Wikipedia iawiki https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagina_principal MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Multimedia Special Discussion Usator Discussion Usator Wikipedia Discussion Wikipedia File Discussion File MediaWiki Discussion MediaWiki Patrono Discussion Patrono Adjuta Discussion Adjuta Categoria Discussion Categoria Portal Discussion Portal Appendice Discussion Appendice TimedText TimedText talk Modulo Discussion Modulo Evento Discussion Evento 0 1379 697033 573968 2026-06-07T11:39:04Z ~2026-33664-64 60147 697033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Hugo Fischer''' esseva un medico e interlinguista suisse, cognoscite pro su contribution al promotion e al diffusion de Interlingua, particularmente in le circulation scientific. Su obra e su enthusiasmo pro un lingua auxiliar international natural ha marcate le prime annos del movimento pro Interlingua post le dissolution del International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA). == Biographia == Hugo Fischer nasceva in Switza e studeva medicina, diventante Dr. med. Ille esseva originalmente adherente de altere projectos de linguas auxiliar, includente Ido e Occidental (Interlingue), ante de converter se a Interlingua.<ref name="Barandovska2020">Barandovská-Frank, V. (2020). "Wie Occidental in den internationalen Konflikten verloren ging". In: ''Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik'' 2020, pp. 14-15.</ref> In 1957, ille adhereva officialmente al Union Mundial pro Interlingua (UMI). Fischer decedeva le 4 de decembre 1978 al etate de 78 annos. == Activitate interlinguistic == === Le discurso a Basel (1957) === Le momento le plus significative in le activitate de Fischer pro Interlingua esseva su discurso al 2nde Congresso International de Interlingua, tenite in le Universitate de Basel le 7 de augusto 1957, sub le titulo "Interlingua e le scientia".<ref name="Fischer1957">Fischer, Hugo (1957). "Interlingua e le scientia". Discurso al 2nde Congresso International de Interlingua, Basel. https://www.interlingua.com/conferentia/1957/fischer/</ref> In iste allocution, Fischer presentava su proprie experientias pro demonstrar le practicabilitate de un lingua natural basate sur le vocabulario international. Ille contava como, in 1954, serviente como medico a bordo de un nave in America Latin, ille habeva usate Occidental (e posteriormente haberea potite usar Interlingua) pro communicar efficacemente con medicos e le population local in Brasil, Uruguay e Argentina, non obstante que illes non cognosceva su lingua e non habeva audite su nomine.<ref name="Fischer1957"/> Fischer argumentava que le scientia ha sempre refusate linguas troppo schematic como Esperanto, perque illos destrue le internationalitate jam existente del vocabulario scientific, citante le professor Lorenz del schola polytechnic de Zürich: "Nunquam le scientia acceptarà un lingua international que destrue le internationalitate jam existente del vocabulario scientific."<ref name="Fischer1957"/> Ille faceva un parallelismo inter le disveloppamento de Interlingua e le historia del medicina, notante que multe discopertas importante (como le effecto diuretic del folios de digital o le vaccination antivariolic) veniva de fontes non-academic ante de esser adoptate per le scientia official. Assi, le labor preliminar del interlinguistas esseva necessari pro preparar le terreno al scientia official.<ref name="Fischer1957"/> Fischer concludeva que Interlingua, con su principio de formas collateral, es "un LINGUA RIC, ELASTIC e MODULABILE" e que "in poc annos Interlingua es devenite un preciose instrumento in medicina international e in scientia natural."<ref name="Fischer1957"/> === Correspondentias === Fischer manteneva un extensive correspondentia con altere figuras importante del movimento interlinguistic. Le archivos del Interlingua Institute al New York Public Library contine un dossier dedicate a Hugo Fischer con correspondencias datate inter 1968 e 1976.<ref name="NYPL">Interlingua Institute records, 1921-1990. New York Public Library. Series I: Frank Esterhill Papers, Box 3, Folder 9: "Fischer, Hugo, 1968-1976". https://archives.nypl.org/mss/1514</ref> Ille correspondeva con Alexander Gode, le director de recerca de IALA e un del principales architectos de Interlingua, super aspectos linguistic e le orientation future del movimento.<ref name="NYPL-Gode">Interlingua Institute records. Series II: Alexander Gode Papers, Box 5, Folder 1: "Gode Correspondence, 1956-1968".</ref> Il ha indications que Fischer esseva inter illes qui desiderava un revision de Interlingua que reteneva plus desinentias verbal romance, un tendentia que Gode non approbava personalmente ma que ille esseva disposite a acceptar como un interpretation alternative del mesme phenomeno linguistic.<ref name="Esterhill2000">Esterhill, Frank (2000). *Interlingua Institute: A History*. New York: Interlingua Institute, p. 14. https://open.unive.it/hitrade/books/EsterhillInterlingua.pdf</ref> Le relationes inter Fischer e Gode remaneva cordial, con Fischer visitante New York e Gode visitante Europa in plure occasions.<ref name="Esterhill2000"/> {{Referentias}} == Ligamentes externe ================= * Discurso "Interlingua e le scientia" (texto complete) – interlingua.com * Archivo del Interlingua Institute al New York Public Library – archives.nypl.org/mss/1514 {{Interlingua}} [[Categoria:Gente statounitese]] [[Categoria:Parlatores de interlingua]] [[Categoria:Idista]] [[Categoria:Pioneros de interlingua]] a22npvn7hnhe7sg4pngy4a9jrfmgj8d 697034 697033 2026-06-07T11:40:33Z ~2026-33664-64 60147 697034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Hugo Fischer''' esseva un medico e interlinguista suisse, cognoscite pro su contribution al promotion e al diffusion de Interlingua, particularmente in le circulation scientific. Su obra e su enthusiasmo pro un lingua auxiliar international natural ha marcate le prime annos del movimento pro Interlingua post le dissolution del International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA). == Biographia == Hugo Fischer nasceva in Switza e studeva medicina, diventante Dr. med. Ille esseva originalmente adherente de altere projectos de linguas auxiliar, includente Ido e Occidental (Interlingue), ante de converter se a Interlingua.<ref name="Barandovska2020">Barandovská-Frank, V. (2020). "Wie Occidental in den internationalen Konflikten verloren ging". In: ''Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik'' 2020, pp. 14-15.</ref> In 1957, ille adhereva officialmente al Union Mundial pro Interlingua (UMI). Fischer decedeva le 4 de decembre 1978 al etate de 78 annos. == Activitate interlinguistic == === Le discurso a Basel (1957) === Le momento le plus significative in le activitate de Fischer pro Interlingua esseva su discurso al 2nde Congresso International de Interlingua, tenite in le Universitate de Basel le 7 de augusto 1957, sub le titulo "Interlingua e le scientia".<ref name="Fischer1957">Fischer, Hugo (1957). "Interlingua e le scientia". Discurso al 2nde Congresso International de Interlingua, Basel. https://www.interlingua.com/conferentia/1957/fischer/</ref> In iste allocution, Fischer presentava su proprie experientias pro demonstrar le practicabilitate de un lingua natural basate sur le vocabulario international. Ille contava como, in 1954, serviente como medico a bordo de un nave in America Latin, ille habeva usate Occidental (e posteriormente haberea potite usar Interlingua) pro communicar efficacemente con medicos e le population local in Brasil, Uruguay e Argentina, non obstante que illes non cognosceva su lingua e non habeva audite su nomine.<ref name="Fischer1957"/> Fischer argumentava que le scientia ha sempre refusate linguas troppo schematic como Esperanto, perque illos destrue le internationalitate jam existente del vocabulario scientific, citante le professor Lorenz del schola polytechnic de Zürich: "Nunquam le scientia acceptarà un lingua international que destrue le internationalitate jam existente del vocabulario scientific."<ref name="Fischer1957"/> Ille faceva un parallelismo inter le disveloppamento de Interlingua e le historia del medicina, notante que multe discopertas importante (como le effecto diuretic del folios de digital o le vaccination antivariolic) veniva de fontes non-academic ante de esser adoptate per le scientia official. Assi, le labor preliminar del interlinguistas esseva necessari pro preparar le terreno al scientia official.<ref name="Fischer1957"/> Fischer concludeva que Interlingua, con su principio de formas collateral, es "un LINGUA RIC, ELASTIC e MODULABILE" e que "in poc annos Interlingua es devenite un preciose instrumento in medicina international e in scientia natural."<ref name="Fischer1957"/> === Correspondentias === Fischer manteneva un extensive correspondentia con altere figuras importante del movimento interlinguistic. Le archivos del Interlingua Institute al New York Public Library contine un dossier dedicate a Hugo Fischer con correspondencias datate inter 1968 e 1976.<ref name="NYPL">Interlingua Institute records, 1921-1990. New York Public Library. Series I: Frank Esterhill Papers, Box 3, Folder 9: "Fischer, Hugo, 1968-1976". https://archives.nypl.org/mss/1514</ref> Ille correspondeva con Alexander Gode, le director de recerca de IALA e un del principales architectos de Interlingua, super aspectos linguistic e le orientation future del movimento.<ref name="NYPL-Gode">Interlingua Institute records. Series II: Alexander Gode Papers, Box 5, Folder 1: "Gode Correspondence, 1956-1968".</ref> Il ha indications que Fischer esseva inter illes qui desiderava un revision de Interlingua que reteneva plus desinentias verbal romance, un tendentia que Gode non approbava personalmente ma que ille esseva disposite a acceptar como un interpretation alternative del mesme phenomeno linguistic.<ref name="Esterhill2000">Esterhill, Frank (2000). *Interlingua Institute: A History*. New York: Interlingua Institute, p. 14. https://open.unive.it/hitrade/books/EsterhillInterlingua.pdf</ref> Le relationes inter Fischer e Gode remaneva cordial, con Fischer visitante New York e Gode visitante Europa in plure occasions.<ref name="Esterhill2000"/> {{Referentias}} == Ligamentes externe == * Discurso "Interlingua e le scientia" (texto complete) – interlingua.com * Archivo del Interlingua Institute al New York Public Library – archives.nypl.org/mss/1514 {{Interlingua}} [[Categoria:Gente statounitese]] [[Categoria:Parlatores de interlingua]] [[Categoria:Idista]] [[Categoria:Pioneros de interlingua]] 1arh6pesbuqef694hki06y4zb1p58fg 0 2353 697032 690854 2026-06-07T10:41:41Z ~2026-33664-64 60147 697032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/generic}} '''Panorama in interlingua''' es le international magazin de novas publicate per le [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua]]. Continente actualitates e curiositates super themas varie in addition al ultime novas del mundo de interlingua, illo es un del primari medios de diffusion de interlingua. == Datos == * '''Lingua:''' [[interlingua]]. * '''Editor:''' Union Mundial pro Interlingua. * '''Redactor:''' [[Thomas Breinstrup]]. * '''Redaction:''' Kirkeholmen 10, DK-2630 Taastrup. E-posta: panorama @ interlingua.com. * '''Appare:''' 6 editiones per anno. * '''Paginas:''' 28 paginas A5 in cata edition. * '''Contento:''' informationes international in interlingua pro un publico global: jornalismo, novas, nove libros, novas de interlingua, litteratura, amusante enigmas. Ben illustrate. * '''ISSN:''' 0903-2932. * '''Precio:''' Abonamento annual: €15. Abonamento duple (3 exemplares) €30. Abonamento triple (5 exemplares): €45. * '''Administration:''' Alberto Mardegan, Osmankäämintie 44 C, FIN-01300 Vantaa, Finlandia. E-posta: administration @ interlingua.com. * '''Fundate:''' januario 1988 == Description == Panorama in Interlingua es le periodico official del [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua]] e es assi neutral in questiones politic e religiose. Isto totevia non significa que iste themas non es describite. Panorama es un international magazin de novas in interlingua, cuje scopo es "acclarar, activar e amusar". Panorama in interlingua es un publication bimestral, publicate desde januario 1988. Cata edition contine 28 paginas, totalmente in interlingua, con novas de interlingua, jornalismo, reportages, recensiones de libros, viages, chronica etc. Panorama in interlingua functiona como le ligamento inter membros del Union Mundial pro Interlingua ma es al mesme tempore un fenestra al mundo exterior demonstrante le uso de interlingua. Al fin, illo es sovente usate in le inseniamento de interlingua e se dirige assi anque a nove interessatos. Panorama in interlingua appareva como le fusion del magazin trimestral [[Currero]] (ISSN 0105-8401), editate per le Union Mundial pro Interlingua desde 1964, e le private magazin bimestral [[Heraldo de Interlingua]] (ISSN 0108-0598). Le numero ISSN de Panorama es 0903-2932. == Ligamine externe == * [http://www.interlingua.com/panorama/ Panorama in interlingua] {{Interlingua}} [[Categoria:Publicationes in interlingua]] lk3lt2airl4dufl1y0yjkyx1e887rg9 102 39840 697031 696947 2026-06-06T22:19:33Z ListeriaBot 24326 Wikidata list updated [V2] 697031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q15617994 } |wdq= |columns=item,label,P279,P31,description |thumb=32 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! label ! subclasse de ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q5084|Q5084]] | ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3055118|single entity of population]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1497375|architectural ensemble]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4632675|dwelling place]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]'' | 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''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q264441|Q264441]] | ''[[:d:Q264441|Bezirk]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q285181|Q285181]] | ''[[:d:Q285181|eparchy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q94670589|Christian organization]]'' | ''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q313354|Q313354]] | ''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q353344|Q353344]] | ''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q373074|Q373074]] | ''[[:d:Q373074|suffragan diocese]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q374614|Q374614]] | ''[[:d:Q374614|urban district of Great Britain and Ireland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q398141|Q398141]] | ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]'' | ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2385804|educational institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6663997|local education agency]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q399445|Q399445]] | ''[[:d:Q399445|amt]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q451019|Q451019]] | ''[[:d:Q451019|gutsbezirk]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q475050|Q475050]] | [[Districto federal]] | ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5214867|federal territory]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q482810|Q482810]] | ''[[:d:Q482810|Special City of Korea]]'' | [[citate]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q483515|Q483515]] | ''[[:d:Q483515|myeon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q483519|Q483519]] | ''[[:d:Q483519|ri]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q485258|Q485258]] | ''[[:d:Q485258|Statos de Brasil]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | entitates federative de Brasil |- | [[:d:Q490933|Q490933]] | ''[[:d:Q490933|local community]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q499073|Q499073]] | ''[[:d:Q499073|direct-controlled municipality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15092400|independent city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q515483|Q515483]] | ''[[:d:Q515483|baladiyya]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q515716|Q515716]] | ''[[:d:Q515716|prefecture]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q517267|Q517267]] | ''[[:d:Q517267|commandery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41761295|administrative territorial entity of China]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q562061|Q562061]] | ''[[:d:Q562061|market municipality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18511725|urbe de mercato]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q562644|Q562644]] | ''[[:d:Q562644|Deidesheim (Verbandsgemeinde)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q23006|Verbandsgemeinde]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q609042|Q609042]] | ''[[:d:Q609042|shtetl]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3374262|miasteczko]]''<br/>[[village]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q620225|Q620225]] | ''[[:d:Q620225|apostolic vicariate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17197366|type of organization]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q625160|Q625160]] | ''[[:d:Q625160|ecclesiastical province]]'' | ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>[[provincia]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q643589|Q643589]] | ''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q687121|Q687121]] | ''[[:d:Q687121|Volost]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q688385|Q688385]] | ''[[:d:Q688385|Talschaft]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q718570|Q718570]] | ''[[:d:Q718570|circuit]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q770948|Q770948]] | ''[[:d:Q770948|okres]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q771444|Q771444]] | ''[[:d:Q771444|aul]]'' | ''[[:d:Q136678713|fortified village]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q782614|Q782614]] | ''[[:d:Q782614|autonomous region]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q788176|Q788176]] | ''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q817477|Q817477]] | ''[[:d:Q817477|tehsil]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q839328|Q839328]] | ''[[:d:Q839328|fu]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q905280|Q905280]] | ''[[:d:Q905280|pyatina]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q914262|Q914262]] | ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12076836|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q923805|Q923805]] | ''[[:d:Q923805|trittys]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q935921|Q935921]] | ''[[:d:Q935921|kaza]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1070912|Q1070912]] | ''[[:d:Q1070912|zhou]]'' | ''[[:d:Q515716|prefecture]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41761295|administrative territorial entity of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1087624|Q1087624]] | ''[[:d:Q1087624|nahiyah]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1122846|Q1122846]] | ''[[:d:Q1122846|district of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q517267|commandery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1138414|Q1138414]] | ''[[:d:Q1138414|isolated settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4632675|dwelling place]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2887356|farmyard]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1497364|building complex]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1141653|Q1141653]] | ''[[:d:Q1141653|prowincja]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[provincia]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1205915|Q1205915]] | ''[[:d:Q1205915|German Reich within the borders of 31 December 1937]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q17524420|aspect of history]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1209783|Q1209783]] | ''[[:d:Q1209783|shukuba]]'' | ''[[:d:Q786014|rest area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63987304|stage station]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q120922181|postal station]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1210300|Q1210300]] | ''[[:d:Q1210300|Mkhare]]'' | ''[[:d:Q244339|administrative territorial entity of Georgia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1273945|Q1273945]] | ''[[:d:Q1273945|pashalik]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1288520|Q1288520]] | ''[[:d:Q1288520|local council in Israel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2762194|local government in Israel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1336152|Q1336152]] | ''[[:d:Q1336152|princely state]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15646492|administrative territorial entity of British India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1371288|vassal state]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1345234|Q1345234]] | ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12829|comarca]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>[[Territorio]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1350181|Q1350181]] | ''[[:d:Q1350181|shire of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q461231|administrative territorial entity of Scotland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q67376938|historic county of the United Kingdom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1364324|Q1364324]] | ''[[:d:Q1364324|uezd]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1367821|Q1367821]] | ''[[:d:Q1367821|subprefecture]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1427085|Q1427085]] | ''[[:d:Q1427085|okrug]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1462047|Q1462047]] | ''[[:d:Q1462047|vilayet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19576|wilaya]]'' | ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<ref name="ref_91c7c23bff8c4dcbdbe5d51fa021788763682add9ec85294b192cf219b99e5bb">https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/vilayet</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1503467|Q1503467]] | ''[[:d:Q1503467|Unrechtsstaat]]'' | [[stato]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1506541|Q1506541]] | ''[[:d:Q1506541|Roman Catholic ecclesiastical region]]'' | ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q23955632|Catholic organization]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1541735|Q1541735]] | ''[[:d:Q1541735|former province of Hokkaidō]]'' | ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1564271|Q1564271]] | ''[[:d:Q1564271|nahiye]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1087624|nahiyah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1584957|Q1584957]] | ''[[:d:Q1584957|district of Palermo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3976662|subdivision of Palermo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1631226|Q1631226]] | ''[[:d:Q1631226|settlement council]]'' | ''[[:d:Q948571|organ of state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q211201|Soviet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1633408|Q1633408]] | ''[[:d:Q1633408|concelho]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1683373|Q1683373]] | ''[[:d:Q1683373|Edo-period village]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4174776|village of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1761072|Q1761072]] | ''[[:d:Q1761072|state park]]'' | ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>[[parco]]<ref name="ref_420055a4825d3d507a1b1bab63ea8356b7d9c4b38be8887d8bcf27ff32cf86f6">''[[:d:Q52441805|Thesaurus for Graphic Materials]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137393561|type of park]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1761350|Q1761350]] | ''[[:d:Q1761350|sum]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1761572|Q1761572]] | ''[[:d:Q1761572|barrio]]'' | ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1764608|Q1764608]] | ''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1798622|governorate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1771656|Q1771656]] | ''[[:d:Q1771656|mintaqa]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1780506|Q1780506]] | ''[[:d:Q1780506|commune of Benin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3502443|administrative territorial entity of Benin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1782540|Q1782540]] | ''[[:d:Q1782540|railway town]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1787683|Q1787683]] | ''[[:d:Q1787683|Kreishauptmannschaft]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1790016|Q1790016]] | ''[[:d:Q1790016|protected area of Colombia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1798622|Q1798622]] | ''[[:d:Q1798622|governorate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1839674|Q1839674]] | ''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1887569|Q1887569]] | ''[[:d:Q1887569|shōen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2478141|aristocrate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q178706|institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2116450|manor estate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1990968|Q1990968]] | ''[[:d:Q1990968|Divisional Secretariat of Sri Lanka]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15313532|administrative territorial entity of Sri Lanka]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q859482|secretariat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2023000|Q2023000]] | ''[[:d:Q2023000|khutor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q72030539|farmstead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2029182|Q2029182]] | ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]'' | ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1435020|General Curia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124098638|Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2029618|Q2029618]] | ''[[:d:Q2029618|markaz]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1306755|centro administrative]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2034632|Q2034632]] | ''[[:d:Q2034632|starostwo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q64606162|administrative territorial