etid=
|dat nesans= [[19 jen]] [[1623]]
|lye nesans= Clermont-Ferrand
|peyi nesans=[[Frans]]
|dat lanmò= [[19 out]] [[1662]]
|lye lanmò= [[Pari]]
|peyi lanmò= [[Frans]]
|nasyonalite=franse
|zèv= ''Pensées'' ; ''Les Provinciales''
|nòt=
}}
'''Blaise Pascal''', ki fèt [[19 jen]] [[1623]] nan  Clermont-Ferrand ([[Frans]]) epi ki mouri [[19 out]] [[1662]] nan [[Pari]] ([[Frans]]), se yon [[matematisyen]] ak [[filozòf]] [[franse]]. Li pa t janm konn s ak rele chimen lekòl ak inivèsite, rezon an se paske se papa l ki te edike l. Nan lane 1936, lè l vin gen 16 zan, li te ekri : « L’ESSAIE POUR LES CONIQUES». Nan menm epòk sa a tou, li te rive envante premye ti kalkilatris manyèl ke moun ta pral premye fè konesans avè l. 

== Biyografi ==
Yon timoun prekosye, li te edike pa papa l '. Premye travay Pascal yo konsène [[syans natirèl|syans natirèl]] ak [[Syans aplike|aplike]]. Li kontribye anpil nan etid [[Likid (matyè)|likid]] epi li klarifye konsèp [[presyon]] ak [[Vakyòm (fizik)|vakyòm]] lè li pwolonje travay [[Evangelista Torricelli|Torricelli] ]. Li se otè tèks enpòtan sou [[metòd syantifik la]].

Yon matematisyen premye to, li te kreye de gwo nouvo domèn rechèch:
* Nan {{nobr|16 ane}}, li pibliye yon trete sou [[jewometri pwojektif]];
* Nan {{nobr|19 ane}}, li te envante premye [[Kalkilatris mekanik|Machin kalkile]], li devlope li, epi li te prezante [[pascaline]] li te fini bay kontanporen li yo. 
* Nan {{nobr|31 ane}}, li te devlope yon metòd pou rezoud &quot;[[pwoblèm pati a]]&quot; ki, ki te bay monte pandan {{s-|XVIII}} nan kalkil la nan [[probabilité]] s. , pral enfliyanse fòtman [[teyori ekonomik|teyori ekonomik]] ak [[syans imen ak sosyal|syans sosyal yo]].

Apre [[Memoryal (Blaise Pascal)|yon eksperyans mistik emouvan]], nan {{date-|23 novanm 1654}}, li te konsakre tèt li esansyèlman nan [[Filozofi|filozofi]] ak [[Relijyon|relijyon]] refleksyon. . , san sepandan renonse travay syantifik. Pandan peryòd sa a li te ekri ''[[Les Provinciales]]'', ak ''[[Pensées (Pascal)|Pensées]]'', ki te pibliye sèlman apre lanmò li ki te fèt de mwa apre 39yèm  anivèsè nesans li, apre yon maladi long.

Panse li a make pwen konjonksyon ant pesimis [[Austin of Hippo|Saint Augustine]] ak dout [[Montaigne]], epi prezante yon konsepsyon teyolojik sou moun ak desten li, souvan konsidere kòm trajik; Refleksyon politik Pascal, inséparabl ak yon kesyon metafizik sou tout moun nan, revele enpòtans li jodi a. Nan {{date-|8|jiyè|2017}}, nan yon entèvyou ak chak jou Italyen an ''[[La Repubblica]]'', [[Francis (pap)|Pap Francis]] te anonse ke Blaise Pascal, yon plen Kretyen ki chofe pou defans [[Levanjil la]], k ap viv nan lapriyè ak charite nan sèvis pòv yo, {{sitasyon|ta merite beatifikasyon}} e ke li planifye pou lanse pwosedi ofisyèl la.

Pascal se nan orijin tou envansyon [[laprès idwolik la]], ki baze sou [[prensip Pascal|prensip ki pote non li]]. Yo bay li tou envansyon brouèt la, oswa [[Vinaigrette (machin)|vinaigrette]], ak [[haquet (cheval-trase)|haquet]], machin ki trase chwal ki fèt pou transpòte machandiz nan barik. Atribisyon sa yo sanble remonte nan premye edisyon konplè ekriti Pascal yo akòz [[Charles Bossut]], ki nan avètisman an, mansyone envansyon sa yo dapre temwayaj Mesye Le Roi, nan [[Académie des sciences] ], ki jwenn enfòmasyon li nan men papa l ', Julien Le Roi&lt;ref&gt;''Works of Blaise Pascal'', volim 1 ([https://books.google.fr/books?id=lKUGAAAAQAAJ&amp;q=Blaise+Pascal +wheelbarrow +haquet read online]).&lt;/ref&gt;.
Nan 1645, dapre de tèks pa Jacqueline ak twa pa Pascal, li sanble te gen yon desepsyon amoure ki prèske pwouve fatal pou li. Li deside pa marye.
[[Fichye:MCC-20953-Portret van Cornelius Jansenius (1585-1638) (page 1 crop).tiff|alt=Lwil sou twal, koulè dominan mawon ak nwa, pòtrè yon nonm ki anfas devan, ki mete yon kwafi epi ki mete yon fouri rad; men dwat li mete sou yon liv louvri kote non li parèt|vignette|242x242px|&lt;center&gt;[[Cornelius Jansen]], evèk Ypres, otè de ''[[Augustinus]]'' .&lt;/ center&gt; &lt;center&gt;(alantou 1636-1638)&lt;/center&gt;.]]
An 1646, papa Pascal te deplase kwis li lè li te tonbe sou glas, de doktè [[Jansenism|Jansenists]], frè Deschamps yo, ki te anobli sou non La Bouteillerie ak Des Landes ; yo se disip [[Jean Duvergier de Hauranne]], [[abate]] [[Abbaye de Saint-Cyran-en-Brenne|Saint-Cyran]], ki te entwodui [[Jansenism]] an Frans{{ sfn |Jacques Attali 2000|p=104-105|id=ja}}. Blaise te pale avèk yo souvan pandan twa mwa tretman papa l, li te prete nan men yo liv otè [[Jansenism|Jansenis]] yo, patikilyèman antouzyas sou ''Diskou sou Refòm nonm anndan an''&lt;ref&gt;{{Ouvraj|prenon1=Cornelius|ti non1=Jansenius (1585-1638)|title=Tradiksyon yon diskou sou refòm nonm anndan an. Kote vrè fondasyon vèti kretyen yo etabli... [pa R. Arnauld d’Andilly]|date=1642|llire en ligne=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k95626c|accessed on=2020- 11 -19}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Cornelius Jansen]] te ekri an 1628, kote li te soti tèlman fò ke li te kominike admirasyon li bay moun ki pwòch li yo. konvèsyon”. Sètènman, temwayaj yo a byen make l e li kominike ferveur li bay moun ki pwòch li yo; Jacqueline, jouk lè sa a chire ant lanmou Bondye ak mond lan kote li klere, vle vin yon mè. Sepandan, sa a se pa yon konvèsyon entèdi pale; nan pawòl Jacqueline, se pwogrè, soti nan yon relijyon viv nan tyèd rive nan yon relijyon viv nan fervèr. Daprè temwayaj sè l Gilberte, pa gen kesyon de jansenism oswa Port-Royal : se pa nan doktrin &quot;[[Augustinus]]&quot; fanmi Pascal la te konvèti, men nan espirityalite aba Sen-. Cyran{{sfn|Gérard Ferreyrolles 1984|p=35, nòt 2|id=gf84}}. Pandan peryòd sa a, Pascal te kòmanse ekri sou sijè teyolojik. Tout fanmi l kòmanse “goute Bondye” avè l.

== Zèv li yo ==
* Sa li fè, piblikasyon li nan domèn konesans matematik li.

Kòm ekriven, li se otè :
* 1639 : ''Essai pour les coniques''
* 1647 : ''Experiences nouvelles touchant le vide''
* 1653 : ''Traité du triangle arithmétique''
* 1656–1657 : ''Lettres provinciales''
* 1657-1658 : ''De l'Esprit géométrique''
* 1661 : ''Écrit sur la signature du formulaire''
* 1669 : ''Pensées''  (postim)
[[Fichye:Arts et Metiers Pascaline dsc03869.jpg|thumb|left|Kalkilatris Pascal te envante.]]
== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==
* [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ucm.5325890510;view=1up;seq=15 Oeuvres complètes, volume 2] (1858) Paris: Libraire de L Hachette et Cie, sou HathiTrust.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pascal, Blaise}}https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/personnalites/physique-blaise-pascal-1794/
[[Kategori:Moun]]
[[Kategori:Matematisyen]]
[[Kategori:Matematisyen franse]]
[[Kategori:Ekriven franse]]
[[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1623]]
[[Kategori:Lanmò 1662]]
[[Kategori:Nesans nan Oksitani]]</text>
      <sha1>jbj8l0wtzk5k1d179ef5aw9sa7zoklh</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>North Miami, Florid</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25460</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882124</id>
      <parentid>878211</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T23:03:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Clechr</username>
        <id>26098</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882124</origin>
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      <text bytes="1008" sha1="1qsahvl89se54ga7nw3ywnl3raoyixg" xml:space="preserve">{{ebòch}}

{{kolektivite tèritoryal
| non_lokal = North Miami
| koodone_lat = 
| koodone_lon = 
| drapo_imaj = 
| anblèm_imaj = 
| tip = vil
| dat = 
| zòn_tip = Eta
| zòn = [[Florid]]
| kapital_tip = 
| kapital_non =
| chèf_tit = 
| chèf_non = Alix Desulme
| sipèfisi_dat = 
| sipèfisi_ran = 
| sipèfisi_total = 
| dlo_pousantaj = 
| frontyè_tè = 
| frontyè_kòt = 
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| kat_politik = 
| kat_jewografik = 
| kat_satelit = 
| divizyon_tip = 
| divizyon_non = 
| vwazen = 
| sitwèb = 
| kòd_tip = jewografik
| kòd = 
| nòt = 
}}

'''{{PAGENAME}}''' se yon vil [[Etazini]]. Li sitye nan leta [[Florid]]. 
Chèf-lye li se Alix Desulme.

== Istwa == 
Istwa

== referans ==

== Kèk lyen ==

[[kategori:vil nan Florid]]
[[Kategori:Vil nan Etazini]]
[[kategori:jewografi]]

&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1qsahvl89se54ga7nw3ywnl3raoyixg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882126</id>
      <parentid>882124</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T23:14:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Clechr</username>
        <id>26098</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>te ajoute sitwèb</comment>
      <origin>882126</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1037" sha1="2ihhg9g4ay051ml358m4n0nn9et11mo" xml:space="preserve">{{ebòch}}

{{kolektivite tèritoryal
| non_lokal = North Miami
| koodone_lat = 
| koodone_lon = 
| drapo_imaj = 
| anblèm_imaj = 
| tip = vil
| dat = 
| zòn_tip = Eta
| zòn = [[Florid]]
| kapital_tip = 
| kapital_non =
| chèf_tit = 
| chèf_non = Alix Desulme
| sipèfisi_dat = 
| sipèfisi_ran = 
| sipèfisi_total = 
| dlo_pousantaj = 
| frontyè_tè = 
| frontyè_kòt = 
| rote_mwayen = 
| pli_ro_kote = 
| pli_ro = 
| pli_ba_kote = 
| pli_ba = 
| popilasyon_dat = 
| popilasyon_ran = 
| popilasyon_total = 
| popilasyon_dansite = 
| popilasyon_tip = 
| aktivite = 
| kat_anplasman = 
| kat_politik = 
| kat_jewografik = 
| kat_satelit = 
| divizyon_tip = 
| divizyon_non = 
| vwazen = 
| sitwèb = https://www.northmiamifl.gov/
| kòd_tip = jewografik
| kòd = 
| nòt = 
}}

'''{{PAGENAME}}''' se yon vil [[Etazini]]. Li sitye nan leta [[Florid]]. 
Chèf-lye li se Alix Desulme.

== Istwa == 
Istwa

== referans ==

== Kèk lyen ==

[[kategori:vil nan Florid]]
[[Kategori:Vil nan Etazini]]
[[kategori:jewografi]]

&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2ihhg9g4ay051ml358m4n0nn9et11mo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882128</id>
      <parentid>882126</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T23:46:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Clechr</username>
        <id>26098</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Istwa */ Ajoute yo ti istwa pou vil la North Miami</comment>
      <origin>882128</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1267" sha1="jitq8p0gcyvex0ydbxdb3qdw67p7e44" xml:space="preserve">{{ebòch}}

{{kolektivite tèritoryal
| non_lokal = North Miami
| koodone_lat = 
| koodone_lon = 
| drapo_imaj = 
| anblèm_imaj = 
| tip = vil
| dat = 
| zòn_tip = Eta
| zòn = [[Florid]]
| kapital_tip = 
| kapital_non =
| chèf_tit = 
| chèf_non = Alix Desulme
| sipèfisi_dat = 
| sipèfisi_ran = 
| sipèfisi_total = 
| dlo_pousantaj = 
| frontyè_tè = 
| frontyè_kòt = 
| rote_mwayen = 
| pli_ro_kote = 
| pli_ro = 
| pli_ba_kote = 
| pli_ba = 
| popilasyon_dat = 
| popilasyon_ran = 
| popilasyon_total = 
| popilasyon_dansite = 
| popilasyon_tip = 
| aktivite = 
| kat_anplasman = 
| kat_politik = 
| kat_jewografik = 
| kat_satelit = 
| divizyon_tip = 
| divizyon_non = 
| vwazen = 
| sitwèb = https://www.northmiamifl.gov/
| kòd_tip = jewografik
| kòd = 
| nòt = 
}}

'''{{PAGENAME}}''' se yon vil [[Etazini]]. Li sitye nan leta [[Florid]]. 
Chèf-lye li se Alix Desulme.

== Istwa == 
North Miami te fonde nan 1890 kòm. Nan 1926 li te vin yon ti vil. Nan 1953 li te vin yon vil.

North Miami gen anpil moun ayisyèn. Nan 2001 vil la te gen premye majistra li Josaphat Celestin. Depi 2009 vil la te gen majistra ayisyen.

== referans ==

== Kèk lyen ==

[[kategori:vil nan Florid]]
[[Kategori:Vil nan Etazini]]
[[kategori:jewografi]]

&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jitq8p0gcyvex0ydbxdb3qdw67p7e44</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>David Malebranche</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>64572</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882131</id>
      <parentid>810933</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T00:37:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>25431</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>882131</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4416" sha1="qjx04372piqbjmmeqzauhkwfs8zf6ym" xml:space="preserve">Doktè '''David Malebranche''' (20 fevriye 1969 – prezan) se yon ekspè sou [[sida]] ak transmisyon li ant moun nwa e [[omoseksyèl]] yo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://goodmenproject.com/author/dr-david-malebranche]&lt;/ref&gt;  Kòm kolèg ansyen li, Doktè [[Sanjay Gupta]] (Sanje Goupta), li ban souvan antrevi yo nan pwogram nouvèl yo.  Egzanp yo enkli BET (Televizyon Amizman Nwa), [[CNN]] (Rezo Kab Nouvèl), ak TV One (Televizyon Youn).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.standingonhisshoulders.com/the-author |title=Kopi achiv |access-date=2016-08-07 |archive-date=2017-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501010028/http://www.standingonhisshoulders.com/the-author |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nan jiyè 2006, li te tounen yon manm de President’s Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS (Konsèy Konsiltatif la de Prezidan sou VIH ak Sida).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://sph.unc.edu/mhp/david-j-malebranche-md-mph/ |title=Kopi achiv |access-date=2016-08-07 |archive-date=2017-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430095601/http://sph.unc.edu/mhp/david-j-malebranche-md-mph/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Li yon manm kominote [[ayisyen-ameriken]] nan ki ap grandi.

Doktè Malebranche te anseye klas medikal yo nan [[Emory University]] (Imowi Inivèsite).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.cfar.emory.edu/bio/investigator/malebranche.html |title=Kopi achiv |access-date=2016-08-07 |archive-date=2016-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715165507/http://www.cfar.emory.edu/bio/investigator/malebranche.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pita, li te travay nan Sant Sante Elè de [[University of Pennsylvania]] (Inivesitè Pinsilvanya).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.thefeministwire.com/2012/11/tfw-interviews-an-expert-in-the-hiv-prevention-field-dr-david-malebranche/ |title=Kopi achiv |access-date=2016-08-07 |archive-date=2017-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622171440/http://www.thefeministwire.com/2012/11/tfw-interviews-an-expert-in-the-hiv-prevention-field-dr-david-malebranche/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Li te touche diplòm yo de [[Princeton University]] (Pwinston Inivèsite), Emory University, ak [[Columbia University]] (Koloumbya Inivèsite).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.theleagueonline.org/alumni_spotlight.php?submit=detail&amp;uid=252]&lt;/ref&gt;  Kòm [[Barack Obama]] ak madanm li [[Michelle Obama]], li te touche de diplòm de inivèsite de [[Ivy League]] (Lig Lyè).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nndb.com/people/591/000135186/]&lt;/ref&gt;

Tou kòm Prezidan Obama, Doktè Malebranche gen yon papa ki te yon imigran nwa ak yon manman blan e amerikèn.  Papa li fèt nan Anse-a-Veau Anayiti.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.haitianinternet.com/articles/haitian-american-doctor-david-j-malbranche-youve-seen-him-on.html]&lt;/ref&gt;  Li te antrene Ozetazini pou travay kòm yon chirijen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://hivelimination.uchicago.edu/spotlight/detail/dr._david_malebranche_kali_lindsey |title=Kopi achiv |access-date=2016-08-07 |archive-date=2016-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715001506/http://hivelimination.uchicago.edu/spotlight/detail/dr._david_malebranche_kali_lindsey |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Doktè Malebranche te admèt li pa pale kreyòl.  Nan 2015, li te pibliye yon liv ki rele ''Standing on His Shoulders:  What I Learned about Race, Life, and High Expectations from My Haitian Superman Father'' (M Kanpe nan Zepòl Li:  Kisa M Te Apran sou Racis, Lavi, e Gwo Espwa de Papa Aysyen Ewoyik pa M).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.standingonhisshoulders.com/home |title=Kopi achiv |access-date=2016-08-07 |archive-date=2016-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617020332/http://www.standingonhisshoulders.com/home |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Liv la pale sou relasyon li ak papa imigran li.  

Li te kontribiye yon atik nan ''Family Affair: What It Means To Be African American Today'' (Zafè Fanmi: Kisa Vle Di Se Ameriken Nwa Jodi A).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/life_and_entertainment/2009/04/20/2_FAMILY_AFFAIR.ART_ART_04-20-09_D3_6JDJB4U.html |title=Kopi achiv |access-date=2016-08-07 |archive-date=2016-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512044144/http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/life_and_entertainment/2009/04/20/2_FAMILY_AFFAIR.ART_ART_04-20-09_D3_6JDJB4U.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Referans==
{{referans}}

[[Kategori:Moun]]
[[Kategori:Ameriken aysyen]]
[[Kategori:Doktè]]
[[Kategori:Aktivis]]
[[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1969]]</text>
      <sha1>qjx04372piqbjmmeqzauhkwfs8zf6ym</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Joseph Weterings</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>66205</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882134</id>
      <parentid>881478</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T09:17:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NVNkz</username>
        <id>39537</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>NVNkz a déplacé la page [[...]] vers [[Joseph Weterings]] par-dessus une redirection</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Eric del Castillo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>66842</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882133</id>
      <parentid>880422</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T07:09:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>25431</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>882133</origin>
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      <text bytes="6840" sha1="d8qvkn8hx1hit0qufazro9532g1j6ld" xml:space="preserve">{{ale menm non|Castillo}}
{{moun
|non=Eric del Castillo
|foto=
|tèks=Eric del Castillo (1967)
|fonksyon=aktè, senaris ak reyalizatè
|domèn=televizyon, sinema, teyat
|diplòm=
|etid=
|dat nesans=[[22 jiyè]] [[1933]]
|lye nesans=[[Celaya]], [[Guanajuato]]
|peyi nesans=[[Meksik]]
|dat lanmò=
|lye lanmò=
|peyi lanmò=
|nasyonalite= meksiken
|relijyon=
|rezidans=
|kontak=
|Biyografi=
|zèv=
|omaj=
|rekonpans=
|remak=
|fim=
}}
'''J. Eduardo Eric del Castillo-Negrete Galván''' (ki fèt an [[22 jiyè]] [[1933]] nan [[Celaya]], [[Guanajuato]], [[Meksik]]),&lt;ref name=&quot;EC12&quot;&gt;{{cite web 
|url=http://mx.hola.com/cine/201407237606/kate-del-castillo-cumple-papa/ 
|title=En imágenes: Kate del Castillo celebra los 80 años de su papá, Eric del Castillo|trans-title=In pictures: Kate del Castillo Celebrates 80 years of her father, Eric de el Castillo|publisher= Hola.com|access-date=16 janvye 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref name=&quot;radiof&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|url=http://radioformula.com.mx/notas.asp?Idn=338304 
|title=&quot;Perfume de Gardenia&quot; capítulo importante en mi vida: Del Castillo. |trans-title=Perfume de Gardenia&quot; important chapter in my life: Del Castillo.
|author=René Franco|publisher=Grupo Fórmula |access-date=16 janvye 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012201940/http://radioformula.com.mx/notas.asp?Idn=338304 |archivedate=12 oktòb 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; se yon aktè meksiken teyat, fim ak televizyon, tou senaris ak reyalizatè.
== Biyografi ==
== Zèv li yo ==
=== Teyat ===
* 1957 : ''Réquiem para una monja''
* 1959 : ''La Llorona'' de Fernando Wagner
* 1962 : ''Señoritas a disgusto''
* 1968 : ''Cada quien su vida''
* 1980 : ''Tócame la negra''&lt;ref name=&quot;EC9&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://escritores.cinemexicano.unam.mx/biografias/C/CASTILLO_eric_del/biografia.html|title=Eric del Castillo|3=|publisher=''Semblanza biográfica de la UNAM''|access-date=16 janvye 2015|archive-date=2018-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122084219/http://escritores.cinemexicano.unam.mx/biografias/C/CASTILLO_eric_del/biografia.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fim ===
* 1960 : ''[[Verano violento]]'' : Carlos
* 1961 : ''[[Azahares rojos]]''
* 1961 : ''[[Suicídate mi amor]]'' : Emilio
* 1961 : ''[[La maldición de Nostradamus]]''
* 1961 : ''[[Viva chihuahua]]''
* 1961 : ''[[Juan sin miedo]]'' : Capitán
* 1962 : ''[[La sangre de Nostradamus]]'' : González
* 1962 : ''[[Cuanto vale tu hijo]]''
* 1962 : ''[[La marca del gavilán]]'' : René
* 1962 : ''[[El ángel exterminador]]''
* 1962 : ''[[Los amigos Maravilla]]''
* 1962 : ''[[El extra]]'' : Armando Duval
* 1962 : ''[[Los valientes no mueren]]''
* 1962 : ''[[Lástima de ropa]]'' : Ingeniero Kratzer
* 1962 : ''[[Pecado]]''
* 1962 : ''[[Tlayucan]]'' : Doroteo
* 1963 : ''[[Los amigos Maravilla en el mundo de la aventura]]''
* 1963 : ''[[La cabeza viviente]]'' : Detektiv asasine pa Xiu
* 1963 : ''[[Tiburoneros]]'' : El Costeño
* 1963 : ''[[El señor Tormenta]]''
* 1963 : ''[[Rostro infernal]]'' : Conde Brankovan
* 1963 : ''[[Tormenta en el ring]]''
* 1963 : ''[[La huella macabra]]'' : Conde Brankovan
* 1963 : ''[[Las vengadoras enmascaradas]]''
=== Televizyon ===
* 1962 : ''[[La herencia]]''
* 1963 : ''[[Lo imperdonable (1963, telenovela)|Lo imperdonable]]'' : Pwotagonis
* 1963 : ''[[La sombra del otro (1963, telenovela)|La sombra del otro]]''
* 1963 : ''[[Grandes ilusiones]]''
* 1964 : ''[[El dolor de vivir]]'' 
* 1964 : ''[[Tú eres un extraño]]''
* 1966 : ''[[El medio pelo]]''
* 1967 : ''[[Felipa Sánchez, la soldadera]]'' : López
* 1968 : ''[[Pueblo sin esperanza]]''
* 1968 : ''[[Duelo de pasiones (1968, telenovela)|Duelo de pasiones]]'' : Ángel 
* 1970 : ''[[La Constitución]]''
* 1971 : ''[[Lucía Sombra]]'' : Santiago Rangel
* 1971 : ''[[La maldición de la blonda]]'' 
* 1972 : ''[[El carruaje]]'' : Coronel Nicolás Romero/Pedro Meoqui/Sabás 
* 1973 : ''[[Mi rival]]''
* 1974 : ''[[Mundo de juguete]]''
* 1974 : ''[[La tierra (telenovela)|La tierra]]'' : Estrada
* 1977 : ''Yo no pedi vivir''
* 1979 : ''[[No tienes derecho a juzgarme]]''
* 1981 : ''Nosotras las mujeres'' : Manuel
* 1985-2006 : ''[[Mujer, casos de la vida real]]'' : Fermín
* 1987 : ''Senda de gloria''
* 1987 : ''El precio de la fama'' : Alfonso
* 1989 : ''Luz y sombra''
* 1990 : ''[[Cuando llega el amor]]'' : Rafael Contreras
* 1992 : ''De frente al sol '' : Daniel
* 1993-1994 : ''Más allá del puente'' : Daniel
* 1995-1996 : ''[[María la del Barrio]]'' : Jij (aparisyon espesyal)
* 1995 : ''[[Alondra (telenovela)|Alondra]]'' : Baldomero
* 1995-1996 : ''[[Lazos de amor]] '' : Sacerdote
* 1998 : ''[[La mentira (telenovela, 1998)|La mentira]]'' : Teodoro Fernández-Negrete 'Teo' (ko-Pwotagonis)
* 1999 : ''[[Nunca te olvidaré (telenovela)|Nunca te olvidaré]]'' : Licenciado Méndez||
* 1999-2000 : ''[[Cuento de Navidad (telenovela)|Cuento de Navidad]]'' (Mini-Seri tv)
* 1999-2000 : ''[[Mujeres engañadas]]'' : Jorge Martínez
* 2001 : ''[[Amigas y rivales]]'' : Don Roberto de la O
* 2003 : ''[[Niña Amada Mía (telenovela)|Niña amada mía]]'' :  Clemente Soriano
* 2004-2005 : ''[[Apuesta por un amor]]'' : Chepe Estrada
* 2006 : ''[[La Verdad Oculta|La verdad oculta]]'' : Gregorio Pineda
* 2007 : ''[[Mundo de fieras (telenovela, 2006)|Mundo de fieras]]'' : German
* 2007-2008 : ''[[Pasión (telenovela)|Pasión]]'' : Gaspar de Valdez
* 2008-2009 : ''[[Un gancho al corazón]]'' : Marcos Lerdo
* 2010 : ''[[Soy tu dueña]]'' : Federico Montesinos (aparisyon espesyal)
* 2011 : ''[[Como dice el dicho]]'', Epizòd : ''Dile que es hermosa'' : Rufino Sáenz 
* 2012 : ''[[Abismo de pasión]]'' : Lucio (wòl segondè)
* 2013-2014 : ''[[Lo que la vida me robó]]'' : Padre Anselmo (wòl segondè)
* 2015 : ''[[Que te perdone Dios]]'' : Don Bruno Flores Riquelme (aparisyon espesyal) 
* 2016 : ''[[Corazón que miente]]'' : Manuel Salvatierra (aparisyon espesyal)
* 2016 : ''[[Tres veces Ana]]'' : Evaristo Guerra (Antagonis prensipal)
* [[2017]] : ''[[Mi marido tiene familia]]'' : Hugo Aguilar Sr. 
* [[2020]] : ''[[La doña (telenovela, 2016)|La Doña 2]]'' : Jefe Ricardo Vidal&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/gossip/celebridades/eric-del-castillo-se-convierte-en-un-policia-corrupto-en-la-dona-2-4619603.html|title=Eric del Castillo se convierte en un policía corrupto en La Doña 2|accessdate=21 jen 2020|author=Alma Rosa Camacho {{!}} El Sol de|publisher=El Sol de México}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-

== Referans ==
{{referans}}

== Lyen deyò ==
* [https://archive.is/20130111083817/http://www.noveliando.com/actors/eric-del-castillo Eric del Castillo] sou noveliando.com

{{DEFAULTSORT:Castillo, Eric del}}
[[Kategori:Moun]]
[[Kategori:Aktè]]
[[Kategori:Aktè sinema]]
[[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]]
[[Kategori:Aktè teyat]]
[[Kategori:Aktè meksiken]]
[[Kategori:Reyalizatè meksiken]]
[[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1930]]</text>
      <sha1>d8qvkn8hx1hit0qufazro9532g1j6ld</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>882132</id>
      <parentid>881713</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T01:52:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>11567</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 */ nouvelle section</comment>
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      <text bytes="238801" sha1="9hpijqd6o43tau6h73kawnrxbdydnqh" xml:space="preserve">{{Achiv auto
 | recherche = oui
 | âge       = 90 jou
}}


== Modèl:Refsou ==

Is [[Modèl:Refsou]] the same as [[w:en:Template:Citation needed]]? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 19 jiyè 2024 à 17:14 (UTC)

:Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], Of course they are the same, and it is copied from the French version with translation into Haitian Creole [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 01:37 (UTC)
::So the same as [[Modèl:Referans nesesè]]? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 02:56 (UTC)

== Thank You for Your Contribution to Feminism and Folklore 2024! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|center|500px]]

{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikimedian,

We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor.

As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in organizing the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeHYAhFA9Q5vUs9UA1N45TOUxUdSNO8igGTmg4oPUL_qXS1EQ/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] by August 15th, 2024.

Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2025. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity.

Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia.

With warm regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''.
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 jiyè 2024 à 12:28 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;.
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-30 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:2019-11-16, Glockenspiel, Neues Münchner Rathaus, IMG 7463 edit Christoph Braun.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Rathaus-Glockenspiel''' is a large mechanical clock located in Marienplatz Square, in the heart of Munich, Germany. Famous for its life-size characters, the clock twice daily re-enacts scenes from Munich's history. First is the story of the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine in 1568, followed by the story of the Schäfflerstanz, also known as the coopers' dance. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 jiyè 2024 à 01:56 (UTC)''
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&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-31 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])&amp;#32;([[:nl:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek Schinkelstraat Amsterdam architect HH Baanders 1902.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek''' (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːdərlɑntsə koːkaːˈinəfaːˌbrik]; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 jiyè 2024 à 01:44 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-32 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Suffrage drama]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Pamphlet from NAWSA for women's suffrage plays, page 1.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Suffrage drama''' (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914. Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast. Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 out 2024 à 02:13 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-33 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Karatgurk]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:it:Karatgurk]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australian state of Victoria, the '''Karatgurk''' were seven sisters who represented the constellation known in western astronomy as the Pleiades. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 out 2024 à 02:13 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-34 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:B1 (classification)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''B1''' is a medical-based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class.

The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies.

Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 out 2024 à 01:56 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-35 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Erzi (village)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Caucasus, Ingushetia, Ингушские боевые и смотровые башни, горы Кавказа.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Erzi''' (Russian: Эрзи; Ingush: Аьрзи, romanized: Ärzi, lit. 'Eagle') is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Olgeti. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 out 2024 à 03:19 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-37 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cappadocian calendar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Cappadocian calendar''' was a solar calendar that was derived from the Persian Zoroastrian calendar. It is named after the historic region Cappadocia in present-day Turkey, where it was used. The calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each and five epagomenal days, originated between 550 and 330 BC, when Cappadocia was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Cappadocian calendar was identical to the Zoroastrian calendar; this can be seen in its structure, in the Avestan names and in the order of the months. The Cappadocian calendar reflects the Iranian cultural influence in the region. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 septanm 2024 à 01:42 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-39 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Independence Day (Albania)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Independence Day''' (Albanian: Dita e Pavarësisë) is a public holiday in Albania observed on 28 November. It commemorates the Albanian Declaration of Independence (from the Ottoman Empire), which was ratified by the All-Albanian Congress on 28 November 1912, establishing the state of Albania. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 septanm 2024 à 00:29 (UTC)
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== Voters ==

Have you invited eligible voters to [[Wikipedya:Administratè#Kitanago 2024-2025]], or would you like me to? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 27 septanm 2024 à 01:56 (UTC)

:Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], no I don't do it yet. Thanks for helping me! [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 01:32 (UTC)
::I'll post messages to the more active editors in [[Espesyal:ItilizatèAktif]].  (I have done this for admin elections here for years now.) [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 02:59 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-40 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Wildlife of Bahrain]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Birds in Al-Areen Wildlife Park.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The wildlife of the archipelago of Bahrain, is more varied than might be expected of this small group of islands in the Persian Gulf. Apart from a strip of the north and west of the main island, where crops are grown with irrigation, the land is arid. With a very hot dry summer, a mild winter, and brackish groundwater, the plants need adaptations in order to survive. Nevertheless, 196 species of higher plant have been recorded here, as well as about seventeen species of terrestrial mammals, many birds and reptiles, and many migratory birds visit the islands in autumn and spring. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 septanm 2024 à 01:57 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-42 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Little Danes experiment]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:آزمایش دانمارکی‌های کوچک]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Children play at a Danish Red Cross-run orphanage in Greenland.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''little Danes experiment''' was a 1951 Danish operation where 22 Greenlandic Inuit children were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as &quot;little Danes&quot;. While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while in Denmark, and sixteen returned to Greenland, only to be placed in Danish-speaking orphanages and never live with their families again. Half of the children experienced mental health disturbances, and half of them died in young adulthood. The government of Denmark officially apologised in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 oktòb 2024 à 03:16 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-43 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Kharayeb]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Muharram 1Oth-Ashouraa 2007 in Kharayeb - panoramio.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Kharayeb''' (Arabic: الخرايب) is a historic town in the Sidon District in the South Governorate, Lebanon. The town is 77 km (48 mi) south of Beirut, and stands at an average altitude of 190 m (620 ft) above sea level. The town boasts a rich historical legacy, with archaeological excavations revealing a complex settlement history spanning from Prehistory to the Ottoman period. Notably, Kharayeb's origins can be traced back to the Persian period (539–330 BC), when it played a pivotal role in the region's agricultural and economic landscape, culminating in the construction of its Phoenician temple around the 6th century BC. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 oktòb 2024 à 02:38 (UTC)
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== Request ==

Hi! Can you please take a look at [[:Kategori:Pou efase]]? Thanks, [[Itilizatè:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:TenWhile6|diskisyon]]) 25 oktòb 2024 à 09:36 (UTC)

:Okay [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 25 oktòb 2024 à 16:59 (UTC)

== Feminism and Folklores  2024 Organizers Feedback ==

Dear Organizer,
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | right | frameless]]

We extend our heartfelt gratitude for your invaluable contributions to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2024 Feminism and Folklore 2024]. Your dedication to promoting feminist perspectives on Wikimedia platforms has been instrumental in the campaign's success.

To better understand your initiatives and impact, we invite you to participate in a short survey (5-7 minutes). 

Your feedback will help us document your achievements in our report and showcase your story in our upcoming blog, highlighting the diversity of [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore] initiatives.

Click to participate in the [https://forms.gle/dSeoDP1r7S4KCrVZ6  survey]. 

By participating in the By participating in the survey, you help us share your efforts in reports and upcoming blogs. This will help showcase and amplify your work, inspiring others to join the movement.

The survey covers:
#Community engagement and participation
#Challenges and successes
#Partnership

Thank you again for your tireless efforts in promoting  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore].

Best regards,&lt;br&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 14:23, 26 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-44 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Christmas horror]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Terror navideño]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Christmascarol1843 -- 169.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Christmas horror''' is a fiction genre and film genre that incorporates horror elements into a seasonal setting. It is popular in multiple countries.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 oktòb 2024 à 02:05 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-45 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Placenta cake]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:simple:Placenta cake]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Bucharest, Greek pie-maker, 1880.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Placenta cake''' is a dish from ancient Greece and Rome consisting of many dough layers interspersed with a mixture of cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves, baked and then covered in honey. The dessert is mentioned in classical texts such as the Greek poems of Archestratos and Antiphanes, as well as the De agri cultura of Cato the Elder. It is often seen as the predecessor of baklava and börek. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 4 novanm 2024 à 02:17 (UTC)
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== [Reminder] Apply for Cycle 3 Grants by December 1st! ==

Dear Feminism and Folklore Organizers,

We hope this message finds you well. We are excited to inform you that the application window for Wikimedia Foundation's Cycle 3 of our grants is now open. Please ensure to submit your applications by December 1st.

For a comprehensive guide on how to apply, please refer to the Wiki Loves Folklore Grant Toolkit: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Grant_Toolkit

Additionally, you can find detailed information on the Rapid Grant timeline here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid#Timeline

We appreciate your continuous efforts and contributions to our campaigns. Should you have any questions or need further assistance, please do not hesitate to reach out:  '''support@wikilovesfolkore.org'''

Kind regards, &lt;br&gt;
On behalf of the Wiki Loves Folklore International Team. &lt;br&gt;
[[User:Joris Darlington Quarshie | Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[User talk:Joris Darlington Quarshie|talk]]) 08:39, 9 November 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-46 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Trisomy 16]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Chromosome 16.svg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Trisomy 16''' is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 11 novanm 2024 à 02:09 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-47 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Boana platanera]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Rana platanera - Boana platanera.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Boana platanera''''', commonly known as the banana tree dwelling frog, is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is distributed within Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago. Boana platanera was described in 2021, and individuals of the species were previously classified as Boana crepitans or Boana xerophylla. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 novanm 2024 à 02:53 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-48 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Wang Su-bok]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:وانگ سو بوک]])&amp;#32;([[:ko:왕수복]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Wang Su-bok''' was a singer from North Korea, who was the most popular singer in Japanese-occupied Korea in 1935. She was credited as a ground-breaking female artist, whose work led the way for the modern K-pop phenomenon. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 25 novanm 2024 à 01:57 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-49 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Storm Filomena]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Spain’s chilly blanket ESA22415247.jpeg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Storm Filomena''' was an extratropical cyclone in early January 2021 that was most notable for bringing unusually heavy snowfall to parts of Spain, with Madrid recording its heaviest snowfall in over a century, and with Portugal being hit less severely. The eighth named storm of the 2020–21 European windstorm season, Filomena formed over the Atlantic Ocean close to the Canary Islands on 7 January, subsequently taking a slow track north-eastwards towards the Iberian Peninsula and then eastwards across the Mediterranean Sea. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 desanm 2024 à 02:48 (UTC)
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== [Workshop] Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia ==

Dear Recipient,&lt;br&gt;
We are excited to invite you to the third workshop in our Advocacy series, part of the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign. This highly anticipated workshop, titled &lt;b&gt;&quot;Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia,&quot;&lt;/b&gt; will be led by the esteemed Alex Stinson, Lead Program Strategist at the Wikimedia Foundation. Don't miss this opportunity to gain valuable insights into forging effective partnerships.

===Workshop Objectives===
* &lt;b&gt;Introduction to Partnerships: &lt;/b&gt;Understand the importance of building win-win relationships within the Wikimedia movement.
* &lt;b&gt;Strategies for Collaboration: &lt;/b&gt;Learn practical strategies for identifying and fostering effective partnerships.
* &lt;b&gt;Case Studies:&lt;/b&gt; Explore real-world examples of successful partnerships in the Wikimedia community.
* &lt;b&gt;Interactive Discussions: &lt;/b&gt;Engage in discussions to share experiences and insights on collaboration and advocacy.

===Workshop Details===
📅 Date: 7th December 2024&lt;br&gt;
⏰ Time: 4:30 PM UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1733589000 Check your local time zone])&lt;br&gt;
📍 Venue: Zoom Meeting

===How to Join:===
Registration Link: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Identifying_Win-Win_Relationships_with_Partners_for_Wikimedia &lt;br&gt;
Meeting ID: 860 4444 3016 &lt;br&gt;
Passcode: 834088

We welcome participants to bring their diverse perspectives and stories as we drive into the collaborative opportunities within the Wikimedia movement. Together, we’ll explore how these partnerships can enhance our advocacy and community efforts.

Thank you,

Wiki Loves Folklore International Team

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 07:34, 03 December 2024 (UTC)
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== Evènman nan Nouyòk ==

Bonjou ! Demen, dimanch 8 desanm, pral gen yon ti evènman nan Nouyòk, kote mwen pral montre kèk moun ki pale kreyòl ayisyen ki jan yo edite Wikipedia. Nou pral petèt kreye ak modifye kèk atik. Ou se administratè a, donk mwen te vle fè w konnen sa. Mwen pa pale kreyòl ayisyen byen, men mwen ka li ak ekri kreyòl yon ti, ak mwen pral fè tout sa mwen kapab pou gade ki moun sa a edite byen. Mèsi ! [[Itilizatè:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Amire80|diskisyon]]) 7 desanm 2024 à 21:02 (UTC)

:Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Amire80|Amire80]] ! Pa gen pwoblèm, si ou ta bezwen sipò mwen, pa neglije kontakte m. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 7 desanm 2024 à 22:43 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-50 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Syrian literature]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Poem about Baybars page 1 from Hakawati book.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Syrian literature''' is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. The modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel as well as the Palestinian autonomous areas only came into being in the mid-20th century. Therefore, Syrian literature has since been referred to by literary scholarship as the national literature of the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as the works created in Arabic by Syrian writers in the diaspora. This literature has been influenced by the country's political history, the literature of other Arabic-speaking countries and, especially in its early days, by French literature. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 desanm 2024 à 01:59 (UTC)
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== Lang template ==

In [https://ht.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doctor_Who&amp;oldid=856014 this]: The {{tl|lang}} template here is meant to put a small (80%) language code in the article, like this: {{lang|en|Something}}.  It has mostly been used in the ==External links== section. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 12 desanm 2024 à 17:36 (UTC)

:Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], Likewise in wp fr this model is used to indicate the language of a text, of any word. I don't know yet, does it have another role? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 20:20 (UTC)
::I think that [[Template:Lang]] on this wiki might have been intended, when it was originally created, to correspond to [[w:en:Template:In lang]] and not [[w:en:Template:Lang]].  See [[Lis endikatif telefòn entènasyonal pa kòd zòn#Lyen ekstèn]] for one that uses both {{tl|en}} and also {{tl|lang|en||}}.  
::80% font size is okay for a note that says &lt;small&gt;(In English)&lt;/small&gt;.  It's not okay for text in the middle of an article, or in its title:   &quot;{{lang|en|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone}} is the first Harry Potter book.&quot;  Also, I don't really want to see &quot;(en)&quot; in ordinary sentences.
::For pure markup purposes, then the visual editor adds the codes (same menu as other character formatting):  &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;This is English&lt;/span&gt;. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 21:57 (UTC)
:::The majority of articles using this template are directly translated from French, mainly using machine translation. Therefore, it is used in the same way as in the French version. If this template were to be changed now, wouldn't it require increased monitoring of translations coming from French? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 22:32 (UTC)
::::Well... that depends on whether the translation method is &quot;Paste raw wikitext into Google Translate and hope that what comes out isn't too broken&quot; or &quot;Use the [[mw:Content translation]] tools, which are designed to map templates to their matching pairs via Wikidata&quot;.  Google Translate screws up all kinds of things (e.g., turning &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Link]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; into &lt;code&gt;[Link ] ]&lt;/code&gt;) so this would be just one more among hundreds of problems it creates. 
::::If we want to turn it into a way of wrapping some text in &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags, then we need to change the template. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 15 desanm 2024 à 02:11 (UTC)
:::::I understand, maybe it's a copy of the English or French version? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 03:28 (UTC)
::::::The creator here spoke French, but the creation of this template predates the creation of [[w:fr:Modèle:Lang]] (which has since been renamed &quot;Langue&quot;).  Meta-Wiki's and the English Wikipedia's are a couple of months older, but they don't match the formatting.   [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 20:07 (UTC)
:::::::In this sense what do you think is the best solution according to you? We must correct it immediately and avoid the same thing in future articles. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 21:38 (UTC)
::::::::I replaced the template with the one from the English version ([[:en:template:Lang]]) although it will have an effect on the articles that use it, but I think it is better to use it instead ([[:fr:Modèle:en langue]]) &lt;==&gt; ht :([[modèl:Nan lang]]) to better respond. Here you have to scrupulously monitor the articles automatically translated from the French version. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 17 desanm 2024 à 14:41 (UTC)
:::::::::That sounds good. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 19 desanm 2024 à 21:21 (UTC)
::::::::::Great [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 20 desanm 2024 à 18:47 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-51 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Mars ocean theory]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:AncientMars.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Mars ocean theory''' states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 01:45 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-52 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2023 Slovenia floods]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Sava v Tacnu 4. avgusta ob 16h.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 desanm 2024 à 02:55 (UTC)
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== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 in Your Country ==

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless]]

Dear Team,
My name is Joris Darlington Quarshie (user: Joris Darlington Quarshie), and I am the Event Coordinator for the Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 (WLF) International campaign.

Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 is a photographic competition aimed at highlighting folk culture worldwide. The annual international photography competition is held on Wikimedia Commons between the 1st of February and the 31st of March. This campaign invites photographers and enthusiasts of folk culture globally to showcase their local traditions, festivals, cultural practices, and other folk events by uploading photographs to Wikimedia Commons.

As we celebrate the seventh anniversary of Wiki Loves Folklore, the international team is thrilled to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and organizations worldwide to host a local edition in their respective countries. This is an opportunity to bring more visibility to the folk culture of your region and contribute valuable content to the internet.

* Please find the project page for this year’s edition at:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025
* To sign up and organize the event in your country, visit:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025/Organize

If you wish to organize your local edition in either February or March instead of both months, feel free to let us know.

In addition to the photographic competition, there will also be a Wikipedia writing competition called Feminism and Folklore, which focuses on topics related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture on Wikipedia.

We welcome your team to organize both the photo and writing campaigns or either one of them in your local Wiki edition. If you are unable to organize both campaigns, feel free to share this opportunity with other groups or organizations in your region that may be interested.

* You can find the Feminism and Folklore project page here:
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025

* The page to sign up is:
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page

For any questions or to discuss further collaboration, feel free to contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. If your team wishes to connect via a meeting to discuss this further, please let us know.

We look forward to your participation in Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 and to seeing the incredible folk culture of your region represented on Wikimedia Commons.

Sincerely,

The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 08:50, 27 December 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-01 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Uganda Railways Corporation]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Schienenverkehr in Uganda]])&amp;#32;([[:no:Uganda Railways Corporation]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:9620 mit Güterzug.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Uganda Railways Corporation''' (URC) is the parastatal railway of Uganda. It was formed after the breakup of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC) in 1977 when it took over the Ugandan part of the East African railways. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 desanm 2024 à 02:37 (UTC)
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== Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 ==

== Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;{{int:please-translate}}&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

My name is [[User:SAgbley|Stella Agbley]], and I am the Event Coordinator for the Feminism and Folklore 2025 (FnF) International campaign.

We're thrilled to announce the Feminism and Folklore 2025 writing competition, held in conjunction with Wiki Loves Folklore 2025! This initiative focuses on enriching Wikipedia with content related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture.

=== Why Host the Competition? ===
* Empower voices: Provide a platform for discussions on feminism and its intersection with folk culture.
* Enrich Wikipedia: Contribute valuable content to Wikipedia on underrepresented topics.
* Raise awareness: Increase global understanding of these important issues.

=== Exciting Prizes Await! ===
We're delighted to acknowledge outstanding contributions with a range of prizes:

**International Recognition:**
* 1st Prize: $300 USD
* 2nd Prize: $200 USD
* 3rd Prize: $100 USD
* Consolation Prizes (Top 10): $50 USD each

**Local Recognition (Details Coming Soon!):**
Each participating Wikipedia edition (out of 40+) will offer local prizes. Stay tuned for announcements!  
All prizes will be distributed in a convenient and accessible manner. Winners will receive major brand gift cards or vouchers equivalent to the prize value in their local currency.

=== Ready to Get Involved? ===
Learn more about Feminism and Folklore 2025: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 Feminism and Folklore 2025]  
Sign Up to Organize a Campaign: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page Campaign Sign-Up Page]

=== Collaboration is Key! ===
Whether you choose to organize both photo and writing competitions (Wiki Loves Folklore and Feminism and Folklore) or just one, we encourage your participation. If hosting isn't feasible, please share this opportunity with interested groups in your region.

=== Let's Collaborate! ===
For questions or to discuss further collaboration, please contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. We're happy to schedule a meeting to discuss details further.  
Together, let's celebrate women's voices and enrich Wikipedia with valuable content!

Thank you,  
**Wiki Loves Folklore International Team**

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:02, 05 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of &quot;national security&quot;. The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 janvye 2025 à 03:56 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:no:Julemerke]])&amp;#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 janvye 2025 à 02:24 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&amp;#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 janvye 2025 à 01:20 (UTC)
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== Thank you for being a medical contributors! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' 
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! 

Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs.

Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating].
|}

Thanks again :-)  -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000f1&quot;&gt;'''Doc James'''&lt;/span&gt;]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 26 janvye 2025 à 06:24 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam (&quot;Great Leader&quot;). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 janvye 2025 à 01:30 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 fevriye 2025 à 12:21 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 fevriye 2025 à 02:18 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer &quot;Yes&quot; or &quot;No&quot; to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 fevriye 2025 à 01:21 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&amp;#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative &quot;informal and ad-hoc group&quot; in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 fevriye 2025 à 02:23 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 mas 2025 à 01:50 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 mas 2025 à 02:50 (UTC)
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== Join Us Today: Amplify Women’s Stories on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}}

Dear {{PAGENAME}},
{{quote|Join us this International Women’s Month to uncover hidden stories and reshape cultural narratives! Dive into an interactive workshop where we’ll illuminate gaps in folklore and women’s history on Wikipedia—and take action to ensure their legacies are written into history.}}

Facilitated by '''Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight''', this workshop will explore how to identify and curate missing stories about women’s contributions to culture and heritage. Let’s work together to amplify voices that have been overlooked for far too long!

== Event Details ==
* '''📅 Date''': Today (15 March 2025)
* '''⏰ Time''': 4:00 PM UTC ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html Convert to your time zone])
* '''📍 Platform''': [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87522074523?pwd=0EEz1jfr4i9d9Nvdm3ioTaFdRGZojJ.1 Zoom Link]
* '''🔗 Session''': [[meta:Event:Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities|Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities]]
* '''🆔 Meeting ID''': 860 8747 3266
* '''🔑 Passcode''': FNF@2025

== Participation ==
Whether you’re a seasoned editor or new to Wikipedia, this is your chance to contribute to a more inclusive historical record. ''Bring your curiosity and passion—we’ll provide the tools and guidance!''

'''Let’s make history ''her'' story too.''' See you there!

Best regards,&lt;br&gt;
'''Joris Quarshie'''&lt;br&gt;
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:1em; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]  [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
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--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|msg]]) 07:15, 24 March 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&amp;#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive.

Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of &quot;immense artistic value&quot; by Le Monde. It has also been described as the &quot;Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema&quot; by The Guardian. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 mas 2025 à 01:57 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 mas 2025 à 01:59 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 31 mas 2025 à 03:52 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 7 avril 2025 à 01:54 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]]
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The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 avril 2025 à 02:27 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&amp;#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 avril 2025 à 02:24 (UTC)
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== Invitation: Gendering the Archive - Building Inclusive Folklore Repositories (April 30th) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}}
Dear {{PAGENAME}},

You are invited to a hands-on session focused on [[meta:Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation|Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation]]. This online workshop will guide participants on how to create, edit, and expand gender-inclusive folklore articles and multimedia archives on Wikipedia and Wikidata. The session will be led by Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu.

=== Objectives ===
* '''Design Inclusive Repositories:''' Learn best practices for structuring folklore archives that foreground gender perspectives.
* '''Hands-On Editing:''' Practice creating and improving articles and items on Wikipedia and Wikidata with a gender-inclusive lens.
* '''Collaborative Mapping:''' Work in small groups to plan new entries and multimedia uploads that document underrepresented voices.
* '''Advocacy &amp; Outreach:''' Discuss strategies to promote and sustain these repositories within your local and online communities.

=== Details ===
* '''Date:''' 30th April 2025
* '''Day:''' Wednesday
* '''Time:''' 16:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone])
* '''Venue:''' Online (Zoom)
* '''Speaker:''' Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu (Co-founder, Wikimedia Rwanda &amp; Community Engagement Director)

=== How to Join ===
* '''Zoom Link:''' [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/89158738825?pwd=ezEgXbAqwq9KEr499DvJxSzZyXSVQX Join here]
* '''Meeting ID:''' 891 5873 8825
* '''Passcode:''' FNF@2025
* '''Add to Calendar:''' [https://zoom.us/meeting/tZ0scuGvrTMiGNH4I3T7EEQmhuFJkuCHL7Ci/ics?meetingMasterEventId=Xv247OBKRMWeJJ9LSbX2hA Add to your calendar] ''''

=== Agenda ===
# Welcome &amp; Introductions: Opening remarks and participant roll-call.
# Presentation: Overview of gender-inclusive principles and examples of folklore archives.
# Hands-On Workshop: Step-by-step editing on Wikipedia and Wikidata—create or expand entries.
# Group Brainstorm: Plan future repository items in breakout groups.
# Q&amp;A &amp; Discussion: Share challenges, solutions, and next steps.
# Closing Remarks: Summarise key takeaways and outline follow-up actions.

We look forward to seeing you there!

Best regards,&lt;br&gt;
Stella&lt;br&gt;
Feminism and Folklore Organiser

-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 10:28, 24 April 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&amp;oldid=28399508 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 avril 2025 à 00:57 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 me 2025 à 07:29 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 me 2025 à 02:28 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&amp;#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 me 2025 à 02:33 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Tread plate]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato.

We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 me 2025 à 06:04 (UTC)
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== Kanada ==

Bonjou,

Nan paj [[Kanada]], mwen te wè ou te modifye infobox la avèk youn Wikipedya fransè. Tradiksyon an infobox sa a pa komplete, ou vle tradui li oubyen mwen ka fè sa mwen mèm ? (Petèt fen semèn sa a) [[Itilizatè:HalikhSovar78|HalikhSovar78]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:HalikhSovar78|diskisyon]]) 1 jen 2025 à 16:15 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&amp;#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 jen 2025 à 05:39 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 jen 2025 à 02:33 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Future self]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 jen 2025 à 02:18 (UTC)
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== You're invited: Feminism and Folklore Advocacy Session – June 20! ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

Hello {{PAGENAME}}

[[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg | right | frameless]]

We are pleased to invite you to an inspiring session in the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign Advocacy Series titled:

🎙️ Documenting Indigenous Women’s Wisdom: The Role of Grandmothers and Elders&lt;br&gt;
🗓 Friday, June 20, 2025&lt;br&gt;
⏰ 4:00 PM UTC&lt;br&gt;
🌍 Online – [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/86470824823?pwd=s7ruwuxrradtJNcZLVT9EyClb8g7ho.1 Zoom link]&lt;br&gt;
👤 Facilitator: Obiageli Ezeilo (Wiki for Senior Citizens Network)&lt;br&gt;

Join us as we explore how the oral teachings of grandmothers and elders preserve cultural heritage and influence today’s feminist movements. Learn how to document these narratives using Wikimedia platforms!

🔗 Event Page &amp; Details:
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Documenting_Indigenous_Women%E2%80%99s_Wisdom:_The_Role_of_Grandmothers_and_Elders

This session includes:&lt;br&gt;
✔️ A keynote presentation&lt;br&gt;
✔️ Story-sharing interactive segment&lt;br&gt;
✔️ Q&amp;A + tools for documenting women’s wisdom on Wikimedia&lt;br&gt;

We hope to see you there!

Warm regards,&lt;br&gt;
Stella&lt;br&gt;
On behalf of Feminism and Folklore Team&lt;br&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 23:49, 17 June 2025 (UTC)
 &lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&amp;#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 jen 2025 à 01:18 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 jen 2025 à 02:05 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-28 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Non-constituency Member of Parliament]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''Non-constituency Member of Parliament''' (NCMP) is a member of an opposition political party in Singapore who, as stipulated in Article 39 of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a Member of Parliament (MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a general election, by virtue of having been one of the opposition candidates with the highest vote shares among the unelected. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 7 jiyè 2025 à 02:10 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-29 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Immunolabeling]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Immunolabeling process image.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Immunolabeling''' is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. These antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody as well as a means of detection, called a tag, that is covalently linked to the antibody 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
---[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 jiyè 2025 à 13:44 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-30 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Vespa analis]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Plumpy hornet on the ground - 1.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Vespa analis''''', the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 jiyè 2025 à 01:28 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-31 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Baía dos Porcos - Fernando de Noronha (32811749914).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha) is a national park in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 jiyè 2025 à 01:40 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-32 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Xie Zhiliu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Xie Zhiliu''' (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 4 out 2025 à 01:21 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-33 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lethocerus patruelis]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lethocerus patruelis.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Lethocerus patruelis''''' is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is native to southeastern Europe, through Southwest Asia, to Pakistan, India and Burma. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 11 out 2025 à 02:20 (UTC)

(Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-34 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ikiza]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:CIA map of Burundi and surrounding countries during 1972 killings.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Ikiza''' (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 out 2025 à 02:43 (UTC)

(Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-35 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Corallite]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Recent azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) - ZooKeys-227-001-g004.jpeg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''corallite''' is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 25 out 2025 à 02:18 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-36 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Diksam Plateau]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Dixam plateau (6407168437).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Diksam Plateau''' or Dixam Plateau (Arabic: دكسم) is a limestone plateau in Socotra, Yemen. The Firmihin forest, located east of the Dirhur canyon within the plateau, has the highest concentration of Dragon's Blood Trees on the entire island. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 1 septanm 2025 à 02:40 (UTC)

(Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-37 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Ttongsul]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ja:トンスル]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Ttongsul (imitation).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''ttongsul''' (똥술), o vino di feci, è una tradizionale preparazione medicinale coreana con gradazione alcolica al 9% a base di feci, solitamente umane e preferibilmente di bambino. Nato probabilmente traendo spunto dalla medicina tradizionale cinese, nelle credenze popolari il vino di feci avrebbe proprietà benefiche per molti tipi di malesseri: sarebbe un rimedio per dolori muscolari, ustioni, infiammazioni, epilessia e fratture ossee.

Sebbene alcuni media occidentali abbiano in passato riportato che questa bevanda sia diffusa tra la popolazione coreana, al giorno d'oggi un numero molto limitato di persone ne fa uso, dopo aver subito un declino di popolarità nei secoli scorsi, tanto che la maggioranza dei giovani coreani non ne ha mai sentito parlare.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 8 septanm 2025 à 02:28 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-38 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pak Kum-chol]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Pak Kum-chol in 1961 (cropped).jpg|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pak Kum-chol''' was a North Korean politician. Having been a guerrilla during the anti-Japanese struggle, he became a high-ranking politician after the liberation of Korea. Pak aligned himself with his former guerrilla brothers in arms from the Kapsan Operation Committee to form a faction within the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) called the &quot;Kapsan faction&quot;. This faction sought to replace Kim Il Sung with Pak. Kim retaliated by purging the faction in 1967 in what is known as the Kapsan faction incident. 

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----
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 15 septanm 2025 à 02:18 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-39 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Federation of Central America (1921–1922)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Federación de Centro América (1921-1922)]])&amp;#32;([[:ar:اتحاد أمريكا الوسطى (1921-1922)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Central America's Northern Triangle (orthographic projection).png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Federation of Central America''' (Spanish: Federación de Centro América)[1] was a short-lived federal republic that existed in Central America between 1921 and 1922. The federation consisted of the Central American nations of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 septanm 2025 à 02:45 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-40 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Palazzo delle Poste (Latina)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Postelittoria2.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''Palazzo delle Poste''', fino al 1945 Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Littoria, è un edificio postale di Latina, situato in piazzale dei Bonificatori.

Costruito nel 1932 in stile razionalista con influenze futuriste, riscontrabili nell'utilizzo di ampie superfici vetrate e di volumi verticali, oltre che per la presenza di l’utilizzo di materiali e scelte di design molto in voga all'epoca come, come i mattoni a vista, il travertino di Tivoli e l'Anticorodal (una lega di alluminio), ospita l'ufficio postale Latina Centro. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 septanm 2025 à 00:58 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-41 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Majed Abu Maraheel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Majed Abu Maraheel''' was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 oktòb 2025 à 12:48 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-42 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Abortion in Eritrea]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In Eritrea, abortion is banned except on the grounds of pregnancy from rape or incest, pregnancy of a minor, or risk to physical or mental health. Legal abortions require medical or judicial approval. Prior to Eritrea's independence, it applied Ethiopia's abortion law of the 1950s, which banned abortion unless life-saving. After independence, the 1991 penal code adapted this law to lift punishments on abortions on the grounds of rape, incest, or risk to life or health, but legal abortions did not exist in effect. The penal codes of 2001 and 2015 required physicians to prove health grounds for abortion. Unsafe abortion is common and contributes to maternal mortality in Eritrea. Post-abortion care is unavailable in some regions. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 oktòb 2025 à 01:06 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-43 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Auschwitz Liberated January 1945.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' &quot;Final Solution&quot; to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind. The Soviet soldiers attempted to help the survivors and were shocked at the scale of Nazi crimes. The date is recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 oktòb 2025 à 02:04 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-44 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Black Diaries]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Black Diaries''' are diaries purported to have been written by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement, which contained accounts of homosexual liaisons with young men. They cover the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (two) and were handed in to Scotland Yard after his capture in April 1916. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 oktòb 2025 à 02:51 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-45 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Consolations (Liszt)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Franz Liszt - Consolation No. 3, Lento placido.ogg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Consolations''', S. 171a/172 (German: Tröstungen) are a set of six solo piano works by Franz Liszt. The compositions take the musical style of nocturnes with each having its own distinctive style. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 novanm 2025 à 01:52 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-46 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Marine coastal ecosystem]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Vegetation and fauna processes controlling benthic biogeochemical fluxes.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''marine coastal ecosystem''' is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity.

For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which thrive on low-energy shorelines in temperate and high-latitude areas, populated with salt-tolerant plants such as cordgrass and marsh elder that provide important nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 novanm 2025 à 01:54 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-47 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Elephant communication]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Three elephant's curly kisses.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Elephants communicate''' via touching, visual displays, vocalisations, seismic vibrations, and semiochemicals. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 novanm 2025 à 02:24 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-48 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Animal-made art]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Painting Queen 1024x768.png|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Animal-made art''' consists of works by non-human animals, that have been considered by humans to be artistic, including visual works, music, photography, and videography. Some of these are created naturally by animals, often as courtship displays, while others are created with human involvement.

There have been debates about the copyright status of these works, with the United States Copyright Office stating in 2014 that works that lack human authorship cannot have their copyright registered at the US Copyright Office. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 novanm 2025 à 02:13 (UTC)

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Bonjou Kitanago

Mwen ekri w jis pou w sa banm yon ti limyè 
Pou kisa apre konkou wiki kreyolo yo, pa g on kote 
Ki montre ganyan yo ak prim ke yo resevwa an?

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-49 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Halachic state]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The term &quot;'''halachic state'''&quot; (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה‎ Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish religious law. It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 1 desanm 2025 à 08:01 (UTC)

(Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-50 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:ru:Сто лошадей]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:One Hundred Horses]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:A_Hundred_Steeds.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''One Hundred Horses''''' (Chinese: 百駿圖) is a Qing dynasty silk and ink painting by Giuseppe Castiglione. It was painted in 1728 for the Yongzheng emperor. The painting depicts a hundred horses in a variety of poses and activities, combining Western realism with traditional Chinese composition and brushwork.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 8 desanm 2025 à 02:29 (UTC)

(Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.)
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== Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;{{int:please-translate}}&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Hope you’re doing well. I’m reaching out with some exciting updates about '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''. Thanks to the amazing support from organizers like you, the campaign has grown into one of the biggest and most collaborative initiatives in the entire Wikimedia movement. Your efforts have played a huge part in that, and we’re truly grateful. We’re hoping to make the 2026 edition even larger and even more community-driven.

We’d be very happy to have you join again as an organizer. The sign-up process is simple this year:

#Create your local event page (you can copy from the [[:m:Feminism_and_Folklore/Sample|sample]])
#Set up your Fountain or [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/campwiz/ CampWiz] campaign.
#Add your campaign link to the 2026 '''[[:m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2026/Project_Page|registration list]]'''

The focus of the campaign remains the same - creating or expanding Wikipedia content on feminism, women’s issues, gender topics, and diverse folk traditions from around the world. International and local prizes will continue as before.

'''Special Prize for 2026:'''

Every participant will receive a Wikipedia 25 digital postcard as a token of appreciation for contributing to the global movement during Wikipedia’s 25th anniversary year. This will be sent to all contributors who take part in the campaign.

We’re also adding an optional one-time internet and childcare support for organizers who may need extra assistance to carry out their local campaign. This is entirely optional and meant to help those who might otherwise face challenges in organizing. More details will be shared soon.

If you’re unable to organize this year, no worries at all - please feel free to share the invitation with others in your community who might be interested.

If you have any questions or would like to discuss plans, you can reach us on the [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026|talk page]] or by email.

Looking forward to collaborating again,

'''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''

--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 desanm 2025 à 18:18 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf25&amp;oldid=29792058 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-51 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:First Universal Races Congress]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Premier Congrès universel des races]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Universal Races Congress seated outside the entrance to the Imperial Institute, London, 1911.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''First Universal Races Congress''' met in 1911 for four days at the University of London as an early effort at anti-racism. Speakers from a number of countries discussed race relations and how to improve them. The congress, with 2,100 attendees, was organised by prominent humanists of that era. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 15 desanm 2025 à 01:56 (UTC)

(Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-52 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pin Malakul]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Pin Malakul, January 1922.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pin Malakul''' (24 October 1903 – 5 October 1995) was a Thai professor, educator and writer. His contributions to education in Thailand include the establishment of various institutions of higher education, the introduction of fixed class schedules, and the implementation of teacher-training programmes. In his career he served as Director-General of the Department of General Education, later becoming Permanent Secretary, and Minister, of Education. He was also a member of the executive board of UNESCO. His writings earned him the title of National Artist in 1987, and the 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by the UNESCO in 2003 as recognition of his contribution to the advancement of education in Thailand and Southeast Asia. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
-[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 desanm 2025 à 02:26 (UTC)

(Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.)
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== Atik ==

Men mwen pral montre w atik sa a: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic&lt;/nowiki&gt; Sa a se yon mizisyen franse ki pa byen koni, li pa gen notoryete pou l gen yon atik sou Wikipedya. Li kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li. Atik sa a li menm te kreye l epi li gen anpil enfòmasyon trivial sou li, sa ki fè l fè pwomosyon pou tèt li isit la. Pèsonn pa konnen enfòmasyon sa yo sou li eksepte tèt li. Li se yon sockpuppet ki te deja pini anvan e menm yo te bloke kont li, men li kreye plizyè kont kòmsi li te yon sockpuppet pou l evite pinisyon. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&amp;#126;2025-42618-52|&amp;#126;2025-42618-52]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&amp;#126;2025-42618-52|discussion]]) 23 desanm 2025 à 13:23 (UTC)

:The user of the request above is using one of Amy Ivy's temporary accounts. This user is blocked on most other versions of Wikipedia for vandalism and spam, and they're doing it again; it's all they do all day. They enjoy destroying articles with small accounts and a large number of temporary ones. Look at Amy Ivy's main account to see for yourself. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&amp;#126;2025-42722-69|&amp;#126;2025-42722-69]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&amp;#126;2025-42722-69|discussion]]) 24 desanm 2025 à 14:14 (UTC)
::Hello @[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]], this article has now been improved and sources have been added. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&amp;#126;2025-43035-10|&amp;#126;2025-43035-10]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&amp;#126;2025-43035-10|discussion]]) 26 desanm 2025 à 03:55 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-01 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:The Morning of the Magicians]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Le Matin des magiciens, couverture.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''The Morning of the Magicians: Introduction to Fantastic Realism''''' (French: Le Matin des magiciens: Introduction au réalisme fantastique) is a 1960 book by the journalists Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier. It covers topics like cryptohistory, ufology, occultism in Nazism, alchemy, spiritual philosophy. The second half of the book is entirely dedicated to the Nazi-Occult connections; the book is widely credited with the proliferation of numerous myths related to occultism in Nazism. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 desanm 2025 à 02:20 (UTC)

(Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.)
&lt;!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=29802495 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-02 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Somaliland War of Independence]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Somaliland, fighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM), 1980s.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Somaliland War of Independence''' was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 janvye 2026 à 03:00 (UTC)

(Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.)
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== Atik ==

Gade atik nèg sa a; li pa satisfè kondisyon notoryete yo. Mizisyen sa a pa popilè, men l ap eseye ak tout pri pou l jwenn yon atik Wikipedya. Li deja kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li isit la. Se yon moun sòt; li ekri atik yo sou tèt li. Donk m ap mande w, kijan yon nèg konsa moun pa konnen ka gen tout enfòmasyon sa yo isit la? Menm bagay pèsonèl li yo nan atik sa a; li menm li ekri l, pa vre? San mansyone nouvèl sa yo, ki te piblikasyon peye oswa ki te ekri sou lòd li pou fè pwomosyon pou tèt li. Se yon moun ki anvi atansyon ak validasyon, men Wikipedya gen kritè pa l, epi li pa satisfè yo. Analize l epi efase l. →&lt;nowiki&gt;[https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic]&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&amp;#126;2026-11261-6|&amp;#126;2026-11261-6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&amp;#126;2026-11261-6|discussion]]) 6 janvye 2026 à 14:07 (UTC)

:Bypassing [[metawiki:Special:CentralAuth/AmyIvy|AmyIvy]]&lt;nowiki&gt; user block through multiple temporary accounts + continuous spam and vandalism despite the warnings and blockages ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&amp;#126;2026-11577-7|&amp;#126;2026-11577-7]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&amp;#126;2026-11577-7|discussion]]) 6 janvye 2026 à 14:28 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-03 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Pietro Lauro]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Pietro Lauro]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Master I.A.V.F., Pietro Lauro, born 1508, Modenese Poet and Scholar (obverse), 1555, NGA 45072.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pietro Lauro''', conosciuto anche come Pietro Lauro Modonese o Pietro Lauro da Modona (Modena o dintorni, 1510 circa – Venezia, 1568 circa) è stato un traduttore, scrittore e divulgatore scientifico italiano. Nonostante non si conosca gran parte della sua biografia, fu uno dei poligrafi italiani più conosciuti del Cinquecento. La sua produzione raccoglie traduzioni dal latino, dal greco e dallo spagnolo e riguardano opere di autori classici, stranieri e protestanti. Lauro si dimostrò abile nel trattare testi con temi molto diversi, come la filosofia, l'architettura, la medicina, il giardinaggio, l'agronomia, le scienze biologiche, la storia, la teologia e l'astronomia. Si cimentò anche nella scrittura di un poema cavalleresco sullo stile di quelli spagnoli, il Polendo, sua magnum opus in questo senso.