entity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2083380|Q2083380]] | ''[[:d:Q2083380|parish union]]'' | ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124964|coalition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2113743|Q2113743]] | ''[[:d:Q2113743|magiri]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q75020334|administrative division of the Ryukyu Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2139516|Q2139516]] | ''[[:d:Q2139516|riksintresse (Sweden)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q96211395|heritage site in Sweden]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2177636|Q2177636]] | ''[[:d:Q2177636|municipality of Denmark]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11618279|LAU 1]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3976655|administrative territorial entity of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2225692|Q2225692]] | ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>[[village]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2246189|Q2246189]] | ''[[:d:Q2246189|justiciarate]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2298529|Q2298529]] | ''[[:d:Q2298529|corregimiento]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17147964|administrative territorial entity of the Spanish Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2311958|Q2311958]] | [[canton]] | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | unitate administrative in varie paises |- | [[:d:Q2330190|Q2330190]] | ''[[:d:Q2330190|subprefecture in Hokkaidō]]'' | ''[[:d:Q850450|subprefecture of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2349866|Q2349866]] | ''[[:d:Q2349866|Stimmkreis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2385925|Q2385925]] | ''[[:d:Q2385925|presidencies and provinces in British India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15646492|administrative territorial entity of British India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2401504|Q2401504]] | ''[[:d:Q2401504|darugha]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2460358|Q2460358]] | ''[[:d:Q2460358|municipality of Turkey]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2500304|Q2500304]] | ''[[:d:Q2500304|electoral division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3356092|administrative territorial entity of Ireland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2513212|Q2513212]] | ''[[:d:Q2513212|županija]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2514025|Q2514025]] | ''[[:d:Q2514025|posyolok]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2543447|Q2543447]] | ''[[:d:Q2543447|region of Nunavut]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1414991|area]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | lista de un projecto de Wikimedia |- | [[:d:Q2576151|Q2576151]] | ''[[:d:Q2576151|daïra]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2577883|Q2577883]] | ''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]'' | ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123614767|occupied location]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2615343|Q2615343]] | ''[[:d:Q2615343|region]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2631496|Q2631496]] | ''[[:d:Q2631496|constituency of the European Parliament]]'' | ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2695008|Q2695008]] | ''[[:d:Q2695008|administrative territorial entity of Luxembourg]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12076836|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2706826|Q2706826]] | ''[[:d:Q2706826|sheikhdom]]'' | [[Principato]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2738486|Q2738486]] | ''[[:d:Q2738486|krai]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2880091|Q2880091]] | ''[[:d:Q2880091|bayrak]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2135465|legal term or legal concept]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2885819|Q2885819]] | ''[[:d:Q2885819|ledanía]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2944629|Q2944629]] | ''[[:d:Q2944629|Arrotxapea]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2944644|Q2944644]] | ''[[:d:Q2944644|Ezcaba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2944651|Q2944651]] | ''[[:d:Q2944651|Buztintxuri]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2944737|Q2944737]] | ''[[:d:Q2944737|Iturrama]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2991489|Q2991489]] | ''[[:d:Q2991489|county palatine]]'' | ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3012073|Q3012073]] | ''[[:d:Q3012073|daikansho]]'' | ''[[:d:Q481289|residentia official]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3015636|Q3015636]] | ''[[:d:Q3015636|Txantrea]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3025553|Q3025553]] | ''[[:d:Q3025553|Diputación Foral de Navarra]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q3044930|provincial deputation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3183364|Q3183364]] | ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12076836|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3187075|Q3187075]] | ''[[:d:Q3187075|aimag]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3252884|Q3252884]] | ''[[:d:Q3252884|Gau]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3266850|Q3266850]] | ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3327874|Q3327874]] | ''[[:d:Q3327874|rural municipality of Canada]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3333989|Q3333989]] | ''[[:d:Q3333989|minor local entity of Spain]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10854310|administrative territorial entity below municipality in Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3360771|Q3360771]] | ''[[:d:Q3360771|administrative territorial entity of Cameroon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12076836|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3373237|Q3373237]] | ''[[:d:Q3373237|payam]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15623929|administrative territorial entity of South Sudan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3434769|Q3434769]] | ''[[:d:Q3434769|macroregion]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137022846|type of region]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3455524|Q3455524]] | ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18810687|political institution]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137022846|type of region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3477348|Q3477348]] | ''[[:d:Q3477348|urban area]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3491994|Q3491994]] | ''[[:d:Q3491994|subdistrict]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3518810|Q3518810]] | ''[[:d:Q3518810|unorganized area of Canada]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q269528|unincorporated area]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3532042|Q3532042]] | ''[[:d:Q3532042|block]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3642453|Q3642453]] | ''[[:d:Q3642453|Borgate officielles de Rome]]'' | ''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3677901|Q3677901]] | ''[[:d:Q3677901|circunscripción]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21286738|Wikimedia permanent duplicate item]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3689003|Q3689003]] | ''[[:d:Q3689003|contrada]]'' | ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3772949|Q3772949]] | ''[[:d:Q3772949|subah]]'' | [[provincia]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3818638|Q3818638]] | ''[[:d:Q3818638|mudiriyah]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3826458|Q3826458]] | ''[[:d:Q3826458|Lamidat]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4008486|Q4008486]] | ''[[:d:Q4008486|Borgo Vanchiglia]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4024737|Q4024737]] | ''[[:d:Q4024737|pastoral zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4129217|Q4129217]] | ''[[:d:Q4129217|vyselok]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4165160|Q4165160]] | ''[[:d:Q4165160|ドーリャ]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4208486|Q4208486]] | ''[[:d:Q4208486|qadiyat]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4313916|Q4313916]] | ''[[:d:Q4313916|Nasleg]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1192440|history of the administrative division of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1376945|Administrative divisions of the Sakha Republic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4315043|Q4315043]] | ''[[:d:Q4315043|ókrug nacional]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12076836|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1427085|okrug]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4332636|Q4332636]] | ''[[:d:Q4332636|Кас]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4377540|Q4377540]] | ''[[:d:Q4377540|praetorian prefecture]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15644911|administrative territorial entity of the Roman Empire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4388751|Q4388751]] | ''[[:d:Q4388751|razryad]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4393587|Q4393587]] | ''[[:d:Q4393587|republic]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4425709|Q4425709]] | ''[[:d:Q4425709|sō]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4174776|village of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4456179|Q4456179]] | ''[[:d:Q4456179|territorial unit with special status of Moscow]]'' | ''[[:d:Q462667|administrative territorial entity of Moscow]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4535144|Q4535144]] | ''[[:d:Q4535144|yurt]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4691989|Q4691989]] | ''[[:d:Q4691989|agency]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4856913|Q4856913]] | ''[[:d:Q4856913|banner]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4897108|Q4897108]] | ''[[:d:Q4897108|partida]]'' | ''[[:d:Q175185|rural area]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4899885|Q4899885]] | ''[[:d:Q4899885|beylerbeylik]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | |- | [[:d:Q4976993|Q4976993]] | ''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5121385|Q5121385]] | ''[[:d:Q5121385|circle]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5144960|Q5144960]] | ''[[:d:Q5144960|microregion]]'' | [[region]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5148433|Q5148433]] | ''[[:d:Q5148433|Mexico City colonia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5148198|colonia of Mexico]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5154611|Q5154611]] | ''[[:d:Q5154611|community]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5195043|Q5195043]] | ''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5284423|Q5284423]] | ''[[:d:Q5284423|division]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5284624|Q5284624]] | ''[[:d:Q5284624|division of West Bengal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5434436|Q5434436]] | ''[[:d:Q5434436|fanzhen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10922837|administrative territorial entity of the Tang dynasty]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1197588|military government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5473816|Q5473816]] | ''[[:d:Q5473816|Crown land]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5571369|Q5571369]] | ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5639312|Q5639312]] | [[voivodato]] | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5811429|Q5811429]] | ''[[:d:Q5811429|district in Managua]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15633191|distrito]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5942455|Q5942455]] | ''[[:d:Q5942455|keverang]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q6014817|Q6014817]] | ''[[:d:Q6014817|karye]]'' | | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q6024226|Q6024226]] | ''[[:d:Q6024226|metropolitan municipality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q200250|metropole]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q6026936|Q6026936]] | ''[[:d:Q6026936|liva]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q6063891|Q6063891]] | ''[[:d:Q6063891|partido]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q6100739|Q6100739]] | ''[[:d:Q6100739|administrative territorial entity of Istanbul]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q6104039|Q6104039]] | ''[[:d:Q6104039|región socioeconómica de Costa Rica]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q6106059|Q6106059]] | ''[[:d:Q6106059|Indian republics]]'' | ''[[:d:Q25380035|ethnic community]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q6972919|Q6972919]] | ''[[:d:Q6972919|National Government Park]]'' | ''[[:d:Q22746|urban park]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7194321|Q7194321]] | ''[[:d:Q7194321|has]]'' | ''[[:d:Q975783|estate in land]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5473816|Crown land]]''<ref name="ref_268b7068665b16c80a5ae4117de3e05654b47632163243a2af084b0f27b515d0">https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/has--arazi</ref> | ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<ref name="ref_268b7068665b16c80a5ae4117de3e05654b47632163243a2af084b0f27b515d0">https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/has--arazi</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7251287|Q7251287]] | ''[[:d:Q7251287|protected area of Wales]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7251293|protected area of the United Kingdom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7251291|Q7251291]] | ''[[:d:Q7251291|protected area of the Northern Territory]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]'' | lista de un projecto de Wikimedia |- | [[:d:Q7375078|Q7375078]] | ''[[:d:Q7375078|royal manor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7380054|Q7380054]] | ''[[:d:Q7380054|Luak Tanah Mengandung]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118594136|luak]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7425963|Q7425963]] | ''[[:d:Q7425963|Satavado]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7432341|Q7432341]] | ''[[:d:Q7432341|school division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7444705|Q7444705]] | ''[[:d:Q7444705|sector]]'' | ''[[:d:Q219858|zone]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7495728|Q7495728]] | ''[[:d:Q7495728|shiyakha]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7551933|Q7551933]] | ''[[:d:Q7551933|mahalla]]'' | ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7631923|Q7631923]] | ''[[:d:Q7631923|subregion]]'' | [[region]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7703797|Q7703797]] | ''[[:d:Q7703797|territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3253485|administrative territorial entity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7886462|Q7886462]] | ''[[:d:Q7886462|moshav shitufi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q917146|moshav]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161387|kibbutz]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q8071905|Q8071905]] | ''[[:d:Q8071905|Zillah]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q8242634|Q8242634]] | ''[[:d:Q8242634|Baronía de Cárcer]]'' | | [[Territorio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q8501237|Q8501237]] | ''[[:d:Q8501237|large city]]'' | ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q9367715|Q9367715]] | ''[[:d:Q9367715|ulus]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q10139375|Q10139375]] | ''[[:d:Q10139375|Eastern Catholic ecclesiastical province]]'' | ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q625160|ecclesiastical province]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q427961|metropolis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q10296503|Q10296503]] | ''[[:d:Q10296503|župa]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q10433151|Q10433151]] | ''[[:d:Q10433151|civic municipality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q10466601|Q10466601]] | ''[[:d:Q10466601|Danske grevskaber og baronier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q10545864|Q10545864]] | ''[[:d:Q10545864|kism]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q10551473|Q10551473]] | ''[[:d:Q10551473|parish union]]'' | ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q10666776|Q10666776]] | ''[[:d:Q10666776|setting]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q10861243|Q10861243]] | ''[[:d:Q10861243|stamp territory]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q10910840|Q10910840]] | ''[[:d:Q10910840|Ting]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11183787|Q11183787]] | ''[[:d:Q11183787|Ortschaft]]'' | ''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11385643|Q11385643]] | ''[[:d:Q11385643|ho]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29428403|pentad]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11396088|Q11396088]] | ''[[:d:Q11396088|bunkoku]]'' | ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''<br/>[[Territorio]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11414697|Q11414697]] | ''[[:d:Q11414697|myō]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11424278|Q11424278]] | ''[[:d:Q11424278|autonomous ward (Japan)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11479488|Q11479488]] | ''[[:d:Q11479488|Industrial District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1662024|industrial district]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11479490|Q11479490]] | ''[[:d:Q11479490|Exclusive Industrial District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11480694|Q11480694]] | ''[[:d:Q11480694|urbanization promotion area]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11643682|city planning area of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q16142566|city planning (Japan)]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q116691874|area classification (Japan)]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11480695|Q11480695]] | ''[[:d:Q11480695|urbanization control area]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11643682|city planning area of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q116691874|area classification (Japan)]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16142566|city planning (Japan)]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11488831|Q11488831]] | ''[[:d:Q11488831|mikuriya]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1887569|shōen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11564383|Q11564383]] | ''[[:d:Q11564383|Quasi-residential District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11564397|Q11564397]] | ''[[:d:Q11564397|Quasi-industrial District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11564414|Q11564414]] | ''[[:d:Q11564414|quasi-city planning area]]'' | ''[[:d:Q28692710|state territory]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11564415|Q11564415]] | ''[[:d:Q11564415|Quasi-fire Prevention District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11570788|Q11570788]] | ''[[:d:Q11570788|special use district]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11570918|Q11570918]] | ''[[:d:Q11570918|Specified Block]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11602099|Q11602099]] | ''[[:d:Q11602099|Category 1 Medium-to-high-rise Exclusive Residential District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11602100|Q11602100]] | ''[[:d:Q11602100|Category 1 Residential District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11602101|Q11602101]] | ''[[:d:Q11602101|Category 1 Low-rise Exclusive Residential District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11602320|Q11602320]] | ''[[:d:Q11602320|Category 2 Medium-to-high-rise Exclusive Residential District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11602321|Q11602321]] | ''[[:d:Q11602321|Category 2 Low-rise Exclusive Residential District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11602322|Q11602322]] | ''[[:d:Q11602322|Category 2 Residential District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11602738|Q11602738]] | ''[[:d:Q11602738|suji]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11607807|Q11607807]] | ''[[:d:Q11607807|Ryokuchi hozen chiiki]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5162954|conservation designation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11631303|Q11631303]] | ''[[:d:Q11631303|hyō]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11639125|Q11639125]] | ''[[:d:Q11639125|Neighborhood Commercial District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11643597|Q11643597]] | ''[[:d:Q11643597|Special Districts for Urban Renaissance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11643682|Q11643682]] | ''[[:d:Q11643682|city planning area of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q28692710|state territory]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11649786|Q11649786]] | ''[[:d:Q11649786|railway zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1192403|concession]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11657023|Q11657023]] | ''[[:d:Q11657023|Fire Prevention District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11664885|Q11664885]] | ''[[:d:Q11664885|ryō]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11665558|Q11665558]] | ''[[:d:Q11665558|Scenic districts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q858308|Cultural Property of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11668267|Q11668267]] | ''[[:d:Q11668267|駐車場整備地区]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11669892|Q11669892]] | ''[[:d:Q11669892|High-level Use District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11669894|Q11669894]] | ''[[:d:Q11669894|Height Control District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11916810|Q11916810]] | ''[[:d:Q11916810|Deli en Serdang]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11970574|Q11970574]] | ''[[:d:Q11970574|Country (Norwegian history)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q12033861|Q12033861]] | ''[[:d:Q12033861|Lokalie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q12039398|Q12039398]] | ''[[:d:Q12039398|městská část]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q12076836|Q12076836]] | ''[[:d:Q12076836|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q12132320|Q12132320]] | ''[[:d:Q12132320|Енпуç ен]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q12409827|Q12409827]] | ''[[:d:Q12409827|Territory of the Tribe of Manasseh]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q104442652|territory of a tribe]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q12479773|Q12479773]] | ''[[:d:Q12479773|first-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q12479774|Q12479774]] | ''[[:d:Q12479774|second-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3299260|local government area]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q12724246|Q12724246]] | ''[[:d:Q12724246|cnezat]]'' | [[Principato]] | ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q12778511|Q12778511]] | ''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q12910663|Q12910663]] | ''[[:d:Q12910663|srez]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q12978349|Q12978349]] | ''[[:d:Q12978349|Special Grade Municipalities]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q13058507|Q13058507]] | ''[[:d:Q13058507|subdivision of West Bengal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q13358528|Q13358528]] | ''[[:d:Q13358528|fiscal district]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10947702|administrative territorial entity of Song dynasty]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16077826|administrative territorial entity of Jin dynasty]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11387891|administrative territorial entity of the Yuan Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q718570|circuit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q13526752|Q13526752]] | ''[[:d:Q13526752|lugar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3055118|single entity of population]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q13646349|Q13646349]] | ''[[:d:Q13646349|Government (Dutch East Indies)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q14916058|Q14916058]] | ''[[:d:Q14916058|territory]]'' | [[Territorio]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15253706|Q15253706]] | ''[[:d:Q15253706|city]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15630906|Q15630906]] | ''[[:d:Q15630906|rural district]]'' | ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15637757|Q15637757]] | ''[[:d:Q15637757|mahakuma]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15649504|Q15649504]] | ''[[:d:Q15649504|satrapy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1371288|vassal state]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15725677|Q15725677]] | ''[[:d:Q15725677|pedanía]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15727673|Q15727673]] | ''[[:d:Q15727673|city district of Hanover]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15728204|Q15728204]] | ''[[:d:Q15728204|province of Saudi Arabia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15623255|administrative territorial entity of Saudi Arabia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1771656|mintaqa]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15894786|Q15894786]] | ''[[:d:Q15894786|United States administrative division type]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15901936|Q15901936]] | ''[[:d:Q15901936|district of South Korea (autonomous)]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16118675|Q16118675]] | ''[[:d:Q16118675|حي شعبي]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16142566|Q16142566]] | ''[[:d:Q16142566|city planning (Japan)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q69883|urbanistica]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q69883|urbanistica]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16181672|Q16181672]] | ''[[:d:Q16181672|special autonomous city in South