Aderente alla Riforma protestante, sebbene le sue trasposizioni siano state oggetto di critiche già degli autori a lui contemporanei, che le giudicarono troppo letterali, rozze e imparziali, a Lauro si deve il merito di aver ultimato la traduzione in lingua volgare di numerosi testi sia classici, sia scientifici, sia epistolari. I suoi lavori ebbero una notevole diffusione, non solo tra i letterati veneziani della sua epoca, ma in tutta Italia, tanto che alcune sue traduzioni vengono ancora oggi ristampate in nuove edizioni. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 janvye 2026 à 01:45 (UTC)

(Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;padding: 1em 2em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026

Dear {{BASEPAGENAME}},

We are pleased to invite you to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and women.

;What Can Participants Write About?
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances
* Women and queer figures in folklore
* Women in mythology and oral traditions
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]]
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline
#* Local and international prizes
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
*For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.
* Join the office hours on 23 January 2026 and connect with the international Team. ([[:m:Event:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 Office Hours|sign up now]])

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 janvye 2026 à 16:31 (UTC)
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== Vandalis twòp sou yon peryòd tan ki long ==

Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]], yon itilizatè ki bloke pou abi kont ak vandalis ap itilize plizyè kont tanporè pou kontourne bloke a epi vandalize ansiklopedi a. Yo regilyèman vize menm atik la, retire paragraf ak sous nan medya serye menm apre yo fin etabli lejitimite atik la. Li ta pi bon pou pran aksyon kont plizyè kont tanporè pwoblèmatik sa yo oswa pou pwoteje paj la. Mèsi. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&amp;#126;2026-38626-5|&amp;#126;2026-38626-5]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&amp;#126;2026-38626-5|discussion]]) 18 janvye 2026 à 22:51 (UTC)

:Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]], moun ki kache dèyè kont tanporè yo pou vandalize a frape ankò. Piske yo pa gen anyen pi bon pou yo fè ak lavi yo, ou ta dwe pran mezi pou anpeche yo kontinye deranje Wikipedya. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&amp;#126;2026-51934-9|&amp;#126;2026-51934-9]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&amp;#126;2026-51934-9|discussion]]) 24 janvye 2026 à 11:30 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-04 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Volto di Palazzo Vecchio]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Piazza della signoria angolo via della ninna, palazzo vecchio, cantonata con testa scolpita 02.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''volto di Palazzo Vecchio''' (conosciuto anche come L'importuno o L'inopportuno) è un incisione su pietraforte attibuita a Michelangelo Buonarroti, scolpita in una delle pietre di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze.

Secondo le varie leggende, il profilo sarebbe stato realizzato come graffito dall'artista toscano, con soggetto un suo importunatore, un debitore, un condannato a morte o se stesso. Nel 2020, gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato possa invece trattarsi di un ritratto di Francesco Granacci, pittore amico di Michelangelo. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 janvye 2026 à 02:14 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-05 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Raffaello Kobayashi]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Raffaello Kobayashi]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Raffaello Kobayashi''', nato Raffaele Sanzio (Bari, 14 gennaio 1917 – Yokohama, 1 aprile 2011), è stato un militare italiano naturalizzato giapponese.

Sommergibilista durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, prestò servizio per tutte e tre le principali Potenze dell'Asse: Regno d'Italia, Germania nazista e Impero giapponese. Alla fine della guerra si nascose in Giappone per evitare di subire l'internamento in un campo di prigionia, divenendo poi cittadino nipponico e cambiando il proprio nome.

Prese parte all'affondamento della HMS Calypso nel 1940, primo successo italiano in campo navale nel corso del conflitto mondiale. Con l'abbattimento di un bombardiere statunitense il 22 agosto 1945, otto giorni dopo il discorso di resa del Giappone alle potenze alleate della seconda guerra mondiale, a bordo del Comandante Cappellini, sarebbe stata l'ultima persona in assoluto a mettere fuori combattimento un velivolo degli Alleati nella stessa guerra. 

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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 janvye 2026 à 02:05 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-06 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Censorship in the Czech Republic]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:cs:Cenzura v Česku]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Censorship in the Czech Republic''' had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and the fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic was ranked as the 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 fevriye 2026 à 02:32 (UTC)

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== Atik ==

Gade atik nèg sa a; li pa satisfè kondisyon notoryete yo. Mizisyen sa a pa popilè, men l ap eseye ak tout pri pou l jwenn yon atik Wikipedya. Li deja kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li isit la. Se yon moun sòt; li ekri atik yo sou tèt li. Donk m ap mande w, kijan yon nèg konsa moun pa konnen ka gen tout enfòmasyon sa yo isit la? Menm bagay pèsonèl li yo nan atik sa a; li menm li ekri l, pa vre? San mansyone nouvèl sa yo, ki te piblikasyon peye oswa ki te ekri sou lòd li pou fè pwomosyon pou tèt li. Se yon moun ki anvi atansyon ak validasyon, men Wikipedya gen kritè pa l, epi li pa satisfè yo. Analize l epi efase l. →&lt;nowiki&gt;https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&amp;#126;2026-72028-6|&amp;#126;2026-72028-6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&amp;#126;2026-72028-6|discussion]]) 2 fevriye 2026 à 13:44 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-07 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Jacquemart de Hesdin 002.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry''' is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 fevriye 2026 à 03:59 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-08 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lysmata grabhami]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lysmata grabhami1.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Lysmata grabhami''''' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family Hippolytidae. It was first described by Gordon in 1935. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean and is a cleaner shrimp, operating a cleaning station to which fish come to have parasites removed. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 fevriye 2026 à 13:45 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-09 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Elefante di Cremona]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Elefant von Cremona]])&amp;#32;([[:eo:Elefanto de Cremona]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Matthew Paris Elephant from Parker MS 16 fol 151v.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
L''''elefante di Cremona''' (Asia, prima del 1228 - Parma, gennaio 1248) fu un esemplare di elefante donato nel 1228 a Federico II di Svevia da parte del sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil durante gli incontri che porteranno alla Pace di Giaffa. Usato principalmente per le manifestazioni trionfali del sovrano, l'elefante è citato da numerosi cronachisti e testimoni dell'epoca ed è noto per aver trainato il Carroccio dopo la grande vittoria delle armate di Federico II nella battaglia di Cortenuova del 1237. Rimasto a lungo nell'immaginario popolare collettivo, l'animale venne ucciso durante alcuni scontri occorsi nelle settimane immediatamente precedenti alla battaglia di Parma. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 fevriye 2026 à 11:43 (UTC)

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== Atik ==

Gade atik nèg sa a; li pa satisfè kondisyon notoryete yo. Mizisyen sa a pa popilè, men l ap eseye ak tout pri pou l jwenn yon atik Wikipedya. Li deja kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li isit la. Se yon moun sòt; li ekri atik yo sou tèt li. Donk m ap mande w, kijan yon nèg konsa moun pa konnen ka gen tout enfòmasyon sa yo isit la? Menm bagay pèsonèl li yo nan atik sa a; li menm li ekri l, pa vre? San mansyone nouvèl sa yo, ki te piblikasyon peye oswa ki te ekri sou lòd li pou fè pwomosyon pou tèt li. Se yon moun ki anvi atansyon ak validasyon, men Wikipedya gen kritè pa l, epi li pa satisfè yo. Analize l epi efase l. →&lt;nowiki&gt;https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&amp;#126;2026-12378-61|&amp;#126;2026-12378-61]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&amp;#126;2026-12378-61|discussion]]) 25 fevriye 2026 à 18:44 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-10 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Treaty of the Danish West Indies]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:The Virgin islands of the United States of America; historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures, and resources (1918) (14596880870).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Treaty of the Danish West Indies''' (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024) and a declaration from the United States that it would &quot;not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland&quot;. It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 mas 2026 à 02:43 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-11 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Steens Mountain]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Steens Mountain near Andrews, Oregon.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Steens Mountain''' is a large fault-block mountain in the northwest United States, located in Harney County, Oregon. Stretching some fifty miles (80 km) north to south, on its east side it rises from the Alvord Desert at an elevation of about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) to 9,738 feet (2,968 m) at the summit. Steens Mountain is not part of a mountain range but is properly a single mountain, the largest of Oregon's fault-block mountains. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 mas 2026 à 07:31 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-12 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Casque (anatomy)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''casque''' is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 mas 2026 à 02:43 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-13 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Etruscan sculpture]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Frontone A del grande tempio di luni con concilio degli dei, 175-150 ac. ca. 01.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Etruscan sculpture''' was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy between about the 9th century BC and the 1st century BC. Etruscan art was largely a derivation of Greek art, although developed with many characteristics of its own. Given the almost total lack of Etruscan written documents, a problem compounded by the paucity of information on their language—still largely undeciphered—it is in their art that the keys to the reconstruction of their history are to be found, although Greek and Roman chronicles are also of great help. Like its culture in general, Etruscan sculpture has many obscure aspects for scholars, being the subject of controversy and forcing them to propose their interpretations always tentatively, but the consensus is that it was part of the most important and original legacy of Italian art and even contributed significantly to the initial formation of the artistic traditions of ancient Rome. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 mas 2026 à 02:07 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-14 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pulse (nightclub)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Orlando FL Pulse Nightclub01.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pulse''' was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-deadliest mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the second-deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured. 

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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 mas 2026 à 02:37 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-15 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Tofana di Rozes]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Tofana di Rozes 04.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Tofana di Rozes''' (3,225 metres (10,581 ft)) is a mountain of the Dolomites in the Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. Located west of the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo, the mountain's giant three-edged pyramid shape and its vertical south face, above the Falzarego Pass, makes it the most popular peak in the Tofane group, and one of the most popular in the Dolomites. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 avril 2026 à 12:27 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 avril 2026 à 02:56 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 avril 2026 à 02:34 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-18 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Platypus venom]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Platypus spur.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The platypus is one of the few living mammals to produce venom. The venom is made in venom glands that are connected to hollow spurs on their hind legs; it is primarily made during the mating season.[1] While the venom's effects are described as extremely painful, it is not lethal to humans. Many archaic mammal groups possess similar tarsal spurs, so it is thought that, rather than having developed this characteristic uniquely, the platypus simply inherited this characteristic from its ancestors. Rather than being a unique outlier, the platypus is the last demonstration of what was once a common mammalian characteristic, and it can be used as a model for non-therian mammals and their venom delivery and properties. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 avril 2026 à 02:04 (UTC)

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== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 28 avril 2026 à 18:33 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-19 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Kuwait National Assembly Building]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Kuwait City Arabian Gulf Street 10.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Kuwait National Assembly Building''' is the building that housed the National Assembly of Kuwait.

Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in 1972, it was completed in 1982 under the direction of his son Jan. The structural design was by Max Walt. The building was seriously damaged in February 1991 when retreating Iraqi troops set it on fire but has since been restored. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 4 me 2026 à 12:16 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Macau National Security Law]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lei relative à defesa da segurança do Estado projecto.JPG|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Macau National Security Law''' is a law in Macau which prohibits and punishes acts of treason, secession, and subversion against the Central government, as well as preparative acts leading to any of the three acts. Taken into effect on 3 March 2009, the purpose of the law is to fulfil Article 23 of the Macau Basic Law, the de facto constitution of the Macau Special Administration Region. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 11 me 2026 à 02:53 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&amp;#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 me 2026 à 04:05 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as &quot;The Forbidden Fruit&quot;). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a &quot;scientific fraud&quot;. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 25 me 2026 à 02:32 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Umuganda&quot;Rwandan community work&quot;.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine.

The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 1 jen 2026 à 01:55 (UTC)

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:kr:주령구]])&amp;#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata.

L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-25 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cape Fiolent]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Beach of Cape Fiolent, Crimea.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Cape Fiolent''' (Crimean Tatar: Felenk Burun; Ukrainian: Фіолент; Russian: Фиолент; Latin: Parthenium), also historically called Cape Fiolente, is a cape and nature reserve (zakaznik) located in southern Sevastopol, a city within Crimea that is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but currently occupied by Russia since 2014. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Renovating Action Party]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Partido de Acción Renovadora]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Flag of the Renovating Action Party.svg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Renovating Action Party''' was a left-wing Salvadoran political party that existed from 1944 to 1967. The party had three distinct phases of its existence under the leaderships of Colonel José Asencio Menéndez (1944–1950), the old line (1950–1964), and the new line (1964–1967). 

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  <page>
    <title>Corazón que miente</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>882125</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-21T23:06:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>25431</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="8058" sha1="ekb48tuc4hqax3666i3bkgn81j8gumq" xml:space="preserve">'''''Corazón que miente''''' se yon [[telenovela]] meksiken pwodui pa [[MaPat López de Zatarain]] pou [[Televisa]] nan lane 2016, soti sou [[Canal de las Estrellas]].
== Rezime ==

== Ekip teknik ==

== Aktè ==
* [[Thelma Madrigal]] kòm Mariela Salvatierra Morán&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{cite web
|url=http://www.tvbmas.com/2015/10/thelma-madrigal-y-pablo-lyle-corazon-que-miente.html
|title=Thelma Madrigal y Pablo Lyle tendrán un Corazón Que Miente|auteur= 
|website=TV B+
|date=5 oktòb 2015
|access-date=13 janvye 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Pablo Lyle]] kòm Alonso Ferrer Castellanos&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{cite web|url=http://www.espectaculosatiempo.com/2015/09/24/pablo-lyle-sera-el-protagonista-de-corazon-que-miente/|title=Pablo Lyle será el protagonista de Corazón Que Miente|auteur=|website=Espectaculos a tiempo|date=24 septanm 2015|access-date=13 janvye 2016|archive-date=2016-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221013208/http://www.espectaculosatiempo.com/2015/09/24/pablo-lyle-sera-el-protagonista-de-corazon-que-miente/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Diego Olivera]] kòm Leonardo del Rio Solórzano&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{cite web
|url=http://www.mastelenovelas.com/2015/10/elenco-telenovela-corazon-que-miente.html#more
|title=Elenco de la telenovela Corazón que miente
|website=mastelenovelas.com
|access-date=16 oktòb 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* [[Alejandro Tommasi]] kòm Demián Ferrer Bilbatúa&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{cite web
|url=http://television.televisa.com/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente/personajes/2016-01-29/demian-ferrer-bilbatua/
|title=Demián Ferrer Bilbatúa
|website=televisa.com
|date=29 janvye 2016
|access-date=5 fevriye 2016
|archive-date=2017-04-10
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410211313/http://television.televisa.com/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente/personajes/2016-01-29/demian-ferrer-bilbatua/
|dead-url=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dulce María]] kòm Renata Ferrer Jauregui&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{cite web
|url=http://www.holaciudad.com/entretenimiento/novelas/Dulce-Maria-villana-implacable-Corazon-miente_0_869313306.html
|title=Dulce María será una villana implacable en ‘Corazón que miente’|auteur= 
|website=Hola Ciudad
|date=8 desanm 2015
|access-date=13 janvye 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Federico Ayos]] kòm Santiago Ferrer Castellanos&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{cite web
|url=http://television.televisa.com/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente/personajes/2016-01-29/santiago-ferrer-castellanos/
|title=Santiago Ferrer Castellanos
|website=televisa.com
|date=29 janvye 2016
|access-date=5 fevriye 2016
|archive-date=2017-04-10
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410211348/http://television.televisa.com/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente/personajes/2016-01-29/santiago-ferrer-castellanos/
|dead-url=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* [[Alexis Ayala]] kòm Pè Daniel Ferrer Bilbatúa&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{cite web
|url=http://www.radioformula.com.mx/notas.asp?Idn=538478&amp;idFC=2015
|title=Alexis Ayala será un sacerdote en &quot;Corazón que miente&quot;
|website=radioformula.com.mx
|author=Maxine Woodside
|access-date=7 oktòb 2015
|archive-date=2015-12-08
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208070042/http://www.radioformula.com.mx/notas.asp?Idn=538478&amp;idFC=2015
|dead-url=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mayrín Villanueva]] kòm Lucia Castellanos Sáenz de Ferrer&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{cite web
|url=http://www.tvyespectaculos.com/2015/10/07/mayrin-villanueva-en-corazon-que-miente/
|title=Mayrín Villanueva en Corazón que miente
|website=tvyespectaculos.com
|date=7 oktòb 2015
|access-date=7 oktòb 2015
|archive-date=2015-10-09
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009085031/http://www.tvyespectaculos.com/2015/10/07/mayrin-villanueva-en-corazon-que-miente/
|dead-url=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* [[Helena Rojo]] kòm Sara Sáenz vda. de Castellanos&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{cite web
|url=http://television.televisa.com/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente/personajes/2016-01-29/sara-saenz-viuda-castellanos/
|title=Sara Sáenz Viuda de Castellanos
|website=televisa.com
|date=29 janvye 2016
|access-date=5 fevriye 2016
|archive-date=2017-04-10
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410211353/http://television.televisa.com/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente/personajes/2016-01-29/sara-saenz-viuda-castellanos/
|dead-url=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[María Sorté]] kòm Carmen Oceguera&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{cite web
|url=http://television.televisa.com/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente/personajes/2016-01-29/carmen-oceguera/
|title=Carmen Oceguera
|website=televisa.com
|date=29 janvye 2016
|access-date=5 fevriye 2016
|archive-date=2017-04-10
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410211302/http://television.televisa.com/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente/personajes/2016-01-29/carmen-oceguera/
|dead-url=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Alejandro Ávila]] kòm Rogelio Medina Sánchez
* [[Eric del Castillo]] kòm Manuel Salvatierra Neri&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{cite web
|url=http://www.mastelenovelas.com/2016/02/conoce-los-personajes-telenovela-corazon-que-miente.html
|title=Conoce a los personajes de la telenovela Corazón que miente
|website=mastelenovelas.com
|access-date=5 fevriye 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Lourdes Reyes]] kòm Rafaela del Moral Sáenz de Ferrer&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{cite web
|url=http://television.televisa.com/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente/personajes/2016-01-29/rafaela-moral-saenz/
|title=Rafaela del Moral Sáenz
|website=televisa.com
|date=29 janvye 2016
|access-date=5 fevriye 2016
|archive-date=2017-04-10
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410211338/http://television.televisa.com/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente/personajes/2016-01-29/rafaela-moral-saenz/
|dead-url=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Fátima Torre]] kòm Leticia Valdiva González, rele Lety&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{cite web
|title=Lety Valdivia González
|url=http://television.televisa.com/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente/personajes/2016-01-29/lety-valdivia-gonzalez/
|website=televisa.com
|date=29 janvye 2016
|access-date=5 fevriye 2016
|archive-date=2017-04-10
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410211323/http://television.televisa.com/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente/personajes/2016-01-29/lety-valdivia-gonzalez/
|dead-url=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Vanesa Restrepo]] kòm Denise  Shapiro Berlanga&lt;ref&gt;{{es}} {{cite web
|url=http://peru.com/entretenimiento/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente-detalles-rol-vanesa-restrepo-novela-noticia-413445
|title=Corazón que miente: Detalles del rol de Vanesa Restrepo en novela
|website=peru.com
|access-date=26 oktòb 2015
|archive-date=2019-04-24
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424210815/https://peru.com/entretenimiento/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente-detalles-rol-vanesa-restrepo-novela-noticia-413445
|dead-url=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* [[Gerardo Murguía]] kòm Eduardo Moliner Arredondo
* [[Jorge Ortín]] kòm Noé Valdivia Pérez
* [[Jessica Segura]] kòm Cirila Reyes Medina
* [[Ricardo Margaleff]] kòm Cristian Mena Souza
* [[Alejandra Procuna]] kòm Elena Solís Saldívar
* [[Jessica Mas]] kòm Karla Bustos de Moliner
* [[Jessica Decote]] kòm Florencia Moliner Bustos
* [[David Palacio]] kòm Julio Solís Saldívar
* [[Emmanuel Palomares]] kòm Lisandro Moliner Bustos
* [[Arturo Muñoz]] kòm Cefiro
* [[Benjamín Islas]] kòm Mario Preciado
* [[Alejandra Jurado]] kòm Amalia González de Valdivia
* [[Iliana de la Garza]] kòm Eva
* [[Lorena Álvarez]] kòm Tía Martha
* [[Mónica Zorti]] kòm Marcia
* [[Ricardo Crespo]] kòm Fabricio
* [[Ricardo Guerra]] kòm Zanabria
* [[Ricardo Vera]] kòm Preciado
* [[Rubén Cerda]] kòm Antonio Miranda
* [[Vicente Torres]] kòm Ponciano
* [[Nikolas Caballero]] kòm Alonso Ferrer Castellanos (timoun)
* [[Valentina Hazouri]] kòm Mariela Salvatierra Morán (timoun)
* [[Santiago Torres]] kòm Santiago Ferrer Castellanos (timoun)
* [[Montserrat García]] kòm Leticia Valdivia González, &quot;Lety&quot; (timoun)

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5373374/reference Corazón que miente] sou IMDb
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160207055124/http://television.televisa.com/telenovelas/corazon-que-miente/ Sitwèb ofisyèl Corazón que miente] sou televisa.com

[[Kategori:2016]]
[[Kategori:Televizyon]]
[[Kategori:Telenovela]]
[[Kategori:Telenovela meksiken]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gérard Philipe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>71319</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882109</id>
      <parentid>728919</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T19:02:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882109</origin>
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'''Gérard Philip'''&lt;ref&gt;Maurice Perisset, ''Gérard Philipe ou la jeunesse du monde'', Éditions Alain Lefeuvre, 1979, {{p.|22}}&lt;/ref&gt;, rele '''Gérard Philipe''', ki fèt [[4 desanm]] [[1922]] nan [[Cannes]]  epi ki ùouri [[25 novanm]] [[1959]] nan [[Pari]], se yon [[aktè]] [[Frans|franse]].
== Biyografi ==
== Zèv li yo ==
=== Fimografi ===
* [[1944]] : ''[[Les Petites du quai aux fleurs]]'' de [[Marc Allégret]] : Jérôme Hardy
* [[1945]] : ''[[Le Pays sans étoiles (fim, 1946)|Le Pays sans étoiles]]'' de [[Georges Lacombe (reyalizatè)|Georges Lacombe]] : ''Simon Le Gouge ak Frédéric Talacayud, clerc de notaire''
* [[1945]] : ''[[La Boîte aux rêves]]'' d’[[Yves Allégret]] ak [[Jean Choux]] : ''une silhouette dans le film''
* [[1945]] : ''[[Schéma d'une identification]]'', [[court métrage]] inédit d'[[Alain Resnais]] : ''Le viveur en smoking''
* [[1946]] : ''[[L'Idiot (fim, 1946)|L’Idiot]]'' de [[Georges Lampin]] : ''Le prince Mnychkine, naïf d'esprit''
* [[1946]] : ''[[Ouvert pour cause d'inventaire]]'', [[kout fim]] inedi d'[[Alain Resnais]]
* [[1947]] : ''[[Le Diable au corps (fim, 1947)|Le Diable au corps]]'' de [[Claude Autant-Lara]] : François Jaubert
* [[1947]] : ''[[La Chartreuse de Parme (fim, 1948)|La Chartreuse de Parme]]'' de [[Christian-Jaque]] : Maki Fabrice Del Dongo
* [[1948]] : ''[[Les Drames du Bois de Boulogne]]'', [[kout fim]] de [[Jacques Loew]] 
* [[1948]] : ''[[Une si jolie petite plage]]'' d’[[Yves Allégret]] : Pierre Monet, vwayajè
* [[1948]] : ''[[Tous les chemins mènent à Rome (fim, 1949)|Tous les chemins mènent à Rome]]'' de [[Jean Boyer (reyalizatè)|Jean Boyer]] : Gabriel Pégase, jewomèt
* [[1949]] : ''[[La Beauté du diable (fim, 1950)|La Beauté du diable]]'' de [[René Clair]] : ''Méphistophélès et Henri Faust, jeune''
* [[1949]] : ''Visite à Picasso'', [[kout fim]] dokimantè de [[Paul Haesaerts]] : ''récitant du film''
* [[1950]] : ''[[Souvenirs perdus]]'' de [[Christian-Jaque]] : ''Gérard de Narcay, le fou évadé de l’asile''
* [[1950]] : ''[[Juliette ou la Clé des songes (fim)|Juliette ou la Clé des songes]]'' de [[Marcel Carné]] : ''Michel, le rêveur qui recherche Juliette''
* [[1950]] : ''[[La Ronde (fim, 1950)|La Ronde]]'' de [[Max Ophüls]] : ''Le comte''
* [[1950]] : ''Saint-Louis, ou L'Ange de la paix'', [[kout fim]], [[dokimantè]] de [[Robert Darène]] 
* [[1950]] : ''[[La paix vaincra]]'', [[dokimantè]] polonè de [[Joris Ivens]] 
* [[1950]] : ''[[Avec André Gide]]'', dokimantè de [[Marc Allégret]] : ''commentaire''
* [[1951]] : ''Avignon, bastion de la Provence'', [[kout fim]] de [[James Guenet]] : li menm
* [[1951]] : ''[[Vedettes sans maquillage]]'', [[kout fim]] de [[Jacques Guillon (reyalizatè)|Jacques Guillon]] : li menm
* [[1951]] : ''[[Fanfan la Tulipe (fim, 1952)|Fanfan la Tulipe]]'' de [[Christian-Jaque]] : Fanfan la Tulipe
* [[1951]] : ''[[Les Sept Péchés capitaux (fim, 1952)|Les Sept Péchés capitaux]]'', sketch ''Le Huitième péché'' de [[Georges Lacombe (1902-1990)|Georges Lacombe]] : ''Le bonimenteur et le peintre''
* [[1951]] : ''Fêtes galantes : Le peintre Watteau'', kout fim, [[documentaire]] de [[Jean Aurel]] 
* [[1952]] : ''[[Les Belles de nuit (fim)|Les Belles de nuit]]'' de [[René Clair]] : ''Claude, obscur compositeur de musique''
* [[1953]] : ''[[Les Amants de Villa Borghese]]'' (Villa Borghese), sketch ''Gli amanti'', de [[Gianni Franciolini]] : ''Carlo, l'amant de Valeria''
* [[1953]] : ''[[Les Orgueilleux]]'' d’[[Yves Allégret]] : ''Georges, ancien médecin alcoolique''
* [[1953]] : ''[[Monsieur Ripois]]'' de [[René Clément]] : ''Mr André Ripois, mari de Catherine''
* [[1953]] : ''[[Si Versailles m'était conté...]]'' de [[Sacha Guitry]] : ''D'Artagnan''
* [[1954]] : ''[[Le Rouge et le Noir (fim, 1954)|Le Rouge et le Noir]]'' de [[Claude Autant-Lara]] : ''[[Julien Sorel]]''
* [[1954]] : ''[[Forêt sacrée]]'', kout fim, dokimantè de [[Pierre-Dominique Gaisseau]] : ''commentaire''
* [[1955]] : ''[[Sur les rivages de l'Ambre]]'', [[court métrage]], [[documentaire]] de [[Jerzy Kalin]] : ''commentaire''
* [[1955]] : ''[[Les Grandes Manœuvres]]'' de [[René Clair]] : ''Armand de La Verne, lieutenant des dragons''
* [[1955]] : ''[[Si Paris nous était conté]]'' de [[Sacha Guitry]] : ''Le chanteur des rues''
* [[1955]] : ''[[La Meilleure Part]]'' d’[[Yves Allégret]] : ''Philippe Perrin, l’ingénieur sur le barrage''
* [[1956]] : ''[[Les Aventures de Till l’Espiègle]]'' de Gérard Philipe ak [[Joris Ivens]] : ''[[Till l’Espiègle]]''
* [[1956]] : ''[[Le Théâtre national populaire]]'', [[court métrage]] de [[Georges Franju]] : li menm
* [[1957]] : ''[[Montparnasse 19]]'' de [[Jacques Becker]] : ''Amédéo Modigliani, artiste peintre''
* [[1957]] : ''[[Pot-Bouille (fim)|Pot-Bouille]]'' de [[Julien Duvivier]] : ''Octave Mouret, premier commis de « Au bonheur des dames »''
* [[1958]] : ''[[La Vie à deux]]'' de [[Clément Duhour]] : ''Désiré, le valet de chambre''
* [[1958]] : ''[[Le Joueur (fim, 1958)|Le Joueur]]'' de [[Claude Autant-Lara]] : ''Alexei Ivanovitch, le jeune Moscovite''
* [[1959]] : ''[[Les Liaisons dangereuses 1960]]'' de [[Roger Vadim]] : ''Le vicomte de Valmont''
* [[1959]] : ''[[La fièvre monte à El Pao]]'' de [[Luis Buñuel]] : Ramon Vasquez
== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/&amp;id=nm0679959 Gérard Philipe] sou IMDb

{{DEFAULTSORT:Philipe, Gérard}}
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[[Kategori:Nesans nan Oksitani]]
[[Kategori:Aktè ki soti Oksitani]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>882110</id>
      <parentid>882109</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T19:03:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882110</origin>
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      <text bytes="5711" sha1="mjybwubfyd9ve7axbq1r1r4s1gsu57m" xml:space="preserve">
'''Gérard Philip'''&lt;ref&gt;Maurice Perisset, ''Gérard Philipe ou la jeunesse du monde'', Éditions Alain Lefeuvre, 1979, {{p.|22}}&lt;/ref&gt;, rele '''Gérard Philipe''', ki fèt [[4 desanm]] [[1922]] nan [[Cannes]]  ([[Provence]]) epi ki ùouri [[25 novanm]] [[1959]] nan [[Pari]], se yon [[aktè]] [[Frans|franse]].
== Biyografi ==
== Zèv li yo ==
=== Fimografi ===
* [[1944]] : ''[[Les Petites du quai aux fleurs]]'' de [[Marc Allégret]] : Jérôme Hardy
* [[1945]] : ''[[Le Pays sans étoiles (fim, 1946)|Le Pays sans étoiles]]'' de [[Georges Lacombe (reyalizatè)|Georges Lacombe]] : ''Simon Le Gouge ak Frédéric Talacayud, clerc de notaire''
* [[1945]] : ''[[La Boîte aux rêves]]'' d’[[Yves Allégret]] ak [[Jean Choux]] : ''une silhouette dans le film''
* [[1945]] : ''[[Schéma d'une identification]]'', [[court métrage]] inédit d'[[Alain Resnais]] : ''Le viveur en smoking''
* [[1946]] : ''[[L'Idiot (fim, 1946)|L’Idiot]]'' de [[Georges Lampin]] : ''Le prince Mnychkine, naïf d'esprit''
* [[1946]] : ''[[Ouvert pour cause d'inventaire]]'', [[kout fim]] inedi d'[[Alain Resnais]]
* [[1947]] : ''[[Le Diable au corps (fim, 1947)|Le Diable au corps]]'' de [[Claude Autant-Lara]] : François Jaubert
* [[1947]] : ''[[La Chartreuse de Parme (fim, 1948)|La Chartreuse de Parme]]'' de [[Christian-Jaque]] : Maki Fabrice Del Dongo
* [[1948]] : ''[[Les Drames du Bois de Boulogne]]'', [[kout fim]] de [[Jacques Loew]] 
* [[1948]] : ''[[Une si jolie petite plage]]'' d’[[Yves Allégret]] : Pierre Monet, vwayajè
* [[1948]] : ''[[Tous les chemins mènent à Rome (fim, 1949)|Tous les chemins mènent à Rome]]'' de [[Jean Boyer (reyalizatè)|Jean Boyer]] : Gabriel Pégase, jewomèt
* [[1949]] : ''[[La Beauté du diable (fim, 1950)|La Beauté du diable]]'' de [[René Clair]] : ''Méphistophélès et Henri Faust, jeune''
* [[1949]] : ''Visite à Picasso'', [[kout fim]] dokimantè de [[Paul Haesaerts]] : ''récitant du film''
* [[1950]] : ''[[Souvenirs perdus]]'' de [[Christian-Jaque]] : ''Gérard de Narcay, le fou évadé de l’asile''
* [[1950]] : ''[[Juliette ou la Clé des songes (fim)|Juliette ou la Clé des songes]]'' de [[Marcel Carné]] : ''Michel, le rêveur qui recherche Juliette''
* [[1950]] : ''[[La Ronde (fim, 1950)|La Ronde]]'' de [[Max Ophüls]] : ''Le comte''
* [[1950]] : ''Saint-Louis, ou L'Ange de la paix'', [[kout fim]], [[dokimantè]] de [[Robert Darène]] 
* [[1950]] : ''[[La paix vaincra]]'', [[dokimantè]] polonè de [[Joris Ivens]] 
* [[1950]] : ''[[Avec André Gide]]'', dokimantè de [[Marc Allégret]] : ''commentaire''
* [[1951]] : ''Avignon, bastion de la Provence'', [[kout fim]] de [[James Guenet]] : li menm
* [[1951]] : ''[[Vedettes sans maquillage]]'', [[kout fim]] de [[Jacques Guillon (reyalizatè)|Jacques Guillon]] : li menm
* [[1951]] : ''[[Fanfan la Tulipe (fim, 1952)|Fanfan la Tulipe]]'' de [[Christian-Jaque]] : Fanfan la Tulipe
* [[1951]] : ''[[Les Sept Péchés capitaux (fim, 1952)|Les Sept Péchés capitaux]]'', sketch ''Le Huitième péché'' de [[Georges Lacombe (1902-1990)|Georges Lacombe]] : ''Le bonimenteur et le peintre''
* [[1951]] : ''Fêtes galantes : Le peintre Watteau'', kout fim, [[documentaire]] de [[Jean Aurel]] 
* [[1952]] : ''[[Les Belles de nuit (fim)|Les Belles de nuit]]'' de [[René Clair]] : ''Claude, obscur compositeur de musique''
* [[1953]] : ''[[Les Amants de Villa Borghese]]'' (Villa Borghese), sketch ''Gli amanti'', de [[Gianni Franciolini]] : ''Carlo, l'amant de Valeria''
* [[1953]] : ''[[Les Orgueilleux]]'' d’[[Yves Allégret]] : ''Georges, ancien médecin alcoolique''
* [[1953]] : ''[[Monsieur Ripois]]'' de [[René Clément]] : ''Mr André Ripois, mari de Catherine''
* [[1953]] : ''[[Si Versailles m'était conté...]]'' de [[Sacha Guitry]] : ''D'Artagnan''
* [[1954]] : ''[[Le Rouge et le Noir (fim, 1954)|Le Rouge et le Noir]]'' de [[Claude Autant-Lara]] : ''[[Julien Sorel]]''
* [[1954]] : ''[[Forêt sacrée]]'', kout fim, dokimantè de [[Pierre-Dominique Gaisseau]] : ''commentaire''
* [[1955]] : ''[[Sur les rivages de l'Ambre]]'', [[court métrage]], [[documentaire]] de [[Jerzy Kalin]] : ''commentaire''
* [[1955]] : ''[[Les Grandes Manœuvres]]'' de [[René Clair]] : ''Armand de La Verne, lieutenant des dragons''
* [[1955]] : ''[[Si Paris nous était conté]]'' de [[Sacha Guitry]] : ''Le chanteur des rues''
* [[1955]] : ''[[La Meilleure Part]]'' d’[[Yves Allégret]] : ''Philippe Perrin, l’ingénieur sur le barrage''
* [[1956]] : ''[[Les Aventures de Till l’Espiègle]]'' de Gérard Philipe ak [[Joris Ivens]] : ''[[Till l’Espiègle]]''
* [[1956]] : ''[[Le Théâtre national populaire]]'', [[court métrage]] de [[Georges Franju]] : li menm
* [[1957]] : ''[[Montparnasse 19]]'' de [[Jacques Becker]] : ''Amédéo Modigliani, artiste peintre''
* [[1957]] : ''[[Pot-Bouille (fim)|Pot-Bouille]]'' de [[Julien Duvivier]] : ''Octave Mouret, premier commis de « Au bonheur des dames »''
* [[1958]] : ''[[La Vie à deux]]'' de [[Clément Duhour]] : ''Désiré, le valet de chambre''
* [[1958]] : ''[[Le Joueur (fim, 1958)|Le Joueur]]'' de [[Claude Autant-Lara]] : ''Alexei Ivanovitch, le jeune Moscovite''
* [[1959]] : ''[[Les Liaisons dangereuses 1960]]'' de [[Roger Vadim]] : ''Le vicomte de Valmont''
* [[1959]] : ''[[La fièvre monte à El Pao]]'' de [[Luis Buñuel]] : Ramon Vasquez
== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/&amp;id=nm0679959 Gérard Philipe] sou IMDb

{{DEFAULTSORT:Philipe, Gérard}}
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[[Kategori:Lanmò 1959]]
[[Kategori:Nesans nan Oksitani]]
[[Kategori:Aktè ki soti Oksitani]]</text>
      <sha1>mjybwubfyd9ve7axbq1r1r4s1gsu57m</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>.ht</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>71556</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882136</id>
      <parentid>729609</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T09:17:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NVNkz</username>
        <id>39537</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>882136</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="293" sha1="iu3x42o8rtvlg3jq6pi94ldgds8a607" xml:space="preserve">'''.ht''' se domèn nasyonal  nan premye nivo (domaine national de premier niveau  : '''ccTLD''' ) rezève pou [[Ayiti]] . 

== Gade tou ==
* [[Lis domèn Entènèt premye nivo]]

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==

[[Kategori:Kòd entènèt peyi]]
[[Kategori:Kominikasyon an Ayiti]]</text>
      <sha1>iu3x42o8rtvlg3jq6pi94ldgds8a607</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Grégory Montel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>72759</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882105</id>
      <parentid>735801</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:54:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882105</origin>
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'''Grégory Montel''' se yon [[aktè]] [[Frans|franse]], ki fèt [[20 septanm]] [[1976]] nan [[Digne-les-Bains]] nan depatman [[Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.commeaucinema.com/personne/gregory-montel,266361
 |title=Grégory Montel
 |website= commeaucinema.com
 |accessdate= 3 novanm 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{,}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web
 |url=http://dirigeants.bfmtv.com/Gr-gory-MONTEL-5183254/
 |title=Grégory Montel
 |website= bfmtv.com
 |accessdate= 3 novanm 2015}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
== Biyografi ==
== Zèv li yo ==
=== Sinema ===
* [[2008]] : ''[[Bientôt j'arrête]]'' de [[Léa Fazer]] (kout fim) : touye
* [[2012]] : ''[[L'Air de rien (fim, 2012)|L'Air de rien]]'' de [[Grégory Magne]], [[Stéphane Viard]] : Grégory Morel
* [[2014]] : ''[[Maestro (fim)|Maestro]]'' de Léa Fazer : Sam
* [[2014]] : ''[[Les Trois Frères : Le Retour]]'' de [[Didier Bourdon]], [[Bernard Campan]] ak [[Pascal Légitimus]] : prezantatè telereyalite
* [[2017]] : ''[[Cherchez la femme (fim, 2017)|Cherchez la femme]]'' de [[Sou Abadi]] : ajan Garnier
* [[2017]] : ''[[Embrasse-moi !]]'' d'[[Oshen|Océane-Rose-Marie]] ak [[Cyprien Vial]] : Ludo
* [[2017]] : ''[[Diane a les épaules]]'' de [[Fabien Gorgeart]] : Jacques
* [[2018]] : ''[[Les Chatouilles]]'' d'[[Andréa Bescond]] ak [[Éric Métayer]] : Lenny
* [[2019]] : ''[[L'Heure de la sortie]]'' de [[Sébastien Marnier]] : Cédric
* [[2019]] : ''[[Moi, maman, ma mère et moi]]'' de [[Christophe Le Masne]] : Benoît Mounier

=== Televizyon ===
* [[2007]] : [[Le Clan Pasquier (seri)|''Le Clan Pasquier'']] de [[Joëlle Goron]] ak [[Jean-Daniel Verhaeghe]] (mini-seri) : Brenugat
* [[2007]] : ''[[Si c'était lui...]]'' de [[Anne-Marie Étienne]] (fim tv) : Bruno Suchet
* [[2008]] : ''[[Raboliot (fim)|Raboliot]]'' de [[Jean-Daniel Verhaeghe]] (fim tv) : Sacerlotte
* [[2012]] : ''[[Vive la colo !]]'' (sezon 2 - 3 epizòd) : Boris
* [[2012]] : ''[[V.R.P. (fim)|V.R.P.]]'' de [[Christophe Colonel]] (fim tv)
* Depi [[2015]] : ''[[Dix pour cent]]'' (seri) : Gabriel Sarda
* [[2016]] : ''[[Loin de chez nous]]'' (seri) : Kapitèn Bellech
* [[2017]] : ''[[La Soif de vivre]]'' de [[Lorenzo Gabriele]] : Vincent
* [[2018]] : ''[[Vivre sans eux]]'' de [[Jacques Maillot (reyalizatè)|Jacques Maillot]] : Olivier
* [[2019]] : ''[[Le Grand Bazar (seri)|Le Grand Bazar]]'' de [[Baya Kasmi]] (seri) : Nicolas

=== Tankou reyalizatè ===
* [[2019]] : ''Les chiens aboient'' (kout fim)

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2771436/ Grégory Montel] sou IMDb
* [http://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=132714.html?nopub=1 Grégory Montel] sou allocine.fr

{{DEFAULTSORT:Montel, Grégory}}
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[[Kategori:Aktè ki soti Oksitani]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Laëtitia Milot</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>73196</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882100</id>
      <parentid>772870</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:36:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882100</origin>
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      <text bytes="2560" sha1="dsb93a2zg3r33h6oc5ytekj5hul2o3g" xml:space="preserve">{{moun
|non=Laëtitia Milot
|foto=La%C3%ABtitia_Milot_et_moi.jpg
|tèks=Laëtitia Milot (2010)
|fonksyon=aktris, mannken, chantèz
|domèn=Televizyon, mizik
|diplòm=
|etid=
|dat nesans=[[5 jiyè]] [[1980]]
|lye nesans=[[Limoges]]
|peyi nesans=[[Frans]]
|dat lanmò=
|lye lanmò=
|peyi lanmò=
|nasyonalite=franse
|relijyon=
|rezidans=
|kontak=
|Biyografi=
|zèv=
|omaj=
|rekonpans=
|remak=
|fim=
}}
'''Laëtitia Milot''', ki fèt [[5 jiyè]] [[1980]] nan [[Limoges]] ([[Frans]]), se yon [[Aktè|aktris]], [[Mannkina|mannken]], [[ekriven]] ak [[chantèz]] [[Frans|fransèz]].
== Biyografi ==
== Zèv li yo ==
=== Televizyon ===
* 2000 : ''[[Un homme en colère (seri)|Un homme en colère]]'' 
* 2001 : ''Alors méfie !''
* 2002 : ''[[Une femme d'honneur]]'' (epizòd ''Double Cœur'') : Sophie, sekretè Vaucluse Sécurité
* 2002 : ''[[Avocats et Associés]]'' (seri)
* 2004-2018 : ''[[Plus belle la vie]]'' (seri) : Mélanie Rinato, sèvèz nan Mistral
* 2008 : ''Les Empreintes du temps'' : Irène Monnier
* 2008 : ''[[SOS 18]]'' (seri) : Cora
* 2012 : ''[[Enquêtes réservées]]'' (seri) : Corinne Medri
* 2012 : ''La Crèche des hommes'' :  Magalie
* 2013-2014 : ''[[Nos chers voisins]]'' (seri) : Constance, kouzin Alex Volange
* 2014 : ''[[Camping Paradis]]'' (seri) : Lætitia
* 2015 : ''[[On se retrouvera (fim)|On se retrouvera]]'' (fim tv) : Margot
* 2016 : ''[[Meurtres à Avignon]]'' (fim) : Julie Ravel
* 2016-2017 : ''[[La Vengeance aux yeux clairs]]'' (seri) : Olivia Alessandri
* 2016 : ''[[La Femme aux cheveux rouges (fim, 2016)|La Femme aux cheveux rouges]]'' (fim) : Constance Lacassan
* 2017 : ''[[Quand je serai grande je te tuerai]]'' (fim) : Jeanne
* 2018 : ''[[Coup de foudre à Bora Bora]]'' (fim) : Valentine
* 2018 : ''Devenir maman : notre combat contre l'endométriose'' (dokimantè) : li menm
* 2018 : ''[[Un bébé pour Noël]]'' (fim) : Noémie
* 2019 : ''[[Olivia (seri)|Olivia]]'' (seri) : Olivia Alessandri
* 2020 : ''[[Réunions]]'' (seri) : Chloé

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1717593/ Laëtitia Milot] sou IMDb
* [http://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=128151.html?nopub=1 Laëtitia Milot] sou allocine.fr
* [http://www.lm-laetitia-milot.com/ Sitwèb ofisyèl Laëtitia Milot]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Milot, Laëtitia}}
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[[Kategori:Aktè ki soti Oksitani]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Meaghan Rath</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>73641</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882127</id>
      <parentid>739481</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T23:31:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dostojewskij</username>
        <id>12489</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fichye:Meaghan Rath - Untitled Home Invasion Romance.jpg</comment>
      <origin>882127</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2855" sha1="azu1jfgid1xgwyxpwbzznz3fctgmupc" xml:space="preserve">[[Fichye:Meaghan Rath - Untitled Home Invasion Romance.jpg|thumb|Meaghan Rath (2026)]]
'''Meaghan Rath''', ki fèt [[18 jen]] [[1986]] nan [[Monreyal]] nan [[Kebèk]] ([[Kanada]]), se yon [[Aktè|aktris]] [[Kanada|kanadyèn]].
== Biyografi ==
== Zèv li yo ==
== Filmographie ==
=== Sinema ===
* [[2001]] : ''[[Lost and Delirious|Rebelles]]'' (''Lost and Delirious'') de [[Lea Pool]] : yon zanmi Allison #3
* [[2008]] : ''[[Prom Wars: Love Is a Battlefield]]'' de [[Phil Price]] : Jen L.
* [[2010]] : ''[[You Are So Undead]]'' de [[Alex Epstein]]  (kout fim) : Mary Margaret
* [[2013]] : ''[[Three Night Stand]]'' de [[Pat Kiely]] : Sue
* [[2017]] : ''[[Another Kind of Wedding]]'' de [[Pat Kiely]] : Lyla
* [[2017]] : ''[[The Trustee]]'' de [[Michael Engler]]  (kout fim) : Eliza Radley
* [[2018]] : ''[[The Clinic (fim, 2018)|The Clinic]]'' de [[Darrell Wheat]] : Doktè Lane

=== Televizyon ===
* [[2004]] : ''[[Fries with That?]]'' (seri) : Customer / Molly
* [[2004]]-[[2006]] : ''[[15/A]]'' de [[Derek Schreyer]] ak [[Karen Troubetzkoy]] (seri) : Adena Stiles
* [[2006]] : ''[[Magnitude 10,5 : L'Apocalypse]]'' (fim) : Rachel
* [[2007]] : ''[[Heartland (seri)|Heartland]]'' (seri) : Jen
* [[2007]] : ''[[Le Secret de ma fille]]'' (''My Daughter's Secret'') de [[Douglas Jackson (reyalizatè)|Douglas Jackson]] (fim) : Courtney
* [[2007]] : ''[[Mon mariage avec moi]]'' de [[Craig Pryce]] (fim) : Tracy
* [[2009]] : ''[[The Assistants]]'' de [[Will McRobb]] ak [[Chris Viscardi]] (seri) : Rigby Hastings
* [[2009]] : ''[[Aaron Stone]]'' (seri) : Tatianna Caine 
* [[2010]]-[[2011]] : ''[[Majeurs et mariés]]'' (seri) : Erin Boyd/Violet
* [[2011]]-[[2014]] : ''[[Being Human (seri)|Being Human (US)]]'' de [[Toby Whitehouse]] (seri)  : Sally Malik
* [[2011]] : ''[[Le Mur de l'humiliation]]'' (''Cyberbully'') (fim) : Cheyenne Mortenson
* [[2014]] : ''[[Kingdom (seri, 2014)|Kingdom]]'' (seri) : Tatiana
* [[2015]] : ''[[Banshee (seri)|Banshee]]'' (seri) : Aimee King
* [[2015]] : ''[[New Girl]]'' (seri) : May
* [[2015]] : ''[[Motive]]'' (seri) : Ella Rollins
* [[2016]] : [[Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life|''Cooper Barrett's Guide To Surviving Life'']] (seri) : Kelly
* [[2016]] : ''[[Secrets and Lies (seri, 2015)|Secrets and Lies]]'' (seri) : Sè Jess
* [[2017]]- : ''[[Hawaii 5-0 (seri)|Hawaii 5-0]]'' (seri) : Tani Rey 
* [[2017]] : ''[[Rogue (seri)|Rogue]]'' : Clea Annoue
* [[2018]] : ''[[Schitt's Creek]]'' : Klair

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1012010/ Meaghan Rath] sou IMDb
* [http://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=162365.html Meaghan Rath] sou allocine.fr

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rath, Meaghan}}
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[[Kategori:Fanm]]
[[Kategori:Aktè]]
[[Kategori:Aktè sinema]]
[[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]]
[[Kategori:Aktè kanadyen]]
[[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1986]]</text>
      <sha1>azu1jfgid1xgwyxpwbzznz3fctgmupc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74050</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882082</id>
      <parentid>881832</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T16:42:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882082</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3843" sha1="anpi6ynwrhic2ugrat9j18zsdayq95m" xml:space="preserve">[[Fichye:Parçans d'Occitania Regions of Occitania Pays d'Occitania.png|thumb|Rejyon istorik nan Oksitani.]]
[[Fichye:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|thumb|Drapo oksitan.]]

'''Oksitani''' (''Occitània'' nan [[lang oksitan]]) se yon rejyon kiltirèl ak istorik nan sidwès [[Ewòp]]. Eleman prensipal ki karakterize li se kilti li yo ak lang li yo, [[Lang oksitan|lang d'ok]] la ki te ba li non li.

Pifò nan Oksitani se kounye a ki sitiye nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] kote, depi [[2016]], yon [[Oksitani (rejyon administratif)|rejyon administratif]] ki pi piti te gen menm non an.

'''Oksitani''' konpoze de sèt pwovens istorik:

'''1/ Languedoc''', abrevyasyon pou &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc&quot; (Tè Lang Oksitan an), koresponn apeprè ak aks Toulouse-Mediterane a, ki gen ladan Pays de Foix, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Béziers, ak Montpellier. &quot;Occitania,&quot; ki te ban nou &quot;Occitanie&quot; an franse, se te senpleman fòm laten medyeval &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc.&quot;

'''2/ Guyenne''', pafwa yo rele &quot;Haut Languedoc&quot; (Anwo Languedoc). Sa a se pwovens ki pi santral nan Oksitani. Li se yon pwovens ki gen anpil mòn (&quot;Haut&quot;), li travèse sid Masif Santral la soti nan lwès rive nan lès, li soti Bergerac (nan Dordogne) rive Alès (nan Gard), li pase nan Cahors, Montauban, Albi, ak Rodez. Aurillac, byenke li nan Cantal, li pi asosye ak Guyenne pase ak Auvergne. Mo &quot;Guyenne&quot; a se yon koripsyon medyeval &quot;Aquitaine.&quot; Pwovens Guyenne nan gen ladan l, an patikilye, Quercy, Rouergue, Gévaudan, ak Cévennes yo.

'''3/ Gascogne (Gascony)'''. Pwovens sa a koresponn apeprè ak triyang ki fòme pa kòt Atlantik la, rivyè Garonne nan, ak mòn Pirene yo. Pi gwo vil nan Gascony se Bòdo, men Auch (nan Armagnac) konsidere kòm kapital istorik li. Pau te jwe yon wòl politik enpòtan tou nan tan lontan, li te kapital Prensip Béarn epi pita Wayòm Basse-Navarre la. Konurbasyon Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) la se yon zòn tranzisyon ibrid ant Oksitani ak Peyi Bask la. Val d'Aran, pati ki pi sid nan Comminges, fè pati Gascony tou. Karakteristik inik nan ti vale Pirene sa a se ke li fè pati Espay, e kontrèman ak Lafrans, Oksitan (nan fòm Gaskon lokal li ke yo rekonèt kòm &quot;Aranés&quot;) gen estati ko-ofisyèl ansanm ak Katalan ak Panyòl.

'''4/ Auvergne (Ovègn)'''. Sitiye nan nòdès Oksitanie, li se yon rejyon montay nan kè Masif Santral la. Li koresponn apeprè ak depatman franse Cantal (eksepte Aurillac, nan Guyenne), Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, ak sid Allier (eksepte Montluçon, nan Limousin). Vil prensipal li yo se Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Riom, Issoire, Saint-Flour, ak Thiers.

'''5/ Limousin''', ki koresponn ak pati nò Oksitanie a, se tou senpleman rejyon Limoges la, ki gen ladan Périgord nan sid (rejyon Périgueux) ak Marche nan nò (depatman franse Creuse aktyèl la, ak yon ti pati nan Allier alantou Montluçon).

'''6/ Provence'''. Sa a se pati ki pi lès Oksitanie a, ki gen fwontyè ak Mediterane a (Riviera franse ak Camargue) ak pye mòn sid Alp yo (Luberon). Prensipal vil Provence yo se Masèy, Nis, Toulon, Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Forcalquier, Arles, Cannes, Orange, Fréjus, ak Saint-Tropez. Monako fè pati Provence tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan. Nîmes, byenke li nan depatman Gard, fè pati Provence tou (alòske Alès deja nan Guyenne).

'''7/ Dauphiné (Dofin an'''), oubyen &quot;Pays Gavot&quot;. Se sèlman mwatye sid Dofin an ki aktyèlman Oksitan; Grenoble, kapital istorik pwovens sa a, pa nan Oksitani. Menm jan ak Provence, Dofin an sitiye nan lès Oksitani, men nan mitan tè pwensipal la, sètadi nan sid Alp yo (Vercors) ak nan Vale Rhône ant Montélimar ak Valence (Vivarais). Li enpòtan pou note ke Dofin Oksitan an pwolonje yon ti kras nan peyi [[Itali]] tou (&quot;Las Valadas&quot;).

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==


[[Kategori:Frans]]
[[Kategori:Itali]]
[[Kategori:Espay]]
[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4065" sha1="ecum6t4te3o1hidlbixjr413e4xoo5k" xml:space="preserve">[[Fichye:Parçans d'Occitania Regions of Occitania Pays d'Occitania.png|thumb|Rejyon istorik nan Oksitani.]]
[[Fichye:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|thumb|Drapo oksitan.]]

'''Oksitani''' (''Occitània'' nan [[lang oksitan]]) se yon rejyon kiltirèl ak istorik nan sidwès [[Ewòp]]. Eleman prensipal ki karakterize li se kilti li yo ak lang li yo, [[Lang oksitan|lang d'ok]] la ki te ba li non li.

Pifò nan Oksitani se kounye a ki sitiye nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] kote, depi [[2016]], yon [[Oksitani (rejyon administratif)|rejyon administratif]] ki pi piti te gen menm non an.

'''Oksitani''' konpoze de sèt pwovens istorik:

'''1/ Languedoc''' (''Lengadòc'' nan lang oksitan), abrevyasyon pou &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc&quot; (Tè Lang Oksitan an), koresponn apeprè ak aks Toulouse-Mediterane a, ki gen ladan Pays de Foix, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Béziers, ak Montpellier. &quot;Occitania,&quot; ki te ban nou &quot;Occitanie&quot; an franse, se te senpleman fòm laten medyeval &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc.&quot;

'''2/ Guyenne''' (''Guiana'' nan lang oksitan), pafwa yo rele &quot;Haut Languedoc&quot; (Anwo Languedoc). Sa a se pwovens ki pi santral nan Oksitani. Li se yon pwovens ki gen anpil mòn (&quot;Haut&quot;), li travèse sid Masif Santral la soti nan lwès rive nan lès, li soti Bergerac (nan Dordogne) rive Alès (nan Gard), li pase nan Cahors, Montauban, Albi, ak Rodez. Aurillac, byenke li nan Cantal, li pi asosye ak Guyenne pase ak Auvergne. Mo &quot;Guyenne&quot; a se yon koripsyon medyeval &quot;Aquitaine.&quot; Pwovens Guyenne nan gen ladan l, an patikilye, Quercy, Rouergue, Gévaudan, ak Cévennes yo.

'''3/ Gascogne / Gascony''' (''Gasconha'' nan lang oksitan. Pwovens sa a koresponn apeprè ak triyang ki fòme pa kòt Atlantik la, rivyè Garonne nan, ak mòn Pirene yo. Pi gwo vil nan Gascony se Bòdo, men Auch (nan Armagnac) konsidere kòm kapital istorik li. Pau te jwe yon wòl politik enpòtan tou nan tan lontan, li te kapital Prensip Béarn epi pita Wayòm Basse-Navarre la. Konurbasyon Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) la se yon zòn tranzisyon ibrid ant Oksitani ak Peyi Bask la. Val d'Aran, pati ki pi sid nan Comminges, fè pati Gascony tou. Karakteristik inik nan ti vale Pirene sa a se ke li fè pati Espay, e kontrèman ak Lafrans, Oksitan (nan fòm Gaskon lokal li ke yo rekonèt kòm &quot;Aranés&quot;) gen estati ko-ofisyèl ansanm ak Katalan ak Panyòl.

'''4/ Auvergne / Ovègn''' (''Auvèrnhe'' nan lang oksitan). Sitiye nan nòdès Oksitani, li se yon rejyon montay nan kè Masif Santral la. Li koresponn apeprè ak depatman franse Cantal (eksepte Aurillac, nan Guyenne), Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, ak sid Allier (eksepte Montluçon, nan Limousin). Vil prensipal li yo se Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Riom, Issoire, Saint-Flour, ak Thiers.

'''5/ Limousin''' (''Lemosin'' nan lang oksitan), ki koresponn ak pati nò Oksitanie a, se tou senpleman rejyon Limoges la, ki gen ladan Périgord nan sid (rejyon Périgueux) ak Marche nan nò (depatman franse Creuse aktyèl la, ak yon ti pati nan Allier alantou Montluçon).

'''6/ Provence''' (''Provença'' nan lang oksitan). Sa a se pati ki pi lès Oksitanie a, ki gen fwontyè ak Mediterane a (Riviera franse ak Camargue) ak pye mòn sid Alp yo (Luberon). Prensipal vil Provence yo se Masèy, Nis, Toulon, Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Forcalquier, Arles, Cannes, Orange, Fréjus, ak Saint-Tropez. Monako fè pati Provence tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan. Nîmes, byenke li nan depatman Gard, fè pati Provence tou (alòske Alès deja nan Guyenne).

'''7/ Dauphiné / Dofin an''' (''Daufinat'' nan lang oksitan), oubyen &quot;Pays Gavot&quot;. Se sèlman mwatye sid Dofin an ki aktyèlman Oksitan; Grenoble, kapital istorik pwovens sa a, pa nan Oksitani. Menm jan ak Provence, Dofin an sitiye nan lès Oksitani, men nan mitan tè pwensipal la, sètadi nan sid Alp yo (Vercors) ak nan Vale Rhône ant Montélimar ak Valence (Vivarais). Li enpòtan pou note ke Dofin Oksitan an pwolonje yon ti kras nan peyi [[Itali]] tou (&quot;Las Valadas&quot;).

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==


[[Kategori:Frans]]
[[Kategori:Itali]]
[[Kategori:Espay]]
[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4080" sha1="37xedbd4skcacy3ntnf9ynujn1hp1w2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fichye:Parçans d'Occitania Regions of Occitania Pays d'Occitania.png|thumb|Rejyon istorik nan Oksitani.]]
[[Fichye:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|thumb|Drapo oksitan.]]

'''Oksitani''' (''Occitània'' nan [[lang oksitan]]) se yon rejyon kiltirèl ak istorik nan sidwès [[Ewòp]]. Eleman prensipal ki karakterize li se kilti li yo ak lang li yo, [[Lang oksitan|lang d'ok]] la ki te ba li non li.

Pifò nan Oksitani se kounye a ki sitiye nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] kote, depi [[2016]], yon [[Oksitani (rejyon administratif)|rejyon administratif]] ki pi piti te gen menm non an.

'''Oksitani''' konpoze de sèt pwovens istorik:

'''1/ Languedoc''' (''Lengadòc'' nan lang oksitan), abrevyasyon pou &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc&quot; (Tè Lang Oksitan an), koresponn apeprè ak aks Toulouse-Mediterane a, ki gen ladan Pays de Foix, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Béziers, ak Montpellier. &quot;Occitania,&quot; ki te ban nou &quot;Occitanie&quot; an franse, se te senpleman fòm laten medyeval &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc.&quot;

'''2/ Guyenne''' (''Guiana'' nan lang oksitan), pafwa yo rele &quot;Haut Languedoc&quot; (Anwo Languedoc). Sa a se pwovens ki pi santral nan Oksitani. Li se yon pwovens ki gen anpil mòn (&quot;Haut&quot;), li travèse sid Masif Santral la soti nan lwès rive nan lès, li soti Bergerac (nan Dordogne) rive Alès (nan Gard), li pase nan Cahors, Montauban, Albi, ak Rodez. Aurillac, byenke li nan Cantal, li pi asosye ak Guyenne pase ak Auvergne. Mo &quot;Guyenne&quot; a se yon koripsyon medyeval &quot;Aquitaine.&quot; Pwovens Guyenne nan gen ladan l, an patikilye, Quercy, Rouergue, Gévaudan, ak Cévennes yo.

'''3/ Gascogne / Gascony''' (''Gasconha'' nan lang oksitan. Pwovens sa a koresponn apeprè ak triyang ki fòme pa kòt Atlantik la, rivyè Garonne nan, ak mòn Pirene yo. Pi gwo vil nan Gascony se Bòdo, men Auch (nan Armagnac) konsidere kòm kapital istorik li. Pau te jwe yon wòl politik enpòtan tou nan tan lontan, li te kapital Prensip Béarn epi pita Wayòm Basse-Navarre la. Konurbasyon Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) la se yon zòn tranzisyon ibrid ant Oksitani ak Peyi Bask la. Val d'Aran, pati ki pi sid nan Comminges, fè pati Gascony tou. Karakteristik inik nan ti vale Pirene sa a se ke li fè pati Espay, e kontrèman ak Lafrans, Oksitan (nan fòm Gaskon lokal li ke yo rekonèt kòm &quot;Aranés&quot;) gen estati ko-ofisyèl ansanm ak Katalan ak Panyòl.

'''4/ [[Ovègn|Auvergne / Ovègn]]''' (''Auvèrnhe'' nan lang oksitan). Sitiye nan nòdès Oksitani, li se yon rejyon montay nan kè Masif Santral la. Li koresponn apeprè ak depatman franse Cantal (eksepte Aurillac, nan Guyenne), Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, ak sid Allier (eksepte Montluçon, nan Limousin). Vil prensipal li yo se Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Riom, Issoire, Saint-Flour, ak Thiers.

'''5/ Limousin''' (''Lemosin'' nan lang oksitan), ki koresponn ak pati nò Oksitanie a, se tou senpleman rejyon Limoges la, ki gen ladan Périgord nan sid (rejyon Périgueux) ak Marche nan nò (depatman franse Creuse aktyèl la, ak yon ti pati nan Allier alantou Montluçon).

'''6/ [[Provence]]''' (''Provença'' nan lang oksitan). Sa a se pati ki pi lès Oksitanie a, ki gen fwontyè ak Mediterane a (Riviera franse ak Camargue) ak pye mòn sid Alp yo (Luberon). Prensipal vil Provence yo se Masèy, Nis, Toulon, Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Forcalquier, Arles, Cannes, Orange, Fréjus, ak Saint-Tropez. Monako fè pati Provence tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan. Nîmes, byenke li nan depatman Gard, fè pati Provence tou (alòske Alès deja nan Guyenne).

'''7/ Dauphiné / Dofin an''' (''Daufinat'' nan lang oksitan), oubyen &quot;Pays Gavot&quot;. Se sèlman mwatye sid Dofin an ki aktyèlman Oksitan; Grenoble, kapital istorik pwovens sa a, pa nan Oksitani. Menm jan ak Provence, Dofin an sitiye nan lès Oksitani, men nan mitan tè pwensipal la, sètadi nan sid Alp yo (Vercors) ak nan Vale Rhône ant Montélimar ak Valence (Vivarais). Li enpòtan pou note ke Dofin Oksitan an pwolonje yon ti kras nan peyi [[Itali]] tou (&quot;Las Valadas&quot;).

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==


[[Kategori:Frans]]
[[Kategori:Itali]]
[[Kategori:Espay]]
[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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[[Fichye:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|thumb|Drapo oksitan.]]

'''Oksitani''' (''Occitània'' nan [[lang oksitan]]) se yon rejyon kiltirèl ak istorik nan sidwès [[Ewòp]]. Eleman prensipal ki karakterize li se kilti li yo ak lang li yo, [[Lang oksitan|lang d'ok]] la ki te ba li non li.

Pifò nan Oksitani se kounye a ki sitiye nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] kote, depi [[2016]], yon [[Oksitani (rejyon administratif)|rejyon administratif]] ki pi piti te gen menm non an.

'''Oksitani''' konpoze de sèt pwovens istorik:

'''1/ Languedoc''' (''Lengadòc'' nan lang oksitan), abrevyasyon pou &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc&quot; (Tè Lang Oksitan an), koresponn apeprè ak aks Toulouse-Mediterane a, ki gen ladan Pays de Foix, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Béziers, ak Montpellier. &quot;Occitania,&quot; ki te ban nou &quot;Occitanie&quot; an franse, se te senpleman fòm laten medyeval &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc.&quot;

'''2/ Guyenne''' (''Guiana'' nan lang oksitan), pafwa yo rele &quot;Haut Languedoc&quot; (Anwo Languedoc). Sa a se pwovens ki pi santral nan Oksitani. Li se yon pwovens ki gen anpil mòn (&quot;Haut&quot;), li travèse sid Masif Santral la soti nan lwès rive nan lès, li soti Bergerac (nan Dordogne) rive Alès (nan Gard), li pase nan Cahors, Montauban, Albi, ak Rodez. Aurillac, byenke li nan Cantal, li pi asosye ak Guyenne pase ak Auvergne. Mo &quot;Guyenne&quot; a se yon koripsyon medyeval '''Aquitaine'''. Pwovens Guyenne nan gen ladan l, an patikilye, Quercy, Rouergue, Gévaudan, ak Cévennes yo.

'''3/ Gascogne / Gascony''' (''Gasconha'' nan lang oksitan. Pwovens sa a koresponn apeprè ak triyang ki fòme pa kòt Atlantik la, rivyè Garonne nan, ak mòn Pirene yo. Pi gwo vil nan Gascony se Bòdo, men Auch (nan Armagnac) konsidere kòm kapital istorik li. Pau te jwe yon wòl politik enpòtan tou nan tan lontan, li te kapital Prensip Béarn epi pita Wayòm Basse-Navarre la. Konurbasyon Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) la se yon zòn tranzisyon ibrid ant Oksitani ak Peyi Bask la. Val d'Aran, pati ki pi sid nan Comminges, fè pati Gascony tou. Karakteristik inik nan ti vale Pirene sa a se ke li fè pati Espay, e kontrèman ak Lafrans, Oksitan (nan fòm Gaskon lokal li ke yo rekonèt kòm &quot;Aranés&quot;) gen estati ko-ofisyèl ansanm ak Katalan ak Panyòl.

'''4/ [[Ovègn|Auvergne / Ovègn]]''' (''Auvèrnhe'' nan lang oksitan). Sitiye nan nòdès Oksitani, li se yon rejyon montay nan kè Masif Santral la. Li koresponn apeprè ak depatman franse Cantal (eksepte Aurillac, nan Guyenne), Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, ak sid Allier (eksepte Montluçon, nan Limousin). Vil prensipal li yo se Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Riom, Issoire, Saint-Flour, ak Thiers.

'''5/ Limousin''' (''Lemosin'' nan lang oksitan), ki koresponn ak pati nò Oksitanie a, se tou senpleman rejyon Limoges la, ki gen ladan Périgord nan sid (rejyon Périgueux) ak Marche nan nò (depatman franse Creuse aktyèl la, ak yon ti pati nan Allier alantou Montluçon).