Korea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[citate]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16638537|Q16638537]] | ''[[:d:Q16638537|мястэчка]]'' | ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16646034|Q16646034]] | ''[[:d:Q16646034|episcopal vicariate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16652878|Q16652878]] | ''[[:d:Q16652878|zaimka]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16915726|Q16915726]] | ''[[:d:Q16915726|Mesoregion (geography)]]'' | [[region]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q17051044|Q17051044]] | ''[[:d:Q17051044|mahalle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q17130641|Q17130641]] | ''[[:d:Q17130641|syssel]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q17143723|Q17143723]] | ''[[:d:Q17143723|Catholic parish]]'' | ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<ref name="ref_077f98c9b6834479313df83a5999c3486ebb74fd613105ca4b4d0d994ab4f2d8">''[[:d:Q7005198|New Advent]]''</ref><ref name="ref_077f98c9b6834479313df83a5999c3486ebb74fd613105ca4b4d0d994ab4f2d8">''[[:d:Q7005198|New Advent]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q13358519|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23955632|Catholic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q17147958|Q17147958]] | ''[[:d:Q17147958|intendency]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q17208868|Q17208868]] | ''[[:d:Q17208868|都市再生緊急整備地域]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q17217734|Q17217734]] | ''[[:d:Q17217734|tenaga]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q17299748|Q17299748]] | ''[[:d:Q17299748|Vulka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q17319258|Q17319258]] | ''[[:d:Q17319258|presidency of British India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2385925|presidencies and provinces in British India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3558349|presidency]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q17361443|Q17361443]] | ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]'' | [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q17990737|Q17990737]] | ''[[:d:Q17990737|Landscape Districts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q18199255|Q18199255]] | ''[[:d:Q18199255|Amtskommune]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q18658990|Q18658990]] | ''[[:d:Q18658990|Ke-tsng-siā-hiunn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18652293|Pó-lí-hiong-ò]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12076836|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18658211|administrative territorial entity of Taiwan under Qing rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q18729324|Q18729324]] | ''[[:d:Q18729324|razyezd]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q19563262|Q19563262]] | ''[[:d:Q19563262|county of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q64606162|administrative territorial entity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26654367|former county]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q19610511|Q19610511]] | ''[[:d:Q19610511|township]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27096235|artificial geographic entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q19703730|Q19703730]] | ''[[:d:Q19703730|district-notary office]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q19832689|Q19832689]] | ''[[:d:Q19832689|îlot]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q19868905|Q19868905]] | ''[[:d:Q19868905|administrative territorial entity of Minas Gerais]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q19905455|Q19905455]] | ''[[:d:Q19905455|borough]]'' | ''[[:d:Q688718|administrative territorial entity of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q30059|arrondissement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q19939940|Q19939940]] | ''[[:d:Q19939940|ban]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q19941361|Q19941361]] | ''[[:d:Q19941361|tong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q20113851|Q20113851]] | ''[[:d:Q20113851|gun]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q20180964|Q20180964]] | ''[[:d:Q20180964|franciscan custody]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q20203616|Q20203616]] | ''[[:d:Q20203616|Indian reservation]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q57237926|reservation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q25380035|ethnic community]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q20541692|Q20541692]] | ''[[:d:Q20541692|settlement in Galicia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<ref name="ref_1fbd72c043ce0480eaea53a397388f5226d3cd78ac056c09e7b89586971eb320">''[[:d:Q3306957|Galician Statute of Autonomy of 1981]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<ref name="ref_1fbd72c043ce0480eaea53a397388f5226d3cd78ac056c09e7b89586971eb320">''[[:d:Q3306957|Galician Statute of Autonomy of 1981]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q20826981|Q20826981]] | ''[[:d:Q20826981|Rural community (local government)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q175185|rural area]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q20986707|Q20986707]] | ''[[:d:Q20986707|cantred]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q21039427|Q21039427]] | ''[[:d:Q21039427|boma]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15623929|administrative territorial entity of South Sudan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q21619677|Q21619677]] | ''[[:d:Q21619677|amanate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q21824758|Q21824758]] | ''[[:d:Q21824758|ga]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q21824871|Q21824871]] | ''[[:d:Q21824871|ro]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q22085013|Q22085013]] | ''[[:d:Q22085013|eparchy]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q22693483|Q22693483]] | ''[[:d:Q22693483|Pflegamt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q23827464|Q23827464]] | ''[[:d:Q23827464|centre of Saudi Arabia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15623255|administrative territorial entity of Saudi Arabia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q24024848|Q24024848]] | ''[[:d:Q24024848|eup of South Korea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q42132|eup]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q24026248|Q24026248]] | ''[[:d:Q24026248|участок]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q24859699|Q24859699]] | ''[[:d:Q24859699|総合区]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29925520|borough of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q24949989|Q24949989]] | ''[[:d:Q24949989|Zonal Council]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q24953176|Q24953176]] | ''[[:d:Q24953176|special administrative region]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25377531|Q25377531]] | ''[[:d:Q25377531|Territorial Authority]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25532202|Q25532202]] | ''[[:d:Q25532202|amlak]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25537045|Q25537045]] | ''[[:d:Q25537045|khaganate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17362920|Wikimedia duplicated page]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q26262476|Q26262476]] | ''[[:d:Q26262476|third-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q26912005|Q26912005]] | ''[[:d:Q26912005|regio]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27254663|Q27254663]] | ''[[:d:Q27254663|Station village]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27254666|Q27254666]] | ''[[:d:Q27254666|urban-type settlement by the railway station]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27295972|Q27295972]] | ''[[:d:Q27295972|посёлок железнодорожной платформы]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27517998|Q27517998]] | ''[[:d:Q27517998|маяк]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27518087|Q27518087]] | ''[[:d:Q27518087|казарма]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27518260|Q27518260]] | ''[[:d:Q27518260|монтёрский пункт]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27518266|Q27518266]] | ''[[:d:Q27518266|метеостанция]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27518282|Q27518282]] | ''[[:d:Q27518282|гидрологический пост]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27518287|Q27518287]] | ''[[:d:Q27518287|контрольный пункт связи]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27518793|Q27518793]] | ''[[:d:Q27518793|железнодорожный блокпост]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27526294|Q27526294]] | ''[[:d:Q27526294|железнодорожный пост]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27526303|Q27526303]] | ''[[:d:Q27526303|лесной посёлок]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27531730|Q27531730]] | ''[[:d:Q27531730|kordon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27532791|Q27532791]] | ''[[:d:Q27532791|railway booth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27532818|Q27532818]] | ''[[:d:Q27532818|railway barracks]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27537456|Q27537456]] | ''[[:d:Q27537456|железнодорожный дом]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27537502|Q27537502]] | ''[[:d:Q27537502|посёлок лесоучастка]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27566198|Q27566198]] | ''[[:d:Q27566198|остановочная платформа]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27577201|Q27577201]] | ''[[:d:Q27577201|железнодорожная платформа]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27587207|Q27587207]] | ''[[:d:Q27587207|city municipality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27587491|Q27587491]] | ''[[:d:Q27587491|urban-type settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15078955|urban-type settlement in Russia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27588300|Q27588300]] | ''[[:d:Q27588300|железнодорожная площадка]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27588331|Q27588331]] | ''[[:d:Q27588331|state farm settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q28081313|Q28081313]] | ''[[:d:Q28081313|municipality section]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q28517354|Q28517354]] | ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q28683636|Q28683636]] | ''[[:d:Q28683636|High-rise residential Attraction District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q28754498|Q28754498]] | ''[[:d:Q28754498|chōme]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5327369|chōchō]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q29925520|Q29925520]] | ''[[:d:Q29925520|borough of Japan]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q29946056|Q29946056]] | ''[[:d:Q29946056|highly urbanized city]]'' | ''[[:d:Q104157|city of the Philippines]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q30674761|Q30674761]] | ''[[:d:Q30674761|Australian marine park]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2616170|marine reserve]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q30749622|Q30749622]] | ''[[:d:Q30749622|archpriesthood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q385337|deanery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q30928563|Q30928563]] | ''[[:d:Q30928563|邑]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q7884789|toponym]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q30943418|Q30943418]] | ''[[:d:Q30943418|城]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q31835971|Q31835971]] | ''[[:d:Q31835971|Munizipalität]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q33146843|Q33146843]] | ''[[:d:Q33146843|municipality of Catalonia]]'' | [[municipalitates de Espania]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11917457|subdivisions of Catalonia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q42692874|Q42692874]] | ''[[:d:Q42692874|Verwaltungsbezirk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q264441|Bezirk]]''<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q47795905|Q47795905]] | ''[[:d:Q47795905|Piarist province]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109612062|territorial demarcation of the Pious Schools]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q48760287|Q48760287]] | ''[[:d:Q48760287|Countryside Residential District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q48784221|Q48784221]] | ''[[:d:Q48784221|collación]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1761572|barrio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1626455|parroquia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q48816145|Q48816145]] | ''[[:d:Q48816145|sector of Islamabad]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7444705|sector]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q51041800|Q51041800]] | ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1530022|organisation religiose]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q52063214|Q52063214]] | ''[[:d:Q52063214|provincial park]]'' | ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>[[parco]]<br/>''[[:d:Q728904|nature park]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137393561|type of park]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q52226526|Q52226526]] | ''[[:d:Q52226526|Roede van Harelbeke]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>[[canton]] | |- | [[:d:Q55237813|Q55237813]] | ''[[:d:Q55237813|village of New York]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q751708|village in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q47682|administrative territorial entity of New York]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q55998242|Q55998242]] | ''[[:d:Q55998242|administrative region of Quebec]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q56205755|Q56205755]] | ''[[:d:Q56205755|district of Rotuma]]'' | ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q56271507|Q56271507]] | ''[[:d:Q56271507|鎮]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q58446572|Q58446572]] | ''[[:d:Q58446572|electoral division of County Galway]]'' | ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q58872171|Q58872171]] | ''[[:d:Q58872171|baronía]]'' | ''[[:d:Q9008644|Ancient Regime of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q223573|barony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q61478101|administrative territorial entity of the Crown of Castile]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q60843390|Q60843390]] | ''[[:d:Q60843390|subdivision of Odisha]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q61089180|Q61089180]] | ''[[:d:Q61089180|municipal part of the Czech Republic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q115252541|part of a municipality in Czech Republic and Slovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q61763780|Q61763780]] | ''[[:d:Q61763780|administrative territorial entity of Aragon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q63645004|Q63645004]] | ''[[:d:Q63645004|territorial autonomy]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q65251207|Q65251207]] | ''[[:d:Q65251207|Territory of the Tribe of Benjamin]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q104442652|territory of a tribe]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q65281628|Q65281628]] | ''[[:d:Q65281628|行政区]]'' | ''[[:d:Q137773|ward of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q65522058|Q65522058]] | ''[[:d:Q65522058|府藩県]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q66661665|Q66661665]] | ''[[:d:Q66661665|governorate of Saudi Arabia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15623255|administrative territorial entity of Saudi Arabia]]''<ref name="ref_80b3aaf6e6432e022cda75644619f938b777b2cf758fa0e768d75257f71be855">''[[:d:Q105518758|Law of Provinces]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1798622|governorate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q66980180|Q66980180]] | ''[[:d:Q66980180|macrohood]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q66980952|Q66980952]] | ''[[:d:Q66980952|microhood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q69935452|Q69935452]] | ''[[:d:Q69935452|town of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q69936911|county of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10910840|Ting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q69935538|Q69935538]] | ''[[:d:Q69935538|village of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q69936911|county of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10910840|Ting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q85882297|Q85882297]] | ''[[:d:Q85882297|Exceptional Floor Area Ratio District]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q86725643|Q86725643]] | ''[[:d:Q86725643|fumoto]]'' | ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q86726256|Q86726256]] | ''[[:d:Q86726256|province cartusienne]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q90511324|Q90511324]] | ''[[:d:Q90511324|Franciscan province (O.F.M.)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q92157630|Q92157630]] | ''[[:d:Q92157630|school sector]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q93389881|Q93389881]] | ''[[:d:Q93389881|región sanitaria de Cataluña]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q96196009|Q96196009]] | ''[[:d:Q96196009|former or current state]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1063239|polity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q97344267|Q97344267]] | ''[[:d:Q97344267|Поселение]]'' | ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q102104752|Q102104752]] | ''[[:d:Q102104752|city of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]'' | ''[[:d:Q843752|political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q102131920|Q102131920]] | ''[[:d:Q102131920|thikana]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1336152|princely state]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104442652|Q104442652]] | ''[[:d:Q104442652|territory of a tribe]]'' | [[region]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104530683|Q104530683]] | ''[[:d:Q104530683|Pusta]]'' | ''[[:d:Q175185|rural area]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104711456|Q104711456]] | ''[[:d:Q104711456|Трудовая коммуна (РСФСР)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q105063846|Q105063846]] | ''[[:d:Q105063846|part of the municipality part]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q105985227|Q105985227]] | ''[[:d:Q105985227|省]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106078286|Q106078286]] | ''[[:d:Q106078286|component city]]'' | ''[[:d:Q104157|city of the Philippines]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106079704|Q106079704]] | ''[[:d:Q106079704|independent component city]]'' | ''[[:d:Q104157|city of the Philippines]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106458883|Q106458883]] | ''[[:d:Q106458883|state]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106458918|Q106458918]] | ''[[:d:Q106458918|parish]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106531650|Q106531650]] | ''[[:d:Q106531650|province]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106532582|Q106532582]] | ''[[:d:Q106532582|territory]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106533981|Q106533981]] | ''[[:d:Q106533981|district]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106534046|Q106534046]] | ''[[:d:Q106534046|dependency]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106592151|Q106592151]] | ''[[:d:Q106592151|national nature park]]'' | [[parco national]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106698210|Q106698210]] | ''[[:d:Q106698210|arrondissement of Cameroon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3360771|administrative territorial entity of Cameroon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106889447|Q106889447]] | ''[[:d:Q106889447|ardiaconate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q107484850|Q107484850]] | ''[[:d:Q107484850|alcaldía mayor]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q107759421|Q107759421]] | ''[[:d:Q107759421|mountain hamlet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q107918234|Q107918234]] | ''[[:d:Q107918234|městský obvod]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q108000498|Q108000498]] | ''[[:d:Q108000498|part of municipality in Czechoslovakia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20724760|administrative territorial entity of Czechoslovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q108379543|Q108379543]] | ''[[:d:Q108379543|Fauna and Flora Sanctuary]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1790016|protected area of Colombia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179049|nature reserve]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q108494671|Q108494671]] | ''[[:d:Q108494671|Greek catholic parish]]'' | ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q163740|nonprofit organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1530022|organisation religiose]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109562558|Q109562558]] | ''[[:d:Q109562558|salesian province]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109586943|Q109586943]] | ''[[:d:Q109586943|Capuchin province]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109587150|Q109587150]] | ''[[:d:Q109587150|Conventual Franciscan province]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109593182|Q109593182]] | ''[[:d:Q109593182|province of the Order of Preachers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<ref name="ref_11f0eddf37fa068d6459534293196ef29db5f4ec33a8062b36139827c576f973">https://www.op.org/provincias/?lang=es#1559123084713-8a1110dd-2fca</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q109612062|Q109612062]] | ''[[:d:Q109612062|territorial demarcation of the Pious Schools]]'' | ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109612325|Q109612325]] | ''[[:d:Q109612325|vice-province]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110158634|Q110158634]] | ''[[:d:Q110158634|Сєлѥниѥ градьска тѷпа]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2989457|urban-type settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110256042|Q110256042]] | ''[[:d:Q110256042|police-administered area]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114839325|police administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110256333|Q110256333]] | ''[[:d:Q110256333|new city of Egypt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1074523|planned community]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110390579|Q110390579]] | ''[[:d:Q110390579|city of United Kingdom]]'' | [[citate]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110946229|Q110946229]] | ''[[:d:Q110946229|dong]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111081341|Q111081341]] | ''[[:d:Q111081341|waterfront district (Japan)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111264878|Q111264878]] | ''[[:d:Q111264878|demarcación paisajística]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111737478|Q111737478]] | ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23955632|Catholic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q112245920|Q112245920]] | ''[[:d:Q112245920|полицейская часть]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q112945489|Q112945489]] | ''[[:d:Q112945489|circaria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q113386230|Q113386230]] | ''[[:d:Q113386230|independent subprovince]]'' | ''[[:d:Q330425|sanjak]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q113388921|Q113388921]] | ''[[:d:Q113388921|privileged Ottoman province]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q113389351|Q113389351]] | ''[[:d:Q113389351|mutasarrifate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q113389576|Q113389576]] | ''[[:d:Q113389576|nahiye seat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q470540|seat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q113390156|Q113390156]] | ''[[:d:Q113390156|kaza seat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q470540|seat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q113390205|Q113390205]] | ''[[:d:Q113390205|sanjak seat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q470540|seat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1306755|centro administrative]]''<ref name="ref_8f744e3de8e53df3722302465cf1f48e542fd72eabe15b2c2796f7dfba6618c6">''[[:d:Q61720929|Encyclopaedia of Islam, 3rd edition]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q113390253|Q113390253]] | ''[[:d:Q113390253|vilayet seat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q470540|seat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q113660981|Q113660981]] | ''[[:d:Q113660981|Otok (administrative unit)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q946868|Tumen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115252541|Q115252541]] | ''[[:d:Q115252541|part of a municipality in Czech Republic and Slovakia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115916908|Q115916908]] | ''[[:d:Q115916908|electoral area of British Columbia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q175185|rural area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115943990|Q115943990]] | ''[[:d:Q115943990|Colonias of Cuautitlan Izcalli]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5148198|colonia of Mexico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q116007761|Q116007761]] | ''[[:d:Q116007761|land district of British Columbia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18346622|cadastral division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q116215373|Q116215373]] | ''[[:d:Q116215373|imperial city]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57318|free imperial city]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q116215378|Q116215378]] | ''[[:d:Q116215378|free city]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57318|free imperial city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13218276|free city]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q116691874|Q116691874]] | ''[[:d:Q116691874|area classification (Japan)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11643682|city