'''6/ [[Provence]]''' (''Provença'' nan lang oksitan). Sa a se pati ki pi lès Oksitanie a, ki gen fwontyè ak Mediterane a (Riviera franse ak Camargue) ak pye mòn sid Alp yo (Luberon). Prensipal vil Provence yo se Masèy, Nis, Toulon, Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Forcalquier, Arles, Cannes, Orange, Fréjus, ak Saint-Tropez. Monako fè pati Provence tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan. Nîmes, byenke li nan depatman Gard, fè pati Provence tou (alòske Alès deja nan Guyenne).

'''7/ Dauphiné / Dofin an''' (''Daufinat'' nan lang oksitan), oubyen &quot;Pays Gavot&quot;. Se sèlman mwatye sid Dofin an ki aktyèlman Oksitan; Grenoble, kapital istorik pwovens sa a, pa nan Oksitani. Menm jan ak Provence, Dofin an sitiye nan lès Oksitani, men nan mitan tè pwensipal la, sètadi nan sid Alp yo (Vercors) ak nan Vale Rhône ant Montélimar ak Valence (Vivarais). Li enpòtan pou note ke Dofin Oksitan an pwolonje yon ti kras nan peyi [[Itali]] tou (&quot;Las Valadas&quot;).

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==


[[Kategori:Frans]]
[[Kategori:Itali]]
[[Kategori:Espay]]
[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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[[Fichye:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|thumb|Drapo oksitan.]]

'''Oksitani''' (''Occitània'' nan [[lang oksitan]]) se yon rejyon kiltirèl ak istorik nan sidwès [[Ewòp]]. Eleman prensipal ki karakterize li se kilti li yo ak lang li yo, [[Lang oksitan|lang d'ok]] la ki te ba li non li.

Pifò nan Oksitani se kounye a ki sitiye nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] kote, depi [[2016]], yon [[Oksitani (rejyon administratif)|rejyon administratif]] ki pi piti te gen menm non an.

'''Oksitani''' konpoze de sèt pwovens istorik:

'''1/ Languedoc''' (''Lengadòc'' nan lang oksitan), abrevyasyon pou &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc&quot; (Tè Lang Oksitan an), koresponn apeprè ak aks Toulouse-Mediterane a, ki gen ladan Pays de Foix, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Béziers, ak Montpellier. &quot;Occitania,&quot; ki te ban nou &quot;Occitanie&quot; an franse, se te senpleman fòm laten medyeval &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc.&quot;

'''2/ Guyenne''' (''Guiana'' nan lang oksitan), pafwa yo rele &quot;Haut Languedoc&quot; (Anwo Languedoc). Sa a se pwovens ki pi santral nan Oksitani. Li se yon pwovens ki gen anpil mòn (&quot;Anwo&quot;), li travèse sid Masif Santral la soti nan lwès rive nan lès, li soti Bergerac (nan Dordogne) rive Alès (nan Gard), li pase nan Cahors, Montauban, Albi, ak Rodez. Aurillac, byenke li nan Cantal, li pi asosye ak Guyenne pase ak Auvergne. Mo &quot;Guyenne&quot; a se yon koripsyon medyeval '''Aquitaine'''. Pwovens Guyenne nan gen ladan l, an patikilye, Quercy, Rouergue, Gévaudan, ak Cévennes yo.

'''3/ Gascogne / Gascony''' (''Gasconha'' nan lang oksitan. Pwovens sa a koresponn apeprè ak triyang ki fòme pa kòt Atlantik la, rivyè Garonne nan, ak mòn Pirene yo. Pi gwo vil nan Gascony se Bòdo, men Auch (nan Armagnac) konsidere kòm kapital istorik li. Pau te jwe yon wòl politik enpòtan tou nan tan lontan, li te kapital Prensip Béarn epi pita Wayòm Basse-Navarre la. Konurbasyon Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) la se yon zòn tranzisyon ibrid ant Oksitani ak Peyi Bask la. Val d'Aran, pati ki pi sid nan Comminges, fè pati Gascony tou. Karakteristik inik nan ti vale Pirene sa a se ke li fè pati Espay, e kontrèman ak Lafrans, Oksitan (nan fòm Gaskon lokal li ke yo rekonèt kòm &quot;Aranés&quot;) gen estati ko-ofisyèl ansanm ak Katalan ak Panyòl.

'''4/ [[Ovègn|Auvergne / Ovègn]]''' (''Auvèrnhe'' nan lang oksitan). Sitiye nan nòdès Oksitani, li se yon rejyon montay nan kè Masif Santral la. Li koresponn apeprè ak depatman franse Cantal (eksepte Aurillac, nan Guyenne), Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, ak sid Allier (eksepte Montluçon, nan Limousin). Vil prensipal li yo se Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Riom, Issoire, Saint-Flour, ak Thiers.

'''5/ Limousin''' (''Lemosin'' nan lang oksitan), ki koresponn ak pati nò Oksitanie a, se tou senpleman rejyon Limoges la, ki gen ladan Périgord nan sid (rejyon Périgueux) ak Marche nan nò (depatman franse Creuse aktyèl la, ak yon ti pati nan Allier alantou Montluçon).

'''6/ [[Provence]]''' (''Provença'' nan lang oksitan). Sa a se pati ki pi lès Oksitanie a, ki gen fwontyè ak Mediterane a (Riviera franse ak Camargue) ak pye mòn sid Alp yo (Luberon). Prensipal vil Provence yo se Masèy, Nis, Toulon, Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Forcalquier, Arles, Cannes, Orange, Fréjus, ak Saint-Tropez. Monako fè pati Provence tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan. Nîmes, byenke li nan depatman Gard, fè pati Provence tou (alòske Alès deja nan Guyenne).

'''7/ Dauphiné / Dofin an''' (''Daufinat'' nan lang oksitan), oubyen &quot;Pays Gavot&quot;. Se sèlman mwatye sid Dofin an ki aktyèlman Oksitan; Grenoble, kapital istorik pwovens sa a, pa nan Oksitani. Menm jan ak Provence, Dofin an sitiye nan lès Oksitani, men nan mitan tè pwensipal la, sètadi nan sid Alp yo (Vercors) ak nan Vale Rhône ant Montélimar ak Valence (Vivarais). Li enpòtan pou note ke Dofin Oksitan an pwolonje yon ti kras nan peyi [[Itali]] tou (&quot;Las Valadas&quot;).

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==


[[Kategori:Frans]]
[[Kategori:Itali]]
[[Kategori:Espay]]
[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4095" sha1="nmgae29aoiytlsrwx62ca6xqn233drs" xml:space="preserve">[[Fichye:Parçans d'Occitania Regions of Occitania Pays d'Occitania.png|thumb|Rejyon istorik nan Oksitani.]]
[[Fichye:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|thumb|Drapo oksitan.]]

'''Oksitani''' (''Occitània'' nan [[lang oksitan]]) se yon rejyon kiltirèl ak istorik nan sidwès [[Ewòp]]. Eleman prensipal ki karakterize li se kilti li yo ak lang li yo, [[Lang oksitan|lang d'ok]] la ki te ba li non li.

Pifò nan Oksitani se kounye a ki sitiye nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] kote, depi [[2016]], yon [[Oksitani (rejyon administratif)|rejyon administratif]] ki pi piti te gen menm non an.

'''Oksitani''' konpoze de sèt pwovens istorik:

'''1/ Languedoc''' (''Lengadòc'' nan lang oksitan), abrevyasyon pou &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc&quot; (Tè Lang Oksitan an), koresponn apeprè ak aks Toulouse-Mediterane a, ki gen ladan Pays de Foix, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Béziers, ak Montpellier. &quot;Occitania,&quot; ki te ban nou &quot;Occitanie&quot; an franse, se te senpleman fòm laten medyeval &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc.&quot;

'''2/ Guyenne''' (''Guiana'' nan lang oksitan), pafwa yo rele &quot;Haut Languedoc&quot; (Anwo Languedoc). Sa a se pwovens ki pi santral nan Oksitani. Li se yon pwovens ki gen anpil mòn (&quot;Anwo&quot;), li travèse sid Masif Santral la soti nan lwès rive nan lès, li soti Bergerac (nan Dordogne) rive Alès (nan Gard), li pase nan Cahors, Montauban, Albi, ak Rodez. Aurillac, byenke li nan Cantal, li pi asosye ak Guyenne pase ak Auvergne. Mo &quot;Guyenne&quot; a se yon koripsyon medyeval '''Aquitaine'''. Pwovens Guyenne nan gen ladan l, an patikilye, Quercy, Rouergue, Gévaudan, ak Cévennes yo.

'''3/ Gascogne / Gascony''' (''Gasconha'' nan lang oksitan. Pwovens sa a koresponn apeprè ak triyang ki fòme pa kòt Atlantik la, rivyè Garonne nan, ak mòn Pirene yo. Pi gwo vil nan Gascony se Bòdo, men Auch (nan Armagnac) konsidere kòm kapital istorik li. Pau te jwe yon wòl politik enpòtan tou nan tan lontan, li te kapital Prensip Béarn epi pita Wayòm Basse-Navarre la. Konurbasyon Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) la se yon zòn tranzisyon ibrid ant Oksitani ak Peyi Bask la. Val d'Aran, pati ki pi sid nan Comminges, fè pati Gascony tou. Karakteristik inik nan ti vale Pirene sa a se ke li fè pati Espay, e kontrèman ak Lafrans, Oksitan (nan fòm Gaskon lokal li ke yo rekonèt kòm &quot;Aranés&quot;) gen estati ko-ofisyèl ansanm ak Katalan ak Panyòl.

'''4/ [[Ovègn|Auvergne / Ovègn]]''' (''Auvèrnhe'' nan lang oksitan). Sitiye nan nòdès Oksitani, li se yon rejyon montay nan kè Masif Santral la. Li koresponn apeprè ak depatman franse Cantal (eksepte Aurillac, nan Guyenne), Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, ak sid Allier (eksepte Montluçon, nan Limousin). Vil prensipal li yo se Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Riom, Issoire, Saint-Flour, ak Thiers.

'''5/ Limousin''' (''Lemosin'' nan lang oksitan), ki koresponn ak pati nò Oksitani a, se tou senpleman rejyon [[Limoges]] la, ki gen ladan Périgord nan sid (rejyon [[Périgueux]]) ak Marche nan nò (depatman franse [[Creuse]] aktyèl la, ak yon ti pati nan Allier alantou Montluçon).

'''6/ [[Provence]]''' (''Provença'' nan lang oksitan). Sa a se pati ki pi lès Oksitanie a, ki gen fwontyè ak Mediterane a (Riviera franse ak Camargue) ak pye mòn sid Alp yo (Luberon). Prensipal vil Provence yo se Masèy, Nis, Toulon, Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Forcalquier, Arles, Cannes, Orange, Fréjus, ak Saint-Tropez. Monako fè pati Provence tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan. Nîmes, byenke li nan depatman Gard, fè pati Provence tou (alòske Alès deja nan Guyenne).

'''7/ Dauphiné / Dofin an''' (''Daufinat'' nan lang oksitan), oubyen &quot;Pays Gavot&quot;. Se sèlman mwatye sid Dofin an ki aktyèlman Oksitan; Grenoble, kapital istorik pwovens sa a, pa nan Oksitani. Menm jan ak Provence, Dofin an sitiye nan lès Oksitani, men nan mitan tè pwensipal la, sètadi nan sid Alp yo (Vercors) ak nan Vale Rhône ant Montélimar ak Valence (Vivarais). Li enpòtan pou note ke Dofin Oksitan an pwolonje yon ti kras nan peyi [[Itali]] tou (&quot;Las Valadas&quot;).

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==


[[Kategori:Frans]]
[[Kategori:Itali]]
[[Kategori:Espay]]
[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4146" sha1="1bbga0j9fhx1znthnf0kueo6xksi0zz" xml:space="preserve">[[Fichye:Parçans d'Occitania Regions of Occitania Pays d'Occitania.png|thumb|Rejyon istorik nan Oksitani.]]
[[Fichye:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|thumb|Drapo oksitan.]]

'''Oksitani''' (''Occitània'' nan [[lang oksitan]]) se yon rejyon kiltirèl ak istorik nan sidwès [[Ewòp]]. Eleman prensipal ki karakterize li se kilti li yo ak lang li yo, [[Lang oksitan|lang d'ok]] la ki te ba li non li.

Pifò nan Oksitani se kounye a ki sitiye nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] kote, depi [[2016]], yon [[Oksitani (rejyon administratif)|rejyon administratif]] ki pi piti te gen menm non an.

'''Oksitani''' konpoze de sèt pwovens istorik:

'''1/ Languedoc''' (''Lengadòc'' nan lang oksitan), abrevyasyon pou &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc&quot; (Tè Lang Oksitan an), koresponn apeprè ak aks Toulouse-Mediterane a, ki gen ladan Pays de Foix, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Béziers, ak Montpellier. &quot;Occitania,&quot; ki te ban nou &quot;Occitanie&quot; an franse, se te senpleman fòm laten medyeval &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc.&quot;

'''2/ Guyenne''' (''Guiana'' nan lang oksitan), pafwa yo rele &quot;Haut Languedoc&quot; (Anwo Languedoc). Sa a se pwovens ki pi santral nan Oksitani. Li se yon pwovens ki gen anpil mòn (&quot;Anwo&quot;), li travèse sid Masif Santral la soti nan lwès rive nan lès, li soti Bergerac (nan Dordogne) rive Alès (nan Gard), li pase nan Cahors, Montauban, Albi, ak Rodez. Aurillac, byenke li nan Cantal, li pi asosye ak Guyenne pase ak Auvergne. Mo &quot;Guyenne&quot; a se yon koripsyon medyeval '''Aquitaine'''. Pwovens Guyenne nan gen ladan l, an patikilye, Quercy, Rouergue, Gévaudan, ak Cévennes yo.

'''3/ Gascogne / Gascony''' (''Gasconha'' nan lang oksitan. Pwovens sa a koresponn apeprè ak triyang ki fòme pa kòt Atlantik la, rivyè Garonne nan, ak mòn Pirene yo. Pi gwo vil nan Gascony se Bòdo, men Auch (nan Armagnac) konsidere kòm kapital istorik li. Pau te jwe yon wòl politik enpòtan tou nan tan lontan, li te kapital Prensip Béarn epi pita Wayòm Basse-Navarre la. Konurbasyon Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) la se yon zòn tranzisyon ibrid ant Oksitani ak Peyi Bask la. Val d'Aran, pati ki pi sid nan Comminges, fè pati Gascony tou. Karakteristik inik nan ti vale Pirene sa a se ke li fè pati Espay, e kontrèman ak Lafrans, [[Lang oksitan|Oksitan]] (nan fòm Gaskon lokal li ke yo rekonèt kòm &quot;Aranés&quot;) gen estati ko-ofisyèl ansanm ak [[Lang katalan|Katalan]] ak [[Lang panyòl|Panyòl]].

'''4/ [[Ovègn|Auvergne / Ovègn]]''' (''Auvèrnhe'' nan lang oksitan). Sitiye nan nòdès Oksitani, li se yon rejyon montay nan kè Masif Santral la. Li koresponn apeprè ak depatman franse Cantal (eksepte Aurillac, nan Guyenne), Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, ak sid Allier (eksepte Montluçon, nan Limousin). Vil prensipal li yo se Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Riom, Issoire, Saint-Flour, ak Thiers.

'''5/ Limousin''' (''Lemosin'' nan lang oksitan), ki koresponn ak pati nò Oksitani a, se tou senpleman rejyon [[Limoges]] la, ki gen ladan Périgord nan sid (rejyon [[Périgueux]]) ak Marche nan nò (depatman franse [[Creuse]] aktyèl la, ak yon ti pati nan Allier alantou Montluçon).

'''6/ [[Provence]]''' (''Provença'' nan lang oksitan). Sa a se pati ki pi lès Oksitanie a, ki gen fwontyè ak Mediterane a (Riviera franse ak Camargue) ak pye mòn sid Alp yo (Luberon). Prensipal vil Provence yo se Masèy, Nis, Toulon, Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Forcalquier, Arles, Cannes, Orange, Fréjus, ak Saint-Tropez. Monako fè pati Provence tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan. Nîmes, byenke li nan depatman Gard, fè pati Provence tou (alòske Alès deja nan Guyenne).

'''7/ Dauphiné / Dofin an''' (''Daufinat'' nan lang oksitan), oubyen &quot;Pays Gavot&quot;. Se sèlman mwatye sid Dofin an ki aktyèlman Oksitan; Grenoble, kapital istorik pwovens sa a, pa nan Oksitani. Menm jan ak Provence, Dofin an sitiye nan lès Oksitani, men nan mitan tè pwensipal la, sètadi nan sid Alp yo (Vercors) ak nan Vale Rhône ant Montélimar ak Valence (Vivarais). Li enpòtan pou note ke Dofin Oksitan an pwolonje yon ti kras nan peyi [[Itali]] tou (&quot;Las Valadas&quot;).

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==


[[Kategori:Frans]]
[[Kategori:Itali]]
[[Kategori:Espay]]
[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4222" sha1="avffupsh7zlk4o4r9h0gto9yyhln3le" xml:space="preserve">[[Fichye:Parçans d'Occitania Regions of Occitania Pays d'Occitania.png|thumb|Rejyon istorik nan Oksitani.]]
[[Fichye:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|thumb|Drapo oksitan.]]

'''Oksitani''' (''Occitània'' nan [[lang oksitan]]) se yon rejyon kiltirèl ak istorik nan sidwès [[Ewòp]]. Eleman prensipal ki karakterize li se kilti li yo ak lang li yo, [[Lang oksitan|lang d'ok]] la ki te ba li non li.

Pifò nan Oksitani se kounye a ki sitiye nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] kote, depi [[2016]], yon [[Oksitani (rejyon administratif)|rejyon administratif]] ki pi piti te gen menm non an.

'''Oksitani''' konpoze de sèt pwovens istorik:

'''1/ Languedoc''' (''Lengadòc'' nan lang oksitan), abrevyasyon pou &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc&quot; (Tè Lang Oksitan an), koresponn apeprè ak aks Toulouse-Mediterane a, ki gen ladan Pays de Foix, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Béziers, ak Montpellier. &quot;Occitania,&quot; ki te ban nou &quot;Occitanie&quot; an franse, se te senpleman fòm laten medyeval &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc.&quot;

'''2/ Guyenne''' (''Guiana'' nan lang oksitan), pafwa yo rele &quot;Haut Languedoc&quot; (Anwo Languedoc). Sa a se pwovens ki pi santral nan Oksitani. Li se yon pwovens ki gen anpil mòn (&quot;Anwo&quot;), li travèse sid Masif Santral la soti nan lwès rive nan lès, li soti Bergerac (nan Dordogne) rive Alès (nan Gard), li pase nan Cahors, Montauban, Albi, ak Rodez. Aurillac, byenke li nan Cantal, li pi asosye ak Guyenne pase ak Auvergne. Mo &quot;Guyenne&quot; a se yon koripsyon medyeval '''Aquitaine'''. Pwovens Guyenne nan gen ladan l, an patikilye, Quercy, Rouergue, Gévaudan, ak Cévennes yo.

'''3/ Gascogne / Gascony''' (''Gasconha'' nan lang oksitan. Pwovens sa a koresponn apeprè ak triyang ki fòme pa kòt Atlantik la, rivyè Garonne nan, ak mòn Pirene yo. Pi gwo vil nan Gascony se Bòdo, men Auch (nan Armagnac) konsidere kòm kapital istorik li. Pau te jwe yon wòl politik enpòtan tou nan tan lontan, li te kapital Prensip Béarn epi pita Wayòm Basse-Navarre la. Konurbasyon Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) la se yon zòn tranzisyon ibrid ant Oksitani ak Peyi Bask la. Val d'Aran, pati ki pi sid nan Comminges, fè pati Gascony tou. Karakteristik inik nan ti vale Pirene sa a se ke li fè pati Espay, e kontrèman ak Lafrans, [[Lang oksitan|Oksitan]] (nan fòm Gaskon lokal li ke yo rekonèt kòm &quot;Aranés&quot;) gen estati ko-ofisyèl ansanm ak [[Lang katalan|Katalan]] ak [[Lang panyòl|Panyòl]].
[[Fichye:Auvergne carte.png|200px|thumb|right|Sitiyasyon Auvergne an Frans]]
'''4/ [[Ovègn|Auvergne / Ovègn]]''' (''Auvèrnhe'' nan lang oksitan). Sitiye nan nòdès Oksitani, li se yon rejyon montay nan kè Masif Santral la. Li koresponn apeprè ak depatman franse Cantal (eksepte Aurillac, nan Guyenne), Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, ak sid Allier (eksepte Montluçon, nan Limousin). Vil prensipal li yo se Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Riom, Issoire, Saint-Flour, ak Thiers.

'''5/ Limousin''' (''Lemosin'' nan lang oksitan), ki koresponn ak pati nò Oksitani a, se tou senpleman rejyon [[Limoges]] la, ki gen ladan Périgord nan sid (rejyon [[Périgueux]]) ak Marche nan nò (depatman franse [[Creuse]] aktyèl la, ak yon ti pati nan Allier alantou Montluçon).

'''6/ [[Provence]]''' (''Provença'' nan lang oksitan). Sa a se pati ki pi lès Oksitanie a, ki gen fwontyè ak Mediterane a (Riviera franse ak Camargue) ak pye mòn sid Alp yo (Luberon). Prensipal vil Provence yo se Masèy, Nis, Toulon, Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Forcalquier, Arles, Cannes, Orange, Fréjus, ak Saint-Tropez. Monako fè pati Provence tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan. Nîmes, byenke li nan depatman Gard, fè pati Provence tou (alòske Alès deja nan Guyenne).

'''7/ Dauphiné / Dofin an''' (''Daufinat'' nan lang oksitan), oubyen &quot;Pays Gavot&quot;. Se sèlman mwatye sid Dofin an ki aktyèlman Oksitan; Grenoble, kapital istorik pwovens sa a, pa nan Oksitani. Menm jan ak Provence, Dofin an sitiye nan lès Oksitani, men nan mitan tè pwensipal la, sètadi nan sid Alp yo (Vercors) ak nan Vale Rhône ant Montélimar ak Valence (Vivarais). Li enpòtan pou note ke Dofin Oksitan an pwolonje yon ti kras nan peyi [[Itali]] tou (&quot;Las Valadas&quot;).

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==


[[Kategori:Frans]]
[[Kategori:Itali]]
[[Kategori:Espay]]
[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-21T17:55:11Z</timestamp>
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        <id>28592</id>
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[[Fichye:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|thumb|Drapo oksitan.]]

'''Oksitani''' (''Occitània'' nan [[lang oksitan]]) se yon rejyon kiltirèl ak istorik nan sidwès [[Ewòp]]. Eleman prensipal ki karakterize li se kilti li yo ak lang li yo, [[Lang oksitan|lang d'ok]] la ki te ba li non li.

Pifò nan Oksitani se kounye a ki sitiye nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] kote, depi [[2016]], yon [[Oksitani (rejyon administratif)|rejyon administratif]] ki pi piti te gen menm non an.

'''Oksitani''' konpoze de sèt pwovens istorik:

'''1/ Languedoc''' (''Lengadòc'' nan lang oksitan), abrevyasyon pou &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc&quot; (Tè Lang Oksitan an), koresponn apeprè ak aks Toulouse-Mediterane a, ki gen ladan Pays de Foix, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Béziers, ak Montpellier. &quot;Occitania,&quot; ki te ban nou &quot;Occitanie&quot; an franse, se te senpleman fòm laten medyeval &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc.&quot;

'''2/ Guyenne''' (''Guiana'' nan lang oksitan), pafwa yo rele &quot;Haut Languedoc&quot; (Anwo Languedoc). Sa a se pwovens ki pi santral nan Oksitani. Li se yon pwovens ki gen anpil mòn (&quot;Anwo&quot;), li travèse sid Masif Santral la soti nan lwès rive nan lès, li soti Bergerac (nan Dordogne) rive Alès (nan Gard), li pase nan Cahors, Montauban, Albi, ak Rodez. Aurillac, byenke li nan Cantal, li pi asosye ak Guyenne pase ak Auvergne. Mo &quot;Guyenne&quot; a se yon koripsyon medyeval '''Aquitaine'''. Pwovens Guyenne nan gen ladan l, an patikilye, Quercy, Rouergue, Gévaudan, ak Cévennes yo.

'''3/ Gascogne / Gascony''' (''Gasconha'' nan lang oksitan. Pwovens sa a koresponn apeprè ak triyang ki fòme pa kòt Atlantik la, rivyè Garonne nan, ak mòn Pirene yo. Pi gwo vil nan Gascony se Bòdo, men Auch (nan Armagnac) konsidere kòm kapital istorik li. Pau te jwe yon wòl politik enpòtan tou nan tan lontan, li te kapital Prensip Béarn epi pita Wayòm Basse-Navarre la. Konurbasyon Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) la se yon zòn tranzisyon ibrid ant Oksitani ak Peyi Bask la. Val d'Aran, pati ki pi sid nan Comminges, fè pati Gascony tou. Karakteristik inik nan ti vale Pirene sa a se ke li fè pati Espay, e kontrèman ak Lafrans, [[Lang oksitan|Oksitan]] (nan fòm Gaskon lokal li ke yo rekonèt kòm &quot;Aranés&quot;) gen estati ko-ofisyèl ansanm ak [[Lang katalan|Katalan]] ak [[Lang panyòl|Panyòl]].
[[Fichye:Auvergne carte.png|200px|thumb|right|Sitiyasyon Ovègn an Frans]]
'''4/ [[Ovègn|Auvergne / Ovègn]]''' (''Auvèrnhe'' nan lang oksitan). Sitiye nan nòdès Oksitani, li se yon rejyon montay nan kè Masif Santral la. Li koresponn apeprè ak depatman franse Cantal (eksepte Aurillac, nan Guyenne), Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, ak sid Allier (eksepte Montluçon, nan Limousin). Vil prensipal li yo se Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Riom, Issoire, Saint-Flour, ak Thiers.

'''5/ Limousin''' (''Lemosin'' nan lang oksitan), ki koresponn ak pati nò Oksitani a, se tou senpleman rejyon [[Limoges]] la, ki gen ladan Périgord nan sid (rejyon [[Périgueux]]) ak Marche nan nò (depatman franse [[Creuse]] aktyèl la, ak yon ti pati nan Allier alantou Montluçon).

'''6/ [[Provence]]''' (''Provença'' nan lang oksitan). Sa a se pati ki pi lès Oksitanie a, ki gen fwontyè ak Mediterane a (Riviera franse ak Camargue) ak pye mòn sid Alp yo (Luberon). Prensipal vil Provence yo se Masèy, Nis, Toulon, Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Forcalquier, Arles, Cannes, Orange, Fréjus, ak Saint-Tropez. Monako fè pati Provence tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan. Nîmes, byenke li nan depatman Gard, fè pati Provence tou (alòske Alès deja nan Guyenne).

'''7/ Dauphiné / Dofin an''' (''Daufinat'' nan lang oksitan), oubyen &quot;Pays Gavot&quot;. Se sèlman mwatye sid Dofin an ki aktyèlman Oksitan; Grenoble, kapital istorik pwovens sa a, pa nan Oksitani. Menm jan ak Provence, Dofin an sitiye nan lès Oksitani, men nan mitan tè pwensipal la, sètadi nan sid Alp yo (Vercors) ak nan Vale Rhône ant Montélimar ak Valence (Vivarais). Li enpòtan pou note ke Dofin Oksitan an pwolonje yon ti kras nan peyi [[Itali]] tou (&quot;Las Valadas&quot;).

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==


[[Kategori:Frans]]
[[Kategori:Itali]]
[[Kategori:Espay]]
[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>882093</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:12:48Z</timestamp>
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        <id>28592</id>
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      <text bytes="4344" sha1="rextagpvxkplqamf7yqbbwkvp60yex8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fichye:Parçans d'Occitania Regions of Occitania Pays d'Occitania.png|thumb|Rejyon istorik nan Oksitani.]]
[[Fichye:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|thumb|Drapo oksitan.]]

'''Oksitani''' (''Occitània'' nan [[lang oksitan]]) se yon rejyon kiltirèl ak istorik nan sidwès [[Ewòp]]. Eleman prensipal ki karakterize li se kilti li yo ak lang li yo, [[Lang oksitan|lang d'ok]] la ki te ba li non li.

Pifò nan Oksitani se kounye a ki sitiye nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] kote, depi [[2016]], yon [[Oksitani (rejyon administratif)|rejyon administratif]] ki pi piti te gen menm non an.

'''Oksitani''' konpoze de sèt pwovens istorik:

'''1/ Languedoc''' (''Lengadòc'' nan lang oksitan), abrevyasyon pou &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc&quot; (Tè Lang Oksitan an), koresponn apeprè ak aks Toulouse-Mediterane a, ki gen ladan Pays de Foix, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Béziers, ak Montpellier. &quot;Occitania,&quot; ki te ban nou &quot;Occitanie&quot; an franse, se te senpleman fòm laten medyeval &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc.&quot;

'''2/ Guyenne''' (''Guiana'' nan lang oksitan), pafwa yo rele &quot;Haut Languedoc&quot; (Anwo Languedoc). Sa a se pwovens ki pi santral nan Oksitani. Li se yon pwovens ki gen anpil mòn (&quot;Anwo&quot;), li travèse sid Masif Santral la soti nan lwès rive nan lès, li soti Bergerac (nan Dordogne) rive Alès (nan Gard), li pase nan Cahors, Montauban, Albi, ak Rodez. Aurillac, byenke li nan Cantal, li pi asosye ak Guyenne pase ak Auvergne. Mo &quot;Guyenne&quot; a se yon koripsyon medyeval '''Aquitaine'''. Pwovens Guyenne nan gen ladan l, an patikilye, Quercy, Rouergue, Gévaudan, ak Cévennes yo.

'''3/ Gascogne / Gascony''' (''Gasconha'' nan lang oksitan. Pwovens sa a koresponn apeprè ak triyang ki fòme pa kòt Atlantik la, rivyè Garonne nan, ak mòn Pirene yo. Pi gwo vil nan Gascony se Bòdo, men Auch (nan Armagnac) konsidere kòm kapital istorik li. Pau te jwe yon wòl politik enpòtan tou nan tan lontan, li te kapital Prensip Béarn epi pita Wayòm Basse-Navarre la. Konurbasyon Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) la se yon zòn tranzisyon ibrid ant Oksitani ak Peyi Bask la. Val d'Aran, pati ki pi sid nan Comminges, fè pati Gascony tou. Karakteristik inik nan ti vale Pirene sa a se ke li fè pati Espay, e kontrèman ak Lafrans, [[Lang oksitan|Oksitan]] (nan fòm Gaskon lokal li ke yo rekonèt kòm &quot;Aranés&quot;) gen estati ko-ofisyèl ansanm ak [[Lang katalan|Katalan]] ak [[Lang panyòl|Panyòl]].
[[Fichye:Auvergne carte.png|200px|thumb|right|Sitiyasyon Ovègn an Frans]]
'''4/ [[Ovègn|Auvergne / Ovègn]]''' (''Auvèrnhe'' nan lang oksitan). Sitiye nan nòdès Oksitani, li se yon rejyon montay nan kè Masif Santral la. Li koresponn apeprè ak depatman franse Cantal (eksepte Aurillac, nan Guyenne), Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, ak sid Allier (eksepte Montluçon, nan Limousin). Vil prensipal li yo se Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Riom, Issoire, Saint-Flour, ak Thiers.

'''5/ Limousin''' (''Lemosin'' nan lang oksitan), ki koresponn ak pati nò Oksitani a, se tou senpleman rejyon [[Limoges]] la, ki gen ladan Périgord nan sid (rejyon [[Périgueux]]) ak Marche nan nò (depatman franse [[Creuse]] aktyèl la, ak yon ti pati nan Allier alantou Montluçon).

'''6/ [[Provence]]''' (''Provença'' nan lang oksitan). Sa a se pati ki pi lès Oksitanie a, ki gen fwontyè ak Mediterane a (Riviera franse ak Camargue) ak pye mòn sid Alp yo (Luberon). Prensipal vil Provence yo se Masèy, Nis, Toulon, Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Forcalquier, Arles, Cannes, Orange, Fréjus, ak Saint-Tropez. Monako fè pati Provence tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan. Nîmes, byenke li nan depatman Gard, fè pati Provence tou (alòske Alès deja nan Guyenne).
[[Fichye:Dauphinois - carte linguistique du Dauphiné.png|200px|thumb|right|Pwovens Dauphiné a. An jòn: pati Oksitan an.]]
'''7/ Dauphiné / Dofin an''' (''Daufinat'' nan lang oksitan), oubyen &quot;Pays Gavot&quot;. Se sèlman mwatye sid Dofin an ki aktyèlman Oksitan; Grenoble, kapital istorik pwovens sa a, pa nan Oksitani. Menm jan ak Provence, Dofin an sitiye nan lès Oksitani, men nan mitan tè pwensipal la, sètadi nan sid Alp yo (Vercors) ak nan Vale Rhône ant Montélimar ak Valence (Vivarais). Li enpòtan pou note ke Dofin Oksitan an pwolonje yon ti kras nan peyi [[Itali]] tou (&quot;Las Valadas&quot;).

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==


[[Kategori:Frans]]
[[Kategori:Itali]]
[[Kategori:Espay]]
[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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      <id>882094</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:14:54Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="4342" sha1="92beccu7dqem9cojv0myxjvypjdl050" xml:space="preserve">[[Fichye:Parçans d'Occitania Regions of Occitania Pays d'Occitania.png|thumb|Rejyon istorik nan Oksitani.]]
[[Fichye:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|thumb|Drapo oksitan.]]

'''Oksitani''' (''Occitània'' nan [[lang oksitan]]) se yon rejyon kiltirèl ak istorik nan sidwès [[Ewòp]]. Eleman prensipal ki karakterize li se kilti li yo ak lang li yo, [[Lang oksitan|lang d'ok]] la ki te ba li non li.

Pifò nan Oksitani se kounye a ki sitiye nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] kote, depi [[2016]], yon [[Oksitani (rejyon administratif)|rejyon administratif]] ki pi piti te gen menm non an.

'''Oksitani''' konpoze de sèt pwovens istorik:

'''1/ Languedoc''' (''Lengadòc'' nan lang oksitan), abrevyasyon pou &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc&quot; (Tè Lang Oksitan an), koresponn apeprè ak aks Toulouse-Mediterane a, ki gen ladan Pays de Foix, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Béziers, ak Montpellier. &quot;Occitania,&quot; ki te ban nou &quot;Occitanie&quot; an franse, se te senpleman fòm laten medyeval &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc.&quot;

'''2/ Guyenne''' (''Guiana'' nan lang oksitan), pafwa yo rele &quot;Haut Languedoc&quot; (Anwo Languedoc). Sa a se pwovens ki pi santral nan Oksitani. Li se yon pwovens ki gen anpil mòn (&quot;Anwo&quot;), li travèse sid Masif Santral la soti nan lwès rive nan lès, li soti Bergerac (nan Dordogne) rive Alès (nan Gard), li pase nan Cahors, Montauban, Albi, ak Rodez. Aurillac, byenke li nan Cantal, li pi asosye ak Guyenne pase ak Auvergne. Mo &quot;Guyenne&quot; a se yon koripsyon medyeval '''Aquitaine'''. Pwovens Guyenne nan gen ladan l, an patikilye, Quercy, Rouergue, Gévaudan, ak Cévennes yo.