planning area of Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q117209621|Q117209621]] | ''[[:d:Q117209621|commune of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3253485|administrative territorial entity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q117350247|Q117350247]] | ''[[:d:Q117350247|Commercial District in Japan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5152545|commercial area]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1133961|commercial district]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q117351014|Q117351014]] | ''[[:d:Q117351014|災害危険区域]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q117351402|Q117351402]] | ''[[:d:Q117351402|歴史的風土特別保存地区]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q117351444|Q117351444]] | ''[[:d:Q117351444|第一種歴史的風土保存地区]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q118593746|Q118593746]] | ''[[:d:Q118593746|Luak Berundang]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q118594136|Q118594136]] | ''[[:d:Q118594136|luak]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q118601355|Q118601355]] | ''[[:d:Q118601355|Luak Beradat]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q119146498|Q119146498]] | ''[[:d:Q119146498|Colonias of State of Mexico]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5148198|colonia of Mexico]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q120410026|Q120410026]] | ''[[:d:Q120410026|Local Educational Management Unit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2385804|educational institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6663997|local education agency]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q122146132|Q122146132]] | ''[[:d:Q122146132|special green space conservation districts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23790|natural monument]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179049|nature reserve]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5162954|conservation designation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q122911647|Q122911647]] | ''[[:d:Q122911647|territorial episcopal vicariate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q16646034|episcopal vicariate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q122955538|Q122955538]] | ''[[:d:Q122955538|treding]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q122956696|Q122956696]] | ''[[:d:Q122956696|subdivision of Sikkim]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q122987727|Q122987727]] | ''[[:d:Q122987727|subdivision of Lakshadweep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q122987729|Q122987729]] | ''[[:d:Q122987729|subdivision of Manipur]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q123009250|Q123009250]] | ''[[:d:Q123009250|community development block of Tamil Nadu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q123340192|Q123340192]] | ''[[:d:Q123340192|pobláu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q123553915|Q123553915]] | ''[[:d:Q123553915|part of National Government Park]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6972919|National Government Park]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q124022543|Q124022543]] | ''[[:d:Q124022543|Kotar]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q124098638|Q124098638]] | ''[[:d:Q124098638|Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province]]'' | ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q625160|ecclesiastical province]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23955632|Catholic organization]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q124466626|Q124466626]] | ''[[:d:Q124466626|Gokusho Urban Landscape Formation District]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q676050|old town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q124474738|Q124474738]] | ''[[:d:Q124474738|Jōtenji-dōri Urban Landscape Formation District]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q124669069|Q124669069]] | ''[[:d:Q124669069|division of Madhya Pradesh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125352368|Q125352368]] | ''[[:d:Q125352368|村镇]]'' | ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125626392|Q125626392]] | ''[[:d:Q125626392|revenue division in Tamil Nadu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125626445|Q125626445]] | ''[[:d:Q125626445|revenue division in Andhra Pradesh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125626476|Q125626476]] | ''[[:d:Q125626476|revenue division in Telangana]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125627541|Q125627541]] | ''[[:d:Q125627541|revenue division in Kerala]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125631936|Q125631936]] | ''[[:d:Q125631936|subdivision of Bihar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125631953|Q125631953]] | ''[[:d:Q125631953|subdivision of Uttar Pradesh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907346|Q125907346]] | ''[[:d:Q125907346|division of Uttar Pradesh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907347|Q125907347]] | ''[[:d:Q125907347|division of Jharkhand]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907349|Q125907349]] | ''[[:d:Q125907349|division of Chhattisgarh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907350|Q125907350]] | ''[[:d:Q125907350|division of Rajasthan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907351|Q125907351]] | ''[[:d:Q125907351|division of Haryana]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907352|Q125907352]] | ''[[:d:Q125907352|division of Jammu And Kashmir]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907353|Q125907353]] | ''[[:d:Q125907353|division of Bihar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907354|Q125907354]] | ''[[:d:Q125907354|division of Assam]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907355|Q125907355]] | ''[[:d:Q125907355|division of Odisha]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907356|Q125907356]] | ''[[:d:Q125907356|division of Delhi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907357|Q125907357]] | ''[[:d:Q125907357|division of Maharashtra]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907359|Q125907359]] | ''[[:d:Q125907359|division of Himachal Pradesh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907360|Q125907360]] | ''[[:d:Q125907360|division of Karnataka]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907362|Q125907362]] | ''[[:d:Q125907362|division of Meghalaya]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907363|Q125907363]] | ''[[:d:Q125907363|division of Arunachal Pradesh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907364|Q125907364]] | ''[[:d:Q125907364|division of Ladakh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907365|Q125907365]] | ''[[:d:Q125907365|division of Punjab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907368|Q125907368]] | ''[[:d:Q125907368|division of Uttarakhand]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125907369|Q125907369]] | ''[[:d:Q125907369|division of Nagaland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125918906|Q125918906]] | ''[[:d:Q125918906|subdivision of Maharashtra]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125919325|Q125919325]] | ''[[:d:Q125919325|subdivision of Uttarakhand]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125919353|Q125919353]] | ''[[:d:Q125919353|subdivision of Jharkhand]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q125923559|Q125923559]] | ''[[:d:Q125923559|subdivsion of Gujarat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126896673|Q126896673]] | ''[[:d:Q126896673|district of South Korea (non-autonomous)]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q127229284|Q127229284]] | ''[[:d:Q127229284|Ammanie of Brussels]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q127378230|Q127378230]] | ''[[:d:Q127378230|isolated dwelling in Latvia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109779065|human settlement in Latvia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q128477938|Q128477938]] | ''[[:d:Q128477938|haengjeongmyeon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q483515|myeon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q128807925|Q128807925]] | ''[[:d:Q128807925|арбан]]'' | [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q130241638|Q130241638]] | ''[[:d:Q130241638|каймаканство]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q130376174|Q130376174]] | ''[[:d:Q130376174|ri (administrative)]]'' | [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q130458414|Q130458414]] | ''[[:d:Q130458414|郷]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q130616842|Q130616842]] | ''[[:d:Q130616842|circoscrizione di Ravenna]]'' | ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''<ref name="ref_dd65dee6a537ba0e05d1f1ed5316bd12d7968992a988c0fc93b55df5d013f4e0">https://www.comune.ra.it/il-comune/decentramento/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q130919183|Q130919183]] | ''[[:d:Q130919183|amt]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q132730984|Q132730984]] | ''[[:d:Q132730984|commune of Burundi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q132732881|Q132732881]] | ''[[:d:Q132732881|administrative territorial entity of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12076836|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q133800978|Q133800978]] | ''[[:d:Q133800978|praefectura]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15644911|administrative territorial entity of the Roman Empire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q134552029|Q134552029]] | ''[[:d:Q134552029|Pana (Meitei culture)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q135009855|Q135009855]] | ''[[:d:Q135009855|sub-tehsil]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q135111350|Q135111350]] | ''[[:d:Q135111350|district]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q135112192|Q135112192]] | ''[[:d:Q135112192|parish annex]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q135299026|Q135299026]] | ''[[:d:Q135299026|microdistrict of Tbilisi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q135415335|Q135415335]] | ''[[:d:Q135415335|Hêm]]'' | ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q135437929|Q135437929]] | ''[[:d:Q135437929|hetmanate]]'' | [[stato]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q135447139|Q135447139]] | ''[[:d:Q135447139|Verbrecherstaat]]'' | [[stato]] | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q135451523|Q135451523]] | ''[[:d:Q135451523|mezraa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q135455595|Q135455595]] | ''[[:d:Q135455595|kasaba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q135512166|Q135512166]] | ''[[:d:Q135512166|gospodarlık]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q136098733|Q136098733]] | ''[[:d:Q136098733|paşa livası]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q136431832|Q136431832]] | ''[[:d:Q136431832|Ortschaft (Niedersachsen)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11183787|Ortschaft]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q136442176|Q136442176]] | ''[[:d:Q136442176|Zone police]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q136442212|Q136442212]] | ''[[:d:Q136442212|Zone gendarmerie]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q136534136|Q136534136]] | ''[[:d:Q136534136|поссовет в СССР]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1631226|settlement council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q211201|Soviet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q136534923|Q136534923]] | ''[[:d:Q136534923|горсовет в СССР]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q211201|Soviet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q136935588|Q136935588]] | ''[[:d:Q136935588|Guinean neighborhood]]'' | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q137211599|Q137211599]] | ''[[:d:Q137211599|aksakal]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q137211677|Q137211677]] | ''[[:d:Q137211677|tuman (Bukhara Emirate)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q137211923|Q137211923]] | ''[[:d:Q137211923|qūrğancha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q137260405|Q137260405]] | ''[[:d:Q137260405|SS-Abschnitt XXXIX]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q18332808|SS-Abschnitt]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q207320|paramilitary organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q153936|militia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q138388710|Q138388710]] | ''[[:d:Q138388710|consiglio di zona of Livorno]]'' | ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q138823494|Q138823494]] | ''[[:d:Q138823494|federated region]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q138823699|Q138823699]] | ''[[:d:Q138823699|federated community]]'' | ''[[:d:Q138823755|administrative community]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q138823755|Q138823755]] | ''[[:d:Q138823755|administrative community]]'' | ''[[:d:Q177634|community]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q140039150|Q140039150]] | ''[[:d:Q140039150|presbytery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]'' | |} {{Wikidata list end}} rbqkgye95grzcqb7vquz4ad9yhwgofm 0 61019 697023 2026-06-06T20:09:04Z ~2026-33584-16 60143 Pagina create con “[[File:Déflation au Japon.png|thumb|Inflation de [[Japon]] desde le annos 1990 usque a 2013. Sub le zero se observa le [[Economia de Japon#Annos recente|epochas deflationari]].]] Le '''deflation''' o '''inflation negative''', in [[economia]], es le diminution generalisate e sustenite del [[precio|precios]] de [[Ben economic|benes]] e [[Servicio (economia)|servicios]]. Le [[Fondo Monetari International]] (FMI) considera que existe deflation quando iste cadita se prol...” 697023 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Déflation au Japon.png|thumb|Inflation de [[Japon]] desde le annos 1990 usque a 2013. Sub le zero se observa le [[Economia de Japon#Annos recente|epochas deflationari]].]] Le '''deflation''' o '''inflation negative''', in [[economia]], es le diminution generalisate e sustenite del [[precio|precios]] de [[Ben economic|benes]] e [[Servicio (economia)|servicios]]. Le [[Fondo Monetari International]] (FMI) considera que existe deflation quando iste cadita se prolonga al minus durante duo semestres consecutive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/spa/2002/12/pdf/basics.pdf|title=Deflation: periculo imminente|website=Fondo Monetari International|date=12 de decembre 2002|access-date=28 de septembre 2025}}</ref> Generalmente, le deflation es associate a un debilitate in le [[demanda aggregate]] e a un excesso de [[capacitate installate]] in le [[offerta]].<ref name="Moulier">{{cite book|last=Moulier Boutang|first=Yann|title=La abeja y el economista|publisher=Traficantes de sueños|year=2010|isbn=978-84-96453-69-2|page=66|url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/F8941.pdf|access-date=9 de decembre 2016}}</ref> == Effectos del deflation == === Periculos del deflation === Le disavantages del deflation es basicamente le reduction del activitate economic, le augmento del [[disoccupation]], le augmento de incertitude economic, le augmento del [[taxa de interesse nominal|taxas de interesse real]] per le cadita de precios, e le cadita del demanda.<ref name="Hussman2010">{{cite web | last1 = Krugman , Ph.D. | first1 =Paul , R. | author-link1 = | title = Why Is Deflation Bad? | year = 2010 | url = http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/02/why-is-deflation-bad/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=1 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref><ref name=peligro_deflación>[http://economistasfrentealacrisis.com/el-peligro-de-la-deflacion/ Le periculo del deflation], Julio Rodríguez López, Economistas Frente a la Crisis, 23 de april 2014</ref> Le periculositate de iste situation proveni de lo difficile que es exir de illo, ja que se crea un [[circulo viciose]] per le qual, al cader le demanda, le interprisas vide reducite lor margines de ganio al trovar se in le necessitate de reducer le precios pro obtener ventas; como consequentia de illo, illos debe reducer costes, lo que implica un reduction in le numero de empleos. A su vice, si il ha gente qui resta [[disoccupation|sin travalio]], le demanda continuara a diminuer, ja que istes tamben cessara de comprar.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Le deflation suppone le descenso de precios que incide in le diminution del [[Demanda aggregate|dispensa aggregate]], le qual affecta negativemente le activitate e le empleo. Iste "balla" quasi imparabile provoca un [[crise economic]] con effectos negativos super le ricchezza, su [[distribution del ricchezza|distribution]] e le [[disequalitate social]], ja que illo beneficia le creditores in prejudicio del debitores. Como le precios cade, se produce un augmento del [[taxa de interesse]] real (mesmo quando le interesse nominal mantene o mesmo abassa su valor), producente un cadita del demanda e del activitate economic general.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> === Avantages del deflation === Malgrado le periculos del deflation, alicun economistas del [[schola austriac]] defende le deflation como alique positive,<ref name="#1">{{cite web|last1=PHILIPP|title=BAGUS|url=https://mises.org/library/deflation-when-austrians-become-interventionists|website=DEFLATION: WHEN AUSTRIANS BECOME INTERVENTIONISTS|language=anglese}}</ref> argumentante que al abassar le precios, le [[potere acquisitive|potere de compra]] del individuo augmentarea; nonobstante, illes tamben assume que iste deflation ha problemas in le economia a curte termino.<ref name="#1"/> == Mesuras contra le deflation == Le instrumento pro luctar contra le deflation es le [[politica monetari]] e le controlo del [[offerta de moneta]]. Se considera que le election de Roosevelt al presidentia del Statos Unite in 1932 e le forte augmento que le nove governamento provocava in le quantitate de moneta ha jocate un rolo importante in le recuperation.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Le politicas que le Administration pote applicar pro ager contra le deflation essera orientate a potentiar le demanda pro colmar le discrepantia con le offerta. Le consenso inter le economistas super le melior option se limita al emphase in ager ''a priori'' (prevenir le deflation) plus que ''a posteriori'' (combatter le deflation). Ben que se considera necessari stimular le demanda, tamben es importante compatibilisar dicte demanda (normalmente augmentante le [[offerta de moneta]] e recurrente a vices al [[expansion quantitative]]) con un controlo del nivellos de debita private e public.<ref name="estancamiento_europa">{{cite journal|url=http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Economía europea: ¿hacia el estancamiento secular?|first1=Antón|last2=Arias|first2=Xosé Carlos|date=2015|journal=Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social ISSN: 2172 - 7856|pages=38|access-date=9 de decembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141438/http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=20 de decembre 2016|last1=Costas}}</ref> A partir de ibi, le opiniones se agrupa circa duo propostas. Le prime, [[monetarismo|monetarista]], suggere abassar le taxas de interesse e apportar fondos al entitates financiari pro fover le credito a familias e interprisas. Le secunde, de character [[keynesianismo|keynesian]], propone incrementar le dispensa public pro dinamisar le economia. Normalmente, le option le plus adequate dependera de cata situation e consistera in un combination de ambe propostas. == Deflation e disinflation == Es necessario distinguer deflation de [[disinflation]]. Le disinflation se defini como un disacceleration del precios, es dicer, illos continua a crescer sed a un rithmo menor, dum que le deflation implicarea taxas de variation negative del IPC. == Causas del deflation == Le deflation se produce quando le [[offerta]] de [[benes e servicios]] in un economia es superior al [[Demanda (economia)|demanda]]: le sector empresarial se vide obligate a reducer le precios pro poter vender le production e non vider se obligate a accumular depositos. Iste disequilibrio inter offerta e demanda pote venir de duo motivos fundamental. === Insufficientia del demanda === Durante le [[Grande Depression]] occurrite principalmente in le Statos Unite, a fin del annos 1920, le collapso del mercatos bursatil e le collapso del systema financiari reduceva drasticamente le capacitate de dispensa del familias e del interprisas. Al clauder (o reducer lor dimension) le interprisas (debite al collapsos bursatil e financiari), le disoccupation augmentava de forma drastic e le consumo se affundava. Iste affundamento del consumo se tradeceva in un menor production, lo que conduceva a salarios plus basse o a plus de licentiamentos, lo que conduce a nove diminutiones de precios. Inter augusto 1929 e martio 1933, le [[Indice de precios al consumator|IPC]] se reduceva de 24%, entrante assi in un spiral deflationari. Post le election de [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]], se initiava un serie de mesuras economic ([[New Deal|new deal]]) que incentivava le demanda e stimulava le [[consumo]], liberante le Statos Unite del deflation. === Excesso del offerta === Le melior exemplo es le [[Grande Recession]] que se initiava in 2008. In le ultime annos del forte cyclo expansive del ultime decennio del {{seculo|XX||s}}, le interprisas interprendeva numerose projectos de investimento, seducite per le opportunitates del "nove economia". Le non-cristallisation de iste expectationes lassava le sector productive (super toto in le SUA) con un forte excesso de capacitate que non esseva purgate ni compensate per le demanda. In le Statos Unite, le uso del capacitate productive esseva (in april 2003) de 74%, septe punctos sub le media de 1972-2002. Le impacto de iste disequilibrio super le precios pote vider se accentuate per cambios structural in le economia mundial que implica un incremento del productivitate o del competentia inter le interprisas, como occurre in le ultime annos con le progressive disparition del barrieras al commercio mundial e le liberalisation de sectores basic (telephonia, transporto, energia) in multe paises. == Casos de deflation == In le prime annos del historia economic del Statos Unite, le cyclos de inflation e deflation se correlacionava con le fluxos de capital inter regiones, prestante se moneta desde le centro financiari del nord-est al regiones productores de materias prime del (medio)-west e del sud. De maniera [[procyclic]], le precios del materias prime ascendeva quando entrava capital, es dicer, quando le bancos esseva disposte a prestar, e descendeva in le annos de depression de 1818 e 1839 quando le bancos revocava le prestitos.<ref name="North1966"> {{cite book |title = El crecimiento económico de Estados Unidos 1790-1860 |last = North |first = Douglas C. |year = 1966 |publisher = W. W. Norton & Company |location = Nueva York, Londres |isbn = 978-0-393-00346-8 |url = https://archive.org/details/economicgrowthof00doug }} </ref> In plus, in aquella epocha il non habeva papel-moneta national e le monetas metallic escasseava. Le major parte del moneta circulava in forma de bilyetes de banco, que normalmente se vendeva con disconto in function del distantia al banco emissor e del solides financiari percipite del banco. Quando le bancos bankruptcyava, lor bilyetes se excambiava pro reservas bancari, lo que frequentemente non se tradeceva in un pagamento al [[valor nominal]], e a vices le bilyetes perdeva tote lor valor. Durante le Grande Depression, le personas qui debeva moneta a un banco de qual le depositos habeva essite congelate a vices emeva libretas de sparnio (depositos de altere personas in le banco) con disconto e las utilisava pro saldar lor debita al valor nominal.<ref>Benjamin Roth, ed., James Ledbetter y Daniel B. Roth, ''The Bank of the United States'' (La Gran Depresión, 1951). James Ledbetter y Daniel B. Roth, ''La Gran Depresión: Un diario''. Perseus Books, 2009, p. 36. "En lugares como Youngstown también surgió un mercado de compra de 'libretas de ahorro' bancarias. Si en 1931 estabas lo bastante desesperado por conseguir dinero para comprar artículos de primera necesidad, podías conseguir entre 60 y 70 centavos por dólar por el valor de tus cartillas. Los periódicos locales incluso publicaban las tarifas semanales de compra y venta de estas cartillas, ya que se habían convertido en una mercancía; Roth pegó una de esas tablas de tarifas en su diario"</ref> Le deflation se produceva periodicamente in le Statos Unite durante le {{seculo|XIX||s}} (le exception le plus importante esseva durante le Guerra Civil). Iste deflation esseva causate a vices per le progresso technologic que creava un [[crescentia economic]] significative, sed in altere occasiones illo esseva desencadenate per [[Crise financiari#seculo XIX|crises crises]] - notabilmente le [[Panico de 1837]] que causava deflation usque a 1844, e le [[Panico de 1873]] que desencadenava le [[Longe Depression]] que durava usque a 1879. <ref name="North1966"/> Iste periodos deflationari precedeva le creation del [[Systema del Reserva Federal]] statounitese e su gestion active del affares monetari. Le episodios de deflation ha essite rar e breve desde le creation del Reserva Federal (un exception notabile esseva le [[Grande Depression]]), dum que le progresso economic del Statos Unite non ha habite precedentes. Le deflation ha essite un phenomeno multo pauc frequente in le {{seculo|XX||s}}, ubi solmente se ha registrate duo casos relevante. Le prime, ja citate, esseva le [[Grande Depression]] nord-american. Le presidente [[FDR|Roosevelt]], quando ille attingeva le presidentia in 1932, realisava un [[New Deal|forte augmento]] del [[offerta monetari|quantitate de moneta]] que jocava un rolo importante in le [[Historia del Statos Unite (1945-64)|recuperation economic statounitese]].<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Un crise financiari in Anglaterra in 1818 faceva que le bancos revocava le prestitos e restringeva le nove prestitos, drenante le moneta del SUA. {{citation needed|date=February 2021}}. Le Banco del Statos Unite tamben reduceva su prestitos. Le precios del coton e del tabaco cadeva. Le precio del productos agricole tamben se videva pressionate per le retorno del recoltas normal post 1816, le ''[[anno sin estate]]'', que provocava fame a grande scala e elevate precios agricole.<ref>{{Harvnb|Taylor|1951|pp=336}}</ref> Il habeva varie causas del deflation del grave depression de 1839-1843, que includeva un excesso de offerta de productos agricole (super toto coton), ja que le nove terras de cultivo entrava in production post le grande ventas de terras federal un pauc de annos ante, le bancos exigeva le pagamento in auro o argento, le bankruptia de varie bancos, le non-pagamento de varie statos de lor obligationes e le bancos britannic reduceva le fluxo de species al SUA.<ref name="North1966"/><ref>{{cite web | last1 = Wallis | first1 = Hohn Joseph | last2 = Oficina Nacional de Investigación Económica | title = La Depresión de 1839 a 1843 | url = http://www.startabank.com/history/200809_TheDepression/depression1839.pdf }}</ref> Iste cyclo se ha delineate a grande scala durante le [[Grande Depression]]. In parte debite al excesso de capacitate e al saturation del mercato, e in parte como resultato del [[Lege tariffari Smoot-Hawley]], le commercio international se contraheva drasticamente, lo que reduceva drasticamente le demanda de benes, eliminante assi un grande quantitate de capacitate e desencadenante un serie de bankruptias bancari. Un situation simile in Japon, que comenciava con le collapso del mercato bursatil e immobiliari al initio del decennio de 1990, esseva frenate per le governamento japonese, que impediva le collapso del majoritate del bancos e assumeva le controlo directe de varie de illos in le pejor conditiones. Altere casos de deflation es le de [[Japon]] e [[Svedia]] (-20% in precios). In Japon desde le medie del annos 1990 usque al actualitate (-25% de cadita del precios), e in Svedia illo obligava le [[Banco de Svedia]] a operar con [[taxas de interesse]] de deposito negative (-0,25%). Le [[Grande Recession]] provocava le [[Crise del Euro]] in [[Union Europea|Europa]], lo que ha implicate periodos de recession in alicun paises [[Recession in Espania|como Espania]] e un forte [[Depression grec|deflation in Grecia]]. Le exemplo historic le plus profunde de deflation esseva registrate per le economia japonese durante le stagnation economic que Japon viveva desde le fin de 1991 como consequentia del explosion del bulla financiari e immobiliari gestate desde le medie del decennio de 1980 inter 1991 e 2001, retornante a experimentar deflation mesmo in le decennio de 2011 a 2021. Durante 30 annos, le deflation se presentava in 23 del 30 annos analysate.<ref>{{Cita noticia|apellidos=Tabuchi|nombre=Hiroko|título=When Consumers Cut Back: An Object Lesson From Japan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/22/business/worldbusiness/22japan.html?fta=y|fecha=22 de febrero de 2009|fechaacceso=15 de septiembre de 2021|periódico=New York Times}}</ref>Argentina experimentava deflation durante le governamento de [[Carlos Menem|Carlos Saúl Menem]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_vQJXkcM9A|título=Reporte de Telefe de Noviembre, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/1999/99-04/99-04-07/pag17.htm|título=Deflación en el final del gobierno de Carlos Menem}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.fcen.uba.ar/prensa/micro/1992/ms89.htm|título=Archivo histórico sobre la deflación en la Argentina durante el gobierno de Menem, 1992}}</ref> e [[Fernando de la Rúa]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-01/00-01-05/pag04.htm|título=Deflación durante el gobierno de De La Rúa (Nota de 1999)}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-59494504|título=Nota de la BBC que menciona la deflación del año 2001 durante el gobierno de De La Rúa}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf|título=Reportaje que menciona la deflación en el gobierno de De La Rúa|fechaacceso=20 de agosto de 2022|fechaarchivo=10 de mayo de 2022|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510184243/https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.mariorapoport.com.ar/uploadsarchivos/la_inflacio__n_en_pdf.pdf|título=Una revisión histórica de la inflación argentina y de sus causas Mario Rapoport}}</ref>, alique que non occurreva in iste pais desde le decennios de 1920 e 1930<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.clarin.com/economia/inflacion-deflacion_0_SJoMjA3xCYl.html#|título=Nota de Clarín sobre la deflación en las décadas de 1920 y 1930}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3794/379463801010/html/|título=Deflación en las décadas 1920 y 1930}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/65788/CONICET_Digital_Nro.9e98e9b3-490b-4437-a2c4-6b81aefa9070_A.pdf|título="Circulando en el laberinto: la economía argentina entre la depresión y la guerra 1929-1939"}}</ref> In menor mesura, [[Venezuela]] tamben esseva un altere del paises que entrava in deflation, durante le governamento de [[Marcos Pérez Jiménez]]. In 1953 e 1955 se registrava un deflation de 1,7% e 1,1% respectivemente. Isto esseva le producto del excesso de offerta in le economia venezuelan, sed le effectos negativos esseva corrigite in su majoritate per le exportationes.<ref name="Economía1952-57">{{cita web|url=http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx|autor=Francisco Pérez Alviárez|título=Así se movió la economía en el Gobierno de Pérez Jiménez (+gráficos)|fecha=23 de enero de 2013|página=|fechaacceso=15 de julio de 2014|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062206/http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx|fechaarchivo=3 de septiembre de 2014}}</ref> == Vide tamben == {{Lista de columnas|2| * [[Inflation]] * [[Stagflation]] * [[Disinflation]] * [[Indice de precios al consumator]] * [[Recession]] * [[Crise economic]] * [[Crise financiari]] * [[Grande Depression]] * [[Grande Recession]] * [[Impacto socioeconomic del pandemia de COVID-19#Causas e impactos economic|Impacto socioeconomic del pandemia de COVID-19]] }} == Referentias == {{listaref|2}} == Bibliographia == *{{cite journal|last1=Costas|first1=Antón|last2=Arias|first2=Xosé Carlos|title=Economía europea: ¿hacia el estancamiento secular?|journal=Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social ISSN: 2172 - 7856|date=2015|pages=38|url=http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=9 de decembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141438/http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=20 de decembre 2016}} * [[Fondo Monetari International]], [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/def/2003/eng/043003.pdf Deflation: Determinants, Risks, and Policy Options - Findings of an Independent Task Force], Washington D.C., 30 de april 2003 * Fondo Monetari International, [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/esl/index.htm Perspectivas de la economía mundial: Globalización e inflación], Washington D.C., april 2006. * {{cite book|last1=Moulier Boutang|first1=Yann|title=La abeja y el economista|date=2010|publisher=Traficantes de sueños|isbn=978-84-96453-69-2|page=66|url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/F8941.pdf|access-date=9 de decembre 2016}} {{Control de autoritates}} [[Categoria:Terminologia economic]] [[Categoria:Inflation]] [[Categoria:Conceptos basic de financas]] [[Categoria:Macroeconomia e economia monetari]] sbmiz0kxq53aykru3d5lmxwq9q1kthr 697024 697023 2026-06-06T20:09:23Z ~2026-33584-16 60143 /* Referentias */ 697024 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Déflation au Japon.png|thumb|Inflation de [[Japon]] desde le annos 1990 usque a 2013. Sub le zero se observa le [[Economia de Japon#Annos recente|epochas deflationari]].]] Le '''deflation''' o '''inflation negative''', in [[economia]], es le diminution generalisate e sustenite del [[precio|precios]] de [[Ben economic|benes]] e [[Servicio (economia)|servicios]]. Le [[Fondo Monetari International]] (FMI) considera que existe deflation quando iste cadita se prolonga al minus durante duo semestres consecutive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/spa/2002/12/pdf/basics.pdf|title=Deflation: periculo imminente|website=Fondo Monetari International|date=12 de decembre 2002|access-date=28 de septembre 2025}}</ref> Generalmente, le deflation es associate a un debilitate in le [[demanda aggregate]] e a un excesso de [[capacitate installate]] in le [[offerta]].<ref name="Moulier">{{cite book|last=Moulier Boutang|first=Yann|title=La abeja y el economista|publisher=Traficantes de sueños|year=2010|isbn=978-84-96453-69-2|page=66|url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/F8941.pdf|access-date=9 de decembre 2016}}</ref> == Effectos del deflation == === Periculos del deflation === Le disavantages del deflation es basicamente le reduction del activitate economic, le augmento del [[disoccupation]], le augmento de incertitude economic, le augmento del [[taxa de interesse nominal|taxas de interesse real]] per le cadita de precios, e le cadita del demanda.<ref name="Hussman2010">{{cite web | last1 = Krugman , Ph.D. | first1 =Paul , R. | author-link1 = | title = Why Is Deflation Bad? | year = 2010 | url = http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/02/why-is-deflation-bad/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=1 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref><ref name=peligro_deflación>[http://economistasfrentealacrisis.com/el-peligro-de-la-deflacion/ Le periculo del deflation], Julio Rodríguez López, Economistas Frente a la Crisis, 23 de april 2014</ref> Le periculositate de iste situation proveni de lo difficile que es exir de illo, ja que se crea un [[circulo viciose]] per le qual, al cader le demanda, le interprisas vide reducite lor margines de ganio al trovar se in le necessitate de reducer le precios pro obtener ventas; como consequentia de illo, illos debe reducer costes, lo que implica un reduction in le numero de empleos. A su vice, si il ha gente qui resta [[disoccupation|sin travalio]], le demanda continuara a diminuer, ja que istes tamben cessara de comprar.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Le deflation suppone le descenso de precios que incide in le diminution del [[Demanda aggregate|dispensa aggregate]], le qual affecta negativemente le activitate e le empleo. Iste "balla" quasi imparabile provoca un [[crise economic]] con effectos negativos super le ricchezza, su [[distribution del ricchezza|distribution]] e le [[disequalitate social]], ja que illo beneficia le creditores in prejudicio del debitores. Como le precios cade, se produce un augmento del [[taxa de interesse]] real (mesmo quando le interesse nominal mantene o mesmo abassa su valor), producente un cadita del demanda e del activitate economic general.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> === Avantages del deflation === Malgrado le periculos del deflation, alicun economistas del [[schola austriac]] defende le deflation como alique positive,<ref name="#1">{{cite web|last1=PHILIPP|title=BAGUS|url=https://mises.org/library/deflation-when-austrians-become-interventionists|website=DEFLATION: WHEN AUSTRIANS BECOME INTERVENTIONISTS|language=anglese}}</ref> argumentante que al abassar le precios, le [[potere acquisitive|potere de compra]] del individuo augmentarea; nonobstante, illes tamben assume que iste deflation ha problemas in le economia a curte termino.<ref name="#1"/> == Mesuras contra le deflation == Le instrumento pro luctar contra le deflation es le [[politica monetari]] e le controlo del [[offerta de moneta]]. Se considera que le election de Roosevelt al presidentia del Statos Unite in 1932 e le forte augmento que le nove governamento provocava in le quantitate de moneta ha jocate un rolo importante in le recuperation.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Le politicas que le Administration pote applicar pro ager contra le deflation essera orientate a potentiar le demanda pro colmar le discrepantia con le offerta. Le consenso inter le economistas super le melior option se limita al emphase in ager ''a priori'' (prevenir le deflation) plus que ''a posteriori'' (combatter le deflation). Ben que se considera necessari stimular le demanda, tamben es importante compatibilisar dicte demanda (normalmente augmentante le [[offerta de moneta]] e recurrente a vices al [[expansion quantitative]]) con un controlo del nivellos de debita private e public.<ref name="estancamiento_europa">{{cite journal|url=http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Economía europea: ¿hacia el estancamiento secular?|first1=Antón|last2=Arias|first2=Xosé Carlos|date=2015|journal=Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social ISSN: 2172 - 7856|pages=38|access-date=9 de decembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141438/http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=20 de decembre 2016|last1=Costas}}</ref> A partir de ibi, le opiniones se agrupa circa duo propostas. Le prime, [[monetarismo|monetarista]], suggere abassar le taxas de interesse e apportar fondos al entitates financiari pro fover le credito a familias e interprisas. Le secunde, de character [[keynesianismo|keynesian]], propone incrementar le dispensa public pro dinamisar le economia. Normalmente, le option le plus adequate dependera de cata situation e consistera in un combination de ambe propostas. == Deflation e disinflation == Es necessario distinguer deflation de [[disinflation]]. Le disinflation se defini como un disacceleration del precios, es dicer, illos continua a crescer sed a un rithmo menor, dum que le deflation implicarea taxas de variation negative del IPC. == Causas del deflation == Le deflation se produce quando le [[offerta]] de [[benes e servicios]] in un economia es superior al [[Demanda (economia)|demanda]]: le sector empresarial se vide obligate a reducer le precios pro poter vender le production e non vider se obligate a accumular depositos. Iste disequilibrio inter offerta e demanda pote venir de duo motivos fundamental. === Insufficientia del demanda === Durante le [[Grande Depression]] occurrite principalmente in le Statos Unite, a fin del annos 1920, le collapso del mercatos bursatil e le collapso del systema financiari reduceva drasticamente le capacitate de dispensa del familias e del interprisas. Al clauder (o reducer lor dimension) le interprisas (debite al collapsos bursatil e financiari), le disoccupation augmentava de forma drastic e le consumo se affundava. Iste affundamento del consumo se tradeceva in un menor production, lo que conduceva a salarios plus basse o a plus de licentiamentos, lo que conduce a nove diminutiones de precios. Inter augusto 1929 e martio 1933, le [[Indice de precios al consumator|IPC]] se reduceva de 24%, entrante assi in un spiral deflationari. Post le election de [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]], se initiava un serie de mesuras economic ([[New Deal|new deal]]) que incentivava le demanda e stimulava le [[consumo]], liberante le Statos Unite del deflation. === Excesso del offerta === Le melior exemplo es le [[Grande Recession]] que se initiava in 2008. In le ultime annos del forte cyclo expansive del ultime decennio del {{seculo|XX||s}}, le interprisas interprendeva numerose projectos de investimento, seducite per le opportunitates del "nove economia". Le non-cristallisation de iste expectationes lassava le sector productive (super toto in le SUA) con un forte excesso de capacitate que non esseva purgate ni compensate per le demanda. In le Statos Unite, le uso del capacitate productive esseva (in april 2003) de 74%, septe punctos sub le media de 1972-2002. Le impacto de iste disequilibrio super le precios pote vider se accentuate per cambios structural in le economia mundial que implica un incremento del productivitate o del competentia inter le interprisas, como occurre in le ultime annos con le progressive disparition del barrieras al commercio mundial e le liberalisation de sectores basic (telephonia, transporto, energia) in multe paises. == Casos de deflation == In le prime annos del historia economic del Statos Unite, le cyclos de inflation e deflation se correlacionava con le fluxos de capital inter regiones, prestante se moneta desde le centro financiari del nord-est al regiones productores de materias prime del (medio)-west e del sud. De maniera [[procyclic]], le precios del materias prime ascendeva quando entrava capital, es dicer, quando le bancos esseva disposte a prestar, e descendeva in le annos de depression de 1818 e 1839 quando le bancos revocava le prestitos.<ref name="North1966"> {{cite book |title = El crecimiento económico de Estados Unidos 1790-1860 |last = North |first = Douglas C. |year = 1966 |publisher = W. W. Norton & Company |location = Nueva York, Londres |isbn = 978-0-393-00346-8 |url = https://archive.org/details/economicgrowthof00doug }} </ref> In plus, in aquella epocha il non habeva papel-moneta national e le monetas metallic escasseava. Le major parte del moneta circulava in forma de bilyetes de banco, que normalmente se vendeva con disconto in function del distantia al banco emissor e del solides financiari percipite del banco. Quando le bancos bankruptcyava, lor bilyetes se excambiava pro reservas bancari, lo que frequentemente non se tradeceva in un pagamento al [[valor nominal]], e a vices le bilyetes perdeva tote lor valor. Durante le Grande Depression, le personas qui debeva moneta a un banco de qual le depositos habeva essite congelate a vices emeva libretas de sparnio (depositos de altere personas in le banco) con disconto e las utilisava pro saldar lor debita al valor nominal.<ref>Benjamin Roth, ed., James Ledbetter y Daniel B. Roth, ''The Bank of the United States'' (La Gran Depresión, 1951). James Ledbetter y Daniel B. Roth, ''La Gran Depresión: Un diario''. Perseus Books, 2009, p. 36. "En lugares como Youngstown también surgió un mercado de compra de 'libretas de ahorro' bancarias. Si en 1931 estabas lo bastante desesperado por conseguir dinero para comprar artículos de primera necesidad, podías conseguir entre 60 y 70 centavos por dólar por el valor de tus cartillas. Los periódicos locales incluso publicaban las tarifas semanales de compra y venta de estas cartillas, ya que se habían convertido en una mercancía; Roth pegó una de esas tablas de tarifas en su diario"</ref> Le deflation se produceva periodicamente in le Statos Unite durante le {{seculo|XIX||s}} (le exception le plus importante esseva durante le Guerra Civil). Iste deflation esseva causate a vices per le progresso technologic que creava un [[crescentia economic]] significative, sed in altere occasiones illo esseva desencadenate per [[Crise financiari#seculo XIX|crises crises]] - notabilmente le [[Panico de 1837]] que causava deflation usque a 1844, e le [[Panico de 1873]] que desencadenava le [[Longe Depression]] que durava usque a 1879. <ref name="North1966"/> Iste periodos deflationari precedeva le creation del [[Systema del Reserva Federal]] statounitese e su gestion active del affares monetari. Le episodios de deflation ha essite rar e breve desde le creation del Reserva Federal (un exception notabile esseva le [[Grande Depression]]), dum que le progresso economic del Statos Unite non ha habite precedentes. Le deflation ha essite un phenomeno multo pauc frequente in le {{seculo|XX||s}}, ubi solmente se ha registrate duo casos relevante. Le prime, ja citate, esseva le [[Grande Depression]] nord-american. Le presidente [[FDR|Roosevelt]], quando ille attingeva le presidentia in 1932, realisava un [[New Deal|forte augmento]] del [[offerta monetari|quantitate de moneta]] que jocava un rolo importante in le [[Historia del Statos Unite (1945-64)|recuperation economic statounitese]].<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Un crise financiari in Anglaterra in 1818 faceva que le bancos revocava le prestitos e restringeva le nove prestitos, drenante le moneta del SUA. {{citation needed|date=February 2021}}. Le Banco del Statos Unite tamben reduceva su prestitos. Le precios del coton e del tabaco cadeva. Le precio del productos agricole tamben se videva pressionate per le retorno del recoltas normal post 1816, le ''[[anno sin estate]]'', que provocava fame a grande scala e elevate precios agricole.<ref>{{Harvnb|Taylor|1951|pp=336}}</ref> Il habeva varie causas del deflation del grave depression de 1839-1843, que includeva un excesso de offerta de productos agricole (super toto coton), ja que le nove terras de cultivo entrava in production post le grande ventas de terras federal un pauc de annos ante, le bancos exigeva le pagamento in auro o argento, le bankruptia de varie bancos, le non-pagamento de varie statos de lor obligationes e le bancos britannic reduceva le fluxo de species al SUA.<ref name="North1966"/><ref>{{cite web | last1 = Wallis | first1 = Hohn Joseph | last2 = Oficina Nacional de Investigación Económica | title = La Depresión de 1839 a 1843 | url = http://www.startabank.com/history/200809_TheDepression/depression1839.pdf }}</ref> Iste cyclo se ha delineate a grande scala durante le [[Grande Depression]]. In parte debite al excesso de capacitate e al saturation del mercato, e in parte como resultato del [[Lege tariffari Smoot-Hawley]], le commercio international se contraheva drasticamente, lo que reduceva drasticamente le demanda de benes, eliminante assi un grande quantitate de capacitate e desencadenante un serie de bankruptias bancari. Un situation simile in Japon, que comenciava con le collapso del mercato bursatil e immobiliari al initio del decennio de 1990, esseva frenate per le governamento japonese, que impediva le collapso del majoritate del bancos e assumeva le controlo directe de varie de illos in le pejor conditiones. Altere casos de deflation es le de [[Japon]] e [[Svedia]] (-20% in precios). In Japon desde le medie del annos 1990 usque al actualitate (-25% de cadita del precios), e in Svedia illo obligava le [[Banco de Svedia]] a operar con [[taxas de interesse]] de deposito negative (-0,25%). Le [[Grande Recession]] provocava le [[Crise del Euro]] in [[Union Europea|Europa]], lo que ha implicate periodos de recession in alicun paises [[Recession in Espania|como Espania]] e un forte [[Depression grec|deflation in Grecia]]. Le exemplo historic le plus profunde de deflation esseva registrate per le economia japonese durante le stagnation economic que Japon viveva desde le fin de 1991 como consequentia del explosion del bulla financiari e immobiliari gestate desde le medie del decennio de 1980 inter 1991 e 2001, retornante a experimentar deflation mesmo in le decennio de 2011 a 2021. Durante 30 annos, le deflation se presentava in 23 del 30 annos analysate.<ref>{{Cita noticia|apellidos=Tabuchi|nombre=Hiroko|título=When Consumers Cut Back: An Object Lesson From Japan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/22/business/worldbusiness/22japan.html?fta=y|fecha=22 de febrero de 2009|fechaacceso=15 de septiembre de 2021|periódico=New York Times}}</ref>Argentina experimentava deflation durante le governamento de [[Carlos Menem|Carlos Saúl Menem]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_vQJXkcM9A|título=Reporte de Telefe de Noviembre, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/1999/99-04/99-04-07/pag17.htm|título=Deflación en el final del gobierno de Carlos Menem}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.fcen.uba.ar/prensa/micro/1992/ms89.htm|título=Archivo histórico sobre la deflación en la Argentina durante el gobierno de Menem, 1992}}</ref> e [[Fernando de la Rúa]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-01/00-01-05/pag04.htm|título=Deflación durante el gobierno de De La Rúa (Nota de 1999)}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-59494504|título=Nota de la BBC que menciona la deflación del año 2001 durante el gobierno de De La Rúa}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf|título=Reportaje que menciona la deflación en el gobierno de De La Rúa|fechaacceso=20 de agosto de 2022|fechaarchivo=10 de mayo de 2022|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510184243/https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.mariorapoport.com.ar/uploadsarchivos/la_inflacio__n_en_pdf.pdf|título=Una revisión histórica de la inflación argentina y de sus causas Mario Rapoport}}</ref>, alique que non occurreva in iste pais desde le decennios de 1920 e 1930<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.clarin.com/economia/inflacion-deflacion_0_SJoMjA3xCYl.html#|título=Nota de Clarín sobre la deflación en las décadas de 1920 y 1930}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3794/379463801010/html/|título=Deflación en las décadas 1920 y 1930}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/65788/CONICET_Digital_Nro.9e98e9b3-490b-4437-a2c4-6b81aefa9070_A.pdf|título="Circulando en el laberinto: la economía argentina entre la depresión y la guerra 1929-1939"}}</ref> In menor mesura, [[Venezuela]] tamben esseva un altere del paises que entrava in deflation, durante le governamento de [[Marcos Pérez Jiménez]]. In 1953 e 1955 se registrava un deflation de 1,7% e 1,1% respectivemente. Isto esseva le producto del excesso de offerta in le economia venezuelan, sed le effectos negativos esseva corrigite in su majoritate per le exportationes.<ref name="Economía1952-57">{{cita web|url=http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx|autor=Francisco Pérez Alviárez|título=Así se movió la economía en el Gobierno de Pérez Jiménez (+gráficos)|fecha=23 de enero de 2013|página=|fechaacceso=15 de julio de 2014|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062206/http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx|fechaarchivo=3 de septiembre de 2014}}</ref> == Vide tamben == {{Lista de columnas|2| * [[Inflation]] * [[Stagflation]] * [[Disinflation]] * [[Indice de precios al consumator]] * [[Recession]] * [[Crise economic]] * [[Crise financiari]] * [[Grande Depression]] * [[Grande Recession]] * [[Impacto socioeconomic del pandemia de COVID-19#Causas e impactos economic|Impacto socioeconomic del pandemia de COVID-19]] }} {{Referentias}} == Bibliographia == *{{cite journal|last1=Costas|first1=Antón|last2=Arias|first2=Xosé Carlos|title=Economía europea: ¿hacia el estancamiento secular?