'''3/ Gascogne / Gascony''' (''Gasconha'' nan lang oksitan. Pwovens sa a koresponn apeprè ak triyang ki fòme pa kòt Atlantik la, rivyè Garonne nan, ak mòn Pirene yo. Pi gwo vil nan Gascony se Bòdo, men Auch (nan Armagnac) konsidere kòm kapital istorik li. Pau te jwe yon wòl politik enpòtan tou nan tan lontan, li te kapital Prensip Béarn epi pita Wayòm Basse-Navarre la. Konurbasyon Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) la se yon zòn tranzisyon ibrid ant Oksitani ak Peyi Bask la. Val d'Aran, pati ki pi sid nan Comminges, fè pati Gascony tou. Karakteristik inik nan ti vale Pirene sa a se ke li fè pati Espay, e kontrèman ak Lafrans, [[Lang oksitan|Oksitan]] (nan fòm Gaskon lokal li ke yo rekonèt kòm &quot;Aranés&quot;) gen estati ko-ofisyèl ansanm ak [[Lang katalan|Katalan]] ak [[Lang panyòl|Panyòl]].
[[Fichye:Auvergne carte.png|200px|thumb|right|Sitiyasyon Ovègn an Frans]]
'''4/ [[Ovègn|Auvergne / Ovègn]]''' (''Auvèrnhe'' nan lang oksitan). Sitiye nan nòdès Oksitani, li se yon rejyon montay nan kè Masif Santral la. Li koresponn apeprè ak depatman franse Cantal (eksepte Aurillac, nan Guyenne), Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, ak sid Allier (eksepte Montluçon, nan Limousin). Vil prensipal li yo se Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Riom, Issoire, Saint-Flour, ak Thiers.

'''5/ Limousin''' (''Lemosin'' nan lang oksitan), ki koresponn ak pati nò Oksitani a, se tou senpleman rejyon [[Limoges]] la, ki gen ladan Périgord nan sid (rejyon [[Périgueux]]) ak Marche nan nò (depatman franse [[Creuse]] aktyèl la, ak yon ti pati nan Allier alantou Montluçon).

'''6/ [[Provence]]''' (''Provença'' nan lang oksitan). Sa a se pati ki pi lès Oksitanie a, ki gen fwontyè ak Mediterane a (Riviera franse ak Camargue) ak pye mòn sid Alp yo (Luberon). Prensipal vil Provence yo se Masèy, Nis, Toulon, Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Forcalquier, Arles, Cannes, Orange, Fréjus, ak Saint-Tropez. Monako fè pati Provence tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan. Nîmes, byenke li nan depatman Gard, fè pati Provence tou (alòske Alès deja nan Guyenne).
[[Fichye:Dauphinois - carte linguistique du Dauphiné.png|200px|thumb|right|Pwovens Dofiné a. An jòn: pati Oksitan an.]]
'''7/ Dauphiné / Dofin an''' (''Daufinat'' nan lang oksitan), oubyen &quot;Pays Gavot&quot;. Se sèlman mwatye sid Dofin an ki aktyèlman Oksitan; Grenoble, kapital istorik pwovens sa a, pa nan Oksitani. Menm jan ak Provence, Dofin an sitiye nan lès Oksitani, men nan mitan tè pwensipal la, sètadi nan sid Alp yo (Vercors) ak nan Vale Rhône ant Montélimar ak Valence (Vivarais). Li enpòtan pou note ke Dofin Oksitan an pwolonje yon ti kras nan peyi [[Itali]] tou (&quot;Las Valadas&quot;).

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==


[[Kategori:Frans]]
[[Kategori:Itali]]
[[Kategori:Espay]]
[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4355" sha1="e8egcg6l2uqz9jsdsoo8ps22ut75mlv" xml:space="preserve">[[Fichye:Parçans d'Occitania Regions of Occitania Pays d'Occitania.png|thumb|Rejyon istorik nan Oksitani.]]
[[Fichye:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|thumb|Drapo oksitan.]]

'''Oksitani''' (''Occitània'' nan [[lang oksitan]]) se yon rejyon kiltirèl ak istorik nan sidwès [[Ewòp]]. Eleman prensipal ki karakterize li se kilti li yo ak lang li yo, [[Lang oksitan|lang d'ok]] la ki te ba li non li.

Pifò nan Oksitani se kounye a ki sitiye nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] kote, depi [[2016]], yon [[Oksitani (rejyon administratif)|rejyon administratif]] ki pi piti te gen menm non an.

'''Oksitani''' konpoze de sèt pwovens istorik:

'''1/ Languedoc''' (''Lengadòc'' nan lang oksitan), abrevyasyon pou &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc&quot; (Tè Lang Oksitan an), koresponn apeprè ak aks Toulouse-Mediterane a, ki gen ladan Pays de Foix, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Béziers, ak Montpellier. &quot;Occitania,&quot; ki te ban nou &quot;Occitanie&quot; an franse, se te senpleman fòm laten medyeval &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc.&quot;

'''2/ Guyenne''' (''Guiana'' nan lang oksitan), pafwa yo rele &quot;Haut Languedoc&quot; (Anwo Languedoc). Sa a se pwovens ki pi santral nan Oksitani. Li se yon pwovens ki gen anpil mòn (&quot;Anwo&quot;), li travèse sid Masif Santral la soti nan lwès rive nan lès, li soti Bergerac (nan Dordogne) rive Alès (nan Gard), li pase nan Cahors, Montauban, Albi, ak Rodez. Aurillac, byenke li nan Cantal, li pi asosye ak Guyenne pase ak Auvergne. Mo &quot;Guyenne&quot; a se yon koripsyon medyeval '''Aquitaine'''. Pwovens Guyenne nan gen ladan l, an patikilye, Quercy, Rouergue, Gévaudan, ak Cévennes yo.

'''3/ Gascogne / Gascony''' (''Gasconha'' nan lang oksitan. Pwovens sa a koresponn apeprè ak triyang ki fòme pa kòt Atlantik la, rivyè Garonne nan, ak mòn Pirene yo. Pi gwo vil nan Gascony se Bòdo, men Auch (nan Armagnac) konsidere kòm kapital istorik li. Pau te jwe yon wòl politik enpòtan tou nan tan lontan, li te kapital Prensip Béarn epi pita Wayòm Basse-Navarre la. Konurbasyon Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) la se yon zòn tranzisyon ibrid ant Oksitani ak Peyi Bask la. Val d'Aran, pati ki pi sid nan Comminges, fè pati Gascony tou. Karakteristik inik nan ti vale Pirene sa a se ke li fè pati Espay, e kontrèman ak Lafrans, [[Lang oksitan|Oksitan]] (nan fòm Gaskon lokal li ke yo rekonèt kòm &quot;Aranés&quot;) gen estati ko-ofisyèl ansanm ak [[Lang katalan|Katalan]] ak [[Lang panyòl|Panyòl]].
[[Fichye:Auvergne carte.png|200px|thumb|right|Sitiyasyon Ovègn an Frans]]
'''4/ [[Ovègn|Auvergne / Ovègn]]''' (''Auvèrnhe'' nan lang oksitan). Sitiye nan nòdès Oksitani, li se yon rejyon montay nan kè Masif Santral la. Li koresponn apeprè ak depatman franse Cantal (eksepte Aurillac, nan Guyenne), Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, ak sid Allier (eksepte Montluçon, nan Limousin). Vil prensipal li yo se Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Riom, Issoire, Saint-Flour, ak Thiers.

'''5/ Limousin''' (''Lemosin'' nan lang oksitan), ki koresponn ak pati nò Oksitani a, se tou senpleman rejyon [[Limoges]] la, ki gen ladan Périgord nan sid (rejyon [[Périgueux]]) ak Marche nan nò (depatman franse [[Creuse]] aktyèl la, ak yon ti pati nan Allier alantou Montluçon).

'''6/ [[Provence]]''' (''Provença'' nan lang oksitan). Sa a se pati ki pi lès Oksitanie a, ki gen fwontyè ak Mediterane a (Riviera franse ak Camargue) ak pye mòn sid Alp yo (Luberon). Prensipal vil Provence yo se Masèy, Nis, Toulon, Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Forcalquier, Arles, Cannes, Orange, Fréjus, ak Saint-Tropez. Monako fè pati Provence tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan. Nîmes, byenke li nan depatman Gard, fè pati Provence tou (alòske Alès deja nan Guyenne).
[[Fichye:Dauphinois - carte linguistique du Dauphiné.png|200px|thumb|right|Pwovens Dofiné a. An jòn: pati Oksitan an.]]
'''7/ Dauphiné / Dofiné a''' (''Daufinat'' nan lang oksitan), oubyen &quot;Pays Gavot&quot;. Se sèlman mwatye sid Dofiné a ki aktyèlman Oksitan; Grenoble, kapital istorik pwovens sa a, pa nan Oksitani. Menm jan ak [[Provence]], Dofiné a sitiye nan lès Oksitani, men nan mitan tè pwensipal la, sètadi nan sid [[Alp]] yo (Vercors) ak nan Vale Rhône ant Montélimar ak Valence (Vivarais). Li enpòtan pou note ke Dofiné Oksitan an pwolonje yon ti kras nan peyi [[Itali]] tou (&quot;Las Valadas&quot;).

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==


[[Kategori:Frans]]
[[Kategori:Itali]]
[[Kategori:Espay]]
[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:19:27Z</timestamp>
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        <id>28592</id>
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[[Fichye:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|thumb|Drapo oksitan.]]

'''Oksitani''' (''Occitània'' nan [[lang oksitan]]) se yon rejyon kiltirèl ak istorik nan sidwès [[Ewòp]]. Eleman prensipal ki karakterize li se kilti li yo ak lang li yo, [[Lang oksitan|lang d'ok]] la ki te ba li non li.

Pifò nan Oksitani se kounye a ki sitiye nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] kote, depi [[2016]], yon [[Oksitani (rejyon administratif)|rejyon administratif]] ki pi piti te gen menm non an.

'''Oksitani''' konpoze de sèt pwovens istorik:

'''1/ Languedoc''' (''Lengadòc'' nan lang oksitan), abrevyasyon pou &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc&quot; (Tè Lang Oksitan an), koresponn apeprè ak aks Toulouse-Mediterane a, ki gen ladan Pays de Foix, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Béziers, ak Montpellier. &quot;Occitania,&quot; ki te ban nou &quot;Occitanie&quot; an franse, se te senpleman fòm laten medyeval &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc.&quot;

'''2/ Guyenne''' (''Guiana'' nan lang oksitan), pafwa yo rele &quot;Haut Languedoc&quot; (Anwo Languedoc). Sa a se pwovens ki pi santral nan Oksitani. Li se yon pwovens ki gen anpil mòn (&quot;Anwo&quot;), li travèse sid Masif Santral la soti nan lwès rive nan lès, li soti Bergerac (nan Dordogne) rive Alès (nan Gard), li pase nan Cahors, Montauban, Albi, ak Rodez. Aurillac, byenke li nan Cantal, li pi asosye ak Guyenne pase ak Auvergne. Mo &quot;Guyenne&quot; a se yon koripsyon medyeval '''Aquitaine'''. Pwovens Guyenne nan gen ladan l, an patikilye, Quercy, Rouergue, Gévaudan, ak Cévennes yo.

'''3/ Gascogne / Gascony''' (''Gasconha'' nan lang oksitan. Pwovens sa a koresponn apeprè ak triyang ki fòme pa kòt Atlantik la, rivyè Garonne nan, ak mòn Pirene yo. Pi gwo vil nan Gascony se Bòdo, men Auch (nan Armagnac) konsidere kòm kapital istorik li. Pau te jwe yon wòl politik enpòtan tou nan tan lontan, li te kapital Prensip Béarn epi pita Wayòm Basse-Navarre la. Konurbasyon Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) la se yon zòn tranzisyon ibrid ant Oksitani ak Peyi Bask la. Val d'Aran, pati ki pi sid nan Comminges, fè pati Gascony tou. Karakteristik inik nan ti vale Pirene sa a se ke li fè pati Espay, e kontrèman ak Lafrans, [[Lang oksitan|Oksitan]] (nan fòm Gaskon lokal li ke yo rekonèt kòm &quot;Aranés&quot;) gen estati ko-ofisyèl ansanm ak [[Lang katalan|Katalan]] ak [[Lang panyòl|Panyòl]].
[[Fichye:Auvergne carte.png|200px|thumb|right|Sitiyasyon Ovègn an Frans]]
'''4/ [[Ovègn|Auvergne / Ovègn]]''' (''Auvèrnhe'' nan lang oksitan). Sitiye nan nòdès Oksitani, li se yon rejyon montay nan kè Masif Santral la. Li koresponn apeprè ak depatman franse Cantal (eksepte Aurillac, nan Guyenne), Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, ak sid Allier (eksepte Montluçon, nan Limousin). Vil prensipal li yo se Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Riom, Issoire, Saint-Flour, ak Thiers.

'''5/ Limousin''' (''Lemosin'' nan lang oksitan), ki koresponn ak pati nò Oksitani a, se tou senpleman rejyon [[Limoges]] la, ki gen ladan Périgord nan sid (rejyon [[Périgueux]]) ak Marche nan nò (depatman franse [[Creuse]] aktyèl la, ak yon ti pati nan Allier alantou Montluçon).

'''6/ [[Provence]]''' (''Provença'' nan lang oksitan). Sa a se pati ki pi lès Oksitanie a, ki gen fwontyè ak Mediterane a (Riviera franse ak Camargue) ak pye mòn sid Alp yo (Luberon). Prensipal vil Provence yo se Masèy, Nis, Toulon, Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Forcalquier, Arles, Cannes, Orange, Fréjus, ak Saint-Tropez. Monako fè pati Provence tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan. Nîmes, byenke li nan depatman Gard, fè pati Provence tou (alòske Alès deja nan Guyenne).
[[Fichye:Dauphinois - carte linguistique du Dauphiné.png|200px|thumb|right|Pwovens Dofiné a. An jòn: pati Oksitan an.]]
'''7/ Dauphiné / Dofiné a''' (''Daufinat'' nan lang oksitan), oubyen &quot;Pays Gavot&quot;. Se sèlman mwatye sid Dofiné a ki aktyèlman Oksitan; Grenoble, kapital istorik pwovens sa a, pa nan Oksitani. Menm jan ak [[Provence]], Dofiné a sitiye nan lès Oksitani, men nan mitan tè pwensipal la, sètadi nan sid [[Alp]] yo (Vercors) ak nan Vale Rhône ant Montélimar ak Valence. Li enpòtan pou note ke Dofiné Oksitan an pwolonje yon ti kras nan peyi [[Itali]] tou (&quot;Las Valadas&quot;).

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==


[[Kategori:Frans]]
[[Kategori:Itali]]
[[Kategori:Espay]]
[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882097</id>
      <parentid>882096</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:20:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882097</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4352" sha1="jnr2p2amagypznttila7f94xtba74hy" xml:space="preserve">[[Fichye:Parçans d'Occitania Regions of Occitania Pays d'Occitania.png|thumb|Rejyon istorik nan Oksitani.]]
[[Fichye:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|thumb|Drapo oksitan.]]

'''Oksitani''' (''Occitània'' nan [[lang oksitan]]) se yon rejyon kiltirèl ak istorik nan sidwès [[Ewòp]]. Eleman prensipal ki karakterize li se kilti li yo ak lang li yo, [[Lang oksitan|lang d'ok]] la ki te ba li non li.

Pifò nan Oksitani se kounye a ki sitiye nan [[Frans|Lafrans]] kote, depi [[2016]], yon [[Oksitani (rejyon administratif)|rejyon administratif]] ki pi piti te gen menm non an.

'''Oksitani''' konpoze de sèt pwovens istorik:

'''1/ Languedoc''' (''Lengadòc'' nan lang oksitan), abrevyasyon pou &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc&quot; (Tè Lang Oksitan an), koresponn apeprè ak aks Toulouse-Mediterane a, ki gen ladan Pays de Foix, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Béziers, ak Montpellier. &quot;Occitania,&quot; ki te ban nou &quot;Occitanie&quot; an franse, se te senpleman fòm laten medyeval &quot;Pays de Langue d'oc.&quot;

'''2/ Guyenne''' (''Guiana'' nan lang oksitan), pafwa yo rele &quot;Haut Languedoc&quot; (Anwo Languedoc). Sa a se pwovens ki pi santral nan Oksitani. Li se yon pwovens ki gen anpil mòn (&quot;Anwo&quot;), li travèse sid Masif Santral la soti nan lwès rive nan lès, li soti Bergerac (nan Dordogne) rive Alès (nan Gard), li pase nan Cahors, Montauban, Albi, ak Rodez. Aurillac, byenke li nan Cantal, li pi asosye ak Guyenne pase ak Auvergne. Mo &quot;Guyenne&quot; a se yon koripsyon medyeval '''Aquitaine'''. Pwovens Guyenne nan gen ladan l, an patikilye, Quercy, Rouergue, Gévaudan, ak Cévennes yo.

'''3/ Gascogne / Gascony''' (''Gasconha'' nan lang oksitan. Pwovens sa a koresponn apeprè ak triyang ki fòme pa kòt Atlantik la, rivyè Garonne nan, ak mòn Pirene yo. Pi gwo vil nan Gascony se Bòdo, men Auch (nan Armagnac) konsidere kòm kapital istorik li. Pau te jwe yon wòl politik enpòtan tou nan tan lontan, li te kapital Prensip Béarn epi pita Wayòm Basse-Navarre la. Konurbasyon Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) la se yon zòn tranzisyon ibrid ant Oksitani ak Peyi Bask la. Val d'Aran, pati ki pi sid nan Comminges, fè pati Gascony tou. Karakteristik inik nan ti vale Pirene sa a se ke li fè pati Espay, e kontrèman ak Lafrans, [[Lang oksitan|Oksitan]] (nan fòm Gaskon lokal li ke yo rekonèt kòm &quot;Aranés&quot;) gen estati ko-ofisyèl ansanm ak [[Lang katalan|Katalan]] ak [[Lang panyòl|Panyòl]].
[[Fichye:Auvergne carte.png|200px|thumb|right|Sitiyasyon Ovègn an Frans]]
'''4/ [[Ovègn|Auvergne / Ovègn]]''' (''Auvèrnhe'' nan lang oksitan). Sitiye nan nòdès Oksitani, li se yon rejyon montay nan kè Masif Santral la. Li koresponn apeprè ak depatman franse Cantal (eksepte Aurillac, nan Guyenne), Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, ak sid Allier (eksepte Montluçon, nan Limousin). Vil prensipal li yo se Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Riom, Issoire, Saint-Flour, ak Thiers.

'''5/ Limousin''' (''Lemosin'' nan lang oksitan), ki koresponn ak pati nò Oksitani a, se tou senpleman rejyon [[Limoges]] la, ki gen ladan Périgord nan sid (rejyon [[Périgueux]]) ak Marche nan nò (depatman franse [[Creuse]] aktyèl la, ak yon ti pati nan Allier alantou Montluçon).

'''6/ [[Provence]]''' (''Provença'' nan lang oksitan). Sa a se pati ki pi lès Oksitanie a, ki gen fwontyè ak Mediterane a (Riviera franse ak Camargue) ak pye mòn sid Alp yo (Luberon). Prensipal vil Provence yo se [[Masèy]], [[Nis]], Toulon, Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Forcalquier, Arles, Cannes, Orange, Fréjus, ak Saint-Tropez. Monako fè pati Provence tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan. Nîmes, byenke li nan depatman Gard, fè pati Provence tou (alòske Alès deja nan Guyenne).
[[Fichye:Dauphinois - carte linguistique du Dauphiné.png|200px|thumb|right|Pwovens Dofiné a. An jòn: pati Oksitan an.]]
'''7/ Dauphiné / Dofiné a''' (''Daufinat'' nan lang oksitan), oubyen &quot;Pays Gavot&quot;. Se sèlman mwatye sid Dofiné a ki aktyèlman Oksitan; Grenoble, kapital istorik pwovens sa a, pa nan Oksitani. Menm jan ak [[Provence]], Dofiné a sitiye nan lès Oksitani, men nan mitan tè pwensipal la, sètadi nan sid [[Alp]] yo (Vercors) ak nan Vale Rhône ant Montélimar ak Valence. Li enpòtan pou note ke Dofiné Oksitan an pwolonje yon ti kras nan peyi [[Itali]] tou (&quot;Las Valadas&quot;).

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==


[[Kategori:Frans]]
[[Kategori:Itali]]
[[Kategori:Espay]]
[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
      <sha1>jnr2p2amagypznttila7f94xtba74hy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Annie Grégorio</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74140</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882099</id>
      <parentid>742381</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:32:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882099</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7969" sha1="ox08evvtn7whduotzgl6fi52ukurdw5" xml:space="preserve">'''Annie Grégorio''', ki fèt [[4 avril]] [[1957]] nan [[Nérac]] nan depatman [[Lot-et-Garonne]] ([[Frans]]), se yon [[aktè|aktris]] [[Frans|fransèz]].
== Biyografi ==
== Zèv li yo (seleksyon) ==
=== Sinema ===
* [[1985]] : ''[[Tranches de vie (fim)|Tranches de vie]]'' de [[François Leterrier]]
* [[1986]] : ''[[Manège (fim)|Manège]]'' de [[Jacques Nolot]]
* [[1986]] : ''[[Cours privé]]'' de [[Pierre Granier-Deferre]]
* [[1989]] : ''[[Périgord Noir]]'' de [[Nicolas Ribowski]]
* [[1992]] : ''[[Le Zèbre (fim)|Le Zèbre]]'' de [[Jean Poiret]]
* [[1993]] : ''[[Les Ténors]]'' de [[Francis de Gueltzl]]
* [[11995]] : ''[[Désiré (fim, 1996)|Désiré]]'' de [[Bernard Murat (metteur en scène)|Bernard Murat]]
* [[1996]] : ''[[Fallait pas !...]]'' de [[Gérard Jugnot]]
* [[1996]] : ''[[Fantôme avec chauffeur]]'' de [[Gérard Oury]]
* [[1996]] : ''[[Les Aveux de l'innocent]]'' de [[Jean-Pierre Améris]]
* [[1997]] : ''[[Les Sœurs Soleil]]'' de [[Jeannot Szwarc]]
* [[1998]] : ''[[La voie est libre]]'' de [[Stéphane Clavier]]
* [[1999]] : ''[[Le Schpountz (fim, 1999)|Le Schpountz]]'' de [[Gérard Oury]]
* [[1999]] : ''[[Un pur moment de rock'n roll]]'' de [[Manuel Boursinhac]]
* [[2001]] : ''[[C'est la vie (fim, 2001)|C'est la vie]]'' de [[Jean-Pierre Améris]]
* [[2001]] : ''[[Le Cœur sur la main (fim, 2001)|Le Cœur sur la main]]'' de [[Marie-Anne Chazel]] (kout fim)
* [[2003]] : ''[[Bienvenue au gîte]]'' de [[Claude Duty]]
* [[2004]] : ''[[Au secours, j'ai 30 ans !]]'' de [[Marie-Anne Chazel]]
* [[2004]] : ''[[Victoire (fim)|Victoire]]'' de [[Stéphanie Murat]]
* [[2005]] : ''[[L'Antidote]]'' de [[Vincent de Brus]]
* [[2006]] : ''[[Monsieur Léon (fim)|Monsieur Léon]]'' de [[Pierre Boutron]]
* [[2007]] : ''[[Un secret (fim)|Un secret]]'' de [[Claude Miller]]
* [[2008]] : ''[[Modern Love (fim, 2008)|Modern love]]'' de [[Stéphane Kazandjian]]
* [[2008]] : ''[[Musée haut, musée bas (fim)|Musée haut, musée bas]]'' de [[Jean-Michel Ribes]]
* [[2010]] : ''[[Tête de turc (fim, 2010)|Tête de turc]]'' de [[Pascal Elbé]]
* [[2014]] : ''[[Brèves de comptoir (fim)|Brèves de comptoir]]'' de [[Jean-Michel Ribes]]
* [[2015]] : ''[[Saint Loin la mauderne|Un village presque parfait]]'' de [[Stéphane Meunier]]
* [[2016]] : ''[[Les Visiteurs : La Révolution]]'' de [[Jean-Marie Poiré]]
* [[2016]] : ''[[Maman a tort (fim)|Maman a tort]]'' de [[Marc Fitoussi]]
* [[2018]] : ''[[Les Municipaux]]'' de [[Francis Ginibre]] ak [[Éric Carrière]]
=== Televizyon ===
* [[1982]] : ''[[Le Petit Théâtre de Bouvard|Le Théâtre de Bouvard]]'', émission de [[Philippe Bouvard]]
* [[1988]] : ''[[Les Enquêtes du commissaire Maigret]]'', épisode ''La Morte qui assassina,'' réalisé par [[Youri (réalisateur)|Youri]] : patwon restoran
* [[1992]] : ''[[Les Années FM]]'', seri : Maia 
* [[1992]] : ''[[Maguy]]'', épisode 302 ''Maguy, Georges, Pierre, Rose et les autres...'' : Julie Plumet, l'actrice jouant Maguy
* [[1994]] : ''[[Maigret (seri, 1991)|Maigret]]'', épisode ''[[Épisodes de Maigret#Épisode 15 : Maigret se trompe|Maigret se trompe]]'' réalisé par [[Joyce Buñuel]] : la nourrice
* [[1996]] : ''[[L'Allée du roi]]'' de [[Nina Companeez]] : la reine [[Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche (1638-1683)|Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche]]
* [[1996]] : ''[[L'Orange de Noël (fim)|L'Orange de Noël]]'' de [[Jean-Louis Lorenzi]] : Jeanne
* [[1997]]-[[2002]] : ''[[Un homme en colère (seri)|Un homme en colère]]'', série créée par [[Mireille Lanteri]] ak [[Bernard Marié]] : Mitzi Goldberg
* [[1997]] : ''[[Un petit grain de folie]]'' de [[Sébastien Grall]]
* [[1997]] : ''[[Un printemps de chien]]'' d'[[Alain Tasma]] : Graziella 
* [[1998]] : ''[[Combats de femme]]'', épisode ''L'Amour à vif'' de [[Jean-Pierre Améris]] : Marianne 
* [[1999]] : ''[[Tramontane (seri)|Tramontane]]'', mini-série réalisée par [[Henri Helman]] : Madanm Thuir, la prof d'histoire-géographie
* [[1999]] : ''[[Chère Marianne]]'', épisode-pilot, réalisé par [[Pierre Joassin]] : {{Mlle}} Minondo 
* [[2000]] : ''[[Mary Lester (série télévisée)|Mary Lester]]'', épisode ''Maéna'' réalisé par [[Christiane Lehérissey]] : sikolog  
* [[2001]] : ''[[Rastignac ou les Ambitieux]]'', mini-seri kreye pa [[Ève de Castro]] ak [[Natalie Carter]] : Zoé
* [[2001]] : ''[[Joséphine, ange gardien]]'', épisode ''[[Liste_des_%C3%A9pisodes_de_Jos%C3%A9phine,_ange_gardien#Épisode_15_:_La_Comédie_du_bonheur|La Comédie du bonheur]]'' réalisé par Dominique Baron : {{Mme}} Berthier
* [[2003]] : ''[[Ambre a disparu]]'' de [[Denys Granier-Deferre]] : Annie
* [[2004]] : ''[[Maigret (seri, 1991)|Maigret]]'', épisode ''[[Épisodes de Maigret#Épisode 51 : Maigret en meublé|Maigret en meublé]]'' reyalize pa [[Laurent Heynemann]] : Sophie Clément
* [[2005]] : ''[[Inséparables (seri)|Inséparables]]'', épisode ''Tout nouveau, tout beau'' réalisé par [[Élisabeth Rappeneau]] 
* [[2005]]-[[2008]] : ''[[Merci, les enfants vont bien]]'', seri : Babette
* [[2006]]-[[2015]] : ''[[Les Enquêtes du commissaire Laviolette]]'', seri kreye pa [[Christian Charret]] ak [[Jacques Salles]] : Solange
* [[2006]] : ''[[Monsieur Léon (fim)|Monsieur Léon]]'' de [[Pierre Boutron]] : Odette
* [[2006]] : ''[[Marie Besnard, l'empoisonneuse]]'' de [[Christian Faure (reyalizatè)|Christian Faure]] : Louise Pinson
* [[2001]] : ''[[Joséphine, ange gardien]]'', épisode ''[[Liste_des_%C3%A9pisodes_de_Jos%C3%A9phine,_ange_gardien#Épisode_34_:_Un_passé_pour_l'avenir|Un passé par l'avenir]]'' reyalize pa [[Philippe Monnier (reyalizatè)|Philippe Monnier]] : Martine Teyssier
* [[2007]] : ''[[L'Étrangère]]'' de [[José Pinheiro]]
* [[2007]] : ''[[La Prophétie d'Avignon]]'' mini-seri kreye pa [[Emmanuelle Rey-Magnan]] ak [[Pascal Fontanille]] : komisè Renard
* [[2007]] : ''[[Les Diablesses (fim, 2007)|Les Diablesses]]'' d'[[Harry Cleven]] : Sè Blandine
* [[2008]] : ''[[De feu et de glace]]'' de [[Joyce Buñuel]] : Viviane
* [[2008]] : ''[[Adrien (fim)|Adrien]]'' de [[Pascale Bailly]] : Odile
* [[2009]] : ''[[Mourir d'aimer (fim, 2009)|Mourir d'aimer]]'' de [[Josée Dayan]] : Marie Guilbert
* [[2009]] : ''[[Folie douce (fim, 2009)|Folie douce]]'' de [[Josée Dayan]] : enfimyè nan klinik sikyatrik
* [[2010]] : ''[[Contes et nouvelles du XIXe siècle]]'', épisode ''[[Contes_et_nouvelles_du_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle#On_purge_bébé|On purge bébé]]'' reyalize pa [[Gérard Jourd'hui]] : Rose
* [[2010]]-[[2012]] : ''[[Clem (seri)|Clem]]'', seri kreye pa [[Emmanuelle Rey Magnan]] et [[Pascal Fontanille]], sezon 1 ak 2 : Madmwazèl Lecoutre
* [[2011]] : ''[[Les Ripoux anonymes]]'' de [[Claude Zidi|Claude]] ak [[Julien Zidi]] : Berthier
* [[2011]] : ''[[Chez Maupassant]]'', epizòd ''Mon oncle Sosthène'' reyalize pa [[Gérard Jourd'hui]] : Henriette 
* [[2011]]-[[2012]] : ''[[Week-end chez les toquées]]'', seri kreye pa [[Catherine Touzet]] ak [[Ludovic Pion Dumas]] : Lili
* [[2014]] : ''[[Scènes de ménages]]'', épisode ''L'Album de famille'' : Anna, sè José
* [[2015]] : ''[[On se retrouvera (fim) |On se retrouvera]]'' de [[Joyce Buñuel]] : Nanou
* [[2015]] : ''[[Crimes et botanique]]'', seri reyalize pa [[Bruno Garcia (reyalizatè)|Bruno Garcia]] ak [[Lorenzo Gabriele]] : Marjolaine
* [[2016]] : ''[[Meurtres à Grasse]]'' de [[Karim Ouaret]] : Marianne Dusseyre
* [[2018]]-  : ''[[Plus belle la vie]]'' : Claire Richet
* [[2019]]- : ''[[Scènes de ménages]]'' : Anna, sè José
* [[2020]] : ''[[Maddy Etcheban]]'' de [[René Manzor]] : Komisè Florentin
* [[2020]] : ''[[Le Canal des secrets]]'' de [[Julien Zidi]] : Carmen

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0344922/ Annie Grégorio] sou IMDb

{{DEFAULTSORT:Grégorio, Annie}}
[[Kategori:Moun]]
[[Kategori:Fanm]]
[[Kategori:Aktè]]
[[Kategori:Aktè sinema]]
[[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]]
[[Kategori:Aktè franse]]
[[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1957]]
[[Kategori:Nesans nan Oksitani]]
[[Kategori:Aktè ki soti Oksitani]]</text>
      <sha1>ox08evvtn7whduotzgl6fi52ukurdw5</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>François Valorbe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77969</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882107</id>
      <parentid>781263</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:58:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882107</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3756" sha1="9r1auv9jgzlm48ku2m2c8bv8ltort8e" xml:space="preserve">'''Ludovic-Régis-Henri-François Hurault, vicomte de Vibraye''', rele '''François Valorbe''', ki fèt [[20 oktòb]] [[1914]] nan [[Bòdò]] nan depatman [[Gironde (depatman)|Gironde]] ([[Frans]]), epi ki mouri [[23 jen]] [[1977]] nan [[Boulogne-Billancourt]] ([[Frans]]), se yon powèt, otè ak [[aktè]] franse.
== Biyografi ==