|journal=Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social ISSN: 2172 - 7856|date=2015|pages=38|url=http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=9 de decembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141438/http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=20 de decembre 2016}} * [[Fondo Monetari International]], [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/def/2003/eng/043003.pdf Deflation: Determinants, Risks, and Policy Options - Findings of an Independent Task Force], Washington D.C., 30 de april 2003 * Fondo Monetari International, [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/esl/index.htm Perspectivas de la economía mundial: Globalización e inflación], Washington D.C., april 2006. * {{cite book|last1=Moulier Boutang|first1=Yann|title=La abeja y el economista|date=2010|publisher=Traficantes de sueños|isbn=978-84-96453-69-2|page=66|url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/F8941.pdf|access-date=9 de decembre 2016}} {{Control de autoritates}} [[Categoria:Terminologia economic]] [[Categoria:Inflation]] [[Categoria:Conceptos basic de financas]] [[Categoria:Macroeconomia e economia monetari]] nyi2al1cs1wu7kof24cnemrxoba3dud 697025 697024 2026-06-06T20:09:34Z ~2026-33584-16 60143 /* Bibliographia */ 697025 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Déflation au Japon.png|thumb|Inflation de [[Japon]] desde le annos 1990 usque a 2013. Sub le zero se observa le [[Economia de Japon#Annos recente|epochas deflationari]].]] Le '''deflation''' o '''inflation negative''', in [[economia]], es le diminution generalisate e sustenite del [[precio|precios]] de [[Ben economic|benes]] e [[Servicio (economia)|servicios]]. Le [[Fondo Monetari International]] (FMI) considera que existe deflation quando iste cadita se prolonga al minus durante duo semestres consecutive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/spa/2002/12/pdf/basics.pdf|title=Deflation: periculo imminente|website=Fondo Monetari International|date=12 de decembre 2002|access-date=28 de septembre 2025}}</ref> Generalmente, le deflation es associate a un debilitate in le [[demanda aggregate]] e a un excesso de [[capacitate installate]] in le [[offerta]].<ref name="Moulier">{{cite book|last=Moulier Boutang|first=Yann|title=La abeja y el economista|publisher=Traficantes de sueños|year=2010|isbn=978-84-96453-69-2|page=66|url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/F8941.pdf|access-date=9 de decembre 2016}}</ref> == Effectos del deflation == === Periculos del deflation === Le disavantages del deflation es basicamente le reduction del activitate economic, le augmento del [[disoccupation]], le augmento de incertitude economic, le augmento del [[taxa de interesse nominal|taxas de interesse real]] per le cadita de precios, e le cadita del demanda.<ref name="Hussman2010">{{cite web | last1 = Krugman , Ph.D. | first1 =Paul , R. | author-link1 = | title = Why Is Deflation Bad? | year = 2010 | url = http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/02/why-is-deflation-bad/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=1 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref><ref name=peligro_deflación>[http://economistasfrentealacrisis.com/el-peligro-de-la-deflacion/ Le periculo del deflation], Julio Rodríguez López, Economistas Frente a la Crisis, 23 de april 2014</ref> Le periculositate de iste situation proveni de lo difficile que es exir de illo, ja que se crea un [[circulo viciose]] per le qual, al cader le demanda, le interprisas vide reducite lor margines de ganio al trovar se in le necessitate de reducer le precios pro obtener ventas; como consequentia de illo, illos debe reducer costes, lo que implica un reduction in le numero de empleos. A su vice, si il ha gente qui resta [[disoccupation|sin travalio]], le demanda continuara a diminuer, ja que istes tamben cessara de comprar.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Le deflation suppone le descenso de precios que incide in le diminution del [[Demanda aggregate|dispensa aggregate]], le qual affecta negativemente le activitate e le empleo. Iste "balla" quasi imparabile provoca un [[crise economic]] con effectos negativos super le ricchezza, su [[distribution del ricchezza|distribution]] e le [[disequalitate social]], ja que illo beneficia le creditores in prejudicio del debitores. Como le precios cade, se produce un augmento del [[taxa de interesse]] real (mesmo quando le interesse nominal mantene o mesmo abassa su valor), producente un cadita del demanda e del activitate economic general.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> === Avantages del deflation === Malgrado le periculos del deflation, alicun economistas del [[schola austriac]] defende le deflation como alique positive,<ref name="#1">{{cite web|last1=PHILIPP|title=BAGUS|url=https://mises.org/library/deflation-when-austrians-become-interventionists|website=DEFLATION: WHEN AUSTRIANS BECOME INTERVENTIONISTS|language=anglese}}</ref> argumentante que al abassar le precios, le [[potere acquisitive|potere de compra]] del individuo augmentarea; nonobstante, illes tamben assume que iste deflation ha problemas in le economia a curte termino.<ref name="#1"/> == Mesuras contra le deflation == Le instrumento pro luctar contra le deflation es le [[politica monetari]] e le controlo del [[offerta de moneta]]. Se considera que le election de Roosevelt al presidentia del Statos Unite in 1932 e le forte augmento que le nove governamento provocava in le quantitate de moneta ha jocate un rolo importante in le recuperation.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Le politicas que le Administration pote applicar pro ager contra le deflation essera orientate a potentiar le demanda pro colmar le discrepantia con le offerta. Le consenso inter le economistas super le melior option se limita al emphase in ager ''a priori'' (prevenir le deflation) plus que ''a posteriori'' (combatter le deflation). Ben que se considera necessari stimular le demanda, tamben es importante compatibilisar dicte demanda (normalmente augmentante le [[offerta de moneta]] e recurrente a vices al [[expansion quantitative]]) con un controlo del nivellos de debita private e public.<ref name="estancamiento_europa">{{cite journal|url=http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Economía europea: ¿hacia el estancamiento secular?|first1=Antón|last2=Arias|first2=Xosé Carlos|date=2015|journal=Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social ISSN: 2172 - 7856|pages=38|access-date=9 de decembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141438/http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=20 de decembre 2016|last1=Costas}}</ref> A partir de ibi, le opiniones se agrupa circa duo propostas. Le prime, [[monetarismo|monetarista]], suggere abassar le taxas de interesse e apportar fondos al entitates financiari pro fover le credito a familias e interprisas. Le secunde, de character [[keynesianismo|keynesian]], propone incrementar le dispensa public pro dinamisar le economia. Normalmente, le option le plus adequate dependera de cata situation e consistera in un combination de ambe propostas. == Deflation e disinflation == Es necessario distinguer deflation de [[disinflation]]. Le disinflation se defini como un disacceleration del precios, es dicer, illos continua a crescer sed a un rithmo menor, dum que le deflation implicarea taxas de variation negative del IPC. == Causas del deflation == Le deflation se produce quando le [[offerta]] de [[benes e servicios]] in un economia es superior al [[Demanda (economia)|demanda]]: le sector empresarial se vide obligate a reducer le precios pro poter vender le production e non vider se obligate a accumular depositos. Iste disequilibrio inter offerta e demanda pote venir de duo motivos fundamental. === Insufficientia del demanda === Durante le [[Grande Depression]] occurrite principalmente in le Statos Unite, a fin del annos 1920, le collapso del mercatos bursatil e le collapso del systema financiari reduceva drasticamente le capacitate de dispensa del familias e del interprisas. Al clauder (o reducer lor dimension) le interprisas (debite al collapsos bursatil e financiari), le disoccupation augmentava de forma drastic e le consumo se affundava. Iste affundamento del consumo se tradeceva in un menor production, lo que conduceva a salarios plus basse o a plus de licentiamentos, lo que conduce a nove diminutiones de precios. Inter augusto 1929 e martio 1933, le [[Indice de precios al consumator|IPC]] se reduceva de 24%, entrante assi in un spiral deflationari. Post le election de [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]], se initiava un serie de mesuras economic ([[New Deal|new deal]]) que incentivava le demanda e stimulava le [[consumo]], liberante le Statos Unite del deflation. === Excesso del offerta === Le melior exemplo es le [[Grande Recession]] que se initiava in 2008. In le ultime annos del forte cyclo expansive del ultime decennio del {{seculo|XX||s}}, le interprisas interprendeva numerose projectos de investimento, seducite per le opportunitates del "nove economia". Le non-cristallisation de iste expectationes lassava le sector productive (super toto in le SUA) con un forte excesso de capacitate que non esseva purgate ni compensate per le demanda. In le Statos Unite, le uso del capacitate productive esseva (in april 2003) de 74%, septe punctos sub le media de 1972-2002. Le impacto de iste disequilibrio super le precios pote vider se accentuate per cambios structural in le economia mundial que implica un incremento del productivitate o del competentia inter le interprisas, como occurre in le ultime annos con le progressive disparition del barrieras al commercio mundial e le liberalisation de sectores basic (telephonia, transporto, energia) in multe paises. == Casos de deflation == In le prime annos del historia economic del Statos Unite, le cyclos de inflation e deflation se correlacionava con le fluxos de capital inter regiones, prestante se moneta desde le centro financiari del nord-est al regiones productores de materias prime del (medio)-west e del sud. De maniera [[procyclic]], le precios del materias prime ascendeva quando entrava capital, es dicer, quando le bancos esseva disposte a prestar, e descendeva in le annos de depression de 1818 e 1839 quando le bancos revocava le prestitos.<ref name="North1966"> {{cite book |title = El crecimiento económico de Estados Unidos 1790-1860 |last = North |first = Douglas C. |year = 1966 |publisher = W. W. Norton & Company |location = Nueva York, Londres |isbn = 978-0-393-00346-8 |url = https://archive.org/details/economicgrowthof00doug }} </ref> In plus, in aquella epocha il non habeva papel-moneta national e le monetas metallic escasseava. Le major parte del moneta circulava in forma de bilyetes de banco, que normalmente se vendeva con disconto in function del distantia al banco emissor e del solides financiari percipite del banco. Quando le bancos bankruptcyava, lor bilyetes se excambiava pro reservas bancari, lo que frequentemente non se tradeceva in un pagamento al [[valor nominal]], e a vices le bilyetes perdeva tote lor valor. Durante le Grande Depression, le personas qui debeva moneta a un banco de qual le depositos habeva essite congelate a vices emeva libretas de sparnio (depositos de altere personas in le banco) con disconto e las utilisava pro saldar lor debita al valor nominal.<ref>Benjamin Roth, ed., James Ledbetter y Daniel B. Roth, ''The Bank of the United States'' (La Gran Depresión, 1951). James Ledbetter y Daniel B. Roth, ''La Gran Depresión: Un diario''. Perseus Books, 2009, p. 36. "En lugares como Youngstown también surgió un mercado de compra de 'libretas de ahorro' bancarias. Si en 1931 estabas lo bastante desesperado por conseguir dinero para comprar artículos de primera necesidad, podías conseguir entre 60 y 70 centavos por dólar por el valor de tus cartillas. Los periódicos locales incluso publicaban las tarifas semanales de compra y venta de estas cartillas, ya que se habían convertido en una mercancía; Roth pegó una de esas tablas de tarifas en su diario"</ref> Le deflation se produceva periodicamente in le Statos Unite durante le {{seculo|XIX||s}} (le exception le plus importante esseva durante le Guerra Civil). Iste deflation esseva causate a vices per le progresso technologic que creava un [[crescentia economic]] significative, sed in altere occasiones illo esseva desencadenate per [[Crise financiari#seculo XIX|crises crises]] - notabilmente le [[Panico de 1837]] que causava deflation usque a 1844, e le [[Panico de 1873]] que desencadenava le [[Longe Depression]] que durava usque a 1879. <ref name="North1966"/> Iste periodos deflationari precedeva le creation del [[Systema del Reserva Federal]] statounitese e su gestion active del affares monetari. Le episodios de deflation ha essite rar e breve desde le creation del Reserva Federal (un exception notabile esseva le [[Grande Depression]]), dum que le progresso economic del Statos Unite non ha habite precedentes. Le deflation ha essite un phenomeno multo pauc frequente in le {{seculo|XX||s}}, ubi solmente se ha registrate duo casos relevante. Le prime, ja citate, esseva le [[Grande Depression]] nord-american. Le presidente [[FDR|Roosevelt]], quando ille attingeva le presidentia in 1932, realisava un [[New Deal|forte augmento]] del [[offerta monetari|quantitate de moneta]] que jocava un rolo importante in le [[Historia del Statos Unite (1945-64)|recuperation economic statounitese]].<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Un crise financiari in Anglaterra in 1818 faceva que le bancos revocava le prestitos e restringeva le nove prestitos, drenante le moneta del SUA. {{citation needed|date=February 2021}}. Le Banco del Statos Unite tamben reduceva su prestitos. Le precios del coton e del tabaco cadeva. Le precio del productos agricole tamben se videva pressionate per le retorno del recoltas normal post 1816, le ''[[anno sin estate]]'', que provocava fame a grande scala e elevate precios agricole.<ref>{{Harvnb|Taylor|1951|pp=336}}</ref> Il habeva varie causas del deflation del grave depression de 1839-1843, que includeva un excesso de offerta de productos agricole (super toto coton), ja que le nove terras de cultivo entrava in production post le grande ventas de terras federal un pauc de annos ante, le bancos exigeva le pagamento in auro o argento, le bankruptia de varie bancos, le non-pagamento de varie statos de lor obligationes e le bancos britannic reduceva le fluxo de species al SUA.<ref name="North1966"/><ref>{{cite web | last1 = Wallis | first1 = Hohn Joseph | last2 = Oficina Nacional de Investigación Económica | title = La Depresión de 1839 a 1843 | url = http://www.startabank.com/history/200809_TheDepression/depression1839.pdf }}</ref> Iste cyclo se ha delineate a grande scala durante le [[Grande Depression]]. In parte debite al excesso de capacitate e al saturation del mercato, e in parte como resultato del [[Lege tariffari Smoot-Hawley]], le commercio international se contraheva drasticamente, lo que reduceva drasticamente le demanda de benes, eliminante assi un grande quantitate de capacitate e desencadenante un serie de bankruptias bancari. Un situation simile in Japon, que comenciava con le collapso del mercato bursatil e immobiliari al initio del decennio de 1990, esseva frenate per le governamento japonese, que impediva le collapso del majoritate del bancos e assumeva le controlo directe de varie de illos in le pejor conditiones. Altere casos de deflation es le de [[Japon]] e [[Svedia]] (-20% in precios). In Japon desde le medie del annos 1990 usque al actualitate (-25% de cadita del precios), e in Svedia illo obligava le [[Banco de Svedia]] a operar con [[taxas de interesse]] de deposito negative (-0,25%). Le [[Grande Recession]] provocava le [[Crise del Euro]] in [[Union Europea|Europa]], lo que ha implicate periodos de recession in alicun paises [[Recession in Espania|como Espania]] e un forte [[Depression grec|deflation in Grecia]]. Le exemplo historic le plus profunde de deflation esseva registrate per le economia japonese durante le stagnation economic que Japon viveva desde le fin de 1991 como consequentia del explosion del bulla financiari e immobiliari gestate desde le medie del decennio de 1980 inter 1991 e 2001, retornante a experimentar deflation mesmo in le decennio de 2011 a 2021. Durante 30 annos, le deflation se presentava in 23 del 30 annos analysate.<ref>{{Cita noticia|apellidos=Tabuchi|nombre=Hiroko|título=When Consumers Cut Back: An Object Lesson From Japan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/22/business/worldbusiness/22japan.html?fta=y|fecha=22 de febrero de 2009|fechaacceso=15 de septiembre de 2021|periódico=New York Times}}</ref>Argentina experimentava deflation durante le governamento de [[Carlos Menem|Carlos Saúl Menem]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_vQJXkcM9A|título=Reporte de Telefe de Noviembre, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/1999/99-04/99-04-07/pag17.htm|título=Deflación en el final del gobierno de Carlos Menem}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.fcen.uba.ar/prensa/micro/1992/ms89.htm|título=Archivo histórico sobre la deflación en la Argentina durante el gobierno de Menem, 1992}}</ref> e [[Fernando de la Rúa]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-01/00-01-05/pag04.htm|título=Deflación durante el gobierno de De La Rúa (Nota de 1999)}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-59494504|título=Nota de la BBC que menciona la deflación del año 2001 durante el gobierno de De La Rúa}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf|título=Reportaje que menciona la deflación en el gobierno de De La Rúa|fechaacceso=20 de agosto de 2022|fechaarchivo=10 de mayo de 2022|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510184243/https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.mariorapoport.com.ar/uploadsarchivos/la_inflacio__n_en_pdf.pdf|título=Una revisión histórica de la inflación argentina y de sus causas Mario Rapoport}}</ref>, alique que non occurreva in iste pais desde le decennios de 1920 e 1930<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.clarin.com/economia/inflacion-deflacion_0_SJoMjA3xCYl.html#|título=Nota de Clarín sobre la deflación en las décadas de 1920 y 1930}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3794/379463801010/html/|título=Deflación en las décadas 1920 y 1930}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/65788/CONICET_Digital_Nro.9e98e9b3-490b-4437-a2c4-6b81aefa9070_A.pdf|título="Circulando en el laberinto: la economía argentina entre la depresión y la guerra 1929-1939"}}</ref> In menor mesura, [[Venezuela]] tamben esseva un altere del paises que entrava in deflation, durante le governamento de [[Marcos Pérez Jiménez]]. In 1953 e 1955 se registrava un deflation de 1,7% e 1,1% respectivemente. Isto esseva le producto del excesso de offerta in le economia venezuelan, sed le effectos negativos esseva corrigite in su majoritate per le exportationes.<ref name="Economía1952-57">{{cita web|url=http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx|autor=Francisco Pérez Alviárez|título=Así se movió la economía en el Gobierno de Pérez Jiménez (+gráficos)|fecha=23 de enero de 2013|página=|fechaacceso=15 de julio de 2014|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062206/http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx|fechaarchivo=3 de septiembre de 2014}}</ref> == Vide tamben == {{Lista de columnas|2| * [[Inflation]] * [[Stagflation]] * [[Disinflation]] * [[Indice de precios al consumator]] * [[Recession]] * [[Crise economic]] * [[Crise financiari]] * [[Grande Depression]] * [[Grande Recession]] * [[Impacto socioeconomic del pandemia de COVID-19#Causas e impactos economic|Impacto socioeconomic del pandemia de COVID-19]] }} {{Referentias}} == Bibliographia == *{{cite journal|last1=Costas|first1=Antón|last2=Arias|first2=Xosé Carlos|title=Economía europea: ¿hacia el estancamiento secular?|journal=Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social ISSN: 2172 - 7856|date=2015|pages=38|url=http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=9 de decembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141438/http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=20 de decembre 2016}} * [[Fondo Monetari International]], [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/def/2003/eng/043003.pdf Deflation: Determinants, Risks, and Policy Options - Findings of an Independent Task Force], Washington D.C., 30 de april 2003 * Fondo Monetari International, [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/esl/index.htm Perspectivas de la economía mundial: Globalización e inflación], Washington D.C., april 2006. * {{cite book|last1=Moulier Boutang|first1=Yann|title=La abeja y el economista|date=2010|publisher=Traficantes de sueños|isbn=978-84-96453-69-2|page=66|url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/F8941.pdf|access-date=9 de decembre 2016}} [[Categoria:Terminologia economic]] [[Categoria:Inflation]] [[Categoria:Conceptos basic de financas]] [[Categoria:Macroeconomia e economia monetari]] f3ca1cotc0v8gjkzlsc3t1i4xi68r2g 697026 697025 2026-06-06T20:09:46Z ~2026-33584-16 60143 /* Vide tamben */ 697026 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Déflation au Japon.png|thumb|Inflation de [[Japon]] desde le annos 1990 usque a 2013. Sub le zero se observa le [[Economia de Japon#Annos recente|epochas deflationari]].]] Le '''deflation''' o '''inflation negative''', in [[economia]], es le diminution generalisate e sustenite del [[precio|precios]] de [[Ben economic|benes]] e [[Servicio (economia)|servicios]]. Le [[Fondo Monetari International]] (FMI) considera que existe deflation quando iste cadita se prolonga al minus durante duo semestres consecutive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/spa/2002/12/pdf/basics.pdf|title=Deflation: periculo imminente|website=Fondo Monetari International|date=12 de decembre 2002|access-date=28 de septembre 2025}}</ref> Generalmente, le deflation es associate a un debilitate in le [[demanda aggregate]] e a un excesso de [[capacitate installate]] in le [[offerta]].<ref name="Moulier">{{cite book|last=Moulier Boutang|first=Yann|title=La abeja y el economista|publisher=Traficantes de sueños|year=2010|isbn=978-84-96453-69-2|page=66|url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/F8941.pdf|access-date=9 de decembre 2016}}</ref> == Effectos del deflation == === Periculos del deflation === Le disavantages del deflation es basicamente le reduction del activitate economic, le augmento del [[disoccupation]], le augmento de incertitude economic, le augmento del [[taxa de interesse nominal|taxas de interesse real]] per le cadita de precios, e le cadita del demanda.<ref name="Hussman2010">{{cite web | last1 = Krugman , Ph.D. | first1 =Paul , R. | author-link1 = | title = Why Is Deflation Bad? | year = 2010 | url = http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/02/why-is-deflation-bad/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=1 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref><ref name=peligro_deflación>[http://economistasfrentealacrisis.com/el-peligro-de-la-deflacion/ Le periculo del deflation], Julio Rodríguez López, Economistas Frente a la Crisis, 23 de april 2014</ref> Le periculositate de iste situation proveni de lo difficile que es exir de illo, ja que se crea un [[circulo viciose]] per le qual, al cader le demanda, le interprisas vide reducite lor margines de ganio al trovar se in le necessitate de reducer le precios pro obtener ventas; como consequentia de illo, illos debe reducer costes, lo que implica un reduction in le numero de empleos. A su vice, si il ha gente qui resta [[disoccupation|sin travalio]], le demanda continuara a diminuer, ja que istes tamben cessara de comprar.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Le deflation suppone le descenso de precios que incide in le diminution del [[Demanda aggregate|dispensa aggregate]], le qual affecta negativemente le activitate e le empleo. Iste "balla" quasi imparabile provoca un [[crise economic]] con effectos negativos super le ricchezza, su [[distribution del ricchezza|distribution]] e le [[disequalitate social]], ja que illo beneficia le creditores in prejudicio del debitores. Como le precios cade, se produce un augmento del [[taxa de interesse]] real (mesmo quando le interesse nominal mantene o mesmo abassa su valor), producente un cadita del demanda e del activitate economic general.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> === Avantages del deflation === Malgrado le periculos del deflation, alicun economistas del [[schola austriac]] defende le deflation como alique positive,<ref name="#1">{{cite web|last1=PHILIPP|title=BAGUS|url=https://mises.org/library/deflation-when-austrians-become-interventionists|website=DEFLATION: WHEN AUSTRIANS BECOME INTERVENTIONISTS|language=anglese}}</ref> argumentante que al abassar le precios, le [[potere acquisitive|potere de compra]] del individuo augmentarea; nonobstante, illes tamben assume que iste deflation ha problemas in le economia a curte termino.<ref name="#1"/> == Mesuras contra le deflation == Le instrumento pro luctar contra le deflation es le [[politica monetari]] e le controlo del [[offerta de moneta]]. Se considera que le election de Roosevelt al presidentia del Statos Unite in 1932 e le forte augmento que le nove governamento provocava in le quantitate de moneta ha jocate un rolo importante in le recuperation.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Le politicas que le Administration pote applicar pro ager contra le deflation essera orientate a potentiar le demanda pro colmar le discrepantia con le offerta. Le consenso inter le economistas super le melior option se limita al emphase in ager ''a priori'' (prevenir le deflation) plus que ''a posteriori'' (combatter le deflation). Ben que se considera necessari stimular le demanda, tamben es importante compatibilisar dicte demanda (normalmente augmentante le [[offerta de moneta]] e recurrente a vices al [[expansion quantitative]]) con un controlo del nivellos de debita private e public.<ref name="estancamiento_europa">{{cite journal|url=http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Economía europea: ¿hacia el estancamiento secular?|first1=Antón|last2=Arias|first2=Xosé Carlos|date=2015|journal=Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social ISSN: 2172 - 7856|pages=38|access-date=9 de decembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141438/http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=20 de decembre 2016|last1=Costas}}</ref> A partir de ibi, le opiniones se agrupa circa duo propostas. Le prime, [[monetarismo|monetarista]], suggere abassar le taxas de interesse e apportar fondos al entitates financiari pro fover le credito a familias e interprisas. Le secunde, de character [[keynesianismo|keynesian]], propone incrementar le dispensa public pro dinamisar le economia. Normalmente, le option le plus adequate dependera de cata situation e consistera in un combination de ambe propostas. == Deflation e disinflation == Es necessario distinguer deflation de [[disinflation]]. Le disinflation se defini como un disacceleration del precios, es dicer, illos continua a crescer sed a un rithmo menor, dum que le deflation implicarea taxas de variation negative del IPC. == Causas del deflation == Le deflation se produce quando le [[offerta]] de [[benes e servicios]] in un economia es superior al [[Demanda (economia)|demanda]]: le sector empresarial se vide obligate a reducer le precios pro poter vender le production e non vider se obligate a accumular depositos. Iste disequilibrio inter offerta e demanda pote venir de duo motivos fundamental. === Insufficientia del demanda === Durante le [[Grande Depression]] occurrite principalmente in le Statos Unite, a fin del annos 1920, le collapso del mercatos bursatil e le collapso del systema financiari reduceva drasticamente le capacitate de dispensa del familias e del interprisas. Al clauder (o reducer lor dimension) le interprisas (debite al collapsos bursatil e financiari), le disoccupation augmentava de forma drastic e le consumo se affundava. Iste affundamento del consumo se tradeceva in un menor production, lo que conduceva a salarios plus basse o a plus de licentiamentos, lo que conduce a nove diminutiones de precios. Inter augusto 1929 e martio 1933, le [[Indice de precios al consumator|IPC]] se reduceva de 24%, entrante assi in un spiral deflationari. Post le election de [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]], se initiava un serie de mesuras economic ([[New Deal|new deal]]) que incentivava le demanda e stimulava le [[consumo]], liberante le Statos Unite del deflation. === Excesso del offerta === Le melior exemplo es le [[Grande Recession]] que se initiava in 2008. In le ultime annos del forte cyclo expansive del ultime decennio del {{seculo|XX||s}}, le interprisas interprendeva numerose projectos de investimento, seducite per le opportunitates del "nove economia". Le non-cristallisation de iste expectationes lassava le sector productive (super toto in le SUA) con un forte excesso de capacitate que non esseva purgate ni compensate per le demanda. In le Statos Unite, le uso del capacitate productive esseva (in april 2003) de 74%, septe punctos sub le media de 1972-2002. Le impacto de iste disequilibrio super le precios pote vider se accentuate per cambios structural in le economia mundial que implica un incremento del productivitate o del competentia inter le interprisas, como occurre in le ultime annos con le progressive disparition del barrieras al commercio mundial e le liberalisation de sectores basic (telephonia, transporto, energia) in multe paises. == Casos de deflation == In le prime annos del historia economic del Statos Unite, le cyclos de inflation e deflation se correlacionava con le fluxos de capital inter regiones, prestante se moneta desde le centro financiari del nord-est al regiones productores de materias prime del (medio)-west e del sud. De maniera [[procyclic]], le precios del materias prime ascendeva quando entrava capital, es dicer, quando le bancos esseva disposte a prestar, e descendeva in le annos de depression de 1818 e 1839 quando le bancos revocava le prestitos.<ref name="North1966"> {{cite book |title = El crecimiento económico de Estados Unidos 1790-1860 |last = North |first = Douglas C. |year = 1966 |publisher = W. W. Norton & Company |location = Nueva York, Londres |isbn = 978-0-393-00346-8 |url = https://archive.org/details/economicgrowthof00doug }} </ref> In plus, in aquella epocha il non habeva papel-moneta national e le monetas metallic escasseava. Le major parte del moneta circulava in forma de bilyetes de banco, que normalmente se vendeva con disconto in function del distantia al banco emissor e del solides financiari percipite del banco. Quando le bancos bankruptcyava, lor bilyetes se excambiava pro reservas bancari, lo que frequentemente non se tradeceva in un pagamento al [[valor nominal]], e a vices le bilyetes perdeva tote lor valor. Durante le Grande Depression, le personas qui debeva moneta a un banco de qual le depositos habeva essite congelate a vices emeva libretas de sparnio (depositos de altere personas in le banco) con disconto e las utilisava pro saldar lor debita al valor nominal.<ref>Benjamin Roth, ed., James Ledbetter y Daniel B. Roth, ''The Bank of the United States'' (La Gran Depresión, 1951). James Ledbetter y Daniel B. Roth, ''La Gran Depresión: Un diario''. Perseus Books, 2009, p. 36. "En lugares como Youngstown también surgió un mercado de compra de 'libretas de ahorro' bancarias. Si en 1931 estabas lo bastante desesperado por conseguir dinero para comprar artículos de primera necesidad, podías conseguir entre 60 y 70 centavos por dólar por el valor de tus cartillas. Los periódicos locales incluso publicaban las tarifas semanales de compra y venta de estas cartillas, ya que se habían convertido en una mercancía; Roth pegó una de esas tablas de tarifas en su diario"</ref> Le deflation se produceva periodicamente in le Statos Unite durante le {{seculo|XIX||s}} (le exception le plus importante esseva durante le Guerra Civil). Iste deflation esseva causate a vices per le progresso technologic que creava un [[crescentia economic]] significative, sed in altere occasiones illo esseva desencadenate per [[Crise financiari#seculo XIX|crises crises]] - notabilmente le [[Panico de 1837]] que causava deflation usque a 1844, e le [[Panico de 1873]] que desencadenava le [[Longe Depression]] que durava usque a 1879. <ref name="North1966"/> Iste periodos deflationari precedeva le creation del [[Systema del Reserva Federal]] statounitese e su gestion active del affares monetari. Le episodios de deflation ha essite rar e breve desde le creation del Reserva Federal (un exception notabile esseva le [[Grande Depression]]), dum que le progresso economic del Statos Unite non ha habite precedentes. Le deflation ha essite un phenomeno multo pauc frequente in le {{seculo|XX||s}}, ubi solmente se ha registrate duo casos relevante. Le prime, ja citate, esseva le [[Grande Depression]] nord-american. Le presidente [[FDR|Roosevelt]], quando ille attingeva le presidentia in 1932, realisava un [[New Deal|forte augmento]] del [[offerta monetari|quantitate de moneta]] que jocava un rolo importante in le [[Historia del Statos Unite (1945-64)|recuperation economic statounitese]].<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Un crise financiari in Anglaterra in 1818 faceva que le bancos revocava le prestitos e restringeva le nove prestitos, drenante le moneta del SUA. {{citation needed|date=February 2021}}. Le Banco del Statos Unite tamben reduceva su prestitos. Le precios del coton e del tabaco cadeva. Le precio del productos agricole tamben se videva pressionate per le retorno del recoltas normal post 1816, le ''[[anno sin estate]]'', que provocava fame a grande scala e elevate precios agricole.<ref>{{Harvnb|Taylor|1951|pp=336}}</ref> Il habeva varie causas del deflation del grave depression de 1839-1843, que includeva un excesso de offerta de productos agricole (super toto coton), ja que le nove terras de cultivo entrava in production post le grande ventas de terras federal un pauc de annos ante, le bancos exigeva le pagamento in auro o argento, le bankruptia de varie bancos, le non-pagamento de varie statos de lor obligationes e le bancos britannic reduceva le fluxo de species al SUA.<ref name="North1966"/><ref>{{cite web | last1 = Wallis | first1 = Hohn Joseph | last2 = Oficina Nacional de Investigación Económica | title = La Depresión de 1839 a 1843 | url = http://www.startabank.com/history/200809_TheDepression/depression1839.pdf }}</ref> Iste cyclo se ha delineate a grande scala durante le [[Grande Depression]]. In parte debite al excesso de capacitate e al saturation del mercato, e in parte como resultato del [[Lege tariffari Smoot-Hawley]], le commercio international se contraheva drasticamente, lo que reduceva drasticamente le demanda de benes, eliminante assi un grande quantitate de capacitate e desencadenante un serie de bankruptias bancari. Un situation simile in Japon, que comenciava con le collapso del mercato bursatil e immobiliari al initio del decennio de 1990, esseva frenate per le governamento japonese, que impediva le collapso del majoritate del bancos e assumeva le controlo directe de varie de illos in le pejor conditiones. Altere casos de deflation es le de [[Japon]] e [[Svedia]] (-20% in precios). In Japon desde le medie del annos 1990 usque al actualitate (-25% de cadita del precios), e in Svedia illo obligava le [[Banco de Svedia]] a operar con [[taxas de interesse]] de deposito negative (-0,25%). Le [[Grande Recession]] provocava le [[Crise del Euro]] in [[Union Europea|Europa]], lo que ha implicate periodos de recession in alicun paises [[Recession in Espania|como Espania]] e un forte [[Depression grec|deflation in Grecia]]. Le exemplo historic le plus profunde de deflation esseva registrate per le economia japonese durante le stagnation economic que Japon viveva desde le fin de 1991 como consequentia del explosion del bulla financiari e immobiliari gestate desde le medie del decennio de 1980 inter 1991 e 2001, retornante a experimentar deflation mesmo in le decennio de 2011 a 2021. Durante 30 annos, le deflation se presentava in 23 del 30 annos analysate.<ref>{{Cita noticia|apellidos=Tabuchi|nombre=Hiroko|título=When Consumers Cut Back: An Object Lesson From Japan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/22/business/worldbusiness/22japan.html?fta=y|fecha=22 de febrero de 2009|fechaacceso=15 de septiembre de 2021|periódico=New York Times}}</ref>Argentina experimentava deflation durante le governamento de [[Carlos Menem|Carlos Saúl Menem]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_vQJXkcM9A|título=Reporte de Telefe de Noviembre, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/1999/99-04/99-04-07/pag17.htm|título=Deflación en el final del gobierno de Carlos Menem}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.fcen.uba.ar/prensa/micro/1992/ms89.htm|título=Archivo histórico sobre la deflación en la Argentina durante el gobierno de Menem, 1992}}</ref> e [[Fernando de la Rúa]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-01/00-01-05/pag04.htm|título=Deflación durante el gobierno de De La Rúa (Nota de 1999)}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-59494504|título=Nota de la BBC que menciona la deflación del año 2001 durante el gobierno de De La Rúa}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf|título=Reportaje que menciona la deflación en el gobierno de De La Rúa|fechaacceso=20 de agosto de 2022|fechaarchivo=10 de mayo de 2022|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510184243/https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.mariorapoport.com.ar/uploadsarchivos/la_inflacio__n_en_pdf.pdf|título=Una revisión histórica de la inflación argentina y de sus causas Mario Rapoport}}</ref>, alique que non occurreva in iste pais desde le decennios de 1920 e 1930<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.clarin.com/economia/inflacion-deflacion_0_SJoMjA3xCYl.html#|título=Nota de Clarín sobre la deflación en las décadas de 1920 y 1930}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3794/379463801010/html/|título=Deflación en las décadas 1920 y 1930}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/65788/CONICET_Digital_Nro.9e98e9b3-490b-4437-a2c4-6b81aefa9070_A.pdf|título="Circulando en el laberinto: la economía argentina entre la depresión y la guerra 1929-1939"}}</ref> In menor mesura, [[Venezuela]] tamben esseva un altere del paises que entrava in deflation, durante le governamento de [[Marcos Pérez Jiménez]]. In 1953 e 1955 se registrava un deflation de 1,7% e 1,1% respectivemente. Isto esseva le producto del excesso de offerta in le economia venezuelan, sed le effectos negativos esseva corrigite in su majoritate per le exportationes.<ref name="Economía1952-57">{{cita web|url=http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx|autor=Francisco Pérez Alviárez|título=Así se movió la economía en el Gobierno de Pérez Jiménez (+gráficos)|fecha=23 de enero de 2013|página=|fechaacceso=15 de julio de 2014|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062206/http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx|fechaarchivo=3 de septiembre de 2014}}</ref> == Vide tamben == * [[Inflation]] * [[Stagflation]] * [[Disinflation]] * [[Indice de precios al consumator]] * [[Recession]] * [[Crise economic]] * [[Crise financiari]] * [[Grande Depression]] * [[Grande Recession]] * [[Impacto socioeconomic del pandemia de COVID-19#Causas e impactos economic|Impacto socioeconomic del pandemia de COVID-19]] {{Referentias}} == Bibliographia == *{{cite journal|last1=Costas|first1=Antón|last2=Arias|first2=Xosé Carlos|title=Economía europea: ¿hacia el estancamiento secular?|journal=Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social ISSN: 2172 - 7856|date=2015|pages=38|url=http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=9 de decembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141438/http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=20 de decembre 2016}} * [[Fondo Monetari International]], [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/def/2003/eng/043003.pdf Deflation: Determinants, Risks, and Policy Options - Findings of an Independent Task Force], Washington D.C., 30 de april 2003 * Fondo Monetari International, [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/esl/index.htm Perspectivas de la economía mundial: Globalización e inflación], Washington D.C., april 2006. * {{cite book|last1=Moulier Boutang|first1=Yann|title=La abeja y el economista|date=2010|publisher=Traficantes de sueños|isbn=978-84-96453-69-2|page=66|url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/F8941.pdf|access-date=9 de decembre 2016}} [[Categoria:Terminologia economic]] [[Categoria:Inflation]] [[Categoria:Conceptos basic de financas]] [[Categoria:Macroeconomia e economia monetari]] 52sqzbmyikgx9cklbitlj4fftvqmddl 697027 697026 2026-06-06T20:10:55Z ~2026-33584-16 60143 /* Excesso del offerta */ 697027 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Déflation au Japon.png|thumb|Inflation de [[Japon]] desde le annos 1990 usque a 2013. Sub le zero se observa le [[Economia de Japon#Annos recente|epochas deflationari]].]] Le '''deflation''' o '''inflation negative''', in [[economia]], es le diminution generalisate e sustenite del [[precio|precios]] de [[Ben economic|benes]] e [[Servicio (economia)|servicios]]. Le [[Fondo Monetari International]] (FMI) considera que existe deflation quando iste cadita se prolonga al minus durante duo semestres consecutive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/spa/2002/12/pdf/basics.pdf|title=Deflation: periculo imminente|website=Fondo Monetari International|date=12 de decembre 2002|access-date=28 de septembre 2025}}</ref> Generalmente, le deflation es associate a un debilitate in le [[demanda aggregate]] e a un excesso de [[capacitate installate]] in le [[offerta]].<ref name="Moulier">{{cite book|last=Moulier Boutang|first=Yann|title=La abeja y el economista|publisher=Traficantes de sueños|year=2010|isbn=978-84-96453-69-2|page=66|url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/F8941.pdf|access-date=9 de decembre 2016}}</ref> == Effectos del deflation == === Periculos del deflation === Le disavantages del deflation es basicamente le reduction del activitate economic, le augmento del [[disoccupation]], le augmento de incertitude economic, le augmento del [[taxa de interesse nominal|taxas de interesse real]] per le cadita de precios, e le cadita del demanda.<ref name="Hussman2010">{{cite web | last1 = Krugman , Ph.D. | first1 =Paul , R. | author-link1 = | title = Why Is Deflation Bad? | year = 2010 | url = http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/02/why-is-deflation-bad/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=1 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref><ref name=peligro_deflación>[http://economistasfrentealacrisis.com/el-peligro-de-la-deflacion/ Le periculo del deflation], Julio Rodríguez López, Economistas Frente a la Crisis, 23 de april 2014</ref> Le periculositate de iste situation proveni de lo difficile que es exir de illo, ja que se crea un [[circulo viciose]] per le qual, al cader le demanda, le interprisas vide reducite lor margines de ganio al trovar se in le necessitate de reducer le precios pro obtener ventas; como consequentia de illo, illos debe reducer costes, lo que implica un reduction in le numero de empleos. A su vice, si il ha gente qui resta [[disoccupation|sin travalio]], le demanda continuara a diminuer, ja que istes tamben cessara de comprar.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Le deflation suppone le descenso de precios que incide in le diminution del [[Demanda aggregate|dispensa aggregate]], le qual affecta negativemente le activitate e le empleo. Iste "balla" quasi imparabile provoca un [[crise economic]] con effectos negativos super le ricchezza, su [[distribution del ricchezza|distribution]] e le [[disequalitate social]], ja que illo beneficia le creditores in prejudicio del debitores. Como le precios cade, se produce un augmento del [[taxa de interesse]] real (mesmo quando le interesse nominal mantene o mesmo abassa su valor), producente un cadita del demanda e del activitate economic general.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> === Avantages del deflation === Malgrado le periculos del deflation, alicun economistas del [[schola austriac]] defende le deflation como alique positive,<ref name="#1">{{cite web|last1=PHILIPP|title=BAGUS|url=https://mises.org/library/deflation-when-austrians-become-interventionists|website=DEFLATION: WHEN AUSTRIANS BECOME INTERVENTIONISTS|language=anglese}}</ref> argumentante que al abassar le precios, le [[potere acquisitive|potere de compra]] del individuo augmentarea; nonobstante, illes tamben assume que iste deflation ha problemas in le economia a curte termino.<ref name="#1"/> == Mesuras contra le deflation == Le instrumento pro luctar contra le deflation es le [[politica monetari]] e le controlo del [[offerta de moneta]]. Se considera que le election de Roosevelt al presidentia del Statos Unite in 1932 e le forte augmento que le nove governamento provocava in le quantitate de moneta ha jocate un rolo importante in le recuperation.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Le politicas que le Administration pote applicar pro ager contra le deflation essera orientate a potentiar le demanda pro colmar le discrepantia con le offerta. Le consenso inter le economistas super le melior option se limita al emphase in ager ''a priori'' (prevenir le deflation) plus que ''a posteriori'' (combatter le deflation). Ben que se considera necessari stimular le demanda, tamben es importante compatibilisar dicte demanda (normalmente augmentante le [[offerta de moneta]] e recurrente a vices al [[expansion quantitative]]) con un controlo del nivellos de debita private e public.<ref name="estancamiento_europa">{{cite journal|url=http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Economía europea: ¿hacia el estancamiento secular?|first1=Antón|last2=Arias|first2=Xosé Carlos|date=2015|journal=Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social ISSN: 2172 - 7856|pages=38|access-date=9 de decembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141438/http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=20 de decembre 2016|last1=Costas}}</ref> A partir de ibi, le opiniones se agrupa circa duo propostas. Le prime, [[monetarismo|monetarista]], suggere abassar le taxas de interesse e apportar fondos al entitates financiari pro fover le credito a familias e interprisas. Le secunde, de character [[keynesianismo|keynesian]], propone incrementar le dispensa public pro dinamisar le economia. Normalmente, le option le plus adequate dependera de cata situation e consistera in un combination de ambe propostas. == Deflation e disinflation == Es necessario distinguer deflation de [[disinflation]]. Le disinflation se defini como un disacceleration del precios, es dicer, illos continua a crescer sed a un rithmo menor, dum que le deflation implicarea taxas de variation negative del IPC. == Causas del deflation == Le deflation se produce quando le [[offerta]] de [[benes e servicios]] in un economia es superior al [[Demanda (economia)|demanda]]: le sector empresarial se vide obligate a reducer le precios pro poter vender le production e non vider se obligate a accumular depositos. Iste disequilibrio inter offerta e demanda pote venir de duo motivos fundamental. === Insufficientia del demanda === Durante le [[Grande Depression]] occurrite principalmente in le Statos Unite, a fin del annos 1920, le collapso del mercatos bursatil e le collapso del systema financiari reduceva drasticamente le capacitate de dispensa del familias e del interprisas. Al clauder (o reducer lor dimension) le interprisas (debite al collapsos bursatil e financiari), le disoccupation augmentava de forma drastic e le consumo se affundava. Iste affundamento del consumo se tradeceva in un menor production, lo que conduceva a salarios plus basse o a plus de licentiamentos, lo que conduce a nove diminutiones de precios. Inter augusto 1929 e martio 1933, le [[Indice de precios al consumator|IPC]] se reduceva de 24%, entrante assi in un spiral deflationari. Post le election de [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]], se initiava un serie de mesuras economic ([[New Deal|new deal]]) que incentivava le demanda e stimulava le [[consumo]], liberante le Statos Unite del deflation. === Excesso del offerta === Le melior exemplo es le [[Grande Recession]] que se initiava in 2008. In le ultime annos del forte cyclo expansive del ultime decennio del 20e seculo, le interprisas interprendeva numerose projectos de investimento, seducite per le opportunitates del "nove economia". Le non-cristallisation de iste expectationes lassava le sector productive (super toto in le SUA) con un forte excesso de capacitate que non esseva purgate ni compensate per le demanda. In le Statos Unite, le uso del capacitate productive esseva (in april 2003) de 74%, septe punctos sub le media de 1972-2002. Le impacto de iste disequilibrio super le precios pote vider se accentuate per cambios structural in le economia mundial que implica un incremento del productivitate o del competentia inter le interprisas, como occurre in le ultime annos con le progressive disparition del barrieras al commercio mundial e le liberalisation de sectores basic (telephonia, transporto, energia) in multe paises. == Casos de deflation == In le prime annos del historia economic del Statos Unite, le cyclos de inflation e deflation se correlacionava con le fluxos de capital inter regiones, prestante se moneta desde le centro financiari del nord-est al regiones productores de materias prime del (medio)-west e del sud. De maniera [[procyclic]], le precios del materias prime ascendeva quando entrava capital, es dicer, quando le bancos esseva disposte a prestar, e descendeva in le annos de depression de 1818 e 1839 quando le bancos revocava le prestitos.<ref name="North1966"> {{cite book |title = El crecimiento económico de Estados Unidos 1790-1860 |last = North |first = Douglas C. |year = 1966 |publisher = W. W. Norton & Company |location = Nueva York, Londres |isbn = 978-0-393-00346-8 |url = https://archive.org/details/economicgrowthof00doug }} </ref> In plus, in aquella epocha il non habeva papel-moneta national e le monetas metallic escasseava. Le major parte del moneta circulava in forma de bilyetes de banco, que normalmente se vendeva con disconto in function del distantia al banco emissor e del solides financiari percipite del banco. Quando le bancos bankruptcyava, lor bilyetes se excambiava pro reservas bancari, lo que frequentemente non se tradeceva in un pagamento al [[valor nominal]], e a vices le bilyetes perdeva tote lor valor. Durante le Grande Depression, le personas qui debeva moneta a un banco de qual le depositos habeva essite congelate a vices emeva libretas de sparnio (depositos de altere personas in le banco) con disconto e las utilisava pro saldar lor debita al valor nominal.<ref>Benjamin Roth, ed., James Ledbetter y Daniel B. Roth, ''The Bank of the United States'' (La Gran Depresión, 1951). James Ledbetter y Daniel B. Roth, ''La Gran Depresión: Un diario''. Perseus Books, 2009, p. 36. "En lugares como Youngstown también surgió un mercado de compra de 'libretas de ahorro' bancarias. Si en 1931 estabas lo bastante desesperado por conseguir dinero para comprar artículos de primera necesidad, podías conseguir entre 60 y 70 centavos por dólar por el valor de tus cartillas. Los periódicos locales incluso publicaban las tarifas semanales de compra y venta de estas cartillas, ya que se habían convertido en una mercancía; Roth pegó una de esas tablas de tarifas en su diario"</ref> Le deflation se produceva periodicamente in le Statos Unite durante le {{seculo|XIX||s}} (le exception le plus importante esseva durante le Guerra Civil). Iste deflation esseva causate a vices per le progresso technologic que creava un [[crescentia economic]] significative, sed in altere occasiones illo esseva desencadenate per [[Crise financiari#seculo XIX|crises crises]] - notabilmente le [[Panico de 1837]] que causava deflation usque a 1844, e le [[Panico de 1873]] que desencadenava le [[Longe Depression]] que durava usque a 1879. <ref name="North1966"/> Iste periodos deflationari precedeva le creation del [[Systema del Reserva Federal]] statounitese e su gestion active del affares monetari. Le episodios de deflation ha essite rar e breve desde le creation del Reserva Federal (un exception notabile esseva le [[Grande Depression]]), dum que le progresso economic del Statos Unite non ha habite precedentes. Le deflation ha essite un phenomeno multo pauc frequente in le {{seculo|XX||s}}, ubi solmente se ha registrate duo casos relevante. Le prime, ja citate, esseva le [[Grande Depression]] nord-american. Le presidente [[FDR|Roosevelt]], quando ille attingeva le presidentia in 1932, realisava un [[New Deal|forte augmento]] del [[offerta monetari|quantitate de moneta]] que jocava un rolo importante in le [[Historia del Statos Unite (1945-64)|recuperation economic statounitese]].