== Zèv li yo ==
* [[1950]] : ''[[Journal d'un curé de campagne (fim)|Journal d'un curé de campagne]]'' de [[Robert Bresson]]
* [[1950]] : ''[[Sucre et Sécurité]]'' de [[G. Damas]] (kout fim)
* [[1951]] : ''[[Agence matrimoniale]]'' de [[Jean-Paul Le Chanois]]
* [[1951]] : ''[[Une fille sur la route]]'' de [[Jean Stelli]]
* [[1951]] : ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'' d'[[Henri-Georges Clouzot]]
* [[1952]] : ''[[Je suis un mouchard]]'' de [[René Chanas]]
* [[1953]] : ''[[Les Enfants de l'amour]]'' de [[Léonide Moguy]]
* [[1954]] : ''[[Futures Vedettes]]'' de [[Marc Allégret]]
* [[1956]] : ''[[La Neige en deuil (fim)|La Neige en deuil]]'' d'[[Edward Dmytryk]] : pwopryetè otèl 
* [[1957]] : ''[[Cargaison blanche]]'' de [[Georges Lacombe (reyalizatè)|Georges Lacombe]]
* [[1958]] : ''[[Du rififi chez les femmes]]'' d'[[Alex Joffé]]
* [[1958]] : ''[[Gigi (fim, 1958)|Gigi]]'' de [[Vincente Minnelli]] : Henri, majòdòm Gaston 
* [[1960]] : ''[[Fortunat (fim)|Fortunat]]'' d'[[Alex Joffé]]
* [[1962]] : ''[[Les Culottes rouges]]'' d'[[Alex Joffé]] : ofisye alman nan espektak nan twoup 
* [[1965]] : ''[[Le Gendarme à New York]]'' de [[Jean Girault]] : entèprèt otèl 
* [[1965]] : ''[[La Grosse Caisse]]'' d'[[Alex Joffé]] : direktè de la R.A.T.P 
* [[1965]] : ''[[La Métamorphose des cloportes (fim)|La Métamorphose des cloportes]]'' de [[Pierre Granier-Deferre]] : anplwaye nan ajans placsman
* [[1966]] : ''[[La Nuit des généraux]]'' d'[[Anatole Litvak]] : Plotting, ofisye alman 
* [[1966]] : ''[[La Fantastique Histoire vraie d'Eddie Chapman|Triple cross]]'' ou ''[[La Fantastique Histoire vraie d'Eddie Chapman]]'' de [[Terence Young (reyalizatè)|Terence Young]] : kòmandan S.S
* [[1967]] : ''[[Les Enquêtes du commissaire Maigret]]'' de [[Claude Barma]], epizòd : ''[[Cécile est morte (fim)|Cécile est morte]]'' TV
* [[1968]] : ''[[Paris n'existe pas]]'' de [[Robert Benayoun]]
*1968 : ''[[L'Homme de l'ombre]]'' de [[Guy Jorré]], epizòd : ''Neuf mille et un soleils'', seri TV
* [[1971]] : ''[[La Veuve Couderc (fim)|La Veuve Couderc]]'' de [[Pierre Granier-Deferre]] : kolonèl Croix de Feu
* [[1972]] : ''[[4500 kilos d'or pur]]'' de [[Philippe Ducrest]] : Antoine Verdi
* [[1973]] : ''[[La Duchesse d'Avila]]'' de [[Philippe Ducrest]] (TV) : don Cuervas 
* [[1973]] : ''[[Le Train (film, 1973)|Le Train]]'' de [[Pierre Granier-Deferre]] : chèf nan tren
* [[1974]] : ''[[La Coupe à dix francs]]'' de [[Philippe Condroyer]] : Forger
* [[1974]] : ''[[Que la fête commence]]'' de [[Bertrand Tavernier]] : Msye de Rochefort
* [[1974]] : ''[[Sérieux comme le plaisir]]'' de [[Robert Benayoun]]
* [[1976]] : ''[[Les Brigades du Tigre (seri)|Les Brigades du Tigre]]'', epizòd ''[[Les Brigades du Tigre (série_télévisée)#Saison 3 (1976-1977)|L'homme à la casquette]] de [[Victor Vicas]]
* [[1977]] : ''[[Il était une fois la Légion]]'' (''March or Die'') de [[Dick Richards (reyalizatè)|Dick Richards]] : detektiv
* [[1977]] : ''[[L'Animal (fim)|L'Animal]]'' de [[Claude Zidi]]

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/&amp;id=nm0885337 François Valorbe] sou IMDb

{{DEFAULTSORT:Valorbe, François}}
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[[Kategori:Aktè ki soti Oksitani]]</text>
      <sha1>9r1auv9jgzlm48ku2m2c8bv8ltort8e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882108</id>
      <parentid>882107</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:58:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882108</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3755" sha1="l20sviytgq8mfutde0spu1rpx1f0jan" xml:space="preserve">'''Ludovic-Régis-Henri-François Hurault, vicomte de Vibraye''', rele '''François Valorbe''', ki fèt [[20 oktòb]] [[1914]] nan [[Bòdo]] nan depatman [[Gironde (depatman)|Gironde]] ([[Frans]]), epi ki mouri [[23 jen]] [[1977]] nan [[Boulogne-Billancourt]] ([[Frans]]), se yon powèt, otè ak [[aktè]] franse.
== Biyografi ==


== Zèv li yo ==
* [[1950]] : ''[[Journal d'un curé de campagne (fim)|Journal d'un curé de campagne]]'' de [[Robert Bresson]]
* [[1950]] : ''[[Sucre et Sécurité]]'' de [[G. Damas]] (kout fim)
* [[1951]] : ''[[Agence matrimoniale]]'' de [[Jean-Paul Le Chanois]]
* [[1951]] : ''[[Une fille sur la route]]'' de [[Jean Stelli]]
* [[1951]] : ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'' d'[[Henri-Georges Clouzot]]
* [[1952]] : ''[[Je suis un mouchard]]'' de [[René Chanas]]
* [[1953]] : ''[[Les Enfants de l'amour]]'' de [[Léonide Moguy]]
* [[1954]] : ''[[Futures Vedettes]]'' de [[Marc Allégret]]
* [[1956]] : ''[[La Neige en deuil (fim)|La Neige en deuil]]'' d'[[Edward Dmytryk]] : pwopryetè otèl 
* [[1957]] : ''[[Cargaison blanche]]'' de [[Georges Lacombe (reyalizatè)|Georges Lacombe]]
* [[1958]] : ''[[Du rififi chez les femmes]]'' d'[[Alex Joffé]]
* [[1958]] : ''[[Gigi (fim, 1958)|Gigi]]'' de [[Vincente Minnelli]] : Henri, majòdòm Gaston 
* [[1960]] : ''[[Fortunat (fim)|Fortunat]]'' d'[[Alex Joffé]]
* [[1962]] : ''[[Les Culottes rouges]]'' d'[[Alex Joffé]] : ofisye alman nan espektak nan twoup 
* [[1965]] : ''[[Le Gendarme à New York]]'' de [[Jean Girault]] : entèprèt otèl 
* [[1965]] : ''[[La Grosse Caisse]]'' d'[[Alex Joffé]] : direktè de la R.A.T.P 
* [[1965]] : ''[[La Métamorphose des cloportes (fim)|La Métamorphose des cloportes]]'' de [[Pierre Granier-Deferre]] : anplwaye nan ajans placsman
* [[1966]] : ''[[La Nuit des généraux]]'' d'[[Anatole Litvak]] : Plotting, ofisye alman 
* [[1966]] : ''[[La Fantastique Histoire vraie d'Eddie Chapman|Triple cross]]'' ou ''[[La Fantastique Histoire vraie d'Eddie Chapman]]'' de [[Terence Young (reyalizatè)|Terence Young]] : kòmandan S.S
* [[1967]] : ''[[Les Enquêtes du commissaire Maigret]]'' de [[Claude Barma]], epizòd : ''[[Cécile est morte (fim)|Cécile est morte]]'' TV
* [[1968]] : ''[[Paris n'existe pas]]'' de [[Robert Benayoun]]
*1968 : ''[[L'Homme de l'ombre]]'' de [[Guy Jorré]], epizòd : ''Neuf mille et un soleils'', seri TV
* [[1971]] : ''[[La Veuve Couderc (fim)|La Veuve Couderc]]'' de [[Pierre Granier-Deferre]] : kolonèl Croix de Feu
* [[1972]] : ''[[4500 kilos d'or pur]]'' de [[Philippe Ducrest]] : Antoine Verdi
* [[1973]] : ''[[La Duchesse d'Avila]]'' de [[Philippe Ducrest]] (TV) : don Cuervas 
* [[1973]] : ''[[Le Train (film, 1973)|Le Train]]'' de [[Pierre Granier-Deferre]] : chèf nan tren
* [[1974]] : ''[[La Coupe à dix francs]]'' de [[Philippe Condroyer]] : Forger
* [[1974]] : ''[[Que la fête commence]]'' de [[Bertrand Tavernier]] : Msye de Rochefort
* [[1974]] : ''[[Sérieux comme le plaisir]]'' de [[Robert Benayoun]]
* [[1976]] : ''[[Les Brigades du Tigre (seri)|Les Brigades du Tigre]]'', epizòd ''[[Les Brigades du Tigre (série_télévisée)#Saison 3 (1976-1977)|L'homme à la casquette]] de [[Victor Vicas]]
* [[1977]] : ''[[Il était une fois la Légion]]'' (''March or Die'') de [[Dick Richards (reyalizatè)|Dick Richards]] : detektiv
* [[1977]] : ''[[L'Animal (fim)|L'Animal]]'' de [[Claude Zidi]]

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/&amp;id=nm0885337 François Valorbe] sou IMDb

{{DEFAULTSORT:Valorbe, François}}
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      <sha1>l20sviytgq8mfutde0spu1rpx1f0jan</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Victoire Bélézy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77988</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882104</id>
      <parentid>781377</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:52:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
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      <text bytes="1645" sha1="539hmej2vpkygnltazjyknuv73m3vpj" xml:space="preserve">'''Victoire Bélézy''', ki fèt [[24 desanm]] [[1987]] nan [[Limoges]] nan depatman [[Haute-Vienne]] ([[Frans]]), se yon [[Aktè|aktris]] ak [[metè an sèn]] fransèz.

== Biyografi ==


== Zèv li yo ==
=== Televizyon ===
* [[2009]] : ''[[Plus belle la vie]]'' (sezon 6) : Lara Bonny
* [[2010]] : ''[[Mon père, Francis le Belge]]'' de [[Frédéric Balekdjian]] : gadiyè
* 2010 : ''[[Un soupçon d'innocence]]'' : Farida
* [[2011]] : ''[[Frères (fim)|Frères]]'' de [[Virginie Sauveur]] : Nora
* [[2014]] : ''[[Rosemary's Baby (seri)|Rosemary's Baby]]'' d'[[Agnieszka Holland]] (mini-seri) : Nena
* [[2015]] : ''[[Crime à Aigues-Mortes]]'' de [[Claude-Michel Rome]] : Clémentine Garcia
* [[2015]] : ''[[Osmosis (seri)|Osmosis]]'' (wèbseri) : Harmony Lang
* [[2016]] : ''[[Lebowitz contre Lebowitz]]'' de [[Frédéric Berthe]] : Elodie Leroy
* [[2016]] : ''[[Le Sang de la vigne]]'' de [[Marc Rivière]] : Anaïs Deville
* [[2017]] : ''[[Candice Renoir]]'' : Laëtitia Grecco
* [[2020]] : ''[[Le Voyageur (seri, 2019)|Le Voyageur]]'' de [[Stéphanie Murat]] : Marie-Ange Saunier

=== Sinema ===
* [[2013]] : ''[[Fanny (fim, 2013)|Fanny]]'' de [[Daniel Auteuil]] : Fanny
* [[2013]] : ''[[Marius (fim, 2013)|Marius]]'' de [[Daniel Auteuil]] : Fanny

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3595344/ Victoire Bélézy] sou IMDb

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bélézy, Victoire}}
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      <sha1>539hmej2vpkygnltazjyknuv73m3vpj</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Léonie Simaga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>78595</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882106</id>
      <parentid>870623</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:55:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
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'''Léonie Simaga''', ki fèt an [[1978|1977]] nan [[Masèy]] ([[Frans]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://next.liberation.fr/theatre/2008/07/04/oh-du-don_75627|title=Léonie Simaga Oh du Don !|author=Didier Pourquery|website=liberation.fr|date=4 jiyè 2008|access-date=2021-04-23|archive-date=2021-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131091522/https://next.liberation.fr/theatre/2008/07/04/oh-du-don_75627|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; se yon [[Aktè|aktris]] ak [[metè an sèn|metèz an sèn]] [[Frans|fransèz]].

== Biyografi ==


== Zèv li yo ==
=== Sinema ===
* [[2004]] : ''Mathilde au matin'' de [[Maria de Medeiros]] (kout fim) : Mathilde 
* [[2009]] : ''[[Le Bal des actrices]]'' de [[Maïwenn]] : nounou
* [[2009]] : ''[[Copacabana (fim, 2010)|Copacabana]]'' de [[Marc Fitoussi]] : Katia
* [[2010]] : ''[[Mon pote]]'' de [[Marc Esposito]] : Anna
* [[2017]] : ''[[Jeune Femme (fim)|Jeune Femme]]'' de [[Léonor Serraille|Léonor Seraille]] : Yuki
* [[2017]] : ''[[Une saison en France]]'' de [[Mahamat Saleh Haroun]] : Martine
* [[2018]] : ''[[Les Chatouilles]]'' d'[[Andréa Bescond]] : Lola
* [[2019]] : ''[[Alice et le Maire]]'' de [[Nicolas Pariser]] : Isabelle Leinsdorf

=== Televizyon ===
* [[2009]] : '' [[Vénus et Apollon]]'' (seri) : Marianne
* [[2013]] : ''[[Surveillance (fim)|Surveillance]]'' de [[Sébastien Grall]] (fim tv) : Léa
* [[2013]] : ''[[Les Limiers (seri, 2013)|Les Limiers]]'' d'[[Alain DesRochers]] (seri) : Sarah Mauduit
* [[2014]] : ''[[Que d'amour !]]'' de [[Valérie Donzelli]] (fim tv) : Silvia
* [[2015]] : ''[[Trepalium (seri)|Trepalium]]'' de [[Vincent Lannoo]] (mini-seri) : Izia Kattel / Thaïs Garcia
* [[2018]] : ''[[Les Impatientes (seri)|Les Impatientes]]'' de [[Jean-Marc Brondolo]] (mini-seri) : Isabelle Maroni
* [[2020]] : ''[[Meurtres à...|Meurtres à Albi]]'' de [[Delphine Lemoine]] (fim tv) : Annabelle Dalmasio
* [[2020]] : ''[[The Eddy]],'' kreye pa [[Jack Thorne]] (seri) : Kòmandan Keïta
* [[2020]] : ''[[La Flamme (seri)|La Flamme]]'' ([[Canal+]]) (seri) : Sarah
* [[2021]] : ''[[Je te promets (seri)|Je te promets]]'' d'[[Arnaud Sélignac]] ak [[Renaud Bertrand]] (seri) : Agnès

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1597409/ Léonie Simaga] sou IMDb
* [http://www.africine.org/index.php/personne/leonie-simaga/51766 Léonie Simaga] sou africine.org

{{DEFAULTSORT:Simaga, Léonie}}
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Raoul Billerey</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>78844</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882103</id>
      <parentid>785125</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:51:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
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      <text bytes="5052" sha1="4bad5zgh796dddfvdvrj4yu6aavg0mw" xml:space="preserve">'''Émile Gaston Maurice Billerey''', rele '''Raoul Billerey''', ki fèt [[12 oktòb]] [[1920]] nan [[Nice]] nan depatman [[Alpes-Maritimes]] ([[Frans]], [[Provence|Rejyon Provence]]) epi ki mouri [[28 jiyè]] [[2010]] nan [[Limoux]] depatman [[Aude (depatman)|Aude]] ([[Frans]])&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2010/07/30/881421-Raoul-Billerey-la-derniere-cascade.html Annonce de la mort de Raoul Billerey sur ladepeche.fr]&lt;/ref&gt;, se yon mèt zam, [[kaskadè]] ak [[aktè]] franse.

== Biyografi ==


== Zèv li yo ==
=== Sinema ===
* [[1953]] : ''[[Les Trois Mousquetaires (fim, 1953)|Les Trois Mousquetaires]]'' d'[[André Hunebelle]]
* [[1954]] : ''[[Cadet Rousselle (fim, 1954)|Cadet-Rousselle]]'' d'[[André Hunebelle]]
* [[1955]] : ''[[L'Impossible Monsieur Pipelet]]'' d'[[André Hunebelle]]
* [[1955]] : ''[[La Mégère apprivoisée (fim, 1956)|La Mégère apprivoisée]]'' (''La fierecilla domada'') d'[[Antonio Román]]
* [[1956]] : ''[[Fernand cow-boy|Fernand Cow-boy]]'' de [[Guy Lefranc (reyalizatè)|Guy Lefranc]]
* [[1956]] : ''[[Action immédiate (fim, 1957)|Action immédiate]]'' de [[Maurice Labro]]
* [[1956]] : ''[[Ce soir les jupons volent]]'' de [[Dimitri Kirsanoff]]
* [[1958]] : ''[[Le Dos au mur (fim, 1958)|Le Dos au mur]]'' d'[[Édouard Molinaro]]
* [[1959]] : ''[[Le Bossu (fim, 1959)|Le Bossu]]'' d'[[André Hunebelle]]
* [[1959]] : ''[[Austerlitz (fim)|Austerlitz]]'' d'[[Abel Gance]]
*[[1960]] : ''[[Le Capitan (fim, 1960)|Le Capitan]]'' d' [[André Hunebelle]] 
* [[1960]] : ''[[Le Capitaine Fracasse (fim, 1961)|Le Capitaine Fracasse]]'' de [[Pierre Gaspard-Huit]]
* [[1961]] : ''[[Le Miracle des loups (fim, 1961)|Le Miracle des loups]]'' d'[[André Hunebelle]]
* [[1961]] : ''[[Cartouche (fim, 1962)|Cartouche]]'' de [[Philippe de Broca]]
* [[1962]] : ''[[Les Mystères de Paris (fim, 1962)|Les Mystères de Paris]]'' d'[[André Hunebelle]]
* [[1962]] : ''[[Le Chevalier de Pardaillan]]'' de [[Bernard Borderie]]
* [[1962]] : ''[[Le Masque de fer (fim, 1962)|Le Masque de fer]]'' d'[[Henri Decoin]]
* [[1963]] : ''[[L'Honorable Stanislas, agent secret]]'' de [[Jean-Charles Dudrumet]]
* [[1963]] : ''[[À toi de faire, Mignonne]]'' de [[Bernard Borderie]]
* [[1964]] : ''[[Merveilleuse Angélique]]'' de [[Bernard Borderie]]
* [[1964]] : ''[[Banco à Bangkok pour OSS 117|Banco à Bangkok pour O.S.S. 117]]'' d'[[André Hunebelle]]
* [[1965]] : ''[[Pleins feux sur Stanislas]]'' de [[Jean-Charles Dudrumet]]
* [[1968]] : ''[[L'Enfance nue]]'' de [[Maurice Pialat]]
* [[1968]] : ''[[Mister Freedom]]'' de [[William Klein]]
* [[1970]] : ''[[Les Camisards]]'' de [[René Allio]]
* [[1971]] : ''[[Les Yeux fermés (fim, 1972)|Les Yeux fermés]]'' de [[Joël Santoni]]
* [[1975]] : ''[[Les Loulous]]'' de [[Patrick Cabouat]]
* [[1978]] : ''[[Perceval le Gallois (fim)|Perceval le Gallois]]'' d'[[Éric Rohmer]]
* [[1981]] : ''[[Family Rock|Family rock]]'' de [[José Pinheiro]]
* [[1984]] : ''[[Hors-la-loi]]'' de [[Robin Davis]]
* [[1985]] : ''[[L'Effrontée]]'' de [[Claude Miller]] (le père de Charlotte)
* [[1985]] : ''[[Mon beau-frère a tué ma sœur]]'' de [[Jacques Rouffio]]
* [[1985]] : ''[[37°2 le matin]]'' de [[Jean-Jacques Beineix]]
* [[1986]] : ''[[Attention bandits !|Attention bandits]]'' de [[Claude Lelouch]]
* [[1986]] : ''[[Le Moine et la Sorcière|Le Moine et la sorcière]]'' de [[Suzanne Schiffman]]
* [[1987]] : ''[[Le Grand Chemin]]'' de [[Jean-Loup Hubert]] (le curé en noire soutane du village)
* [[1987]] : ''[[Noyade interdite]]'' de [[Pierre Granier-Deferre]]
* [[1987]] : ''[[Si le soleil ne revenait pas]]'' de [[Claude Goretta]]
* [[1987]] : ''[[Chouans !]]'' de [[Philippe de Broca]]
* [[1988]] : ''[[La Maison dans la dune (fim, 1988)|La Maison dans la dune]]'' de [[Michel Mees]] (film belge, inédit en France)
* [[1988]] : ''[[La Petite Voleuse]]'' de [[Claude Miller]]
* [[1988]] : ''[[Après la guerre (fim)|Après la guerre]]'' de [[Jean-Loup Hubert]]
* [[1989]] : ''[[Les P'tits vélos]]'' (''Il prete bello'') de [[Carlo Mazzacurati]]
* [[1990]] : ''[[Un type bien]]'' de [[Laurent Bénégui]]
* [[1991]] : ''[[Diên Biên Phu (fim)|Diên Biên Phu]]'' de [[Pierre Schœndœrffer|Pierre Schoendoerffer]]
* [[1993]] : ''[[Grosse Fatigue|Grosse fatigue]]'' de [[Michel Blanc]]
* [[1993]] : ''[[La Fille de d'Artagnan]]'' de [[Bertrand Tavernier]] (Porthos !)
* [[1995]] : ''[[Les Caprices d'un fleuve]]'' de [[Bernard Giraudeau]]
* [[1997]] : ''[[Oranges amères]]'' de [[Michel Such]]
* [[2001]] : ''[[Décalage horaire (fim)|Décalage horaire]]'' de [[Danièle Thompson]]
* [[2003]] : ''[[Ripoux 3]]'' de [[Claude Zidi]]
* [[2003]] : ''[[À ton image]]'' d'[[Aruna Villiers]]

== Referans ==
{{referans}}
== Lyen deyò ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0082380/ Raoul Billerey] sou IMDb

{{DEFAULTSORT:Billerey, Raoul}}
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[[Kategori:Lanmò 2010]]
[[Kategori:Nesans nan Oksitani]]
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  <page>
    <title>Bonya Ahmed</title>
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'''Rafida Bonya Ahmed''', ki pi byen konnen sou plim li '''Bonya Ahmed''', ki fèt nan lane [[1969 (almanak gregoryen)|1969]] , se yon [[ekriven]] Bangladèch-Ameriken, aktivis imanis ak bloguez &lt;ref name=&quot;independent.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/machetes-fail-to-maim-this-human-spirit-10366403.html|title=Machetes fail to maim this human spirit|date=4 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; .

== Biyografi ==
Rafida Bonya Ahmed te fèt an [[1969 (almanak gregoryen)|1969]] nan [[Daka|Dhaka]], [[Bangladèch]] . Li te resevwa diplòm bakaloreya li nan [[Enfòmatik|syans enfòmatik]] nan [[Université d'État du Minnesota (Mankato)|Minnesota State University, Mankato]] .

Bonya Ahmed te rankontre mari l, [[Avijit Roy]], atravè ekriti yo sou Mukto-Mona, premye platfòm sou entènèt pou lib panse, ate, ak blogueurs eksklizyon ak ekriven ki te fonde pa Avijit. Gwoup sa a te lanse premye selebrasyon [[Journée Darwin|Jounen Darwin]] nan Bangladèch &lt;ref name=&quot;independent.co.uk2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/machetes-fail-to-maim-this-human-spirit-10366403.html|title=Machetes fail to maim this human spirit|date=4 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Li se youn nan moderatè platfòm Mukto-Mona, ki te rekonèt entènasyonalman an 2015 e ki te resevwa [[The BOBs|pri jiri BOBS]] &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180310164327/http://thebobs.com/english/category/history/?year=history-2015&amp;content=winner The Bobs Best of Online Activism Award, 2015].&lt;/ref&gt; . Bonya Ahmed te ekri ''Bibortoner Path Dhore'' (&quot;Along the Path of Evolution&quot;, 2007), youn nan premye liv syans popilè nan Bangladèch sou evolisyon byolojik &lt;ref&gt;[বিবর্তনের পথ ধরে https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17675963] at GoodReads.&lt;/ref&gt; .

Bonya Ahmed gen yon pitit fi, Trisha Ahmed, ki soti nan premye maryaj li. Trisha Ahmed ekri yon atik ak bòpè li Avijit pou magazin ''[[Free Inquiry]]'' sou blogè [[Laïcité|eksklizyon yo]] nan prizon &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/features/bal-johns-hopkins-student-is-daughter-of-blogger-slain-in-bangladesh-20150302-story.html|title=Johns Hopkins student is daughter of blogger slain in Bangladesh|last=Sun|first=Baltimore}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Bonya Ahmed te dyagnostike ak [[Cancer de la thyroïde|kansè tiwoyid]] an 2011 men li te antre nan remisyon apre tretman entansif &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/25/asia/bangladesh-american-blogger-roy-daughter/index.html|title=Murdered blogger's daughter inspired by dad|last=Ahmed|first=Trisha|publisher=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt; .

Nan 26 février 2015, Bonya Ahmed ak Avijit Roy te atake pa [[Fondamentalisme islamique|ekstremis islamis]] [[manchèt|ki te gen manchèt]] pandan y ap vwayaje nan Daka nan yon vwayaj siyati liv. Yo atake yo nan mitan lari a pandan yon fwa liv okipe. Avijit Roy te mouri apre yo te mennen l lopital epi Bonya Ahmed te blese grav &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-31656222 US-Bangladesh blogger Avijit Roy hacked to death], BBC News, 27 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; {{,}} &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-31819649 Widow of blogger Avijit Roy defiant after Bangladesh attack], BBC News, 10 March 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; .

Li te deside pran yon konje nan travay li kòm yon manadjè ansyen nan yon biwo kredi nan peyi Etazini apre atak la. Lè sa a, li te kòmanse travay ak asosyasyon [[Humanisme|imanis]] an Ewòp ak Etazini pou ogmante konsyans sou atak sou entelektyèl eksklizyon nan Bangladèch pa fondamantalis Islamik &lt;ref name=&quot;auto12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/25/asia/bangladesh-american-blogger-roy-daughter/index.html|title=Murdered blogger's daughter inspired by dad|last=Ahmed|first=Trisha|publisher=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt; ak nan mwa Jiyè ane sa a, li te bay [[Humanists UK|Asosyasyon Imanis Britanik]] la [[Humanists UK|Voltaire Lecture]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://humanism.org.uk/2015/07/02/attacked-bangladeshi-humanist-blogger-bonya-ahmed-delivers-2015-voltaire-lecture/|title=Attacked Bangladeshi humanist blogger Bonya Ahmed delivers 2015 Voltaire Lecture|date=2 July 2015|website=[[British Humanist Association]]|access-date=3 mars 2017}}.&lt;/ref&gt; .

Li fè rechèch sou fondamantalis Islamik kòm yon etidyan vizitè nan [[Université du Texas à Austin|University of Texas nan Austin]] . Li resevwa pri a &quot; Pi devan » soti nan [[Freedom From Religion Foundation]] an 2016. Li se yon manm jiri pou prim [[Deutsche Welle]] a BOBS Best of Online Activism Award &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://thebobs.com/english/category/2016/jury-2016/ |title=The BOBS award, list of juries. |access-date=2025-03-23 |archive-date=2018-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310090217/http://thebobs.com/english/category/2016/jury-2016/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; .

&lt;ref&gt;{{Atik}}&lt;/ref&gt; 20 avril 2018, Bonya Ahmed te bay yon diskou TEDx nan [[Exeter]], ki eksplike kijan li te refè apre atak teworis 2015 la ki te kite mari l mouri epi li te sikatris fizikman ak emosyonèlman pou lavi.

== Referans ==
[[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1969]]
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Kategori:Nesans nan Dacca]]</text>
      <sha1>87s67fgzq9zs7xkfeyql7lt7tgvpf9j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Huguette Duflos</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>95855</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882101</id>
      <parentid>866198</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:39:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882101</origin>
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{{Infobox Biographie2|charte=acteur de théâtre|image=Huguette Duflos (Portrait).jpg|légende=Huguette Duflos entre 1875 et 1917, photographie de [[Jean Reutlinger]]}}Huguette Duflos (Hermance Hert)[1], ki fèt Hermance Joséphine Meurs nan dat 24 out  nan lane1887 nan Limoges e ki te mouri yon  12 avril nan lane 1982 lakay li nan 8yèm awondisman Paris, se yon aktris franse.

== Biyografi ==
Nan lane 1910, li marye ak aktè Raphaël Duflos, ak ki moun li divòse alantou 1928. Soti nan  lane 1915 ak lane 1924, li te yon rezidan nan Comédie-Française. Li te yon manm de 1924 pou 1927. Apre sa, li te kòmanse yon karyè fim. Li te gen siksè pandan epòk fim silans, ki te dirije an patikilye pa Léonce Perret ak Julien Duvivier. Apre aparisyon talkies, a ki gen demand li adapte mwens siksè, li konsakre tèt li sitou nan teyat la.

Li antere l nan simityè Batignolles, divizyon 24 (Pari).

== Filmografi pasyèl ==

=== Fim silans ===
{{début de colonnes|nombre=2}}
* [[1930 au cinéma|1930]] : ''[[Le Mystère de la chambre jaune (film, 1930)|Le Mystère de la chambre jaune]]'' de [[Marcel L'Herbier]]
* [[1931 au cinéma|1931]] : ''[[Le Procès de Mary Dugan]]'' de [[Marcel de Sano]]
* [[1931 au cinéma|1931]] : ''[[Le Parfum de la dame en noir (film, 1931)|Le Parfum de la dame en noir]]'' de [[Marcel L'Herbier]]
* [[1936 au cinéma|1936]] : ''[[Martha (film, 1936)|Martha]]'' de [[Karl Anton]]
* [[1937 au cinéma|1937]] : ''[[Les Perles de la couronne]]'' de [[Sacha Guitry]] et [[Christian-Jaque]]
* [[1937 au cinéma|1937]] : ''[[Maman Colibri (film, 1937)|Maman Colibri]]'' de [[Jean Dréville]]
* [[1938 au cinéma|1938]] : ''[[Le Cœur ébloui]]'' de [[Jean Vallée (réalisateur)|Jean Vallée]]
* [[1938 au cinéma|1938]] : ''[[Le Train pour Venise]]'' de [[André Berthomieu]]
* [[1939 au cinéma|1939]] : ''[[Visages de femmes (film, 1939)|Visages de femmes]]'' de [[René Guissart (réalisateur)|René Guissart]]
* [[1942 au cinéma|1942]] : ''[[La Loi du printemps]]'' de [[Jacques Daniel-Norman]]
* [[1942 au cinéma|1942]] : ''[[Des jeunes filles dans la nuit]]'' de [[René Le Hénaff]]
* [[1945 au cinéma|1945]] : ''[[Christine se marie]]'' de [[René Le Hénaff]]
* [[1946 au cinéma|1946]] : ''[[Le Capitan (film, 1946)|Le Capitan]]'' de [[Robert Vernay]]
* [[1952 au cinéma|1952]] : ''[[Douze Heures de bonheur]]'' de [[Gilles Grangier]]
* [[1962 au cinéma|1962]] : ''[[Les Petits Matins]]'' de [[Jacqueline Audry]]
{{fin de colonnes}}

=== Fim kap pale ===
{{début de colonnes|nombre=2}}
* [[1924 au théâtre|1924]] : ''Manon'' de [[Fernand Nozière]], [[Théâtre de la Gaîté]]
* [[1926 au théâtre|1926]] : ''Une revue 1830-1930'' revue en 2 actes et 30 tableaux de [[Maurice Donnay]] et [[Henri Duvernois]], musique [[Reynaldo Hahn]], [[Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin]] 
* [[1928 au théâtre|1928]] : ''Le Cercle'' de [[William Somerset Maugham]], mise en scène [[Lucien Rozenberg]], [[Théâtre des Ambassadeurs]] 
* [[1929 au théâtre|1929]] : ''L'Homme de joie'' de [[Paul Géraldy]] et [[Robert Spitzer (dramaturge)|Robert Spitzer]], [[Théâtre de la Madeleine]] : Madeleine
* [[1929 au théâtre|1929]] : ''Le Dernier Tzar'' de [[Maurice Rostand]], mise en scène [[Émile Couvelaine]], [[Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin]] : Olga
* [[1930 au théâtre|1930]] : ''Miss France'' de [[Georges Berr]] et [[Louis Verneuil]], [[Théâtre Édouard VII]] : Claudine Guérin
* [[1931 au théâtre|1931]] : ''Le Cyclone'' de [[Somerset Maugham]], mise en scène [[Jacques Baumer]], [[Théâtre des Ambassadeurs]] : Stella Tabret
* [[1933 au théâtre|1933]] : ''Le Cercle'' de [[William Somerset Maugham]], mise en scène [[Lucien Rozenberg]], [[Théâtre des Ambassadeurs]] : Élisabeth
* [[1933 au théâtre|1933]] : ''Le Paradis perdu'' de [[Paul Gavault]], [[Théâtre de l'Athénée]] : Alberte Leverdier
* [[1934 au théâtre|1934]] : ''[[L'École des contribuables]]'' de [[Louis Verneuil]] et [[Georges Berr]], [[Théâtre Marigny]] : Juliette Valtier
* [[1934 au théâtre|1934]] : ''Do, Mi, Sol, Do'' de [[Paul Géraldy]], [[Théâtre de la Michodière]]
* [[1935 au théâtre|1935]] : ''[[Noix de coco (théâtre)|Noix de coco]]'' de [[Marcel Achard]], mise en scène [[Raimu]], [[Théâtre de Paris]] : Caroline
* [[1940 au théâtre|1940]] : ''Si je voulais'' de [[Paul Géraldy]], [[Robert Spitzer (dramaturge)|Robert Spitzer]], [[Théâtre des Célestins]]
* [[1941 au théâtre|1941]] : ''[[Topaze (Pagnol)|Topaze]]'' de [[Marcel Pagnol]], [[Théâtre de Paris]] : Suzy Courtois
* [[1943 au théâtre|1943]] : ''Mon ami'', Théâtre Saint-Georges
* [[1948 au théâtre|1948]] : ''Trois garçons, une fille'' de [[Roger-Ferdinand]], mise en scène [[Paule Rolle]] : la mère
* [[1950 au théâtre|1950]] : ''[[Clérambard (pièce de théâtre)|Clérambard]]'' de [[Marcel Aymé]], mise en scène [[Claude Sainval]], [[Comédie des Champs-Élysées]] : Comtesse Louise de Clérembard
* [[1954 au théâtre|1954]] : ''[[Bel-Ami]]'' de [[Frédéric Dard]] d'après [[Guy de Maupassant]], mise en scène [[Jean Darcante]], [[Théâtre des Célestins]] : {{Mme}} Walter
* [[1954 au théâtre|1954]] : ''[[Clérambard (pièce de théâtre)|Clérambard]]'' de [[Marcel Aymé]], mise en scène [[Claude Sainval]], [[Comédie des Champs-Élysées]] : Comtesse Louise de Clérembard
* [[1955 au théâtre|1955]] : ''Felicity'' de [[Noël Coward]], mise en scène [[Gilbert Roland]], [[Théâtre Monceau]] : Comtesse Louise de Clérembard
* [[1958 au théâtre|1958]] : ''[[Clérambard (pièce de théâtre)|Clérambard]]'' de [[Marcel Aymé]], mise en scène [[Claude Sainval]], [[Comédie des Champs-Élysées]]
* [[1960 au théâtre|1960]] : ''[[Gigi (pièce de théâtre)|Gigi]]'' de [[Colette]], mise en scène [[Robert Manuel]], [[Théâtre Antoine]] : {{Mme}} Alvarez
* [[1961 au théâtre|1961]] : ''[[Clérambard (pièce de théâtre)|Clérambard]]'' de [[Marcel Aymé]], mise en scène [[Claude Sainval]], [[Comédie des Champs-Élysées]] : Comtesse Louise de Clérembard
{{fin de colonnes}}

== Teyat ==

=== Karyè nan Comédie-Française ===
&lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

=== Deyò Comédie-Française la ===
{{liens}}

== Nòt ak referans ==

== Lyen ekstèn ==

[[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]]
[[Kategori:Nesans nan Oksitani]]
[[Kategori:Aktè ki soti Oksitani]]</text>
      <sha1>3h1vsq7y4ikp1ncsulb40jeh5pm677p</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>882102</id>
      <parentid>882101</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T18:40:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
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{{Infobox Biographie2|charte=acteur de théâtre|image=Huguette Duflos (Portrait).jpg|légende=Huguette Duflos entre 1875 et 1917, photographie de [[Jean Reutlinger]]}}Huguette Duflos (Hermance Hert)[1], ki fèt Hermance Joséphine Meurs nan dat 24 out  nan lane1887 nan Limoges e ki te mouri yon  12 avril nan lane 1982 lakay li nan 8yèm awondisman Paris, se yon aktris franse.