<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Un crise financiari in Anglaterra in 1818 faceva que le bancos revocava le prestitos e restringeva le nove prestitos, drenante le moneta del SUA. {{citation needed|date=February 2021}}. Le Banco del Statos Unite tamben reduceva su prestitos. Le precios del coton e del tabaco cadeva. Le precio del productos agricole tamben se videva pressionate per le retorno del recoltas normal post 1816, le ''[[anno sin estate]]'', que provocava fame a grande scala e elevate precios agricole.<ref>{{Harvnb|Taylor|1951|pp=336}}</ref> Il habeva varie causas del deflation del grave depression de 1839-1843, que includeva un excesso de offerta de productos agricole (super toto coton), ja que le nove terras de cultivo entrava in production post le grande ventas de terras federal un pauc de annos ante, le bancos exigeva le pagamento in auro o argento, le bankruptia de varie bancos, le non-pagamento de varie statos de lor obligationes e le bancos britannic reduceva le fluxo de species al SUA.<ref name="North1966"/><ref>{{cite web | last1 = Wallis | first1 = Hohn Joseph | last2 = Oficina Nacional de Investigación Económica | title = La Depresión de 1839 a 1843 | url = http://www.startabank.com/history/200809_TheDepression/depression1839.pdf }}</ref> Iste cyclo se ha delineate a grande scala durante le [[Grande Depression]]. In parte debite al excesso de capacitate e al saturation del mercato, e in parte como resultato del [[Lege tariffari Smoot-Hawley]], le commercio international se contraheva drasticamente, lo que reduceva drasticamente le demanda de benes, eliminante assi un grande quantitate de capacitate e desencadenante un serie de bankruptias bancari. Un situation simile in Japon, que comenciava con le collapso del mercato bursatil e immobiliari al initio del decennio de 1990, esseva frenate per le governamento japonese, que impediva le collapso del majoritate del bancos e assumeva le controlo directe de varie de illos in le pejor conditiones. Altere casos de deflation es le de [[Japon]] e [[Svedia]] (-20% in precios). In Japon desde le medie del annos 1990 usque al actualitate (-25% de cadita del precios), e in Svedia illo obligava le [[Banco de Svedia]] a operar con [[taxas de interesse]] de deposito negative (-0,25%). Le [[Grande Recession]] provocava le [[Crise del Euro]] in [[Union Europea|Europa]], lo que ha implicate periodos de recession in alicun paises [[Recession in Espania|como Espania]] e un forte [[Depression grec|deflation in Grecia]]. Le exemplo historic le plus profunde de deflation esseva registrate per le economia japonese durante le stagnation economic que Japon viveva desde le fin de 1991 como consequentia del explosion del bulla financiari e immobiliari gestate desde le medie del decennio de 1980 inter 1991 e 2001, retornante a experimentar deflation mesmo in le decennio de 2011 a 2021. Durante 30 annos, le deflation se presentava in 23 del 30 annos analysate.<ref>{{Cita noticia|apellidos=Tabuchi|nombre=Hiroko|título=When Consumers Cut Back: An Object Lesson From Japan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/22/business/worldbusiness/22japan.html?fta=y|fecha=22 de febrero de 2009|fechaacceso=15 de septiembre de 2021|periódico=New York Times}}</ref>Argentina experimentava deflation durante le governamento de [[Carlos Menem|Carlos Saúl Menem]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_vQJXkcM9A|título=Reporte de Telefe de Noviembre, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/1999/99-04/99-04-07/pag17.htm|título=Deflación en el final del gobierno de Carlos Menem}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.fcen.uba.ar/prensa/micro/1992/ms89.htm|título=Archivo histórico sobre la deflación en la Argentina durante el gobierno de Menem, 1992}}</ref> e [[Fernando de la Rúa]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-01/00-01-05/pag04.htm|título=Deflación durante el gobierno de De La Rúa (Nota de 1999)}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-59494504|título=Nota de la BBC que menciona la deflación del año 2001 durante el gobierno de De La Rúa}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf|título=Reportaje que menciona la deflación en el gobierno de De La Rúa|fechaacceso=20 de agosto de 2022|fechaarchivo=10 de mayo de 2022|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510184243/https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.mariorapoport.com.ar/uploadsarchivos/la_inflacio__n_en_pdf.pdf|título=Una revisión histórica de la inflación argentina y de sus causas Mario Rapoport}}</ref>, alique que non occurreva in iste pais desde le decennios de 1920 e 1930<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.clarin.com/economia/inflacion-deflacion_0_SJoMjA3xCYl.html#|título=Nota de Clarín sobre la deflación en las décadas de 1920 y 1930}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3794/379463801010/html/|título=Deflación en las décadas 1920 y 1930}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/65788/CONICET_Digital_Nro.9e98e9b3-490b-4437-a2c4-6b81aefa9070_A.pdf|título="Circulando en el laberinto: la economía argentina entre la depresión y la guerra 1929-1939"}}</ref> In menor mesura, [[Venezuela]] tamben esseva un altere del paises que entrava in deflation, durante le governamento de [[Marcos Pérez Jiménez]]. In 1953 e 1955 se registrava un deflation de 1,7% e 1,1% respectivemente. Isto esseva le producto del excesso de offerta in le economia venezuelan, sed le effectos negativos esseva corrigite in su majoritate per le exportationes.<ref name="Economía1952-57">{{cita web|url=http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx|autor=Francisco Pérez Alviárez|título=Así se movió la economía en el Gobierno de Pérez Jiménez (+gráficos)|fecha=23 de enero de 2013|página=|fechaacceso=15 de julio de 2014|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062206/http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx|fechaarchivo=3 de septiembre de 2014}}</ref> == Vide tamben == * [[Inflation]] * [[Stagflation]] * [[Disinflation]] * [[Indice de precios al consumator]] * [[Recession]] * [[Crise economic]] * [[Crise financiari]] * [[Grande Depression]] * [[Grande Recession]] * [[Impacto socioeconomic del pandemia de COVID-19#Causas e impactos economic|Impacto socioeconomic del pandemia de COVID-19]] {{Referentias}} == Bibliographia == *{{cite journal|last1=Costas|first1=Antón|last2=Arias|first2=Xosé Carlos|title=Economía europea: ¿hacia el estancamiento secular?|journal=Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social ISSN: 2172 - 7856|date=2015|pages=38|url=http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=9 de decembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141438/http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=20 de decembre 2016}} * [[Fondo Monetari International]], [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/def/2003/eng/043003.pdf Deflation: Determinants, Risks, and Policy Options - Findings of an Independent Task Force], Washington D.C., 30 de april 2003 * Fondo Monetari International, [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/esl/index.htm Perspectivas de la economía mundial: Globalización e inflación], Washington D.C., april 2006. * {{cite book|last1=Moulier Boutang|first1=Yann|title=La abeja y el economista|date=2010|publisher=Traficantes de sueños|isbn=978-84-96453-69-2|page=66|url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/F8941.pdf|access-date=9 de decembre 2016}} [[Categoria:Terminologia economic]] [[Categoria:Inflation]] [[Categoria:Conceptos basic de financas]] [[Categoria:Macroeconomia e economia monetari]] cu5ns9b0m6bjj8797xsad3x1de43cje 0 61020 697028 2026-06-06T20:15:08Z ~2026-33584-16 60143 Pagina create con “{{Infobox/articulo/generic}} '''''The Death of Expertise: The Campaign Against Established Knowledge and Why it Matters''''' es un libro de non-fiction de 2017 per [[Tom Nichols (academic)|Tom Nichols]]. Illo es un expansion de un articulo de 2014 publicate in ''[[The Federalist (website)|The Federalist]]''.<ref name=PublishersWeekly/><ref name=FederalistArticle/> == Summario == In ''The Death of Expertise'', Nichols condemna lo que ille describe como le numerose fo...” 697028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} '''''The Death of Expertise: The Campaign Against Established Knowledge and Why it Matters''''' es un libro de non-fiction de 2017 per [[Tom Nichols (academic)|Tom Nichols]]. Illo es un expansion de un articulo de 2014 publicate in ''[[The Federalist (website)|The Federalist]]''.<ref name=PublishersWeekly/><ref name=FederalistArticle/> == Summario == In ''The Death of Expertise'', Nichols condemna lo que ille describe como le numerose fortias que tenta subverter le autoritate de [[experto]]s in le Statos Unite. Ille culpa tendentias in le education superior (tal como le foco super le [[autoestima]] e le tolerantia del [[narcissismo]] que duce al [[inflation de notas]] e al excesso de confidentia in le proprie habilitates), le Internet, e le explosion de optiones de media pro le sentimento anti-expertisa e anti-intellectual que ille considera in augmento. Ben que ille admitte que le expertos a vices fali, ille affirma que le melior responsa a isto es le presentia auto-corrective de altere expertos pro recognoscer e rectificar le fallimentos systemic.<ref name=Oxford/> {{Blockquote|text=Iste es tempos periculose. Nunquam tante personas ha habite accesso a tanto cognoscentia, e totevia ha essite tan resistente a apprender alique.|author=Tom Nichols |source=''The Death of Expertise''<ref name=Kirkus/>}} == Recensiones == ''[[Publishers Weekly]]'' diceva que "le puncto crucial del argumento del libro es que... le publico american ha devenite crescentemente hostile al expertisa" e describeva ''The Death of Expertise'' como un "libro multo recercate e passionate que es ben temporisate", notante in plus que "Generalmente, Nichols exhibi un ratiocination forte, sed a vices ille perde le filo. Il prende alicun tempore [in certe sectiones] pro facer su puncto".<ref name=PublishersWeekly/> ''[[Kirkus Reviews]]'' describeva ''The Death of Expertise'' como "Un analyse acute de un problema crescentemente urgente", ben que Nichols (qui "sona minus como un alarmista que como un guida genial a transverso del deserto del ignorantia") fali in proponer un solution satisfacente.<ref name=Kirkus/> Andrew Joseph Pegoda discordava super le ultime puncto, scribente que ''The Death of Expertise'' "face lo que le bon libros face... e forni alicun solutiones possibile". Pegoda anque describeva ''The Death of Expertise'' como "extrememente interessante, importante e opportune" e diceva que "Nichols, in breve, forni un breve historia, informate per le psychologia e le scientia politic, de lo que ille argumenta es un nove phenomeno per le qual le personas in le Statos Unite non es simplemente regularmente errate o ignorante, sed 'orgogliose de non saper cosas'". Pegoda laudava Nichols pro non confunder expertisa con credentiales, e, ben que ille declarava que le libro ha alicun defectos, illo ha le "potential de initiar conversationes plus importante".<ref name=Pegoda/> [[Michiko Kakutani]] in ''[[The New York Times]]'' affirmava que ''The Death of Expertise'' "se revela como un libro non exceptional super un subjecto importante.<ref name=Kakutan/> Le volumine es utile in su modo, forniente un vision general de como precisemente nos ha arrivate a iste stato de affaires deplorabile." Le recension continua citante le notas del autor de Nichols como un del punctos forte del volumine, proque illo dirige le lector a "libros e articulos plus illuminante."<ref name=Kakutan/> Joshua Huminski del ''Diplomatic Courier'' describeva le libro como "opportune", citante le declarationes de [[Donald Trump]] super le cambio climatic e le sondages de Pew Research concernente le organismos geneticamente modificate. Ille trovava le explicationes de Nichols super le rationes del situation actual como "successose in certe aspectos e minus in alteres", sed su recension esseva generalmente positive ("Nichols identifica clarmente multiple fontes del erosion del credentia in le expertos e lor prominentia in le societate de hodie").<ref name=Huminski/> [[Stuart Vyse]] in ''[[Skeptical Inquirer]]'' "recommenda fortemente" le libro e dice que "un del melior cosas del libro es su postura apolitic" e trova "multo pauc a criticar" malgrado haber tendentias politic differente de illos del autor.<ref name=Vyse/> == Secunde edition == Un secunde edition esseva publicate in 2024. Un del nove topicos es le [[epidemia de COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite book | last1=Nichols | first1=Tom | title=The Death of Expertise | date=2024 | doi=10.1093/oso/9780197763827.001.0001 | isbn=978-0-19-776382-7 }}</ref> == Referentias == <references> <ref name=Oxford>{{cite book |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-death-of-expertise-9780197763834 |title=The Death of Expertise (product description) |publisher=Oxford University Press |accessdate=February 15, 2017|isbn=9780190469412 |year=2017}}</ref> <ref name=FederalistArticle>{{cite journal |url=https://thefederalist.com/2014/01/17/the-death-of-expertise/ |title=The Death of Expertise |volume=25 |issue=6 |pages=645–649 |journal=[[The Federalist (website)|The Federalist]] |accessdate=March 25, 2017|date=2014-01-17 |bibcode=2014JSTEd..25..645L |last1=Lederman |first1=Norman G. |last2=Lederman |first2=Judith S. |doi=10.1007/s10972-014-9398-8 |s2cid=146447547}}</ref> <ref name=Huminski>{{cite web |url=https://www.diplomaticourier.com/posts/book-review-death-expertise-tom-nichols |title=Book Review: The Death of Expertise, by Tom Nichols |author=Joshua Huminski |date=February 1, 2017 |work=Diplomatic Courier |accessdate=February 15, 2017}}</ref> <ref name=PublishersWeekly>{{cite web |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-19-046941-2 |title=The Death of Expertise: The Campaign Against Established Knowledge and Why It Matters (review) |work=[[Publishers Weekly]] |accessdate=February 15, 2017}}</ref> <ref name=Pegoda>{{cite web |url=https://andrewpegoda.com/2017/02/10/ajps-take-on-tom-nicholss-the-death-of-expertise-the-campaign-against-established-knowledge-and-why-it-matters/ |title=AJP's take on Tom Nichols's "The Death of Expertise: The Campaign against Established Knowledge and Why it Matters" |author=Andrew Joseph Pegoda |date=February 10, 2017 |work=Without Ritual, Autonomous Negotiations |accessdate=February 15, 2017}}</ref> <ref name=Kirkus>{{cite web |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/tom-nichols/the-death-of-expertise/ |title=The Death of Expertise (review) |work=Kirkus |accessdate=February 15, 2017}}</ref> <ref name=Kakutan>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/21/books/the-death-of-expertise-explores-how-ignorance-became-a-virtue.html |title='The Death of Expertise' Explores How Ignorance Became a Virtue |author=Michiko Kakutani |date=March 21, 2017 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=February 5, 2019}}</ref> <ref name=Vyse>{{cite journal |last1=Vyse |first1=Stuart|authorlink=Stuart Vyse |title=Yes, We Do Need Experts |journal=[[Skeptical Inquirer]] |date=2018 |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=20–22 |url=https://www.csicop.org/si/show/yes_we_do_need_experts |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621000338/https://www.csicop.org/si/show/yes_we_do_need_experts |archivedate=2018-06-21 |accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref> </references> == Ligamines externe == *[https://www.c-span.org/video/?426290-1/tom-nichols-discusses-the-death-expertise Presentation per Nichols super ''The Death of Expertise'', 31 de martio 2017], [[C-SPAN]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Death of Expertise, The}} [[Category:Libros de non-fiction de 2017]] [[Category:Libros de non-fiction statounitese]] [[Category:Libros de non-fiction in anglese]] [[Category:Anti-intellectualismo]] [[Category:Libros de Oxford University Press]] mufj6xiks3lsyv9vvzohtgxq6q4al5a 0 61021 697029 2026-06-06T20:40:34Z ~2026-33584-16 60143 Pagina create con “{{Infobox/articulo/persona}} '''Suzanne Hubbell''' (nascite '''Gilbert'''; 28 de januario 1935 – 13 de octobre 2018) esseva un autora american. Su libros ''A Country Year'' e ''A Book of Bees'' esseva seligite per le ''Book Review'' de ''[[The New York Times]]'' como Libros Notabile del Anno. Illa scribeva tamben pro ''[[The New Yorker]]'', le [[Saint Louis Post-Dispatch|''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'']], [[Smithsonian (magazine)|''Smithsonian'']] e Time (magazine)|'...” 697029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/persona}} '''Suzanne Hubbell''' (nascite '''Gilbert'''; 28 de januario 1935 – 13 de octobre 2018) esseva un autora american. Su libros ''A Country Year'' e ''A Book of Bees'' esseva seligite per le ''Book Review'' de ''[[The New York Times]]'' como Libros Notabile del Anno. Illa scribeva tamben pro ''[[The New Yorker]]'', le [[Saint Louis Post-Dispatch|''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'']], [[Smithsonian (magazine)|''Smithsonian'']] e [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310232556/http://www.time.com/time/searchresults?query=%20SUE%20HUBBELL Archivo del magazin ''Time'' ]</ref> e esseva un collaboratrice frequente del columna "Hers" de ''The New York Times''.<ref>[http://reviews.publishersweekly.com/bd.aspx?isbn=039455146X&pub=pw ''Publishers Weekly''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310224209/http://reviews.publishersweekly.com/bd.aspx?isbn=039455146X&pub=pw |date=2007-03-10 }}, 28 de februario 1986</ref> Sue Hubbell nasceva e cresceva in [[Kalamazoo, Michigan|Kalamazoo]], [[Michigan]]. Illa studieva biologia e esseva bibliothecaria al [[Brown University|Universitate Brown]] usque a 1972, quando illa e su sposo se moveva al [[Ozarks]] de [[Missouri]].<ref>[http://mdc.mo.gov/conmag/1996/01/10.html ''Missouri Conservationist Online''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230223204/http://www.mdc.mo.gov/conmag/1996/01/10.html |date=2005-12-30 }} Vol. 57, No. 1, januario 1996</ref> Hubbell viveva tamben in [[Washington, D.C.]] e [[Milbridge, Maine]].<ref>[http://www.keywestliteraryseminar.org/science/hubbell.html Key West Literary Seminar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207055408/http://www.keywestliteraryseminar.org/science/hubbell.html |date=2006-02-07 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ellsworthamerican.com/living/arts-a-living/wonders-of-nature-celebrated-in-new-book/ Wonders of Nature Celebrated in New Book - The Ellsworth American] Recuperate le 2017-04-28.</ref> Illa esseva le soror del autor Bil Gilbert, qui tamben scribe super historia natural. Hubbell moriva le 13 de octobre 2018, al etate de 83 annos, in [[Bar Harbor, Maine]], debite a complicationes de dementia.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/18/obituaries/sue-hubbell-dead.html |title = Sue Hubbell, Who Wrote of Bees and Self-Reliance, Dies at 83 - The New York Times|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 18 October 2018|last1 = Genzlinger|first1 = Neil}}</ref> ==Publicationes== Le libros de Sue Hubbell include:<ref>[http://www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com/catalog/authordetail.cfm?authorID=660 Houghton Mifflin Books]</ref><ref>[http://catalog.loc.gov/ Library of Congress]</ref> *''A Country Year: Living the Questions.''&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Random House (1986) {{ISBN|0-394-54603-2}} *''A Book of Bees: And How to Keep Them.''&nbsp;&nbsp;Boston: Houghton Mifflin (1988) {{ISBN|0-395-88324-5}} *''On This Hilltop.''&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Ballantine Books (1991) {{ISBN|0-345-37306-5}} *''Broadsides from the Other Orders: A Book of Bugs.''&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Random House (1993) {{ISBN|0-679-40062-1}} *''Far-flung Hubbell.''&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Random House (1995) {{ISBN|0-679-42833-X}} *''Waiting for Aphrodite: Journeys into the Time Before Bones.''&nbsp;&nbsp;Boston: Houghton Mifflin (1999) {{ISBN|0-395-83703-0}} *''Shrinking the Cat: Genetic Engineering Before We Knew About Genes.'' (2001) *''From Here to There and Back Again.''&nbsp;&nbsp;Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press (2004) {{ISBN|0-472-11419-0}} {{Referentias}} ==Ligamines externe== *[http://suehubbell.com/ ''Un bibliographia de su libros, articulos, essayos, introductiones, prefacios e recensiones''] {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hubbell, Sue}} [[Categoria:Nascentias in 1935]] [[Categoria:Mortes in 2018]] [[Categoria:Scriptores feminin american]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de Missouri]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de Kalamazoo, Michigan]] [[Categoria:Personas de Milbridge, Maine]] [[Categoria:Feminas american del seculo 21]] [[Categoria:Bibliothecarias american]] mhbdvj5ztzetzr95rm447zvkhhylewa 697030 697029 2026-06-06T20:41:36Z ~2026-33584-16 60143 697030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/persona}} '''Suzanne Hubbell''' (nascite '''Gilbert'''; 28 de januario 1935 – 13 de octobre 2018) esseva un autora american. Su libros ''A Country Year'' e ''A Book of Bees'' esseva seligite per le ''Book Review'' de ''[[The New York Times]]'' como Libros Notabile del Anno. Illa scribeva tamben pro ''[[The New Yorker]]'', le [[Saint Louis Post-Dispatch|''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'']], [[Smithsonian (magazine)|''Smithsonian'']] e [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310232556/http://www.time.com/time/searchresults?query=%20SUE%20HUBBELL Archivo del magazin ''Time'' ]</ref> e esseva un collaboratrice frequente del columna "Hers" de ''The New York Times''.<ref>[http://reviews.publishersweekly.com/bd.aspx?isbn=039455146X&pub=pw ''Publishers Weekly''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310224209/http://reviews.publishersweekly.com/bd.aspx?isbn=039455146X&pub=pw |date=2007-03-10 }}, 28 de februario 1986</ref> Sue Hubbell nasceva e cresceva in [[Kalamazoo, Michigan|Kalamazoo]], [[Michigan]]. Illa studieva biologia e esseva bibliothecaria al [[Universitate Brown]] usque a 1972, quando illa e su sposo se moveva al [[Ozarks]] de [[Missouri]].<ref>[http://mdc.mo.gov/conmag/1996/01/10.html ''Missouri Conservationist Online''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230223204/http://www.mdc.mo.gov/conmag/1996/01/10.html |date=2005-12-30 }} Vol. 57, No. 1, januario 1996</ref> Hubbell viveva tamben in [[Washington, D.C.]] e [[Milbridge, Maine]].<ref>[http://www.keywestliteraryseminar.org/science/hubbell.html Key West Literary Seminar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207055408/http://www.keywestliteraryseminar.org/science/hubbell.html |date=2006-02-07 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ellsworthamerican.com/living/arts-a-living/wonders-of-nature-celebrated-in-new-book/ Wonders of Nature Celebrated in New Book - The Ellsworth American] Recuperate le 2017-04-28.</ref> Illa esseva le soror del autor Bil Gilbert, qui tamben scribe super historia natural. Hubbell moriva le 13 de octobre 2018, al etate de 83 annos, in [[Bar Harbor, Maine]], debite a complicationes de dementia.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/18/obituaries/sue-hubbell-dead.html |title = Sue Hubbell, Who Wrote of Bees and Self-Reliance, Dies at 83 - The New York Times|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 18 October 2018|last1 = Genzlinger|first1 = Neil}}</ref> ==Publicationes== Le libros de Sue Hubbell include:<ref>[http://www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com/catalog/authordetail.cfm?authorID=660 Houghton Mifflin Books]</ref><ref>[http://catalog.loc.gov/ Library of Congress]</ref> *''A Country Year: Living the Questions.''&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Random House (1986) {{ISBN|0-394-54603-2}} *''A Book of Bees: And How to Keep Them.''&nbsp;&nbsp;Boston: Houghton Mifflin (1988) {{ISBN|0-395-88324-5}} *''On This Hilltop.''&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Ballantine Books (1991) {{ISBN|0-345-37306-5}} *''Broadsides from the Other Orders: A Book of Bugs.''&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Random House (1993) {{ISBN|0-679-40062-1}} *''Far-flung Hubbell.''&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Random House (1995) {{ISBN|0-679-42833-X}} *''Waiting for Aphrodite: Journeys into the Time Before Bones.''&nbsp;&nbsp;Boston: Houghton Mifflin (1999) {{ISBN|0-395-83703-0}} *''Shrinking the Cat: Genetic Engineering Before We Knew About Genes.'' (2001) *''From Here to There and Back Again.''&nbsp;&nbsp;Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press (2004) {{ISBN|0-472-11419-0}} {{Referentias}} ==Ligamines externe== *[http://suehubbell.com/ ''Un bibliographia de su libros, articulos, essayos, introductiones, prefacios e recensiones''] {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hubbell, Sue}} [[Categoria:Nascentias in 1935]] [[Categoria:Mortes in 2018]] [[Categoria:Scriptores feminin american]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de Missouri]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de Kalamazoo, Michigan]] [[Categoria:Personas de Milbridge, Maine]] [[Categoria:Feminas american del seculo 21]] [[Categoria:Bibliothecarias american]] 0u3kw78kiw23mqhzjq1td1b01gdrqy9