== Biyografi ==
Nan lane 1910, li marye ak aktè Raphaël Duflos, ak ki moun li divòse alantou 1928. Soti nan  lane 1915 ak lane 1924, li te yon rezidan nan Comédie-Française. Li te yon manm de 1924 pou 1927. Apre sa, li te kòmanse yon karyè fim. Li te gen siksè pandan epòk fim silans, ki te dirije an patikilye pa Léonce Perret ak Julien Duvivier. Apre aparisyon talkies, a ki gen demand li adapte mwens siksè, li konsakre tèt li sitou nan teyat la.

Li antere l nan simityè Batignolles, divizyon 24 (Pari).

== Filmografi pasyèl ==

=== Fim silans ===
{{début de colonnes|nombre=2}}
* [[1930 au cinéma|1930]] : ''[[Le Mystère de la chambre jaune (film, 1930)|Le Mystère de la chambre jaune]]'' de [[Marcel L'Herbier]]
* [[1931 au cinéma|1931]] : ''[[Le Procès de Mary Dugan]]'' de [[Marcel de Sano]]
* [[1931 au cinéma|1931]] : ''[[Le Parfum de la dame en noir (film, 1931)|Le Parfum de la dame en noir]]'' de [[Marcel L'Herbier]]
* [[1936 au cinéma|1936]] : ''[[Martha (film, 1936)|Martha]]'' de [[Karl Anton]]
* [[1937 au cinéma|1937]] : ''[[Les Perles de la couronne]]'' de [[Sacha Guitry]] et [[Christian-Jaque]]
* [[1937 au cinéma|1937]] : ''[[Maman Colibri (film, 1937)|Maman Colibri]]'' de [[Jean Dréville]]
* [[1938 au cinéma|1938]] : ''[[Le Cœur ébloui]]'' de [[Jean Vallée (réalisateur)|Jean Vallée]]
* [[1938 au cinéma|1938]] : ''[[Le Train pour Venise]]'' de [[André Berthomieu]]
* [[1939 au cinéma|1939]] : ''[[Visages de femmes (film, 1939)|Visages de femmes]]'' de [[René Guissart (réalisateur)|René Guissart]]
* [[1942 au cinéma|1942]] : ''[[La Loi du printemps]]'' de [[Jacques Daniel-Norman]]
* [[1942 au cinéma|1942]] : ''[[Des jeunes filles dans la nuit]]'' de [[René Le Hénaff]]
* [[1945 au cinéma|1945]] : ''[[Christine se marie]]'' de [[René Le Hénaff]]
* [[1946 au cinéma|1946]] : ''[[Le Capitan (film, 1946)|Le Capitan]]'' de [[Robert Vernay]]
* [[1952 au cinéma|1952]] : ''[[Douze Heures de bonheur]]'' de [[Gilles Grangier]]
* [[1962 au cinéma|1962]] : ''[[Les Petits Matins]]'' de [[Jacqueline Audry]]
{{fin de colonnes}}

=== Fim kap pale ===
{{début de colonnes|nombre=2}}
* [[1924 au théâtre|1924]] : ''Manon'' de [[Fernand Nozière]], [[Théâtre de la Gaîté]]
* [[1926 au théâtre|1926]] : ''Une revue 1830-1930'' revue en 2 actes et 30 tableaux de [[Maurice Donnay]] et [[Henri Duvernois]], musique [[Reynaldo Hahn]], [[Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin]] 
* [[1928 au théâtre|1928]] : ''Le Cercle'' de [[William Somerset Maugham]], mise en scène [[Lucien Rozenberg]], [[Théâtre des Ambassadeurs]] 
* [[1929 au théâtre|1929]] : ''L'Homme de joie'' de [[Paul Géraldy]] et [[Robert Spitzer (dramaturge)|Robert Spitzer]], [[Théâtre de la Madeleine]] : Madeleine
* [[1929 au théâtre|1929]] : ''Le Dernier Tzar'' de [[Maurice Rostand]], mise en scène [[Émile Couvelaine]], [[Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin]] : Olga
* [[1930 au théâtre|1930]] : ''Miss France'' de [[Georges Berr]] et [[Louis Verneuil]], [[Théâtre Édouard VII]] : Claudine Guérin
* [[1931 au théâtre|1931]] : ''Le Cyclone'' de [[Somerset Maugham]], mise en scène [[Jacques Baumer]], [[Théâtre des Ambassadeurs]] : Stella Tabret
* [[1933 au théâtre|1933]] : ''Le Cercle'' de [[William Somerset Maugham]], mise en scène [[Lucien Rozenberg]], [[Théâtre des Ambassadeurs]] : Élisabeth
* [[1933 au théâtre|1933]] : ''Le Paradis perdu'' de [[Paul Gavault]], [[Théâtre de l'Athénée]] : Alberte Leverdier
* [[1934 au théâtre|1934]] : ''[[L'École des contribuables]]'' de [[Louis Verneuil]] et [[Georges Berr]], [[Théâtre Marigny]] : Juliette Valtier
* [[1934 au théâtre|1934]] : ''Do, Mi, Sol, Do'' de [[Paul Géraldy]], [[Théâtre de la Michodière]]
* [[1935 au théâtre|1935]] : ''[[Noix de coco (théâtre)|Noix de coco]]'' de [[Marcel Achard]], mise en scène [[Raimu]], [[Théâtre de Paris]] : Caroline
* [[1940 au théâtre|1940]] : ''Si je voulais'' de [[Paul Géraldy]], [[Robert Spitzer (dramaturge)|Robert Spitzer]], [[Théâtre des Célestins]]
* [[1941 au théâtre|1941]] : ''[[Topaze (Pagnol)|Topaze]]'' de [[Marcel Pagnol]], [[Théâtre de Paris]] : Suzy Courtois
* [[1943 au théâtre|1943]] : ''Mon ami'', Théâtre Saint-Georges
* [[1948 au théâtre|1948]] : ''Trois garçons, une fille'' de [[Roger-Ferdinand]], mise en scène [[Paule Rolle]] : la mère
* [[1950 au théâtre|1950]] : ''[[Clérambard (pièce de théâtre)|Clérambard]]'' de [[Marcel Aymé]], mise en scène [[Claude Sainval]], [[Comédie des Champs-Élysées]] : Comtesse Louise de Clérembard
* [[1954 au théâtre|1954]] : ''[[Bel-Ami]]'' de [[Frédéric Dard]] d'après [[Guy de Maupassant]], mise en scène [[Jean Darcante]], [[Théâtre des Célestins]] : {{Mme}} Walter
* [[1954 au théâtre|1954]] : ''[[Clérambard (pièce de théâtre)|Clérambard]]'' de [[Marcel Aymé]], mise en scène [[Claude Sainval]], [[Comédie des Champs-Élysées]] : Comtesse Louise de Clérembard
* [[1955 au théâtre|1955]] : ''Felicity'' de [[Noël Coward]], mise en scène [[Gilbert Roland]], [[Théâtre Monceau]] : Comtesse Louise de Clérembard
* [[1958 au théâtre|1958]] : ''[[Clérambard (pièce de théâtre)|Clérambard]]'' de [[Marcel Aymé]], mise en scène [[Claude Sainval]], [[Comédie des Champs-Élysées]]
* [[1960 au théâtre|1960]] : ''[[Gigi (pièce de théâtre)|Gigi]]'' de [[Colette]], mise en scène [[Robert Manuel]], [[Théâtre Antoine]] : {{Mme}} Alvarez
* [[1961 au théâtre|1961]] : ''[[Clérambard (pièce de théâtre)|Clérambard]]'' de [[Marcel Aymé]], mise en scène [[Claude Sainval]], [[Comédie des Champs-Élysées]] : Comtesse Louise de Clérembard
{{fin de colonnes}}

== Teyat ==

=== Karyè nan Comédie-Française ===
&lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

=== Deyò Comédie-Française la ===
{{liens}}

== Nòt ak referans ==

== Lyen ekstèn ==

{{DEFAULTSORT:Duflost, Huguette}}
[[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]]
[[Kategori:Nesans nan Oksitani]]
[[Kategori:Aktè ki soti Oksitani]]</text>
      <sha1>is7wincdzv50kqnnbj1ke4wc7euuc1e</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Provence</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>97583</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882088</id>
      <parentid>882040</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T16:55:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raymond Trencavel</username>
        <id>28592</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>882088</origin>
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      <text bytes="2267" sha1="gs66x2sonbm5lj90vzbiknxx58h048n" xml:space="preserve">[[Fichye:Flag of Provence.svg|200px|thumb|right|Drapo Provence la, enspire pa koulè katalan kay Barcelone nan.]]
[[Fichye:Carte provence 1125-es.svg|200px|thumb|right|Kat jeyografik Provence an 1125 nan moman divizyon ant Konte Toulouz (makiza) ak Kay Barcelone (konte), Konte Forcalquier la te rete endepandan.]]

'''Provence''' (&quot;Provença&quot; nan [[lang oksitan]]), se youn nan sèt rejyon istorik [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitani]] yo. Li se pati ki pi lès peyi a. Non an soti nan epòk Women an: an laten, li vle di &quot;tè konkeri a&quot; (pwovens lan), paske li koresponn ak premye rejyon ki te konkeri lòt bò Alp yo pandan ekspansyon Repiblik Women an.

Vil prensipal Provence yo se [[Masèy]] (ki se tou vil ki gen plis moun nan [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitani]]), [[Nis]], [[Toulon]], [[Avignon]], [[Aix-en-Provence]], [[Forcalquier]], [[Arles]], [[Cannes]], [[Orange |Orange]], [[Fréjus]] ak [[Saint-Tropez]].

[[Monako (peyi)|Monako]] fè pati zòn kiltirèl provensal la tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan ki dirije pa yon dinasti orijin jenwaz, sa ki eksplike poukisa monegask (yon dyalèk ki gen rapò ak liguryen) gen estati lang ofisyèl ansanm ak [[lang franse|franse]].

Yon wayòm provensal ki te dire yon ti tan te egziste nan Mwayennaj yo (Ant 933 ak 1378), yo rele Wayòm Arles, pafwa asosye avèk Wayòm [[Bourgogne]]. Apre sa, Provence te konteste pa Kay Barcelone ak [[Toulouz]] yo. Kont Toulouz yo te adopte Kwa Arles la kòm anblèm yo, ke yo konnen kounye a kòm Kwa Toulouz oswa Kwa Oksitan an. Rejyon Provence aktyèl la konsève bann [[Katalòy|katalan]] &quot;san ak lò&quot; (wouj ak jòn) Kay Barcelone nan.

Vè fen Mwayennaj yo, Wayòm Lafrans te anekse pi fò nan Provence, eksepte yon ti teritwa alantou Avignon ki te pou Legliz la jiska [[Revolisyon franse|Revolisyon Fransèz]] la, ak Konte [[Nis]], ki te anekse sèlman nan Lafrans an 1860. Sèl prensipote provensal ki te rete endepandan de Lafrans se te yon rès [[Monako (peyi)|Monako]], men gwo presyon kiltirèl fransèz la te transfòme sa ki rete nan Monako an yon mikwo-eta frankofòn. Fransè yo ap rejte itilizasyon tradisyonèl &quot;Provence&quot; la tou de pli zan pli an favè &quot;Région Sud&quot; (Rejyon Sid) oswa &quot;Côte d'Azur&quot; (Riviera franse).

[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2269" sha1="67vh4pfn21p5w7564rvdbhsn5xdb9au" xml:space="preserve">[[Fichye:Flag of Provence.svg|200px|thumb|right|Drapo Provence la, enspire pa koulè katalan kay Baselòn nan.]]
[[Fichye:Carte provence 1125-es.svg|200px|thumb|right|Kat jeyografik Provence an 1125 nan moman divizyon ant Konte Toulouz (makiza) ak Kay Barcelone (konte), Konte Forcalquier la te rete endepandan.]]

'''Provence''' (&quot;Provença&quot; nan [[lang oksitan]]), se youn nan sèt rejyon istorik [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitani]] yo. Li se pati ki pi lès peyi a. Non an soti nan epòk Women an: an laten, li vle di &quot;tè konkeri a&quot; (pwovens lan), paske li koresponn ak premye rejyon ki te konkeri lòt bò Alp yo pandan ekspansyon Repiblik Women an.

Vil prensipal Provence yo se [[Masèy]] (ki se tou vil ki gen plis moun nan [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitani]]), [[Nis]], [[Toulon]], [[Avignon]], [[Aix-en-Provence]], [[Forcalquier]], [[Arles]], [[Cannes]], [[Orange |Orange]], [[Fréjus]] ak [[Saint-Tropez]].

[[Monako (peyi)|Monako]] fè pati zòn kiltirèl provensal la tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan ki dirije pa yon dinasti orijin jenwaz, sa ki eksplike poukisa monegask (yon dyalèk ki gen rapò ak liguryen) gen estati lang ofisyèl ansanm ak [[lang franse|franse]].

Yon wayòm provensal ki te dire yon ti tan te egziste nan Mwayennaj yo (Ant 933 ak 1378), yo rele Wayòm Arles, pafwa asosye avèk Wayòm [[Bourgogne]]. Apre sa, Provence te konteste pa Kay [[Baselòn]] ak [[Toulouz]] yo. Kont Toulouz yo te adopte Kwa Arles la kòm anblèm yo, ke yo konnen kounye a kòm Kwa Toulouz oswa Kwa Oksitan an. Rejyon Provence aktyèl la konsève bann [[Katalòy|katalan]] &quot;san ak lò&quot; (wouj ak jòn) Kay Barcelone nan.

Vè fen Mwayennaj yo, Wayòm Lafrans te anekse pi fò nan Provence, eksepte yon ti teritwa alantou Avignon ki te pou Legliz la jiska [[Revolisyon franse|Revolisyon Fransèz]] la, ak Konte [[Nis]], ki te anekse sèlman nan Lafrans an 1860. Sèl prensipote provensal ki te rete endepandan de Lafrans se te yon rès [[Monako (peyi)|Monako]], men gwo presyon kiltirèl fransèz la te transfòme sa ki rete nan Monako an yon mikwo-eta frankofòn. Fransè yo ap rejte itilizasyon tradisyonèl &quot;Provence&quot; la tou de pli zan pli an favè &quot;Région Sud&quot; (Rejyon Sid) oswa &quot;Côte d'Azur&quot; (Riviera franse).

[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2272" sha1="qc99nt89b4wu229iyswzdb6y6khqwoc" xml:space="preserve">[[Fichye:Flag of Provence.svg|200px|thumb|right|Drapo Provence la, enspire pa koulè katalan kay [[Baselòn]] nan.]]
[[Fichye:Carte provence 1125-es.svg|200px|thumb|right|Kat jeyografik Provence an 1125 nan moman divizyon ant Konte Toulouz (makiza) ak Kay Baselòn (konte), Konte Forcalquier la te rete endepandan.]]

'''Provence''' (&quot;Provença&quot; nan [[lang oksitan]]), se youn nan sèt rejyon istorik [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitani]] yo. Li se pati ki pi lès peyi a. Non an soti nan epòk Women an: an laten, li vle di &quot;tè konkeri a&quot; (pwovens lan), paske li koresponn ak premye rejyon ki te konkeri lòt bò Alp yo pandan ekspansyon Repiblik Women an.

Vil prensipal Provence yo se [[Masèy]] (ki se tou vil ki gen plis moun nan [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitani]]), [[Nis]], [[Toulon]], [[Avignon]], [[Aix-en-Provence]], [[Forcalquier]], [[Arles]], [[Cannes]], [[Orange |Orange]], [[Fréjus]] ak [[Saint-Tropez]].

[[Monako (peyi)|Monako]] fè pati zòn kiltirèl provensal la tou, byenke li se yon prensipote endepandan ki dirije pa yon dinasti orijin jenwaz, sa ki eksplike poukisa monegask (yon dyalèk ki gen rapò ak liguryen) gen estati lang ofisyèl ansanm ak [[lang franse|franse]].

Yon wayòm provensal ki te dire yon ti tan te egziste nan Mwayennaj yo (Ant 933 ak 1378), yo rele Wayòm Arles, pafwa asosye avèk Wayòm [[Bourgogne]]. Apre sa, Provence te konteste pa Kay [[Baselòn]] ak [[Toulouz]] yo. Kont Toulouz yo te adopte Kwa Arles la kòm anblèm yo, ke yo konnen kounye a kòm Kwa Toulouz oswa Kwa Oksitan an. Rejyon Provence aktyèl la konsève bann [[Katalòy|katalan]] &quot;san ak lò&quot; (wouj ak jòn) Kay Barcelone nan.

Vè fen Mwayennaj yo, Wayòm Lafrans te anekse pi fò nan Provence, eksepte yon ti teritwa alantou Avignon ki te pou Legliz la jiska [[Revolisyon franse|Revolisyon Fransèz]] la, ak Konte [[Nis]], ki te anekse sèlman nan Lafrans an 1860. Sèl prensipote provensal ki te rete endepandan de Lafrans se te yon rès [[Monako (peyi)|Monako]], men gwo presyon kiltirèl fransèz la te transfòme sa ki rete nan Monako an yon mikwo-eta frankofòn. Fransè yo ap rejte itilizasyon tradisyonèl &quot;Provence&quot; la tou de pli zan pli an favè &quot;Région Sud&quot; (Rejyon Sid) oswa &quot;Côte d'Azur&quot; (Riviera franse).

[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Edith Cresson</title>
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      <comment>Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/236193549|Édith Cresson]] »</comment>
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{{Infobox Pèsonalite politik|charte=Chef de gouvernement|à partir du fonction10={{date|2|avril|1986}}|jusqu'au fonction10={{date|14|5|1988}}&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{durée|2|4|1986|14|5|1988}})&lt;/small&gt;|élection10=[[Élections législatives de 1986 dans la Vienne|16 mars 1986]]|circonscription 10=[[Vienne (département)|Vienne]]|législature 10={{Législature de la Cinquième République|VIII}}|groupe parlementaire 10=[[Groupe socialiste (Assemblée nationale)|SOC]]|à partir du fonction11={{date|2|juillet-|1981-}}|jusqu'au fonction11={{date|23|juillet|1981}}&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{durée|2|7|1981|23|7|1981}})&lt;/small&gt;|élection11=[[élections législatives de 1981 dans la Vienne|21 juin 1981]]|circonscription 11=[[deuxième circonscription de la Vienne|{{2e}} de la Vienne]]|législature 11={{Législature de la Cinquième République|VII}}|groupe parlementaire 11=[[Groupe socialiste (Assemblée nationale)|SOC]]|prédécesseur 11=[[Jean-Pierre Abelin]]|successeur 11=[[Marc Verdon]]|fonction12=[[Députée européenne]]|à partir du fonction12={{date|17|juillet|1979}}|jusqu'au fonction12={{date|16|juin|1981}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{durée|17|7|1979|16|6|1981}})&lt;/small&gt;|élection12=[[Élections européennes de 1979 en France|10 juin 1979]]|législature 12=[[Liste des députés européens de France de la 1re législature|1{{re}}]]|circonscription 12=[[France]]|groupe parlementaire 12=[[Alliance progressiste des socialistes et démocrates au Parlement européen|SOC]]|successeur 12=[[Roger Fajardie]]|fonction13=[[Maire (France)|Maire]] de [[Thuré (Vienne)|Thuré]]|à partir du fonction13=20 mars 1977|jusqu'au fonction13=13 mars 1983|élection 13=[[Élections municipales françaises de 1977|20 mars 1977]]|prédécesseur 13=Louis Compaing de la Tour Girard|successeur 13=Claude Marquois|féminin=oui}}

'''Édith Cresson''', fèt '''Campion''' sou27 janvye 1934 nan Boulogne-Billancourt, se yon fanm eta [[Frans|fransèz]], [[Premye minis (Frans)|Premye Minis]]15 mai 1991 Nan 2 avril 1992 .

Manm Konvansyon Enstitisyon Repibliken yo (CIR) epi pita nan Pati Sosyalis la (PS), li te yon Manm Palman Ewopeyen an soti 1979 rive 1981, yon Manm Palman pou Vyèn ant 1981 ak 1993, epi Majistra Châtellerault soti 1983 rive 1997.

Sou prezidans [[François Mitterrand]], li te sèvi kòm minis plizyè fwa. Agrikilti (1981-1983, premye fanm nan pozisyon sa a, sa ki te soulve anpil kè  sote nan pwofesyon an), Komès etranje ak Touris (1983-1984), Redeplwaman Endistriyèl ak Komès etranje (1984-1986), Afè Ewopeyen (1988-1990).

Li te nonmen Premye Minis  an 1991, sa ki te fè l vin premye fanm ki te chèf gouvènman an [[Frans]] . Kòm li te vin byen vit trè enpopilè, li te oblije kite Matignon mwens pase yon ane aprè nominasyon li, li te chèf gouvènman ki te pase mwens tan nan V Repiblik la. Repiblik jiska Bernard Cazeneuve an 2016.

De 1995 a 1999, li te Komisè Ewopeyen pou Rechèch, Inovasyon ak Syans nan Komisyon Santè ak Marín .

== Biyografi ==

=== Jèn ak etid ===
Édith Jeanne Thérèse Campion &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://consultation.archives.hauts-de-seine.net/mdr/index.php/docnumViewer/calculHierarchieDocNum/702072/367506:367508:367541:367544:702072/1050/1680|title=GAIA 9 : moteur de recherche|website=consultation.archives.hauts-de-seine.net|access-date=2021-11-06}}.&lt;/ref&gt; te fèt nan Boulogne-Billancourt .27 janvye 1934 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gouvernement.fr/edith-cresson|title=Édith Cresson|website=Gouvernement.fr|language=fr|access-date=2020-06-02}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Papa l, Gabriel Campion (1896-1959), te yon enspektè finans epi senpatizan Seksyon Fransèz Entènasyonal Travayè yo (SFIO). Yo te poste l nan anbasad [[Frans|fransè]] a nan [[Bèlgrad|Bèlgad]], epi pita li te vin direktè finans pou òganizasyon Sekou Nasyonal la epi aprè prezidan Konpayi Bank ak Depo Fransè a. Manman l, Jacqueline Vignal (1907-2003), te soti nan yon fanmi rich &lt;ref name=&quot;Le Figaro&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite/2006/11/11/01001-20061111ARTFIG90570-edith_cresson_sans_fard_ni_remords.php|title=Édith Cresson, sans fard ni remords|last=[[Anne Fulda]]|date=8 avril 2018|website=[[Le Figaro|lefigaro.fr]]|access-date=13 mai 2021}}.&lt;/ref&gt;, pitit fi yon majistra nan Kou Oditè yo, ansyen chèf sekretarya prive Minis Finans Maurice Rouvier, epi yon Chevalye nan prensip Merit Agrikòl la &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ccomptes.fr/fr/biographies/vignal-albert-armand-antoine|title=VIGNAL Albert Armand Antoine|website=ccomptes.fr|language=fr|access-date=2021-08-11}}.&lt;/ref&gt; .

Pandan [[Dezyèm Gè mondyal|Dezyèm Gè Mondyal]] la, li te etidye nan yon entènat nan Thonon-les-Bains ( Haute-Savoie ), li te konn ale nan lamès a sizè nan maten, pandan dlo a te jele nan sezon ivè. Jèn fi a te vin gen absè aprè sa. Aprè lagè a, li te retounen Pari, kote yon nounou anglè te edike l epi nan enstitisyon prive, tankou lekòl katolik prive Dupanloup &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/mon-figaro/2013/01/25/10001-20130125ARTFIG00412-edith-cressonle-petit-soldat-de-francois-mitterrand.php|title=Édith Cresson:«le petit soldat» de François Mitterrand|website=lefigaro.fr|language=fr|access-date=2021-08-11}}.&lt;/ref&gt; . Nan salon paran li yo, li te konn vizite pèsonalite menmjan Pierre de Gaulle ak Depite Irène de Lipkowski, ke li te admire &lt;ref name=&quot;Le Figaro&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite/2006/11/11/01001-20061111ARTFIG90570-edith_cresson_sans_fard_ni_remords.php|title=Édith Cresson, sans fard ni remords|last=[[Anne Fulda]]|date=8 avril 2018|website=[[Le Figaro|lefigaro.fr]]|access-date=13 mai 2021}}.&lt;/ref&gt; .

Li te gradye nan Lekòl Siperyè Ansèyman Komèsyal pou Jèn Fi (HEC-JF, kounye a fizyone ak [[HEC Paris|HEC Pari]], pwomosyon 1954) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hecalumni.fr/addressbook/fullsearch/index|title=HEC Alumni|website=hecalumni.fr|access-date=2018-02-22}}.&lt;/ref&gt; .

Édith Cresson genyen tou yon tèz doktora nan [[demografi]], li te defann nan lane 1969, ki gen tit ''Kondisyon fanm nan yon komin riral''  ''.'' Aprè sa, li te kòmanse yon karyè tankou enjenyè ekonomik  .
[[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ovègn</title>
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      <text bytes="2169" sha1="e87qd8fygme1uf1pmyk01vsiin09td2" xml:space="preserve">'''Ovègn''' (&quot;Auvergne&quot; nan [[lang franse]], &quot;Auvèrnhe&quot; nan [[lang oksitan]]), se youn nan sèt rejyon istorik [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitani]] yo, nan nòdès nan peyi a. Yon rejyon montay ki sitiye nan kè Masif Santral la, nan lès [[Limousin]], li gen fwontyè ak ansyen pwovens franse [[Bourbonnais]] ak [[Berry]] (nan nò), ak [[Bourgogne]], [[Forez]], ak [[Lyonnais]] nan lès. Kounye a li koresponn ak depatman franse [[Cantal]] ((eksepte yon ti zòn lwès ozalantou [[Aurillac]], plis nan Guyenne), [[Haute-Loire]], [[Puy-de-Dôme]], ak sid [[Allier]]. Vil prensipal li yo se [[Clermont-Ferrand]] (pi gwo a; ansyen Clermont d'Auvergne), [[Vichy]], Riom, Issoire, [[Saint-Flour]], ak [[Thiers]]. 

[[Montluçon]], yon vil [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitan]] ki sitiye nan depatman [[Allier]], e pakonsekan nan ansyen rejyon administratif Ovègn, pa vrèman yon vil Ovègn: istorikman, Montluçon te fè pati rejyon [[Limousin]], men divizyon administratif modèn Lafrans yo pa t reflete sa, sa ki eksplike poukisa vil Limousin sa a te atache ak ansyen rejyon Ovègn, ki li menm kounye a fè pati rejyon [[Lyon (vil)|Lyon]] an ([[Rejyon Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]) depi refòm teritoryal 2014 la.

Ovègn dwe non li a tribi Galik Arvèni yo, ki gen chèf lejandè, [[Vercingetorix]], te reprezante rezistans Galik kont ekspansyon Repiblik Women an (Lagè Galik yo dirije pa Jules Seza soti 58 rive 50 anvan Jezikri). '''Ovègn''' montay la, nan fen a, te kanmenm womanize, e li te menm pi byen konsève idantite laten ([[Lang oksitan|Oksitan]]) li pandan Mwayennaj yo pase gwo plèn nan nò Gòl (Basen Pari a), ki te sibi gwo envazyon jèmanik yo e konsa enfliyans etnik ak kiltirèl jèmanik [[Frans|Fran]] yo.

Ovègn te premye rejyon [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitan]] yo ki te konkeri, omwen an pati, pa wayòm franse a. Si nou pa konsidere peryòd Merovingyen ([[Clovis]]) ak Karolenjyen ([[Charlemagne]]) yo, lè suzerainete dinasti franse yo sou rejyon sa a te feodal e pakonsekan piman administratif, wa Kapetyen [[Philippe Auguste]] te efektivman anekse yon gwo pati nan Ovèy bay domèn wayal franse a depi 1213.

[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2168" sha1="hz21l14jkldxh1y5x2wead5ynw2bo7s" xml:space="preserve">'''Ovègn''' (&quot;Auvergne&quot; nan [[lang franse]], &quot;Auvèrnhe&quot; nan [[lang oksitan]]), se youn nan sèt rejyon istorik [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitani]] yo, nan nòdès nan peyi a. Yon rejyon montay ki sitiye nan kè Masif Santral la, nan lès [[Limousin]], li gen fwontyè ak ansyen pwovens franse [[Bourbonnais]] ak [[Berry]] (nan nò), ak [[Bourgogne]], [[Forez]], ak [[Lyonnais]] nan lès. Kounye a li koresponn ak depatman franse [[Cantal]] ((eksepte yon ti zòn lwès ozalantou [[Aurillac]], nan [[Guyenne]]), [[Haute-Loire]], [[Puy-de-Dôme]], ak sid [[Allier]]. Vil prensipal li yo se [[Clermont-Ferrand]] (pi gwo a; ansyen Clermont d'Auvergne), [[Vichy]], Riom, Issoire, [[Saint-Flour]], ak [[Thiers]]. 

[[Montluçon]], yon vil [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitan]] ki sitiye nan depatman [[Allier]], e pakonsekan nan ansyen rejyon administratif Ovègn, pa vrèman yon vil Ovègn: istorikman, Montluçon te fè pati rejyon [[Limousin]], men divizyon administratif modèn Lafrans yo pa t reflete sa, sa ki eksplike poukisa vil Limousin sa a te atache ak ansyen rejyon Ovègn, ki li menm kounye a fè pati rejyon [[Lyon (vil)|Lyon]] an ([[Rejyon Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]) depi refòm teritoryal 2014 la.

Ovègn dwe non li a tribi Galik Arvèni yo, ki gen chèf lejandè, [[Vercingetorix]], te reprezante rezistans Galik kont ekspansyon Repiblik Women an (Lagè Galik yo dirije pa Jules Seza soti 58 rive 50 anvan Jezikri). '''Ovègn''' montay la, nan fen a, te kanmenm womanize, e li te menm pi byen konsève idantite laten ([[Lang oksitan|Oksitan]]) li pandan Mwayennaj yo pase gwo plèn nan nò Gòl (Basen Pari a), ki te sibi gwo envazyon jèmanik yo e konsa enfliyans etnik ak kiltirèl jèmanik [[Frans|Fran]] yo.

Ovègn te premye rejyon [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitan]] yo ki te konkeri, omwen an pati, pa wayòm franse a. Si nou pa konsidere peryòd Merovingyen ([[Clovis]]) ak Karolenjyen ([[Charlemagne]]) yo, lè suzerainete dinasti franse yo sou rejyon sa a te feodal e pakonsekan piman administratif, wa Kapetyen [[Philippe Auguste]] te efektivman anekse yon gwo pati nan Ovèy bay domèn wayal franse a depi 1213.

[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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'''Ovègn''' (&quot;Auvergne&quot; nan [[lang franse]], &quot;Auvèrnhe&quot; nan [[lang oksitan]]), se youn nan sèt rejyon istorik [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitani]] yo, nan nòdès nan peyi a. Yon rejyon montay ki sitiye nan kè Masif Santral la, nan lès [[Limousin]], li gen fwontyè ak ansyen pwovens franse [[Bourbonnais]] ak [[Berry]] (nan nò), ak [[Bourgogne]], [[Forez]], ak [[Lyonnais]] nan lès. Kounye a li koresponn ak depatman franse [[Cantal]] ((eksepte yon ti zòn lwès ozalantou [[Aurillac]], nan [[Guyenne]]), [[Haute-Loire]], [[Puy-de-Dôme]], ak sid [[Allier]]. Vil prensipal li yo se [[Clermont-Ferrand]] (pi gwo a; ansyen Clermont d'Auvergne), [[Vichy]], Riom, Issoire, [[Saint-Flour]], ak [[Thiers]]. 

[[Montluçon]], yon vil [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitan]] ki sitiye nan depatman [[Allier]], e pakonsekan nan ansyen rejyon administratif Ovègn, pa vrèman yon vil Ovègn: istorikman, Montluçon te fè pati rejyon [[Limousin]], men divizyon administratif modèn Lafrans yo pa t reflete sa, sa ki eksplike poukisa vil Limousin sa a te atache ak ansyen rejyon Ovègn, ki li menm kounye a fè pati rejyon [[Lyon (vil)|Lyon]] an ([[Rejyon Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]) depi refòm teritoryal 2014 la.

Ovègn dwe non li a tribi Galik Arvèni yo, ki gen chèf lejandè, [[Vercingetorix]], te reprezante rezistans Galik kont ekspansyon Repiblik Women an (Lagè Galik yo dirije pa Jules Seza soti 58 rive 50 anvan Jezikri). '''Ovègn''' montay la, nan fen a, te kanmenm womanize, e li te menm pi byen konsève idantite laten ([[Lang oksitan|Oksitan]]) li pandan Mwayennaj yo pase gwo plèn nan nò Gòl (Basen Pari a), ki te sibi gwo envazyon jèmanik yo e konsa enfliyans etnik ak kiltirèl jèmanik [[Frans|Fran]] yo.

Ovègn te premye rejyon [[Oksitani (rejyon kiltirèl)|Oksitan]] yo ki te konkeri, omwen an pati, pa wayòm franse a. Si nou pa konsidere peryòd Merovingyen ([[Clovis]]) ak Karolenjyen ([[Charlemagne]]) yo, lè suzerainete dinasti franse yo sou rejyon sa a te feodal e pakonsekan piman administratif, wa Kapetyen [[Philippe Auguste]] te efektivman anekse yon gwo pati nan Ovèy bay domèn wayal franse a depi 1213.

[[Kategori:Oksitani]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Inivèsite Entènasyonal Florid</title>
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    <id>97589</id>
    <revision>
      <id>882129</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T00:04:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Clechr</username>
        <id>26098</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/227200530|Université internationale de Floride]] »</comment>
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'''Inivèsite Entènasyonal Florid''' ''('' an angle ''Florida International University'' oubyen '''FIU''' ) se yon inivèsite piblik leta ki sitiye nan [[Miyami|Miami]], Florid, [[Etazini]] . Pwogram achitekti, jeni ak finans li yo trè popilè.
[[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>...</title>
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    <id>97590</id>
    <redirect title="Joseph Weterings" />
    <revision>
      <id>882135</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T09:17:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NVNkz</username>
        <id>39537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>NVNkz a déplacé la page [[...]] vers [[Joseph Weterings]] par-dessus une redirection</comment>
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      <text bytes="33" sha1="n0n72vkbnfd1n2yqha9jrim0z42qc8f" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECTION [[Joseph Weterings]]</text>
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